abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the significance of an echogenic intracardiac focus in a mixed population of fetuses at high and low risk for @entity2007 . Over a 1 year period, we prospectively identified all fetuses with an echogenic intracardiac focus seen during prenatal sonography. A detailed structural evaluation was performed on each fetus as permitted by gestational age. The location and number of foci were tabulated prospectively, as were associated abnormalities. Follow-up was obtained by review of the medical record. Of the 290 fetuses who had an echogenic intracardiac focus, 14 of them were aneuploid (4.8%). Of the 290 mothers, 125 @entity1 were aged 35 years or older and 165 @entity1 were younger than 35 years old. Among the 125 fetuses born to @entity1 35 years or older, eight were aneuploid fetuses (6.4%), while among the 165 fetuses of younger mothers, six were aneuploid fetuses (3.6%) (rate ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [extremes] = 0.6, 4.9). Only one of the 14 aneuploid fetuses had an echogenic intracardiac focus as the only sonographic finding, and this occurred in a @entity1 aged 41 years. The majority of the echogenic intracardiac foci (87.6%) were located in the left ventricle, while 4.8% of the foci were right-sided and 7.6% were bilateral. Among the 14 aneuploid fetuses, 14% had bilateral echogenic intracardiac foci and 7% had right-sided foci. Among the euploid fetuses, 7.3% had bilateral echogenic intracardiac foci and 4.7% had right-sided foci. In conclusion, we have shown that the presence of an echogenic intracardiac focus does raise the risk that the fetus has a @entity2008 , most commonly Down syndrome, although all but one aneuploid fetus in our study had other sonographic findings.

title: Significance of an echogenic intracardiac focus in fetuses at high and low risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: What are the opinions of professionals in the field of genetics, reproductive science and @entity209 on the development of mitochondrial replacement technologies to be used in the context of medically assisted reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER: Although concerns regarding safety remain, interviewees supported the development of nuclear transfer techniques to help @entity1 who are at risk of transferring a mitochondrial DNA disease to their offspring conceive a genetically related @entity1 . WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Technological developments in the field of nuclear transfer have sparked new interest in the debate on the acceptability of the use of donor oocytes to prevent the transmission of @entity2383 . For example, in the UK, extensive public consultations have been done to investigate whether such techniques would allow the passing of a law that involves making changes to a @entity1 oocyte or embryo before transfer to a @entity1 's body. Until now, continental European countries seem to await the outcome of the British debate before themselves considering the arguments for and against this technology. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION: We interviewed 12 professionals from Belgium and The Netherlands. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS: We conducted 12 interviews with fertility specialists, scientists, clinical geneticists, a pediatrician specialized in @entity209 and a specialist in @entity209 . The profiles of the interviewees varied but all had experience with @entity2383 , either in treating @entity1 or in providing counseling to @entity1 or to prospective parents. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and took 30-45 min. The language of the interviews was Dutch. We analyzed the transcript of these interviews using QSR NVIVO 10 software to extract themes and categories. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: This study has shown that, although amongst the professionals we interviewed there was support for the development and deployment of nuclear transfer, this support does not necessarily correspond to uniform opinions about the importance of having a genetically own @entity1 or the contribution of mitochondrial DNA to essential characteristics of an individual. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: In translating the quotes from Dutch to English some of the linguistic nuances may have been lost. We only interviewed 12 individuals, in two countries, whose view may not be representative of existing values and opinions that may be held by professionals worldwide on this matter. To further explore the issue at hand, a subsequent investigation of the opinions of @entity1 affected by @entity2383 and of the general public is necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: With this study we have demonstrated there is in principle support for the nuclear transfer technique from Dutch and Belgian professionals. Further research, both scientific and ethical, is needed to define the modalities of its possible introduction in the fertility clinic. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This research was funded by GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, The Netherlands. The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

title: A leap of faith? An interview study with professionals on the use of mitochondrial replacement to avoid transfer of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'woman', 'patients', 'people', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial diseases']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to clarify possible correlations between @entity303 and long term bedridden elderly @entity1 in our special nursing home and geriatric hospital. At the time of our study, 42.6% of all our @entity1 were bedridden, and the ratio increased in those groups of advanced age. The percentage of bedridden female @entity1 was higher than that of males. Most bedridden @entity1 , suffered @entity14827 caused by @entity66 . Among the bedridden @entity1 , the incidence of @entity303 was 82.8%. In most these cases, the degree of @entity303 was severe. The types and respective percentages of @entity303 were as follows: Vascular type 45.1%, @entity195 .2%, mixed type 19.5% and others 12.2%. We think that Alzheimer's type @entity303 may cause a @entity1 to become bedridden. On the other hand, vascular type @entity303 may be promoted by a @entity1 's being bedridden for a long time. Tube-fed @entity1 comprised 20% of all bedridden @entity1 and all of these @entity1 showed @entity303 . We believe that a @entity1 's getting out of bed and receiving rehabilitation as soon as possible is vital to the prevention of becoming permanently bedridden. In respect to the present study of bedridden @entity303 @entity1 , we would like to further study tube feeding and terminal care.

title: [Bedridden elderly and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type 23"]

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the nervous system particularly disorders']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapidly destructive @entity4040 of the humeral head is a rare condition with an elusive pathophysiologic mechanism. In this study, radiographic and histopathologic findings were analyzed to determine the clinical characteristics of this rare condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 189 @entity1 who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty from January 2001 to August 2012. Among them, 9 @entity1 showed a particular pattern of rapid collapse of the humeral head on plain radiography and @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) within 12 months from symptom onset. @entity1 with @entity130 , @entity309 , steroid intake, neurologic @entity6287 , @entity2530 , @entity8 , or gout were excluded. RESULTS: All @entity1 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 72.0 years (range, 63-85 years). The right side was involved in 7 cases and the left in 2 cases. The mean duration of humeral head collapse was 5.6 months (range, 2-11 months) from the onset of shoulder @entity158 . Plain radiographs of all @entity1 showed a unique pattern of humeral head flattening, which appeared like a clean surgical cut with @entity79 around the humeral head. @entity2996 findings revealed @entity1143 and @entity236 in the humeral head, without involvement of the glenoid. Pathologic findings showed both fragmentation and regeneration of bone matrix, representing @entity174 healing. CONCLUSION: The important features of rapidly destructive shoulder @entity4040 are unique flattened humeral head collapse with @entity2996 showing @entity1143 and @entity236 in the remnant humeral head. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly @entity1 with @entity158 .

title: Rapidly destructive @entity4040 of the shoulder joints: radiographic, XXXX , and histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['massive joint effusion', 'significant joint effusion']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone debris']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'insidious shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2996 :: (MESH:C564543,Disease) :: ['magnetic resonance imaging']


abstract: PURPOSE: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) reduce transfusions and increase hemoglobin levels in @entity1 with @entity417 of @entity5 . A medication guideline and pharmacist collaborative practice agreement (CPA) were developed and implemented to standardize ESA prescribing workflow. The use of ESAs in @entity5 , in accordance with institutional guidelines, was evaluated to ensure safe and effacious use. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on all ESA doses given throughout a health system's @entity5 clinics prior to and after implementation of an ESA guideline and pharmacist CPA. The primary outcome measured was ESA therapy initiated in accordance with guidelines before and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes evaluated were nurse and pharmacist satisfaction, vitals recorded prior to dose, and transfusion rates in @entity1 receiving ESA therapy before and after the intervention. RESULTS: In the pre-implementation group, criteria for initiation were not met by any of the 39 @entity1 ; prior to therapy, 5.1  % of @entity1 had not had hemoglobin drawn, 23  % of @entity1 had no iron studies completed, and 29.4  % of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) @entity1 had no @entity1307 levels drawn. In the post-implementation group, prior to therapy, all @entity1 had hemoglobin levels drawn, 16.67  % did not have @entity68 studies completed, and all @entity2590 @entity1 had @entity1307 levels drawn appropriately. @entity417 ( @entity417 ) @entity1 in the pre-implementation group had 71.4  % compliance with receiving chemotherapy within 8  weeks of ESA dose, and the post-implementation group had 100  % compliance. CONCLUSION: An ESA guideline and pharmacist CPA aligned prescribing practices with the NCCN and ASCO guidelines and improved staff satisfaction.

title: Pharmacist collaborative practice agreement for the management of @entity417 in XXXX with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Chemotherapy-induced anemia', 'anemia', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: Routine ultrasound surveillance is adequate and safe for monitoring @entity439 repairs (EVARs). A retrospective chart review including 160 endograft @entity1 was performed from August 2000 to September 2005. All ultrasound examinations (n = 359) were performed by a board-certified vascular surgery group's accredited laboratory. Registered vascular technologists utilized the same equipment consisting of @entity5377 Antares high-definition ultrasonography with tissue harmonics and color flow Doppler. An identical protocol was followed by each technologist: scan body and both limbs of the endograft and distal iliac vessels, measure anterior-posterior @entity439 sac size, and detect intrasac pulsatility and color flow. Statistical analysis utilized Pearson's correlation coefficient and the paired t-test. Forty-one endoleaks were discovered out of the 359 exams (11.4%). There were type I (7, 17%), type II (26, 63%), and combined type I with type II (8, 20%) endoleaks. Correlation with computed tomography (CT) was obtained in 35 of these cases. CT discovered three endoleaks that were not seen with ultrasound. However, these particular ultrasound exams were inadequate due to additional factors (bowel gas, body habitus, @entity547 ), which prompted CT investigation and, hence, endoleak discovery. Of the 41 endoleaks found on ultrasound, only 14 were seen on CT. Specifically, 26 @entity1070 were seen with ultrasound versus only nine during CT. Additional factors addressed included comparison between ultrasound and CT of residual @entity439 sac measurements and conditions limiting ultrasound examination. Although criticized in the past, color flow ultrasonography is a safe and effective modality for surveillance of aortic endografts. Utilizing ultrasound to analyze @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) sac dimensions and endoleak detection is statistically sound for screening @entity1028 status post-EVAR.

title: Ultrasound surveillance of XXXX repair: a safe modality versus computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: The early effects of experimental @entity1545 with diffuse axonal lesions on intracranial pressure (i.c.p.), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in @entity35 have been already studied. The aim of this experiment was to examine the effects of @entity1545 on @entity428 , MAP and CPP during the first few days post-injury. In order to do that, an accurate technique of @entity428 measurement had to be developed. In a series of eight @entity35 , a translumbar intrathecal catheter (TIC) was surgically introduced allowing repeated measurements of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). Under anaesthesia, a second series of nine @entity35 were equipped simultaneously with TIC and an intracranial fiberoptic device to measure @entity428 . Simultaneous measurements of CSFP and @entity428 were recorded for baseline values, than during and after jugular compression which was intended to induce an acute and significant increase in @entity428 . A third series of 53 @entity35 having TIC received an experimental severe @entity1545 . MAP was measured non-invasively and CPP was calculated as CPP-MAP. CSFP, MAP and CPP were intermittently measured during 5-6 post-traumatic days and compared to the values obtained during ten control @entity35 (SHAM). A clinical score was used to compare clinical condition. The results showed that the translumbar CSFP accurately measured @entity428 in @entity35 having normal or acutely increased @entity428 . The experimental @entity1545 induced increased CSFP lasting up to 5-6 days, with increased MAP during the first 6 hours. CPP values were compromised at 24-48 hours. The clinical performance was reduced in the brain-injured @entity35 . The translumbar technique of CSFP measurement reflected exact @entity428 in normal and acutely increased @entity428 in @entity35 . Experimental @entity1545 with diffuse axonal lesions can increase lumbar CSFP in @entity35 for many days.

title: Increase in the chronically monitored cerebrospinal fluid pressure after experimental @entity1545 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity957 arising within the temporal bone were subdivided into two groups. The initial group of 17 @entity1 , seen between 1960 and 1980, were reviewed retrospectively and staged into four subgroups on the basis of @entity5 presentation and location (i.e., external auditory canal, superficial invasion, deep invasion, and @entity5 beyond the temporal bone). After treatment in a variety of surgical and radiotherapeutic combinations, the 5-year cure rates were: 70%, 70%, 50%, and 9%, respectively. Thirty-four @entity1 , seen between 1980 and 1989, were placed in a new prospective protocol for combined surgery and postoperative irradiation. These @entity1 were subdivided into the same subgroups on the basis of @entity5 location. The surgical procedures were formalized to be more encompassing (i.e., external canal @entity5 were treated by sleeve resection of the internal auditory canal and tympanic membrane, superficial invasion by superficial temporal bone resection, deep @entity5 by radical temporal bone resection, and those beyond the temporal bone by an infratemporal fossa approach). Radical neck dissections were performed where needed. The irradiation dosage was increased to 6250+ cGy, with a 4:1 ratio in favor of electrons for deeper penetration, and the fields were widened. At 36.6-month average followup, the cure rates were: 100%, 100%, 70%, and 65%, respectively. Six of ten @entity1 with neck metastases at presentation had @entity5 recurrence or distant disease (60%).

title: Management of temporal bone carcinomas: a therapeutic analysis of two groups of XXXX and long-term followup.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sixty-four @entity1 with @entity2150 were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG Merieux) between 1980 and 1985. The actuarial survival for all @entity1 was 53% at 6 years, with 79% survival for nonsevere @entity2150 (NSAA) and 36% for @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ). The neutrophil and platelet counts before treatment with ALG were highly predictive of survival, whereas sex, age, and etiology were not. @entity66 prior to ALG treatment was inversely related to survival, although this was not statistically significant. Survival was closely associated with response to ALG, especially for @entity1 with @entity2150 . The response to one course of ALG was 33%. Eighteen @entity1 who did not respond to an initial course of ALG received a second course; of these, four (22%) responded. The overall response to one or two courses of ALG was 40%. The mean RBC volume (MCV) measured after ALG treatment was a useful early indicator of response. Both the minimum lymphocyte count during ALG therapy and the mean lymphocyte count after therapy, however, were not significantly different between responders and nonresponders. The disappointing survival of @entity1 with @entity2150 in this study may reflect the poor clinical condition of severely affected @entity1 referred to us and/or the presence of longstanding aplasia. The importance of studying a large series of @entity1 with long-term follow-up to assess ALG in the treatment of @entity2150 is shown by this investigation.

title: Survival after antilymphocyte globulin therapy for XXXX depends on disease severity.

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA', 'aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Background   A neural origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity158 if the onset of the @entity158 is in relationship to previous surgery on the anus or rectum. Study Design   A retrospective cohort was identified by computer search of office files from May 2010 to December 2012. Seven @entity1 , two males, and five females, were identified who have been treated surgically for complaints of isolated @entity158 arising from coloproctectomy in three @entity1 ( @entity29 ) and after hemorrhoidectomy in three @entity1 and one @entity1 with mesh placed for @entity322 . @entity1 's mean age was 52.5 years. Mean duration of @entity158 was 29.9 months (range, 9-120 months). Diagnosis was demonstrated by an anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve. Surgical approach was excision of rectal sensory branches of the pudendal nerve in the ischiorectal fossa and implantation of these nerves into the gluteus maximus muscle. Results   Outcome data are available, with a mean follow-up of 17.7 months (range, 13-30 months). Of the three coloproctectomy @entity1 , two are considered excellent results and one a poor result. All three of the hemorrhoidectomy @entity1 are excellent results. The one @entity1 who had the mesh placement for @entity322 required two attempts to remove all sensory rectal branches and then achieved excellent @entity158 relief. Conclusion   Chronic @entity158 should be considered to have a pudendal neural origin after previous anal/rectal surgery. Resection of all rectal sensory branches can give excellent and lasting relief of @entity158 .

title: Rectal XXXX of Neural Origin: Resection of Sensory Rectal Branches of Pudendal Nerve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Drug induced @entity910 remain a challenging problem in the long term management of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We have assessed the effect of @entity1089 on @entity910 in a double blind placebo controlled cross over study. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity191 were enrolled and received 25 mg of @entity1089 or placebo at night for two weeks in prerandomised order, with one week of wash out between treatment periods. Assessments were made using on-off diaries, self assessment of @entity910 , and L-dopa challenges at baseline and after each treatment period. Videotapes were rated blindly by two raters using modified @entity910 Scale and Goetz scores. @entity1 subsequently went on open label @entity1089 at 50 mg/day, for a mean duration of 30 days, and completed the same self assessment forms. RESULTS: During the double blind phase, no significant change in @entity910 was found on either 25 mg of @entity1089 or placebo. Duration of off states and Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor scores also remained unchanged. Moderate tiredness and @entity25 occurred in two @entity1 on @entity1089 . One @entity1 dropped out early for unrelated reasons. Eight @entity1 completed the open label phase. On 50 mg/day of @entity1089 , a slight reduction in @entity910 occurred on some scales. Reduction in @entity910 severity on visual analogue scales was by 50.1%. Off time was not significantly increased. This improvement was not strongly reflected in @entity1 ' overall impression of treatment effect. Drowsiness and @entity25 led to discontinuation in four @entity1 , after completion of the study, and two additional @entity1 stopped treatment after the study because of lack of effect. CONCLUSION: Our study failed to demonstrate an antidyskinetic effect of low dose (25 mg) @entity1089 . The absence of an increase in @entity304 combined with a possible antidyskinetic effect on higher doses warrants further investigation.

title: Low dose @entity1089 for drug induced XXXX in @entity191 : a double blind cross over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'daytime sleep episodes']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the changes of corneal sensation in @entity6 @entity1 and to observe the @entity6 corneas using confocal microscopy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-two @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The @entity6 history and medication were recorded. The FBG and HbA(1c) were checked for every @entity1 . The @entity1 's eye was systemically checked, including the IOP, @entity227 , lenses, and the fundus. Two hundred @entity1 of other diseases were enrolled as controls. The @entity51235 @entity1 and 56 controls were checked by the confocal microscopy. The right eyes of both @entity1 and controls were used for analysis. RESULTS: The @entity267 sensation of @entity6 @entity1 was significantly depressed as compared to that of the controls (P < 0.01). The @entity308 of @entity267 sensation was related to the course of the disease, the presence of @entity6 and the degree of the @entity6 (P < 0.05). The confocal microscopy revealed that there was a higher corneal epithelium @entity4 rate (11.76%) in @entity6 @entity1 than that of the controls (1.79%) (P < 0.05). The nerve fiber density of the @entity6 @entity1 was decreased and there were some morphological changes in the nerve fiber of @entity6 @entity1 , such as sparse, slim, less branches, less long fibers, @entity4 and zigzag of the fibers. CONCLUSION: The @entity308 in @entity6 @entity1 is probably caused by the reduction and the @entity528 .

title: [In vivo confocal microscopy observation and evaluation of sensation in XXXX corneas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity, cornea sensation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression of the corneal sensation', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the corneal nerve fibers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The aim of this investigation was to isolate, characterize, and culture the small and large luteal cell subpopulations forming the corpus luteum of the pregnant @entity35 . Since the large luteal cells are extremely fragile and do not survive standard cell dispersion, a method which allows the survival and the long-term culture in serum-free media of small and large cells was developed. The two luteal cell populations differed not only by their size but also by their morphology in culture. The small luteal cells (12-20 mu in diameter) are characterized by a large oval nucleus, contain few lipid droplets and have a stellate shape. In contrast, the large luteal cells have a smaller spherical nucleus, high lipid content, and do not flatten out completely in culture, most probably due to the abundance of lipid droplets. Both luteal cell types express 3 beta HSD and the @entity1447 enzymes involved in steroidogenesis. However, it is the lipid filled large luteal cells that secrete the most @entity1420 , @entity342 , and @entity53 ; express greater amounts of @entity7816 and @entity18946 ; and possess more PRL and LH receptors. Despite the greater expression of @entity7813 in the large luteal cells, small and large luteal cells responded to LH with equal increase in steroidogenic output. In serum free culture, luteal cells produced @entity1420 for up to 20 days; however, an exogenous source of @entity165 was a prerequisite for maximal @entity1420 secretion. The pattern of @entity1420 secretion by cultures of small and large luteal cells differed remarkably from that of mixed cell population. When nonsteroidogenic corpus luteum cells were cocultured with the large luteal cells, a severalfold increase in @entity1420 secretion was observed. This stimulation occurred even when cells were cocultured in the absence of exogenous source of @entity165 . In summary, a successful method was developed to disperse, isolate, and independently culture the two luteal cell populations forming the @entity35 corpus lutem. The results indicate that the marked difference in the steroidogenic capacity of these two cell populations is due, in large part, to the difference in their size rather than to their origin in the follicle. In addition, the results have revealed an important effect of the nonsteroidogenic cells forming the corpus luteum on luteal cell steroidogenesis.

title: Isolation, characterization, and culture of cell subpopulations forming the pregnant XXXX corpus luteum.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A randomized clinical trial and consumer usage test were conducted to evaluate the acceptability and benefits of @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash in subjects experiencing symptoms of @entity2133 . METHODOLOGY: Study 1: A randomized, double blind, two-period crossover clinical trial was conducted in 49 subjects to evaluate @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash and an experimental mouthwash formulation. Following a three-day acclimatization phase, subjects used both products at home for three days. Each treatment phase was separated by a three-day washout period. Study 2: Subjects participated in a one- to two-week home usage consumer test using @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash, after which they completed a 52-question online survey exploring sensory benefits and resultant quality of life attributes of the product. RESULTS: Study 1: A total of 46 adults with a mean age of 64 years completed the study. On average, subjects used the test products three times per day. @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash was found to be beneficial in managing @entity2133 , and was well-liked by the study population, as evidenced by a statistically significant improvement over subjects' normal remedies for managing @entity2133 for strength of flavor, taste, freshening breath, immediate and long lasting lubrication, and moisturization. Both products were well-tolerated. Study 2: Three-hundred and twenty-three subjects completed a one- to two-week consumer home usage test followed by an online questionnaire. On a five-point scale, over 80% of respondents perceived the @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash as "excellent" or "very good" on sensory attributes such as taste and texture, and 70-80% gave the product an "excellent" or "very good" rating on benefit attributes. CONCLUSION: These studies showed that @entity12522 Moisturizing Mouthwash was beneficial in managing @entity2133 , and was well-liked by the study population.

title: Subjective assessment of a new moisturizing mouthwash for the symptomatic management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['dry mouth']


abstract: The plasma @entity16443 concentration in two newborn @entity1 with @entity10579 at ages 4 and 10 days were 7.8 and 7.7 microM. Reported concentrations from this laboratory for normal newborn @entity1 averaged 12 microM +/- 5.6 (SD). Both @entity1 had the facies and severe @entity2421 characteristic of the disease. Autopsy examination at age 6 days in one of these @entity1 revealed the developmental microscopic @entity409 that are associated with @entity10579 . In three additional @entity1 ages 3 1/2 weeks, 2 months, and 2 months, the @entity16443 concentrations were 15, 17, and 25 microM. The concentrations increased to distinctly pathological levels on subsequent assays at a later age. It is concluded that the @entity16440 in @entity10579 occurs postpartum and that the plasma concentrations may not be diagnostic early in life. The major manifestations of the disease, already evident at birth, cannot be attributed to pipecolatemia. Currently available data do not exclude the possibility of @entity16443 accumulation in the brain where it has been reported to be a major metabolite of @entity376 . @entity16440 of considerable degree is also consistently found in @entity40270 where it appears to be benign.

title: The significance of @entity16440 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperpipecolatemia', 'hyperpipecolatemia']

entities_list: @entity10579 :: ('MESH:D015211', 'Disease') :: ['Zellweger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in brain, liver, and kidney']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity16443 :: ('MESH:C031345', 'Chemical') :: ['pipecolic acid']

entities_list: @entity40270 :: ('MESH:D020167', 'Disease') :: ['familial hyperlysinemia']

answer: @entity10579 :: (MESH:D015211,Disease) :: ['Zellweger syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10464 ( @entity10464 ) is the endogenous endoglycosidase that degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans and promotes the @entity5 growth, invasion, @entity3 and angiogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that @entity10464 is highly expressed in @entity521 ( @entity521 ), the most common extracranial solid @entity5 in childhood. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified one binding site of @entity41996 ( @entity41996 ) within the @entity10464 promoter. In @entity521 tissues and cell lines, @entity41996 was up-regulated and positively correlated with @entity10464 expression. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that @entity41996 facilitated the transcript and protein levels of @entity10464 and its downstream gene, @entity7 , in @entity521 cell lines. In addition, @entity41996 enhanced the promoter activities of @entity10464 , and these effects were abolished by the mutation of the @entity41996 -binding site. Mechanistically, @entity41996 induced the enrichment of the active epigenetic marker and RNA polymerase II on the @entity10464 promoter in @entity521 cells in an @entity21178 -dependent manner, which was abolished by repressing the @entity41996 -promoter interaction. Knockdown of endogenous @entity41996 decreased the growth, invasion, @entity3 and angiogenesis of @entity521 cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, over-expression of @entity41996 promoted the growth, invasion, @entity3 and angiogenesis of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells. Restoration of @entity10464 expression prevented the @entity521 cells from changes in these biological features induced by knockdown or over-expression of @entity41996 . These data indicate that @entity41996 induces the transcriptional activation of @entity10464 via the binding site within promoter, thus facilitating the tumorigenesis and @entity146 of @entity521 .

title: miRNA-558 promotes tumorigenesis and @entity146 of @entity521 cells through activating the transcription of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity10464 :: (10855,Gene) :: ['heparanase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The complement system contributes to ventilator induced @entity651 (VILI). We hypothesized that pretreatment with the @entity43351 ( @entity43351 ) Berinert   constrains complement activation consecutively inducing improvements in arterial oxygenation and histological @entity358 . At baseline, male @entity35 underwent mechanical ventilation in a conventional mode (PIP 13 cm @entity4358 , @entity9239 3 cm @entity4358 ). In the Control group, the ventilator setting was maintained (Control, n = 15). The other animals randomly received intravenous pretreatment with either 100 units/kg of the @entity43351 Berinert   (VILI- @entity43351 group, n = 15) or 1 ml saline solution (VILI-C group, n = 15). VILI was induced by invasive ventilation (PIP 35 cm @entity4358 , @entity9239 0 cm @entity4358 ). After two hours of mechanical ventilation, the complement component C3a remained low in the Control group (258    82 ng/ml) but increased in both VILI groups (VILI-C: 1017    283 ng/ml; VILIC1INH: 817    293 ng/ml; P < 0.05 for both VILI groups versus Control). VILI caused a profound deterioration of arterial @entity26 tension (VILI-C: 193    167 mmHg; VILI/ @entity43351 : 154    115 mmHg), whereas arterial @entity26 tension remained unaltered in the Control group (569    26 mmHg; P < 0.05 versus both VILI groups). Histological investigation revealed prominent overdistension and @entity4 in both VILI groups compared to the Control group. C3a plasma level in the VILI group were inversely correlated with arterial @entity26 tension (R = -0.734; P < 0.001). We conclude that in our animal model of VILI the complement system was activated in parallel with the impairment in arterial oxygenation and that pretreatment with 100 units/kg Berinert   did neither prevent systemic complement activation nor @entity651 .

title: Complement activation contributes to ventilator-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 . It is characterized by rapid and disorganized electrical activity in the atria. @entity943 can be triggered from an ectopic focus, i.e., an abnormal impulse originating in an area other than the sinus node, generating reentrant waves. The regional ionic heterogeneities found in the atria cause a gradual shortening of the action potential duration (APD) with increased distance from the sinoatrial node. It is generally thought that the only electrophysiological consequence of the spatial dispersion of cardiac action potentials (AP) is the enhancement of reentry. This paper investigates the effect of a gradient in APD on arrhythmogenesis via computer simulations. A gradient of ionic properties was introduced into a computationally efficient computer model of the @entity235 atria to produce a smooth distribution of APDs. The window of vulnerability for ectopic beat-induction of reentry was determined for both left atrium (LA) and the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) stimulation, with and without an APD gradient. The shortened windows of vulnerability in the @entity13678 , due to the addition of the APD gradient, suggests a protective mechanism against @entity955 . The left atrial window of vulnerability was slightly longer from ionic dispersion.

title: Action potential duration gradient protects the XXXX from fibrillating.

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['right atrium', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'Atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity13678 :: (MESH:D064752,Disease) :: ['right atrium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are efficacious in @entity308 because of their ability to increase @entity750 neurotransmission. However, owing to a purported inhibitory effect of @entity750 on @entity935 (DA) neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), this increase in @entity750 transmission might result in a suppression of the firing activity of DA neurons. Since the mesolimbic DA system plays an important role in motivation and reward, a potential decrease in the firing of DA neurons may lead, in some @entity1 , to a lack of adequate response to SSRIs. METHODS: We administered the SSRIs @entity837 or @entity837 in @entity35 . We determined DA neuronal activity using in-vivo electrophysiology. RESULTS: Sustained administration of @entity837 robustly decreased the firing rate and burst activity of DA neurons. There was no difference in the mean number of spontaneously active DA neurons per tract among the 3 groups ( @entity837 , @entity837 , control). This inhibition was reversed by the selective @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonist @entity21483 . @entity837 , however, did not alter the overall firing rate but inhibited the burst activity of DA neurons. LIMITATIONS: Our experiments were carried out with the @entity35 under general anesthesia. Therefore, under such conditions the absolute changes produced by SSRIs may heve been different from those occurring in freely moving @entity35 . The exact location of the @entity750 (2C) receptors mediating the inhibitory effects of the SSRIs could not be determined in these studies. CONCLUSION: The difference between @entity837 and @entity837 in their effect on DA neuronal activity may be explained by the higher efficacy of @entity837 as a @entity750 reuptake inhibitor. Since the inhibitory effect of @entity837 on DA neuronal activity is mediated via @entity750 (2C) receptors, antagonists of these receptors might be effective adjuncts in SSRI-resistant @entity308 .

title: Effects of sustained XXXX reuptake inhibition on the firing of @entity935 neurons in the @entity35 ventral tegmental area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram', 'escitalopram']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity305 is a frequent complication of @entity3124 in intensive care units. Reports on autonomic systems like lower urinary tract and bowel functions in @entity1 with CIP are not available in medical literature. OBJECTIVE: This study performed during primary rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity305 explores if sensory and motor pathways controlling the lower urinary tract function are affected from the disease. METHODS: Neurourological examinations, urodynamics, electromyography and lower urinary tract imaging were performed in 28 @entity1 with @entity305 . DISCUSSION: Sacral sensation was impaired in 1 @entity1 (4%). Sacral reflexes were absent in 8 @entity1 (30%). Anal sphincter resting tone was reduced in 3 (12%), anal @entity2472 was absent or reduced in 8 @entity1 (30%). Urodynamic findings were detrusor overactivity and detrusor overactivity incontinence in 9 (37.5%), incomplete voiding in 8 (30%), abnormal sphincter activity in 4 (16%), @entity1494 in 4 (16%) and detrusor acontractility in 2 @entity1 (8.3%). Morphological abnormalities of the lower urinary tract had 10 @entity1 (41.6%). CONCLUSION: Sensory and motor pathways controlling the lower urinary tract might be affected from CIP. During urodynamics dysfunctions of the storage as well as the voiding phase were found. Morphological lower urinary tract abnormalities were common.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bladder sensation']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Critical illness polyneuropathy', 'critical illness polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['critical illness polyneuropathy']


abstract: Hearing developmental dyslexics and profoundly deaf individuals both have difficulties processing the internal structure of words (phonological processing) and learning to read. In hearing non-impaired readers, the development of phonological representations depends on audition. In @entity393 , many argue, auditory processes may be impaired. In congenitally profoundly deaf individuals, auditory speech processing is essentially absent. Two separate literatures have previously reported enhanced activation in the @entity75 in both deaf and dyslexic adults when contrasted with hearing non-dyslexics during reading or phonological tasks. Here, we used a rhyme judgement task to compare adults from these two special populations to a @entity6363 control group. All groups were matched on non-verbal intelligence quotient, reading age and rhyme performance. Picture stimuli were used since this requires @entity1 to generate their own phonological representations, rather than have them partially provided via text. By testing well-matched groups of @entity1 on the same task, we aimed to establish whether previous literatures reporting differences between individuals with and without phonological processing difficulties have identified the same regions of differential activation in these two distinct populations. The data indicate greater activation in the deaf and dyslexic groups than in the @entity6363 group across a large portion of the @entity75 . This includes the pars triangularis, extending superiorly into the middle frontal gyrus and posteriorly to include the pars opercularis, and the junction with the ventral precentral gyrus. Within the @entity75 , there was variability between the two groups with phonological processing difficulties. The superior posterior tip of the left pars opercularis, extending into the precentral gyrus, was activated to a greater extent by deaf than dyslexic @entity1 , whereas the superior posterior portion of the pars triangularis extending into the ventral pars opercularis, was activated to a greater extent by dyslexic than deaf @entity1 . Whether these regions play differing roles in compensating for poor phonological processing is not clear. However, we argue that our main finding of greater inferior frontal gyrus activation in both groups with phonological processing difficulties in contrast to controls suggests greater reliance on the articulatory component of speech during phonological processing when auditory processes are absent (deaf group) or impaired (dyslexic group). Thus, the brain appears to develop a similar solution to a processing problem that has different antecedents in these two populations.

title: Enhanced activation of the XXXX in deaf and dyslexic adults during rhyming.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal gyrus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing dyslexics']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['hearing non-dyslexic']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['left inferior frontal gyrus']


abstract: Rabies diagnosis in @entity1 can be made by obtaining a history of exposure particularly to an animal bite, clinical symptoms and signs, neuroimaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory testing. Although diagnosis made by clinical grounds alone can be useful, this can only be limited to furious @entity12539 . Owing to the fact that there is more than one form of @entity12539 (furious, @entity12539 ) relying on only clinical diagnosis will undoubtedly lead to under reporting. The nonclassic or atypical @entity12539 presents with a non specific pattern lacking pathognomomic signs as found in classic forms (furious and @entity8442 ). A diagnosis of @entity12539 should be considered in any @entity1 who presents with @entity75 of unknown cause. Diagnosis of @entity12539 requires laboratory confirmation. MRI pattern may differentiate @entity12539 from other viral encephalitides. Laboratory diagnosis can be used for confirmation by demonstration of viral proteins or its genomic RNA. The nucleic acid amplification method is often used as a diagnostic test due to its good sensitivity and specificity and can be applied to wide varieties of specimens. Accurate data on @entity12539 statistics contribute to the success in control and prevention of @entity12539 .

title: [Rabies diagnosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12539 :: ('MESH:D011818', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic and atypical rabies', 'rabies']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18058 Background: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) accounts for 80-85% of all diagnosed @entity2 in which nonsquamous predominates histology subgroups. Over 70% of @entity1149 @entity1 are locally advanced or metastatic diseases and @entity902 -based doublets remain the treatment backbone resulting in better survival and quality of life. Pemetrexed/ @entity902 has become an efficacious regimen in non-squamous @entity1149 . METHODS: Two @entity902 -doublet regimens were utilized in this phase II trial for newly diagnosed stage IIIb ( @entity3483 )/IV @entity1149 @entity1 . For @entity189 , 16 @entity1 were planned to receive 500 mg/m(2) of pemetrexed in combination with @entity902 ( @entity900 80 mg/m(2) or @entity3003 AUC = 5) and 16 @entity1 with 175 mg/m(2) of @entity1311 in combination with @entity902 . Eight @entity1 with @entity957 were allocated to @entity1311 and @entity900 . Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression with 6 cycles maximum. Response evaluation was performed every 2 cycles. RESULTS: From December 2009 to December 2010, 33 @entity1149 @entity1 gave consent. Three @entity1 were excluded from the analysis ( @entity204 before treatment, co-primary @entity5 , and unmet liver function, each). Among 30 eligible @entity1 , 26 @entity1 had nonsquamous whereas 4 @entity1 were squamous histology. Fifteen @entity1 in the non-squamous group received pemetrexed/ @entity902 and 11 @entity1 received @entity1311 / @entity902 . Responses and grade 3/4 @entity137 to each treatment regimen was described in the table. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of pemetrexed/ @entity902 regimen to the non-squamous @entity1149 tends to provide better response with tolerable @entity137 profile compared to the @entity1311 / @entity902 . Survival benefit needs to be followed and further evaluated. [Table: see text].

title: Phase II study of histology-guided chemotherapy in stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 with pemetrexed plus @entity902 for @entity189 and taxane plus XXXX for @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Long-term endurance sports are associated with @entity13678 and an increased risk for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and @entity956 . Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) is a marker of atrial wall tension and elevated in @entity1 with @entity955 . The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity13678 would be perpetuated by repetitive episodes of @entity955 , reflected by elevated levels of pro-ANP. A cross-sectional study was performed on nonelite runners scheduled to participate in the 2010 Grand Prix of Bern, a 10-mile race. Four hundred ninety-two marathon and nonmarathon runners applied for participation, 70 were randomly selected, and 56 entered the final analysis. Subjects were stratified according to former marathon participations: a control group (nonmarathon runners, n = 22), group 1 (1 to 4 marathons, n = 16), and group 2 (>= 5 marathons, n = 18). Results were adjusted for age, training years, and average weekly endurance training hours. The mean age was 42    7 years. Compared to the control group, marathon runners in groups 1 and 2 had larger left atria (25    6 vs 30    6 vs 34    7 ml/m(2), p = 0.002) and larger right atria (27    7 vs 31    8 vs 35    5 ml/m(2), p = 0.024). Pro-ANP levels at baseline were higher in marathon runners (1.04    0.38 vs 1.42    0.74 vs 1.67    0.69 nmol/L, p = 0.006). Pro-ANP increased significantly in all groups after the race. In multiple linear regression analysis, marathon participation was an independent predictor of left atrial (b = 0.427, p <0.001) and right atrial (b = 0.395, p = 0.006) remodeling. In conclusion, marathon running was associated with progressive left and right @entity13678 , possibly induced by repetitive episodes of atrial stretching. The altered left and right atrial substrate may facilitate @entity943 .

title: Comparison of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and XXXX in marathon versus non-marathon runners.

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial stretching during strenuous competitions', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity13678 :: (MESH:D064752,Disease) :: ['atrial remodeling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9027 Background: Since few complete responses occur and a subset of @entity1 do not respond at all, additional biologically targeted interventions are needed for @entity1 with metastatic @entity677 . Among pleiotropic actions of IFNs are inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis-effects we postulated might occur in cell lines derived from @entity677 . METHODS: KIT-dependent GIST882 cells were treated with @entity4020 or @entity2391 at concentrations of 10-500 units and antiproliferative effects (cell counts) and apoptosis (flow cytometry) assessed at 3 and 7 days. Gene induction and signal pathway components were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: At 10 units of @entity2391 cell counts decreased 70% and at 50 units 90%; @entity4020 decreased cell counts 10% (10 units) and 75% (50 units). @entity2213 (1 M) resulted in 75% inhibition. Apoptosis was assessed at 3 and 7 d with increasing doses of IFNs. A dose and time-related increase in apoptosis occurred with 100 units of @entity2391 resulting in >50% TUNEL positive cells at 7 d ( @entity2213 1 M=23% TUNEL positive cells at 7 d). By 48 hrs, @entity522 was activated by both @entity61366 , though more potently by @entity2391 . Potentially underlying apoptosis induction were interferon-stimulated genes that occurred as early as 6 hrs after @entity3027 , @entity4020 , and @entity2391 and with up to 8x increases in @entity29459 , phospholipid scramblase, @entity22768 and @entity2205 . To further explore signal transduction pathways underlying effects on apoptosis, @entity4104 , p- @entity4104 , @entity584 , p- @entity584 , and @entity2467 were assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment with IFNs; @entity2391 , and to a lesser extent @entity4020 , suppressed p- @entity584 and activated @entity2467 expression at 48 and 72 hrs. CONCLUSION: @entity677 882 cells were quite sensitive to targeted gene modulation, antiproliferative effects and apoptosis by IFNs, particularly @entity2391 . This effect, associated with increase in IFN-stimulated, apoptosis-mediating genes and decrease in activated @entity2467 and the anti-apoptotic p- @entity584 , suggests a possible role for @entity2391 in @entity1 with @entity2213 -refractory @entity677 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Induction of @entity2205 and @entity22768 and inhibition of p- @entity584 and XXXX expression by interferons (IFNs) is associated with apoptosis in @entity677 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['c-Kit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) and @entity2693 measured at rest (passively) and @entity9420 during gait in individuals with and without @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity16 . Specifically, we sought to address three questions for this at-risk @entity1 population: (1) Does peak passive DF ROM predict ankle DF ROM used during gait? (2) Does passive @entity3681 predict @entity3681 used during gait? (3) Are any of the passive or gait-related ankle measures associated with @entity9420 ? METHODS: Ten subjects with @entity6 and 10 age and gender matched non-diabetic control subjects participated in this study. Passive ankle DF ROM and @entity2693 were measured with the Iowa Ankle ROM device. Kinematic, kinetic and plantar pressure data were collected as subjects walked at 0.89 m/s. RESULTS: We found that subjects with @entity6 have reduced passive ankle DF ROM and increased @entity2693 compared to non-diabetic control subjects, however, subjects with @entity6 demonstrated ankle motion, @entity551 , similar to control subjects, while walking at the identical speed, 0.89 m/s (2 mph). These data indicate that clinical measures of heel cord tightness and @entity2693 do not represent ankle motion or @entity2693 utilized during gait. Our findings suggest that subjects with @entity6 utilize strategies such as shortening their stride length and reducing their push-off power to modulate @entity9420 .

title: Ankle ROM and XXXX measured at rest and during gait in individuals with and without diabetic sensory neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle stiffness']

entities_list: @entity9420 :: ('MESH:C536761', 'Disease') :: ['plantar loading']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness and plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 presented with a focal @entity302 , fluctuating @entity75 . Antibodies to voltage-gated @entity972 channels (VGKC-Abs) were detected in his serum. Several features of this case were different from those previously reported in VGKC-Ab-associated @entity198 , illustrating that it may have a broader phenotype than previously documented. These features were: excess hepatic @entity68 deposits without @entity82 , @entity1662 and fluctuating neurological signs. Previous history included personality change, @entity308 , @entity6 , @entity2895 and @entity302 secondary to a @entity542 . He had never drunk @entity285 and had recovered from a similar episode 4 years previously. Both episodes resolved after approximately 2 months. The cerebrospinal fluid had a raised protein content but no organisms. The @entity1 was heterozygous for @entity14399 and negative for @entity14397 mutations excluding classical idiopathic @entity9595 . He recovered with supportive care to his premorbid level of health.

title: Voltage-gated @entity972 channel antibody-related XXXX : a case which may extend the documented phenotype of this condition.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['haemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['pupil sparing third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['reduced consciousness']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of @entity2918 in maintaining circulatory homoeostasis in @entity712 and the hypothesis that an increase in vasodilatory prostaglandin synthesis may contribute to the actions of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in @entity712 . DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled studies. Cardiac output and renal and limb blood flow were measured after oral @entity3352 50 mg or placebo followed by "open" intravenous infusion of @entity1421 (study A). In a second study the same measurements were made after oral @entity3352 50 mg or placebo was given 30 min before "open" @entity3371 (study B). METHODS: Blood pressure was measured using a @entity349 sphygmomanometer. Cardiac output was determined by Doppler interrogation of blood flow in the ascending aorta and echocardiographic measurement of aortic root diameter. Renal blood flow was calculated from the effective renal plasma flow measured by @entity10945 clearance and the haematocrit, and glomerular filtration rate by endogenous @entity1011 clearance. Limb blood flow was measured by @entity432 plethysmography using @entity349 in silastic strain gauges. The concentration of plasma @entity1421 was measured by radioimmunoassay. SETTING: University department of cardiovascular medicine. @entity1 : 12 @entity1 with chronic stable @entity712 before starting treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. RESULTS: @entity3352 resulted in adverse effects on cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, urinary @entity1372 excretion, and @entity291 vascular resistance. Changes were reversed with infusion of @entity1421 . Pretreatment with @entity3352 resulted in the attenuation of the acute increase in cardiac output and decrease in systemic vascular resistance that occurred with @entity3371 . Similarly, an increase in renal blood flow with @entity3371 was attenuated by @entity3352 . CONCLUSIONS: The acute adverse effects of @entity3352 on central and peripheral haemodynamic and renal function suggest that @entity2918 have a significant role in the regulation of peripheral blood flow and renal function in @entity1 with stable @entity712 . The attenuation by @entity3352 of @entity3371 induced improvements in haemodynamic function and renal blood flow is consistent with the hypothesis that @entity3371 may act in part via an increase in prostaglandin synthesis.

title: Peripheral haemodynamic effects of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in @entity712 and interactions with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1749 -based induction followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is a common treatment for @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Stem cell (SC) mobilization with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) alone has become an alternative to @entity1261 combined with chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the two mobilization modalities following induction with a uniform regimen containing @entity1749 , @entity786 and @entity619 (VCD). We retrospectively evaluated results of SC mobilization using either @entity1261 alone or combined with high-dose @entity786 ( @entity2033 -CY) in @entity1582 @entity1 after VCD induction. The primary endpoints of the study were engraftment and mobilization-associated @entity137 . Parameters of stem cell collection, transplantation and engraftment were assessed. Data of 92 @entity1 were analyzed [56 (61%) mobilized with @entity2033 -CY  +  @entity1261 and 36 (39%) with @entity1261 only]. @entity2033 -CY  +  @entity1261 provided a higher number of @entity2280  +  cells (15.9 vs 8.1  *  10(6)/kg, p  =  0.001) with fewer apheresis sessions. However, while no adverse events were observed in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 alone, nine @entity1 (16%) receiving @entity2033 -CY  +  @entity1261 developed @entity221 requiring hospitalization. Although a greater number of cells was transplanted following mobilization with @entity2033 -CY  +  @entity1261 , neutrophil and platelet engraftment and duration of transplant-related hospitalization were similar in both cohorts. @entity1261 alone provided a sufficient SC amount, without exposing @entity1 to additional @entity137 . While @entity2033 -CY  +  @entity1261 resulted in a superior SC yield in @entity1582 @entity1 induced with VCD, this advantage should be balanced against adverse effects of this mobilization regimen.

title: Comparison of engraftment following different stem cell mobilization modalities in @entity1 with @entity1582 treated with a uniform induction regimen containing @entity1749 , @entity786 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many case-control studies have investigated the association between @entity148 , @entity308 , the history of @entity146 symptoms and risk of @entity0 . However, findings are inconsistent, and results may be explained by the fact that most of the epidemiological data available come from retrospective case-control studies. We have conducted this case-control study with a so-called "limited prospective study design" to reduce the potential for recall bias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an extension of the Kuopio @entity0 Study. @entity1 with breast symptoms were referred by physicians to the Kuopio University Hospital (Finland) and were asked to participate in this study. These subjects were interviewed and all study variables were obtained before any diagnostic procedures were carried out, so neither the investigator nor the subject knew the final diagnosis of breast symptoms at the time of the interview. The research method used was the semistructured in-depth interview method. The Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 rating scale (MADRS) was used to evaluate the @entity308 of the study subjects. All study subjects were also asked to complete standardised questionnaires (Beck @entity308 Inventory and Spielberger Trait Inventory). The Forsen Inventory was used to evaluate the history of @entity146 symptoms of the subjects in the six years prior to admission. RESULTS: Clinical examination and biopsy showed @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in 34 @entity1 , @entity1558 ( @entity1558 ) in 53 @entity1 , while 28 study subjects were healthy ( @entity8221 ). The mean "Forsen-score 2-6 yrs" of the @entity0 group was lower (9.8) than the scores of the @entity1558 group (11.8) and the @entity8221 group (12.5) (p = 0.4). The investigator-characterized variables, "MADRS"- and " @entity308 "-variables correlated significantly (p-value under 0.001) with those variables reported by the study subjects, "BDT", "A-trait" and "Forsen-score". The " @entity148 "-variables characterized by the investigator correlated to the "A-trait"-variable and "Forsen-score"-variable reported by the study subjects (p-value under 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support an overall association between @entity148 , @entity308 , history of @entity146 symptoms and @entity0 risk. However, the exact effects of psychological factors on the various hormones relevant to the development of @entity0 are at present poorly defined.

title: @entity148 , XXXX , and the history of @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1558 : a prospective case-control study in Kuopio, Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BC', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease', 'BBD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tissue @entity82 is a hallmark compromising feature of many disorders. In this study, we investigated the antifibrogenic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) on cytokine-driven fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Skin fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and normal healthy control subjects were stimulated with profibrotic cytokines in combination with @entity10319 . @entity1 Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and levels of soluble collagen were estimated using the SirCol collagen assay. Electromobility shift assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the intracellular distribution of Smad transcription factors. For in vivo analysis, skin @entity82 was quantified by histologic assessment of @entity19 skin tissue in a model of @entity1732 -induced @entity82 . RESULTS: Reductions in the cytokine-induced transcription of Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were observed in both normal and @entity785 skin fibroblasts following the addition of @entity10319 . Similarly, the expression of total collagen protein in @entity10319 -stimulated @entity785 skin fibroblasts was reduced to basal levels. The mechanism of action of @entity10319 included inhibition of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of profibrotic Smad transcription factors. Western blot analysis revealed an up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity5207 by @entity10319 , leading to reduced proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, in @entity1732 -induced @entity82 in @entity19 , @entity10319 prevented dermal accumulation of extracellular matrix in vivo. CONCLUSION: These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of @entity82 . @entity10319 and similar inhibitory compounds appear to represent early therapeutic strategies for achieving reversal of the cytokine-driven induction of matrix synthesis that leads to @entity82 .

title: @entity3996 prevents the accumulation of extracellular matrix in a XXXX model of @entity1732 -induced skin @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In this paper we investigate in vivo and in vitro effects of orally administered @entity15574 and @entity4080 on the phagocytic responses of Rhodnius prolixus 5th-instar larval hemocytes to the @entity375 @entity375 . Groups of insects fed non-treated blood (control) and insects that received @entity15574 plus @entity4080 in the blood meal were inoculated with @entity375 cells in the hemocele. The injected @entity375 cells disappeared rapidly from the hemolymph, being removed completely by 90min after inoculation. In the insects treated only with @entity15574 the clearance of free @entity375 circulating particles was significantly delayed compared to the two previously mentioned groups. It was demonstrated that the binding of @entity375 cells to hemocytes was reduced in the insects treated only with @entity15574 in comparison to both non-treated control and @entity15574 plus @entity4080 -treated groups. Phagocytosis occurred when @entity375 cells were added to hemocyte monolayers prepared with hemolymph from blood fed insects, treated or not with @entity15574 plus @entity4080 , so that @entity375 cells were rapidly bound to hemocytes and internalized in high numbers. By contrast, insects treated with @entity15574 exhibited a drastic reduction in the quantity of @entity375 cell-hemocyte binding and subsequent internalization. In all groups, the hemocytes attached to the glass slides were predominantly plasmatocytes. The magnitude and speed of the cellular response suggests that hemocyte phagocytosis is one of the main driving forces for the clearance of free circulating @entity375 cells from the hemolymph. We propose that @entity4080 modulates phagocytosis in R. prolixus larvae, and that this effect is antagonized by @entity15574 .

title: Cellular immune response in Rhodnius prolixus: role of XXXX in hemocyte phagocytosis.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity15574 :: ('MESH:C010329', 'Chemical') :: ['azadirachtin']

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

answer: @entity4080 :: (MESH:D004440,Chemical) :: ['ecdysone']


abstract: Tibia development was studied by histomorphometry in male @entity1573 and @entity233 fed ad libitum throughout the growing period, or subjected to an early-age (1-week) severe feed restriction for 6 and 14 days, respectively. In @entity233 , the rates of longitudinal bone growth and epiphyseal width growth, both dependent on the activity of chondrocytes, proceeded rapidly and reached maxima at early ages of 24 and 11 days, respectively. Moreover, longitudinal bone growth and the growth of epiphyseal width were reduced during early-age feed restriction, in both @entity1573 and @entity233 . On the other hand, the rate of growth of metaphyseal width, determined by activity of bone cells such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts, reached in @entity233 a maximum at the relatively late age of 70 days, and was not influenced by feed restriction. Rhythmic variation characterized the temporal behavior of the height of the @entity1184 and non- @entity1184 zones of the growth plate, the trabecular width, and the osteoclasts number at the subchondral region. Rhythmicity appeared similar in both ad libitum-fed and early-age feed-restricted birds of both species. The height of the non- @entity1184 epiphyseal cartilage appeared not to change, whereas the @entity1184 zone decreased with age and early-age feed restriction, demonstrating the importance of cartilage cell @entity1184 as a main @entity79 . Sexual maturation was accompanied by the disappearance of both @entity1184 and non- @entity1184 zones of the epiphyseal growth plate and the end of bone elongation. Trabecular width at the end of bone elongation. Trabecular width at the subchondral region increased while osteoclast number decreased with age, reflecting the net increase in bone mass, but were not affected significantly by early age feed restriction. Compensatory growth of the early-age feed-restricted birds, resulted in the complete recovery of affected bone variables within a few weeks of resumed ad libitum feed intake.

title: Tibia development in @entity233 and XXXX as affected by early-age feed restriction.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of longitudinal bone growth']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 developed in 1965 @entity272 on cold exposure and was found to have @entity14033 due to an M-component of IgG class. @entity8 was first noted in 1970, and progressed to @entity8 and @entity1985 during the next two years. Reduced serum levels of complement components C3 and C4 were found, indicating in vivo complement activation. Renal biopsy revealed @entity631 and deposition of IgG and C3 along the glomerular basement membrane. Electron microscopical examination revealed a striking deposition of a 'fibrillar' or microcrystalline material in the glomerular basement membrane. This material had an ultrastructure similar to that found in the cryoprecipitate from serum. There were no tubular changes of @entity1582 type, neither were there any monoclonal light chains detected in the urine. So far, there are no other signs of @entity1582 or @entity706 . Immunosuppressive treatment with @entity229 and @entity786 resulted in a decrease in the serum M-component as well as a decrease in protein leakage through the glomeruli and a return to normal of glomerular filtration rate. The finding of monoclonal @entity14033 , demonstrable at room temperature, in a @entity1 developing @entity631 with complement activation is unusual. It is probably that the M-component is causally related to the @entity8 .

title: Monoclonal XXXX with secondary development of @entity631 and @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular damage', 'renal impairment', 'glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity14033 :: (MESH:D003449,Disease) :: ['IgG cryoglobulinemia']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the histopathological characteristics of @entity1586 , found during colonoscopy examination and endoscopic polypectomy, and their relation to age, @entity5 location, sex, histological type and degree of @entity5115 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 1997, 2,465 total colonoscopies were performed at the Gastroenterology Department of the Virgin Macarena University Hospital in Seville. Different size @entity1127 were found in 318 @entity1 who had been referred because of several symptoms/by several centers. The mean age was 59.2 years in @entity1 and 61.5 years in @entity1 . RESULTS: 446 @entity1127 were removed by endoscopic polypectomy, 32 (7.2%) were @entity1127 , 402 were @entity652 (90.2%) and 12 (2.6%) were @entity652 with @entity420 . Seventy-five percent of @entity652 were located in the left colon and rectum and 25% in right colon. @entity1127 were found in left colon. Of the @entity1127 removed, 55.1% were smaller than 1 cm, 26.5% were between 1 and 2 cm and 18.4% were between 2 and 7 cm. Histopathologic study of @entity652 revealed that 17% were @entity5493 , 80% were tubular @entity652 and 3% were @entity652 . @entity420 were found in 12 (2.8%) @entity652 . Of the @entity6523 , 87.4% had low-grade @entity1141 and 12.6% high-grade @entity1141 . Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between size of @entity652 and degree of @entity1141 (p < 0.05). Similar significant relation was found between histological type and size (p < 0.05) but there were no statistically significant differences between location, sex or age, and degree of @entity1141 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Size of @entity1586 is related to @entity5115 and histological type (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between location, sex or age and degree of @entity1141 .

title: [The assessment of XXXX found via colonoscopy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps', 'Hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubulovillous adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe a spontaneous @entity14853 at 14 weeks gestation in a Turner @entity1 . A 39 year-old @entity1 was admitted for @entity490 and @entity551 at 14 weeks of pregnancy. The pregnancy had been obtained by oocyte donation and @entity52 ( @entity52 ) because of @entity2689 . The abdominal ultrasound scan showed a normal pregnancy and a conserved foetal cardiac activity. It also showed a large amount of free fluid in the perihepatic space. Haemoglobin was 11.2g/dL. After hemodynamic degradation, urgent laparoscopy showed an unrepairable @entity14853 with partial exteriorisation of the pregnancy, and @entity8052 . Urgent conversion to laparotomy allowed haemostatic hysterectomy. Uterine rupture during pregnancy obtained by oocyte donation in @entity2689 may be life threatening. The possibility of such a complication should be considered before oocyte donation for @entity52 in Turner's @entity1 . Early spontaneous @entity14853 (second trimester) is a challenging diagnostic that should be evoked in case of non-specific @entity490 in the presence of risk factors.

title: Spontaneous @entity14853 at 14 weeks gestation during a pregnancy consecutive to an oocyte donation in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14853 :: ('MESH:D014597', 'Disease') :: ['uterine rupture']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta percreta']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner's syndrome']


abstract: Aphids are an economically important group of insects that have an intricate life cycle with seasonal polyphenism. This study aimed to explore the physiological background of aphid migration from unfavorable nutritional conditions to a new, intact host plant. Specifically, the relative expression of stress/metabolism-related genes and changes in metabolic reserves were determined for the winged and wingless forms of female @entity6294 , @entity6294 , under two different nutritional conditions. The expression level was determined for the following sets of genes: the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and its receptor, enzymes involved in @entity1735 and lipid metabolism, detoxifying enzymes, and genes encoding exoskeleton/cuticular proteins and cytoskeleton proteins. In both forms, the transcription of the adipokinetic hormone was upregulated during nutritional stress, whereas its receptor mRNA levels remained unchanged. Similarly, the expression of genes engaged in glycogen and @entity412 degradation was elevated. Glycogen reserves and phospholipids appeared to be used during stress. In comparison, nutrient rich reproductively active females of both forms appeared to use @entity1674 . Moreover, we revealed changes in the mRNA level of the detoxifying genes delta-class @entity58126 ( @entity58126  ) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450), as well as the CP gene (which encodes exoskeleton/cuticular proteins) and the cofilin gene (the products of which influence cytoskeleton organization). These results indicate the possible correlation between nutritional stress, energy content, AKH, and the stress-related enzymes of different metabolic pathways in winged and wingless forms of A. pisum.

title: Expression of stress-related genes in the parthenogenetic forms of the @entity6294 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6294 :: ('7029', 'Species') :: ['Acyrthosiphon pisum', 'pea aphids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity6294 :: (7029,Species) :: ['Acyrthosiphon pisum']


abstract: Adenoviral vectors are highly efficient for transferring genes to islets. However, the inflammatory and immune responses stimulated by adenovirus may be detrimental to islet survival. Given the role of chemokines and their receptors in @entity32 , we analyzed their expression in isolated @entity19 islets, in a @entity19 beta cell line and in syngeneic islet grafts after adenovirus transduction (AdRSVLacZ). AdRSVLacZ transduction enhanced and induced the expression of a variety of chemokines. Transduced syngeneic transplanted islets showed significantly enhanced expression of multiple chemokines and receptors, including @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ), @entity13766 ( @entity13766 ) and @entity638 ( @entity638 ), compared with untransduced islet grafts. AdRSVLacZ-transduced islet grafts had significant mononuclear infiltrates, and in situ hybridization demonstrated intragraft expression of @entity1750 , @entity13766 and @entity638 . Although adenovirus transduction did not impair in vitro insulin secretion, @entity6 was reversed in only one of six recipients of a marginal mass of AdRSVLacZ-transduced islets, compared with six of six control recipients. In conclusion, multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors are expressed by @entity19 islets constitutively and in response to adenovirus transduction. Adenovirus transduction impairs engraftment of marginal mass of transplanted islets. This is not because of direct vector toxicity of islet secretory capacity, but may be related to host innate immunity in response to adenovirus vector.

title: Adenovirus transduction induces expression of multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors in XXXX beta cells and pancreatic islets.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity638 :: ('20304(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted', 'RANTES']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: To undertake cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of an intervention to improve oral health in @entity1 presenting with the gingival manifestations of @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ). MATERIALS _ METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 were recruited to a 20-week randomized controlled trial. The intervention was personalized plaque control comprising powered tooth brushing and inter-dental cleaning advice. The primary outcome measure was the oral health impact profile (OHIP) with secondary outcomes of @entity158 , plaque index, @entity3137 score and cost-effectiveness. Private cost data and stated willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for treatment were obtained from intervention @entity1 at 20  weeks. RESULTS: Overall, 81% of intervention @entity1 showed improvement in both plaque index and @entity3137 score at 20  weeks compared to 30% of controls that continued with their usual plaque control regimen. All intervention group @entity1 stated a positive WTP value. The mean net value of the treatment was   172 compared to the incremental cost of the treatment estimated at   122.75. The cost-effectiveness analysis resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of   13 per OHIP point. CONCLUSIONS: The tailored plaque control programme was more effective than control in treating the gingival manifestations of @entity8619 . The programme is cost effective for modest values placed on a point on the OHIP scale and @entity1 generally valued the treatment in excess of the cost.

title: Cost-effectiveness of personalized plaque control for managing the gingival manifestations of XXXX : a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ( @entity18942 /SF) plays an important role in tissue repair in liver and @entity8 . The clinical significance of this growth factor in these diseases has also been reported. The lung is one of the major sources of @entity18942 /SF; because of this, we investigated serum @entity18942 /SF levels in 26 @entity1 with @entity55 (15 with @entity401 [ @entity401 ], 11 with @entity2028 [ @entity2028 ]) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As controls, we measured @entity18942 /SF in the serum of 13 stable outpatients with chronic @entity1576 . All @entity1 had no significant @entity409 . Serum @entity18942 /SF levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity401 (1.16 +/- 0.22 ng/ml) or @entity2028 (0.96 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) compared with those in the control subjects (0.29 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, both p < 0.01). Serum @entity18942 /SF levels in 14 healthy subjects were also studied, and the results (0.30 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) were not remarkably different from those of the control subjects. There were no significant correlations between serum @entity18942 /SF levels and C-reactive protein and @entity880 dehydrogenase. Serum @entity18942 /SF levels in the surviving @entity1 rapidly decreased with treatment, but they did not change in the @entity1 who ultimately died. Our results demonstrate the clinical significance of serum @entity18942 /SF level as a useful indicator of prognosis in @entity55 .

title: Elevated serum hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver or renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'IP']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia', 'BP']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['inflammatory lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subperiosteal @entity733 may accompany @entity4550 secondary to @entity1244 . Common surgical principles include incision and drainage of all abscesses. Previous evidence suggests that some orbital abscesses may be treatable with intravenous antibiotics, especially in young @entity1 . @entity1 's hospital records were reviewed to determine which abscesses may be treated medically. @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of @entity1 admitted for @entity4550 from 1993 to 1996 were reviewed. @entity1 with @entity733 on CT scan were included. Clinical outcomes for initial surgical versus medical management of medial abscesses were compared. Differences in age, hospital stay, and intracranial involvement were analyzed for medial versus nonmedial abscesses. RESULTS: All @entity1 had abscesses adjacent to infected sinuses. Eighteen young @entity1 had medial abscesses. Twelve of 13 were cured by initial medical treatment; 4 of 5 underwent successful initial drainage. Outcomes were not statistically different (P > .490). Seven @entity1 with nonmedial abscesses were older (P < .001) and had more complicated courses than those with medial @entity733 . Three of 6 @entity1 with superior orbital @entity733 also had @entity932 . @entity1504 was more likely with superior versus medial orbital @entity733 (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Medial subperiosteal orbital abscesses secondary to @entity1244 in @entity1 6 years of age and younger are highly amenable to treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Older @entity1 and @entity1 with nonmedial abscesses may have more complicated infections. @entity1 with superior orbital abscesses are at higher risk for @entity932 .

title: Medical treatment of pediatric subperiosteal orbital abscess secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscess']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial complication']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subperiosteal abscess', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']