abstract: We report a case of a 57-year-old @entity1 with @entity704 -associated generalized @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) showing severe bulbar and respiratory symptoms, moderate @entity425 , and mild @entity425 muscles. @entity228 treatment with various types of immunosuppressive agents, such as @entity205 , @entity1140 , and @entity500 , did not improve her symptoms. Plasma exchange transiently improved her symptoms, and she was required to undergo plasmapheresis every 4 weeks. At first, @entity786 pulse therapy was administered, which improved her symptoms transiently. Thereafter, rituximab (RTX) was administered. Six months after RTX administration, respiratory distress and @entity1282 improved gradually, and reduction in the dosage of @entity288 from 30   mg/day to 10   mg/day did not result in symptom deterioration. Therefore, the interval between successive plasmapheresis treatments was increased from 4 to 9 weeks 19 months after the first RTX administration. During a 26-month period from the first administration of RTX, the number of @entity2225 + B cells in peripheral blood decreased and remained at 0% to 26% of that before RTX treatment. The titer of anti- @entity934 receptor antibodies did not change during the first course of treatment (0.6-0.9   nmol/l). The clinical symptom worsened with the increase of the number of @entity2225 + B cells in peripheral blood in the 27 month after 1st RTX administration. Therefore, RTX was administered a second time, after which the @entity1 's clinical symptoms again improved gradually. The titer of anti- @entity934 receptor antibodies came to be stable with 0.5-0.7   nmol and low level during the 2nd course. Corticosteroids could be discontinued in the 16th month. The findings suggest that RTX can be one of the choices for pharmacological therapy in @entity1 with intractable @entity1737 accompanied by the presence of anti- @entity934 receptor antibodies.

title: A case of refractory generalized @entity1737 with anti- XXXX receptor antibodies treated with rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of extremity', 'weakness of the neck muscles']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e16034 Background: @entity3136 is an acute @entity3137 of the head and neck region associated with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of radiation on the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and proinflammatory cytokines and @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ), @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) and type I collagen (COL I) mRNA expressions of gingival fibroblasts. METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from @entity1 gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. These cells were treated with radiation dosages as follows; control group (untreated), 0.5 Gry, 1 Gry, 2 Gry, 4 Gry, 6 Gry, and 8 Gry. @entity1161 was applied in the form of a single dose which was applied with linac 6 MV photon beams. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cells at 24 and 48 hrs. Total RNA was isolated at 24 hours after radiation. Expression of @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity3334 , @entity2843 transcripts in HGFs was determined by quantitative PCR (QPCR) analysis. Morphology of gingival fibroblasts was evaluated using inverted microscope after different dosages of radiation. For proliferation experiments and gene expressions, the statistical analysis used was one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and @entity233 HSD multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: Radiation decreased cell proliferation (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Expression of @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity687 was stimulated at higher dosage (8 Gry) of radiation (p<0.001) (figure 1). In parallel, @entity3334 , and @entity2843 mRNA expressions were elevated in response to highest dosage of radiation (p<0.001) (figure 2). Radiation suppressed COL I mRNA expression in response to all dosages at 24 hrs (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that radiation even in a single dose regulates behavior of gingival fibroblasts. Radiation-induced inflammatory characteristics of gingival fibroblasts could potentially lead to a @entity5932 . Results of this study clarify the possible mechanisms of radiation induced @entity3136 in radiation treated @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Effect of radiation on cytokines, @entity3334 mRNA expressions in XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1 beta', 'IL1beta']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['disruption of oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the mucosal lining']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of synthetic @entity7704 -(1-44) (1 microgram/kg, iv), @entity1338 (0.15 mg/m2, orally), L-dopa (0.5 g, orally), and insulin (0.1 IU/kg, iv) on plasma immunoreactive (ir) @entity7704 and GH levels were determined in normal @entity1 , aged 31-46 yr (n = 4-8). In addition, plasma ir- @entity7704 and GH concentrations were determined before and after the administration of @entity1338 in six younger @entity1 , aged 19-25 yr. @entity7704 was extracted from plasma using Sep-Pak @entity6173 cartridges and measured with a mid-portion-specific @entity7704 antiserum. The mean plasma ir- @entity7704 and GH levels ranged from 9-11 ng/L and 0.5-1.5 microgram/L, respectively, in the older @entity1 during a 2-h control study. After @entity7704 administration, the mean plasma ir- @entity7704 concentration increased to a peak of 512.5 ng/L at 3 min and GH to a peak of 9.2 micrograms/L at 10 min. @entity1338 resulted in a significant increase in mean plasma GH levels (P less than 0.05) in the younger @entity1 , but not in the older @entity1 . Plasma ir- @entity7704 concentrations did not change after @entity1338 . L-Dopa increased plasma ir- @entity7704 at 60 min (P less than 0.05) and GH at 60-120 min (P less than 0.05). Insulin-induced @entity4053 increased plasma GH levels (to a mean of 23.8 micrograms/L at 60 min; P less than 0.001), whereas plasma ir- @entity7704 levels did not change. We conclude that the mechanisms of the various GH stimulation tests differ. Some GH responses, including those induced by insulin, do not appear to be mediated by @entity7704 .

title: Variable plasma growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and GH responses to @entity1338 , L-dopa, and insulin in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is one of the @entity5 worldwide. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality for stage II @entity14 . However, the implementation of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial and is not universally applied so far. In this study, we found that the protein expression of lysosomal acid phosphatase 2 ( @entity60286 ) was increased in @entity14 and that stage II @entity14 @entity1 with high @entity60286 expression showed a poorer outcome than those with low @entity60286 expression (p = 0.004). To investigate this discrepancy, we analyzed the relation between @entity60286 expression and several clinical cofactors.Among @entity1 who received chemotherapy, those with an high expression of @entity60286 showed better survival in both stage II and III @entity14 than those with low @entity60286 expression. In stage II @entity14 @entity1 , univariate analysis showed @entity60286 expression and T stage to be cofactors significantly associated with overall survival ( @entity60286 : p = 0.006; T stage: p = 0.034). Multivariate Cox proportion hazard model analysis also revealed @entity60286 to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival ( @entity60286 : p = 0.006; T stage: p = 0.041). Furthermore, @entity60286 -knockdown @entity14 cells showed an increase in chemoresistance to @entity1487 treatment and increased proliferation marker in the @entity60286 knockdown clone.Taken together, our results suggested that @entity60286 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for stage II @entity14 and may serve as a potential chemotherapy-sensitive marker to help identify a subset of stage II and III @entity14 @entity1 for whom chemotherapy would improve survival.Highlights1. To the best of our knowledge, the study is the first report to show @entity60286 overexpression in @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and its association with poor outcome in stage II @entity14 .2. @entity1 with stage II and III CRCs with high expression of @entity60286 were more sensitive to chemotherapy than those with a low expression.3. @entity60286 expression may serve as a marker for @entity14 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and help identify the subset of @entity14 @entity1 who would benefit from chemotherapy.

title: Lysosomal acid phosphatase 2 is an unfavorable prognostic factor but is associated with better survival in stage II XXXX @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['leading cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pre-miRNAs (hsa-mir-196a2, hsa-mir-146a and hsa-mir-499) have been associated with various @entity5 and their prognoses. We evaluated the associations of three selected SNPs ( @entity31065 , @entity6992 , and @entity31066 ) in pre-miRNAs (hsa-mir-196a2, hsa-mir-146a and hsa-mir-499) with the prognosis of advanced @entity356 ( @entity356 ) treated by chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity31065 ( @entity14552 ), @entity6992 ( @entity6344 ), and @entity31066 ( @entity4866 ) SNPs were genotyped in 130 advanced @entity356 performing chemotherapy. Survival and response evaluation was based on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). Response rate (RR) was also evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). RESULTS: 63 @entity1 performed gastrectomy after chemotherapy (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and the remaining cases performed chemotherapy alone as treatment (chemotherapy alone). The majority of cases performed S-1-based chemotherapy as the first line treatment (n=119, 92%). The @entity31066 ( @entity4866 ) SNP was significantly associated with @entity1349 by the log-rank test (p=0.018), while other SNPs were not associated with @entity1349 . The @entity31066 ( @entity4866 ) SNP was also associated with @entity1349 and PFS among cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.038, 0.024, respectively). Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox's regression model revealed that non-responder by the RECIST (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.14 95%CI 1.06-4.19), @entity5 (HR: 2.48 95%CI 1.12-5.49) and more advanced stage (HR: 4.12 95%CI 1.06-16.02) were predictive factors for worse @entity1349 , while the @entity31066 A allele carrier was predictive factor for better @entity1349 (HR: 0.33 95%CI 0.18-0.75). CONCLUSION: The @entity31066 A allele carrier in the hsa-mir-499 is associated with better prognosis in advanced GC performing chemotherapy.

title: Association between common genetic variants in pre-microRNAs and prognosis of advanced XXXX treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'upper third cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers', 'GCs']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Exogenous administration of beta-adrenergic agonists has previously been reported to increase lung liquid clearance by stimulation of active @entity1372 transport across the alveolar epithelium. We hypothesized for this study that endogenous release of @entity1425 in @entity326 would stimulate liquid clearance from the airspaces in @entity35 . Liquid clearance from the air spaces was measured by the concentration of protein over 4 h in a test solution of 5% albumin instilled into one lung. Bacteremic @entity35 developed severe systemic @entity551 and @entity520 that was associated with a 100-fold rise in plasma @entity1425 levels. There was a 100% increase in liquid clearance from the airspaces of the lung in the bacteremic compared with control @entity35 . To determine the mechanisms responsible for this accelerated lung liquid clearance, @entity6478 (10(-3) M), a @entity1372 transport inhibitor, was added to the air spaces. @entity6478 prevented the increase in liquid clearance from the airspaces, indicating that this effect depended on increased uptake of @entity1372 across the lung epithelium. The addition of @entity1169 (10(-4) or 10(-5) M) to the instillate also prevented the acceleration in alveolar liquid clearance in the bacteremic @entity35 . We conclude that the release of endogenous @entity2661 associated with @entity326 markedly stimulates fluid clearance from the distal airspaces of the lung by a beta-adrenergic mediated stimulation of active @entity1372 transport across the epithelial barrier. This data provides evidence for a previously unrecognized mechanism that can protect against or hasten the resolution of @entity4 in pathological conditions, such as @entity326 , that are associated with the endogenous release of @entity2661 .

title: Stimulation of lung epithelial liquid clearance by endogenous release of XXXX in @entity326 in anesthetized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar edema']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the considerable variety in the clinical presentation of anorectal and @entity3622 in @entity30 , data on treatment results for each type of @entity292 are limited. The aim of this study was to summarize the results after surgical treatment of such @entity292 in a large consecutive series of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity3622 due to @entity30 requiring surgery in our institution between 1991 and 2001 were extracted from a prospective database. A standardized telephone interview was conducted and @entity1 were followed in our outpatient clinic, the department of internal medicine, or at their gastroenterologist. Type of @entity292 and interventions were classified and analyzed. Recurrence-free time intervals were estimated for each type of @entity292 and for the different surgical procedures. The influence of the surgical procedure, the number of operations performed, and the correlation to other localizations of the disease were analyzed in regard to the recurrence rate. RESULTS: From 777 @entity1 with @entity30 undergoing surgery between 1991 and 2001, 147 had @entity3622 (292 operations). Ninety-eight percent of them also had @entity30 compared to only 21% of @entity1 without a @entity292 (p value <0.001). Over long-term follow-up, 29 @entity1 (20%) required proctectomy. @entity292 needed major surgery in only 14% of cases compared to 56% of cases with @entity3622 . After 5 years, complex @entity292 showed a strong trend towards a higher recurrence rate after surgery than simple @entity292 (45.6% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.079). Whereas recurrences occurred over the whole observation period in the group of @entity1 with complex @entity292 , there was no further recurrence in @entity1 with @entity292 13 months after surgery. In @entity3622 , additional levatorplasty showed no advantage over standard endorectal advancement flap. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up demonstrates that recurrence rates after repair of complex @entity292 for @entity30 are high and continuously increase over time. @entity292 have the best outcome; after 13 months without recurrence, definite cure can be expected.

title: Long-term success rate after surgical treatment of anorectal and XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'Submucosal fistulas', 'submucosal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease in the colon or rectum", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas', 'anorectal or rectovaginal fistula']

answer: @entity3622 :: (MESH:D012006,Disease) :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']


abstract: The influence of @entity683 on hospitalizations because of @entity683 , @entity55 and @entity38244 in @entity1 with @entity6 was investigated. Data on the weekly incidence of @entity683 were obtained from the Continuous Morbidity Registration and the cumulative data on hospitalizations in short-stay hospitals were obtained from the National Medical Registration. @entity1 with duodenal ulcer were used as a control population. Epidemic elevations of @entity281 were observed in 1976 and 1978. The estimated relative risk for hospitalization because of @entity281 was 1.1 and 1.0 for the two non-epidemic years 1977 and 1979, respectively. For the epidemic years 1976 and 1978 this risk was calculated to be 5.7 and 6.2, respectively. An increased relative risk was also noted for @entity55 ; being 25.6 for both epidemic years. The estimated relative risk of dying during hospitalization rose from 30.9 in 1977 to 91.8 in 1978. The number of hospitalizations for @entity1270 was 50% higher in 1978 than in the other three years. During the epidemic years, 25.7% of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity55 died, while this percentage was 14.6% in the non-epidemic years (P less than 0.05). Differences in mortality due to @entity38244 were similar: 25.4% in epidemic and 14.7% in non-epidemic years (P less than 0.01). During the 1978 epidemic, one out of every 1300 @entity1 with @entity6 was hospitalized because of @entity55 . It is estimated that 1 of every 260 @entity1 with @entity1723 was hospitalized for @entity38244 . It is concluded that @entity1 with @entity6 have indeed a very high @entity683 -associated morbidity.

title: Effect of @entity683 on @entity1270 , @entity55 and XXXX : a hospital register survey of 1976-1979 in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38244 :: ('MESH:D016883', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like illness', 'epidemic influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection', 'influenza infections']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['death in diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Pleurodesis is considered as the best palliative therapy for the treatment of symptomatic @entity3483 . Several chemical agents are used for this purpose with variable efficacy and safety. The present study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of talc and @entity4279 as chemical agents for pleurodesis in @entity1 of @entity3483 . Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity3483 admitted in the department of chest of Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata were selected for the study. Pleurodesis with @entity4279 and talc in slurry was done in 28 and 24 @entity1 respectively. Efficacy and safety of these agents were assessed during a follow-up period of six months. Among the 52 @entity1 , 42 were males and 10 females. Age ranged from 40 to 64 years with mean age of 56.4 years. In 41 @entity1 effusion was @entity189 , 8 had effusion secondary to @entity0 , 1 had effusion due to @entity1893 , while primary @entity5 was unknown in 2 @entity1 . Among the 24 @entity1 treated with talc pleurodesis, 20 had @entity153 , 3 had @entity0 and 1 had unknown primary @entity5 . Out of the 28 @entity1 treated with @entity4279 pleurodesis, @entity153 was present in 21 @entity1 , @entity0 in 5 @entity1 , @entity1893 and unknown primary @entity5 was present in 1 @entity1 each. Pleurodesis with talc showed complete success in 19 @entity1 , partial success in 3 @entity1 and failure in 2 @entity1 . Pleurodesis with @entity4279 showed complete response in 24 @entity1 , partial response in 1 @entity1 and failure in 3 @entity1 . @entity662 occurred in 4 @entity1 of talc pleurodesis and 5 @entity1 of @entity4279 pleurodesis, 3 @entity1 of each group had @entity221 . There was no death in the peripleurodesis period. During the 6 months follow-up, 12 @entity1 of talc pleurodesis and 18 @entity1 of @entity4279 pleurodesis died. Talc is slurry and @entity4279 is equally effective and safe pleurodesing agent for symptomatic @entity3483 . However @entity4279 can be preferred option because of easy availability and low cost.

title: A study of comparison of efficacy and safety of talc and @entity4279 for pleurodesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to bronchogemic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: From case reports of @entity1 treated with the tetracyclic antidepressant drug @entity5081 , it appears that this drug is subject to polymorphic metabolism. Thus, we studied formation of the major @entity5081 metabolite @entity62427 to identify the @entity1 @entity12325 enzymes (CYP) involved. In incubations with @entity1 liver microsomes from two different donors, the substrate @entity5081 was used at five different concentrations (5 to 500 microM). For selective inhibition of CYPs, @entity5126 (0.5-50 microM; @entity5320 ), @entity62428 (0.3-30 microM; @entity4914 ), @entity3102 (0.2-20 microM; @entity5322 ), @entity37332 (20-200 microM; @entity4433 ), @entity16506 (1-100 microM; @entity5321 ), @entity41779 (0.2-100 microM; @entity5060 ) and @entity1524 (0.2-100 microM; @entity5944 ) were used. @entity62427 concentrations were measured by HPLC, and enzyme kinetic parameters were estimated using extended Michaelis-Menten equations with non-linear regression. Relevant inhibition of the @entity62427 formation rate was observed in incubations with @entity5126 , @entity62428 and @entity3102 only. Formation rates of @entity62427 were consistent with a two enzyme model with a high (K(M)=71 and 84 microM) and a low (K(M)=531 and 426 microM) affinity site for @entity5081 in the two samples, respectively. The high affinity site was competitively inhibited by @entity5126 (K(i,nc) 0.13 and 0.61 microM), the low-affinity site was non-competitively inhibited by @entity62428 (K(i,nc) 0.11 and 1.3 microM). Thus it appears that @entity5320 and @entity4914 contribute to @entity5081 demethylation. Based on the parameters obtained, for plasma concentrations of 1 microM 83% (mean) of @entity62427 formation in vivo is expected to be mediated by @entity5320 while 17% only may be attributed to @entity4914 activity.

title: XXXX enzymes contributing to demethylation of @entity5081 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity16506 :: ('MESH:D002753', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorzoxazone']

entities_list: @entity41779 :: ('MESH:D013426', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphaphenazole']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity37332 :: ('MESH:D008617', 'Chemical') :: ['mephenytoin']

entities_list: @entity62427 :: ('MESH:C027056', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylmaprotiline', 'Desmethylmaprotiline']

entities_list: @entity62428 :: ('MESH:C050131', 'Chemical') :: ['furafylline']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['Cytochrome P450']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions can reinduce complete remission in the majority of @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) who relapse into chronic phase after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Such infusions are associated with a high incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and @entity236 . BMT using selective depletion of @entity405 + lymphocytes from donor cells reduces the incidence of @entity2132 without an increase in @entity1778 relapse. We hypothesized that infusion of @entity405 -depleted donor peripheral blood lymphocytes could also reinduce complete remissions with a lesser potential to produce symptomatic @entity2132 in @entity1 with @entity1860 who relapsed after allogeneic BMT. Ten @entity1 with Ph(+) @entity1860 who relapsed a median of 353 days after BMT (range, 82 to 1,096 days) received donor lymphocyte infusions depleted of @entity405 + cells. Nine @entity1 received a single infusion and 1 received two infusions. Four @entity1 were treated while in chronic phase with clonal evolution, 2 during accelerated phase, 3 during blast crisis, and 1 in a cytogenetic relapse. A mean of 0.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg were infused, containing 0.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) CD3+ @entity405 + cells/kg. Six @entity1 achieved hematologic and cytogenetic remission at 4, 8, 11, 15, 39, and 54 weeks after lymphocyte infusion. Two @entity1 developed > or = grade II acute @entity2132 , and 1 @entity1 developed mild @entity2132 . We conclude that donor lymphocyte infusions depleted of @entity405 + cells can induce remissions with a low rate of severe acute @entity2132 in @entity1 with @entity1860 who relapse after allogeneic BMT, supporting the hypothesis that @entity405 + lymphocytes are important effectors of @entity2132 , but may not be essential for the graft-versus- @entity1778 effect against this disease. Further controlled studies are required to confirm these preliminary observations.

title: @entity405 -depleted donor lymphocyte infusion as treatment for relapsed XXXX after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) on @entity8629 -induced @entity656 ( @entity656 ) in a @entity19 model. METHODS: Acute @entity788 was induced via intraperitoneal injection of @entity8629 (50  g/kg) every hour for 6 times. In the LE, water extract (100, 250, or 500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before the first injection of @entity8629 . Six hours after @entity656 , blood, the pancreas, and the lung were harvested for further examination. In addition, pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using a collagenase method, and then, we investigated the acinar cell viability and cytokine productions. RESULTS: Treatment with LE reduced @entity660 and attenuated the severity of @entity656 , as evidenced by the reduction in neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and @entity26317 levels, trypsin activity, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, treatment with LE inhibited @entity8919 expression in the pancreas during @entity656 . In accordance with in vivo data, LE inhibited the @entity8629 -induced acinar cell death, cytokine productions, and @entity8919 expression. Furthermore, LE also inhibited the activation of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinases. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LE plays a protective role during the development of @entity656 by inhibiting the activation of @entity1995 .

title: Protective Effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Against @entity8629 -Induced Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic damage and AP-associated lung injury']

entities_list: @entity8919 :: ('15289(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['high mobility group box 1', 'high-mobility group box 1']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) often have elevated TSH (hypothalamic origin), which is called TSH @entity409 (TSH-nd). In these cases, there is slight elevation in TSH (5-15   UI/mL), with normal free T4 and negative thyroid @entity465 ( @entity465 ). OBJECTIVE: To recognize the risk of progression to @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 40 DS @entity1 (mean age = 4.5 years), followed up for 6.8 years. RESULTS: @entity2621 was diagnosed in 9/40 @entity1 , three early in monitoring, and six during evolution. In 31/40 @entity1 , TSH-nd diagnosis remained unchanged over the years, with maximum TSH values ranging from 5 to 15   UI/mL. In this group, free T4 also remained normal and @entity465 were negative. There was a significant TSH reduction (p = 0.017), and normal TSH concentrations (< 5.0   UI/mL) were observed in 29/31 @entity1 , in at least one moment. No @entity1 had TSH > 15   UI/mL. CONCLUSION: DS @entity1 with TSH-nd present low risk of progression to @entity2621 (10% for females and 6% for males).

title: TSH @entity409 (TSH-nd) in Down syndrome (DS): low risk of progression to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['antibodies', 'AB']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurosecretory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis", 'HT']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: Recent studies have identified a subpopulation of @entity1 with @entity91 who exhibit progressive or delayed-onset @entity8213 and mild @entity85 . These @entity1 may be good candidates for nonextirpation distraction osteogenesis. The present studies were designed to determine force-displacement parameters and assess the effects of distraction osteogenesis on coronal suture growth and morphologic characteristics in a @entity95 model with congenital, delayed-onset @entity91 . Data were collected from a total of 178 @entity95 : 71 normal controls; 16 normal controls with distraction; 72 with delayed-onset @entity91 ; and 19 with delayed-onset @entity91 and distraction. At 10 days of age, all @entity95 had amalgam markers placed on both sides of the coronal suture. In the force-displacement study, force-displacement distractors were placed across the coronal suture and distracted acutely for 1.0 mm at 42 days of age. Force-displacement curves for the coronal suture were best described by a third-order polynomial regression equation for both normal and synostosed groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the mean force necessary to distract a normal suture 1 mm in distance (13.72 kg) compared with a suture with delayed-onset @entity8213 (48.39 kg). A significant (P < 0.05) relationship was also found between the extent of @entity8213 and the distractive force in @entity95 with delayed-onset @entity8213 . In the distraction study, internal distractors were fixed across the coronal suture at 25 days of age and percutaneously and intermittently activated at an average of 0.11 mm/day for 42 days (4.54 mm total). Serial radiographs were taken at 10, 25, 42, and 84 days of age. Results revealed that @entity95 with delayed-onset @entity8213 and distraction had significantly (P < 0.01) more coronal suture growth rates compared with @entity95 with delayed-onset @entity8213 and no distraction. Coronal sutures were harvested at 84 days of age for qualitative histologic examination. Normal, distracted coronal sutures showed widened sutural ligaments and thin, active osteogenic fronts. In contrast, distracted coronal sutures from @entity95 with delayed-onset @entity8213 showed narrowed sutural ligaments, thickened and blunt osteogenic fronts, and increased collagen and bony matrix deposition compared with controls. Results suggest that distraction osteogenesis without corticotomy may be a treatment alternative in @entity1 with progressive, delayed-onset @entity8213 . However, these preliminary data also suggest that distractive forces may accelerate or stimulate osteogenesis differentially in @entity1 with @entity91 , possibly through an underlying @entity74 of bone and cytokine regulation. These differential osteogenic responses to distraction, if validated clinically, will need to be taken into account when planning distraction rate and rhythm protocols for @entity1 with @entity91 .

title: Coronal suture response to distraction osteogenesis in @entity95 with delayed-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['coronal suture synostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cranial vault deformities']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine seroconversion and the relationship with age and @entity32 of autoantibodies in a large group of @entity1 attending an outpatient rheumatology clinic. METHODS: Levels of antibodies to citrullinated proteins/peptides (ACPAs) and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) were determined in 22,427 samples collected from 18,658 @entity1 . The diagnosis was derived from a diagnosis registration system. The degree of seroconversion in repeated samples and the correlation of levels with age and inflammatory markers were determined for @entity7134 and IgM-RF in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and non- @entity309 @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of @entity309 @entity1 (n = 1,524) were @entity7134 -positive and 53% were IgM-RF-positive; in non- @entity309 @entity1 (n = 2,245), the corresponding values were 2% and 4%, respectively. In @entity1 with at least two samples (n = 3,769), @entity7134 status was more stable than IgM-RF status in @entity309 @entity1 . @entity7134 - or IgM-RF-negative non- @entity309 @entity1 seldom became positive. @entity7134 positivity was unrelated to age in both @entity309 and non- @entity309 @entity1 . IgM-RF positivity was unrelated to age in @entity309 @entity1 ; however, it increased with age in non- @entity309 @entity1 . The correlation between autoantibody levels and inflammatory markers was low in general and was somewhat higher for IgM-RF than for @entity7134 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7134 status is more stable in time and with increasing age than IgM-RF status, further establishing its role as a disease-specific marker. @entity7134 and IgM-RF levels are only moderately correlated with markers of @entity32 .

title: Different properties of XXXX and IgM-RF derived from a large dataset: further evidence of two distinct autoantibody systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity7134 :: (5657,Gene) :: ['ACPA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to statin therapy has been shown to be suboptimal. In statin-treated @entity1 with residual elevated low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) levels the physician must decide whether to switch to a more potent statin or try and achieve better adherence. We examined the association between adherence and LDL-C within low, moderate and high intensity statin groups in a "real world" setting. METHODS: We assessed annual adherence by the mean MPR (Medication Possession Ratio = number of purchased/prescribed daily doses) in unselected @entity1 group. Statins were stratified (ACC/AHA Guideline) into low, moderate and high intensity groups. The impact of adherence on LDL levels was assessed by LOESS (locally weighted scatter plot smoothing). RESULTS: Out of 1183 @entity1 173 (14.6%) were treated with low, 923 (78.0%) with moderate and 87 (7.4%) with high intensity statins. Statin intensity was inversely associated with adherence (MPR 77  21, 73  22 and 69  21% for low, moderate and high intensity respectively, p=0.018). Non-adjusted LDL levels decreased with higher adherence: a 10% adherence increase resulted in LDL decrease of 3.5, 5.8 and 7.1mg/dL in low, moderate and high intensity groups. Analysis of the adherence effect on LDL levels adjusted for age, @entity3918 and @entity741 showed that MPR above 80% was associated with an additional decrease in LDL levels only in the high intensity group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased adherence to statins beyond an MPR of 80% improves LDL levels only among @entity1 given high intensity therapy. Switching from lower to higher intensity therapy may be more effective than further efforts to increase adherence.

title: Statin adherence and LDL XXXX levels. Should we assess adherence prior to statin upgrade?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine activity limitations, participation restrictions, health-related quality of life and caregiver strain in community-dwelling @entity64 survivors discharged from an intensive inpatient rehabilitation programme at 6 months post @entity64 . METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive @entity64 @entity1 admitted to a Western Cape rehabilitation centre were included. Community-dwelling @entity1 (N=46) at 6 months post @entity64 were assessed using the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), Barthel index (BI), Nottingham extended activities of daily living (NEADL) scale, Euroqol (EQ-5D) instrument and caregiver strain index (CSI). RESULTS: Most @entity1 (73.9%) were independent in activities of daily living or had minimal disability (BI 75 - 100). However, according to the NEADL, many @entity1 were not independent in housework (60.9%), food preparation (52.2%), shopping (80.4%) and public transport use (65.2%), implying the need for caregiver assistance. According to the @entity2653 , 29% of @entity1 were severely disabled, requiring caregiver assistance for basic needs, and 20% could not be left alone. Feelings of @entity148 or @entity308 were felt in 50% of @entity1 and 59% reported @entity158 or discomfort, according to the EQ-5D. High levels of caregiver strain were reported in 56% of caregivers (CSI). Follow-up after discharge was reported in few @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Consideration should be given to support for @entity64 survivors and caregivers after discharge and whether targeted programmes can improve specific aspects of functioning, such as @entity497 .

title: Functioning at 6 months post XXXX following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Rankin Scale', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community mobility']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of the @entity75 that are most closely associated with the earliest symptoms of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is crucial to the understanding of the disease process and the development of treatment strategies to affect its progress. Do the classical @entity75 of @entity195 precede, follow, or occur in synchrony with the earliest signs of @entity73 ? DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES: We examined the extent of @entity527 ( @entity527 ) formation in 5 neocortical regions and the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala in 66 elderly subjects with no @entity303 , questionable @entity303 , or mild @entity303 as assessed using the Clinical @entity303 Rating Scale (CDR). SETTING AND @entity1 : Postmortem study of nursing home residents. RESULTS: Even questionable @entity303 (CDR, 0.5) was associated with a significant (P = .04) increase in neocortical @entity527 density. The density of NPs increased further with increasing @entity303 severity in all brain regions examined. However, subjects with questionable @entity303 or definite but mild @entity303 did not differ significantly from each other. Density of NPs was nearly maximal in subjects with moderate @entity303 (CDR = 2.0), suggesting that other neuropathological changes may be responsible for @entity73 beyond this level. @entity303 severity correlated significantly with the density of NPs in all brain regions examined (r range, 0.47-0.56; P < .001), even when subjects with a CDR of 0 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that NPs are among the earliest @entity75 in @entity195 . Even very mild or questionable @entity303 is associated with increased density of neocortical NPs that do not distinguish between clinically questionable vs definite @entity303 .

title: Regional distribution of @entity527 in the nondemented elderly and subjects with very mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'NP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathological lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: 1. The modulation of non- @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor-mediated whole cell currents and of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by purified Evans Blue (EB) was investigated in @entity35 cultured postnatal hippocampal neurones by use of patch clamp recordings and a fast drug application system. 2. Three different groups of neurones could be distinguished with respect to the type of modulation obtained with 10 microM EB: EB was either a predominant inhibitor of desensitization (13% of the neurones), a predominant inhibitor of current amplitudes (42%) or a mixed inhibitor of both properties (45%). Both effects were not use-dependent and reached maximal levels after 30 s of pre-equilibration with the @entity37531 dye. 3. Dose-response curves obtained from @entity2227 activated whole cell currents yielded an IC50 value for EB of 13.3 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.3) for the inhibition of desensitization, and an IC50 value of 10.7 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.2) for the inhibition of current amplitudes. 4. Chicago acid SS (100 microM) which is one of the synthesis precursors of EB had no effect on current amplitudes of @entity2227 activated whole cell currents but was a weak inhibitor of desensitization in all hippocampal neurones investigated, irrespective of the type of modulation obtained with EB in the same neurone. 5. Oxidatively modified EB (the so-called @entity57955 (10 microM)) had no effect on the kinetics but was a partial inhibitor of @entity2227 -activated whole cell currents in all hippocampal neurones investigated. 6. EB (10 microM) inhibited the amplitudes of non- @entity143 receptor mediated autaptic currents to the same extent (to 39 +/- 19% of control) as observed for @entity2227 activated whole cell currents (to 41 +/- 17% and 56 +/- 20%). However, the decay of the autaptic responses remained uninfluenced upon EB application, indicating that either receptor desensitization does not dominate the time course of the synaptic response or that the non- @entity143 receptors sensitive to modulation of desensitization by EB are not present in the postsynaptic membrane. 7. In conclusion, EB differentially modulates @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor gating in different subsets of neurones. Upon identification of the cellular determinants for the differential modulation (e.g. @entity140 receptor subunit composition) EB could become a useful tool to investigate receptor subtypes during electrophysiological recordings.

title: Differential modulation of XXXX receptor mediated currents by evans blue in postnatal @entity35 hippocampal neurones.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl -4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Current in vivo and in vitro data indicate that @entity1420 (P) is required for epithelial proliferation in mammary glands of adult @entity19 . P receptors ( @entity1061 ) in adult mammary glands are under estrogenic regulation. By contrast in immature, pubertal 5-week-old @entity19 , @entity1061 are present only in low concentration and cannot be increased by @entity172 (E). Having identified two different mammary gland developmental states with differing @entity1061 compositions, the purpose of the present studies was to investigate the roles of E-dependent and -independent @entity1061 in epithelial cell proliferation. DNA histoautoradiography was used to quantitate the effect of P on DNA synthesis; hormonal effects on mammary gland morphology were also assessed. The results demonstrate the P, rather than E, has a major role in stimulating epithelial DNA synthesis in the adult mammary gland. The morphological correlate of P's stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was increased ductal side-branching. We postulate that @entity18862 acting via E-dependent @entity1061 and that one important way in which E promotes epithelial cell proliferation in adult tissue is by its ability to increase @entity1061 concentration. In the immature mammary gland E rather than P is primarily responsible for stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation at this developmental stage. It appears likely that the absence of a predominant, P-mediated cell proliferative effect is related to the lack of E-dependent @entity1061 .

title: XXXX effects on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in normal @entity19 mammary glands.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity158 can hinder immunotherapy with anti-G(D2) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) like 3F8. Heat-modified 3F8 (HM3F8) lacks effector functions and could mask G(D2) or cross-reactive epitopes on nerves, thereby preventing a subsequent dose of unmodified 3F8 from activating @entity158 fibers. We hypothesized that 3F8 dose escalation is possible without increased analgesic requirements in @entity1 pretreated with HM3F8. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with resistant @entity521 ( @entity521 ) received one to two cycles of 3F8 plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 3F8 dosing began at 20 mg/m(2)/d and increased by 20 mg/m(2)/d in the absence of dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT). Premedication included analgesics, antihistamines, and 5-minute infusions of HM3F8. On the basis of experience with 3F8 10 mg/m(2)/d in prior protocols, the DLT of @entity158 was defined as more than seven doses of opioids administered within 2 hours. Opioid use was compared with a contemporary control group treated with 3F8 20 mg/m(2)/d but no HM3F8. Disease response was assessed. RESULTS: Treatment was administered in the outpatient setting. Dose escalation stopped at 160 mg/m(2)/d because of drug supply limitations; even through this dosage level, analgesic requirements were similar to historical controls, and there were no DLTs. Analgesic requirements at 3F8 dosage levels through 80 mg/m(2)/d were significantly less compared with controls. Anti- @entity521 activity occurred at all dosages. CONCLUSION: Multifold dose escalation of 3F8 is feasible. The findings can be interpreted as compatible with the possibility that HM3F8 can modify @entity137 without blunting anti- @entity521 activity. This @entity158 control strategy may help achieve dose escalation with other anti-G(D2) MoAbs.

title: Successful multifold dose escalation of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 in @entity1 with XXXX : a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: The bilateral communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems plays an essential role in modulating the adequate response of the @entity2339 to the stimulatory influence of interleukins (ILs). It is thus reasonable to assume that inappropriate responses of the @entity2339 to ILs might play a role in modulating the onset of pathological conditions such as @entity281 . As part of our programme aimed at investigating the ability of ILs to release pro-opiomelanocortin-like peptides and @entity2819 in @entity35 exposed to alcohol, we observed that this stimulatory action appeared to be influenced by the gender of the animals. We therefore examined the ability of @entity3426 , injected peripherally, to stimulate the @entity2339 as a function of stage of sexual maturation and the presence or absence of circulating sex @entity230 . In immature (21 to 22-day-old) @entity35 , both males and females responded to the i.p. administration of 0.5 or 2.0 micrograms @entity3426 /kg with statistically comparable increases in plasma ACTH levels. In contrast, females released significantly (P < 0.01) more @entity2819 in response to the lower dose of cytokine. Forty-day-old intact animals showed no sexual dimorphism in ACTH secretion, but the females again secreted significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) more @entity2819 . Gonadectomy, performed 7-8 days prior to the assay, increased the absolute amount of @entity2819 released over a 60-min period. A noticeable dimorphism of the ACTH response to @entity3426 became apparent in 70-day-old intact @entity35 , with females secreting more ACTH than males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Stimulatory effect of XXXX on the @entity2339 of the @entity35 : influence of age, gender and circulating sex @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['interleukin-1 beta']


abstract: Between 1977 and 1988, 67 @entity1 underwent surgical removal of residual metastatic deposits following an aggressive chemotherapy regimen ( @entity900 , @entity1891 , @entity1499 and @entity1732 alternating with @entity2879 , @entity4316 and @entity786 ) for disseminated germ cell @entity5 of the @entity1062 (stage IIB or above). Ninety-one surgical procedures were performed. There were 63 (69 per cent) retroperitoneal lymph node dissections, 16 (18 per cent) thoracotomies, three (3 per cent) hepatic resections, three (3 per cent) craniotomies, five (5 per cent) delayed orchidectomies and one anterolateral decompression of the vertebral column. Nine (13 per cent) @entity1 required a repeat retroperitoneal node dissection and one @entity1 needed a repeat thoracotomy to remove recurrent metastatic deposits during the period of follow-up. Multivisceral resections and vascular reconstruction procedures were required in 20 (30 per cent) @entity1 undergoing retroperitoneal node dissection. Fifty-five (82 per cent) @entity1 remain in complete remission with a mean follow-up period of 49.6 months (range 2-121 months). Nine (13 per cent) @entity1 died with metastatic disease between 2 months to 4 years after operation. There were three deaths in the perioperative period (4 per cent). The histology of the resected metastases revealed @entity5 in 20 (30 per cent) @entity1 , differentiated @entity44 in 29 (43 per cent) @entity1 and @entity82 / @entity39 in 18 (27 per cent) @entity1 . Twelve (60 per cent) @entity1 with undifferentiated elements and 15 @entity1 (60 per cent) with raised preoperative @entity5 markers (poor prognostic categories) are in complete remission. Cytoreductive surgery in @entity1 with metastatic germ cell @entity5 offers the best chance of remission following chemotherapy even in poor prognostic group categories.

title: Cytoreductive surgery in disseminated non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'undifferentiated active tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ), chemotherapy-induced @entity99 is associated with increased splenic volume, @entity882 , and decreased long-term survival. The current study investigates the relationship between change in splenic volume after preoperative chemotherapy and development of @entity260 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 80 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity14 ; half received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months before resection (n  = 40) and the other half did not (n  = 40). The study group was compared with two control groups: a normal group composed of @entity1 undergoing cholecystectomy for benign disease (n  = 40) and a group of untreated, nonmetastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 (n  = 40). Splenic volume was measured by CT/MRI volumetry. In the study group, the nontumoral liver was graded for @entity1560 and @entity130 ; operative and outcomes characteristics were also analyzed. RESULTS: Before chemotherapy, @entity14 @entity1 had normalized spleen volumes of 3.2    1.1 mL/kg, significantly higher than normal (2.5    0.8 mL/kg; p < 0.001) and nonmetastatic @entity14 (2.6     1.3 mL/kg; p < 0.05) @entity1 , with higher splenic volume after 6 months of chemotherapy (4.2    1.7 mL/kg; p < 0.01). After chemotherapy, splenic volume increase was associated with any perioperative complication (p < 0.01) and major complications (p < 0.05). @entity1 with >= 39% splenic volume increase (maximal chi-square test) were significantly more likely to have major complications (p < 0.01). Spleen volume changes were not correlated with change in platelet count (R(2)  = 0.03; p  = 0.301). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity14 , the presence of liver @entity3 and chemotherapy are associated with higher splenic volume. Percent splenic volume increase after 6 months of chemotherapy can aid preoperative risk stratification, as it was an independent predictor of major @entity260 .

title: Chemotherapy-induced splenic volume increase is independently associated with major complications after hepatic resection for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer liver metastases', 'CRCLM', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal injury']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We showed previously that the increased rate of mRNA turnover associated with premature translational termination in the @entity375 @entity375 requires a functional @entity14271 gene product. In this study, we show that the @entity14271 gene codes for a 109-kDa primary translation product whose function is not essential for growth. The protein contains a potential @entity219 -dependent nucleic acid-binding domain and a @entity9953 -binding domain. A 300- @entity535 segment of the @entity14271 protein is 36% identical to a segment of the @entity375 @entity12330 protein, which is required for endonucleolytic processing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs. The same region is 32% identical to a segment of @entity58348 , a @entity19 protein of unknown function. Dominant-negative @entity14271 mutations were isolated following in vitro mutagenesis of a plasmid containing the @entity14271 gene. They mapped exclusively at conserved positions within the sequence element common to all three proteins, whereas the recessive @entity14271 -2 mutation maps outside this region. The clustering of dominant-negative mutations suggests the presence of a functional domain in @entity14271 that may be shared by all three proteins. We also identified upf mutations in three other genes designated @entity14272 , @entity38547 , and UPF4. When alleles of each gene were screened for effects on mRNA accumulation, we found that the recessive mutation @entity38547 -1 causes increased accumulation of mRNA containing a premature stop codon. When mRNA half-lives were measured, we found that excess mRNA accumulation was due to mRNA stabilization. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the products of at least two genes, @entity14271 and @entity38547 , are responsible for the accelerated rate of mRNA decay associated with premature translational termination.

title: Gene products that promote mRNA turnover in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fluid resuscitation administered before @entity548 control for trauma victims sustaining penetrating @entity3511 is controversial. Our objective was to evaluate @entity190 and hemodynamic and metabolic effects of no fluid resuscitation, small-volume 7.5% @entity2827 /6% dextran-70 ( @entity22945 ), or large-volume lactated Ringer's (LR) solution during intra-abdominal @entity1317 and uncontrolled @entity548 . METHODS: In pentobarbital-anesthetized @entity235 (n = 26, 17 +/- 0.3 kg), a suture was placed through the common iliac artery to produce a 3-mm tear when the exteriorized suture lines were pulled after incision closure. @entity235 were randomized to three groups, according to the treatment used after 20 minutes of uncontrolled @entity548 : controls, no fluid resuscitation (CT group) (n = 6); the @entity22945 group (4 mL/kg over 4 minutes, n = 6); and the LR group (32 mL/kg over 15 minutes, n = 6). After 40 minutes of uncontrolled @entity548 , animals were killed, and @entity190 was measured. RESULTS: Eight @entity235 died from severe @entity548 before randomization and were excluded. After 20 minutes, animals presented lower blood pressure (approximately 35 mm Hg), low cardiac output (approximately 1.0 L/min/m(2)), and @entity520 (pH approximately 7.23, base excess approximately -9 mmol/L). After @entity22945 and LR solution, arterial pressure presented a transient increase, but remained below baseline. Two animals died before the end of the experiment, both in the LR group. Cardiac index was partially improved in the LR and @entity22945 groups, whereas the CT group sustained a low-flow state. There were no significant differences between groups regarding @entity190 (CT group, 47.8 +/- 5.9 mL/kg; @entity22945 group, 41.7 +/- 2.3 mL/kg; and LR group, 49.4 +/- 0.7 mL/kg). CONCLUSION: Fluid resuscitation with either large-volume LR solution or small-volume @entity22945 , during uncontrolled @entity548 from intra-abdominal @entity1317 , produced hemodynamic and metabolic benefits, without additional @entity190 , whereas no fluid resuscitation was associated with sustained low cardiac output and @entity551 .

title: Fluid resuscitation improves hemodynamics without increased XXXX in a model of uncontrolled @entity548 induced by an iliac artery tear in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the retinotoxic effect of @entity12683 , a powerful oxidative agent and a well-known cataractogenic agent. METHODS: A 10% solution of @entity12683 dissolved in paraffin oil was given every other day by gavage to 31 pigmented @entity95 for 5 weeks, at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight. Four @entity95 who received only paraffin oil served as controls. The eyes were clinically followed up by means of ophthalmoscopy and retinal fluorangiography. At selected intervals, the eyes were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The first lesions were focal and appeared in the periphery of the fundus about 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment and tended to spread over the entire retina. Histologically, there was a degeneration of photoreceptors, accompanied by a reaction and proliferation of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) that phagocytized the damaged visual cells. After about 3 months, the proliferation of @entity989 was followed by @entity2295 ( @entity2295 ). Both mature fenestrated and thick-walled non-fenestrated capillaries penetrated Bruch's membrane, enveloped by abundant fibrous extracellular matrix and accompanied by pericytes. As a consequence of this process, the retina was focally transformed into a "neovascular complex" in which a vascular plexus was intermingled with pseudo-acinar cavities lined by @entity989 . There were no signs of @entity2295 at retinal fluorangiography, possibly because of the dense microenvironment of extracellular matrix and @entity989 cells of the neovascular complexes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12683 degeneration of the @entity95 retina appears to be a simple model of photoreceptor vulnerability in the first stages of @entity2295 thereafter. The close chronologic and topographic relationship between the appearance of the anomalous vessels and @entity989 alteration and the close resemblance with previous models of experimental @entity2295 may support the hypothesis of an experimental model of @entity2295 triggered by the @entity989 .

title: @entity2295 after XXXX damage to the @entity95 retina.

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['SRN', 'subretinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['Naphthalene', 'naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity12683 :: (MESH:C031721,Chemical) :: ['naphthalene']


abstract: @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) peptide ( @entity21457 ) receptor antagonists proved to be effective in alleviating experimental @entity304 . Nonetheless, loss of effectiveness or even worsening of @entity304 have been observed at high doses. With the aim of clarifying the circuitry underlying the dual action of @entity21457 receptor antagonists and the role of endogenous @entity935 , the @entity21457 receptor antagonist @entity54059 (Compound 24) and the D(2)/D(3) receptor antagonist @entity11641 were used in @entity2955 hemilesioned @entity35 . Systemically administered Compound 24 improved motor activity in the 0.1-10mg/kg dose range being ineffective at 30 mg/kg. To confirm @entity21457 selectivity, Compound 24 improved motor performance in wild-type @entity19 at 1 and 10mg/kg and inhibited it at 60 mg/kg, being ineffective in @entity21457 receptor knockout @entity19 . To prove that the bell-shaped profile was mediated by nigral @entity21457 receptors, reverse dialysis of Compound 24 (0.03  M) in substantia nigra reticulata ameliorated @entity910 whereas Compound 24 (3  M) was ineffective. To demonstrate that motor responses were mediated by tuning inhibitory and excitatory inputs to nigro-thalamic neurons, the low concentration elevated @entity1246 and reduced @entity2227 in substantia nigra, simultaneously reducing @entity1246 levels in ventro-medial thalamus. Conversely, the higher concentration reduced nigral and elevated thalamic @entity1246 , without affecting nigral @entity2227 levels. Co-perfusion with @entity11641 (1  M) abolished the antiakinetic action of Compound 24 (0.03  M) and turned the ineffectiveness of Compound 24 (3  M) into an antiakinetic effect. The low concentration reduced nigral but did not affect thalamic @entity1246 whereas the higher concentration elevated nigral and reduced thalamic @entity1246 . Neither concentration affected nigral @entity2227 . We conclude that dual motor effects of Compound 24 in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 are accomplished through blockade of nigral @entity21457 receptors resulting in opposite modulation of nigro-thalamic neurons. Endogenous @entity935 contributes to these responses affecting the level of GABAergic inhibition of the nigral output via D(2)/D(3) receptors.

title: XXXX - @entity24661 / @entity24661 interactions in the substantia nigra reticulata of hemiparkinsonian @entity35 : involvement of D2/D3 receptors and impact on nigro-thalamic neurons and motor activity.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity54059 :: ('MESH:C543193', 'Chemical') :: ["1-benzyl-N-[3-[spiroisobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidin-1-yl]propyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide"]

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ectopic posterior pituitary lobe often occurs in @entity1 with @entity2338 and is part of the spectrum associated with @entity29377 . Some cases of @entity29377 are caused by homozygous mutations in the homeobox gene @entity23787 , whereas heterozygous mutations are associated with milder phenotypes. To date, @entity23787 is the only gene associated with ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. We describe an association between ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and @entity3664 in four @entity1 without classic features of @entity29377 and suggest possible mechanisms on the basis of a review of pituitary embryology and recent molecular genetic advances. METHODS: Among 20 @entity1 with ectopic posterior pituitary lobe, four had associated @entity3664 . We herein review the clinical and MR imaging findings of these four @entity1 . Mutation screening of @entity23787 was performed in two. RESULTS: All four @entity1 had @entity2338 . None had @entity16 . MR images showed a range of @entity4611 , with scattered discrete @entity3664 in each case. @entity854 were limited to small @entity362 and @entity15261 . A heterozygous @entity23787 mutation was present in one case. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and @entity3664 suggests they have a common underlying genetic basis that is due to gene expression at different locations and stages of development. The presence of a heterozygous @entity23787 mutation in one case suggests this gene is important in the development of both ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and @entity3664 and supports their place in the spectrum of @entity29377 . Further analysis of @entity23787 and other genes in related developmental pathways will elucidate their roles in the development of both @entity600 .

title: Ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and XXXX : cerebral malformations with the same underlying mechanism?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity29377 :: ('MESH:D025962', 'Disease') :: ['septo-optic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['visual or neurologic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar lipomas']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary appearances']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Other abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosal dysgenesis']

answer: @entity3664 :: (MESH:C548481,Disease) :: ['periventricular heterotopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 and @entity136 are active against @entity0 . The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly @entity1205 combined with weekly @entity136 in @entity1 with chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were enrolled, of whom thirty had received prior chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting, seven for @entity3 , and two for both, including prior @entity4349 in 33 @entity1 . Treatment was @entity136 800 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 and @entity1205 100 mg/M2 on day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks. RESULTS: Response rate was 79% (95% confidence interval (CI): 63%-91%), with 2 complete and 29 partial responses. Twenty-five of the responders remained progression-free for more than six months. Median survival was 24.5 months. Delivered dose intensity of @entity136 was lower than expected (63% of planned). The predominant hematologic @entity137 was grade 4 @entity1398 in 36 @entity1 , complicated by fever in three @entity1 . With the exception of @entity1395 , severe @entity1503 were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly @entity1205 , combined with weekly @entity136 , has significant but manageable hematologic @entity137 . Despite frequent dose adjustments, this doublet is very active in metastatic @entity0 , producing a high proportion of durable responses associated with favorable survival.

title: Monthly @entity1205 and weekly XXXX in metastatic @entity0 : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity18896 (MVC) is a member of the genus Bocavirus in the family Parvoviridae. We have molecularly cloned and sequenced the 5'- and 3'-terminal palindromes of MVC. The MVC genome, 5,404 @entity2036 (nt) in length, shared an identity of 52.6% and 52.1% with that of @entity11332 and @entity15882 , respectively. It had distinct palindromic hairpins of 183 nt and 198 nt at the left-end and right-end termini of the genome, respectively. The left-end terminus was also found in two alternative orientations (flip or flop). Both termini shared extensive similarities with those of @entity15882 . Four full-length molecular clones constructed with different orientations of the left-end terminus proved to be infectious in Walter Reed @entity235 cell/3873D (WRD) @entity235 cells. Both @entity778 and transfection of the infectious clone in WRD cells revealed an identical RNA transcription profile that was similar to that of @entity15882 . Mutagenesis of the infectious clone demonstrated that the middle open reading frame encodes the @entity12867 protein. This protein, unique to the genus Bocavirus, was essential for MVC DNA replication. Moreover, the @entity3900 motif in the VP1 unique region was also critical for @entity778 . Thus, our studies revealed important information about the genus Bocavirus that may eventually help us to clone the @entity11332 and study its pathogenesis.

title: Molecular characterization of infectious clones of the XXXX reveals unique features of bocaviruses.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['MVC infection']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity11332 :: ('329641', 'Species') :: ['human bocavirus']

entities_list: @entity15882 :: ('10784', 'Species') :: ['bovine parvovirus']

entities_list: @entity18896 :: ('329639', 'Species') :: ['Minute virus of canines']

answer: @entity18896 :: (329639,Species) :: ['minute virus of canines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) is a @entity32 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the @entity6688 levels in @entity1 with @entity1902 and to evaluate the possible relationship between @entity6688 and severity of @entity1902 . METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity1902 and healthy controls were enrolled in this study. @entity1 were classified into three disease severity groups based on their Vesikari score (<7 mild, 7-10 moderate and >11 severe). Rotavirus was determined in fresh stool samples using ELISA test. Leukocyte and platelet counts, @entity6688 and C-reactive protein ( @entity1851 ) levels were assessed for all @entity1 . FINDINGS: A total of 151 @entity1 with @entity1902 (mean age 2.41   0.14 years) and 80 healthy controls (mean age 2.63  0.22 years, P=0.129) were enrolled. @entity6688 levels of @entity1 with @entity1902 were significantly lower than those of healthy peers (7.48  0.04 vs 7.79  0.07 fl, P=0.000). @entity6688 levels were not significantly different among three @entity1902 groups. @entity1902 score was positively correlated with leukocyte (r=0.670, P<0.01) and platelet count (r=0.159, P<0.05) and @entity1851 level (r=0.256, P<0.01) in @entity1 group. @entity6688 was inversely correlated with platelet count. There was no significant correlation between @entity6688 and @entity1902 score. CONCLUSION: @entity6688 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1902 compared to controls. @entity6688 can be used as a negative acute phase reactant in @entity1 with @entity1902 .

title: Mean platelet volume as a negative marker of @entity32 in XXXX with @entity1902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'rotavirus gastroenteritis', 'Gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Fever is frequently a symptom in @entity1 suffering from @entity5 and in most cases it is related to @entity281 or complications of the treatment. Some @entity5 can also be the direct cause of @entity221 . A total of 28 episodes of @entity221 in 8 @entity1 with @entity5 were studied. The diagnoses were: 3 @entity1 with @entity2 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1860 , 1 @entity1 with @entity703 , 2 @entity1 with @entity1893 , and 1 @entity1 with @entity978 . Were included @entity5 diagnosed @entity1 of any age and sex, with three or more episodes of @entity221 of more than 37.5 C (with a case of 38.5 C or more) after having eliminated any infectious etiology or @entity221 caused by drugs. Were not excluded any @entity1 who had received whole blood or blood derivative transfusions, chemotherapy or antibiotic treatment up to 48 hs before the @entity221 peak. The @entity1 were given intramuscularly 500 mg of @entity117 or 50 mg of @entity3352 . The first response in the temperature curve was evaluated while checking the axillary temperature six hours after drug administration and 48 hs later if the @entity221 persisted. The @entity1 who were given @entity117 at first, were then given @entity3352 and vice versa, using the same criteria to evaluate the response. In @entity1 treated with @entity3352 the temperature diminished quickly and completely (Fig. 1), unlike the effect achieved with the use of @entity117 (Fig. 2). All @entity1 treated with @entity3352 also showed a remarkable clinical improvement which was not observed when @entity117 was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Antipyretic effect of @entity3352 vs @entity117 in @entity221 of XXXX origin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of @entity75 demands the application of simple and effective surgical techniques with the possibility of performing a histopathologic examination with an acceptable cosmetic outcome. However, recurrence rates and the cosmetic result should be taken into account because the main reason for these lesions to be removed is the @entity1 's cosmetic improvement. The present study evaluates the results obtained by shave excision of benign pigmented lesions in terms of cosmetic outcome, recurrence rates, and complications from both a subjective and an objective point of view. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Shave excision of common acquired @entity8205 was performed. The @entity1 were reviewed 3 months after surgery to evaluate the objective and subjective cosmetic results, recurrences, and postsurgical complications. RESULTS: Over a 12-week period, 204 common acquired @entity8205 were shaved. Objective evaluation revealed excellent results in one-third (32.8%) of the lesions excised, with a poor result in 8.3%. The likelihood of having an imperceptible @entity2318 was significantly greater in lesions excised from the face (p < .05). Ninety-eight percent of @entity1 (n = 192) declared that "the @entity2318 looked better than the original mole." Clinical and dermatoscopic recurrences were observed in 40 scars (19.6%). DISCUSSION: An acceptable cosmetic result, along with a low rate of recurrence, should be the aim of the surgical treatment of @entity75 . The results obtained in this series allow us to provide more detailed and accurate information regarding the outcome and complications expected.

title: Shave excision of common acquired XXXX : cosmetic outcome, recurrences, and complications.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['melanocytic nevi']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of low dose vs. varying doses of hyperbaric @entity1341 in spinal anesthesia for endoscopic urological procedures. METHODS: Sixty consecutive @entity1 were studied in a randomized prospective manner. They received either of 5 (Gr I), 7.5 (Gr II) or 10 mg (Gr III) of hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% combined with 25 microg of @entity3575 , through a 25-gauge W hitacre spinal needle placed in the L3-L4 interspace. Characteristics of sensory and @entity616 , dose of @entity6358 required, secondary effects, the @entity1 , and the surgeons satisfaction, were noted. RESULTS: The maximum number of blocked segments was 14 +/- 1 (Gr I), 15 +/- 2 (Gr II) and 16 +/- 2 (Gr III). Time to T12 regression was significantly shorter for Gr I (53 +/- 13 min) than for Gr II (69 +/- 20 min) or Gr III (94 +/- 14 min). Bromage 3 block was not found in Gr I compared to 4 @entity1 in Gr II and 15 @entity1 in Gr III. The duration of @entity616 was shorter in Gr 1(51 +/- 18 min) than in Gr II (86 +/- 19 min) and in Gr III (138 +/- 21 min). @entity6358 was used for 16 @entity1 in Gr III (9.8 +/- 12.2 mg), 5 @entity1 in Gr II (3.7 +/- 7.8 mg) and 2 @entity1 in Gr I (0.5 +/- 1.5 mg). The difference is statistically significant between Gr III and the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of a low dose of @entity1341 (5 mg) added to @entity3575 (25 microg) for endoscopic urological surgery, resulted in short-acting sensory block, without @entity616 and a lower incidence of cardiovascular side effects, as compared to either of 7.5 or 10 mg @entity1341 with 25 microg @entity3575 .

title: Spinal anesthesia for endoscopic urological surgery--low dose vs. varying doses of hyperbaric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['Ephedrine', 'ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity420 arising from @entity1870 uteri are rare. This study reports four such cases and characterizes them clinically and microscopically. In all four @entity1 , the endometrial cytology was negative, and MR imaging and ultrasound sonography did not detect the @entity5 preoperatively. The histological subtypes of the four @entity5 were endometrioid (one grade 1, one grade 3), serous, and clear cell. In three cases, the @entity420 were present exclusively in the myometrium, and a transition between the @entity189 and the adenomyotic glands was observed in all cases. The eutopic endometrium was normal except in one case in which there was a small focus of @entity189 . In two of four cases, pelvic or paraaortic lymph node @entity3 were present. In the @entity189 , ER immunoreactivity was not found in any @entity5 and PR positivity was found in only one @entity5 . In contrast, @entity876 immunopositivity was found in three of four @entity189 . @entity420 arising from @entity1870 are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and their aggressive behavior in some cases seems to be related to the histological subtype.

title: @entity420 arising from uterine XXXX : a report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus. Liver is the most commonly involved organ followed by the lungs. @entity18768 can be primary or secondary. The disease may be asymptomatic for several years. Cause of concern is the fatal anaphylaxis, which may be life threatening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study is over a period of ten years (2003-2012). The demographic data including the clinical features, radiological findings, other organ involvement, surgical and medical management done and histopathological findings were compiled from the records. RESULTS: During the study period a total of eight cases, five male and three female, with age ranging from eight to 43 years were diagnosed as @entity358 . Five @entity1 had presented with complicated cysts. Six @entity1 had solitary cysts involving the lung while bilateral lung involvement was seen in two cases. One @entity1 had multiple @entity358 . Three @entity1 had associated cysts in liver and two in spleen. Surgical lobectomy was done in four cases. Histopathology showed acellular laminated ectocysts in all the cases, whereas endocyst with brood capsules was seen in five cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18768 is not uncommon. Anaphylaxis, although rarely seen, may be a disastrous event. High index of clinical suspicion and mass awareness for interruption of transmission of parasite can lead to proper treatment and possible eradication.

title: XXXX in a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hydatid disease', 'pulmonary cysts']

entities_list: @entity18768 :: ('MESH:D004445', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hydatidosis']

answer: @entity18768 :: (MESH:D004445,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary hydatidosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Functional outcomes in laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal @entity254 have been incompletely studied. More than one-year follow-up has rarely been reported in these @entity1 . This study was designed to assess operative, functional, and quality of life outcomes in @entity1 with @entity31 or @entity1412 a minimum of one year after. METHODS: Thirty-three laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal @entity254 and 33 open ileal pouch-anal @entity254 @entity1 , with a median of 13 months and minimum of 12 months follow-up, were identified from a prospective, laparoscopic database. Functional outcome was prospectively assessed by using a standardized survey. These cohorts were matched by individual @entity1 for year of surgery, age, gender, body mass index, and indication. RESULTS: Median age was 27 years (open) and 28 years (laparoscopic). There were 27 females and 6 males in each group. All operations occurred between 1999 and 2001. Median body mass index was 22.3 (open) and 21.7 (laparoscopic) groups. There were no significant differences in diagnosis, use of diversion, and anastomotic technique. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 6 percent of the laparoscopic cases and 12 percent of the open cases. Functional outcome after a minimum of one year revealed equivalent median day and median nocturnal number of stools of six to seven and one to two respectively. Consistency of stool, medication usage, and continence were no different between groups. Daytime and nocturnal incontinence was similar. Quality of life in regard to social, home life, family, travel, sports, recreation, and sex life were equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The function and quality of life outcomes for @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal @entity254 seem to be equivalent to our open experience. Laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal @entity254 offers selected @entity1 a safe, feasible, and durable alternative.

title: Laparoscopic-assisted vs. open ileal pouch-anal XXXX : functional outcome in a case-matched series.

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: This article provides an overview of previous analysis and reanalysis of the American @entity5 Society (ACS) cohort, along with an indication of current ongoing analyses of the cohort with additional follow-up information through to 2000. Results of the first analysis conducted by Pope et al. (1995) showed that higher average @entity597 levels were associated with increased mortality, particularly from @entity66 . A reanalysis of the ACS cohort, undertaken by Krewski et al. (2000), found the original risk estimates for fine-particle and @entity597 air pollution to be highly robust against alternative statistical techniques and spatial modeling approaches. A detailed investigation of covariate effects found a significant modifying effect of education with risk of mortality associated with fine particles declining with increasing educational attainment. Pope et al. (2002) subsequently reported results of a subsequent study using an additional 10 yr of follow-up of the ACS cohort. This updated analysis included gaseous copollutant and new fine-particle measurements, more comprehensive information on occupational exposures, dietary variables, and the most recent developments in statistical modeling integrating random effects and nonparametric spatial smoothing into the Cox proportional hazards model. Robust associations between ambient fine particulate air pollution and elevated risks of @entity2 mortality were clearly evident, providing the strongest evidence to date that long-term exposure to fine particles is an important health risk. Current ongoing analysis using the extended follow-up information will explore the role of ecologic, economic, and, demographic covariates in the particulate air pollution and mortality association. This analysis will also provide insight into the role of spatial autocorrelation at multiple geographic scales, and whether critical instances in time of exposure to fine particles influence the risk of mortality from @entity2 . Information on the influence of covariates at multiple scales and of critical exposure time windows can assist policymakers in establishing timelines for regulatory interventions that maximize population health benefits.

title: Mortality and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution: ongoing analyses based on the American XXXX Society cohort.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Cardura XL (doxazosin mesylate controlled release tablets) on lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS (international prognostic scoring system) and short-term QOL (quality of life) (3 months) in the treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: From July 2008 to February 2009, 80 male @entity1067 @entity1 with a mean age of 70.5 years old (range: 62-82) were prospectively recruited to receive a daily dose of Cardura XL 4 mg for 3 months. Clinical parameters of IPSS QOL, Qmax (maximum flow rate), residual urine, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and 3 months after treatment. Paired t test was performed on the corresponding data. And therapeutic efficacy and side effects were analyzed according to the statistical results. RESULTS: All 80 @entity1 finished a 3-month medical regimen. Between pre-treatment and 3 months after medication, paired t test was performed on the corresponding data of maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine, IPSS, QOL, blood pressure and heart rate. Significant differences were observed in all corresponding data (P < 0.001) except heart rate (P = 0.685). Furthermore analyses were performed on the corresponding IPSS and QOL between one month and 3 months after treatment. Significant improvement was also observed in IPSS and QOL after a longer medication (P < 0.001). Transient side effects were observed in 16 @entity1 (20%): @entity10 (n = 8, 10%), @entity1295 (n = 4, 5%) and @entity1296 (n = 4, 5%). No @entity1 withdrew from the study. CONCLUSION: Cardura XL, at a daily dose of 4 mg daily for 3 months, is a safe and effective regimen in @entity1067 @entity1 . Significant improvement is observed for lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS and QOL. A longer medication may lead to further improvement of IPSS and QOL. After dosing, both @entity551 fall down significantly. No significant effect on heart rate is found. And most @entity1 have an excellent tolerance.

title: [Clinical efficacy of a short-term regimen of Cardura XL on lower urinary tract symptoms and international prognostic scoring system in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']