abstract: BACKGROUND: The existing knowledge about long-term psychosocial consequences of childhood @entity158 is scarce. The current study investigated childhood @entity158 symptoms as potential risk factors for antidepressant use in adolescence and early adulthood. METHODS: A representative sample of eight-year-old @entity1 (n=6017) and their parents were asked about the prevalence of the @entity1 's @entity10 , @entity490 , and unspecified @entity158 symptoms. The associations with antidepressant purchases by age 24, based on the nationwide prescription register, were analyzed separately for each symptom and each reporter. Sex, parental educational level, and @entity1 -, parent- and teacher-reported @entity1 's @entity146 symptoms at baseline were included as confounding variables. RESULTS: In the sex-adjusted model, the @entity1 's own report of @entity10 and other @entity158 , and the parents' report of their @entity1 's @entity490 , predicted antidepressant purchases. When confounding variables were included in the final model, only the @entity1 's own report of @entity10 predicted antidepressant use with a dose-response relationship. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for frequent and for almost daily @entity10 were 1.6 (1.3-2.0) and 2.1 (1.5-2.9), respectively, in the sex-adjusted model, and 1.5 (1.2-1.8) and 1.7 (1.2-2.5) in the final model. LIMITATIONS: The assessment of each @entity158 symptom was based on one question for each reporter. The specific indications for the described medication could not be defined. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals should also ask @entity1 themselves about the @entity158 symptoms. They should be aware that @entity1 with @entity158 are at increased risk of suffering later from conditions that require antidepressant treatment.

title: XXXX at age eight as a predictor of antidepressant medication use by age 24: findings from the Finnish nationwide 1981 birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) activity has been determined before and after intramuscular injection of @entity3303 , @entity3175 or saline in @entity1 and @entity3303 , @entity3175 , @entity6838 and saline in @entity1707 and @entity95 . Two ml volum of each of the drugs was given to @entity1 as well as to the experimental animals. No changes in CPK activity were found after saline in @entity1 or @entity95 but a minor increase was demonstrated in @entity1707 . A marked increase of CPK activity was demonstrated after @entity3303 or @entity3175 in @entity1 and after @entity3303 , @entity3175 or digoxin in @entity1707 and @entity95 . Post mortem examination of the injection sites in the animals revealed extensive muscle tissue @entity39 after @entity3303 , @entity3175 and digoxin. No damage of the tissue was found after saline. CPK activity was also determined in @entity95 receiving 2 ml of dilutions of @entity3175 in saline. The injection sites were examined post mortem. The CPK activity was increased in animals receiving 1:2 and 1:8 dilutions while a 1:20 dilution did not give rise to changes in the enzyme activity. The @entity39 area diminished when @entity3175 was diluted and no pathological changes were found at the injection sites after the 1:20 dilution. Measuring the CPK activity in @entity95 after an intramuscular injection seems to be a sensitive method for the determination of local @entity137 .

title: A comparative study of serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) activity in @entity95 , @entity1707 and XXXX after intramuscular injection of local damaging drugs.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and @entity458 status among earthquake victims 1 year after the quake. METHOD: Two hundred and seventy-two quake victims from temporary housing units were interviewed. Posttraumatic symptoms was assessed using the Davidson @entity130 Scale, Chinese version (DTS-C). Psychological health status was measured using the @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ). RESULTS: The percentage of posttraumatic symptoms was 16.5%. Fifty-seven percent of the victims were found to have @entity458 using the @entity1058 . Posttraumatic symptoms and @entity458 were more prevalent among @entity1 (22.2% and 64%), compared with @entity1 (9.2% and 47.9%). Posttraumatic symptoms and @entity1058 total scores were highest among 25- to 44-year-olds, and lowest in the over-60-year group. Based on linear and logistic regression models, age and injury were the only two factors that significantly affected posttraumatic symptoms and @entity1058 total scores. CONCLUSION: Consistent with the previous studies, it is vitally important to continue providing psychological counseling and social support for quake victims, particularly victims who sustained an injury.

title: Posttraumatic symptoms were worst among quake victims with XXXX following the Chi-chi quake in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems', 'psychological health']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHQ', 'Chinese Health Questionnaire']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to examine the pre- and postoperative changes of @entity3976 by MR imaging in asymptomatic pediatric @entity1 with nonsyndromic, single-suture @entity91 (N-SSSC), who underwent cranial vault remodeling surgery without suboccipital decompression. We required @entity3976 through foramen magnum >= 3  mm for Chiari @entity600 (CMI). We hypothesized that the increase of intracranial volume by cranial vault remodeling would correct the asymptomatic CMI. METHODS: We identified 9 @entity1 among 121 N-SSSC @entity1 undergoing craniofacial surgery from January 2004 to October 2010 with CMI. However, two of them were excluded from the study due to missing postoperative MR images. In the final study population, six were males, five were scaphocephalic, while two were diagnosed with @entity91 . RESULTS: In four of the cases, the CMI was decreased in postoperative MR imaging varying from 6 to 12  mm. In three cases, the herniation remained stable. The median change of @entity3976 was -6.5  mm. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that asymptomatic @entity1 with existing CMI may benefit from cranial vault remodeling surgery alone increasing the intracranial volume.

title: The evolution of XXXX after cranial vault remodeling surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['coronal synostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['type I malformation']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['cerebellar tonsillar herniation']


abstract: @entity34748 ( @entity31865 ) and @entity15706 (KG) have been recently investigated as potential @entity5 cell damaging agents. We herein report for the first time a validated quantitative assay for their simultaneous determination in @entity1 plasma which is amenable to be applied in the future screening of the target compounds in @entity1 probands in order to properly design a targeted chemotherapeutic regimen for certain types of @entity5 . A simple liquid chromatographic method in conjunction to derivatization after a two-step optimized solid phase clean-up procedure is described. The method is based on the reaction of @entity31865 and KG with @entity40014 or @entity40015 in an aqueous environment. Reaction conditions were studied with respect to pH, reagent volume, reaction temperature and time. Exact testing of such parameters beside careful selection of the mobile phase composition rendered feasible the quantification of the chemically significantly differing analytes along a single chromatographic run. The formed derivatives could be separated isocratically by reversed-phase LC on a C(8)-column. Detection in the UV and in the visible range is possible. Results showed good recovery and reproducibility with detection limits (S/N=3) down to 2 picomoles analyte on column. Resolution of the @entity15735 and anti geometric isomers of the @entity31865 and KG derivatives is possible. The isomeric ratio in relation to the reaction pH is discussed.

title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of @entity34748 and @entity15706 in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity34748 :: ('MESH:C008046', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxymethylfurfural']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutaric acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity40014 :: ('MESH:C060574', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitrophenylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity40015 :: ('MESH:C004787', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different approaches are used to diagnose suspected @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), but there has been little formal comparison of strategies. AIM: To identify the most cost-effective strategy for the UK National Health Service (NHS). DESIGN: Systematic review, meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS: We identified 18 strategies and estimated the diagnostic performance of constituent tests by systematic review and meta-analysis. Outcomes of testing and treatment were estimated from published data or by an expert panel. Costs were estimated from NHS reference costs and published data. We built a decision-analysis model to estimate, for each strategy, the overall accuracy, costs, and outcomes (valued as quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs), compared to a 'no testing, no treatment' alternative. Probabilistic analysis estimated the net benefit of each strategy at varying thresholds for willingness to pay for health gain. RESULTS: At the thresholds for willingness to pay recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (20,000 pounds sterling-30,000 pounds sterling per QALY), the optimal strategy was to discharge @entity1 with a low or intermediate Wells score and negative D-dimer, limiting ultrasound to those with a high score or positive D-dimer. Strategies using radiological testing for all @entity1 were only cost-effective at 40,000 pound sterling per QALY or more. DISCUSSION: The optimal strategy for @entity1150 diagnosis is to use ultrasound selectively in @entity1 with a high clinical risk or positive D-dimer. Radiological testing for all @entity1 does not appear to be a cost-effective use of health service resources.

title: How should we diagnose suspected XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: A case of @entity1358 with multiple lung metastases successfully treated with interferon (IFN) following nephrectomy is reported. A 46-year-old @entity1 consulted our institute complaining of @entity812 for 3 months on June 18, 1983. Macroscopic @entity811 consisting of @entity4461 had also been found 1 week before. For a diagnosis of left @entity703 with multiple lung metastases, he was admitted. After total nephrectomy, 30 x 10(6) units per day of natural @entity2391 were administered intravenously every other day for 2 months (total dose; 269 x 10(6) units). One of the @entity358 disappeared, but another increased in size and a new lesion was also found. Therefore, this trial was evaluated to be progression. Thereafter, he was treated with 600 mg/day of carmofur (HCFU) and was in a stable condition. As his lung lesions progressed at 11 months after nephrectomy, 9 x 10(6) units/day of recombinant @entity2391 were additionally administered 5 days a week for 4 weeks. When the treatment was completed (total dose; 180 x 10(6) units), the @entity358 disappeared. The complete response lasted for 9 months. However, on May, 1985, bone @entity3 to lumbar vertebra was found and he died on November 4, 1985 without any evidence of relapse at lung field.

title: [A case of XXXX with lung metastases successfully treated by interferon-beta].

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['left flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Ungulates impact woody species' growth and abundance but little is understood about the comparative impacts of different ungulate species on forest expansion in savanna environments. Replacement of native herbivore guilds with livestock [i.e., beef @entity291 ( @entity291 )] has been hypothesized as a factor facilitating trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) encroachment into grasslands of the Northern Great Plains. We used a controlled herbivory study in the Parklands of western Canada to compare the impact of native ungulates and @entity291 on aspen saplings. Native ungulate treatments included a mixed species guild and sequences of herbivory by different ungulates [ @entity11055 @entity11055 ), @entity2498 ( @entity2498 ) then deer (Odocoileus hemionus); or deer, @entity2498 , then bison]. Herbivory treatments were replicated in three pastures, within which sets of 40 marked aspen saplings (<1.8 m) were tracked along permanent transects at 2-week intervals, and compared to a non-grazed aspen stand. Stems were assessed for mortality and @entity16 (herbivory, leader breakage, stem abrasion and trampling). Final mortality was greater with exposure to any type of herbivore, but remained similar between ungulate treatments. However, among all treatments, the growth of aspen was highest with exposure only to @entity291 . Herbivory of aspen was attributed primarily to @entity2498 within the native ungulate treatments, with other forms of physical damage, and ultimately sapling mortality, associated with exposure to bison. Overall, these results indicate that native ungulates, specifically @entity2498 and bison, have more negative impacts on aspen saplings and provide evidence that native and domestic ungulates can have different functional effects on woody plant dynamics in savanna ecosystems.

title: Disentangling herbivore impacts on Populus tremuloides: a comparison of native ungulates and XXXX in Canada's Aspen Parkland.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['incremental damage']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'elk']

entities_list: @entity11055 :: ('9901', 'Species') :: ['bison (Bison', 'bison subsp. bison']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: AIMS: The aim was to study the prognostic value of plasma @entity9932 ( @entity24399 ) as @entity65 ( @entity65 ) markers in three independent @entity453 ( @entity453 ) cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Corogene study is a prospective Finnish cohort including stable @entity453 @entity1 (n = 160). Multiple lipid biomarkers and @entity1851 were measured in addition to plasma @entity24399 (d18:1/16:0), @entity24399 (d18:1/18:0), @entity24399 (d18:1/24:0), and @entity24399 (d18:1/24:1). Subsequently, the association between high-risk @entity9932 and CV mortality was investigated in the prospective Special Program University Medicine-Inflammation in Acute @entity301 (SPUM-ACS) cohort (n = 1637), conducted in four Swiss university hospitals. Finally, the results were validated in Bergen Coronary Angiography Cohort (BECAC), a prospective Norwegian cohort study of stable @entity453 @entity1 . @entity9932 , especially when used in ratios, were significantly associated with @entity65 in all studies, independent of other lipid markers and @entity1851 . Adjusted odds ratios per standard deviation for the @entity24399 (d18:1/16:0)/ @entity24399 (d18:1/24:0) ratio were 4.49 (95% CI, 2.24-8.98), 1.64 (1.29-2.08), and 1.77 (1.41-2.23) in the Corogene, SPUM-ACS, and BECAC studies, respectively. The @entity24399 (d18:1/16:0)/ @entity24399 (d18:1/24:0) ratio improved the predictive value of the GRACE score (net reclassification improvement, NRI = 0.17 and   AUC = 0.09) in ACS and the predictive value of the Marschner score in stable @entity453 (NRI = 0.15 and   AUC = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Distinct plasma @entity2367 ratios are significant predictors of @entity65 both in @entity1 with stable @entity453 and ACS, over and above currently used lipid markers. This may improve the identification of high-risk @entity1 in need of more aggressive therapeutic interventions.

title: Plasma XXXX predict @entity65 in @entity1 with stable @entity453 and acute coronary syndromes beyond LDL-cholesterol.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'CV death']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceramides', 'ceramides']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity9932 :: (MESH:D002518,Chemical) :: ['ceramides']


abstract: The technique of distraction has revolutionized the treatment of @entity3572 ; however, presently large mandibular defects still require bone grafts. Microvascular grafting is commonly used in adults. Conversely, in pediatric reconstruction, nonvascularized rib grafts remain standard. Unfortunately, resorption of nonvascularized bone remains a major issue, particularly when soft tissue is hypoplastic. This case study represents a combination of techniques in the treatment of severe @entity3572 , and introduces the concept of distraction mesenchymogenesis. The @entity1 was a 2 1/2-year-old @entity1 with severe bilateral Pruzansky class @entity3572 . He had a permanent @entity2133 posture, an overjet of 23 mm, and was unable to move the lower mandibular segment. His oropharyngeal airway diameter was 2.2 mm and he was tracheostomy dependent. The @entity1 was treated with distraction of the lower jaw mesenchyme followed by bilateral functional free fibular microvascular flaps containing reinnervated muscle. This created a well-vascularized body, ramus, and condyle bilaterally within an adequate soft-tissue envelope. Postoperatively, the overjet was reduced to 5 mm. The @entity1 can now actively move his mandible. Airway diameter increased to 10 mm, and the @entity1 is able to tolerate intermittent tracheostomy plugging. This innovative combination of techniques allows early intervention, limits graft resorption, and improves airway control.

title: Early treatment of severe XXXX with distraction mesenchymogenesis and bilateral free fibula flaps.

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['III mandibular hypoplasia', 'mandibular hypoplasia', 'mandibular deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['open mouth']

answer: @entity3572 :: (MESH:D008336,Disease) :: ['mandibular hypoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of the breast imaging reporting and data systems (BI-RADS) category 5 mammogram and ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of @entity0 in the study center and correlation between clinical, mammographic and US findings, and @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four hundred and ninety seven @entity1 with BI-RADS category 5 who underwent mammograms and US at the Breast diagnostic center, Ramathibodi Hospital from January, 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004 were enrolled into the present study. Selected clinical information, mammographic and US findings, and histopathological diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: @entity0 was found in 467 of 497 @entity1 , giving a @entity2286 of 94%. @entity513 was the most common @entity5 (89.5%). @entity3923 was the most common benign pathology found in the remaining @entity1 . Discrete mass was the most frequently encountered lesion detected on mammography and US, followed by mass containing @entity730 . @entity1 with advanced age, having a clinically palpable breast mass, with mammographic and US evidence of mass containing @entity730 showed significant statistical association with @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2286 of BI-RADS category 5 lesions in the present study was comparable to other published studies. Although the probability of @entity5 was very high, a small number of @entity1 had benign pathologies. Preoperative histopathologic diagnosis is necessary before definitive treatment.

title: Positive predictive value of XXXX in the lesions categorized as BI-RADS category 5.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrocystic change']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The effect of a meat load on the renal handling of acid-base balance was studied in ten healthy subjects (GFR by inulin clearance = 98.5 +/- 8.14 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2) and in ten @entity1 affected by @entity177 ( @entity177 ) (GFR = 39.9 +/- 5.3 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2). After the meat load (2 g.kg-1 body weight of cooked unsalted red meat), GFR increased by 26.9% (peak value) over baseline in healthy subjects and by 32% in @entity177 @entity1 . The acid-base status of the healthy subjects was in the normal range, whereas the @entity177 @entity1 disclosed a slight @entity520 . After a meat load, there was, in the healthy subjects, an increase in the filtered load of @entity3157 coupled to an enhanced tubular reabsorption and urinary excretion. The time course between @entity3157 load and urinary excretion was coincident. In @entity177 @entity1 , the increase of @entity3157 tubular load after the meal was associated with an increase in tubular reabsorption but not in urinary excretion of this anion. The relationship between @entity3157 load and reabsorption was linear in both groups up to the highest filtered loads. Baseline titratable acidity (TA) and @entity3104 ( @entity17114 ) excretion (expressed per ml GFR) were increased in @entity177 @entity1 as compared with control subjects, but no changes were found after the meat load in both groups in these experimental conditions. The data indicate that the renal tubules contribute to the maintenance of acid-base balance both in healthy subjects and in @entity177 @entity1 by reabsorbing most of the additional @entity3157 load. The transient, but significant, increase in @entity3157 excretion observed in healthy subjects could be related to the increased tubular load of @entity3157 . In @entity177 @entity1 , tubular @entity3157 reabsorption was more complete, possibly because of the stimulation of H+ secretion by the mild @entity520 . TA and @entity17114 + did not participate in tubular compensation of the increased buffer load.

title: Effect of an acute oral protein load on renal acidification in healthy XXXX and in @entity1 with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrative medicine (IM) on @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and investigate the prognostic factors of @entity453 in a real-world setting. METHODS: A total of 1,087 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity453 from four hospitals in Beijing, China were consecutively selected between August 2011 and February 2012. The @entity1 were assigned to two groups based on the treatment: Chinese medicine (CM) plus conventional treatment, i.e., IM therapy (IM group); or conventional treatment alone (CT group). The endpoint was major adverse @entity299 [MACE; including @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and revascularization]. RESULTS: A total of 1,040 @entity1 finished the 2-year follow-up. Of them, 49.4% (514/1,040) received IM therapy. During the 2-year follow-up, the total incidence of MACE was 11.3%. Most of the events involved revascularization (9.3%). @entity204 / @entity583 occurred in 3.0% of cases. For revascularization, logistic stepwise regression analysis revealed that age >=  65 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.224], @entity583 (OR, 2.561), @entity6 (OR, 1.650), @entity66 (OR, 2.554), baseline high sensitivity C-reactive protein level >=  3 mg/L (OR, 1.678), and moderate or severe @entity148 / @entity308 (OR, 1.849) were negative predictors (P<0.05); while anti-platelet agents (OR, 0.422), b-blockers (OR, 0.626), statins (OR, 0.318), and IM therapy (OR, 0.583) were protective predictors (P<0.05). For @entity204 / @entity583 , age >=  65 years (OR, 6.389) and @entity712 (OR, 7.969) were negative predictors (P<0.05), while @entity6817 use (OR, 0.323) was a protective predictor (P<0.05) and IM therapy showed a benefifi cial tendency (OR, 0.587), although the difference was not statistically signififi cant (P=0.218). CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, for @entity1 with @entity453 , IM therapy was associated with a decreased incidence of revascularization and showed a potential benefifi t in reducing the incidence of @entity204 or @entity583 .

title: Effectiveness of integrative medicine therapy on XXXX prognosis: A real-world study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-vessel lesions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac death', 'cardiac death']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Esophageal involvement, which causes @entity850 , is a complication in @entity2640 . This causes @entity1282 and @entity3147 and leads to deterioration of @entity272 in these @entity1 . The charts of 11 @entity1 with @entity2640 and esophageal @entity850 who were included into dilatation program between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Seven of the @entity1 were female and four were male. The median age was 14 (2-32) years. The mean body weight of @entity1 was 27.8 (9-51) kg. The location and number of strictured parts of the esophagus were previously evaluated with upper gastrointestinal contrast study and after that flexible endoscopy was used for dilatation. Eight @entity1 had middle esophageal, three @entity1 had proximal esophageal and one of them had both proximal and middle esophageal strictures. The strictures were dilated 56 times in total (mean 5 times). One @entity1 underwent gastrostomy and was medically followed-up after a perforation occurrence during the dilatation procedure. In a 32-year-old female @entity1 , colon interposition was performed after four dilatations since optimal nutritional and developmental status could not be achieved. The dilatation program of nine @entity1 is still in progress. Seven of them can easily swallow solid food but two of them have some difficulties in swallowing between dilatations. One @entity1 rejected the program and quitted, while one @entity1 refused colon interposition and died because of complications related to @entity2783 during the dilatation program. After resolution of the swallowing problem, @entity272 were observed to heal quickly. @entity2640 is a rare cause of @entity1282 . Esophageal balloon dilatation with flexible endoscopy is a safe and efficient method in @entity1 with this condition.

title: Balloon dilatation in esophageal strictures in XXXX and the role of anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermolysis bullosa', 'epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity2640 :: (MESH:D004820,Disease) :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the major chronic health problems in @entity1 in the Netherlands. The Pelican is a paediatric @entity565 -related quality of life instrument for @entity1 with @entity565 from 6-11 years old, which is suitable for clinical practice in primary and specialized care. Based on this instrument, we developed a self-management treatment to improve @entity565 -related quality of life. The Pelican intervention will be investigated in different health care settings. Results of intervention studies are often extrapolated to other health care settings than originally investigated. Because of differences in organization, disease severity, @entity1 characteristics and care provision between health care settings, extrapolating research results could lead to unnecessary health costs without the desired health care achievements. Therefore, interventions have to be investigated in different health care settings when possible. This study is an example of an intervention study in different health care settings. In this article, we will present the study protocol of the Pelican study in primary and specialized care. METHOD/DESIGN: This study consists of two randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of the Pelican intervention in primary and specialized care. The trial in primary care is a multilevel design with 170 @entity1 with @entity565 in 16 general practices. All @entity1 in one general practices are allocated to the same treatment group. The trial in specialized care is a multicentre trial with 100 @entity1 with @entity565 . @entity1 in one outpatient clinic are randomly allocated to the intervention or usual care group. In both trials, @entity1 will visit the care provider four times during a follow-up of nine months. This study is registered and ethically approved. DISCUSSION: This article describes the study protocol of the Pelican study in different health care settings. If the Pelican intervention proves to be effective and efficient, implementation in primary and specialized care for paediatric @entity565 in the Netherlands will be recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered by clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01109745).

title: PELICAN: A quality of life instrument for childhood XXXX : study protocol of two randomized controlled trials in primary and specialized care in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient', 'children']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3102 , an @entity8304 derivative, is an orally active antifungal agent. In high doses (400 mg three times a day), it inhibits the biosynthesis of testicular and adrenal @entity3800 and may therefore be useful for the treatment of hormone dependent diseases such as advanced @entity263 . Similarly, a new @entity8304 derivative, @entity42734 , was recently found to interfere with testicular and adrenal @entity134 biosynthesis in animals and healthy volunteers. METHODS: The therapeutic and endocrine effects of @entity3102 and @entity42734 in @entity1 with disseminated @entity263 are discussed, including data from the literature and personal experience. RESULTS: Using high-dose @entity3102 , medical castration with the expected clinical response was achieved easily in previously untreated @entity1 in all clinical series (personal data include seven @entity1 ). In @entity1 with @entity263 who had relapses after castration, few objective remissions were achieved. By contrast, long-lasting subjective remissions, especially @entity158 relief, were seen in more than half of the @entity1 (personal data include 20 @entity1 ). Gastrointestinal intolerance, which was the main side effect, severely limits the routine use of the drug. Recently, the authors studied the effect of @entity42734 on adrenal @entity134 production in castrated @entity1 whose disease was progressive after first-line treatment. Unlike @entity3102 therapy, adrenal @entity342 and @entity701 levels were not modified. A Phase I-II trial was then done in 44 @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 in clinical relapse. In @entity1 with measurable disease, objective responses, including tumoral @entity353 , occurred in approximatively 30%. A @entity1486 reduction of 50% or more was noted in approximatively 50% of @entity1 . @entity158 relief occurred in most @entity1 . Mucocutaneous side effects were observed in most @entity1 --dryness of the skin and onychomalacia. Raised tissue @entity1968 levels suggested a possible pathway by which this drug might exert its cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3102 in high doses is effective in first-line and second-line therapy for advanced @entity263 , but gastrointestinal side effects limit its routine use. @entity42734 is a new @entity8304 that is also effective in second-line therapy for @entity263 and has fewer side effects. Unlike @entity3102 , its effect is not mediated by inhibition of @entity134 biosynthesis.

title: XXXX and @entity42734 in the treatment of advanced @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity42734 :: ('MESH:C061121', 'Chemical') :: ['Liarozole', 'liarozole']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['Ketoconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe accessibility to @entity378 ( @entity378 ) diagnosis in non-resident @entity378 @entity1 in Shanghai, China, and to identify factors associated with delay in diagnosis. METHODS: A face-to-face interview of 222 newly diagnosed, non-resident @entity378 @entity1 registered in two districts of Shanghai: Changning District and Putuo District, was conducted using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 222 non-resident @entity378 @entity1 , median @entity1 's delay was 21 days and median doctor's delay was 8 days. The duration of doctor's delay was significantly longer in Changning District than Putuo District (13 vs. 5 days, P < 0.001). One-fourth of the subjects had a @entity1 's delay longer than 42 days and a doctor's delay longer than 15 days. Logistic regression model shows that @entity1 at lower income level, and who did not have haemoptysis symptom were more likely to have longer @entity1 's delay. @entity1 who registered in Changning were more likely to have a longer doctor's delay. The proportion of diagnosis or consideration as suspected @entity378 for referral was significantly higher in hospitals than non-hospitals. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that @entity1 - and doctor-related factors contribute significantly to delays in the diagnosis of non-resident @entity378 @entity1 in Chinese cities. Non-resident's poor economic status, clinical status, complexities in referral and diagnostic procedure at different districts accounted for delayed @entity378 care-seeking and diagnosis.

title: Barriers in accessing to XXXX care among non-residents in Shanghai: a descriptive study of delays in diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Cholera is an acute dehydrating @entity66 , traditionally caused by @entity1838 O1, and also more recently by @entity1838 O139 (Bengal). Traditionally, water was recognized as the primary vehicle for transmission of @entity3081 , but in the past 30 years, outbreaks of @entity3081 associated with eating contaminated food have demonstrated that food also plays an important role, although in many instances water is the source of contamination of foods. Most commonly associated with @entity3081 is seafood, both molluscan shellfish and crustaceans. Seafood may be contaminated in its natural environment or during preparation. Other food items associated with outbreaks are fruit and vegetables, meat, cooked grains, etc. Vegetables are usually contaminated by contact with sewage in soil and fruits when injected with contaminated water to increase weight and turgor. Food items initially free from @entity1838 organism may become contaminated when mixed with water, or other contaminated food, or through handling by infected @entity1 who have not observed proper hygiene. Refrigeration, freezing, alkaline pH, high concentration of @entity1735 , humidity and absence of competing flora enhance the survival of @entity1838 in food. Survival of @entity1838 is shorter in food with acidic pH. Foodborne @entity3081 can be averted by the hygienic preparation of food and its consumption. However, since the vehicles of transmission vary markedly from place to place, being affected by local customs and practices, selected control and preventive measures that are most important locally must be implemented. To this end, application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system to food preparation is essential in order to identify the practices which may present a risk. Restrictions on importation of foods which do not present a risk of being contaminated from areas where @entity3081 is endemic is not warranted.

title: The role of food in the epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: Mesangial cell growth constitutes a key feature of progressive @entity8 . @entity1951 ( @entity1831 ), a potent peptide vasoconstrictor, acts on mesangial cells through the V(1A) receptors, inducing contraction and cell proliferation. This study examined the effects of @entity38232 , a nonpeptide @entity1831 V(1A) receptor-selective antagonist, on the mitogenic and @entity1184 effects of @entity1831 in @entity35 mesangial cells. When added to mesangial cells whose growth was arrested, @entity1831 concentration-dependently induced @entity1373 and @entity1184 . @entity38232 potently prevented @entity1831 -induced @entity1373 and @entity1184 of these cells. Furthermore, @entity1831 stimulated endothelin (ET)-1 secretion from mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was potently inhibited by @entity38232 . ET-1 also induced @entity1373 and @entity1184 in mesangial cells and this effect was completely abolished by ET(A) receptor-selective antagonist @entity38233 . In addition, @entity1831 -induced @entity1373 and @entity1184 were partly inhibited by @entity38233 . These results suggest that @entity1831 may modulate mesangial cell growth not only by its direct action but also through the stimulation of ET-1 secretion. @entity38232 displays high potency in inhibiting the @entity1831 -induced physiologic responses of mesangial cells via the V(1A) receptors and is a potent pharmacologic probe for investigating the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of @entity1831 in several @entity8 .

title: Effect of @entity38232 , a nonpeptide vasopressin V(1A) receptor-selective antagonist, on @entity35 mesangial cell @entity1373 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasopressin']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: @entity750 [ @entity750 ( @entity750 )] is believed to play an important inhibitory role in the regulation of @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep. @entity750 may exert this effect on neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei that are implicated as important in the generation of @entity1319 sleep and phasic @entity1319 events such as ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves and respiratory variability. In @entity35 brainstem in vitro, @entity750 hyperpolarizes and inhibits the bursting properties of LDT neurons assumed to be involved in generating @entity1319 sleep and PGO waves. This study tests the hypothesis that in vivo @entity750 at the LDT nuclei suppresses @entity1319 sleep and phasic @entity1319 events. Ten @entity35 were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the LDT and with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram, neck electromyogram, PGO waves, and diaphragm electromyogram. During @entity1319 sleep, @entity750 (100 nl; 1-1.5 mM), saline, or sham microinjections were performed; repeated microinjections were separated by approximately 1 hr. After the first microinjection, @entity1319 sleep as a percent of the total sleep time was reduced with @entity750 (mean percent @entity1319 , 19.9 +/- 2.5% for @entity750 vs 26.8 +/- 2.4% for saline; p = 0.02). @entity1319 duration was reduced by 37% with @entity750 (p = 0.01), but @entity1319 episode frequency was changed less consistently (p = 0.21), suggesting that @entity750 mainly disrupted @entity1319 sleep maintenance. Per unit time of @entity1319 sleep, @entity750 had no effect on the amount or variability of @entity1319 PGO activity (p > 0.740) or on the mean or coefficient of variation of @entity1319 respiratory rate (p > 0.11). With subsequent microinjections, the effects of @entity750 on @entity1319 sleep were similar. A dose-dependent @entity1319 sleep suppression with @entity750 was observed in five @entity35 tested. These data suggest that in vivo @entity750 at the LDT nuclei suppresses @entity1319 sleep expression. Although @entity750 did not disproportionately reduce the occurrence of phasic events within @entity1319 , total @entity1319 phasic activity was reduced because of less @entity1319 sleep after @entity750 .

title: @entity750 at the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus suppresses rapid-eye-movement sleep in freely behaving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'Serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is relatively rare in young @entity1 as the median age at diagnosis is 65-70 years. The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate the characteristics of young @entity2 in Taiwan, especially the relationships among smoking behavior, @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation, and age. The National Taiwan Lung Cancer Registry, a database contain detailed @entity5 statistics, was analyzed in this study for the period 2011-2012. Young @entity2 was defined as age        45 years. There were 21,536 @entity2 @entity1 (13,187 @entity1 and 8349 @entity1 ). Among these @entity1 , 1074 (5.0%) were in the younger group, and 20,462 @entity1 (95.0%) were in the older group. Female gender (48.8% versus 38.2%, P < 0.001), never-smokers (47.3% versus 43.8%, P = 0.015), and @entity420 (70.4% versus 58.1%, P < 0.001) were more frequent in the younger group. While the @entity470 mutation rate was lower in the younger group (52.5% versus 60.6%, P = 0.001), the primary site of @entity2 and stage distribution were not significantly different. If only @entity420 @entity1 were included in the analysis, female gender, older age, and never-smokers were more likely to have @entity470 mutation. In conclusion, @entity2 in young @entity1 (       45 year-old) was associated with unique characteristics, with greater percentages of female @entity1 , @entity420 , and never-smokers and a lower @entity470 mutation rate compared with older @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of young @entity2 : Analysis of Taiwan's nationwide XXXX registry focusing on @entity470 mutation and smoking status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: EAU was produced in strain 13 @entity840 after immunization with purified @entity840 retinal rod outer segments and with retinal pigment epithelium in @entity1753 . The lesions of EAU appear as inflammatory infiltrates of the iris and ciliary body followed by @entity32 , often with @entity2000 . Specific antibodies are detected in the serum of a majority of the animals with clinical disease. Immunohistochemical staining of normal and inflamed eyes with serum from the immunized animals with @entity1596 demonstrates specific antigens localized in the outer segments. All immunized animals demonstrate @entity56 characterized by skin reactions of mononuclear cells, by the in vitro inhibition of migration of peritoneal macrophages from the sensitized animals in the presence of specific antigen, and by antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation. More pronounced @entity56 reactions occurred during @entity1596 and indicated that cellular immunity correlates with clinical EAU, whereas no correlation was found with serum antibody. Successful experiments at transferring clinical disease passively with sensitized lymphocytes from animals with @entity1596 to normal recipients were conducted via the intravenous as well as intravitreal routes. No inflammatory reactions occurred after similar transfer of nonsensitized lymphocytes. The recipients of the passively transferred cells demonstrated both humoral and delayed type @entity56 to the retinal antigens. These findings suggest that the retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium are the sourve of significant antigens in @entity792 and @entity2479 .

title: XXXX : induction by retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal photoreceptor degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial adjuvant emulsion']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune uveitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Experimental allergic uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity238 eye development is a complex process that involves many transcription factors (TFs) and interactions with their cofactors and targets. The TF @entity38511 oculis (So) and its cofactor Eyes absent ( @entity23785 ) are highly conserved and are both necessary and sufficient for eye development. Despite their many important roles during development, the direct targets of So are still largely unknown. Therefore the So-dependent regulatory network governing eye determination and differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we intersected gene expression profiles of so or @entity23785 mutant eye tissue prepared from three different developmental stages and identified 1731 differentially expressed genes across the @entity238 genome. A combination of co-expression analyses and motif discovery identified a set of twelve putative direct So targets, including three known and nine novel targets. We also used our previous So ChIP-seq data to assess motif predictions for So and identified a canonical So binding motif. Finally, we performed in vivo enhancer reporter assays to test predicted enhancers from six candidate target genes and find that at least one enhancer from each gene is expressed in the developing eye disc and that their expression patterns overlap with that of So. In summary, we expand the set of putative So targets and show for the first time that the combined use of expression profiling of so with its cofactor @entity23785 is an effective method to identify novel So targets. Moreover, since So is highly conserved throughout the metazoa, our results provide the basis for future functional studies in a wide variety of organisms.

title: Identification of Novel Direct Targets of XXXX @entity38511 Oculis by Integration of Genome-wide Data Sets.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We used immunohistochemical methods to analyze the phenotypes of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in @entity1 cerebral arteries and aneurysmal walls. Thirty-two aneurysmal walls were studied; 31 aneurysmal walls were resected at operation and 1 @entity439 was obtained at autopsy. Seven control arteries were obtained at autopsy. Semiserial sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), @entity2283 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms: @entity895 , @entity3578 and SMemb. In control cerebral arteries, SMCs in the media were strongly immunostained for alpha-SMA, @entity2283 , @entity895 and @entity3578 ; immunoreactivity for SMemb was faint or weakly positive. SMCs in both non-ruptured and ruptured aneurysmal walls showed no staining for @entity2283 ; the expression of alpha-SMA was well preserved. Compared with control cerebral arteries, in 4 of 11 non-ruptured aneurysmal walls, the staining intensity of SMCs for SMemb was clearly increased. In ruptured aneurysmal walls, the expression of @entity3578 was lower than in control cerebral arteries and non-ruptured aneurysmal walls. Our study suggests that the phenotype of SMCs in aneurysmal walls is different from the contractile type in the media of normal cerebral arteries, at least partially changing to the synthetic type in some non-ruptured @entity439 . SMCs in ruptured aneurysmal walls may have lost both phenotypes before @entity397 . Phenotypic modulation of SMCs in the aneurysmal walls appears to be related to a remodeling of the aneurysmal wall and to a @entity397 mechanism.

title: Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells in XXXX cerebral aneurysmal walls.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The origin of glomerular crescents and diffuse hypercellularity was investigated in @entity95 receiving a single intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum. Experiments to demonstrate local glomerular proliferation included mitotic counting at intervals after nephrotoxic serum and autoradiography of kidneys 1 hour after pulse-tritiated @entity1014 labeling. There was an increase in local endocapillary proliferation between days 4 and 6 when severe diffuse hypercellularity developed. From days 8 to 13 during crescent formation there was considerable local epithelial proliferation. To assess the role of infiltrating bone marrow cells a new technique of renal transplantation in @entity95 was developed. Kidneys from unlabeled donors were transplanted on either day 4 or day 9 into recipients prelabeled with tritiated @entity1014 , and labeled cells were sought in glomeruli of transplants 1 to 4 days later. Large numbers of labeled cells appeared on days 5 to 6 in areas of endocapillary hypercellularity in glomeruli of animals given transplants on day 4 indicating a significant influx of bone marrow cells. In contrast, in kidneys transplanted on day 9, few labeled cells were present in crescents on days 10 to 11. Autoradiographic labeling of mononuclear phagocytes in carrageenan @entity738 and @entity8 in recipients were used as positive controls of bone marrow cell labeling. We conclude that in the early phase of diffuse hypercellularity there is considerable blood monocyte infiltration, whereas crescents which develop later are principally the result of glomerular epithelial cell proliferation.

title: The origin of glomerular crescents in experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial renal infiltrates']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to map the distribution of angiotensin II ( @entity1808 ) receptors and @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) in @entity35 intestine. @entity1808 binding sites were visualized by in vitro autoradiography using iodinated [Sar1, Ile8] @entity1808 . The distribution of @entity1811 was mapped using an iodinated derivative of @entity3593 . Male @entity35 were killed and the interior of the whole intestine washed with ice-cold saline. Segments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were quickly frozen in a mixture of @entity28633 and dry ice. Twenty-micron frozen sections were thaw-mounted onto gelatin-coated slides, incubated with either ligand, and exposed to X-ray film. After exposure and subsequent development, the films were quantitated by computerized densitometry. @entity1808 receptors were most dense in the colon, followed by the ileum, duodenum, and jejunum. Within each segment of intestine, specific @entity1808 binding sites were localized exclusively to the muscularis. In contrast, @entity1811 was present in both the mucosa and the muscularis. The colocalization of @entity1808 receptors and @entity1811 may suggest a role for locally generated @entity1808 in the control of intestinal function. The luminal orientation of @entity1811 in the mucosa of the small intestine may suggest that at this site @entity1811 serves primarily to hydrolyze dietary peptides.

title: Angiotensin receptors and angiotensin I-converting enzyme in XXXX intestine.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity28633 :: ('MESH:C067038', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentane']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Foot pad @entity1909 and @entity75 are a form of @entity5526 , a condition affecting skin areas in contact with unsuitable or irritating material. @entity5526 is a common problem, reducing the welfare of broilers, and is believed to also affect broiler breeders. However, there is very little research on @entity5526 in breeders. This study followed the severity of foot pad lesions in broiler breeders throughout the production period. At slaughter the presence of hock burns and @entity0 was also determined. In addition, changes in litter condition over time and the impact of litter quality on foot pads were evaluated. The study was performed on 10 broiler breeder farms, including altogether 18 flocks. Foot pads of 100 hens per flock were assessed at the end of rearing period, three times during the production period, and at slaughter. Foot pad and hock lesions, as well as litter condition were scored on a 5-point scale. Litter quality was evaluated as pH, moisture and @entity3265 content. The condition of foot pads deteriorated towards slaughter age, with the occurrence of severe lesions reaching a maximum of 64% on average at slaughter. Hock lesions and @entity0 were rare. The litter layer became drier over time. Although poorer litter condition and wetness influenced foot pad health negatively, the effect on severe lesions was not significant. We also observed a negative effect on foot pad condition of larger slat areas. In conclusion, maintaining good litter quality alone is not enough to ensure healthy foot pads in broiler breeders.

title: Effect of litter quality on foot pad XXXX , hock burns and @entity0 in broiler breeders during the production period.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast blisters']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hock burn lesions']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis', 'Contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: In spite of all the technical advances and resources dedicated to the treatment of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), it is still a growing problem all over the world. To address this issue adequately, it is crucial to detect chronic @entity8 @entity1 early and optimize their care. However, a lack of awareness and appropriate management of potential underlying @entity8 , even in high-risk @entity1 , seems to be common in many parts of the world, even though many of the measures recognized to decrease the risk and slow the progression of @entity8 are most effective when initiated early. @entity6 @entity1 (a high-risk population) with early @entity8 treated by nephrologists have better preservation of their renal function than do @entity1 treated only by family physicians. However, referral of @entity1 to the nephrologist at earlier stages of disease than is recommended is not always feasible. A more plausible alternative may be that general practitioners learn to diagnose and treat these @entity1 . We have demonstrated that an educational intervention increased family practitioners' clinical competence, which resulted in preserved renal function in @entity6 @entity1 with early @entity8 . Variables not well controlled either by the nephrologist or the primary care physicians are those related to lifestyle and diet. These unhealthy habits are common in Westernized societies, and primary care physicians may be the most suitably positioned to promote health. Even so, counseling by physicians is not always effective in reducing risky habits, particularly when the health team is overworked; strategies such as community resources (including support groups) may also play a role. Preliminary results of an ongoing study based on a self-help and support group strategy that is coordinated by a multidisciplinary team (family practitioner, social worker, dietician, and physical trainer) show improvements in the lifestyle and dietary habits of @entity1 with overweight or @entity28 , @entity6 , or @entity101 . All these findings support the need to implement health promotion programs with the participation of multidisciplinary teams.

title: Role of the primary care physician in diagnosis and treatment of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'ESRD', 'endstage renal disease', 'renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal damage']


abstract: Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Approximately 200 cases of persistent @entity1157 have been reported over the last 50 years and most authors suggest leaving the M  llerian remnant in situ because of the difficulty in dissection and the presumed absence of risk of @entity5 . However, with increasing reports of M  @entity5 emerging, we report our 10-year experience of managing @entity1 with persistent @entity1157 , with removal of m  llerian remnants. This case series shows that there is an increased risk of @entity5 that was previously unknown. With the laparoscopic approach, orchidopexy with simultaneous removal of M  llerian remnants could be accomplished with minimal surgical @entity130 and the benefit of no @entity5 risk in the future. This is a new technique that has not been previously performed. Considering the current evidence of @entity5 in the M  llerian remnant, surgeons would need to discuss with families about removal of remnants or long-term monitoring. OBJECTIVES:     To describe the presentation and management of eight @entity1 with persistent @entity1157 ( @entity2433 ) seen over a 10-year period at our tertiary centre.     To review the literature of M  @entity5 reported in @entity2433 . @entity1 AND METHODS:     The hospital records of eight @entity1 with @entity2433 were retrospectively reviewed between 2001 and 2011.     Extensive PubMed searches for @entity2433 and @entity5 were performed. RESULTS:     Eleven cases with @entity2433 and @entity5 of the M  llerian remnants were identified.     From our own @entity2433 series: five males presented with bilateral undescended testes and three had unilateral undescended testis.     We found that the M  llerian remnants could be removed by laparoscopy and three @entity1 had simultaneous laparoscopic removal of the M  llerian structures and laparoscopic orchidopexy. CONCLUSIONS:     The principle aim of orchidopexy with simultaneous laparoscopic removal of the M  llerian structures can be accomplished with minimal surgical @entity130 and the benefit of no @entity5 risk in the future.     Surgeons should consider excision of the M  llerian remnants where possible.

title: Persistent XXXX : lessons learned from managing a series of eight @entity1 over a 10-year period and review of literature regarding malignant risk from the M  llerian remnants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['M  llerian malignancy', 'llerian malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['M  llerian duct syndrome']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['M  llerian duct syndrome']


abstract: The proportion of group D streptococcal @entity884 ( @entity884 ) (predominantly due to @entity15515 ) and the incidence of @entity14 are higher in France than in most European countries. We assumed that this could be explained by a high group D streptococci (GDS) fecal carriage rate. The aims of this study were to re-assess the GDS fecal carriage rate in France and its relationship with @entity14 . Consecutive adult subjects who were to undergo a complete colonoscopy were invited to participate. GDS were searched in subjects' stools before their colonoscopy using biomolecular techniques. Colonoscopic findings were sorted into four subgroups: normal colonoscopy, non-tumoral lesions, @entity5 , and @entity5 . GDS fecal carriages were calculated overall and in each subgroup and compared. The data from 259 subjects were analyzed. GDS were identified in the feces of 12 subjects, with the following distribution: S. lutetiensis (n   =   9), @entity34595 (n   =   2), and @entity15515 (n   =   1). This accounted for an overall GDS fecal carriage rate of 4.6 %. The GDS fecal carriage rate was 6 % in case of normal colonoscopy, 1.3 % in case of non-tumoral lesions, 3.2 % in case of @entity5 , and 11 % in case of @entity5 . These four percentages were not statistically different. The GDS fecal carriage rate was lower than expected, which did not confirm our working hypothesis. Most strains belonged to @entity17518 biotype II, while @entity15515 was found only once. These findings suggest that different GDS play different roles in the etiopathogenesis of @entity884 and @entity14 .

title: XXXX bovis/ @entity34595 equinus complex fecal carriage, @entity14 , and @entity884 : a new appraisal of a complex connection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'premalignant/malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity15515 :: ('315405', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gallolyticus', 'S. gallolyticus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity34595 :: (197614,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid prescribing for noncancer @entity158 has increased dramatically. We examined whether the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, @entity458 , health care utilization, and co-prescribing of sedative-hypnotics increased with increasing duration of prescription opioid use. METHODS: We analyzed electronic data for 6 months before and after an index visit for @entity615 in a managed care plan. Use of opioids was characterized as "none," "acute" ( <=90 days), "episodic," or "long term." Associations with lifestyle factors, @entity458 , and utilization were adjusted for demographics and comorbidity. RESULTS: There were 26,014 eligible @entity1 . Of these, 61% received a course of opioids, and 19% were long-term users. Psychologic distress, unhealthy lifestyles, and utilization were associated incrementally with duration of opioid prescription, not just with chronic use. Among long-term opioid users, 59% received only short-acting drugs; 39% received both long- and short-acting drugs; and 44% received a sedative-hypnotic. Of those with any opioid use, 36% had an emergency visit. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of opioids was common among @entity1 with @entity615 . The prevalence of @entity458 , unhealthy lifestyles, and health care utilization increased incrementally with duration of use. Coprescribing sedative-hypnotics was common. These data may help in predicting long-term opioid use and improving the safety of opioid prescribing.

title: Opioids for @entity615 XXXX : primary care prescribing patterns and use of services.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychologic distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) in 25 @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ) who were treated from before 6 years of age for 10.0    1.7 years with a fixed GH dose of 0.33 mg/kg per week. @entity1 AND DESIGN: After a 6-month pretreatment assessment all @entity1 were measured 6-monthly under therapy to assess height @entity214 (H- @entity214 ) and height velocity (HV) until @entity4479 achievement. RESULTS: Following initial acceleration, HV declined after the first 4 years of therapy. At the end of the sixth year of therapy, H- @entity214 gain was 1.9    1.1. Thereafter, H- @entity214 gain from baseline decreased, becoming 0.9    0.9 @entity214 at @entity4479 achievement. Bone maturation velocity did not significantly change throughout the prepubertal period. According to Lyon standards for @entity2689 , mean @entity4479 @entity214 was significantly higher than pretreatment H- @entity214 (P<0.0001), with a mean H- @entity214 change of 0.9    0.9. However, the prevalence of @entity1 with @entity4479 <-2 @entity214 (according to Semp   standards) was close to those recorded at the start of therapy (16/25 vs 18/25). No significant differences in terms of @entity4479 were found between @entity1 with either @entity1112 and between @entity1 with either spontaneous or induced puberty. CONCLUSIONS: We infer that the therapeutic regimen adopted in this prospective study is sufficient to induce a significant growth acceleration during the first year, but the response waned after 6 years of treatment.

title: Adult height in XXXX with @entity2689 treated from before 6 years of age with a fixed per kilogram GH dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult height', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X monosomy or X-chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of occupational exposures to body fluids and @entity281 control practices among students in Nigerian dental schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey of 112 students from three Nigerian dental schools. RESULTS: 57 (50.9%) of the students had experienced one or more occupational exposures in the previous six months. There was no statistically significant association between year group and reported number of exposures (p > 0,05). There was also no statistically significant association between sex and reported number of exposures (p > 0.05). 50.7% of the exposures were @entity130 , 26.1% splatter of saliva and 23.2% splatter of aerosol. @entity130 were most frequently caused by scalers (42.9%) and needlesticks (37.1%) Most incidents occurred during scaling (37.7%),use of dental handpiece (21.7%) and cleaning of instruments (18.8%). 96.4% of the exposures were not reported. Only 36.6% of the students were immunized against @entity1956 . None of those immunized had been post-screened for seroconversion. The routine use of gloves, masks and protective eyewear was reported by 87.5%, 65.5% and 17% of students respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates a high rate of exposure to body fluids and low compliance with @entity281 control guidelines. There is a need for interventions to improve safe work practices, @entity1956 vaccination, @entity97 post-immunization serology and use of protective barriers. Also appropriate policies and procedures are needed for reporting and managing exposures.

title: Occupational exposures and XXXX control among students in Nigerian dental schools.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous injuries', 'Percutaneous injuries']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Publicly funded mental health services are critical in caring for @entity1 with @entity72 . Accurate identification of @entity146 comorbidity is necessary for effective mental health treatment. Little is known about @entity146 diagnosis for this population in routine mental health care. This study (1) examined correspondence between @entity146 diagnoses reported by mental health clinicians and those derived from a structured diagnostic interview and (2) identified predictors of agreement between clinician-reported and diagnostic interview-derived diagnoses in a sample of 197 @entity1 aged 4-14   years with @entity72 receiving mental health services. Data were drawn from a randomized effectiveness trial conducted in publicly funded mental health services. Non- @entity72 diagnoses were assessed using an adapted version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, parent version. Cohen's kappa was calculated to examine agreement between Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, parent version and clinician-reported diagnoses of comorbid conditions. @entity1 met criteria for an average of 2.83 (standard deviation   =   1.92) Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, parent version diagnoses. Agreement was poor across all diagnostic categories (k values: 0.06-0.18). Logistic regression identified @entity1 gender and clinical characteristics as significant predictors of agreement for specific diagnoses. Results underscore the need for training mental health clinicians in targeted assessment of specific @entity146 and prioritizing treatment development and testing for specific diagnoses to improve care for @entity1 with @entity72 served in publicly funded mental health settings.

title: Psychiatric comorbidity in XXXX : Correspondence between mental health clinician report and structured parent interview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: A recent genome wide association study demonstrated the novel finding that variants in @entity40331 are associated with @entity2650 . Our objectives were to determine whether this finding could be replicated in a more racially/ethnically diverse study population of California births and to provide a more comprehensive investigation of variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the association of 27 @entity40331 single nucleotide polymorphisms with @entity2650 relative to population based nonmalformed controls born in selected California counties from 1990 to 2003. Analyses included a maximum of 928 controls and 665 cases (mild in 91, moderate in 336, severe in 221 and undetermined in 17). Results for mild and moderate cases were similar, so they were grouped together. RESULTS: For mild and moderate cases OR for 15 of the 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms had p values less than 0.05, with 2 less than 1 and the others ranging from 1.3 to 1.8. Among severe cases ORs tended to be closer to 1, and none of the p values were less than 0.05. Due to high linkage disequilibrium across the single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotype analyses were conducted and 2 blocks were generated. These analyses identified a set of 8 variants associated with a threefold to fourfold increased risk relative to the most common haplotype, regardless of severity of the phenotype (OR 4.1, p <10(-4) for mild to moderate cases and 3.3, p = 0.001 for severe cases). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that @entity40331 variants are associated with @entity2650 . Additional studies are needed to allow a more thorough investigation of @entity40331 variability and to delineate the mechanism by which @entity40331 contributes to urethral development.

title: Diacylglycerol kinase K variants impact XXXX in a California study population.

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: Twenty-two cases of @entity242 seen and/or treated at Memorial Hospital are presented. With the exception of one @entity5 which occurred in the neck, all the @entity242 arose in the upper (15 cases) or lower extremities (6 cases). Ten originated in the hand. At the time of initial treatment, 14/22 @entity1 were between 20 and 40 years of age. The @entity5 most commonly presented as a nodular lesion and involved dermis, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and tendons, and when it recurred (13 cases) it tended to grow proximally along tendons and fascial planes. Of special interest was the finding of vascular invasion in surgical specimens removed from 5 @entity1 . Four of these represented @entity5 , and in two cases the vascular invasion was massive. Two of these @entity1 also demonstrated @entity5 emboli in pulmonary vessels and cardiac involvement at autopsy. @entity3 to regional lymph nodes occurred in eight cases (42%). Follow-up ranging from 2 to 34 years (average of 8 years) was obtained for 19 cases (86%). Eleven @entity1 are alive with disease or died as a result of their @entity242 (58% of the follow-up group). Adverse prognostic factors included recurrence after initial local excision, vascular invasion and lymph node @entity3 . All of the @entity1 with intravenous extension of @entity5 and 6 of 8 @entity1 with lymph node involvement died with pulmonary metastases. Our data suggest that cure may best be achieved by amputation or by an exceptionally wide en bloc excision as early as possible, depending upon the location and extent of the original @entity5 .

title: XXXX : an analysis of 22 cases indicating the prognostic significance of vascular invasion and regional lymph node @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'recurrent tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'epithelioid sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Epithelioid sarcoma']


abstract: The @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ), a New World monkey, has recently been used as a model of focal @entity1779 . Here, we sought to develop a @entity64 model in this species using an intraluminal approach to occlude the @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). This technically simple procedure allows both transient and permanent ischaemia with minimal morbidity. Ten @entity7533 underwent either transient (3 h) or permanent ischaemia by the insertion of a nylon filament through the external carotid artery up to the origin of the @entity2500 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored by the laser-Doppler flowmetry technique. Sensorimotor functions were regularly evaluated, and histologic, immunohistochemical, and magnetic resonance imaging analyses were performed 8 days after the occlusion. The surgical procedure was achieved straightforwardly without postoperative mortality or @entity1779 . All animals displayed a consistent decrease in CBF that remained stable over 3 h. @entity1188 affected both @entity2383 . Although not statistically significant, the volume of @entity1188 was smaller in marmosets subjected to transient ischaemia compared to those permanently occluded (237+/-139 and 358+/-118 mm3, respectively). In all the behavioural tests used, reperfused marmosets exhibited fewer @entity16 compared to permanently occluded ones. We show the feasibility of the induction of permanent or transient focal @entity1779 in the marmoset using an intraluminal approach with minimal invasion. This model could be suitable as an advanced screening for potential @entity64 therapies in which behavioural, imaging, and histologic analyses can be compared.

title: Intraluminal thread model of focal XXXX in the non-human primate.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic and functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus', 'common marmosets', 'common marmoset']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage', 'cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['cortical and subcortical structures']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the significance of @entity14172 ( @entity14172 ) as a prognostic and potentially predictive marker in @entity1 with @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Increased @entity14172 expression was identified in MCF-7 cells resistant (MCF-7R4) to the @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) inhibitor @entity35072 and its role examined by targeted knockdown and overexpression in multiple experimental models. Protein expression of @entity14172 was measured by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 76 @entity1 with @entity0 to examine correlative associations with invasive @entity5 fraction and outcome. The use of a combined @entity14172 / @entity12561 (BPR) expression ratio was applied to predict anti- @entity2856 / @entity8277 response in a panel of @entity0 lines and outcome in multiple @entity0 cohorts. RESULTS: @entity14172 knockdown decreased @entity35072 resistance in MCF-7R4 cells, whereas @entity14172 overexpression in MCF-7 cells conferred resistance. When compared with pathologically normal reduction mammoplasty tissue, @entity14172 expression levels were upregulated in both invasive and histologically normal adjacent @entity0 tissue. In both univariate and multivariate modeling, @entity3 -free survival, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were significantly associated with high @entity14172 expression. Prognostic power of @entity14172 was further increased with the addition of @entity12561 where @entity5 were ranked based upon @entity14172 / @entity12561 expression ratio (BPR). @entity0 cohorts confirm that BPR (high vs. low) was a strong predictor of @entity1349 and @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity14172 expression is a marker of poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity0 . An @entity14172 / @entity12561 expression ratio may serve as a surrogate biomarker of IGF pathway activation and predict sensitivity to anti- @entity2856 targeting.

title: IGFBP ratio confers resistance to IGF targeting and correlates with increased invasion and poor outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1R/insulin receptor', 'InsR']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14172 :: ('3488', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-5', 'insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence free survival', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 is considered to be a cocarcinogen or a @entity5 promoter, and various studies have shown a linear dose-dependent association between @entity167 consumption and @entity14 . However, a few studies suggest that moderate @entity167 consumption may have a protective effect, similar to that in @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of @entity14 to quantity and type of @entity167 consumed. DESIGN: This was case-control study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the area of Attica, Greece. @entity1 : A total of 250 consecutive @entity1 with a first diagnosis of @entity14 were matched for age group and sex with 250 controls recruited from the community. The mean age was 63 (SD, 12) years for the @entity1 group (147 @entity1 , 59%; 103 @entity1 , 41%) and 55 (SD, 13) years for the control group (112 @entity1 ; 44.8%; 138 @entity1 , 55.2%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics, in addition to dietary habits and quantity and type of alcoholic beverages usually consumed during the preceding year. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the MedDietScore (theoretical range, 0-55). RESULTS: With intake of less than 12 g of @entity167 per day as the reference, moderate @entity167 intake (12-35 g/day) was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of @entity14 in @entity1 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.74) and in @entity1 (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.91). High @entity167 intake (more than 48 g/day) was associated with an increased likelihood, which was significant in @entity1 (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.35-8.83) but not in @entity1 (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 0.50-22.92). Drinking red wine was associated with reduced odds of @entity14 , significant in @entity1 (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.96) but not in @entity1 (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.23-1.30). None of the associations between other beverage types and @entity14 were significant. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was independently associated with lower odds of @entity14 overall (p < 0.001), in @entity1 (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97), and in @entity1 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). LIMITATIONS: The major limitations of this study included the inability of a case-control design to determine causation and the potential for recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: The association between quantity of @entity167 consumed and the presence of @entity14 followed a J-shaped curve. While demonstrating the detrimental effect of consuming large amounts of @entity167 , the results of this study suggest that moderate @entity167 consumption exerts a protective effect on @entity14 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , possibly related to the effects of red wine.

title: @entity167 consumption and XXXX in a Mediterranean population: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ) is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 with prevalence in the face and neck. Various treatment options including oral @entity1169 have been described for @entity7492 , but the mechanism of drugs remains enigmatic. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and establish a reliable in vivo model of @entity7492 which can provide platform for drug exploration. METHODS: Stem cells from the proliferating @entity2695 (HemSCs) were isolated by @entity16533 -tagged immunomagnetic beads. Their phenotype and angiogenic property were investigated by flow cytometry, culturing on Matrigel, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent staining and injection into BALB/c-nu @entity19 . RESULTS: HemSCs had robust ability of proliferating and cloning. The time of cells doubling in proliferative phase was 16 hours. Flow cytometry showed that HemSCs expressed mesenchymal markers @entity27064 , @entity3844 , but not endothelial/hematopoietic marker of @entity22416 and hematopoietic marker @entity8236 . The expression of @entity31973 was much lower than that of the reported @entity2695 derived or normal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) of HemSCs were higher than that of neonatal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After HemSCs were cultured on Matrigel in vitro, they formed tube-like structure in a short time (16 hours) and differentiated into endothelial cells in 7 days. After 1 - 2 weeks of implantation into immunodeficient @entity19 , HemSCs generated @entity413 transporter 1 positive blood vessels. When co-injected with HUVECs, the vascularization of HemSCs was greatly enhanced. However, the single implantation of HUVECs hardly formed blood vessels in BALB/c-nu @entity19 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HemSCs may be some kinds of primitive mesoderm derived stem cells with powerful angiogenic ability, which can recapitulate @entity1 @entity2695 by co-injecting into immunodeficient @entity19 with HUVECs.

title: XXXX selected stem cells from proliferating @entity7492 and establishment of an in vivo @entity19 model of @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile hemangioma', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity16533 :: (19126(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD133']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 underwent scapulectomy for various @entity5 between 1989 and 2005. We describe 23 @entity1 with @entity5 who were followed-up for a minimum of 2 years after scapulectomy. The average age was 29 years, and two-thirds of the @entity1 were male. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity5 , of which @entity511 was most common, followed by @entity2828 . Surgical staging was by Enneking's system, with stage IIB being the most frequent. Fifteen @entity1 underwent total scapulectomy, and the rest had their glenoid retained. With an average follow-up period of 66.7 months (23-202 months), functional and oncological outcomes were evaluated for all @entity1 . Two @entity1 had superficial wound infections requiring antibiotics, and one had @entity39 requiring skin cover. Functional outcome was satisfactory in 13 @entity1 . Cosmetically and emotionally acceptable surgery, scapulectomy made 19 @entity1 continuously disease free, while four @entity1 died of disease. The 5-year survival rate of 19 @entity1 with @entity5 was 75.9%. Retention of the glenohumeral articulation (subtotal) resection gives superior functional results.

title: The functional and oncological results after scapulectomy for XXXX : 2-16-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'scapular tumours', 'tumours', 'malignant neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['scapular tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the efficacy of antidepressant treatment ( @entity3756 ) and group cognitive behavior therapy, alone or in combination, in @entity298 . The clinical features of dysthymia, as well as the @entity73 associated with the illness (e.g., quality of life, stress perception, coping styles), were evaluated. METHOD: @entity1 (N = 97) diagnosed with @entity298 , but no other current @entity74 , received either @entity3756 or placebo in a double-blind design over 12 weeks. In addition, a subgroup of the @entity1 (N = 49) received a structured, weekly group cognitive behavior therapy intervention. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity3756 , with or without group cognitive behavior therapy, reduced the functional impairment of @entity308 . The reductions were similar in the drug-cognitive therapy group and in subjects who received the drug alone. Furthermore, while group cognitive behavior therapy alone reduced the @entity308 scores, this effect was not significantly greater than the effect of the placebo. The drug treatment also induced pronounced improvement in the functional measures, and in some respects these effects were augmented by group cognitive behavior therapy. Among @entity1 who responded favorably to cognitive behavior therapy, the improvements in the functional measures were similar to those who responded to drug treatment, whereas such functional changes were not seen among @entity1 who responded to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3756 treatment effectively reduces the clinical symptoms and @entity73 associated with dysthymia. Although the group cognitive behavior therapy intervention was less effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, it augmented the effects of @entity3756 with respect to some functional changes, and in a subgroup of @entity1 it @entity73 characteristic of dysthymia.

title: Treatment of @entity298 with group cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy: clinical symptoms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairments', 'attenuated the functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disorder']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary dysthymia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['functional impairments']


abstract: @entity150 is a common @entity5 with particularly high recurrence after transurethral resection. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of the protein expression of @entity39277 , @entity24208 , @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ), and survivin in @entity1 with stage Ta and T1 @entity189 . Transcripts from the four genes encoding these proteins were previously included in gene expression signatures for outcome prediction for Ta/T1 @entity150 . We used three different tissue microarrays with 693 non-muscle invasive @entity189 from Danish, Swedish, and Spanish @entity1 cohorts with long-term follow-up. Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, and antibody specificity was validated by Western blotting. In the Danish @entity1 cohort, we found the expression of @entity39277 , @entity24208 , @entity9370 , and survivin to be significantly associated with progression to stage T2 to T4 @entity150 (for each marker: log-rank test; P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified @entity39277 (P < 0.001), @entity9370 (P = 0.021), @entity24208 (P = 0.001), and survivin (P = 0.001) as independent prognostic markers. Furthermore, @entity24208 , survivin, and @entity39277 expression significantly subgrouped @entity1 already stratified by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk scores. Finally, we successfully validated the results in @entity5 from 410 @entity1 from both Sweden and Spain. We conclude that all four protein markers may have prognostic value in non-muscle invasive @entity150 for guiding optimal treatment of @entity1 . Additional prospective studies are needed for further validation of the clinical relevance of this marker panel.

title: @entity39277 , XXXX , @entity9370 , and survivin are promising prognostic protein markers for progression in non-muscle invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity24208 :: (5268,Gene) :: ['maspin']