abstract: Despite thymic deletion of cells with specificity for self-antigens, autoreactive T cells are readily detectable in the normal T-cell repertoire. In recent years, a population of @entity404 (+) T cells that constitutively express the @entity1199 receptor-alpha chain, @entity2902 , has been shown to play a pivotal role in the maintenance of self-tolerance in rodent models. This study investigated whether such a regulatory population exists in @entity1 . A population of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells, taken from the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and phenotypically distinct from recently activated @entity404 (+) T cells, was characterized. These cells were hyporesponsive to conventional T-cell stimuli and capable of suppressing the responses of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) T cells in vitro. Addition of exogenous @entity1199 abrogated the @entity6306 and suppressive effects of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells. Suppression required cell-to-cell contact but did not appear to be via the inhibition of antigen-presenting cells. In addition, there were marked changes in the expression of Notch pathway molecules and their downstream signaling products at the transcriptional level, specifically in @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells, suggesting that this family of molecules plays a role in the regulatory function of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells. Cells with similar phenotype and function were detected in umbilical venous blood from healthy newborn @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells represent a population of regulatory T cells that arise during fetal life. Comparison with rodent @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells suggests that this population may play a key role in the prevention of @entity792 in @entity1 .

title: @entity1 XXXX (+) cells: a naturally occurring population of regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD4(+)CD25']


abstract: Clinical data of 29 @entity1 with uterine @entity600 treated at the Fertility Unit, Service and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. G. Grant B. Clinical Hospital, Concepci  n Chile from January 1978 to May 1990 are presented. Uterine septa (19 cases, 65.5%) were the most common uterine @entity600 found. Less frequent were: uterus bicornuous 7 cases (24.1%) and uterus didelphis 3 cases (10.4%). The high frequency (92.8%) of pregnancy wastage is detached. Surgical treatment was practiced in 24 @entity1 . Thirteen Tompkins and 5 Jones techniques were performed in 18 uterine septa. Five Strassman techniques and one extirpation of a rudimentary not communicated horn were practised in the 6 cases with uterus bicornuous. In @entity1 with adequate follow-up, the overall term birth rate after metroplasty is 84.6% compared with only 2.4% before surgical treatment. This study concludes that in despite of the lack of hysteroscopy as a new method of uterine septa treatment our @entity1 's @entity249 was benefited with surgical treatment of @entity4547 .

title: [Surgical treatment of uterine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4547 :: ('MESH:C562565', 'Disease') :: ['uterine anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ) is the most severe syndrome associated with @entity3964 infections. Experimental evidence suggests that disease results from the sequestration of parasitized-red blood cells (pRBCs) together with inflammatory leukocytes within brain capillaries. We have previously shown that NK cells stimulate migration of CXCR3(+) T cells to the brain of @entity36698 -infected @entity19 . Here we investigated whether interactions between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the induction of T cell responses involved in disease. For that, NK cell-depleted and control @entity19 were infected with transgenic parasites expressing model T cell epitopes. T cells from TCR @entity19 specific for those epitopes were adoptively transferred and proliferation was determined. NK cell depletion significantly reduced CD8(+) but not @entity1961 (+) DC-mediated T cell priming. Lack of NK cells did not compromise CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-12(-/-) @entity19 , suggesting that NK cells stimulate IL-12 output by DCs required for optimal T cell priming. The contribution of DCs to NK cell function was also investigated. DC depletion and genetic deletion of IL-12 dramatically reduced NK cell-mediated IFN-y responses to @entity311 . Thus NK cells and DCs engage in reciprocal activation for the induction of inflammatory responses involved in severe @entity311 .

title: NK cells and conventional dendritic cells engage in reciprocal activation for the induction of inflammatory responses during XXXX infection.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity36698 :: ('5823', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei ANKA']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity36698 :: (5823,Species) :: ['Plasmodium berghei ANKA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: To describe the imaging findings of two cases of @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL) mimicking @entity15 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: Two cases presenting with neurological signs and symptoms were referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the brain. Case 1 was a 36-year-old female @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity10 in the fingers of the right hand. Neurological examination showed a mild @entity51 in the right hand. Case 2 was a 31-year-old female @entity1 presenting with attacks of right-sided numbness of the face and body. The neurological examination revealed a sensory loss in the face and brisk deep tendon reflexes. Routine MRI sequences showed two types of lesions in both cases: 'punctate' hyperintense lesions on T(2)-weighted images (T(2)WI)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, hypointense on T(1)-weighted images (T(1)WI) and 'diffuse' white matter lesions, hyperintense on T(2)WI/FLAIR sequences and isointense to hypointense on T(1)WI. All lesions showed no contrast enhancement. Both cases were previously clinically and radiologically diagnosed as @entity15 . There was a strong family history consistent with recurrent @entity1188 in other family members of both @entity1 . Both cases were later diagnosed as CADASIL by skin biopsy/genetic linkage studies and follow-up. CONCLUSION: The cases showed that CADASIL causes @entity64 -like episodes in adults and can mimic @entity15 on imaging. Clinical evaluation and MRI findings allow a differentiation of the two entities.

title: @entity74 with @entity1188 and XXXX : an imaging mimic of @entity15 . A report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches and recent onset numbness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiating @entity717 is critical for appropriate treatment, prognosis, and for clinical trials. In clinical trials this is especially important as effects can be diluted by inclusion of inappropriately diagnosed @entity1 . In early disease duration phases, disorders often have overlapping clinical features, such as impairments in repetitive finger movement, making diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine and compare repetitive finger movement performance in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity191 , @entity7463 , and @entity164 . METHODS: @entity1 completed an unconstrained index finger flexion/extension movement (i.e. finger tap) in time with an incremental acoustic tone. Measures of movement rate, movement amplitude, and coefficient of variation were compared among groups. RESULTS: Significant differences between groups were revealed for movement rate at faster tone rates. @entity1 with @entity191 tended to tap faster than the tone rate while @entity1 with @entity7463 and @entity164 tended to tap slower. No significant differences were revealed for movement amplitude, but @entity1 with @entity164 demonstrated greater variance in amplitude than @entity1 with @entity191 . CONCLUSION: Quantitative analysis of repetitive finger movement performance at faster rates may be helpful to differentiate @entity191 , @entity7463 and @entity164 .

title: Repetitive finger movement performance differs among @entity191 , XXXX , and @entity164 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia', 'spinocerebellar ataxias']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive Supranuclear Palsy']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['Progressive Supranuclear Palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asbestos exposure can lead to a variety of adverse effects in the thorax. Although currently in the western world, levels of exposure are kept in check by strict regulations, history of previous @entity1355 exposure continues to have an effect on many, owing to the latent nature of the pathophysiological response of the body to the inhaled fibers. The adverse effects of @entity1355 generally fall under 3 categories: @entity456 , @entity358 , and @entity5 . Effects on the pleura include @entity1143 , plaques, and diffuse @entity456 . In the parenchyma, rounded atelectasis, @entity2372 , and @entity1355 are observed. Differentiating @entity1355 from other forms of @entity401 , such as @entity2416 , @entity2416 , smoking-related @entity358 , and mixed @entity401 , is important because the prognosis, @entity66 , and management of the @entity1 should be tailored based on the specific etiology of the disease. In this review, imaging findings specific to @entity1355 are discussed. Finally, exposure to @entity1355 can lead to @entity5 such as @entity2615 , @entity298 , and @entity153 . The purpose of this article is to review the effects of @entity1355 exposure in the thorax, pathophysiology of these responses, and disease course. Particular emphasis is placed on the radiographic appearance of the disease, discussion of various imaging modalities and their utility, and the role of imaging in the management of @entity1 with previous @entity1355 exposure and @entity1355 -related @entity358 .

title: XXXX : A Pictorial Review.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['course of disease']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic bands']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['usual interstitial pneumonia', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary disease', 'lung parenchymal disease']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening', 'pleural disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Asbestos-Related Lung Disease']


abstract: Using activation tagging in the @entity958 Col-0 rps2-101C background, we identified a mutant ( @entity19054 -3D) that showed virtually no symptoms after inoculation with virulent @entity14348 bacteria. The dominant, gain-of-function phenotype of the @entity19054 -3D mutant is due to over-expression of a class 3 @entity1785 -containing mono-oxygenase (FMO). We recapitulated the @entity19054 -3D mutant phenotype in independent transgenic Col-0 lines over-expressing the @entity19054 cDNA under the control of the 35S @entity3260 promoter. The increased basal resistance observed in the @entity19054 -3D mutant was also effective against the taxonomically unrelated downy mildew-causing pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica. By investigating the progeny from crosses of the @entity19054 -3D mutant with the NahG transgenic line, we showed that the enhanced basal resistance phenotype was dependent on the accumulation of @entity3785 . @entity19054 -3D plants showed wild-type resistant reactions after inoculation with avirulent bacteria, indicating that the R-gene-mediated defence physiology was not compromised by @entity19054 over-expression. Transcripts of the class 3 @entity19054 gene accumulated within 6 h after inoculation of wild-type Col-0 plants with avirulent Pst + avrRpt2 cells. Moreover, a T-DNA insertion into the @entity19054 gene resulted in enhanced susceptibility to virulent @entity14348 and Hyaloperonospora parasitica, suggesting that expression of the @entity19054 gene is a hitherto undescribed component of the plant's resistance repertoire. We discuss the possibility that the FMO may participate in the detoxification of virulence factors produced by pathogens.

title: A role for a @entity1785 -containing mono-oxygenase in resistance against microbial pathogens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity14348 :: ('223283', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE. To review the outcomes of 53 @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for @entity174 . METHODS. Medical records of 31 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 aged 22 to 78 (mean, 51) years who underwent MIPO using a locking compression plate for @entity174 of the left (n=28) and right (n=25) legs with or without intra-articular extension were reviewed. RESULTS. @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 26 (range, 24-38) months. The mean time from injury to surgery was 9 (range, 3-12) days. The mean operating time was 105 (range, 75-180) minutes. The mean hospital stay was 16 (range, 8-25) days. Non-weight bearing walking with a crutch was started after a mean of 5.7 (range, 3-9) days. The mean time to callus formation was 12 (range, 8-15) weeks. The mean time to full weight bearing was 15 (range, 8-22) weeks. The mean time to bone union was 25 (range, 20-30) weeks. All except 2 @entity174 united anatomically. At 10 months, the range of motion of the ankle joint in all @entity1 was similar to the contralateral side. Two @entity1 had malunion but this was not clinically significant. Five @entity1 had superficial infection, and 2 @entity1 had persistent @entity158 . CONCLUSION. MIPO is effective for closed, unstable @entity174 of the distal tibia. It reduces surgical @entity130 and preserves fracture haematoma.

title: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal tibial fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal tibial fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A functional observational battery (FOB) is recommended as the first-tier @entity2359 screening in the preclinical safety pharmacology testing guidelines. Minipigs have increasingly been used in regulatory toxicology studies; however, no current FOB protocol is available for @entity2359 testing in these species. Hence, a minipig FOB instrument was developed. A complete crossover study with Sinclair minipigs was performed to evaluate physiologic, neurologic, and behavioral effects of @entity4944 , @entity3652 , and @entity3175 . The treated minipigs were first observed in their home cage, were video-recorded for 10 minutes in an open field, and then went through a complete neurologic examination. Both @entity3652 and @entity3175 were shown to reduce the freezing and behavior shifts of treated minipigs, while increasing their exploratory behaviors. Both drugs also caused muscular and @entity73 . The effects of @entity3652 and @entity3175 were consistent with their roles as central nervous system (CNS) suppressants. Unique effects were also observed with @entity3652 and @entity3175 treatments, which may reflect their unique mechanisms of action. Consistent with its role as a CNS stimulant, @entity4944 caused the treated minipigs to be hyperactive and to display increased freezing and behavior shifts and reduced exploring activities. These effects of @entity4944 were opposite to those observed with @entity3652 and @entity3175 . @entity4944 also increased locomotion in the treated minipigs. The present effects of @entity4944 , @entity3652 , and @entity3175 are in agreement with observations by others. In conclusion, the minipig is a suitable species for FOB evaluation of pharmaceuticals in preclinical safety pharmacology testing.

title: Development of a Functional Observational Battery in the Minipig for Regulatory XXXX Assessments.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait impairment']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['Neurotoxicity']


abstract: We studied desensitization of nicotinic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) receptor channels in the clonal BC3H-1 cell line. We measured the current response to rapid perfusion of outside-out patches with 1 microM to 5 mM @entity1617 , @entity5402 and @entity8622 . After binding to the receptors and opening the ion channels, all agonists induce a rapid, concentration-dependent decay of channel activity. The time constant of the current decay ranged from several seconds at low agonist concentrations to about 50 ms at saturating concentrations. The decay rate at saturating concentrations was independent of voltage. The ratio of steady-state to peak current ranged from 0.5 at low agonist concentrations to 0.02 or less at high concentrations. The rate of recovery from desensitization after removal of agonist was also measured. For @entity1617 , the recovery time constant was 320 ms; recovery from desensitization by @entity5402 was twice as fast. A linear kinetic results. The data are consistent with a cyclic model, although, it is not possible to uniquely determine all of the rate constants in this scheme. The results are compared with competitive binding and single channel studies of desensitization in BC3H-1 cells.

title: Desensitization of XXXX receptors in BC3H-1 cells.

entities_list: @entity8622 :: ('MESH:C009335', 'Chemical') :: ['suberyldicholine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between pulmonary arterial and small airway inflammation in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: @entity1 requiring lung resection for @entity2 were divided into group A (nonsmokers with normal lung function, n = 10), group B (smokers with normal lung function, n = 13) and group C (smokers with stable @entity1030 , n = 10). Normal pulmonary tissue was obtained more than 5 cm away from @entity5 . The pathomorphological changes of the pulmonary @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and small airways were observed by HE and Victoria blue-Van Gieson's stains.Lymphocytes infiltrated in the @entity121 and small airways were observed by immunohistochemical methods. The characteristics and the correlations between @entity55 and small airway inflammation were analyzed. RESULTS: The thickness of @entity121 wall in the three groups was (119    11), (139    25) and (172    28)  m respectively. The total small airway pathology score was (49    10), (101    34) and (163    36) respectively. The score in group B and C was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05), and the thickness of @entity121 wall and total small airway pathology score in group C was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). The degree of @entity1050 (+)3 T-lymphocytes and @entity1050 (+)8 T-lymphocytes infiltration in the intima, media and adventitia of @entity121 and epithelial layer, lamina propria and adventitia of small airway in group B and C was more significant than that in group A, especially @entity1050 (+)8 T-lymphocytes infiltration in adventitia of @entity121 and small airway (P < 0.05). Expression of @entity1050 (+)4 T-lymphocytes on epithelial layer, lamina propria and adventitia of small airway in group C was higher than that in group A (P < 0.05), but the @entity1050 (+)4/ @entity1050 (+)8 ratio in the whole layer of airway wall declined (P < 0.01). Among three groups, the infiltration of B-lymphocytes in three layers compared each other had no statistical differences (P > 0.05). The infiltration of @entity1050 (+)3T-lymphocytes and @entity1050 (+)8T-lymphocytes in the whole layer of @entity121 was positively correlated with the total small airway pathology score respectively (r = 0.431,0.633, P < 0.05), and the degree of @entity1050 (+)3T-lymphocytes and @entity1050 (+)8T-lymphocytes infiltration in @entity121 showed positive correlation with that in small airway (r = 0.655,0.725, P < 0.01). The degree of @entity1050 (+)8T-lymphocytes infiltration in @entity121 and small airway was positively correlated with thickness of @entity121 (r = 0.589,0.556, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with stable @entity1030 , @entity1050 (+)8T-lymphocytes infiltration in the whole layer of pulmonary arteries and small airways is the same kind of inflammation, mainly in the adventitia of pulmonary arteries and small airways. They are a part of @entity55 in @entity1030 and promote the development of @entity1030 .

title: [The relationship between pulmonary arterial and small airway inflammation in smokers with and without XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial inflammation', 'pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'muscularized arteries']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity1824 of the gastrointestinal tract, composed of perivascular epithelioid cells with myomelanocytic differentiation, is rare with previous literature limited to 16 case reports. There is a marked female preponderance and approximately one-third of the cases occur in the pediatric age group. We report @entity1824 with lymph node involvement occurring in the rectum of a 15-year-old @entity1 , treated by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity1 is well at 9 months follow-up with neither radiologic nor endoscopic evidence of recurrence. We review the differential diagnosis of @entity1824 , which includes @entity320 , epithelioid @entity674 , clear cell @entity14495 , @entity11552 , @entity1822 with HMB45 expression, and @entity1823 . Immunohistochemistry can rule out many of these morphologically similar @entity5 but differentiation from clear cell @entity242 may require reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We discuss the determination of pathologic features indicative of @entity5 in @entity1824 , which is complicated in the gastrointestinal tract due to the small number of cases, variability of pathologic features reported, and inconsistent reporting of outcome. All 4 @entity5 reporting early recurrence or progression were greater than 5 cm in size and had areas of coagulative @entity5 @entity39 . In addition, high nuclear grade and @entity3 were seen in 2 of these 4 cases. We propose that a minimum dataset for gastrointestinal @entity1824 should include these features along with mitotic count, infiltrative border, and @entity5 stage analogous to that used in @entity14 .

title: Polypoid XXXX in the rectum of a 15-year-old @entity1 : case report and review of @entity1824 in the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal PEComa', 'PEComa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of soft parts']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1824 :: (MESH:D054973,Disease) :: ['PEComa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3811 of the wrist is uncommon although @entity210 itself is the most common @entity625 in older @entity1 . Some known risk factors for the development of @entity210 include @entity130 , @entity167 use, @entity28 , hyperuricaemia, @entity101 and @entity6 . As well, certain medications have been shown to promote the development of @entity210 . These include @entity2740 diuretics, low dose @entity8834 and @entity205 . We present a case of gouty wrist @entity158 possibly precipitated by a medication dosage increase as well as medication interactions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77 year old male presented with right wrist @entity158 . Redness and @entity4 was present at the dorsal aspect of his wrist and range of motion was full with @entity158 at end range upon examination. One week prior, his anti- @entity101 medication dosage had been increased. The @entity1 's situation continued to worsen. Radiographic examination revealed changes consistent with @entity3811 . CONCLUSION: It is important for clinicians treating joint conditions to be aware of @entity1 ' comorbidities, medication usage and changes in dosages. Education of @entity1 with @entity210 is of prime importance. Clinicians should educate @entity1 that @entity210 may occur at any joint in the body not only the lower limb. @entity1 should be aware of the signs and symptoms of an acute gouty attack and be made aware that changes in certain medication dosages may precipitate an attack. Awareness of radiographic changes associated with @entity210 is still of importance although these changes are not seen as frequently as they have been in the past due to better control of the disease.

title: An unusual case of XXXX in the wrist: the importance of monitoring medication dosage and interaction. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8834 :: ('MESH:D012459', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylates']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['Gouty arthritis', 'gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of the non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) @entity117 ( @entity7943 ), on ex vivo embryonic kidney growth and development. METHODS: Pairs of fetal @entity19 kidneys at embryonic day 12.5 were cultured ex vivo in increasing concentrations of @entity7943 (0.04-0.4 mg/mL) for up to 7 d. One organ from each pair was grown in control media and was used as the internal control for the experimental contralateral organ. In some experiments, organs were treated with @entity7943 for 48 h and then transferred either to control media alone or control media containing 10  mol/L @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) for a further 5 d. Fetal kidneys were additionally obtained from @entity3009 synthase 2 homozygous null or heterozygous ( @entity1996 (-/-) and @entity1996 (-/+)) embryos and grown in culture. Kidney cross-sectional area was used to determine treatment effects on kidney growth. Whole-mount labelling to fluorescently detect laminin enabled crude determination of epithelial branching using confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Increasing @entity7943 concentration (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL) significantly inhibited metanephric growth (P < 0.05). After 7 d of culture, exposure to 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL reduced organ size to 53% and 23% of control organ size respectively (P < 0.01). Addition of 10  mol/L @entity1421 to culture media after exposure to 0.2 mg/mL @entity7943 for 48 h resulted in a return of growth area to control levels. Application of control media alone after cessation of @entity7943 exposure showed no benefit on kidney growth. Despite the apparent recovery of growth area with 10  mol/L @entity1421 , no obvious renal tubular structures were formed. The number of epithelial tips generated after 48 h exposure to @entity7943 was reduced by 40% (0.2 mg/mL; P < 0.05) and 47% (0.4 mg/mL; P < 0.01). Finally, growth of @entity1996 (-/-) and @entity1996 (+/-) kidneys in organ culture showed no differences, indicating that @entity1996 derived @entity1421 may at best have a minor role. CONCLUSION: @entity7943 reduces early renal growth and development but the role of @entity2918 in this may be minor.

title: XXXX interferes with embryonic kidney growth and development by a @entity3009 -independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We retrospectively reviewed the results of @entity348 in @entity1 with @entity309 of the elbow followed for a minimum of two years. METHODS: Between September 1999 and March 2001, seven @entity1 with @entity309 of the elbow were treated with @entity348 using the semi-constrained Coonrad-Morrey elbow replacement prostheses. One @entity1 died 19 months after her surgery and was excluded from the study. Two @entity1 had bilateral total elbow replacements. Eight elbows were thus available for review. The mean age of our @entity1 at the time of surgery was 55.5 years. The indication for surgery was severe @entity158 and @entity174 in two elbows. RESULTS: The mean duration of postoperative hospitalisation stay was 6.6 days. The average length of follow-up was 39.4 months. Six elbows had no @entity158 , while two elbows had mild @entity158 . The mean arc of flexion was 101.3 degrees. The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 93.1 points. Excellent results were achieved in six elbows, while two elbows had good outcome. There was one case of intraoperative @entity174 treated with internal fixation. One @entity1 developed blisters postoperatively but resolved with dressings and antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Our small study revealed good to excellent short-term outcome with the use of semi-constrained @entity348 for the treatment of @entity309 of the elbow in Asian @entity1 .

title: Semi-constrained XXXX for the treatment of @entity309 of the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness in six elbows, and distal humerus fractures', 'lateral condylar fracture']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity263 (PC) who are diagnosed with Gleason score 6 at biopsy are ultimately found to harbor higher grade PC (Gleason >= 7) at radical prostatectomy. This finding increases risk of recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality. Validated clinical tools that are available preoperatively are needed to improve the ability to recognize likelihood of upgrading in @entity1 with low-risk PC. METHODS: More than 30 clinicopathologic parameters were assessed in consecutive @entity1 with Gleason 6 PC upon biopsy who underwent radical prostatectomy. A nomogram for predicting upgrading (Gleason >= 7) on final pathology was generated using multivariable logistic regression in a development cohort of 431 @entity1 . External validation was performed in 2 separate cohorts consisting of 1151 @entity1 and 392 @entity1 . Nomogram performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration, and decision analysis. RESULTS: On multivariable analysis, variables predicting upgrading were prostate-specific antigen density using ultrasound (odds ratio [OR] = 229, P = .003), @entity28 (OR = 1.90, P = .05), number of positive cores (OR = 1.23, P = .01), and maximum core involvement (OR = 0.02, P = .01). On internal validation, the bootstrap-corrected predictive accuracy was 0.753. External validation revealed a predictive accuracy of 0.677 and 0.672. The nomogram demonstrated excellent calibration in all 3 cohorts and decision curves demonstrated high net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities. The nomogram demonstrated areas under the curve of 0.597 to 0.672 for predicting upgrading in subsets of @entity1 with very low-risk PC who meet active surveillance criteria (all P < .001), allowing further risk stratification of these individuals. CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram was developed and externally validated that uses preoperative clinical parameters and biopsy findings to predict the risk of pathological upgrading in Gleason 6 @entity1 . This can be used to further inform @entity1 with lower risk PC who are considering treatment or active surveillance.

title: Development and multi-institutional validation of an upgrading risk tool for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Gleason 6 prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and @entity137 of a combination regimen of @entity2600 and @entity1138 as second-line chemotherapy for pretreated @entity1 with advanced, metastatic, or both, @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with pretreated @entity3 or early relapsed after adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Entry criteria included histologic/cytologic diagnosis of @entity356 , age 18 to 75 years, performance status > or =70 (Karnofsky scale), bi-dimensionally measurable disease. @entity1 received @entity2600 and @entity1138 at the dosage of 150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15, and 8 mg/m2 on day 1, respectively, every 4 weeks. The disease evaluation was done every 3 cycles. RESULTS: Among the 38 @entity1 we observed, 1 (3%) complete response and 11 (29%) partial responses for an overall response rate of 32% according to an intent-to-treat analysis. The median duration of response was 6.5 months. The median time to progression was 4 months with a median overall survival 8 months. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and the only grade 3-4 observed @entity137 were @entity1431 (8%), @entity1398 (21%), and @entity417 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2600 and @entity1138 is an active and well tolerated second-line treatment in pretreated @entity356 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to test its role in first-line treatment.

title: @entity2600 ( XXXX ) and @entity1138 (MMC) as second-line therapy in advanced @entity356 : a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell' Italia Meridionale (prot. 2106).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-c']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['CPT-11']


abstract: 1. Previous studies have indicated that the permeability of @entity968 across the @entity1 intestine is anomalously high in comparison with the permeability of @entity3363 with similar molecular mass. In consequence it has been proposed that two or more distinct mechanisms must exist for the translocation of these classes of molecule or, alternatively, that the molecular parameter determining rate of penetration is each molecule's minimum molecular dimension. 2. The notional @entity3884 -bonding capacity of a molecule correlates well with oil-water partition coefficient and also, in a variety of experimental systems, with rate of passive diffusion across biological membranes. A molecule's @entity3884 -bonding capacity is calculated by inspecting the structural formula and summing the individual theory-derived @entity3884 -bonding capacities of the molecule's functional groups. 3. A classic set of intestinal permeability data that includes several @entity10977 oligomers and several @entity3363 is re-analysed. A good correlation between permeability and @entity3884 -bonding capacity is demonstrated. Specifically, there is no discontinuity between the @entity968 and the @entity3363 . The data are compatible with a simple model in which all the molecules studied cross the intestine by passive diffusion across cellular membranes.

title: Intestinal permeability to @entity968 and XXXX : a re-evaluation.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyleneglycol']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol', 'polyethyleneglycols']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['sugars']


abstract: The composition of skeletal muscle fibre expressed as a percentage of slow twitch (ST), type I or "red" and fast twitch (FT), type II or "white" were determined in @entity1 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) or with severe @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and compared to age matched controls. Similarly, exercise capacity expressed as the cycle intensity eliciting a blood @entity880 concentration corresponding to 2.0 mmol x 1-1 were compared with healthy controls. Both @entity1 groups had a higher percentage of FT fibres with relatively lower exercise capacities than their controls. The exercise capacities were reduced even when the relationship of decreased capacity with the percentage of increased FT was considered. There was an increase @entity299 but not in @entity101 in @entity1 with fibre subgroup FTc, which most probably reflected fibre @entity130 . Both @entity1 groups were low in the skeletal muscle mitochondrial electron carrier and unspecific antioxidant @entity12931 , @entity7447 or @entity7447 . @entity1 with @entity299 but not @entity101 showed, however, a faster fall in the ratio @entity7447 over ST% the higher the percentage value of ST. The ratio reflects the antioxidant activity related to @entity7447 in the fibre hosting most of the oxidative metabolism. A low ratio indicates a risk of @entity9555 and cell @entity130 . This could explain fibre plasticity and offer an alternative cause to heredity in elucidating in deviating muscle fibre composition in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity299 .

title: Muscle fibre types, @entity12931 content and exercise capacity in XXXX and effort angina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic lesion']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 falls have been identified as a significant health problem in the general hospital @entity1 population. The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) is an individualized criterion-referenced assessment tool designed for measuring the likelihood of @entity1 falls in hospitals. Despite the scale has demonstrated high validity and reliability in the previous researches, this study is to provide additional validity tests to determine the applicability in the Chinese hospital population. OBJECTIVES: To examine the predictive power of the @entity2653 to predict @entity1 falls. To conduct reliability tests on internal consistency, item analysis, inter-rater and test-retest reliability. DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: The medical and geriatric units of three rehabilitation hospitals in Hong Kong participated in the study. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 954 Chinese @entity1 was recruited sequentially upon admission in the hospital ward units. They ranged in age from 17 to 100 years, with a mean of 70.2 years. METHODS: The @entity1 were assessed for fall risk using the @entity2653 on admission. Data was collected on the number of @entity1 who fell rather than the number of falls. RESULTS: The scale had a sensitivity of 31% and a specificity of 83% when the cut-off point was determined at 45. The field test demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability with an ICC value of 0.97 (95%CI 0.94-0.98). Repeatability was high with an ICC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.98-0.99). The evaluation revealed a low Cronbach's alpha coefficient and a low to moderate item-to-scale correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence collected in this study has shown both the positive and negative aspects of using the @entity2653 in assessing the fall risk of Chinese @entity1 during rehabilitation. The discriminative validity and internal consistency reliability provide researchers and clinicians with a major step in further developing or modifying the scale.

title: Evaluation of the XXXX : applicability in Chinese hospital populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Morse Fall Scale', 'MFS']

answer: @entity2653 :: (MESH:C538175,Disease) :: ['Morse Fall Scale']


abstract: @entity28233 (FA) specifically inhibits the growth of the ventral prostate in @entity35 not through antiandrogenic mechanisms (Saito et al. Experientia 35: 696, 1979). Levels of @entity4663 in the @entity35 ventral prostate were determined before and after FA administration (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg BW, s.c., for 5 days). SD strain male @entity35 , 5 approximately 7 weeks of age, were used. The ventral prostates were homogenized with 10% @entity2974 and centrifuged. The supernatant was washed twice with @entity4543 , freeze-dried, and redissolved in distilled water. Then, the contents of @entity7224 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 were measured by an isotachograph (LKB), using a leading buffer composed of 5 mM @entity58754 /15 mM @entity4857 , pH 9.94, and a terminating buffer composed of 20 mM @entity58755 , pH 10.20. Total @entity4663 were reduced dose-dependently (12.12, 9.95, 9.10 and 7.74 nmol/mg wet tissue at 0, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg FA, respectively). @entity11667 was more sensitive to FA than @entity8037 . According to the attitude of the @entity11667 / @entity8037 ratio, the inhibition of @entity7222 decarboxylase by FA has been suggested.

title: [Effect of trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid ( XXXX ) on polyamine level in the @entity35 ventral prostate].

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['Ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine', 'Spermine']

entities_list: @entity58755 :: ('MESH:C007306', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylether']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine', 'spermidine']

answer: @entity28233 :: (MESH:C004999,Chemical) :: ['ferulic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For @entity1 with acute @entity64 due to @entity432 , it has recently been shown that mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with stent retrievers is better than medical treatment alone. However, few hospitals can provide MT 24 h/day 365 days/year, and it remains unclear whether selected @entity1 with @entity64 should be directly transferred to the nearest MT-providing hospital to prevent treatment delays. Clinical scales such as Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) have been developed to predict @entity432 at a pre-hospital level, but their predictive value for MT is low. We propose new criteria to identify @entity1 eligible for MT, with higher accuracy. METHODS: The Direct Referral to Endovascular Center criteria were defined based on a retrospective cohort of 317 @entity1 admitted to a @entity64 center. The association of age, sex, RACE scale score and blood pressure with the likelihood of receiving MT were analyzed. Cut-off points with the highest association were thereafter evaluated in a prospective cohort of 153 @entity1 from nine @entity64 units comprising the @entity64 Network. RESULTS: @entity1 with a RACE scale score >=  5, systolic blood pressure <190 mmHg and age <81 years showed a significantly higher probability of undergoing MT (odds ratio, 33.38; 95% confidence interval, 12-92.9). This outcome was confirmed in the prospective cohort, with 68% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 42% positive and 94% negative predictive values for MT, ruling out 83% of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: The Direct Referral to Endovascular Center criteria could be useful for identifying @entity1 suitable for MT.

title: The Direct Referral to Endovascular Center criteria: a proposal for pre-hospital evaluation of XXXX in the @entity64 Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Madrid Stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['large-vessel occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: This study was carried out on 35 @entity1 with undifferentiated genetic @entity393 attending the @entity1 Genetics Clinic, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University. Their ages ranged from three months to 25.5 years. Females were commonly affected than males. The high parental consanguinity (75%) with high inbreeding coefficient (0.04) declared the role played by consanguinity, which is an important risk factor, in the occurrence of the abnormality. The type of @entity393 in all @entity1 is sensorineural. The diagnosis of deaf @entity1 was done by means of pedigree analysis and audiometric criteria. They were classified according to their diagnosis into four cases with dominant inheritance, 21 cases having @entity2319 showed @entity74 with a recurrence risk of 0.277+/-(1.96) (0.10), one case with childhood @entity2319 also showed @entity74 and one case with X-linked inheritance. Six cases were isolated cases, their mode of inheritance was indefinite except one case which may have suggested dominant inheritance. Two cases of @entity2167 in childhood also suggesting genetic causes were included. Genetic counselling was offered to the deaf parents to help the family to accept and adjust to the birth of a deaf @entity1 . The nature of the condition, prognosis and recurrence risk were explained to the parents.

title: Inheritance of non-syndromal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'congenital deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive inheritance']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic deafness']


abstract: @entity43 is one of the major causes of @entity204 among @entity1 . The increasing knowledge about molecular events involved in the early stages of ovarian tumorigenesis may provide the basis for management in the future. In a series of 109 @entity1 with @entity189 in FIGO stages IA-IIC, a number of clinicopathologic prognostic factors (age, FIGO stage, histopathologic type, and @entity5 grade) were studied in relation to the biologic factors @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity589 , which are important regulators of apoptosis. Immunohistochemical techniques were used. All the @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy after the primary surgery. Univariate analysis showed that expression of @entity876 was significantly associated with @entity5 grade (P = 0.014), probability of persistent disease (P = 0.016), and @entity5 -specific survival rate (P = 0.007). Positive @entity588 staining was associated with @entity5 subtype (P = 0.029) and a favorable @entity5 grade distribution (P = 0.034), but not with the survival status. The combined @entity876 - @entity588 expression was related to histopathologic subtype (P = 0.032), @entity5 grade (P = 0.011), persistent disease (P = 0.014), and risk of dying due to the disease (P = 0.039). The @entity589 status was not a prognostic factor, but the combined @entity876 - @entity589 expression showed an association with FIGO stage (P = 0.014), @entity5 grade (P = 0.034), persistent disease (P = 0.006), and risk of dying due to the disease (P = 0.039). The combined @entity588 - @entity589 expression was related to histopathologic subtype (P = 0.045) and @entity5 grade (P = 0.022). In a multivariate Cox analysis, @entity5 grade (P = 0.014), and @entity876 status (P = 0.020) were independent and significant prognostic factors with regard to the @entity5 -specific survival rate.

title: The prognostic importance of @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity589 in early XXXX treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endometrioid tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate that @entity172 affects hippocampal synaptic plasticity through rapid nongenomic mechanisms, possibly by binding to plasma membrane @entity172 receptors (ERs). We have previously shown that @entity7605 immunoreactivity (ir) is in select interneuron nuclei and in several extranuclear locations, including dendritic spines and axon terminals, within the @entity35 hippocampal formation (Milner et al., [2001] J Comp Neurol 429:355). The present study sought to determine the cellular and subcellular locations of @entity12209 -ir. Coronal hippocampal sections from diestrus @entity35 were immunolabeled with antibodies to @entity12209 and examined by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, @entity12209 -ir was primarily in the perikarya and proximal dendrites of pyramidal and granule cells. @entity12209 -ir was also in a few nonprincipal cells and scattered nuclei in the ventral subiculum and CA3 region. Ultrastructural analysis revealed @entity12209 -ir at several extranuclear sites in all hippocampal subregions. @entity12209 -ir was affiliated with cytoplasmic organelles, especially endomembranes and mitochondria, and with plasma membranes primarily of principal cell perikarya and proximal dendrites. @entity12209 -ir was in dendritic spines, many arising from pyramidal and granule cell dendrites. In both dendritic shafts and spines, @entity12209 -ir was near the perisynaptic zone adjacent to synapses formed by unlabeled terminals. @entity12209 -ir was in preterminal axons and axon terminals, associated with clusters of small, synaptic vesicles. @entity12209 -labeled terminals formed both asymmetric and symmetric synapses with dendrites. @entity12209 -ir also was detected in glial profiles. The cellular and subcellular localization of @entity12209 -ir was generally similar to that of @entity7605 , except that @entity12209 was more extensively found at extranuclear sites. These results suggest that @entity12209 may serve primarily as a nongenomic transducer of @entity172 actions in the hippocampal formation.

title: Ultrastructural localization of XXXX receptor beta immunoreactivity in the @entity35 hippocampal formation.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: present the experience of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in Campinas, thereby changing the habits of young @entity1 . METHODS: The organizers visited the participating schools talking to the students, who are aged between 14-18 years. These students spent an afternoon at the Clinics Hospital of Unicamp, where, for four hours, they attended lectures of the organizers, partners and municipal sectors, and also visited the hospital, talking with @entity130 victims. Questionnaires were evaluated between2010-2012, being applied before and after the project. RESULTS: 2,450 high school students attended the program. The mean age is 16    0,99 years and 37.6% were male. 3.6% of males already drive while drunk versus 0.8% of @entity1 . Before the project 116 (11.3%) thought that drunk driving wasn't a risk, and only 37 (3.6%) knew the @entity167 effects. After the project, 441 (43%) began to consider drunk driving a risk and 193 (18.8%) know the @entity167 effects when driving. 956 (93.3%) considered that prevention projects have a huge impact on their formation. CONCLUSION: It's expected that the attendees will act as multipliers of information, conveying the message of prevention to their entire social circles resulting in reduction in the number of @entity130 events involving the young, in the long term.

title: Importance of multidisciplinary XXXX prevention program for youth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Document the safety, effectiveness and acceptability of @entity3543 sterilization (QS) as an alternative to surgical sterilization in Libyan @entity1 . METHODS: This study was initiated 1 October 1998 at the Misurata Central Hospital and Lamis Clinic. @entity1 intake was completed 30 September 2002. The cut-off date for this analysis was 31 December 2002. A total of 200 @entity1 were given 2 doses, each consisting of 252 mg of @entity3543 in the form of 7 pellets inserted one month apart. They were placed at the uterine fundus during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle using a modified IUD inserter. @entity1 were asked to report any unusual observations or side effects and instructed to use a barrier method or safe period for one month from the time of the first insertion. Follow-up was scheduled at 3, 6 and 12 months after the date of the second insertion and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 have been monitored for up to 3 years and follow-up of all @entity1 continues. There has been no loss to follow-up. No side effects of any consequence have been reported. Thus far, no pregnancies have been reported for this protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study are consistent with those seen in other countries. QS has been shown to be safe, effective and acceptable among Libyan @entity1 .

title: XXXX sterilization in Libya: 200 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'quinacrine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity3543 :: (MESH:D011796,Chemical) :: ['Quinacrine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a @entity1030 characterized by @entity32 centered upon bronchial epithelium. House dust mite is one of the most common respiratory allergens that trigger exacerbations of @entity565 . IkB   (gene @entity29104 ) is a recently recognized member of the NFkB family that can be induced in both mononuclear phagocytes and lung epithelial cells and has been shown to play a prominent role in epithelial cell function. We therefore analyzed IkB  's role in regulating lung epithelial cell cytokine responses to @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ). We found that @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells express IkB  , and release @entity650 and @entity2841 when co-cultured with @entity1 monocytes and @entity6711 . This response is blocked in the presence of @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) indicating that it is @entity1356 mediated. Interestingly, neither @entity6711 -stimulated macrophages nor dendritic cells release @entity1356 and subsequently induce cytokine release from the bronchial epithelial cells. @entity11704 LPS (RS-LPS), a TLR4 antagonist, blocks the ability of @entity6711 to induce IkB   and release @entity2841 from epithelial cells co-cultured with monocytes. Additionally, the @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells show no induction of IkB   or cytokine responses to direct @entity6711 stimulation. Finally, @entity29104 siRNA-mediated knockdown in the bronchial epithelial cells suppresses the release of @entity1356 induced @entity650 and @entity2841 . Our findings indicate a possible role for monocyte recruitment and lung epithelial cell IkB   in mediating @entity565 associated @entity32 . Thus, IkB  , @entity1193 and RS-LPS deserve future study as potential modulators of house dust mite induced @entity565 .

title: House Dust Mite Allergens Induce Monocyte @entity1356 Production Triggering an IkB   Dependent @entity2841 Release from XXXX Lung Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['house dust mite mix', 'HDM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIM: Although @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) is one of the biliary complications of liver transplantation, analytical studies, particularly on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) cases, are rare. This study aimed to clarify the incidence of and risk factors for @entity1157 following LDLT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity1 who underwent LDLT at our institute from August 2000 to May 2012, and analyzed their clinical characteristics and risk factors for @entity1157 . RESULTS: Of these, 10 @entity1 (10.0%) developed @entity1157 during the observation period. The median follow-up period to @entity1157 diagnosis was 45.5 months (range, 5-84) after LDLT. Univariate analysis revealed male sex, right lobe graft and @entity1157 as factors that significantly correlated with @entity1157 formation. Multivariate analysis revealed @entity1157 (odds ratio, 7.17; P   =   0.011) and right lobe graft (odds ratio, 10.20; P   =   0.040) to be independent risk factors for @entity1157 formation. One @entity1 with @entity1157 and @entity253 succumbed to sepsis from @entity255 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, right lobe graft and @entity1157 are independent risk factors for @entity1157 formation after LDLT. More careful observation and monitoring are required in the @entity1 with high-risk factors.

title: Incidence of and risk factors for bile duct stones after living donor liver transplantation: An analysis of 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stone', 'bile duct strictures', 'BDS']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The treatment outcome for most adults with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) remains unacceptable. Additional agents or substitution of high-dose @entity2592 for conventional-dose @entity2592 during induction does not improve the remission rate or overall survival. There is substantial @entity137 with high-dose @entity2592 during induction. Thus, induction therapy for newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity3052 should consist of @entity2592 (100 mg/m(2) as a continuous intravenous infusion over 24 hours for 7 days) and @entity5699 , @entity8779 , or @entity2664 . Meta-analysis demonstrates a modest benefit for @entity8779 . Most @entity1 who achieve a remission should receive further therapy with two to four cycles of high-dose @entity2592 . Allogeneic stem cell transplant is reserved for @entity1 with poor risk features. There is no role for autologous stem cell transplant in first remission outside a clinical trial. The majority of adults relapse. Salvage therapy usually consists of high-dose @entity2592 . Allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation is preferred in second or subsequent remission. Uncommon diseases such as @entity3052 , for which the outcome remains poor, should be treated on clinical trials whenever possible.

title: XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: From the general population in the county of Uppsala, Sweden, 1,596 @entity1 with @entity456 fulfilling strict radiologic criteria were identified from 1963 until June 1985. The @entity1 have been followed prospectively for 16,369 @entity1 -years. The number of @entity2615 and @entity153 was compared with the age- and year-specific expected incidence from the official @entity5 registry of Sweden. Fifty @entity153 occurred, while 32.1 were expected after correction for smoking habits, a difference which was statistically significant. @entity1 with radiologic @entity1355 were overrepresented among those with @entity153 . The risk for @entity1 with @entity456 without @entity1355 was increased 1.4 times, which was statistically significant. There were 9 @entity2615 , while only 0.8 were expected. The mean latency time from first exposure to diagnosis of @entity5 was 44.1 years and for @entity2615 was 48.1 years. Thus, @entity456 on the chest roentgenogram indicate significant exposure to asbestos, with an increased risk for @entity2615 and possibly also for @entity153 . Any @entity1 found to have plaques on chest roentgenogram should be informed of them and should be persuaded to stop smoking.

title: @entity456 and risk for @entity153 and XXXX . A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinomas', 'bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural plaques']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the large number of @entity1 having mammography-an estimated 28.4 million U.S. @entity1 aged 40 years and older in 1998-the percentage of @entity5 detected as @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), which has an uncertain prognosis, has increased. We pooled data from seven regional mammography registries to determine the percentage of mammographically detected @entity5 that are @entity3821 and the rate of @entity3821 per 1000 mammograms. METHODS: We analyzed data on 653 833 mammograms from 540 738 @entity1 between 40 and 84 years of age who underwent screening mammography at facilities participating in the National @entity5 Institute's @entity0 Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) throughout 1996 and 1997. Mammography results were linked to population-based @entity5 and pathology registries. We calculated the percentage of screen-detected @entity0 that were @entity3821 , the rate of screen-detected @entity3821 per 1000 mammograms by age and by previous mammography status, and the sensitivity of screening mammography. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 3266 cases of @entity0 were identified, 591 @entity3821 and 2675 @entity0 . The percentage of screen-detected @entity0 that were @entity3821 decreased with age (from 28.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.9% to 32.5%] for @entity1 aged 40-49 years to 16.0% [95% CI = 13.3% to 18.7%] for @entity1 aged 70-84 years). However, the rate of screen-detected @entity3821 cases per 1000 mammograms increased with age (from 0.56 [95% CI = 0.41 to 0.70] for @entity1 aged 40-49 years to 1.07 [95% CI = 0.87 to 1.27] for @entity1 aged 70-84 years). Sensitivity of screening mammography in all age groups combined was higher for detecting @entity3821 (86.0% [95% CI = 83.2% to 88.8%]) than it was for detecting @entity0 (75.1% [95% CI = 73.5% to 76.8%]). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, approximately 1 in every 1300 screening mammography examinations leads to a diagnosis of @entity3821 . Given uncertainty about the natural history of @entity3821 , the clinical significance of screen-detected @entity3821 needs further investigation.

title: Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in XXXX undergoing screening mammography.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity17694 larvae exhibit unique black coloration, as well as left-right asymmetry in juvenile stage as in other flatfish. In this study, we first assessed the changes in melanophores with development and then investigated their responsiveness to @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) during metamorphosis. @entity164 appeared on both sides of the body before metamorphosis, whereas adult-type melanophores appeared only on the ocular side after metamorphosis. Even in the individuals of this species displaying black coloration, the density of @entity164 was similar to that in transparent larvae of other species. However, unlike in transparent larvae, @entity164 completely dispersed in the black larvae of this species. Therefore, the black coloration during larval stages was mainly due to dispersion, and not the density, of @entity164 . In vitro @entity6251 treatment revealed, for the first time, the responsiveness of melanophores in larval stages. On the ocular side, @entity164 aggregated against @entity6251 during larval stages, while, in the larvae at later metamorphic stages and in juveniles, @entity164 did not aggregate, although aggregation of adult-type melanophores was noted. In contrast, on the blind side, the responsiveness of @entity164 to @entity6251 was consistently present from larval to juvenile stages. The metamorphic transition of @entity6251 responsiveness from larval- to adult-type melanophores only on the ocular side suggests the larval (therefore, immature) nature of the blind side skin. We propose that the inhibited development, and thus the retention of the larval-type skin leads to the formation of the blind side characteristics and is the central mechanism for the flatfish asymmetry.

title: Developmental changes in melanophores and their asymmetrical responsiveness to XXXX during metamorphosis in @entity17694 ( @entity17694 ).

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['melanin-concentrating hormone', 'MCH']

entities_list: @entity17694 :: ('98923', 'Species') :: ['Barfin flounder']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['larval-type melanophores', 'Larval-type melanophores']

answer: @entity6251 :: (MESH:C567712,Disease) :: ['melanin-concentrating hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: The role of radiation therapy in the management of unresectable @entity788 is controversial. One concern about concurrent chemoradiation relates to the timing of chemotherapy. In contrast to conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivers high doses in a shorter duration resulting in minimal disruption in chemotherapy. Here, we report our results of @entity1 treated with SBRT and chemotherapy for inoperable @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Thirty-eight @entity1 treated with SBRT and chemotherapy for locally advanced, borderline resectable, and medically inoperable @entity788 at our institution from January 2008 to December 2012 were included in this retrospective analysis. Treatment was delivered in 5 fractions of 5 or 6 Gy per fraction over 5 days. @entity137 were scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS:: The median age was 70 years (range, 45 to 90 y). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ranged from 0 to 3. Thirty-four @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy. Four @entity1 received sequential chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 14.3 months and median progression-free survival was 9.2 months from diagnosis. From radiation, overall survival and progression-free survival were 12.3 and 6.8 months, respectively. The overall local control rate was 79%. Acute @entity137 was minimal. Severe late SBRT-related @entity137 included 1 grade 3 @entity1084 , 1 grade 4 biliary stricture, and 1 grade 5 @entity360 . CONCLUSIONS:: SBRT combined with chemotherapy for unresectable @entity788 is convenient, feasible, and generally well tolerated. Outcomes of SBRT combined with chemotherapy compare favorably to results obtained with chemotherapy and conventional radiation therapy.

title: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Combined With Chemotherapy for Unresected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hemorrhage']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of chronic @entity3147 and @entity32 , often termed @entity32 complex syndrome or protein-energy wasting, is common in @entity1 with @entity740 . It is associated with increased mortality in @entity1 on maintenance dialysis therapy. We assessed the association of @entity32 score (MIS) with all-cause mortality and @entity204 -censored transplant loss or @entity204 with a functioning transplant in a sample of kidney transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective prevalent cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : Data from 993 prevalent transplant recipients were analyzed. Sociodemographic parameters, laboratory data, medical and transplant history, comorbid conditions, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and MIS were tabulated at baseline and annually thereafter. PREDICTOR: MIS, a 30-point scale expressed per 1 standard deviation (1 SD) unit or categorized as <3 (reference), 3-5, 6-8, and >8. The MIS is derived from 10 components, each with 4 levels of severity from 0 (normal) to 3 (severely abnormal). Higher score reflects more severe degree of @entity3147 and @entity32 status. OUTCOMES: All-cause mortality and @entity204 -censored transplant loss or @entity204 with a functioning transplant. Association of MIS with total mortality was assessed using time-dependent Cox regression analysis, and the association of MIS with @entity204 -censored transplant loss or @entity204 with a functioning transplant was assessed using semiparametric competing-risks regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 51    13 years, 57% of @entity1 were @entity1 , and 21% had @entity6 . Percentages of @entity1 in the MIS categories <3, 3-5, 6-8, and >8 were 40%, 32%, 20%, and 8%, respectively. In multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses, time-varying MIS score was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality (HR per 1-SD increase, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.37-1.85), @entity204 with a functioning transplant (HR per 1-SD increase, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23-1.78), and @entity204 -censored transplant loss (HR per 1-SD increase, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.71). Compared with MIS <3, HRs for all-cause mortality for MIS of 3-5, 6-8, and >8 were 1.53 (95% CI, 0.74-3.15), 3.66 (95% CI, 1.87-7.14), and 6.82 (95% CI, 3.34-13.91), respectively. LIMITATIONS: Single-center study, small number of outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The MIS, a simple tool to assess the presence of @entity32 complex syndrome, predicts mortality in kidney transplant recipients.

title: Association of the XXXX score with clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition-inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['malnutrition-inflammation']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To improve the efficiency and appropriateness of computed tomography (CT) use in @entity1 with minor @entity542 , clinical prediction rules were derived and validated by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). The objective of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the PECARN traumatic @entity1545 prediction rules to usual care for selective CT use. METHODS: We used decision analytic modeling to project the outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of applying the PECARN rules compared with usual care in a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 @entity1 with minor blunt @entity542 . Clinical management was directed by level of risk as specified by the presence or absence of variables in the PECARN traumatic @entity1545 prediction rules. Immediate costs of care (diagnostic testing, treatment [not including clinician time], and hospital stay) were derived on single-center data. Quality-adjusted life-year losses related to the sequelae of clinically important traumatic @entity1545 and to @entity15698 , number of CT scans, number of @entity15698 , number of missed clinically important traumatic @entity1545 , and total costs were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the usual care strategy, the PECARN strategy was projected to miss slightly more @entity1 with clinically important traumatic @entity1545 (0.26 versus 0.02 per 1,000 @entity1 ) but used fewer cranial CT scans (274 versus 353), resulted in fewer @entity15698 (0.34 versus 0.45), cost less ( 904,940 versus  954,420), and had lower net quality-adjusted life-year loss (-4.64 versus -5.79). Because the PECARN strategy was more effective (less quality-adjusted life-year loss) and less costly, it dominated the usual care strategy. Results were robust under sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Application of the PECARN traumatic @entity1545 prediction rules for @entity1 with minor @entity542 would lead to beneficial outcomes and more cost-effective care.

title: Cost-effectiveness of the PECARN Rules in XXXX With Minor @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Vaccination of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques with the attenuated nef-truncated C8 variant of SIVmac251/32H (SIVmacC8) induces early, potent protection against pathogenic, heterologous challenge before the maturation of cognate immunity. To identify processes that contribute to early protection in this model the pathogenesis, anatomical distribution and viral vaccine kinetics were determined in relation to localised innate responses triggered by vaccination. The early biodistribution of SIVmacC8 was defined by rapid, widespread dissemination amongst multiple lymphoid tissues, detectable after 3 days. Cell-associated viral RNA dynamics identified mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen, as well as the gut mucosae, as early major contributors of systemic virus burden. Rapid, @entity281 was populated by discrete foci of persisting virus-infected cells. Localised productive infection triggered a broad innate response, with type-1 interferon sensitive @entity26242 , @entity6897 , @entity47960 and @entity3184 genes all upregulated during the acute phase but induction did not prevent viral persistence. Profound changes in vaccine-induced cell-surface markers of immune activation were detected on macrophages, B-cells and dendritic cells (DC-SIGN, S-100, @entity2936 , @entity2935 , @entity9988 and @entity2937 ). Notably, high DC-SIGN and S100 staining for follicular and interdigitating DCs respectively, in MLN and spleen were detected by 3 days, persisting 20 weeks post-vaccination. Although not formally evaluated, the early biodistribution of SIVmacC8 simultaneously targets multiple lymphoid tissues to induce strong innate immune responses coincident at the same sites critical for early protection from wild-type viruses. @entity645 vaccines which stimulate appropriate innate, as well as adaptive responses, akin to those generated by live attenuated @entity17491 vaccines, may prove the most efficacious.

title: Early biodistribution and persistence of a protective live attenuated XXXX vaccine elicits localised innate responses in multiple lymphoid tissues.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['localised infection']

answer: @entity17491 :: (11723,Species) :: ['SIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of lumbar multifidus @entity194 and @entity158 after successful lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy for zygapophysial joint mediated @entity158 . DESIGN: A prospective observational analysis of 5 @entity1 who had undergone successful unilateral radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of the lumbar medial branch divisions of the lumbar dorsal rami. At 17 to 26 months after RFN, 3 blinded radiologists evaluated the relative composition and size of the multifidus muscle at different segmental levels on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They were asked to determine the lesioned levels by evidence of multifidus @entity194 . The accuracy of predicting the correct side and level lesioned was evaluated. SETTING: Private spine practice in Tyler, Texas. @entity1 : Five @entity1 who had unilateral lumbar medial branch RFN for proven lumbar zygapophysial joint-mediated @entity158 were selected. INTERVENTIONS: MRI of the lumbar spine at a mean of 21 months (range, 17-26) after successful lumbar RFN. OUTCOME MEASURES: Multifidus @entity194 on a lumbar MRI, @entity158 assessment and use of cointerventions. RESULTS: Diffuse lumbar multifidus @entity194 was detectable with MRI. However, radiologists could not reliably predict the side and segments lesioned. Despite denervation of the multifidus, at 12 months after RFN all subjects had ongoing @entity158 relief and did not require or request additional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study provides evidence that successful medial branch RFN for lumbar zygapophysial-mediated @entity158 does cause initial denervation but no discernable segmental @entity194 of the multifidus at long-term follow-up. Previous denervation and @entity194 in these subjects was not associated with @entity158 .

title: The significance of multifidus XXXX after successful radiofrequency neurotomy for low back pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'diffuse atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: In the turtle, the left aorta and the pulmonary trunk originate from the right ventricle, while the right aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle as a functional systematic arch. The subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery on each side, and passes ventral to the vagus nerve and the jugular vein. These features are basically the same as in birds, and the subclavian artery of the adult turtle corresponds to a secondary artery from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy. Many investigators, including one of the present authors ( @entity6953 , 1987), have studied the development of the aortic arch and the subclavian artery in the @entity1573 embryo, but not in the turtle. The present authors examined it in @entity23116 ( @entity23116 ) embryos, from 14 days of incubation to completion of the aortic arch (27 days incubation). All blood vessels were injected with @entity19661 solution using a fine glass needle inserted into the aortic trunk through the ventricle of the heart. The following results were obtained. 1. In the turtle embryo the primary subclavian artery develops first, but is replaced by the secondary subclavian artery as in the @entity1573 . 2. The primary subclavian artery arises from the 12th dorsal intersegmental artery and passes dorsal to the posterior cardinal vein. In the 16-day embryo, it gives rise to capillary nets both cranially and caudally at the base of the forelimb bud along the inner surface of the thoracic wall. 3. At 19 days of incubation, a small blood vessel arises from the aortic sac at the origin of the third aortic arch and passes laterally, ventral to the anterior cardinal vein. The vessel then extends caudally, and finally, at 21 days of incubation, connects to the cranial part of the capillary net of the primary subclavian artery at about the middle of the lateral thoracic wall. After the completion of the connection, the vessel from the aortic sac is called by the name "the secondary subclavian artery." 4. The secondary subclavian artery gradually increases in size, while the proximal part of the primary one begins to @entity194 and finally disappears at 27 days of incubation. After this, the forelimb bud receives its blood supply only from the newly-formed secondary subclavian artery. 5. In conclusion, in the turtle, the secondary subclavian artery is formed by connection of the primary artery with the caudally extending artery arising from the aortic sac, while in the @entity1573 it is derived from an outgrowth of the primary artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Development of the subclavian artery in the @entity23116 ( XXXX ) studied by the injection method].

entities_list: @entity23116 :: ('8467', 'Species') :: ['Loggerhead turtle', 'Caretta caretta']

entities_list: @entity19661 :: ('MESH:C000170', 'Chemical') :: ['Berlin blue']

answer: @entity23116 :: (8467,Species) :: ['Caretta caretta']


abstract: A controlled multicentre trial was organised to compare the effects of 20 mg @entity594 tablets (N) and 2,5 mg @entity7486 tablets (I) during a 4 months' treatment period after a placebo period, in 59 @entity1 with moderate essential @entity101 (n = 59). The results of blood pressure measurements of 18 @entity1 treated by @entity594 (1 tablet twice daily) and 22 @entity1 treated by @entity7486 (1 tablet every morning) were compared. The systolic blood pressure, after 10 minutes recumbency, fell from 165 +/- 10 mmHg to 148 +/- 13 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and the diastolic pressure from 104 +/- 6 mmHg to 86 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.01) in the @entity1 treated with @entity594 . In the @entity7486 group, the @entity13519 fell from 164 +/- 13 mmHg to 152 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and the DBP from 100 +/- 4 mmHg to 87 +/- 6 mmHg (p less than 0.01). There were no significant changes of heart rate with either drug; plasma @entity1011 , @entity972 and @entity414 concentrations were also unchanged. There was a higher incidence of @entity10 and tiredness in the @entity594 group, whilst @entity1 treated with @entity7486 complained more often of muscular cramps. Flushing was observed in nearly a quarter of the @entity1 in both groups. These results confirm that both @entity594 and @entity7486 induce significant and persistant falls in @entity551 . Although the fall was greater with @entity594 than with @entity7486 , the difference was not statistically significant. The tolerance was satisfactory in both groups of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative effects of @entity594 and @entity7486 in the treatment of arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide', 'Indapamide']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The problems of @entity32 and infection leading to organ dysfunction and failure continue to be the major problems after injury and operations and with intensive care for many diseases and problems. When @entity1850 goes to @entity881 and @entity881 , the mortality becomes high, ranging from 30-80% depending on the number of failed organs. In spite of this, there have been recent exciting discoveries and contributions to @entity1 care. A reasonable question then is, are we making progress and if so, can we document it? Are the incidence and mortality of @entity881 decreasing? The literature comparing care over some years suggests a decrease in ICU mortality in @entity1 with severe organ failure, a decrease in elective surgical mortality, and improvement in the results of care and outcome for @entity130 @entity1 . Review of problems occurring in sick and injured @entity1 indicates that certain problems are decreasing in frequency, such as @entity177 and @entity649 after @entity130 , stress @entity360 , and abdominal abscesses, and these should improve outcome. There are a number of exciting therapies that help certain @entity1 but not everyone. These controversies challenge us to focus on where and when there are positive benefits. Risk factors for @entity881 are addressed to focus on early intervention. The possibilities of multiple therapeutic agents are described. Finally, we describe and emphasize our recommendation to strive to prevent @entity881 and @entity1850 .

title: @entity1850 ( XXXX ), @entity881 ( @entity881 ), @entity881 ( @entity881 ): are we winning the battle?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['SIRS']


abstract: @entity4 develops when lymph does not return to the venous circulation at a rate equal to the rate of capillary filtration. Fetal @entity742 develop @entity4 as well as an increased central venous pressure while undergoing atrial pacing at 320 beats per min. We hypothesized that the increased central venous pressure augmented the appearance of @entity4296 by impairing the return of thoracic duct lymph to the venous circulation. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied the effect of outflow pressure upon thoracic duct lymph flow in 10 unanesthetized fetal @entity742 who had low resistance lymph catheters placed in the cervical thoracic duct near its junction with the left jugular vein. After the ewe and fetus recovered for 5 d, we altered the outflow pressure of the lymph catheter by adjusting its height with respect to amniotic fluid pressure and measured the resultant change in thoracic duct lymph flow rate. We found that lymph flow rate was constant over the range of outflow pressures (central venous pressures) normally encountered but decreased in a linear fashion at pressures greater than 0.68 kPa (5.1 torr). Lymph flow stopped at an outflow pressure of 2.40 kPa (18 torr). The data points are best fit by two lines obtained by a piecewise linear regression rather than a single line obtained from a linear regression. We conclude that fetal thoracic duct lymph flow is sensitive to elevations in outflow pressure. Lymph flow begins to diminish at outflow pressures corresponding to central venous pressures commonly encountered in pathologic conditions and may augment the appearance of @entity4296 .

title: The effect of outflow pressure upon thoracic duct lymph flow rate in fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['fetal edema']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the medium-term follow-up of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and the clinical risk factors predicting outcome. METHODS: @entity955 @entity1 treated for the first time with CBA in a 4.5-year period were studied retrospectively. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was achieved via a single cryoballoon with diameter of 28  mm. Left atrial diameter (LAD) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Failure of cryoablation treatment was defined as detection of an episode of @entity955 , @entity956 , or @entity591 lasting more than 30  s during the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 212 @entity1 were enrolled and in 87.7   % @entity1 PVI was achieved by CBA. The complication rate was 2.83   %. The mean follow-up was 28        15  months; in 166 @entity1 follow-up was complete. The rate of successful treatment for primary CBA was 45.8   %. The percentage of @entity1 who experienced @entity943 recurrence in the first 12  months was 84.44   %. @entity1 in whom treatment failed had a larger LAD (47        6  mm vs. 43        5  mm, p   <   0.0001). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the @entity1 with LAD <   45  mm had a higher success rate than @entity1 with LAD >=    45  mm [57.9   % (44/76) vs. 35.6   % (32/90), log rank =   5.492, p   =   0.019]. The LAD [odds ratio, OR =   -   0.1053(0.303, 12.2040), p   =   0.0005] was shown in logistic regression analysis to be independently predictive of CBA treatment failure. CONCLUSION: The CBA procedure for @entity955 @entity1 is safe and effective. Most @entity943 recurrences occurred during the first 12  months after CBA. The LAD can independently predict failure of CBA treatment.

title: Outcome of cryoballoon ablation for XXXX : Medium-term follow-up from a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a genetic disorder of the synthesis of heme caused by a deficiency in @entity6049 ( @entity6049 ), leading to the overproduction of the porphyrin precursors   -aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and biological characteristics, the renal pathology, and the cellular mechanisms of chronic kidney disease associated with AIP. A total of 415 @entity1 with @entity6049 deficiency followed up in the French Porphyria Center were enrolled in 2003 in a population-based study. A follow-up study was conducted in 2013, assessing @entity1 for clinical, biological, and histological parameters. In vitro models were used to determine whether porphyrin precursors promote tubular and endothelial cytotoxicity. Chronic kidney disease occurred in up to 59% of the symptomatic AIP @entity1 , with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate of ~1   ml/min per 1.73   m(2) annually. Proteinuria was absent in the vast majority of the cases. The renal pathology was a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy, associated with a fibrous intimal hyperplasia and focal cortical atrophy. Our experimental data provide evidence that porphyrin precursors promote endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and epithelial phenotypic changes in proximal tubular cells. In conclusion, the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease associated with AIP should be considered in cases of chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy and/or focal cortical atrophy with severe proliferative arteriosclerosis.

title: High prevalence of and potential mechanisms for chronic kidney disease in XXXX with acute intermittent porphyria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6049 :: ('3145', 'Gene') :: ['HMBS', 'hydroxymethylbilane synthase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']