abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the diagnostic value of @entity419 PET and MRI for the evaluation of active lesions in paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis. METHODS: We compared 21 @entity419 PET scans with 21 MRI scans (mean time interval 17  days) in 15 @entity1 (11 male, 4 female, age range 4  months to 19  years) with biopsy-proven histiocytosis. Primary criteria for the lesion-based analysis were signs of vital histiocyte infiltrates ( @entity236 and contrast enhancement for MRI; SUV greater than the mean SUV of the right liver lobe for PET). PET and MR images were analysed separately and side-by-side. The results were validated by biopsy or follow-up scans after more than 6  months. RESULTS: Of 53 lesions evaluated, 13 were confirmed by histology and 40 on follow-up investigations. The sensitivity and specificity of PET were 67  % and 76  % and of MRI were 81  % and 47  %, respectively. MRI showed seven false-positive @entity79 after successful chemotherapy. PET showed five false-negative small @entity79 , one false-negative lesion of the skull and three false-negative findings for intracerebral involvement. PET showed one @entity75 in the lymphoid tissue of the head and neck region and two false-positive @entity79 after treatment. Combined PET/MR analysis decreased the number of false-negative findings on primary staging, whereas no advantage over PET alone was seen in terms of false-positive or false-negative results on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective analysis suggests a pivotal role of @entity419 PET in lesion follow-up due to a lower number of false-positive findings after chemotherapy. MRI showed a higher sensitivity and is indispensable for primary staging, evaluation of brain involvement and biopsy planning. Combined MRI/PET analysis improved sensitivity by decreasing the false-negative rate during primary staging indicating a future role of simultaneous whole-body PET/MRI for primary investigation of paediatric histiocytosis.

title: The diagnostic value of XXXX PET and MRI in paediatric histiocytosis.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['false-positive lesion']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow oedema']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9518 interacts with @entity5345 and functions in regulating DNA double strand break repair pathways. Germline @entity9518 mutations are associated with @entity0 and @entity11807 . Thus, common variants in the @entity9518 are candidates for @entity5344 susceptibility. METHODS: We used a SNP tagging approach to evaluate the association between common variants (minor allele frequency>or=0.05) in @entity9518 and the risks of @entity0 and invasive @entity43 . 12 tagging SNPs (tSNPs) in the gene were identified and genotyped in up to 2,270 @entity0 cases and 2,280 controls from the UK and up to 1,513 invasive @entity43 cases and 2,515 controls from the UK, Denmark and USA. Genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared using logistic regression. RESULTS: Two tSNPs showed a marginal significant association with @entity43 : Carriers of the minor allele of @entity29821 were at reduced risk compared with the common homozygotes (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-1.0), P-trend = 0.045) and the minor allele of @entity29822 was associated with increased risk (OR = 1.15 (95%CI, 1.02-1.30), P-trend = 0.02). When the analyses were restricted to serous @entity43 , these effects became slightly stronger. These results were not significant at the 5% level after adjusting for multiple testing. None of the tSNPs was associated with @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that common variants in @entity9518 contribute significantly to @entity0 susceptibility. The possible association of @entity29821 and @entity29822 with @entity43 risks warrant confirmation in independent case-control studies.

title: Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XXXX gene and susceptibility to @entity5344 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity9518 :: (83990,Gene) :: ['BRIP1']


abstract: @entity19 experimental @entity1669 (EAT) is a model for @entity2621 that has served as a prototype of T cell-mediated @entity792 for more than three decades. Key roles for MHC restriction and autoantigen influence on susceptibility to @entity792 have been demonstrated in EAT. Moreover, it has served a unique role in investigations of self tolerance. In the early 1980s, self tolerance and resistance to EAT induction could be enhanced by increasing circulating levels of the autoantigen, @entity32411 (Tg), by exogenous addition as well as endogenous release. This observation, directly linking circulating self antigen to self tolerance, led to subsequent investigations of the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in self tolerance. These studies revealed that protection against @entity792 , in both naive and tolerized @entity19 , was mediated by thymically-derived @entity1961 (+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs. Moreover, these naturally-existing Tregs required proper costimulation, in context with autoantigen presentation, to maintain and enhance self tolerance. In particular was the selected use of MHC- and heterologous Tg-restricted models from both conventional and @entity19 . These models helped to elucidate the complex interplay between autoantigen presentation and MHC class II-mediated T cell selection in the development of Treg and autoreactive T cell repertoires determining susceptibility to @entity792 . Here we describe these investigations in further detail, providing a context for how EAT has helped shape our understanding of self tolerance and @entity792 .

title: XXXX : a model uniquely suited to probe regulatory T cell function.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 experience reductions in quality of life (QOL) while receiving @entity5 treatment and several approaches have been proposed to address QOL issues. In this project, the QOL differences between older adult (age 65+) and younger adult (age 18-64) @entity5 @entity1 in response to a multidisciplinary intervention designed to improve QOL were examined. METHODS: This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01360814. Newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy were randomized to active QOL intervention or control groups. Those in the intervention group received six multidisciplinary 90-minute sessions designed to address the five major domains of QOL. Outcomes measured at baseline and weeks 4, 27, and 52 included QOL (Linear Analogue Self-Assessment (LASA), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G)) and mood (Profile of Mood States (POMS)). Kruskall-Wallis methodology was used to compare scores between older and younger adult @entity1 randomized to the intervention. RESULTS: Of 131 @entity1 in the larger randomized controlled study, we report data on 54 evaluable @entity1 (16 older adults and 38 younger adults) randomized to the intervention. Older adult @entity1 reported better overall QOL (LASA 74.4 vs. 62.9, p = 0.040), higher social well-being (FACT-G 91.1 vs. 83.3, p = 0.045), and fewer problems with anger (POMS anger-hostility 95.0 vs. 86.4, p = 0.028). Long-term benefits for older @entity1 were seen in the anger-hostility scale at week 27 (92.2 vs. 84.2, p = 0.027) and week 52 (96.3 vs. 85.9, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Older adult @entity1 who received a multidisciplinary intervention to improve QOL while undergoing @entity5 treatments benefited differently in some QOL domains, compared to younger adult @entity1 . Future studies can provide further insight on how to tailor QOL interventions for these age groups.

title: Impact of a structured multidisciplinary intervention on quality of life of older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the timing of key decisions and clinical events in the treatment of @entity583 with thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN: Prospective study of emergency department @entity1 . SETTING: EDs in 11 urban and two rural hospitals. TYPES OF @entity1 : @entity1 with presumed @entity583 for whom a decision was made in the @entity2613 to administer thrombolytic therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Statistical analyses included determination of frequency of response, cross tabulation analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. In 210 thrombolytic-treated @entity1 (mean age, 57 +/- 14.1 years), a median time of 155 minutes elapsed between @entity158 onset and therapy; 67% of the delay was pre- @entity2613 arrival. The median time between @entity2613 arrival and the initial ECG was six minutes. The median time required for physicians to make a treatment decision was 20 minutes, followed by another median time of 20 minutes for staff to begin drug infusion. The median total hospital (door-to-needle) time was 50 minutes. Significantly shorter delays occurred in urban, teaching, and high-volume hospitals; when thrombolytics were stocked and/or started in the @entity2613 ; and when emergency physicians treated without involving private attending physicians. Although 95% of @entity1 received tissue plasminogen activator, six @entity1 treated with anisoylated plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex experienced a significantly faster door-to-needle time (P less than .05). CONCLUSION: Thrombolytics should be stocked and started in the @entity2613 . Emergency physicians should generally make the decision to administer thrombolytic therapy with reference to accepted protocols without awaiting an @entity2613 consultation from either private attendings or cardiologists.

title: Hospital delays and problems with thrombolytic administration in XXXX receiving thrombolytic therapy: a multicenter prospective assessment. Virginia Thrombolytic Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In operant learning, initial reward-associated memories are thought to be distinct from subsequent extinction-associated memories. Memories formed during operant learning are thought to be stored in "neuronal ensembles." Thus, we hypothesize that different neuronal ensembles encode reward- and extinction-associated memories. Here, we examined prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles involved in the recall of reward and extinction memories of food self-administration. We first trained @entity35 to lever press for palatable food pellets for 7 d (1 h/d) and then exposed them to 0, 2, or 7 daily extinction sessions in which lever presses were not reinforced. Twenty-four hours after the last training or extinction session, we exposed the @entity35 to either a short 15 min extinction test session or left them in their homecage (a control condition). We found maximal @entity5019 (a neuronal activity marker) immunoreactivity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex of @entity35 that previously received 2 extinction sessions, suggesting that neuronal ensembles in this area encode extinction memories. We then used the Daun02 inactivation procedure to selectively disrupt ventral medial prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles that were activated during the 15 min extinction session following 0 (no extinction) or 2 prior extinction sessions to determine the effects of inactivating the putative food reward and extinction ensembles, respectively, on subsequent nonreinforced food seeking 2 d later. Inactivation of the food reward ensembles decreased food seeking, whereas inactivation of the extinction ensembles increased food seeking. Our results indicate that distinct neuronal ensembles encoding operant reward and extinction memories intermingle within the same cortical area. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A current popular hypothesis is that neuronal ensembles in different prefrontal cortex areas control reward-associated versus extinction-associated memories: the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) promotes reward seeking, whereas the ventral mPFC inhibits reward seeking. In this paper, we use the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation procedure to demonstrate that @entity5019 -expressing neuronal ensembles mediating both food reward and extinction memories intermingle within the same ventral mPFC area.

title: Distinct XXXX -Expressing Neuronal Ensembles in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Mediate Food Reward and Extinction Memories.

answer: @entity5019 :: (314322(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Fos']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of eyes with peripheral exudative hemorrhagic @entity989 (PEHCR) simulating @entity320 . DESIGN: Noncomparative case series. @entity1 : A total of 173 eyes in 146 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical features and outcome. RESULTS: All cases were referred for possible @entity320 . The mean @entity1 age was 80 years, 145 (99%) were Caucasian, and 98 (67%) were female. The main lesion had a mean diameter of 10 mm and mean thickness of 3 mm. The lesion was located temporally in 103 eyes (77%), involved 1 or 2 quadrants in 123 eyes (92%), and was located between the equator and the ora serrata in 119 eyes (89%). Features included @entity548 in 134 eyes (78%), retinal exudation in 37 eyes (21%), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachment in 48 eyes (28%), and sub-RPE @entity548 in 45 eyes (26%). Peripheral RPE alterations or drusen were found in 120 @entity735 (69%) and 73 @entity735 (42%). Macular RPE alterations, drusen, or @entity1940 was found in 83 @entity735 (48%) and 97 @entity735 (56%). After observation (mean 15 months), lesion regression or stability was found in 80 eyes (89%) and progression was found in 10 eyes (11%). CONCLUSIONS: PEHCR is a hemorrhagic retinal degenerative process that simulates @entity320 .

title: Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic @entity989 simulating XXXX in 173 eyes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral eyes', 'contralateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: Over the past 2 decades, @entity1909 has increasingly been recognized as a cause of exposure-pattern @entity1909 . The introduction of the @entity28285 (SL) mix as a screening test has contributed to this improved recognition. However, there is growing evidence that the SL mix fails to detect a substantial number of genuine @entity566 . We therefore investigated whether another screening reagent (the Compositae mix) might be more sensitive in detecting cases of Compositae @entity566 than the SL mix. Over a 1-year period, we tested 656 consecutive unselected patch test @entity1 to both SL mix and Compositae mix. 31 @entity1 were found to have genuine @entity566 . Of these, 28 had reacted to the Compositae mix but only 13 had reacted to the SL mix. The Compositae mix failed to detect only 2 genuine @entity566 , whereas the SL mix missed 17 such @entity566 . On the other hand, the Compositae mix led to 9 irritant reactions, while there was only 1 irritant reaction with the SL mix. We conclude that @entity1909 is still being underdiagnosed with the current screening method, and that the Compositae mix is significantly more sensitive in detecting Compositae @entity566 than the SL mix.

title: Compositae mix is a more sensitive test for XXXX than the @entity28285 mix.

entities_list: @entity28285 :: ('CHEBI:37667', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene lactone']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Compositae allergies', 'allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Compositae dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Compositae dermatitis']


abstract: Topical @entity3875 agents have emerged as important options for the treatment of @entity1569 . @entity3873 , a naturally occurring and biologically active form of @entity3875 , has been developed in an ointment formulation for topical @entity1569 therapy in the United States. The product has been used outside of the United States for years. Several short-term (< 6 months) clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity3873 ointment 3 microg/g improves symptoms of @entity1569 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1569 without demonstrating clinical evidence of alterations in @entity460 homeostasis, but little information has been available about the safety and effectiveness of continuous long-term use of @entity3873 ointment. In this open-label, multicenter study, 324 @entity1 with primarily mild to moderate @entity102 were treated with @entity3873 ointment 3 microg/g twice daily for up to 52 weeks. A total of 136 @entity1 completed 52 weeks of treatment. Serious adverse events (AEs) (reported by 1 @entity1 each unless otherwise noted) included a pretibial skin ulcer (study drug was used only on the upper body), a @entity2720 , @entity1867 (2 @entity1 ), @entity712 , hospitalization due to @entity4288 , @entity0 , and an @entity281 (due to a @entity235 bite). Clinical improvement in @entity1569 symptoms was assessed by an investigator-rated global severity score (GSS) and @entity1 -rated global assessment of improvement in @entity1569 symptoms from baseline. Improvements in GSS were seen over the course of treatment. @entity3873 ointment 3 microg/g is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated option for the long-term treatment of @entity102 . Clinical improvement was maintained for up to 52 weeks, with no clinical effect on @entity460 homeostasis or other relevant laboratory test parameters.

title: XXXX ointment 3 microg/g is safe and effective over 52 weeks for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', 'Calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disorder']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['metrorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['Calcitriol']


abstract: Lipids orchestrate biological processes by acting remotely as signaling molecules or locally as membrane components that modulate protein function. Detailed insight into lipid function requires knowledge of the subcellular localization of individual lipids. We report an analysis of the subcellular lipidome of the @entity1 macrophage, a cell type that plays key roles in @entity32 , immune responses, and phagocytosis. Nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasmalemma, and cytoplasm were isolated from RAW 264.7 macrophages in basal and activated states. Subsequent lipidomic analyses of major membrane lipid categories identified 229 individual/isobaric species, including 163 glycerophospholipids, 48 sphingolipids, 13 @entity3150 , and 5 @entity25578 . Major subcellular compartments exhibited substantially divergent glycerophospholipid profiles. Activation of macrophages by the @entity2939 -specific lipopolysaccharide Kdo(2)-lipid A caused significant remodeling of the subcellular lipidome. Some changes in lipid composition occurred in all compartments (e.g., increases in the levels of @entity9932 and the @entity165 precursors @entity19980 and @entity18749 ). Other changes were manifest in specific organelles. For example, oxidized @entity3150 increased and unsaturated cardiolipins decreased in mitochondria, whereas unsaturated @entity4543 -linked @entity25579 decreased in the ER. We speculate that these changes may reflect mitochondrial oxidative stress and the release of @entity1426 from the ER in response to cell activation.

title: Subcellular organelle lipidomics in XXXX -activated macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity25579 :: ('MESH:D010714', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamines']

entities_list: @entity18749 :: ('MESH:D007810', 'Chemical') :: ['lanosterol']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity19980 :: ('MESH:D003897', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor 4']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['TLR-4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the long-term effects of intraocular antagonism of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity1 with @entity1103 caused by @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with @entity1103 caused by branch @entity2994 (BRVOs) and 20 @entity1 with central @entity2994 (CRVOs). METHODS: After the month 3 primary end point, @entity1 were seen every 2 months and received injections of an anti- @entity7 agent as needed for recurrent @entity4 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean change from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at month 24 with assessment of other parameters of visual function and center subfield thickness (foveal thickness [FTH]). RESULTS: For 17 @entity1 with BRVO who completed 2 years of follow-up, the mean improvement from baseline in BCVA at month 24 was 17.8 letters compared with 15.6 letters at month 3. Improvement by at least 6, 3, or 2 lines occurred in 18%, 59%, and 76% of @entity1 , respectively. The Snellen equivalent BCVA at month 24 was 20/40 or better in 10 @entity1 . With an average of 2 injections of ranibizumab during year 2, the mean FTH at month 24 was 245.8  m compared with 217.1  m at month 3 and 481.5  m at baseline. For 14 @entity1 with CRVO who completed 2 years of follow-up, the mean improvement in BCVA at month 24 was 8.5 letters compared with 12.0 letters at month 3. Improvement by at least 6, 3, or 2 lines occurred in 14%, 21%, and 43% of @entity1 , respectively. The Snellen equivalent BCVA at month 24 was 20/40 or better in 4 @entity1 . With an average of 3.5 injections of ranibizumab in year 2, mean FTH at month 24 was 338  m compared with 278  m at month 3 and 533  m at baseline. Duration of RVO >1 year at study entry and nonperfusion of perifoveal capillaries for 360 degrees correlated with reduced visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Antagonism of @entity7 provides substantial long-term benefit to @entity1 with @entity1103 caused by RVO, but frequent injections are required in some @entity1 with BRVO and most @entity1 with CRVO.

title: Antagonism of @entity7 for XXXX caused by @entity2994 : two-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['RVOs', 'retinal vein occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess possible transmission modes of, and risk factors for, @entity1902 associated with Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) in a geriatric long-term-care facility. METHODS: During a prolonged outbreak of @entity697 , epidemiological data on illness among residents and employees were collected in conjunction with stool, vomitus, and environmental specimens for viral testing. NLVs were identified by electron microscopy in stool and vomitus specimens, and further characterized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Potential risk factors were examined through medical-record review, personal interview, and a self-administered questionnaire sent to all employees. RESULTS: During the outbreak period, 52 (57%) of 91 residents and 34 (35%) of 90 employees developed @entity697 . Four case-residents were hospitalized; three residents died at the facility shortly after onset of illness. A point source was not identified; no association between food or water consumption and @entity1902 was identified. A single NLV strain genetically related to Toronto virus was the only pathogen identified. Residents were at significantly higher risk of @entity1902 if they were physically debilitated (relative risk [RR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.0-12.9), as were employees exposed to residents with @entity697 (RR, 2.6; CI95, 1.1-6.5) or ill household members (RR, 2.3; CI95, 1.4-3.6). Adherence to infection control measures among the nursing staff may have reduced the risk of @entity1902 , but the reduction did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of evidence for food-borne or waterborne transmission, NLVs likely spread among residents and employees of a long-term-care facility through @entity1 -to- @entity1 or airborne droplet transmission. Rapid notification of local health officials, collection of clinical specimens, and institution of infection control measures are necessary if viral @entity1902 transmission is to be limited in institutional settings.

title: An outbreak of XXXX in a geriatric long-term-care facility: combined application of epidemiological and molecular diagnostic methods.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: Arterial complications of thoracic outlet compression have serious potential implications; however, these complications rarely appear. Between 1990 and 2006, prospectively collected data on 27 @entity1 with arterial complications of @entity531 were analyzed. The causes of arterial compression were cervical rib (20 [74.1%]), abnormalities of the first thoracic rib (three [11.1%]), soft tissue anomalies (two [7.4%]), and @entity1184 after @entity174 (two [7.4%]). In all cases, a combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular approach was used. Decompression was achieved by cervical rib excision in 13 (48.1%) @entity1 , combined cervical and first rib excision in seven (26%), and first rib excision in six (22.2%). Associated vascular procedures included resection and replacement of the subclavian artery (26 [97.3%]), one subclavian-axillary and one axillary-brachial bypass as well as 17 (63%) @entity11438 . The mean follow-up period was 7 years 4 months (range, 1-16 years). Two pleural entries, two transient @entity2685 , and one subclavian @entity432 were found. Complete resolution of symptoms with a return to full activity was noted in all cases. In surgical treatment, a combined anterior supraclavicular and infraclavicular approach is recommended as well as transbrachial embolectomy in all cases with symptoms of distal embolization.

title: Arterial complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicle fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic callus']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['brachial embolectomies']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery rethrombosis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity9498 as add-on therapy in secondary @entity6391 resistant to vasodilators. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2631 and @entity2406 having four or more @entity6391 attacks per week despite being on vasodilators were randomized to receive either placebo or @entity9498 (20   mg) on alternate days as add-on therapy to their current vasodilators for 6 weeks. After a 7-day washout, @entity1 were crossed over to the other arm. Primary endpoints were improvement in the daily frequency and duration of @entity6391 episodes and @entity6391 score (RCS). Secondary outcome measures were healing of existing and appearance of new digital ulcers (DUs) and improvement in @entity2631 -specific HAQ (SHAQ), quality of life (QoL), @entity384 ( @entity384 ), @entity1 and physician global assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 25 recruited @entity1 completed the study. All the @entity1 were receiving @entity460 channel blockers and in addition 18 were receiving other vasodilators. During @entity9498 therapy significant improvement in mean daily frequency, mean daily duration of @entity6391 and mean daily RCS were observed as compared with baseline and placebo. All the 24 digital lesions healed during @entity9498 therapy as compared with 3/13 during the placebo treatment (P<0.0001). One new DU was reported during @entity9498 therapy vs 13 during placebo therapy (P=0.0005). QoL, SHAQ, @entity384 , @entity1 and physician global assessment significantly improved while on @entity9498 . No serious adverse event was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity9498 as add-on therapy improves symptoms of @entity6391 , heals and prevents new DUs and improves QoL in @entity1 with resistant secondary @entity6391 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT00626665.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilator therapy: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil', 'Tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['RP condition', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['tadalafil']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is distinguished by a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, which extends to the pattern of expression and amplification of receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs). Although most GBMs harbor RTK amplifications, clinical trials of small-molecule inhibitors targeting individual RTKs have been disappointing to date. Activation of multiple RTKs within individual GBMs provides a theoretical mechanism of resistance; however, the spectrum of functional RTK dependence among @entity5 cell subpopulations in @entity5 is unknown. We investigated the pattern of heterogeneity of RTK amplification and functional RTK dependence in @entity5 cell subpopulations. Analysis of The Cancer Genome @entity463 dataset identified 34 of 463 cases showing independent focal amplification of two or more RTKs, most commonly @entity675 ( @entity675 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on eight samples with @entity470 and @entity675 amplification, revealing distinct @entity5 cell subpopulations amplified for only one RTK; in all cases these predominated over cells amplified for both. Cell lines derived from coamplified @entity5 exhibited genotype selection under RTK-targeted ligand stimulation or pharmacologic inhibition in vitro. Simultaneous inhibition of both @entity470 and @entity3820 was necessary for abrogation of PI3 kinase pathway activity in the mixed population. DNA sequencing of isolated subpopulations establishes a common clonal origin consistent with late or ongoing divergence of RTK genotype. This phenomenon is especially common among @entity5 with @entity675 amplification: overall, 43% of @entity675 -amplified @entity463 were found to have amplification of @entity470 or the hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene (MET) as well.

title: Intratumoral heterogeneity of receptor @entity669 kinases @entity470 and @entity675 amplification in XXXX defines subpopulations with distinct growth factor response.

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFRA', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor a']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GBM tumor', 'actual tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Atlas GBM', 'GBM', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: When compared with other EU countries, Poland is in the last place in terms of efficacy of @entity5 treatment. In order to remedy this situation, in 2008 Polish centres were given the opportunity to participate in an international programme for evaluating the treatment efficacy.The aim of the study was to present the results obtained during the first two years of research. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study protocol covered 71 questions concerning demographic data, diagnostics, risk factors, peri- and post-operative complications, histopathology, and treatment plan at discharge. The @entity1 and unit data were kept confidential. RESULTS: From 1 January 2008 to 30 December 2009, there were 709 @entity1 recorded, of which 55.9% were males. At least one risk factor was found in approx. 3/4 of @entity1 , while approx. 1/3 of @entity1 were classified to group 3 and 4 according to ASA. The mean distance of the @entity5 from the anal margin was 8.5 cm; approx. 70% of @entity1 were in the clinical stages @entity16178 and cT4; metastases were observed in 18.8%. Transrectal endoscopic ultrasonography (TREUS) was performed in 23.7% of @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2.5% and computed tomography (CT) scan - in 48.1%. In close to half of the @entity1 , anterior or low anterior resection of the rectum was performed, and abdominoperineal resection in 1/4 of the @entity1 . @entity834 was seen in 3.8% of @entity1 , while 1.8% died during hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: It should be strived after that all the centres undertaking the treatment of @entity5 should participate in the quality assurance programme. This should enable the achievement of good therapeutic results in @entity1 with @entity5 treated in Polish centres.

title: Preliminary results of the first quality assurance project in XXXX in Poland.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Circadian rhythms are modeled as reliable and self-sustained oscillations generated by single cells. The @entity1 @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) keeps near 24-h time in vivo and in vitro, but the identity of the individual cellular pacemakers is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that circadian cycling is intrinsic to a unique class of @entity10789 neurons by measuring firing rate or @entity5394 gene expression in single neurons. We found that fully isolated @entity10789 neurons can sustain circadian cycling for at least 1 week. Plating @entity10789 neurons at <100 cells/mm(2) eliminated synaptic inputs and revealed circadian neurons that contained @entity5463 ( @entity28207 ) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity3549 ) or neither. Surprisingly, arrhythmic neurons (nearly 80% of recorded neurons) also expressed these neuropeptides. Furthermore, neurons were observed to lose or gain circadian rhythmicity in these dispersed cell cultures, both spontaneously and in response to @entity1928 stimulation. In @entity10789 explants treated with @entity1022 to block spike-dependent signaling, neurons gained or lost circadian cycling over many days. The rate of @entity5394 protein accumulation on the previous cycle reliably predicted the spontaneous onset of arrhythmicity. We conclude that individual @entity10789 neurons can generate circadian oscillations; however, there is no evidence for a specialized or anatomically localized class of cell-autonomous pacemakers. Instead, these results indicate that @entity28207 , @entity3549 , and other @entity10789 neurons are intrinsic but unstable circadian oscillators that rely on network interactions to stabilize their otherwise noisy cycling.

title: Intrinsic, nondeterministic circadian rhythm generation in identified XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['suprachiasmatic nucleus', 'SCN']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of postoperative sore throat (POST) is considered to be the result of laryngoscopy, intubation damage, or inflated cuff compression of the tracheal mucosa. In this study, we compared the effectiveness in alleviating POST using different approaches to @entity3310 (BH) administration by spraying the endotracheal tube (ET) cuff or the oropharyngeal cavity, or both. METHODS: Three hundred eighty @entity1 were included in this prospective and double-blind study, which was randomized into 4 groups: group A, oropharyngeal cavity spray of BH, and distilled water on the ET cuff; group B, both the oropharyngeal cavity and the ET cuff received BH spray; group C, the ET cuff received BH spray, and the oropharyngeal cavity received distilled water; and group D, distilled water sprayed on both the ET tube and into the oropharyngeal cavity. The @entity1 were examined for sore throat (none, mild, moderate, severe) at 0, 2, 4, and 24 hours postextubation. RESULTS: The incidence of POST was 23.2%, 13.8%, 14.7%, and 40.4% in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. POST occurred significantly less frequently in groups B and C compared with group D (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.60; P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups A and D (odds ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-1.01). Moreover, there was no significant interaction between spraying BH over the oropharyngeal cavity and the ET cuff on the incidence of POST (P = 0.088). The severity of POST was significantly more intense in group D compared with groups B and C (P < 0.001). Group B had a significantly higher incidence of local numbness, @entity809 compared with @entity1 in group D (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that spraying BH on the ET cuff decreases the incidence and severity of POST without increased BH-related adverse effects.

title: The effectiveness of XXXX spraying on the endotracheal tube cuff or oral mucosa for postoperative sore throat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3310 :: ('MESH:D001591', 'Chemical') :: ['benzydamine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['burning, and/or stinging sensation']

answer: @entity3310 :: (MESH:D001591,Chemical) :: ['benzydamine hydrochloride']


abstract: @entity4509 plus @entity114 (A+P) was compared to @entity4509 plus @entity7911 (A+C) in a double-blind study. Therapy with one of these combinations was given, as soon as servere @entity281 was suspected, to 117 @entity1 with proved gram negative @entity281 , none of whom was granulocytopenic. Gram negative @entity2259 was documented retrospectively in 52 @entity1 ; 25 had received A+P and 27 had been treated with A+C. All the isolated gram negative pathogens were sensitive to @entity4509 (MIC less than 12 microng/ml). In the A+P group, 55 per cent of the @entity1 responded favorably while in the A+C group 63 per cent did respond; the difference was more striking for bacteremic @entity1 : 52 per cent responded in the A+P group and 70 per cent in the A+C group. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The outcome of @entity1 whose @entity281 was treated by synergistic combinations against the offending pathogen was better (66 per cent) than that observed in @entity1 who received nonsynergistic combinations (48 per cent) (p less than 0.05). Once again the results were more striking in the bacteremic @entity1 (p less than 0.01). A favorable outcome was associated also with a high (larger than or equal to 1/8) bactericidal activity of the diluted serum of the treated @entity1 against the offending pathogen (p less than 0.05). This study suggests that the optimal therapy in gram negative @entity295 might be the administration of synergistic combinations of antibiotics.

title: Significance of antimicrobial synergism for the outcome of gram negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The incidence and pathomechanism of recurrent @entity1988 (RLN) after transplantation is not clearly understood. Burning out of the autoimmune process or local immunoregulatory mechanisms in the kidney may be responsible for the low incidence of recurrence. These mechanisms cannot be investigated in @entity1 subjects, due to post-transplant immunosuppression. To investigate the pathomechanisms of RLN, male and female kidneys were transplanted from FAS @entity1252 (LPR) or control (FAS intact) MRL @entity19 into either LPR or MRL recipients. Urinary protein and blood urea were assessed. Double negative (DN) lymphocyte proliferation was determined by flow cytometry. Two months after transplantation inflammatory infiltration of the glomerular, vascular and interstitial compartments were determined. Renal function as demonstrated by blood @entity1133 levels was normal in MRL recipients, but elevated in LPR recipients, independent of the donor strain. Paralleling functional results, inflammatory infiltration was mild or absent in MRL recipients of MRL grafts, and mild to moderate in MRL recipients of LPR grafts, suggesting that kidney removal from the autoimmune (LPR) environment significantly reduced @entity32 . Graft infiltration was most severe in LPR recipients: grafts were similarly inflamed independent of the donor. All LPR recipients had significantly less @entity1961 + Th cells versus MRL @entity19 . Transplantation of LPR grafts into MRL recipients reduced @entity1961 + Th cell percentage, accompanied by a slight induction of lupus autoantibody production. Our results demonstrate that @entity1988 is not kidney specific in the LPR model with recurrence after transplantation in the absence of immunosuppression.

title: XXXX reoccurs following transplantation in the lupus prone @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['deficient lupus prone']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus nephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Wait times for @entity5 diagnosis and treatment are a significant concern for Canadians. @entity1 with @entity263 experience longer waiting times for diagnosis and treatment than those observed for other @entity5 . Longer waits are associated with both @entity1 and @entity2673 and may be associated with worse prognosis. METHODS: @entity1 referred for treatment of @entity263 at a single Canadian @entity5 centre were interviewed. The intervals from suspicion to definitive therapy were calculated, factors associated with delays along this pathway were identified, and common causes of delay identified by @entity1 were described. RESULTS: A total of 41 consecutive @entity1 participated. The median interval from suspicion to the first fraction of radiotherapy for all @entity1 was 247 days (interquartile range [IQR] 168-367 d). The median diagnostic interval was 53 days (IQR 28-166 d). The median treatment interval was 127 days (IQR 100-180 d). @entity1 under 70 years old and @entity1 with <T2c disease had shorter intervals from suspicion to treatment. From diagnosis to start of radiotherapy, @entity1 with low-risk disease had longer intervals. Seventy percent of @entity1 perceived a delay in their care, of which 45%, 31% and 24% of @entity1 felt the delays were due to the health care system, @entity1 or physician factors, respectively. INTERPRETATION: In this study, 12% and 0% of @entity1 met Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control and Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists wait time recommendations, respectively. A large component of wait time is @entity1 driven. Alternate strategies should be developed and measured to shorten the intervals between the suspicion and treatment of @entity263 .

title: Wait times in XXXX diagnosis and radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['family psychosocial distress']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity2299 is a relatively common problem observed in clinical practice, seen both in instances when evaluating @entity1 with subjective problems as well as among those coming to take a regular preventive exams. needless to say, discovery of any significant @entity455 necessitates initiation of proven medical therapy, which, ideally, besides its action on blood lipid values, sholud also exert effect on other, equally important parameters of @entity455 . STUDY GOAL: Goal of the sudy was to evaluate effects of regular consumption of @entity3092 on blood lipid values among healthy @entity1 with @entity2299 discovered on routine laboratory work up for different reasons. The study was designed as double blind, randomised study with two hunderd @entity1 in each arm and total duration of the study being two months. RESULTS: Groups were randomized in accordance with age and sex of @entity1 as well as degree of blood lipid elevations. Average @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL and LDL value in both groups were similar to statisticaly insignificant differences among groups. Test group A had average values of @entity165 6,21 mmol/l, @entity1674 3,02 mmol/l, HDL 0,89 mmol/l and LDL 3,98 mmol/l. Control group had values of same parameters as follows 6,17 mmol/l, 3,14 mmol/l, 0,92 mmol/l and 3,84 mmol/l respectively. Upon completion of therapy, test group has demonstrated a decrease in @entity165 , @entity412 and LDL values with parallel increase in HDL. Average @entity165 values at the end of the study were 5,09 mmol/l, whereas HDL and LDL values changed to 1,29 mmol/l and 2,91 mmol/l respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity1 rarely agree to start taking medications on a permanent basis, medications most of which are related to certain, not that infrequent, side effects. So these @entity1 start using other means in an attempt to put blood lipids under control. Some of these means include lifestyle modification, exercise, but also use of food supplements that are proven to lower blood lipids. Among these available supplements, @entity3092 has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its strong antioxidant effects.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity2299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['Quercetin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of long-term survival of more than 5 years in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-four @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 treated with chemotherapy from September 2002 to October 2003 were reviewed. RESULTS: Ten (8%) @entity1 survived for more than 5 years. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for the 10 @entity1 was 61.5 months, ranging from 60.1 to 81.0 months. All of the 10 @entity1 had performance status (PS) 0 or 1 and @entity420 . As the initial treatment, 9 @entity1 were treated with a @entity902 -containing chemotherapy [median progressive free survival (PFS), 10.7 months] and 8 @entity1 received @entity4562 as the second or third line chemotherapy (median PFS, 28.7 months). Nine @entity1 received cytotoxic agents after first line chemotherapy (median duration of the chemotherapy, 22.4 months). A mean regimen of chemotherapy was three (range, 1-8). Re-challenge of @entity4562 was performed in 2 @entity1 , and surgical resection of solitary brain metastasis was performed as the initial treatment in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that good performance status, @entity420 and @entity470 -TKI therapy play an important role in the long-term survivors of more than 5 years.

title: Long-term survivors of more than 5 years in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess success rates of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in @entity1 with various stages of @entity46 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Reproductive medicine unit in a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Infertile @entity1 (n = 2,245) with various stages of @entity46 or @entity249 . INTERVENTION(S): IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Dose of FSH, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, implantation rate, pregnancy rate (PR), live birth/ongoing PR. RESULT(S): @entity1 with @entity46 had similar pregnancy and live birth/ongoing PR as did @entity1 with @entity249 , but the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) stage I and II @entity46 @entity1 had a lower fertilization rate, and stage III and IV @entity1 required more FSH and had fewer oocytes retrieved. Splitting the stage III and IV groups into @entity1 with and without @entity46 showed that the @entity46 group required more FSH and had a significantly lower pregnancy and live birth/ongoing PR. CONCLUSION(S): With the exception of @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity249 @entity1 with various stages of @entity46 have the same success rates with IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection as @entity1 with tubal factor. This contrasts with the systematic review on which the European Society of @entity1 Reproduction and Embryology bases its recommendations.

title: In  vitro fertilization is a successful treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal factor infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['endometriosis-associated infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiated @entity4348 (DEAC) of the uterus was first described by Silva et al. in 2006. The @entity5 has high-grade @entity1204 component which abruptly emerged from low-grade areas. DEAC showed more @entity146 phenotype than FIGO grade 3 @entity4348 . However, there have been a few studies evaluating effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for the @entity1 with DEC. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old case with Stage IVB DEAC that clinically showed resistance to several regimens of chemotherapy is reported. The uterine @entity5 with size of 120 x 100 mm, and the @entity3 were found in lung, liver, and pelvic lymph nodes. She underwent supra-vaginal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, and partial resection of ileum. Pathologically, the @entity5 had both well differentiated and undifferentiated @entity189 components, and it was diagnosed as DEAC. After primary surgery, the @entity1 received four regimens of adjuvant chemotherapy, however all regimens were judged as progressive disease. Subsequently, the @entity1 died of disease seven months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The present case of DEAC had an exceedingly poor prognosis, as was suggested in the several previous reports. The review of adjuvant therapeutic modalities revealed that there has been no effective therapy in the response-evaluable @entity1 with DEAC. Further investigations for new strategy to treat the cases with DEAC are needed.

title: Dedifferentiated XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'corpus tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus']


abstract: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for the conservation of genetically superior animals, including high milk- and meat-producing @entity1237 breeds. However, until now, no information was available concerning the cryopreservation of preantral follicles (PF) enclosed in caprine ovarian tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of caprine PF after exposure to and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in 1.5 and 3M @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity10977 (EG). At the slaughterhouse, each ovarian pair from five adult mixed breed @entity1237 was divided into nine fragments and randomly distributed into treatment groups. One fragment was immediately fixed for histological examination and ultrastructural analysis, after slaughter (control). Four of the ovarian fragments were equilibrated at 20 degrees C for 20 min in 1.8 ml of MEM containing 1.5 or 3M GLY or EG for a @entity137 test and the final four fragments were slowly frozen using these cryoprotectants at the concentrations above. After @entity137 testing and freezing/thawing, the ovarian fragments were fixed for histological examination. Histological analysis showed that after @entity137 testing and cryopreservation of the ovarian tissue in GLY or EG at both concentrations, the percentage of normal PF was significantly lower than controls. Ultrastructural analysis of PF frozen in 1.5 and 3M GLY, as well as 3M EG demonstrated that these follicles remained morphologically normal. In conclusion, we demonstrated cryopreservation of caprine PF in ovarian tissue.

title: Cryopreservation of caprine ovarian tissue using @entity653 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity10977 :: (MESH:D019855,Chemical) :: ['ethylene glycol']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess whether @entity1 transfer demonstrated health-care disparities in @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity6 who had been admitted to non-federal hospitals in 2006. This was a secondary data analyses. Retrospective data was extracted from the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Data analysis and management were performed using SPSS version 17.0. Of the 2,774 discharges, 1,684 (67%) were admitted through the emergency room. The primary insurance was Medicare (1,200) (43%). Insurance type influenced whether or not a @entity1 was transferred (p < 0.001). There was a significant disparity between gender and @entity1 insurance (p < 0.001). More males (67%) than females (33%) were admitted, however, more females died than expected (p < 0.001). These results suggested that @entity1 ' age, gender, and insurance were the major factors that influenced @entity1 transfer. All @entity1 , irrespective of age, gender, or ethnicity, should be treated equally upon admission.

title: Exploring the disparities in health-care outcomes of inpatient XXXX transfers in non-federal hospitals.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['diabetic myocardial infarction']


abstract: Previous studies in neurologically intact subjects have shown that motor coordination can be described by task-dependent combinations of a few @entity121 , defined here as a fixed pattern of activation across a set of muscles. Arm function in severely impaired @entity64 survivors is characterized by stereotypical postural and movement patterns involving the shoulder and elbow. Accordingly, we hypothesized that muscle synergy composition is altered in severely impaired @entity64 survivors. Using an isometric force matching protocol, we examined the spatial activation patterns of elbow and shoulder muscles in the affected arm of 10 @entity64 survivors (Fugl-Meyer <25/66) and in both arms of six age-matched controls. Underlying @entity121 were identified using non-negative matrix factorization. In both groups, muscle activation patterns could be reconstructed by combinations of a few @entity121 (typically 4). We did not find abnormal coupling of shoulder and elbow muscles within individual @entity121 . In @entity64 survivors, as in controls, two of the synergies were comprised of isolated activation of the elbow flexors and extensors. However, @entity121 involving proximal muscles exhibited consistent alterations following @entity64 . Unlike controls, the anterior deltoid was coactivated with medial and posterior deltoids within the shoulder abductor/extensor synergy and the shoulder adductor/flexor synergy in @entity64 was dominated by activation of pectoralis major, with limited anterior deltoid activation. Recruitment of the altered shoulder @entity121 was strongly associated with abnormal task performance. Overall, our results suggest that an impaired control of the individual deltoid heads may contribute to @entity51 in arm function.

title: Alterations in upper limb muscle synergy structure in chronic XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke deficits']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle synergies']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of @entity410 associated with @entity1468 . The aim of this study was to determine whether it alters the dose of @entity1341 required to produce @entity410 in awake pregnant @entity35 . METHOD: Twelve pregnant @entity35 were pretreated with an intravenous infusion of either @entity2400 or saline. Following 2 h of the pretreatment, @entity1341 was concomitantly infused in all animals until the onset of @entity410 . Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout. Serial arterial samples were obtained during the infusion. At the onset of @entity410 , fetuses were delivered and maternal and fetal blood, as well as various tissue samples, were obtained. All samples were assayed for @entity1341 and @entity1760 concentrations. RESULTS: @entity551 and HR decreased significantly shortly after the initiation of @entity2400 , while saline did not affect these measurements. Baseline concentrations of @entity1760 in plasma were similar in both @entity2400 and saline groups; @entity1760 increased significantly during the infusion of @entity2400 . The dose (mean+/-SD) of @entity1341 required to produce @entity410 in the animals receiving @entity2400 was significantly larger (10.2+/-1.9 mg/kg) than that in the saline group (5.9+/-1.0 mg/kg) (P<0.05). As a consequence, @entity1341 concentrations in the brain and liver at the onset of @entity410 were greater in animals receiving @entity2400 (16.0+/-8.4 and 18.2+/-4.3 microg/g wet weight, respectively) than in those given saline (12.1+/-2.2 and 9.9+/-2.0 microg/g wet weight, respectively). Fetal @entity1341 concentrations at the onset of @entity410 in the @entity2400 group were also higher than those in saline group. However, the rate of placental transfer of this drug was similar between @entity2400 and saline animals. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the clinically used concentration of @entity2399 increased the threshold of @entity1341 -induced @entity410 in awake @entity35 .

title: @entity1760 and XXXX -induced @entity410 in awake pregnant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal MAP']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Immune-mediated @entity389 (IMIED) is one of the few reversible forms of @entity1274 . Treatment is based on high-dose corticosteroids, although long-term therapy is associated with serious adverse effects; this has led to the use of other agents or different routes of administration such as transtympanic delivery. This study analyses the role of biological agents in IMIED management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched PUBMED for studies that examined the response to treatment with different biological agents in @entity1 with IMIED. The following data were extracted from the selected studies and entered into a standardised database: exclusion and inclusion criteria, characteristics of the @entity1 studied, treatment, outcome measures and response rates achieved. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in this review. A TNF alpha inhibitor (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) was used in 8 studies, an @entity1192 antagonist (anakinra) was used in 3 studies and rituximab, an antibody directed against the @entity2225 surface antigen on B lymphocytes, was evaluated in 2 studies. Most studies achieved a hearing improvement or stabilisation in more than 70% of treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Biological agents can play a role in the management of @entity1 with IMIED, at least in those @entity1 who do not respond to conventional therapy or whose hearing is not stabilised. However, specially-designed randomised controlled clinical trials are needed to assess their effectiveness.

title: Review of the biologic agents used for immune-mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear disease']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['inner ear disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report an extremely rare case of @entity1410 derived from the ligamentum flavum within the thoracic spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only one previous case has been reported of a @entity1410 derived from the ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine. METHODS.: A 61-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity132 and @entity1183 below the navel. Magnetic resonance imaging on the 16th day after the onset of the symptoms showed @entity1745 at the T10-T11 level caused by a round mass. This intraspinal, extradural space occupying lesion, continuous with ligamentum flavum was centrally hypointense and marginal hyperintense on a T1-weighted image and central heterogeneous and marginal hypointense on a T2-weighted image. The wall of the lesion was slightly enhanced after use of a contrast medium. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent a T10 laminectomy and the mass was carefully resected from the dura mater. Histologic examination showed that the wall of the mass comprised fibrous connective tissue that contained elastic fibers derived from a degenerative ligamentum flavum tear. It also revealed that evidence of previous hemorrhagic events within the mass. There was no evidence of neoplastic nor synovial tissue. After surgery, the @entity1 's @entity1183 and @entity132 disappeared. CONCLUSION: This report identifies an extremely rare case of @entity1745 by a @entity1410 from the ligamentum flavum within the thoracic spine.

title: XXXX by ligamentum flavum @entity1410 in the thoracic spine.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['gait disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord compression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the differential effect of 2, group-based exercise modalities on quality of life (QoL) in indigenous Polynesian @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) and @entity1144 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to resistance training or aerobic training performed 3 times per for 16 weeks. The Short-Form 36 was administered at baseline and post intervention to assess 8 domains and physical and mental component scales (PCS and @entity8848 ) of QoL. RESULTS: With the exception of Mental Health and @entity8848 , all scores were lower at baseline than general population norms. Significant improvements were documented in several QoL scores in each group post intervention. No group x time interactions were noted. Pooled analyses of the total cohort indicated significantly improved Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily @entity158 , General Health, Vitality, Role-Emotional, PCS and @entity8848 . Adaptation ranged from 5%-22%, and demonstrated a moderate-to-large effect (Cohen's d = 0.64-1.29). All measures of QoL increased to near equivalent, or greater than general norms. CONCLUSION: Exercise, regardless of specific modality, can improve many aspects of QoL in this population. Robust trials are required to investigate factors mediating improvements in QoL, and create greater advocacy for exercise as a QoL intervention in this and other indigenous populations with T2DM.

title: Exercise improves quality of life in indigenous Polynesian XXXX with type 2 @entity1144 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['peoples']


abstract: AIM: The ringworms of pet @entity235 , @entity468 , and stray animals ( @entity235 , @entity468 , and other animals) could be a potential source of @entity2927 causing a serious public health problem in the busy city Kolkata. The pet owners are more susceptible to get this infection from their pets, because of the close contact with them as @entity4013 is very much prevalent in those pets. So, this study was aimed to check the prevalence of @entity4013 in @entity235 , @entity468 , and in pet owners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 362 clinically suspected cases of @entity4013 from @entity235 (123 in number), @entity468 (202 in number), and @entity1 beings (37 in number) were collected and studied from in and around Kolkata to detect the presence of significant dermatophytes. Direct microscopy and cultural examination of the isolates were performed following standard methodology. Identification and characterization of the isolates were done by different biochemical tests. RESULTS: Samples (n=285) having significant @entity364 were found to be of highest number in @entity468 (158, 55.5%) than in @entity235 (108, 37.8%) and @entity1 (19, 6.7%), respectively. The incidence of @entity14476 (60.0%) was the highest from affecting @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity1 beings in comparison to @entity14955 (22.5%), @entity12736 (15.8%) and @entity12734 (1.7%). Detection of @entity12734 was only from @entity1 cases in this study, whereas the presence of rest three were slightly higher in @entity468 than that of the @entity235 and @entity1 in this present study. The incidences were higher in young animals and in @entity1 of the age group of 21-30 years, during the rainy season (from April to August) and also in in-contact @entity1 beings. CONCLUSION: @entity14476 was the most commonly pathogen among all causing @entity4013 in animals and also in the pet owners. @entity14955 and @entity12736 were other pathogens associated with these infections. These infections were more prevalent in the rainy seasons and in in-contact @entity1 @entity1 or pet owners.

title: Detection and characterization of zoonotic dermatophytes from @entity235 and XXXX in and around Kolkata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14955 :: ('63402', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum gypseum', 'M. gypseum']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes', 'Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Microsporum canis']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum', 'T. rubrum']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: @entity4349 -based antineoplastic therapy is the standard of care for various @entity5 today and represents a breakthrough in this area. The @entity1370 of @entity8253 is well established. The acute form is often reversible and has no predictive value for the future. This early form does not prevent continuation of chemotherapy. Late @entity1370 due to @entity4349 is the leading limiting factor in its use. In adults, this resembles @entity384 , while in @entity1 it may be expressed as @entity296 . The discovery of modifiable risk factors has made it possible to identify @entity1 at high risk of developing late @entity1370 and @entity712 . Because @entity1002 and @entity712 may develop long after @entity4349 treatment ends, prolonged close follow-up is mandatory in asymptomatic subjects. Follow-up of asymptomatic @entity1 requires serial echocardiography (M-mode, 2D echo, Doppler, tissue Doppler, speckle tracking, etc.). @entity4349 -induced @entity296 must be treated according to the standard guidelines for chronic @entity712 with @entity1002 , by @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and beta-blockers. Lifestyle changes may reduce the long-term risk. Close collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists is highly desirable for optimizing management of these @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX -induced @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['Anthracycline']


abstract: In severe cases of the @entity166 by Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC), @entity1 display @entity8 known as @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) and central nervous system (CNS) failure. Among those severe symptoms, @entity1 with @entity6220 with @entity1381 have a greater chance of getting severe sequelae and mortality than with @entity1381 alone. Autopsy of the CNS shows mostly @entity4 and @entity63 changes, often with microhemorrhages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brains of @entity1 confirms @entity548 component involvement. This suggests the weakening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during the disease. Also, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows the weakening of the blood-CSF barrier. Although evidence of vascular involvement in CNS exists, the typical observation of microthrombosis in renal pathology is often absent in CNS. Importantly, there are @entity1 who develop CNS symptoms before the onset of @entity1381 . This suggests direct involvement of Shiga toxin (Stx) in @entity6220 which is in addition to renal involvement. The advantages of animal models are that Stx receptor expression in normal CNS tissue can be determined, and changes in histopathology, hematology, and serum and CSF contents can be analyzed at several different time points, which allow investigation of the nature of the disease. Importantly, in animal models with either STEC oral inoculation or purified Stx injection, paralysis of extremities is commonly observed. This shows the central role of Stx in @entity6220 in this disease. It is anticipated that precise mechanisms of Stx influence in the CNS will be delineated, and this information will lead to effective therapeutics in the near future.

title: Influence of @entity526 shiga toxin on the XXXX central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction', 'CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the only curative therapy for @entity1 with @entity459 (1HPT). Although cure rates of parathyroidectomy are generally high, failure is most often due to unrecognized @entity66 ( @entity66 ), which compromises 15-20% of @entity1 with 1HPT. The use of intraoperative @entity461 (ioPTH) monitoring is well established for @entity66 . Controversy remains over the utility of ioPTH in @entity66 , with concern for false-positive results leading to prematurely concluding the operation and leaving behind abnormal parathyroid tissue, risking future recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of ioPTH monitoring for @entity66 . METHODS: Between November 2000 and March 2008, data were prospectively collected on 755 @entity1 with 1HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy. @entity461 samples were collected pre-incision, and then at 5, 10, and 15 min after excision of suspected abnormal parathyroid gland(s). Surgical cure was defined as a drop of greater than 50% in @entity461 level. @entity1 were clinically cured if they became normocalcemic postoperatively and remained so for 6 months. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ioPTH predicted @entity177 of parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Of the 755 @entity1 , 163 (21.5%) were found to have @entity66 on pathology. Intraoperative @entity461 monitoring was used in 161 of these cases. In 146/161 cases (90.7%), the ioPTH level fell by at least 50% after removal of all suspected abnormal glands. All of these @entity1 (100%) remained normocalcemic postoperatively. In 15/161 cases (9.3%), the @entity461 level did not fall by >50%. For 11/15 cases (73%), @entity1 remained hypercalcemic postoperatively or had recurrence. However, in the remaining four cases, the @entity1 became normocalcemic postoperatively despite failure of the @entity461 to fall by >50%. In each of these @entity1 , @entity461 levels fell by 40-50%. CONCLUSIONS: ioPTH monitoring accurately predicted @entity177 of parathyroidectomy in 97.5% (157/161) of @entity1 with @entity66 . A fall of ioPTH by >50% can be used as a highly accurate predictor of cure in @entity1 with @entity66 . Therefore, ioPTH monitoring is a very useful tool in @entity1 with 1HPT and @entity66 .

title: Utility of intraoperative @entity461 for @entity459 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'single-gland disease', 'multigland disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['success or failure']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['multigland disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Type 4 phosphodiesterases ( @entity1980 ) play an important role in immune cells through the hydrolysis of the second messenger, @entity268 . Inhibition of @entity1980 has previously been shown to suppress immune and inflammatory responses, demonstrating @entity1980 to be a valid therapeutic target for immune-mediated pathologies. We assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel @entity1980 inhibitor, @entity25689 , in @entity1 synovial cells from @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 , as well as two @entity19 models of @entity625 . METHODS: Cells liberated from tissue excised from arthritic joints of @entity309 @entity1 were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of apremilast for 48 hours and spontaneous @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) production was analysed in culture supernatants by ELISA. In addition, @entity625 was induced in BALB/c and DBA/1 @entity19 by passive transfer of anti-type II collagen mAb and immunisation with type II collagen, respectively. @entity19 with established @entity625 received 5 or 25 mg/kg apremilast and disease severity was monitored relative to @entity19 receiving vehicle alone. At the end of the study, paws were removed and processed for histopathological assessment. Behavioural effects of apremilast, relative to rolipram, were assessed in na  ve DBA/1 @entity19 using an automated activity monitor (LABORAS). RESULTS: Apremilast dose dependently inhibited spontaneous release of @entity310 from @entity1 @entity309 . Furthermore, apremilast significantly reduced clinical score in both @entity19 models of @entity625 over a ten day treatment period and maintained a healthy joint architecture in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, unlike rolipram, apremilast demonstrated no adverse behavioural effects in na  ve @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Apremilast is an orally available @entity1980 inhibitor that reduces @entity310 production from @entity1 synovial cells and significantly suppresses experimental @entity625 . Apremilast appears to be a potential new agent for the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Apremilast, a novel @entity1980 inhibitor, inhibits spontaneous production of @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha from @entity1 rheumatoid synovial cells and ameliorates experimental @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25689 :: ('MESH:C505730', 'Chemical') :: ['apremilast']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate treatment results and @entity137 of stereotactic irradiation for @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: A group of ten consecutive @entity1 (four @entity1 and six @entity1 ) irradiated between 2002 and 2010 at our institution was included into the study. The mean age at the time of treatment was 15.4 and ranged between 8 and 18 years. There were two Spetzler-Martin grade IV, four grade III, and four @entity75 . Mean AVM volume was 13.2 cm(3) and varied from 0.6 to 36.8 cm(3). In five @entity1 , the planned dose of 16-20 Gy was delivered in single fraction, in five the total dose of 16-24 Gy was delivered in two to three fractions. One @entity1 was reirradiated with a dose of 15 Gy, 7 years after the initial treatment. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 38.5 months. The treatment resulted in @entity348 in eight @entity1 and partial in one. The median time to obliteration was 22 months; actuarial @entity348 rates were 20, 54, 54, and 83 % after 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of follow-up, respectively. No @entity1 bled after the treatment. In one @entity1 , new @entity302 developed after the treatment; in magnetic resonance imaging, focal @entity39 was revealed. In five @entity1 , asymptomatic @entity854 were seen during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiotherapy appears to be an effective method of treatment for pediatric @entity2758 , the @entity1 however require meticulous follow-up because of relative high incidence of radiation-induced @entity854 .

title: Stereotactic linac radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for pediatric XXXX of the brain: experiences of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['grade II lesions']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['imaging abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total obliteration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Cationic polymers with nucleic acid drug delivery ability are widely used in experimental and clinical studies. However, their interactions with the immune systems are rarely studied. In the present study, cationic polymers including @entity8681 , @entity7055 , cationic dextran and cationic gelatin exhibited strong stimulation on @entity1198 response which was characterized by the induction of the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and the secretion of @entity1198 related cytokines. Experiments performed on macrophages demonstrated that cationic polymers specifically stimulated the macrophage to secrete IL-12 which is one of the main @entity1198 -inducing cytokines. The result that @entity4100 inhibitor remarkably reduced the IL-12 expression induced by cationic polymers suggested that this stimulation was mainly mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. Additionally, cationic polymers could strongly inhibit @entity558 -induced @entity310 secretion in macrophages. This result implied that cationic polymers may interact with macrophages through @entity2939 which is the receptor of @entity558 . The following test of inhibiting IL-12 expression stimulated by cationic polymers using @entity2939 antibody proved that the stimulation was mainly mediated by @entity2939 . Data in the present study demonstrated that the stimulation ability of cationic polymer was related with its cationic degree and neutralizing cationic polymer with anionic polymer completely abrogated the stimulation effect. The molecular weight of the polymers also influenced their stimulation ability, larger molecular means stronger stimulation ability. In conclusion, the present study revealed that cationic polymers could promote @entity1198 responses in vivo via @entity2939 mediated IL-12 secretion and the molecular weight and cationic degree of the polymers determined the stimulation ability.

title: The promotion of type 1 T helper cell responses to cationic polymers in vivo via XXXX mediated IL-12 secretion.

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['toll-like receptor-4']


abstract: Adverse reactions to preservatives contained in food and medications have been recognized with increasing frequency. We have recently seen an @entity748 @entity1 in whom wheezing and @entity1353 increased after injection of @entity5935 . The @entity1 was a 26-year-old @entity1 who had had bronchial @entity565 since 1980. She was treated at another hospital for moderate wheezing and @entity5935 injections were given in May 1988. After this treatment her condition deteriorated acutely and she was transferred to our hospital. To confirm the possible relationship between @entity5935 ( @entity9735 ) and @entity748 attack, provocation challenge tests were conducted. Intradermal skin test revealed an immediate positive reaction to @entity4389 at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Challenge test with increasing amounts of @entity4389 showed a 52% decrease in FEV1, 50 min after inhalation of 5 mg/ml solution. In addition, another inhalation challenge was conducted by use of an Astograph. Rrs immediately increased during inhalation of 10 mg/ml solution. These results suggested that @entity9735 contained in @entity5935 preparation provoked exaggerated @entity5143 in this @entity1 .

title: [A case of XXXX exacerbated by @entity9735 contained in @entity5935 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity4389 :: ('MESH:C009279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bisulfite']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate diurnal curves of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right and @entity735 of @entity3257 @entity1 . METHODS: We measured IOP during waking hours and in habitual positions in 102 @entity3257 @entity1 every 2 hr between 09.00 hr and 23.00 hr using a Goldman applanation tonometer. Individual factors and biometries were measured and associated with diurnal IOP variations. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in IOP variation between the right and @entity735 over eight time-points (repeated measure anova, P = 0.995). The mean coefficient of IOP in the right and @entity735 at the eight time-points ranged from 0.806 to 0.887. Forty-one (40.2%), 15 (14.7%) and five (4.9%) @entity1 showed at least one asymmetrical IOP variation over seven time intervals at the cut-off value >=  2, >=  3 and > 3 mmHg, respectively. Mean incidence of asymmetrical IOP variation was 10.9    1.6% at >=  2 mmHg, 2.9    0.8% at >=  3 mmHg and 0.8    0.4% at > 3 mmHg. Age, differences in anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length showed several significant associations with the incidence of asymmetrical IOP variation. CONCLUSION: Diurnal variation of IOP showed asymmetry between right and @entity735 in @entity1 without @entity726 . Ageing and differences in local ocular factors between bilateral eyes may affect the incidence of asymmetrical IOP variation.

title: Asymmetry of diurnal intraocular pressure fluctuation between right and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['left eyes']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-glaucomatous']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['left eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated factors associated with an increased preoperative @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level for @entity694 @entity1 undergoing elective curative surgery and assessed whether this was associated with prognosis when accounting for other potential confounders. METHODS: Prospectively accrued data of @entity1 with stage I, II, and III @entity694 undergoing surgery (1980-2008) were retrieved retrospectively. @entity1 with a preoperative @entity787 level greater than 5 ng/mL (group B) were compared with those with a @entity787 level of 5 ng/mL or less (group A). RESULTS: There were 651 @entity1 (379 @entity1 ) with a median age of 67 years (range, 21-94 y) and a median follow-up period of 5.9 years. Groups A (n = 451) and B (n = 200) had similar ages and @entity5 locations. Group B had larger @entity5 ; more @entity1 with T3 and N1/N2; and more @entity1 with @entity5 , and hence greater use of chemotherapy (P = .04). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 age, @entity5 stage, and differentiation were associated with oncologic outcomes. A @entity787 level greater than 5 ng/mL was not associated independently with recurrence, recurrence-free survival (P = .47), or overall survival (P = .3). CONCLUSIONS: An increased preoperative @entity787 level is a marker for a more advanced @entity5 stage. For adequately staged @entity1 , a high preoperative @entity787 level is not associated independently with oncologic outcomes.

title: The predictive value of preoperative XXXX level in the prognosis of @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II/III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) is common in developing countries and it frequently affects younger @entity1 . @entity1 do very poorly when treated by locoregional therapy alone; therefore, pre-operative systemic therapy (PST) is commonly used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 64 Saudi @entity1 with LABC treated with PST in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: At diagnosis, most @entity1 were young (median age 41 years), and had poor clinicopathological characteristics. Following surgery, complete pathologic response (pCR) in the breast was achieved in 13 @entity1 (20%). Of 62 @entity1 with known nodal status, 22 (34%) had negative axillary nodes. Presence of @entity2931 receptor (ER) negative @entity5 was the only dependent variable that predicted pCR in the breast (p = 0.03). At a median follow-up of 42 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 48 months (95% CI, 20-76 months) and the projected five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 68%. The recently published scoring system (Jeruss et al (2008) J Clin Oncol26 2 246-52), was the only variable that independently influenced PFS, while ER negative @entity5 and presence of lymphovascular space invasion were the only factors that adversely affected @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: despite the use of standard multi-modality approach in the management of @entity1 with LABC, prognosis remains guarded.

title: Pre-operative systemic therapy in locally advanced XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The negative impact of vertebral and hip low-energy @entity174 on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) has been demonstrated previously, but few prospective long-term follow-up studies have been conducted. This study aims to (i) investigate the changes and long-term impact of vertebral or @entity173 and between @entity174 groups on HRQOL in postmenopausal @entity1 prospectively between two and seven years after the inclusion @entity174 , (ii) compare HRQOL results between @entity174 and reference groups and (iii) study the relationship between HRQOL and physical performance, @entity85 index and bone mineral density at seven-year follow-up. METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 examined two years after a low-energy vertebral or @entity173 were invited to a new examination seven years after the diagnosis. HRQOL was examined using the SF-36 questionnaire and was compared with an age and sex-matched reference group. Physical function was assessed using tests and questionnaires. Bone mineral density was measured. Radiographs of the spine were evaluated using the visual semiquantitative technique. A longitudinal and cross-sectional design was used in this study. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Student's t-tests, ANCOVA, and partial correlation. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 participated. In the 42 @entity1 (mean age 75.8, SD 4.7) with @entity174 as inclusion @entity174 , @entity158 had deteriorated between two and seven years and might be explained by new @entity174 . Remaining pronounced reduction of HRQOL was seen in all domains except general health and mental health at seven-year follow-up in @entity1 with @entity174 compared to the reference group (p < 0.05). All 25 @entity1 (mean age 75.0, SD 4.7) with @entity173 as inclusion @entity174 had no significant changes in HRQOL between two and seven years and did not differ from the reference group regarding HRQOL after seven years. The vertebral group had significantly lower values for @entity158 , vitality, role-emotional function and mental health compared to the hip group. HRQOL showed a positive relationship between physical activity, static balance and handgrip strength. CONCLUSION: The long-term reduction of HRQOL in @entity1 with @entity174 emerged clearly in this study. The relationships between HRQOL and physical performance in @entity1 with vertebral and @entity173 raise questions for more research.

title: Health-related quality of life after vertebral or XXXX : a seven-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']