abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of the responses of @entity421 @entity1 to preoperative chemotherapy is of clinical importance. The purpose of this study was to estimate the accuracy of angiography and thallium-201 scintigraphy, compared with histology, in assessing the responses of @entity1 with @entity421 to preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity421 who were diagnosed between 1992 and 1997 were studied. The findings of angiography and thallium-201 scintigraphy before and after preoperative chemotherapy were compared with the percentage of @entity39 of @entity5 cells and the response grade as determined histologically. Quantitative analysis of the isotopic uptake by thallium-201 scintigraphy before and after chemotherapy, defined as the alteration ratio, was correlated with the percentage of @entity5 @entity39 . RESULTS: Angiography yielded a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 73%, and a predictive accuracy of positive test of 70%, whereas thallium-201 scintigraphy achieved 88%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Both angiographic and scintigraphic assessment showed a significant correlation with response grade as determined histologically (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0003, respectively). The alteration ratio of thallium-201 scintigraphy showed a strong, highly significant correlation with the percentage of @entity5 @entity39 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A change in the @entity5 uptake of @entity4214 -201 scintigraphy after preoperative chemotherapy can predict the @entity5 @entity39 in @entity421 precisely. Thallium scintigraphy is a noninvasive technique and seems to be more useful than angiography in assessing the response of @entity421 to preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Imaging assessment of the responses of XXXX @entity1 to preoperative chemotherapy: angiography compared with thallium-201 scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare autologous bone (AB), @entity291 bone (BB), and @entity1641 bone (EB) blocks with regard to de novo bone formation, connective tissue, and residual bone substitute material portions in a standardized defect animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the frontal skull of 20 @entity1707 , 106 standardized cylindrical "critical size defects" were prepared. Defects were randomly filled with AB, BB, and EB blocks. After a healing period of 30 and 60 days, de novo bone formation, residual bone substitute material, and connective tissue portion was assessed by means of histomorphometry ( @entity11979 staining). Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to evaluate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The de novo bone formation was significantly higher in the AB group in comparison to the xenogeneic groups (p  <  0.05). After 30 days, EB showed significantly (p  <  0.05) more newly formed bone compared to the BB group. The soft tissue formation was significantly higher in the BB and EB group. Defects augmented with BB showed significantly (p  <  0.05) higher portions of bone substitute materials compared to sides augmented with EB after 30 days. CONCLUSION: In the extra-oral model, @entity79 were superior concerning de novo bone formation. No clinical advantages of EB blocks could be observed.

title: Extra-oral defect augmentation using autologous, XXXX and @entity1641 bone blocks: A preclinical histomorphometrical comparative study.

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['Toluidine blue O']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['AB blocks']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Little is published on the characterization and therapeutic potential of @entity1 mesenchymal cells derived from hair follicle (HF) dermal sheath (DS). In this study, we isolated and characterized HF DS-mesenchymal stromal cells (DS-MSCs) with respect to the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). We further tested if @entity558 ( @entity558 ), like what was previously reported for BM-MSC @entity558 , has superior wound-healing properties, in both in vitro and in vivo wound models compared with skin fibroblast @entity558 . METHODS: DS-MSCs were isolated from HF and cultured in vitro to assess long-term growth potential, @entity7495 ( @entity7495 ), expression of CD surface markers and differentiation potential. The cytokine expression of DS-MSC @entity558 was determined through an antibody-based protein array analysis. The wound-healing effects of the @entity558 were tested in vitro with the use of @entity1 cell cultures and in vivo with the use of a @entity6 @entity19 wound model. RESULTS: In vitro results revealed that DS-MSCs have high growth capacity and @entity7495 while displaying some phenotypes similar to BM-MSCs. DS-MSCs strongly expressed many surface markers expressed in BM-MSCs and could also differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. DS-MSCs secreted significantly higher proportions of paracrine factors such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 and growth-related oncogene. DS-MSC- @entity558 demonstrated enhanced wound-healing effects on @entity1 skin keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro, and the wound-healing time in @entity6 @entity19 was found to be shorter, compared with vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 HF DS stromal cells demonstrated MSC-like properties and might be an alternative source for therapeutic use in wound healing.

title: In vitro characterization of XXXX hair follicle dermal sheath mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in enhancing @entity6 wound healing.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'DS-MSC-conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['CFE', 'colony-forming efficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 10-year-old Golden Retriever evaluated because of recurrent pericardial and @entity1143 underwent thoracoscopy with biopsy of the pleura and @entity6830 . CLINICAL FINDINGS: Before thoracoscopy, 5 L of serosanguinous fluid was removed from the @entity1143 via thoracocentesis. During thoracoscopic exploration, it was observed that the parietal pleura and @entity6830 were covered by miliary white to tan nodules 1 to 3 mm in diameter. Biopsy specimens were obtained, and partial pericardiectomy was performed. Portal sites were closed routinely. Cytologic evaluation of the pleural fluid revealed high protein concentration and cellularity, with cellular changes consistent with an exfoliating @entity189 . Results of bacterial culture were negative. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: @entity3003 was administered via intracavitary instillation, and @entity229 was administered orally. Twenty-one days later, 1 firm, irregularly shaped 6.5 x 3-cm mass and 4 smaller masses were detected in the area of the left thoracic wall where the cannula had been inserted during thoracoscopy. Histologic analysis of tissue from the masses collected at necropsy confirmed that they were @entity5 with similar appearance to the @entity2615 and immunohistochemical staining properties identical to those of the @entity5 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although thoracoscopy is associated with less @entity282 , shorter hospitalization times, and faster @entity1 recovery than sternotomy procedures, complications are also possible with minimally invasive endoscopic surgery. Portal site metastasis can develop from contamination of portal sites with cells on instruments or cannulas or via leakage of effusion fluid. Although rare, this potential complication should be discussed with owners prior to performing the procedure.

title: Portal site metastasis of invasive XXXX after diagnostic thoracoscopy in a dog.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: Phage @entity27682 integrase integrates attB-containing plasmid into pseudo attP site in eukaryotic genomes in a unidirectional site-specific manner and maintains robust transgene expression. Few studies, however, explore its potential in livestock. This study aims to discover the molecular basis of @entity27682 integrase-mediated site-specific recombination in @entity1707 cells. We show that @entity27682 integrase can mediate site-specific transgene integration into the genome of @entity1707 kidney @entity1707 cells. Intramolecular recombination in @entity1707 @entity1707 cell line occurred at maximum frequency of 82% with transiently transfected attB- and attP-containing plasmids. An optimal molar ratio of pCMV-Int to pEGFP-N1-attB at 5:1 was observed for maximum number of cell clones under drug selection. Four candidate pseudo attP sites were identified by TAIL-PCR from those cell clones with single-copy transgene integration. Two of them gave rise to higher integration frequency occurred at 33%. 5' and 3' junction PCR showed that transgene integration mediated by @entity27682 integrase was mono-allelic. Micro- deletion and insertion were observed by sequencing the integration border, indicating that double strand break was induced by the recombination. We then constructed rescue reporter plasmids by ABI-REC cloning of the four pseudo attP sites into pBCPB + plasmid. Transfection of these rescue plasmids and pCMV-Int resulted in expected intramolecular recombination between attB and pseudo attP sites. This proved that the endogenous pseudo attP sites were functional substrates for @entity27682 integrase-mediated site-specific recombination. Two pseudo attP sites maintained robust extracellular and intracellular EGFP expression. Alamar blue assay showed that transgene integration into these specific sites had little effect on cell proliferation. This is the first report to document the potential use of @entity27682 integrase to mediate site-specific recombination in @entity1707 cells. Our work established an ideal model to study the position effect of identical transgene located in diverse chromosomal contexts. These findings also form the basis for targeted @entity1707 genome engineering and may be used to produce genetically modified @entity1707 for agricultural and biomedical uses.

title: Pseudo attP sites in favor of transgene integration and expression in cultured porcine cells identified by XXXX integrase.

answer: @entity27682 :: (10719,Species) :: ['Streptomyces phage phiC31']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of warm acupuncture (moxa-heated acupuncture) needle stimulation of Waiguan ( @entity18476 ) acupoint in the treatment of @entity6865 (phase I) in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Sixty @entity64 @entity1 with @entity6865 (phase I ) were equally randomized into control group and warm acupuncture group. @entity1 of the warm acupuncture group were treated by warm acupuncture stimulation of the affected @entity18476 in combination with routine acupuncture stimulation of Jianyu (LI 15), Jianjing (GB 21), Quchi (LI 11), Wangu (SI 4), Yangchi (TE 4) and Hegu ( @entity9154 ), and rehabilitation training (passive and active upper-limb motion exercise for 30 min, once daily), and @entity1 of the control group treated with routine acupuncture stimulation of the same acupoints mentioned above, and rehabilitation training. The treatment was conducted once daily, 5 times per week for two weeks. The @entity1 ' clinical conditions were evaluated by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-10 points, shoulder @entity158 degree), @entity4 severity score (0 point:normal, 2 points: mild, 4 points: moderate, and 6 points: severe) and simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale (0, 1 and 2 points, upper-limb motor function) before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After the treatment, the scores of VAS and @entity4 severity of the two groups were significantly decreased in comparison with pre-treatment in the same one group (P < 0.01), and the Fugl-Meyer motor scores were considerably increased (P < 0.01), suggesting an improvement of the @entity6865 after two weeks' treatment. Of the two 30 @entity1 in the control group and warm acupuncture group, 0 and 2 (6.7%) were cured, 7 (23.3%) and 25 (83.3%) experienced marked improvement, 17 (56.7%) and 2 (6.7%) were effective, 6 (20. 0%) and 1 (3.3%) invalid, with the effective rates being 80.0% and 96.7%, respectively. The effect of warm acupuncture group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Warm acupuncture combined with routine acupuncture and rehabilitation training is effective in improving shoulder @entity158 , hand @entity4 and limb motor function in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity6865 at phase I.

title: [Effect of warm acupuncture stimulation of Waiguan ( @entity18476 ) on post- XXXX @entity6865 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder-hand syndrome']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block can be recommended as a multimodal method to reduce @entity282 in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. However, it is unclear whether TAP block following local anesthetic infiltration is effective. We planned this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the latter technique in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal @entity547 repair (TEP). METHODS: We randomly divided @entity1 into two groups: the control group (n = 37) and TAP group (n = 37). Following the induction of general anesthesia, as a preemptive method, all of the @entity1 were subjected to local anesthetic infiltration at the trocar sites, and the TAP group was subjected to ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block with 30 ml of 0.375% @entity1342 in addition before TEP. @entity158 was assessed in the recovery room and post-surgery at 4, 8, and 24 h. Additionally, during the postoperative 24 h, the total injected dose of analgesics and incidence of @entity390 were recorded. RESULTS: On arrival in the recovery room, the @entity158 score of the TAP group (4.33    1.83) was found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (5.73    2.04). However, the @entity158 score was not significantly different between the TAP group and control group at 4, 8, and 24 h post-surgery. The total amounts of analgesics used in the TAP group were significantly less than in the control group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of @entity390 between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TAP block following local infiltration had a clinical advantage only in the recovery room.

title: Is transverse abdominis plane block effective following local anesthetic infiltration in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal XXXX repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Since increased mesangial accumulation of matrix has been considered to be an important event in the development of @entity628 , we investigated whether @entity1286 , an active metabolite of @entity4521 , can modulate mesangial accumulation of immune complexes. Control or @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 were administered intraperitoneal ferritin (8 mg/100 g body weight) daily for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, serum @entity1011 , 24-hour urinary protein and @entity1011 excretion rates were measured at 3-week intervals. @entity35 were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks and kidney tissue was studied by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Serum @entity1011 levels and urinary protein excretion rates were not different between control and @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 . All @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 developed @entity811 , whereas only 1 control @entity35 developed @entity811 . Light microscopy revealed no proliferation of mesangial cells and only a minimal increase in the mesangial matrix. Electron-microscopic studies showed deposition of immune complexes in the mesangial region. Mesangial cells showed aggregation of ferritin in lysosomes. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of IgG staining predominantly in the mesangial region. The majority (60%) of @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 showed a diffuse mesangial deposition of IgG when compared to control @entity35 (83%) who showed only focal deposition. These results indicate that @entity1286 enhances deposition of immune complexes in the mesangium. @entity1286 -induced matrix but may also change its quality. This may play a pathogenic role in the development of @entity8 in @entity1 who abuse opiates.

title: XXXX enhances deposition of ferritin-antiferritin complexes in the glomerular mesangium.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: In 24 @entity1 with severe @entity649 after major gastro-intestinal surgery the effect of the @entity460 antagonist @entity594 on pulmonary function was investigated. Besides descriptive statistics and comparison between group means, intervention analysis was employed to assess the treatment effect for the individual @entity1 . The treatment effect could always be assessed after 12 hours. 14 out of 15 @entity1 with initially high @entity29628 showed a significant decrease of @entity29628 followed by an improvement of AaDO2. 8 out of 9 @entity1 with initially normal @entity29628 did not improve in pulmonary function as no significant changes in @entity29628 occurred. No unwanted side-effects on @entity455 (MAP, CI, LVSWI, RVSWI) could be observed. 9 out of 24 @entity1 decreased. Lethality among @entity1 who showed a significant decrease of @entity29628 under @entity594 infusion was 3 out of 15, whereas 5 out of 9 @entity1 died without changes in @entity29628 . Thus @entity594 can improve pulmonary function in @entity649 . Especially in the early stages of @entity649 with elevated @entity29628 the administration of @entity594 p.i. appears advantageous.

title: [Therapy of acute lung failure with XXXX . A study with interventional analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular function']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), we determined whether more sedentary behavior and slower outdoor walking speed were associated with faster functional decline and more adverse changes in @entity291 muscle characteristics over time. BACKGROUND: Modifiable behaviors associated with faster functional decline in @entity3657 are understudied. METHODS: @entity1 were 384 @entity1 and @entity1 with an ankle brachial index <0.90 followed for a median of 47 months. At baseline, @entity1 reported the number of hours they spent sitting per day and their walking speeds outside their homes. @entity1 underwent baseline and annual measures of objective functional performance. @entity291 muscle characteristics were measured with computed tomography at baseline and every 2 years subsequently. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidities, ankle brachial index, and other confounders. RESULTS: Slower walking speed outside the home was associated with faster annual decline in @entity291 muscle density (brisk/striding pace -0.32 g/cm(3), average pace -0.46 g/cm(3), casual strolling -1.03 g/cm(3), no walking at all -1.43 g/cm(3), p trend <0.001). Greater hours sitting per day were associated with faster decline in 6-min walk (<4 h: -35.8 feet/year; 4 to <7 h: -41.1 feet/year; 8 to <11 h: -68.7 feet; >= 12 h: -78.0 feet; p trend = 0.008). Similar associations were observed for greater hours sitting per day and @entity810 in fast-paced (p trend = 0.018) and usual-paced (p trend < 0.001) 4-m walking velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Greater sedentary hours per day and slower outdoor walking speed are modifiable behaviors that are associated with faster functional decline and greater decline in @entity291 muscle density, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity3657 .

title: Greater sedentary hours and slower walking speed outside the home predict @entity810 in functioning and adverse @entity291 muscle changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['faster declines']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease', 'lower-extremity PAD']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity32 , tissue remodeling and @entity82 are hallmarks of @entity29 . The aim of this study was to investigate changes in connective tissue in a chronic @entity19 model resulting from repeated cycles of dextran @entity2398 (DSS) ingestion, to mimic the relapsing nature of the @entity1 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to DSS in drinking water for 1 week, followed by a recovery phase of 2 weeks. This cycle of exposure was repeated for up to 3 times (9 weeks in total). @entity32 , @entity82 , extracellular matrix proteins and colonic gene expression were studied. In vivo MRI T 2 relaxometry was studied as a potential non-invasive imaging tool to evaluate bowel wall @entity32 and @entity82 . RESULTS: Repeated cycles of DSS resulted in a relapsing and remitting disease course, which induced a @entity1960 after 2 and 3 cycles of DSS with clear induction of @entity82 and remodeling of the muscular layer. Tenascin expression mirrored its expression in @entity30 . Microarray data identified a gene expression profile different in @entity1960 from that in @entity1960 . Additional recovery was associated with upregulation of unique genes, in particular keratins, pointing to activation of molecular pathways for healing and repair. In vivo MRI T2 relaxometry of the colon showed a clear shift towards higher T2 values in the acute stage and a gradual regression of T2 values with increasing cycles of DSS. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated cycles of DSS exposure induce @entity82 and connective tissue changes with typical features, as occurring in @entity30 . Colonic gene expression analysis revealed unique expression profiles in @entity1960 compared to @entity1960 and after additional recovery, pointing to potential new targets to intervene with the induction of @entity82 . In vivo T2 relaxometry is a promising non-invasive assessment of @entity32 and @entity82 .

title: Unique gene expression and MR T2 relaxometry patterns define chronic @entity19 dextran @entity2398 XXXX as a model for connective tissue changes in @entity1 @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Chronically relapsing inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic segmental, transmural colitis', 'chronic colitis', 'acute colitis']

entities_list: @entity2398 :: ('CHEBI:32149', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: The plasmid profiles of @entity5385 - and @entity3639 -resistant isolates of @entity6464 , @entity2551 , and Vibrio ordalii were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Bacterial isolates were from disease outbreaks in fish on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Resistant isolates were examined when grown in the presence and absence of antibiotic. Alkaline lysis methods were used for plasmid isolation. Vibrio spp. were predominantly plasmidless, except for a 47-kilobase (kb) plasmid. Atlantic coast isolates of A. salmonicida possessed four or six plasmids, with four smaller plasmids ranging in size from 4.3 to 8.1 kb being consistently observed. The plasmid profiles of antibiotic-sensitive ATCC strains were identical. The plasmid profiles of the Pacific coast isolates of A. salmonicida varied slightly from those of the Atlantic coast isolates with six plasmids observed, ranging in size from 4.2 to 8.9 kb. Resistance to the antibiotics was not altered following plasmid curing experiments and resistance was not transferable to @entity526 . Thus, resistance to @entity5385 and @entity3639 did not appear to be plasmid mediated.

title: The plasmid profiles of fish pathogenic isolates of XXXX , @entity2551 , and Vibrio ordalii from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada.

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

entities_list: @entity2551 :: ('55601', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio anguillarum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6464 :: (645,Species) :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']


abstract: @entity392 ( @entity392 ) represent acoustic energy generated by the cochlear amplifier which contributes to auditory sensitivity and frequency discrimination. Therefore the @entity392 can serve as a noninvasive tool to study the cochlear amplifier. While transient evoked @entity392 (TEOAEs) are generally recorded clinically in @entity1 , it has been difficult to record them in animals and instead cubic distortion product @entity392 (DPOAEs) have been experimentally studied in animals. In a previous study, we perfected a method of recording TEOAEs routinely in @entity35 and this technique was used here to study the development of @entity392 in neonatal @entity35 . TEOAEs were recorded and compared to the DPOAEs on several postnatal days. With increasing postnatal age, TEOAE peak-to-peak amplitude and spectral energy in the 2- to 4-kHz band increased, their threshold decreased and their input-output functions became less monotonic with a change in slope (notch and/or plateau) in the mid-intensity region. The DPOAEs to higher frequencies appeared first, then the TEOAEs, followed by the DPOAEs to lower frequencies. With age, their amplitude also increased, thresholds decreased and a notch appeared in their input-output functions. The TEOAEs were measurable during the continuum of the appearance of the DPOAEs and the developmental sequences of both types of @entity392 were similar. This may be evidence that similar mechanisms account for their maturation which probably initially involves a reduction in the air-bone gap with maturation of the outer and middle ears, and then elevation of the endocochlear potential and additional micromechanical maturations.

title: Development of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in the neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['Otoacoustic emissions', 'OAEs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Living donor kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice for @entity454 @entity1 and exhaustive assessment of the potential live kidney donor leads to successful KT in most occasions. @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity101 and @entity28 make up contraindications to donation because all of them are associated with postsurgical complications and future development of @entity177 and @entity65 . However, it is unclear how much risk there is for individuals who donate a kidney and then develop some of these complications, which are grouped under the @entity209 ( @entity15 .) Indeed, @entity15 is a cluster of CV risk factors such as @entity28 , @entity2299 , @entity101 where the insulin resistance is the pathogenic mainstay. @entity15 is an entity very prevalent in the western countries (20-30%) and has been associated with the development of @entity65 , @entity6 and @entity8 . Thus, it is crucial to detect @entity15 before living donation in order to avoid these complications in the long-term. Regardless of clinical criteria to diagnosis @entity15 , both oral @entity413 tolerance test and HbA1c levels may be useful clinical tools for unmasking @entity15 before donation. Moreover, determination of insulin resistance by HOMA could help to achieve this objective. This review will outline the next issues: 1) frequency of @entity15 in the general population (potentially, living kidney donor); 2) the impact of @entity15 on @entity6 , renal function and other CV complications; 3) assessment of living donor to unmask @entity15 before donation; and 4) interventions on risk factors for minimizing @entity15 -related threatening complications in the long-term. In any case, if @entity15 is detected prior to donation, prophylactic and therapeutic measurement should be performed to avoid its progression. By contrast, @entity15 could be considered a contraindication to donation.

title: [ XXXX and live kidney donor: is this syndrome a contraindication to donation?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disorders', 'CV disorders']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Treatment of late-stage @entity25 requires drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the parasites located in the brain. We report here the synthesis and evaluation of four new N-hydroxy and twelve new N-alkoxy derivatives of bisimidazoline leads as potential agents for the treatment of late-stage @entity25 . These compounds, which have reduced basicity compared to the parent leads (i.e., are less ionized at physiological pH), were evaluated in vitro against @entity3177 rhodesiense and in vivo in @entity19 models of first- and second-stage @entity25 . Resistance profile, physicochemical parameters, in vitro BBB permeability, and microsomal stability were also determined. The N-hydroxy imidazoline analogues were the most effective in vivo with 4-((1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)-N-(4-((1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide ( 14D: ) showing 100% cures in the first-stage disease, whilst 15D: , 16D: and 17D: appeared to slightly improve survival. In addition, 14D: showed weak activity in the chronic model of CNS @entity281 in @entity19 . No evidence of reduction of this compound with hepatic microsomes and mitochondria was found in vitro suggesting that N-hydroxy imidazolines are metabolically stable and have intrinsic activity against @entity3177 . In contrast to its unsubstituted parent compound, uptake of 14D: in @entity3177 was independent of known drug transporters (i.e. TbAT1/P2 and HAPT) indicating a lower predisposition to cross-resistance with other diamidines and arsenical drugs. Hence, the N-hydroxy bisimidazolines ( 14D: in particular) represent a new class of promising antitrypanosomal agents.

title: A new non-polar N-Hydroxy Imidazoline lead compound with improved activity in a XXXX model of late stage T. b. @entity281 is not cross-resistant with diamidines.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognostic value of blood pressure (BP) levels during @entity64 has not been adequately studied. Most studies do not use continuous BP measurements, and @entity1 are followed only for a short period. We designed a study to assess, with 24-hour BP monitoring (24H BPM), the impact of BP levels during the first day of @entity64 , on the short-term functional status and long-term mortality in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 177 @entity1 with @entity64 (89 @entity1 ), mean age 84  6 years. BP was measured on admission and 24H BPM was recorded within 24 hours of admission. After 7 days, @entity1 were assessed for functional status according to the modified Rankin Scale and were subsequently followed up for mortality  <=5 years (mean, 2.07  1.48). RESULTS: After 7 days, functional status improved and modified Rankin Scale decreased from 4.2 to 3.7. Follow-up analysis disclosed that 71 @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 ) had died. Mortality rate was higher in @entity1 (50% versus 30%; P<0.01) and in @entity1 with a history of @entity712 . Only average systolic BP, recorded by 24H BPM, predicted short-term functional status and long-term mortality. Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that age, sex, @entity712 , and average systolic BP >160 mm Hg, recorded by 24H BPM, were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High systolic BP recorded by 24H BPM on the first day of @entity64 was found to be associated with unfavorable short-term functional status and long-term mortality in elderly @entity1 .

title: Systolic blood pressure during XXXX is associated with functional status and long-term mortality in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vinorelbine is an important chemotherapeutic agent which is used in metastatic @entity1149 . Case reports have described the occurrence of acute cardiac ischaemic events as a side effect. It has not been established whether the suspected mechanisms for @entity299 might also cause other vascular events. We report about a 70-year-old male with metastatic @entity1149 who received vinorelbine as an outpatient. The @entity1 presents with a cardiovascular risk profile. He was admitted to the hospital 3 days later with acute left-sided @entity1158 and @entity1805 . Brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated acute right hemispheric @entity64 . Nine days after admission, the @entity1 additionally suffered ST elevation @entity583 . A coronary angiogram demonstrated high grade stenosis of the right coronary artery treated with two bare-metal stents. Caution should be noted in @entity1 who present with a cardiovascular risk profile as they might be vulnerable experiencing acute ischaemic events.

title: Acute @entity64 and @entity583 after chemotherapy with vinorelbine for XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This retrospective study clarifies the prognosis of surgically treated @entity2 in a teaching university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a four year period 141 @entity1 were operated for @entity2 in a teaching university hospital. After five years follow up the case records were analysed. The operative and microscopical findings were classified using the AJC pTNM staging system and WHO's histologic classification of @entity5 . There were 120 (85 %) male and 21 (15 %) female. The median age for males was 62 years and females 64 years; range was 29 to 76 years for both sexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The perioperative mortality of all @entity1 was 5,0 %, of 84 @entity1 operated with lobectomy 2.4 %, of 32 @entity1 operated with pneumectomy 15,6 %, and of 25 @entity1 operated with explorative thoracotomy 0 %, respectively. The five year survival of all @entity1 was 33 % including perioperative mortality. The survival was significantly better for 83 @entity1 with @entity5 (49 %) than 17 stage II (6 %), 24 stage IIIa (20.8 %), and 17 stage IIIb or IV disease (0 %). The survival was significantly better after lobectomy (44.1 %) than after pneumectomy (25.0 %) or explorative thoracotomy (8.0 %). Our study shows the good effect of surgery in stage I, and confirms it's usefulness in @entity5 . The histologic types of @entity5 did not affect survival.

title: Prognosis of surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIIa lung cancer', 'lung tumours', 'tumours', 'stage I disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1902 is one of the common causes of tachyarrythmia, malabsorbtion and @entity851 in @entity1 . Our recent studies have indicated that neonatal.cryptosporidial @entity1902 is associated with long-term @entity854 . The aim of the present study was to find out how neonatal cryptosporidiosis of various severities affects cardiac anatomy and cardiomyocyte polyploidization, remodeling and @entity16705 expression. Using real-time PCR, cytometry, immunohistochemistry, image analysis and interatrial septum visual examination, we revealed that gradual increase in cryptosporidial invasion was associated with threshold changes. At weak @entity281 , interatrial septum was entire and there was no statistically significant change in cardiomyocytes. At moderate and severe @entity281 , all changes in cardiac anatomy and cardiomyocytes were statistically significant and demonstrated approximately similar degree. Compared to control, heart were @entity194 and elongated, interatrial septum contained a small window (patentforamrn ovale), and cardiomyocytes lost protein, became elongated, thin and accumulated additional genomes. Also we found @entity16705 mRNA hyperexpression. Notable, the threshold response to gradual stimulus is an important criterion of development programming since such a response is commonly a consequence of abnormal anatomic structure formation and cell differentiation failure. Our results can be interesting for physicians because they indicate that even moderate cryptosporidiosis can be dangerous for neonatal heart and can trigger neonatal programming of cardiovascular pathology. Also, our results for the first time demonstrate the association between @entity1902 , @entity4616 and cardiomyocyte malfunction.

title: [Threshold rat neonatal cardiomyocyte response to gradual cryptosporidial XXXX severity increase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious gastroenteritis', 'gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophied']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3243 ( @entity3243 ) is a rare malignancy with a moderate prognosis. The staging system, prognostic indicators, and optimal surgical management are still under debate. This large cohort explores prognostic factors for @entity3243 . METHODS: 1,022 cases of @entity3243 in the 1998-2011 National Cancer Data Base that underwent surgery were examined for predictors of lower @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and relative risk (RR) of @entity204 at 5  years. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 was 81.1% in 528 @entity1 with >= 60  months of follow-up. The overall cohort was mainly non-Hispanic (96.5%), white (77.4%), and insured (94.3%), with a median age of 57  years. Mean @entity1349 was lower and RR of @entity204 greater in older (P  <  .001), black (P  =  .007) @entity1 with a secondary malignancy (P  =  .015) and >= 2 comorbidities (P  =  .005), whose surgical specimen had positive surgical margins (P  =  .026) or positive lymph nodes (P  <  .001). Multivariate cox regression demonstrated that positive lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 6.47; 95% CI, 1.81-23.11) and older age (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.25-4.43) were associated with lower @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity3243 is a rare malignancy with a 5-year @entity1349 of 81.1%. Positive lymph nodes and older age predict lower @entity1349 and an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: @entity3243 in more than 1,000 XXXX : A population-level analysis.

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'Parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current treatments for advanced @entity5 tend to be only palliative. Although radiotherapy is administered with a curative intent, radioresistance and dose-limiting @entity137 pose limitations to treatment. @entity61370 , an oral pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to radiation in various solid @entity5 cell lines. We conducted an exploratory, phase 1, dose-escalation study of @entity61370 in combination with standard hypofractionated radiotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 treated in a palliative setting. Among 58 treated @entity1 , the median age was 61.5 years (range, 20-82); 47% of the @entity1 had M1 stage disease, and 95% had received previous chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 90 mg/m2 (140 mg). Of the 51 @entity1 evaluable for response, best overall response was 8% (1 complete response [CR], 3 partial responses [PRs]), and best loco-regional response was 12% (1 CR and 5 PRs) at a median follow-up of 16 weeks. Of note, @entity1 with target or non-target @entity75 showed encouraging responses, with 1 @entity1 achieving a best loco-regional response of CR. Treatment-emergent grade >= 3 adverse events (AEs) were few, with most common being @entity882 (17%), @entity2905 (12%), and @entity1371 (7%). Six @entity1 (10%) discontinued treatment due to AEs. No grade >= 3 prolongation of the QTc interval was observed, with no treatment discontinuations due to this AE. Oral @entity61370 combined with radiotherapy was well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . The combination may have potential for treatment of @entity1 with @entity75 .

title: A phase 1 dose-escalation study of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity61370 in combination with standard hypofractionated radiotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity61370 :: ('MESH:C512352', 'Chemical') :: ['abexinostat', 'Abexinostat']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: Exposure to daily life stressors is associated with increases in @entity148 , @entity308 , and overall negative affect. Alcohol or other psychoactive drugs are often used to alleviate stress effects. While females are more than twice as likely to develop @entity1316 and are more susceptible to dependency than males, they are infrequently examined. In this study, female @entity35 received no stress/no alcohol control (CON), alcohol alone (ALC), stress alone (STR), or stress plus alcohol (STR+ALC). Stress consisted of restraint for 6h/day/7days, and alcohol was administered immediately following restraint via gastric gavage at a dose of 2.0g/kg. Dependent measures included tests utilizing object recognition (OR), Y-maze, elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim (FST), blood alcohol content, corticosterone levels, and body weights. ALC, STR+ALC, but not stress alone, impaired memory on OR. All treatments impaired spatial memory on the Y-maze. @entity148 was not affected on the EPM, but @entity35 treated with alcohol or in combination with stress showed increased immobility on the FST, suggestive of alcohol-induced @entity308 . Previously, we found alcohol reversed deleterious effects of stress on memory and mood in males, but current results show that females reacted negatively when the two treatments were combined. Thus, responses to alcohol, stress and their combination suggest that sex specific treatments are needed for stress-induced behavioral changes and that self-medicating with alcohol to cope with stress maybe deleterious in females.

title: Female XXXX exposed to stress and alcohol show impaired memory and increased @entity308 -like behaviors.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The type of feeding can differently influence @entity6741 ontogeny during the period of physiologic cholestasis that characterizes early @entity1 development. AIM: To investigate the effects of feeding from birth, conventional or partially protein hydrolyzed @entity291 's milk formulas were compared with breast milk regarding @entity6741 concentration and the composition of gallbladder bile in newborn @entity840 . METHODS: Forty newborn @entity840 were allocated to one of three different feeding regimens: breast milk (n = 14), intact protein formula (n = 13) and partially protein hydrolyzed formula (n = 13). After 8 days, one third of the pups from each group was sacrificed; another third was sacrificed on the 14th day and the remainder on the 20th day of life. @entity3645 in gallbladder bile were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and HPLC. RESULTS: During the first 2 weeks of life, @entity1017 was significantly higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed pups. An age-related increase in total biliary @entity6741 concentrations was evident for breast-fed and hydrolyzed formula-fed animals, but not for those fed intact protein formula. Breast-fed animals had the highest total biliary @entity6741 concentrations on day 20 of life, with significant increases in chenodeoxycholic and @entity62324 concentrations, which were absent in the other two groups. Concentrations of @entity62324 on day 8 were significantly higher in animals fed intact protein formula compared with breast-fed and partially protein hydrolyzed formula-fed animals. CONCLUSIONS: In newborn @entity840 , breast feeding is associated with a marked increase in biliary @entity6741 concentrations, which was not observed in artificially fed animals. The higher biliary @entity6741 concentrations and better @entity1017 in our breast-fed animals may reflect a greater feed efficiency associated with natural feeding. Biliary @entity6741 composition on day 8 suggests more rapid intestinal bacterial @entity6741 biotransformation in animals fed intact protein formula compared to other feeding regimens.

title: Influence of breast feeding, and adapted and hydrolyzed formulas on biliary XXXX in newborn @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity62324 :: ('MESH:C023020', 'Chemical') :: ['7-oxo-lithocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections are known to reduce @entity32 by inhibiting synthesis of various proinflammatory mediators and have been used increasingly. The anti-inflammatory properties of opioids are not as fully understood but apparently involve antagonism sensory neuron excitability and pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. To date, no studies have addressed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural @entity1286 in @entity1 with @entity158 , and none have directly compared @entity1286 with a @entity1340 for this indication. The aim of this study was to compare @entity1286 and @entity1340 analgesia when administered via epidural injection to @entity1 with lumbar @entity158 . METHODS: A total of 59 @entity1 were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups and followed for 3 months after procedure. Each @entity1 was subjected to C-arm guided transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) of an affected nerve root. As assigned, @entity1 received either @entity1286 (2.5 mg/2.5 ml) or @entity1340 (25 mg/0.5 ml) in combination with 0.2% @entity1342 (1 ml). Using numeric rating scale was subsequently rates at 2 weeks and 3 months following injection for comparison with baseline. RESULTS: Both groups had significantly lower mean @entity158 scores at 2 weeks and at 3 months after treatment, but outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: TFEI of an opioid plus local anesthetic proved effective in treating @entity158 . Although @entity1286 surpassed @entity1340 in @entity158 relief scores, the difference was not statistically significant.

title: Comparison of @entity1286 and XXXX in transforaminal epidural injections for lumbar @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a multi-parametric model suitable for prospectively identifying @entity263 in peripheral zone (PZ) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five radical prostatectomy @entity1 (median age, 63 years; range, 44-72 years) had T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2-mapping, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with endorectal coil to yield parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, volume transfer constant (K(trans)) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v(e)). Whole-mount histology was generated from surgical specimens and PZ @entity5 delineated. Thirty-eight @entity5 outlines, one per @entity5 , and pathologically normal PZ regions were transferred to MR images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using all identified normal and @entity5 voxels. Step-wise logistic-regression modeling was performed, testing changes in deviance for significance. Areas under the ROC curves (A(z)) were used to evaluate and compare performance. RESULTS: The best-performing single-parameter was ADC (mean A(z) [95% confidence interval]: A(z,ADC): 0.689 [0.675, 0.702]; A(z,T2): 0.673 [0.659, 0.687]; A(z,Ktrans): 0.592 [0.578, 0.606]; A(z,ve): 0.543 [0.528, 0.557]). The optimal multi-parametric model, @entity8950 , consisted of combining ADC, T2 and K(trans). Mean A(z, @entity8950 ) was 0.706 [0.692, 0.719], which was significantly higher than A(z,T2), A(z,Ktrans), and A(z,ve) (P < 0.002). A(z, @entity8950 ) tended to be greater than A(z,ADC), however, this result was not statistically significant (P = 0.090). CONCLUSION: Using logistic regression, an objective model capable of mapping @entity1263 with reasonable performance can be constructed.

title: XXXX detection with multi-parametric MRI: logistic regression analysis of quantitative T2, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: We have described recently the presence of binding sites for @entity1 LH (hLH) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in microsomal and cytosol fractions prepared from the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus, @entity5132 . We have now compared the properties of Candida LH/hCG-binding sites with those of the ovine luteal @entity10548 . @entity742 luteal LH-binding sites were associated with luteal membranes, and little or no binding activity was present in cytosol fractions. In contrast, significant LH/hCG-binding activity was present in Candida cytosol. Moreover, there were marked differences in sensitivity to inhibition by metal ions, association and dissociation rates, and affinity constants between @entity742 and Candida LH-binding sites. Scatchard plots of 125I-labelled hLH binding to @entity742 luteal receptors demonstrated a single high-affinity component (association constant (Ka) 0.3 litres/pmol) which was displaceable by hCG. In contrast, Scatchard plots of binding to Candida microsomes and cytosol fractions demonstrated two components, one with high affinity (Ka 0.18 litres/pmol) and low capacity and a second site with lower affinity (Ka 4 litres/nmol) and high capacity, both of which were displaceable by unlabelled hCG. Gel permeation chromatography of cytosol demonstrated two distinct peaks of LH-binding activity with approximate molecular weights of greater than 1,000,000 and 30,000-50,000. Scatchard plots of 125I-labelled hLH binding to the higher molecular weight peak demonstrated a single, high-affinity LH-binding site (Ka 0.18 litres/pmol), whereas the lower molecular weight fraction contained both high- (Ka 0.17 litres/pmol) and low-affinity (Ka 4 litres/nmol) LH-binding sites. Both partially purified and highly purified hCG and hLH preparations displaced binding of 125I-labelled hLH and hCG to @entity742 luteal LH receptors at similar concentrations. 125I-labelled hLH/hCG binding to Candida membranes was also displaceable by low levels (ng) of partially purified hCG preparations, but much higher levels (micrograms) of highly purified hLH and hCG were required. This paradoxical observation suggested the presence of radiolabelled contaminants, or damaged forms induced during radioiodination of hormone tracers, which can bind more strongly to Candida membranes than unlabelled hCG and hLH but which do not bind to @entity742 LH receptors. However, no evidence for hLH tracer contaminants with differential binding to Candida and @entity742 luteal receptors was obtained following gel exclusion chromatography or fractionation on @entity8014 . (Although three distinct 125I-labelled hLH fractions were resolved on @entity8014 , presumably reflecting differences in their @entity1735 compositions, all three tracer peaks bound equivalently to both Candida membranes and ovine luteal LH receptors).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Binding sites for LH in @entity5132 : comparison with the XXXX corpus luteum @entity10548 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity8014 :: ('MESH:C028326', 'Chemical') :: ['Concanavalin A-Sepharose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The @entity10409 (P.D.S.) is a clinical situation always accompanied by an alteration of the ocular and postural equilibrium and by a @entity227 . The P.D.S. @entity1 may present an important ophthalmological symptomatology which the classical semiological methods are not able to identify. To study properly these @entity1 it was indispensable to introduce new methods of ophthalmological exploration. Among these new methods, the A.A. point out specially the directional scotometry and the linear directional coordinometry, found out and introduced by them. All these methods have allowed to detect in P.D.S. @entity1 , troubles of directional visual information and typical disturbances of the tonic convergence. As a result of their investigation, the A.A. also describe a new therapy to the P.D.S. This therapy may complement the effects of somatoanalysis and reprogramming, always essential in the treatment of this situation. This new therapy is based on the introduction of a special correction, by means of prismatic lenses of low power, prescribed according to the rules that the A.A. also disclosed. The prismatic correction, appearing to be extremely effective, is well accepted by the great majority of the @entity1 . The investigation work performed by the A.A. gives a new dimension to ophthalmology in the field of diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment and rehabilitation of different situations of disability and incapacity.

title: [ XXXX . Its importance in ophthalmology].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['defect of proprioceptive and visual information']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['Postural Deficiency Syndrome']

answer: @entity10409 :: (MESH:D054972,Disease) :: ['Postural deficiency syndrome']


abstract: The @entity27713 ( @entity27713 ) comprises receptors for important immunomediators like interferons and @entity688 ( @entity688 ). We identified a novel member of this family which represents the first exclusively soluble receptor in this group and was therefore designated as @entity58384 ( @entity30666 ). The @entity30666 gene covers about 28 kb and is located on chromosome 6 in close proximity to the @entity27713 members interferon (IFN)-gamma receptor 1 and IL-20 receptor 1. It comprises seven exons and generates two different mRNA splice variants, @entity27713 -s1-long and @entity27713 -s1-short. @entity27713 -s1-long and @entity27713 -s1-short encode proteins of 263 and 231 @entity1522 , respectively. A comparison of predicted protein structures led to the postulation that each receptor variants binds a different ligand. Quantitative analysis of @entity1 mRNA expression revealed a very restricted pattern for both splice forms. @entity27713 -s1 turned out to be the first member of this receptor family which was expressed neither in resting nor in stimulated leucocyte populations. @entity27713 -s1-long was only expressed in placenta, whereas @entity27713 -s1-short was additionally expressed in @entity1 mammary gland and, at a lower level, in skin, spleen, thymus and stomach. The preferential expression of @entity30666 in placenta suggests a role for this receptor in establishing and maintaining successful pregnancy.

title: A novel, soluble homologue of the XXXX @entity688 receptor with preferential expression in placenta.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity27713 :: ('1395', 'Gene') :: ['cytokine receptor family type 2', 'CRF2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity40663 ( @entity40663 ) is an adaptor molecule and is related to cell invasion. In this present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of @entity40663 expression in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We reviewed 64 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone liver resection for @entity157 , and we investigated the correlation between @entity40663 expression and clinical outcome. To analyze the biological behavior of @entity40663 in vitro and in vivo, we established @entity40663 stable knockdown @entity157 cells using RNA interference technology. The positive staining of @entity40663 protein was correlated with portal venous invasion (P < 0.01), @entity99 (P < 0.01), and intrahepatic @entity3 (P < 0.05). Positive expression of @entity40663 was significantly correlated with @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) protein levels in @entity157 (P < 0.01). The @entity40663 - and @entity3818 -positive group showed a significantly poorer prognosis as compared with the @entity40663 - and @entity3818 -negative group (P < 0.05). @entity40663 knockdown @entity157 cells exhibited significantly lower levels of invasion potential (P < 0.05) and motility (P < 0.05) than the control cells in vitro; moreover, @entity40663 knockdown @entity157 cells showed delayed onset of the @entity5 compared with the control cells in vivo. @entity40663 expression can modulate the invasive phenotype of @entity157 . @entity40663 plays an important role in @entity157 progression and is strongly associated with expression of @entity3818 . @entity40663 could be a therapeutic target in @entity157 .

title: Role of growth factor receptor bound protein 7 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity40663 :: ('2886', 'Gene') :: ['Grb7', 'growth factor receptor-bound protein 7']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous invasion']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: The Third Report of the National @entity165 Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) highlights the importance of treating @entity1 with the @entity209 to prevent @entity65 . Limited information is available about the prevalence of the @entity209 in the United States, however. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of the @entity209 in the United States as defined by the ATP III report. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Analysis of data on 8814 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 years or older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a cross-sectional health survey of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of the @entity209 as defined by ATP III (>/=3 of the following abnormalities): waist circumference greater than 102 cm in @entity1 and 88 cm in women; serum @entity1674 level of at least 150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L); high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level of less than 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) in @entity1 and 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L) in @entity1 ; blood pressure of at least 130/85 mm Hg; or serum @entity413 level of at least 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L). RESULTS: The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of the @entity209 were 21.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The prevalence increased from 6.7% among @entity1 aged 20 through 29 years to 43.5% and 42.0% for @entity1 aged 60 through 69 years and aged at least 70 years, respectively. Mexican Americans had the highest age-adjusted prevalence of the @entity209 (31.9%). The age-adjusted prevalence was similar for @entity1 (24.0%) and @entity1 (23.4%). However, among African Americans, @entity1 had about a 57% higher prevalence than @entity1 did and among Mexican Americans, @entity1 had about a 26% higher prevalence than @entity1 did. Using 2000 census data, about 47 million US residents have the @entity209 . CONCLUSIONS: These results from a representative sample of US adults show that the @entity209 is highly prevalent. The large numbers of US residents with the @entity209 may have important implications for the health care sector.

title: Prevalence of the XXXX among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The @entity209 appears to affect a significant proportion of the population and is associated with increased risk for development of @entity65 as well as of type-2 @entity6 . No single treatment for the @entity209 as a whole yet exists. While the primary management of @entity1 with the @entity209 involves healthy lifestyle promotion, the @entity2299 is a primary target for @entity65 risk reduction in these @entity1 . @entity6817 therapy provides effective reduction of LDL- @entity165 , which represents the primary therapeutic goal of lipid-lowering therapy in @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . Fibrates in turn are effective in normalizing lipid levels (mainly @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 ) in @entity1 with the @entity209 and may improve insulin resistance. Whereas statins remain the drug of choice for @entity1 who need to achieve the LDL- @entity165 goal, fibrate therapy may represent an alternative for those with low HDL- @entity165 and high @entity412 levels. The simultaneous use of fibrates could be indicated in @entity1 whose LDL- @entity165 is controlled by statin therapy but whose HDL- @entity165 and/or @entity1674 are still inappropriate. Such a combination, however, needs careful monitoring due to the potential hazard of adverse drug interactions. @entity1670 and @entity3709 may be useful agents for therapy, particularly when combined with statins. A number of emerging therapies offer potential as future options for the pharmacological treatment of @entity209 .

title: Hypolipidemic therapy for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity796 aeruginosathrives in multiple environments and is capable of causing life-threatening @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . RsmA is a posttranscriptional regulator that controls virulence factor production and biofilm formation. In this study, we investigated the expression and activity ofrsmA/RsmA inP. aeruginosamucAmutant strains, which are common in @entity281 . We determined that AlgU regulates a previously unknownrsmApromoter inP. aeruginosa Western blot analysis confirmed that AlgU controlsrsmAexpression in both a @entity6475 and a clinical isolate. RNase protection assays confirmed tworsmAtranscripts and suggest that RpoS and AlgU regulatersmAexpression. Due to increased RsmA inmucAmutant strains, a translational leader fusion of the RsmA targettssA1was constructed and tested inmucA,algU,retS,gacA, and rsmAmutant backgrounds to examine posttranscriptional activity. From these studies, we determined that RsmA is active inmucA22mutants, suggesting a role for RsmA inmucAmutant strains. Taken together, we have demonstrated that AlgU controlsrsmAtranscription and is responsible for RsmA activity inmucAmutant strains. We propose that RsmA is active inP. aeruginosamucAmutant strains and that RsmA also plays a role in @entity281 . IMPORTANCE: P. aeruginosacauses severe @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . The posttranscriptional regulator, RsmA, is known to control virulence and biofilm formation. We identify a newrsmApromoter and determine that AlgU is important in the control ofrsmAexpression. MutantmucAstrains that are considered mucoid were used to confirm increasedrsmAexpression from the AlgU promoter. We demonstrate, for the first time, that there is RsmA activity in mucoidP. aeruginosa Our work suggests that RsmA may play a role during @entity281 as well as @entity697 .

title: XXXX AlgU contributes to posttranscriptional activity by increasing rsmA expression in a mucA22 strain.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory strain']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: AIM: There is uncertainty as to whether consenting and randomizing @entity1 in @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) delays reperfusion and increases mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether participation of @entity1 with @entity583 in @entity922 is associated with delay in implementation of reperfusion therapy and increased hospital mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: A consecutive sample of 2523 @entity1 , admitted within 6 hours of symptom onset without @entity1455 , was recruited from a single tertiary academic centre. They were categorized according to participation (n=392, 15.5%) or nonparticipation (n=2131, 84.5%) in @entity922 of reperfusion therapy. Primary outcome was hospital mortality. Additional outcome was time from symptom onset to receipt of reperfusion therapy. Trial @entity1 were more likely to receive fibrinolysis with a 37 min delay in comparison with @entity1 not included in @entity922 . Time from symptom onset to reperfusion (minutes) was longer for trial @entity1 than nonparticipants (246  85 vs 233  93, p=0.01). Hospital mortality was 3.61% for nonparticipants. Expected mortality (based on risk modeling) for trial @entity1 was 2.74% (p=0.014 vs nonparticipants). Observed mortality was 1.53% (p=0.034 vs nonparticipants; p=0.16 vs expected mortality). In a multivariable analysis using logistic regression, participation in a RCT was not an independent correlate of hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.23-2.43, p=0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive cohort, despite a longer delay to reperfusion, there was no indication that participation in a RCT, starting before initiation of reperfusion therapy, was associated with a detectable increase in risk of hospital mortality among @entity1 with @entity583 . These data suggest that it is possible to consent and randomize @entity1 with @entity583 into @entity922 without jeopardizing their survival.

title: Impact of participation in randomized trials of reperfusion therapy on the time to reperfusion and hospital mortality in XXXX : A single-centrecohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is the prime contributor for cardiovascular mortality in the dialysis population. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) has been thought to improve blood pressure (BP) control in the short term, but the long-term benefits are not conclusively proven. We aimed to evaluate the degree of BP control in @entity298 @entity1 in the long term and analyse the factors associated with poor control. METHODS: Data of all @entity1 who were initiated on @entity298 at one centre between July 1994 and July 1998 and completed at least 1 year of @entity298 were analysed retrospectively at initiation of @entity298 , at 6 months, and annually thereafter until 5 years or until discontinuation of therapy. @entity101 was defined as per WHO/ISH criteria. A 'Blood Pressure Control Index' was empirically defined to account for the effect of antihypertensives on measured BP. Factors associated with poor BP control were analysed. RESULTS: Out of 207 @entity1 (age 57.0+/-16.0 years, 103 male, 104 female) 91.3% were @entity101 at the start of @entity298 . About 33.8% had @entity2316 . Systolic and mean arterial pressure index improved in early phase reaching a nadir between 6 months and 1 year followed by steady progressive worsening through out the rest of follow up. On multiple linear regression analysis age (P<0.001), duration of @entity101 prior to dialysis (P<0.001), and declining residual renal function, expressed as both average of @entity1133 and @entity1011 clearance (P=0.002) and residual urine output (P<0.001) were independently associated with poor BP control. @entity6 (P=0.836), peritoneal transport (D/P 4 of @entity1011 at start) (P=0.218), peripheral @entity4 (P=0.479) and dose of erythropoetin (P=0.488) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of @entity298 results in early improvement of @entity101 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). BP control thereafter deteriorates steadily with time and this is associated with age, duration of @entity101 , and declining residual renal function. This suggests that @entity101 in @entity454 @entity1 is a progressive disease primarily related to falling glomerular filtration rate, the preservation of which might improve BP control and possibly modify cardiovascular risk.

title: Long-term blood pressure control in a cohort of peritoneal dialysis XXXX and its association with residual renal function.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity146 and @entity16 , diagnostic stability, and indicators of prognosis in @entity1 previously identified as having medically unexplained motor symptoms. DESIGN: Follow up study. SETTING: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London--a secondary and tertiary referral hospital for @entity16 . SUBJECTS: 73 @entity1 with medically unexplained motor symptoms admitted consecutively in 1989-91. 35 (48%) @entity1 had absence of motor function (for example, @entity1158 ) and 38 (52%) had abnormal motor activity (for example, @entity400 , @entity3519 , or @entity2055 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological clinical diagnosis at face to face reassessment by a neurologist and a @entity146 diagnosis after a standardised assessment interview--the schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 --conducted by a psychiatrist. RESULTS: Good follow up data were available for 64 subjects (88%). Only three subjects had new @entity16 at follow up that fully or partly explained their previous symptoms. 44/59 (75%) subjects had had @entity146 disorders; in 33 (75%) @entity1 , the @entity146 diagnosis coincided with their unexplained motor symptoms. 31/59 (45%) @entity1 had a @entity1314 . Three subjects had developed new @entity146 illnesses at follow up, but in only one did the diagnosis account for the previous motor symptoms. Resolution of physical symptoms was associated with short length of symptoms, comorbid @entity146 , and a change in marital status during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike Slater's study of 1965, a low incidence of physical or @entity146 diagnoses which explained these @entity1 ' symptoms or disability was found. However, a high level of @entity146 comorbidity existed.

title: Slater revisited: 6 year follow up study of XXXX with medically unexplained motor symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['organic neurological disorders', 'neurological morbidity', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the present studies, the ability of a locally delivered @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) receptor agonist and systemically delivered antagonists to modulate extracellular levels of @entity492 and @entity2227 in the frontal cortex of anaesthetised @entity35 and frontal cortex and caudate-putamen of freely moving @entity35 was investigated using an in vivo microdialysis technique. In the anaesthetised @entity35 , local application of sulphated @entity6140 octapeptide ( @entity6140 -8S, 10 microM) into the frontal cortex enhanced extracellular @entity492 levels to a maximum of 265+/-16% of the basal levels, whereas @entity2227 levels were increased to a maximum of 168+/-7% of the basal levels. Given 40 min prior to the cortical perfusion of 10 microM of @entity6140 -8S, the @entity5375 antagonist, @entity47163 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), limited the rise in cortical @entity492 by over half to 170+/-10% of the basal levels. However, this same dose of @entity47163 still allowed @entity6140 -8S to increase @entity2227 by 44+/-15% above the basal levels. Whereas the enhanced @entity2227 levels were totally unaffected by systemic administration of the @entity43734 antagonist, @entity10992 (20 mg/kg, -40 min, s.c.), this treatment was able to limit the elevation in @entity492 to 220+/-4% of the basal levels. In the freely moving @entity35 , local perfusion of @entity6140 -8S (10 microM) increased @entity492 and @entity2227 levels to maxima of 275+/-12% and 225+/-14% of the basal levels, respectively, in the frontal cortex. In the caudate-putamen, @entity492 and @entity2227 levels were also elevated by @entity6140 -8S (10 microM) to 248+/-15% and 185+/-12% of the basal levels, respectively. The respective increase in @entity492 and @entity2227 induced by @entity6140 -8S (10 microM) were limited to 140+/-10% and 124+/-6% (frontal cortex), of the basal levels, and 162+/-15% and 143+/-8% (caudate-putamen), by 40 min pretreatment with @entity47163 (20 mg/kg, s.c.). In conclusion, @entity6140 -8S was able to enhance both @entity492 and @entity2227 overflow in the frontal cortex of anaesthetised @entity35 , and frontal cortex and caudate-putamen of freely moving @entity35 . These increases were preferentially offset by the selective @entity5375 antagonist, @entity47163 , since no influence could be discerned using the selective @entity43734 antagonist, L-364,718.

title: Preferential blockade of @entity8586 -8S-induced increases in @entity492 and XXXX levels by the @entity5375 antagonist, @entity47163 , in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The vascular corrosion cast technique in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the study of pituitary microvascularization in the @entity13190 (Tupaia glis). The pituitary vascular casts were obtained by infusion of low viscosity @entity3677 plastic (Batson's no.17) mixture. It was found that the blood supplies to the pituitary complex were from branches of the @entity16260 and could be divided into two groups. The first group consisted of two to four superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) branching off from the internal carotid artery supplying each half of the median eminence (ME), @entity3888 ( @entity3888 ), and @entity2038 ( @entity2038 ). The SHAs supplying the ME branched into internal and external capillary plexi. The internal plexus had a larger capillary size (approximately 15 microns in diameter), was deeper in position, and had denser and more complex capillary loops than those in the external plexus. The capillaries of the external plexus were approximately 10 microns in diameter. The two plexi drained into 15-20 @entity4611 ( @entity4611 ) which were located mainly along the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of the @entity3888 before breaking up into large capillaries (approximately 18 microns in diameter) with an anteroposterior arrangement within the @entity2038 . The second group consisted of one @entity7244 ( @entity7244 ) on each side branching off from the internal carotid artery. These arteries gave off branches to pierce the dorsolateral and ventrolateral aspects of @entity3888 ( @entity3888 ) before branching off to form a capillary network. They also gave rise to radiating capillaries to supply the pars intermedia (PI) surrounding the cortical area of the @entity3888 . The hypophyseal cleft separating the PI from the @entity2038 was clearly seen with very few blood vessels. The capillaries in both @entity2038 and @entity3888 joined to form confluent hypophyseal veins draining the blood into the cavernous sinus.

title: Hypophyseal angioarchitecture of XXXX (Tupaia glis) revealed by scanning electron microscopy study of vascular corrosion casts.

entities_list: @entity16260 :: ('MESH:C536991', 'Disease') :: ['circle of Willis']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['inferior hypophyseal artery', 'IHA']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['infundibular process', 'infundibular stalk', 'IP', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity13190 :: ('37347', 'Species') :: ['common tree shrew']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['HPVs', 'hypophyseal portal veins']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pars distalis']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity13190 :: (37347,Species) :: ['common tree shrew']


abstract: The role of DNA repair pathways is to maintain cellular integrity. However, genetic instability is a driving force in the development of @entity5 cells and many @entity5 are characterized by the loss of functionality in one or several DNA repair pathways. However, if genetic instability trespasses a certain point, it will induce cell death. Therefore, the dysfunctionality of several DNA repair pathways could represent an Achille's heel for the @entity5 , if such pathways could be pharmacologically targeted. For instance, the inhibition of @entity12982 , a protein in the base excision repair pathway (BER) is sufficient to induce cell death in @entity5 cells bearing @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutations, which are essential proteins in the homologous recombination repair pathway (HR). This phenomenon called "synthetic letality" constitutes recent knowledge and we discuss here the possibility that this strategy might be applied to innovative treatment options in @entity2 . Further, several DNA repair proteins could be used in @entity2 as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy or radiation. Indeed, specific biomarkers of each DNA repair pathway do exist and could guide oncologists in therapeutic decisions (e.g. @entity11833 and @entity900 ). Finally, pharmacologic modulation of DNA repair proteins might also be interesting as it might increase therapeutic efficacy of anticancer strategies (DNA-interacting chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Here, we will present the principal DNA repair pathways and associated biomarkers ( @entity11833 , @entity4311 , @entity12982 and @entity6069 ), and discuss their status in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

title: [DNA repair pathways and XXXX : clinical perspectives].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small call lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between the @entity3656 /CR ratio and refractive state and explore the effectiveness of this ratio in the assessment of @entity1714 , especially when combined with uncorrected visual acuity in schoolchildren among whom @entity1714 is common. METHODS: Cross sectional study. 4686 @entity1 from 6 primary schools, aged from 6 to 12 years were selected using the clustered-stratified random sampling method. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Refraction was measured as the @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ). RESULTS: 3922 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The mean @entity3656 /CR ratio was 2.973  0.002, increased with age, and different in gender. The coefficients of correlations of the @entity6110 with the @entity3656 /CR ratio, @entity3656 , and CR were -0.811, -0.657, and 0.095, respectively. Linear regression showed a 10.72 D shift towards @entity1714 with every 1 unit increase in the @entity3656 /CR ratio (P<0.001, r2 = 66.4%). The estimated @entity6110 values obtained by substituting the @entity3656 /CR ratio and gender back to the regression model that were within a difference of   0.50 D in ATE/LER (allowable @entity2246 for erroneous results) zones compared to the actual measured values was 51%. The area under the ROC curve of the @entity3656 /CR ratio, @entity3656 , and UCVA for @entity1714 detection were 0.910, 0.822, and 0.889, respectively, and the differences between each pair were statistically significant (P<0.01). At a specificity of 90%, the sensitivities were 72.98%, 50.50%, 71.99%, and 82.96%, respectively, for the @entity3656 /CR ratio, @entity3656 , UCVA, and the combination of the @entity3656 /CR ratio and UCVA. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3656 /CR ratio was found to explain the total variance in @entity6110 better than @entity3656 alone. The effectiveness of the @entity3656 /CR ratio was statistically significantly better than UCVA for detecting @entity1714 in @entity1 , and combining the two produced increased sensitivity without significantly decreasing specificity.

title: Axial length/corneal radius ratio: association with refractive state and role on XXXX detection combined with visual acuity in chinese schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalent']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['total error and limits']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: We examined the production and tissue localization of @entity1917 ( @entity1917 = @entity1917 ) in @entity1 @entity356 and analyzed the data in connection with the clinicopathological factors. Sandwich-enzyme immunoassay for the zymogen of @entity1917 (proMMP-7) showed enhanced production of @entity1917 in @entity189 tissues compared with control normal gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that @entity1917 is localized predominantly to the @entity189 cells in 71% of the @entity189 samples (30/42 cases). The percentage of immunoreactive @entity189 cells to total @entity189 cells (positive ratio) was significantly higher in @entity4056 (26%, median) than in @entity189 (3%, median) (p < 0.05). The positive ratio was markedly higher in @entity189 groups with vascular invasion (28%) or lymphatic permeation (12%) than in those without invasion (6%) or permeation (0%) (p < 0.05). It was also significantly higher in @entity189 groups with liver (49%) or lymph-node @entity3 (15%) than in those without @entity3 (6 and 2% respectively) (p < 0.05). Both proMMP-7 of 28 kDa and active @entity1917 of 19 kDa were detected in the @entity189 tissues by immunoblotting. Reverse-transcription-PCR showed specific amplification in 50% of the @entity189 cases (6/12 cases) and 8% of the normal control specimens (1/12 cases). In situ hybridization demonstrated that the @entity189 cells almost selectively express @entity1917 mRNA. These data suggest that enhanced production of proMMP-7 and its activation are implicated in invasion and @entity3 of @entity1 @entity356 .

title: Expression and tissue localization of @entity1917 in @entity1 XXXX . Implications for vessel invasion and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-7', 'matrilysin', 'MMP-7']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'diffuse-type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal-type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5302 ( @entity5302 ) is characterized by severe progressive @entity409 and @entity8 . NTBC therapy has revolutionized the management of @entity5302 but its effect on renal tubular function has so far been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the early effect of NTBC on @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity5302 . METHODS: Five @entity5302 @entity1 (age between 5 and 53months) with different types of presentation were evaluated before and during the first 2weeks of therapy with NTBC in a retrospective case analysis for @entity1391 metabolism and renal tubular function. RESULTS: Before starting NTBC therapy, all @entity1 manifested signs of @entity8 which included @entity5886 , @entity520 , reduced @entity1391 reabsorption, @entity9078 , @entity10200 ( @entity4434 ), and variable degree of @entity644 . Some @entity1 also presented increased urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio and raised fractional excretion of @entity1372 . Starting of NTBC therapy resulted in the rapid normalization of plasma @entity1391 within one week from its initiation in majority of @entity1 and in all @entity1 during the second week of therapy. TmP/GFR normalized in 48h, while the other markers of @entity8 showed an improving trend over 2weeks. CONCLUSIONS: NTBC is an efficient treatment for @entity8 in @entity5302 , allowing the return to normal function within a few weeks. Its early effect on renal tubular cells appeared to be very rapid, particularly in normalizing plasma @entity1391 and TmP/GFR. In our series of @entity1 , the TmP/GFR resulted as the most reliable index of tubular function.

title: Early effect of NTBC on @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular dysfunction', 'renal tubular disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9078 :: ('MESH:D000608', 'Disease') :: ['aminoaciduria']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity5302 :: ('MESH:D020176', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1', 'HT1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi syndrome']

answer: @entity5302 :: (MESH:D020176,Disease) :: ['hereditary tyrosinemia type 1']


abstract: AIM: We examined changes in general psychopathology during psychotherapy of @entity1 with @entity1277 . We were also interested in distinguishing motivational characteristics of completers and dropouts with @entity448 and @entity1279 . METHOD: All subjects completed two self-descriptive measures: Motivational Inventory and Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-72). Questionnaires were completed three times: during the qualification visit, at admission and two weeks before discharge. RESULTS: It was observed that general psychopathology among @entity1 with @entity1278 decreased. Comparing to completers with @entity1279 with @entity1278 had a higher level of activity factor before the treatment. Dropouts with @entity1278 differed from completers in decreased level of threat factor and activity factor. Completers with @entity6426 contrasted markedly with statistically meaningful decrease of the Body Mass Index. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of cognitive-behavioural-social psychotherapy of @entity1 with @entity1277 seems to be confirmed by large decrease of general psychopathology. Dropouts with @entity448 seem to have poorer insight concerned with lower need of health activity.

title: [Motivational factors in psychotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa completers', 'bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']