abstract: In clinical practice, graft rejection in small-bowel transplantation should be diagnosed before irreversible condition of the graft. We have already reported the usefulness of endoscopic examination for the early detection of acute rejection in a @entity35 model. Here we evaluated rejection after discontinuance of @entity50274 by endoscopy. Heterotopic small-bowel transplantation was performed by the cuff method from a DA to a LEW @entity35 . Endoscopic and histological examinations were performed through the stomas. Two-week administration of @entity50274 significantly prolonged graft survival. Graft rejection after discontinuance of the agent occurred much more slowly than rejection without the immunosuppressive drug. Erosive mucosal changes were endoscopically observed in the early phase of rejection in @entity35 that did not receive the immunosuppressant. However, endoscopic findings after discontinuance of @entity50274 indicated @entity4 and thickening of the wall without erosion, and, histologically, the grafted intestine showed slowly-progressing rejection with flattened villi. If we pay attention to @entity4 and hardening of intestinal wall, and take selective biopsies, endoscopic examination may improve the early diagnosis of slowly progressive rejection in the clinical setting.

title: Endoscopic findings in transplanted allo-intestine of XXXX after discontinuance of immunosuppressive agent.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous changes']

entities_list: @entity50274 :: ('MESH:C076911', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-deoxyspergualin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The biochemical and cellular pathways resulting in the production of proliferative scar in the thermally injured @entity1 remain incompletely elucidated. A promising area of investigation is the phenomenon of programmed cell death and its modulation. The following study was designed to quantify differential levels of the @entity588 protooncogene and the Fas cell surface receptor, two apoptosis-modulating proteins, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractions of @entity4808 @entity1 with @entity2805 versus those considered to have healed normally. The study also encompassed an immunohistochemical examination of fibroblasts in vitro, to identify differential levels of Fas, @entity588 , and @entity9302 ( @entity9302 ). METHODS: PBMC fractions were isolated from two matched @entity4808 @entity1 cohorts of 10 @entity1 each, the experimental group carrying the clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of @entity2805 . The supernatant from each mitogenically stimulated specimen was halved and subjected to the Fas/ @entity1197 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the @entity588 ELISA. Results for each assay were compared between groups by unpaired t tests. Further biopsy specimens of isolated proliferative scar were used in vitro to analyze the role of these apoptosis-modulating proteins and @entity9302 . This immunoperoxidase technique was analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: The expression of the @entity588 protein in the PBMC fractions of the @entity4808 @entity1 with @entity2805 is significantly elevated in comparison to the control cohort (307.72 +/- 72.29 u/ml vs 31.55 +/- 6.73 u/ml; P = 0.0042). The quantitative levels of the Fas receptor did not differ significantly between the groups, respectively (0.3988 +/- 0.179 u/ml vs 0.2899 +/- 0.066 u/ml; P = 0.5787). Immunoperoxidase staining of proliferative scar fibroblasts and those from surrounding skin revealed relatively decreased levels of membrane-bound Fas and @entity9302 . @entity588 was not detectable in these specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of the @entity588 protooncogene and the Fas cell surface receptor in the PBMC fraction of @entity1 with @entity130 may suggest a disequilibrium in a complex biochemical signaling mechanism mediating programmed cell death. The increased levels of @entity588 could be responsible for delayed fibroblast apoptosis, resulting in the disruption of normal healing and subsequent @entity1184 scarring. This is confirmed by an in vitro examination of wound fibroblasts versus those from surrounding uninjured skin. This immunoperoxidase technique reveals a localized relative decrease in Fas and @entity9302 , two apoptosis-inducing proteins, at the level of the fibroblast in the proliferative scar specimen.

title: Differential production of apoptosis-modulating proteins in XXXX with @entity2805 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic burn scar', 'hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity9302 :: ('834', 'Gene') :: ['ICE', 'interleukin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate clinical outcome and tissue @entity130 after laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were randomized to undergo either laparoscopic (n = 25) or abdominal (n = 25) hysterectomy. Surgical characteristics, hospital stay, convalescence and complications were analyzed. Blood samples for assay of markers of tissue @entity130 ( @entity650 , @entity1851 , @entity5 -associated trypsin inhibitor and @entity5 -associated antigen CA 125) were taken preoperatively, on the first, second and seventh postoperative day and at the follow-up visit four weeks after surgery. RESULTS: In uncomplicated hysterectomies (n = 18) the operating time (85.3 min versus 57.5 min, p < 0.00001) was longer for laparoscopic group but the hospital stay (2.1 days versus 3.4 days, p < 0.00001) and sick leave (21.4 days versus 38.5 days, p < 0.00001) were shorter in the laparoscopic group. Postoperative increases in all markers were significant in both groups. The @entity650 concentration was highest on the first postoperative day in both groups, that of @entity1851 on the second postoperative day in both groups, @entity5 -associated trypsin inhibitor on the seventh postoperative day in the laparoscopic group and on the second postoperative day in the abdominal group and @entity5 -associated antigen CA 125 on the seventh postoperative day in both groups. Both @entity650 and @entity1851 levels were lower in the laparoscopic group on the first (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) and on the second postoperative day (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared with the abdominal group. No differences were seen in @entity5 -associated trypsin inhibitor and @entity5 -associated antigen CA 125 levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic hysterectomy should replace abdominal hysterectomy whenever possible because of a more favorable clinical outcome and less tissue @entity130 .

title: Clinical outcome and tissue XXXX after laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unresectable @entity788 (UPC) has low survival. With improving staging techniques and systemic therapy, local control in @entity1 without @entity3 may have increasing importance. We investigated whether the radiation dose used in chemoradiation (CRT) as definitive treatment for UPC and the CA 19-9 response to therapy have an impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: From 1997-2009 46 @entity1 were treated with CRT for non-metastatic UPC. Median prescribed RT dose was 54 Gy (range 50.4-59.4 Gy). All @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy (41: @entity1487 , 5: other) and 24 received adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: 41 @entity1 were inoperable due to @entity66 and 5 @entity1 with @entity66 were medically inoperable. Five @entity1 did not complete CRT due to progressive disease or treatment-related @entity137 (median RT dose 43.2 Gy). Overall, 42 @entity1 were dead of disease at the time of last follow-up. The median and 12 month @entity1349 were 8.8 months and 35%, respectively. By univariate analysis, minimum CA 19-9 post-CRT <90 U/mL was favorably associated with @entity1349 (12.3 versus 8.8 months, p = 0.012). Radiotherapy dose >= 54 Gy trended towards improved @entity1349 (11.3 versus 6.8 months, p = 0.089). By multivariable analysis, a delivered RT dose of >= 54 Gy (HR 0.47, p = 0.028) and minimum CA 19-9 post-CRT of <90 U/mL (HR 0.35, p = 0.008) were associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: CRT as definitive treatment for UPC had low survival. However, our retrospective data suggest that @entity1 treated to >= 54 Gy or observed to have a minimum post-CRT CA 19-9 <90 U/mL had improved likelihood of long-term survival.

title: Radiation dose >= 54 Gy and CA 19-9 response are associated with improved survival for unresectable, non-metastatic XXXX treated with chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T4 disease', 'T3 disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Lipoprotein(a) [ @entity3452 ] has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for @entity301 . However, the precise mechanism by which it contributes to the development of @entity731 remains unclear. @entity8729 is one of the major adhesion molecules to mediate the interaction between monocytes, platelets and endothelial cells. Increased expression of @entity8729 has been frequently found in @entity731 . The present study assessed the effects of native and oxidized LDL (n-LDL and ox-LDL) and @entity3452 (n- @entity3452 and @entity3452 ) on the expression of @entity8729 in cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell ELISA was used to measure the expression of @entity8729 in HUVECs and monocyte adhesion assay was used to detect whether the @entity8729 expressed in HUVECs was functional. @entity8729 mRNA expression in HUVECs was determined by Northern blot. Results showed that @entity8729 protein expression was not influenced by n-LDL, but was moderately increased by ox-LDL and n- @entity3452 . @entity3452 was the most potent stimulus for @entity8729 expression, increasing it in HUVECs by 144 +/- 10% at 10 nmol/l and 202 +/- 22% at 20 nmol/l. In addition, it showed that dose dependency induced monocyte adherence to endothelial cells after incubation of HUVECs with @entity3452 . Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the amount of @entity8729 mRNA was markedly increased after treatment with @entity3452 but not with n-LDL, ox-LDL and n- @entity3452 . These results demonstrate that @entity3452 can induce @entity8729 expression in HUVECs, which may thereby influence the pathogenesis of athersclerosis.

title: Oxidized lipoprotein(a) enhanced the expression of XXXX in cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity8729 :: (6403,Gene) :: ['P-selectin']


abstract: Inhibitory mechanisms of @entity3044 and @entity16959 for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated experimental @entity56 in @entity35 were studied. IgE-mediated passive cutaneous @entity2021 , @entity112 -induced cutaneous reaction and @entity750 -induced cutaneous reaction were evoked at the same time in the same @entity35 . @entity3044 administered intravenously immediately before challenge inhibited all these reactions significantly. @entity16959 administered intravenously 0-3 h before challenge also significantly inhibited the three cutaneous reactions. The inhibition was maximum when the drug was given 1 h before challenge. Passive cutaneous @entity2021 was always inhibited more potently than @entity112 -induced cutaneous reaction and @entity750 -induced cutaneous reaction by these beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Passive peritoneal @entity2021 was caused by injecting an antigen intravenously. @entity3044 administered intravenously immediately before challenge inhibited the reaction significantly. @entity16959 administered intravenously 0-3 h before challenge also significantly inhibited passive peritoneal @entity2021 , maximally so when given 1 h before challenge. In vitro IgE-dependent @entity112 release from sensitized peritoneal mast cells or mesenteric mast cells was not affected by @entity3044 and @entity16959 . Mouse monoclonal IgE, a foreign protein, administered intravenously decreased rapidly in the circulation. About 50% of the @entity19 IgE given disappeared in 20 min. The decrease of @entity19 IgE was partly but significantly inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonists, and the inhibition was abolished by simultaneous treatment with @entity1169 . These results indicate that direct inhibition of mast cell activation does not contribute to the potent inhibition of in vivo @entity56 in @entity35 by beta-adrenoceptor agonists, and that inhibition of the allergic cutaneous reaction is partially explained by the inhibition of vascular permeability increases caused by mast cell mediators. Penetration of intravenously administered antigen from blood vessels to peripheral tissues to cause mast cell activation might be inhibited by beta-adrenoceptor agonists, and this could play some role in inhibiting intravenous antigen-induced @entity56 in @entity35 . @entity16959 exhibited its maximum action with some latency in vivo, suggesting that some time-requiring process may be involved in the manifestation of its action.

title: Inhibitory mechanisms of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for immunoglobulin E-mediated experimental @entity56 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and timing of re-operation for @entity548 following thyroidectomy ( @entity19581 ) and parathyroidectomy ( @entity33934 ) as well as the implications of this concerning the safety of ambulatory surgery. METHODS: @entity1 requiring re-operation after @entity19581 and @entity33934 were identified from a computerized database of @entity1 undergoing surgery between 3/l/95 and 12/31/99. The medical records of these @entity1 were reviewed in detail. RESULTS: Six of 918 @entity19581 (0.7%) and 4 of 350 @entity33934 (1.1%) required re-operation for @entity548 . In two cases the wounds were opened emergently at the bedside due to worsening @entity1224 . One @entity1 required an emergency tracheostomy. There were no deaths. Excluding one @entity1 who bled five days post-operatively, the time interval from the completion of surgery to the identification of postoperative @entity1410 ranged from 2 to 48 hours, the median being 16 hours. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 is an uncommon but unavoidable complication of @entity19581 and @entity33934 . If treated promptly, serious consequences can be avoided. The relatively long interval between the initial operation and the development of the @entity1410 needs to be considered when recommending the performance of these procedures on an ambulatory basis.

title: Re-operation for XXXX after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: AIM: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls progressively in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) which is caused by a reduction in the number of functional nephrons. The dysfunctional nephron exhibits a lower glomerular capillary pressure that is induced by an unbalance between afferent and efferent arteriole. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by @entity740 differentially impairs the structure or function of efferent vs. afferent arterioles. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 received sham operations (sham) or 5/6 nephrectomy (RRM) and three months of normal- or high-salt diet or tempol. GFR was assessed from the plasma inulin clearance, arteriolar remodelling from media/lumen area ratio, myogenic responses from changes in luminal diameter with increases in perfusion pressure and passive wall compliance from the wall stress/strain relationships. RESULTS: @entity19 with RRM fed a high salt (vs. sham) had a lower GFR (553      25 vs. 758      36   L  min(-1)   g(-1) kidney, P  <  0.01) and a larger efferent arteriolar diameter (9.6      0.8 vs. 7.4      0.7   m, P  <  0.05) resulting in a lower media/lumen area ratio (1.4      0.1 vs. 2.4      0.2, P  <  0.01). These alterations were corrected by tempol. The myogenic responses of efferent arterioles were about one-half that of afferent arterioles and were unaffected by RRM or salt. Passive wall compliance was reduced by high salt in both afferent and efferent arterioles. CONCLUSION: A reduction in renal mass with a high-salt diet induces oxidative stress that leads to an outward eutrophic remodelling in efferent arterioles and reduced wall compliance in both afferent and efferent arterioles. This may contribute to the lower GFR in this model of @entity740 .

title: High-salt diet induces outward remodelling of efferent arterioles in XXXX with reduced renal mass.

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Cultured normal @entity19 keratinocytes maintain a basal cell phenotype in medium with a @entity141 concentration of 0.05 mM and differentiate when exposed for 28-48 h to medium supplemented with extracellular @entity141 greater than 0.10 mM. Previous studies have documented @entity141 activation of signaling pathways in the plasma membrane and tightly regulated cellular responses to small incremental changes in extracellular @entity141 . To determine if changes in free cytosolic @entity460 (Cai) are associated with these early signaling events, digital image analysis of @entity593 -loaded keratinocytes was used to measure Cai in individual cells. Basal keratinocytes in 0.05 mM @entity141 display a biphasic Cai increase when exposed to greater than 0.1 mM @entity141 in serum-containing medium. These separate phases were controlled by different media components. Initial peak Cai occurred rapidly (within 60 s), was transient (lasting less than 5 min), and resulted from release of 10-20% of total intracellular @entity141 stores. Peak Cai depended on serum concentration and was independent of extracellular @entity141 . This transient Cai response was lost as keratinocytes differentiated. Plateau Cai level was sustained (greater than 24 h) and depended on extracellular @entity141 , but not serum. The magnitude of plateau Cai increased incrementally following increases in extracellular @entity141 as small as 0.02 mM. A similar biphasic Cai increase was noted in cultures of @entity19 dermal fibroblasts stimulated by 1.2 mM @entity141 and serum. However, fibroblasts did not lose the serum response in high- @entity141 medium, and plateau Cai was not sensitive to small changes in extracellular @entity141 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regulation of intracellular free @entity460 in normal XXXX keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver resection is the only curative therapy for metastatic @entity14 . However, recurrence occurs in the majority of the cases. Hilar lymph node @entity3 occur with a high frequency but the methodology for its detection and the impact on the outcome of @entity1 undergoing hepatectomy is still unknown. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-six @entity1 submitted to partial liver resection and systematic lymphadenectomy were studied prospectively. Lymph nodes considered negative by @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining were analyzed by serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-human pancytokeratin antibody @entity1325 / @entity1326 . Recurrence-free and overall survivals were compared among LN groups. RESULTS: The mean number of dissected lymph nodes were 6.3 per @entity1 . H_E showed microscopic involvement of LN in 2 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 had @entity3 identified only by IHC. The median follow-up was 39.3 months. Sixteen @entity1 (61.5%) recurred after liver resection and although no statistical difference in survival was demonstrated there was a trend towards shorter recurrence-free survival among microscopic positive LN. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic LN @entity3 may have impact in the outcome of @entity1 submitted to curative hepatectomy. A better definition of micrometastases to LN is warranted, as though the potential benefit of hilar lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy selection by hilar lymph node status.

title: Diagnosis and impact of hilar lymph node micrometastases on the outcome of resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lymph node @entity3 is known as a significant predictor of prognosis in @entity14 @entity1 . Recently, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been applied to detecting micrometastasis. To assess the risk of recurrence and accurately determine the spread of @entity5 cells, we examined lymph node micrometastases in a series of @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: We examined 202 lymph nodes obtained from 13 @entity14 @entity1 who underwent curative operation and were histologically diagnosed to be node-negative, using RT-PCR to amplify mRNAs for two epithelial markers, @entity787 and @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ). RESULTS: All the cases, including early stage @entity1 , had micrometastases. A total of 102 among 202 lymph nodes (50.5%) were positive for either @entity787 or @entity2225 , or both (47.0, 40.1, and 36.6% respectively). Positive lymph nodes were spread along the courses of vascular trunks as well as being located in more distant regions. CONCLUSIONS: Even in histologically negative lymph nodes, there is a considerable possibility that micrometastases may exist. Their detection by RT-PCR may improve clinical staging and indications for @entity5 therapy. We should also take care in the choice of surgical approach.

title: Spread of @entity14 micrometastases in regional lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions for @entity787 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin 20']


abstract: @entity172 may mediate some of its effects on hippocampal function through the alpha isoform of the @entity172 receptor ( @entity7605 ). By light microscopy, @entity7605 -immunoreactivity (-I) is found in the nuclei of scattered inhibitory @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic interneurons. However, several lines of evidence indicate that @entity172 also may exert some of its effects through rapid nongenomic mechanisms, possibly by binding to plasma membranes. Thus, to determine whether @entity7605 is found in extranuclear sites in the hippocampal formation (HF), four different antibodies to @entity7605 were localized by immunoelectron microscopy in proestrous @entity35 . Ultrastructural analysis revealed that in addition to interneuronal nuclei, @entity7605 -I was affiliated with the cytoplasmic plasmalemma of select interneurons and with endosomes of a subset of principal (pyramidal and granule) cells. Moreover, @entity7605 labeling was found in profiles dispersed throughout the HF, but slightly more numerous in @entity1249 stratum radiatum. Approximately 50% of the @entity7605 -labeled profiles were unmyelinated axons and axon terminals that contained numerous small, synaptic vesicles. @entity7605 -labeled terminals formed both asymmetric and symmetric synapses on dendritic shafts and spines, suggesting that ERalphas arise from sources in addition to inhibitory interneurons. About 25% of the @entity7605 -I was found in dendritic spines, many originating from principal cells. Within spines, @entity7605 -I often was associated with spine apparati and/or polyribosomes, suggesting that @entity172 might act locally through the @entity7605 to influence @entity460 availability, protein translation, or synaptic growth. The remaining 25% of @entity7605 -labeled profiles were astrocytes, often located near the spines of principal cells. Collectively, these results suggest that @entity7605 may serve as both a genomic and nongenomic transducer of @entity172 action in the HF.

title: Ultrastructural evidence that hippocampal alpha XXXX receptors are located at extranuclear sites.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Deficits in forepaw adjusting steps in @entity35 have been proposed as a non-drug-induced model of the @entity910 associated with @entity191 . The present study examined the relationship between contralateral forepaw adjusting steps and @entity935 depletion after medial forebrain bundle lesions with @entity2955 . Depletion of striatal @entity935 by >80% resulted in dramatic reductions in the ability of @entity35 to make adjusting steps, but @entity35 with < 80% @entity935 depletion had no detectable deficit. The deficit in forepaw adjusting steps was evident by three days after lesions and did not recover for up to 13 weeks. Compared to @entity3826 -induced rotation, the deficit in adjusting steps was evident at milder @entity935 depletion. @entity75 were also utilized to localize the striatal subregions that mediate forepaw adjusting steps. Forepaw adjusting steps were reduced after lesions of dorsolateral, ventrolateral or ventrocentral striatum, but not after lesions of dorsomedial, dorsocentral or ventromedial striatum. The reductions in adjusting steps after the discrete striatal lesions were not as severe as after medial forebrain bundle lesions. Furthermore, none of the discrete striatal lesions resulted in rotation after @entity3826 administration, although a few resulted in increase in @entity4944 -induced rotation. Administration of @entity3034 partially reversed the reductions of forepaw adjusting steps in both sets of lesion experiments. Together, these results suggest that forepaw adjusting step deficits in the @entity35 provide a good model for the @entity910 of @entity191 both in medial forebrain bundle and striatal lesions, and would be a useful tool for investigating the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies.

title: Biochemical and anatomical characterization of forepaw adjusting steps in @entity35 models of XXXX : studies on medial forebrain bundle and striatal lesions.

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Discrete striatal lesions']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Active @entity4664 metabolism occurs in @entity1460 (L.) seeds during development. Most (>/=97%) of @entity7224 (Put), @entity11667 ( @entity18162 ), @entity8037 (Spm), and @entity7226 (Cad) are present as free forms in the growing embryo. In the cotyledon or @entity2085 , Put decreases to a nearly undetectable level, while @entity18162 level sharply increases as seed dry weight accumulation progresses. Spm level in the @entity2270 also increases along with the @entity18162 level. There is little change in Spm level in the cotyledons. Maturation and dehydration results in a slight reduction of @entity18162 level in the cotyledons. Cad is present in relatively large quantities (5.5-12 micromoles per gram dry weight) in the axes of mature @entity1460 seeds. Only traces of Cad, as expressed on a dry weight basis, are found in the developing or mature cotyledons. The synthesis and accumulation of Cad in the @entity2270 begins at the time when the @entity2270 or the seed accumulates 30 to 50% of its maximum dry weight. The Cad accumulation (0.8 nanomole per @entity2270 per day) proceeds until the later stages of dehydration. When @entity1460 plants are subjected to complete defoliation and shade during the midpoint of seed maturation, Cad accumulation in the @entity2270 and seed dry weight accumulation ceased almost immediately. The treatment, however, does not affect the viability of @entity1460 seeds.

title: @entity4664 Titer in the @entity2085 and Cotyledons of XXXX (L.) during Seed Growth and Maturation.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic axis']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7226 :: ('MESH:D002103', 'Chemical') :: ['cadaverine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Glycine max']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall response rate, @entity137 and overall survival in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity418 treated with @entity136 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with either @entity1544 of the esophagus could enroll; however, @entity1 could not have received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Treatment cycles consisted of infusions of all three agents at days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 28 days. @entity1 received @entity136 1,000, @entity4181 25 and @entity1487 600 mg/m(2). Tumor assessment was performed every 2 cycles. Responses were assessed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group solid @entity5 response criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with metastatic or locally advanced @entity418 enrolled. One complete response and ten partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 31.4%. An additional 11 @entity1 had stable disease as their best response. The median survival was 9.8 months with a 1-year survival rate of 37.1%. @entity137 was predominately hematologic, with 58% of @entity1 experiencing grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity136 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 had activity in advanced @entity418 . @entity1 tolerated the regimen well, with myelosuppression occurring most commonly. The combination merits further investigation as a treatment for @entity418 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity136 , @entity1487 and XXXX in advanced @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible role for @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 ) as pre-operative markers for the diagnosis of @entity43 . METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 admitted to the gynaecological emergency room with suspected clinical diagnosis of @entity43 were prospectively assigned to the study. Blood samples were drawn pre-operatively and examined for serum concentrations of @entity650 and @entity310 . Surgeons were blinded to laboratory results prior to laparoscopy. RESULTS: The pre-operative diagnosis of @entity43 was confirmed during an urgent diagnostic laparoscopy in 8 (40%) @entity1 . The surgical diagnosis among the remaining 12 @entity1 was a large @entity42 not in torsion. In six out of eight (75.0%) @entity1 with @entity43 serum @entity650 concentrations were elevated. None of the 12 @entity1 without torsion had elevated serum @entity650 concentrations. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 with elevated serum @entity310 concentrations, two of eight (25.0%) @entity1 with torsion and four of 12 (33.3%) control cases. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum @entity650 concentrations, but not serum @entity310 concentrations, were significantly associated with the occurrence of @entity43 . In @entity1 with vague clinical signs of @entity43 , serum @entity650 might help to distinguish which @entity1 should undergo diagnostic laparoscopy.

title: The accuracy of serum @entity650 and XXXX @entity39 factor as markers for @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: The rotational molecular dynamics of water confined to layered @entity8369 materials with brucite structure was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10(-2) to 10(7) Hz and in a broad temperature interval. The layered double @entity2145 samples show one relaxation process, which was assigned to fluctuations of water molecules forming a layer, strongly adsorbed to the @entity8369 surface. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rates has an unusual saddlelike shape characterized by a maximum. The model of Ryabov et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845) recently applied to describe the dynamics of water molecules in porous glasses is employed also for the layered materials. This model assumes two competing effects: rotational fluctuations of water molecules that take place simultaneously with defect formation, allowing the creation of free volume necessary for reorientation. The activation energy of rotational fluctuations, the energy of defect formation, a pre-exponential factor, and the defect concentration are obtained as main parameters from a fit of this model to the data. The values of these parameters were compared with those found for water confined to nanoporous molecular sieves, porous glasses, or bulk ice. Several correlations were discussed in detail, such as the lower the value of the energy of defect formation, the higher the number of defects. The pre-exponential factor increases with increasing activation energy, as an expression of the compensation law, and indicates the cooperative nature of the motional process. The involvement of the surface @entity2145 groups and of the @entity26 atoms of the interlayer anions in the formation of @entity3884 bonds was further discussed. For the birnessite sample, the relaxation processes are probably overlaid by a dominating conductivity contribution, which is analyzed in its frequency and temperature dependence. It is found that the conductivity of birnessite obeys the characteristics of semiconducting disordered materials. Especially the Barton/Nakajima/Namikawa relationship is fulfilled. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the direct current (dc) conductivity sigma0 in detail gives some hint that sigma0(T) has also an unusual saddlelike form.

title: Rotational fluctuations of water confined to layered XXXX materials: nonmonotonous temperature dependence of relaxation times.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide', 'OH']

answer: @entity8369 :: (CHEBI:25741,Chemical) :: ['oxide']


abstract: One hundred twenty-five assessable @entity1 with @entity978 were randomized to receive @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (MOPP) or MOPP alternating with @entity11770 (CCNU), @entity632 , @entity1732 , and @entity3839 (CABS). The median follow-up is 7.7 years. The complete response rate was 60 of 66 MOPP-treated @entity1 (91%) and 54 of 59 MOPP/CABS-treated @entity1 (92%) (difference not significant). The level of the disease-free survival curve at longest follow-up is 65% for MOPP-treated @entity1 and 72% for MOPP/CABS-treated @entity1 (difference not significant). The overall survival at 12 years is projected at 68% for MOPP-treated @entity1 and 54% for MOPP/CABS-treated @entity1 (difference not significant). Thus, there were no significant differences in efficacy between MOPP and MOPP/CABS. However, MOPP/CABS was more emetogenic than MOPP, and four MOPP/CABS-treated @entity1 went on to develop secondary @entity3052 . No MOPP-treated @entity1 developed @entity1778 . High initial erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high platelet counts adversely affected treatment outcome. MOPP-treated @entity1 who received greater than 81% of the projected dose intensity of @entity1891 over the first three cycles had significantly improved disease-free survival rates over those receiving less than 81%. MOPP/CABS-treated @entity1 who received greater than 82% of the projected dose intensity of @entity1891 had significantly better overall survival than those who received less than 82%. Disease-free survival on both arms was significantly better in @entity1 who received greater than 84% of the projected dose intensity of all agents. The effect of dose intensity was particularly apparent in @entity1 with poor prognostic factors where those who received greater than 84% of the projected dose intensity of all agents had significantly improved disease-free and overall survival.

title: Treatment of XXXX : alternating noncrossresistant MOPP/CABS is not superior to MOPP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Identifying genes whose differential expression affect the survival of @entity1 after @entity5 surgery is a major aim of clinical @entity5 research. To address this issue we combined rapid bioinformatic search algorithms with quantitative RT-PCR in a panel of clearly defined cases of @entity14 with detailed @entity1 histories. Search algorithms were written that identified Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from the Unigene EST collection of putative open reading frames (ORFs). Expression ratios of healthy to cancerous tissue of each Unigene ORF were calculated. The first 35 candidates arising from bioinformatic searches were examined for mRNA expression in a panel of 20 well documented cases of @entity694 . Four of these 35 genes showed significant correlations with histopathological parameters. Therefore, their expression was further analysed by quantitative RT-PCR in a larger @entity1 cohort. Kaplan-Meier/log rank statistical tests of up to 49 @entity1 in three of the four genes demonstrated significant association of gene expression with poor survival. All four genes demonstrated a strong association with @entity3 progression. Expression of the genes was localized to epithelial cells by in-situ hybridization.

title: A rapid bioinformatic method identifies novel genes with direct clinical relevance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity131 (also called @entity3702 ) represent the main cause for morbidity and mortality in the context of @entity1 abuse. It often occur in young @entity1 aged less than 8months. The shaking leading to @entity1545 are very violent and sometimes associated with a final impact. @entity1504 may be isolated without skeletal @entity130 or @entity2981 . In any suspicion of such a diagnosis, emergency hospitalization is indicated. Brain CT, easy to perform in emergency, is the diagnostic key. It discloses diffuse @entity3439 in typical sites as vertex, interhemispheric space and tentorium. There is no clear background of @entity130 and the related story is changing over time. The 3D analysis of the skull looks for signs of recent impact as a @entity174 that is sometimes complex and/or a soft tissue swelling of the scalp. Intraparenchymal injuries (contusions, tearing, and overall anoxic @entity63 ) are better analyzed with MRI. The prognosis depends on their extent. Ophtalmologic examination is systematically performed looking for @entity5861 (around one third of cases) which may be very subtle. Bruising is a major diagnostic sign, but inconstantly present. A precise datation of skeletal and/or @entity1545 is not possible with imaging and the only indication of use is to establish the presence of "age different lesions". This indicates repeated @entity130 and thereby a high risk of recurrence.

title: [ XXXX : which lesions in imaging ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Non-accidental brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injuries']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial injuries']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['Shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prenatal diagnosis of @entity8453 enables couples at risk to have a healthy @entity1 . Currently used fetal sampling procedures are invasive with some risk of @entity2208 . A non-invasive approach to obtain fetal @entity3141 ( @entity3141 ) for diagnosis would eliminate this risk. AIM: To develop and evaluate a non-invasive prenatal diagnostic approach for @entity8453 using cell-free fetal @entity3141 circulating in the maternal plasma. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Couples referred to us for prenatal diagnosis of @entity8453 where the maternal and paternal mutations were different were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maternal peripheral blood was collected at different periods of gestation before the invasive fetal sampling procedure was done. The blood was centrifuged to isolate the plasma and prepare @entity3141 . A size separation approach was used to isolate fetal @entity3141 . Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocols were developed for detection of the presence or absence of the paternal mutation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were 30 couples where the parental mutations were different. Of these, in 14 cases the paternal mutation was absent and in 16 cases it was present in the fetus. Using cell-free fetal @entity3141 from maternal plasma, the absence of the paternal mutation was accurately determined in 12 of the 14 cases and the presence of the paternal mutation was correctly identified in 12 of the 16 cases. Thus, this non-invasive approach gave comparable results to those obtained by the conventional invasive fetal sampling methods in 24 cases giving an accuracy of 80.0%. Although the nested PCR approach enabled amplification of small quantities of cell-free @entity3141 from maternal plasma at different periods of gestation after size separation to eliminate the more abundant maternal @entity3141 , an accurate diagnosis of the presence or absence of the paternal mutation in the fetus was not possible in all cases to make it clinically applicable.

title: Detection of fetal mutations causing XXXX by non-invasive prenatal diagnosis from maternal plasma.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['DNA', 'deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['hemoglobinopathies']


abstract: @entity19347 + cells constitute 13 +/- 3% of freshly isolated (CBA x C57BL/6)F1 @entity19 spleen leukocytes. Three distinct populations were identified: @entity5168 + @entity11386 - conventional T cells (6%), @entity5168 - @entity11386 - granulocytes (5%) and @entity5168 + @entity11386 + T cells (approximately 2%). The @entity5168 + @entity11386 + cells displayed a predominantly large granular leukocyte morphology and were the only @entity19347 + cell subset identified by MAb 2B6-F2 to spontaneously lyse the NK-sensitive @entity9599 @entity5 in vitro. On further phenotypic analysis, these cells co-expressed high levels of TCRV beta 8.1/8.2 and @entity3804 , moderate levels of @entity3512 and low levels of @entity1961 or CD8. The removal of @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells prior to @entity19347 + cell sorting showed that it was the @entity1961 -CD8- double-negative (DN) @entity5168 + @entity11386 + T-cell subset which was responsible for killing @entity9599 . These results indicate that we have identified a DN @entity19347 + subset of the recently designated @entity11386 +TCR alpha beta low natural T (NT) cells, which are capable of natural cell-mediated @entity137 (NCMC) against the NK-sensitive YAC-I @entity5 in vitro. Additionally, these cells mediated the in vitro killing of 2 further @entity5 , @entity19 B16 @entity320 and @entity1 Jurkat @entity784 . @entity9599 and Jurkat expressed Fas and were susceptible to anti-Fas MAb or rhuman Fas ligand (rhFasL)-induced lysis. Furthermore, anti-human Fas MAb M3 was shown to block sorted @entity19347 + splenocyte in vitro killing of Jurkat. In contrast, B16 did not express cell-surface Fas and was resistant to anti-Fas MAb-induced lysis. Taken together, these results show that not only do @entity19347 + NT cells kill @entity5 in vitro but they mediate this activity via multiple cytotoxic mechanisms including Fas.

title: Natural cell-mediated @entity137 (NCMC) against @entity5 in vitro by XXXX spleen @entity19347 + natural T cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NK-sensitive tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Peripheral nerves are susceptible to injury in the athlete because of the excessive physiological demands that are made on both the @entity16 and the soft tissues that protect them. The common mechanisms of injury are compression, traction, ischaemia and laceration. Seddon's original classification system for nerve @entity130 based on neurophysiological changes is the most widely used. Grade 1 @entity128 is a @entity558 , grade 2 is axonal degeneration and grade 3 is nerve transection. @entity1897 are more common in the upper extremities than the lower extremities, tend to be sport specific, and often have a biomechanical component. While the more acute and catastrophic @entity16 are usually obvious, many remain subclinical and are not recognised before @entity16 is permanent. Early detection allows initiation of a proper rehabilitation programme and modification of biomechanics before the @entity128 becomes irreversible. Recognition of nerve @entity130 requires an understanding of peripheral neuroanatomy, knowledge of common sites of @entity128 and an awareness of the types of @entity1897 that are common and unique to each sport. The electrodiagnostic exam, usually referred to as the 'EMG', consists of nerve conduction studies and the needle electrode examination. It is used to determine the site and degree of @entity16 and to predict outcome. It should be performed by a neurologist or physiatrist (physician specialising in physical medicine and rehabilitation), trained and skilled in this procedure. Timing is essential if the study is to provide maximal information. Findings such as decreased recruitment after @entity616 at the site of injury may be apparent immediately after injury but other findings such as abnormal spontaneous activity may take several weeks to develop. The electrodiagnostic test assists with both diagnosis of the injury and in predicting outcome. @entity128 have a poorer prognosis for neurological recovery. The most common @entity1897 in the athlete is the @entity751 . Though primarily a @entity130 , burners have been reported in wrestling, hockey, basketball and weight-lifting as a result of acute head, neck and/or shoulder @entity130 . Most burners are self-limiting, but they occasionally produce permanent @entity51 . The axillary nerve is commonly injured with shoulder dislocations but is also susceptible to injury by direct compression. The sciatic and common peroneal nerves can be injured by @entity130 . The suprascapular, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median and tibial nerves are susceptible to entrapment. The long thoracic and femoral nerves can be injured by severe traction.

title: XXXX in the athlete.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['neuropraxic condition']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological injuries', 'neurological structures', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal nerve injuries', 'nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['injury and conduction block']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury', 'peripheral nerve injuries', 'Peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['burner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'football injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral nerve injuries']


abstract: Mutation of one of the @entity462 residues in the redox active @entity1520 of @entity39631 reductase from @entity526 results in @entity55748 with @entity2569 138 remaining or @entity45156 with @entity2569 135 remaining. The expression system for the genes encoding thioredoxin reductase, wild-type enzyme, @entity55748 , and @entity45156 has been re-engineered to allow for greater yields of protein. Wild-type enzyme and @entity55748 were found to be as previously reported, whereas discrepancies were detected in the characteristics of @entity45156 . It was shown that the original @entity45156 was a heterogeneous mixture containing @entity45156 and wild-type enzyme and that enzyme obtained from the new expression system is the correct species. @entity45156 obtained from the new expression system having 0.1% activity and 7% @entity1785 fluorescence of wild-type enzyme was used in this study. Reductive titrations show that, as expected, only 1 mol of @entity6857 /mol of FAD is required to reduce @entity45156 . The remaining @entity1432 in @entity55748 and @entity45156 has been reacted with @entity8865 to form mixed @entity1525 . The half time of the reaction was <5 s for @entity2569 138 in @entity55748 and approximately 300 s for @entity2569 135 in @entity45156 showing that @entity2569 138 is much more reactive. The resulting mixed @entity1525 have been reacted with @entity2569 32 in @entity55749 mutant thioredoxin to form stable, covalent adducts @entity45156 - @entity55749 and @entity55748 - @entity55749 . The half times show that @entity2569 138 is approximately fourfold more susceptible to attack by the nucleophile. These results suggest that @entity2569 138 may be the @entity1432 initiating @entity32738 - @entity1520 interchange between thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin.

title: Formation and properties of mixed XXXX between thioredoxin reductase from @entity526 and thioredoxin: evidence that @entity462 -138 functions to initiate @entity32738 - @entity1520 interchange and to accept the reducing equivalent from reduced @entity1785 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dithionite']

entities_list: @entity55749 :: ('p|SUB|C|35|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C35S']

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

entities_list: @entity39631 :: ('CHEBI:15967', 'Chemical') :: ['thioredoxin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1525 :: (MESH:D004220,Chemical) :: ['disulfides']


abstract: Sera from @entity1 with @entity2835 reacted with four major bands in beef heart mitochondria and @entity4430 extract when analyzed by immunoblot after @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. These four immunologically reactive bands corresponded to protein bands with molecular weights of about (a) 80,000; (b) 63,000; (c) 56,000; and (d) 43,000 to 46,000. An additional immunoreactive band was found with some high-titered @entity2835 sera at 36,000. No association with any @entity4430 subunits was found, except for band c which migrated between the alpha- and beta-subunit of @entity4430 . Most @entity4430 fractions did not contain this band c, indicating that M2 determinants, as defined by immunoblot, are not identical with any @entity4430 subunit. Species and nonspecies-specific determinants of M2 were identified using mitochondria from @entity35 liver and @entity1 heart and liver. Antigenic bands a, c and d were nonspecies-specific. Band b and e occurred only in beef heart. An additional determinant at about 38,000 was detected using @entity1 heart and liver mitochondria. @entity2835 sera showed a typical reaction with two protein bands of @entity526 , one at about 85,000 to 90,000 and the other at 60,000. Antibodies against both determinants could be absorbed with submitochondrial particles of beef heart showing that @entity526 shares cross-reacting determinants with mitochondria. Sera from 56 @entity2835 @entity1 were tested using beef heart mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mitochondrial antibodies in XXXX : species and nonspecies specific determinants of M2 antigen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous @entity4183 therapy on the success rate of external cephalic version in term gestation. METHODS: @entity1 with singleton noncephalic gestations were assigned randomly to receive either @entity4183 (0.25 mg) or placebo. Physicians were blinded to the assignment. Fifteen to 30 minutes after the study drug was administered, external cephalic version was attempted. It was discontinued after three attempts, for @entity1 discomfort, for fetal heart rate decelerations, or when successful. @entity1 were discharged home after the procedure and allowed to enter spontaneous labor. Primary outcomes evaluated included initial success of version, presentation in labor, and route of delivery. RESULTS: One hundred three @entity1 were enrolled in the study between January 1994 and June 1995, of whom 52 were assigned to @entity4183 and 51 to placebo. External cephalic version was successful in 27 of 52 (52%) @entity1 receiving @entity4183 compared with 14 of 51 (27%) of those receiving placebo (P = .019). This comparison yielded a relative risk (RR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 6.5). Four of the 27 (15%) successful versions in the @entity4183 group and three of the 14 (21%) successful versions in the placebo group spontaneously reverted to breech presentation. Ultimately, in labor there were 24 (46%) cephalic presentations in the @entity4183 group and 13 (25%) in the placebo group (P = .048, RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.1, 5.8). Cesarean delivery rates were 11 of 41 (27%) for @entity1 with successful versions and 58 of 62 (94%) among those with failed versions (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity4183 (0.25 mg) administered subcutaneously before an attempted version in @entity1 at term with noncephalic presentations significantly increased the initial success rate of version and the rate of cephalic presentations in labor while decreasing the rate of cesarean delivery.

title: A randomized placebo-controlled evaluation of XXXX for external cephalic version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['terbutaline']


abstract: The toxic side-effects of the immunosuppressive drug @entity205 ( @entity870 ) include @entity409 and a decline in circulating @entity251 . However, mechanisms for the consistently observed @entity870 -mediated @entity308 of serum @entity251 levels are unclear because of conflicting reports concerning circulating gonadotropin levels and incomplete studies of intratesticular steroidogenesis. To elucidate these mechanisms, endocrine-regulated testicular steroidogenesis and @entity1446 metabolic parameters were studied in male @entity35 given sc injections of either 25 or 40 mg/kg.day @entity870 for 6 days and then killed on the seventh day. Consistent with earlier reports, @entity870 treatment dramatically suppressed serum @entity251 levels (less than 20% of control at both @entity870 doses). Additionally, the intratesticular @entity251 content declined with the higher @entity870 dose. Serum LH and FSH levels were elevated up to 2- to 4-fold after the higher @entity870 treatment regimen. Measurement of decreases in testicular receptors for LH revealed for the first time that @entity870 treatment significantly reduced the ability of the testes to respond to normal or elevated circulating levels of LH. In animals receiving higher dose of the drug, cytochrome P-450-dependent mitochondrial @entity165 side-chain cleavage activity, which is the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, was markedly reduced to a mere 30% of the control value. Additionally, the activity of the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent 17 alpha-hydroxylase was decreased to less than half of the control value. Biotransformation of the prototype drug, @entity3014 , as well as microsomal @entity1447 levels declined significantly after the higher @entity870 dose, suggesting that @entity870 has an adverse affect on testicular cytochromes P-450 in general. In addition, @entity870 treatment altered @entity1446 metabolic parameters; significant increases in the activity of uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase and total @entity7170 content were noted. Conversely, the activity of @entity42136 , the enzyme that incorporates @entity68 into @entity7170 to form @entity1446 molecule, decreased significantly, as did the total @entity1446 levels. The latter was reduced to only 61% of control values. The findings suggest the likelihood that the observed inhibition of @entity1446 formation may contribute substantially to the reduced levels of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and steroidogenic activities that depend on them. Taken collectively, these data suggest a plausible mechanism by which @entity870 may induce @entity409 ; as the result of a combination of reduction in the number of LH receptors and a suppression of @entity1446 formation, the hemoprotein-dependent steroidogenic enzymes activities are compromised, leading to an impairment of normal testicular function.

title: XXXX -mediated @entity308 of luteinizing hormone receptors and @entity1446 biosynthesis in @entity35 testes: a possible mechanism for decrease in serum @entity251 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: With the aim of developing more efficient @entity356 screening programs for use in Japan, we studied a new screening program that combines serum pepsinogen (PG) testing and barium digital radiography (DR). A total of 17 647 middle-aged male subjects underwent workplace screening over a 7-year period using a combination of PG testing and DR. This program's effectiveness, as well as other characteristics of the program, was analyzed. Forty-nine cases of @entity356 were detected (comprising 88% early @entity5 cases). The detection rate was 0.28%, and the positive predictive value was 0.85%. The PG test detected 63.3% of cases, DR detected 69.4% of cases, and both tests were positive in 32.7% of @entity5 cases. The two methods were almost equally effective, and were considerably more effective than conventional screening using photofluorography. Each screening method detected a distinct @entity356 subgroup; the PG test efficiently detected asymptomatic @entity5 with intestinal type histology, while DR was efficient at detecting @entity5 with @entity308 or ulcerated morphology and diffuse type histology. The cost for the detection of a single @entity5 was much less than that for conventional screening. In fact, it is possible to further reduce the cost of detecting a single @entity5 to a cost comparable to that of surgically resecting a single @entity356 . Thus, it is probable that a highly efficient @entity356 screening system can be implemented by combining the two screening methods. Such a screening program would be beneficial in a population at high risk for @entity356 .

title: XXXX screening of a high-risk population in Japan using serum pepsinogen and barium digital radiography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small early cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: To investigate vocal changes in @entity1 following the neck irradiation for @entity5 sparing the glottic region. Fifteen @entity1 were enrolled for the study. Phonatory effort and voice evaluation were reported. Perceptual evaluation and acoustic analysis were performed. @entity1 / @entity1 ratio was 6/9. The mean age was 54 years with a range from 24 to 84. The most common primary site of @entity5 was the nasopharynx and tongue. The mean phonatory effort was significantly greater in the irradiated group versus controls (0.54 vs. 0.08 with a P value 0.01). Fifteen percent reported their voice as being poor and almost 85% as being fair. All the parameters of the GRABS perceptual evaluation were significantly worse in the irradiated group. There were no statistically significant differences between all the acoustic variables in both groups except for an decrease in the Habitual pitch in the irradiated @entity1 . Radiation therapy to head and neck region can affect voice even if the radiation beams spare the vocal folds.

title: Vocal changes following radiotherapy to the head and neck for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-laryngeal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['non-laryngeal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency, amount and distribution of @entity75 @entity730 in @entity1 undergoing transcatheter therapy for symptomatic @entity453 . BACKGROUND: Coronary @entity455 @entity730 may be an important determinant of response to transcatheter therapy: balloon angioplasty causes dissections in calcified lesions, directional atherectomy cuts @entity460 poorly, rotational atherectomy causes preferential ablation of @entity460 and laser irradiation effect may vary. Intravascular ultrasound imaging is a highly sensitive technique for detection of plaque @entity730 in vivo. METHODS: We performed intravascular ultrasound imaging before or after, or both, various transcatheter therapies in 110 @entity1 . These 84 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 had a mean age of 60 years and a duration of angina of 22 +/- 34 months. Forty-nine @entity1 had one-vessel, 29 had two-vessel, 25 had three-vessel and 7 had left main @entity301 . Vessels treated and imaged were the left main (n = 7), left anterior descending (n = 47), left circumflex (n = 18) and right (n = 38) coronary arteries. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 (76%) had @entity75 @entity730 ; 29 @entity1 had one-quadrant, 25 had two-quadrant, 17 had three-quadrant and 13 had four-quadrant @entity730 . The @entity730 was superficial in 42 @entity1 , deep in 13 and both superficial and deep in 31. The axial length of @entity460 could be measured in 29 @entity1 ; it was < or = 5 mm in 11 and > or = 6 mm in 18. Fluoroscopy detected @entity730 in 50 @entity1 (48%, p < 0.001 vs. detection by ultrasound); this proportion increased to 74% in @entity1 with @entity730 of two or more quadrants and to 86% in @entity1 with @entity730 > or = 6 mm in length of two or more quadrants. Calcification was more common in @entity1 who smoked and tended to be more common in @entity1 with multivessel disease or previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity75 @entity730 occurs in 75% of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 requiring angioplasty. @entity75 @entity730 is best detected, localized and quantified by intravascular ultrasound. These observations may be important in selecting devices for transcatheter therapy.

title: @entity75 XXXX in @entity453 : an intravascular ultrasound study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery target lesion']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the differences in the magnetization transfer (MT) ratios of different components of the @entity6551 with histopathology and to see whether MT or conventional MR imaging correlates better with histopathology. METHODS: MT T1 and conventional spin echo MR imaging was performed in six @entity1 with @entity6550 . The @entity6551 were excised as a single mass and ex vivo MR imaging was performed using the same protocol. The gross histopathology was compared with in vivo imaging with respect to the MR signal intensity (MT ratio) in all six specimens. RESULTS: The size of the @entity6551 was larger on MT T1-weighted images compared to T2-weighted images and matched the gross measurements of each specimen. The MT hyperintense rim matched the cellular component of the @entity6551 that was masked on T2-weighted images because of the associated perifocal @entity4 . The cellular component had a lower MT ratio compared to the @entity39 components. CONCLUSION: The outer hyperintense rim and hyperintense strands are due to the cellular infiltrate, noncaseating @entity738 , and @entity5219 while the hypointense core represents solid caseation. The cellular outer rim shows lower MT ratio compared to the core of the @entity6551 . Histological correlation of the cellular and @entity39 components of @entity6551 is best shown with MT T1 imaging.

title: Magnetization transfer MR imaging correlation with histopathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas', 'tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity6550 :: ('MESH:D016862', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tuberculomas']

answer: @entity6550 :: (MESH:D016862,Disease) :: ['intracranial tuberculomas']


abstract: One aspect of @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) action is the impairment of endothelial cell function due to an impairment of endothelial @entity842 (NO) production. The activity of the endothelial isoform of NO synthase ( @entity9554 ) is regulated by its interaction with @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1). The aim of this study was to determine whether Hcy may alter the levels of @entity3895 -1 and @entity9554 in endothelial caveolae. We isolated caveolae-enriched membrane fractions from Hcy-treated @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells. We found that treatment with 500 microM Hcy for 6h significantly reduced the levels of @entity3895 -1 and @entity9554 in caveolae compared to untreated control by 47+/-7% and by 38+/-14%, respectively. Similarly, long-term incubation (96h) of HCAEC with 100 microM Hcy led to a comparable effect. The decreased @entity3895 -1 abundance in endothelial caveolae in response to Hcy resulted from a decrease in @entity3895 -1 expression at the transcriptional level. The reduced levels of @entity9554 in caveolae were caused by a translocation of @entity9554 from the caveolar fractions to noncaveolar fractions. The effects of Hcy were associated with an impairment of stimulated release of NO. These results suggest that Hcy induced impairment of NO production through a modulation of @entity3895 -1 expression associated with a loss of @entity9554 in caveolae.

title: Effects of @entity1255 on the levels of @entity5689 and @entity9554 in caveolae of XXXX coronary artery endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that albumin administration is not associated with excess mortality. DATA SOURCES: Computer searches of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, the Cochrane Library, and Internet documents; hand searching of medical journals; inquiries to investigators and medical directors; and review of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, controlled trials comparing albumin therapy with crystalloid therapy, no albumin, or lower doses of albumin. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators independently extracted data. The primary end point was relative risk for @entity204 . Criteria used to assess methodologic quality were blinding, method of allocation concealment, presence of mortality as a study end point, and crossover. Small-trial bias was also investigated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifty-five trials involving surgery or @entity130 , burns, @entity4988 , high-risk neonates, ascites, and other indications were included. Albumin administration did not significantly affect mortality in any category of indications. For all trials, the relative risk for @entity204 was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.28). Relative risk was lower among trials with blinding (0.73 [CI, 0.48 to 1.12]; n = 7), mortality as an end point (1.00 [CI, 0.84 to 1.18]; n = 17), no crossover (1.04 [CI, 0.89 to 1.22]; n = 35), and 100 or more @entity1 (0.94 [CI, 0.77 to 1.14]; n = 10). In trials with two or more such attributes, relative risk was further reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, no effect of albumin on mortality was detected; any such effect may therefore be small. This finding supports the safety of albumin. The influence of methodologic quality on relative risk for @entity204 suggests the need for further well-designed clinical trials.

title: @entity1 survival after XXXX albumin administration. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) is a @entity6961 , characterized by the expansion of the red cell mass. Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity44615 (PB) in the long-term control of @entity4406 and to assess early and late events. DESIGN AND METHODS: From June 1975 to December 1997, 163 untreated @entity1 with @entity4406 (median age 57 years, range 30-82) were treated with PB in a single Institute for a median follow-up of 120 months. The diagnosis was made according to the Polycythemia Vera Study Group criteria. PB was given at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day until hematologic response (hematocrit < 45% and platelets < 400x109/L) and of 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/day as maintenance therapy. RESULTS: Hematologic remission was achieved in 94% of @entity1 in a median time of 13 weeks (range 6-48). Median overall survival was 215 months, with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.7. The cumulative risk of @entity204 was 11%, 22%, and 26% at 7, 10, and 12 years, respectively. The incidence of @entity715 events was 18.4x105 @entity1 -year and the cumulative risk was 6%, 11%, 16%, and 20% at 3, 7, 10, and 12 years respectively. @entity3052 occurred in 11 @entity1 , @entity4018 in 7, and @entity5 in 11. The 10-year cumulative risk of @entity1778 , @entity4018 , and @entity5 was 5%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. In the logistic analysis age over 65 (p = 0.0001) and @entity715 events at diagnosis (p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with a higher risk of @entity204 . Female gender (p = 0.02) and age over 65 (p = 0.01) significantly influenced the occurrence of @entity715 . Age was the only significant risk factor for @entity1778 (p = 0.04) and for @entity5 (p = 0.03), while the duration of PB treatment did not influence these risks. No significant risk factor was demonstrated for @entity4018 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates in a large series of @entity1 , observed for a long period, that @entity44615 is effective in the long-term control of @entity4406 . The risk of early @entity715 at 3 years is 6% and the 10-year risk of @entity3052 , late @entity4018 , and @entity5 is 5%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The duration of @entity44615 treatment did not correlate with these events.

title: Efficacy of @entity44615 in the treatment of polycythemia vera: long-term results in 163 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity44615 :: ('MESH:D010885', 'Chemical') :: ['pipobroman']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Polycythemia vera']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Inhibin and @entity723 are synthesized by the placenta, raising questions as to their functions in this tissue. The possibility of local regulation of other placental hormones critical during pregnancy was investigated by examining the effects of recombinant @entity1 inhibin-A and @entity723 -A on @entity3566 secretion. Potential interactions with @entity1176 -stimulated @entity3566 secretion were also explored. First trimester @entity1 placental tissue was physically dissociated to isolate trophoblast cells. Cells were cultured on microcarrier beads for 7-10 days and loaded into 1.5-ml chambers in a perifusion system. After a 1-h control period, hormone treatments were administered in the perifusion medium for 5 min, and perifusate was collected for an additional 55 min. Perifusate fractions were analyzed for @entity3566 concentration by RIA. Both @entity723 and @entity1176 stimulated a rapid and transient @entity3566 secretory response in the perifusion system. Unlike the effect of @entity1176 , the @entity723 -stimulated @entity3566 response was not blocked by concomitant treatment with a @entity1176 antagonist. The @entity3566 RIA results were confirmed by preliminary experiments using a novel @entity3566 bioassay. This suggested that @entity723 did not facilitate @entity3566 secretion by stimulation of endogenous @entity1176 release. Inhibin alone did not affect @entity3566 secretion or @entity1176 -stimulated @entity3566 secretion. However, treatment with inhibin and @entity723 in combination resulted in a transient increase in @entity3566 , followed by a decrease in @entity3566 secretion to below pretreatment levels. The results suggested that in addition to @entity1176 , @entity723 may play a role in the regulation of @entity3566 secretion in first trimester placenta.

title: Acute stimulation of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin secretion by recombinant @entity1 XXXX -A in first trimester @entity1 trophoblast.

answer: @entity723 :: (83729,Gene) :: ['activin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Female childhood @entity5 survivors are at risk of @entity2670 and premature @entity11157 . We hereby present an interim analysis of a prospective observational study of ovarian function during @entity5 treatment of young females in relation to clinical factors. PROCEDURE: Thirty-four consecutive female @entity5 @entity1 aged 0-18 year were included after informed consent. Serum/Plasma levels of anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ), inhibin B, FSH, LH, and @entity53 (E2) were measured at diagnosis and every 3-4 months during and after treatment. RESULTS: All @entity1 had detectable @entity248 levels at diagnosis. Eleven @entity1 had reached menarche (mean age 14   years) and the remaining @entity1 had a mean age of 6   years. They all showed a rapid decline in @entity248 after 3 months of treatment, regardless of @entity248 at diagnosis, age, menarche, or treatment given. Those given radiotherapy below the diaphragm and/or @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (n = 9) had no ovarian recovery during or 1  -year after treatment. However, recovery was observed in those given standard treatment for @entity3052 (n = 7) already during maintenance chemotherapy. For the remaining @entity1 , longer follow-up is required for analysis of ovarian recovery after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid @entity2670 is observed in all females after initiation of @entity5 treatment as measured by @entity248 and inhibin B. Our data regarding those who require abdominal radiotherapy and/or @entity8 confirms the recommendations in the Nordic countries where these @entity1 are eligible for cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue before start of @entity5 treatment.

title: Acute onset of @entity2670 in young females after start of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphatic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure', 'ovarian dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: An association of @entity9488 with @entity296 ( @entity46851 [ @entity46851 ]) and outbreaks of @entity2401 in @entity4259 -deficient rural areas of southwestern China has been established. Enteroviruses have been isolated from @entity1 with @entity46851 or during outbreaks of @entity2401 in last two decades. Six of these isolates grew readily in cell lines (Vero or HEp-2) and were investigated by a novel molecular typing method apart from serotyping and pathogenicity. A neutralization assay identified two isolates from @entity46851 as coxsackievirus serotype B2 (CVB2) and two isolates from @entity2401 as coxsackievirus serotype B6 (CVB6) but failed to type the remaining two isolates, also from @entity2401 . Direct @entity377 sequencing of reverse transcription-PCR products amplified from the 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of these viruses confirmed that they belong to a phylogenetic cluster consisting of coxsackie B-like viruses, including some echovirus serotypes. Sequence analysis of the coding region for viral capsid protein VP1 showed that two isolates serotyped as CVB2 have the highest @entity535 sequence homology with CVB2 and that the remaining four isolates, two CVB6 and the two unknown serotypes, are most closely related to the sequence of CVB6. Sequences among these isolates varied from 82.3 to 99% in the 5'NTR and from 69 to 99% in VP1, indicating no cross contamination. The pathogenicity of these viruses in adult and suckling @entity19 was assessed. None caused pathologic changes in the hearts of adult MF-1 or SWR @entity19 , although @entity788 was evident. However, the four CVB6-like viruses caused death in suckling @entity19 , similar to a virulent coxsackievirus group B3 laboratory strain. In conclusion, the sequence data confirm that coxsackievirus group B serotypes are predominant in the region in which @entity46851 is endemic and may be the etiological agents in outbreaks of @entity2401 . VP1 genotyping of enteroviruses is accurate and reliable. Animal experiments indicate that isolates may differ in pathogenicity.

title: Characterization of enterovirus isolates from @entity1 with heart muscle disease in a XXXX -deficient area of China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['endemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity46851 :: ('MESH:C536166', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Keshan disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity4259 :: (MESH:D012643,Chemical) :: ['selenium']


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity1 was first found to have a @entity356 in the fornix during a routine health examination 16 months previously. The case was not associated with @entity1264 . Initially, the @entity5 was approximately 4 mm in diameter, but grew very rapidly to 20 mm in 13 months, and to 30 mm in the following month, without manifesting clinical symptoms. Malignancy was suspected because of the rapid growth and the endoscopic findings: a rough-granular elevated lesion with a wide stalk, and with @entity2681 and mucus on its surface. Although endoscopic biopsy was done several times, the routine histological examinations were inconclusive. Endoscopic resection was therefore carried out. Examination of the resected specimen showed that the main elements consisted of wavy, long-spindled cells, which crossed irregularly, and whose interstitium was myxomatous. Immunohistochemically the specimen showed strongly positive reaction for @entity4483 protein and positive reaction for @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ). Based on these immunohistochemical findings, a final diagnosis of @entity356 was made, which showed rapid growth due to myxomatous change. The @entity1 showed a good postoperative course and no recurrence has been recognized by follow-up endoscopy.

title: Unusual rapidly growing XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric myxoid neurofibroma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric myxoid neurofibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) can predict @entity1 outcome, specifically @entity5 progression, in low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) and thus provide a second reference standard in the surgical and postsurgical management of LGGs. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with histologically diagnosed LGGs (21 low-grade @entity816 and 14 low-grade @entity3271 and low-grade mixed @entity816 ) were studied with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare @entity1 in different response categories (complete response, stable, progressive, @entity204 ) with respect to baseline rCBV. Log-rank tests were used to evaluate the association of rCBV with survival and time to progression. Kaplan-Meier time-to-progression curves were generated. @entity5 volumes and CBV measurements were obtained at the initial examination and again at follow-up to determine the association of rCBV with @entity5 volume progression. RESULTS: Wilcoxon tests showed @entity1 manifesting an adverse event (either @entity204 or progression) had significantly higher rCBV (P = 0.003) than did @entity1 without adverse events (complete response or stable disease). Log-rank tests showed that rCBV exhibited a significant negative association with disease-free survival (P = 0.0015), such that low rCBV values were associated with longer time to progression. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that lesions with rCBV less than 1.75 (n = 16) had a median time to progression of 4620 +/- 433 days, and lesions with rCBV more than 1.75 (n = 19) had a median time to progression of 245 +/- 62 days (P < 0.005). Lesions with low baseline rCBV (< 1.75) demonstrated stable @entity5 volumes when followed up over time, and lesions with high baseline rCBV (> 1.75) demonstrated progressively increasing @entity5 volumes over time. CONCLUSION: Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging may be used to identify LGGs that are either high-grade @entity11 , misdiagnosed because of sampling error at pathological examination or that have undergone angiogenesis in the progression toward malignant transformation. This suggests that rCBV measurements may be used as a second reference standard to determine the surgical management/risk-benefit equation and postsurgical adjuvant therapy for LGGs.

title: Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging predicts XXXX outcome as an adjunct to histopathology: a second reference standard in the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of low-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: When a decision between alternative actions has to be made, the primate brain is able to uncouple motor execution from mental deliberation, providing time for higher cognitive processes such as remembering and reasoning. The mental deliberation leading to the decision and the motor execution applying the decision are likely to @entity528 linking the basal ganglia and the frontal cortex. Behavioral and physiological studies in monkeys indicate that @entity935 depletion may result in a loss of functional segregation between these circuits, hence, in interference between the deliberation and execution processes. To test this hypothesis in @entity1 , we analyzed the movements of @entity191 @entity1 in a go/no-go task, contrasting periods of uncertainty with periods of knowledge about the rule to be applied. Two groups of @entity1 were compared to healthy subjects: one group was treated with dopaminergic medication and the other with deep brain stimulation; both groups were also tested without any treatment. In healthy subjects, the movement time was unaffected by uncertainty. In untreated @entity1 , the movement time increased with uncertainty, reflecting interference between deliberation and execution processes. This interference was fully corrected with dopaminergic medication but was unchanged with deep brain stimulation. Moreover, decision-related hesitations were detectable in the movements of @entity935 -depleted @entity1 , revealing a temporal coupling of deliberation and execution. We suggest that such coupling may be related to the loss of @entity935 -mediated functional segregation between basal ganglia circuits processing different stages of goal-directed behavior.

title: An effect of XXXX depletion on decision-making: the temporal coupling of deliberation and execution.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['involve different neuronal circuits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: This study employed qualitative methods with a sample of overweight and @entity28 adults to identify and describe their subjective experiences of weight bias. @entity1 (274 females and 44 males) completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires, including several open-ended questions about weight stigmatization. These questions asked them to describe their worst experiences of weight stigmatization, their perceptions of common weight-based stereotypes, their feelings about being overweight and their suggestions for strategies to reduce weight stigma in our culture. @entity1 reported experiencing weight stigma across a range of contexts and involving a variety of interpersonal sources. Close relationship partners (such as friends, parents and spouses) were the most common source of their worst stigmatizing encounters. @entity1 challenged common weight-based stereotypes (notably, that @entity28 individuals are 'lazy') and reported that they would like the public to gain a better understanding of the difficulties of weight loss, the causes of @entity28 and the emotional consequences of being stigmatized. Education was reported as the most promising avenue for future stigma-reduction efforts. The experiences and opinions expressed were not significantly different for @entity1 versus @entity1 or overweight versus @entity28 individuals. A minority of @entity1 expressed beliefs suggestive of self-blame and internalization of weight-based stereotypes. These results indicate that while @entity28 individuals experience weight bias across many domains, more stigma-reduction efforts should target stigmatizing encounters in close relationships, including parents, spouses and friends of @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Weight stigmatization and bias reduction: perspectives of overweight and XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: AIM: Controversy exists with regard to the nomenclature, treatment and outcome of a group of well-differentiated @entity5 sometimes labelled as @entity362 . The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to clarify these controversies by reporting our experience with this lesion. METHODS: The clinical features and follow up of 61 @entity1 with the diagnosis of deep @entity362 and a minimum two-year follow up were examined. RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated by marginal excision alone. A local recurrence was seen in five @entity1 (8%). Three recurred once and two recurred twice. No @entity1 had a @entity3 or died as a result of the @entity5 . No lesion dedifferentiated. CONCLUSION: We believe the term @entity362 is appropriate for these @entity5 , as they appear not to have any metastatic potential, merely a propensity to recur locally. The chance of dedifferentiation is small and radiotherapy may play a role in its causation. We suggest that a simple marginal resection (shelling-out) is adequate treatment for these lesions. Radiotherapy should not be used.

title: Clinical outcomes of deep XXXX (well-differentiated @entity362 ) of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lipoma', 'atypical lipomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['atypical lipomas']