abstract: Infections are a common threat to @entity1 after @entity1566 . Furthermore, @entity281 might propagate @entity528 , and consequently contribute to the restriction of neurological recovery. We investigated the association of @entity281 (i.e. @entity6081 ) with functional neurological outcome after acute severe traumatic @entity1566 . We screened data sets of 24 762 @entity1 enrolled in a prospective cohort study (National @entity1566 Database, Birmingham, AL, USA). @entity1 were assessed according to the ASIA classification. @entity73 scale-classified A and B @entity1 recruited within 24 h post- @entity130 (n = 1436) were selected as being a major recruitment population for interventional trials. @entity1 with documented @entity6081 (n = 581) were compared with control subjects (non-documented @entity281 , n = 855). The functional neurological outcome parameters (i) upward @entity73 scale conversions; (ii) gain of ASIA motor scores; and (iii) gain of motor and sensory levels were consecutively analysed over time up to 1 year after @entity1566 . The group with @entity6081 revealed less @entity73 scale upward conversions after 1 year than the control group ( @entity73 scale A: 17.2 versus 23.9%, P = 0.03; @entity73 scale B: 57.1 versus 74.7%, P = 0.009). ASIA motor score gain [median (interquartile range)] was lower in @entity1 with @entity281 [ @entity73 scale A: 8 (4-12) versus 10 (5-17), P = 0.01; @entity73 scale B: 19.5 (8-53.5) versus 42 (20.5-64), P = 0.03)]. Analysis of acquired motor/sensory levels supported these findings. In @entity73 scale A @entity1 , the gain in motor levels (21.7 versus 33.3%, P = 0.04) and sensory levels (24.4 versus 38 of 102, 37.3%, P = 0.03) was significantly lower in the group with @entity6081 than in the control group. Multiple regression analysis identified @entity6081 as independent risk factors for @entity73 scale upward conversion (odds ratio: 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.36-2.63, P < 0.0005) or lower gain in ASIA motor score (regression coefficient: -8.21, 95% confidence interval: -12.29 to -4.14, P < 0.0005). Infections associated with @entity1566 , such as @entity6081 , qualify as independent risk factors for poor neurological outcome after motor complete @entity1566 . Infections constitute a clinically relevant target for protecting the limited endogenous functional regeneration capacity. Upcoming interventional trials might gain in efficacy with improved @entity1 stratification and might benefit from complementary protection of the intrinsic recovery potential after @entity1566 .

title: Functional neurological recovery after @entity1566 is impaired in XXXX with @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia and/or postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ASIA impairment', 'impaired ASIA impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Are the risks of @entity1699 , transposition of great arteries, @entity215 ( @entity215 ) and @entity1498 increased in @entity1 conceived by different assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs)? STUDY ANSWER: ARTs, and particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are specifically associated with a higher risk of @entity215 . WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN: ARTs are associated with an increase in the overall risk of @entity600 . The risk for @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) associated with ARTs has been evaluated as a whole but there is limited information on the risks for specific @entity4297 . STUDY DESIGN, MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study using population-based data from the Paris registry of @entity600 for the period 1987-2009 and a cohort study of CHD (EPICARD) on 1583 cases of @entity4297 and 4104 malformed controls with no known associations with ARTs. ARTs included ovulation induction only, IVF and ICSI. RESULTS: Exposure to ARTs was significantly higher for @entity215 than controls (6.6 versus 3.5%, P = 0.002); this was not the case for the other three @entity4297 . ARTs (all methods combined) were associated with a 2.4-fold higher odds of @entity215 after adjustment for maternal characteristics, paternal age and year of birth [adjusted odds ratios (OR): 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-3.7] with the highest risk associated with ICSI (adjusted OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-8.9). No statistically significant associations were found for the other @entity4297 . LIMITATIONS: Our study cannot disentangle to what extent the observed associations between the risk of @entity215 and ARTs are due to causal effects of ARTs and/or the underlying @entity249 problems of couples who conceive following ART. IMPLICATIONS: The developmental basis of the specific association between the risk of @entity215 and ARTs need to be further investigated.

title: The risk for four specific XXXX associated with assisted reproductive techniques: a population-based evaluation.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the management of @entity788 are based on the assumption that these lesions can be classified correctly on the basis of features of cross-sectional imaging. However, a certain degree of overlap between different lesions exists, and little is known about the rate of inaccurate preoperative diagnoses. To address this issue, preoperative and final pathologic diagnoses of @entity1 resected for a presumed @entity788 were compared. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was undertaken of @entity1 managed operatively between 2000 and 2010. Preoperative workup was reviewed to identify diagnostic pitfalls and potential risk factors for incorrect preoperative characterization of @entity5409 presumed to be neoplastic. RESULTS: We analyzed 476 @entity1 . Final pathologic diagnosis matched the preoperative diagnosis in 78% of cases. The highest accuracy was reached for solid @entity5 (95%) and for main duct/mixed duct intraductal @entity4929 (81%). Surprisingly, 23 cysts (5%) were found to be @entity420 , whereas 45 @entity1 (9%) underwent a pancreatic resection for a non-neoplastic condition. The use of a routine radiologic workup, including contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, was associated with a favorably correct characterization of the @entity5409 . Endoscopic ultrasonography did not seem to improve diagnostic accuracy. Increased levels of serum @entity1735 antigen (CA)19-9 resulted as risk factors for an incorrect diagnosis as well as for a final diagnosis of a @entity420 . CONCLUSION: The overall rate of inaccurate preoperative diagnoses in a tertiary care center with a broad experience in pancreatology approached 22%. Serum CA19-9 is an important complementary tool within the context of preoperative investigation of @entity788 .

title: Pancreatic resections for cystic XXXX : from the surgeon's presumption to the pathologist's reality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic neoplasm', 'pancreatic cystic neoplasms', 'cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion', 'cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopapillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: Convenient and reliable multiple organ @entity3 model systems might contribute to understanding the mechanism(s) of @entity3 of @entity2 , which may lead to overcoming @entity3 and improvement in the treatment outcome of @entity2 . We isolated a highly metastatic subline, PC14HM, from the @entity1 @entity420 cell line, PC14, using an in vivo selection method. The expression of 34,580 genes was compared between PC14HM and parental PC14 by cDNA microarray analysis. Among the differentially expressed genes, expression of four genes in @entity1 @entity2 tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues were compared using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Although BALB/c @entity19 inoculated with parental PC14 cells had few @entity3 , almost all @entity19 inoculated with PC14HM cells developed @entity3 in multiple organs, including the lung, bone and adrenal gland, the same progression seen in @entity1 @entity2 . cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 981 genes were differentially (more than 3-fold) expressed between the two cell lines. Functional classification revealed that many of those genes were associated with cell growth, cell communication, development and transcription. Expression of three upregulated genes ( @entity20800 , @entity55504 and @entity21219 ) was higher in @entity1 @entity5 tissue compared to normal lung tissue, while expression of @entity6975 , which was downregulated, was lower in the @entity5 tissue compared to the normal lung. These results suggest that the newly established PC14HM cell line may provide a @entity19 model of widespread @entity3 of @entity2 . This model system may provide insights into the key genetic determinants of widespread @entity3 of @entity2 .

title: Establishment of a @entity1 XXXX cell line with high metastatic potential to multiple organs: gene expression associated with metastatic potential in @entity1 @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity413 infusion test (GIT) is a new method to measure vascular access recirculation (R) based on basal @entity413 increase in the arterial blood line after a 20% @entity413 bolus (5 ml) into the venous chamber. METHODS: We compared GIT with the ultrasound dilution method (HD01, Transonic Systems Inc., USA) in a circuit reproducing in vitro the phenomenon of R. We repeated the comparison in 162 chronic haemodialysis @entity1 (133 fistulae, 17 central venous catheters, 12 prosthetic grafts). RESULTS: In vitro, we determined the timing for C2 sampling: QB 200 ml/min, C2 16-20 s; QB 300 ml/min, C2 13-17 s; QB 400 ml/min, C2 9-12 s. GIT showed no false positives nor false negatives (100% specificity and sensitivity) while HD01 did not recognize three cases with R=5% (91% sensitivity) and it yielded no false positive (100% specificity). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.2+/-1.3% and 1.3+/-2.9% for GIT and HD01, respectively. In vivo, only 16 out of 162 @entity1 were found positive with both methods (GIT 13.5+/-13%; HD01 16.3+/-15%; P=NS) while three @entity1 with minimal R (GIT 3.2%) were not recognized by HD01 although a low R peak was clearly evident and repeatable on the laptop plot. The Bland-Altman analysis showed an overall bias of 0.2+/-1.7% to the limits of agreement=-3.1 and 3.6% (n=162) and no correlation between the difference and the mean of positive tests. The pooled coefficient of variation of positive cases was 13.3 and 18.1% for GIT and HD01, respectively. DISCUSSION: Our in vitro study showed a good performance of GIT and its better sensitivity compared to HD01. These results were confirmed in vivo with only 3/162 discordant results due to a low R under the HD01 limit of detection (R=5%). In conclusion, the GIT proved to be a very accurate screening test for R, with a very low threshold of detection. In addition, it is simple, user-friendly and inexpensive.

title: XXXX infusion test (GIT) compared with the saline dilution technology in recirculation measurements.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose', 'glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: In the subgroup of @entity6 @entity1 who are destined to develop the full spectrum of the clinical syndrome of @entity2316 , the kidney is afflicted with a series of distinct @entity75 principally involving the extracellular matrices. @entity2316 is characterized by @entity1184 of both glomerular and tubular elements, progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the glomerular mesangium, and thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes. Albeit less well recognized, progressive @entity82 is also a feature of the syndrome. Irrespective of pathogenetic mechanisms (be they metabolic, hemodynamic, or genetic), the structural changes involving the renal extracellular matrix compartments are believed to be the basis for the appearance of overt dysfunction, namely, @entity644 , @entity101 , and @entity177 . Therefore, a full understanding of the mechanisms that culminate in irreversible @entity177 requires a closer inspection of the status of the extracellular matrix in @entity6 . This review outlines the different structural changes that typically occur during the course of the disease. Both glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes are reviewed. Valuable structural-functional correlations have been derived from examining kidney specimens obtained from @entity1 with a wide spectrum of disease stages. Experimental animal models, supplanted with recent investigations in tissue culture on the effect of high ambient @entity413 levels, have increased our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the disordered matrix composition. Alterations in the metabolism of the collagens, proteoglycans, and other matrix constituents are reviewed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The extracellular matrix in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural lesions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity1 accurately read other @entity1 ' emotional facial expressions. Little research was found examining @entity1 ability to read @entity235 ' expressions. Cross-species research extended facial expression research to @entity831 , and there is much research on @entity235 ' auditory signaling to @entity1 . To explore @entity1 ' ability to identify @entity235 ' facial displays, photographs of a @entity235 's face were taken under behaviorally defined conditions expected to elicit specific emotions. @entity235 experts consistently rated these photographs. The photographs rated as best by experts were used as stimuli for @entity1 experienced and inexperienced with @entity235 . Both groups were able to read the @entity235 's emotions. @entity2121 , experienced @entity1 were less accurate reading @entity146 . Experienced @entity1 were better identifying behaviorally defined situations. Research using behaviorally anchored, standardized photographs is recommended.

title: Classifying XXXX ' ( @entity235 ) facial expressions from photographs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'people', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether inhaled @entity842 (NO) affected the intrapulmonary production of NO, reactive @entity26 species, and nuclear factor-kappaB in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of @entity647 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, laboratory study. SETTING: Experimental laboratory at a biomedical institute. SUBJECTS: Twenty male @entity95 weighing 2.5-3.5 kg. INTERVENTIONS: Saline or LPS (5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously with or without NO inhalation (10 ppm) in each group of five @entity95 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: LPS increased the lung leak index, the neutrophils and NO levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and NO levels produced by resting and stimulated alveolar macrophages. Inhaled NO decreased the lung leak index, the neutrophils and NO levels as measured by @entity3542 levels in the lavage fluid, and NO produced by the resting and stimulated alveolar macrophages. Inhaled NO also blocked the activities of reactive @entity26 species and nuclear factor-kappaB binding to DNA in lavage cells and in alveolar macrophages. CONCLUSION: Inhaled NO attenuates LPS-induced @entity647 , possibly by decreasing NO production in the lungs. The mechanism of reducing NO production resulting from inhaled NO may involve, in part, the activities of reactive @entity26 species and/or nuclear factor-kappaB.

title: Inhaled @entity842 down-regulates intrapulmonary @entity842 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left atrial macroreentrant @entity591 (LAMRT) has not been characterized in detail. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with LAMRT, including 4 @entity1 with ablated typical @entity956 ( @entity956 ), underwent electroanatomic mapping of the left atrium (LA) between February 1999 and October 2001. LA maps were performed during LAMRT in 26 @entity1 and during sinus rhythm in 2 @entity1 . Electrically silent areas or continuous lines of double potentials were identified as acquired anatomic barriers in all @entity1 . In 23 of 26 @entity1 with LAMRT mapping, 42 reentry circuits with a protected isthmus were identified. The isthmus was 11.8+/-5.9 mm wide, with the maximal amplitude of 0.07 to 3.61 mV. Radiofrequency pulses terminated all LAMRTs in 23 @entity1 and resulted in conduction block across the isthmus in 20 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 with sinus mapping, all identified isthmuses were ablated. Additionally, @entity956 was induced and ablated in 6 @entity1 . @entity591 recurred in 4 @entity1 : 3 @entity1 without validated block across the isthmus presented with recurrence of the same LAMRT, and 1 @entity1 without ablated cavotricuspid isthmus presented with @entity956 . All @entity591 were abolished during a second procedure. Of 25 @entity1 with identified isthmuses, 20 @entity1 were without @entity943 and 5 had only @entity955 during a median follow-up of 14 months. CONCLUSION: The reentry circuit with a protected isthmus can be identified in 89% @entity1 with LAMRT by electroanatomic mapping. The isthmuses were amenable to radiofrequency applications in most @entity1 . No @entity591 recurred in any @entity1 with @entity616 .

title: Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant @entity591 : critical XXXX can prevent @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'Atrial tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['isthmus block']


abstract: This study was designed to determine the effects of a membrane permeant phosphodiesterase-resistant analog of @entity6708 on lung liquid production and pulmonary blood flow at the time of birth. Experiments were performed on seven fetal @entity742 prepared for chronic measurements of lung liquid production (Jv), pulmonary blood flow (Qp) and pressure, as well as systemic pressure. Injection of either @entity8263 or saline were made via a catheter inserted in the @entity358 . Experiments consisted of 1 h of control, 1 h of infusion, and 2 h of recovery. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. After infusion of @entity8263 , Jv was decreased by 70 and 44% from control in h 3 and 4, respectively. Qp was elevated by 100 mL/min in h 2 and 3 and continued to be elevated by 50 mL/min in h 4. Saline infused animals showed no significant changes in Qp and Jv. This study demonstrates that @entity8263 decreases lung liquid production and increases pulmonary blood flow in near term fetal @entity742 . Although blood flow increased in h 2, lung liquid production did not decrease at this time, suggesting a time dissociation between changes in pulmonary blood flow and lung liquid production. Thus, it is possible that a common transduction pathway involving @entity6708 may be responsible for lung liquid reduction and elevation of pulmonary blood flow at birth. However, Qp and Jv may not be causally related.

title: The effects of @entity6708 on fetal XXXX pulmonary blood flow and lung liquid production.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: @entity6 characterized by @entity2298 , low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , and often elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 with predominance of small, dense LDL is a strong risk factor for @entity731 . It is unclear whether fibrate or @entity1780 therapy is more effective in these @entity1 . We compared @entity2993 (10 mg/day) with @entity3724 (200 mg/day), each for 6 weeks separated by a 6-week washout period in 13 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; mean age 60.0+/-6.8 years; body mass index 30.0+/-3.0 kg/m2) with @entity6 (hemoglobin A1c 7.3+/-1.1%) and @entity5522 (LDL @entity165 164.0+/-37.8 mg/dl, @entity1674 259.7+/-107 mg/dl, HDL @entity165 48.7+/-11.0 mg/dl) using a randomized, crossover design. Lipid profiles, LDL subfraction distribution, fasting plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, and fibrinogen concentrations were determined before and after each drug. @entity2993 decreased all LDL subfractions (LDL @entity165 , -29%; p <0.01) including small, dense LDL. @entity3724 predominantly decreased @entity412 concentrations ( @entity1674 , -39%; p <0.005) and induced a shift in LDL subtype distribution from small, dense LDL (-31%) to intermediate-dense LDL (+36%). The concentration of small, dense LDL was comparable during therapy to both drugs ( @entity2993 62.8+/-19.5 mg/dl, @entity3724 63.0+/-18.1 mg/dl). Both drugs induced an increase in HDL @entity165 ( @entity2993 +10%, p <0.05; @entity3724 +11%, p = 0.06). In addition, @entity3724 decreased fibrinogen concentration (-15%, p <0.01) associated with a decrease in plasma viscosity by 3% (p <0.01) and improved red cell aggregation by 15% (p <0.05), whereas @entity2993 did not affect any hemorheologic parameter. We conclude that @entity2993 and @entity3724 can improve lipoprotein metabolism in type 2 @entity6 . However, the medications affect different aspects of lipoprotein metabolism.

title: Effects of XXXX versus @entity3724 on lipoprotein profiles, low-density lipoprotein subfraction distribution, and hemorheologic parameters in @entity6 with @entity5522 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetic dyslipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['mixed hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proved effective against superficial @entity150 and focal and @entity189 in situ. Effective topical administration of the sensitiser would be a welcome improvement. The morphological effects of PDT on the normal bladder were examined in 13 @entity95 when 2 photosensitisers (Photofrin II and Photosan III) were applied intravesically (5 mg/kg for 1 h) and compared with intravenous administration (3 or 5 mg/kg). Four animals served as controls without a sensitiser. Intravesical red light (630 nm) from an argon dye laser was used to activate the photosensitiser, using light doses of 12 or 24 J/cm2. The animals were sacrificed either 1 or 5 to 7 days after the laser treatment. Intravenous dosage induced bladder wall @entity4 / @entity548 and total @entity39 of the epithelium. There was no difference between the effects of the 2 sensitisers. Intravesical application induced superficial @entity39 . The control animals treated with laser light alone showed slight superficial injury to the cell layer.

title: Morphological effects of photodynamic therapy on XXXX bladder using Photofrin II and Photosan intravesically and intravenously.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'epithelial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder tumours']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Short-term treatment with subcutaneous low-molecular-mass heparin in addition to @entity117 is effective in unstable @entity453 . We assessed the efficacy of long-term treatment with @entity16960 in @entity1 managed with a non-invasive treatment strategy. METHODS: 2267 @entity1 from three Scandinavian countries (median age 67 years, 68% @entity1 ) with unstable @entity453 were randomly assigned to continue double-blind subcutaneous @entity16960 twice daily or placebo for 3 months, after at least 5 days' treatment with open-label @entity16960 . The composite primary endpoint was @entity204 or @entity583 . Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: During the 3 months of double-blind treatment, there was a non-significant decrease in the composite endpoint of @entity204 or @entity583 of 6.7% and 8.0% in the @entity16960 and placebo groups, respectively (risk ratio 0.81 [95% CI 0.60-1.10], p=0.17). At 30 days, this decrease was significant (3.1 vs 5.9%, 0.53 [0.35-0.80]; p=0.002). In the total cohort there was at 3 months a decrease in @entity204 , @entity583 , or revascularisation (29.1 vs 33.4%, 0.87 [0.77-0.99]; p=0.031). The initial benefits were not sustained at 6-month follow-up. INTERPRETATION: Long-term @entity16960 lowers the risk of @entity204 , @entity583 , and revascularisation in unstable @entity453 at least during the first month of therapy. These early protective effects could be used to lower the risk of events in @entity1 waiting for invasive procedures.

title: Long-term low-molecular-mass heparin in unstable @entity453 : FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study. FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in XXXX . Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary-artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary artery disease']


abstract: STUDY AIM: @entity360 by @entity1756 is very rare. The aim of this study is to report four cases observed between 1990 and 1996. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first case, the celiac trunk @entity439 was revealed by hematemesis due to erosion of the posterior wall of the stomach. Excision of the @entity439 associated with splenopancreatectomy was followed by revascularization of the common hepatic artery with a bypass implanted in the aorta. The second case concerned a @entity438 revealed by hemosuccus @entity548 which was treated by excision and splenopancreatectomy. In the third case, the common @entity99 revealed by hemosuccus @entity548 was treated by obstructive endoaneurysmorrhaphy. The fourth case concerned a superior mesenteric @entity439 revealed by @entity9317 causing @entity356 , which was treated by obstructive endoaneurysmorrhaphy and revascularization of the mesenteric artery by a spleno-mesenteric bypass. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was successful in all four @entity1 . In the first case, an acute @entity7140 required a cholecystectomy after 3 weeks. In the fourth case, a @entity1188 disappeared spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Such observations are rare. The site of the @entity548 was located by endoscopy. The @entity439 was recognized by contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan and/or celiac and mesenteric arteriography which was performed in all cases and was very useful for the management of such @entity439 . After excision (n = 2) or obliterative endoaneurysmorrhaphy (n = 2), revascularization had to be done in two cases for celiac and mesenteric @entity439 .

title: [ XXXX caused by rupture of an @entity438 . Presentation of 4 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticus and intestinal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of splanchnic artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarction']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and intestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal erosion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2452 has a potent @entity165 -lowering action. The clinical efficacy and safety of a low dose, 1 mg, of @entity2452 were examined. METHODS: The effect of 12 weeks' treatment with @entity2452 1 mg in an open label, non-randomized trial involving 137 @entity1 with @entity1007 as compared with treatment with @entity2993 10 mg. RESULTS: Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and @entity412 (TG) levels at baseline did not differ between the two groups. At follow-up, there were no significant differences in total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 and HDL @entity165 levels between the groups. The TG levels at follow-up were higher in the @entity2452 group than @entity2993 group (p < 0.01). In @entity1 with @entity407 type IIa, TG levels at follow-up were lower in the @entity2993 subgroup (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in TG levels at follow-up between the two subgroups in @entity1 with @entity407 type IIb. CONCLUSION: @entity2452 1 mg daily was safe and efficacious in reducing LDL @entity165 levels as compared with @entity2993 10 mg daily. Further randomized comparative studies are needed to clarify the effect of a low dose of @entity2452 .

title: Efficacy of a low dose of XXXX compared with @entity2993 in primary @entity407 : results of a 12-week, open label study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2452 :: ('MESH:C108475', 'Chemical') :: ['Pitavastatin', 'pitavastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2452 :: (MESH:C108475,Chemical) :: ['pitavastatin']


abstract: The pineal complex, deep brain, and skin have been known to function as extraretinal photoreceptors in non- @entity1 vertebrates. To see the diversity of localization of extraretinal photoreceptors in lower vertebrates having different habitats, we analyzed the @entity19780 -like immunoreactivities in anuran amphibians, @entity1238 , Rana catesbeiana, @entity28028 , and Bufo japonicus. An antiserum (toad Rh-AS) was raised against rhodopsin purified from the retinas of @entity27917 , @entity27917 . In the retina of all the anurans examined, the outer segments of rods were immunopositive to toad Rh-AS. The outer segments of most pinealocytes were immunopositive in R. catesbeiana, @entity28028 , and @entity27917 . The outer segments of photoreceptor-like cells within the frontal organ of @entity28028 were immunostained. Interestingly, toad Rh-AS immunostained many secretory cells of mucous glands in the head skin of @entity27917 , implying the presence of a novel photoreceptive molecule. Within the hypothalamus, toad Rh-AS immunostained many cells in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of R. catesbeiana and @entity27917 . Toad Rh-AS also labeled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting cells in the anterior preoptic nucleus of @entity28028 and those adjacent to the lateral ventricle within the septum of R. catesbeiana. Thus the distribution patterns of the rhodopsin-like immunoreactivities among the anurans were highly diverged, and there was no relationship between the distribution patterns and their habitats. J. Exp. Zool. 286:136-142, 2000.

title: Diversity of XXXX immunoreactivities in the extraretinal tissues of four anuran amphibians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity27917 :: ('8387', 'Species') :: ['Japanese toad', 'B. japonicus']

entities_list: @entity28028 :: ('8409', 'Species') :: ['Rana nigromaculata', 'R. nigromaculata']

answer: @entity19780 :: (373655(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['opsin']


abstract: Ileal loops including Peyer's patch were prepared in five 28-day-old @entity291 and infused @entity2491 ST4/74. Loops were fixed 5 minutes to 2 hours after inoculation, and the mucosa was examined by light and electron microscopy. Within 5 minutes, the bacteria were interacting with the @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ); the surface of M cells changed to lamellipodia, engulfing many bacteria. This process proceeded rapidly to 30 minutes, involving most M cells above crypt level. Most cells were exfoliated, and many were packed with bacteria, and the domed villi became stunted. There was a rapid migration of neutrophils through the @entity7944 into the lumen by 15 minutes. By 60 minutes, there was no further interaction between the bacteria and the @entity7944 ; at this time bacteria were present in macrophages in the lamina propria. Restitution of the @entity7944 was complete by 2 hours in spite of the many bacteria in the cell debris overlying the epithelium. Interaction of bacteria with the absorptive villi was delayed compared with interaction with the @entity7944 . After 15 minutes, bacteria were seen adhering to some enterocytes of the upper third of the villi; many bacteria were adhering to the surface of the enterocytes at 20 and 30 minutes, but few were seen thereafter. Adherence was patchy and largely confined to cells whose surfaces were depressed relative to others. The microvillous surface of these enterocytes was extensively remodelled. Tissue response, with uptake of bacteria into vacuoles, exfoliation of enterocytes containing bacteria, and subsequent stunting of the villi, began at 30 minutes and was severe and progressive to 2 hours. Following the initial attachment and uptake of the bacteria loss of enterocytes progressed from these initial sites; bacteria were associated with the lateral cell membrane of cells adjacent to cells being extruded and not with the microvilli of cells at new sites. In a @entity291 4 hours after dosing orally with the same strain, M cells were engulfing bacteria and their cell surface was changed as seen in the inoculated loops; absorptive enterocytes were also taking up bacteria as seen in the ileal loops, indicating the process seen in the loops and after oral dosage was similar. For this strain of @entity2491 , there was an initial concentration of bacilli around the domed villus epithelium. This distribution was not random but may have resulted from a specific attraction to the @entity7944 .

title: The early dynamic response of the @entity291 ileal epithelium to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium strain']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['FAE', 'follicle-associated epithelium']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the MRI findings that can suggest a @entity432 in cases of febrile @entity158 in @entity1 suffering from @entity3458 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI (T1 and T2 weighted sequences and T1 weighted sequence with fat saturation before and after @entity2287 injection) was performed in 10 @entity1 with @entity3458 , presenting with febrile @entity158 . The diagnosis of @entity432 was made after fast improvement due to symptomatic treatment and negative bacteriological result. RESULTS: MRI was abnormal in all cases. A multifocal localisation was found in 2 cases. @entity236 were constant. In 10 cases, high T1 and T2 signal and metaphyso-diaphysial lesions were noted. Heterogeneous medullar enhancement with "ink stain" feature was constant. Early @entity1048 were noted in 8 cases with inflammatory or stratified features. Cortical thinning was found in 1 case. Soft tissue abnormalities were observed in 5 cases with inflammatory features in 4. CONCLUSION: Multifocal synchronous localisation, medullar abnormalities resulting from hemoglobin degradation, heterogeneous enhancement, early @entity1048 and associated soft tissues swelling are MRI findings suggesting acute @entity432 .

title: [Febrile @entity158 in @entity1 with XXXX : MRI findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['osseous pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis', 'vaso-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periosteal abnormalities']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the potential visual benefits of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implants in eyes of @entity1 with @entity4457 . METHODS: In a prospective study, three @entity1 9, 14, and 18 years old with high @entity9340 and deep @entity4457 were included in this study. The phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical AG, Nidau, Switzerland) was used to correct the @entity9340 . This intraocular lens was inserted in the anterior chamber through a 3.0-mm temporal clear cornea incision and manipulated into the posterior chamber using an iris manipulator. A peripheral iridectomy was performed using the Ocutome Probe (Storz; Premiere, St. Louis, Missouri). Local therapy with @entity288 and antibiotics were prescribed for 2 weeks, and @entity1 were followed regularly for a period of 6 to 9 months. RESULTS: In the three amblyopic eyes of the three @entity1 , the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 6/30, 6/60, and 6/30 improved, to 6/7.5 (20/25), 6/30 (20/100), and 6/15 (20/50), respectively, 6 months after the surgery. Binocular functions with development of fusional abilities and stereopsis were observed in two of these @entity1 after the intraocular lens implantation. In the third @entity1 , the fusional abilities developed only after surgical correction of the @entity5770 . The intraocular pressure remained within normal limits, and there was no significant change in the corneal endothelial cell count during the period of follow-up. No major @entity260 were observed, except for a temporary pigment dispersion. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses may be beneficial for the treatment of @entity4457 in @entity1 with @entity9340 . Although additional cases and long-term follow-up observations are necessary, it appears that @entity4457 may be overcome by the use of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implants, even in eyes of @entity1 beyond the age generally considered to be responsive to anti-amblyopic treatment.

title: Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens for the correction of XXXX and treatment of @entity4457 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity9340 :: (MESH:D015858,Disease) :: ['anisometropia']


abstract: @entity503 (CQ) and other @entity8774 -containing antimalarials are important drugs with many therapeutic benefits as well as adverse effects. However, the molecular targets underlying most such effects are largely unknown. By taking a novel functional genomics strategy, which employs a unique combination of genome-wide drug-gene synthetic lethality (DGSL), gene-gene synthetic lethality (GGSL), and dosage suppression (DS) screens in the model organism @entity375 and is thus termed SL/DS for simplicity, we found that CQ inhibits the @entity9138 transporters @entity53775 , @entity53776 , and @entity53777 in @entity375 . We first discovered a @entity53778 /\ mutant as hypersensitive to CQ using a genome-wide DGSL analysis. Using genome-wide GGSL and DS screens, we then found that a @entity53775 /\ mutation confers severe growth defect in the @entity53778 /\ mutant and that @entity53775 overexpression suppresses CQ-hypersensitivity of this mutant. We subsequently showed that CQ inhibits the functions of @entity53775 and its homologues @entity53776 and @entity53777 . In particular, the transporter activity of wild-type @entity53775 but not a CQ-resistant mutant ( @entity53775 ( @entity53779 )) was completely inhibited by the drug. Similar effects were also observed with other @entity8774 -containing antimalarials. In addition, CQ completely inhibited a @entity1 @entity9138 transporter ( @entity28260 ) expressed in @entity375 and significantly inhibited @entity9138 uptake in cultured @entity1 cell lines. Therefore, inhibition of @entity9138 uptake is a conserved mechanism of action of CQ. This study also demonstrated SL/DS as a uniquely effective methodology for discovering drug targets.

title: Discovering XXXX transporters as targets of @entity503 using a novel functional genomics strategy.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity8774 :: ('MESH:C037219', 'Chemical') :: ['quinoline']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

answer: @entity9138 :: (MESH:D013831,Chemical) :: ['thiamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1317 is a rare (5-13%) but serious complication after closed @entity3029 without associated @entity174 . METHOD: Retrospective analysis of long-term results (mean, 4.1 years) in four @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent emergency repair of the @entity1317 within 2.5 hours. In three @entity1 , a reversed saphenous vein graft was used; in one @entity1 the artery was sutured. This latter @entity1 needed another operation with interposition of a reversed saphenous graft, because the primary @entity254 occluded. The capsule and the collateral ligaments were immediately reconstructed in three @entity1 because of instability. No @entity1 showed claudication of the arm. In three @entity1 , a @entity10036 persisted. Average range of motion was 128 degrees of flexion (120-135 degrees) and an extension deficit of 7.5 degrees (15-0 degrees). CONCLUSION: Primary repair of @entity1317 after closed @entity3029 with vein graft and immediate reconstruction of ligamentous injuries results in good long-term functional outcome.

title: XXXX with associated @entity1317 after blunt trauma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficiency of median nerve']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Injury of the brachial artery', 'arterial injury', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['Posterior elbow dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pattern of progression of a meal from the stomach to the caecum in @entity6 is controversial and the differential roles of transit through the jejunum and the ileum have not been investigated in @entity6 . AIMS: To determine gastric emptying and transit rates through proximal and distal regions of the small bowel in type I @entity6 @entity1 . SUBJECTS: The study included six @entity6 @entity1 with evidence of @entity4148 ( @entity3918 - @entity1278 group), 11 @entity6 without @entity5433 ( @entity3918 group), and 15 control volunteers. METHODS: Gastric emptying and small bowel transit of a liquid meal were evaluated scintigraphically in these subjects. Transit through regions of interest corresponding to the proximal and distal small intestine up to the caecum was determined and correlated with gastric emptying rates, cardiovascular measurements of autonomic function, and the occurrence of @entity294 . RESULTS: Gastric emptying and transit through the proximal small bowel were similar in the three groups. The meal arrived to the caecum significantly earlier in @entity3918 - @entity1278 @entity1 (median; range: 55 min; 22-->180 min) than in the @entity3918 group (100 min; 44-->180 min, p < 0.05) or in controls (120 min; 80-->180 min, p < 0.02). Accumulation of chyme in the distal small bowel was decreased in @entity3918 - @entity1278 @entity1 , who showed values for peak activity (30%; 10-55%) significantly lower than in the @entity3918 group (49%; 25-77%, p = 0.02) and controls (50%; 30-81%, p = 0.02). In @entity3918 @entity1 (n = 17), the time of meal arrival to the caecum was significantly correlated with both @entity551 (coefficient of contingency, C = 0.53, p < 0.01) and @entity294 (C = 0.47, p < 0.05), but not with gastric emptying rates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity6 and sympathetic denervation have abnormally rapid transit of a liquid meal through the distal small bowel, which may play a part in @entity294 production.

title: Rapid distal small bowel transit associated with sympathetic denervation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) has been used as a substitute for @entity2522 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity7674 with partial thickness flap in the elimination of @entity2118 . Fifteen @entity1 presenting bilateral @entity2118 were selected for this study. Each side of the pigmentation was randomly assigned to be part of a group. The sites of the experimental group had a partial thickness flap raised, excised, followed by adaptation and suture of the @entity7674 . On the opposite side (ie, sites from the control group), the oral epithelium was removed with a @entity11710 bur. The healing process was evaluated at 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Images of the @entity1 's follow-up were digitalized, and occurrence and quantification of clinical repigmentation were evaluated. After 12 months, minimal repigmentation (mean 3.14 +/- 7.45%) was noted in 8 of 15 sites from the @entity7674 group, while significant repigmentation (mean 55.84 +/- 27.25%) was seen in 15 of 15 abrasion sites. According to our results, it can be concluded that @entity7674 may be successfully used in the elimination or greater reduction of @entity2118 , and is more efficient than epithelium abrasion after 12 months (p < 0.0001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2118 is a common finding in several ethnic groups. Although physiologic melanin pigmentation is not a medical problem, cosmetic demands may turn it into a problem of social acceptance in different cultures. In this way, different treatment modalities have been used with the aim of removing pigmentations for esthetic reasons. In the present study, the use of @entity7674 with partial thickness flap resulted in more effective elimination of @entity2118 , as repigmentation occurred later and was much weaker when compared to the outcomes of epithelial abrasion.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of the acellular dermal matrix allograft with partial thickness flap in the elimination of XXXX . A comparative clinical study with 12 months of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['ADM', 'Acellular dermal matrix']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival allografts']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival pigmentation', 'gingival melanin pigmentation', 'gingival melanic pigmentations']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['gingival melanin pigmentation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by anatomical resection is a current therapeutic strategy for @entity1149 with mediastinal node involvement. Dense peritracheal @entity82 and @entity1463 after chemoradiotherapy cause difficult mediastinal node dissection. We evaluated a novel technique to make the mediastinal node dissection easier after induction therapy. METHODS: At the end of mediastinoscopic node biopsy for @entity5 , @entity2708 -type collagen was inserted anterior and lateral to the @entity825 in @entity1 with pathologically confirmed mediastinal node involvement (n=45). The induction therapy consisted of concurrent use of @entity902 -based chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy. After the chemoradiotherapy all @entity1 underwent a pulmonary resection with complete mediastinal node dissection 7-12 weeks after the collagen insertion. Surgical findings of the mediastinum and the time for node dissection were compared with those without collagen insertion at mediastinoscopy after chemoradiotherapy (n=5). RESULTS: All five @entity1 without collagen insertion showed @entity3808 and fibrotic change of mediastinal nodes with severe adhesion to the @entity825 . In 42 of 45 @entity1 with collagen insertion (93.3%) the collagen remained unabsorbed and separated the mediastinal nodes from the @entity825 . Mediastinal node dissection was easily accomplished by removing mediastinal tissues lateral and anterior to the collagen. The rate of mediastinal node separation was significantly higher with collagen insertion than without (p<0.0001). The times for node dissection in @entity1 with and without collagen insertion showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: @entity2708 -type collagen insertion at staging mediastinoscopy for @entity2 separates the mediastinal nodes from the @entity825 and makes the node dissection easier after induction chemoradiotherapy.

title: Easier node dissection after chemoradiotherapy for XXXX with collagen insertion at mediastinoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The management of peptic @entity1066 with up to 6 years of continuous @entity4444 treatment has been studied at four centres in the UK and Ireland. @entity4444 , 1 g daily for up to 12 weeks, was used to heal duodenal or gastric ulceration, alternating with 400 mg each night to maintain remission. After an initial healing phase, 402 @entity1 started maintenance therapy. Classical life-table analyses showed that after 5 years one-quarter of the @entity1 had suffered a symptomatic relapse, about half during the first year of maintenance treatment. Prevalence analyses (reflecting the cyclical nature of H2-antagonist use in peptic @entity1066 ) over 6 years show that, on average, over 97% remain free of symptomatic ulceration at any one time. @entity1 'lost' to the study due to withdrawal or default may, however, bias the results. A model designed to account for these estimates that during the long-term management of peptic ulcer with @entity4444 , on average around 95% of @entity1 remain free of symptomatic ulceration at any one time. Safety studies, including haematological and biochemical testing over the whole period, revealed no previously unknown adverse reaction. Seven @entity1 were withdrawn for events considered to be related to the drug. Eleven @entity1 died; none of the deaths appears to be connected with the treatment. It is concluded that long-term use of @entity4444 is effective in the management of peptic @entity1066 , and continuous treatment for up to 6 years has not revealed any previously unknown hazard.

title: Six years of continuous XXXX treatment in peptic @entity1066 : efficacy and safety. Anglo-Irish @entity4444 Long-Term Study Group.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: BALB/c ( @entity8022 ) and C57BL/6 (H-2b) @entity19 were immunized with one or two doses of allogeneic or syngeneic @entity33 ( @entity33 ) from small intestinal mucosa. This antigen was also characterized by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), by @entity214 -PAGE and by Western blotting. Single-dose immunized @entity19 of either strain, sacrificed 30 days after immunization, synthesized marginal levels of anti- @entity33 antibodies, as assessed by ELISA tests. BALB/c @entity19 receiving two doses of the immunogen produced antibodies at a highly significant level (p less than 0.001) when compared to C57BL/6 @entity19 belonging to the same experimental group. BALB/c @entity19 immunized with syngeneic @entity33 gave a humoral anti- @entity33 response similar to that of BALB/c immunized with allogeneic @entity33 . All experimental @entity19 , irrespective of their genetic background or the number of doses of @entity33 received, develop a cell-mediated immune response to @entity33 . BALB/c @entity19 immunized with two doses of allogeneic or syngeneic @entity33 developed lesions mainly located in the small intestine, characterized by macroscopical and microscopical vascular congestion and @entity548 , epithelial cell loss, mononuclear cell infiltration of the lamina propria, cryptal degeneration and @entity738 formation. Immunochemical analysis showed varying degrees of cross-reactivity between @entity33 , liver and kidney saline extracts when heterologous anti- @entity33 sera were tested by ELISA. Absorption of these sera with @entity19 liver or kidney saline extract lyophilizates reduced reactivity of anti- @entity33 antibodies, although the degree of residual activity remained high. @entity214 -PAGE of @entity19 @entity33 , kidney, and liver extracts revealed the presence of two polypeptidic bands of less than 17 kD molecular weight belonging to @entity33 . Immunoblotting (Western blot) analysis revealed that heterologous or isologous anti- @entity33 antibodies incubated with @entity19 @entity33 reacted with the same epitopes as well as with others shared by other organs. Absorption of these sera with liver or kidney saline extracts revealed two organ-specific epitopes belonging to @entity33 . Data presented here support the possibility of a genetic control of the susceptibility of BALB/c @entity19 to the development of an acute @entity792 ( @entity792 ). This response appears to be a function of the amount of immunogen administered as well as the genetic background of immunized @entity19 . The presence of a cell-mediated immune response to @entity33 alone, however, is not sufficient for lesions to appear the histopathological alterations characteristic of @entity792 are present only in experimental groups where detectable levels of anti- @entity33 antibodies are found. The antibody response seems to be directed against two unique epitopes belonging to @entity33 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunopathological and immunochemical analysis of @entity792 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal antigen', 'MA']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AEC', 'autoimmune enterocolitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We have studied immunolocalization of activin receptors in the central nervous system using polyclonal antibodies (IgG) to type I (50-55 kDa, @entity52457 ), type II (70-75 kDa, ActRII) or a subtype of type II known as type IIB ( @entity50227 ) receptors of activin. A total of 7 antisera to @entity35 activin receptors was generated, i.e. 3 kinds of antisera to the extracellular domain ( @entity52457 (81-89), ActRII(91-100), or @entity50227 (90-99)) and 4 antisera to the kinase domain ( @entity52457 (323-333), ActRII(307-319), ActRII(407-420) or @entity50227 (306-319)). The region of aa 407-420 of ActRII is identical with that of @entity50227 . At first, we characterized these antibodies by Western blot analysis using ovarian proteins fractionated by preparative SDS-PAGE. All antibodies to ActRII and @entity50227 specifically reacted with 75 kDa-proteins which could also bind to @entity18760 . Anti-ActRII(91-100) antibody also reacted with 62 kDa-proteins which were capable of binding with @entity18760 . Although no positive reactions to anti- @entity52457 (81-89) antibody were seen in ovarian proteins, a positive reaction was detected at 52 kDa only when the proteins were deglycosylated. By use of these antibodies, immunolocalization of activin receptors was examined in the @entity35 brain. The patterns of expression of activin type I and type II receptors were different. Positive reactions to anti-ActRII(91-100) antibody were detected in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, medial amygdala and thalamus. In the @entity2339 , some neurons of the supraoptic nucleus were weakly stained, and widely scattered neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area were moderately stained. On the contrary, the most intense reactions to anti- @entity52457 (81-89) antibody were detected in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area. In addition, many neurons of the cerebral cortex were also stained, but neurons of the hippocampus and the amygdala were not stained. These results suggest that activin may have physiological roles not only for hypothalamic neuroendocrinological and feeding-related systems as suggested previously but may also have functions in cortical and limbic pathways as a neuromodulator or for maintenance of neurons.

title: Immunolocalization of type I or type II activin receptors in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of and risk factors for @entity793 due to @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 ( @entity4987 ) versus @entity2893 -susceptible @entity3274 ( @entity29176 ) producing extended spectrum b lactamase (ESBL). METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study in which 135 case- @entity1 with @entity793 due to @entity4987 were compared with 127 control @entity1 with @entity29176 producing ESBL. In a first step, multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis models were used to determine the difference in mortality between the two groups and risk factors for mortality. In a second step, a univariate analysis was used to identify risk factors for @entity4987 colonization. RESULTS: There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between the groups. In-hospital mortality in the study and control groups was 29 and 25 %, respectively (non-significant difference). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most important risk factor for mortality in both groups was being bed ridden [hazard ratio 2.2, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.23-3.93; P = 0.008]. @entity1 with @entity4987 @entity793 had a longer hospitalization time with a mean    standard deviation of 28    33 days compared to 22    28 days in the control group (P < 0.05). Several univariate risk factors for acquiring @entity4987 @entity793 were identified: antibiotic use [odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95 % CI 1.18-3.17, p = 0.008], especially @entity3273 (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.04-4.02; P = 0.036), presence of a urinary catheter (OR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.2-3.63; P = 0.008), surgery (OR 3.94, 95 % CI 1.85-8.37; P = 0.0002), invasive procedures (OR 3.06, 95 % CI 1.61-5.8; P = 0.0004), and intensive care unit admission (OR 2.49, 95 % CI 1.18-5.37; P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: @entity793 caused by @entity4987 as compared that caused by @entity29176 was not found to be a risk factor for @entity204 .

title: Risk factors for @entity793 with XXXX -resistant @entity3274 and its impact on mortality: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteriuria', 'bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: The authors report a rare case of a large @entity808 . A 45-year-old female was admitted to our clinic because of motor weakness of the right upper extremity, @entity1183 of the right fingers and right posterior cervical @entity158 . @entity6161 CT myelography demonstrated the outline of a low density mass. MRI showed a mass revealing low signal intensity on T1-weighted image, high signal intensity on T2-weighted image and marginal enhancement on contrast image with @entity7241 . The mass which was diagnosed as @entity5 , was located in the intradural extramedullary space between C4 to C5 segments. After C4 through C5 laminectomy, the @entity5 was found to originate from the C5 anterior motor root. The @entity5 consisted mostly of a cystic part with a very thin solid compartment beneath the capsule. Postoperative course of the @entity1 was uneventful. Although @entity808 is one of the most common @entity5 , an almost completely degenerated large cystic @entity808 is extremely rare. MRI with @entity7241 was useful for the diagnosis of the cystic @entity808 by clearly enhancing the margin of the @entity5 .

title: [A case of macrocystic cervical XXXX diagnosed by MRI with @entity7241 ].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma', 'spinal neurinoma', 'cystic cervical neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['Metrizamide']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['neurinoma']


abstract: Fifty cases (fifty-three eyes) of nondiabetic @entity548 underwent vitrectomy. The visual acuity improved in 39 eyes (73.6%) postoperatively. Twenty seven eyes obtained a visual acuity of 0.05 or better. The postoperative vision was related to the etiology and macular function. @entity548 due to blunt @entity130 responded best. All of them had vision improved. @entity4817 also had a good result. 77% was improved in vision postoperatively. The main complications of surgery were recurrent @entity548 and @entity726 , especially @entity726 (4/6). The timing for vitrectomy, degree of cutting and @entity726 were briefly discussed.

title: [Vitrectomy for nondiabetic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4817 :: ('MESH:C538011', 'Disease') :: ["Eales's disease"]

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic glaucoma', 'secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage', 'Vitreous hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of universal screening for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the @entity1 attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary institute of North India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted on 700 pregnant @entity1 attending the antenatal clinic of Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi at or before 24 weeks of gestation. All @entity1 underwent screening with a 50-g 1-h @entity413 challenge test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The @entity1 with an abnormal @entity413 challenge test subsequently underwent a diagnostic 3-h oral @entity413 tolerance test. All the @entity1 were followed up till delivery. RESULTS: Out of 700, thirteen @entity1 were lost to follow up and hence the final outcomes were measured on 687 @entity1 . Out of 687, 613 @entity1 (89.2%) had a normal @entity413 challenge test value, that is, <140 mg%, and 74 (10.8%) had a @entity413 challenge test value >= 140 mg%. On the subsequent oral @entity413 tolerance test, 64 (9.3%) had normal values and only 10 (1.5%) had an abnormal oral @entity413 tolerance test, that is, @entity6 . CONCLUSION: With such a low prevalence rate it appears to be unjustified to recommend universal screening for @entity6 . These findings may be considered as a basis for conducting larger, multicentric studies to establish the prevalence rate of @entity6 before deciding on a policy for screening.

title: Screening for XXXX : a prospective study in a tertiary care institution of North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Preclinical and clinical data indicate that @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) is a bona fide molecular target for @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity1160 may decrease chemotherapy-associated @entity294 . This study was designed to address whether the addition of @entity12698 , a @entity3840 inhibitor, and @entity1160 would improve the efficacy and decrease the @entity137 of the @entity2600 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 (IFL) regimen. METHODS: All @entity1 received the original IFL regimen plus @entity12698 (400 mg, po, every 12 h continuously while on trial) and @entity1160 (10 g, po, every 8 h continuously while on chemotherapy). RESULTS: Of the 41 @entity1 enrolled, 40 @entity1 received between 1 and 6 cycles of treatment. This regimen was associated with significant @entity137 : 45.0% had grade 3 @entity294 , 35.0% grade 3/4 @entity1398 , 22.5% hospitalization, 10.0% deep vein @entity715 and 2 treatment-related @entity204 . The overall response rate was 47.2%. The median progression-free survival was 6.7 months. The median overall survival was 16.3 months. The 12-month overall survival rate was 54.8%. @entity3840 expression was present in 63.2% of the specimens evaluated. There was no significant correlation between @entity3840 expression and response to chemotherapy (p = 0.739). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity12698 and @entity1160 appears not to improve the efficacy or decrease the @entity137 of IFL for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

title: A phase II trial of XXXX , @entity1487 and @entity4181 combined with @entity12698 and @entity1160 as first-line therapy for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: Clinicians working with contemporary @entity1 with @entity1278 have commented on the ascetic component in @entity448 , meaning their self-denial, heightened morality, opposition between body and spirit, asexuality, and @entity204 (Mogul, 1980; Palazzoli, 1978; Rampling, 1985; Sabom, 1985; Turner, 1984). While these clinicians have commented on the asceticism in @entity1278 , they have little to say about the role of culture in subjective experiences of this asceticism. As we have seen, Jane and Margaret used notions of asceticism about food and the body that are a part of their religious beliefs to create a personal meaning system through which they expressed their self-starvation. These cases, while supporting clinical studies that point to an ascetic component in modern @entity448 , go further to suggest that in some cases, this asceticism may be encoded in religion. Religious anorectics like Jane and Margaret challenge models of @entity1278 that understand the condition exclusively in terms of cultural foci on "dieting" and secular ideals of beauty and bodily thinness for @entity1 (Bemporad, Hoffman, _ Herzog, 1989; Chernin, 1985; Garner et al., 1980; Orbach, 1986; Rost, Newhaus, _ Florian, 1982). They also suggest a continuing persistence into the twentieth century of an association between religiosity and self-starvation noted by historians during the early Christian, medieval, and late-Victorian periods in the West (Bell, 1985; Brown, 1988; Brumberg, 1985, 1988; Bynum, 1987). The above discussion points to the new directions in psychological anthropology which challenge a strict and opposing dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious, between culture (seen as "public") and the individual mind (seen as "private" and idiosyncratic). Obeyesekere's concept of "the work of culture," (Obeyesekere, 1990) and Stephen's concept of the "autonomous imagination" are especially useful in understanding how @entity1 like Jane and Margaret use in imaginative ways cultural symbols, such as notions of asceticism about food and the body that are a part of religion, to give meaning to their personal concerns with growth, separation, and sexuality. We saw how Jane and Margaret transform cultural symbols and language to express their starvation and deep anxieties. These cases lend support to views that culture and religion, as symbolic systems, have underpinnings in deep motivation (Obeyesekere, 1981, 1990; Spiro, 1965, 1987). They also suggest that the relations between culture and the individual mind (and between culture and "illness," between "normal" and "abnormal") must be viewed as a moving continuum, with culture constantly worked and reworked by the individual imagination in innovative and creative ways.

title: The imaginative use of religious symbols in subjective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['denial of bodily death']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'contemporary anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['experiences of anorexia nervosa']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with progressive @entity344 . An abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a 12 x 12-cm pancreatic mass involving the greater curvature of the stomach and multiple hypervascular hepatic @entity3 . An initial fine needle aspiration of the pancreatic mass was nondiagnostic, and a subsequent fine needle aspiration of a liver mass was read as metastatic @entity3981 . The @entity1 underwent a palliative resection for @entity5 -associated @entity158 and @entity360 that revealed a large @entity788 invading through the full thickness of the colon at the @entity4558 and adherent to the posterior gastric wall. The pathology from the distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, partial gastrectomy, partial colectomy, and cholecystectomy unexpectedly supported a diagnosis of @entity3017 with evidence for squamoid corpuscles as well as areas of acinar formation. Despite multiple chemotherapy regimens, the @entity1 's disease continued to progress in the liver and the lungs. During the course of his therapy, the patient's serum @entity160 levels and serum lipase levels rose concurrently, suggesting @entity5 -associated production of both of these factors. Seventeen months after the diagnosis of metastatic @entity3017 , the @entity1 died from his disease. Our case illustrates the fact that @entity3017 are extremely difficult to diagnosis preoperatively. In addition, our case demonstrates that @entity3017 can be @entity160 producing, hormone producing, and enzyme producing when it occurs in adults.

title: XXXX in an adult: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastomas', 'pancreatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity3017 :: (MESH:C537162,Disease) :: ['Pancreatoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy applied to the serosal surface of the @entity35 jejunum following @entity63 and reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six male @entity35 were assigned to 15 groups and anesthetized. Small @entity63 was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 60   minutes. A laser diode (70   mW, 650   nm) was applied to the serosal surface of the jejunum at a dose of 0.5   J/cm(2) either immediately before or following initiation of reperfusion. Animals were maintained under anesthesia and sacrificed at 0, 1, and 6   hours following reperfusion. Intestinal, lung, and liver samples were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: @entity1944 was significantly worse (P   <   0.0001) in animals treated with laser and no @entity63 -reperfusion injury (IRI) compared to sham. @entity1944 was significantly worse in animals that underwent IRI and laser treatment at all time points compared to sham (P   <   0.001). In animals that underwent IRI, those treated with laser had significantly worse @entity1944 compared to those that did not have laser treatment at 0 (P   =   0.0104) and 1 (P   =   0.0015)   hour of reperfusion. After 6   hours of reperfusion there was no significant difference in injury between these two groups. @entity651 was significantly decreased following IRI in laser-treatment groups (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At the dose and parameters used, low-level laser did not protect against intestinal IRI in the acute phase of injury. However, laser did provide protection against distant organ injury. Failure to observe a therapeutic response in the intestine may be due to inappropriate dosing parameters. Furthermore, the model was designed to detect the histologic response within the first 6   hours of injury, whereas the beneficial effects of laser, if they occur, may not be observed until the later phases of healing. The finding of secondary organ protection is important, as @entity651 following IRI is a significant source of morbidity and mortality.

title: The effects of low-level laser therapy in a XXXX model of @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal injury', 'intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity19278 ( @entity19278 ) is an @entity74 characterised by @entity6 and @entity179 . Mutations in a novel gene, @entity6362 , were found in nearly all @entity1 and segregated with the disease. The @entity6362 gene is expressed in all tissue types studied and the 890aa protein product is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we used a combination of reporter assays and in vitro and in vivo transcription factor binding assays to analyse the regulation of expression of the @entity1 @entity6362 gene in neuronal derived cells. A single transcription start site was mapped and a minimal promoter identified within 25 bp upstream of this site. This minimal promoter contains two DNA binding motifs (GC boxes) for the transcription factors @entity54714 and binding of both @entity3419 and @entity28549 was demonstrated at both motifs in vitro and in vivo. The presence of intact GC boxes is essential for minimal promoter action. Thus, transcription factors of the Sp family are important regulators of the @entity6362 promoter. A further up-regulating control region was identified containing three CCAAT box binding motifs; all demonstrated a reduction in expression after mutation. One CCAAT box represented part of a predicted ER stress response element.

title: The characterisation of the XXXX Wolfram syndrome gene promoter demonstrating regulation by @entity3419 and @entity28549 transcription factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficient diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['Wolfram Syndrome', 'DIDMOAD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sleep architecture and quantitative EEG from wakefulness and @entity1949 sleep were studied in six @entity1 (mean age, 70.5 years) with @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ) and compared with that of six control subjects (mean age, 69.8 years). Particular attention was given to quantifying @entity1949 sleep variables because of the known @entity7463 -associated degeneration of the pedunculopontine tegmentum ( @entity3445 )--a critical structure in @entity1949 sleep generation. @entity1 with @entity7463 had a @entity25 , a lower sleep efficiency, a @entity353 in sleep spindles, an @entity25 , and a lower percentage of @entity1949 sleep. The lower percentage of @entity1949 sleep was the result of both a reduction in the number of @entity1949 periods and a reduction in mean period of duration. @entity1949 density was also reduced while @entity1949 efficiency, atonia, and phasic EMG were similar to control values. @entity1949 sleep findings are consistent with the known role of the PPT in @entity1949 sleep induction. A slowing of the awake EEG was found for the six frontal leads and for C4, P4, and T4 in @entity7463 @entity1 . The frontal EEG slowing found in wakefulness is in accord with imaging and neuropsychological studies showing @entity75 in these @entity1 . @entity1949 sleep EEG was not significantly slower in any regions. Because all previous studies on @entity7463 have relied on visual inspection of the EEG tracings, the present finding of EEG slowing in the frontal lobes (rather than in the temporal regions or diffusely) suggests that our quantitative EEG approach may be more useful in determining specific regions of impaired cortical activity.

title: Sleep and quantitative EEG in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reduction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['atonic slow-wave sleep', 'shorter total sleep time']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies show that emerging adults who do not obtain postsecondary education are at greater risk for developing @entity167 use disorders later in life relative to their college-attending peers. Research examining constructs amenable to change within this population is necessary to inform intervention efforts. Thus, the current study aimed to identify psychosocial correlates of risky @entity167 use for noncollege emerging adults. A secondary goal was to examine whether gender moderated the relationships between the psychosocial constructs and @entity167 use. METHOD: @entity1 were a nationally representative sample of noncollege emerging adults (18-22 years old) who reported using @entity167 in the past year, recruited through an established Internet panel (N = 209; 125 @entity1 ). A path model was used to examine the relationship between theoretically derived constructs (expectancies, attitudes, normative beliefs) and risky (peak) drinking. A second model examined a multigroup solution to assess moderating effects of gender. RESULTS: The full-sample model revealed significant associations between attitudes toward drinking and risky drinking. The model assessing gender differences revealed association between normative beliefs and drinking for @entity1 but not @entity1 , whereas attitudes were significantly associated with risky drinking for both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the importance of attitudes and, for @entity1 , descriptive norms in the etiology of risky drinking among noncollege emerging adults, which emphasizes their potential utility in the development and adaptation of interventions for this at-risk population.

title: Identifying theoretical predictors of risky XXXX use among noncollege emerging adults.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Participants', 'women']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) compromise the ability of hippocampal neurons to survive various insults, and do so, at least in part, by exacerbating steps in the @entity2227 / @entity1024 ( @entity143 )/ @entity460 cascade of damage. As evidence, GCs impair uptake of @entity2227 by hippocampal astrocytes, the GC endangerment of the hippocampus is @entity143 receptor dependent, and GCs exacerbate @entity4176 (KA)-induced @entity460 mobilization. These observations predict that GCs should also exacerbate KA-induced accumulation of extracellular @entity2227 and @entity492 . To test this, adrenalectomized @entity35 were given replacement GCs in either the low or high physiological range. Three days later, @entity35 were anesthetized and 1 mM KA was infused through a dialysis probe placed in the dorsal hippocampus. Extracellular @entity535 concentrations in the dialysate were then assessed by HPLC. After KA infusion, high-GC @entity35 (30 +/- 3 micrograms/dl) had significantly elevated concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity492 compared with low-GC @entity35 (all less than 0.95 micrograms/dl). The @entity2227 accumulation was due to GCs raising pre-KA concentrations, whereas the @entity492 accumulation was due to GCs exacerbating the KA-induced rise. @entity1160 concentrations were unaffected by KA, whereas the high-GC regimen elevated @entity1160 concentrations both before and after KA. @entity2226 concentrations rose after infusion of KA, but were unaffected by GC regime, whereas @entity493 concentrations were unaffected by either manipulation. @entity563 concentrations were unaffected by KA, but were depressed both before and after KA in high-GC @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glucocorticoids exacerbate @entity4176 -induced extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acids in the XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A Phase II study was performed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1311 and @entity1260 chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Recurrent or progressed @entity0 within 12 months after @entity4349 -based chemotherapy was defined as @entity4349 -resistant. A 24-hour infusion of @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) on Day 1 and subsequent infusions of @entity1260 (1.8 g/m(2)/day) with mesna (360 mg/m(2)/day) on Days 2- 4, were performed every 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 were eligible for @entity137 analysis. Response rate and survival duration were evaluated in 21 @entity1 . Frontline chemotherapy was the FAC ( @entity1487 , @entity632 , @entity786 ) regimen in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Objective response was found in 9 @entity1 (42.9%), including complete response in 3 (13.4%). Median response duration and median survival duration were 10 months (range, 2-24+) and 19+ months (range, 2-32+), respectively. Sixteen (76%) experienced Grade 3/4 @entity1431 controllable with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Other significant @entity137 were @entity1897 (n = 3), @entity33 (n = 2), and @entity409 (n = 1). However, there was no chemotherapy-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 by 24-hour infusion combined with @entity1260 is efficacious in the treatment of @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 with tolerable @entity137 . Further trials verifying the result of the authors' study are warranted.

title: A Phase II study of @entity1311 by 24-hour infusion and XXXX in @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast carcinoma', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prognostic factors following @entity64 remain to be established. The aim of this study was to determine early prognostic factors related with a 30-day mortality in first episode @entity385 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 329 consecutive @entity1 , aged between 33 and 99 years (mean age +/- SD 69 +/- 12.6) admitted within 24 hours following their first supratentorial @entity385 , confirmed either by computer tomography (CT) and/or autopsy. The following data were assessed within 24 hours of hospitalization: gender, age, history of @entity6 , history of @entity63 @entity299 , @entity28 , the @entity51 at entry and after one day, level of consciousness at entry and after one day, @entity943 at entry, blood pressure at entry and body temperature on the first day following @entity64 . We also assessed particular serum biochemical and hematological markers including: hematocrit, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, gamma globulin level, @entity413 level, @entity165 level, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1011 kinase (CK) level. The end-point for assessment was early @entity204 (within 30 days). Statistical analysis consisted of univariate analysis and multiple regression. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that an older age, increased @entity51 at entry and on the next day, @entity909 at entry and on the next day, @entity943 , increased body temperature and @entity413 level, decreased @entity165 level and increased CK level were significantly associated with @entity204 after 30 days (p < or = 0.05). During multivariate analysis, only a severe @entity51 (Scandinavian @entity64 Scale < or = 15 points) both at entry and on the next day (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 2.83-24.35), @entity909 within the first 24 hours of hospitalization (OR = 19.2; 95% CI: 2.84-127.77) and @entity943 (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.37-13.77) were associated with @entity204 after 30 days. CONCLUSION: A severe @entity51 lasting 24 hours, @entity909 within 24 hours of hospitalization and @entity943 are the most important indicators of 30-day mortality in @entity1 with first-time @entity385 .

title: Early predictors of 30-day mortality in supratentorial XXXX @entity1 --first episode.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['decreased consciousness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Changes in sympathetic and vagal tone may be the substrate for the development of @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The cardiovascular responses in the traditional autonomic tests show great interindividual and intraindividual variations. During sleep there are repetitive modifications of heart rate (HR) that are not influenced by psychologic factors or the @entity1 's cooperation. For this reason, we evaluated HR modifications in relation to spontaneous body movements (BM) and @entity387 during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in habitual snorers with normal and pathologic respiratory disturbance index (RDI). From 132 consecutive @entity1 referred to our sleep center for habitual snoring and/or daytime somnolence, we selected 35 male @entity1 younger than 60 years without clinical evidence of @entity5433 . They were divided into three groups: group A (RDI < 10); group B (RDI > 10 and < 20); and group C (RDI > 20). No significant difference was found among the three groups in the HR variability related to BM. In the evaluation of bradytachyarrhythmias related to apneic events of 20 to 30 s, we found a significant difference between group A and the other two groups. In @entity1 with RDI > 10, a reduced HR variability related to a reduced sympathetic tone in the post- @entity386 phase was observed. Some authors suggested that an HR increase during the post- @entity386 period can be used as an index of "brainstem arousal." Our results seem to indicate a reduced @entity386 -related "arousability" in @entity1 with RDI > 10. This finding might be one of the factors contributing to the worsening of @entity27 .

title: Heart rate variability during sleep in snorers with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apneas']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']