abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity7592 seldom occurs, we present our results of @entity1346 oil tamponade for associated @entity1713 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen eyes from 13 @entity1 undergoing retinal reattachment surgery for @entity1713 associated with @entity7592 in a consecutive series between January 1988 and June 1995 were followed up. @entity1 were 25 to 56 years of age. Four @entity1 had @entity791 ( @entity791 ). Five eyes that were operated on with cryopexy and scleral buckling received vitrectomy, membrane peeling, silicone oil tamponade and endolaser treatment in a second operation. Eight eyes were primarily operated on with cryopexy, encircling buckle, vitrectomy with membrane peeling, silicone oil tamponade and endolaser treatment. All @entity1 were treated with @entity1033 . RESULTS: Postoperative complete reattachment was observed in 12 eyes and persistence of a @entity1897 in one eye. Vision improved in eight eyes, but only five eyes achieved 20/200 or better vision. Limited functional results in our series were caused by @entity2479 , @entity1952 and macula scars. After a median of 9.3 months silicone oil was removed in nine eyes. No @entity2479 or recurrent @entity2479 was observed during a follow-up time of at least 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade allowed all cases of @entity1713 associated with @entity7592 to be successfully repaired. Further studies must be conducted to find out how we can improve the visual outcome-perhaps by earlier therapy with @entity1033 or earlier vitrectomy.

title: [ XXXX . Silicon oil tamponade in @entity1713 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis', 'retinal redetachment', 'retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral detachment']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['retinal necrosis syndrome', 'acute retinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity7592 :: (MESH:D015882,Disease) :: ['Acute retinal necrosis']


abstract: We describe the clinical course of a group of @entity1 with @entity991 who at presentation were diagnosed to have @entity775 . The history of one such @entity1 is described in detail. We also compare this atypical @entity991 (group I) to typical @entity991 (group II) and to @entity775 with (group III) and without (group IV) @entity1448 . At presentation, mean @entity6571 in groups I and III was similar and significantly higher than in group II (P < 0.05). Mean @entity731 was higher in @entity991 than in @entity775 but not significantly so. Triaditis was present in all @entity1 in groups I, III, and IV. @entity39 and @entity891 / @entity82 were equally frequent in groups I, III, and IV. Only the response to corticosteroids helped differentiate among groups. Groups III and IV responded by normalizing @entity6571 . In group I, @entity6571 improved, but never became normal. As @entity731 became disproportionately abnormal ( @entity731 -predominant pattern), cholangiography was performed, and the diagnosis of @entity991 was made in all group I @entity1 . We recommend that cholangiography be performed early in @entity1 with suspected @entity775 who partially respond to @entity288 and develop an @entity731 -predominant pattern.

title: An atypical presentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Piecemeal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['multilobular collapse']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: In several anterior pituitary hormone systems, factors that stimulate hormone release also stimulate hormone biosynthesis. In the corticotropes of the anterior pituitary, @entity3318 stimulates ACTH release as well as @entity268 accumulation and transcription of the @entity9210 gene. @entity5463 (AVP) is a well documented coregulator of ACTH release and potentiates @entity3318 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation. The present studies were undertaken to determine if AVP also potentiates the early effects of @entity3318 on @entity9210 gene expression in @entity35 anterior pituitary primary cultures. We have measured the levels of the @entity9210 primary transcript, processing intermediate, and mature mRNA in nuclear RNA samples and @entity9210 mRNA in cytoplasmic RNA samples as well as ACTH release after treatment with @entity3318 and/or AVP. After a 30-min treatment with 0.5 nM @entity3318 , @entity9210 primary transcript levels were increased by 200-400%. Thirty-minute or 1-h treatments with @entity1831 alone (10 or 100 nM) did not affect primary transcript levels, but increased the amount of the processing intermediate, while a 2-h incubation with 100 nM AVP significantly decreased @entity9210 primary transcript levels. The effects of @entity3318 on the @entity9210 primary transcript and nuclear processing intermediate were not potentiated by cotreatment with AVP, although a potentiation of @entity3318 -stimulated ACTH release was observed. @entity9210 nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA levels were not affected by these 2-h or less treatments, while an 18-h incubation with 0.5 nM @entity3318 alone or in combination with 100 nM AVP increased @entity9210 cytoplasmic mRNA levels to about 140% of vehicle-treated control values. When a 1-h AVP treatment (100 nM) preceded presentation of @entity3318 , we observed an attenuation of the stimulation of @entity9210 primary transcript and processing intermediate levels by the 1-h @entity3318 treatment. The effects of @entity3318 on @entity9210 primary transcript and processing intermediate levels in these experiments are consistent with a @entity3318 -induced increase in @entity9210 gene transcription. Our findings that AVP decreased primary transcript levels and attenuated the effects of @entity3318 on this end point suggest that: 1) AVP clearly does not act in a synergistic manner with @entity3318 to stimulate @entity9210 gene expression; and 2) AVP possibly affects RNA stability and/or processing.

title: Modulation of basal and corticotropin-releasing factor-stimulated proopiomelanocortin gene expression by vasopressin in XXXX anterior pituitary.

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The plasma level of @entity2002 is felt to be an independent risk factor for vascular events. @entity27 ( @entity27 ) has a high prevalence in @entity1 with @entity64 and may also be an independent risk factor. The aim of our study was to determine the association between @entity27 and plasma levels of @entity2002 in @entity1 with @entity64 . Polysomnography was performed during neurological rehabilitation in 113 @entity1 (82 @entity1 , 31 @entity1 , age 58 +/- 11.1 yr, mean +/- SD) with @entity385 . @entity27 was absent ( @entity1576 < 5) in 44 @entity1 , 42 had mild @entity27 (5 < or = @entity1576 < 20), and 27 had moderate to severe @entity27 ( @entity1576 > or = 20). Parameters of @entity27 ( @entity1576 [ @entity1576 ], @entity26 indices) were correlated to plasma levels of @entity2002 , measured in the morning after admission to rehabilitation. @entity2002 was positively correlated with @entity1576 (r = 0.24, p = 0.007), duration of the longest @entity386 (r = 0.18, p = 0.049), and negatively correlated with several @entity26 indices including average minimal @entity26 saturation (r = -0.41, p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients were slightly higher when excluding @entity1 with @entity64 of presumed cardiac origin. Multiple linear regression identified minimal mean @entity26 saturation and sex as independent predictors of @entity2002 level. The correlation between severity of coexisting @entity27 and @entity2002 level in @entity1 with @entity64 suggests a possible pathophysiological mechanism for an increased risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: @entity2002 levels and @entity27 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RDI', 'respiratory disturbance index']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Intra-abdominal @entity548 is still one of the most serious complications after pancreato-biliary surgery. We retrospectively analyzed our experiences with 15 @entity1 in order to establish a therapeutic strategy for postoperative @entity548 following pancreato-biliary surgery. METHODS: Between August 1981 and November 2007, 15 @entity1 developed massive @entity548 after pancreato-biliary surgery. The initial surgery of these 15 @entity1 were pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) (7 @entity1 ), hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection or PPPD (4 @entity1 ), Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) (3 @entity1 ), and total pancreatectomy (1 @entity1 ). Twelve @entity1 were managed by transcatheter @entity1416 and three @entity1 underwent re-laparotomy. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the site of @entity548 : @entity11280 group, superior mesenteric artery (4 @entity1 ); HA group, stump of @entity432 , right hepatic @entity99 (11 @entity1 ). In the @entity11280 group, re-laparotomy and coil embolization for @entity2849 were performed in three and one @entity1 , respectively, but none of the @entity1 survived. In the HA group, all 11 @entity1 were managed by transcatheter @entity1416 . None of four @entity1 who had major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection survived. Six of seven @entity1 (85.7%) who had pancreatectomy survived, although @entity99 occurred in four. CONCLUSIONS: Management of postoperative @entity548 after pancreato-biliary surgery should be done according to the site of @entity548 and the initial operative procedure. Careful consideration is required for indication of interventional radiology for @entity548 from @entity11280 after @entity99 after major hepatectomy with bilioenteric @entity254 .

title: Management of postoperative XXXX after pancreato-biliary surgery according to the site of @entity548 : re-laparotomy or interventional radiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal arterial bleeding', 'bleeding', 'arterial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal artery']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic infarction', 'artery, common hepatic artery, or proper hepatic artery', 'pancreatectomy and hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['arterial hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity5003 ( @entity5003 ) greatly induces osteoclast formation and stimulates bone resorption of @entity19 calvaria in culture. In the presence of soluble @entity777 receptor (sIL-6R), @entity777 similarly induces osteoclast formation, but the potency of @entity777 in inducing bone resorption in organ culture is weaker than that of @entity5003 . To study the differences in bone-resorbing activity between @entity5003 and @entity777 , we examined the effects of the two cytokines on the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In @entity19 calvarial cultures, @entity5003 markedly enhanced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5782 (collagenase 3), @entity5780 ( @entity5780 ), @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), and @entity18238 (stromelysin 1), which associated with increases in bone matrix degradation. A hydroxamate inhibitor of MMPs significantly suppressed bone-resorbing activity induced by @entity5003 . Gelatin zymography showed that both pro- and active-forms of @entity5780 and @entity1235 were detected in the conditioned medium collected from calvarial cultures, and @entity5003 markedly stimulated both pro- and active-forms of the two gelatinases. @entity777 with sIL-6R also stimulated mRNA expression and biological activities of these MMPs, but the potency was much weaker than that of @entity5003 . Conditioned medium collected from @entity5003 -treated calvariae degraded native type I collagen, but 3/4- and 1/4-length collagen fragments were not detected, suggesting that both collagenases and gelatinases synergistically degraded type I collagen into smaller fragments. In @entity19 osteoblastic cells, the expression ofMMP-2, @entity18238 , and @entity5782 mRNAs could be detected, and they were markedly enhanced by @entity634 on days 2 and 5. @entity777 with sIL-6R also induced expression of @entity5782 and @entity5780 mRNAs on day 2, but the expression was rather transient. These results demonstrate that the potency of induction of MMPs by @entity5003 and @entity777 is closely linked to the respective bone-resorbing activity, suggesting that MMP-dependent degradation of bone matrix plays a key role in bone resorption induced by these cytokines.

title: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, -9, and -13) by interleukin-1 and @entity777 in XXXX calvaria: association of MMP induction with bone resorption.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the healthcare usage, direct healthcare costs and predictors of cost in primary @entity244 ( @entity244 ) in the UK and to compare the findings with the data from healthy control groups and @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 129 @entity1 with @entity244 (American-European criteria), 91 with @entity309 and 92 controls, were included in the study. All groups were age-matched females and all completed questionnaires on health status (SF-36) and healthcare utilization (economic component of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire). Annual direct healthcare costs were calculated (and expressed in 2004 UK pound sterling) and predictors of costs for each @entity1 group were determined by regression analyses. Age, health status, disease duration and anti-Ro/La antibody positivity were used as potential predictor variables. RESULTS: Mean age was similar in the @entity244 (59.2 yrs, S.D. 11.6), @entity309 (60.3 yrs, S.D. 10.5) and control groups (57.7 yrs, S.D. 12.5). The mean disease duration was 5.4 yrs (S.D. 4.8) in the @entity244 group and 13.4 yrs (S.D. 11.4) in the @entity309 group. The mean annual total direct cost per @entity1 [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 2188 pounds sterling (1831 and 2546 pounds sterling) in the @entity244 group, 2693 pounds sterling(2069 and 3428 pounds sterling) in the @entity309 group and 949 pounds sterling (741 and 1156 pounds sterling) in the control group. The costs in the @entity244 group were greater than for the @entity309 and control groups for visits to all healthcare professionals (total) as well as visits to the dentist, dental hospital and ophthalmologist. The costs in the @entity244 and @entity309 groups were higher than in controls for diagnostic tests and visits to hospital and the accident and emergency (A_E) department. The @entity244 group also incurred higher costs than controls, but lower costs than the @entity309 group, for visits to a rheumatologist, urine and blood tests, assistive devices and drug therapy. Regression analysis identified the SF-36 physical function subscale as the best predictor of costs in @entity244 @entity1 as well as controls and the mental health subscale in @entity309 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate direct healthcare costs in @entity1 with @entity244 . @entity244 has a significant impact on the healthcare system, similar to that of @entity309 , by more than doubling costs compared with control @entity1 .

title: Direct healthcare costs and predictors of costs in XXXX with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'PSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Effects of exogenous and endogenous @entity1063 , released by @entity6114 and lower body negative pressure (LBNP), on vascular post-synaptic alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors have been compared in healthy volunteers. Intra-arterial (i.a.) infusions of @entity1063 and @entity6114 into the forearm were given in the presence of saline, of @entity3160 and of @entity16427 , and changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured. Lower body negative pressure of -40 mmHg was applied without and with a continuous i.a. infusion of @entity3160 and of @entity16427 , and changes in FBF in both forearms were compared. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. @entity1063 and @entity6114 reduced FBF dose-dependently and to the same extent. Both these vasoconstrictions were significantly reduced by @entity3160 (P < 0.001 for both) as well as by @entity16427 (P < 0.05 for @entity1063 and P < 0.001 for @entity6114 ). The @entity6114 -induced vasoconstriction was more effectively reduced by @entity16427 , whereas @entity3160 reduced the @entity1063 -induced vasoconstriction more effectively. Lower body negative pressure reduced FBF in both forearms to the same extent. @entity16427 effectively inhibited the LBNP induced decrease in FBF (P < 0.05) whereas @entity3160 had no effect (P > 0.05). These results are in accordance with a predominant intrasynaptic location of post-synaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors and a predominant extrasynaptic location of post-synaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in @entity1 blood vessels.

title: Differences between exogenous and endogenous XXXX in the effects on vascular post-synaptic alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: AIMS: To improve solar water disinfection using a photocatalysing semi-conductor and to study the mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cells of @entity526 were used as the microbiological indicator to study the possibility of improving the efficiency of solar water disinfection using @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) as a photooxidizing semi-conductor. @entity3759 was used either as a suspended powder or in an immobilized form. Both applications improved the efficiency of solar disinfection. @entity3759 in suspension was more effective than the immobilized form, producing enhancement factors of 1.62 and 1.34, respectively. The concentration of @entity3759 greatly affected efficiency, with a maximum effect at 1 mg ml(-1). Higher @entity3759 concentrations reduced the efficiency. @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) and @entity8488 ( @entity2569 ), @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 ) scavengers, were used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the presence of @entity3759 . Both @entity3733 and @entity2569 totally abolished the enhancing effect produced by the presence of @entity3759 . CONCLUSIONS: Sunlight has a potential water disinfecting capacity. The use of @entity3759 greatly improved this efficiency. The effect of @entity3759 was mainly concentration-dependent, giving maximum efficiency at 1 mg ml(-1). The presence of @entity3733 and @entity2569 removed the @entity3759 -induced enhancement, indicating that @entity2145 . may be involved in the process of cell killing. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The efficiency of solar disinfection is limited and time-consuming and needs to be improved. The use of a semi-conductor is promising as it reduces the time of exposure and therefore increases the efficiency of solar disinfection. This would allow for the availability of good quality water, and hence would improve the quality of life.

title: Enhancement of solar inactivation of @entity526 by XXXX photocatalytic oxidation.

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['DMSO', 'Dimethyl sulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: Between 1961 and 1989, 19 @entity1 with @entity1700 underwent surgical correction. Ages ranged from 18 to 38 years (mean 26.2 +/- 6.5 years). The anatomic variants included 10 @entity1 with @entity1700 to the vertical vein, 6 @entity1 with @entity1700 to the coronary sinus, and 2 with @entity1700 directly to the right atrium. The last @entity1 had mixed connection to the coronary sinus and left vertical vein. Two @entity1 died, one because of left @entity397 and another of @entity998 . Long-term follow-up after surgical repair ranged from 2 to 24 years (mean 7 +/- 6.2 standard deviation). Preoperative disability, assessed according to New York Heart Association criteria, showed 12 @entity1 in functional class II and seven in class III. After treatment, 16 @entity1 were in class I and one in class II (p less than 0.001). Echocardiographic evaluation of six @entity1 revealed in all a normal left ventricular ejection fraction; the diastolic function was also normal except in one @entity1 . The postoperative evaluation of the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure performed by both Doppler echocardiography and right cardiac catheterization in 14 @entity1 showed a significant reduction of the mean pulmonary arterial systolic pressure from 51.1 +/- 3.4 to 37.4 +/- 14.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The remaining three @entity1 evaluated in the follow-up period only by clinical examination are in New York Heart Association functional class I. The anatomic characteristics of our @entity1 were responsible for the long-term outcome without correction. Surgical treatment of older @entity1 can be performed with satisfactory results and excellent long-term survival.

title: XXXX in adults. Long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['atrial rupture']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: @entity7726 ( @entity3874 ) and its metabolite @entity8641 ( @entity8642 ) inhibit mitogen-induced proliferative response in liver and @entity694 cells. @entity3874 and @entity8642 are also proapoptotic in @entity96 cells by selectively inducing @entity1836 (S) expression. The aims of this work were to assess whether these agents are proapoptotic in @entity694 cells, and if so, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We found that both @entity3874 and @entity8642 are proapoptotic in HT-29 and RKO cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gene microarray uncovered down-regulation of @entity1182 ( @entity1182 ). @entity3874 and @entity8642 treatment led to a decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of both the long and short @entity1182 isoforms. This required de novo RNA synthesis and was associated with activation of procaspase-8, @entity5353 cleavage, and release of @entity4674 from the mitochondria. Inhibiting @entity8186 activity or overexpression of @entity1182 protected against apoptosis, whereas supplementing with @entity4663 did not. @entity3874 and @entity8642 treatment sensitized RKO cells to @entity5 necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Although @entity3874 and @entity8642 are proapoptotic in @entity694 cells, they have no toxic effects in NCM460 cells, a normal colon epithelial cell line. In contrast to @entity96 cells, @entity3874 and @entity8642 had no effect on @entity1836 (S) expression in @entity694 cells. In conclusion, @entity3874 and @entity8642 are proapoptotic in @entity694 cells but not normal colon epithelial cells. One molecular mechanism identified is the inhibition of @entity1182 expression. @entity3874 and @entity8642 may be attractive agents in the chemoprevention and treatment of @entity694 .

title: @entity7726 and methylthioadenosine inhibit XXXX expression and induce apoptosis in @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity1182 :: ('8837', 'Gene') :: ['cellular FLICE inhibitory protein', 'cFLIP']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-Adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity8641 :: ('MESH:C008500', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-methylthioadenosine"]

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['cellular FLICE inhibitory protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale is a measure widely used to assess the outcome of @entity1 with @entity161 . However, little is known about the importance of clinical and psychosocial variables in determining its final score. The aim of this paper is to identify which factors predict GAF scores of @entity1 with @entity161 and their variability in 5 different European settings. METHOD: A representative sample of 404 @entity1 with @entity161 was assessed with the GAF. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of the GAF scores. RESULTS: Clinical factors are the main determinants of GAF score. However, the analysis also showed that social and functioning factors were also significantly associated with GAF scores. Finally, the study showed the presence of intercenter differences in the factors, mainly in social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The GAF is a useful and easy-to-apply measure of global functioning, independent of cross-cultural differences. Clinical factors are the main determinants of its score, although social functioning variables also have a lesser effect.

title: Main determinants of Global Assessment of Functioning score in XXXX : a European multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the coexistence of microhemorrhages (MHs) in white @entity1 with @entity548 (IPH) and acute @entity385 and to study the association with imaging findings of @entity455 and various clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Before examinations, informed consents were signed by either the @entity1 or a relative. The study was carried out with the approval of the local ethics committee. MR imaging was performed in 90 @entity1 with @entity64 : 45 with acute spontaneous IPHs (24 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 ; median age, 65 and 68 years, respectively) and 45 age-matched control subjects without @entity932 (26 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ; median age for both, 67 years), as determined at computed tomography. MR imaging included transverse T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo, transverse fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, transverse and coronal T2*-weighted gradient-echo, and, in 50 @entity1 , diffusion-weighted sequences. Presence of MHs and signs of @entity455 , such as T2 hyperintensities or lacunae, were recorded in the white and deep gray matter. The relationships between @entity8176 and IPH and between @entity8176 and T2 hyperintensities were analyzed by means of regression analysis. Different clinical features, such as arterial @entity101 or @entity6 , were registered and correlated with the image findings by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: MHs were found in 64% of @entity1 with IPH (29 of 45) and 18% of control subjects (eight of 45). A statistically significant relationship between @entity8176 and IPH was determined (P < .001). Among the 29 @entity1 with IPH and @entity8176 , 24 (83%) had T2 hyperintensities and 13 (45%) had lacunae; among the 16 @entity1 without @entity8176 , seven (44%) had T2 hyperintensities and three (19%) had lacunae. A relationship between @entity8176 and occurrence and extent of T2 hyperintensities was also identified (P < .001). There was no clear relationship with the clinical data studied. CONCLUSION: The results support a correlation between the presence of imaging signs of @entity455 , clinically silent MHs, and acute IPHs.

title: Coexistence of microhemorrhages and acute spontaneous @entity932 : correlation with signs of XXXX and clinical data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral microangiopathy', 'microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['microangiopathy']


abstract: The effect of prolonged topical dermal glucocorticosteroid treatment on the immediate and late-phase allergic skin reaction was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Seventeen @entity1 with hay @entity221 and with a positive skin test for timothy and/or birch pollen allergens were studied in a pollen-free season. Skin prick tests for these two allergens as well as a negative saline and a positive @entity112 control were made with a preloaded standardized prick test needle. The area of the induced wheal-and-flare reaction was measured 15 minutes after allergen application, and any induced late-phase responses were measured after 6 hours. After a baseline recording, the @entity1 treated the volar aspect of one forearm twice daily with a cream of 0.05% @entity6914 and the other forearm with the equivalent vehicle in a randomized, double-blind fashion. After 1 week the skin prick test was repeated on both arms. A statistically significant reduction of the allergen-induced wheal-and-flare response was found after active treatment as compared to control and pretreatment values. A reduction was also found in the @entity112 -induced flare but not the wheal reaction as compared to the control. A late-phase dermal reaction was found in six of the @entity1 , and this was statistically significantly reduced by the glucocorticosteroid pretreatment. Thus, in similarity to findings in vivo on the @entity1 nose and bronchus, we found, in addition to the well-known glucocorticosteroid-induced reduction of the allergic late-phase response, an inhibition of the dermal immediate @entity56 as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibition of the dermal immediate XXXX through prolonged treatment with topical glucocorticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol 17-propionate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reaction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate neoadjuvant therapy with weekly @entity1311 / @entity3003 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) with conformal radiotherapy in a phase II trial in resectable @entity418 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with T2-4N0-1M0-1a @entity418 were treated with @entity1311 45 mg/m(2) intravenously over 1 hour and @entity3003 at an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 2 intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29. @entity1487 225 mg/m(2) was delivered as a continuous infusion on days 1-33. Concurrent conformal radiation was delivered to a dose of 45 Gy. Responders underwent surgical resection within 8 weeks of completing chemoradiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test of survival dependent on pathologic response were performed. RESULTS: Progressive disease was discovered at surgery in three @entity1 . Of the remaining 21 @entity1 , pathologic complete response (pCR) was demonstrated in 12 (pCR rate of 57%) and partial response (PR) occurred in 9, including 4 with near complete response. Median follow-up in all @entity1 was 23 months. Overall survival among all 24 @entity1 was 48% at 3 years, with a median of 31 months. Disease-free survival was 57% at 3 years, with a median of 38 months. Differences in survival time based on pCR vs. PR showed a trend favoring pCR for disease-free survival (P = .12) but not overall survival (P > .20). Grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity2910 in 33% of @entity1 , @entity551 in 29%, @entity3136 in 25%, @entity1398 in 13%, and @entity417 in 8%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of neoadjuvant @entity1311 , @entity3003 , @entity1487 , and conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of localized @entity418 . Evaluation with a larger number of @entity1 and longer follow-up will be required to definitively assess the long-term efficacy of this regimen.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for XXXX using weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 plus infusional @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine consumption rates and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations (as a marker of safety) among schoolchildren (3-6 years) provided with daily and weekly micronutrients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Micronutrients were provided for one school term (13 weeks) to a kindergarten in northern China as single-dose Sprinkles sachets containing 30 mg of @entity68 as encapsulated @entity33982 , 5 mg @entity12742 , 50 mg @entity620 , 300 microg @entity904 , 7.5 microg @entity3875 and 150 microg @entity1501 . Sixteen classrooms were randomly assigned to: (1) daily supplements for 5 days a week (daily group); (2) weekly supplements (weekly group); or (3) no supplements (control group). Consumption of sachets was monitored for each @entity1 and SF concentrations were measured at the end of study. Random effects general linear models and graphs were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: A total of 415 @entity1 from 16 classrooms entered the study. At the end of the study, mean consumption rates per @entity1 were 86% (daily group; standard deviation (SD) 12%) and 87% (weekly group; SD 16%). Median SF concentrations were 71 microg l(-1) (range 27-292 microg l(-1); daily group), 55 microg l(-1) (range 11-299 microg l(-1); weekly group) and 54 microg l(-1) (range 7-327 microg l(-1); control group); the overall difference was not significant (P=0.06). However, the daily group was significantly different from the control (P=0.02); daily and weekly groups had higher SF at lower percentiles and similar SF at higher percentiles compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The high consumption rates and appropriate SF concentrations in the supplemented groups suggest that a short-term school programme with Sprinkles is an efficient and safe way to provide micronutrients (including @entity68 ).

title: Short-term daily or weekly administration of micronutrient Sprinkles has high compliance and does not cause XXXX overload in Chinese schoolchildren: a cluster-randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc gluconate']

entities_list: @entity33982 :: ('MESH:C031621', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous fumarate']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 have lower longevity than the general population as a consequence of a combination of risk factors connected to the disease, lifestyle and the use of medications, which are related to @entity1017 . METHODS: A multicentric, randomized, controlled-trial was conducted to test the efficacy of a 12-week group Lifestyle Wellness Program (LWP). The program consists of a one-hour weekly session to discuss topics like dietary choices, lifestyle, physical activity and self-esteem with @entity1 and their relatives. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: standard care (SC) and standard care plus intervention (LWP). Primary outcome was defined as the weight and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: 160 @entity1 participated in the study (81 in the intervention group and 79 in the SC group). On an intent to treat analysis, after three months the @entity1 in the intervention group presented a decrease of 0.48 kg (CI 95% -0.65 to 1.13) while the standard care group showed an increase of 0.48 kg (CI 95% 0.13 to 0.83; p=0.055). At six-month follow-up, there was a significant weight decrease of -1.15 kg, (CI 95% -2.11 to 0.19) in the intervention group compared to a weight increase in the standard care group (+0.5 kg, CI 95% -0.42-1.42, p=0.017). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this was a multicentric randomized clinical trial with a lifestyle intervention for individuals with @entity161 , where the intervention group maintained weight and presented a tendency to decrease weight after 6 months. It is reasonable to suppose that lifestyle interventions may be important long-term strategies to avoid the tendency of these individuals to increase weight.

title: A 6-month randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for XXXX management in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Violence in a society can be categorized into many areas such as interpersonal violence, domestic violence, violence against @entity1 , violence of @entity1 rights, violence due to wars etc. The most extreme form of violence is killing of another @entity1 . To study whether the underlying reasons (motives) for killing has a relationship to the methods employed for killing. A retrospective descriptive study based on autopsy reports, magistrate orders and case notes attached was carried out on all the cases examined at the office of the JMO Colombo and Ragama from July 2005 to June 2006. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package. Out of 265 autopsy examinations alleged to be homicides, 39% of deaths were related to terrorist acts while previous enmity was recorded in 35% of cases. The commonest method of homicide was firearms (31%) while explosives recorded the second highest (28%). Blunt force and sharp force @entity130 were the reasons for 23% and 14% of homicides respectively. Almost all the deaths related to war was caused by firearms and bombs (96%) where as 47% of previous enmity deaths were caused by firearms. Firearms were never used in homicides of sudden provocation or drunken brawls. The increased use of firearms was not only seen in terrorism related homicides, but also in homicides related to previous enmity. Further research is needed in this area as to why it occurs despite having a tight firearm policy in @entity3595 Lanka.

title: Extreme violence--homicide; an analysis of 265 cases from the offices of JMO Colombo and Ragama--a study from XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the Orange County @entity130 system's nine-year (July 1980 through June 1989) experience with @entity1 triage. Changes in patterns were sought after the 1983 revisions in triage criteria. DESIGN: A nine-year retrospective analysis of trends in @entity130 @entity1 triage in Orange County. A pre-analysis and postanalysis to discern changes in trends after a July 1983 revision in triage criteria was conducted. SETTING: Orange County, California, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Agency, serving an urban population of more than 2 million. Orange County EMS responds to about 90,000 calls annually, 3,500 of which are for @entity130 @entity1 . Twenty-eight nontrauma and neurosurgical paramedic receiving centers and four paramedic @entity130 receiving centers served the community during the study period. TYPE OF @entity1 : All @entity1 triaged to Orange County @entity130 centers between July 1980 and June 1989. Single @entity16 @entity1 were triaged to neurosurgical receiving centers and are not included. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Logarithmic regression analysis showed a 386% increase in the number of @entity130 @entity1 triaged to @entity130 centers. The number of more seriously injured @entity1 , as estimated by length of hospital stay of more than four days; Injury Severity Score of more than 15; fatality; or @entity1 requiring surgery within six hours for @entity130 to the chest, abdomen, central nervous system, and/or major vessel, also increased. The rates of increase were more than those of the population (15%) for the Injury Severity Score of more than 15 group (79%) and the length of stay of more than four days group (108%), but lower for the fatality group (11%) and the early surgery group (7%). Because traffic and motor vehicle accidents comprise 70% to 80% of all @entity130 , a separate analysis was conducted for these cases, using numbers of miles traveled as a basis for analysis. The analysis revealed a significant (alpha = .05) increase in over-triage rate, from 43% in 1981 to 74% in 1988, for motor vehicle accident @entity1 . No changes in trends were found in the pre-analysis and postanalysis. Changes in trends occurred in 1986. CONCLUSION: The growth rate for the total @entity130 population exceeds that for overall county population growth. These results suggest overtriage. No changes in trends were found after the 1983 revisions in triage criteria. Changes in trends were found in 1986 after the revisions in the Injury Severity Score scoring system.

title: XXXX triage: a nine-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) is overexpressed in @entity5 , including @entity788 , compared with normal tissue. Moreover, @entity10185 is considered one of the biomarkers for the diagnosis of @entity5 . In several @entity1 @entity5 , the claudin tight junction molecules are abnormally regulated and are thus promising molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy with @entity3168 enterotoxin (CPE). In order to investigate the changes of tight junction functions of claudins via @entity10185 activation in @entity788 cells, the well-differentiated @entity1 @entity788 cell line HPAC, with its highly expressed tight junction molecules and well-developed barrier function, was treated with the PKC activator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). Treatment with @entity865 modified the activity of phosphoPKCa and caused an increase of the @entity4245 family members @entity4245 , @entity19099 and @entity18436 and a decrease of @entity5962 . In @entity1 cells treated with @entity865 , downregulation of @entity3670 and mislocalization of @entity17290 and @entity11177 around the nuclei were observed, together with a decrease in the numbers of tight junction strands and an increase in phosphorylation of @entity17290 . The barrier function and the @entity137 of CPE were significantly decreased on @entity865 treatment. All such changes after @entity865 treatment were prevented by inhibitors of panPKC and @entity10185 . These findings suggest that, in @entity1 @entity788 cells, @entity10185 activation downregulates tight junction functions as a barrier and as a receptor of CPE via the modification of @entity24177 during epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like changes. @entity10185 inhibitors might represent potential therapeutic agents against @entity1 @entity788 cells by use of CPE @entity137 via @entity17290 .

title: Protein kinase Ca inhibitor enhances the sensitivity of @entity1 @entity788 @entity1 cells to XXXX enterotoxin via @entity17290 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity18436 :: ('9839', 'Gene') :: ['Smad-interacting protein 1']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: Insulin resistance is known to be closely related to essential @entity101 . It has been hypothesized that abnormal @entity460 homeostasis both at the cellular level and in the whole body plays a substantial role in @entity101 associated with insulin resistance. We attempted to determine the relationships among @entity1720 , blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and @entity460 -related parameters in young, lean, normotensive male subjects with extreme susceptibilities to @entity101 , and to investigate the effects of euglycemic @entity3190 on @entity460 -related parameters. Seven young, lean, normotensive male subjects with family histories of essential @entity101 and 10 age-matched controls without any parental cardiovascular events were enrolled. Insulin sensitivity measurement by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique and a 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test were performed. @entity460 -related parameters, including intracellular @entity141 levels in platelets, were measured simultaneously. Diastolic BP was inversely correlated with @entity1720 in vivo (M-value). Insulin sensitivity was inversely correlated with BMI and with intracellular @entity141 in platelets. In the multivariate stepwise regression analysis using both diastolic @entity551 as dependent variables, BMI was found to be a determinant independent variable. Euglycemic @entity3190 decreased intact parathyroid hormone levels and increased fractional excretion of @entity460 . In conclusion, BMI rather than a family history of @entity101 plays a determinant role on the regulation of diastolic @entity551 even in young, lean, normotensive male subjects with extreme predispositions for the development of @entity101 . @entity3190 decreased intact parathyroid hormone levels and increased fractional excretion of @entity460 .

title: Insulin sensitivity and XXXX homeostasis in young, lean, normotensive male subjects.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP and insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity2287 chelates are mainly eliminated by the kidney, there is limited information about their effects. The renal tolerance of these compounds on renal function in an in vivo @entity35 model are evaluated. METHODS: A combination of @entity8 and intrarenal iodinated contrast agent infusion ( @entity4946 ) led to a reproducible and reversible model of @entity810 (n = 5). Using this model, the renal tolerance of @entity14999 ( @entity14999 ) (n = 10) and @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) (n = 10) were evaluated. The effects of the association of @entity14999 with @entity4946 (n = 5) on renal function also were assessed. RESULTS: @entity14999 induced no change in serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance. @entity7241 induced a significant increase in serum @entity1011 (50 to 83 +/- 5 and 70 +/- 6 mumol/L) before and at 24 and 48 hours, respectively (P < .05), and a decrease in @entity1011 clearance from 1.6 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.1; 1.2 +/- 0.1 mL/mL before and at 24 and 48 hours, respectively (P < .05). In this model, @entity14999 did not modify the renal tolerance of @entity4946 as assessed with serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14999 is not nephrotoxic and can be infused in association with iodinated contrast media. In this model, @entity7241 induced reversible @entity177 .

title: Renal tolerance of @entity14999 and @entity7241 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium DTPA', 'gadolinium DTPA', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity14999 :: ('MESH:C050823', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium DOTA', 'gadolinium DOTA', 'Gd-DOTA']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We describe an original anterior transcervical-thoracic approach required for a safe exposure and radical resection of @entity1149 that has invaded the cervical structures of the thoracic inlet. Through a large L-shaped anterior cervical incision, after the removal of the internal half of the clavicle, the following steps may be performed: (1) dissection or resection of the subclavian vein; (2) section of the anterior scalenus muscle and resection of the cervical portion of the phrenic nerve, if invaded; (3) exposure of the subclavian and vertebral arteries; (4) dissection of the brachial plexus up to the spinal foramen; (5) section of invaded ribs; and (6) en bloc removal of chest wall and @entity2 , either directly or through an extension of the cervical incision into the deltopectoral groove. An additional posterior thoracotomy may be required for resection of the chest wall below the second rib. Between 1980 and 1991, 29 @entity1 underwent radical en bloc resection of the inlet @entity5 , chest wall ( @entity30555 ), and underlying lung, either through the anterior transcervical approach alone (n = 9) or with an additional posterior thoracotomy (n = 20). The inferior root of the brachial plexus, either alone (n = 11) or with the phrenic nerve (n = 4), was involved and resected in 15 @entity1 (52%). Twelve @entity1 (41%) had a vascular involvement that included the subclavian artery alone (n = 3); subclavian artery and subclavian vein (n = 3); subclavian artery, subclavian vein, and vertebral artery (n = 2); subclavian @entity5525 (n = 1); subclavian vein alone (n = 1); vertebral artery alone (n = 1), or subclavian @entity5525 (n = 1). The subclavian artery was revascularized either with a prosthetic replacement (n = 7) or an end-to-end @entity254 (n = 2), and the median graft patency was 18.5 months (range, 6 to more than 73 months); only 1 @entity1 had postradiotherapy graft occlusion in the revascularized artery 6 months after operation. We performed 14 wedge resections, 14 lobectomies, and 1 pneumonectomy. There were no operative or hospital deaths. Postoperative radiotherapy (median, 56 Gy) was given to 25 (86%) @entity1 , either alone (n = 14) or in combination with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (n = 11). With a median follow-up time of 2.5 years, overall 2- and 5-year survivals were 50% and 31%, respectively. This transcervical-thoracic approach affords a safe exposure and radical resection of @entity1149 involving the thoracic inlet and results in encouraging long-term survival.

title: Anterior transcervical-thoracic approach for radical resection of XXXX invading the thoracic inlet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['artery and vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: Identification of the @entity10308 gene and the repeat-amplification mechanism causing @entity2100 led to development of reliable DNA-based diagnostic methods, including Southern blot hybridization and PCR. Both methods are performed on DNA isolated from peripheral blood cells and measure the repeat size in @entity10308 . Using an immunocytochemical technique on blood smears, we recently developed a novel test for identification of @entity1 with @entity2100 . This method, also called "antibody test," uses monoclonal antibodies against the @entity10308 gene product ( @entity10308 ) and is based on absence of @entity10308 in @entity1 ' cells. Here we describe a new diagnostic test to identify male @entity1 with @entity2100 , on the basis of lack of @entity10308 in their hair roots. Expression of @entity10308 in hair roots was studied by use of an @entity10308 -specific antibody test, and the percentage of @entity10308 -expressing hair roots in controls and in male @entity2100 @entity1 was determined. Control individuals showed clear expression of @entity10308 in nearly every hair root, whereas male @entity2100 @entity1 lacked expression of @entity10308 in almost all their hair roots. @entity1032 female @entity1 with a full mutation showed @entity10308 expression in only some of their hair roots (<55%), and no overlap with normal female controls was observed. The advantages of this test are (1) plucking of hair follicles does no appreciable harm to the @entity1032 @entity1 , (2) hairs can be sent in a simple envelope to a diagnostic center, and (3) the result of the test is available within 5 h of plucking. In addition, this test enabled us to identify two @entity2100 @entity1 who did not show the full mutation by analysis of DNA isolated from blood cells.

title: Noninvasive test for XXXX , using hair root analysis.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mentally retarded', 'mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome', 'fragile X']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: The characterization of protein components produced from bone tissues with @entity174 healing was investigated. Weanling @entity35 were sacrificed between 1 and 7 days after the femoral @entity174 . Protein content in the femoral-diaphyseal tissues was markedly elevated by @entity174 healing. Moreover, when the femoral-diaphyseal tissues with @entity174 healing were cultured for 24 h in a serum-free medium, many proteins in the bone tissues were released into the medium. Analysis with @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) showed that many protein molecules were released from the diaphyseal tissues with @entity174 healing. Especially, a protein molecule of approximately 66 kDa was markedly increased by @entity174 healing. This protein molecule was significantly increased, when the diaphyseal tissues with @entity174 healing were cultured in the presence of @entity56728 (10(-6)-10(-4) M). @entity56728 (10(-4) M)-induced increase in medium 66 kDa protein molecule was significantly inhibited in the presence of @entity4316 (10(-7) M) or @entity1880 (10(-6) M). The @entity219 effect was completely blocked in the presence of @entity4286 (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of MAPK kinase, or @entity866 (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein kinase C. The medium 66 kDa protein molecule was significantly elevated in the presence of parathyroid hormone (1-34) (10(-7) M), insulin-like growth factor-I (10(-8) M) or transforming growth factor-beta (10(-11) M), while @entity53 (10(-9) M) did not have an effect. The effect of these bone-stimulating factors was equal to the @entity219 effect. @entity219 did not significantly enhance the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I in increasing medium 66 kDa protein molecule. The present study demonstrates that @entity174 healing increases production of the approximately 66 kDa protein molecule which is a major component produced from femoral-diaphyseal tissues of weanling @entity35 , and that this elevation is enhanced by @entity219 treatment.

title: Characterization of the increase in bone 66 kDa protein component with healing XXXX fractures: stimulatory effect of @entity219 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity56728 :: ('MESH:C018802', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc acexamate', 'Zinc acexamate']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of the study was to elucidate aquaporin (AQP) family member mRNA expression and protein expression/localization in the @entity35 lacrimal functional unit. The mRNA expression of all @entity35 AQPs ( @entity54519 -9, 11-12) in @entity910 , @entity267 , lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland was measured by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR. Antibodies against @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were used in Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to determine protein expression and distribution. Our study demonstrated characteristic AQP expression profiles in @entity35 ocular tissues. @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were detected in conjunctiva. @entity54519 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, and 12 mRNA were expressed in @entity267 . @entity54519 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11 mRNA were detected in lacrimal gland. @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were identified in Meibomian gland. By Western blot, @entity6095 , 3, 5, and 11 were detected in conjunctiva; @entity6095 , 3, 5, and 11 were identified in @entity267 ; @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, and 11 were detected in lacrimal gland; and @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were present in Meibomian gland. Immunohistochemistry localized AQPs to distinct sites in the various tissues. This study rigorously analyzed AQPs expression and localization in @entity35 conjunctiva, @entity267 , lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland tissues. Our findings provide a comprehensive platform for further investigation into the physiological or pathophysiological relevance of AQPs in ocular surface.

title: Expression profiles of aquaporins in XXXX conjunctiva, @entity267 , lacrimal gland and Meibomian gland.

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral, fornical, and bulbar conjunctiva']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intend to analyze if additional treatment concepts are necessary in any case as a part of the standard therapy next to the well established principle of source control in the treatment of secondary @entity298 . DESIGN: A treatment concept with early intervention, source control and extensive intraoperative lavage (20-301) should be evaluated as a standard procedure in a prospective survey. Additional treatment concepts will be applied only for special reason (on demand). RESULTS: From 11/1993 to 9/1997 241 @entity1 with @entity298 were treated with the concept mentioned above. Additional treatment concepts as continuous postoperative lavage (n = 20) and staged lavage (n = 4) were applied as primary treatment in 24 @entity1 only (10%), mainly for impossibility of source control and evisceration. Source control at the initial operation was possible in 216 @entity1 (90%). Due to secondary evisceration 3 @entity1 had to undergo laparostomy for staged lavage later. Severity of @entity298 was determined according to the @entity298 Index (median 26, range 15-43). The primary causes of @entity298 were perforation, leakage and abscess after operation (n = 56), followed by diverticular (n = 42) and gastric or duodenal perforation (n = 39). The hospital mortality rate was 14% in the whole group, and the postoperative morbidity rate was 39%. CONCLUSIONS: Due to progress in intensive care and antibiotic treatment only a few @entity1 (ca. 10%) need additional therapies such as postoperative or staged lavage. Surgical source control in combination with intraoperative lavage is sufficient in most of the @entity1 with @entity298 .

title: [New approaches to the surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis', 'peritonitis', 'Mannheim Peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['diffuse peritonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intraspinal @entity1653 is a rare morphological variant of @entity1653 . Only 13 case reports are found in the literature; therefore, no management strategy has been defined for this @entity5 type. This article describes two @entity1 , reviews the literature, and proposes a treatment plan for @entity1653 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two female @entity1 , 22 months and 8 years of age, respectively, presented with localized neck and leg @entity158 that limited their ability to walk. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity5 , a cervical intramedullary neoplasm in the younger @entity1 , and a @entity1971 in the older @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Both @entity1 underwent radical resection of their intradural @entity5 . Both @entity5 , however, recurred shortly (5 and 6 mo) after the initial operation. During the second operation, a radical removal was performed on each @entity1 . Both @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy. In addition, the younger @entity1 developed posterior fossa @entity3 20 months after intraspinal surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraspinal @entity1653 are very uncommon @entity5 . The clinical course in our two @entity1 supports the reported 40% recurrence rate within 15 months. These @entity5 also can disseminate within the central nervous system. We recommend serial imaging studies every 3 months. For recurrent @entity5 , we recommend localized radiation therapy after reoperation.

title: Intraspinal XXXX : diagnosis and management: report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intradural tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell meningioma', 'meningioma', 'clear cell meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina tumor']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['clear cell meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We report an extremely rare case of a @entity1 with @entity3554 with orbital involvement presenting as unilateral exophthalmos. This rare @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis for aggressive dural-based lesions. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old @entity1 presented with a protruded eyeball on the right side and left @entity1269 . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a huge mass, markedly enhanced in and around the right anterior clinoid process, which extended to the orbit and middle cranial fossa. Cerebral angiography revealed @entity5 fed by branches of both the right external and internal carotid arteries. A presumptive diagnosis of @entity1653 or @entity2698 was considered. INTERVENTION: The @entity5 was exposed through an orbitozygomatic approach. At surgery, the @entity5 was grossly firm to hard and had destroyed the dura, orbital roof, anterior clinoid process, temporal bone, and muscle. Histological analysis revealed that the @entity5 was composed of spindle-cell proliferation in a collagen-rich background, but it exhibited regional variations. The vascular network demonstrated irregular vascular lumina with a " @entity2698 -like" pattern. Histological features included high cellularity and a high degree of pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical analysis of the @entity5 demonstrated diffuse positive staining for @entity2280 and @entity2277 . The @entity5 displayed no positive staining for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary antigenic protein, S-100 protein, and factor XIII. CONCLUSION: @entity3554 is considered a unique pathological entity. Wider use of immunohistochemical screening should enable analysis of the real incidence of these @entity5 ; larger series and longer follow-up duration will allow conclusions to be drawn regarding treatment and prognosis. Differential diagnosis is discussed and the literature is reviewed.

title: XXXX as an unusual cause of expohthalmos: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['a richly vascular tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal solitary fibrous tumor', 'Meningeal solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['Meningeal solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: @entity14636 - @entity4458 (L) interactions play a pivotal role in immune-mediated inflammatory responses via the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To investigate the effects of continuous activation of resident tissue APCs, in this case the Langerhans cells (LCs) of the skin, @entity4458 expression was targeted to the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis of @entity19 using the @entity10802 promoter. Approximately 80% of the transgenic (Tg) @entity19 spontaneously developed @entity1909 on the ears, face, tail, and/or paws. Compared with littermates, Tgs had a >90% decrease in epidermal LCs yet increased numbers within the dermis suggestive of enhanced emigration of @entity14636 -activated LCs. Tgs also displayed massive @entity3329 with increased numbers of dendritic cells and B cells. Moreover, a decrease in IgM and an increase in @entity6527 / @entity9749 / @entity10986 /IgE serum concentrations was detectable. Screening for autoantibodies revealed the presence of antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies implicative of systemic @entity792 . Accordingly, renal Ig deposits, @entity644 , and lung @entity82 were observed. Adoptive transfer of T cells from Tgs to nonTg recipients evoked the development of @entity272 similar to those found in the Tgs. @entity1909 also developed in B cell-deficient @entity4458 Tg @entity19 . These findings suggest that in situ activation of LCs by @entity4458 in the skin not only leads to chronic @entity1909 but also to systemic mixed-connective-tissue-like @entity792 , possibly by breaking immune tolerance against the skin.

title: Overexpression of XXXX ligand in @entity19 epidermis results in chronic skin inflammation and systemic @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['regional lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory dermatitis', 'Dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity14636 :: (21939(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential role of serum @entity701 and @entity251 levels in @entity989 (CSC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum @entity701 and @entity251 levels of six male @entity1 with chronic CSC were evaluated by chemiluminescent immunassay. Hormone levels were compared with the normal reference values of healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were male, and the median age was 48 years (range: 42-54). The median duration of visual disturbance at presentation was 23 months (range: 12-48). Median 8:00 a.m. serum @entity701 level was 11.6  g/dl (min. 4.74, max. 18.3) and the @entity701 levels were within the normal range in five of the six @entity1 . All @entity1 had normal serum @entity251 levels, with a median value of 549.5 ng/ml (min. 246, max. 794). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity701 and @entity251 levels were within normal ranges and in @entity1 with chronic CSC. The association between these hormones and chronic CSC might be weak.

title: Serum @entity701 and XXXX levels in @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: An open-label randomized pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 6 months treatment with @entity3086 in a 3-monthly versus a monthly i.m. depot injection for the relief of chronic @entity2371 in @entity1 with @entity46 . A total of 30 @entity1 aged 18-38 years were allocated to the 3-monthly depot arm (n = 15) or to the monthly depot arm (n = 15) after laparoscopic diagnosis of @entity530 . Mean (SD) deep @entity546 scores according to a 0-3 point verbal rating scale decreased from 1.8 (0.9) at baseline to 1.3 (0.7) at the end of treatment in the 3-monthly depot group and from 2.1 (1.2) to 1.3 (0.7) in the monthly depot group. Corresponding values in non-menstrual @entity158 scores fell from 2.1 (0.6) to 1.1 (0.3), and from 2.1 (0.8) to 1.2 (0.4) respectively, without statistically significant differences between the groups. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 concentrations were significantly suppressed at 12 and 24 weeks compared with baseline values, without differences between the groups. The monthly depot caused a slightly more marked inhibition of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels with respect to the 3-monthly preparation. Mean (SD) @entity46 scores at baseline and at 6-month follow-up laparoscopy were respectively 32.8 (25.1) and 12.2 (9.3) in the 3-monthly depot group and 29.0 (22.7) and 13.1 (15.3) in the monthly depot group (paired t-test, P < 0.05). Mean percentage decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral density was 5.2% in the former and 4.9% in the latter subjects. In the 3-monthly depot group, 13 @entity1 graded the tolerability of their treatment schedule as "good' compared with seven in the monthly depot group (chi 2 = 5.40, P = 0.02).

title: XXXX in a 3-monthly versus a monthly depot formulation for the treatment of symptomatic @entity46 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity3086 :: (MESH:D016729,Chemical) :: ['Leuprolide']


abstract: A prospective, investigator-blinded, randomized study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4688 and @entity1855 in the treatment of isolated systolic @entity101 in elderly @entity1 . Of the 115 @entity1 who completed the study, 58 received @entity4688 and 57 @entity1855 . The goal of treatment was a systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg and a reduction of at least 20 mmHg below baseline. The initial daily dose of @entity4688 was 5 mg, and of @entity1855 240 mg. The dosage was titrated upward until the goal blood pressure was achieved. At the end of the titration period, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in both @entity1 groups. Blood pressure remained significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in both groups during the 8-week maintenance treatment period. There were no significant differences between groups. Two @entity1 in the @entity4688 group and nine @entity1 in the @entity1855 group were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. The results of this study demonstrate that @entity4688 and @entity1855 are well tolerated and effective in the treatment of isolated systolic @entity101 in the elderly.

title: XXXX and @entity1855 in the treatment of isolated systolic @entity101 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['Enalapril']


abstract: From 1977 to 1982, fourteen @entity1 with @entity765 underwent surgery and brachytherapy. Surgery ranged from biopsy to complete or partial excision of the @entity5 . Most of these @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 or positive margins. A high recurrence rate is expected in such a group if treated by surgery alone. In twelve out of fourteen @entity1 the treatment was considered curative when all disease sites could be encompassed. In the remaining two @entity1 the treatment was considered palliative because the @entity5 encroaching on to the spinal cord was left untreated. Ten out of twelve curatively treated @entity1 have remained free of recurrence at a minimum of 2 year follow-up. Five of them were followed from 4-6 years. In the palliatively treated group, one @entity1 is alive with active disease at 18 months. Three @entity1 developed complications with wound healing. This experience suggests that surgery and brachytherapy treatment for @entity765 results in higher local control than expected from surgery alone in this selected group of @entity1 .

title: Role of brachytherapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to review our experience and study the feasibility and clinical results of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee with @entity85 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee associated with @entity85 underwent one-stage TKA from June 2006 to April 2010. There were two @entity1 and seven @entity1 , with an average age of 51  years (range 34-69  years); four of them had @entity85 and five had @entity85 . Eight of the cases resulted from malunion after @entity174 healing and one from femoral recurvatum. Six of the cases had uniplanar and three had @entity85 . The average angles of the @entity85 were 13.3   in the coronal plane (8-22) and 11.3   in the sagittal plane (6-15); one femur had 10   external @entity717 . @entity85 of 16   in the coronal plane (11-22) was noted, and one had sagittal plane @entity85 of 21  . RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed for an average of 29  months. The average Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score improved from 18.7 points pre-operatively to 89.8 points at the time of last follow-up; the range of knee motion improved from 46.7   preoperatively to 100.6   postoperatively. The average angle of mechanical axis deviation was restored from 11.8   preoperatively to 1   postoperatively. One of the @entity1 had unsatisfactory clinical results due to delayed union at the osteotomy site. No complications such as @entity281 , @entity1150 , ligament instability, low level or subluxed/dislocated @entity12352 or component loosening were observed. One-stage TKA with intra-articular correction of the @entity85 was performed in seven @entity1 , included proper @entity79 to restore alignment and the necessary soft tissue releases to balance the knee in flexion and extension. Two @entity1 underwent simultaneous extra-articular correctional osteotomy and TKA because the @entity85 was so large. Five knees that had good collateral ligamentous stability and balance received a posterior stabilised prosthesis; four knees that had ligamentous instability received a constrained condylar knee (CCK) prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: One-stage TKA is a technically difficult but effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity626 . If feasible we recommend TKA with intra-articular bone resection and soft tissue balancing.

title: One-stage total knee arthroplasty for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['planning, appropriate bone cuts']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'femoral deformities', 'tibial deformities', 'Tibial deformity', 'biplanar deformities', 'extra-articular deformity']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity']


abstract: It has become increasingly clear that the increase in corticosteroid levels, e.g. after a brief stressor induce molecular and cellular changes in brain, including the hippocampal formation. These effects eventually result in behavioral adaptation. Prolonged exposure to stress, though, may lead to mal-adaptation and even be a risk factor for diseases like major @entity308 in genetically predisposed individuals. We conducted a series of experiments where changes in brain function were examined after 3 weeks of unpredictable stress. After unpredictable stress, inhibitory input to neurons involved in the @entity2339 -pituitary-adrenal (HPA) @entity2270 regulation was suppressed, which may dysregulate the @entity2270 and lead to overexposure of the brain to glucocorticoids. Furthermore, @entity2227 transmission in the dentate gyrus (DG) was enhanced, possibly through transcriptional regulation of receptor subunits. Combined with enhanced @entity460 channel expression this could increase vulnerability to cell death. Neurogenesis and apoptosis in the dentate were diminished. Synaptic plasticity was suppressed both in the dentate and @entity1249 area. Collectively, these effects may give rise to deficits in memory formation. Finally, we observed reduced responses to @entity750 in the @entity1249 area, which could contribute to the onset of symptoms of @entity308 in predisposed individuals. All of these endpoints provide potential targets for novel treatment strategies of stress-related @entity75 .

title: Effects of chronic stress on structure and cell function in rat hippocampus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus']


abstract: We have performed a phase II study to evaluate the activity and @entity137 of @entity1260 and @entity900 as first-line treatment for advanced @entity43 . @entity1 were treated with @entity900 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity1260 5 g/m2 in 18-hr continuous infusion on day 1 or 1.5 g/m2 bolus on days 1-5. Between August 1988 and March 1990, 30 @entity1 were entered in the trial, 26 of them with measurable disease. The overall clinical response rate was 69% (95% CI: 48-85%), including 34.6% complete responses (95% CI:17-55%). Reassessment laparotomy was performed in 12 cases, and 4 (33%) exhibited a pathologic complete response. For all @entity1 , the median duration of progression-free survival was 14 months, and the median overall survival was 25 months. There were no major differences in the response rate or survival between the two @entity1260 administration modalities. Relevant @entity137 were grade IV @entity1503 in 11/30 @entity1 and grade IV @entity8 in 2/30 @entity1 . A @entity1 with grade IV @entity75 developed a @entity130 -related @entity1779 and died 2 months later. The combination of @entity1260 and @entity900 is active in first-line therapy in advanced @entity43 , although it does not seem to improve the efficacy or @entity137 profile of conventional combinations.

title: @entity1260 plus @entity900 as primary chemotherapy of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Several parameters for quality assurance of mammography screening require background incidence rates, i.e. the @entity0 incidence in the absence of screening. For new programmes, incidence rates for the years prior to the programme are usually taken as a substitute with the appropriate source being @entity5 registries. In Germany, the feasibility of quality-assured screening was examined in three pilot projects over the years 2001-2005, so that background incidence was needed for quality assurance. Since countrywide @entity5 registration was not yet well established and especially in the pilot area of Wiesbaden an active @entity5 registry did not exist, other ways to obtain accurate rates were needed. Thus, in this pilot a manual data collection of @entity0 cases from diagnosing pathologic institutes was conducted to quantify local @entity0 incidence and compare it with available regional registry data from a distant part of the country. Results showed large similarities of rates for the mid of the 1990s, but a stronger increase of incidence for the subsequent years specifically in the pilot area. This increase was likely related to particular efforts in favour of opportunistic screening in that area. They led to increased detection of small @entity5 , but were too unsystematic to initiate decline of advanced @entity0 on the population level. In view of getting appropriate figures for background incidence these results indicate that emphasis should be put on using rates which are less affected by opportunistic screening rather than obtaining geographically proximate data. We propose to use the 50-69 years incidence rate of @entity0 for the years 1996-2000 in the Saarland @entity5 registry as background incidence rate which is almost identical to the Wiesbaden data for 1996 and 1997 but increased less strongly during 1998-2000. This incidence rate is 2.5 per 1,000, while that found in the Wiesbaden area was 2.7 per 1,000.

title: Retrospective quantification of background incidence and stage distribution of XXXX for the mammography screening pilot project in Wiesbaden, Germany.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cadherins function to promote adhesion between adjacent cells and play critical roles in such cellular processes as development, tissue maintenance, and @entity5 suppression. We previously demonstrated that heterotrimeric G proteins of the G12 subfamily comprised of @entity23979 and @entity50199 interact with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins and cause the release of the transcriptional activator @entity3546 (Meigs, T. E., Fields, T. A., McKee, D. D., and Casey, P. J. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 519-524). Because of the importance of @entity3546 in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, we examined whether G12 subfamily proteins could also regulate cadherin function. The introduction of mutationally activated G12 proteins into K562 cells expressing @entity5962 blocked cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in steady-state assays. Also, in @entity0 cells, the introduction of activated G12 proteins blocked @entity5962 function in a fast aggregation assay. Aggregation mediated by a mutant cadherin that lacks G12 binding ability was not affected by activated G12 proteins, indicating a requirement for direct G12-cadherin interaction. Furthermore, in wound-filling assays in which ectopic expression of @entity5962 inhibits cell migration, the expression of activated G12 proteins reversed the inhibition via a mechanism that was independent of G12-mediated Rho activation. These results validate the G12-cadherin interaction as a potentially important event in cell biology and suggest novel roles for G12 proteins in the regulation of cadherin-mediated developmental events and in the loss of cadherin function that is characteristic of @entity3 progression.

title: XXXX and @entity50199 negatively regulate the adhesive functions of cadherin.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity23979 :: (2768,Gene) :: ['Galpha12']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare visual outcomes, corneal @entity940 , and keratometric readings in @entity1 with progressive @entity9042 undergoing intrastromal corneal ring implantation (ICRSI) only and in combination with ultraviolet A @entity8728 mediated corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL).    METHODS: In this retrospective comparative study, there were 2 groups of @entity9042 @entity1 . Group 1 consisted of only ICRSI @entity1 . Group 2 consisted of combined ICRSI-CXL @entity1 . Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), @entity2246 , and mean keratometry were compared.    RESULTS: The study evaluated 166 eyes of 121 @entity1 with a mean age of 24.74 years. The UCDVA improved from 0.24 to 0.37 in group 1 and from 0.24 to 0.42 in group 2 at the last visit. The BCDVA improved from 0.34 to 0.62 in group 1 and from 0.31 to 0.67 in group 2. Spherical error decreased from -5.05 D to -1.65 D in group 1 and from -4.82 D to -1.52 D in group 2. Cylindrical error decreased from -6.06 D to -3.47 D in group 1 and from -5.66 D to -3.20 D in group 2. Mean keratometry values decreased from 51.89 D to 47.96 D in group 1 and from 50.89 D to 46.91 D in group 2. p Value was >0.05 in group comparisons. Ring explantation due to corneal melting was applied in 3 eyes.    CONCLUSION: Both combined ICRSI-CXL and ICRSI-only groups experienced favorable outcomes, without statistical difference in any studied effect of both treatment strategies.

title: Comparison of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation only and in combination with collagen crosslinking for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['spherical error, cylindrical error']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stillbirth classifications use various strategies to synthesise information associated with fetal demise with the aim of identifying key causes for the @entity204 . RECODE is a hierarchical classification of @entity204 -related conditions, which grants a major place to @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). Our objective was to explore how placement of @entity1592 in the hierarchy affected results from the classification. METHODS: In the Rh  ne-Alpes region, all @entity2209 were recorded in a local registry from 2000 to 2010 in three districts (N   =   969). Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as a birthweight below the 10th percentile. We applied RECODE and then modified the hierarchy, including @entity1592 as the penultimate category (RECODE-R). RESULTS: 49.0% of @entity2209 were SGA. From RECODE to RECODE-R, @entity2209 attributable to @entity1592 decreased from 38% to 14%, in favour of other related conditions. Nearly half of SGA @entity2209 (49%) were reclassified. There was a non-significant tendency toward moderate SGA, singletons and full-term @entity2209 to older mothers being reclassified. CONCLUSIONS: The position of @entity1592 in hierarchical @entity2209 classification has a major impact on the first condition associated with @entity2209 . RECODE-R calls less attention to monitoring SGA fetuses but illustrates the diversity of @entity204 -related conditions for small fetuses.

title: Stillbirth classification in population-based data and role of XXXX : the example of RECODE.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth restriction', 'FGR']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth', 'stillbirths']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['fetal growth restriction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1534 virulence-associated genes in hepatobiliary @entity1 , including vacA, iceA, babA2, @entity2757 and cagE, have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate these genes and the association of those and the clinical outcomes in @entity66 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1534 -PCR-positive cases were obtained from hepatobiliary @entity1 , representing both @entity201 ( @entity201 ) (n= 58) and @entity2963 (n= 22). The diversity of virulence genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of @entity2757 was determined using the maximum parsimony method. RESULTS: The vacAs1a + c/m1, iceA1 and babA2 genes were the most predominant genotypes in both @entity201 and @entity2963 @entity1 . The @entity2757 and cagE genes were found significantly more frequently in @entity1 with @entity201 than those with @entity2963 (P < 0.05). The @entity2757 positive samples were the Western-type @entity2757 and showed that almost all of the detected sequences in Thai hepatobiliary and Thai @entity356 @entity1 were classified in the same cluster but separated from the cluster of Japan and other countries. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2757 and cagE genes may be associated in the pathogenesis of @entity66 , especially of @entity201 . Besides the bacterial variation, other host factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity5 .

title: Molecular analysis of XXXX virulent-associated genes in hepatobiliary @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary cancer']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']