abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10026 Background: Treatment options for @entity1 with advanced @entity242 are limited, and new therapies are urgently needed. The @entity5 stem cell hypothesis predicts the existence of a chemotherapy-resistant population of @entity5 cells capable of generating and maintaining the bulk @entity5 population. Our laboratory has recently identified such a population in @entity2828 , and we found that inhibition of @entity3470 signaling reverses the resistance of these cells to @entity632 . We therefore hypothesize that treatment with liposomal @entity632 and an @entity3470 inhibitor will improve survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity242 , and have determined the maximum tolerated dose of this combination in these @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 aged >=  1 year old with histologically confirmed recurrent or refractory @entity242 and adequate organ function were eligible. The first cohort of @entity1 was treated with a standard dose of liposomal @entity632 (30 mg/m2 every 28 days) and a standard dose of @entity13850 (15 mg/m(2) weekly). Subjects were enrolled in cohorts of 3, and a continual reassessment method (CRM) used to determine dose changes with a target frequency of dose limiting @entity137 of 20%. Fatal @entity137 were to be scored as a full event; each reversible grade 4 @entity137 was scored as 0.5 event, and each reversible grade 3 @entity137 was scored as 0.25 event, with a total event score limited to 1 per @entity1 . This method allows more @entity1 to be treated near the MTD for the regimen than traditional dose-finding designs, and can account for a range of severity of dose-limiting @entity137 . RESULTS: We accrued a total of 15 subjects (3 to dose level 1, 9 to level 2, and 3 to level 3) before the CRM converged on a recommended phase II dose combination of 30 mg/m2 of liposomal @entity632 and 20 mg/m2 of @entity13850 . Nine subjects experienced a total of 14 grade 3 or 4 @entity137 , 1 at the first dose level, 6 at the second dose level (which became the recommended phase II dose combination), and 2 at the third dose level. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of liposomal @entity632 and @entity13850 is tolerable, with minimal, reversible grade 4 @entity137 . A phase II study to determine efficacy for advanced bone and soft tissue @entity242 is ongoing.

title: A dose-finding study of XXXX and liposomal @entity632 for @entity1 with advanced soft tissue or bone sarcoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity13850 :: (MESH:C401859,Chemical) :: ['temsirolimus']


abstract: @entity339 secondary to @entity741 carries a significant mortality even after emergency open heart surgery. From 1993 to 1997, four @entity1 were operated on for @entity339 secondary to @entity121 . These @entity1 were between 58 and 69 years of age and all were in class III or IV of the New York Heart Association Classification. The responsible @entity1188 area was located in the lateral wall in 2 @entity1 , and inferior in others. The interval between the onset of @entity583 and the appearance of @entity339 was from 1 to 10 days. Three @entity1 had @entity397 (defined as only one or several heads of @entity121 ), and one had total @entity121 . Primary mitral plasty was performed in 3 @entity1 , including 1 @entity1 who had undergone patch closure of @entity9009 at the onset of @entity583 . Mitral plasty combined with coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 1 @entity1 . Only one case, who had total @entity121 , required reoperation for recurrence of @entity339 . We suggest that even in the case of @entity339 , when a @entity121 is partial, mitral repair is performed because of its potential for improving therapeutic results.

title: Clinical experiences of surgical repair for @entity339 secondary to @entity121 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'Mitral regurgitation', 'ischemic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal perforation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['partial rupture']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle rupture', 'papillary muscle ruptured']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the genetic cause in 2 Belgian families with @entity74 ( @entity9680 ). METHODS: Homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous family as well as Sanger sequencing of the candidate gene in an independent family with @entity9680 followed by genotype-phenotype correlation studies. RESULTS: We identified a homozygous mutation in the gene @entity30334 .( @entity60362 ) within a shared 4.8-Mb homozygous region at 7p22.3 in 2 affected siblings of a consanguineous @entity9680 family. In an independent family, 2 siblings with @entity9680 were compound heterozygous for mutations in @entity30334 .(Gln302*) and @entity60363 . @entity4790 , @entity146 , and severe @entity303 were the core clinical signs in all @entity1 . Brain imaging consistently showed @entity62 . Low gonadotropin serum levels and @entity76 could be demonstrated in the index family. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity30334 have recently been found in families with @entity29548 , a condition defined by @entity6126 and @entity6447 . The mode of inheritance was proposed to be oligogenic for most families. We describe novel @entity30334 mutations causing an @entity9680 phenotype with pure monogenic recessive inheritance. Subclinical serum evidence of @entity6126 links this @entity29548 . Our study thus challenges the oligogenic inheritance model and emphasizes @entity4790 as an essential clinical feature in @entity30334 -mediated @entity179 .

title: @entity30334 mutations as a novel cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29548 :: ('MESH:C565870', 'Disease') :: ['disorder to Gordon Holmes syndrome', 'Gordon Holmes syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['Chorea', 'chorea']

entities_list: @entity60363 :: ('p|SUB|Y|539|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Tyr539Cys)']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive Huntington-like disorder']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity60362 :: ('p|SUB|G|456|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly456Glu']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['autosomal recessive Huntington-like disorder']


abstract: Prangos ferulacea is a plant found in the Mediterranean and Middle-east regions used as carminative, anti-flatulent, emollient and antibacterial herb. It is believed that the @entity6397 are responsible for some of known effects of Prangos. In this research the relaxant effects of P. ferulacea coumrin rich extract as well as osthole as its main prenylated @entity6397 were investigated on @entity35 ileum contraction in vitro. Relaxant effect of osthole and P. ferulacea extract were examined on contraction induced by @entity4338 , @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and electrical field stimulation (EFS) and compared with @entity12593 and @entity594 . The @entity1324 extract of P. ferulacea concentration-dependently relaxed ileum contraction induced by @entity4338 (IC50=1.3    0.25  g/ml), @entity1617 (IC50=7.7    1.1  g/ml) and EFS (IC50=8.8    1.4  g/ml), while, the extract at lower concentration (4  g/ml) potentiated the @entity1617 and EFS responses. Unlike the extract, osthole did not potentiate the ileum contraction but concentration-dependently inhibited ileum contractile responses to @entity4338 (IC50=2.2    0.7  g/ml), @entity1617 (IC50=2.5    0.7  g/ml) and EFS (IC50=2.8    0.24  g/ml). @entity12593 concentration dependently inhibited the ileum response to @entity1617 , with IC50 value of 0.61    0.09nM without affecting the @entity4338 response. As expected, the EFS response was only partially reduced. @entity594 (0.2-50 nM) inhibited tonic contraction induced by @entity4338 with IC50 value of 2.5    0.8 nM but only partially inhibited the response to @entity1617 . However, the response to EFS was reduced only by 33%. These results confirmed both potentiatory and inhibitory action of P. ferulacea extract on @entity35 ileum contractile activity. Osthole is responsible for the inhibitory effect but potentiating components are not yet known.

title: Antispasmodic effects of Prangos ferulacea XXXX extract and its main component osthole on ileum contraction.

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

entities_list: @entity12593 :: ('MESH:D011413', 'Chemical') :: ['propantheline', 'Propantheline']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1324 :: (MESH:D000096,Chemical) :: ['acetone']


abstract: To elucidate age-related differences in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), the authors evaluated 950 consecutive, @entity1 @entity465 virus-negative @entity1 (age range, 15 to 96 years) observed between July 1988 and June 1995 in the same Italian @entity5 institute. @entity1 were grouped into six age groups and cross-tabulated by Working Formulation (WF) categories and other newly recognized entities according to the Revised European American Lymphoma (REAL) classification, cell immunophenotype, and nodal or extranodal location. There was a tendency of the low-grade category to increase with increasing age (16.8% in the age group 15 to 34 years to 32.4% in the age group 65 to 74 years), although a subsequent decline was seen at age 75 years or older (23.2%). Also the intermediate-grade category was more frequent in the elderly (46.6% and 49.4% at 65 to 74 years and at 75 years or older, respectively). High-grade category showed compared with low and intermediate grade ones, a significant downward trend with age (X2 for trend = 25.31; P < .001), interrupted in only the oldest age group. The relative excess of low-grade @entity1893 in @entity1 older than 55 years. of age was accounted for by the high proportion of small @entity1072 , which, however, somewhat declined at age 75 years or older. Conversely, the relative excess of high-grade @entity1893 below age 35 years chiefly derived from the high percentage (28.4%) of @entity5823 -positive anaplastic large cell @entity706 . B- and @entity784 accounted for 85.9% and 9.0% of all cases, respectively. B- and T- and non-B, non-T-cell and histiocytic @entity1893 accounted for the remaining 5.1%. A highly significant trend of increase in the proportion of @entity1892 with age increase was noted (X2 for trend = 21.90; P < .001); chiefly attributable to the excess of T-cell (15.1%) and undetermined phenotype (18.6%) in @entity1 younger than 35 years of age. Extranodal location was not significantly related to age groups. Thus, the present study showed some interesting differences in @entity1893 morphology and cell phenotype according to age, avoiding, at the same time, the arbitrariness of @entity1 ' dichotomization into elderly and nonelderly.

title: Pathological and immunophenotypic features of adult non-Hodgkin's XXXX by age group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: This report describes three of primary bilateral @entity706 . Case 1 was an 87-year-old female. She was admitted to our hospital because of @entity417 . Masses in the bilateral adrenal glands were noted on abdominal computed tomography (CT). After combination chemotherapy, bilateral adrenal masses transiently showed a remarkable reduction, but they soon enlarged and she died. The pathological diagnosis at autopsy was @entity1893 (diffuse medium sized cell type). Case 2 was a 77-year-old male. He visited our hospital complaining of general malaise. Masses in the bilateral adrenal glands were noted on abdominal CT and he was admitted. The left adrenal was biopsied under echo guidance. The pathological diagnosis was @entity1893 (diffuse medium sized cell type). The bilateral adrenal masses transiently responded to combination chemotherapy, but soon enlarged again and he died. Case 3 was a 75-year-old male. He visited our hospital complaining of general malaise. Masses in the bilateral adrenal glands was noted on abdominal CT and he was admitted. The left adrenal was biopsied under echo guidance. The pathological diagnosis was @entity1893 (diffuse medium sized cell type). Combination chemotherapy was followed by a complete remission and discharge of the @entity1 .

title: [Primary bilateral XXXX in 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['adrenal lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity2314 and @entity10153 gene mutations in young @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: A total of 269 consecutive hospitalized @entity1 of @entity385 , aged between 18-55 years, were recruited. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. And 7 exons and flanking introns of a-galactosidase gene ( @entity10153 ) were sequenced. RESULTS: The cases were @entity385 (n = 239, 88.8%) transient @entity63 attack and posterior circulation @entity63 (n = 30, 11.2%). There were 216 males and 53 females with a mean age of 44    8years.Large artery @entity731 was predominant at 55.4% according to the TOAST classifications. Among them, there were @entity56748 point mutation (n = 12) and @entity59534 mutation (n = 20). These two sites were located in the 5 'end of non-untranslated region in exon 1. Both loci were polymorphic loci.No disease-causing mutations were detected. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity2314 in young @entity64 @entity1 is not high as in Western countries;there has some difference in TOAST types between @entity1 with @entity59534 mutation and without, further studies are needed to testing the significance.

title: [Prevalence of @entity385 in young adults and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: @entity303 is characterized by a progressive @entity73 and @entity146 (NPSD) such as @entity2146 , @entity25 . There is some evidence of activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain in @entity303 , but little research has been performed regarding the role of neuroinflammation in NPSD, which might represent a potential novel target for treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between NPSD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the cytokines @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity688 , and the cytokine receptor sIL-1RII, in @entity1 with @entity303 and NPSD. Ninety-four @entity1 (mean age 79  8; 67% female) with a score on the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) >= 10 points, were included. Clinical assessment included administration of NPI, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Cohen-Mansfield @entity2146 inventory (CMAI). The cytokine levels in CSF samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations were statistically examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r), and simple- and multiple-linear regression. The anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 showed reverse correlations with total NPI score (NPI-total=-0.001, t(90)= 8.50, p=0.004) and NPI sub-items @entity2146 ( @entity2146 =-0.007, t(90)=7.02, p=0.009) and night-time behaviour (night time behaviour=-0.006, t(90)=6.34, p=0.01). There was a trend towards reverse correlation between @entity688 and @entity308 ( @entity308 =-0.004, t(90)=2.96, p=0.09). Also, the soluble cytokine receptor sIL-1RII showed a trend towards correlation with apathy (apathy=0.82, t(82)=3.62, p=0.06). The levels of @entity650 showed no significant correlations with NPSD. Levels of @entity310 were non-detectable. In @entity195 ( @entity195 ) subjects (n=33), @entity650 showed reverse correlation with @entity148 (r=-0.35, p=0.049). In mixed @entity195 subjects (n=26), @entity688 showed reverse correlations with the total NPI score (r=-0.46, p=0.02) and @entity308 (r=-0.45, p=0.02). The findings indicate a relationship between neuroinflammation and @entity146 in @entity195 in which anti-inflammatory signalling by @entity688 is beneficial from a mental health perspective.

title: XXXX in @entity303 -A role for neuroinflammation?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['apathy and sleeping problems']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric symptoms']


abstract: Bacterial and viral products, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cause inducible (i) @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) synthesis, which in turn produces massive amounts of @entity842 (NO). NO, by inactivating enzymes and leading to cell death, is toxic not only to invading viruses and bacteria, but also to host cells. Injection of LPS induces interleukin (IL)-1beta, @entity1192 , and @entity3623 synthesis in the anterior pituitary and pineal glands, meninges, and choroid plexus, regions outside the blood-brain barrier. Thereafter, this induction occurs in the hypothalamic regions (such as the temperature-regulating centers), paraventricular nucleus (releasing and inhibiting hormone neurons), and the arcuate nucleus (a region containing these neurons and axons bound for the median eminence). Aging of the anterior pituitary and pineal with resultant decreased secretion of pituitary hormones and the pineal hormone @entity2493 , respectively, may be caused by NO. The induction of @entity3623 in the temperature-regulating centers by infections may cause the decreased febrile response in the aged by loss of thermosensitive neurons. NO may play a role in the progression of @entity195 and @entity304 . LPS similarly activates cytokine and @entity3623 production in the cardiovascular system leading to @entity301 . Fat is a major source of NO stimulated by @entity1243 . As fat stores increase, @entity1243 and NO release increases in parallel in a circadian rhythm with maxima at night. NO could be responsible for increased @entity301 as @entity28 supervenes. Antioxidants, such as @entity2493 , @entity620 , and @entity270 , probably play important roles in reducing or eliminating the oxidant damage produced by NO.

title: The XXXX theory of aging revisited.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the influence of @entity30626 in the more common high-tension, @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: Eighteen sporadic cases and 35 probands from 35 familial cases, including three families with one member having normal-tension @entity726 (NTG), were enrolled. Using transgenomic WAVE denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), all coding portion of the @entity30626 gene (from exon 4 to exon 16) was analyzed. Samples displaying an altered elution profile were sequenced to confirm and identify sequence variants. Exon 4 containing the previously reported @entity30627 ( @entity30627 ) recurrent mutation (covering 13% of normotensive cases) was entirely sequenced. RESULTS: We did not detect the mutation @entity30627 , and we did not find any other pathogenic mutation. A putative splice-site mutation was detected in one family. Extension of segregation analysis to additional family members and mRNA investigation failed to establish a certain involvement of this mutation with the disease. We detected a number of common polymorphisms, including the previously reported @entity30630 ( @entity30630 ) variant. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, mutations in the @entity30626 gene are not associated with adult-onset primary @entity725 .

title: XXXX gene is not involved in the common high-tension form of @entity725 .

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity30630 :: ('p|SUB|M|98|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.M98K', 'Met98Lys']

entities_list: @entity30627 :: ('p|SUB|E|50|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Glu50Lys', 'p.E50K']

answer: @entity30626 :: (10133,Gene) :: ['Optineurin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity842 (NO) production and @entity3623 expression by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity785 were compared with two control groups: 16 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 23 @entity1 with mechanical sciatica. @entity1507 was determined by fluorimetry in plasma and by spectrophotometry in supernatants. @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) was detected in cultured PBMC by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and flow cytometry with or without treatment of the cells with interleukin (IL) 1beta+ @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity3646 or @entity379 ( @entity379 ) from day 1 to day 5. RESULTS: NO metabolite concentrations were lower in @entity785 @entity1 (mean+/-s.e.m. 34.3+/-2.63 micromol/l) than in @entity309 (48.3+/-2.82 micromol/l; P<0.02) and sciatica (43.3+/-5.24 micromol/l; P<0.03) @entity1 . @entity3623 was detected in cultured monocytes in all three groups but induction occurred on day 1 in @entity309 , day 2 in sciatica and only on day 3 in @entity785 , whatever the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: The concentrations of NO metabolites are decreased in @entity785 @entity1 and the metabolism of these compounds in PBMC is altered. Low levels of NO, a vasodilator, may be involved in @entity2553 , which is critical in @entity785 . This may have therapeutic implications.

title: Low levels of XXXX (NO) in @entity785 : @entity3623 production is decreased in cultured peripheral blood monocyte/macrophage cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS', 'Inducible NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The four-member SPA protein family of @entity958 acts in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase @entity29820 to suppress photomorphogenesis in dark-grown seedlings. Here, we demonstrate that SPA proteins are, moreover, essential for photoperiodic flowering. Mutations in @entity29819 cause phyA-independent early flowering under short day (SD) but not long day (LD) conditions, and this phenotype is enhanced by additional loss of @entity61286 and @entity61287 function. These @entity29819 @entity61286 @entity61287 triple mutants flower at the same time in LD and SD, indicating that the SPA gene family is essential for the inhibition of flowering under non-inductive SD. Among the four SPA genes, @entity29819 is necessary and sufficient for normal photoperiodic flowering. Early flowering of SD-grown spa mutant correlates with strongly increased FT transcript levels, whereas CO transcript levels are not altered. Epistasis analysis demonstrates that both early flowering and FT induction in @entity29819 mutants is fully dependent on CO. Consistent with this finding, SPA proteins interact physically with CO in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that SPA proteins regulate CO protein function. Domain mapping shows that the @entity29819 -CO interaction requires the CCT-domain of CO, but is independent of the B-box type Zn fingers of CO. We further show that @entity29819 @entity61286 @entity61287 mutants exhibit strongly increased CO protein levels, which are not caused by a change in CO gene expression. Taken together, our results suggest, that SPA proteins regulate photoperiodic flowering by controlling the stability of the floral inducer CO.

title: XXXX SPA proteins regulate photoperiodic flowering and interact with the floral inducer CONSTANS to regulate its stability.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many case-control studies have investigated the association between @entity148 , @entity308 , the history of @entity146 symptoms and risk of @entity0 . However, findings are inconsistent, and results may be explained by the fact that most of the epidemiological data available come from retrospective case-control studies. We have conducted this case-control study with a so-called "limited prospective study design" to reduce the potential for recall bias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an extension of the Kuopio @entity0 Study. @entity1 with breast symptoms were referred by physicians to the Kuopio University Hospital (Finland) and were asked to participate in this study. These subjects were interviewed and all study variables were obtained before any diagnostic procedures were carried out, so neither the investigator nor the subject knew the final diagnosis of breast symptoms at the time of the interview. The research method used was the semistructured in-depth interview method. The Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 rating scale (MADRS) was used to evaluate the @entity308 of the study subjects. All study subjects were also asked to complete standardised questionnaires (Beck @entity308 Inventory and Spielberger Trait Inventory). The Forsen Inventory was used to evaluate the history of @entity146 symptoms of the subjects in the six years prior to admission. RESULTS: Clinical examination and biopsy showed @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in 34 @entity1 , @entity1558 ( @entity1558 ) in 53 @entity1 , while 28 study subjects were healthy ( @entity8221 ). The mean "Forsen-score 2-6 yrs" of the @entity0 group was lower (9.8) than the scores of the @entity1558 group (11.8) and the @entity8221 group (12.5) (p = 0.4). The investigator-characterized variables, "MADRS"- and " @entity308 "-variables correlated significantly (p-value under 0.001) with those variables reported by the study subjects, "BDT", "A-trait" and "Forsen-score". The " @entity148 "-variables characterized by the investigator correlated to the "A-trait"-variable and "Forsen-score"-variable reported by the study subjects (p-value under 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support an overall association between @entity148 , @entity308 , history of @entity146 symptoms and @entity0 risk. However, the exact effects of psychological factors on the various hormones relevant to the development of @entity0 are at present poorly defined.

title: XXXX , @entity308 , and the history of @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1558 : a prospective case-control study in Kuopio, Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BC', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease', 'BBD']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: In order to evaluate the significance of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity14 , the @entity14 Chemotherapy Study Group, from 140 leading hospitals in Japan, conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial on @entity1 who had undergone curative resections for @entity14 during the period from February 1984, to December 1985. The regimens for @entity694 were, Arm I: @entity1138 [intraoperative portal vein bolus (12 mg/m2) + postoperative, twice weekly and then three times bimonthly for six months intermittent i.v. bolus (6 mg/m2)] + @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 200 mg/body/day p.o. for six months; Arm II: postoperative twice weekly and then three times bimonthly intermittent i.v. bolus @entity1138 (6 mg/m2) for six months + @entity1487 200 mg/body/day p.o. for six months; Arm III: surgery alone. The regimens for @entity5 were, Arm IV: same as Arm I, with superior rectal artery infusion of the same @entity1138 dose instead of portal vein infusion; Arm V: same as Arm II; Arm VI: same as Arm III. Of 2001 collected cases, 1805 eligible cases (899 @entity694 and 906 @entity5 ) were analyzed. Significant differences in five-year survival rates were found between Arms IV and V and Arm VI [Arm IV: 70.7% (95% confidence interval (C.I.): 65.6-75.8%), P = 0.004 vs Arm V: 73.6% (68.5-78.7%), P = 0.000 vs Arm VI (control): 60.2% (54.5-65.9%)]. No significant difference in overall survival rate was found in the @entity694 @entity1 [Arm I: 80.4% (75.7-85.1%), not significant (N.S.) vs Arm II: 82.1% (77.8-86.4%), N.S. vs Arm III (control): 79.5% (74.6-84.4%)]. When stratified into Dukes classes, however, @entity2195 @entity1 in Arm II showed a significantly improved survival rate compared with that of those in Arm III [Arm I: 72.6% (64.8-80.4%), N.S. vs Arm II: 75.0% (67.9-82.1%), P = 0.012 vs Arm III (control): 61.0% (51.4-70.6%)]. We conclude the adjuvant use of long term oral @entity1487 and intermittent @entity1138 (i.v.) to improve the survival rate of @entity1 with curatively resected @entity5 . Further comparative study is, however, recommended to confirm the effectiveness of @entity1487 alone and the combination of @entity1487 and @entity1138 . Regional chemotherapy made no contribution to reducing an hepatic recurrence of @entity694 or a local recurrence of @entity5 .

title: Five-year results of a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected @entity14 . The XXXX Chemotherapy Study Group of Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether bone formation under Teflon capsules may be enhanced by concomitant implantation of recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived @entity2140 -BB/insulin-like @entity2140 -I (rhPDGF-BB/ @entity442 ) incorporated into a @entity5498 cellulose gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five male 6-month-old albino @entity35 of the @entity35 strain were used in the study. The lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus was exposed on both sides of the jaw. In 70 sites, the periosteum was removed from the ramus, leaving the bone denuded, while in 35 sites, it was preserved. On 10 non-periosteal (P-) sites and five periosteal (P+) sites, an empty rigid teflon capsule (d=7 mm), serving as control, was placed on the ramus. In the 40 test animals, the capsule placed on the one side of the jaw was filled at random with one of three different concentrations (1,200, 600, 150 microg/ml) of rhPDGF-BB/ @entity442 gel. The capsules placed on the contralateral side of the jaw contained a placebo @entity5498 cellulose gel. Each @entity2140 group, defined according to the gel concentration, and the placebo group contained 10 capsules placed on the P- side and five capsules placed on the P+ side. Two months after surgery, all animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: Histologic analysis revealed that in the non-filled control capsules, the amount of new bone including the bone marrow was 29.9% and 39.7% of the capsule area on the P- and P+ sides, respectively. In the test capsules with the @entity2140 gel and placed on the P-sides, the amounts of new bone ranged from 5.6% to 6.3%, which were similar (p>0.05) to that formed in the capsules filled with the @entity5498 cellulose gel (5.5%). New bone formation was larger in the capsules on the P+ sides than in those on the P- sides but was similar in the capsules with different @entity2140 concentrations (range 17.9-19.6%) and in those with placebo gel (21.0%). In all groups, the carrier gel was poorly absorbed and occupied most of the capsules. CONCLUSION: Local application of a @entity5498 cellulose gel obstructed bone formation under Teflon capsules placed adjacent to uninjured cortical bone in the mandibular ramus of @entity35 . These data suggest that another material should be utilized to deliver growth factors under Teflon membranes for guided bone regeneration.

title: XXXX cellulose gel obstructed bone formation by GBR: an experimental study in @entity35 .

answer: @entity5498 :: (CHEBI:32875,Chemical) :: ['Methyl']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the diagnostic yield of double-contrast barium enema examinations performed for @entity14 1 cm or larger or advanced @entity1313 of any size in average-risk adults older than 50 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Institutional Review Board at the affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center approved this HIPAA-compliant study protocol and did not require informed consent from @entity1 . Computerized databases revealed 276 double-contrast barium enema examinations performed for @entity14 screening in average-risk adults older than 50 years. Radiographic and pathologic reports were reviewed to determine the number of @entity1 who had polypoid lesions 1 cm or larger, @entity1127 smaller than 1 cm, or advanced @entity1313 of any size. Forty-five (16.3%) of the 276 @entity1 underwent follow-up sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Medical, endoscopic, and pathologic records were reviewed and compared with radiographic findings. RESULTS: The results of double-contrast barium enema examination revealed 74 (26.8%) of 276 @entity1 with 104 polypoid lesions in the colon, including 32 @entity1 (11.6%) with 41 polypoid lesions 1 cm or larger, 15 @entity1 (5.4%) with 19 @entity1127 6-9 mm, and 27 @entity1 (9.8%) with 44 @entity1127 5 mm or smaller. Endoscopy was performed in 24 (75%) of 32 @entity1 , the results of which confirmed 23 (72%) of 32 radiographically diagnosed lesions 1 cm or larger in 16 (67%) of 24 @entity1 . In two of these individuals, the @entity1127 were @entity5072 . The remaining 14 @entity1 had a total of 21 @entity1313 1 cm or larger, including 11 tubular @entity652 , seven @entity652 , one @entity5493 with marked @entity1141 , and two @entity5 . The diagnostic yield of screening double-contrast barium enema examination was 5.1% (14 of 276 @entity1 ) for @entity1313 1 cm or larger and 6.2% (17 of 276 @entity1 ) for advanced @entity1313 of any size. CONCLUSION: Double-contrast barium enema examinations performed in average-risk adults older than 50 years have a diagnostic yield of 5.1% for @entity1313 1 cm or larger and 6.2% for advanced @entity1313 , regardless of size.

title: XXXX : screening double-contrast barium enema examination in average-risk adults older than 50 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer screening of neoplasms', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubulovillous adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Growth is a highly complex process regulated by the interaction between sex @entity230 and the GH IGF-axis. However, other factors such as sex chromosome-related genes play independent roles. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of abnormal chromosome constitution for longitudinal growth in relation to reproductive hormones, @entity442 , and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3. SETTING: The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 included 86 47,XXY males, 14 46, @entity3779 , and nine 47,XYY. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standing and sitting height, serum levels of reproductive hormones, @entity442 , and @entity2301 were measured. RESULTS: In @entity1 with 47,XXY and 47,XYY karyotypes, growth was accelerated already in childhood, compared with healthy @entity1 . 46, @entity3779 were significantly shorter than healthy @entity1 but matched the stature of healthy @entity1 . In 47,XXY sitting height to height ratios were lower than expected, whereas body proportions in 46, @entity3779 and 47,XYY were normal. In all subjects serum levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 were within normal limits. The @entity1 with 46,XX and 47,XXY karyotypes presented with low normal @entity251 and elevated LH levels after puberty, whereas the sex hormone secretion of the 47,XYY @entity1 remained normal. CONCLUSION: We found accelerated growth in early childhood in @entity1 with 47,XXY and 47,XYY karyotypes, whereas 46, @entity3779 were shorter than controls. These abnormal growth patterns were not reflected in circulating levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 . The @entity1 with 46,XX and 47,XXY karyotypes developed @entity6126 in puberty, but @entity342 secretion in 47,XYY @entity1 remained normal. The abnormal stature of these @entity1 may be a result of abnormal gene expression due to the underlying chromosome aberration resulting in excessive expression of growth-related genes.

title: Abnormal sex chromosome constitution and longitudinal growth: serum levels of @entity442 , XXXX , luteinizing hormone, and @entity251 in 109 males with 47,XXY, 47,XYY, or sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY)-positive 46,XX karyotypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGF binding protein-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A nationwide outbreak of @entity364 was traced to injection of Exserohilum-contaminated @entity1667 . We describe our experience with @entity1 who developed @entity281 after injection of contaminated @entity1667 . METHODS: Data were assembled from the Michigan Department of Community Health, electronic medical records, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports. RESULTS: Of 544 @entity1 who received an epidural injection from a contaminated lot of @entity1667 at a @entity158 clinic in southeastern Michigan, 153 (28%) were diagnosed at our institution with probable or confirmed @entity364 at the injection site. Forty-one @entity1 had both @entity693 and @entity281 , and 112 had only @entity281 . Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities included abscess, phlegmon, @entity2443 , and @entity4034 . Surgical debridement in 116 @entity1 revealed @entity7181 most often. Among 26 @entity1 with an abnormal MRI but with no increase or change in @entity1118 , 19 (73%) had @entity281 identified at surgery. @entity364 was confirmed in 78 @entity1 (51%) by finding hyphae in tissues, positive polymerase chain reaction, or culture. Initial therapy was @entity5074 plus liposomal @entity2379 in 115 @entity1 (75%) and @entity5074 alone in 38 @entity1 (25%). As of January 31, 2014, 20 @entity1 remained on an azole agent. Five @entity1 died of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: We report on 153 @entity1 who had @entity364 at the site of epidural injection of contaminated @entity1667 . One hundred sixteen (76%) underwent operative debridement in addition to treatment with antifungal agents.

title: @entity364 associated with contaminated XXXX injections.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'spinal or paraspinal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection', 'fungal infections', 'spinal or paraspinal fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural phlegmon and epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity52680 ( @entity52680 ) in the context of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is associated with significant morbidity and high recurrence rates after surgical resection. Non-surgical treatments are therefore advocated. This study explored outcomes in @entity1 with @entity52680 not associated with @entity1412 who underwent surgical resection. METHODS: Data were analysed from a prospectively collected database at a @entity242 tertiary referral centre. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2011, 15 @entity1 without @entity1412 underwent primary curative surgical resection of @entity52680 . Their median (range) age was 42 (19-64) years. Median @entity5 size was 18 (8.5-25) cm and weight 1306 (236-2228) g. Complete macroscopic clearance was obtained in all @entity1 . There were no deaths in hospital or within 30 days and only one @entity1 developed a major complication. Median follow-up was 40 (6-119) months. During follow-up two @entity1 developed a recurrence after a disease-free interval of 12 and 16 months. CONCLUSION: In contrast to @entity1412 -associated @entity52680 , non- @entity1412 -associated @entity52680 has a very low recurrence rate after surgical resection. Surgical resection is therefore advocated as first-line treatment in @entity1 with non- @entity1412 -associated @entity52680 when resection can be performed with low morbidity.

title: Surgical resection for non-familial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity52680 :: ('MESH:D018221', 'Disease') :: ['IAF', 'Intra-abdominal fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatosis polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyposis-related intra-abdominal fibromatosis']


abstract: The very rare event of 3 types of liver @entity5 occurring at different times and locations in a user or oral contraceptives is reported. The @entity1 developed @entity6594 at 36 years of age in 1977 after using pills for 14 years. She had taken a combination of @entity8098 and @entity8473 for the last 7 years. The @entity5 was 13 cm in diameter and extensively involved the inferior suface of the right lobe. She discontinued pills, the @entity5 resolved, and she remained well. In 1984 a @entity39 hemorrhagic mass with a thick fibrous capsule was then found at the same site. It was a poorly differentiated @entity157 . During a second laparotomy 2 months later for curative resection, another nodular mass 2 cm in diameter was found on the left lobe, apparently a @entity4383 . 9 months later several @entity5 implants appeared on the serosal surface of the transverse colon, metastatic @entity157 . After partial colectomy the @entity1 has been free of @entity5 for 2 years. The literature on the few cases of malignant transformation of @entity652 associated with contraceptive @entity230 is discussed. Even though such @entity652 usually resolve after discontinuation of the pill, @entity1 should probably be followed with ultrasound over several years.

title: Resolution of a contraceptive-steroid-induced @entity6594 with subsequent evolution into XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['benign hepatic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity8473 :: ('MESH:D008656', 'Chemical') :: ['mestranol']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity2228 transporter @entity25057 regulates both glycinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission by controlling the reuptake of @entity2228 at synapses. Trafficking of @entity25057 to and from the cell surface is critical for its function. Activation of PKC down-regulates the activity of @entity25057 through a mechanism that has so far remained uncharacterized. Here we show that GLYT1b undergoes fast constitutive endocytosis that is accelerated by @entity4996 . Both constitutive and regulated endocytosis occur through a @entity16734 - and clathrin-dependent pathway, accumulating in the transporter in @entity69 -containing endosomes. A chimera with the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the @entity7169 and the @entity1473 -terminal tail of @entity25057 was efficiently internalized through this clathrin pathway, suggesting the presence of molecular determinants for GLYT1b endocytosis in its @entity1473 -terminal tail. Extensive site-directed mutagenesis in this region of the chimera highlighted the involvement of @entity376 residues in its internalization. In the context of the full-length transporter, @entity376 619 played a prominent role in both the constitutive and @entity1359 -induced endocytosis of GLYT1b, suggesting the involvement of ubiquitin modification of GLYT1b during the internalization process. Indeed, we show that GLYT1b undergoes ubiquitination and that this process is stimulated by @entity1359 . In addition, this endocytosis is impaired in an ubiquitination-deficient cell line, further evidence that constitutive and regulated endocytosis of GLYT1b is ubiquitin-dependent. It remains to be determined whether GLYT1b recycling might be affected in pathologies involving alterations to the ubiquitin system, thereby interfering with its influence on inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission.

title: Constitutive and regulated endocytosis of the XXXX transporter GLYT1b is controlled by ubiquitination.

entities_list: @entity7169 :: ('4804', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is highly comorbid with other @entity74 , and there are striking sex differences in this comorbidity, particularly during early childhood. For example, @entity1 with @entity71 are more likely to exhibit comorbid disruptive @entity146 , compared to @entity1 , during early childhood. Yet, explanations for these well-established sex differences remain in short supply. The current study evaluated the novel hypothesis that personality traits may serve as intermediate phenotypes that help explain sex differences in common @entity71 comorbidity profiles during early childhood. Study @entity1 were 109 @entity1 between the ages of 3 and 6 and their primary caregivers and teachers/daycare providers, recruited from the community and over-recruited for @entity71 -related problems. Primary caregivers completed the @entity1 Behavior Checklist, and teachers/daycare providers completed the Teacher Report Form as a measure of @entity1 behavior problems. Examiners completed the California Q-Sort as a measure of @entity1 personality traits. Moderated mediation analyses suggested that personality traits explain associations between @entity71 and @entity146 , and @entity3180 in a sex-specific manner. While high neuroticism mediated associations between @entity71 and oppositional-defiance in @entity1 , disagreeableness mediated associations between @entity71 and @entity146 and @entity258 mediated associations between @entity71 and @entity245 in @entity1 . Sex differences in trait-psychopathology associations may help explain sex differences in comorbidity profiles with possible implications for @entity1 assessment and personalized early intervention.

title: Personality Traits Elucidate Sex Differences in XXXX Comorbidity During Early Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'Child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional-defiance, aggression', 'aggression', 'behavior and neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental language problems']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['childhood disorders']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low conscientiousness']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare peri-implant soft- and hard-tissue integration at implants installed juxta- or sub-crestally. Furthermore, differences in the hard and soft peri-implant tissue dimensions at sites prepared with drills or sonic instruments were to be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three months after tooth extraction in six @entity235 , recipient sites were prepared in both sides of the mandible using conventional drills or a sonic device (Sonosurgery(  ) ). Two implants with a 1.7-mm high-polished neck were installed, one with the rough/smooth surface interface placed at the level of the buccal bony crest (control) and the second placed 1.3  mm deeper (test). After 8  weeks of non-submerged healing, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared for histological evaluation. RESULTS: The buccal distances between the @entity3161 ( @entity3161 ) and the most coronal level of osseointegration (B) were 1.6      0.6 and 2.4      0.4  mm; between @entity3161 and the top of the bony crest (C), they were 1.4      0.4 and 2.2      0.2  mm at the test and control sites, respectively. The top of the peri-implant mucosa (PM) was located more coronally at the test (1.2      0.6  mm) compared to the control sites (0.6      0.5  mm). However, when the original position of the bony crest was taken into account, a higher @entity604 and a more apical position of the peri-implant mucosa resulted at the test sites. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of implants into a sub-crestal location resulted in a higher vertical buccal bone resorption and a more apical position of the peri-implant mucosa in relation to the level of the bony crest at implant installation. Moreover, peri-implant hard-tissue dimensions were similar at sites prepared with either drills or Sonosurgery(  ) .

title: Sub-crestal positioning of implants results in higher bony crest resorption: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['abutment/fixture junction', 'AF']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Gene amplifications occur rarely in @entity1583 . We characterized two cases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) with marker chromosomes and 11q23-25 amplicons. Case 1 was a 14-year-old male with an additional ring of chromosome 11 material as the sole karyotypic abnormality, as determined by G-banding and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. Standard comparative genomic hybridization ( @entity6740 ) showed amplification in 11q23-qter. However, the @entity11626 gene, in 11q23, was not amplified by FISH. Case 2 was a 38-year-old male with the G-banding karyotype 51,XY,+8,+19,+3mar and with 11q22-qter amplification by standard @entity6740 . This @entity1 also had the @entity11626 - @entity61258 fusion gene. We used microarray-based @entity6740 ( @entity6740 ) to characterize the amplicons. In case 1, the amplified region in 11q24.3-25 (5.5 Mb) was continuous, and @entity11626 was not amplified, as expected. In case 2, the amplicon was divided into two distinct parts, in 11q23.3 (1.2 Mb) and in 11q23.3-25 (13.3 Mb). It contained a loss ( approximately 1 Mb) in 11q23.3, and the amplicon breakpoint was in the middle of @entity11626 . Although the amplicon size varied, the @entity1 had a common amplified region in 11q24-25 that comprised 14 genes. Expression microarray of case 1 revealed that three of these genes, @entity21468 , @entity61259 , and @entity61260 , were also overexpressed. The results indicate that the 11q24-q25 region may harbor new candidate oncogenes. In addition, the complex amplicon of case 2 suggests some intriguing chromosomal mechanisms.

title: Amplified, lost, and fused genes in 11q23-25 amplicon in XXXX , an @entity6740 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic neoplasms']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to discuss the underlying etiology of @entity428 and its sequel after unilateral internal jugular vein ligation. In addition, the management protocol for such rare cases has been discussed along with literature review. METHODS: PubMed and Google were used to search the literature for cases of @entity428 with complications after unilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) ligation. Twelve case reports with 17 @entity1 were identified. RESULTS: There were 13 male and 4 female @entity1 ranging between the ages of 26 and 61 years. @entity10 (n = 12/17; 70.5%), @entity892 (n = 10/17; 58.8%), @entity227 (n = 9/17; 52.9%), and @entity3894 or @entity509 of the transverse sinus were seen in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although very rare, this potential complication after unilateral IJV ligation should be kept in mind. Magnetic resonance venogram (MRV) is the investigation of choice to ascertain the underlying etiology. Conservative management should be started immediately. Surgical options are reserved for @entity1 with progressive symptoms.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

title: XXXX as a sequel of unilateral neck dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['Diplopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between @entity2030 in @entity513 ( @entity513 ) of the breast. METHODS: In 167 cases of @entity513 , the FF was assessed morphologically, and expression of ER, PR and @entity2030 was evaluated using MaxVision immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of @entity2030 in @entity513 with and without FF was 56.3% (45/80) and 28.7% (25/87) respectively, with significant difference (P=0.001). In @entity513 with FF, the @entity2030 expression of @entity5 cells in @entity5 with @entity2030 -positive fibroblasts (35/40, 87.5%) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that in @entity5 with @entity2030 -negative fibroblasts (10/40, 25.0%). In @entity513 with FF, the @entity2030 expression of fibroblasts of FF in grade 3 @entity513 (23/33, 69.7%) was significantly (P=0.006) higher than that in grade 1+2 @entity5 (17/47, 36.2%). The ER and PR expression of @entity5 cells in @entity5 containing @entity2030 -negative fibroblasts was 72.5% (29/40) and 65.0% (26/40) respectively, whereas the ER and PR expression of @entity5 cells in @entity5 containing @entity2030 -positive fibroblasts was 50.0% (20/40) and 42.5% (17/40) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (for both ER and PR, P=0.04). The age of @entity1 with @entity5 containing @entity2030 -negative fibroblasts was significantly (P=0.002) older than those containing @entity2030 -positive fibroblasts. The FF diameter/ @entity5 diameter in @entity5 containing @entity2030 -positive fibroblasts was significantly larger than those containing @entity2030 -negative fibroblasts. (3) For the groups of @entity5 size <=2 cm and @entity5 size between 2 cm to 5 cm, the diameter of the fibrotic focus was significantly (P<0.01) smaller than the fibrotic focus size of @entity5 >5 cm in size. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2030 expression is correlated with FF, and that in fibroblasts of FF correlated with @entity1 ' age, @entity5 grade, hormone receptors and FF diameter/ @entity5 diameter. @entity2030 expression in FF might be a marker for poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Significance of XXXX protein in fibrotic foci of mammary invasive ductal carcinomas].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2030 :: ('768', 'Gene') :: ['CA IX', 'fibrotic focus (FF) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity2030 :: (768,Gene) :: ['carbonic anhydrase IX']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8174 is a rare disease. Neonatal @entity8174 commonly presents with @entity4 , @entity146 , tenderness of parotid region, and with or without @entity221 . @entity8963 is one of the differential diagnoses of @entity4 with a prevalence of 3.8/10'000 of neonatal admission. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-day-old @entity1 with @entity221 and @entity2146 was admitted in the hospital. @entity4 was found during physical examination. Redness was observed in the face. Prenatal history was normal. Birth weight was 3500 g. Body weight, length, and head circumference were 4300 g (75 th percentile), 52 cm (50 th percentile), and 38 cm (75 th percentile), respectively. She was breastfed. Pulse and respiratory rates were 130/min and 50/min, respectively. Axillary temperature was 37.8  C. Head examination revealed normal sized fontanel (1.5 * 1.5 cm) without bulging. Eye and ear were normal. Abdominal examination revealed no abnormal findings. Results of urine analysis and culture were normal. Blood urea nitrogen, @entity1372 , @entity972 , and blood sugar were normal. Blood amylase was 10 U/L. Bilateral multiple reactive lymph node (size = 6 * 10 mm) at anterior cervical chain with a left @entity4 was observed in ultrasonography report. Pus was obtained following gentle pressure on Stensen's duct. @entity794 was detected in the microscopic and microbiological evaluations.The @entity1 received a seven-day treatment course with @entity2176 and @entity4509 . Neonate was discharged in a @entity558 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity8174 should be suspected in @entity1 with @entity221 , and @entity146 in pre-auricular region; and should be treated with appropriate antibiotics.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 : a case report from ahvaz, iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal parotitis', 'suppurative parotitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling', 'Left facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['Acute neonatal suppurative parotitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['Suppurative parotitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on radiologists' performance in detection of @entity438 with magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study and did not require @entity1 informed consent. Fifty maximum intensity projection MR angiograms in 50 @entity1 were used for observer performance study. The group included 22 @entity1 (age range, 43-86 years; mean, 60.2 years; 6 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) with @entity438 and 28 @entity1 (age range, 32-80 years; mean, 58.8 years; 10 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ) without @entity439 . The MR angiograms were obtained with three-dimensional time-of-flight 1.5-T MR imaging. Fifteen radiologists, including eight neuroradiologists and seven general radiologists, participated in the observer performance test. They interpreted the angiograms first without and then with the aid of the computer output by using an automated computerized scheme. The observers' performance without and with the computer output was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: For all 15 observers, average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) value for detection of @entity439 was increased significantly from 0.931 to 0.983 (P = .001) when they used the computer output. A(z) values for general radiologists and neuroradiologists increased from 0.894 to 0.983 (P = .022) and from 0.963 to 0.984 (P = .014), respectively. Improvement in the performance of general radiologists in terms of the A(z) value was much greater than that of neuroradiologists. Performance of general radiologists with CAD (A(z) = 0.983) slightly exceeded that of neuroradiologists without CAD (A(z) = 0.963) (P = .048). CONCLUSION: CAD improved neuroradiologists' and general radiologists' performance for detection of @entity438 with MR angiography; improvement was greater for general radiologists than it was for neuroradiologists.

title: XXXX at MR angiography: effect of computer-aided diagnosis on radiologists' detection performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the characteristics and management of @entity1 presenting to the ED of a major tertiary paediatric hospital with @entity159 ( @entity159 ). To determine the timing and efficacy of therapeutic interventions in this group and to identify factors that influence the effectiveness of treatment. METHOD: A retrospective audit of all @entity1 who presented to an ED of a tertiary paediatric hospital in @entity159 over a 3 year period. RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases were identified. Prehospital treatment had been administered in 51%. Uncomplicated @entity410 control was achieved in 30% with the combination of first and second line therapy. @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) of anaesthesia was required in 70% for the control of ongoing @entity410 activity (21 cases) or to support severe @entity1576 (five cases). This requirement for @entity1170 was increased to 85% in those with @entity410 duration in excess of 30 min and 89% of those who received prehospital treatment. Of those who required @entity1170 , 35% were treated for periods in excess of 60 min before this intervention was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Standard second line anticonvulsant treatment was relatively ineffective in terminating @entity410 in @entity1 who presented in @entity159 not responsive to @entity1245 . Failure to respond to prehospital treatment and prolonged @entity410 duration at presentation both predict poor therapeutic response. Third line treatment with @entity1170 of anaesthesia is often delayed while waiting for second line treatment to work.

title: When @entity1245 fail: how effective is second line therapy for @entity159 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid sequence induction', 'RSI']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The effects of PAR and UV radiation and subsequent responses of certain antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems were studied in a @entity579 field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR 8012. UV radiation resulted in a decline in growth accompanied by a decrease in @entity21364 and photosynthetic efficiency. Exposure of cells to UV radiation significantly affected the differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts or @entity2845 . UV-B radiation caused the fragmentation of the cyanobacterial filaments conceivably due to the observed oxidative stress. A significant increase of reactive @entity26 species in vivo and DNA strand breaks were observed in UV-B exposed cells followed by those under UV-A and PAR radiation, respectively. The UV-induced oxidative damage was alleviated due to an induction of antioxidant enzymatic/non-enzymatic defense systems. In response to UV irradiation, the studied cyanobacterium exhibited a significant increase in antioxidative enzyme activities of @entity224 dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Moreover, the cyanobacterium also synthesized some UV-absorbing/screening substances. HPLC coupled with a PDA detector revealed the presence of three compounds with UV-absorption maxima at 326, 331 and 345 nm. The induction of the biosynthesis of these UV-absorbing compounds was found under both PAR and UV radiation, thus suggesting their possible function as an active photoprotectant.

title: Responses of a XXXX -field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR-8012 upon exposure to PAR and UV radiation.

entities_list: @entity21364 :: ('MESH:C085815|MESH:C032081', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll a']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: After monotherapy with @entity136 in low dose in long infusion, promising results in a variety of advanced chemoresistant @entity5 have been reported. In a previous phase I trial on heavily pre-treated @entity1 , maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity136 in a 6 h infusion was 250 mg/m. The objective of our phase I-II trial was to test the combination of @entity136 in a 6-h infusion and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Eligible @entity1 were chemonaive, had locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 , Eastern Oncology Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2 and normal organ function. Treatment consisted of @entity136 in a 6-h infusion on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 at 75 mg/m on day 2 of a 3-week cycle. During phase I of the trial, the dose of @entity136 was escalated from 130 to 170, 210 and 250 mg/m. After establishing dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) and MTD of the combination, the trial continued as phase II. Altogether, 61 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 54 had stage IV disease. In phase I of the trial, groups of six, seven, eight and eight @entity1 were treated at the four dose levels of @entity136 . In phase II, the remaining 32 @entity1 all received @entity136 at 250 mg/m. Serious @entity137 included a @entity1 with grade 5 @entity943 and another with grade 4 @entity63 ; four @entity1 had grade 3 @entity417 . Reversible @entity1148 with platelets over 500 was recorded in 32 @entity1 ; 42 @entity1 had grade 2 @entity1665 . In general, tolerance to this treatment was good. One @entity1 had complete response and 27 had partial responses, for a 28 of 61 (46%) response rate. Median progression-free survival, median survival and 1-year survival were 6 months, 9.5 months and 40%, respectively. We conclude that this treatment has an acceptable, yet distinct, @entity137 profile; routine thromboprophylaxis is recommended. In our population of chemonaive @entity1 , no DLT has been encountered. Due to the remarkable response rate, further research is warranted.

title: Phase I-II trial of low-dose @entity136 in prolonged infusion and XXXX for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Interactions between cells and extracellular matrices are mediated in part by a family of heterodimeric molecules known as integrins. We have investigated, using immunohistology, the distribution of six integrin alpha sub-units in normal breast tissue and 26 @entity0 . Alpha-1 integrin (collagen/laminin receptor sub-unit) was detected in myoepithelium, but not in luminal epithelium nor in most (20/26) @entity189 . Its expression on fibroblasts was enhanced in @entity2269 . Both benign and malignant epithelium showed uniform positive staining for alpha-2 (collagen receptor sub-unit) and for alpha-3 (collagen/fibronectin/laminin receptor sub-unit). All epithelium was negative for @entity1293 (sub-unit of a fibronectin receptor). Epithelial staining for alpha-5 (fibronectin receptor sub-unit) was weak in all samples. Alpha-6 (sub-unit of two integrin laminin receptors) showed conspicuous changes in all invasive @entity189 . In normal tissues, there was weak staining of epithelial cytoplasm with alpha-6 antibody and moderate cell membrane staining. Strongest staining was present in a basement membrane distribution. In @entity189 , loss of cytoplasmic and cell membrane staining was variable, but basal membrane staining was diminished or absent in all @entity5 . Loss of basal membrane staining for alpha-6 integrin corresponded closely to loss of immunoreactivity for its ligand laminin in invasive @entity0 .

title: Co-ordinate expression of the alpha-6 integrin laminin receptor sub-unit and laminin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The adsorption and aggregation behaviors of @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) and @entity14942 ( @entity14942 ) on a hydrophobic @entity15583 surface were examined using a novel @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulation with the periodic-shell boundary condition (PSBC). Differences in the adsorption behavior of @entity214 and @entity14942 molecules were clearly shown on the hydrophobic surface. Unexpectedly, the @entity214 molecules approached the @entity15583 surface with their hydrophilic head groups. This unexpected approach mode was thought to be due to the aqueous layer on the @entity15583 surface. The hydrophobic moiety of @entity214 molecules repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed on the @entity15583 surface. In addition, @entity214 molecules kept moving on the @entity15583 surface; thus, they did not form a stable adsorption layer. In contrast to @entity214 , the hydrophobic moiety of @entity14942 molecules approached the @entity15583 surface at the primary step of adsorption. The hydrophobic moieties of @entity14942 molecules came close to each other, whereas the hydrophilic groups separated from one another. This result suggests that the @entity14942 molecules form molecular assemblies with a curved structure. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations. A clear difference between the adsorption behavior of @entity214 and @entity14942 molecules was revealed by @entity74 simulations with PSBC.

title: Simulation of dynamic behavior of surfactants on a hydrophobic surface using periodic-shell boundary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['CTAB', 'cetyltrimethylammonium bromide']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['molecular dynamics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injections of botulinum toxin type A are extremely effective in treating @entity1119 . The main problem is @entity158 during injections in the palms and pulp of the fingers. Anaesthesia of the hands using Emla and @entity1337 with an equimolar mixture of @entity26 / @entity3810 are occasionally disappointing. We analysed the value of hypnosis in reducing injection @entity158 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective study performed between September 2005 and September 2006, we offered a full session of hypnosis in order to relieve @entity158 for @entity1 presenting troublesome bilateral and @entity1119 and requiring treatment by palmar injection of botulinum toxin. At the end of the hypnosis session, @entity1 evaluated their @entity158 on a scale of 0 to 10 and indicated whether or not the injections had been bearable. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 included, 13 underwent a hypnosis session. The mean @entity158 scores following hypnosis were 2.52 and all @entity1 considered their injections bearable. Six @entity1 with a @entity158 score of between 7 and 8 out of 10 during previous injections without @entity1337 or using Kalinox evaluated their @entity158 as between 1 and 3 following hypnosis. DISCUSSION: Palmar injection of botulinum toxin is increasingly being used for @entity1119 @entity1 . In dermatology, access to operating theatres or the presence of a trained anaesthetist is normally extremely difficult, and hypnosis appears to offer an extremely effective method of reducing the @entity158 associated with such injections.

title: [Efficacy of hypnosis in the treatment of XXXX with botulinum toxin type A].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['palmar hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['palmar hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is thought to be associated with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) but previous studies are conflicting and have methodological limitations. This potential relationship has implications for investigation and treatment strategies, and may provide insights into disease pathogenesis. The relationship between @entity27 and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is unknown. METHODS: @entity25 cohort of 67   786 @entity1 was constructed from linked English hospital episode statistics (1999-2011). We compared this cohort with a reference cohort (2   684   131 @entity1 ) for rates of subsequent @entity725 and @entity1020 . A @entity725 cohort (comprising 87   435 @entity1 ) and an @entity1020 cohort (248   408 @entity1 ) were also constructed and compared with the reference cohort for rates of subsequent @entity25 . All analyses were restricted to @entity1 aged 55 and over and, within this age range, were age standardised using 5-year age groups. RESULTS: Risk of @entity725 following @entity25 was not elevated: the rate ratio for @entity725 was 1.01 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.19). Similarly, the risk of @entity25 following @entity725 was not elevated: the rate ratio was 1.00 (0.86 to 1.17). These findings held true across subgroup analysis according to sex and age group. By contrast, the risk of @entity1020 following @entity25 was significantly elevated, with rate ratio 1.44 (1.32 to 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Although plausible mechanisms exist to consider a link between @entity27 and @entity725 , the two conditions are not positively associated. This holds true in either temporal direction. By contrast, @entity27 is positively associated with @entity1020 . While potential confounding factors may contribute, @entity28 does not appear sufficient to explain this association.

title: Associations between @entity27 , primary open angle glaucoma and XXXX : record linkage study.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'A sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: @entity2360 is known for its protean manifestations; however involvement of the autonomic nervous system has not received much attention. Fifty @entity1 with varying duration and severity of illness were evaluated for @entity5433 clinically and electrophysiologically, using sympathetic skin response (SSR) and RR interval variability (RRIV) on deep breathing. The change in heart rate ( @entity5874 ) was calculated from RRIV. Five @entity1 had at least one autonomic symptom and one asymptomatic @entity1 had significant postural @entity551 . Absent SSR and abnormal @entity5874 were noted in seven @entity1 each. Overall, 13 @entity1 had electrophysiological @entity8053 and an additional six had clinical @entity8053 . All had normal peripheral conductions and all but one had normal hepatic functions. @entity8053 was more common among @entity1 with neurological presentation (12/32) than non-neurological (1/18) (p = .012). @entity8053 , often subclinical is common in @entity2360 and is probably of central origin. It is more frequent among those with neurological presentation. Sympathetic and parasympathetic functions are equally affected.

title: @entity5433 in XXXX --a clinical and electrophysiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia', 'Dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: @entity5 are among the most common @entity5 processes in female @entity235 . @entity1421 , the catalytic product of @entity4873 , may promote @entity5 development and angiogenesis. It has been investigated in several @entity1 @entity5 and also correlated with the evolution of the disease. However, the clinical implications of @entity5 pathology require more investigation in veterinary medicine. Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and @entity3 of major solid @entity5 and has been correlated with prognosis in @entity1 and @entity235 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity4873 expression and microvessel density in @entity235 mammary @entity189 and to correlate them with overall survival of the animal. @entity4873 and angiogenesis were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 46 mammary @entity189 (19 ductal and 27 metaplastic) and in healthy mammary glands. To assess @entity5 angiogenesis, microvessel density (MVD) was determined by CD31 staining. Immunostaining revealed that 46/46 (100%) of the @entity5 were positive for @entity4873 and CD31, and there was no statistical difference among @entity5 types. @entity4873 protein expression correlated positively with CD31 staining (r = 0.3742, P = .0104) but did not correlate significantly with @entity5 type. Longer overall survival was observed in @entity189 (P = .028), in @entity5 with low microvessel density (P = .0002) and with low @entity4873 score (P = .01). Our results demonstrate that increased microvessel density and increased @entity4873 expression were linearly related in the @entity235 @entity5 studied and were also related to worse prognosis and shorter overall survival. This suggests that @entity4873 inhibitors could be an alternative for the treatment and control of advanced @entity5 mammary disease in female @entity235 .

title: @entity4873 expression in @entity235 mammary XXXX : correlation with angiogenesis and overall survival.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'neoplastic', 'Mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but it is not clear why @entity1 do (or do not) follow acupuncturists' treatment recommendations. This study aimed to investigate theoretically-derived predictors of adherence to acupuncture. METHODS: In a prospective study, adults receiving acupuncture for @entity1643 completed validated questionnaires at baseline, 2  weeks, 3  months, and 6  months. @entity1 and acupuncturists reported attendance. Logistic regression tested whether illness perceptions, treatment beliefs, and treatment appraisals measured at 2  weeks predicted attendance at all recommended acupuncture appointments. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-four @entity1 participated (aged 18-89  years, M   =   55.9, SD   =   14.4; 70% female). 165 (51%) attended all recommended acupuncture appointments. Adherence was predicted by appraising acupuncture as credible, appraising the acupuncturist positively, appraising practicalities of treatment positively, and holding pro-acupuncture treatment beliefs. A multivariable logistic regression model including demographic, clinical, and psychological predictors, fit the data well (   (2) (21)   =   52.723, p   <   .001), explained 20% of the variance, and correctly classified 65.4% of @entity1 as adherent/non-adherent. CONCLUSIONS: The results partially support the dynamic extended common-sense model for CAM use. As hypothesised, attending all recommended acupuncture appointments was predicted by illness perceptions, treatment beliefs, and treatment appraisals. However, experiencing early changes in symptoms did not predict attendance. Acupuncturists could make small changes to consultations and service organisation to encourage attendance at recommended appointments and thus potentially improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Predicting adherence to acupuncture appointments for XXXX : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case-control retrospective analysis comparing @entity1 who developed a @entity86 with @entity1 who did not develop this complication. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for the development of an epidural @entity1410 following spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity16 following spinal surgery is a rare but devastating complication. @entity4282 should be suspected in the @entity1 who demonstrates a new postoperative @entity51 . The risk factors that predispose a @entity1 to a @entity86 have not been identified. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent spinal surgery at a single institution over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve @entity1 who demonstrated @entity16 after surgery and required surgical decompression because of an epidural @entity1410 were identified. All cases involved lumber laminectomies. A total of 404 consecutive @entity1 that underwent lumbar decompression and did not develop an epidural @entity1410 formed the control group. Factors postulated to increase the risk of @entity86 were compared between the two groups using logistic regression. RESULTS: Multilevel procedures (P = 0.037) and the presence of a @entity1003 (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors. Age, body mass index, perioperative durotomies, and postoperative drains were not statistically significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who require multilevel lumbar procedures and/or have a @entity1003 are at a significantly higher risk for developing a @entity86 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX after spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic deterioration', 'neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative spinal epidural hematoma', 'postoperative epidural hematoma']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['spinal epidural hematoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Decreased @entity855 correlates with intraocular pressure exposure in the optic nerves of @entity19 with @entity726 . To understand what underlies this energy deficit, we examined mitochondria in the myelinated optic nerve axons of the @entity7840 /2J @entity19 , a model of @entity726 secondary to iris @entity2118 , and the @entity7840 /2(wt-gpnmb) control strain. METHODS: Mitochondrial length, width, surface area, and health status were measured in 30 electron microscopic fields within the myelinated portion of optic nerves from @entity7840 /2J and @entity7840 /2(wt-gpnmb) @entity19 at 3, 6, and 10 months of age. Protein was isolated from optic nerve for analysis of @entity38209 , Parkin, @entity32329 ( @entity32329 ) by Western blot. RESULTS: The number of mitochondria in @entity7840 /2J optic nerve was increased, and they had significantly smaller surface area. Mitochondria in @entity7840 /2J were closer to the axolemma, more spatially isolated, and their cristae were more disrupted at every age group as compared to @entity7840 /2(wt-gpnmb). Autophagosomes were significantly increased in @entity7840 /2J optic nerve at all ages. Protein analysis showed higher LC3-II to LC3-I ratio in aged @entity7840 /2J optic nerve than in @entity7840 /2(wt-gpnmb). @entity38209 and Parkin levels were not statistically different across age groups. @entity32329 was significantly decreased in the aged @entity7840 /2J optic nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased surface area, combined with reduced oxidative capacity in mitochondria from the aged @entity7840 /2J axon, indicate that mitochondrial pathology may contribute to the energy deficit in @entity1781 . Though autophagosomes were increased in @entity7840 /2J optic nerve, the increased mitochondria and decreased @entity32329 suggest deteriorating mitochondria are not being efficiently recycled by mitophagy.

title: Mitochondrial morphology differences and mitophagy deficit in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigment disease']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic nerve']

entities_list: @entity32329 :: ('16783(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LAMP1', 'LC3-I and -II, and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous optic nerve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inclusion of unpublished data on the effects of antidepressants on @entity1 has suggested unfavourable risk-benefit profiles for some of the drugs. Recent meta-analyses of studies on adults have indicated similar effects. We obtained unpublished data for @entity903 that have so far not been included in these analyses. METHODS: The documentation for drug registration contained 16 studies in which @entity903 had been randomised against placebo. We registered the number of suicides, suicide attempts and ideation. We corrected for duration of medication and placebo treatment and used a standard Bayesian statistical approach with varying priors. RESULTS: There were 7 suicide attempts in @entity1 on the drug and 1 in a @entity1 on placebo. We found that the probability of increased intensity of suicide attempts per year in adults taking @entity903 was 0.90 with a "pessimistic" prior, and somewhat less with two more neutral priors. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the results of recent meta-analyses. @entity1 and doctors should be warned that the increased suicidal activity observed in @entity1 and adolescents taking certain antidepressant drugs may also be present in adults.

title: Suicide attempts in clinical trials with XXXX randomised against placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine']


abstract: Previous studies from this lab have shown NO-mediated modulation of free radical generation from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), following hypoxic-reoxygenation as well as in the normoxic cells. The present study is an attempt to investigate further the regulation of NO and free radical generation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated PMNs. PMNs were isolated from the @entity35 blood and peritoneal cavity, 4 h after LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. @entity842 synthase (NOS) activity and @entity3542 content were increased in the peripheral and peritoneal PMNs following LPS treatment. An increase in the apparent V(max) for @entity534 uptake was also observed in the LPS-treated peripheral PMNs, while peritoneal PMNs exhibited increase in both apparent V(max) and affinity for @entity534 . Synthesis of @entity3542 did not augment after increasing the availability of substrate to control PMNs, however, peripheral and peritoneal PMNs from LPS-treated @entity35 utilized @entity534 more efficiently for @entity3542 synthesis. NOS activity, @entity534 uptake, and its utilization were maximal in the peritoneal PMNs. @entity1426 (AA, 1 x 10(-6) M)-induced free radical generation from PMNs was also enhanced significantly after LPS treatment. Preincubation of PMNs with @entity3542 elevated the free radical generation and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) release. @entity1589 and antioxidant enzyme activity in the PMNs was significantly augmented after LPS treatment. NOS inhibitors, @entity5118 and @entity44211 , inhibited @entity1426 -induced free radical generation from LPS treated PMNs. The results obtained thus indicate that augmentation of free radical generation from @entity35 PMNs following LPS treatment appears to be regulated by NO and @entity1589 .

title: @entity842 - and oxygen-derived free radical generation from control and lipopolysaccharide-treated XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

entities_list: @entity44211 :: ('MESH:C080122', 'Chemical') :: ['7-nitroindazole']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid', 'arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']