abstract: The @entity1 brain is believed to simplify the control of the large number of muscles in the body by flexibly combining muscle coordination patterns, termed @entity121 . However, the neural connectivity allowing the @entity1 brain to access and coordinate @entity121 to accomplish functional tasks remains unknown. Here, we use a surprising pair of synergists in @entity1 , the @entity1795 ( @entity1795 , a toe flexor) and the anal sphincter, as a model that we show to be well suited in elucidating the neural connectivity underlying muscle synergy control. First, using electromyographic recordings, we demonstrate that @entity2472 is associated with synergistic anal sphincter contraction, but voluntary anal sphincter contraction occurs without @entity1795 contraction. Second, using fMRI, we show that two important medial wall motor cortical regions emerge in relation to these tasks: one located more posteriorly that preferentially activates during @entity2472 and one located more anteriorly that activates during both @entity2472 as well as voluntary anal sphincter contraction. Third, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we demonstrate that the anterior region is more likely to generate anal sphincter contraction than @entity1795 contraction. Finally, using a repository resting-state fMRI dataset, we demonstrate that the anterior and posterior motor cortical regions have significantly different functional connectivity with distinct and distant brain regions. We conclude that specific motor cortical regions in @entity1 provide access to different @entity121 , which may allow distinct brain networks to coordinate @entity121 during functional tasks. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: How the @entity1 nervous system coordinates activity in a large number of muscles is a fundamental question. The brain and spinal cord are believed to simplify the control of muscles by grouping them into functional units called @entity121 . Motor cortex is involved in activating @entity121 ; however, the motor cortical connections that regulate muscle synergy activation are unknown. Here, we studied pelvic floor @entity121 to elucidate these connections in @entity1 . Our experiments confirmed that distinct motor cortical regions activate different @entity121 . These regions have different connectivity to distinct brain networks. Our results are an important step forward in understanding the cortical control of @entity1 muscles synergies, and may also have important clinical implications for understanding @entity717 .

title: Brain Connectivity Associated with Muscle Synergies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle synergies']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['FHL', 'flexor hallucis longus']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary FHL contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: To investigate the efficacy of intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy on @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ), fifteen @entity1 with severe @entity6875 were treated with large dose intravenous @entity1667 (at a daily dosage of 1 g for 3 successive days). This treatment was repeated 3-5 times for 3-5 weeks. They were monitored before, 2 weeks after and 6 months after therapy by ophthalmological assessment, orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and by measuring serum antibodies to @entity35 eye muscle (EMAB) in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. @entity892 and periorbital @entity4 markedly improved after treatment in 9 @entity1 . Mean proptosis values and intraocular pressure measurements significantly decreased after pulse therapy. In 12 @entity1 enlarged eye muscles significantly reduced in size after treatment, as determined by MRI. The overall @entity6875 index was improved from 4.8 +/- 2.4 to 2.5 +/- 1.6 at the end of pulse therapy (P < 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 1.5 six months after therapy (P < 0.01). Serum EMAB were detected in 8 out of 10 @entity1 tested and their level significantly decreased after pulse therapy (from 3.3 +/- 1.4 to 2.5 +/- 1.2, P < 0.01). A significant increase in peripheral blood CD4+CD45RA+ cells was observed after pulse therapy. Increased numbers of CD11-CD8+ cells and decreased numbers of CD11+CD8++ cells were found prior to treatment and were normalized after pulse therapy. Our study indicates that @entity1667 pulse therapy can be considered as a choice for the treatment of @entity6875 . The improvement in eye muscle involvement in these @entity1 may be due to the effects of infused @entity1667 on both humoral and cellular immune functions.

title: Intravenous XXXX pulse therapy for @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy', "Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficiency of conventional monopolar and holmium laser en bloc transurethral resection of @entity150 (CM-TURBT and HoL-EBRBT) while managing primary nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2012 to October 2015, fifty @entity1 with primary nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 underwent endoscopic surgery. Among them, 27 @entity1 underwent CM-TURBT and 23 @entity1 underwent HoL-EBRBT. Clinical data, included preoperative, operative, and postoperative management and follow-up, were recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 demographics and @entity5 characteristics in both groups were compared before surgery. There was no significant difference in operative duration among the groups. Compared with the CM-TURBT group, HoL-EBRBT group had less intraoperative and @entity260 , including obturator nerve reflex (P < 0.01), @entity1494 (P < 0.01), as well as @entity548 and postoperative @entity1494 (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences among the two groups in the transfusion rate and occurrence of @entity3832 . @entity1 in the HoL-EBRBT group had less catheterization and hospitalization time than those in the CM-TURBT group (P < 0.01), and there were no significant differences in each risk subgroup as well as the overall recurrence rate among the CM-TURBT and HoL-EBRBT groups. CONCLUSIONS: HoL-EBRBT might prove to be preferable alternatives to CM-TURBT management of nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 . HoL-EBRBT however did not demonstrate an obvious advantage over CM-TURBT in @entity5 recurrence rate.

title: Holmium laser transurethral resection of XXXX : Our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation', 'bladder irritation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: This paper reports in detail, for the first time, on two anesthetic procedures performed on a 15-yr-old, 530 kg, adult male @entity22607 ( @entity22607 ). The anesthetic procedures were carried out in order to perform semen collection via electro-ejaculation, using well-established methods, and in order to examine and sample bilateral corneal opacities. Anesthesia for the first procedure was induced with a combination of 5 mg (0.0094 mg/kg) @entity12691 and 5 mg (0.0094 mg/kg) @entity4931 administered intramuscularly. Subsequently, 0.74 mg (0.0014 mg/kg) @entity7240 and 3 mg (0.0057 mg/kg) @entity11988 , with an additional 1.5 mg @entity12691 (0.0028 mg/kg) and 1.5 mg (0.0028 mg/kg) @entity4931 , were administered intramuscularly. The second procedure was carried out using an intramuscular combination of @entity12691 (0.019 mg/kg) and @entity4931 (0.019 mg/kg), followed by @entity7240 (0.0023 mg/kg) and @entity11988 (0.009 mg/ kg). During the second procedure, the depth of anesthesia was managed with very small, supplemental intravenous doses of 50 mg @entity3652 (0.094 mg/kg). Sequential arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated @entity12906 with @entity519 . Heart rate and respiratory rate ranged between 60-74 beats per minute (bpm), and 10-20 breaths per minute, respectively. Reversal after 100 min, with the intravenous administration of 150 mg (0.28 mg/kg) @entity836 and intravenous 20 mg (0.038 mg/kg) @entity22571 , was uneventful and rapid, with the animal standing after 2 min. This combination provides satisfactory general anesthesia in this critically endangered species and will facilitate veterinary management of this species in captivity.

title: Immobilization and intravenous anesthesia in a @entity22607 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'butorphanol tartrate']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity7240 :: ('MESH:D005048', 'Chemical') :: ['etorphine']

entities_list: @entity4931 :: ('MESH:C041255', 'Chemical') :: ['detomidine', 'detomidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

entities_list: @entity22607 :: ('89632', 'Species') :: ['Dicerorhinus sumatrensis', 'Sumatran rhinoceros']

answer: @entity22607 :: (89632,Species) :: ['Dicerorhinus sumatrensis']


abstract: The offspring of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) @entity1 are at particularly high risk for developing @entity301 . @entity409 is present in the majority of @entity301 and @entity731 @entity1 . Fish oil, rich in n-3 @entity1718 has been shown to augment endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in @entity1 peripheral and coronary arteries. The aims of this study are to investigate presence of @entity409 determined by the brachial flow-mediated diameter, @entity842 , plasma lipids and @entity2002 , and the effect of high doses of fish oil on these parameters. Twenty-four healthy offspring of @entity301 @entity1 (study group) were supplemented with 9 g/day Alsepa fish oil (each gram containing 180 mg @entity8393 and 120 mg @entity4601 ), for a period of two weeks. Plasma @entity842 , urine @entity842 , fibrinogens and @entity450 ( @entity450 ) were determined prior to fish oil therapy, two weeks into therapy and four weeks after the end of therapy with fish oil. Twelve healthy subjects (control group) with no family history of @entity299 were studied as controls (day one only). The offspring had a lower increase in @entity450 and lower @entity842 production, compared with the control group. No other parameters varied between the two groups. The administration of fish oil did not result in any changes in the studied parameters. In healthy offspring of @entity301 @entity1 , early @entity409 was documented before evidence of @entity731 . Ingestion of fish oil over a 13-day period did not improve @entity409 .

title: Impaired @entity842 production, brachial artery reactivity and fish oil in offspring of @entity299 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity130 are rare. The purposes of this study were to (1) review institutional experience, (2) determine additive effect on death of associated @entity130 , and (3) correlate mortality rates with the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale (AAST-OIS) for @entity1317 . METHODS: This was a retrospective, 132-month study (January 1992 to December 2002) of @entity1 with @entity130 . RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were included in the study. Mean revised @entity130 score was 5.35+/-2.63; mean injury severity score was 25+/-12. The mechanism was penetrating in 12 (92%) and blunt in 1 (8%); 3 of 13 had Emergency Department thoracotomy (100% mortality rate). Treatment included ligation in 11 and primary repair in 1; 1 exsanguinated. Overall survival was 5 of 13 (38%). Adjusted survival excluding @entity1 who had Emergency Department thoracotomy was 5 of 10 @entity1 (50%). Those surviving with @entity130 included 57% of @entity1 . Mortality rate versus AAST-OIS was grade III, 43% (3 of 7 @entity1 ); grade IV, 50% (1 of 2 @entity1 ); and grade V, 100% (4 of 4 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 are rare. @entity1 with @entity130 have better survival rates. Mortality rate correlates well with AAST-OIS for @entity1317 .

title: Lessons learned in the management of thirteen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis injuries', 'Trauma-Organ Injury', 'vessel injuries', 'trauma', 'isolated injuries', 'Celiac axis injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['celiac axis injuries']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess bone status in 220 subjects with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) (146 @entity1 , mean age 53.0 +/- 13.9 years and 74 @entity1 , mean age 48.1 +/- 14.3 years). The duration of hemodialysis (durHD) and duration of @entity177 (durRI) were, in @entity1 , 2.6 +/- 3.8 years and 7.7 +/- 8.0 years, and, in @entity1 , 2.8 +/- 3.4 years and 9.1 +/- 7.6 years, respectively. @entity454 was caused by the following reasons: chronic @entity631 in 92 @entity1 , @entity6 in 52, chronic @entity2885 in 37, @entity8 in 19, @entity2783 in 5, @entity101 in 4 and unknown cause in 11. The control group consisted of 1615 normal healthy subjects (1216 @entity1 , mean age 48.1 +/- 12.1 years and 399 @entity1 , mean age 52.9 +/- 14.8 years). Mean age did not differ between @entity1 and controls. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (US) measurements at the hand phalanges using DBM 1200 (IGEA, Italy) which measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS, m/s). The mean value of Ad-SoS in male @entity1 was 1981 +/- 88 m/s, T-score -l2.03 +/- 1.26, Z-score -0.53 +/- 1.7 and, in female @entity1 , 1967 +/- 96 m/s, -2.23 +/- 1.37, -1.41 +/- 1.56, respectively. Respective values in male controls were 2008 +/- 81 m/s, -1.66 +/- 1.16, -0.01 +/- 0.98 and, in female controls, 2026 +/- 81 m/s, -1.4 +/- 1.15, -0.74 +/- 0.86, and were significantly higher than in male (p < 0.001) and female (p < 0.0000001) @entity1 . A correlation analysis of Ad-SoS with durHD and durRI showed that only in males did both factors significantly influence parameters measured (r = -0.26, p < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis of Ad-SoS on age, durHD, durRI, weight and height was possible to perform only in males and the following equation was established: Ad-SoS = 2545 m/s - 3.09 x age (years) - 5.68 x durHD (years) - 2.15 x height (cm) - 0.99 x durRI (years), p < 0.000001, r = 0.55, SEE = 69.6. Concluding, in subjects with @entity454 treated with hemodialysis, skeletal status assessed with the use of quantitative US was affected.

title: Quantitative ultrasound at hand phalanges in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal failure']


abstract: Amplification of the @entity4180 oncogene is detected in about 30% of untreated @entity521 . Amplification is associated with advanced stages of disease and rapid @entity5 progression. However, it was not known if the @entity4180 copy number was homogeneous in @entity5 tissue of an individual @entity1 , or if it changed with time in vivo. Therefore, we have made 66 observations on multiple simultaneous or consecutive @entity5 samples from 60 @entity1 with @entity521 . (a) Simultaneous samples were obtained from different areas of 31 @entity5 masses from 30 @entity1 : a similar @entity4180 copy number (1-2, 3-10, or greater than 10) was found in all samples from each @entity1 . (b) Simultaneous samples were obtained from different anatomical sites in ten @entity1 . No difference in @entity4180 copy number was seen. (c) Finally, 25 @entity1 had two or more @entity5 samples obtained over time. Thirteen @entity1 had a single copy of @entity4180 in all samples, and 12 had consistent levels of amplification in all samples. Two of the latter cases had single copy of @entity4180 in a second-look surgery sample, but no @entity5 was evident histologically. This study demonstrates that the @entity4180 copy number in @entity1 @entity521 is usually consistent within a @entity5 , not only at different @entity5 sites, but also at different times in vivo. Overall, these findings suggest that @entity4180 amplification is an intrinsic biological property of a subset of @entity521 , and if amplification is going to occur, it is generally present at the time of diagnosis.

title: Consistent @entity4180 copy number in simultaneous or consecutive XXXX samples from sixty individual @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Hippocampal @entity194 is frequently observed on magnetic resonance images from @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity1 with mild @entity73 . Even in asymptomatic elderly, a small hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging is a risk factor for developing @entity195 . However, not everyone with a small hippocampus develops @entity303 . With the increased interest in the use of sequential magnetic resonance images as potential surrogate biomarkers of the disease process, it has also been shown that the rate of @entity194 is higher in @entity1 with @entity195 compared to those with mild @entity73 and the healthy elderly. Whether a higher rate of @entity194 also predicts @entity195 or @entity73 in non-demented elderly is unknown. We examine these associations in a group of 518 elderly (age 60-90 years, 50% female), taken from the population-based Rotterdam Scan Study. A magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed at baseline in 1995-96 that was repeated in 1999-2000 (in 244 @entity1 ) and in 2006 (in 185 @entity1 ). Using automated segmentation procedures, we assessed hippocampal volumes on all magnetic resonance imaging scans. All @entity1 were free of @entity303 at baseline and followed over time for @entity73 and incident @entity303 . @entity1 had four repeated neuropsychological tests at the research centre over a 10-year period. We also continuously monitored the medical records of all 518 @entity1 for incident @entity303 . During a total follow-up of 4360 @entity1 -years, (mean 8.4, range 0.1-11.3), 50 @entity1 developed incident @entity303 (36 had @entity195 ). We found an increased risk to develop incident @entity303 per standard deviation faster rate of decline in hippocampal volume [left hippocampus 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.3, right hippocampus 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.1)]. Furthermore, decline in hippocampal volume predicted onset of clinical @entity303 when corrected for baseline hippocampal volume. In @entity1 who remained free of @entity303 during the whole follow-up period, we found that decline in hippocampal volume paralleled, and preceded, specific @entity2414 . No associations were found in this sample between rate of @entity194 , Mini Mental State Examination and tests of executive function. Our results suggest that rate of @entity194 is an early marker of incipient memory decline and @entity303 , and could be of additional value when compared with a single hippocampal volume measurement as a surrogate biomarker of @entity303 .

title: A 10-year follow-up of hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging in early @entity303 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'person', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'subtle cognitive decline', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['decline in delayed word recall']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: The effects of aging and of sustained @entity2587 activity on the heart in @entity1 aged >50 years are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation of the heart in @entity2587 and sedentary @entity1 aged <35 and >= 50 years. Echocardiograms recorded at rest and during submaximal exercise were analyzed in 59 @entity2587 seniors (S(ATH) group) and 16 sedentary seniors (S( @entity11736 ) group) (age >= 50 years) and in 18 @entity2587 youth (Y(ATH) group) and 27 sedentary youth (Y( @entity11736 ) group) (age <35 years). All subjects were healthy. The reproducibility of measurements was examined, and the echocardiographic characteristics were compared among the study groups. No differences were found in baseline characteristics between the Y(ATH) and Y( @entity11736 ) groups and between the S(ATH) and S( @entity11736 ) groups, except for their exercise routines, consisting of >8 hours of bicycling per week in the @entity2587 groups. Left ventricular mass was greater in the Y(ATH) than in the S(ATH) group (p <0.01) and greater in the S(ATH) than in the S( @entity11736 ) group (p <0.001). Likewise, left ventricular volumes were greater in the @entity2587 than in the sedentary groups (p <0.05), although they were smaller in the seniors than in youth (p <0.01). Left @entity64 was greater in the @entity2587 than in the sedentary groups (p <0.001); global longitudinal strain during exercise was -20.0    2.4% in the S(ATH) group and -22.1    2.1% in the Y(ATH) group, compared to -19.2    3.4% in the S( @entity11736 ) group and -20.2    2.4% in the Y( @entity11736 ) group (p <0.05, @entity2587 vs sedentary). The e' velocities recorded at the septal and lateral mitral annulus were higher at rest and during exercise (p <0.01) in the youth than in the senior groups. In conclusion, systolic and diastolic myocardial adaptation to regular exercise was significantly more prominent in young than in senior volunteers.

title: Comparison of the heart function adaptation in trained and sedentary XXXX after 50 and before 35 years of age.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke volume']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 by @entity5 . The mechanisms related to recurrence are unclear, specially the hemostatic alterations that occur during the development of the disease. Plasma D-dimer is a @entity49 and fibrinolytic system marker and is increased in @entity1 with various solid @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic status assessed by plasma D-dimer in operable @entity0 @entity1 and to investigate its value as a prognostic marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 32 @entity1 with operable @entity5282 -negative @entity0 and a control group with 43 healthy @entity1 . Variables included presence and absence of @entity0 , clinical and histopathology findings, and overall survival. RESULTS: Plasma D-dimer level was normal in the control group and significantly higher in @entity0 @entity1 (P = 0.001), as well as in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (P = 0.025). The results showed that plasma D-dimer levels were not correlated with clinical and histopathology findings (P > 0.213). CONCLUSIONS: The results taken together indicate the presence of a @entity49 state in @entity1 with operable @entity5282 -negative @entity0 given the increased levels of D-dimer in this group. Therefore, considering higher levels of D-dimer in @entity1 with a poor outcome, its evaluation may be a promising tool for prognosis in @entity1 with operable @entity5282 -negative @entity0 .

title: D-dimer as a possible prognostic marker of operable XXXX -negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity5282 :: (3164,Gene) :: ['hormone receptor']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a multisystemic @entity32 of unknown aetiology. Arterial involvement is uncommon but associated with important morbidity and mortality. We describe the clinical course of @entity195 with severe pulmonary artery involvement in a 19-year-old @entity1 . He presented with massive haemoptysis related to @entity438 . Initial treatment consisted in urgent right inferior lobectomy, corticosteroids and monthly intravenous @entity786 . Subsequently, he developed @entity715 at non-aneurysmatic sites. Corticosteroid therapy was intensified, monthly intravenous @entity786 was continued and an anticoagulant was added to the treatment with a favourable clinical and radiological response. Our case illustrates that timely initiation of highly potent immunosuppressive therapy is critical to obtain a favourable outcome. At present, a consensus regarding optimal management of vascular @entity195 is lacking. ALthough anticoagulation is not generally recommended, our report encourages a @entity1 -based decision after carefully tailoring potential risks and benefits.

title: Occurrence of @entity438 and XXXX in a young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery thrombosis']


abstract: Two genetic loci regulate hepatic @entity7007 ( @entity7007 ) mRNA levels in adult @entity19 . The raf locus controls basal levels and the Rif locus determines the degree of induction during liver regeneration. We have investigated the function of each locus during @entity10451 -mediated @entity7007 induction using adult female @entity19 with different Rif/raf genotypes. A single intraperitoneal injection of @entity10451 (0.5 mg/g body weight) resulted in significant @entity412 accumulation in hepatic parenchymal cells and increased @entity7007 synthesis 48-96 h following injection. Hepatic @entity7007 mRNA levels in Balb/cJ @entity19 (high basal level/high induction level during regeneration) were 10- to 30-fold higher than Balb/cCRBL or C3H/He @entity19 (low basal level/high induction level) following @entity10452 injection, indicating that raf-mediated differences persisted throughout the course of acute @entity10452 @entity4968 . The magnitude of this induction was similar to that seen during @entity4314 -induced regeneration. In contrast, C57BL/6 @entity19 (low basal level/low induction level during regeneration) contained hepatic @entity7007 mRNA levels similar to Balb/cCRBL and C3H/He @entity19 following @entity10452 injection. Thus, Rif-dependent differences seen during liver regeneration were not seen during acute @entity10452 @entity4968 . This leads us to conclude that (1) hepatic @entity7007 mRNA induction by @entity10452 may not be mediated by the Rif locus if Rif is a transcriptional inducer, or (2) if Rif is a transcriptional repressor, it is inactivated equally in all strains during acute @entity10452 @entity4968 , unlike during liver regeneration. Hepatic albumin mRNA levels were not affected by @entity10452 treatment in vivo. @entity10451 elevated @entity7007 mRNA levels in primary @entity19 hepatocyte cultures; however, @entity10452 treatment also increased albumin mRNA levels in vitro.

title: Genetic analysis of XXXX -mediated induction of @entity7007 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10452 :: ('MESH:D005001', 'Chemical') :: ['ethionine']

entities_list: @entity10451 :: ('CHEBI:4886', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ethionine', 'L-Ethionine']

answer: @entity10451 :: (CHEBI:4886,Chemical) :: ['L-ethionine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new transdermal delivery system for @entity3575 is available in two strengths: 70-80 and 90-100 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 (40- and 60-cm2 patches, respectively). Their short onset and 24-h drug delivery make them attractive for @entity282 control. METHODS: Both doses of the new transdermal @entity3575 patches were evaluated for the relief of @entity282 in 143 @entity1 after gynecologic exploratory laparotomy. The study was conducted at four centers using a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind format. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: group 1 @entity1 received two placebo patches: group 2 @entity1 received a 40-cm2 @entity3575 patch and a 60-cm2 placebo patch; and group 3 @entity1 received a 60-cm2 @entity3575 patch and a 40-cm2 placebo patch. @entity1 -controlled @entity1286 use and @entity158 , sedation, and comfort scores were assessed postoperatively every 4 h for 36 h after patch placement. RESULTS: @entity1 ' assessment of their analgesia was significantly (P < or = 0.05) better in group 2 at 16 and 24 h and in group 3 at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h postoperatively, compared with the @entity1 in group 1. @entity1 in groups 2 and 3 required less supplemental morphine to maintain satisfactory analgesia than did the @entity1 in group 1. @entity1 in groups 2 and 3 had greater incidences of @entity111 , erythema, and @entity1576 than did those receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Concern exists regarding the side effects of this this new transdermal @entity3575 patch. Therefore, this new patch will need further research before it can be recommended as an adjunct in controlling @entity282 .

title: XXXX control with a new transdermal @entity3575 delivery system. A multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: Immunoreactive insulin responses to a 20-g iv @entity413 challenge during a 7.5 mg/m2/min @entity11243 infusion were studied in 21 untreated noninsulin-dependent male diabetics. All data were analyzed by paired t tests. During the @entity11243 infusion, compared to the saline control period in the same subjects, @entity413 levels were lowered [217 +/- 17 vs. 196 +/- 16 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.005], and there was an increase in both first phase (2 +/- 1 vs. 16 +/- 4 micro U/ml; P less than 0.005) and second phase insulin responses (296 +/- 71 vs. 499 +/- 101 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05; n = 21). However, when the prestimulus @entity413 level was lowered by an insulin infusion (214 +/- 20 vs. 145 +/- 17 mg/dl; P less than 0.001), no effect on first phase insulin secretion was observed, and the second phase response decreased (290 +/- 78 vs. 124 +/ 55 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.005; n = 11; saline control vs. insulin infusion). In 8 subjects, the plasma @entity413 level during the @entity11243 infusion was kept constant by a concurrent variable @entity413 infusion. First phase insulin secretion was still increased, though no more than in studies were plasma @entity413 was not kept constant. However, there was further augmentation of the second phase response ( @entity11243 alone, 443 +/- 142 micro U. min/ml; @entity11243 plus @entity413 , 802 +/- 232 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that @entity11243 augments first phase insulin secretion in untreated diabetics independently of the prestimulus @entity413 level. However, changes in the @entity413 level significantly modulate the @entity4136 influence on the second phase insulin response to @entity413 . This effect of @entity413 level is an important consideration when evaluating the insulinotropic effects of a @entity4136 .

title: Differential effects of XXXX on first and second phase insulin secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

answer: @entity11243 :: (MESH:D014044,Chemical) :: ['tolbutamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) can colonize or cause @entity281 in high-risk @entity1 and contaminate the environment. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of VRE, the interventions made, and their impact on its control. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, non-comparative study by reviewing the charts of @entity1 with a VRE-positive culture in the University Hospital of Campinas State University, comprising 380 beds, 40 of which were in intensive care units (ICUs), who were admitted from February 2008-January 2009. Interventions were divided into educational activity, reviewing the workflow processes, engineering measures, and administrative procedures. RESULTS: There were 150 @entity1 , 139 (92.7%) colonized and 11 (7.3%) infected. Seventy-three percent were cared for in non-ICUs (p = 0.028). Infection was more frequent in @entity1 with a central-line (p = 0.043), mechanical ventilation (p = 0.013), urinary catheter (p = 0.049), or surgical drain (p = 0.049). @entity2176 , @entity868 , @entity2177 , and third-generation cephalosporin were previously used by 47 (31.3%), 31 (20.7%), 24 (16%), and 24 (16%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity204 was more frequent in infected (73%) than in colonized (17%) @entity1 (p < 0.001). After the interventions, the attack rate fell from 1.49 to 0.33 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Classical risk factors for VRE colonization or infection, e.g., being cared for in an ICU and previous use of @entity2176 , were not found in this study. The conjunction of an educational program, strict adhesion to contact precautions, and reinforcement of environmental cleaning were able to prevent the dissemination of VRE.

title: Successful prevention of the transmission of XXXX -resistant enterococci in a Brazilian public teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: Postmitochondrial and cytosolic polypeptides were extracted from @entity1 @entity0 and non-malignant breast tissue and analyzed using high resolution two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Approximately 800-1000 postmitochondrial and 600-800 @entity575 stained cytosolic polypeptides were detected over the pH range of 4.8 to 7.5 and molecular weight range of 18-120 kDa. The 2D-PAGE patterns of polypeptides from normal and malignant tissue were very similar, although both qualitative and quantitative polypeptide differences were noted. Six cytosolic polypeptides (pI/molecular weight X 10(-3) 5.20/80 kDa, 5.75/43, 6.25/40, 5.43/35, 5.45/34.5, 5.50/34 and 6.15/24 were expressed only in malignant tissues. One constitutive polypeptide, 7.25/52, was not detected in any of the malignant tissue samples. Quantitatively, marked differences in spot density were noted in polypeptides localized mainly in the molecular weight ranges of 22-40 kDa and pI ranges of 5.65-7.00. A general increase in polypeptide expression was noted in malignant tissues as compared to normal. Twenty-two polypeptides were significantly and consistently increased in @entity5 samples while only one polypeptide was decreased. One polypeptide, @entity4453 (6.15/24) was expressed in greatest concentrations in @entity5 which also expressed the greatest @entity172 receptor content. Expression of @entity4453 was markedly reduced in normal tissue and malignant tissues expressing low levels of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors.

title: Specific polypeptide differences in normal versus malignant XXXX breast tissues by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity566 to nuts is a common and well-known disease. Despite the fact that pine @entity9428 is a widely eaten food, only nine cases have been described in literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe four paediatric @entity1 suffering from @entity566 reaction on ingestion of pine nuts and compare them with cases described in literature, taking into account clinical symptoms, epidemiological and diagnostic methods. METHODS: The immuno-allergic study was carried out with skin tests (prick tests) using a commercial and native extract, and specific IgE serum test. An oral provocation test was performed in one case. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 12 months to 6 years. All @entity1 had a personal history of atopy. Symptoms on ingesting pine @entity9428 were severe systemic reactions in three cases. Two of the @entity1 had @entity56 to other nuts. In all cases, both the skin test and the specific IgE serum test were positive. The oral provocation was positive in the case for which it was performed. CONCLUSIONS: A typical clinical reaction of immediate @entity56 to this @entity9428 took place in all four @entity1 . The skin tests and in vitro studies confirm an IgE-mediated response. We currently have a commercial prick test for pine @entity9428 for the diagnosis, which has proven its sensitivity and specificity. In our region, due to the large consumption, the rate of @entity56 to pine nuts would probably be greater and earlier on in life than in other areas.

title: @entity566 to pine nuts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: An efficient mechanism-based @entity5 -targeting drug delivery system, based on @entity5 -specific vitamin-receptor mediated endocytosis, has been developed. The @entity5 -targeting drug delivery system is a conjugate of a @entity5 -targeting molecule ( @entity1885 : @entity1885 or @entity20651 ), a mechanism-based self-immolative linker and a second-generation taxoid ( @entity24393 ) as the cytotoxic agent. This conjugate (1) is designed to be (i) specific to the vitamin receptors overexpressed on @entity5 cell surface and (ii) internalized efficiently through receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by smooth drug release via @entity2041 -triggered self-immolation of the linker. In order to monitor and validate the sequence of events hypothesized, i.e., receptor-mediated endocytosis of the conjugate, drug release, and drug-binding to the target protein (microtubules), three fluorescent/fluorogenic molecular probes (2, 3, and 4) were designed and synthesized. The actual occurrence of these processes was unambiguously confirmed by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) and flow cytometry using L1210FR @entity1778 cells, overexpressing @entity1885 receptors. The molecular probe 4, bearing the taxoid linked to @entity941 , was also used to examine the cell specificity (i.e., efficacy of receptor-based cell targeting) for three cell lines, L1210FR ( @entity1885 receptors overexpressed), L1210 ( @entity1885 receptors not overexpressed), and WI38 (normal @entity1 lung fibroblast, @entity1885 receptor negative). As anticipated, the molecular probe 4 exhibited high specificity only to L1210FR. To confirm the direct correlation between the cell-specific drug delivery and anticancer activity of the probe 4, its @entity137 against these three cell lines was also examined. The results clearly showed a good correlation between the two methods. In the same manner, excellent cell-specific @entity137 of the conjugate 1 (without @entity941 attachment to the taxoid) against the same three cell lines was confirmed. This mechanism-based @entity5 -targeting drug delivery system will find a range of applications.

title: Mechanism-based XXXX -targeting drug delivery system. Validation of efficient vitamin receptor-mediated endocytosis and drug release.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1885 :: ('MESH:D001710', 'Chemical') :: ['biotin', 'vitamin H']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity5 development is a complex process resulting from interplay between mutations in oncogenes and @entity5 suppressors, host susceptibility factors, and cellular context. Great advances have been made by studying rare @entity5 with unique clinical, genetic, or molecular features. @entity2828 serves as an excellent paradigm for understanding tumorigenesis because it exhibits some very useful and important characteristics. For example, nearly all cases of @entity2828 contain the (11;22)(q24;q12) chromosomal translocation that encodes the @entity12726 /FLI oncoprotein. Besides the t(11;22), however, many cases have otherwise simple karyotypes with no other demonstrable abnormalities. Furthermore, it seems that an underlying genetic susceptibility to @entity2828 , if it exists, must be rare. These two features suggest that @entity12726 /FLI is the primary mutation that drives the development of this @entity5 . Finally, @entity2828 is an aggressive @entity5 that requires aggressive treatment. Thus, improved understanding of the pathogenesis of this @entity5 will not only be of academic interest, but may also lead to new therapeutic approaches for individuals afflicted with this disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of @entity2828 , while considering the questions surrounding this disease that still remain and how this knowledge may be applied to developing new treatments for @entity1 with this highly aggressive disease.

title: Recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is a widely-used modular instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in @entity1 aged 2 to 18 years. The PedsQL @entity1313 Module is comprised of six scales: Cognitive Problems, @entity158 and Hurt, Movement and Balance, Procedural @entity148 , @entity390 , and Worry. In the present study, we developed the Japanese version of the PedsQL @entity1313 Module and investigated its feasibility, reliability, and validity among Japanese @entity1 and their parents. METHODS: Translation equivalence and content validity were verified using the standard back-translation method and cognitive debriefing tests. @entity1 were recruited from 6 hospitals in Japan and the @entity1 's @entity5 Association of Japan, and questionnaires were completed by 137 @entity1 with @entity1313 and 166 parents. Feasibility of the questionnaire was determined based on the amount of time required to complete the form and the percentage of missing values. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed by retesting 22 @entity1 and 27 parents. Factorial validity was verified by exploratory factor analyses. Known-groups validity was described with regard to whole brain irradiation, @entity73 , @entity5 , paresis, and concurrent chemotherapy. Convergent and discriminant validity were determined using Generic Core Scales and State-Trait @entity148 Inventory for @entity1 . RESULTS: Internal consistency was relatively high for all scales (Cronbach's coefficient alpha > 0.70) except the @entity158 and Hurt scale for the @entity1 -report, and sufficient test-retest reliability was demonstrated for all scales (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.45-0.95). Factorial validity was supported through exploratory factor analysis (factor-item correlation = 0.33-0.96 for @entity1 , 0.55-1.00 for parents). Evaluation of known-groups validity confirmed that the Cognitive Problems scale was sensitive for @entity73 , the Movement and Balance scale for @entity5 or paresis, and the @entity390 scale for a @entity1 currently undergoing chemotherapy. Convergent and discriminant validity with the PedsQL Generic Core Scales and State-Trait @entity148 Inventory for @entity1 were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of the PedsQL @entity1313 Module is suitable for assessing health-related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity1313 in clinical trials and research studies.

title: Development of the Japanese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory XXXX Module.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['developmental impairment']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']


abstract: @entity10128 ( @entity10128 ) are intrinsically epileptogenic lesions associated to medically intractable @entity1625 mainly characterized by gelastic and focal @entity410 . Intralesional recording with deep electrodes has documented the presence of ictal discharge arising from inside the lesion. Nevertheless interictal and ictal scalp EEG is poorly informative and non-localizing in a great deal of cases. @entity9595 disconnection leads to @entity410 remission in most cases. To describe the intralesional EEG recordings and to compare them with concomitant scalp EEG and with previous cases reported in literature. We reviewed the medical records of 17 @entity1 affected by drug-resistant @entity1625 associated to @entity9595 . We recorded intralesional electrical activity during stereo-endoscopic disconnection in three cases and during deep brain stimulation implantation in one. We also correlated it with the simultaneous scalp-EEG recording. Acute intralesional recordings in our cases confirmed the presence of @entity302 intermingled with low-voltage activity, mostly on the same side of the @entity9595 attachment. Paroxysmal activity recorded inside the @entity9595 was always evident. Mapping of @entity9595 epileptogenic activity could be useful to confirm the usefulness of disconnection procedure. This should consider on-site recording from the @entity9595 and if abnormalities are detected safely proceed to disconnection of the @entity9595 .

title: Acute intralesional recording in XXXX : description of 4 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['HHs', 'Hypothalamic hamartomas']

answer: @entity10128 :: (MESH:C537158,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic hamartoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited access to endothelial tissue is a major constraint when investigating the cellular mechanisms of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity65 . We introduce venous endothelial sampling coupled to quantitative analysis of gene transcripts by real-time PCR, as a novel approach to study endothelial gene expression in @entity1 subjects. METHODS: Endothelial cells were collected from a superficial forearm vein using five guide wires sequentially inserted through a 20-gauge angiocatheter in seven @entity1 with history of cardiovascular events related to advanced @entity455 and in 17 healthy subjects. Endothelial cells were purified using magnetic beads coated with endothelial specific antibodies. Endothelial mRNA was amplified using RiboAmp HS RNA Amplification kit (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Amplified RNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Linearity of RNA amplification was validated by real-time PCR using RNA from 1,000 @entity1 umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) before and after amplification. In @entity1 subjects, @entity455 was associated with significant induction of proatherosclerotic genes: early growth response gene product ( @entity5738 ) and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ). CONCLUSION: Venous endothelial sampling coupled to real-time PCR analysis is a minimally invasive, safe, and reliable technique to monitor @entity32 in @entity1 subjects. Expression of genes implicated in the @entity731 process is increased in the venous endothelium of @entity1 with @entity455 . Venous endothelial sampling and quantitative analysis of gene expression may help develop new vascular-targeted biomarkers to identify and track the impact of disease states and therapeutic interventions in @entity455 .

title: Vascular endothelial sampling and analysis of gene transcripts: a new quantitative approach to monitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'arterial vascular disease', 'vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['vascular inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic predisposition, phenotype and prognosis of @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational and case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care academic centre. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with @entity1689 . INTERVENTIONS: Detailed mutational analysis was done for the @entity20618 , @entity9379 and @entity5174 genes with single-strand conformational polymorphism or restricted fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing. Clinical and disease characteristics of @entity8883 , and early onset versus late onset idiopathic @entity1689 were compared. Response to multimodality treatment (medical, endoscopic and/or surgical) and prognosis were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genetic mutations, phenotypic characterisation and prognosis of idiopathic @entity1689 . RESULTS: Of the 411 @entity1 with @entity1689 , 242 had idiopathic aetiology (age 27.50+/-11.85 years; 154 @entity1 ). @entity3147 and @entity7243 were not risk factors. @entity9379 @entity20619 mutation was present in 42% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1689 (vs 4% controls, p<0.001) and 17% of @entity1 with @entity8883 (p=0.016 @entity23 ). In the @entity5174 gene, nine @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1689 had mutations and 41 @entity1 had polymorphisms (50% vs 10% controls, p<0.001). @entity6 developed in 35.53% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1689 . About 85% of @entity1 had significant @entity158 relief with therapy. The probability of surviving for 35 years after onset of idiopathic @entity1689 was 83%. The typical features of tropical calcific @entity788 were seen only in 5.8% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Strong genetic susceptibility due to @entity9379 and @entity5174 gene mutations, and comparative phenotype of idiopathic @entity1689 in India suggest that the term 'tropical calcific @entity788 ' is a misnomer.

title: XXXX in India: phenotypic characterisation and strong genetic susceptibility due to @entity9379 and @entity5174 gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity20619 :: ('p|SUB|N|34|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N34S']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic versus alcoholic CP', 'alcoholic CP']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['compared with controls']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity20618 :: ('5644', 'Gene') :: ['cationic trypsinogen']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: We studied the effect of large-dose intrathecal @entity681 (ITS) for major abdominal surgery on the hormonal stress response. Forty @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either IV @entity681 (IVS) or 150 microg of ITS as part of general anesthesia. In the IVS group, @entity4545 (ACTH) and @entity701 concentrations were larger than baseline and the ITS group, 60 min after incision and at skin closure. Plasma concentrations of @entity701 and ACTH were not different from baseline in the ITS group during surgery. Six hours after skin closure, @entity701 concentrations were larger than baseline in both groups. Twenty-four and 48 h after skin closure, ACTH and @entity701 values were similar between groups. @entity1063 concentrations increased after surgery in both groups. Blood @entity413 levels increased in both groups during and after surgery. @entity158 scores and @entity1286 consumption during the first 48 h after surgery were lower in the ITS group. The data show that large-dose ITS prevents the intraoperative hormonal stress response in comparison with balanced anesthesia. We speculate that this is due to the highly specific binding of @entity681 to spinal and supraspinal receptors. This technique improves postoperative analgesia when compared with balanced anesthesia.

title: Large-dose intrathecal @entity681 prevents the hormonal stress response during major abdominal surgery: a comparison with intravenous XXXX in a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate tissue motion and strain imposed by cardiovascular pulsation in pathologic and normal brain parenchyma, as quantified from in vivo ultrasound data. Ultrasound acquired during surgery of 16 @entity1 with @entity5 was retrospectively processed and analyzed. The tissue velocity was quantified at depths of 1cm, 2cm and 3cm from brain cortex to investigate spatial dependency with depth. Comparison of strain and velocity in @entity5 and adjacent normal parenchyma was performed by selecting two regions-of-interest in the hyperechoic @entity5 and two regions in the low-echogenic areas interpreted as mainly normal tissue with some degree of @entity5 cell infiltration. The absolute maximum tissue velocity is seen to increase with increasing depths in 14 of 16 cases (87.5%). The maximum tissue velocities in the four regions close to the ultrasound visible @entity5 border are not statistically different (p=0.163 to p=0.975). The strain magnitudes are significantly higher in the regions with expected normal brain parenchyma than in regions with expected @entity5 tissue, both for the two regions being closest to the @entity5 border (p=0.0004) and for the two regions further away from the @entity5 border (p=0.0009). We conclude that the velocity of the brain parenchyma imposed by arterial pulsation during a cardiac cycle is generally increasing with increasing depth from cortex. The maximum velocity appears to be similar in regions with expected normal brain and @entity5 tissue, thus, does not seem to be affected by pathology. Strain magnitude is, however, a suitable parameter for discrimination of @entity5 and normal brain parenchyma. (E-mail: Tormod.Selbekk@sintef.no).

title: Tissue motion and strain in the XXXX brain assessed by intraoperative ultrasound in glioma @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glial tumors', 'glial tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and feasibility of a combination of weekly @entity1205 and @entity900 administered concomitantly with radiotherapy followed by surgery in addition to consolidation chemotherapy with @entity1205 and @entity900 administered every 3 weeks in @entity5 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 31 histologically proven, locally advanced (stage IIIA-N2 = 9, stage IIIB-T4N0-2 = 22) @entity1149 @entity1 were investigated. After administration of 4-6 cycles of weekly @entity1205 (20 mg/m(2)) and weekly @entity900 (20 mg/m(2)) concurrently with radiotherapy, @entity1 underwent operation if their disease was appropriately downstaged. Combination chemotherapy with @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) and @entity900 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks was administered as a consolidation regimen. The treatment response, @entity137 , @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS: After concomitant chemoradiotherapy, complete response and partial response occurred in 16.1 and 67.7% of @entity1 , respectively. Thirteen percentage of @entity1 progressed on treatment, and 3.2% had stable disease. Grade 3-4 hematologic and @entity137 did not occur, whereas 17.9% of them experienced grade 3-4 oesophageal @entity137 . Grade 3 @entity358 and grade 3-4 emesis developed in 9.7 and 6.4% of @entity1 , respectively. Thirteen responsive @entity1 (41.9%) underwent surgery. The @entity137 of consolidation chemotherapy was tolerable. Median OS and @entity1054 were 22    5 (range 13-31) and 12    3 (range 7-17) months, respectively. Median follow-up was 22 (range 2-57) months. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly administration of @entity1205 and @entity900 concurrently with radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy is an effective treatment with acceptable @entity137 for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 especially in combination with surgery.

title: Weekly @entity1205 and XXXX with concomitant radiotherapy in addition to surgery and/or consolidation chemotherapy in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services have announced a new Prospective Payment System to reimburse the care furnished by dialysis centers to @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). As of January 2011, most aspects of the outpatient treatment of @entity1 with @entity454 will be included in a single payment. In addition to the items previously included in the Composite Rate, injectable drugs and their oral equivalents will be included in this new capitation payment, as will the laboratory tests required for monitoring maintenance dialysis. As of January 2014, oral-only medications will also be included. Physician payments and payments for inpatient care, as well as for care not directly related to @entity454 care will continue to be reimbursed separately. Patterns of medication treatment of @entity454 @entity1 will likely be revisited, and one can expect pronounced adjustments. Treatment of @entity417 will likely shift towards less use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and somewhat towards higher use of intravenous @entity68 supplements. Average hemoglobin concentrations will decline. Use of intravenous @entity560 analogues will likely be reduced and substituted with their oral equivalents in many @entity1 . One can also expect a temporary trend towards higher use of calcimetics, since their inclusion in the payment bundle is deferred until 2014. Treatment of problems with vascular access patency and of @entity281 will likely shift to the inpatient setting, and there may be reluctance to quickly accept recovering @entity1 back to the outpatient setting after vascular access intervention. On aggregate, these changes have the potential to alter @entity1 outcomes, but it is currently unclear how these will be and can be monitored.

title: Potential effects of the new Medicare Prospective Payment System on drug prescription in XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['access infections']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: It is known that @entity219 modulates nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). Here, we studied the effects of @entity219 on neuronal alpha4beta4 nAChRs, expressed in @entity1238 oocytes and activated by @entity1239 . Membrane ion currents elicited by @entity1239 (10 nM to 100 microM) were enhanced by @entity219 (100 microM). Maximal @entity219 potentiation of the @entity1239 -activated current (2530%) occurred at 50 nM @entity1239 , and potentiation gradually decreased as the @entity1239 concentration increased. The EC(50) and IC(50) for the @entity1239 -activated current were 639 nM and 14.7 microM @entity1239 , respectively. Both parameters decreased in the presence of @entity219 to 160 nM and 4.6 microM, respectively, probably due to an increase of sensitivity of nAChRs for @entity1239 . We used different concentrations and durations of exposure to @entity1239 , due to desensitization of nAChRs directly depends on both these factors. With 500 nM @entity1239 and 20 min washing periods between @entity1239 applications, @entity219 potentiation remained constant, 901% for 2 min and 813% for 20 min of @entity1239 exposure. With continuous application of @entity1239 , @entity219 potentiation decreased as the time of @entity1239 exposure increased, 721% for 2 min and 254% for 48 min of @entity1239 exposure. Our results indicate that @entity219 -potentiating effects on alpha4beta4 nAChRs strongly depend on both concentration and time of exposure to @entity1239 , suggesting that @entity219 potentiation depends on the degree of desensitization.

title: Neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors are modulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Accurate assessment of the morphology of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) bone cortex and cartilage bears importance in terms of detecting @entity6592 in its earliest period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacies of fat-saturated T1-weighted (T1WFS) spin-echo, three-dimensional (3D)-fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH), and 3D-double excitation in the steady-state (3D-DESS) sequences for the detection of SIJ cartilage and bone @entity550 in @entity1 with clinically suspected active @entity6592 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 9 controls and 30 @entity1 with suspected active @entity6592 . T1WFS, short tau inversion recovery, 3D-DESS with FS, 3D-FLASH with FS, postcontrast (the same precontrast T1WFS sequence) T1WFS, and subtracted images were obtained in all the cases. The bone cortex and cartilaginous morphology were visually scored on the T1WFS, 3D-DESS, and 3D-FLASH images. MRI findings were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Active @entity6592 was observed in 28 @entity1 (49 SIJs) that were examined by postcontrast and subtracted images. T1WFS, 3D-DESS, and 3D-FLASH images revealed cartilage erosions in 26 (47 SIJs), 28 (55 SIJs), and 28 (55 SIJs) @entity1 , respectively. @entity79 scores in SIJs were significantly higher in 3D-DESS and 3D-FLASH images than in T1WFS images (P < .05). Bone erosion scores assessed on T1WFS and 3D-FLASH images of active @entity6592 @entity1 , were found to be significantly different (P < .05). A  similar relationship was not determined between 3D-DESS and T1WFS sequences (P > .05). CONCLUSION: 3D-FLASH sequence with FS is recognized as the most useful sequence for the detection of cartilaginous and @entity79 .

title: XXXX of spondyloarthropathic sacroiliac joint: efficiency of different fat-saturated MRI sequences (T1-weighted, 3D-FLASH, and 3D-DESS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage and bone cortex erosion', 'cortical bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cortex abnormalities']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Evaluation of bone cortex and cartilage']


abstract: Purpose: The term @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) is preferred over @entity693 ( @entity2698 ), because @entity8849 - @entity8850 gene fusion has been observed in both @entity853 . HPCs are now considered cellular variants of SFTs. Materials and Methods: This study analyzes 19 @entity1 with @entity8850 -confirmed SFTs, who were followed for over 11 years in a single institution. Ten @entity1 (10/19, 56.2%) had extracranial @entity3 (metastatic group), while the remainder (9/19) did not (non-metastatic group). These two groups were compared clinicopathologically. Results: In the metastatic group, the primary metastatic sites were the lungs (n=6), bone (n=4), and liver (n=3). There was a mean lag time of 14.2 years between the diagnosis of the initial @entity3554 to that of systemic @entity3 . The median age at initial @entity5 onset was 37.1 years in the metastatic group and 52.5 in the non-metastatic group. The 10-year survival rates of the metastatic- and non-metastatic groups were 100% and 33%, respectively. The significant prognostic factors for poor outcomes on univariate analysis included advanced age (>= 45 years) and large initial @entity5 size (>= 5 cm). In contrast, the @entity1 with higher @entity5 grade, high mitotic rate (>= 5/10 high-power fields), high Ki-67 index (>= 5%), and the presence of @entity39 or @entity2280 positivity showed tendency of poor prognosis but these parameters were not statistically significant poor prognostic markers. Conclusion: Among @entity1 with SFTs, younger @entity1 (<45 years) experienced longer survival times and paradoxically had more frequent extracranial @entity3 after long latent periods than did older @entity1 . Therefore, young @entity1 with SFTs require careful surveillance and follow-up for early detection of systemic @entity3 .

title: Meningeal Solitary Fibrous Tumors with Delayed Extracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial and extracranial HPCs']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal tumor']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of radiosurgery for symptomatic @entity302 associated with @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ). METHODS: Thirty five @entity1 with @entity2758 were studied with a mean follow up of 43.0 months. The duration of @entity302 before radiosurgery ranged from 2 months to 21 years (mean 2.8 years). Fifteen @entity1 showed partial @entity410 ; eight of these had associated secondary generalisation. The remaining 20 @entity1 showed only generalised @entity410 without preceding focal @entity410 . RESULTS: At the final follow up examination, 28 @entity1 remained @entity410 free, whereas @entity410 continued in seven. Variables significantly associated with continuity of @entity410 after radiosurgery were the number of @entity410 before therapy (p<0.01) and duration of @entity302 (p<0.05). According to Engel's classification, the 10 @entity1 with intractable @entity410 before treatment included five with grade I, four with grade III, and one with grade IV. The frequency of @entity410 began to decrease several months after radiosurgery; much shorter than the time required for morphological change in the @entity2758 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery seems to be beneficial for @entity410 control in @entity1 with @entity7026 .

title: Control of @entity302 associated with XXXX after radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations', 'unruptured epileptogenic AVM']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured epileptogenic AVMs', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: With the aim of assessing the effectiveness and safety of @entity5753 in @entity1 with @entity1007 after heart transplantation, as well as the potential differences in the lipid-lowering effect of @entity5753 between @entity1 with or without pretransplant @entity453 ( @entity453 ), we studied 63 heart transplant @entity1 who had serum total @entity165 > 250 mg/dl in spite of dietary therapy. Mean age of subjects was 47 +/- 2 years. Triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity230 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (62%) had pretransplant @entity453 and 24 (38%) did not. Pretreatment serum lipid levels were: total @entity165 , 302 +/- 32 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , 201 +/- 35 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , 60 +/- 19 mg/dl; @entity1674 , 205 +/- 86 mg/dl; and total/HDL @entity165 ratio, 5.4 +/- 1.6. @entity1 received 10 to 40 mg/day of @entity5753 (mean dose 17 +/- 6) for 13 +/- 4 months. There were no serious adverse events. At 3 months, @entity5753 decreased total @entity165 by 15% (p < 0.001), LDL @entity165 by 21% (p < 0.001), @entity1674 by 17% (p < 0.05), and total/HDL @entity165 ratio by 17% (p < 0.001), and increased HDL @entity165 by 3% (NS). Although @entity5753 was effective in both @entity1 with pretransplant @entity453 and non- @entity453 , analysis of its effect in each subgroup ( @entity453 and non- @entity453 ) revealed that its lipid-lowering effect was higher for non- @entity453 @entity1 (-20% vs -12% for total @entity165 , and -27% vs -17% for LDL @entity165 , both p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of the effectiveness of @entity5753 therapy for @entity1007 after heart transplantation between XXXX with and without pretransplant @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting the probability of 12-month @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for @entity1 receiving first-line @entity6219 for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: Statistical modeling was performed with data from 557 @entity6219 -treated @entity1 in the phase 3 COMPARZ trial. A multivariable Cox model was fit using known prognostic indicators. Variables included neutrophil count, serum levels of @entity2313 and alkaline phosphatase, time from diagnosis to treatment, and bone metastases. Data from the @entity6219 arm of a placebo-controlled phase 3 trial were used for validation. RESULTS: The model included ten prognostic variables and was plotted as a nomogram for predicting the probability of 12-month @entity1349 . Calibration plots suggested reasonable correspondence between predicted probabilities and actual proportions of @entity1349 . The concordance index for 12-month @entity1349 was 0.625. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed between @entity1349 and bone metastases, time from diagnosis to treatment, @entity2313 , and alkaline phosphatase. @entity2313 and alkaline phosphatase appeared to be influential predictors. CONCLUSION: The nomogram predicts, with reasonable accuracy, @entity1349 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 receiving @entity6219 , based on their baseline clinical characteristics.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Progression-Free Survival in XXXX with @entity1358 Treated with @entity6219 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PFS', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of using extensive lamellar keratectomy for treating @entity1 who have nontuberculous @entity1036 that is unresponsive to medical treatment. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with bacteriologically proven nontuberculous @entity1036 , who had poor response to medical treatment and whose corneal infiltrate was not deeper than 80% of corneal thickness, were selected for extensive lamellar keratectomy. This procedure was performed freehand to remove all the @entity2687 visible by operation-microscopic examination, to have a clean stromal bed. RESULTS: @entity281 was eradicated in seven @entity1 by a single procedure. In the other two @entity1 , the condition was controlled by a second operation. Epithelialization was rapid and complete in all cases within ten days (mean, 4.8 days). @entity158 relief was dramatic after surgery. Visual acuity after surgery was improved in seven @entity1 , but remained the same in two. There were no complications as a result of the lamellar keratectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Lamellar keratectomy should be considered as a treatment option for @entity1 with nontuberculous @entity1036 who are unresponsive to medical therapy.

title: Extensive lamellar keratectomy for treatment of nontuberculous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infiltration']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['mycobacterial keratitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface inflammatory response to the presence of preservatives in nonselective beta-blocker eyedrops. DESIGN: Prospective, crossover, single-masked, randomized clinical study. METHODS: study population: Twenty primary @entity1538 or ocular @entity101 @entity1 were divided in two groups, one treated with preservative-free @entity6839 0.5% (group 1) and the other with preserved @entity6839 0.5% (group 2) eyedrops. After 60 days of therapy and 3 more weeks of washout, the two groups switched to the other therapy. procedure: At each visit, basal tear samples were collected from the inferior conjunctival fornix for the determination of @entity1356 tear concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intraocular pressure measurement, @entity3169 , @entity1036 , and tear film breakup time were evaluated. main outcome measure: @entity1356 concentration in tears following the use of preserved eyedrops. RESULTS: @entity1356 tear concentrations increased significantly in both groups, compared with baseline values, during preserved @entity6839 therapy. There were no statistically significant changes in @entity450 and @entity1036 throughout the study in either group. A statistically significant breakup time reduction was observed in both groups after 30 days and after 60 days of preserved therapy. CONCLUSION: The use of preservatives in @entity6839 0.5% eyedrops leads to tear film instability and ocular surface inflammatory changes documented by a reduction of breakup time and an increase of @entity1356 tear concentrations. Preservative-free beta-blockers are preferable for long-term @entity551 therapy to prevent ocular surface @entity32 .

title: XXXX tear concentration in glaucomatous and ocular @entity101 @entity1 treated with preservative-free nonselective beta-blockers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['superficial punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-1beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various psychopathologies are becoming more commonly recognized as a cause of violence in the pediatric population. In this study, we aimed to investigate (1) the link between the @entity174 and psychopathology and (2) the prevalence of repeated @entity5883 in the same population. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 208 @entity1 treated at a level 1 @entity130 center and recorded age, sex, past medical and @entity146 history as well as type, etiology, and treatment of hand @entity174 for analysis. A mental health professional has confirmed @entity146 diagnosis. Fisher exact tests and independent samples t tests were performed for analysis. RESULTS: Metacarpal @entity174 were the most common hand @entity174 seen in @entity1 with a @entity146 history (P=0.05). More than half (52.9%, n=18) of the @entity1 with a positive @entity146 history had a subsequent injury whereas only 14.6% (n=29) of @entity1 negative for @entity146 issues had a subsequent injury (P<0.001). The most common @entity146 disorders were @entity71 , @entity308 , and @entity734 . Psychiatric diagnosis was significantly more frequent in those sustaining an injury due to punching compared with other mechanisms (38% vs. 8%, P<0.001). Twenty one (38%) of the 55 @entity1 whose injuries were due to punching had a documented @entity146 diagnosis. Of the 55 injuries due to a punching mechanism, 39 (68.4%) sustained metacarpal @entity174 and 18 (31.6%) sustained another type of hand @entity174 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of repeated @entity5883 in @entity1 with punching may require in depth @entity146 assessment due to its high association with @entity1032 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Psychiatric risk factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pediatric hand fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pediatric hand fractures']


abstract: @entity6192 lethal toxin, which consists of two proteins, protective antigen and lethal factor, is lethal for experimental animals. This study describes the first in vitro system demonstrating lethality of the toxin. @entity19 peritoneal macrophages are killed within 1 h of exposure to the toxin. Neither protein component alone shows any toxic activity. The minimal effective concentration of protective antigen and lethal factor was approximately equal to 10(-2) and approximately equal to 10(-3) micrograms/ml, respectively. None of the several established cell lines examined was killed. Cells could be completely protected from the toxin by pretreatment with agents, such as @entity4478 or @entity6193 , which dissipate intracellular proton gradients and raise the pH of intracellular vesicles. This protection was reversible and could be overcome by lowering the intravesicular pH. Antitoxin added after preincubation with @entity4478 was unable to protect cells subsequently exposed to low pH treatment. These results suggest that @entity6192 lethal toxin requires passage through an acidic endocytic vesicle in order to exert its toxic effect within the cytosol.

title: Macrophages are sensitive to XXXX lethal toxin through an acid-dependent process.

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['anthrax', 'Anthrax']

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['anthrax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antipsychotic drugs are associated with an increased risk of @entity1211 , and to examine risks by type of antipsychotic, potency, and dose. DESIGN: Population based nested case-control study. SETTING: The UK QResearch primary care database. @entity1 : @entity1 (cases) with a first ever record of @entity1211 between 1 January 1996 and 1 July 2007; each was matched with up to four controls by age, calendar time, sex, and practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios for @entity1211 associated with antipsychotic drugs adjusted for comorbidity; concomitant drug exposure. RESULTS: There were 25   532 eligible cases (15   975 with @entity1150 and 9557 with @entity1151 ) and 89   491 matched controls from a study population of 7   267   673. Individuals prescribed antipsychotic drugs in the previous 24 months had a 32% greater risk of @entity1211 than non-users, despite adjustment for potential risk factors (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.42). @entity1 who had started a new drug in the previous three months had about twice the risk (1.97, 1.66 to 2.33). The risk was greater for individuals prescribed atypical rather than conventional drugs (adjusted odds ratio 1.73, 1.37 to 2.17, for atypical drugs; 1.28, 1.18 to 1.38, for conventional drugs). It also tended to be greater for @entity1 prescribed low rather than high potency drugs (1.99, 1.52 to 2.62, for low potency; 1.28, 1.18 to 1.38, for high potency). The estimated number of extra cases of @entity1211 per 10   000 @entity1 treated over one year was 4 (3 to 5) in @entity1 of all ages and 10 (7 to 13) for @entity1 aged 65 and over. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between use of antipsychotic drugs and risk of @entity1211 in a large primary care population. The increased risk was more marked among new users and those prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs.

title: Antipsychotic drugs and risk of XXXX : nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2727 transdermal system (MTS) (Daytrana [Shire Pharmaceuticals Ireland Ltd., Wayne, PA]) has been shown to be well tolerated and effective; however, skin reactions, typically redness and itching, have also been noted with MTS use. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the irritancy threshold of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), the active ingredient in the MTS, in healthy adults for use in subsequent patch testing. METHODS: This was an open-label single-site pilot study. Eligible subjects had @entity7541 (six different concentrations in two vehicles) patch tests applied to the paraspinous region of the upper back. Subjects returned after 48 hours and 96 hours for investigator assessments of each reaction. RESULTS: All enrolled subjects (n = 20) completed the study. There were no definite positive reactions in any subject at any test concentration. Overall, doubtful (macular erythema) reactions were noted on 12 sites at the 48-hour reading and on 6 sites at the 96-hour reading. With both aqueous and petrolatum vehicles, more doubtful reactions were noted at the lower @entity7541 test concentrations. CONCLUSION: When performing patch testing to confirm possible @entity3408 from topical @entity7541 , several test concentrations in the low-to-middle range (such as 0.1%, 1%, and 10%) prepared in petrolatum are advisable.

title: XXXX patch-test protocol and irritancy threshold determination in healthy adult subjects.

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: @entity12901 is a @entity13593 . @entity1 sometimes inflict injury on themselves in order to assume a sick role. The authors report a @entity1 with @entity12901 suffered from @entity867 , reopened wound and @entity548 . A 64-year-old male was admitted to our hospital after @entity542 . CT and MR imaging revealed a mass with surrounding @entity2657 . The mass was surgically removed, and diagnosed as @entity867 . During the surgery, the authors noticed a small @entity79 ; therefore, we considered that @entity542 just concerned this lesion. There were no particular clues leading to other possible pathologies. After the first surgery, the @entity1 presented @entity410 several times. Once we discharged him from our hospital, we hospitalized him again because the wound had reopened. A subsequent operation was needed, and we removed the bone flap which we considered the origin of the @entity281 . After the second surgery, he stabbed a nail into his head where the bone had been removed due to the previous surgery, and presented @entity548 . The @entity548 decreased in size through non-surgical treatment and he was referred to the psychiatry department under a diagnosis of @entity12901 . Diagnosis of this entity is difficult and often made at the later stage of hospitalization, because @entity1 present a variety of complaints and clinical symptoms, which are hardly proved factitious. Early consideration of this syndrome will offer an early and accurate diagnosis, and is mandatory for a good prognosis.

title: [ XXXX , a factitious injury, presenting @entity867 and @entity548 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['atypical seizures']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['edema in the right frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity12901 :: ('MESH:D009110', 'Disease') :: ['Munchausen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect in the frontal bone above the brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['factitious disorder']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity12901 :: (MESH:D009110,Disease) :: ['Munchausen syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 50 Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of @entity5 treatment are widely documented. The purpose of this study was to examine adjusted differences by race/ethnicity in the odds of reporting @entity158 and differences in @entity158 severity. METHODS: This study used data from Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS), a nationally representative cohort study of @entity14 @entity1 . @entity1 were identified following incident @entity14 diagnosis via rapid case ascertainment. Surveys were administered between three and five months following diagnosis. @entity158 was assessed via @entity1 self-report using the Brief @entity158 Inventory. Control variables included sex, age, education, wealth, fatalism, marital status, survey language, self-reported health status, @entity308 , @entity5 stage, and care at a Veterans Administration (VA) facility. Each control variable was first individually assessed as a potential mediator in the relationship between race/ethnicity and @entity158 severity. Final models were fully adjusted with all control variables. RESULTS: Among 3,216 individuals with @entity14 (16.4% black), 40% reported @entity158 ; among 2,545 with @entity2 (12% black), 57% reported @entity158 . The odds of reporting @entity158 did not differ by race/ethnicity in lung or @entity14 @entity1 in adjusted analyses. None of the included covariates significantly mediated this relationship. However, among those reporting @entity158 , @entity158 severity was higher for black relative to white @entity1 in both lung (p=0.002) and @entity14 (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The odds of reporting presence of @entity158 did not differ by race/ethnicity. However, among those reporting @entity158 , blacks reported higher @entity158 severity than whites in both @entity5 , even after adjusting for @entity1 and health status characteristics. Differential @entity158 severity by race/ethnicity, particularly for black @entity1 , may be an important consideration in assessing the quality of @entity5 management.

title: How is race/ethnicity associated with @entity1 reporting of XXXX in recently diagnosed @entity14 ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer types', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and lung cancer', 'colorectal or lung cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: @entity1856 material containing @entity165 crystals may dislodge and cause distal @entity63 . To characterize @entity177 , we retrospectively evaluated all @entity1 at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1981 to 1990 with both @entity177 and histologically proven @entity11986 after angiography or cardiovascular surgery. Over the 10-year period, 52 @entity1 were identified. They tended to be elderly @entity1 with a history of @entity101 (81%), @entity453 (73%), @entity1095 (69%), and current smoking (50%). Within 30 days of their procedure, only 50% of @entity1 had cutaneous signs of @entity11986 , and 14% had documented blood @entity1712 . Urinalysis was often abnormal. Hemodynamically unstable @entity1 died shortly after their procedure, yet renal function in the remainder continued to decline over 3 to 8 weeks. @entity1 who received dialysis had a higher baseline serum @entity1011 than those who did not (168 +/- 44 mumol/L versus 133 +/- 18 mumol/L, p = 0.02), with dialysis starting a median of 29 days after the procedure. @entity1 with @entity177 due to @entity11986 alone, as opposed to multiple renal insults, were more likely to recover renal function (24% versus 3%, p = 0.03) and had a lower risk of @entity204 during the 6 months after their procedure (log-rank p = 0.002). @entity177 due to procedure-induced AE is characterized by a decline in renal function over 3 to 8 weeks. This time course is not consistent with most other iatrogenic causes of @entity177 , such as radiocontrast or nephrotoxic medications, which present earlier and often resolve within 2 to 3 weeks after appropriate intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX after invasive procedures. Natural history based on 52 histologically proven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity11986 :: ('MESH:D017700', 'Disease') :: ['atheroembolism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'atheroembolic renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['Atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Atheroembolic renal failure']