abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity526 producing @entity25323 ( @entity25323 ), particularly CTX-M type ESBLs, have rapidly spread worldwide and pose a serious threat for healthcare-associated @entity281 . We performed a molecular detection and characterization study of @entity25323 -related bla genes, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M15, and also assessed the relationship between the phylogenetic background of strains carrying @entity25323 genes and the @entity1 's clinical outcome. METHODOLOGY: A total of 300 non-repeated, clinically significant isolates were investigated. The molecular types of @entity25323 genes were determined using multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using triplex PCR methods. Antibiograms and the @entity1 's clinical outcome were collected in a structured pro forma. RESULTS: Among the 300 isolates, 212 (70.5%) isolates were found to carry @entity25323 genes. A total of 186 (62%) strains were positive for the blaCTX-M gene, and 171 isolates (approximately 92%) of these blaCTX-M producers were positive for blaCTXM-15. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates indicated that 41 (67%) Group A, 22 (81.50%) group B1, 67 (64.5%) group B2 and 82 (76%) group D isolates carried different @entity25323 genes. Appropriate antibiotic therapy helped to @entity281 in 66.5% @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study documented the high prevalence of ESBLs in @entity526 isolates, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant @entity25323 gene in the region, and these isolates predominantly belonged to commensal phylo-groups. Thus, an appropriate antibiotic and hospital policy is required to reduce the horizontal spread of @entity25323 genes among various bacterial strains, whereas in the near future, the spread of @entity25323 producers may result in therapeutic dead ends.

title: Clinical significance and phylogenetic background of extended spectrum b-lactamase producing @entity526 isolates from extra-intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['resolve infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity25323 :: ('13906541', 'Gene') :: ['extended spectrum-b-lactamases', 'ESBL']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to establish the impact of acute @entity101 on @entity1286 's requirements after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: The design was a randomized, simple blinded study. SETTING: The settings were operating room, postoperative recovery area, and first postoperative day. @entity1 : There were 50 @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II, aged 18-50 years, undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy with general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthetic management was standardized using @entity1875 for induction, @entity5161 for bispectral index (BIS) ranging between 40 and 60, and @entity1937 maintained at a constant rate of 0.4  g kg per minute throughout surgery in all @entity1 . Once intubated, @entity1 were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: @entity101 group: systolic arterial blood pressure was maintained with @entity2647 infusion 20%-30% over baseline; control group: systolic arterial blood pressure was maintained 20%-30% below baseline. All surgical incisions were infiltrated with @entity1341 0.5%, and every @entity1 received @entity6058 60 mg intravenous. @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 with @entity1286 intravenous was used for postoperative @entity1337 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity158 visual analogue scale scores, arterial blood pressure, and @entity1931 were assessed at recovery room every 15 minutes during the first 2 postoperative hours and then at 6, 12, and 24 postoperative hours. Cumulative @entity1286 consumption was registered at 2 and 24 postoperative hours. MAIN RESULTS: The cumulative @entity1286 consumption in the control group was around 18 mg compared with 6 mg in the @entity101 group (P = .019). During the first 75 minutes after surgery, the control group had higher visual analogue scale score @entity158 compared with @entity101 group (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative acute generation of mild @entity101 with @entity2647 reduced postoperative @entity1286 consumption and @entity158 scores after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Effect of acute arterial @entity101 on XXXX requirements and postsurgical @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the survival rates of @entity235 and @entity468 that underwent surgical treatment for @entity11367 within 24 hours of admission and determine whether timing of surgery affected perioperative survival rate. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 63 @entity235 and 29 @entity468 treated surgically for @entity11367 . PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed to evaluate associations between perioperative survival rates and variables including timing of surgery in relation to admission and acute versus chronic @entity2914 . RESULTS: Among the 92 animals, 82 (89.1%) were discharged alive after surgery. Sixty-four (69.6%) @entity1 received surgical intervention within 12 hours of admission, and 84 (91.3%) received surgical intervention within 24 hours of admission. Median time from admission to discharge was 4 days (2 to 33 days). Data for acute cases (68 @entity235 and @entity468 ) were analyzed separately. Sixty-three (92.6%) @entity1 with acute @entity2914 received surgical intervention within 24 hours of admission to the hospital, and 59 (93.7%) of these @entity1 were discharged alive. Twenty-nine (42.6%) @entity1 with acute @entity2914 received surgical intervention within 24 hours of @entity130 , and 26 of 29 (89.7%) @entity1 were discharged alive. An overall acute and chronic perioperative survival rate of 89.7% was observed in @entity235 and @entity468 that received surgical intervention within 24 hours of admission. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results in 68 @entity235 and @entity468 that underwent surgery within 24 hours of admission suggested that early surgical intervention for acute @entity2914 was associated with good perioperative survival rates.

title: Perioperative survival rates after surgery for XXXX in @entity235 and @entity468 : 92 cases (1990-2002).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11367 :: ('MESH:D006549', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is characterized by excessive @entity82 and @entity455 . Abnormal @entity641 activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity785 . Aberrant @entity641 /Smad signaling can be controlled by stabilization of microtubules with @entity1311 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: @entity785 and healthy @entity1 skin biopsies were incubated in the presence or absence of @entity1311 followed by transplantation into severe combined @entity465 @entity19 . @entity641 signaling, @entity82 , and neovessel formation were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. @entity1311 markedly suppressed @entity14570 and @entity3078 phosphorylation and collagen deposition in @entity785 grafts. As a result, the autonomous maintenance/reconstitution of the @entity785 phenotype was prevented. Remarkably, @entity785 grafts showed a 2-fold increase in neovessel formation relative to normal grafts, regardless of @entity1311 treatment. Angiogenesis in @entity785 grafts was associated with a substantial increase in @entity19 @entity5231 expression, indicating the @entity19 origin of the neovascular cells. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity1311 can significantly suppress @entity641 /Smad activity and lessen @entity82 in @entity915 @entity19 . Transplantation of @entity785 skin into @entity915 @entity19 elicits a strong angiogenesis-an effect not affected by @entity1311 . Although prolonged chemotherapy with @entity1311 at higher doses is associated with pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic changes, the findings described here indicate that low-dose @entity1311 may have therapeutic benefits for @entity785 via modulating @entity641 signaling.

title: @entity1311 modulates @entity641 signaling in scleroderma skin grafts in @entity465 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['obliterative vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate genetic and audiometric findings with a detailed radiologic analysis of the temporal bone in @entity1 with @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ) to ascertain the contribution of @entity6361 gene mutations to this phenotype. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity15902 identified in a database of pediatric @entity393 @entity1 . SETTING: A tertiary care pediatric referral center. @entity1 : Seventy-one @entity1 with @entity15902 and screening results for @entity6361 mutations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genetic screening results, audiometric thresholds, and radiographic temporal bone measurements. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 with @entity15902 were screened for @entity6361 mutations. Mutations were found in 27% of @entity1 overall, while only 8% had biallelic mutations. The mean initial pure-tone average (PTA) was 59 dB; the mean final PTA was 67 dB. A bilateral @entity15902 was found in 48 (67%) of the @entity1 ; a unilateral @entity15902 was found in 23 (33%). Progressive @entity393 (in at least 1 ear) was seen in 29 (41%) of the @entity1 . The strongest genotype-phenotype interaction was seen in @entity1 with a bilateral @entity15902 . Among @entity1 with @entity6361 mutations, there was a significantly @entity8468 at the midpoint and a wider vestibule width (P < .05) than in @entity1 without the mutation. Among @entity1 with a bilateral @entity15902 , @entity1 with any @entity6361 mutation were more likely to have a more severe final PTA (64 dB vs 32 dB), larger midpoint measurement (2.1 vs 1.1 mm), and larger operculum measurement (3.0 vs 2.0 mm) than those without the mutation in their better-hearing ear (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In a population of pediatric @entity1 with an @entity15902 and @entity393 , @entity6361 mutations are a contributor to the phenotype. Our data suggest that other genetic factors also have important contributions to this phenotype. The presence of an abnormal @entity6361 allele, even in the heterozygous state, was associated with greater enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, abnormal development of the vestibule, and possibly a stable hearing outcome.

title: The influence of mutations in the XXXX gene on the temporal bone in a population with @entity15902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['wider vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['EVA', 'enlarged vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing-impaired']

answer: @entity6361 :: (5172,Gene) :: ['SLC26A4']


abstract: To determine if @entity842 (NO) is produced by chronically infected @entity1 polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in vivo, inflamed exudates (periapical exudates: PE) collected from periapical @entity2521 @entity1 were examined. Cell-free supernatants and cells were separated by centrifugation. Significant levels of @entity3542 concentrations were observed in the supernatants. The production of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) in highly purified PMNs derived from PEs was then immunocytochemically determined using rabbit anti-human @entity3623 antiserum. In vitro, @entity1 peripheral blood PMNs (PB-PMNs) isolated from @entity1 were cultured with a combination of Esherichia @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), recombinant @entity1 @entity379 (rhIFN-gamma) and/or @entity1356 (rhIL-1 beta). The stimulated PB-PMNs showed steady-state levels of @entity3542 . The stimulation of @entity1412 , rhIFN-gamma and rhIL-1 beta showed more NO induction than that of @entity1412 with either @entity379 or @entity1356 , suggesting the synergistic effects of cytokines. Cryostat sections of surgically removed periapical tissues were also immunohistochemically examined for @entity3623 , @entity379 and @entity1356 . Two-colour immunohistochemistry revealed the interaction of @entity3623 -producing PMNs and @entity379 - or @entity1356 -producing mononuclear cells. On the basis of these data, we concluded that with the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines derived from mononuclear cells, PMNs can spontaneously produce NO at the site of @entity281 . The present studies are consistent with a hypothesis suggesting that PMNs could be regulated and delicately balanced to produce NO by mononuclear cell-derived cytokines in vivo. NO-producing cells may play a pivotal role in chronic @entity32 .

title: Cytokine regulation on the synthesis of XXXX in vivo by chronically infected @entity1 polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'coli-lipopolysaccharide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity186 (+/-) @entity19 overexpressing Tgfalpha in a pancreas-specific manner represent a well-established animal model for @entity788 . In this study we analyzed 38 pancreatic @entity420 of these @entity19 for secondary genomic changes by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, real-time PCR, and methylation-specific analysis. CGH screening of the @entity5 revealed a recurrent pattern of genomic changes. In more than 50% of the @entity5 , chromosome 11 was affected. The gain of the proximal part spans about 16 cM, including the genes for @entity12841 , @entity16181 , and @entity62439 . The distal part of chromosome 11, which contains the @entity186 locus, was deleted. LOH analysis proved that almost all @entity5 segregate the wild-type @entity186 allele. The @entity3842 locus on chromosome 4 was inactivated by hypermethylation in 55% of all @entity5 . In addition, two other changes were detected in a mutually exclusive manner: overrepresentation of part of chromosome 15, or more rarely, loss of the distal part of chromosome 14. Together these data suggest the induction of a uniform pattern of secondary genomic changes in this transgenic @entity5 model for @entity788 .

title: Pattern of secondary genomic changes in XXXX of Tgf alpha/ @entity186 +/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent ST segment elevation in @entity583 was classically attributed to @entity439 . This association is now considered controversial. To contribute to the elucidation of the problem, the association of this electrocardiographical finding with @entity1002 and function was assessed. METHODS: In the catheterization studies of 85 @entity1 with chronic anterior wall @entity583 the left ventricular function (ejection fraction) and the possible presence of @entity439 were investigated. These findings were correlated with the persistence of ST segment elevation. RESULTS: 56 of the 85 @entity1 (66%) had persistent ST segment elevation, and 29 (34%) had isoelectric ST segment. 32 cases of @entity1002 were detected in the group with elevated ST segment (57%) and none in the group with isoelectric ST segment. The ejection fraction was markedly depressed in the group with elevated ST segment (0.34 +/- 0.13) in contrast with the group with isoelectric ST segment (0.52 +/- 0.11) (p less than 0.001). This abnormality in ventricular function was independent from the presence or absence of @entity439 (ejection fraction 0.34 +/- 0.12 vs 0.35 +/- 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: The persistent ST segment elevation is associated with a greater left ventricular function @entity308 , independently from the presence of @entity439 , which is a common finding and exclusive of the group with persistently elevated ST segment.

title: [Persistent ST segment elevation in anterior wall XXXX : a sign of ventricular dysfunction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Refractory @entity4923 ( @entity4923 ) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) offers effective permanent treatment. Both open and laparoscopic approaches have been used, but longterm comparisons are few. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed 40 consecutive BA for refractory @entity4923 from 1995 through 2007. Surgical results were evaluated. A Short Form-36 Quality-of-Life (QOL) survey was performed. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent (34 of 40) of @entity1 were @entity1 , and median age was 41.9 years (range, 22.2 to 78.3 years). All had persistent @entity4923 after transsphenoidal operation (mean, 1.7; range, 1 to 3). Median followup was 5.0 years. Thirty-eight percent (15 of 40) of procedures were performed laparoscopically; 1 was converted to open. There were no operative or 30-day mortalities, and there was 1 90-day mortality. Morbidities occurred in 7 of 40 (18%) @entity1 . Median length of stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (4 versus 6 days; p < 0.001). All @entity1 achieved clinical reversal of @entity699 , including the 5 (13%) with ectopic adrenal tissue. Elevated serum @entity4545 (> 200 ng/mL) was present during followup in 33% (13 of 40). A QOL survey demonstrated 86% of @entity1 felt good to excellent compared with 1 year pre-BA. Chronic fatigue was present most or all of the time in 46%, and @entity1 were below population norms on 7 of 8 Short Form-36 scales. No difference was evident in QOL between laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates excellent survival and clinical results, despite the inherent risk in @entity1 with @entity4923 . There are persistent @entity51 that are not ameliorated by laparoscopic compared with open resection.

title: Bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory XXXX : a safe and definitive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and QOL deficits']

answer: @entity4923 :: (MESH:D047748,Disease) :: ['Cushing disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5477 is known to adversely affect all aspects of quality of life. However, although acne is thought to occur in the majority of adolescents, there are few data currently available on the impact of acne in this age group. OBJECTIVES: Measurement of the impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in teenage Scottish schoolchildren in a comparative study using two HRQoL questionnaires. A secondary objective was to collect data on the use and perceived efficacy of medical and over-the-counter (OTC) preparations. STUDY DESIGN: An anonymous cross-sectional survey of 200 adolescent (15-18 years) Dundee schoolchildren was conducted by means of two self-reported questionnaires: the @entity1 's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the Cardiff @entity717 Index (CADI). Data on demographics and therapeutic modalities and their perceived efficacy were also collected. ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed using the package Stata 7.0. RESULTS: Self-reported acne was present in 83% of teenagers (147/178), with similar sex distribution (54% male, 46% female). The overall mean CDLQI score (max. 30) was low 1.7 {6% impairment} (CI -1 to 0), range 0-19. Nine pupils scored between 5 and 9 {17-30% impairment} suggesting moderate @entity73 and three scored > 10 {> 33% impairment} indicating @entity73 . The overall mean CADI score (max. 15) of 1.9 {13% impairment}, CI 0 to 1 (range 0-15) was also low, but 12 pupils scored between 5 and 9 {33-60% impairment}, one scoring 10 + {> 67% impairment} and one scoring the maximum, 15 {100% impairment}. There was no significant difference in mean scores between the sexes in either questionnaire (P = 0.5). There was good correlation between the results from the two questionnaires (Spearman's rho = 0.62). Three-quarters (75%) had used OTC products, of which only a third (33%) felt they helped 'a lot'. Fifteen per cent were receiving prescribed treatment from their doctors of which 66% found it helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported acne occurred in 83% (147/178) of the Scottish teenagers involved in this study, which confirms previous reports of a high prevalence of acne in teenagers. Cross-validation of the CLDQI and CADI demonstrated good correlation and both scales were easy to administer and identified 11% (16/147) of teenagers who perceive their lives to be significantly affected by their acne (8% moderately to severely, 3% severely). It is important to identify and treat such teenagers early to reduce the future socio-economic burden of their acne.

title: Quality of life and acne in Scottish adolescent schoolchildren: use of the @entity1 's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the Cardiff XXXX Index (CADI).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['Acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Acne Disability']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['severe impairment', 'HRQoL impairment']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Acne Disability']


abstract: @entity12325 (P450) and @entity1785 -containing monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes are major catalysts involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The sulfoxidation of the @entity15410 pesticides, @entity36474 , @entity62489 , @entity62490 , and methiocarb, was investigated. Using pooled @entity1 liver microsomes (HLMs), @entity15410 compounds displayed similar affinities; however, phorate and disulfoton displayed higher intrinsic clearance rates than either @entity62490 or @entity62491 . The sulfoxidation of @entity27536 by HLMs was found to be predominantly P450-driven (85-90%) compared with FMO (10-15%). Among 16 cDNA-expressed @entity1 P450 isoforms and 3 @entity1 FMO isoforms examined, the following isoforms and their polymorphisms had the highest rates for sulfoxidation, as follows: phorate, @entity4914 , 3A4, 2B6, 2C9*1, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6*1, and @entity51306 ; disulfoton, @entity4914 , 3A4, 2B6, 2C9*1, 2C9*2, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6*1, and @entity51306 ; @entity62490 , @entity4187 , 1A2, 3A4, 2C9*1, 2C9*2, 2C9*3, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6*1, and @entity51306 ; methiocarb, @entity4187 , 1A2, 3A4, 2B6, 2C9*1, 2C19, 2D6*1, and @entity51306 . Among these isoforms, members of the CYP2C subfamily often had the highest affinities and clearance rates. Moreover, @entity41779 , a @entity5060 competitive inhibitor, inhibited disulfoton sulfoxidation by @entity5060 (IC50 0.84 microM) as well as in HLMs. @entity1396 , a @entity4433 mechanism-based inhibitor, inhibited disulfoton sulfoxidation by @entity4433 (IC50 after coincubation, 43.5 microM; IC50 after preincubation, 4.3 microM) and also in HLMs. Our results indicate that current models of the substrate binding site of the CYP2C subfamily would not effectively predict @entity15410 pesticide metabolism. Thus, the substrate specificity of CYP2Cs is more extensive than is currently believed, and some reevaluation of structure-activity relationships may be required.

title: In vitro sulfoxidation of XXXX compounds by @entity1 @entity12325 and @entity1785 -containing monooxygenase isoforms with particular reference to the CYP2C subfamily.

entities_list: @entity62490 :: ('MESH:C011606', 'Chemical') :: ['sulprofos']

entities_list: @entity15410 :: ('CHEBI:16385', 'Chemical') :: ['thioether']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity62489 :: ('MESH:D004222', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfoton']

entities_list: @entity41779 :: ('MESH:D013426', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfaphenazole']

entities_list: @entity27536 :: ('MESH:D013440', 'Chemical') :: ['thioethers']

entities_list: @entity62491 :: ('MESH:D008714', 'Chemical') :: ['methiocarb']

answer: @entity15410 :: (CHEBI:16385,Chemical) :: ['thioether']


abstract: Rapid hemodialysis (Qb 400 to 500 ml/min) places considerable demands on hemodialysis vascular access. This six-month prospective study enrolled 52 @entity1 and evaluated @entity1133 recirculation as a means of detecting @entity409 . It evaluated the effects of @entity292 location and dialysis blood flow on @entity1133 recirculation during rapid hemodialysis and assessed the effect of rapid dialysis on @entity292 @entity715 . @entity1133 recirculation increased as Qb increased from 300 to 400 ml/min (8 +/- 3% to 16 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05). The extent of @entity1133 recirculation was also @entity292 site dependent (radial fistulas 18 +/- 4%, upper arm fistulas 11 +/- 3%, Qb 400 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Site and blood flow dependent @entity1133 recirculations were an indicator of venous stenoses. When venous stenoses were corrected, @entity1133 recirculation rates improved (36 +/- 3% to 21 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05). There were no differences between methods of determining @entity1133 recirculation early in dialysis (contralateral arm venepuncture vs. stop flow technique; 30 to 60 min). However, at 120 minutes @entity1133 recirculation was significantly greater with the contralateral arm venepuncture technique. Venous dialysis pressure at Qb 400 ml/min had limited use as a predictor of venous stenoses unlike its value at lower Qb. Fistula @entity715 (0.26/ @entity1 year of dialysis) and @entity292 replacement (0.09/ @entity1 year of dialysis) were similar to our observations in a conventional hemodialysis facility where prospective correction of @entity409 was also used.

title: XXXX : effect on rapid hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fistula dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Fistula dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 lacking functional neurokinin-1 receptors ( @entity13306 -/-) display @entity854 resembling @entity71 ( @entity71 ): @entity2915 , @entity23 and inattentiveness. The preferred ligand for @entity13306 , @entity10501 , is metabolised by @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ), which forms part of the brain renin angiotensin system (BRAS). In view of evidence that the BRAS modulates locomotor activity and cognitive performance, we tested the effects of drugs that target the BRAS on these behaviours in @entity13306 -/- and wildtype @entity19 . We first tested the effects of the @entity14206 inhibitor, @entity3371 , on locomotor activity. Because there are well-established sex differences in both @entity71 and @entity14206 activity, we compared the effects of @entity3371 in both male and female @entity19 . Locomotor @entity2915 was evident in male @entity13306 -/- @entity19 , only, and this was abolished by treatment with @entity3371 . By contrast, male wildtypes and females of both genotypes were unaffected by @entity14206 inhibition. We then investigated the effects of angiotensin @entity19729 ( @entity9886 ) and @entity19730 ( @entity11083 ) receptor antagonists on the locomotor activity of male @entity13306 -/- and wildtype @entity19 . Both antagonists increased the locomotor activity of @entity13306 -/- @entity19 , but neither affected the wildtypes. Finally, we tested the effects of @entity3371 on the performance of male @entity13306 -/- and wildtype @entity19 in the 5-choice serial reaction-time task (5-CSRTT) and found that @entity14206 inhibition prevented the @entity23 of @entity13306 -/- @entity19 . These results indicate that certain behaviours, disrupted in @entity71 , are influenced by an interaction between the BRAS and @entity13306 , and suggest that @entity14206 inhibitors could provide a novel treatment for this disorder.

title: The @entity14206 inhibitor, @entity3371 , prevents the @entity2915 and XXXX of neurokinin-1 receptor gene 'knockout' @entity19 : Sex differences and implications for the treatment of @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulsivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether psychological factors are associated with heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ), and baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) among healthy middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A population-based sample of 71 @entity1 and 79 @entity1 (35-64 years of age) was studied. Five-minute supine recordings of ECG and beat-to-beat photoplethysmographic finger systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure were obtained during paced @entity1353 . Power spectra were computed using a fast Fourier transform for low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) powers. @entity4375 was calculated by cross-spectral analysis of R-R interval and systolic arterial pressure variabilities. Psychological factors were evaluated by three self-report questionnaires: the Brief Symptom Inventory, the shortened version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. RESULTS: Psychological factors were not related to HRV. @entity148 was associated with decreased @entity4375 (p = 0.001) and higher low-frequency (p = 0.002) power of systolic arterial pressure variability. These associations were independent of age, gender, other @entity551 . Hostility was an independent correlate of increased low-frequency power of diastolic arterial pressure (p = 0.001) and increased high-frequency power of systolic arterial pressure (p = 0.033) variability. CONCLUSIONS: @entity148 and hostility are related to reduced @entity4375 and increased low-frequency power of @entity15882 . Reduced @entity4375 reflects decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart and may increase @entity15882 through an increased sympathetic predominance.

title: XXXX and hostility are associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity and increased beat-to-beat blood pressure variability.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['psychological factors, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity21065 has been reported to be implicated into tumorigenesis and tumor progression in @entity1 gliomas. However, there were controversial study results in relation to its expression pattern as well as functions in this disease. The aim of the current study was to determine the clinical significance of @entity21065 expression in @entity1 with gliomas and its effect in tumor cell malignant phenotypes. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of @entity21065 in 116 glioma and 15 non-neoplastic brain tissues. Then, the correlations of @entity21065 expression with selected clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome of glioma @entity1 were statistically evaluated. Moreover, CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to investigate the functions of @entity21065 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to non-neoplastic brain tissues, the expression levels of @entity21065 were significantly downregulated in glioma tissues (p < 0.001). In addition, @entity21065 downregulation was significantly associated with WHO grade (p < 0.001) and Karnofsky performance status score (p = 0.02). Moreover, glioma @entity1 with low @entity21065 expression exhibited markedly shorter overall survival than those with high expression (p < 0.001). Furthermore, functional assays in vitro system demonstrated that enforced expression of @entity21065 could notably attenuate cell proliferation, invasion and migration of two glioma cell lines, including U251 and U87. CONCLUSIONS: Our data offer the convincing evidence that loss of @entity21065 expression may stimulate advanced tumor progression and adverse outcome via promoting cellular proliferation and invasion. We propose a tumor suppressive role of @entity21065 and its potential therapeutic value in @entity1 glioma.

title: microRNA-328 is a favorable prognostic marker in XXXX glioma via suppressing invasive and proliferative phenotypes of malignant cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With improving technologies and an increasingly elderly populations, there have been an increasing number of therapeutic options available for @entity1 requiring aortic valve replacement. Recent evidence suggests that transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) is one suitable option for high risk inoperable @entity1 , as well as high risk operable @entity1 . Sutureless valve technology has also been developed concurrently, with facilitates surgical aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) by allow resection and replacement of the native aortic valve with minimal sutures and prosthesis anchoring required. For @entity1 amenable for both TAVI and SUAVR, the evidence is unclear with regards to the benefits and risks of either approach. The objectives are to compare the perioperative outcomes and intermediate-term survival rates of TAVI and SUAVR in matched or propensity score matched studies. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed to include all matched or propensity score matched studies comparing SUAVR versus TAVI for severe @entity472 . A meta-analysis with odds ratios (OR) and mean differences were performed to compare key outcomes including @entity338 and short and intermediate term mortality. RESULTS: Six studies met our inclusion criteria giving a total of 741 @entity1 in both the SUAVR and TAVI arm of the study. Compared to TAVI, SUAVR had a lower incidence of @entity2478 (OR =0.06; 95% CI: 0.03-0.12, P<0.01). There was no difference in perioperative mortality, however SUAVR @entity1 had significantly better survival rates at 1 (OR =2.40; 95% CI: 1.40-4.11, P<0.01) and 2 years (OR =4.62; 95% CI: 2.62-8.12, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the use of minimally invasive SUAVR as an alternative to TAVI in high risk @entity1 requiring aortic replacement. The presented results require further validation in prospective, randomized controlled studies.

title: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) versus sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the depth of myometrial invasion in the preoperative assessment of @entity1 with @entity1204 and to quantify the impact of MRI as an adjunct to predicting @entity1 requiring full surgical staging. METHODS: This was a diagnostic accuracy study of prospective cases in conjunction with STARD guidelines using collected data from a @entity5 board within a @entity5 network. Consecutive series of all @entity1204 in Northern Ireland over a 21-month period was discussed at the Gynaecological Oncology Multidisciplinary Team/ @entity5 board meeting. This study concerns 183 @entity1 who met all the inclusion criteria. Main outcome measure was the correlation between the depth of myometrial invasion suggested by preoperative MRI study and the subsequent histopathological findings following examination of the hysterectomy specimen. Secondary end point was how MRI changed management of @entity1 who required surgery to be performed at a central @entity5 center. RESULTS: For the detection of outer-half myometrial invasion, overall sensitivity of MRI was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.83), and specificity was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.89). The positive predictive value was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.50-0.74), and negative predictive value was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.93). Positive likelihood ratio was 4.35 (95% CI, 2.87-6.61), and negative likelihood ratio was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21-0.52). Magnetic resonance imaging improved the sensitivity and negative predictive value of endometrial biopsy alone in predicting @entity1 with @entity1204 who require full surgical staging (0.73 vs 0.65 and 0.80 vs 0.78, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative pelvic MRI is a moderately sensitive and specific method of identifying invasion to the outer half of myometrium in @entity1204 . Addition of MRI to preoperative assessment leads to improved preoperative assessment, triage, and treatment.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity5721 has been suggested to cause delayed graft function in renal transplantation. Methods to reduce @entity5721 could lead to improved clinical renal transplantation. @entity8959 has been shown to suppress @entity5721 in @entity95 renal tubules and @entity35 hepatocytes. In this study we have determined the effects of @entity8959 on viability of isolated @entity235 renal tubules. Renal tubules were cold stored at 4 degrees C under @entity519 conditions for up to 96 h in the UW solution and rewarmed to 37 degrees C for up to 2 h under oxygenated conditions to simulate reperfusion of an organ after cold static storage. Short-term storage (24 to 48 h) did not cause @entity130 (leakage of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH)) on rewarming. However, after 72 and 96 h cold storage @entity5721 was evident and LDH leakage increased from about 25% to 59 +/- 3% and 71 +/- 2% at 72 and 96 h cold storage, respectively. The presence of 3 mM @entity8959 in the reperfusion medium suppressed injury to cold-stored renal tubules. After cold storage for 72 and 96 h LDH leakage was reduced to control concentrations (31 +/- 3% and 29 +/- 1%, respectively). After cold storage for 72 h there was a reduction in @entity855 concentration in rewarmed renal tubules (3 nmol/mg protein at 48 h to 1.25 nmol/mg protein at 72 h). Also, there was a loss of mitochondrial functions including decreased stimulation of @entity26 consumption by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Although @entity8959 suppressed LDH leakage in renal tubules cold stored for 72 h it had no effect on the regeneration of @entity855 or mitochondrial functions, which remained @entity308 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cytoprotective effect of XXXX in cold stored @entity235 renal tubules.

entities_list: @entity8959 :: ('D005998', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine', 'glycine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Reperfusion injury', 'reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['membrane injury']

answer: @entity8959 :: (D005998,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: The clinical outcome and long-term follow-up of 130 consecutive @entity1 (141 episodes) with active @entity884 who were treated between 1966 and 1991 were analyzed. There was a shift toward a higher proportion of referred @entity1 (39 to 78%), @entity1 aged > 60 years (11 to 41%) and urgent surgical treatment (11 to 44%). Medical treatment was administered in 98 @entity1 (70%); 30-day mortality was 27%. Surgery was performed in 43 @entity1 (30%), with an operative mortality of 26%; 9 of 14 @entity1 (64%) who underwent operation within the first week of admission died. @entity1 with severe @entity712 are at the highest risk for early mortality (relative risk = 21.1; 95% confidence interval 7.4-60.3). Referred @entity1 were much more often treated surgically than were nonreferred @entity1 (48 versus 14%) and had a lower operative mortality (24 vs 30%). Nonreferred @entity1 were more often treated medically (86 vs 52%) and with lower mortality (19 vs 39%). The total follow-up time was 730 @entity1 -years; only 1 @entity1 was considered lost to follow-up. The overall cumulative 5-year and 10-year survival after hospital discharge for @entity1 after urgent surgery were 84 +/- 7% and 53 +/- 7%, respectively, and for those after medical treatment 84 +/- 5% and 77 +/- 6%, respectively. The probability of remaining free of late events (recurrent @entity884 , late valve replacement or @entity204 ) during 5 and 10 years for @entity1 after urgent surgery was 84 +/- 7% and 53 +/- 15%, respectively, and for those after medical treatment 59 +/- 6% and 40 +/- 7%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of changes in management of active XXXX on outcome in a 25-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: The effect of oral @entity2779 on prevention of pacing-induced @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was studied in 11 @entity1 . All @entity1 experienced documented sustained @entity1165 refractory to 4.1 +/- 2 antiarrhythmic agents per @entity1 including @entity2643 in 8. Programmed electrical stimulation was performed before and 48-72 hours after oral @entity2779 (900 mg/day) 2-3 hours after the last dose. Two @entity1 developed spontaneous incessant @entity1165 before the scheduled date of the study on @entity2779 , and were classified as aggravation. @entity2779 prevented pacing-induced @entity1165 in 2 @entity1 (successful results). In 3 additional @entity1 the results were partial, as non-sustained @entity1165 was induced on @entity2779 whereas sustained @entity1165 could be provoked during the control study. In the remaining 4 @entity1 , oral @entity2779 failed to prevent pacing-induced @entity1165 . @entity591 cycle length increased in 3 (C = 284 +/- 129 P = 450 +/- 202 ms) and was shorter in 1 aggravation. The 5 @entity1 with successful or partial results (45.4 p. cent), underwent long-term therapy with a mean follow up of 5.6 +/- 4 months. Recurrence of @entity1165 occurred in 2. The remaining 3 are well controlled. This study demonstrates that @entity2779 is able to prevent pacing-induced @entity1165 in a limited number of @entity1 . Stimulation techniques are useful in order to detect @entity1 with potential pro-arrhythmic effect.

title: [Treatment of recurrent XXXX using oral @entity2779 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of repeated thermal therapy for improving the symptoms of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) has been recently demonstrated. Usually, thermal therapy requires an infrared dry sauna. However, it is difficult for small clinics to acquire such an expensive and extensive system. The present study assessed the efficacy of its substitution with hot water bottles. Moreover, there are no prior studies demonstrating the efficacy of thermal therapy in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: Plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels were evaluated in 98 hemodialysis @entity1 in a clinic. Nine @entity1 whose @entity3876 levels were >500  pg/mL agreed to be enrolled in the study and received thermal therapy using hot water bottles. RESULTS: Plasma @entity3876 levels, a potential marker for @entity712 , tended to decrease (891      448 to 680      339  pg/mL), but the difference was not significant (P  =  0.0845). The oral temperature changed from 36.44      0.45  C to 37.04      0.48  C (+0.597  C, P  <  0.0001). No side effects were experienced during the therapy. Moreover, most @entity1 had an improvement in their symptoms and the ability to perform activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: Thermal therapy using hot water bottles is very safe and tends to reduce plasma @entity3876 levels in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Effect of thermal therapy using hot water bottles on XXXX in chronic hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['brain natriuretic Peptide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with @entity619 0.7 mg sustained-release intravitreal implant (Ozurdex(  ); Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) in noninfectious @entity23351 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 with noninfectious @entity1596 treated with sustained-release @entity619 0.7 mg intravitreal implant was performed. Complete ophthalmic examination including signs of inflammatory activity, visual acuity, fundus photography, @entity941 angiography, optical coherence tomography, and tolerability of the implant were assessed. RESULTS: Six eyes of 4 consecutive @entity1 treated with a total of 8 @entity619 0.7 mg sustained-release intravitreal implants for posterior noninfectious @entity1596 were included. Two @entity1 presented with unilateral idiopathic @entity23351 ; 2 @entity1 had bilateral @entity23351 , one secondary to @entity370 and the other to @entity7375 . All eyes showed clinical and angiographic evidence of decreased @entity32 following implant placement. Mean follow-up time post-injection was 5.25 months. Four eyes received 1 and 2 eyes received 2 Ozurdex implants during the follow-up period. The duration of effect of the implant was 3 to 4 months. No serious ocular or systemic adverse events were noted during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with noninfectious @entity23351 , sustained-release @entity619 0.7 mg intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment option for @entity32 .

title: Treatment of noninfectious XXXX with @entity619 intravitreal implant.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['controlling intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity23351 :: (MESH:D015866,Disease) :: ['posterior uveitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity3478 are relatively rare types of @entity5 . Their relative frequency is not yet well established and still there is more information needed regarding the evolution and prognosis of those @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: We analyzed several factors (site of lesion, @entity5 stage, @entity5 volume, disease related complications, therapy related complications) that influenced the evolution of @entity3478 in a lot of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity421 or Ewing sarcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on hospital-based registry from the Emergency Hospital for @entity1 "Louis Turcanu" Timisoara. @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity421 and @entity2828 , hospitalised in our clinic during a period of 10 years (1996-2006) were included. Records were analyzed for @entity1 demographics, site of lesion, treatment and outcomes. The study group was composed of 36 @entity1 with @entity3478 , with ages betwen 3-23 years, who came from Timis and several counties around it. RESULTS: We found @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) in 52.94% of cases and @entity421 ( @entity421 ) in 47.06% of cases analyzed. We found diseases in advanced stages in 33.3% of cases in stage III and in 27.7% in stage IV. Tumoral volume had more than 200 cm3 in 53.3% of @entity421 @entity1 and in 21% of cases of @entity2828 . Treatment was accomplished according to the European protocols, COSS 96 in 66.6% of @entity421 cases, EWING 99 in 73.6% of @entity2828 cases. @entity66 were found in 26.6% of @entity421 cases and in 51% of @entity2828 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this study, the @entity1 survival rate at 5 years after diagnosis was lower than in other studies. A possible explaination for such a high rate of mortality could be the delayed diagnosis and the advanced stage of the @entity5 , especially for @entity2828 where only 16.66% of the @entity1 were stage I or II. For the short time survival it was found a corelation with the period of time between the simptoms appearance and the moment of diagnosis, @entity5 stage, @entity3 and severity of the complications.

title: Retrospective study on XXXX and ewing sarcoma - our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing Sarcoma', 'ES', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease related complications']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short-term surgical outcome of hepatobiliary resections for @entity201 in the last 5 years. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Hepatobiliary resection for @entity201 remains a technically demanding procedure, calling for a high level of expertise in biliary and hepatic surgery, and is still associated with significant morbidity or mortality. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2004, we surgically treated 102 consecutive @entity1 with @entity201 with a management strategy consisting of preoperative biliary drainage, portal vein embolization (for right-sided and extended left-sided resections), and major hepatobiliary resection. The data on all of the @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively to identify the factors that might significantly affect the postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: There were no cases of in-hospital mortality or postoperative @entity1578 . Major complications were encountered in 7 @entity1 (6.9%), and the overall morbidity rate was 50%. Reoperation was required in 2 @entity1 (2%). The overall median length of postoperative hospital stay was 26 days (range, 13-119 days). Univariate analysis in relation to the postoperative morbidity showed significant differences in the preoperative occurrence of segmental @entity255 or @entity2679 (P = 0.015), the severity of postoperative @entity3638 (P < 0.001), and the total amount of fresh frozen plasma administered (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed a single independent significant predictive factor for postoperative morbidity, namely, preoperative @entity255 or @entity2679 (odds ratio, 9.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-78.56, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicates that hepatobiliary resections for @entity201 can be conducted safely, without a single case of postoperative @entity1578 or mortality. Occurrence of preoperative @entity255 or @entity2679 is a significant indicator for morbidity of major hepatobiliary resection.

title: One hundred two consecutive hepatobiliary resections for XXXX with zero mortality.

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity101 is a growing global health problem, and is predicted to affect 1.56 billion @entity1 by 2025. Treatment remains suboptimal, with control of blood pressure achieved in only 20%-35% of @entity1 , and the majority requiring two or more antihypertensive drugs to achieve recommended blood pressure goals. To improve blood pressure control, the European @entity101 guidelines recommend that angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are combined with @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs) and/or @entity2740 diuretics. The rationale for this strategy is based, in part, on their different effects on the renin-angiotensin system, which improves antihypertensive efficacy. Data from a large number of trials support the efficacy of ACEIs or ARBs in combination with CCBs and/or @entity918 ( @entity918 ). Combining two different classes of antihypertensive drugs has an additive effect on lowering of blood pressure, and does not increase adverse events, with the ARBs showing a tolerability advantage over the ACEIs. Among the different ARBs, @entity15632 is available as a dual fixed-dose combination with either @entity3591 or @entity918 , and the increased blood pressure-lowering efficacy of these two combinations is proven. Triple therapy is required in 15%-20% of treated uncontrolled @entity101 @entity1 , with a renin-angiotensin system blocker, CCB, and @entity2740 diuretic considered to be a rational combination according to the European guidelines. @entity9885 , @entity3591 , and @entity918 are available as a triple fixed-dose combination, and significant blood pressure reductions have been observed with this regimen compared with the possible dual combinations. The availability of these fixed-dose combinations should lead to improvement in blood pressure control and aid compliance with long-term therapy, optimizing the management of this chronic condition.

title: Rationale for triple fixed-dose combination therapy with an angiotensin II receptor blocker, a @entity460 channel blocker, and a XXXX diuretic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['HCTZ', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity15632 :: ('MESH:C097933', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan medoxomil']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['Olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

answer: @entity2740 :: (CHEBI:50264,Chemical) :: ['thiazide']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A comparative evaluation of outcome instruments and global assessment was performed. OBJECTIVE: To test @entity1 global assessment as a substitute for the use of more comprehensive outcome instruments in treatment trials of @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Treatment outcome can be measured with @entity158 scales and functional instruments. In the absence of a gold standard, the @entity1 him- or herself is the basic reference for outcome, for which the instruments give a more or less exact measurement. Global assessment, which is a retrospective recording, may overestimate improvement as a result of recall or motivational bias. METHODS: In this study, 294 @entity1 treated for @entity1643 were evaluated with a visual analog scale for back @entity158 , the @entity717 Index, the Million Score and general function score for disease-specific disability, and the Zung Depression Scale for @entity308 . The correlation between the pretreatment and posttreatment scores for the outcome instruments (Delta scores) and the global assessment scores was calculated; effect sizes were compared; sensitivity and specificity with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were estimated; and associations of global assessment with pretreatment and posttreatment scores were determined. RESULTS: All the Delta scores showed significant correlations with @entity1 global assessment and with each other. The effect size of global assessment tended to be greater than that of the outcome instruments. The specificity and sensitivity of the disability instruments and @entity158 scale were approximately 75%, whereas they were lower for @entity308 . The associations between global assessment and outcome instrument scores did not produce evidence that global assessment was biased. CONCLUSION: @entity1 global assessment is a valid and responsive descriptor of overall effect in randomized controlled trials of treatment for @entity1643 .

title: Simplifying outcome measurement: evaluation of instruments for measuring outcome after fusion surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) is a rare disease that promotes @entity358 . We aim to describe features and clinical course of @entity3008 @entity1 from Brazil. METHODS: We described the clinical and functional features, performance in six minute walk test (6MWT), management details, survival and clinical course of 84 @entity3008 @entity1 followed in a Brazilian reference centre. RESULTS: All subjects were @entity1 , the average age at onset of symptoms was 38 years, and the average at diagnosis was 42 years. The major symptoms during the course of the disease were dyspnoea and pneumothorax. The @entity1 experienced impaired quality of life, with worse scores in the physical and emotional domains. The most common abnormalities in pulmonary function tests were an obstructive pattern and reduced diffusion capacity, whereas a quarter of the @entity1 had normal spirometric results. In the 6MWT, although @entity1 had preserved exercise capacity, more than half of the @entity1 had significant desaturation. Hormonal blockage and @entity3403 were the most common treatment modalities employed in our @entity1 . The survival probability from diagnosis was 90% at 5 years, whereas the mean annual rate of decline in FEV1 was 60    78 mL. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and functional features of the @entity3008 @entity1 from our centre are similar to those from other countries. Our sample showed preserved exercise capacity, with desaturation in the 6MWT, and impaired quality of life. Survival was similar, whereas the annual rate of decline of FEV1 was slightly lower than in recent studies.

title: Clinical course and characterisation of XXXX in a Brazilian reference centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cystic destruction and impairs pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'LAM']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of @entity19220 and rehabilitation contexts for recovery. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Standardized measures were used to emphasize the functional impact of deficits over the first year post-injury in three @entity1 <2 years. Multimodal contexts for meaningful interplay were early adapted to the three cases. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The clinical pathways of recovery are identified. Initially all three cases manifested a generalized @entity3519 . Case 1 exhibited a good outcome with transient @entity3520 ; subsequently B  lint's syndrome emerged. In this case, the rehabilitation approach was organized on the pickup of direct perception of task-specific affordances. Cases 2 and 3 had poor outcomes presenting the @entity24987 ( @entity159 ) that hindered rehabilitation intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic reaggregation of spatial organization through meaningful interaction in specific ecological contexts is the principal goal of rehabilitation intervention. Status dystonicus represents the worst feature for recovery.

title: Anoxic brain injury following @entity19220 in XXXX . Rehabilitation outcome: three case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity24987 :: ('MESH:D004422', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of torsion dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic-dystonic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity19220 :: ('MESH:D015701', 'Disease') :: ['near-drowning']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status dystonicus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Background. FNAC is a useful method for evaluating suspicious @entity3359 due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and sensitivity. Aim. To know the frequency of the @entity3359 and cytohistological correlation in the Jhansi region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and Methods. In present study 124 cases were included and cytohistological correlation was made in 86 cases only. FNA was performed by using a 23/24-gauge needle without local anaesthesia. Air dried and 95% @entity1068 fixed wet smears were stained with Giemsa stain and Papanicolaou stain, respectively. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 . Results. Parotid gland was the most commonly involved salivary gland. The commonest age group was 20 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, and 60 to 69 years for @entity75 , @entity5 , and @entity5 , respectively. The overall male to female ratio was 1.17   :   1. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 100%, 93.3%, and 88.2% for @entity75 , @entity5 , and @entity5 , respectively. Conclusion. The high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FNAC confirm that preoperative cytology is a useful, quick, reliable diagnostic technique for rapid diagnosis and suitable for developing countries.

title: Cytohistopathological study of XXXX in bundelkhand region, uttar pradesh, India.

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary glands lesions', 'salivary gland lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nonneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity3359 :: (MESH:D012466,Disease) :: ['salivary gland lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate tissue biopsy is necessary for the appropriate diagnosis and risk stratification of pediatric @entity521 ( @entity521 ). We compared the quality and adequacy of biopsy tissue and complication rates in @entity1 with @entity521 who underwent open (OBX) and image-guided needle biopsy (NBX) at our center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 diagnosed with stage III and IV @entity521 from September 2001 to August 2004. The 24 @entity1 were divided into two groups: those in whom the diagnosis was initiated using NBX, and those diagnosed using OBX. In addition to demographic data, we collected data pertaining to sufficiency of biopsy tissue for biology studies including: Shimada Classification, MYC-N amplification, and DNA index analysis and complications associated with the procedure. Chi-Square and Student's t-test were used to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: Of 24 @entity1 , 11 underwent NBX, and 13 @entity1 underwent OBX. Eighteen @entity1 had stage IV disease, 5 @entity1 had @entity5 , and 1 stage IVS. Ten major complications occurred in four NBX @entity1 and six OBX @entity1 . There was no difference in days of narcotic use, time to @entity7712 , or hospital stay between the two groups. Ten @entity1 (seven NBX and three OBX, P = 0.045) had tissue that was insufficient for biology studies. Three of the seven NBX @entity1 underwent a second biopsy for clarification of risk group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that more than half of @entity1 undergoing NBX for @entity521 had insufficient tissue for complete histological and molecular classification and that the incidence of procedural complications between NBX and OBX are similar.

title: Analysis of needle versus open biopsy for the diagnosis of advanced stage pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An @entity80 in the neural arch of the fourth cervical vertebra of a 10-year-old @entity1 is reported, along with a brief review of the literature on the topic. OBJECTIVE: To report the presentation and diagnosis of this disorder along with a discussion of the major pitfalls of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An @entity80 occurs commonly in the second decade, with a predilection for the lumbar spine. With occurrence in the neural arch of a cervical vertebra, the potential for instability following surgical excision is high. METHODS: A 10-year-old white female presented with neck @entity158 of 3 months' duration. Diagnostic imaging revealed an expansile lytic lesion in the spinous process and lamina of the fourth cervical vertebra. Surgical treatment consisted of excisional biopsy and a segmental instrumented posterior fusion from @entity17865 . The histopathology was consistent with an @entity80 . RESULTS: Surgical excision consisting of laminectomy and instrumented segmental fusion provided a good clinical result, and minimized the risk and degree of the 2 most common complications: recurrence of the @entity5 ; and @entity1513 , a frequent occurrence in the pediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric @entity1 who develop a @entity3478 of the posterior elements of the cervical spine, careful clinical and radiologic evaluation is necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. In most cases, a complete excision should be performed if possible. The risk of @entity1513 is high in the pediatric age population. As such, a fusion should be considered whenever a laminectomy is performed in the immature cervical spine. Risk factors for @entity1513 include a high cervical level, multiple laminectomy levels, and postoperative irradiation.

title: An @entity80 in the cervical spine of a 10-year-old XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['postlaminectomy kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: Cetuximab presents a potential therapy for gastric or esophagogastric junction @entity420 . We aim to evaluate the predictive value of potential biomarkers of cetuximab efficacy. In this prospective phase 2 trial (NCT00477711), we enrolled untreated 47 @entity1 with un-resectable or metastatic gastric or esophagogastric junction @entity420 from seven sites in China. @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity420 were given @entity900 (80 mg/m2, triweekly), @entity416 (2,000 mg/m2, triweekly for 2 weeks), and cetuximab weekly (400 mg/m2 at first infusion and 250 mg/m2 subsequently). Sample size was calculated using Simon's two-stage design. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 , and predictive biomarkers. The ORR was 53.2%, median PFS 5.2 months, and @entity1349 10.8 months. The most frequent @entity137 included @entity1398 (25.0%), @entity390 / @entity391 (11.5%), and @entity1910 /desquamation (9.6%). @entity1 with grade 2-4 @entity1910 achieved a significantly better ORR, longer PFS, and @entity1349 than those with grade 0-1 @entity1910 . Seven @entity1 (15.9%) with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) strong expression (3+) showed great @entity5 shrinkage, longer PFS (7.1 months), and @entity1349 (16.6 months). @entity470 gene amplification was detected in four @entity1 (8.5%), all of whom responded well. Compared to @entity1 with lower levels of @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), those with high levels showed better response and longer PFS (6.0 vs 2.7 months, p=0.001) and @entity1349 (12.9 vs 7.0 months, p=0.001). C+XP was well tolerated and effective for advanced gastric or esophagogastric junction @entity420 as first-line therapy. Severity of @entity1910 and @entity7790 level correlated with efficacy, and @entity470 overexpression might predict cetuximab efficacy.

title: Predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of cetuximab combined with @entity900 and XXXX in advanced gastric or esophagogastric junction @entity420 : a prospective multicenter phase 2 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: Radiation-induced @entity8 is preceded by capillary endothelial cell damage, which initiates a cascade of inflammatory and thrombotic events. Accumulation of leukocytes in the irradiated kidney, especially in areas surrounding the glomeruli, has been clearly demonstrated. The chemokine fractalkine has recently been identified as a key mediator of leukocyte adhesion that functions without the requirement of integrins or selectin-mediated rolling. In this study we investigate the possible involvement of fractalkine in the inflammatory response of the irradiated kidney. @entity19 kidneys were irradiated with single doses of 16 or 0 Gy, and protein and mRNA levels of fractalkine and @entity5231 were examined after 10 to 40 weeks. These changes were correlated with the progressive increase and distribution of leukocytes in the irradiated kidneys. Increased fractalkine immunoreactivity was seen at glomerular sites 30 to 40 weeks after irradiation. This fractalkine expression was strongly associated with the presence of leukocytes surrounding the Bowman's capsule of the same glomeruli. No significant changes in mRNA levels of fractalkine were seen in whole kidney extracts after irradiation, but expression levels were not determined for isolated glomeruli. @entity5231 protein levels did not change with time after irradiation, although a significant decrease in mRNA expression was seen at 10 weeks. This study is the first demonstration of increased @entity17582 after irradiation and the results suggest that fractalkine may be an important mechanism of leukocyte trafficking in the development of a radiation induced inflammatory response.

title: @entity17582 : an important candidate for directing periglomerular leukocyte accumulation in irradiated XXXX kidneys.

entities_list: @entity17582 :: ('MESH:D054428', 'Chemical') :: ['fractalkine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Various studies have presented clinical or in vitro evidence linking bacteria to @entity14 , but these bacteria have not previously been concurrently quantified by qPCR in a single cohort. We quantify these bacteria (Fusobacterium spp., @entity15515 , @entity797 , Enterotoxigenic @entity2868 (ETBF), Enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC), and afaC- or pks-positive @entity526 ) in paired @entity5 and normal tissue samples from 55 @entity14 @entity1 . We further investigate the relationship between a) the presence and b) the level of colonisation of each bacterial species with site and stage of disease, age, gender, ethnicity and MSI-status. With the exception of @entity15515 , we detected all bacteria profiled here in both @entity5 and normal samples at varying frequencies. ETBF (FDR = 0.001 and 0.002 for normal and @entity5 samples) and afaC-positive @entity526 (FDR = 0.03, normal samples) were significantly enriched in the colon compared to the rectum. ETBF (FDR = 0.04 and 0.002 for normal and @entity5 samples, respectively) and Fusobacterium spp. (FDR = 0.03 @entity5 samples) levels were significantly higher in late stage (III/IV) @entity14 . Fusobacterium was by far the most common bacteria detected, occurring in 82% and 81% of paired @entity5 and normal samples. Fusobacterium was also the only bacterium that was significantly higher in @entity5 compared to normal samples (p = 6e-5). We also identified significant associations between high-level colonisation by Fusobacterium and @entity498 (FDR = 0.05), age (FDR = 0.03) or pks-positive @entity526 (FDR = 0.01). Furthermore, we exclusively identified atypical EPEC in our cohort, which has not been previously reported in association with @entity14 . By quantifying @entity14 across a single cohort, we uncovered inter- and intra-individual patterns of colonization not previously recognized, as well as important associations with clinicopathological features, especially in the case of Fusobacterium and ETBF.

title: Quantitative Profiling of @entity14 Reveals Associations between Fusobacterium spp., Enterotoxigenic XXXX (ETBF) and Clinicopathological Features of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity15515 :: ('315405', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gallolyticus', 'S. gallolyticus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer-associated bacteria', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a common and poorly controlled symptom of @entity15 . Our objective was to determine the short-term effect of smoked @entity835 on this symptom. METHODS: We conducted a placebo-controlled, crossover trial involving adult @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity508 . We recruited @entity1 from a regional clinic or by referral from specialists. We randomly assigned @entity1 to either the intervention (smoked @entity835 , once daily for three days) or control (identical placebo cigarettes, once daily for three days). Each @entity1 was assessed daily before and after treatment. After a washout interval of 11 days, @entity1 crossed over to the opposite group. Our primary outcome was change in @entity508 as measured by @entity1 score on the modified Ashworth scale. Our secondary outcomes included @entity1 ' perception of @entity158 (as measured using a visual analogue scale), a timed walk and changes in cognitive function (as measured by @entity1 performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), in addition to ratings of @entity1295 . RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were randomized at the start of the study, 30 of whom completed the trial. Treatment with smoked @entity835 resulted in a reduction in @entity1 scores on the modified Ashworth scale by an average of 2.74 points more than placebo (p < 0.0001). In addition, treatment reduced @entity158 scores on a visual analogue scale by an average of 5.28 points more than placebo (p = 0.008). Scores for the timed walk did not differ significantly between treatment and placebo (p = 0.2). Scores on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test decreased by 8.67 points more with treatment than with placebo (p = 0.003). No serious adverse events occurred during the trial. INTERPRETATION: Smoked @entity835 was superior to placebo in symptom and @entity158 reduction in @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity508 . Future studies should examine whether different doses can result in similar beneficial effects with less cognitive impact.

title: Smoked @entity835 for XXXX in @entity15 : a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: AIMS: The main aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) from bacteria to induce in vitro adventitious shoots in internodal explants of @entity5598 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Culture supernatant of Halomonas sp. RE1 and Halomonas sp. @entity57149 that contain 21 and 40 microg ml(-1) @entity6207 , respectively, was used to supplement Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Two combinations that were supplemented with bacterial supernatant (BS) are MS + BS and MS + BS + 10%CW (coconut water) while basal MS medium was used as control. The amounts of BS used in this experiment were 50, 100, 150 and 200 microl in 5 ml MS medium in each combination. In vitro-grown internodal explants of @entity5598 were inoculated on these media combinations and incubated in a growth chamber at 25 +/- 1 degrees C and exposed to 16-h cool fluorescent light. After 5-6 weeks of incubation adventitious shoot induction was observed in all treatments that were supplemented with BS as compared with the controls where very low response was observed. The frequency of shoot induction was high in media that were supplemented with 10%CW in the presence of bacterial auxin. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that @entity6207 of microbial origin has the potential to induce adventitious shoots in internodal explants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: @entity6207 from bacteria can be effectively used in plant tissue culture; especially a combination of MS + BS + 10%CW is very cost-effective as compared with synthetic phytohormones for in vitro studies.

title: Potential of bacterial XXXX to induce adventitious shoots in plant tissue culture.

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['B. oleracea', 'Brassica oleracea L']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleacetic acid']

answer: @entity9634 :: (MESH:C030737,Chemical) :: ['indoleacetic acid']


abstract: Brucella spp. are gram-negative bacteria that cause the most frequent @entity2927 worldwide, with more than 500,000 @entity1 @entity281 yearly; however, no @entity1 vaccine is currently available. As with other intracellular organisms, cytotoxic mechanisms against infected cells are thought to have an important role in controlling @entity281 and mediating long-term immunity. Live attenuated strains developed for use in animals elicit protection but retain unacceptable levels of virulence. Thus, the optimal design for a @entity3377 vaccine requires a nonliving vaccine that confers effective immunity. Historically, inactivation methods such as chemical or heat treatment successfully impair Brucella reproductive capacity; nevertheless, metabolically inactive vaccines (subunit or killed) present very limited efficacy. Hence, we hypothesized that bacterial metabolism plays a major role in creating the proper antigenic and adjuvant properties required for efficient triggering of protective responses. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of @entity6467 by gamma-irradiation inhibited its replication capability and yet retained live-Brucella protective features. Irradiated Brucella possessed metabolic and transcriptional activity, persisted in macrophages, generated antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, and protected @entity19 against virulent bacterial challenge, without signs of residual virulence. In conclusion, pathogen metabolic activity has a positive role in shaping protective responses, and the generation of inactivated and yet metabolically active microbes is a promising strategy for safely vaccinating against intracellular organisms such as @entity6467 .

title: Nondividing but metabolically active gamma-irradiated @entity6467 is protective against virulent @entity6467 challenge in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A series of 25 @entity1 , 13 females and 12 males, who had an acquired @entity497 together with @entity302 , but did not fulfil the strict criteria of the @entity12924 , was studied. All @entity1 had a clinical neurological evaluation, speech and language assessment, an awake and sleep EEG, cranial MRI, SPET scan, and audiometry. Clinical @entity410 were most often polymorphic in type (17 of 25). Atypical absences were the commonest individual seizure type occurring in 15 cases. All @entity1 had an unequivocal epileptiform EEG. Normal sleep phenomena were only observed in 10 cases, enhancement of @entity302 in sleep was seen in 16. Cranial MRI was abnormal in six and normal in 19 cases. The SPET scans were abnormal in 22 of 25 @entity1 . The language deficits were classified neurologically as @entity13523 , 24 of 25; expressive @entity2026 , 20 of 25; nominal @entity2026 , eight of 25; @entity1742 , 10 of 25; and @entity2167 , nine of 25. It is hypothesized that the loss of communication skills is due to an @entity75 secondary to the persistent @entity302 discharge and manifests as a hypometabolic area on the SPET scan.

title: XXXX : a consequence of regional hypometabolic @entity75 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory agnosia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['receptive aphasia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['articulatory dyspraxia']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity922 ( @entity922 ) for the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) is unknown, which limits its application and interpretation. This study aimed to estimate MCIDs for the GIQLI scores of @entity1 after they had undergone cholecystectomy. METHODS: This study had 267 @entity1 . All the @entity1 completed the GIQLI and four anchor items, namely, "How would you describe your overall symptoms, emotions, physical functions, and social functions since your last visit?" The response options were "much worse," "somewhat worse," "same," "somewhat better" and "much better." The @entity922 was defined according to those who responded with "somewhat better." RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 57.81    14.93 years, and 37.08% of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The @entity922 group included 67, 78, 44, and 22 @entity1 with MCIDs of 6.42, 6.86, 7.64 and 6.46 points respectively for scores on the symptoms, emotions, physical functions, and social functions subscales, respectively. The effect sizes of four anchors in the "somewhat better" group (0.38-0.49) exceeded those of the same group (0.25-0.38). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that after @entity1 had undergone cholecystectomy, the clinically significant mean changes in their scores on the GIQLI subscales for symptoms, emotions, physical functions, and social function were respectively 6.42, 6.86, 7.64, and 6.46 points. After @entity1 have undergone cholecystectomy, the MCIDs for the GIQLI subscales can play an important role in interpretation of the scores, application of them in clinical practice, and verification of treatment effects.

title: The XXXX in the Gastrointestinal Quality-of-Life Index after cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['minimal clinically important difference']


abstract: Preterm birth is the single biggest cause of significant neonatal morbidity and mortality, and the incidence is rising. Development of new therapies to treat and prevent @entity3152 is seriously hampered by incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that initiate labour at term and preterm. Computational modelling provides a new opportunity to improve this understanding. It is a useful tool in (i) identifying gaps in knowledge and informing future research, and (ii) providing the basis for an in silico model of parturition in which novel drugs to prevent or treat @entity3152 can be "tested". Despite their merits, computational models are rarely used to study the molecular events initiating labour. Here, we present the first attempt to generate a dynamic kinetic model that has relevance to the molecular mechanisms of @entity3152 . Using published data, we model an important candidate signalling pathway in @entity281 : that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced activation of Nuclear Factor kappa B. This is the first model of this pathway to explicitly include molecular interactions upstream of Nuclear Factor kappa B activation. We produced a formalised graphical depiction of the pathway and built a kinetic model based on ordinary differential equations. The kinetic model accurately reproduced published in vitro time course plots of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Nuclear Factor kappa B activation in @entity19 embryo fibroblasts. In this preliminary work we have provided proof of concept that it is possible to build computational models of signalling pathways that are relevant to the regulation of labour, and suggest that models that are validated with wet-lab experiments have the potential to greatly benefit the field.

title: A computational model of lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation: a key signalling pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection-induced preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection-induced preterm labour']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally by base pairing to mRNAs. MiRNAs are predicted to target ~50% of all protein-coding genes and functional studies indicate that they participate in the regulation of almost every cellular process. They play also a key role in pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several diseases, e.g. @entity5 , @entity65 , @entity792 , and @entity179 . Several miRNAs are expressed in the @entity1 brain where they contribute to equilibrium between maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells. MiRNAs specific mechanisms of action and their roles in brain development and synaptic plasticity resulted in a great interest in the analysis of their potential role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of @entity146 . Currently, @entity161 is one of the fields in psychiatry where miRNAs have been most widely investigated. The understanding of miRNAs role in @entity161 has been achieved through association, functional and expression profiling studies on post mortem brain and peripheral tissues. Several studies identified association between @entity146 and variants in miRNAs including variations in miRNA/primary-/precursor-miRNAs sequences, in miRNAs biogenesis machinery genes, in the 3'UTR of target genes and in miRNAs expression. In summary, there is growing evidence that miRNAs exert a crucial role in gene expression regulation in the central nervous system and are altered in the development, presentation and response to treatment of @entity146 . In this review we summarize the most significant results of experimental studies aimed at highlighting the involvement of @entity1 miRNAs in @entity161 .

title: The Emerging Role of MicroRNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: In many different solid @entity5 the DNA content of cells has been reported to be associated with @entity5 . With one exception, studies using flow cytometry to estimate cellular DNA in @entity2184 have used archival material. We report the findings of a prospective study using fresh @entity2184 where the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and percentage of cells in S phase (%SPF) have been determined by flow cytometry in 51 @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Forty-one (80%) of the @entity5 were large, 9 (18%) were medium and only 1 was small. Eight (16%) were epithelioid @entity5 , 41 (80%) were mixed cell and only 2 were spindle B cell @entity5 . Twenty-seven @entity5 were diploid, of which 10 (37%) developed @entity3 . Of the 24 @entity5 , @entity3 developed in 6 (25%). The median %SPF was significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity5 compared with @entity5 (p < 0.0001), but there were no significant differences in %SPF between @entity5 associated with or without metastatic disease. The @entity894 and %SPF were not significantly associated with the operation performed, cell morphology, @entity5 size or location. Neither %SPF nor @entity2007 was associated with a poor prognosis. Our results suggest that the estimation of @entity894 or %SPF by flow cytometry is of little value in predicting survival from uveal @entity320 after a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

title: @entity894 and % S phase fraction in XXXX : a 5 year prospective study of fresh tissue using flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['posterior uveal melanoma']