abstract: Part of a comprehensive study of fungi occurring in commodities in Thailand, this paper reports results from 276 samples of mung beans, @entity579 , @entity1101 and @entity1460 as well as other minor crops. Samples for major commodities were taken from farmers' stocks, middlemen and retail outlets, while those for minor crops were mostly from retail. Each sample was divided into two portions, one being examined in Bangkok and the second at North Ryde. Mycological examinations were carried out by direct plating after surface disinfection in @entity3878 . Media used were @entity18676 rose bengal @entity2755 agar, @entity18676 18% @entity653 agar, @entity11792 and parasiticus agar and @entity18676 @entity2755 peptone agar. Fungi were identified to species level and percentage @entity281 of samples calculated. The dominant fungus found in mung beans was Fusarium semitectum, which was present in 40% of samples and at a high level (18% of all seeds) overall. @entity11792 was also found in 40% of samples, but only in 2% of seeds overall. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the only other fungus exceeding 1% total @entity281 . The major fungi found in @entity1460 were A. flavus (67% of samples; 6% overall) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (49% of samples; 9% overall). Storage fungi were more common in @entity1460 than the other commodities, indicating longer or adverse storage. Paddy @entity579 contained high levels of a wide variety of field fungi, notably Fusarium semitectum, Bipolaris oryzae, and Curvularia, Phoma and Colletotrichum species. However, probably due to the heat generated by milling, milled @entity579 contained very few fungi, which were mostly of storage origin. Only 3% of particles examined contained internal fungi. Infection in @entity1101 was typical of oilseeds, dominated by @entity11792 , which was present in 86% of samples, with an overall @entity281 rate of 12%. Beans other than @entity1460 were infected by a wide range of field fungi, but at low levels, with less than half of seeds examined being infected internally. With the exception of @entity1101 , the levels of mycotoxigenic fungi encountered were much lower than observed previously in nuts and oilseeds.

title: The normal mycoflora of commodities from Thailand. 2. Beans, XXXX , small grains and other commodities.

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18676 :: ('MESH:C004354', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloran']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Extracorporeal life support with artificial heart and lung for @entity177 is commonly called extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO can provide partial or total support, is temporary, and requires systemic anticoagulation. ECMO controls gas exchange and perfusion, stabilizes the @entity1 physiologically, decreases the risk of ongoing @entity130 , and allows ample time for diagnosis, treatment, and recovery from the primary @entity66 . ECMO is used in a variety of clinical circumstances and the results depend on the primary indication. ECMO provides life support but is not a form of treatment. Survival ranges from 30% in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation to 95% for neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome. The major limitations to widespread applications are the need for anticoagulation and @entity548 complications. However, nowadays, the new devices allow only minor @entity548 that is rarely a fatal complication. Research on non-thrombogenic surfaces holds the promise of prolonged extracorporeal circulation without anticoagulation and without @entity548 . The next decade may bring routine application of ECMO to all advanced Intensive Care Units where @entity1 with profound respiratory and @entity712 are treated.

title: Current status of extracorporeal life support (ECMO) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury or disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary failure']


abstract: LAKs are used in @entity5 therapy. A common argument against @entity10086 therapy is the probability of the activation of Tregs by @entity1199 alongside with NK cells. In order to evaluate negative impact of Tregs, contents of @entity403 (+) @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) Tregs and their influence on LAKs' cytotoxic activity in the samples of healthy volunteers' PBMCs cultured with or without @entity1199 were determined. A marked increase in the proportion of the @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells in the most of the PBMCs cultured with @entity1199 was evident. Surprisingly, the contents of @entity403 (+) @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) Tregs showed variable response to @entity1199 in blood samples of different @entity1 . Their proportions increased, remained on the same level or even decreased compared to PBMCs cultured without exogenous @entity1199 . Different methods of Treg isolation were compared regarding the purities of the resulting T-cell populations and their enrichment in the @entity403 -expressing Tregs, as well as their viability. Neither of the kits applied provided any enrichment in @entity403 -level in the purified cells compared to the @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells gated on applying flow-cytometric cell analysis in the non-separated LAKs. Moreover, the addition of the purified supposedly Tregs to LAKs never inhibited their cytotoxic reactions, even then they were added in great non-physiological excess. In some of the blood samples, there have been detected another non-identified type of the @entity403 -expressing cells, which lacked @entity2902 , as well as @entity404 . They may be a new type of regulatory cells, which has not been described before.

title: Is it necessary to deplete the lymphokine activated killers' populations of @entity404 + XXXX + lymphocytes? Regulatory @entity403 -positive T cells within lymphokine activated killers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of the present study were to design a method to estimate mammary plasma flow (MPF) in lactating sows using downstream dilution of - @entity10945 ( @entity7245 ) and to compare these estimates with MPF estimates based on specific AA as internal markers (MPF-AA). A permanent indwelling catheter was surgically implanted in the femoral artery, and another 2 were inserted in the right cranial mammary vein of 8 second- and third-parity sows on d 76    2 SEM of gestation. On the 3rd and 17th days in milk, arterial and venous blood samples were drawn in hourly intervals from 0.5 h before until 6.5 h after feeding. The MPF in the right cranial mammary vein was measured by downstream dilution of infused @entity7245 (3.0 mmol/h). Total MPF- @entity7245 was calculated assuming that the measured flow constituted the flow from 5 out of 14 suckled glands on the basis of the anatomical structure of the mammary vascular system. Total MPF-AA was estimated on the basis of the output of the specific AA marker in milk and the arteriovenous differences of the marker as free AA in plasma, assuming a direct transfer of AA from plasma to milk protein. Total MPF- @entity7245 was 6,860 L/d in early lactation and increased to 8,953 L/d at peak lactation ( = 0.003). In early lactation, MPF-AA estimates were greater or tended to be greater (132% to 175%; < 0.10) than MPF- @entity7245 estimates for all internal markers, except Met (119%). Moreover, MPF- @entity7245 was correlated with MPF-AA only for MET as an internal marker ( = 0.74; = 0.03) in early lactation. In contrast, MPF- @entity7245 and MPF-AA estimates did not differ and were well correlated at peak lactation with the strongest correlation observed when Met ( = 0.84; = 0.009) and @entity815 + Tyr ( = 0.82; = 0.01) were used as the internal AA markers. Litter gain increased from d 3 to 17 of lactation (2.13 vs. 3.46 g/d; = 0.001) and was correlated with MPF- @entity7245 during lactation ( = 0.74; < 0.001), whereas no correlation between litter gain and MPF-AA was observed ( > 0.10). These results suggest that downstream dilution of infused @entity7245 and the AA methods are applicable methods to estimate MPF at peak lactation. The reason for the observed discrepancy in early lactation between MPF- @entity7245 and MPF-AA is not obvious but might be related to the rapid metabolic changes observed in early lactation. In conclusion, MPF measured by downstream dilution of mammary infused @entity7245 was higher at peak compared to early lactation, which the internal AA marker approach failed to show.

title: Technical note: Measurement of mammary plasma flow in sows by downstream dilution of mammary vein infused - XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['aminohippuric acid']

answer: @entity10945 :: (MESH:D010130,Chemical) :: ['aminohippuric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Frontal crashes in which the vehicle has poor structural engagement, such as small-overlap and oblique crashes, account for a large number of fatalities. These crash modes are characterized by large intrusion and vehicle @entity717 . RESULTS from previous studies have shown mixed results regarding the importance and effects of these parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate how vehicle @entity717 , instrument panel intrusion, and the time history of the pulse angle influence @entity764 outcomes. METHOD: This study was conducted using kinematic boundary conditions derived from physical crash tests, which were applied on a finite element simulation model of a vehicle interior including a finite element @entity1 model. By performing simulations with different levels of simplified boundary conditions and comparing the results to a simulation with a full set of boundary conditions, the influence of the simplifications was evaluated. The injury outcome measure compared between the simulations was the expected number of @entity174 . The 3 simplifications simulated were (1) removal of vehicle @entity717 , (2) removal of vehicle @entity717 plus an assumption of a constant pulse angle between the x- and y-acceleration, and (3) removal of instrument panel intrusion. The kinematic boundary conditions were collected from 120 physical tests performed at the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety; 77 were small-overlap tests, and 43 were moderate overlap tests. For each test, the full set of boundary conditions plus the 3 simplifications were simulated. Thus, a total of 480 simulations were performed. RESULTS: The @entity717 influences occupant interaction with the frontal airbag. For the approximation without this kinematic boundary component, there was an average error in injury outcome of approximately 13% for the moderate overlap cases. Large instrument panel intrusion increases the risk of rib @entity174 in nearside small-overlap crashes. The mechanism underlying this increased @entity174 risk is a combination of increased airbag load and a more severe secondary impact to the side structure. Without the intrusion component, the injury risk was underestimated by 8% for the small-overlap crashes. CONCLUSION: The approximation with least error was version 2; that is, a model assuming a constant pulse angle, including instrument panel intrusion but no vehicle @entity717 . This approximation simulates a sled test with a buck mounted at an oblique angle. The average error for this approximation was as low as 2-4%.

title: Influence of vehicle kinematic components on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['yaw rotation']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractured ribs']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest injury in frontal-offset impacts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of urogenital complaints in postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50 and over. METHODS: The study was carried out in the city of Istanbul on @entity1 within the age range of 50 and over. The statistical figures for these @entity1 were obtained from the latest national census. The number of sampling was determined to be 500, each representing a population of 10,000 @entity1 . Thus, the sampling consisted of 500 postmenopausal @entity1 who had applied to various health centers either to seek remedy for their health problems other than @entity322 ( @entity322 ) or to accompany inpatients. @entity1 in the surgical stage of menopause were excluded from the study group. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to gather data on urogenital complaints. The data obtained by this means was analyzed according to Thomas criteria, which classifies @entity322 as rare, regularly and serious. @entity322 was defined according to the International Continence Society (ICS) classification. RESULTS: Of the interviewees 68.8% reported @entity322 , 28.8% of whom had serious @entity322 requires continuously the use of ped. It was determined that 37.2% of the @entity1 with @entity322 had @entity3142 , 32.3% urge @entity322 symptoms, and 30.5% mixed @entity322 . Of the @entity1 46.5% had @entity322 problems for 5 years or longer, and 75% reported that their complaints had started after menopause; 18.2% of the @entity1 suffered from vaginal discharge and @entity111 , while 23% experienced vaginal dryness; 51.2% of the @entity1 were sexually active. However, 83.6% of this group of @entity1 reported a @entity458 and frequency of intercourse. Likewise, 78.1% experienced a decline in sexual satisfaction, 77.7% difficulty in having orgasm, and 45.3% @entity546 . Logistic regression analysis showed that existence of a @entity102 , frequent @entity281 , a high value of body mass index and chronic @entity1142 increased the prevalence of @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: Urinary @entity322 and @entity458 , particularly decline in sexual desire, are widespread among postmenopausal @entity1 . Frequent @entity293 , @entity28 , chronic @entity1142 and other @entity102 seem to be the predictors of @entity322 .

title: A study on urogenital complaints of postmenopausal XXXX aged 50 and over.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in sexual desire', 'sexual problems']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['urethral infections']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Based on an evaluation of @entity174 prevalence on lateral radiographs across all age groups in a large cohort, mild or wedge-shaped vertebral body changes identified among adults should be managed as @entity170 or at least considered as a risk factor for @entity3604 , since they are rare among young subjects. INTRODUCTION: Radiographic assessment of @entity174 is limited by the inability to distinguish mild @entity174 from congenital mild wedge @entity85 . We attempted to quantify the expected background prevalence of these deformities by measuring @entity174 prevalence across all age groups in a large hospital-based retrospective Chinese cohort. METHODS: We reviewed eligible lateral chest radiographs from @entity1 admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 2011 using the Genant semiquantitative method for @entity174 assessment (T4-L2). We evaluated @entity174 prevalence among subjects by sex, 10-year age group, and @entity174 severity grades subjectively. We further analyzed characteristics of subjects with mild (grade I) @entity174 to estimate the relative contribution of congenital mild @entity85 . RESULTS: A total of 10,720 subjects (5,396 @entity1 and 5,324 @entity1 ) with lateral chest radiographs were evaluated. Subjects ranged in age from 0.5 to 97 years with a mean of 51.8        17.4 years ( @entity1 52.8        17.6 years; @entity1 50.8        17.2 years). When stratified by 10-year age groups, the prevalence of @entity174 was relatively low until about 40 years of age, after which prevalence increased for both genders. @entity174 (13 @entity174 for 9 males and 6 @entity174 for 5 females) seen in subjects younger than 40 years of age were almost exclusively mild grade @entity174 . No @entity174 were identified in subjects younger than 20 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Mild or wedge-shaped vertebral body changes on lateral radiographs are rare among young subjects, indicating that when mild @entity85 are found among adults, they are likely to be the product of aging and not congenital variation. Clinically, therefore, mild vertebral body changes should be managed as @entity170 or at least considered as a risk factor for @entity3604 .

title: Reconsideration of the relevance of mild XXXX across a broad age distribution.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral deformities', 'wedge deformities', 'deformities or vertebrae of short vertebral height']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['wedge or short vertebral height deformities']


abstract: GOALS: To evaluate clinical, biochemical, and radiologic parameters at admission, which predict the development of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) after acute @entity788 . BACKGROUND: There is limited data on factors that predict the development of @entity697 . STUDY: Seventy-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 were prospectively enrolled and subjected to clinical, laboratory, and radiologic investigation. The @entity1 were followed up for a period of 4 weeks and then investigated radiologically for the development of @entity697 . RESULTS: After exclusion, 65 @entity1 (44 males) were studied. The median age was 37 years (40.9  15.5 y). Etiology of acute @entity788 was alcohol in 24 @entity1 , @entity5990 in 18, both in 4, drugs in 4, pancreas divisum in 2, postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 1, @entity130 in 1, and idiopathic in 11 @entity1 . On admission, acute fluid collections were observed in 34 (52.31%) @entity1 . Necrosis was noted in 38 (58.46%) @entity1 (<30% @entity39 , 30% to 50% @entity39 , and >50% @entity39 was observed in 36.8%, 26.3%, and 36.8% @entity1 , respectively). On follow-up, 34 (52.3%) @entity1 developed a @entity9007 . On univariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with @entity9007 formation were male sex, palpable mass, blood sugar greater than 150 mg/dL, @entity39 , @entity295 , acute fluid collections, presence of @entity843 , @entity1143 , a high grade of @entity788 , and a high computed tomography severity index (CTSI) score. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex, presence of a palpable abdominal mass, @entity843 , and a high CTSI score were associated with the development of @entity697 . CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, palpable mass, @entity843 , and a high CTSI score at admission can predict the development of a @entity9007 after an attack of acute @entity788 . Acute @entity788 @entity1 with these parameters at admission should be closely followed for the development of a @entity9007 .

title: Clinical, biochemical, and radiologic parameters at admission predicting formation of a XXXX in acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocyst']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 had suffered from recurrent @entity490 , @entity843 and @entity4841 since childhood. The symptoms occurred usually during the winter, and each attack lasted for two to three days. Initially, the frequency was about once a year, but it had increased to once every one to four months after an exploratory laparotomy carried out four years ago. @entity491 accompanied each episode. Many laboratory examinations and imaging studies failed to show pathologic lesions. Laparoscopic examination revealed only yellowish @entity843 with a hyperemic mesentery and omentum. There were never any sequelae after the attacks. After prophylaxis with @entity3812 0.6 mg three times a day, no more attacks occurred. @entity827 ( @entity827 ) was the most likely diagnosis. Recognizing this disease entity in Taiwanese @entity1 may help to avoid unnecessary operations.

title: Taiwanese @entity1 with recurrent XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['familial paroxysmal polyserositis', 'Familial Mediterranean fever']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['polyserositis']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Long-term endurance exercise training results in a reduction in the rates of muscle glycogen depletion and @entity880 accumulation during submaximal exercise; this adaptation is mediated by an increase in muscle mitochondria. There is evidence suggesting that short-term training induces adaptations that downregulate glycogenolysis before there is an increase in functional mitochondria. We discovered that a single long bout of exercise induces decreases in expression of glycogenolytic and glycolytic enzymes in @entity35 skeletal muscle; this adaptation results in slower rates of glycogenolysis and @entity880 accumulation in muscle during contractile activity. Two additional days of training amplified the adaptive response, which appears to be mediated by @entity6229 ; this adaptation is biologically significant, because glycogen depletion and @entity880 accumulation are major causes of muscle fatigue. ABSTRACT: Endurance exercise training can increase the ability to perform prolonged strenuous exercise. The major adaptation responsible for this increase in endurance is an increase in muscle mitochondria. This adaptation occurs too slowly to provide a survival advantage when there is a sudden change in environment that necessitates prolonged exercise. In the present study, we discovered another, more rapid adaptation, a downregulation of expression of the glycogenolytic and glycolytic enzymes in muscle that mediates a slowing of muscle glycogen depletion and @entity880 accumulation. This adaptation, which appears to be mediated by @entity6229 , occurs in response to a single exercise bout and is further enhanced by two additional daily exercise bouts. It is biologically significant, because glycogen depletion and @entity880 accumulation are two of the major causes of muscle fatigue and exhaustion.

title: XXXX mediates a rapid, exercise-induced downregulation of glycogenolysis in @entity35 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity6229 :: (83516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PGC-1a']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity378 have been not always successfully treated by radical debridement and bone grafting with or without supplementary posterior instrumentation and fusion, although most surgeons use posterior instrumentation to support anterior strut grafts. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of anterior instrumentation after radical debridement and autogenous rib grafts in @entity1 with @entity378 over a 6-year period at a single institution. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study of one-stage surgical management for @entity378 by anterior radical debridement, decompression and autogenous rib grafts, and instrumentation. @entity1 SAMPLE: Procedure was performed in 42 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Kyphotic angle was measured to assess the severity of the @entity378 . Neurologic outcome was evaluated using Frankel grade, @entity281 activity using erythrocyte sedimentation rate value and @entity1851 value, and @entity158 using a visual analog scale @entity158 score. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated 42 @entity1 (25 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ; average age, 47.7 years) with @entity378 , who underwent one-stage anterior radical debridement, decompression and autogenous rib grafts, and instrumentation. The average follow-up period was 50.8 months (range, 24-85 months). RESULTS: A solid fusion was achieved in all cases. Of all 42 @entity1 with preoperative @entity85 was corrected from an average of 19.8   on admission to an average of 3.7   after surgery and to an average of 4.6   at the final visit. No significant @entity85 correction was noted in these @entity1 . There was no other recurrence of the @entity281 . CONCLUSION: The authors think that the one-stage anterior autogenous rib grafts and instrumentation are safe and effective methods in the surgical management of @entity378 .

title: One-stage surgical management for XXXX by anterior debridement, decompression and autogenous rib grafts, and instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['loss of deformity', 'kyphosis, the deformity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['thoracic tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of @entity5762 for treatment of @entity302 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 treated with @entity5762 for @entity302 from January 2009 to March 2010. Age, presence of @entity739 , change in @entity410 frequency following @entity5762 initiation, and side effects were assessed. @entity1 who had a >=  50% reduction in @entity2473 frequency were considered responders. RESULTS: Of all 107 @entity1 treated with @entity5762 during the study period, 38 (36%) had @entity302 . Median @entity1 age was 7 years (range: 17 months to 23). One @entity1 had @entity739 at the time of treatment with @entity5762 , and 9 other @entity1 had a history of @entity739 . Median starting dose of @entity5762 was 9 mg/kg/day (range: 2-18) and median final treatment dose was 39 mg/kg/day (range: 8-92). All @entity1 were receiving concurrent antiepileptic drug therapy, with the median number of antiepileptic drugs being 3 (range: 2-6). Median duration of follow-up since starting @entity5762 was 171 days (range: 10-408). Responder rate was 53%. Median reduction in @entity2473 frequency was 50% (interquartile range=-56 to 85%, P<0.05). Two @entity1 (5%) achieved a >99% reduction in @entity2473 . @entity5762 was discontinued in 7 of 38 @entity1 (18%) because of lack of efficacy, worsening @entity410 , or other side effects. Minor side effects were reported in 14 of 38 @entity1 (37%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5762 appears to be a well-tolerated and efficacious adjunctive therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity302 . A prospective study is warranted to validate our observations.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic spasms']

entities_list: @entity5762 :: ('MESH:C079703', 'Chemical') :: ['rufinamide', 'Rufinamide']

answer: @entity5762 :: (MESH:C079703,Chemical) :: ['Rufinamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognostic value of salpingoscopy with a current classification system of @entity4134 and distal tubal occlusion in @entity1 with @entity249 undergoing reconstructive tubal surgery. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Catholic University, a tertiary care University Center in Rome, Italy. @entity1 : Fifty-five @entity249 @entity1 with either @entity4134 (29 @entity1 ) or hydrosalpinx (26 @entity1 ) undergoing reconstructive tubal surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Salpingoscopy performed concomitantly to salpingo-ovariolysis or salpingoneostomy at the time of either operative laparoscopy or laparotomy using microsurgical techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Salpingoscopic findings were compared with a current classification system of @entity4134 and distal tubal occlusion. The @entity1 were followed for a mean follow-up of 49 months; the pregnancy rates achieved were correlated with the salpingoscopic findings and the classification system used. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the salpingoscopic grade and the occurrence of a term pregnancy for both the salpingo-ovariolysis and salpingoneostomy groups of @entity1 . There was no significant correlation between the classification system used and the occurrence of a term pregnancy for both groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Salpingoscopy plays an important role in selecting the @entity1 who may benefit the most from reconstructive tubal surgery.

title: Correlation between the American Fertility Society classifications of XXXX and distal tubal occlusion, salpingoscopy, and reproductive outcome in tubal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal adhesions']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal adhesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association among @entity22384 , recurrent @entity393 is yet uncertain. The objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of the @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) and prothrombin (PT) mutations for the subsequent chance of live birth for @entity1 with @entity393 . METHODS: Pregnancy outcome was recorded in a retrospective cohort of 363 @entity1 with a minimum of three consecutive pregnancy losses (early @entity2208 , late @entity2208 or @entity2209 / @entity204 ) who were not treated with anticoagulation therapy. RESULTS: Of the 363 @entity1 , 29 were @entity5337 -mutation carriers and 6 were PT-mutation carriers. The unadjusted live birth rate was 45.7% in @entity5337 /PT carriers versus 63.4% in @entity5337 /PT non-carriers, P = 0.04. The adjusted odds ratio for live birth in @entity5337 /PT carriers was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.23-1.01), P = 0.05. Among the obstetric complications, only excessive @entity548 was found to be associated with @entity5337 /PT mutations. CONCLUSIONS: In the unadjusted analysis, @entity5337 and PT mutations have a negative prognostic impact on the live birth rate in @entity1 with @entity393 ; however, when adjusting for significant covariates, the results no longer reach statistical significance. Strong conclusions on the association between obstetric complications and @entity22384 cannot be drawn from this study. Whether anticoagulation therapy would improve the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity5337 /PT mutations remains to be documented in large randomized controlled trials.

title: @entity22384 and XXXX : a retrospective cohort study of pregnancy outcome and obstetric complications.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity22384 :: ('MESH:C540694', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss (RPL) and obstetric complications', 'RPL']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['recurrent pregnancy loss']


abstract: @entity3446 (SRL) is not nephrotoxic, but it has been shown to increase transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. We investigated the effect of combining @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with SRL on renal structure and function and on @entity1810 . @entity35 treated with vehicle (VH), @entity2098 10 mg/kg/d, SRL 0.3 mg/kg/d, or SRL+ @entity2098 were killed at 28 days. The physiologic and histologic changes and expression of @entity1810 , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and extracellular matrix proteins were studied. Although SRL alone did not alter renal function and structure, it increased @entity1810 mRNA by 44% and protein by 48% (P <0.05 vs. VH). Treatment with @entity2098 did not affect @entity1810 . When combined with SRL, @entity2098 decreased @entity1810 expression to VH levels. A similar trend was observed with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and extracellular matrix proteins. The long-term consequence of increased TGF-beta in SRL-treated kidneys remains unknown. However, because @entity2098 can reverse this trend, SRL and @entity2098 combination therapy may be protective.

title: Combination therapy with @entity3446 and XXXX : effects on the kidney and on @entity1810 .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ) is caused by genetic defect in lymphocyte apoptosis. Chronic @entity3329 and @entity381 are the consequence of lymphoproliferation. The diagnosis is based on the assessment of the defective lymphocyte apoptosis and the identification of lymphocyte T subset that are double negative ( @entity404 - @entity405 -). The susceptibility to @entity706 and @entity792 , mainly blood cytopenias is increased. METHODS: We studied a 14 year-old @entity1 with chronic @entity381 and familial history of @entity381 and @entity3329 . T lymphocyte phenotypes, and molecular defect of @entity1197 gene were studied in the @entity1 , his sister and his father. Lymphocyte apoptosis was also analysed in the @entity1 and his father. RESULTS: The @entity1 and his father showed in vitro apoptosis defects, an increased number of double negative T lymphocytes (18% and 5%, respectively) and the same mutation in the @entity1197 gene. His sister had 16% of double negative T lymphocytes and the mutation in the @entity1197 gene. COMMENTS: Chronic familial @entity381 can be the only clinical sign of @entity8782 .

title: [Familial XXXX as a first clinical sign of @entity8782 ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome', 'ALPS']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: The AA. describe the clinical, surgical and pathological features of a 13-days old @entity1 with multiple @entity299 diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The clinical picture simulated @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ). 2DE showed a well developed left heart. The apical four chamber view disclosed a mass of echoes between the left atrium and ventricle, across the mitral valve. Another little mass of echoes was attached to the left surface of the ventricular septum. The other cardiac chambers and the great arteries were normal. These multiple intracardiac masses were interpreted as @entity4618 . The @entity1 underwent an operation at the age of 21 days because of @entity339 and CHF. At surgery, a left @entity4618 was found, that severely obstructed the mitral valve orifice. Although after resecting the @entity5 we felt that the obstruction was adequately relieved, the little @entity1 died of @entity4 one hour after surgery. At autopsy all the previously detected @entity1868 were confirmed and a small additional one was discovered within the crista supraventricularis. Unexpectedly, the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve were extremely short. This @entity154 , masked preoperatively by the @entity4618 , was probably the cause of the fatal postoperative @entity339 .

title: [ XXXX of the left atrium. A rare case of mitral valve congenital obstruction simulating @entity1699 . Echocardiographic diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve obstruction', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyoma', 'atrial rhabdomyoma', 'rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhabdomyomas']

answer: @entity4618 :: (MESH:D012207,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Local antibiotic delivery is a viable and attractive option for preventing @entity281 . Unfortunately, the current options are limited and often necessitate surgical removal. This study evaluates the ability of a biodegradable and biocompatible chitosan sponge to minimize @entity281 by delivering local antibiotics within the wound. METHODS: A complex musculoskeletal wound was created on the hindlimb of @entity1237 and contaminated with @entity796 (lux) or @entity794 (lux) bacteria. These bacteria are genetically engineered to emit photons, allowing for quantification with a photon-counting camera system. The wounds were closed and similarly d  brided and irrigated with 9 L normal saline using bulb-syringe irrigation 6 hours after inoculation. @entity1237 were assigned to different treatment groups: a control group with no adjunctive treatment and an experimental group using a chitosan sponge loaded with either @entity4509 (for wounds contaminated with @entity796 ) or @entity2176 (for wounds contaminated with @entity794 ). The wounds were closed after the procedure and evaluated 48 hours after initial contamination. Serum levels of the antibiotics were also measured at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 42 hours after treatment was initiated. RESULTS: The wounds treated with the antibiotic-loaded chitosan sponge had significantly less bacteria than the untreated wounds (P < 0.05). The highest serum levels were 6 hours after treatment but remained less than 15% of target serum levels for systemic treatment. At study end point, all sponges were between 60% and 100% degraded. CONCLUSIONS: The chitosan sponges are effective delivering the antibiotic and reducing the bacteria within the wounds.

title: Local antibiotic delivery using tailorable chitosan sponges: the future of XXXX control?

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lumbar discectomy is one of the most common spine surgical procedures. With the exception of true emergencies (eg, @entity1971 ), lumbar discectomy is usually performed as an elective procedure after a prudent trial of nonoperative treatment. Although several studies have compared costs of definitive operative or nonoperative management of @entity890 , no information has been published regarding the cost of conservative care in @entity1 who ultimately underwent surgical discectomy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the financial costs (and relative distribution of those costs) associated with the nonoperative management of @entity890 in @entity1 who ultimately failed conservative care and elected to undergo surgical discectomy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective database review. @entity1 SAMPLE: The sample comprises @entity1 within the database who underwent lumbar discectomy. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were frequency of associated procedures and the costs of those procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted using a commercially available online database of insurance records of orthopedic @entity1 to identify all @entity1 within the database undergoing lumbar discectomy between 2004 and 2006. @entity1 were identified by American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology code. The associated charge codes for the 90-day period before the surgery were reviewed and categorized as outpatient physician visits, imaging studies, physical therapy, injection, chiropractic manipulation, medication charges, preoperative studies, or miscellaneous charges. The frequency of each code and the percentage of @entity1 for whom that code was submitted to the insurance companies were noted, as were the associated charges. RESULTS: In total, 30,709 @entity1 in the database met eligibility criteria. A total of  105,799,925 was charged during the 90 days preoperatively, an average of  3,445 per @entity1 . Average charge for discectomy procedure was  7,841. Charges for injection procedures totaled  16,211,246 or 32% of total charges, diagnostic imaging  15,648,769 (31%), outpatient visits  6,552,135 (13%), physical therapy visits  5,723,644 (11%), chiropractic manipulation  1,177,406 (2%), preoperative studies  426,976 (0.8%), medications  263,039 (0.5%), and miscellaneous charges  1,177,371 (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Charges for preoperative care of @entity1 with @entity890 are substantial and are split almost evenly between diagnostic charges (outpatient visits, imaging, laboratory studies, and miscellaneous) and therapeutic charges (injections, physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and medications). Although a large number of @entity1 will ultimately require surgical intervention, given that many @entity1 will improve with nonoperative therapy, a trial of conservative management is appropriate. Additional studies to identify @entity1 who may ultimately fail nonoperative treatment and would benefit from early discectomy would be beneficial.

title: Cost and use of conservative management of XXXX before surgical discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the response of clinically localized @entity263 to various durations of planned @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) and to investigate subgroups predicting response. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data of 3,666 @entity263 @entity1 treated with either combined ADT and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or EBRT alone at four institutions were examined. ADT consisted of neoadjuvant, concurrent, or adjuvant ADT or combinations of these regimens. The primary endpoint was time to biochemical failure (nadir plus 2 ng/ml), assessed from the end of therapy. Factors predictive for the need for ADT were examined with interaction analyses. RESULTS: The impact of increasing ADT duration was nonlinear with, on average, 6 months of adjuvant ADT resulting in a reduction of the risk of biochemical failure by 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-46%), while 12, 24, and 36 months of ADT resulted in a 58% (95% CI, 47%-67%), 66% (95% CI, 55%-75%), and 66% (95% CI, 51%-77%) relative failure reduction, respectively. @entity1 with @entity5 and those treated with lower radiation doses had a significantly greater benefit for increasing ADT duration (interaction, p=0.016 and p=0.007, respectively). Pretreatment @entity1486 values, Gleason score, age, and risk group did not modify the response to ADT. CONCLUSIONS: The known ADT efficacy derived from randomized studies can be generalized to @entity1 with different features, and individual predictions of potential benefit from ADT use and duration may be calculated to aid @entity1 and physician decision making. @entity5 stage and radiation dose variations were related to significantly different ADT duration effects. The validity of these predictive factors requires prospective evaluation.

title: Predictors of XXXX deprivation therapy efficacy combined with prostatic irradiation: the central role of @entity5 stage and radiation dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'higher T stage cancers']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: A computer system for probabilistic diagnosis of @entity1087 was tested on a @entity1 sample from a geographical area different from that for which it was first constructed. 144 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1087 seen in two Stockholm hospitals were interviewed and examined to record a total of 82 indicants from history, demographic details, physical findings and laboratory tests. Data were compared with those of 319 @entity1087 @entity1 previously interviewed and examined at different London hospitals. It was found that disease incidences were different in the two @entity1 samples. There were more @entity1 with @entity99 , @entity3619 and @entity2835 in the London data base whereas the Stockholm data base included significantly more @entity1 with @entity9528 and @entity7160 . Indicant frequencies, standardised for disease incidence, differed with respect to age (Stockholm @entity1 were on average six years older), time from onset of first symptom to hospital admission (Stockholm @entity1 had on average a two-week shorter history of disease) and a number of symptoms such as @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity448 , @entity353 , itching, pale stools and dark urine which were more frequent among the London @entity1 . Differences in hospital admission policy was regarded as an important reason for the differences in indicant frequency. The results of probabilistic diagnosis were poor. Only 49% of the cases were correctly classified into twelve diagnostic groups. In particular the computer model was poor at separating different causes of @entity1448 and at differentiating between malignant and benign bile duct obstruction. However, all cases of @entity99 were correctly classified and the computer model was 87% accurate in differentiating between medical and surgical @entity1087 . Reclassification of the 144 @entity1 on their own data showed the computer system to be well calibrated and 97% of the cases were correctly classified according to this procedure. In conclusion, the computer system could not be directly transferred for use in a Swedish hospital but the results of reclassification were sufficiently encouraging to warrant prospective studies.

title: Computer aided diagnosis of XXXX . A comparison of two data bases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bile duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ["Gilbert's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: The goal of culturing abscesses and/or @entity2688 is to identify the offending pathogen in order to understand and treat the @entity281 . Abscesses respond to incision and drainage. Antibiotics are not indicated in the @entity1 with normal host defense, and thus in these @entity1 cultures and Gram stains are not indicated. In immunocompromised @entity1 , in @entity1 with abscesses of the central face, and in those with abscesses that contain gas or involve muscle or fascia, Gram stain, culture, and antibiotics are necessary. The Gram stain is a reliable indicator of sterile abscesses, abscesses in pure culture (especially @entity794 ), and those in mixed anaerobic culture. Location and odor of abscesses are clues to offending bacteria. Cultures of tissue or blood in @entity1 with @entity2688 usually are positive in less than 40% of cases, regardless of the technique used. @entity6932 in pediatric @entity1 is an exception; blood cultures are positive in more than two-thirds of cases. Although not specific, certain types of @entity2688 show different clinical characteristics. Treatment with elevation, warm soaks, and antibiotics is still the mainstay of therapy. Gram stain and culture are limited to those @entity1 who do not respond to initial therapy or who are immunocompromised.

title: Pathogen identification of abscesses and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2688 :: (MESH:D002481,Disease) :: ['cellulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the therapeutic outcome of ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of @entity7290 on treatment of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in cervical-facial region. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 (32 male, 43 female), ranging in age from 13 to 60 years old, suffering from @entity1211 in cervical-facial region were admitted to and treated at our hospital between June 2006 and February 2007. Of all the @entity1 , 54 @entity600 were located in the facial region, eight in the submental region, 10 in the submandible region, and three in the cervical region; all were treated by ultrasound-guided intralesional injections of @entity7290 . The size of the lesions ranged from 6 x 9 mm to 32 x 39 mm. Injection of @entity7290 on @entity1211 was then carried out through the inspection of ultrasonography. Repeated course of @entity7290 injection was administrated for larger @entity600 . The amount was 8 mg each time. The therapeutic interval was two to four weeks. The therapeutic outcome on @entity1211 was evaluated by physical examination and ultrasonography with Doppler according to the Shou standards, including four grades; cured, basically cured, improved, and invalid. The complications were also observed during and after injection. RESULTS: The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months. The average times of treatment were 1.64 times. Among them, 42 @entity1 (56%) received only one time of treatment, 21 (28%) @entity1 received two times, nine (12%) @entity1 received three times, and three (4%) @entity1 received four times. According to criteria of therapeutic outcome, the results showed cured in 63 @entity1 (84%), basically cured in 10 @entity1 (13.33%), improved in two @entity1 (2.67%), and none ineffective. Seventy-one @entity1 (94.67%) had local swelling in injection region for several days and two @entity1 (2.67%) developed @entity1296 after treatment. There were no other complications recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional injection of @entity7290 establishes a promisingly effect way for @entity1 suffering from @entity1211 in the cervical-facial region under ultrasound guidance.

title: A clinical study of ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of XXXX on @entity1211 in cervical-facial region in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin A5']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['temporary dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VM', 'venous malformation']

answer: @entity7290 :: (MESH:C025703,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin A5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 3% saline and 0.9% saline infusion as initial resuscitative fluid therapy in @entity1 with @entity326 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 between 2 to 12 years of age with @entity326 were randomized to receive normal saline or 3% saline as initial resuscitative fluid. Fluid resuscitation was done with 0.9% saline in boluses of 20 ml/kg, each bolus over a duration of 15 min with a maximum of 2 boluses. Fluid resuscitation with 3% saline was given as a single bolus of 15 ml/kg over 30 min. After initial fluid bolus completion, if hemodynamic stability was not achieved then further fluid boluses of 0.9% saline were given in volumes of 5-10 ml/kg guided by CVP. RESULTS: There were 30 @entity1 in both the groups. Both the groups were identical with respect to age, gender, primary diagnosis, laboratory parameters, initial hemodynamic parameters and PRISM score at time of admission. The amount of total fluid bolus required for resuscitation was approximately half in the group who received 3% saline as compared to the group who received 0.9% saline. The use of vasopressor drugs, shock reversal time, ICU stay and mortality rate were similar in both the groups. No adverse effects related to fluid therapy were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both normal saline and hypertonic saline were equally effective as resuscitation fluid with respect to restoration of hemodynamic stability, average duration of ICU stay and mortality. @entity4372 saline appears to be a promising fluid for resuscitation of @entity326 .

title: XXXX versus normal saline as initial fluid bolus in pediatric @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['Hypertonic']


abstract: Ascariosis is the most important internal @entity4801 present worldwide in farmed @entity1707 . @entity1267 are healing lesions occurring when @entity10130 larvae migrate through the liver. This study aimed to identify current husbandry practices (e.g. wet/compound feeding, outdoors/indoors production, bedded/slatted floors) that influence the prevalence of @entity1267 in batches of slaughtered @entity1707 , accounting for geographical locations and seasonality. Farm information was accessed through the British farm quality assurance programmes (QAPs) and information on @entity1267 was obtained from the @entity1707 abattoir based health schemes. Two working datasets were created. The first consisted of 505 farms recruited from the whole of Great Britain (GB). The second combined 338 farms from England and Wales (EW) with housing and feed category-specific information (e.g. for growers and finishers separately), which was not fully available for inclusion in the previous dataset. The variables were studied in multivariable beta-binomial models with the presence of @entity1267 being the response variable. Solid floor with bedding appeared as a risk factor, OR 1.52 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.26-1.85) for the GB sample, and OR 1.47 (CI 1.19-1.81) for the EW subset. Those GB herds that had all the stages of production indoors appeared to be at lower risk of @entity1267 (OR 0.4, CI 0.32-0.49). Changes were detected within year, with higher risk of @entity1267 in the second 6 months of the year OR 1.17 (CI 1.02-1.35) in the GB sample and 1.21 (95% CI 1.04-1.41) in EW farms. Overall this study suggests that those husbandry practices facilitating optimal levels of hygiene posed lower risk of @entity1267 in slaughtered @entity1707 , potentially reflecting lower levels of ascariosis in the later stages of production.

title: Identification of factors influencing the occurrence of milk spot livers in slaughtered @entity1707 : A novel approach to understanding XXXX epidemiology in British farmed @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['milk spots', 'Milk spots']

answer: @entity10130 :: (6253,Species) :: ['Ascaris suum']


abstract: THe synergistic effects between @entity460 and the therapeutic and toxic actions of the cardiac glycosides have suggested that a way of treating @entity8769 could be through a decrease in free plasma @entity460 . In 1966, Burckhardt and La-Due published a study based on the inverse relationship that exists between plasma @entity6546 and @entity460 . It was shown then that @entity17500 had a pronounced antiarrhythmic effect on digitalis induced @entity943 . The use of @entity17500 for this study prevented the analysis of the role of the @entity6546 in these effects, since the actions of @entity972 in digitalis @entity137 precluded any conclusion. The purpose of the present paper is to study the effect of @entity6546 on @entity8769 and its possible mechanism of action. The results obtained demonstrated: 1) @entity6546 have a marked antiarrhythmic effect in digitalis induced @entity943 . 2) This effect is due to a decrease in free plasma @entity460 . 3) The lowering of this @entity460 pool occurs in the blood and is not mediated by hormonal or renal mechanisms. 4) The ions that disappear from the free @entity460 pool do not precipitate. 5) The use of @entity6546 could be useful in the treatment of some clinical cases of advanced @entity8769 .

title: [Mechanism of the antiarrhythmic effect of inorganic XXXX in digitalis poisoning].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphates', 'phosphates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['digitalis intoxication']

answer: @entity6546 :: (MESH:D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphates']


abstract: The atrial natriuretic factor ( @entity11242 ) receptor has been solubilized from @entity291 @entity4091 membranes with the nonionic detergent @entity6072 . Mathematical analysis of competition binding curves with solubilized receptor revealed the presence of two classes of binding sites with pK of 10.4 (Kd = 40 pM) and 8.2 (kd = 6000 pM), similar to the native receptor of intact membranes. The hydrodynamic properties of the @entity11242 receptor were determined by prelabeling the membrane receptor with 125I- @entity11242 prior to solubilization. The solubilized 125I- @entity11242 -receptor complex eluted as a major peak with a Stokes radius of 50.8 A from a Superose 6 steric exclusion column. A partial specific volume of 0.770 ml/g and a sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) of 6.34 S were determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in @entity2507 and @entity2768 . These data were used to calculate a molecular weight of 158,000 and a frictional ratio of 1.25 for the labeled receptor-detergent complex. The amount of detergent bound to the receptor was estimated to be 0.45 g/g of protein, assuming a partial specific volume of 0.730 ml/g for the protein. Correction for the mass contributed by the bound detergent yielded a molecular weight of 109,000 for the receptor protein. Affinity cross-linking of 125I- @entity11242 to its binding sites in zona glomerulosa membranes and analysis by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that one single band with apparent Mr 130,000 was specifically labeled. These results indicate that the @entity11242 receptor from @entity291 adrenal cortex is a membrane protein with a total molecular weight of 110,000-130,000 and suggest that the native protein contains only one single polypeptide chain.

title: Molecular characterization of the solubilized atrial natriuretic factor receptor from XXXX @entity4091 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal zona glomerulosa']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6072 :: ('MESH:C018619', 'Chemical') :: ['octyl-beta-D-glucoside']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the first @entity8 through the umbilicus using a scarless pure single-port technique in a young @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 27-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity295 and @entity810 secondary to a dilated, chronically infected, nonfunctioning @entity8 with @entity3885 causing an @entity8 . The acute episode was managed with bilateral ureteric stents and antibiotics. Definitive treatment involved @entity8 through the umbilicus via a single-port access device (TriPor   ; Olympus). A curved tissue grasper and extralong bariatric suction device were used along with standard straight laparoscopic instruments. In addition, a 10-mm flexible-tip video laparoendoscope ( @entity2033 EndoEYE LTF-VH   ; Olympus) and a robotic camera holder (FreeHand   ; Prosurgics) were used to reduce external instrument clash. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful leaving the @entity1 with a scarless abdomen. The operative time was 185 minutes, @entity190 100   mL, and length of stay 48 hours. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: Scarless transumbilical pelvic nephrectomy is technically feasible. The first reported clinical experience is discussed.

title: Scarless single-port laparoscopic pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction to the right kidney', 'pelvic kidney removal', 'removal of the diseased pelvic kidney', 'left-sided pelvic kidney']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['uro-sepsis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney nephrectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 leads to considerable variability in clinical responses, with only 10 to 20% of cases achieving complete pathologic responses (pCR). Biological and clinical factors that determine the extent of pCR are incompletely understood. Mounting evidence indicates that the @entity1 's immune system contributes to @entity5 regression and can be modulated by therapies. The cell types most frequently observed with this association are effector @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), such as cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells and B cells. We and others have shown that the relative abundance of TILs in @entity0 can be quantified by intratumoral transcript levels of coordinately expressed, immune cell-specific genes. Through expression microarray analysis, we recently discovered three immune gene signatures, or metagenes, that appear to reflect the relative abundance of distinct @entity5 -infiltrating leukocyte populations. The B/P (B cell/plasma cell), T/NK (T cell/natural killer cell) and M/D (monocyte/dendritic cell) immune metagenes were significantly associated with distant metastasis-free survival of @entity1 with highly proliferative @entity5 of the basal-like, @entity1722 -enriched and luminal B intrinsic subtypes. METHODS: Given the histopathological evidence that TIL abundance is predictive of neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, we evaluated the therapy-predictive potential of the prognostic immune metagenes. We hypothesized that pre-chemotherapy immune gene signatures would be significantly predictive of @entity5 response. In a multi-institutional, meta-cohort analysis of 701 @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, gene expression profiles of @entity5 biopsies were investigated by logistic regression to determine the existence of therapy-predictive interactions between the immune metagenes, @entity5 proliferative capacity, and intrinsic subtypes. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, the B/P, T/NK and M/D metagenes were all significantly and positively associated with favorable pathologic responses. In multivariate analyses, proliferative capacity and intrinsic subtype altered the significance of the immune metagenes in different ways, with the M/D and B/P metagenes achieving the greatest overall significance after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression signatures of infiltrating immune cells carry both prognostic and therapy-predictive value that is impacted by @entity5 proliferative capacity and intrinsic subtype. Anti- @entity5 functions of plasma B cells and myeloid-derived antigen-presenting cells may explain more variability in pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy than previously recognized.

title: Dual roles for immune metagenes in XXXX prognosis and therapy prediction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The introduction of new drugs, and a re-evaluation of older drugs, have radically changed the pharmacological management of @entity712 . @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, digitalis, diuretics and the combination of @entity3362 and @entity2514 are now used. The first Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS I) and the second Vasodilator therapy in @entity712 Trial (V-HeFT II) have demonstrated that @entity1 with severe or advanced @entity712 should be treated with @entity1289 inhibitors, digitalis and diuretics (other vasodilators can be used if @entity1289 inhibitors are contraindicated) to improve symptoms and duration of life. The Studies Of @entity1002 (SOLVD) and the Munich @entity712 trial have shown that @entity1 with mild @entity712 should be treated with @entity1289 inhibitors. However, data from several large clinical registries suggest that only 40% of @entity1 with @entity712 are being given @entity1289 inhibitors perhaps through fear of serious @entity8 or @entity551 ; these fears are unfounded. @entity1 with anterior @entity583 and reduced left ventricular function also benefit from @entity1289 inhibitors. The fourth International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS 4) and results from the Gruppo Italiano per Io Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico 3 (GISSI 3) have indicated that @entity1 with @entity583 benefit from early @entity1289 inhibitor therapy and that survival is increased. @entity712 treatment can be optimized by establishing a disease etiology and stressing the need to restrict dietary @entity1372 . @entity1289 inhibitors should be used for depressed left systolic ventricular function, including @entity1 in New York Heart Association class I @entity712 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Optimizing the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left Ventricular Dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: We have cloned malignant cells carrying specific antigens associated with @entity43 ( @entity43 ) and @entity706 ( @entity706 ) from BS-SHI-4M cells, a line derived from a @entity17152 -treated B-lymphoblastoid cell line isolated from a @entity1 with @entity10673 . Since BS-SHI-4M cells react with sera from various individual @entity5 @entity1 at relatively low frequencies (2-9%), as detected by an indirect immunofluorescence technique, cell clones that specifically react with sera from @entity1 with @entity43 and @entity706 were separated by the "panning" method in which @entity852 dishes were coated with sera from @entity43 and @entity706 @entity1 and cells with the corresponding antigens bound to the dishes. Subsequent cloning by limiting dilution provided cell clones highly enriched for @entity43 - and @entity706 -associated antigens. Karyotype analyses revealed that cell clones with @entity43 and @entity706 antigens had common marker chromosomes, der(14)t(14;14) (p11;q11),t(6;?)(p25;?) and t(9;?)(q34;?), besides t(17;?) (q25;?) found in the @entity43 -antigen-positive clones and t(5;?) (p13;?),t(7;?)(q36;?) found in the @entity706 -antigen-positive clones. Interestingly, in cell clones with a strong @entity43 antigen response, the distal part of the Y chromosome (Yq11) was missing in 100% of the cells. Therefore the cell line BS-SHI-4M appears to be a reservoir of cell clones each of which carries a specific tumor antigen and thus provides a potential tool for rapid serological diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: @entity5 antigens are expressed in a carcinogen-transformed XXXX B-lymphoblastoid cell line.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OVC', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity17152 :: ('CHEBI:21759', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['ML', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['Bloom syndrome']

answer: @entity10673 :: (MESH:D001816,Disease) :: ['Bloom syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of desmosomal gene mutations in athletes with complex @entity943 (VA) of right ventricular (RV) origin and structural @entity4266 to evaluate whether there is sufficient genetic overlap with @entity4128 ( @entity4128 ) to consider them the same or different entities. DESIGN: Observational cohort SETTING: Tertiary hospital referrals @entity1 : Forty-seven consecutive athletes (age 42 (11) years) with complex VA of RV morphology (excluding idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract @entity1165 ), who performed 14 (9) h/week of moderate to intense sport practise for 19 (9) years. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical evaluation (detailed sports history, multi-modality imaging, electrophysiological study) and sequencing of five candidate desmosomal genes. RESULTS: A clinical diagnosis of definite or suspected @entity4128 by task force criteria (TFC) was met in 24 (51%) and 17 (36%), respectively. @entity4128 classification was not related to the rate of major arrhythmic events (p=0.28). Pathogenic mutations (four novel) were identified in six athletes (12.8%), which is below published rates for familial @entity4128 (27-52%). Moreover, only two athletes had a suggestive family history. Severe @entity67 was more frequent in mutation carriers (33% vs 2%, p=0.04), but otherwise TFC features were similar to those without mutations. No mutations were found in the 20 athletes performing more than average weekly exercise, yet all met the criteria for definite or suspected @entity4128 . CONCLUSIONS: In this athletic cohort, we found lower than expected rates of desmosomal gene mutations, particularly among those performing the most exercise. This adds further weight to the hypothesis that an @entity4128 -like phenotype may be acquired through intense exercise without an identifiable genetic predisposition.

title: Lower than expected desmosomal gene mutation prevalence in endurance athletes with complex XXXX of right ventricular origin.

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy', 'ARVC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV abnormalities']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ), @entity729 occurs at two distinct sites in the vessel wall: the intima and the media. @entity729 ( @entity729 ), a nonocclusive condition, affects hemodynamics differently compared to @entity729 ( @entity729 ), which occurs in @entity731 . Arterial @entity730 is considered a cell-regulated process resembling intramembranous bone formation. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to clarify the morphological differences between @entity729 and @entity729 and to evaluate the role of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages in @entity729 and @entity729 formation. METHODS: We histologically analyzed 14 tissue specimens from 14 autopsies of @entity1 with @entity740 Stage 5D who underwent hemodialysis and 5 specimens from 5 @entity1 with @entity740 Stage 2 - 3 (90 ml/min/1.73 m2 > estimated GFR >= 30 ml/min/1.73 m2). We performed immunohistochemical staining of @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) as a marker for bone matrix protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) for VSMCs, @entity8087 / @entity8087 as a marker for osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, and @entity469 for macrophages. RESULTS: In the @entity740 2/3 group, we also found @entity729 and @entity729 . @entity1096 and @entity469 expression in the @entity740 2/3 group was similar to that in the @entity740 5D group. Although we did not find @entity8087 / @entity8087 positive cell expression in the @entity740 2/3 group, we did find it in the @entity740 5D group. We found @entity469 -positive cells predominantly in @entity729 and absent in @entity729 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the influence of @entity8087 / @entity8087 pathway in @entity729 depends on the @entity740 Stage. Expression of @entity469 -positive cells depends on the location of the @entity729 .

title: Difference in coronary artery intima and media XXXX in autopsied @entity1 with @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['AIC', 'arterial intima calcification', 'AMC', 'Arterial media calcification', 'coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) production in @entity35 superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) was markedly increased (ca. 7-9-fold) by the addition of either @entity934 ( @entity1617 ; 0.1 mM) or a muscarinic agonist, @entity5402 (Carb; 0.1 mM), in the presence of an inhibitor ( @entity1922 ) for @entity6708 hydrolytic enzyme during in vitro aerobic incubation at 37 degrees C for 5 min. The @entity1617 -induced accumulation of @entity6708 in SCG was effectively blocked (-73%) by the further addition of @entity3897 (10 microM), a muscarinic antagonist, whereas a nicotinic blocker, @entity4033 (10 microM) partially antagonized (-41%) this @entity1617 stimulation. The inhibitory effect of @entity4033 on @entity1617 -evoked ganglionic @entity6708 production was effectively augmented (-83%) by addition of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 50 microM), a compound that inhibits @entity842 (NO) synthesis from @entity534 . Comparable inhibition of @entity6708 formation was observed following application of @entity7293 to the SCG upon stimulation of Carb. In contrast, @entity7293 had no effect on the decreased level of @entity1617 -evoked @entity6708 production caused by the muscarinic antagonist. The Carb-induced elevation of ganglionic @entity6708 synthesis was significantly reduced within 1 min of incubation in the medium containing hemoglobin (Hb; 20 microM), an agent that scavenges only the extracellular fraction of NO. Thereafter, the tissue @entity6708 formation attenuated to the control level by subsequent incubation for several minutes. Addition of protein kinase C (PKC) activator, @entity864 ( @entity865 ; 1 microM) to the medium significantly decreased Carb-evoked @entity6708 synthesis (-61%) in SCG, whereas @entity224 dismutase (SOD; 30 U/ml) only slightly suppressed the Carb stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The intercellular communication via @entity842 and its regulation in coupling of XXXX synthesis upon stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in @entity35 superior cervical sympathetic ganglia.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['cyclic GMP']


abstract: Eleven long-term @entity137 studies were reviewed on @entity8886 and five on @entity13689 in an effort to evaluate the potential carcinogenic activity of these chemicals in animals. The @entity8886 studies included inhalation exposure ( @entity35 , @entity19 , @entity840 , and @entity95 ), intragastric gavage ( @entity35 and @entity19 ), drinking water ( @entity35 ), and intraperitoneal injection ( @entity35 ), while @entity13689 exposure was via intragastric gavage ( @entity35 and @entity19 ) or @entity272 ( @entity19 ). Each study was reviewed and evaluated for details and adequacy of design, adequacy of reported data, and interpretation. The results of this review @entity20955 . There was no convincing evidence of carcinogenic activity of @entity8886 in animals, although many of the studies were considered inadequate. 2. @entity13689 was carcinogenic to the forestomach of both sexes of @entity35 and @entity19 after gavage exposure and was associated with an @entity96 in male @entity19 in one study. No carcinogenic activity was observed in @entity19 after dermal exposure ( @entity272 ). 3. None of the studies of @entity8886 or @entity13689 reported here are well suited for extrapolating potential carcinogenic activity of either compound to @entity1 because all have deficiencies in design, conduct, interpretation, or utilized a less than ideal route of exposure. A chronic state-of-the-art inhalation study is needed to evaluate this aspect of hazard assessment.

title: Review of @entity8886 and XXXX long-term animal studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['increase in liver neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity13689 :: ('MESH:C013690', 'Chemical') :: ['Styrene oxide', 'styrene oxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin painting', 'skin paint']

answer: @entity13689 :: (MESH:C013690,Chemical) :: ['styrene oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to determine the long-term effects and @entity137 of a combined chemotherapeutic regimen of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) in the treatment of metastatic @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with metastatic UC were treated with GC ( @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 and @entity900 70 mg/m(2) on day 2 every 28 days). The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1 who had not undergone prior chemotherapy (group 1), @entity1 who relapsed more than 6 months after being treated with the prior @entity900 -based regimen (group 2), and @entity1 in whom the prior @entity900 -based regimen demonstrated no effect (group 3). The median follow-up was 42 months. RESULTS: In group 1, 20 of the 32 @entity1 (63%) showed an objective response, with 6 achieving a clinically complete response (CR) and 14 a partial response (PR) with GC. Ten of 32 @entity1 (31%) and 1 of 7 @entity1 (14%) showed objective responses in groups 2 and 3, respectively. @entity1 in group 2 who had previously been treated with regimens other than GC showed a better objective response (58%) than those with GC (15%). The median time to progression in group 1 was 6 months, and the median overall survival was 14 months. In all, the nonhematological @entity137 associated with GC were quite mild. Grade 3-4 @entity137 was primarily hematological, including @entity417 (19%), @entity1398 (36%), and @entity882 (42%). CONCLUSIONS: GC is therefore considered to be a highly effective and well-tolerated regimen with moderate @entity137 for the treatment of metastatic @entity189 .

title: Long-term results of combined chemotherapy with @entity136 and XXXX for metastatic @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas', 'UCs']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Interaction of @entity95 alveolar macrophages with @entity17143 , @entity803 and @entity14963 was studied. The use of the membrane microfiltration technique in investigation of the antibiotic absorption by the macrophages provided description of the time course of the drug interaction with the cells at its early stages. It was shown that the macrophages mainly absorbed the @entity2930 within the first 20 seconds (1 minute incubation). Later, within the period of 1-5 minutes no significant time course was observed. The medium temperature within 4-37 degrees C and the number of the cells in the system (0.1-5 minutes no significant time course was observed. The medium temperature within 4-37 degrees C and the number of the cells in the system (0.5-1 million/ml) had no effect on the parameters of the @entity2930 sorption by the macrophages. The percentage of the decrease of the @entity17143 level in the extracellular medium was stable at the drug concentration in the cells ranging within 10-50 micrograms/ml. The respective figures for @entity803 and @entity14963 were 10-100 and 10-5000 micrograms/ml. Further increasing of the concentration of the antibiotics in the incubation medium resulted in a significant lowering of the percentage of their binding. It was suggested that absorption of the @entity2930 by the cells was associated with their intracellular binding.

title: [ XXXX sorption by alveolar macrophages of @entity95 at early stages of interaction].

entities_list: @entity17143 :: ('MESH:C073333', 'Chemical') :: ['morphocycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity14963 :: ('MESH:D008690', 'Chemical') :: ['methacycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['Tetracycline']


abstract: There are two major @entity10814 , EC 3.2.1.52, isozymes in normal @entity1 tissues. They exist as active dimers of alpha- and/or beta-subunits. A defect of their beta-subunit results in @entity5357 ( @entity1051 ), an inherited, clinically heterogeneous, @entity2315 . The status of the @entity17883 gene, pre beta-polypeptide chain mRNA, and residual @entity10814 activities were examined in a clinically and ethnically diverse collection of 16 fibroblast cell lines from @entity1 with @entity5357 . Differentiation of the two major clinical types, @entity1723 , could be made by the determination of the activity of the residual @entity10814 eluting in the same pH range as hexosaminidase A. All the juvenile lines were found to have normal or reduced levels of pre beta-chain mRNA and no gross abnormalities in the @entity17883 gene. Of the 11 infantile type cell lines examined, four were found to contain no detectable pre beta-chain mRNA. Two cell lines in this group contained partial gene deletions localized to the 5' end of the @entity17883 gene. One of these cell lines has previously been assigned to the single complementation group in @entity5357 , conclusively demonstrating that the primary gene defect in the majority of Sandhoff cases is in the @entity17883 gene itself. These data suggest that each clinical group is made up of a collection of different @entity17883 mutations.

title: Molecular heterogeneity in the infantile and juvenile forms of @entity5357 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['O-variant GM2 gangliosidosis']

entities_list: @entity10814 :: ('10724', 'Gene') :: ['beta-hexosaminidase']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['Sandhoff disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['infantile and juvenile onset']

answer: @entity1051 :: (MESH:D013661,Disease) :: ['O-variant GM2 gangliosidosis']


abstract: AIM: High on- @entity1397 platelet reactivity (HCPR) and high on- @entity117 platelet reactivity (HAPR) are associated with atherothrombotic events following coronary stenting. There are, however, few data concerning high on-treatment platelet reactivity to both @entity117 and @entity1397 simultaneously. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of dual high on-treatment platelet reactivity (DAPR) and its impact on clinical outcome. METHODS: On-treatment platelet reactivity was measured in parallel by @entity857 - and @entity1426 -induced light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) (n=921) and the point-of-care VerifyNow system ( @entity3075 and @entity117 ) (n=422) in @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy undergoing elective stent implantation. HCPR and HAPR were established by receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal acute @entity583 , stent @entity715 and @entity64 at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The incidence of DAPR varied between 14.7% and 26.9% depending on the platelet function test used. DAPR, assessed by LTA and the VerifyNow system, was highly associated with an adverse clinical outcome. At 1-year follow-up the primary endpoint occurred more frequently in @entity1 with isolated HCPR (11.7%), isolated HAPR (9.6%) or DAPR (10.7%) compared with @entity1 without high on-treatment platelet reactivity (4.2%, all p<0.01) when platelet function was evaluated with LTA. Using the VerifyNow system, @entity1 exhibiting DAPR had the highest risk for the primary endpoint (17.7% vs 4.1% in @entity1 without high on-treatment platelet reactivity, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention, DAPR to @entity117 and @entity1397 is present in one in five @entity1 and is associated with a high risk for atherothrombotic events. DAPR measured by the point-of-care VerifyNow system has a higher predictability for atherothrombotic events than LTA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00352014.

title: High on-treatment platelet reactivity to both @entity117 and XXXX is associated with the highest risk of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare clinical outcomes of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) with and without patellar resurfacing using the Low Contact Stress (LCS) mobile-bearing prosthesis in 275 osteoarthritic knees (199 @entity1 ) after a minimum of 7 years of follow-up. METHODS: @entity1 were divided into a patellar retention group (132 knees) and a resurfacing group (143 knees), with median follow-up durations of 7.8 years (range, 7-8.5 years) and 8.5 years (range, 7-10.6 years), respectively. The demographics of the two groups were otherwise matched. The patelloplasty was performed for patellar retention. @entity1 were evaluated by a blinded, independent observer using Feller's patellar score, the Knee Society score, @entity1 satisfaction, patellar tilt, and lateral displacement. RESULTS: Patellar resurfacing was not superior to retention with respect to any of the measured variables. Eight knees (6.1%) without and 6 (4.2%) with patellar resurfacing had anterior knee @entity158 related to the patellofemoral joint (n.s.). The reoperation rate related to the patellofemoral joint was 0.8% (n = 1) in the retention group compared with 2.8% (n = 4) in the resurfacing group (n.s.). In the 35 @entity1 who underwent bilateral @entity348 with patellar resurfacing on only one side, there were no significant differences between the two sides in subjective preference, clinical scores, or functional ability. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity348 with the LCS mobile-bearing prosthesis showed no significant difference between the two groups after a minimum of 7 years of follow-up. The findings in this study suggest that patellar retention with a patelloplasty may be viable as a routine procedure, even in knees with advanced patellofemoral @entity625 , if soft tissue balancing and a patella-friendly prosthetic design are properly used. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, retrospective, comparative study, Level III.

title: Comparison of patellar retention versus resurfacing in LCS mobile-bearing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the general population, @entity28 is associated with an increased risk of all-cause @entity204 . However, the importance of @entity28 in @entity1 with established @entity301 is less well defined. METHODS: As part of the Determinants of @entity583 Onset Study, we performed a prospective cohort study of 1898 @entity1 hospitalized with confirmed @entity583 between 1989 and 1994, with a median follow-up of 3.8 years. We assessed all-cause @entity204 through December 1995, using the National Death Index. We categorized @entity1 according to WHO criteria for body mass index (BMI). We compared long-term @entity204 according to BMI (kg/m2) by using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of the 1898 eligible @entity1 , 607 (32%) were normal weight (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), 832 (44%) were overweight (25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), 331 (17%) were class I @entity28 (30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2), and 128 (7%) were class II or more @entity28 (> or =35.0 kg/m2). A total of 311 @entity1 died during follow-up. After adjustment for potentially confounding risk factors and excluding @entity1 with noncardiac comorbidity, the risk for @entity204 appeared to increase linearly, with increasing BMI across all categories (P for trend =.08). The relative risk of @entity204 in all @entity28 @entity1 (> or =30 kg/m2) was 1.46, compared with those with normal weight (95% CI, 0.98 to 2.17). CONCLUSIONS: We found that BMI appeared to have a positive, graded relation with post- @entity583 @entity204 . Whether @entity353 and secondary prevention strategies would reverse this effect in @entity28 population remains to be seen.

title: @entity28 and the risk of @entity204 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The records of 80 @entity1 at this institution diagnosed as having @entity4115 during a 5-year period were examined to establish the characteristics and peculiarities, if any, of the disease in Nigeria. There were 74 suitable cases. Similar symptoms and physical signs were identified in Nigeria as have occurred elsewhere. However, contrary to reports from Europe and America the majority (57 per cent) of the @entity1 with @entity4115 in this study were 20 or more years old. Also, torsion occurred significantly more often (9 per cent) in @entity1 30 or more years old than has been reported in other areas. Only 5 per cent of the @entity1 were less than 10 years old. There is no ready explanation why @entity4115 becomes manifest during adulthood in Nigeria. The testes were explored in 73 cases. Of the testes 25 per cent could not be salvaged because of @entity1188 with acute torsion. However, the immediate testicular salvage rate of 75 per cent does not necessarily ensure long-term normal exocrine and endocrine testicular function.

title: XXXX : Nigerian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['Testicular torsion']