abstract: PURPOSE: We have evaluated the effect of bracing in scoliosis on coronal alignment in a cohort of @entity1 . Current literature has not described the specific effect of bracing on the 3D shape of the scoliotic curves. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of the 3D effect of bracing on @entity2112 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The spines of 30 @entity1 with @entity1615 were reconstructed using biplanar stereoradiography with and without the brace. The Cobb angle, sagittal and pelvic parameters and transverse plane parameters were calculated. The variability and the mean values of each parameter, with and without a brace, were analyzed and compared using a student t test. RESULTS: The Cobb angle improved in 50% of @entity1 but remained unchanged in 50% cases. In 90% of the cases @entity1515 was decreased. The @entity1513 was decreased in 26% cases, unchanged in 57% of cases and increased in 17% cases. The AVR was improved (>5  ) in 26% cases, worsened in 23% and unchanged in 50%. Only the differences of Cobb angle and the @entity1515 were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Global statistics of this study concur with the literature. The Cobb angle was significantly improved. It also showed a significant hypolordotic effect. However, the results showed a high variability of the brace treatment effect in almost every parameter. Analysis of this variability by means of 3D reconstructions instead of global statistics should help characterize the mechanisms of correction of brace treatment.

title: 3D analysis of brace treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2390 , a @entity1943 analogue, has antinociceptive activity in several models. We studied whether @entity2390 modifies perception of rectal distention in healthy volunteers and examined its mechanism of action. METHODS: @entity2390 (100 micrograms, subcutaneously) and placebo were injected in double-blind fashion. Rectal balloons measured volumes that evoked increasing levels of perception. @entity2390 's effects on rectal sensation were compared with actions on rectal resistance, rectal motor activity, afferent and efferent anal activity, and somatic perception. RESULTS: After @entity2390 administration, threshold perception, pressure, urgency, and maximal tolerated volume were reported at 62 +/- 4, 185 +/- 11, 269 +/- 17, and 362 +/- 25 mL, which were greater than after administration of placebo (25 +/- 4, 95 +/- 9, 153 +/- 10, and 211 +/- 13 mL, P < 0.01). Rectal pressures, which increased from 9.2 +/- 1.2 mm Hg at 30 mL to 20.2 +/- 1.7 mm Hg at 180 mL after administration of placebo, were not modified by @entity2390 ; this shows a lack of effect on rectal resistance. However, in addition to enhancing volumetric tolerance, maximally tolerated pressures were increased to 42.4 +/- 5.1 mm Hg (P < 0.01) by @entity2390 . @entity2390 increased phasic rectal contractions but did not change anal pressures or block the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, confirming that local rectal reflex arcs are unaffected. Perception of thermal or electrical cutaneous stimulation was unaffected by @entity2390 showing selectivity for visceral afferent pathways. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2390 reduces sensation of rectal distention via inhibition of visceral afferent pathways. In contrast, afferent pathways involved in local reflexes and cutaneous perception are not inhibited by @entity2390 .

title: A XXXX analogue inhibits afferent pathways mediating perception of rectal distention.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiological effects of syrinx distension are incompletely understood. Although it is generally assumed that the accumulation of fluid within syrinx cavities can contribute to @entity51 , there are no reports describing intramedullary pressure in @entity1644 . The purpose of the current study was to measure syrinx pressures in @entity1 with progressive clinical deterioration and to correlate these data with @entity51 and intraoperative physiological findings. METHODS: Intramedullary fluid pressure was measured manometrically in 32 @entity1 undergoing syrinx shunting procedures. The data were correlated with syrinx morphology, intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials, laser Doppler measurements of local spinal cord blood flow (six @entity1 ), and neurological findings before and after syrinx decompression. RESULTS: Syrinx pressures recorded under atmospheric conditions ranged from 0.5 to 22.0 cm @entity2507 (mean = 7.7 cm). There was a significant elevation of the cardiac pulse (mean = 0.7 cm @entity2507 ) and the respiratory pulse (mean = 1.1 cm @entity2507 ) that was consistent with raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Syrinx pressures decreased to subatmospheric levels after surgical drainage. In 18 of 24 @entity1 with predrainage somatosensory evoked potential abnormalities, syrinx decompression produced a consistent reduction of N20 latencies (mean change = 0.49 ms +/- 0.094 SE right, P = 0.002; 0.61 ms +/- 0.089 SE left, P = 0.001) and a similar but less consistent increase in N20 amplitudes (mean change = 0.17 mV +/- 0.103 SE right, P = 0.115; 0.31 mV +/- 0.097 SE left, P = 0.027). Measurements of local spinal cord blood flow revealed very low baseline values (mean = 12.2 arbitrary units +/- 13.9 standard deviation), which increased to intermediate levels (mean = 144.7 arbitrary units +/- 42.6 standard deviation) after syrinx decompression. @entity1 with syrinx pressures greater than 7.7 cm @entity2507 tended to have more rapidly progressive symptoms, exhibited greater improvements after shunting, and had a higher incidence of postoperative @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The current study is the first to measure intramedullary pressure in a @entity1 disease. Evidence is presented that distended syringes are associated with varying levels of raised intramedullary pressure that can accentuate or induce @entity51 by the compression of long tracts, neurons, and the microcirculation. Symptoms referrable to raised intramedullary pressure are potentially reversible by syrinx decompression.

title: Intramedullary pressure in XXXX : clinical and pathophysiological correlates of syrinx distension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthetic pain']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that a combination of measurements of different aspects of @entity731 , including burden of @entity731 and levels of @entity32 , would contain more predictive information than either alone in an outpatient population. We enrolled 110 @entity1 (62 +/- 15 years of age) who were referred to the noninvasive vascular laboratory for sequential Doppler pressure measurements of the lower extremities. We measured ankle-brachial index (ABI) and serum markers of @entity32 and followed subjects for a mean of 2.25 years. Fifty subjects did not have peripheral @entity455 (PAD; ABI > or =0.9), whereas 60 did (ABI <0.9). Markers of @entity32 , including @entity1851 (3.83 +/- 0.9 vs 2.11 +/- 1.1, p = 0.019), were higher in subjects who had PAD. During follow-up, 42% developed an event ( @entity583 , @entity64 , unplanned coronary or lower extremity revascularization, or @entity204 ). Decreasing ABI (chi-square 7.3, p = 0.026) and increasing @entity1851 (chi-square 22.1, p <0.001) increased the risk of an event. Risk increased sixfold between the lowest and highest groups for all events and fourfold for hard events ( @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity204 ) using both @entity1851 . In conclusion, @entity1 who have PAD and increased @entity32 are at highest risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Characterizing @entity731 on the basis of these parameters provides important prognostic information.

title: Comparison of usefulness of inflammatory markers in XXXX with versus without peripheral @entity455 in predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes ( @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity204 ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein and ABI', 'C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The long term results of 24 @entity1 treated with postoperative irradiation for aggressive @entity81 are presented. @entity5 sites were the pelvis (8), chest wall (5), shoulder (5), extremities (4) and head and neck (2). Macroscopic complete resection (R1) was performed in 3 cases. 17 @entity1 presented postoperatively with gross disease (R2), 8 of which were recurrent @entity5 . 4 @entity1 with inoperable disease had biopsies only. Radiation doses ranged from 28 to 64 Gy at a fractionation of 5 x 2 or 4 x 2.5 Gy/week. 4 @entity1 had external irradiation in combination with 192Ir implants, 2 were irradiated with implants alone. In the combined treatment group, external doses ranged from 28 to 52 Gy and additional interstitial doses from 35 to 50 Gy. 192Ir treatment alone was given with 45 and 57 Gy to the contour of the target volume. The 10 year recurrence free survival rate is 75%. A dose response relationship has been established in the dose range of 30-60 Gy revealing an expected 80% persistent @entity5 control rate at 60 Gy. A dose volume relationship however, could not be derived from our data. Moderate @entity82 without functional impairment developed in 5 @entity1 (21%). These data support a policy of postoperative radiotherapy with 60 Gy in @entity1 with @entity5 following surgery.

title: Radiotherapy of aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'incompletely excised or gross residual tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibromatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: SIOPEN INES protocol yielded excellent 5-year survival rates for @entity4180 -non-amplified @entity3 . @entity1 deemed ineligible due to lack or delay of @entity4180 status or late registration were treated, but not included in the study. Our goal was to analyse survival at 10  years among the whole population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Italian and Spanish metastatic INES @entity1 ' data are reported. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among 98 @entity1 , 27 had events and 19 died, while 79 were disease free. Five- and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) were 73 and 70  %, and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 81 and 74  %, respectively. @entity4180 status was significant for EFS, but not for @entity1349 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rates of @entity1 who complied with all the inclusion criteria for INES trials are higher compared to those that included also not registered @entity1 . Five-year EFS and @entity1349 for INES 99.2 were 87.8 and 95.7  %, while our stage 4s population obtained 78 and 87  %. Concerning 99.3, 5-year EFS and @entity1349 were 86.7 and 95.6  %, while for stage 4 we registered 61 and 68  %. @entity4180 amplification had a strong impact on prognosis and therefore we consider it unacceptable that many @entity1 were not studied for @entity4180 and probably inadequately treated. Ten-year survival rates were shown to decrease: EFS from 73 to 70  % and @entity1349 from 81 to 74  %, indicating a risk of late events, particularly in stage 4s. Population-based registries like European ENCCA WP 11-task 11 will possibly clarify these data.

title: @entity3 in XXXX : are survival rates excellent only within the stringent framework of clinical trials?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic  neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to identify the distribution and cut-off value of the 'homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance' (HOMA-IR) according to gender and menopausal status for @entity209 in Koreans. METHODS: Data were from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2010. The subjects included adults aged 20 years or older. We excluded @entity1 who had @entity6 or fasting serum @entity413 >=  7 mmol/L. Finally, 11,121 subjects (4,911 @entity1 , 3,597 premenopausal @entity1 , 2,613 postmenopausal @entity1 ) were enrolled. The modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define @entity209 . RESULTS: The mean HOMA-IR was 2.11 (2.07-2.15) for @entity1 , 2.0 (1.97-2.04) for premenopausal @entity1 , and 2.14 (2.2-2.19) for postmenopausal @entity1 . The first cut-off values in @entity1 , premenopausal @entity1 , and postmenopausal @entity1 were 2.23 (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 66.9%), 2.39 (sensitivity 72.3%, specificity 76.4%), and 2.48 (sensitivity 51.9%, specificity 80.2%), respectively. Based on the first HOMA-IR cut-off value, the prevalence of @entity209 was 22.9% in @entity1 , 13.7% in premenopausal @entity1 , and 51.6% in postmenopausal @entity1 . The second cut-off value was around 3.2 in all three groups. Based on the second HOMA-IR cut-off value, the prevalence of @entity209 was 50.8% in @entity1 , 42.5% in premenopausal @entity1 , and 71.6% in postmenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the first cut-off values for HOMA-IR were 2.2-2.5 and the second cut-off value was 3.2 in Korea. The distribution of HOMA-IR showed differences according to gender and menopausal status. When we apply HOMA-IR, we should consider gender, menopausal status, and the prevalence of @entity209 .

title: XXXX Resistance Distribution and Cut-Off Value in Koreans from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) block oncogenic signaling and induce Fcy receptor (FcyR)-mediated @entity137 . However, the role of @entity405 (+) CTL and FcyR in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses in mAb-treated @entity1 @entity1 with @entity5 is still emerging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: FcyRIIIa codon 158 polymorphism was correlated with survival in 107 cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). Flow cytometry was carried out to quantify @entity470 ( @entity470 )-specific T cells in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 . The effect of cetuximab on natural killer (NK) cell, dendritic cell (DC), and T-cell activation was measured using IFN-y release assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS: FcyRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical outcome in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 ; however, elevated circulating @entity470 (853-861)-specific @entity405 (+) T cells were found in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 (P < 0.005). Cetuximab promoted @entity470 -specific cellular immunity through the interaction of @entity470 (+) @entity5 cells and FcyRIIIa on NK cells but not on the polymorphism per se. Cetuximab-activated NK cells induced IFN-y-dependent expression of DC maturation markers, antigen processing machinery components such as @entity31572 and T-helper cell (T(H)1) chemokines through @entity3223 / @entity1531 binding. Cetuximab initiated adaptive immune responses via NK cell-induced DC maturation, which enhanced cross-presentation to CTL specific for @entity470 as well as another @entity5 antigen, @entity5840 . CONCLUSION: Cetuximab-activated NK cells promote DC maturation and @entity405 (+) T-cell priming, leading to @entity5 antigen spreading and @entity1198 cytokine release through "NK-DC cross-talk." FcyRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical response to cetuximab but was necessary for NK-DC interaction and mAb-induced cross-presentation. @entity470 -specific T cells in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 may contribute to clinical response.

title: Cetuximab-activated natural killer and dendritic cells collaborate to trigger @entity5 antigen-specific T-cell immunity in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with specific recognition of @entity17974 ( @entity17975 ) were prepared by using @entity17975 as template molecule, @entity3679 ( @entity11596 ) as functional monomer and @entity13528 as magnetic fluid. The polymers were characterized by of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis, X- @entity16039 diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results demonstrated that an imprinted polymer layer was successfully coated onto the surface of modified @entity13528 nanomaterials, resulting in a narrow diameter distribution and good magnetic responsibility. The ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was used to demonstrate the interaction between @entity17975 and @entity11596 . It was found that one @entity17975 molecule was entrapped by one @entity11596 molecule, which was the main existing form of subject and object. By UV spectrophotometric method to study the adsorption performance of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers, the specific adsorption equilibrium and selectivity were evaluated by batch rebinding studies. The Scatchard analysis showed that there were two kinds of binding sites in the @entity13528 @ ( @entity17975 -MIP). The corresponding maximum adsorption capacities of @entity17975 onto @entity13528 @ ( @entity17975 -MIP) were 40.31 mg/g and 23.07 mg/g, and the dissociation constants were 64.85 mg/L and 30.41 mg/L, respectively. The kinetic experimental data were correlated with second-order kinetic model. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were used for the adsorption of @entity17974 in environmental water samples, and good results were obtained.

title: [Preparation and applications of XXXX magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers].

entities_list: @entity3679 :: ('MESH:C008384', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity17974 :: ('MESH:C023439', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methyl imidazole']

answer: @entity17974 :: (MESH:C023439,Chemical) :: ['4-methyl imidazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: 0.1% @entity1341 for obstetric epidural @entity1337 is given by infusion, using a loading dose of a higher concentration alone or in combination with opioid analgesics. A single dose of 0.1% without any additive for relief of @entity158 has not yet been documented. METHODS: Fifty-eight primiparae in active labor and with less than 5 cm cervical dilatation received 20 mg epidural @entity1341 diluted in 4 mL [group 1: 0.5% (I)], 10 mL [group 2: 0.2% (II)], or 20 mL [group 3: 0.1% (III)]. @entity158 relief, dermatomal spread, and motor block were assessed. RESULTS: Visual analog @entity158 scale (VAS) was significantly lower in group 2 (0.88 +/- 1.34) and group 3 (0.25 +/- 0.61) than in group 1 (4.37 +/- 2.57). Onset and time to maximum @entity1337 was significantly shorter in group 2 than in group 3. Mean duration of @entity1337 was 120 +/- 21 minutes in group 3, 100 +/- 26 in group 2, and 43 +/- 21 in group 1. The mean numbers and upper limits of dermatomes blocked did not differ between groups 2 and 3, but were higher than in group 1. Motor blocks in groups 2 and 3 were more extensive than in group 1 with no difference between groups 2 and 3. Ten mL 0.2% or 20 mL 0.1% epidural @entity1341 results in a similar degree of @entity158 relief, superior to that following 4 mL 0.5%, while duration was longest after 20 mL 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Analgesia lasts significantly longer following 20 mL 0.1% @entity1341 than following 10 mL 0.2% @entity1341 when given for @entity158 . Four milliliters 0.5% @entity1341 results in inadequate @entity158 relief.

title: Effects of diluent volume of a single dose of epidural XXXX in parturients during the first stage of labor.

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'first-stage labor pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations are the leading cause of hospital admission and @entity204 among @entity3311 ( @entity3311 ) @entity1 . This study estimated annual @entity1030 exacerbation rates, related costs, and their predictors among @entity1 treated for @entity3311 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study using claims data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD(SM)). The study sample included @entity3311 @entity1 aged >=  40 years with at least one inpatient hospitalization or emergency department visit or at least two office visits with @entity3311 diagnosis from January 1, 2004 to May 31, 2011, at least two pharmacy fills for @entity1030 medications during the follow-up year, and >= 2 years of continuous enrollment. @entity1030 exacerbations were categorized as severe or moderate. Annual rates, costs, and predictors of exacerbations during follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 17,382 individuals treated for @entity3311 met the selection criteria (50.6% female; mean    standard deviation age 66.7    11.4 years). During the follow-up year, the mean    standard deviation number of @entity1030 maintenance medication fills was 7.6    6.3; 42.6% had at least one exacerbation and 69.5% of @entity1 with two or more exacerbations during the 1 year prior to the index date (baseline period) had any exacerbation during the follow-up year. The mean    standard deviation cost per any exacerbation was  269     748 for moderate and  18,120     31,592 for severe exacerbation. The number of baseline exacerbations was a significant predictor of the number of exacerbations and exacerbation costs during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Exacerbation rates remained high among @entity3311 @entity1 despite treatment with @entity1030 maintenance medications. New treatment strategies, designed to reduce @entity1030 exacerbations and associated costs, should focus on @entity1 with high prior-year exacerbations.

title: Exacerbations among @entity3311 XXXX treated with maintenance medications from a US managed care population: an administrative claims data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis', 'CB']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study of @entity65 that arise during vertebroplasty was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sequential occurrence of fat @entity887 and @entity551 during vertebroplasty. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Vertebroplasty, the augmentation of vertebrae with @entity4625 , is a technique for treating @entity3814 and achieving prophylactic stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral bodies at risk of @entity174 . However, there is concern that fat @entity887 and acute @entity551 could occur as in a variety of other orthopedic procedures. METHODS: In six @entity742 , 6 mL of @entity4625 was injected unilaterally into L1. Transesophageal echocardiography monitored the pulmonary artery for echodense particles. @entity455 , and blood gas values were recorded before and for 25 minutes after injection. The lungs were subjected to postmortem histologic evaluation and compared with lung specimens from two @entity742 that had not undergone vertebroplasty. RESULTS: Injection of cement elicited a very rapid decrease in heart rate (within 2 +/- 1 seconds) and a rapid increase in venous pressure (within 3 +/- 1 seconds), which was followed by a fall in arterial pressure (within 5 +/- 2 seconds) (phase 1). Thereafter, showers of echogenic material appeared (within 6 +/- 1 seconds) and lasted for 138 +/- 36 seconds. A second more severe fall in arterial pressure was observed beginning at 18 +/- 2 seconds (phase 2). The injection resulted in an increase in partial pressure of @entity544 and a decrease in pH. The histology showed intravascular fat globules and bone marrow cells in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that immediately after cement injection, there was a reflex fall in heart rate and arterial pressure. The second fall in arterial pressure was a consequence of fat emboli passing through the heart and getting trapped in the lungs.

title: Fat embolism and acute @entity551 during vertebroplasty: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Heart rate, arterial and venous pressures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3323 (AA), a probable @entity1 carcinogen, is present in fried and baked starch-rich food. In vivo, the substance is partly biotransformed to @entity37072 (GA), which may account for carcinogenic effects. Existing data suggest an important but not exclusive contribution of @entity5321 to GA formation. The aim of this project was to derive respective enzyme kinetic parameters for @entity5321 and to assess a possible role of other important @entity1 CYPs for this reaction in vitro. METHODS: AA (0.2-20   mM) was incubated with @entity1 liver microsomes (HLM) and @entity1 @entity12325 enzymes (supersomes   ). GA was quantified by a specific LC-MS/MS method. Enzyme kinetic parameters were estimated assuming a single binding site. Furthermore, inhibition experiments were performed with @entity8584 ( @entity7725 ), a potent inhibitor of @entity5321 . RESULTS: The mean        SD maximum formation rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for GA formation in HLM were 199        36   pmol GA/mg protein/min and 3.3        0.5   mM, respectively. In AA incubations with supersomes   , only for @entity5321 measurable GA formation was detected in all tested AA concentrations (Vmax and Km were 5.4   nmol GA/nmol @entity5321 /min and 1.3   mM, respectively). Inhibition constant (IC50) of DDC was 3.1        0.5     M for HLM and 1.2        0.2     M for @entity5321 supersomes   . Therefore, relevant participation of CYPs other than @entity5321 in the metabolism of AA to GA in @entity1 does not seem likely. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the major role of @entity5321 in GA formation from AA, albeit with low affinity and low capacity. Further studies are needed to identify other pathways of GA formation.

title: The role of @entity1 XXXX enzymes in metabolism of @entity3323 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity37072 :: ('MESH:C071834', 'Chemical') :: ['glycidamide']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although newer techniques to promote the healing of leg @entity1066 associated with @entity4096 are promising, improved healing rates and cost effectiveness are unproven. We prospectively followed a series of @entity1 who underwent treatment with outpatient compression for @entity3179 without adjuvant techniques to determine healing rates and costs of treatment. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-two @entity1 with clinical or duplex scan evidence of @entity4096 underwent treatment with ambulatory compression techniques. The @entity1 were prospectively followed with wound measurements at 1-week to 2-week intervals, and the factors that were associated with @entity245 were determined. RESULTS: Of all the @entity1066 , 57% were healed at 10 weeks of treatment and 75% were healed at 16 weeks. Ultimately, 96% of the @entity1066 healed, and only 1 major amputation was necessitated (0.4%). Initial @entity1066 size and moderate @entity9085 (ankle brachial index, 0.5 to 0.8; n = 34) were factors that were independently associated with @entity245 (P <.01). @entity1 age, @entity1066 duration before treatment, and @entity5845 did not significantly affect healing times. The cost of 10 weeks of outpatient treatment with compression techniques ranged from  1444 to  2711. CONCLUSION: The treatment of @entity3179 with compression techniques results in reliable, cost-effective healing in most @entity1 . Current adjuvant techniques may prove to be useful but are likely to be cost effective only in a minority of cases, particularly in @entity1 with large initial @entity1066 size or @entity9085 .

title: Healing rates and cost efficacy of outpatient compression treatment for leg @entity1066 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis ulcers']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency and active leg ulcers', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: Internal drainage of cerebrospinal fluid utilizing a mechanical tube has been an increasingly common and effective procedure for the relief of non-communicating @entity1276 with @entity5 . However, several cases have recently been reported in which extraneural @entity3 of the @entity5 were initiated through the shunt tube implanted. The purpose of this paper is to present two cases with @entity1313 metastasizing extraneurally through ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and to review the reported cases in the literature. Case 1 The @entity1 , a 9-year-old @entity1 , had been suffering from @entity10 and @entity391 for 3 months prior to admission to the Neurosurgical Clinic, Gumma University Hospital. On admission, he had @entity1224 and @entity76 with a staggering gait. The clinical diagnosis was a 4th @entity5 . On November 29, 1971, a suboccipital craniectomy was performed. A @entity5 in the 4th ventricle was partially removed, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt was also performed. Subsequently postoperative irradiation was given, and the symptoms were abated. Histological diagnosis was @entity6196 . Thirteen months later, he was again admitted because of @entity227 and @entity4611 . Bilateral frontal craniotomy revealed a large mass over the midline of the anterior skull base, accompanied by numerous meningeal neoplastic deposits. The @entity5 was partially removed and histologically proven to be meningeal @entity3 of @entity6196 . Irradiation was again given and the symptoms improved. But the 4th @entity5 recurred 5 months after the 2nd operation, and then a massive intraperitoneal effusion appeared. Cytological examination revealed clusters of @entity5 cells in the @entity843 . The @entity1 died on September 8, 1974, namely 22 months after the ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implanted. Postmortem examination showed a solid @entity5 in the 4th ventricle which was accompanied by @entity693 , and @entity3 were present throughout the peritoneal surface...

title: [Extraneural XXXX of malignant @entity1313 through ventriculoperitoneal shunt--report of two autopsy cases and a review of the literature (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance, psychic change']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumor', 'medullary tumor', 'ventricle tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse meningeal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['choked discs']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: In conclusion, the findings of most recent studies show that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training can lower BP in @entity1 with stage 1 and 2 essential @entity101 . The average reduction in BP is 10.5 mm Hg for systolic and 7.6 mm Hg for diastolic BP. The reductions do not appear to be gender- or age-specific. Significant reductions in BP and LVH regression in @entity1 with stage 3 @entity101 have also been reported following aerobic exercise training. Resistance training exercise has not consistently shown to significantly lower BP and is not recommended as the only form of exercise for @entity101 @entity1 . The exercise training program for optimal benefits should consist of 3 to 5 times per week, 30 to 60 minutes per session, at 50% to 80% of PMHR. However, exercise programs should be individualized to meet the @entity1 's needs and abilities. Exercise intensity and duration should be manipulated to promote a safe and effective antihypertensive program. Initially, the exercise intensity should be low and the duration short. Both intensity and duration should progressive increase over a period of weeks until the desired goal, is achieved. The rate of progression must be tailored to meet individual @entity1 needs and abilities. The exercise program for overweight or obese @entity101 @entity1 should aim to promote a caloric expenditure of 300 to 500 Kcal per day and 1000 to 2000 Kcal per week. Such an approach, combined with a prudent diet, is likely to reduce body weight. The mechanisms mediating exercise-induced @entity353 are poorly understood. BP reductions appear to be independent of changes in body weight or body composition. There are also no indications of age- or gender-related differences in BP response to exercise. The use of ambulatory blood pressure measuring devices in exercise studies is not extensive. The few studies available indicate a more moderate reduction in BP than that reported by casual observations.

title: Exercise as XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['BP reduction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Non- @entity902 -based chemotherapy is a potential alternative to @entity902 doublet therapy for advanced @entity1149 in selected @entity1 . We determined the cost-effectiveness of @entity136 / @entity1206 (GEMVIN), versus @entity900 / @entity136 (PG) or @entity900 / @entity1206 (PV), from a government payer perspective. METHODS: Results from a randomized trial of GEMVIN versus PG or PV demonstrated no significant difference in global quality of life (primary endpoint) or overall survival between regimens, but superior progression-free survival for @entity902 -based regimens. A cost analysis was conducted using direct medical costs of treatment, grade 3 or 4 @entity137 management, and investigations for the mean number of cycles per study arm. Costs were calculated using Canadian dollars in 2005, and then in 2013 after drug patent expiry. RESULTS: In 2005, GEMVIN was the most expensive regimen ( 6868), and PV the least expensive ( 4650), with an incremental cost of GEMVIN over PV of  2218. Diagnostic and administration costs did not differ significantly among regimens; GEMVIN had the lowest @entity137 costs. The principal cost driver in 2005 was the cost of chemotherapy. In 2013, @entity137 and administration costs emerged as major drivers; GEMVIN was less costly than PV and PG, (cost savings of  413 over PV). CONCLUSION: Despite similar outcomes, GEMVIN was more expensive than PV or PG in 2005 because of higher chemotherapy costs. By 2013, after chemotherapy drug patent expiry, GEMVIN became the least costly regimen. Economic considerations in oncology change over time, and should be revisited in policy decisions based on cost.

title: Economic analysis of a randomized phase III trial of @entity136 plus @entity1206 compared with @entity900 plus @entity1206 or @entity900 plus XXXX for advanced @entity1149 (Italian GEMVIN3/NCIC CTG BR14 trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: 1 - To assess the anatomical localization of the active contacts of deep brain stimulation targeted to the subthalamic nucleus ( @entity9221 ) in @entity191 @entity1 . 2 - To analyze the stereotactic spatial distribution of the active contacts in relation to the dorsal and the ventral electrophysiologically-defined borders of the @entity9221 and the stereotactic theoretical target. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the @entity9221 (HFS- @entity9221 ). An indirect anatomical method based on ventriculography coupled to electrophysiological techniques were used to localize the @entity9221 . Clinical improvement was evaluated by Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor score (UPDRS III). The normalized stereotactic coordinates of the active contact centres, dorsal and ventral electrophysiologically-defined borders of the @entity9221 were obtained from intraoperative X-rays images. These coordinates were represented in a three-dimensional stereotactic space and in the digitalized atlas of the @entity1 basal ganglia. RESULTS: HFS- @entity9221 resulted in significant improvement of motor function (62.8%) in off-medication state and levodopa-equivalent dose reduction of 68.7% (p < 0.05). Most of the active contacts (78.6%) were situated close to (+/- 1.6 mm) the dorsal border of the @entity9221 ( @entity9221 ), while 16% were dorsal and 5.4% were ventral to it. Similar distribution was observed in the atlas. The euclidean distance between the @entity9221 distribution center and the active contacts distribution center was 0.31 mm, while the distance between the active contacts distribution center and the stereotactic theoretical target was 2.15 mm. Most of the space defined by the active contacts distribution (53%) was inside that defined by the @entity9221 distribution. CONCLUSION: In our series, most of the active electrodes were situated near the @entity9221 . This suggests that HFS- @entity9221 could influence not only @entity9221 but also the dorsal adjacent structures (zona incerta and/or Fields of Forel).

title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in XXXX : anatomical and electrophysiological localization of active contacts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) which was originally used for unresectable @entity5 has been applied to the cases after pancreas resection. However, it has not been clarified which stages of @entity1 will have the beneficial effect of IORT on their prognosis. In this study, IORT after pancreas resection was appraised on the basis of the @entity1 prognosis. Seventy-two pancreatectomized @entity1 including 6 cases of Stage I, 18 cases of Stage II, 25 cases of Stage III and 23 cases of Stage IV, which was determined by the general rules for @entity788 in Japan Pancreas Society were employed in this study. Four cases of Stage III and 15 cases of Stage IV were treated with IORT (25-30 Gy) after pancreatectomy. Ten of these @entity1 underwent postoperative external beam radiotherapy (22-48 Gy). All but one case of Stage I were currently alive. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of Stage II were 908 days and 2 cases were alive over 5 year after operation. @entity1349 of Stage III without IORT was 310 pod and all died within 906 pod. In contrast, all four Stage III @entity1 were currently alive without a sign of recurrence (3, 10, 15, 57 pom). All Stage IV cases without IORT died within 462 pod, while three cases with IORT were alive over this period. These data suggest IORT improves the prognosis of Stage III @entity1 when combined with radical resection of the pancreas. But it is not the case with the more advanced cases, where systemic anticancer adjuvant therapy might be indicated.

title: [An appraisal of intraoperative radiotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas cancer']


abstract: @entity85 ( @entity85 ) are highly prevalent, @entity158 , and @entity74 . The @entity11159 Cohort was created to characterize variation in @entity158 , comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes among @entity1 with @entity11159 receiving Veterans Health Administration care across demographic groups, geographic regions, and facilities. We searched electronic health records to identify @entity1 treated in Veterans Health Administration who had ICD-9-CM codes for diagnoses including, but not limited to, @entity2720 , and @entity571 . Cohort inclusion criteria were 2 or more outpatient visits occurring within 18 months of one another or one inpatient visit with an @entity11159 diagnosis between 2000 and 2011. The first diagnosis is the index date. @entity158 intensity numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, comorbid medical and mental health diagnoses, @entity158 -related treatments, and other characteristics were collected retrospectively and prospectively. The cohort included 5,237,763 @entity1 ; their mean age was 59, 6% were @entity1 , 15% identified as black, and 18% reported severe @entity158 (NRS >=  7) on the index date. @entity2720 (27%), @entity615 (25%), and @entity571 (21%) were the most common @entity11159 diagnoses. @entity1 entering the cohort in recent years had more concurrent @entity11159 diagnoses and higher NRS scores. The @entity11159 Cohort is a rich resource for @entity158 -relevant health service research.

title: The musculoskeletal diagnosis cohort: examining XXXX and @entity158 care among veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['costly disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['collaborative pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint, back, and neck disorders', 'Nontraumatic joint disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in @entity1 with @entity157 waiting for liver transplantation and to compare the radiologic and pathologic findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with 35 @entity157 were addressed for transplantation. Complications of the procedures were recorded. Primary and secondary technique effectiveness and causes of exclusion from the waiting list were assessed. After transplantation, @entity5 recurrence was evaluated for at least 1 year in all @entity1 . Radiologic-pathologic comparison of the explant was performed. RESULTS: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation was performed in 21 (81%) @entity1 for 28 @entity5 . Both minor and major complications occurred in three @entity1 (10% each per session). The rates of primary technique effectiveness, secondary technique effectiveness for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation alone (seven @entity5 ), and combined percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (three @entity5 ) were 56%, 76%, and 86%, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 11.9 months, 16 @entity1 (76%) received transplants, whereas five @entity1 were excluded from the waiting list because of distant @entity5 progression (n =3, 14%) or other causes (n = 2, 10%). After transplantation, @entity5 recurred in one (6%) of 16 @entity1 . Histopathologic examinations were performed for 13 (81%) of 16 @entity1 and showed complete @entity39 and satellite nodules in, respectively, 12 (75%) and seven (44%) of 16 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation can be performed on @entity157 @entity1 waiting for transplantation, allows most @entity1 to undergo transplantation, and does not impair posttransplantation outcomes. The procedure produces @entity39 in most cases but is associated with a high rate of satellite nodules.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for XXXX before liver transplantation: a prospective study with histopathologic comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'complete necrosis of the treated tumor']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Few reports in the literature validate the use of @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) for the evaluation of lower extremity @entity432 , particularly in the tibial and peroneal arteries. This prospective, blinded study compares @entity2996 to arteriography to address the following questions: (1) how well does @entity2996 visualize arterial segments, including those below the knee? and (2) can @entity2996 alone accurately classify the degree of @entity432 ? Twenty-nine @entity1 undergoing arteriography before a lower extremity arterial reconstructive procedure were studied with a color ultrasound scanner from the level of the inguinal ligament to the ankle. Color images were examined for the presence or absence of triphasic flow, poststenotic turbulence, color bruits, and collateral vessels. Among 636 arterial segments adequately visualized by arteriography, > or = 90% were identified with @entity2996 , including the tibial and peroneal arteries. With color criteria only, specificity was > or = 92% for distinguishing < 50% from > = 50% lesions and > or = 93% for differentiating patent from occluded arteries. Sensitivity for detecting an occlusion was > or = 97% in the superficial femoral (SFA) and popliteal arteries and 83% in the tibial vessels. For identifying a > or = 50% stenosis, sensitivity was > or = 85% in the @entity10194 and popliteal arteries but only 79% and 86% in the posterior and anterior tibial arteries, respectively. @entity2996 reliably identifies vessel location from the level of the groin to the ankle. For the detection of occlusions, @entity2996 is an accurate screening tool in the SFA and popliteal arteries but is less accurate in the tibial vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Color Doppler imaging of infrainguinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['color Doppler imaging', 'CDI']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive disease']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were treated with ICE after failure of previous chemotherapy. Their median age was 50 years (range 36-73). All but 1 @entity1 had multiple sites of @entity3 . Nineteen (76%) @entity1 had undergone two or more chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 prior to ICE. The performance status (PS) of the @entity1 was Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0:6; 1:12; 2:5; 3:2. @entity1260 1.25 g/m(2) over 3 h D1-3 along with mesna, @entity2879 80 mg/m(2) D1-3 and @entity3003 300 mg/m(2) D1 were given every 3 weeks. We observed a partial response in 10 @entity1 (40%, 95% confidence interval 21-62%). The response duration ranged from 1 to 15 months with a median duration of 4.5 months. The survival of all 25 @entity1 ranged from 10 days to 25 months, with a median of 9 months. All 25 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . Thirteen @entity1 (52%) experienced grade 4 @entity1503 , which improved after growth factor support. Four @entity1 had @entity221 , 1 had gram-negative @entity295 , while 2 had @entity2718 enterocolitis and another had herpes zoster reactivation. Four @entity1 (16%) experienced grade 3-4 gastrointestinal (G-I) @entity137 . No @entity99 was observed (1 @entity1 had microscopic @entity811 ). One @entity1 died of G-I bleed, and another @entity1 died at home of undetermined cause. We conclude that ICE is an effective salvage regimen in metastatic and refractory @entity0 , even in heavily pretreated @entity1 , and is a tolerable treatment when used with growth factor.

title: @entity1260 , @entity3003 and @entity2879 (ICE) in metastatic and refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenic fever']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Although medics in many services are equipped with pharmacological @entity1337 , legislative or logistical restrictions in some systems result in the need to rely on nonpharmacological avenues for the management of @entity12761 . Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been proposed as an alternative to analgesic medication that could be feasible and effective in the prehospital setting. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness and safety of TENS when administered by medics to @entity1 with @entity12761 in the prehospital setting. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify randomized-controlled trials investigating the safety and efficacy of TENS compared with 'sham' (placebo) TENS in the prehospital setting. Quality assessment of included studies was carried out to identify potential for bias. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results was performed to determine effectiveness and safety. The studies included were meta-analysed using a random-effects model to produce pooled results for comparison of the mean post-treatment @entity158 scores using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Four studies were included in the analysis, all of which were prospective clinical trials of good methodological quality. Meta-analysis indicated that TENS produced a clinically significant reduction in severity of @entity158 [mean VAS reduction 38 mm (95% confidence interval 28-44); P<0.0001] for @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity12761 . TENS produced post-treatment mean @entity158 scores that were significantly lower than 'sham' TENS [33 mm VAS (95% confidence interval 21-44); P<0.0001]. TENS was also effective in reducing acute @entity148 secondary to @entity158 . No safety risks were identified. When administered by medics in the prehospital setting to @entity1 with @entity12761 , TENS appears to be an effective and safe nonpharmacological analgesic modality that should be considered by emergency medical services organizations in which pharmacological @entity158 management is restricted or unavailable.

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relieving XXXX in the prehospital setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity12761 :: (MESH:D059787,Disease) :: ['acute pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In recent years, CyberKnife has emerged as an important treatment modality in the management of @entity977 . Treatment results after performing CyberKnife and the complications of this procedure are reviewed. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity977 received stereotactic radiosurgery with the CyberKnife (CKRS). The follow-up periods ranged from 7 months to 47 months (mean+/-SD : 30+/-12.7 months). The @entity1 consisted of 17 with non-functioning @entity652 , 3 with @entity2013 and 6 with @entity2012 . The change in the @entity5 volume, @entity227 , hormonal function, and complications by this therapy were analyzed in each case. RESULTS: The @entity5 control rate was 92.3%. Hormonal function was improved in all of the 9 (100%) functioning @entity652 . Hormonal normalization was observed in 4 of the 9 (44%) @entity1 with a mean duration of 16 months. In two @entity1 (7.6%), @entity227 worsened due to @entity5 after CKRS. No other complications were observed. CONCLUSION: CyberKnife is considered safe and effective in selected @entity1 with @entity977 . However, longer follow-up is required for a more complete assessment of late @entity137 and treatment efficacy.

title: Stereotactic Radiosurgery with the CyberKnife for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic enlargement of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Adenomas']


abstract: This study was designed to determine the incidence of relapse and factors predictive for relapse in 719 @entity1 with severe @entity2150 (SAA) after immunosuppressive treatment (IS). @entity1 developing @entity2590 or @entity1778 after IS, and @entity1 receiving a transplant, were excluded from this analysis. Response was defined as reaching complete independence from transfusions, relapse was defined as becoming again transfusion dependent. This criteria was validated by similar figures when using other 'relapse criteria' such as drop in neutrophil or platelet counts. Of 358 @entity1 responding to IS. 74 @entity1 relapsed after a mean time of 778 d after treatment. The actuarial incidence of relapse @entity3482 .2% at 14 years after IS. The risk for relapse was higher in @entity1 responding within 120 d from IS (48%) compared to @entity1 responding between 120 and 360 d (40%) and only 20% for slow responders (> 360 d from IS) (P < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis this factor still proved significant (P < 0.0001). The mean time between diagnosis and treatment was significantly longer in @entity1 relapsing compared to @entity1 who did not relapse (260 v 134 d, P = 0.037). Relapse was not predicted by the severity of the disease, age, and sex. In 39 of the 74 relapsing @entity1 a second response could be achieved. Responses after relapse were associated in univariate analysis with early response to previous IS and early occurrence of relapse. The actuarial survival of @entity1 not relapsing is significantly better than survival of @entity1 relapsing (79.8% v 67.1%, P = 0.0024). However, the actuarial survival of 39 relapsing @entity1 who responded again to IS was similar to @entity1 not relapsing (86%) and significantly better than in 35 @entity1 not reaching a second response after relapse (49.3%, P = 0.0015). This study indicates that relapse is a relevant problem in the treatment of @entity2150 , and does have an impact on overall survival. Prospective studies of immunosuppressive regimens, looking at responses, should also address this problem in the future.

title: Relapse of XXXX after immunosuppressive treatment: a report from the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Group SAA Working Party.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Middle meningeal @entity2548 (MMAVFs) are rare lesions with a poorly established natural history. We report our experience with @entity1 with MMAVFs who presented with @entity932 . METHODS: We reviewed our prospectively maintained endovascular database for @entity1 with MMAVFs, who were treated by @entity887 during a 15-year period. Hospital and outpatient medical records and imaging studies were reviewed. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 with MMAVFs, who presented with @entity932 , underwent @entity887 (mean age 60.3 years, range 21-76; four male and five female). Four @entity1 presented after @entity130 and five after spontaneous @entity548 . All nine @entity1 were angiographically cured after @entity887 of the @entity292 with liquid embolic agents (n = 8) or coils (n = 1). There were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSION: MMAVFs represent a rarely reported class of @entity455 . They are typically associated with @entity130 , but also develop spontaneously, and may be associated with @entity932 , which warrants classification of these lesions as high risk. Endovascular treatment is safe and effective and should be considered for these @entity1 , particularly for those who have lesions with @entity1504 .

title: Middle meningeal @entity2548 : A rare and potentially high-risk dural arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Endothelins are recently discovered peptides that cause vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. The significance to the mucociliary system of @entity48256 in upper as well as lower airways has not yet been clarified. Effects of these active peptides were investigated, combining both in vitro and in vivo @entity95 models of mucociliary activity from the maxillary @entity50 and the @entity825 . The studies were performed using computerized photometric microscopy. Immunohistologic staining procedures were used to determine the presence of endothelins in @entity50 and @entity825 epithelium. Significant effects on mucociliary activity were noted for @entity48257 in vitro as well as in vivo. All endothelins were noted to accelerate mucociliary activity of both @entity50 . The effects of endothelins were greater in the @entity50 than in the @entity825 . In vitro studies using the @entity460 blocker @entity594 and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac indicated that the mechanism of action involves an intermediary prostaglandin pathway but is independent of release of intracellular @entity460 . These results were confirmed using ET-1 in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining showed endothelin to be present in both maxillary and tracheal epithelium of the @entity95 . We conclude that endothelins have significant mucociliary stimulatory effects and that the presence of endothelins in normal mucosa indicates a potentially important role in respiratory homeostasis as well as inflammatory conditions.

title: Mucociliary function and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus and tracheal mucosa', 'sinus']

answer: @entity48256 :: (100009270;100008634;100348609,Gene) :: ['endothelins 1, 2, and 3']


abstract: 1. Endothelial cell damage in @entity8 appears to play a pivotal role in glomerular inflammatory diseases. Glomerular endothelial cells, a specialized microvascular cell type involved in the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration, die by apoptosis in response to @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity17299 ), @entity12270 ( @entity12270 ), @entity17299 / @entity1880 , and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptotic cell @entity204 is characterized by extensive DNA cleavage, DNA ladder formation, and characteristic morphological alterations. 2. In search for apoptosis-preventing signals, we identified glucocorticoids as potent @entity204 preventing factors. Co-treatment of cells with 10 nM @entity619 and @entity17299 , @entity17299 / @entity12270 , @entity17299 / @entity1880 , or LPS blocked roughly 90% of apoptotic cell @entity204 in glomerular endothelial cells. 3. Similarly to @entity619 ( @entity17299 - and LPS-induced apoptosis are prevented with IC50 values of 0.8 and 0.9 nM, respectively), other synthetic and natural forms of glucocorticoids, such as @entity21289 , @entity617 , @entity701 , and @entity2819 potently inhibited cell @entity204 with IC50 values of 0.2, 6, 50 and 1000 nM, for @entity17299 and 0.7, 8, 100 and 500 nM for LPS, respectively. 4. Apart from glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids such as @entity1369 also blocked @entity17299 /LPS-induced apoptosis (IC50 approximately 500 nM for @entity17299 and approximately 500 nM for LPS), whereas sex hormones, i. e. @entity10769 and @entity251 remained without effect. 5. The protective effect of glucocorticoids (and mineralocorticoids) required glucocorticoid receptor binding as it could be antagonized by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist @entity3927 . Concerning @entity17299 and LPS signal transduction, we found that @entity619 efficiently prevented @entity17299 - and LPS-induced activation of caspase-3-like proteases. Therefore, we postulate inhibitory mechanisms upstream of terminal @entity204 pathways.

title: Glucocorticoids potently block @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha- and lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptotic cell XXXX in bovine glomerular endothelial cells upstream of caspase 3 activation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruli and kidney arterioles']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity12270 :: ('281161(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha/basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity21289 :: ('MESH:C035394', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) @entity1651 is an often fatal disease for which there is no specific treatment available. Passive immunization with a specific monoclonal antibody to EV-A71 was used on a @entity19 model of EV-A71 @entity1651 to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness before and after established central nervous system (CNS) @entity281 . METHODS: @entity19 were intraperitoneally-infected with a @entity19 -adapted EV-A71 strain and treated with a dose of monoclonal antibody (MAb) daily for 3 days on day 1, 2 and 3 post- @entity281 or for 3 days on 3, 4 and 5 post- @entity281 . Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by signs of @entity281 and survival rate. Histopathology and qPCR analyses were performed on @entity19 sacrificed a day after completing treatment. RESULTS: In mock-treated @entity19 , CNS @entity281 was established from day 3 post- @entity281 . All @entity19 treated before established CNS @entity281 , survived and recovered completely without CNS @entity281 . All @entity19 treated after established CNS @entity281 survived with mild @entity912 , and viral load and antigens/RNA at day 6 post- @entity281 were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with our MAb could prevent CNS @entity281 in @entity19 if given early before the establishment of CNS @entity281 . It could also ameliorate established CNS @entity281 if optimal and repeated doses were given.

title: A monoclonal antibody to ameliorate central nervous system infection and improve survival in a @entity19 model of human Enterovirus-A71 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase activation, which is observed in most @entity1 @entity5 , plays an important role in @entity105 . @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) is a subunit of telomerase that is essential for telomerase activity. The aim of the study was to investigate whether nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit telomerase activity and @entity2215 . METHODS: Four @entity694 cell lines, HT-29, COLO205, CRL-2134, and SW1116, were used in the experiments. Polymerase chain reaction-based @entity10205 ( @entity10205 ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure telomerase activity in the cells after treatment with @entity117 , @entity3352 , or @entity32912 (a specific @entity3840 [ @entity3840 ] inhibitor). Expression of @entity2215 mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the potential cis-response elements to NSAIDs in the promoter region of @entity2215 . RESULTS: @entity117 , @entity3352 , and @entity32912 inhibited telomerase activity in HT-29, COLO205, and CRL-2134 cell lines, but not in the SW1116 cell line. NSAIDs inhibited @entity2215 mRNA and protein expression through suppression of @entity2215 transcriptional activity. The @entity2215 promoter fragment -145 to -330 basepairs (bp) upstream of the ATG starting site was sufficient to respond to the NSAID-induced inhibitory effect and the inhibition was @entity3840 -independent. CONCLUSION: NSAIDs inhibit telomerase activity at @entity2215 transcriptional, mRNA, and protein levels in @entity694 cells. The @entity2215 promoter fragment -145 to -330 bp may be the cis-response element to NSAIDs.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10205 :: ('MESH:C536801', 'Disease') :: ['TRAP', 'telomeric repeat amplification']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Columnar lined oesophagus ( @entity355 ) can sometimes be associated with complications such as stricture, @entity1066 and @entity1141 . In some selected cases there is an indication for oesophageal resection. METHODS: From 1983 to 1997, 12 @entity1 underwent oesophagectomy for "complicated" @entity355 . All @entity1 had @entity354 and Barrett metaplasia for many years. Ten of them were symptomatic, and pH-manometric alterations as well as alterations were noted at biliary scintigraphy. Ten @entity1 had intestinal metaplasia. Two @entity1 had previous antireflux operations. Four had a long (3-5 cm) and undilatable stricture. One was affected by a perforating @entity1066 . One @entity1 had an indefinite grade @entity1141 but endosonography revealed high suspicion of @entity5 . Six @entity1 had a high-grade @entity1141 . Operative technique consisted of a transhiatal oesophagectomy in nine cases and a laparotomic and right thoracotomic oesophagectomy (Ivor-Lewis) in two. RESULTS: There was no 30-day mortality; three post operative complications were observed. One of the four @entity1 suffering from stricture died four years after intervention due to non-related causes; the other three are still living and regularly feed per os after 12, 9 and 7 years. The @entity1 with @entity1066 is still living after 6 years and regularly feeding per os. The @entity1 suffering from an indefinite grade @entity1141 had an @entity420 (stage IIa) on the operative specimen. The @entity1 is still living after 2 years. Three @entity1 operated for high-grade @entity1141 had an @entity420 on the specimen. Two @entity1 (stage I) are living after 3 and 5 years. One @entity1 (stage IIa) died after 19 months with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: In case of non neoplastic "complicated" @entity355 the indication for the oesophageal resection can be considered as the extreme useful therapy only after an accurate selection of @entity1 . Especially in case of high-grade @entity1141 , the great incidence of unexpected @entity420 indicates oesophagectomy for @entity1 who are suitable for surgery.

title: [Complications of XXXX : indications for esophageal resection with special reference to high-grade @entity1141 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: @entity6313 is one of the most frequent @entity281 affecting the fingernails or the toenails and it is caused mainly by dermatophytes. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of onychomycoses in hemodialysis @entity1 and to relate sex, age, duration of hemodialysis and causes of @entity177 to the development of @entity5806 . The study included 100 @entity1 with @entity177 undergoing hemodialysis. The @entity1 underwent detailed clinical examination of the toenails and those with any kind of clinical finding had nail scraping for mycological testing. In the study population, the frequency of @entity6313 was 39%. The most commonly isolated fungi were dermatophytes (69.23%), Candida @entity5645 . (15.38%) and nondermatophyte molds (15.38%). T. interdigitale was the most prevalent fungus followed by Candida ssp. and @entity12734 . The risk of @entity6313 increases by 1.9% for each additional year in age and @entity6 @entity1 are 88% more likely to develop @entity6313 than nondiabetic ones. The duration of hemodialysis treatment and sex were not associated with the development of @entity6313 . In conclusion, in hemodialysis @entity1 , the frequency of @entity6313 was higher in those at advanced age and with @entity6 .

title: Frequency of onychomycoses in @entity177 XXXX undergoing hemodialysis in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail disorders']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Collaborative care management (CCM) for @entity308 has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes. The impetus for this study was to determine if outpatient utilization patterns would be associated with @entity308 outcomes. The hypothesis was that @entity308 remission would be independently correlated with outpatient utilization at 6 and 12 months after enrollment into CCM. The study was a retrospective chart review analysis of 773 @entity1 enrolled into CCM with 6- and 12-month follow-up data. The data set comprised baseline demographic data, @entity1 intake self-assessment scores ( @entity1 Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, @entity1316 Questionnaire, and @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test), the number of outpatient visits, and follow-up PHQ-9 scores. To control for individual @entity1 complexity and pattern of usage, the number of outpatient visits for 6 months prior to enrollment also was measured. With a logistic regression model for outpatient visit outlier status as the dependent variable, remission at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] 0.519, CI [confidence interval] 0.349-0.770, P=0.001) and remission at 12 months (OR 0.573, CI 0.354-0.927, P=0.023) were predictive. With this inverse relationship between remission and outlier status, those @entity1 who were not in remission had an OR of 1.928 for outpatient visit outlier status at 6 months after enrollment and an OR of 1.745 at 12 months. @entity1 who improved clinically to remission while in CCM had decreased odds of outlier status for outpatient utilization at 6 and 12 months when controlling for all other study variables. Improvement in health care outcomes by CCM could translate into decreased outpatient utilization for @entity308 @entity1 .

title: XXXX decreases outpatient utilization at 6 and 12 months after enrollment into collaborative care management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood Disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression remission']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current treatments against inflammatory angiogenesis are @entity230 and anti- @entity1611 , such as @entity619 and bevacizumab, respectively. However, the therapeutic windows for @entity619 and bevacizumab against inflammatory angiogenesis are unknown. METHODS: To investigate the therapeutic windows for @entity619 and bevacizumab, we used the corneal pocket assay. @entity635 pellets were implanted in corneas of BALB/c @entity19 that were then treated with @entity619 or bevacizumab at different time points. Angiogenesis (area, number of vessels, and sprouting) was quantitated at various time points after implantation. Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling and leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory angiogenesis were examined by Western blotting, by immunohistochemistry, and in the authors' novel leukocyte transmigration assay. RESULTS: @entity619 inhibited @entity635 -induced angiogenesis when treatment started 4 days after @entity635 implantation, while bevacizumab only inhibited angiogenesis by day 2 after implantation. Both bevacizumab and @entity619 inhibited angiogenic sprouting. Interestingly, bevacizumab did not affect NF-kB activation, which is one of the main signaling targets for @entity134 action. The authors' new imaging approach revealed that bevacizumab and @entity134 treatment blocked leukocyte infiltration into implanted corneas. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1611 inhibition affected angiogenic sprouting, while it was not effective against matured vessels. Both @entity619 and bevacizumab inhibited leukocyte transmigration from angiogenic vessels; however, @entity619 had a larger therapeutic window. These insights improve the treatment strategy in @entity74 .

title: Larger therapeutic window for XXXX versus @entity1611 inhibitor in inflammatory angiogenesis: surprisingly similar impact on leukocyte infiltration.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of primary surgical treatment of @entity1697 in Hong Kong. METHODS: @entity1 who had undergone primary surgical treatment of @entity1697 in Queen Mary Hospital were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 112 @entity1 in this study. The first sites of @entity5 recurrence were 10 (9%) local, 25 (22%) nodal, 3 (3%) locoregional, 5 (5%) distant, 1 (1%) local and distant, 3 (3%) nodal and distant, and 1 (1%) neck extranodal site. Of the 63 T1-2 N0 M0 @entity1 , the regional recurrence rate was 9% for elective neck dissection compared with 47% for "watchful waiting" (Chi-square test, P = 0.0008). The regional recurrence related mortality was 3% for elective neck dissection compared with 23% for "watchful waiting" (Fisher's test, P = 0.02). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 86% for elective neck dissection compared with 55% for "watchful waiting" (Wilcoxon, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Local and regional recurrences were the main sites of treatment failure. Elective neck dissection has significant benefits in the reduction of regional failure and improvement of survival. Elective selective I-III neck dissection have to be considered in @entity1 with stage I and @entity5 .

title: Comprehensive analysis of results of surgical treatment of XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II oral tongue carcinoma', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of oral tongue', 'oral tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral tongue carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual antiplatelet therapy with @entity1397 plus @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) is used for the treatment of @entity1187 . A combined formulation of @entity1281 and @entity1397 has been developed to provide dosing convenience and improve adherence. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile of a fixed-dose combination formulation of @entity1281 and @entity1397 with concurrent administration of each agent in healthy male Korean volunteers. METHODS: This single-dose, randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study was conducted in 64 healthy Korean volunteers. Equal numbers of eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either the fixed-dose combination of @entity1281 100 mg and @entity1397 75 mg or the free combination of each agent followed by a 7-day washout period and then administration of the alternate formulation. Serial blood samples were collected immediately before and after dosing for 24 hours. The safety profile was evaluated by using adverse events (AEs), which were assessed by physical examination, vital signs, ECGs, clinical laboratory tests, and interviews. The 2 formulations were considered to be bioequivalent if the 90% CIs for the log-transformed C(max) and AUC(0-last) values were within the predetermined range of 0.8 to 1.25. RESULTS: Sixty-four volunteers (mean [SD] age, 27.51 [8.15] years; weight, 68.55 [7.86] kg; height, 173.80 [5.94] cm) were enrolled, and 63 completed the study. For @entity1281 , the 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of C(max) and AUC(0-last) were 0.9483 to 1.1717 and 0.9946 to 1.1020, respectively. For @entity3785 , the 90% CIs were 0.9614 to 1.0396 for C(max) and 0.9778 to 1.0163 for AUC(0-last). For @entity1397 , the 90% CIs were 0.9809 to 1.2562 for C(max) and 0.9674 to 1.2073 for AUC(0-last). Six of the 20 AEs reported were drug related: decreased hemoglobin levels (n = 2), @entity221 (n = 1), and @entity10 (n = 1) with the test formulation and increased @entity493 aminotransferase levels (n = 1) and @entity2210 (n = 1) with the reference formulation. All of the drug-related AEs were transient and mild in severity. CONCLUSIONS: The fixed-dose combination of @entity1281 and @entity1397 100 mg/75 mg did not meet the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence as defined by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. Both formulations were well tolerated in these healthy male Korean subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01448330.

title: The pharmacokinetics and safety of a fixed-dose combination of @entity117 and XXXX compared with the concurrent administration of @entity117 and @entity1397 in healthy subjects: a randomized, open-label, 2-sequence, 2-period, single-dose crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12967 is a condition characterized by nocturnal episodes of @entity10 which periodically waken the sleeping @entity1 . They usually occur in @entity1 over 55 years of age and are thought to be due to some type of disturbance of biological rhythm. CLINICAL CASE: A 70 year old @entity1 , with no relevant past history, complained that during the previous 12-14 months she had been woken from sleep by episodes of @entity10 . The @entity10 was diffuse, non-pulsatile and very intense. The duration was variable, from 15 to 45 minutes and usually disappeared without requiring analgesics. The @entity158 was not associated with @entity2788 , @entity390 , @entity391 or focal neurological signs. Both general and neurological examinations were completely normal. No alterations were seen on cranial CT. Treatment with @entity1091 was started and there was marked improvement in the frequency of @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12967 is an @entity74 characterized by episodes of holocranial, or rarely hemicranial, @entity10 of moderate-severe intensity and periodic occurrence. Typically the @entity10 wakes the @entity1 whilst he is asleep ('alarm clock') and there are no autonomic or neurological alterations of any type associated with the episode. The condition usually affects @entity1 over 55 years of age, and it has been related to changes in biological rhythms. This presumed alteration of biological pacemakers has been based on the periodicity of the episodes and the response to @entity1091 .

title: [ XXXX : a new case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['Hypnic headache']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomitting']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic or ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unusual disorder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity12967 :: (MESH:D051270,Disease) :: ['Hypnic headache']


abstract: Premedication has been shown to affect both @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) and energy expenditure (EE). The metabolic responses to anticholinergic drugs have not been studied. In this study the effects of anticholinergic drugs on @entity4962 and EE (calculated from the measured rates of @entity4962 and @entity544 production [VCO2]: EE [kcal/d] = 3.581 x @entity4962 [L/d] + 1.448 x VCO2 [L/d] - 32.4) were measured in six healthy female volunteers. They were given intramuscular @entity3897 (15 micrograms/kg), @entity10445 (8 micrograms/kg), @entity5591 (8 micrograms/kg), and placebo in a random double-blind cross-over design. The consecutive sessions were at least 1 wk apart for each subject. @entity4962 and EE were measured using an indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac). Cardiovascular responses were assessed using standard noninvasive monitoring. Plasma drug concentrations were analyzed using a sensitive modification of radioreceptor assay. Subjective responses were measured with visual analog scale (VAS). @entity3897 and @entity10445 induced a significant increase in heart rate with a simultaneous decrease in pressure rate quotient (PRQ), while @entity5591 caused a significant decrease in heart rate with a simultaneous increase in PRQ. @entity5591 significantly decreased both @entity4962 and EE, whereas @entity10445 increased @entity4962 . @entity3897 had no significant effect on metabolic variables. Only @entity5591 induced sedation in this study. In conclusion, @entity3897 , @entity10445 , and @entity5591 differ not only in their cardiovascular and central nervous system effects, but also in their effects on metabolism.

title: Anticholinergic drugs: effects on XXXX consumption and energy expenditure.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We assessed the reliability of anorectal angle ( @entity12335 ) measurement as an index of @entity1241 . The "posterior" @entity12335 was measured at rest, squeezing, and straining in 69 continent and 82 incontinent subjects all complaining of various evacuation dysfunctions. The two groups were homogeneous with regard to sex distribution (48.6% vs. 51.4% @entity1 and 44.7% vs. 55.3% @entity1 , n.s.) and age (56.5 +/- 10.2 vs. 59.3 +/- 9.7 years, n.s.). The incidence of @entity3577 was the same in the two groups (40 each). The intraobserver agreement index from two independent measurements (Pearson's correlation coefficient), age, and gender interaction [T2 Hotelling test in multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA)] and the most discriminating category of @entity12335 measurement (Fisher's F test in ANOVA) were calculated. In addition, the relationship between @entity12335 and severity of @entity322 was assessed by the @entity2231 coefficient. Pearson's correlation coefficient was between 0.78 and 0.98 (P < 0.01). The mean @entity12335 differed significantly between the continent and incontinent subjects (104.5 +/- 10.3 degrees vs. 116.2 +/- 23.6 degrees at rest, 84.5 +/- 14.2 degrees vs. 95.1 +/- 20.1 degrees on squeezing, and 133.7 +/- 21.7 degrees vs. 141.7 +/- 25.9 degrees on straining; T2 0.066, P < 0.05 in multivariate ANOVA). No interaction was noted between groups and gender (T2 = 0.023; F = 1.11, n.s.). Resting @entity12335 was shown by ANOVA to be the most discriminating index (F = 9.4 P < 0.01) between the two groups. Overall, @entity12335 measurement was correlated with the severity of @entity1241 ( @entity2231 coefficient: 0.894 at rest; 0.811 on squeezing; 0.695 on straining); its accuracy was 79%, the false-positive rate was 15.3% and the false-negative rate 26.5%. Irrespective of the underlying abnormality, namely @entity3577 , @entity12335 measurement by defecography can: (a) be reinterpreted reliably by the same observer and (b) differentiate continent from incontinent subjects.

title: Measurement of the anorectal angle by defecography for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: @entity5426 associated with @entity82 is very rare. We have recently experienced two cases of @entity5426 that secondarily arose from @entity82 . The first @entity1 , a 55 year-old @entity1 , had noticed a @entity85 upper arm since he was five years old. At the age of 25 years, @entity4262 was diagnosed by X-ray examination. The @entity1 complained of swelling and @entity158 around the left shoulder. The diaphysis of the humerus was mostly non-observable due to severe @entity79 by @entity5 invasion and there was a large soft tissue @entity5 . Biopsy examination revealed @entity8146 with typical histologic findings of @entity82 . After interscapulothoracic amputation for wide @entity5 resection, he died of DIC. Autopsy revealed multiple liver metastatic lesions of @entity5426 . The second @entity1 was a 66-year-old @entity1 . She presented with a pathological @entity174 in the right tibia, due to an @entity690 with cortical bone swelling and thinning. The histologic diagnosis was @entity82 without any sarcomatous changes. However, after a 3-time recurrence, @entity5426 arose from the same lesion. She is now still alive with disease-free period of 6.5 years after amputation.

title: Two cases of secondary @entity5426 arising from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'Angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity in the right']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['grade II or III hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: Although the @entity251 receptor antagonist @entity12194 restores the @entity308 immune function in males after @entity130 and @entity548 , it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on adrenal function. To study this, male @entity35 underwent laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a blood pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of the shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate. Animals were then resuscitated and @entity12194 (25 mg/kg body wt) was administered subcutaneously. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and @entity2819 , as well as adrenal @entity2819 and @entity268 were measured 20 h after resuscitation. In additional animals, ACTH was administered and ACTH-induced @entity2819 release and adrenal @entity268 were determined. The results indicate that adrenal contents of @entity2819 and @entity268 were significantly decreased and morphology was altered after @entity548 . Administration of @entity12194 improved @entity2819 content, restored @entity268 content, and attenuated adrenal morphological alterations. @entity12194 also improved the diminished ACTH-induced @entity2819 release and adrenal @entity268 response at 20 h after @entity548 and resuscitation. Furthermore, the diminished @entity2819 response to ACTH stimulation in the isolated adrenal preparation was improved with @entity12194 . These results suggest that @entity12194 is a useful adjunct for improving adrenal function in males following @entity130 and @entity548 .

title: @entity251 receptor blockade after @entity130 and XXXX attenuates @entity308 adrenal function.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide', 'flutamide']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']