abstract: @entity2791 or @entity432 causing the @entity101 has been rarely reported. Our impression, however, was that the disorder is not uncommon. Case records from @entity1 in one city (population 350 000) presenting between 1980 and 1997 with @entity101 , @entity2753 , and evidence of @entity8 were scrutinized. Thirty-two @entity1 fulfilling inclusion criteria were identified. Admission supine arterial pressures were high (mean 228/124 mm Hg), but there was a vigorous fall in pressure on standing (26/12.7 mm Hg recorded in 27 @entity1 ). Mean plasma concentrations of @entity1372 (129.7 mmol/L) and @entity972 (2.7 mmol/L) were low, and 24-hour urine protein excretion was elevated in 19 of 26 @entity1 . Twenty-two of the 32 @entity1 were female, the majority were asthenic, and all but 5 were smokers. Symptoms precipitating hospitalization were @entity10 , clouding of @entity1662 , @entity911 , @entity425 , @entity353 , thirst, and @entity2011 . Plasma @entity916 levels, measured in 20 @entity1 , were elevated in most cases and correlated inversely (r=-0.63, P<0.01) with the plasma @entity1372 concentration. The @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity8 is not rare: Rather, it is underreported. It tends to affect elderly asthenic @entity1 who smoke heavily. Stimulation of @entity916 release from the @entity63 kidney is probably central to the pathophysiology. The syndrome deserves better recognition to ensure appropriate investigations and management.

title: XXXX with @entity8 : an underrecognized disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical outcomes with new oral anticoagulants for prophylaxis against @entity1211 after total hip or knee replacement. DESIGN: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and indirect treatment comparisons. DATA SOURCES: Medline and CENTRAL (up to April 2011), clinical trials registers, conference proceedings, and websites of regulatory agencies. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials of @entity3925 , @entity3926 , or @entity5424 compared with enoxaparin for prophylaxis against @entity1211 after total hip or knee replacement. Two investigators independently extracted data. Relative risks of symptomatic @entity1211 , clinically relevant @entity548 , deaths, and a net clinical endpoint (composite of symptomatic @entity1211 , major @entity548 , and @entity204 ) were estimated using a random effect meta-analysis. RevMan and ITC software were used for direct and indirect comparisons, respectively. RESULTS: 16 trials in 38,747 @entity1 were included. Compared with enoxaparin, the risk of symptomatic @entity1211 was lower with @entity3925 (relative risk 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.75) and similar with @entity3926 (0.71, 0.23 to 2.12) and @entity5424 (0.82, 0.41 to 1.64). Compared with enoxaparin, the relative risk of clinically relevant @entity548 was higher with @entity3925 (1.25, 1.05 to 1.49), similar with @entity3926 (1.12, 0.94 to 1.35), and lower with @entity5424 (0.82, 0.69 to 0.98). The treatments did not differ on the net clinical endpoint in direct or indirect comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: A higher efficacy of new anticoagulants was generally associated with a higher @entity548 tendency. The new anticoagulants did not differ significantly for efficacy and safety.

title: @entity3926 , XXXX , or @entity5424 versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement: systematic review, meta-analysis, and indirect treatment comparisons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: @entity409 anticipates the development of transplant @entity453 (TxCAD) observed more than 1 year after transplantation (HTx). We investigated whether in @entity1 early after HTx myocardial inducible and constitutive @entity842 synthases (iNOS; @entity9554 ) are expressed and cardiac @entity842 production occurs. Moreover, a possible relationship to alterations in endothelium dependent and independent vasomotor function was assessed. Forty-two transplant recipients were studied 37 +/- 5 days after HTx. Microvascular @entity301 ( @entity301 ) was tested endothelium dependent ( @entity934 ; 30 microg/min x 5 min/i.c.) and independent ( @entity859 ; 160 microg/min x 5 min/i.c.) by Doppler flow wire. Flow velocity increase by a factor greater than 2 was considered normal. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to assess epicardial vasomotor function in response to the same stimuli. Myocardial iNOS and @entity9554 gene expression were detected by semiquantitative reversed transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma @entity3542 levels (microM) were measured by spectrophotometry. Cytokines ( @entity310 , @entity650 ; pg/ml) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In 26.1% of @entity1 (n = 11; group A) an impaired endothelium dependent @entity301 (1.65 +/- 0.23 increase) was observed; in 73.9% (n = 31, group B) a normal endothelium dependent @entity301 (3.0 +/- 0.7 increase; P = 0.003) was observed. Myocardial iNOS and @entity9554 gene expression did not differ between the two groups. Transcardiac cytokine production was noted in 58.8% of @entity1 for @entity650 and in 53.3% for @entity310 . Coronary sinus (CS) levels of @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity3542 were higher in group A. A significant increase in @entity3542 production was found only in @entity1 with impaired endothelium dependent @entity301 (aorta: 43.9 +/- 3.7 vs CS: 52.8 +/- 5.6, P = 0.05), suggesting transcardiac @entity842 production. In addition, CS @entity3542 levels correlated with CS @entity310 levels in @entity1 with impaired @entity301 (r = 0.44, P = 0.003). Microvascular endothelium dependent @entity301 is impaired in 26% of @entity1 early after HTx. Activation of cytokines and the NO pathway seem to be involved in this @entity409 The association between cardiac @entity842 production and @entity310 in this group indicates a chronic high immunologic process, which may represent an early and important target for therapy and prevention of TxCAD.

title: An association between microvascular XXXX , transcardiac @entity842 production and pro-inflammatory cytokines after heart transplantation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary flow velocity reserve', 'CFVR']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction', 'vasomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses that preparatory informational interventions based on self-regulation theory delivered to @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) recipients by staff nurses would reduce disruption in @entity1 ' usual life activities and have a positive effect on the moods of @entity1 who tended to have pessimistic expectations about outcomes. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design with repeated measures. SETTING: University-affiliated @entity1161 department. SAMPLE: 226 @entity1 receiving @entity1161 for @entity0 . METHODS: The control-group @entity1 received the nursing care that was the standard of practice before the experimental interventions were introduced. The experimental-group @entity1 received theory-based interventions four different times from staff nurses. @entity1 data were collected by interview four different times. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Type of nursing interventions generated, optimistic or pessimistic expectations about outcomes (Life Orientation Test), amount of disruption in usual life activities (Sickness Impact Profile), and moods (Bi-Polar Profile of Mood States). FINDINGS: The @entity1 who received the self-regulation theory-based nursing interventions experienced less disruption in their usual life activities during and following @entity1161 . Among the @entity1 who tended to be pessimistic, those who received the theory-based interventions had a more positive mood than those who did not receive the interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Staff nurses should use self-regulation theory-based interventions to help @entity1 cope with @entity1161 .

title: The effects of nursing care guided by self-regulation theory on coping with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented to the emergency department with a persistent left-sided sore throat of 2-month duration. The sore throat had not responded to antibiotic therapy. Over the past week, the soreness had increased and was aggravated by opening the mouth. He denied @entity221 but admitted to a 10-lb weight loss. His social history was significant for @entity167 and @entity286 use. Physical examination revealed a bulging and @entity13680 with a deviated uvula. Areas of the tonsil were noted to be ulcerating through the soft palate. In the upper left neck, a 3-cm, firm, nontender, lymph node was palpated anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A computed tomography of the neck with contrast revealed an enhancing tonsillar mass as well as enlarged lymph nodes bilaterally. A transoral biopsy returned @entity957 .

title: XXXX of the tonsil masquerading as a peritonsillar abscess.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13680 :: ('MESH:C562950', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous left soft palate']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is frequently associated with @entity566 and @entity565 . Corticosteroid therapy and surgical @entity1127 are the 2 most common treatment strategies for @entity1412 . Various @entity56 and inflammatory mediators are thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. The @entity5750 gene is located on chromosome 5q31-32, which is considered a critical region for several @entity56 and @entity66 , including @entity565 . Consequently, variations in @entity5750 could have functional effects on the etiology and severity of @entity566 and @entity565 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism @entity39509 in the @entity5750 gene of @entity1 with @entity1412 and controls. METHODS: The study population comprised 106 @entity1 with @entity1412 diagnosed based on computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinus, endoscopy, and histological examination. Findings were compared with those from 87 controls. The frequency of @entity39509 was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DNA was extracted using the salting out technique. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between @entity39509 and @entity1412 (P = .04). @entity1 with the CC genotype at position -159 of the @entity5750 promoter region had an increased risk of @entity565 (OR, 3.83, 95% CI, 0.99-13.91; P < .02). However, we did not find an association between the distribution of @entity39509 and serum immunoglobulin E level. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic variation in the @entity5750 promoter might play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 and in the incidence of @entity565 .

title: Association between the functional polymorphism XXXX in the @entity5750 promoter gene and nasal polyposis: potential role in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['removal of polyps']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'Nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity39509 :: (c|SUB|C|-159|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C-159T']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While the associations between @entity458 (e.g., @entity1005 [ @entity1005 ], @entity308 ) and @entity22 have been demonstrated in trauma-exposed populations, studies have not fully explored the associations between @entity22 and the wide range of common physical and physiological changes that can occur after trauma exposure (e.g., @entity158 , cardiometabolic risk factors). We aimed to clarify the unique associations of psychological and physical trauma sequelae with different aspects of self-reported @entity22 . A comprehensive psychological and physical examination was administered to 283 combat-deployed trauma-exposed Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/ @entity23806 /OND) veterans. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and PSQI Addendum for PSTD (PSQI-A) were administered along with measures of @entity1005 , @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity158 , @entity131 , @entity285 use, @entity1239 @entity734 , and @entity1109 . We first performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the PSQI and then conducted regressions with the separate PSQI factors as well as the PSQI-A to identify unique associations between trauma-related measures and the separate aspects of sleep. We found that the PSQI global score was composed of three factors: Sleep Efficiency (sleep efficiency/sleep duration), Perceived Sleep Quality (sleep quality/sleep latency/sleep medication) and Daily Disturbances (sleep disturbances/daytime dysfunction). Linear regressions demonstrated that @entity1005 symptoms were uniquely associated with the PSQI global score and all three factors, as well as the PSQI-A. For the other @entity458 variables, @entity148 was independently associated with PSQI global as well as Sleep Efficiency, Perceived Sleep Quality, and PSQI-A, whereas @entity308 was uniquely associated with Daily Disturbances and PSQI-A. Notably, @entity1109 explained independent variance in PSQI global and Sleep Efficiency. These findings help lay the groundwork for further investigations of the mechanisms of @entity22 in trauma-exposed individuals and may help in the development of more effective, individualized treatments.

title: Trauma Sequelae are Uniquely Associated with Components of Self-Reported Sleep Dysfunction in OEF/ XXXX /OND Veterans.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity23806 :: (4969,Gene) :: ['OIF']


abstract: This prospective study compares repetitive thick-slab single-shot projection magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the detection of @entity2877 . Fifty-seven consecutive @entity1 (36 @entity1 , mean age 61) referred for suspected @entity2877 underwent MRCP, followed by EUS. Each procedure was performed by different operators blinded to the results of the other investigation. MR technique included a turbo spin-echo T2-weighted axial sequence with selective fat saturation (SPIR/TSE, TE=70 ms, TR=1,600 ms), followed by coronal dynamic MRCP. The same thick-slab slice was sequentially acquired 12 times as breath-hold single-shot projection imaging (SSh, TE=900 ms, TE=8,000 ms) centred on the common bile duct (CBD). Two experienced radiologists independently and blindly evaluated MR images for the detection of CBD stones. Their inter-observer agreement kappa was determined. Secondly, the two observers read MR images in consensus again. CBD stones were demonstrated in 18 out of 57 @entity1 (31.6 %) and confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP, n=17) or intraoperative cholangiography (n=1). Clinical follow-up served as the "gold standard" in @entity1 with negative results without following invasive procedure (n=28). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value for MRCP resulting from consensus reading were 94.9%, 94.4%, 94.7%, 97.4% and 89.5%, respectively. Corresponding values of EUS were 97.4%, 94.4%, 96.5%, 97.4% and 94.4%. Inter-observer agreement kappa was 0.81. Repetitive thick-slab single-shot projection MRCP is an accurate non-invasive imaging modality for suspected @entity2877 and should be increasingly used to select those @entity1 who require a subsequent therapeutic procedure, namely ERCP.

title: XXXX : repetitive thick-slab single-shot projection magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography versus endoscopic ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['Choledocholithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity137 is a superantigen-driven potentially life-threatening disease affecting mainly young and otherwise healthy individuals. Currently, no specific treatment or preventive measure is available. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant detoxified @entity137 toxin-1 variant (rTSST-1v) vaccine in adult volunteers. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose-escalation first-in- @entity1 trial, healthy adults aged 18-64 years were enrolled from the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. @entity1 were randomly assigned (2:1 and 3:1) by block randomisation (block sizes of three and 12) to receive increasing doses of rTSST-1v (100 ng to 30  g) or the adjuvant comparator @entity12525 (Al(OH)3) (200  g, 600  g, or 1 mg). Investigators and @entity1 were masked to group allocation. The per-protocol population received a booster immunisation 42 days after the first vaccination. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability of rTSST-1v. The per-protocol population included all @entity1 who had adhered to the study protocol without any major protocol deviations. The per-protocol population was the primary analysis population for immunogenicity. The trial is registered with EudraCT, number 2013-003716-50, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02340338. FINDINGS: Between Aug 19, 2014, and April 14, 2015, 46 @entity1 were enrolled (safety population), of whom three were assigned to cohort 1 (two to receive 100 ng rTSST-1v and one to receive 200  g @entity12525 ), three to cohort 2 (two to receive 300 ng rTSST-1v and one to receive 600  g @entity12525 ), four to cohort 3 (three to receive 1  g rTSST-1v and one to receive 1 mg @entity12525 ), 12 to cohort 4 (nine to receive 3  g rTSST-1v and three to receive 1 mg @entity12525 ), 12 to cohort 5 (nine to receive 10  g rTSST-1v and three to receive 1 mg @entity12525 ), and 12 to cohort 6 (nine to receive 300  g rTSST-1v and three to receive 1 mg @entity12525 ). 45 @entity1 (98%) were included in the per-protocol population. rTSST-1v had a good safety profile, and no vaccination-related severe or serious adverse events occurred. Adverse event rates were similar between @entity1 who received rTSST-1v and those who received placebo (26 [76%] vs 10 [83%]; p=0  62) independent of pre-existing TSST-1 immunity. INTERPRETATION: rTSST-1v was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic. This study represents an important step in vaccine development to prevent or treat a potentially lethal disease. FUNDING: Biomedizinische Forschungs GmbH.

title: Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant XXXX toxin (rTSST)-1 variant vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose escalation first-in- @entity1 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12525 :: ('CHEBI:33130', 'Chemical') :: ['Al(OH)3', 'aluminium hydroxide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: @entity42524 ash is created as waste from the roasting of @entity42524 ores during the production of @entity4197 . These processes generate great amounts of @entity42524 ash waste that is generally land filled. This creates serious environmental pollution due to the release of acids and toxic substances. @entity42524 ash waste can be utilized in the @entity68 production industry as a blast furnace feed to process this waste and prevent environmental pollution. The essential parameters affecting the pelletization process of @entity42524 ash were studied using @entity6638 as a binder. Experiments were then carried out using @entity6638 and a mixture of @entity6638 with @entity6086 and @entity12374 in order to make the @entity6638 more effective. The metallurgical properties of @entity42524 ash, @entity6638 , @entity6086 , @entity12374 , a mixture of these and sintered pellets were studied using X-ray analysis. The crushing strength tests were carried out to investigate the strength of @entity42524 ash waste pellets. The results of these analyses showed that @entity42524 ash can be agglomerated to pellets and used in the @entity68 production industry as a blast furnace feed. The crushing strength of the pellets containing @entity6086 and @entity12374 in addition to @entity6638 was better than the strength of pellets prepared using only @entity6638 binder.

title: Effects of @entity6086 and XXXX addition to @entity6638 in @entity68 ore pelletization.

entities_list: @entity4197 :: ('CHEBI:26836', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphuric acid']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['bentonite']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity42524 :: ('MESH:C011342', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrite', 'Pyrite']

answer: @entity12374 :: (MESH:D002122,Chemical) :: ['calcium chloride']


abstract: Purpose: Molecular features of lipoprotein(a) [Lp (a)] associated with membranes of the lens were examined with respect to the pathogenesis and progression of @entity231 .Methods: Lenses were homogenized and separated into @entity1133 -soluble (US) and @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) fractions. Then low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions were separated from US and @entity12360 fractions by flotation density gradient ultracentrifugation. LDL and HDL fractions were prepared from 14 and 54 lenses, respectively, of a group of @entity6 @entity1 with @entity231 ( @entity3918 group) or a group of non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity231 (non- @entity3918 group). Lp(a) in each fraction and in @entity1 @entity7462 was immunochemically assayed using the latex agglutination method. Molecular phenotypes of Lp(a) were identified by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) followed by Western blotting.Results: Lp (a) contents in LDL fractions were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the @entity3918 group [11.14 +/- 0.88 (mean +/- standard deviation)   g/lens] than in the non- @entity3918 group [5.77 +/- 2.75 mg/lens]. Lp(a) values in HDL fractions were higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, although the values did not differ significantly between the two groups. Lp (a) concentration in @entity7462 was slightly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group. Lp (a) components examined by @entity214 -PAGE were detected only at the origin using immunoblotting.Conclusion: The Lp (a) content in @entity231 lenses was higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group. Incontrast to the molecular features of Lp(a) in blood, those of Lp(a) in @entity231 seemed to be high molecular weight complexes. These results suggests that impairment of LDL receptors in @entity3918 is associated with disturbance in lipid metabolism which leads to accumulation of degenerated lipoproteins and altered membrane structure.

title: The Level of Lipoprotein(a) in XXXX Cataractous Lens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataractous', 'senile cataract', 'cataract', 'cataractous lens']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'water-soluble']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes of the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) @entity460 plus @entity560 supplementation trial have been reported during 7.0 years of active intervention. We now report outcomes 4.9 years after the intervention stopped and cumulative findings. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 (N=36,282) were randomized; postintervention follow-up continued among 29,862 (86%) of surviving @entity1 . Primary outcomes were @entity173 and @entity14 . @entity0 , all @entity5 , @entity65 ( @entity65 ), and total mortality were predetermined major study outcomes. RESULTS: Hip fracture incidence was comparable in the supplement and the placebo groups, postintervention hazard ratio (HR)=0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI: 0.78, 1.15) and overall HR=0.91 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.05). Overall, @entity14 incidence did not differ between randomization groups, HR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.13). Throughout, there also was no difference in @entity0 , @entity65 , and all-cause mortality between groups. In subgroup analyses, the @entity0 effect varied by baseline @entity560 intake (p=0.03 for interaction). @entity1 with @entity560 intakes >600 IU/d, had an increased risk of @entity0 , HR=1.28 (95% CI; 1.03, 1.60). Over the entire study period, in post hoc analyses, the incidence of @entity174 , HR=0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.98) and in situ @entity0 , HR=0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.99) were lower among @entity1 randomized to supplementation. CONCLUSION: After an average of 11 years, @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation did not decrease @entity173 or @entity14 incidence. Exploratory analyses found lower @entity174 and in situ @entity0 incidence in the supplement users. There was no effect on @entity65 or all-cause mortality.

title: @entity460 plus @entity560 supplementation and health outcomes five years after active intervention ended: the XXXX 's Health Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety, costs, and cost-effectiveness of biphasic @entity2690 aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) with NPH plus regular @entity1 @entity2690 (NPH/ @entity16127 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: It was a Single-center, parallel-group, randomized, clinical trial (Trial Registration: NCT01889095). One hundred and seventy four @entity6 @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 (HbA1c   >=    8  % (63.9  mmol/mol)) were randomly assigned to trial arms (BIAsp 30 and NPH/ @entity16127 ) and were followed up for 48  weeks. BIAsp 30 was started at an initial dose of 0.2-0.6  IU/Kg in two divided doses and was titrated according to the glycemic status of the @entity1 . Similarly, NPH/ @entity16127 @entity2690 was initiated at a dose of 0.2-0.6  IU/Kg with a 2:1 ratio and was subsequently titrated. Level of glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, direct and indirect costs, quality adjusted life year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio have been assessed. RESULTS: HbA1c, Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), and two-hour post-prandial @entity413 (PPG) were improved in both groups during the study (P   <   0.05 for all analyses). Lower frequencies of minor, major, and @entity2749 were observed with BIAsp 30 (P   <   0.05). Additionally, BIAsp 30 was associated with less @entity1017 and also higher QALYs (P   <   0.05). Total medical and non-medical costs were significantly lower with BIAsp 30 as compared with NPH/ @entity16127 (930.55        81.43 USD vs. 1101.24        165.49 USD, P   =   0.004). Moreover, BIAsp 30 showed lower @entity10679 as a dominant alternative. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being more expensive, BIAsp 30 offers the same glycemic control as to NPH/ @entity16127 dose-dependently and also appears to cause fewer hypoglycemic events and to be more cost-effective in Iranian @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Biphasic @entity2690 Aspart 30 vs. NPH plus regular @entity1 @entity2690 in @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 ; a cost-effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of differing health care delivery models, specifically, gatekeeper (GK) vs direct access (DA) routes, on @entity320 outcome as measured by @entity5 thickness and @entity5 stage at diagnosis. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review of @entity1 previously diagnosed as having @entity320 who were referred to a university-based clinic from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2000. SETTING: Stanford Pigmented Lesion and @entity320 Clinic, Stanford, @entity2948 . @entity1 Two hundred thirty-four @entity1 with primary @entity320 stratified according to health care access route (GK or DA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in Breslow thickness, American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage, histologic features, @entity1 delay in seeking medical attention, and physician delay in diagnosis (time between initial physician visit and diagnostic biopsy procedure). RESULTS: Of 234 @entity1 , 168 (72%) were referred through the DA route and 66 (28%) through the GK route. A significant association was found between physician delay and access route; @entity1 in the DA group underwent biopsy sooner (< or =3 months vs >3 months) than those in the GK group (P<.001). No significant difference was observed in stage at diagnosis (predominantly stage IA), proportion of @entity320 (DA 4% vs GK 2%), @entity1 delay, or median @entity5 thickness between DA and GK routes (0.42 mm vs 0.50 mm, respectively). A trend toward a greater proportion of histologically ulcerated @entity320 was observed in the DA group compared with the GK group (12% vs 5%, respectively; P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated no difference in outcome between GK and DA routes as measured by @entity320 and stage, although @entity1 in the DA group underwent diagnostic biopsy sooner than those in the GK group. The potential effect of health care models on @entity320 outcomes merits further study.

title: Effect of health care delivery models on XXXX and stage in a university-based referral center: an observational pilot study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'melanoma thickness', 'Cutaneous Melanoma', 'nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) @entity1 , major response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NR) has been associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Positive pathologic nodal status was recently proven to be associated with poor prognosis even after total regression of @entity5 (ypT0). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) involvement in @entity1 with complete (ypT0) or major ( @entity17198 : very few viable @entity5 cells) response. METHODS: Included were @entity1 with complete or major response after radiotherapy followed by surgery and histological examination of the whole specimen. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2010, 245 @entity1 with LARC were treated by NR. We collected clinical data for 53 @entity1 (21.6 %) with ypT0 (n = 26, 49 %) or @entity17198 (n = 27, 51 %) response. Sphincter-preserving surgery was performed in 40 @entity1 (75 %). Overall, nine @entity1 (16.9 %) presented @entity1600 involvement: 2 (7.7 %) in the ypT0 group and 7 (25.9 %) in the @entity17198 group (NS). @entity1 with ypT3 @entity5 had significantly more invaded @entity1600 than @entity1 with @entity501 -T2 @entity5 (6 of 13 [46 %] vs 1 of 14 [7 %], p = .032). After median follow-up of 30 months (range, 1-160 months), 5-year disease-free and overall survivals were 88.2 and 89.0 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was a clear cutoff between @entity1 with ypT0-T2 (3 of 40, 7.5 %) and ypT3 (6 of 13, 46 %) concerning the incidence of metastatic @entity1600 in @entity1 achieving pathologic complete or major response after NR. In @entity1 with good clinical response, local full-thickness resection of the @entity41 could be a first step, followed by standard rectal resection in cases of ypT3.

title: What is the incidence of metastatic @entity1600 involvement after significant pathologic response of @entity5 following neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Gene expression control mediated by microRNAs and epigenetic remodeling of chromatin are interconnected processes often involved in feedback regulatory loops, which strictly guide proper tissue differentiation during embryonal development. Altered expression of microRNAs is one of the mechanisms leading to pathologic conditions, such as @entity5 . Several lines of evidence pointed to epigenetic alterations as responsible for aberrant microRNA expression in @entity1 @entity5 . @entity980 and @entity521 are pediatric @entity5 derived from cells presenting features of skeletal muscle and neuronal precursors, respectively, blocked at different stages of differentiation. Consistently, @entity5 cells express tissue markers of origin but are unable to terminally differentiate. Several microRNAs playing a key role during tissue differentiation are often epigenetically downregulated in @entity980 and @entity521 and behave as @entity5 suppressors when re-expressed. Recently, inhibition of epigenetic modulators in @entity5 has provided encouraging results causing re-expression of anti- @entity5 master gene pathways. Thus, a similar approach could be used to correct the aberrant epigenetic regulation of microRNAs in @entity980 and @entity521 . The present review highlights the current insights on epigenetically deregulated microRNAs in @entity980 and @entity521 and their role in tumorigenesis and developmental pathways. The translational clinical implications and challenges regarding modulation of epigenetic chromatin remodeling/microRNAs interconnections are also discussed.

title: Epigenetic deregulation of microRNAs in XXXX and @entity521 and translational perspectives.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'adult tumors']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Detection of @entity5 cells in blood and bone marrow is increasingly used for the staging of @entity1 with @entity0 and to evaluate the presence of @entity5 cells in peripheral blood progenitor cell collections to be used after high-dose therapy. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of three different methods for detection of @entity5 cells among non- @entity5 tissue. An immunocytochemical assay using antibodies directed against epitopes of the @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) protein and two RNA-based methods: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA) for the same target gene were tested. With all the three methods, false-positive results were observed when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy volunteers were tested. There was no concordance between the RNA-based assays and the immunocytochemical assay. The false-positive results in the RNA-based assays may be due to 'illegitimate expression' of epithelial genes in normal PBMC. The false-positive results in the immunocytochemical assay resulted from background staining of monocytes and granulocytes. This study demonstrates that @entity4166 is not a suitable target to detect the presence of @entity0 tells in PBMC. To reliably detect circulating @entity5 cells with RNA methods, the selection of suitable target genes is required, which are highly expressed in @entity5 but not at all in normal cells of blood and bone marrow. Genes with such characteristics may be identifiable with novel differential display techniques.

title: Comparison of immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for the detection of circulating XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The goal of this study is to determine whether @entity1 with @entity37229 ( @entity37229 ) and @entity151 ( @entity151 ) have a specific repertoire of antibodies, if @entity15468 antibodies ( @entity15468 -ab) can predict the presence of @entity151 , and if antibodies to cell surface antigens occur in this syndrome. Antibody analysis was done using immunohistochemistry on @entity35 brain, immunoblot with recombinant antigens, screening of cDNA expression libraries, and immunolabeling of live neurons in 39 @entity1 with @entity37229 and @entity151 . VGCC-ab were measured by RIA, and @entity15468 -ab, Hu-ab, and @entity24658 -ab by immunoblot. @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) was present in 10 of 23 @entity1 with electrophysiological studies. At least one antibody was detected in 72% of @entity1 . The individual frequencies were: 49% @entity15468 -ab, 44% VGCC-ab, 31% Hu-ab, and 13% @entity24658 -ab. @entity15468 -ab occurred in 76% of @entity1 with VGCC-ab and 27% of those without VGCC-ab (p=0.0036). @entity15468 -ab were not found in 39 @entity1 with @entity32889 @entity6447 , 23 with @entity6447 and @entity367 decarboxylase antibodies, and 73 with @entity37229 and @entity5 types other than @entity151 (31 without onconeural antibodies, 25 with Yo-ab , 17 with Tr-ab). Five @entity1 (13%) had antibodies against unknown neuronal cell surface antigens but none of them improved with immunotherapy. One serum immunoreacted against the axon initial segment of neurons and another serum against ELKS1, a protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that interacts with the beta4-subunit of the VGCC. In conclusion, 72% of @entity1 with @entity37229 and @entity151 had one or more antibodies that indicate the presence of this @entity5 . In these @entity1 , VGCC-ab and @entity15468 -ab occur tightly associated. @entity15468 -ab are predictors of @entity151 in @entity2055 @entity1 with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 49%. Unlike @entity14204 with @entity151 , antibodies to cell surface antigens other than VGCC-ab, are infrequent and do not predict response to treatment.

title: Antibody repertoire in XXXX and @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity32889 :: ('MESH:C537877', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic late-onset']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myastenic syndrome', 'LEMS']

entities_list: @entity37229 :: ('MESH:D020362', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity37229 :: (MESH:D020362,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrated that interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) (Avonex, Biogen) significantly delayed @entity717 in relapsing @entity15 @entity1 . The primary clinical outcome was time from study entry until disability progression, defined as > or = 1.0 point worsening from baseline Kurtzke @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score persisting for at least two consecutive scheduled visits separated by 6 months. The objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of benefit on @entity717 and its clinical significance. METHODS: Post hoc analyses related to disability outcomes using data collected during the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. RESULTS: (1) Clinical efficacy related to disability did not depend on the definition of disability progression. A significant benefit in favor of IFN beta-1a was observed when > or = 2.0 point worsening from baseline @entity717 was required or when worsening was required to persist for > or = 1.0 year. (2) Placebo recipients who reached the primary clinical outcome worsened by a larger amount from baseline @entity717 than did IFN beta-1a recipients who reached the primary study outcome. (3) Significantly fewer IFN beta-1a recipients progressed to @entity717 milestones of 4.0 (relatively severe @entity73 ) or 6.0 (unilateral assistance needed to walk). (4) Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that the only baseline characteristic strongly correlated with longer time to disability progression was IFN beta-1a treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The primary clinical outcome for the IFN beta-1a clinical trial underestimated clinical benefits of treatment. Results in this report demonstrate that IFN beta-1a treatment is associated with robust, clinically important beneficial effects on disability progression in relapsing @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Impact of interferon beta-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing XXXX . The @entity15 Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG).

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Expanded Disability Status Scale', 'progression of disability', 'EDSS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: AIMS: The prevalence of islet cell, thyroid, adrenal and celiac disease related autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity164 1 @entity3918 ) from @entity3595 Lanka is described. DESIGN AND METHODS: Autoantibodies to @entity367 decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab), protein @entity669 phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2Ab), insulin (IAAb), thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), TSH receptor (TRAb), 21-hydroxylase (21-OHAb) and tissue transglutaminase (tTGAb) were measured in 122 @entity164 1 @entity3918 @entity1 who had low C-peptide activity or were >20 yr old at the time of diagnosis and in 100 non-diabetic blood donors. RESULTS: @entity1840 Ab and/or IA-2Ab were present in 74/122 (60.7%) @entity164 1 @entity3918 subjects with a significantly higher prevalence compared to non-diabetic controls (no. 100) (GAD65Ab-59 vs 4%; IA-2Ab-14 vs 0%; respectively) (p<0.001). The median (inter-quartile range) @entity164 1 @entity3918 duration in antibody positive subjects was 3.3 (0.99-6.9) vs 4.9 (1.7-7.5) yr in antibody negative subjects (p=0.23). IA-2Ab prevalence decreased with disease duration > or =5 yr (19 vs 4%) (p<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of TgAb (25 vs 33%)(p=0.21) and TPOAb (22 vs 18%) (p=0.48) in @entity164 1 @entity3918 and non-diabetic subjects. Also, there was no difference in TgAb and TPOAb prevalence in antibody positive @entity164 1 @entity3918 (34.7%) compared to antibody negative @entity164 1 @entity3918 (24.4%) subjects (p=0.24). tTGAb (3/119) and TRAb (1/119) were found in low prevalence and 21-OHAb were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 associated autoantibodies were detected in the majority of @entity164 1 @entity3918 subjects, suggesting a major role for @entity792 in the pathogenesis of @entity164 1 @entity3918 in @entity3595 Lankans. The prevalence of TgAb and TPOAb in @entity164 1 @entity3918 subjects and non-diabetic controls was relatively high and similar in both groups.

title: Islet cell, thyroid, adrenal and celiac disease related autoantibodies in @entity1 with XXXX 1 @entity6 from @entity3595 Lanka.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is a clinical syndrome characterised by elevated serum total @entity165 levels due to an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , by @entity924 and clinical manifestations of @entity299 in early life. Typically, it results from mutations in the @entity754 ( @entity754 ) gene. So far, over 600 mutations have been reported for the @entity754 gene and account for @entity4310 . The nature of @entity754 gene mutations is different in various ethnicities and has also regional distribution within each ethnicity. Eleven mutations have already been described in the Greek population. This report describes seven @entity754 gene mutations accounting for @entity4310 in Northwestern Greece ( @entity43291 , @entity43292 , @entity43293 , @entity43294 , @entity43295 , @entity43296 and @entity43297 ) and their geographic distribution. We have recently described one of these mutations ( @entity43295 ) as a novel point mutation in a Greek family originating from Northwestern Greece. Furthermore, two previously identified mutations ( @entity43298 , @entity43297 ) were also detected in the Greek @entity4310 @entity1 for the first time. The @entity43297 mutation was responsible for all the homozygous @entity1 in our area, indicating a founder effect. These data will favor the development of tailed information and screening programs in Northwestern Greece for the primary prevention of @entity65 in @entity4310 @entity1 .

title: Characterization and geographic distribution of the @entity754 ( XXXX ) gene mutations in northwestern Greece.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'Familial Hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon xanthomata']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['LDLR']


abstract: Botulinum neurotoxins are produced by anaerobic spore forming bacteria, Clostridiumbotulinum. They are synthesized as a single chain protein (150kDa) which is not or weakly active. The active form results from proteolysis that cleaves the precursor into a light chain (about 50kDa) and a heavy chain (about 100kDa) which are linked by a @entity1520 bridge. The heavy chain is involved in the recognition of a specific neurone surface receptor and mediates the internalization of the light chain into the cytosol. The light chain is responsible for the intracellular activity. It catalyzes the proteolysis of @entity24332 proteins which are involved in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles containing @entity934 . Hence, the release of @entity934 at the neuromuscular junction is blocked leading to a flaccid @entity912 . The @entity116 neurotoxin shares with botulinum neurotoxins a common structure and mechanism of action. @entity116 neurotoxin blocks the release of neurotransmitters in the inhibitory interneurons leading to @entity912 . The paralytic properties of the botulinum neurotoxins are used to treat certain myoclonies such as @entity9663 , torticolis, hemifacial @entity912 . Botulinum neurotoxins are thus efficient therapeutic agents helpful in avoiding surgery.

title: [Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of botulinum and XXXX neurotoxins].

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paralysis', 'paralysis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: The most appropriate time to consider cortical resection to treat medically intractable @entity739 has not been clearly defined. The risks that need to be reconciled to make this decision are: What is the risk of loss of developmental potential if surgery is delayed too long versus what is the risk of unnecessary surgery if it is done too soon. We propose that, in addition to evaluation of @entity410 , developmental assessment is a key factor in the surgical decision. The case report illustrates this concept. CASE REPORT: HC had onset of @entity410 at 9 days of age and developed @entity739 due to mild right hemimegancephaly. At 19 months, she was having up to 50 @entity410 /day and was evaluated and approved for right hemispherectomy but surgery was delayed. Despite the @entity410 , her development had been much better than most @entity1 with hemimegencephaly and @entity739 . At 25 months her @entity410 control was much improved but she had several @entity410 /week. EcoG at the time of surgery did not demonstrate the usual abnormalities so no resection was performed. She has had only 5 @entity410 in the 2(1/2) year since. CONCLUSIONS: (a) @entity6788 is not always associated with severe @entity1032 ; (b) normal or near-normal development may, in some cases, indicate the possibility of medical control of @entity410 as the @entity1 grows; (c) a localized developmental @entity75 in a @entity1 with intractable @entity410 should not necessarily lead to cortical resection; and (d) when a @entity1 meets developmental milestones, it may be appropriate to delay surgical intervention.

title: Surgery for the treatment of medically intractable XXXX : a cautionary case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormality']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['Hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 misuse is a growing public health concern for older adults, particularly among primary care @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To determine @entity167 consumption patterns and the characteristics associated with at-risk drinking in a large sample of elderly primary care @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of multisite screening data from 6 VA Medical Centers, 2 hospital-based health care networks, and 3 Community Health Centers. @entity1 : @entity1 , 43,606, aged 65 to 103 years, with scheduled primary care appointments were approached for screening; 27,714 (63.6%) consented to be screened. The final sample of @entity1 with completed screens comprised 24,863 @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Quantity and frequency of @entity167 use, demographics, social support measures, and measures of @entity308 / @entity148 . RESULTS: Of the 24,863 older adults screened, 70.0% reported no consumption of @entity167 in the past year, 21.5% were moderate drinkers (1-7 drinks/week), 4.1% were at-risk drinkers (8-14 drinks/week), and 4.5% were heavy (>14 drinks/week) or binge drinkers. Heavy drinking showed significant positive association with @entity308 [Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.79 (1.30, 2.45)] and less social support [OR (95% CI): 2.01 (1.14, 2.56)]. Heavy drinking combined with binging was similarly positively associated with @entity308 [OR (95%): 1.70 (1.33, 2.17)] and perceived poor health [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.03, 1.57)], while at-risk drinking was not associated with any of these variables. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 were nondrinkers; among @entity167 users, at-risk drinkers did not differ significantly from moderate drinkers in their characteristics or for the 3 health parameters evaluated. In contrast, heavy drinking was associated with @entity308 and @entity148 and less social support, and heavy drinking combined with binge drinking was associated with @entity308 and perceived poor health.

title: XXXX consumption among older adults in primary care.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive/anxiety symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report phenotypic characteristics including macular cone photoreceptor morphology in @entity39362 -related " @entity6121 with supernormal rod electroretinogram" (CDSR). METHODS: Seven @entity1 , aged 9 to 18 years at last visit, with characteristic full-field electroretinographic (ERG) features of CDSR were screened for mutations in the @entity39362 gene. All @entity1 underwent detailed ophthalmological evaluation, which included distance and color vision testing, contrast sensitivity measurement, fundus photography, @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) imaging, and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Follow-up visits were available in six cases. Rod photoreceptor function was assessed using a bright white flash ERG protocol (240 cd  s/m(2)). Macular cone photoreceptor morphology was assessed from 2   by 2   zonal images obtained using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in six cases. RESULTS: Pathogenic mutations in @entity39362 were identified in all seven cases. Best corrected vision was 20/125 or worse in all cases at the latest visit (20/125-20/400). @entity1018 was progressive in two cases. Color vision and contrast sensitivity was abnormal in all cases. Retinal exam revealed minimal pigment epithelial changes at the fovea in four cases. A peri- or parafoveal ring of hyperfluorescence was the most common @entity3217 abnormality noted (five cases). The SD-OCT showed outer @entity989 in all cases. The rod photoreceptor maximal response was reduced but rod sensitivity was normal. AOSLO showed markedly reduced cone density in all six @entity1 tested. CONCLUSIONS: Central vision parameters progressively worsen in CDSR. @entity989 are commonly present. Macular cone photoreceptor mosaic is markedly disrupted early in the disease.

title: Phenotypic characteristics including in vivo cone photoreceptor mosaic in @entity39362 -related " XXXX with supernormal rod electroretinogram".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['Vision loss']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity6121 :: ('MESH:C566719', 'Disease') :: ['cone dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Structural retinal and lipofuscin accumulation abnormalities', 'retinal abnormalities']

answer: @entity6121 :: (MESH:C566719,Disease) :: ['cone dystrophy']


abstract: The combination of @entity2600 and bevacizumab has shown efficacy in the treatment of recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). A prospective, phase II study of 85 @entity1 with various recurrent @entity1313 was carried out. Primary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and response rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent primary @entity1313 with performance status 0-2 were eligible. Intravenous bevacizumab 10 mg/kg and @entity2600 125/340 mg/m(2) were administered every 14 days. Evaluation was carried out every eight weeks using MRI and Macdonald response criteria. Treatment was continued until progression. RESULTS: In total 85 @entity1 were included with the following histologies: @entity463 (n = 32), @entity11 WHO gr. III (n = 33), @entity11 WHO gr. II (n = 12) and others (n = 8). @entity1 received a median of four cycles. ORR (overall response rate) for @entity463 was 25% and 59% achieved @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Median PFS was 5.2 months. For grade III @entity11 ORR was 21% and 45% had @entity66 . Median PFS was 3.7 months. No objective responses occurred in grade II @entity11 . In the non- @entity11 population, one PR as well as several long PFS times were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The combination of bevacizumab and @entity2600 is well tolerated and moderately efficacious in @entity463 and @entity11 WHO gr. III. A majority of @entity1 achieve at least disease stabilization. Prolonged progression-free survival in non- @entity11 @entity1 warrants further research.

title: A phase II trial with bevacizumab and @entity2600 for @entity1 with primary XXXX and progression after standard therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether lumbar punctures (LPs) should be performed routinely for term newborns suspected of having early onset @entity295 (EONS) is subject to debate. It is unclear whether variations in performance of LPs for EONS may be associated with @entity1 , hospital, insurance or regional factors. Our objective was to identify characteristics associated with the practice of performing LPs for suspected EONS in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2003, 2006 and 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) compiled by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we examined the frequency and characteristics of term, normal-birth weight newborns receiving an LP for EONS. Survey-weighting was applied for national estimates and used in chi squared and multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS: In 2009, there were 13,694 discharges for term newborns that underwent LPs for apparent EONS. Newborns having LPs performed were more likely to be covered by Medicaid vs. private insurance (51.9 vs. 45.1 percent; p < 0.001), be born in urban vs. rural hospitals (94.8 vs. 87.3 percent; p < 0.001), teaching vs. non-teaching (60.8 vs. 43.1 percent; p < 0.001) and @entity1 's hospitals vs. non- @entity1 's (23.0 vs. 11.2 percent; p < 0.001). Lastly, newborns having LPs performed were disproportionately born in the Northeast census region (p = 0.03). In multi-year adjusted analysis, @entity1 with Medicaid coverage, and those born in urban or teaching hospitals, consistently had higher odds of having an LP performed. CONCLUSIONS: We found pronounced variation in LPs performed for EONS, even when adjusting for clinical conditions that would prompt LPs. These findings indicate practice variations in newborn care that merit further examination and explanation.

title: Variation in lumbar punctures for early onset XXXX : a nationally representative serial cross-sectional analysis, 2003-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['neonatal sepsis']


abstract: Octreotide and @entity2239 have demonstrated @entity5 . @entity22798 is a @entity1943 analog with binding affinity to a broader range of @entity1943 receptor subtypes than @entity2390 . We performed a phase I study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of combining @entity22798 with @entity2239 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Cohorts of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were treated with escalating doses of @entity22798 (600-1200  g s.c. b.i.d., followed by @entity22798 LAR 40-60 mg i.m. monthly) and @entity2239 (5-10 mg daily). Twenty-one @entity1 were treated. Dose-limiting @entity137 consisting of grade 3 rash and grade 3 @entity294 were observed. Twelve @entity1 were safely treated at the maximum protocol-defined dose level of @entity22798 LAR 60 mg i.m. monthly and @entity2239 10 mg daily. @entity4854 was common; other observed @entity137 were consistent with the known @entity137 of either agent alone. Partial @entity5 response was observed in one @entity1 ; 17 (81%) @entity1 experienced at least some @entity5 regression as their best response to therapy. In conclusion, @entity22798 LAR 60 mg i.m. monthly in combination with @entity2239 10 mg daily is feasible and associated with preliminary evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Further studies evaluating this combination are warranted.

title: Phase I study of @entity22798 ( @entity22798 ) and @entity2239 ( @entity2239 ) in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'efficacy in neuroendocrine tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['Pasireotide', 'pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: The role of surgery in the treatment of extracranial @entity66 is essentially a prophylactic one but it should be borne in mind that apart from preventing @entity64 , such procedures will or should eliminate symptoms. The authors believe that every @entity1 suffering from @entity1504 should be thoroughly evaluated for extracranial @entity432 and that arteriograms should be performed on all @entity1 who could be expected to be candidates for surgery. The various indications for surgery have been discussed. The authors believe that @entity1 who have severe @entity66 and who are of an advanced age are probably in a higher risk group. They also believe that surgery should not be offered to @entity1 who have a complete @entity64 and who are in semi- @entity772 or @entity772 , no matter how rapidly they may be transferred to the operating theatre. The authors firmly believe that intra-operative E.E.G. monitoring is an important adjunct to the safe surgical treatment of lesions of the carotid bifurcation, not only to indicate when shunting is necessary but also to indicate how well that shunt is functioning. In spite of the frequent presence of associated @entity299 , @entity101 and other @entity455 , operation can be offered with confidence to suitable candidates. Elimination of symptoms can be expected in over 90% of cases. Only one @entity1 has suffered a @entity64 since leaving hospital and this occurred because of occlusion in his internal carotid artery which was not operated on. Apart from @entity1 selection, the factors which have contributed to the authors' low morbidity and mortality have been the use of intra-operative E.E.G. monitoring, intra-operative heparinisation and the availability of excellent angiographic studies.

title: The surgical management of extracranial XXXX : a review of 200 consecutive surgical cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disease', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular occlusive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular occlusive disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurological manifestations in @entity779 occur in  <1  % of the @entity1 and known to be due to multisystem dysfunction secondary to @entity455 . Occurrence of wide spread @entity1779 with @entity3439 during the leakage phase without profound @entity882 and occurrence of @entity6659 are extremely rare and had not been reported in published literature earlier, thus we report the first case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24  year old previously healthy lady was admitted on third day of fever with @entity882 . Critical phase started on fifth day with evidence of @entity1143 and moderate @entity843 . Thirty one hours into critical phase she developed @entity10 , altered level of consciousness, @entity2003 and @entity1576 without definite @entity410 . Non-contrast CT brain done at tertiary care level revealed @entity932 and sub @entity548 in right frontal, parietal, occipital lobes and brainstem, @entity4 with an acute @entity3439 in right temporo- parietal region. Her platelet count was 40,000 at this time with signs of @entity455 . She was intubated and ventilated with supportive care. Later on she developed features of @entity6659 and it responded to intranasal @entity7062 therapy. In spite of above measures signs of @entity3976 developed and she succumbed to the illness on day 8. @entity779 was confirmed serologically. CONCLUSIONS: Exact pathophysiological mechanism of @entity1779 without profound @entity882 is not well understood. Increased awareness and high degree of clinical suspicion is needed among clinicians for timely diagnosis of this extremely rare complication of @entity779 . We postulate that immunological mechanisms may play a role in pathogenesis. However further comprehensive research and studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this complication.

title: @entity779 with @entity1779 , XXXX and @entity6659 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['limb rigidity']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intracranial haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['cranial diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem herniation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue', 'dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhages', 'diffuse cerebral haemorrhages']

answer: @entity3439 :: (MESH:D006408,Disease) :: ['subdural hematoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The growth potential of low-grade @entity263 is unknown, yet potentially impactful for the practice of @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). We evaluated the incidence, growth dynamics and clinical significance of changes in prostate lesions on serial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging among a large cohort of @entity1 with PCa managed with @entity3457 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included @entity1 with PCa managed with @entity3457 at the University of California, San Francisco from 2000 to 2014 who received a minimum of two TRUS studies. Inclusion criteria were prostate-specific antigen (PSA)  <= 20, clinical stage <= T2 and biopsy Gleason grade  <= 3+4. Progression endpoints included increase in imaging stage, >=  50% increase in volume, and increase in number of sites (sextants) with apparent lesions. The relationship between TRUS progression and biopsy Gleason upgrade was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 875 identified @entity1 the median number of TRUS studies was 5 (IQR 3-8), median follow up was 49 months (IQR 27-81). 345 (39%) @entity1 progressed on serial TRUS imaging, including 51 by size, 265 by number of lesion sites and 279 by stage (median time to progression: 14 months). TRUS progression was independently associated with biopsy upgrade (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.3-2.5, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TRUS Local progression was associated with Gleason upgrade at biopsy. These results suggest that stable imaging findings on TRUS may allow for increased intervals between biopsy among @entity1 on @entity3457 . A prospective study is required to evaluate the utility of such a practice.

title: Serial Anatomic Prostate Ultrasound Imaging During XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving results in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) will require the development of new drugs and strategies to combine available agents. On the basis of data indicating the activity of @entity1205 as second-line therapy, a Phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the sequential combination of chemotherapy consisting of @entity900 (P) and @entity136 (G) followed by @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1 with 1997 TNM stage IIIB ( @entity1143 )/stage IV @entity1149 , performance status (PS) of 0-1, and normal organ function were eligible. Therapy consisted of P at 75 mg/m(2) on Day 1 and G 1200 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks for 3 cycles followed, in nonprogressive @entity1 , by @entity4420 30 mg/m(2) every week for 6 consecutive weeks every 8 weeks for 2 cycles. RESULTS: Fifty-two eligible @entity1 were enrolled (M/F, 39/13; stage IIIB/IV, 8/44; PS 0, 73%, @entity13769 , 27%; median age, 58 years; range, 36-73). The overall response rate was 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23-49). The median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI: 9-13); the median progression-free survival was 6 months (95% CI: 5-7); and the 1- and 2-year survivals were 48% and 25%, respectively. One- and 2-year progression-free survivals were 12% and 8%, respectively. Both phases of the treatment protocol were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: P/G followed by weekly @entity4420 is well tolerated and active as first-line therapy for @entity1149 @entity1 and provides a feasible chemotherapeutic option in this clinical setting.

title: Sequential chemotherapy in @entity1149 : XXXX and @entity136 followed by @entity1205 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We measured kidney volume using software and investigated the relationship between kidney volume and renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age, gender, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area and serum @entity1011 were recorded for 539 normal individuals. A tissue segmentation tool program was used to measure kidney volume from computerized tomography images. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and an abbreviated modification of diet in @entity8 equation. We looked for correlations of renal parenchymal volume with age and anthropometric measurements. We also tested for a correlation between kidney volume and renal function using the glomerular filtration rate according to the Cockcroft-Gault and modification of diet in @entity8 equations. RESULTS: Mean kidney volume in all @entity1 was 261.3    58.1 ml. Mean volume in @entity1 was approximately 14 ml greater than in @entity1 (266.1 vs 251.8 ml, p = 0.004). Kidney volume correlated significantly with height (r = 0.344, p <0.001), body weight (r = 0.343, p <0.001), body mass index (r = 0.177, p <0.001), body surface area (r = 0.371, p <0.001) and age (r = -0.418, p <0.001). Kidney volume also correlated with the glomerular filtration rate according to the Cockcroft-Gault and modification of diet in @entity8 equations (p <0.001, r = 0.615 and p <0.001, r = 0.432, respectively). Kidney volume and the glomerular filtration rate decreased in parallel with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney volume correlates well with renal function and anthropometric measurements. Knowledge of these relationships will be valuable in clinical urology and nephrology.

title: XXXX , renal function and age.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Relationship among total kidney volume']


abstract: @entity421 and @entity2828 are the two most common primary @entity3478 , and findings of prognostic factors are important for clinicians to decide treatment options. High @entity876 expression has been implicated in @entity5 development and progression, but studies investigating the prognostic role of @entity876 overexpression in @entity3478 report conflicting findings. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between @entity876 overexpression and the survival of @entity3478 . A meta-analysis of 13 studies with a total of 703 @entity1 was carried out to evaluate the association between @entity876 overexpression and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) in @entity1 with @entity3478 . The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size estimate. There was no between-study heterogeneity in both @entity1349 studies (I (2) = 0.0 %) and DFS studies (I(2) = 0.0 %). Overall, high @entity876 expression predicted both poor @entity1349 (HR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.81-2.52, P < 0.001) and poor DFS (HR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.58-2.69, P < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity3478 . Subgroup analyses by @entity5 types suggested that @entity876 expression predicted poor @entity1349 in both @entity421 @entity1 (HR 2.15, 95 % CI 1.78-2.60, I (2) = 15.2 %, P < 0.001) and @entity2828 @entity1 (HR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.47-2.97, I(2) = 0.0 %, P < 0.001). Besides, @entity876 expression also predicted poor DFS in both @entity421 @entity1 (HR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.60-3.52, I(2) = 0.0 %, P < 0.001) and @entity2828 @entity1 (HR 1.83, 95 % CI 1.28-2.63, I(2) = 0.0 %, P = 0.001). Egger's test also did not suggest evidence for publication bias in both @entity1349 studies (P = 0.615) and DFS studies (P = 0.258). High @entity876 expression indicates a poorer prognosis for @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity2828 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity876 expression in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['malignant bone tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first episode of an illness may respond differently to any treatment compared to multiple episodes of the same illness. This study details the treatment response of six first-episode @entity162 @entity1 who participated in a previously reported study of 139 subjects comparing @entity1037 to placebo in @entity162 mania (Tohen M, Sanger TM, McElroy SL, @entity1120 , Chengappa KNR, Daniel DG. @entity1037 versus placebo in the treatment of @entity697 . Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 702-709). METHODS: Six first-episode subjects participated in a 3-week double-blind, random assignment, parallel group, placebo-controlled study of @entity1037 for @entity162 . The Young Mania Rating Scale (Y- @entity7748 ), Clinical Global Impression, and Hamilton @entity308 ratings were administered weekly. @entity2934 as rescue medication was permitted for the first 10 days. RESULTS: Five subjects were randomized to placebo and one to @entity1037 . Two subjects (40%) with @entity716 (who also had their first-illness episode) were assigned to placebo and responded with greater than 50% reduction in the Y- @entity7748 score and also remitted in 3 weeks. Another placebo-assigned subject had a 46% reduction in the Y- @entity7748 scores, and two placebo-assigned subjects worsened. The @entity1037 -assigned subject had a 44% reduction in the Y- @entity7748 score. In contrast, 34 of 69 (48.6%) multiple-episode @entity1037 subjects responded and 14 of 61 (23.0%) of placebo-treated subjects did. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary data set suggest there may be differences in treatment response between first-illness episode versus multi-episode bipolar @entity162 subjects. Larger numbers of subjects with these illness characteristics are needed to either confirm or refute this suggestion.

title: Response to placebo among XXXX @entity1 experiencing their first @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar mania']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Tollefson GD']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mania']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorazepam']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: Topical beta-blockers reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) by blockade of sympathetic nerve endings in the ciliary epithelium causing a fall in aqueous humour production. Two types of topical beta-blockers are available for use in @entity726 : nonselective, which block both @entity10712 -adrenoceptors; and cardioselective, which block only @entity8652 -receptors. Of the beta-Blockers commercially available, @entity6839 , @entity8412 , @entity20542 and @entity18632 are nonselective, and @entity9004 is cardioselective. Twice-daily @entity6839 is probably the most effective agent in lowering IOP, although @entity8412 is equally effective and can be used once daily with little difference in effect. @entity18632 is used twice daily and any theoretical advantage in diminished side effects conferred by its partial beta-agonist activity compared with @entity6839 has not been fully substantiated. @entity20542 is effective twice daily and does not have partial beta-agonist activity. @entity9004 has an effect comparable to @entity6839 in lowering IOP, but is less effective in some @entity1 . beta-Blockers can be used with other antiglaucoma medications, but their combined action with @entity1425 ( @entity1425 ) is suspect, particularly in the case of the nonselective beta-blockers, and the effect should be assessed in @entity1 on an individual basis. Local stinging can be a problem in some @entity1 with @entity9004 . The most serious side effects of beta-blockers are the exacerbation of @entity1030 with nonselective agents and the precipitation of @entity5143 in some @entity1 . @entity9004 seems relatively free of adverse respiratory effects, although this may be dose-related and extreme caution should still be exercised in @entity1 with any history of @entity1576 . Because of the lower risk of precipitating side effects, @entity9004 is probably the beta-blocker of first choice for use in @entity726 ; @entity6839 or @entity8412 are reserved for @entity1 who do not respond satisfactorily to @entity9004 and are quite free of @entity1576 .

title: Ocular beta-blockers in XXXX management. Clinical pharmacological aspects.

entities_list: @entity8412 :: ('MESH:D002040', 'Chemical') :: ['levobunolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity18632 :: ('MESH:D002354', 'Chemical') :: ['carteolol', 'Carteolol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive airways disease']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity20542 :: ('MESH:D014290', 'Chemical') :: ['metipranolol', 'Metipranolol']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol', 'Betaxolol']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Migration, population mobility, and sex work continue to drive sexually transmitted epidemics in India. Yet interventions targeting high incidence networks are rarely implemented at sufficient scale to have impact. India @entity791 Initiative (Avahan), funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is scaling up interventions with sex workers (SWs) and other high risk populations in India's six highest @entity645 prevalence states. METHODS: Avahan resources are channelled through state level partners (SLPs) to local level non-governmental organisations (NGOs) who organise outreach, community mobilisation, and dedicated clinics for SWs. These clinics provide services for @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) including Condom Promotion, syndromic case management, regular check-ups, and treatment of @entity4092 . SWs take an active role in service delivery. STI capacity building support functions on three levels. A central capacity building team developed guidelines and standards, trains state level STI coordinators, monitors outcomes, and conducts operations research. Standards are documented in an Avahan-wide manual. State level STI coordinators train NGO clinic staff and conduct supervision of clinics based on these standards and related quality monitoring tools. Clinic and outreach staff report on indicators that guide additional capacity building inputs. RESULTS: In 2 years, clinics with community outreach for SWs have been established in 274 settings covering 77 districts. Mapping and size estimation have identified 187,000 SWs. In a subset of four large states covered by six SLPs (183,000 estimated SWs, 65 districts), 128,326 (70%) of the SWs have been contacted through peer outreach and 74,265 (41%) have attended the clinic at least once. A total of 127,630 clinic visits have been reported, an increasing proportion for recommended routine check ups. Supervision and monitoring facilitate standardisation of services across sites. CONCLUSION: Targeted @entity645 /STI interventions can be brought to scale and standardised given adequate capacity building support. Intervention coverage, service utilisation, and quality are key parameters that should be monitored and progressively improved with active involvement of SWs themselves.

title: Pursuing scale and quality in STI interventions with sex workers: initial results from Avahan India XXXX Initiative.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections', 'STIs']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic infections']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The International Agency for Research on @entity5 has coordinated a worldwide study of childhood @entity5 incidence, with data provided by contributors from over 50 countries. We present here the results on @entity706 from this study and other sources. @entity978 had a relatively high incidence in North Africa and West Asia and a low incidence throughout East Asia. In populations of predominantly European origin, the highest rates tended to be in warmer countries of lower latitude. In industrialised Western countries, the incidence increased steeply with age and was low in childhood compared with that in young adults whereas elsewhere the increase in incidence between childhood and adults aged 20-34 was much less marked. The age-distribution of @entity978 in childhood appears to be related to levels of socio-economic development but the total incidence seems to be determined more by ethnic and environmental factors. The highest incidence of @entity2109 occurred in tropical Africa and Papua New Guinea. Elsewhere, @entity2109 was rare, though the incidence was higher in Spain, North Africa and the Middle East than in other areas. In most Western countries, a third of all @entity1893 may be Burkitt's. There was no consistent pattern in the incidence of other @entity1893 except for a tendency towards higher rates around the Mediterranean and in some Latin American registries.

title: International variations in the incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['childhood lymphomas']


abstract: Deep @entity46 is a disease which may involve all organs of the pelvis. The lesion is most often located at the backside of the uterus, involving the uterosacral ligaments and/or the rectovaginal septum. The involvement of adjacent organs, e.g. bowel, ureter, and bladder, makes an interdisciplinary approach necessary. There is a correlation between the radicalness of @entity46 resection and the postoperative improvement of complaints. In a series of 202 @entity1 with deep @entity46 including the bowel we performed a segmental resection with anterior @entity254 including radical excision of all endometriotic lesions. The follow-up of 142 @entity1 shows a significant improvement of pelvic @entity158 (96%), @entity1142 (88%), and @entity546 (87%). Of 95 @entity1 with a desire for @entity1 , 50% became pregnant. The postoperative complication rate was low. A leakage of @entity254 was seen in six cases (3%).

title: Deep XXXX , including intestinal involvement--the interdisciplinary approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Mixed mesodermal @entity43 is a rare clinical entity. To review the epidemiology, prognostic factors, and treatment results related to primary @entity43 at our center, a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 referred for @entity43 was carried out from 1974 to 1994. Cases with confirmed pathologic diagnosis of primary mixed mesodermal @entity43 were selected, forming the present study group. Thirty-six charts were identified. The median age at presentation was 67.5 years. Findings at laparotomy demonstrated extraovarian metastasis in 33/35 @entity1 . Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy +/- omentectomy were performed in 34 @entity1 , with 22 @entity1 left with macroscopic @entity66 after surgery. Follow-up adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of @entity900 and @entity632 was administered to 29/36 @entity1 . Follow-ups ranged from 1 to 11 years with a median of 2 years. As with @entity43 , @entity66 after initial surgery is an important prognostic factor. Thirteen @entity1 had a second-look laparotomy. Five @entity1 were positive for disease. Eight @entity1 , one of whom recurred, were histologically negative. The @entity1 with positive second-look findings, as well as all those who recurred clinically, subsequently died within 12 months despite trials with different second-line chemotherapeutic agents. Survival analysis showed a median survival of 3 years among @entity1 treated with combination cytotoxic chemotherapy. Primary @entity43 make up about 2-3% of all @entity43 cases seen in our center. These are often very aggressive @entity5 with widespread metastasis at the time of presentation, making optimal @entity5 debulking difficult. The combination of @entity900 and @entity632 appears to have activity resulting in a survival of 35% at 5 years. Second-look surgery offers little helpful information on the management of these @entity5 .

title: Malignant mixed mesodermal XXXX treatment and prognosis: a 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian sarcomas', 'ovarian cancer', 'sarcoma of the ovary', 'ovarian sarcoma', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumor']


abstract: @entity2526 and @entity85 play a key role on future development of motor and adaptive functions in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). Lateral migration of the femoral head increases on average 7.7% per year and may progress in association with @entity7195 to @entity572 . Conservative preservation of muscle length and balance may prevent or reduce femoral head migration and @entity7195 . Equipment for position lying, sitting, and standing is an established method of maintaining muscle length and joint range. French approach (Le M  tayer et al) include the use of customised plaster cast orthoses, for sitting and standing positions, called si  ge moul   and goutti  re, tailor-made according to the @entity1 's muscolo-skeletal characteristics and motor abilities. At our department, hips with clinical and radiological evidence of displacement unresponsive to pharmacological and surgical treatment were treated with postural management. The two cases we show in this paper underwent a physiotherapy programme (neurodevelopment treatment) twice a week and a seated postural programme 5 hours a day with the si  ge moul  . Hip radiographs were measured with the @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ) described by Reimers. The follow-up measurements showed a progressive reduction of @entity4222 values of the hip treated, confirming the significant benefit from the combined non surgical approach. The study supports the evidence that conservative management of @entity85 with si  ge moul   can be successful if implemented before the development of @entity572 .

title: "Postural Management" to prevent @entity572 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'migration percentage']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Muscolo-skeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['hip deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']