abstract: PURPOSE: The primary aim was to provide experience with a functional evaluation instrument (modified Barthel index MBI) that assures the quality of work and identify its deficiencies, familiarize our staff with the feasibility of its application on our local inpatients and educate our personnel in the field of @entity64 rehabilitation. The secondary aim was to collect data that are measurable and reproducible, identify specific local factors that adversely affect outcomes and serve as a feedback system to our national organizations. METHODS: In this prospective/retrospective study we evaluated 80 @entity2795 @entity1 with @entity64 , admitted to hospital during the year 1989 1990. They were assessed by a neurologist, physiatrist and physiotherapist on admission and discharge using the MBI. All @entity1 received comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation. The study was interrupted at the beginning of the Gulf crisis. However, the data were revived and retrospectively studied in the year 1994-1995. RESULTS: The MBI proved to be fully acceptable and easily applicable in our community. The rehabilitation staff became rapidly familiarized with its application and the reproduction of its data. The goals of rehabilitation were achieved through the reduction in the number of individuals in the more severe MBI scores and the increase in the number of individuals in the less severe ones. Significant improvements occurred in dressing of the upper and lower body, washing, grooming, care of perineum, transfer chair, toilet and walking on a level of 50 yards (p < or = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that MBI is simple, convenient, efficient, gives exact and accurate information about daily activities and ambulation and could be used in inpatient follow up sittings, in the Arab and culturally similar Middle East countries.

title: XXXX rehabilitation: application and analysis of the modified Barthel index in an Arab community.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'completed stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform early serial EEGs in @entity1 with @entity519 ischaemic @entity75 (HIE) and compare the findings with neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: Nine full-term neonates with HIE had simultaneous video-EEG polygraphic studies within 8 h of birth. The EEG was repeated at 12-24 h intervals. All surviving @entity1 had a neurodevelopmental assessment at 1 year. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had a normal or mildly abnormal EEG within 8 h of birth and neurodevelopmental outcome was normal. Seven @entity1 had severely @entity308 background activity in the first 8 h of life. In 3 @entity1 the EEG activity recovered within 12-24 h showing continuous activity with no or only minor abnormalities. All these @entity1 had a normal outcome. The remaining 4 @entity1 , who also had an initially inactive recording, subsequently developed severe background abnormalities. At follow-up, two @entity1 had died and the remainder developed major @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Early EEG is an excellent prognostic indicator for a favourable outcome if normal within the first 8 h of life and for a poor outcome if the background activity continues to be inactive or grossly abnormal beyond 8-12 h of life. However, an inactive or very @entity308 EEG within the first 8 h of life can be associated with good outcome if the EEG activity recovers within 12 h.

title: Early serial EEG in @entity519 ischaemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of using an historical maximum spontaneous regression rate (reportedly 0-1.1% in those with lung @entity3 after nephrectomy) in clinical trials of treatments for @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), as the eligibility criteria for most studies will select @entity1 with better performance status (and thus excluding those who are unlikely to respond) and more modern staging methods would potentially reduce the number of false-positives. @entity1 AND METHODS: A multicentre randomized,placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was recently completed in which 197 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 from 17 study centres across Canada were randomized to receive placebo or recombinant interferon gamma-1b (60 microg/m2) subcutaneously once every 7 days until disease progression. All @entity5 responses were validated by an independent response committee unaware of the treatment. RESULTS: The median (95% confidence interval) overall response rate (complete, CR, and partial, PR) for those on @entity379 was 4 (1.4-11.5)% and for those on placebo was 6 (2. 5-13.2)% (P = 0.75). In the six @entity1 who were receiving placebo the CR and PR (three each) was considered to represent spontaneous remission. Of these six @entity1 (aged 44-64 years) five had undergone nephrectomy, one a @entity5 embolization, four had @entity1358 and one an @entity420 , and all had regression of lung and/or lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The lack of efficacy of @entity379 in this trial underlines the importance of continued research to identify alternative therapeutic agents or combinations of agents in phase II studies. However, the threshold response rate for initiating phase III trials should be increased to 18% in the phase II trials, i.e. three times the response rate on placebo.

title: Placebo-associated remissions in a multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of interferon gamma-1b for the treatment of XXXX . The Canadian Urologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma', 'RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in predicting the progression of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). BACKGROUND: It has been shown that @entity3876 predicts the prognosis and can guide the treatment of @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 50 consecutive @entity1 (61+/-10 years, 23 male) with @entity712 (8 with @entity296 ), NYHA class III, @entity714 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) </=35% (mean 24+/-6%) who underwent CRT. All @entity1 were taking conventional @entity712 therapy and were clinically stable. Plasma @entity3876 levels were evaluated by two-site dual-monoclonal immunochemiluminescent assay before, and 1 month after CRT. The predictive value of @entity3876 was assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: During follow-up (mean 19+/-12 months), @entity712 progression was observed in 14 @entity1 (11 were hospitalised and 3 died after worsening of @entity712 ). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3876 levels before (HR: 2.07; CI: 1.19-3.62; p=0.01) and 1 month after CRT (HR: 2.23; CI: 1.26-3.94; p=0.006) were significantly related to events. At 1 month, a @entity3876 level >91.5 pg/ml had 89% sensitivity, 59% specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 96% and 33%, respectively, for @entity712 progression after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity712 @entity1 with high @entity3876 values after 1 month of CRT have worse prognosis during follow-up. Therefore, in these @entity1 other therapeutic options should be considered.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in the management of @entity1 receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['brain natriuretic peptide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between ploidy and operability and prognosis in @entity788 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Ullevaal Hospital and the National Hospital of Norway, Oslo. SUBJECTS: 148 @entity1 with histologically verified @entity788 diagnosed between 1980 and 1988. INTERVENTIONS: 29 @entity1 had radical resections (18 Whipple procedures and 11 total pancreatectomies). Archival tissue was investigated in the blocks from these @entity5 , and from five @entity1 who had only a biopsy taken, by DNA flow cytometry. RESULTS: 26/29 @entity5 excised radically had diploid DNA stemlines. Two of the three aneuploid stemlines were @entity981 , and the third was almost triploid. Among the five inoperable @entity5 , two were aneuploid and three diploid. The @entity1 who underwent radical operations lived a median of 11.5 months (range 0-82), compared with a median of 4 months (range 0-58) for those whose @entity5 were inoperable. Six of the 29 @entity1 were still alive without signs of recurrent disease 51.5 months (range 41-82) after operation. All but one of these @entity5 had diploid DNA stemlines, and synthesis (S) phase fractions below the median value for the whole group. CONCLUSION: DNA ploidy and S phase fraction are prognostic factors in @entity788 .

title: Ploidy and survival in resectable XXXX . A retrospective study over 9 years.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancers']


abstract: Thoracoscopy was performed under local anesthesia in 419 @entity1 suffering from a @entity358 . In 85% of the cases diagnosis was clarified by thoracoscopy. All other cases were confirmed by means of an open lung biopsy. The best results were obtained in @entity370 of the stages II and III, the sensitivity being 0.98. Tumour-conditioned @entity358 were clarified in 88% of the cases; proof of an @entity3794 or @entity401 was established in 85% of the @entity1 . Results regarding histiocytosis X were poor: thoracoscopic-bioptic proof was successful in only 42% of the @entity1 . In 419 examinations we only detected a severe complication ( @entity3728 ). Drainage times were on the average between 4 and 5 days. On the whole, the method was characterised in the field of diagnosis of @entity358 by a high degree of sensitivity and satisfactory specificity. Both in respect of the invasiveness of the examination and its sensitivity it occupies an intermediate position between peripheral bronchoscopically obtained biopsy and surgical open lung biopsy, representing a valuable extension of the diagnostic instrumentarium if the indication is carefully considered.

title: [Thoracoscopy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['air embolism']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lung disease', 'diffuse lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['diffuse lung diseases']


abstract: By means of the official meat inspection of @entity12526 , exceptionally high proportions of livers affected by encapsulated nodules containing whitish to light yellow, viscous to pasty material ("microabscesses") were detected. The @entity1707 had been raised on four different farms, being located in distinct regions of Germany (Brandenburg, Thuringia, Upper Franconia). Macroscopical and histological examination of 77 samples of livers revealed @entity99 with attendance of numerous eosinophils. In 61 % (n = 47) of the lesions, eosinophilic, band-like acellular structures resembling the laminated layer of @entity2328 sp. were visible. Moreover, representative samples (n = 11) showed a positive reaction of these structures with Periodic acid-Schiff. Altogether, the findings were consistent with @entity4281 . @entity2328 DNA could be demonstrated in selected samples (n = 7) by polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiological considerations suggest contamination of the forage with fox tapeworm eggs to be the most likely source of @entity281 on two of the farms, as some of the fodder had been stored in the open, being amenable to infected definitive hosts. On the two other farms, mainly straw litter has to be taken into account regarding the transmission route, since carnivores excreting eggs of @entity2328 could have gained access to the straw storage. The presented cases show that adequate mechanisms of meat inspection may provide important data for the purposes of surveillance and risk assessment of @entity1 @entity4281 .

title: Diagnostics and epidemiology of @entity4281 in slaughtered XXXX from large-scale husbandries in Germany.

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus', 'E. multilocularis', 'Echinococcus multilocularis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous to necrotizing hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: A number of urine based markers have been and are being investigated for the diagnosis and prognostication of urological conditions. A majority of these markers have been evaluated in @entity3484 , particularly @entity150 . The diagnosis of @entity150 currently relies on identifying malignant cells in the urine and subsequently visualizing the @entity5 on cystoscopy. This diagnosis is further confirmed by transurethral resection or biopsy. While urine cytology is specific, it is not sensitive, especially for detecting low grade disease. This characteristic has prompted the search for more accurate markers of @entity150 . In this review we critically examine the results of studies evaluating various markers for @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The published literature on urine based markers for all @entity5450 , particularly @entity150 , was identified using a MEDLINE search and critically analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the various markers were compared. The benefit of using combined markers rather than a single marker was also analyzed from published reports. RESULTS: Most published literature on urine based markers for @entity5 involve such markers for diagnosing and prognosticating @entity150 . Hence, we focused mainly on urine based markers in @entity150 . Most markers appear to have an advantage over urine cytology in terms of sensitivity, especially for detecting low grade, superficial @entity5 . However, most markers tend to be less specific than cytology, yielding more false-positive results. This scenario is more common in @entity1 with concurrent @entity1494 or other benign bladder conditions. However, there is reason to be optimistic about several new markers that appear to provide better specificity. Few urine based markers have been identified and investigated in other @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Detecting @entity150 using diagnostic markers still presents a challenge. A number of new markers are currently available that appear to be significantly more accurate than cytology. However, further studies involving a larger number of @entity1 are required to determine their accuracy and widespread applicability for diagnosing @entity150 . Urine based markers do not appear to have a significant role in the diagnosis or prognosis of other @entity5 , such as prostate, kidney or @entity5 .

title: Urine based markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urological neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'urological tumors', 'testicular cancer', 'urological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological diseases']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urological malignancy']


abstract: @entity12554 is a common @entity74 . To ascertain carrier status, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation tests are often used. To determine the sensitivity of ACTH stimulation to detect heterozygotes and to correlate stimulated @entity4418 responses with molecular genotype, we compared molecular genetic analysis of the 21-hydroxylase ( @entity4414 ) gene with @entity4418 responses at 30 min in 51 individuals. Molecular genotype analysis and ACTH stimulation tests were performed in healthy volunteers (n = 20) and relatives of @entity1 with @entity774 (n = 31). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (ASOH) analysis, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were utilized to screen for 14 @entity4414 mutations which account for >90% of the mutations associated with @entity12554 . Molecular genotype analysis classified 28 individuals as heterozygotic carriers and 23 individuals as normal for all mutations tested. As a group, the heterozygotes had significantly greater stimulated @entity4418 responses at 10 and 30 min (P < 0.0005). However, on an individual basis, 14/28 (50%) genotyped heterozygotic carriers had stimulated @entity4418 concentrations, @entity4418 / @entity701 ratios, and @entity4418 incremental elevations indistinguishable from the genotyped normal individuals. Thus, a normal @entity4418 response to ACTH stimulation testing does not exclude carrier status for @entity12554 . Molecular genotype analysis is a more reliable method to determine 21-hydroxylase heterozygotes.

title: Identification of heterozygotic carriers of XXXX : sensitivity of ACTH stimulation tests.

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity368 -rich repeats (LRRs) are highly versatile and evolvable protein-ligand interaction motifs found in a large number of proteins with diverse functions, including innate immunity and nervous system development. Here we catalogue all of the extracellular LRR (eLRR) proteins in worms, flies, @entity19 and @entity1 . We use convergent evidence from several transmembrane-prediction and motif-detection programs, including a customised algorithm, LRRscan, to identify eLRR proteins, and a hierarchical clustering method based on TribeMCL to establish their evolutionary relationships. RESULTS: This yields a total of 369 proteins (29 in worm, 66 in @entity238 , 135 in @entity19 and 139 in @entity1 ), many of them of unknown function. We group eLRR proteins into several classes: those with only LRRs, those that cluster with Toll-like receptors (Tlrs), those with immunoglobulin or fibronectin-type 3 (FN3) domains and those with some other domain. These groups show differential patterns of expansion and diversification across species. Our analyses reveal several clusters of novel genes, including two Elfn genes, encoding transmembrane proteins with eLRRs and an FN3 domain, and six genes encoding transmembrane proteins with eLRRs only (the Elron cluster). Many of these are expressed in discrete patterns in the developing @entity19 brain, notably in the thalamus and cortex. We have also identified a number of novel @entity238 eLRR proteins with discrete expression in the @entity3002 . CONCLUSION: This study provides the necessary foundation for a systematic analysis of the functions of this class of genes, which are likely to include prominently innate immunity, @entity32 and neural development, especially the specification of neuronal connectivity.

title: The extracellular XXXX -rich repeat superfamily; a comparative survey and analysis of evolutionary relationships and expression patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucine']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic nervous system']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: AIMS: Spontaneous apoptosis and expression of the apoptotic regulatory proteins @entity589 , @entity1836 , and @entity588 were investigated in 50 @entity14 . The @entity876 genotypes/phenotypes and @entity589 genotypes were also determined, and possible associations of these with apoptosis and/or with expression of the different apoptotic regulatory proteins were studied. METHODS: @entity10730 ( @entity10730 ) mediated @entity1977 labelling of DNA fragments was used to detect apoptotic @entity5 cells in sections and peroxidase immunohistochemistry was used to assess protein expression. @entity876 genotype/phenotype was determined using constant denaturant gel electrophoresis/immunoblotting and @entity589 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction based methods. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity5 apoptotic indices was bimodal with a natural cut off at 1.0% (range, 0.0-5.4%); the median fraction of apoptotic @entity5 cells was 0.8%. @entity5 apoptosis was not associated significantly with @entity5 DNA ploidy status. Normal mucosal tissue had less than 0.1% apoptotic cells. Staining intensities for @entity589 , @entity1836 , and @entity588 were strong; that is, equivalent to or greater than positive normal mucosal cells, in 11 of 50, 20 of 49, and 20 of 48 @entity189 . Frameshift mutations in the @entity589 gene were detected in three of 42 @entity5 analysed, all of which were DNA diploid, and @entity589 protein expression in these @entity5 was absent or very low. @entity589 , @entity1836 , and @entity588 protein expression were not correlated with @entity5 apoptosis or @entity5 DNA ploidy status. @entity876 was expressed in 34 of 50 @entity5 and @entity876 gene mutations were detected in 22 of 29 @entity876 positive @entity5 analysed. Apoptosis was significantly lower in a greater number of @entity876 positive @entity5 than @entity876 negative @entity5 . In addition, @entity588 protein expression was significantly higher in a greater number of @entity876 positive @entity5 compared with @entity876 negative @entity5 . @entity589 and @entity1836 protein expression were not significantly associated with @entity876 phenotype/genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that acquisition of a @entity876 phenotype is associated with lower spontaneous apoptosis and higher expression of @entity588 . The results also suggest that @entity876 is not a major determinant for @entity589 expression in @entity14 in vivo.

title: Apoptosis and expression of @entity589 , @entity1836 , and XXXX apoptotic regulatory proteins in @entity14 , and association with @entity876 genotype/phenotype.

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine management patterns among clinicians who treat @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) in Europe. DESIGN AND METHODS: Questionnaire survey including a case scenario of members of professional organisations representing endocrinologists, ophthalmologists and nuclear medicine physicians. RESULTS: A multidisciplinary approach to manage @entity2743 was valued by 96.3% of responders, although 31.5% did not participate or refer to a multidisciplinary team and 21.5% of @entity1 with @entity2743 treated by responders were not managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Access to surgery for sight-threatening @entity2743 was available only within weeks or months according to 59.5% of responders. Reluctance to refer urgently to an ophthalmologist was noted by 32.7% of responders despite the presence of suspected @entity1781 . The use of @entity230 was not influenced by the age of the @entity1 , but fewer responders chose to use @entity230 in a @entity6 @entity1 (72.1 vs 90.5%, P<0.001). Development of cushingoid features resulted in a reduction in @entity134 use (90.5 vs 36.5%, P<0.001) and increase in the use of orbital irradiation (from 23.8% to 40.4%, P<0.05) and surgical decompression (from 20.9 to 52.9%, P<0.001). More ophthalmologists chose surgical decompression for @entity1 with threatened vision due to @entity1781 , who were intolerant to @entity230 than other specialists (70.3 vs 41.8%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Deficiencies in the management of @entity1 with @entity2743 in Europe were identified by this survey. Further training of clinicians, easier access of @entity1 to specialist multidisciplinary centres and the publication of practice guidelines may help improve the management of this condition in Europe.

title: A questionnaire survey on the management of XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', "Graves' orbitopathy"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' orbitopathy']


abstract: Platelet activation at sites of enmeshed sickled red cells in the microcirculation may contribute to platelet plug formation and @entity3458 . To test this hypothesis platelets from 116 @entity3458 @entity1 free of crisis, 32 @entity1 with crisis, 16 convalescents within 1 week of crisis, and 180 normal controls were studied. Platelets store 90% of their @entity857 in dense secretory granules. During activation @entity857 is secreted and permanently lost from the cell. This leads to a decrease in cellular @entity857 concentration and a sharp rise in the @entity855 / @entity857 ratio. @entity855 and @entity857 were @entity1068 -extracted from platelet-rich plasma, measured in the luciferase-luciferin assay and expressed in nmoles per 10(8) cells. No adenine @entity377 differences were found in platelets from @entity1 free of crisis compared with normal controls. The @entity857 concentration of platelets from @entity1 in crisis was significantly lowered, indicating that in vivo platelet secretion of @entity857 had occurred. Total and released @entity857 was decreased from 2.69 to 1.66, and from 1.90 to 1.21 respectively, and the total @entity855 / @entity857 ratio was increased from 1.85 to 2.84 (P less than 0.001). @entity857 stores in platelets from convalescents were significantly different from sickle controls (P less than 0.001) but were less abnormal than @entity857 stores in platelets from crisis @entity1 (P less than 0.01), indicating recovery. Total and released @entity857 was decreased to 1.97 and 1.31 respectively, and the @entity855 / @entity857 ratio was increased to 2.38. Platelets from @entity1 in crisis were able to release their remaining granular @entity857 in response to thrombin as effectively as normal platelets. Thus significant platelet activation with @entity857 release occurs during acute @entity158 crisis. This might contribute to platelet plug formation and @entity3885 .

title: Platelet activation during @entity158 crisis in @entity3458 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'microinfarction in sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sickle pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-double positivity for @entity5157 (HB) and yellow jacket (YJ) venom causes diagnostic difficulties concerning therapeutical strategies. The aim of this study was to clarify the cause and relation of the cross-reactivity in @entity1 with insect venom @entity566 . METHODS: For this purpose, 147 @entity1 with suspected stinging insect @entity566 and CAP-FEIA-double positivity were investigated for specific sIgE to additional cross-reactive @entity1735 determinant (CCD)-containing allergens: timothy grass pollen, rape pollen, natural rubber latex (NRL), bromelain, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Sera with sIgE to NRL were further investigated with the commercially available recombinant latex allergens. Reciprocal inhibition assays with both venoms and HRP were performed. RESULTS: About 36 of 147 (24.5%) @entity1 had sIgE to both venoms only. However, 111 of 147 (75.5%) additionally reacted to CCD-carrying allergens. 89 of 111 CCD-reactive sera had NRL-sIgE. In cases where inhibition experiments were performed, the NRL-sIgE binding was completely abolished in the presence of HRP. Only nine of 61 sera were positive for at least one recombinant latex allergen; all of them were negative in history and NRL-skin prick test. In 43 sera containing sIgE to CCD, HRP inhibition revealed unequivocal results: In 28 of 43 (65%) an HRP-inhibition >70% of sIgE to one venom occurred, pointing out the relevant venom. In three of 43 sIgE proved to be entirely CCD-specific. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that in cases of IgE positivity to both insect venoms supplementary screening tests with at least one CCD-containing allergen should be performed; HRP being a suitable tool for this test. In addition, subsequent reciprocal inhibition is an essential diagnostic method to specify cross-reacting sIgE results.

title: In vitro hymenoptera venom @entity566 diagnosis: improved by screening for cross-reactive XXXX determinants and reciprocal inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: RNA molecules are the functional targets for @entity581 . In order to approach an understanding of the rules which underlie @entity4028 -RNA recognition, high-affinity RNA aptamers have been prepared which discriminate among various @entity581 [Wang et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 12338-12346]. One of these aptamers, J6, which is 109 nts in length, binds the @entity4028 @entity2890 stoichiometrically with a dissociation constant of 0.77 +/- 0.03 nM. @entity581 , similar in structure to @entity2890 , bind with affinities diminished by 10(3)-10(4) compared to @entity2890 . Experiments are reported here which are designed to reveal the nature of the @entity2890 binding domain of J6. A small (40 nts) stem-loop derivative of J6, containing a 3 nt and a 1 nt bulge, stoichiometrically binds @entity2890 with a dissociation constant of approximately 5 nM. This construct can strongly discriminate between similar @entity581 with respect to binding. Elimination of either the three or the single @entity377 bulge eliminates specific @entity4028 binding. The structure of the loop region is also critical. These studies demonstrate that simplified RNA molecules can be generated which bind @entity581 specifically and with high affinities.

title: Minimal RNA constructs that specifically bind XXXX antibiotics with high affinities.

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides', 'Aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a new mesh for @entity322 ( @entity29898 /TOA) which enables the degree of @entity2701 applied during surgery to be readjusted at the post-operative stage. @entity1 AND METHOD: 62 @entity1 treated with the @entity29898 mesh and monitored over a 14-month period (SD 7.8, range 6-38). In 33 @entity1 (53%) some other pelvic prolapse was corrected. Evaluation was carried out by clinical report, examination of bladder full of 250 saline solution, flowmetry and urinary residue. 40 @entity1 filled in 4 quality of life questionnaires (QoL; ICIQ-SF; @entity7597 -S; @entity7597 -I). RESULTS: 42 @entity1 were found to be objectively continent in the post-operative evaluation. Of these, it was necessary to reduce @entity2701 in 7 cases (11%) due to @entity1876 (flow < 10 ml/sec and/or residue). The @entity2701 of the mesh was tightened in 20 @entity1 (32%) due to continue with a certain degree of @entity322 . All @entity1 were discharged as continent and with no residue. In the last revision, 58 @entity1 (93%) proved to be objectively continent and 4 (6.5%) showed a notable improvement in their @entity322 . The Q(MAX) is 19.8 ml/sec (SD 9.8). The mictional urgency had disappeared or improved in 32 of the @entity1 who had this prior to operation (76%) and had appeared in 3 of the @entity1 who didn't (15%). The clinical report showed a high level of consensus with the ICIQ-SF survey (Kappa = 0.89) regarding stress @entity322 , diminishing clearly (Kappa= 0.13) when urge @entity322 was taken into account. 34 (85%) @entity1 scored over 95 out of 110 in the QoL. 30 (75%) scored less than 6 in ICIQ-SF. 32 (80%) showed a perception of normality and 4 (10%) slight illness in the @entity7597 -S. In the @entity7597 -I 29 (72.5%) were much better and 11 (27.5%) quite a lot better. A relation exists between urgency and dismissed quality of life. CONCLUSION: With the @entity29898 (trans-vaginal adjustable) mesh it is possible to adjust the @entity2701 originally applied during surgery at the post-operative stage, so that any defects or excesses can be corrected.

title: [ XXXX and TOA. New adjustable mesh for the treatment of female stress @entity322 . Preliminaries results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

answer: @entity29898 :: (CHEBI:28727,Chemical) :: ['TVA']


abstract: The auditory @entity2451 in @entity1 may consist of overlapping potentials. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated the conditions of stimulus discrimination and motor response difficulty and evaluated the data by factor analysis. Twenty right-handed males (mean age 27 years) performed the following 4 tasks: (1) a counting task, (2) an easy Go, No-Go task, (3) a difficult Go, No-Go task, and (4) a choice reaction task. Middle latency auditory evoked potentials were obtained with 100 times summation triggered by the onset of the auditory stimulus. Four factors were extracted by factor analysis for a 0-100 ms time period. Factor 1, the maximum factor loading at 91 ms, corresponded to N1, and factor 4, the maximum factor loading at 23 ms, appeared to correspond to @entity9510 . The latency of the maximum factor loading in @entity8876 was adjacent to that in factor 3, the latency of @entity8876 being 12 ms earlier than that of factor 3. @entity8876 and factor 3 latencies were approximately 55 ms which corresponded to the @entity2451 . Factor 3 started rising at the point that @entity8876 reached the maximum factor loading, and the factor score demonstrated a significant group difference only when analyzed by motor response criteria. These results suggest that the @entity2451 in @entity1 consists of overlapping potentials and that a part of the potential might relate to a motor response process.

title: Possible overlapping potentials of the auditory @entity2451 in XXXX : factor analysis of middle latency auditory evoked potentials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of esophageal and gastroduodenal stent @entity4222 and the fate of such stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors studied five types of covered metal stents. Type A stents were nonretrievable @entity2636 -covered stents with shouldered ends (n = 169), type B stents were retrievable @entity2636 -covered stents with shouldered ends (n = 62), type C stents were retrievable @entity2636 -covered stents with flared ends (n = 72), type D stents were retrievable @entity736 -covered stents with shouldered ends (n = 369), and type E stents were separated stents (n = 216). Types A-D stents were esophageal stents, and the type E stent was a gastroduodenal stent. Stents were placed in 888 @entity1 with either benign (n = 43) or malignant (n = 845) causes of stricture. The rate of stent @entity4222 was analyzed relative to completeness of @entity4222 , the cause of obstruction, stent type, and stent placement location. The fate of migrated stents and the treatment of @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: Stent @entity4222 occurred in 70 of the 888 @entity1 (7.9%). Migration occurred in 11 of the 43 @entity1 (25%) with benign cause of strictures and 591 of the 845 @entity1 (7.0%) with malignant cause. The @entity4222 rates for types A, B, C, D, and E stents were 10%, 4.8%, 24%, 7.3% and 2.8%, respectively. Of the 70 migrated stents, 45 had complete @entity4222 and 25 had partial @entity4222 . The anastomotic sites were the areas most commonly associated with @entity4222 (16%), but this was not statistically significant. Forty of the 70 migrated stents were removed with retrieval devices under fluoroscopic guidance because they were not passed with stool and possibility of complications related to migrated stents. The remaining 30 stents exited via the rectum (n = 15), remained in the body without complications (n = 12), or were surgically removed because they caused complicated @entity1321 (n = 3). CONCLUSION: The overall @entity4222 rate for esophageal and gastroduodenal stents was 7.9%. Most migrated stents were removed nonsurgically, exited the body spontaneously, or remained in the body in an uncomplicated state. Surgical stent removal was necessary in three @entity1 (4.3%) due to complicated @entity1321 .

title: Fate of migrated esophageal and gastroduodenal stents: experience in 70 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical significance and management of @entity10479 / @entity2784 . METHODS: 254 @entity1 who were examined with cervical cytology in the @entity5 Institute and Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were @entity10479 / @entity2784 , of whom 136 cases underwent colposcopy, Data were analyzed retrospectively according to the golden criterion of pathology outcome. RESULTS: 140 cases were @entity10479 , and 114 cases were @entity2784 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were diagnosed in 51.5% of @entity1 with @entity10479 , compared with 59.6% of @entity1 with @entity2784 (P>0.05). High-grade cervical @entity5436 were diagnosed in 22.9% of @entity1 with @entity10479 , compared with 30.7% of @entity1 with @entity2784 (P >0.05). In the 136 @entity1 examined with colposcopy, @entity32 was found in 47 cases, low-grade intraepithelial lesion in 53 cases, High-grade intraepithelial lesion in 36 cases. The pathological results show @entity32 in 55 cases, low-grade intraepithelial lesion in 41 cases, High-grade intraepithelial lesion in 40 cases (Kappa=0.314, U=0.064, P less than 0.05). @entity5 were diagnosed in 79% (67/84) of HPV-positive @entity1 identified by pathology, compared with 43.5% (74/170) of HPV-negative @entity1 (chi2=29.88 P less than 0.05). 83.5% of 254 @entity1 were between 35 to 55 years old, and that was consistent with HPV-positive @entity1 age peak. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity10479 should be paid the same attention with @entity2784 @entity1 and colposcopy examination should be done immediately to avoid missed diagnosis and missed follow-up examination, especially for HPV positive @entity1 between 35 to 55 years old.

title: [The clinical significance and management of cervico-cytologically diagnosed XXXX / @entity2784 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CIN', 'Cancer', 'Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['ASCUS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Meningeal @entity2698 are @entity146 that have a high rate of recurrence despite gross total resection and radiation therapy. Topoisomerase, a cell proliferation marker, is also a target of certain chemotherapeutic agents, and its nuclear levels are speculated to predict efficacy of targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to correlate the topoisomerase IIalpha proliferation index (TPI) with biologic behavior in intracranial @entity2698 . METHODS: Clinical, radiological, and management data in 27 @entity1 with @entity932 admitted between 1990 and 2003 were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all the @entity5 using a monoclonal antibody to topoisomerase IIalpha, and the proliferation index was calculated. The effect of TPI on outcome was sought. RESULTS: The male/female ratio was 15:12. The mean age at presentation was 31.33 years. A radical excision of @entity5 was done in 18, subtotal excision in 2, partial excision in 4, and a biopsy in 3 @entity1 . @entity5 recurrence was noted in 15 (55.6%) of the 27 @entity1 (mean follow-up duration, 51.5 months). The time to recurrence ranged from 7 months to 8 years (mean, 49 months). The 5-year recurrence-free survival was 33.8% in @entity1 with a TPI of 5% or greater, and 72% in @entity1 with a TPI of less than 5%. The relative risk of recurrence was 2.9 times greater in @entity1 with a TPI 5% or greater as compared with those a TPI of less than 5%. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that cases with a radical excision, radiation therapy, or a TPI index of less than 5% have a longer recurrence-free survival. A TPI of 5% or greater is a reliable predictor of recurrence.

title: Intracranial XXXX : correlation of topoisomerase IIalpha expression with biologic behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytomas']


abstract: Aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography and computed tomography with @entity25249 (Cho-PET/CT) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for diagnostic work-up of @entity263 . @entity1 , METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 42 @entity1 with @entity263 (n = 17), or increasing levels of @entity1486 (PSA) after curative therapy (n = 25) who had been investigated by both Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI. MRI, CT, and PET images were separately analyzed by experienced radiologists or nuclear medicine experts, followed by consensus reading. Validation was established by histology, follow-up, or consensus reading. RESULTS: 88/103 detected lesions were considered as malignant: 44 bone @entity3 , 22 @entity5 , 15 lymph node @entity3 , 3 lung, and 3 brain @entity3 . One further lesion was located in the adrenal gland, which was a second @entity5 . Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Cho-PET/CT were 96.6%, 76.5%, and 93.3%, resp., and for WB-MRI 78.4%, 94.1%, and 81.0%, resp. 3 vertebral @entity3 had initially been missed by Cho-PET/CT and were found retrospectively. MRI identified 2 bone @entity3 and 1 lymph node @entity3 after being informed about the results of Cho-PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS: Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI both presented high accuracy in the detection of bone and lymph node @entity3 . The strength of MRI is excellent image quality providing detailed anatomical information whereas the advantage of Cho-PET/CT is high image contrast of pathological foci.

title: Comparison of @entity25249 -PET/CT and whole body-MRI for staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'untreated prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Due to the increasing number of @entity3604 of hip, spine, and wrist there is a growing need for methods to track down the subjects with inferior bone structure and to monitor the effects of therapeutic measures. This study aims at a noninvasive diagnostic tool, deriving architectural properties of trabecular bone from in vivo measurements on plane radiographic films. Pelvic radiographs of the nonfractured hips of 81 @entity1 with @entity173 and of the right hips of 74 controls were studied. The regions of interest, 2 x 2 cm2, located in the femoral neck, were sampled and digitized with a video camera connected to an image analysis system. Several geometrical and directional measurements were made. The measurements were evaluated by statistical comparison with @entity174 risk, gender, and Singh index. By discriminant analysis, type of @entity174 , as well as gender and Singh index could be predicted correctly for 58% of the subjects, whereas guessing would be correct in only 8%. It was found that the geometrical parameters discriminate between hips of controls and @entity1 . With respect to the directional measurements associations were found with gender and Singh index. Although the new parameters assess @entity174 risk less accurately than bone density measurements, some parameters suggest by their behavior that they are relevant with respect to femoral bone architecture and its mechanical behavior. Although interpretation of the measurements in histological concepts requires methods that have been reported in literature only recently, it is concluded that digital analysis of the radiographic trabecular pattern is an interesting option to increase the diagnostic yield of plane film radiographs and to study the structure of bone in vivo.

title: The radiographic trabecular pattern of hips in @entity1 with XXXX and in elderly control subjects.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: AIM: This phase I/II study of @entity8096 in combination with @entity136 in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 was conducted by the NCIC Clinical Trials Group. The aims were to define the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of @entity8096 when combined with @entity136 , and assess the efficacy of this combination in advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility criteria included locally advanced or metastatic @entity788 and no prior chemotherapy. In phase I @entity8096 was escalated in combination with @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2)) to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The study was then expanded to a single arm phase II trial using a Simon 2-stage design. The primary endpoint was objective @entity5 response (OR) plus stable disease >=  4 months (SD4) rate; if >=  8 @entity1 had OR+SD4, the study would proceed to stage 2. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled into the phase I portion of this study. @entity8096 175 mg PO daily was chosen as the RP2D in combination with @entity136 . Twenty-one additional @entity1 were then enrolled at the RP2D (phase II). Of the 22 response evaluable @entity1 treated at the RP2D, 9 @entity1 (40.9%) had progressive disease, 6 @entity1 (27.3%) had stable disease for less than 4 months, 5 @entity1 (22.7%) had SD4, and 2 @entity1 (9.1%) had a partial response to treatment. Objective criteria for continuing to stage 2 were thus not met and the trial was closed following the accrual of 34 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity8096 175 mg daily in combination with @entity136 is well tolerated but the combination did not improve efficacy over what would be expected from @entity136 alone.

title: A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor @entity8096 ( @entity8096 ) in combination with XXXX in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8096 :: ('MESH:C515233', 'Chemical') :: ['Saracatinib', 'saracatinib']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: In this emergency case of a @entity174 , immediate short-term treatment was necessary to relieve @entity158 and replace a missing coronal portion of the maxillary central incisor. The need to remove additional fractured root fragments subgingivally precluded accessibility to the remaining root for conventional restorative procedures. The @entity1 could not decide which course of treatment to accept, so a fixed partial denture was fabricated, with the ceramometal crown restoration as a provisional pontic splinted to the adjacent teeth. Restoring and reinforcing the posterior composite splint with a gas plasma-treated woven @entity691 ribbon has been detailed and illustrated. This ribbon material reputed to be 10 times stronger than steel by volume, is a true reinforcing material because it is woven. Mechanically, it becomes an integral part of the splint. Because it is gas plasma-treated, the superficial layer, when placed in @entity7640 or @entity4625 , reacts chemically with the resin. The pliable, memory-free fiber--together with the open, woven, lacelike, lock stitch leno--allows the ribbon to follow the contours of the teeth and dental arch easily. The ribbon design reduces and dissipates forces exerted onto the splinting resin. The neutral color of the material permits it to have a chameleonlike effect on the color of the resin into which it is positioned. This ribbon product has been used in other dental applications: periodontal splinting, orthodontic retention, indirect composite fixed partial dentures, long-term temporary restorations with applicability in implant treatments, repair and conversion of prostheses, and reinforcing endodontically treated teeth, and complete dentures and orthodontic retainers when weaknesses are anticipated, such as shallow palatal vaults of complete dentures against a full complement of mandibular natural teeth, and the horseshoe mandibular removable modified @entity1268 .

title: Emergency direct fabrication of a resin fixed partial denture by using a ceramometal crown with reinforcing woven XXXX ribbon as a pontic.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured tooth']

entities_list: @entity1268 :: ('MESH:D018457', 'Disease') :: ['Hawley retainer']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: AIMS: Our goal was to develop historical criteria for the diagnosis of @entity907 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We administered a 118-item historical questionnaire to 418 @entity1 with @entity1163 and no apparent structural @entity299 . The prevalence of each item was compared between @entity1 with positive tilt tests and those with @entity1163 of other, known causes. The contributions of symptoms to diagnoses were estimated with logistic regression, point scores were developed, and the scores were tested using receiver operator characteristic analysis. The accuracy of the decision rule was assessed with bootstrapping. Data sets were complete for all subjects. The causes of @entity1163 were known in 323 @entity1 and included tilt-positive @entity907 (235 @entity1 ) and other diagnoses such as @entity616 and @entity4710 (88 @entity1 ). The point score correctly classified 90% of @entity1 , diagnosing @entity907 with 89% sensitivity and 91% specificity. The decision rule suggested that 68% of an additional 95 @entity1 with @entity1163 of unknown cause and a negative tilt test have @entity907 . CONCLUSION: A simple point score of historical features distinguishes @entity907 from @entity1163 of other causes with very high sensitivity and specificity.

title: Diagnostic criteria for XXXX based on a quantitative history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['complete heart block']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: PURPOSE: In first-line metastatic @entity0 , both @entity1311 (P)- @entity632 (A) and @entity1205 (D)- @entity632 (A) combinations have shown superiority over treatments without @entity3907 . The aim of this study was to compare the two combinations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive (except for adjuvant therapy) metastatic @entity0 @entity1 were randomly assigned to intravenous @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ) or AP (arm P) every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles, then four cycles of single agent @entity1205 ( @entity1345 ) or @entity1311 (arm P). Primary endpoint was overall quality of life (QoL) measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 after four courses of @entity632 - @entity3907 combination. Secondary endpoints were @entity137 , overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and QoL sub-scores. RESULTS: Between March 2000 and April 2004, 210 @entity1 were randomized: 103 to arm P and 107 to @entity1345 . @entity1 characteristics were well balanced between arms. After four courses, QoL score differences between groups or compared to baseline scores were not significant. Response rate was 39.6% for @entity1345 and 41.8% for AP. After a median follow-up of 50.2 months, median PFS and median OS were 8.7 and 21.4 months in @entity1345 and 8.0 and 27.3 months in arm P (p = 0.977 and 0.081, respectively). @entity1503 was significantly more frequent in @entity1345 than in arm P (p < 10(-6)), as well as grades 3-4 asthenia (p = 0.03). @entity16 occurred more frequently in arm P (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study, @entity1311 or @entity1205 combined with @entity632 were not significantly different in terms of QoL scores and efficacy, but had different @entity137 profiles.

title: A phase-III trial of @entity632 and XXXX versus @entity632 and @entity1311 in metastatic @entity0 : results of the ERASME 3 study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: @entity1793 that result from an alteration in a @entity1 's immune response at the surgical site are a major problem in procedures that incorporate biomaterials in @entity130 surgery and joint replacement. Diagnosis of @entity281 based on pathogen detection is difficult and exacerbated by increasing numbers of partially or totally resistant strains of nosocomial pathogens, particularly @entity794 . Expression profiling of a host's cellular immune response could facilitate the identification of the pathways involved in pathogen recognition and eradication and could lead to more rational design of drugs and therapies. To this end, we constructed and characterized ten individually tagged and directionally cloned cDNA libraries from peripheral blood cells (PBC), spleen (Sp), thymus (Th), @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), and bone marrow (BM) from immunologically naive and challenged @entity1707 as part of an implant-associated orthopedic model of @entity281 . Three of these libraries were normalized at C(0)(t) values 5, 10, 20, and 30. The libraries comprise more than 20 million primary transformants with an average insert length >1.4 kb. Cluster analysis of 7620 ESTs revealed 1029 clusters containing an average of 3.6 sequences and 3846 singletons. Gene discovery is estimated to be approximately 64%. Searches of public databases resulted in 49.3% annotated porcine sequences, of which 22.2% had significant homologies to ESTs from a variety of species, and 28.5% were without a significant match in any public database. We also identified 9.1% ESTs as involved in host cell and organism defense and 11.5% related to cell signaling and communication. These sequences, together with the 28.5% appearing as novel, are of specific interest to the infectious disease process.

title: Normalized cDNA libraries from a porcine model of orthopedic implant-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcal infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Perinatal @entity53 ( @entity56143 ) rapidly and markedly affects the morphological and neurochemical organization of the vertebrate brain. For instance, the sex difference in perinatal @entity1871 receptor (PR) immunoreactivity in the @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) of the @entity35 brain is due to the intracellular conversion of @entity251 into E2 in males. Neonatal alpha-fetoprotein prevents circulating @entity172 from accessing the brain, therefore, to overcome alpha-fetoprotein sequestration of E2, @entity172 replacement studies during development have used natural and synthetic @entity172 dosages in the milligram to microgram range. These levels could be considered as supraphysiological. Moreover, it is not clear through which ER subtype E2 acts to induce PR expression in the neonatal @entity35 @entity10789 because E2 binds similarly to @entity172 receptor (ER)alpha and @entity12209 . Consequently, we investigated whether nanogram levels of E2 affected PR protein and mRNA levels in the neonatal @entity10789 . Furthermore, @entity31850 ( @entity3445 ), a highly selective agonist for @entity7605 , and @entity21914 ( @entity2125 ), a highly selective agonist for @entity12209 , were used to determine if E2-dependent PR expression in the neonatal @entity35 is mediated through @entity7605 and/or @entity12209 . Immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR determined that as little as 100 ng E2 significantly induced PR protein and mRNA in the female and neonatally castrated male @entity10789 on PN 4, indicating that the neonatal @entity35 brain is highly sensitive to circulating @entity172 . @entity3445 , but not @entity2125 , induced PR expression in the neonatal @entity10789 and arcuate nucleus (Arc), demonstrating that PR expression in the neonatal @entity35 brain depends solely on E2 activated @entity7605 . In the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL), neither @entity3445 nor @entity2125 affected PR expression, suggesting the presence of a gonadal hormone-independent PR regulatory mechanism.

title: @entity1871 receptor expression in the developing @entity35 brain depends upon activation of XXXX receptor alpha and not @entity172 receptor beta.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['MPN', 'medial preoptic nucleus']

entities_list: @entity21914 :: ('MESH:C492519', 'Chemical') :: ['diarylpropionitrile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity31850 :: ('MESH:C467746', 'Chemical') :: ['propylpyrazole-triol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Cervicomedullary compression (CMC) from traumatic, infectious, or congenital processes of the atlanto-axial joint is a known cause of vocal cord immobility. Cervicomedullary compression can also occur from destructive arthritic changes and inflammatory @entity2070 formation at the occipito-atlanto-axial joint in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We present findings suggesting that CMC in @entity1 with @entity309 is an unrecognized cause of vocal cord immobility. Previously, vocal cord immobility in @entity1 with @entity309 has been assumed to be @entity625 with joint fixation. We report 3 @entity1 with @entity309 and radiographically demonstrated CMC with vocal cord immobility. One @entity1 had bilateral vocal cord immobility and @entity1224 ; 2 @entity1 had unilateral cord @entity912 and contralateral paresis without airway compromise. All @entity1 had @entity602 and @entity4048 in addition to brain stem symptoms. All @entity1 underwent transoral-transpharyngeal decompression of the anterior craniocervical junction with subsequent posterior fusion. These @entity1 demonstrated full return of vocal cord function within 3 months of decompression. We propose that CMC is a cause of @entity3746 in @entity1 with @entity309 that may go unrecognized without appropriate imaging studies of the skull base and physician awareness of symptoms of @entity9807 with @entity2850 . Our results demonstrate that CMC in @entity309 is a potentially reversible cause of @entity3746 .

title: Cervicomedullary compression: an unrecognized cause of XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['cricoarytenoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem compression']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['occipito-atlanto-axial subluxation and/or basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal cord paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigates the accuracy of a composite index, the A-Line(R) auditory evoked potentials index version 1.6 (AAI1.6; Danmeter A/S, Odense, Denmark), as a measure of cerebral anesthetic drug effect in a model for predicting a calculated effect site concentration of @entity1875 (CePROP). The AAI1.6 algorithm extracts information from the midlatency auditory evoked potentials, the spontaneous electroencephalographic activity, and the detection of burst suppression. The former version of this monitor, the A-Line auditory evoked potential index version 1.5, is only based on fast extracted midlatency auditory evoked potential information. METHODS: After institutional ethics committee approval (University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium), informed consent was obtained from 13 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I, aged 18-65 yr, who were scheduled to undergo ambulatory gynecologic or urologic surgery. The authors evaluated for Bispectral Index, A-Line auditory evoked potential index, version 1.5, AAI1.6 scaled from 0 to 100 and AAI1.6 scaled from 0 to 60, the interpatient stability at baseline, the detection of burst suppression, prediction probability, and correlation with CePROP, during a constant infusion of 1% @entity1875 at 300 ml/h. The authors developed pharmacodynamic models relating the predicted CePROP to each measure of cerebral anesthetic drug effect. RESULTS: Bispectral Index had the lowest interindividual baseline variability. No significant difference was found with prediction probability analysis for all measures. Comparisons for correlation were performed for all indices. The AAI1.6 scaled to 60 had a significantly higher correlation with CePROP compared with all other measures. The AAI1.6 scaled to 100 had a significant higher correlation with CePROP compared with the A-Line auditory evoked potential index version 1.5 (P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that the application of AAI1.6 has a better correlation with a calculated CePROP compared with a solitary fast extracting midlatency auditory evoked potential measure. Whether this improvement in pharmacodynamic tracing is accompanied by an improved clinical performance should be investigated using clinical endpoints.

title: New composite index based on midlatency auditory evoked potential and electroencephalographic parameters to optimize correlation with XXXX effect site concentration: comparison with bispectral index and solitary used fast extracting auditory evoked potential index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: PURPOSE: This descriptive analytical study evaluated the cause, type, incidence, demographic, and treatment data of zygomatico-orbital complex and zygomatic arch @entity174 managed at our program during a 5-year period. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1,857 charts of @entity1 presenting maxillofacial @entity130 and treated by the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, from the Piracicaba Dental School (UNICAMP), were reviewed. A total of 371 @entity1 presented with zygomatico-orbital complex and/or zygomatic arch @entity174 . @entity1 with @entity8924 were excluded. The @entity1 ranged in age from 2 to 88 years. Epidemiological data including age, gender, etiology, site of injury, and details of treatment were collected and tabulated in Excel software (Microsoft). All maxillofacial injuries were assessed and treated by residents and staff surgeons. Other concomitant bodily injuries were treated by pertinent consulting specialists. RESULTS: The majority of @entity174 were sustained by males between 21 and 40 years old, usually resulting from falls, altercations, and bicycle accidents. Unilateral @entity174 of zygomatico-orbital complex were present in 266 @entity1 (71.69%). @entity174 were found in 22 cases (5.93%). Unilateral zygomatic arch @entity174 occurred in 39 cases (10.51%). A total of 210 @entity1 (56.60%) did not receive surgical treatment. Surgical intervention was done in 161 @entity1 (43.40%). The surgical treatment was conducted using the approach as reported by Ellis and Kittidumkerng in 1996. A complication incidence of 6.47% was observed, which is compatible with related articles in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed interesting features about etiology, demonstrated by the high occurrence of bicycle accidents. The treatment protocol proposed to the @entity1 showed adequate results as evidenced by low complication frequency. The findings of this study bring information about an area in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, that is valuable in reaffirming previously established trends and identifying new patterns of disease frequency.

title: A 5-year retrospective study of zygomatico-orbital complex and zygomatic arch XXXX in Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['isolated orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Bilateral fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: A selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) 2A receptor antagonist @entity41078 (SG) blocks @entity750 -induced @entity1423 . It has been used clinically for the treatment of @entity3657 . SG might be able to improve chronic @entity63 , which contributes to @entity8 progression by maintaining renal microcirculation. This study investigated whether SG suppresses @entity8 . C57BL/6 @entity19 fed a 0.2% @entity5536 -containing diet for 6 wk developed severe tubulointerstitial @entity82 with @entity8 . Subsequent SG treatment (30 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1)) for 4 wk improved these changes significantly by increasing peritubular blood flow in the fibrotic area, as evaluated by intravital microscopy and decreasing fibrin deposition. Urinary L-type @entity844 -binding protein, up-regulated by @entity8 , was also reduced by SG. Additionally, results showed that mRNA expression of @entity15630 ( @entity15630 ), which is known to promote @entity82 by mediating and enhancing transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 signaling, was suppressed by SG treatment in the kidney. In vitro experiments using cultured @entity19 proximal tubular epithelial (mProx) cells revealed that incubation with @entity641 and @entity750 increased @entity15630 mRNA expression; SG significantly reduced it. In conclusion, SG reduces @entity8 not only by the antithrombotic effect of maintaining peritubular blood flow but also by suppressing @entity15630 expression in renal tubular cells.

title: A 5- @entity750 receptor antagonist, @entity41078 , reduces renal tubulointerstitial @entity82 by suppressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'kidney dysfunction', 'renal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity15630 :: ('18787(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity41078 :: ('MESH:C064294', 'Chemical') :: ['sarpogrelate']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

answer: @entity15630 :: (18787(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PAI-1']


abstract: The lipoprotein (LP) patterns were studied in the families of 19 index cases with @entity42000 ( @entity5522 ). Seventy adult first-degree relatives (93% ascertainment) to the 19 probands were analyzed. The diagnosis of @entity5522 type III among the first-degree relatives was based on three criteria, all of which had to be fulfilled to make the diagnosis: (1) presence of a slow-moving band in very-low-density LP (VLDL) on agarose gel electrophoresis migrating in beta or close to beta position; (2) A @entity165 / @entity412 ratio (mg/100 ml: mmoles/liter) in VLDL greater than 29.0; and (3) A "III-index" [ @entity165 / @entity1674 in VLDL x 10 divided by @entity165 / @entity1674 in low-density LP (LDL)] greater than 1.30. When defined according to these criteria there was a marked over-representation of @entity5522 type III among the relatives (27%). There was also an increased frequency of @entity2298 (28% against expected 15%), mainly because of a high prevalence of @entity3295 (24%). On agarose gel electrophoresis a "late pre-beta" band, probably indicative of an increased amount of intermediary LP particles, was frequently present (47%) among relatives not classified as @entity5522 type III. @entity164 @entity1 with @entity2298 were characterized by a significantly higher body weight than those with normotriglyceridemic type III. However, there was no qualitative difference in the composition of the lipoproteins in normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic type-III @entity1 . A genetic analysis of the LP patterns within the families showed several examples of vertical transmission of @entity5522 type III. There was no sex linkage. Six of thirteen analyzed parents showed LP patterns classified as @entity5522 type III. Another two parents were most probably carriers of the gene. Of the siblings to the probands, 23% showed a type-III pattern and another four (7%) showed LP patterns very similar to type III, fulfilling two of three criteria for @entity5522 type III. The data support the concept that @entity5522 type III is inherited as an autosomal dominant gene. It was indicated that @entity3295 with a late pre-beta band in VLDL may represent another expression of the gene for @entity5522 type III. It is suggested that @entity5522 type III may be a pathogenetically heterogenous group of @entity4977 . A separation of type III into two subgroups with low or normal and high LDL @entity165 concentration, respectively, may facilitate the understanding of the inheritance of type III as well as of the pathogenesis behind this LP abnormality.

title: Inheritance of XXXX . Lipoprotein patterns in first-degree relatives.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity42000 :: ('MESH:D006952', 'Disease') :: ['type-III hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity3295 :: ('MESH:D006953', 'Disease') :: ['HLP type IV']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity42000 :: (MESH:D006952,Disease) :: ['type-III hyperlipoproteinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation between exposure to ground @entity30364 levels and @entity1778 among @entity1 using existing population and disease registers. DESIGN: Ecological correlation study. SETTING: The county of Osterg  tland in Sweden. METHODS: Every @entity1 born in the county between 1979 and 1992 was mapped to the property centroid coordinates by linking addresses in the population and property registers. Population maps were overlaid with radon maps and exposure at birth and each subsequent year was quantified as high, normal, low or unknown. This was analysed with data from the @entity5 registry. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the age and sex specific rates for Sweden for the year 1995. RESULTS: 90 @entity5 occurred among 53 146 @entity1 (498 887 @entity1 years) who formed the study population. SMRs for @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) among @entity1 born in high, normal and low risk areas were 1.43, 1.17 and 0.25 respectively. The relative risk for the normal risk group and high risk group as compared with the low risk group was 4.64 (95% CI 1.29, 28.26) and 5. 67 (95% CI 1.06, 42.27). The association between @entity1778 and continued residence at normal or high risk areas showed a similar trend. No association between radon risk levels and any other @entity5 was seen. CONCLUSION: @entity1 born in and staying at areas where the risk from ground radon has been classified as low are less likely to develop @entity1778 than those born in areas classified as normal and high risk.

title: Childhood XXXX in areas with different radon levels: a spatial and temporal analysis using GIS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'ALL', 'acute lymphatic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: @entity1573 were raised with either translucent occluders or lenses, both under normal light cycles (12-h light/12-h dark) and in constant light (CL). Under normal light cycles, eyes with occluders became @entity735 with lenses became either relatively hyperopic (positive lenses) or myopic (negative lenses). After the treatment, retinal @entity935 (DA), @entity4925 , and @entity750 levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-EC). A significant drop in daytime retinal @entity4925 (-20%) was observed after 1 week of deprivation, and in both @entity4925 (-40%) and DA (-30%) after 2 weeks of deprivation. No changes in retinal @entity750 levels were found. Retinal DA or @entity4925 content remained unchanged after 2 or 4 days of lens wearing even though the lenses had already exerted their maximal effect on axial eye growth. When the @entity1573 were raised in CL, development of @entity1714 was reduced (8 days CL) or entirely blocked (13 days CL). Lens-induced changes in eye growth were not different after either 6 or 11 days in CL, compared to animals raised in a normal light cycle. Thirteen days of CL resulted in a dramatic reduction of DA and @entity4925 levels, but @entity750 levels were also lowered. The results suggest that lens-induced changes in refraction may not be dependent on dopaminergic pathways whereas @entity1714 requires normal diurnal DA rhythms to develop.

title: Constant light affects retinal @entity935 levels and blocks XXXX but not lens-induced refractive errors in @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['very myopic, and eyes']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['deprivation myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of @entity162 has opened therapeutic opportunities for @entity1 with atypical and complex affective conditions. The literature has recently described several commonalities in pathophysiological processes of @entity162 and @entity303 . However, this connection has been insufficiently appreciated at the clinical level, in part because affective dysregulation in the elderly and, particularly in the @entity303 setting, is typically attributed either to secondary depressive states or otherwise relegated to a neurologically understandable behavioral complication resulting from @entity75 . METHODS: We selected a case series of 10 elderly @entity1 with late-onset mood and related behavioral symptomatology and @entity73 without past history of clear-cut @entity162 . Clinical features, temperament, cognition, family history and pharmacological response were assessed to identify prototypical @entity1 to illustrate the complexities of the @entity162 . RESULTS: Mixed and @entity308 were most commonly observed and all @entity1 had been premorbidly of hyperthymic, cyclothymic and/or irritable temperaments. Most @entity1 had a family history of @entity162 or disorders related to the @entity162 . Symptoms were often refractory to or aggravated by antidepressants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, whereas mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotics were beneficial, promoting behavioral improvement in all treated @entity1 and marked cognitive recovery in five. LIMITATIONS: Case series with retrospective methodology. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: @entity1 with @entity73 and frequent @entity1316 might be manifesting a late-onset @entity162 , which we posit as type VI. We further posit that @entity303 and/or other biopsychosocial challenges associated with aging might release latent bipolarity in such individuals. Antidepressants, even drugs targeting @entity303 , might aggravate the behavioral dysregulation in these @entity1 . Evaluation of premorbid temperament and/or family history of bipolarity and related disorders might help in broadening the clinical and biological understanding of such @entity1 , providing a rationale for better customized treatment along the lines of mood stabilization and avoidance of antidepressants.

title: A case series on the hypothesized connection between @entity303 and @entity162 : XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar diathesis', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar spectrum disorders', 'dementia-bipolar interface', 'bipolar spectrum disorder', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive mood symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral disease']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood lability']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar type VI']


abstract: A @entity35 model of @entity1960 [dextran @entity597 (DSS)] was used to study the permeation of Evans blue (EB) from the lumen into the wall of proximal and distal colonic loops after exposure to the dye for 2 hr. Topical application of drugs used in @entity1 @entity31 ( @entity3303 , @entity2983 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 ) was given daily during induction of @entity1960 to protect the mucosa. The mucosal changes were evaluated with special regard to peptidergic innervation [substance @entity10133 ) and neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 )], invasion of antigen-presenting polydendritic cells, and mucin-containing goblet cells. DSS-treatment caused a significantly increased permeation of EB. In the proximal loops a significant inhibition was obtained after treatment with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops only treatment with @entity3303 had a preventive effect. Immunocytochemically there was a clear @entity1373 of both mucosal SP- and @entity10969 -immunoreactive nerve fibers in regions with crypt abnormalities. In these regions also most of the goblet cells were devoid of mucus. Like the changes in permeation, these morphological changes were most prominent in the distal loops. With induction of @entity1960 were invaded by polydendritic cells; the visual score was markedly decreased in the proximal loops treated with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops similar effects were obtained after treatment with @entity3303 or @entity617 . Prevention of the influx of antigens in both loops after @entity3303 treatment with reduced recruitment of polydendritic cells into the lamina propria is suggested. The nerve @entity1373 may thus be secondary to luminal challenge with antigens during induction of @entity1960 . The discrepancy between increased permeation and absence of polydendritic cell response in the distal loops after @entity617 may reflect separate actions of @entity230 on the intestinal epithelium and the immune cells.

title: Influence of topical rectal application of drugs on dextran @entity597 -induced @entity1960 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'colitis, the mucosa and lamina propria']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: CONTEXT: Free @entity1718 (FFA) may induce insulin resistance via synthesis of intramyocellular @entity2367 . During @entity4053 , @entity1 have lower plasma @entity413 levels than @entity1 despite higher plasma FFA, suggesting protection from FFA-induced insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether the relative protection from FFA-induced insulin resistance during @entity4053 in @entity1 is associated with lower muscle @entity2367 concentrations compared with @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND DESIGN: After a 38-h fast, measurements of @entity413 and lipid fluxes and muscle @entity2367 and @entity844 translocase/ @entity4210 were performed before and after a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. RESULTS: Plasma @entity413 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 than @entity1 with a trend for a lower endogenous @entity413 production in @entity1 , whereas FFA and lipolysis were significantly higher. Insulin-mediated peripheral @entity413 uptake was not different between sexes. There was no gender difference in muscle @entity2367 in the basal state, and @entity2367 did not correlate with peripheral @entity413 uptake. Muscle @entity844 translocase/ @entity4210 was not different between sexes in the basal state and during the clamp. CONCLUSION: After 38 h of @entity4053 , plasma FFA were higher and plasma @entity413 was lower in @entity1 compared with @entity1 . The higher plasma FFA did not result in differences in peripheral insulin sensitivity, possibly because of similar muscle @entity2367 and @entity844 translocase/ @entity4210 levels in @entity1 and @entity1 . We suggest that during @entity4053 , @entity1 are relatively protected from FFA-induced insulin resistance by preventing myocellular accumulation of @entity2367 .

title: Gender-related differences in the metabolic response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['fasting']


abstract: The complex pathophysiology of @entity55 and @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) that characterize @entity565 is achieved by the regulated accumulation and activation of different leukocyte subsets in the lung. The development and maintenance of these processes correlate with the coordinated production of chemokines. Here, we have assessed the role that different chemokines play in @entity55 and @entity2488 by blocking their activities in vivo. Our results show that blockage of each one of these chemokines reduces both lung leukocyte infiltration and @entity2488 in a substantially different way. Thus, eotaxin neutralization reduces specifically @entity2488 and lung @entity1712 transiently after each antigen exposure. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-5 neutralization abolishes @entity2488 not by affecting the accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in the airways, but rather by altering the trafficking of the eosinophils and other leukocytes through the lung interstitium. Neutralization of @entity5737 (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) receptor(s) with a receptor antagonist decreases significantly lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration as well as mRNA expression of eotaxin and @entity5737 . In contrast, neutralization of one of the ligands for @entity5737 receptors, @entity16951 , reduces only slightly lung @entity1712 and @entity2488 . Finally, @entity2842 neutralization diminishes drastically @entity2488 and @entity32 , and this correlates with a pronounced decrease in monocyte- and lymphocyte-derived inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that different chemokines activate different cellular and molecular pathways that in a coordinated fashion contribute to the complex pathophysiology of @entity565 , and that their individual blockage results in intervention at different levels of these processes.

title: The coordinated action of CC chemokines in the lung orchestrates XXXX and airway hyperresponsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16951 :: ('1230', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with dumping syndrome fed exclusively by gastrostomy are difficult to manage because liquid diets are given directly into the antrum. The gastric contents are emptied rapidly into the small intestine, with consequent @entity4854 followed by a delayed @entity4053 and multiple, often debilitating, symptoms. Uncooked cornstarch is a complex @entity1735 that provides a slow and continuous @entity413 source and may delay gastric emptying. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of uncooked cornstarch in the treatment of these @entity1 . METHODS: The medical records of eight @entity1 with dumping syndrome fed exclusively by gastrostomy were reviewed. @entity11315 was diagnosed if there was consistent symptomatology, rapid gastric emptying, and abnormal @entity413 measurements after a @entity413 tolerance test. Enough uncooked cornstarch to match hepatic @entity413 production for 4 h was added to control @entity4053 , and the feeding formula was modified to control @entity4854 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had debilitating symptoms. Weight z-score on admission was -2.31 +/- 0.29. @entity413 shifts were controlled in all. There was a significant difference between the maximum (221.3 +/- 19.3 mg/dl vs 121.3 +/- 6.9 mg/dl; p < 0.008) and minimum serum @entity413 (47 +/- 7.8 mg/dl vs 65.6 +/- 4 mg/dl; p < 0.04) before and after uncooked cornstarch. Weight increased from 11.87 +/- 1.4 kg to 15.10 +/- 2.3 kg (p = 0.06). In seven @entity1 , bolus feedings were successfully administered, and symptoms improved or resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Uncooked cornstarch controlled the @entity413 shifts, resolved most of the symptoms, allowed bolus feedings, and enhanced @entity1017 in these @entity1 .

title: Benefit of uncooked cornstarch in the management of XXXX with dumping syndrome fed exclusively by gastrostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity11315 :: ('MESH:D004377', 'Disease') :: ['Dumping syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In this paper, we used @entity1199 mutein as a model protein and evaluated the effect of @entity9266 , a non-ionic surfactant. In summary, we found that the dual effects of @entity9266 on the stability of IL-2SA, such as that shaking-induced aggregation of @entity1199 mutein was significantly inhibited in the presence of @entity9266 . However, this surfactant adversely affected the stability of @entity1199 mutein in solution during storage in terms of both oxidation and aggregation. These adverse effects are strongly temperature and formulation-dependent. Data particularly showed that @entity1199 mutein in solution forms soluble aggregates to a different degree in different formulations during storage at 40 degrees C for 2 months. Aggregation was barely detectable during storage at 5 degrees C for 22 months. Addition of 0.1% @entity9266 significantly increased the rate of @entity1199 mutein aggregation during storage. The @entity1199 mutein aggregates are linked by both @entity1520 and non- @entity1520 bonds and their relative contribution is temperature-dependent. @entity1199 mutein can be oxidized also to a different degree in different formulations during storage and the oxidation rate is strongly temperature-dependent with an activation energy between 21 and 25 kcal/mol. Addition of 0.1% @entity9266 not only increased the rate of oxidation in general but also altered the temperature-dependency of @entity1199 mutein oxidation.

title: Dual effects of XXXX on protein stability.

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity9266 :: (MESH:D011136,Chemical) :: ['Tween 80']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity453 ( @entity301 ) continues to be the dominant disease in Western society. A large body of evidence directly linking serum @entity165 levels and @entity301 risk has stimulated population treatment strategies designed to reduce @entity165 and @entity301 risk. Data indicating a relation between low @entity165 and non- @entity301 risk have, however, suggested that @entity165 reduction may not always be desirable. The primary goal of this evaluative review of the available evidence was to answer the following question: Is prevention/regression therapy for @entity301 safe and effective? DATA SOURCES: Three lines of evidence were reviewed: epidemiologic studies; primary and secondary prevention trials with clinical end points; and secondary prevention trials with quantitative coronary angiography as a surrogate end point for clinical @entity301 . STUDY SELECTION: Original studies and meta-analyses were reviewed. The principal selection criteria for the epidemiologic studies were large size and prolonged follow-up; for the trials, randomization and viable clinical ( @entity301 events, @entity301 mortality, total mortality) or angiographic end points. DATA EXTRACTION: The data were initially extracted by a single reviewer using common qualitative guidelines. The data were then evaluated by all authors acting as a data interpretation team. DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, the epidemiologic data revealed excess risk of fatal and nonfatal @entity301 events was directly related to total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels, for both @entity1 and @entity1 and for both younger (< 65 years) and older (> or = 65 years) @entity1 , over a wide range of serum @entity165 levels. The predictive value was higher in younger @entity1 than older @entity1 and @entity1 , although part of this quantitative interaction may be due to fewer studies, with fewer end points, in the older and female populations. The @entity301 events and @entity301 mortality, but not total mortality, were consistently reduced in trials of @entity165 -lowering therapy. The regression trials, predominantly in @entity301 @entity1 with high @entity165 values (mean 7.1 mmol/L), demonstrated improvement in angiographic @entity731 in every study. The evidence for elevated risk of non- @entity301 death at very low levels of @entity165 is uncertain and controversial. The most likely possibilities for this apparent relationship are unknown confounding variables and the play of chance. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity165 levels are directly associated with @entity301 risk, and there is no threshold level below which there is no risk. Reduction of high serum @entity165 levels reduces @entity301 risk. Whether lipid-lowering and adjunctive antiatherosclerotic therapies are effective and safe in the majority of @entity301 @entity1 who have desirable or borderline @entity165 levels remains undetermined.

title: Prevention and regression of XXXX . Is it safe and efficacious therapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']