abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between electrophysiological recordings and clinical as well as radiological findings in @entity1 suggestive to suffer from a @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). We hypothesise that the electrophysiological recordings, especially SSEP, indicate a lumbar nerve involvement that is complementary to the neurological examination and can provide confirmatory information in less obvious clinical cases. In a prospective cohort study, 54 @entity1 scheduled for surgery due to @entity2649 were enrolled in an unmasked, uncontrolled trial. All @entity1 were assessed by neurological examination, electrophysiological recordings, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. The electrophysiological recordings focused on spinal lumbar nerve involvement. RESULTS: About 88% suffered from a multisegmental @entity2649 and 91% of @entity1 respectively complained of @entity615 and/or leg @entity158 for more than 3 months, combined with a restriction in walking distance. The neurological examination revealed only a few @entity1 with @entity3481 while 87% of @entity1 showed pathological electrophysiological recordings (abnormal tibial SSEP in 78% of @entity1 , abnormal H-reflex in 52% of @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Whereas the clinical examination, even in severe @entity2649 , showed no specific @entity3481 , the electrophysiological recordings indicated that the majority of @entity1 had a @entity74 within the lumbar spine. By the pattern of bilateral pathological tibial SSEP and pathological reflexes associated with normal peripheral nerve conduction, @entity2649 can be separated from a demyelinating @entity305 and mono- @entity614 . The applied electrophysiological recordings, especially SSEP, can confirm a @entity613 due to cauda equina involvement and help to differentiate @entity455 or @entity2526 of the lower limbs. Therefore, electro-physiological recordings provide additional information to the neurological examination when the clinical relevance of a radiologically-suspected @entity2649 needs to be confirmed.

title: XXXX : assessment of cauda equina involvement by electrophysiological recordings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic from vascular claudication']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory-motor deficit', 'sensory and/or motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['musculo-skeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: The effects of @entity3352 (inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), @entity8304 (inhibitor of @entity2871 A2 synthase) and @entity13078 (antagonist of TxA2/PGH2 receptors) on basal CBF and CVR were studied in normocapnic and normoxic SHR and WKY @entity35 . CBF was measured by the intracarotid 133Xe technique. CVR was calculated as ratio of mean arterial blood pressure and CBF. Resting CBF did not differ between SHR and WKY. MABP and CVR were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in SHR than in WKY. @entity3352 (6 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a significant long-lasting decrease of CBF and increase of CVR in both strains, although these effects were more pronounced (p < 0.01) in WKY. @entity8304 (20 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect on measured variables in either strain. @entity13078 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a significant increase of CBF in SHR (p < 0.001) but not in WKY. CVR decreased in SHR parallel to the increase of CBF but remained unchanged in WKY. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to WKY, basal CBF and CVR in SHR depend upon vasoconstricting prostanoids which act on TxA2/PGH2 receptors but are distinct from @entity2404 .

title: Dependence of basal cerebral blood flow and cerebral vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive XXXX upon vasoconstrictor prostanoids.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole', 'Imidazole']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the long-term effects of glycemic index-related diets in the management of @entity28 with a special emphasis on the potential benefits of low glycemic index/load (GI/GL) in the prevention of @entity28 -associated risks. DATA SYNTHESIS: Electronic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing low glycemic index/load versus high glycemic index/load diets were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Outcome of interest markers included anthropometric data as well as biomarkers of CVD and glycemic control. Study specific weighted mean differences were pooled using a random effect model. 14 studies were included in the primary meta-analysis. Weighted mean differences in change of @entity1851 [WMD: -0.43 mg/dl, (95% CI -0.78 to -0.09), p = 0.01], and fasting insulin [WMD: -5.16 pmol/L, (95% CI -8.45 to -1.88), p = 0.002] were significantly more pronounced in benefit of low GI/GL diets. However decrease in fat free mass [WMD: -1.04 kg (95% CI -1.73 to -0.35), p = 0.003] was significantly more pronounced following low GI/GL diets as well. No significant changes were observed for blood lipids, anthropometric measures, HbA1c and fasting @entity413 . Sensitivity analysis was performed for RCTs excluding subjects with type 2 @entity6 . Decreases in @entity1851 and fasting insulin remained statistically significant in the low GI/GL subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review provides evidence for beneficial effects of long-term interventions administering a low glycemic index/load diet with respect to fasting insulin and pro-inflammatory markers such as @entity1851 which might prove to be helpful in the primary prevention of @entity28 -associated diseases.

title: Long-term effects of low glycemic index/load vs. high glycemic index/load diets on parameters of XXXX and @entity28 -associated risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity3857 rapidly induced @entity1317 in @entity95 bone marrow so that the barrier between @entity1583 cells and the circulation became defective. This change was followed by hypocellularity and @entity39 and @entity82 . Adult male @entity95 received @entity3857 intravenously (2 mg. per kg.) every 4 days for periods of up to 4 weeks; the animals were killed at varied times. In untreated animals, much of the sinus wall consisted only of endothelium. Within 2 hours after administration of @entity3857 the endothelium was damaged and @entity1583 cells, mostly reticulocytes and normoblasts, entered the circulation. Some sinuses hemorrhaged into the @entity1583 compartment. At 4 hours, sinuses were markedly dilated and @entity548 was extensive. By 3 days, extravasated erythrocytes, which were tending to aggregate, were unevenly distributed in the extravascular space of marrow. Damaged @entity1583 cells were dispersed among them. Regenerating blood vessels were noted and a few clusters of @entity1583 cells occurred in association with fibroblasts. At 1 week, a large portion of the marrow was either @entity39 or contained large-scale diffuse or focal @entity548 . Fibrotic areas often surrounded the arteries. After 2 to 4 weeks, @entity4018 became pronounced. The fibrotic tissue was well vascularized and contained small clusters of @entity1583 cells and a few fat cells. Macrophages were abundant and tended to fuse, forming multinucleated giant cells surrounding pockets of degenerated fat cells.

title: XXXX bone marrow after administration of @entity3857 . An electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponin', 'Saponin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the wall of vascular sinuses']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: Type 1 and Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 are at high risk of developing @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). Renal functional decline is gradual and there is high variability between @entity1 , though the reason for the variability is unknown. Enough @entity6 @entity1 progress to @entity454 to make @entity6 the leading cause of @entity177 . The first symptoms of @entity2316 do not appear for years or decades after the onset of @entity6 . During and after the asymptomatic period structural changes develop in the @entity6 kidney. Typically, but not always, the first symptom of @entity2316 is @entity633 . Loss of renal filtration rate develops later. This review examines the structural @entity2316 that are associated with and possibly the basis for advancing @entity633 and declining GFR. @entity19 models of @entity6 and genetic manipulations of these models have become central to research into mechanisms underlying @entity2316 . This article also looks at the value of these @entity19 models to understanding @entity1 @entity2316 as well as potential pitfalls in translating the @entity19 results to @entity1 .

title: Associations between structural and functional changes to the kidney in XXXX @entity1 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN', 'abnormalities of diabetic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Two synthetic peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptides, an immunodominant ( @entity1522 180-199) and a cryptic ( @entity1522 56-71) one, induced an acute or chronic course of experimental autoimmune @entity5013 ( @entity9833 ) in Lewis @entity35 , when given at low dose (50-100 microg/ @entity35 ) or high dose (250 microg/ @entity35 ), respectively. Corresponding to the different clinical course, pathological changes and immune responses were found: (1) Onset of clinical signs of P0 peptide 56-71 (P0 56-71) induced @entity9833 was 1-3 days later than in P0 peptide 180-199 (P0 180-199) induced @entity9833 at all immunizing doses, whereas the peak of the disease occurred at a similar time point post immunization (p.i.), i.e. at days 14-16 p.i. in P0 56-71 induced @entity9833 and at day 16 p.i. in P0 180-199 induced @entity9833 . (2) Intramolecular epitope spreading as assessed by delayed type @entity56 response occurred in P0 56-71 induced @entity9833 at both low and high antigen doses and in P0 180-199 induced @entity9833 at high antigen dose (250 microg/ @entity35 ) only. (3) P0 180-199 stimulated higher levels of @entity3692 production in P0 180-199 induced @entity9833 than in P0 56-71 induced @entity9833 and vice versa. (4) Histopathologic evaluation revealed a similar grade of mononuclear cell infiltration in the sciatic nerves of both types of @entity9833 , but more severe @entity17 was found in P0 180-199 induced @entity9833 compared to P0 56-71 induced @entity9833 . The results support the hypothesis that high dose autoantigen immunization induces extensive determinant spreading and chronic course of @entity792 .

title: P0 glycoprotein peptides 56-71 and 180-199 dose-dependently induce acute and chronic experimental autoimmune XXXX in Lewis @entity35 associated with epitope spreading.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['neuritis']


abstract: The study of atherogenesis in @entity1 has been restricted by the limited availability and brief in vitro life span of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We describe @entity9976 lines with extended life spans generated by the expression of the @entity1082 )-16 E6 and E7 genes, which has been shown to extend the life span of normal adult @entity1 aortic SMCs. Resulting cell lines (pdSMC1A and 2) demonstrated at least 10-fold increases in life span; pdSMC1A became immortal. The SMC identity of both pdSMC lines was confirmed by @entity15008 mRNA expression. pdSMC2 were generally diploid but with various structural and numerical alterations; pdSMC1A demonstrated several @entity2008 , most commonly -Y, +7, -13, anomalies previously reported in both primary pdSMCs and @entity731 tissue. Confluent pdSMC2 appeared grossly similar to @entity1799 E6/E7-expressing normal adult aortic SMCs (AASMCs), exhibiting typical SMC morphology/growth patterns; pdSMC1A displayed irregular cell shape/organization with numerous mitotic figures. Dedifferentiation to a synthetic/proliferative phenotype has been hypothesized as a critical step in atherogenesis, because @entity35 neonatal SMCs and adult intimal SMCs exhibit similar gene expression patterns. To confirm that our pdSMC lines likewise express this apparent plaque phenotype, @entity1096 , platelet-derived growth factor B, and @entity2362 mRNA levels were determined in pdSMC1A, pdSMC2, and AASMCs. However, no significant increases in @entity1096 or platelet-derived growth factor B expression levels were observed in either pdSMC compared with AASMCs. pdSMC2 alone expressed high levels of @entity2362 mRNA. Lower levels of @entity15008 mRNA in pdSMC1A suggested greater dedifferentiation and/or additional population doublings in pdSMC1A relative to pdSMC2. Both pdSMC lines (particularly 1A) demonstrated high message levels for @entity9198 , previously reported to be highly expressed by @entity1 neointimal SMCs in vitro. These results describe 2 novel plaque cell lines exhibiting various features of @entity9976 biology; pdSMC2 may represent an earlier @entity9976 phenotype, whereas pdSMC1A may be representative of cells comprising an advanced @entity731 .

title: Generation and characterization of @entity1 smooth muscle cell lines derived from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9976 :: ('MESH:C564589', 'Disease') :: ['plaque SMC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['matrix Gla protein']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: Many @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 treated with radiotherapy suffer significant anatomical changes due to @entity5 shrinkage or weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess dose changes over target volumes and organs at risk during intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity135 @entity1 . Sixteen @entity135 IMRT @entity1 , all requiring bilateral neck irradiation, were enrolled in the study. A CTplan was performed and the initial dose distribution was calculated. During the treatment, two subsequent CTs at the 15th (CT15) and 25th ( @entity40308 ) fractions were acquired. The initial plan was calculated on the CT15 and @entity40308 , and dose-volume differences related to the CTplan were assessed. For target volumes, mean values of near-maximun absorbed dose (D2%) increased at the 25th fraction, and doses covering 95% and 98% of volume decreased significantly at the 15th fraction. Contralateral and ipsilateral parotid gland mean doses increased by 6.1% (range: -5.4, 23.5%) and 4.7% (range: -9.1, 22.3%), respectively, at @entity40308 . The D2% in the spinal cord increased by 1.8 Gy at CT15. Mean absorbed dose increases at CT15 and @entity40308 were observed in: the lips, 3.8% and 5.3%; the oral cavity, 3.5% and 2.5%; and lower middle neck structure, 1.9% and 1.6%. Anatomical changes during treatment of @entity135 @entity1 affect dose distribution and induce a loss of dose coverage to target volumes and an overdosage to critical structures. Appropriate organs at risk have to be contoured and monitored in order to know if the initial plan remains suitable during the course of the treatment. Reported dosimetric data can help to identify @entity1 who could benefit from adaptive radiotherapy.

title: Dose variations in @entity5 volumes and organs at risk during IMRT for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer', 'HNC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: Chinese herbal medicine has been used for thousands of years in China and other Asian countries to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. The classic Chinese herbal formula, Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) is commonly used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of joint @entity158 and other symptoms of @entity625 . The present study is an investigation of the effects of a modified HLXL extract on persistent @entity1931 and @entity4 in @entity35 with @entity32 . @entity32 was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) into one hind paw. Four dosages of the extract were compared to a vehicle control. Each was administered intragastrally (i.g.) daily for seven days beginning one day before @entity3795 . @entity1931 was assessed using a paw withdrawal latency (PWL) test and @entity4 was determined by measuring paw thickness at pre- @entity3795 and 2 hours, 24 hours, and 5 days post- @entity3795 . Immunohistochemistry was performed 2 hours post- @entity3795 to determine spinal @entity1639 protein expression. Adverse effects of the extract were monitored by observing the animals closely for unusual behavioral changes. Compared to the control, HLXL at the two lower dosages (0.575 g/kg and 1.15 g/kg) were effective in the later stage (day 5) of inflammatory @entity1931 and @entity4 , while the two higher dosages (2.3 g/kg and 4.6 g/kg) alleviated early stage hind paw @entity32 and @entity1931 and facilitated recovery from paw @entity4 and @entity1931 during the late stage. HLXL at 2.30 g/kg significantly suppressed @entity1639 expression in laminae I-II, III-IV and V-VI ipsilaterally and in III-IV contralaterally. No significant signs of @entity137 or adverse effects were observed. The data suggest that HLXL dosage-dependently attenuates @entity3795 -induced @entity32 and @entity1931 , at least in part by inhibiting noxious transmission at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

title: Anti- XXXX and anti-inflammatory effects of the modified Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'peripheral inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'Hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesic']


abstract: Evolutionary modification has produced a spectrum of animal defence traits to escape predation, including the ability to autotomize body parts to elude capture. After autotomy, the missing part is either replaced through regeneration (for example, in urodeles, lizards, arthropods and crustaceans) or permanently lost (such as in mammals). Although most @entity393 (legs, chelipeds, antennae or tails, for example), @entity272 can occur in certain taxa of scincid and gekkonid lizards. Here we report the first demonstration of @entity272 in @entity1 (African spiny @entity19 , Acomys). Mechanical testing showed a propensity for skin to tear under very low tension and the absence of a @entity174 plane. After @entity272 , rapid wound contraction was followed by hair follicle regeneration in dorsal skin wounds. Notably, we found that regenerative capacity in Acomys was extended to ear holes, where the @entity19 exhibited complete regeneration of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, dermis and cartilage. Salamanders capable of limb regeneration form a blastema (a mass of lineage-restricted progenitor cells) after limb loss, and our findings suggest that ear tissue regeneration in Acomys may proceed through the assembly of a similar structure. This study underscores the importance of investigating regenerative phenomena outside of conventional model organisms, and suggests that mammals may retain a higher capacity for regeneration than was previously believed. As re-emergent interest in regenerative medicine seeks to isolate molecular pathways controlling tissue regeneration in mammals, Acomys may prove useful in identifying mechanisms to promote regeneration in lieu of @entity82 and @entity2318 .

title: Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny XXXX (Acomys).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin autotomy', 'skin loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['autotomy involves the loss of appendages']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neural crest is a population of cells in the vertebrate embryo that gives rise to a wide range of tissues and cell types, including components of the peripheral nervous system and the craniofacial skeleton as well as melanocytes and the adrenal medulla. Aberrations in neural crest development can lead to @entity66 , including @entity5 such as @entity320 and @entity521 . @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in these @entity6648 , and these CSCs demonstrate resistance to treatment and are likely key contributors to disease relapse. @entity1 with @entity6648 often have poor outcomes due to frequent relapses, likely due to the continued presence of residual treatment-resistant CSCs, and therapies directed against these CSCs are likely to improve @entity1 outcomes. CSCs share many of the same genetic and biologic features of primordial neural crest cells, and therefore a better understanding of neural crest development will likely lead to the development of effective therapies directed against these CSCs. Signaling through @entity4104 has been shown to be required for neural crest development, and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-mediated activation of @entity4104 has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity6648 . Expression of the cell surface marker @entity10735 (the receptor for @entity1261 ) has been identified as a potential marker for CSCs in @entity6648 , suggesting that @entity10735 expression and function may contribute to disease relapse and poor @entity1 outcomes. Here we review the processes of neural crest development and @entity105 and we discuss the previously identified markers for CSC subpopulations identified in neural @entity5 and their role in @entity6648 biology. We also discuss the potential for @entity10735 and downstream intracellular signaling pathways as potential targets for CSC-directed therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 221-231, 2017.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity10735 : A New Member of the Neural Crest-Derived XXXX Stem Cell Marker Family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous diseases']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['GCSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['crest tumors', 'cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest tumor', 'neural crest-derived tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Intra-articularly injected autologous Fab2 produced from IgG by homologous @entity36956 induces in animals not given prior immunization acute @entity603 after 1 and 3 injections, acute @entity603 after 6 injections, and chronic @entity603 after 12 injections. Histologically, the chronic @entity603 is similar to @entity603 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). In the joint, @entity36956 Fab2 appears to act as a fairly strong antigen. Evidence for this is provided by the infiltration of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, the marked phagocytic activity of the exudate leucocytes and tissue phagocytes, and the stimulation of the synthesis of specific antibodies (homoreactants) in the synovial plasma cells. The immediate action of injected Fab2 suggests that it forms biologically active immune complexes with homoreactants already present. These complexes are phagocytosed, the homoreactants being demonstrable immunohistochemically in inclusions of the exudate and tissue phagocytes. In addition, the local synthesis of antigammaglobulins of rheumatoid factor type is also induced. These react with heat-aggregated homologous as well as human IgG and are likewise found in inclusions in the exudate and tissue phagocytes. In the serum of the animals the titre of rheumatoid factor-like antigammaglobulins increases to an extent depending on the number of injections given. These histochemical and serological findings show striking parallels with the findings in @entity1 @entity309 .

title: Experimental arthritis of rabbits caused by intra-articular injection of autologous Fab2 produced by digestion of IgG with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity36956 :: (100101595(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['cathepsin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of a novel, noncontact mapping system for assessing a variety of @entity591 ( @entity591 ) in @entity1 after the surgical correction of @entity299 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 14 @entity1 , an electrophysiological study using the Ensite 3000 system was performed to assess ARTs resistant to medical treatment. Sixteen different forms of @entity591 were inducible in the 14 @entity1 studied. The reentrant circuit of all ARTs could be characterized and localized with respect to anatomic landmarks such as @entity2318 , intraatrial patches/baffles, and @entity299 . In 15 of the 16 ARTs (in 13 of the 14 @entity1 ), a target area of the reentrant circuit for radiofrequency current application (ie, an area of conduction between 2 anatomical obstacles such as surgical barriers and @entity299 of electrical isolation) could be localized within the systemic venous atrium. Nine @entity1 exhibited macroreentry, and 4 showed microreentry. In 12 @entity1 , @entity591 could be terminated by creating linear radiofrequency current lesions (75 degrees C, 180 to 390 s). @entity75 after radiofrequency current delivery was proven by analyzing color-coded isopotential maps of atrial activation while applying atrial pacing techniques. The mean duration of the procedures was 286 minutes (range, 130 to 435 minutes); fluoroscopy time ranged from 7 to 33.8 minutes (mean, 17.4 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity591 after the surgical correction of @entity299 , the use of the noncontact mapping system allows for characterization of the @entity591 and guidance for effective radiofrequency current delivery.

title: Atrial reentrant @entity591 after surgery for XXXX : endocardial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation using a novel, noncontact mapping system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Completeness of linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atriotomy scars']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'ART', 'atrial reentrant tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac structures', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common precipitants of @entity565 exacerbations. @entity281 of bronchial epithelium results in local airway @entity32 inducing eosinophil recruitment and activation. Induction of eosinophil chemoattractants could represent a central mechanism, as well as a prime target for intervention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of @entity281 on mRNA expression and production of eosinophil chemoattractants by bronchial epithelial cells in-vitro. METHODS: BEAS-2B cells were infected with major and minor RVs and the mRNA expression of @entity687 , @entity5737 , @entity10557 , eotaxin, @entity28955 , @entity12869 , @entity7721 and @entity12866 was assessed by reverse transcription PCR. In cases where mRNA induction was observed, a fluoroimmunoassay was used to confirm protein production. To assess the virus-specificity of the observed reactions, cells were also exposed to inactivated RVs. RESULTS: @entity281 was able to up-regulate mRNA expression of @entity687 , @entity5737 , @entity10557 , eotaxin and @entity28955 , did not affect @entity12866 , while @entity12869 and @entity7721 were not expressed either at baseline or after @entity778 . Protein production was confirmed for @entity687 , @entity5737 and eotaxin, but not for @entity10557 . When RVs were inactivated cytokine up-regulation was almost completely lost. CONCLUSION: Infection of bronchial epithelial cells with RVs results in the production of a wide array of mediators that are able to chemoattract eosinophils. These include the eosinophil-specific molecules eotaxin and @entity28955 , in addition to @entity687 and @entity5737 , which are the most abundant. Eosinophil recruitment after @entity281 of bronchial epithelium could represent a central event in the pathogenesis of virus-induced @entity565 exacerbations.

title: @entity281 up-regulates eotaxin and XXXX expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['RV infection']

answer: @entity28955 :: (6369,Gene) :: ['eotaxin-2']


abstract: The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cupping therapy (CT) in changes on skin surface temperature (SST) for relieving chronic neck and shoulder @entity158 ( @entity15005 ) among community residents. A single-blind experimental design constituted of sixty subjects with self-perceived @entity15005 . The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The cupping group received CT at SI 15, GB 21, and @entity3162 15 acupuncture points, and the control group received no intervention. @entity158 was assessed using the SST, visual analog scale (VAS), and blood pressure (BP). The main results were SST of GB 21 acupuncture point raised from 30.6  C to 32.7  C and from 30.7  C to 30.6  C in the control group. Neck @entity158 intensity (NPI) severity scores were reduced from 9.7 to 3.6 in the cupping group and from 9.7 to 9.5 in the control group. The SST and NPI differences between the groups were statistically significant (P   <   0.001). One treatment of CT is shown to increase SST. In conjunction with the physiological effect the subjective experience of @entity15005 is reduced in intensity. Further studies are required to improve the understanding and potential long-term effects of CT.

title: The Effectiveness of Cupping Therapy on Relieving Chronic Neck and Shoulder XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Narrowband UVB phototherapy has been increasingly used in a variety of @entity66 . We planned to evaluate its efficacy in generalized @entity111 in this prospective study. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 were included and then divided into two groups: group 1 and group 2 consisted of @entity1 with @entity1381 and "idiopathic @entity111 ", respectively. Phototherapy was given three times a week. Efficacy assessments were made by means of visual analog scale (VAS) and @entity111 grading score. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 completed the treatment. Mean VAS decreased from 8.2 +/- 1.5 to 3.6 +/- 3 in group 1 and from 7.1 +/- 2.3 to 2.3 +/- 2.8 in group 2 (P < 0.0001). Mean percentage of change in VAS was 54.2% (95% CI 32.6-75.9) and 67.9% (95% CI 53.8-81.9) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Mean number of treatments was 22 in both groups. Mean cumulative UVB dose was 24,540 mJ/cm(2) and 20,801 mJ/cm(2) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Narrowband UVB is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for @entity1 with generalized @entity111 .

title: Generalized XXXX treated with narrowband UVB.

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2003 a total of 43 soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces committed suicide; only 20% of them were known to the IDF mental health services. Somatic symptoms are often the only presentation of @entity147 during the primary care visit and may be the key to early identification and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the information in the medical records of soldiers can be used to identify those suffering from @entity148 , affective or @entity2531 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study using the information in the electronic medical records of soldiers who during their 3 year service developed @entity1316 , @entity148 , or @entity2531 . A control group was matched for recruitment date, type of unit and occupation in the service, and the Performance Prediction Score. The number and reasons for physician visits were collated. RESULTS: The files of 285 soldiers were examined: 155 cases and 130 controls. The numbers of visits (mean +/- SD) during the 3 and 6 month periods in the case and control groups were 4.7 +/- 3.3 and 7.1 +/- 5.0, and 4.1 +/- 2.9 and 5.9 +/- 4.6 respectively. The difference was statistically significant only for the 6 month period (P < 0.05). The variables that remained significant, after stepwise multivariate regression were the Performance Prediction Score and the presenting complaints of back @entity158 and @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings may spur the development of a computer-generated warning for the primary care physician who will then be able to interview his or her @entity1 appropriately and identify mental distress earlier.

title: Differences between soldiers, with and without XXXX , in number of primary care medical visits and type of presenting complaints.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorder']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['emotional distress']


abstract: Cysts of the adrenal gland are very rare in the neonatal period and are always diagnosed either at surgery or at autopsy. Two @entity1 are reported. One is an @entity1 born at term in whom a mass in the left loin was discovered on the 3rd day of life. At surgery a suprarenal @entity5 was discovered and a polycystic adrenal was removed: recovery was uneventful. Histology showed a @entity5409 in the adrenocortical tissue. The diagnosis made was that of a @entity5409 . The other @entity1 is an @entity1 born at 38 weeks gestation who became @entity1087 and developed a @entity883 . A mass was found in the right lumbar region on the 3rd day. The calcified egg-shell appearance, renal arteriography and an intravenous pyelogram demonstrated the cystic appearance of the adrenal. The cystic mass and the adrenal gland were removed and the @entity1 recovered. Histological examination suggested that a @entity9007 had arisen secondary to a @entity1779 caused by a @entity887 . @entity17640 are classified as true cysts and @entity9007 (which must be distinguished from unilateral haematomas). The histological appearances are reviewed. These @entity1 may be added to the 11 neonatal case reports in the literature (9 haemorrhagic @entity9007 , only 2 true cysts). To our knowledge @entity5409 has not previously been reported.

title: [ XXXX in the newborn. Apropos of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic streptococcal septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity17640 :: ('MESH:C538015', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal cysts']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['septic embolus']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic infarct']

answer: @entity17640 :: (MESH:C538015,Disease) :: ['Adrenal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aquatic physical therapy is frequently used in the management of @entity1 with hip and @entity626 ( @entity571 ), yet there is little research establishing its efficacy for this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aquatic physical therapy on hip or knee @entity571 . SUBJECTS: A total of 71 volunteers with symptomatic hip @entity571 or knee @entity571 participated in this study. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial in which @entity1 randomly received 6 weeks of aquatic physical therapy or no aquatic physical therapy. Outcome measures included @entity158 , physical function, physical activity levels, quality of life, and muscle strength. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in less @entity158 and joint @entity2693 and greater physical function, quality of life, and hip muscle strength. Totals of 72% and 75% of @entity1 reported improvements in @entity158 and function, respectively, compared with only 17% (each) of control @entity1 . Benefits were maintained 6 weeks after the completion of physical therapy, with 84% of @entity1 continuing independently. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Compared with no intervention, a 6-week program of aquatic physical therapy resulted in significantly less @entity158 and improved physical function, strength, and quality of life. It is unclear whether the benefits were attributable to intervention effects or a placebo response.

title: Aquatic physical therapy for hip and XXXX : results of a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term air pollution exposure has been associated with age-related @entity73 , possibly because of enhanced @entity32 . Leukocytes with longer telomere length (TL) are more responsive to inflammatory stimuli, yet TL has not been evaluated in relation to air pollution and cognition. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether TL modifies the association of 1-year exposure to black @entity505 (BC), a marker of traffic-related air pollution, with cognitive function in older @entity1 , and we examined whether this modification is independent of age and of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), a marker of @entity32 . METHODS: Between 1999 and 2007, we conducted 1-3 cognitive examinations of 428 older @entity1 in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Normative Aging Study. We used covariate-adjusted repeated-measure logistic regression to estimate associations of 1-year BC exposure with relative odds of being a low scorer (<=  25) on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is a proxy of poor cognition. Confounders included age, @entity1851 , and lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Each doubling in BC level was associated with 1.57 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.05) times higher odds of low MMSE scores. The BC-MMSE association was greater only among individuals with @entity1503 (5th quintile) (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.37, 7.59; p = 0.04 for BC-by-TL-interaction). TL and @entity1851 were associated neither with each other nor with MMSE. However, @entity1851 modified the BC-MMSE relationship, with stronger associations only at higher @entity1851 (5th quintile) and reference TL level (1st quintile) (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.79; p = 0.04 for BC-by- @entity1851 -interaction). CONCLUSIONS: TL and @entity1851 levels may help predict the impact of BC exposure on cognitive function in older @entity1 . Citation: Colicino E, @entity2360 , Frisardi MC, Prada D, Power MC, Hoxha M, Dioni L, Spiro A III, Vokonas PS, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz JD, Baccarelli AA. 2017. Telomere length, long-term black @entity505 exposure, and cognitive function in a cohort of older @entity1 : the VA Normative Aging Study. Environ Health Perspect 125:76-81;   http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP241.

title: Telomere Length, Long-Term Black XXXX Exposure, and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older @entity1 : The VA Normative Aging Study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['longer blood TL']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) are @entity5 originating from neural crest-derived cells situated in the region of the @entity4148 . @entity135 ( @entity135 ) originate from the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia, most frequently from the carotid bodies and jugular, tympanic and @entity11419 , and are usually non- @entity2922 secreting. Familial @entity1823 are considered to be rare, but recently genetic syndromes including multiple @entity1823 and/or phaeochromocytomas have been more thoroughly characterised. Nowadays, genetic screening for the genes frequently implicated in both familial and sporadic cases is routinely being recommended. @entity135 are mostly benign, generally slow-growing @entity5 . Continuous growth leads to the involvement of adjacent @entity531 with increased morbidity rates and treatment-related complications. Optimal management mostly depends on @entity5 location, local involvement of @entity531 , estimated @entity5 risk, @entity1 age and general health. Surgery is the only treatment option offering the chance of cure but with significant morbidity rates, so a more conservative approach is usually considered, especially in the more difficult cases. Radiotherapy (fractionated or stereotactic radiosurgery) leads to @entity5 growth arrest and symptomatic improvement in the short term in many cases, but the long-term consequences are unclear. Early detection is essential in order to increase the chance of cure with a lower morbidity rate. The constant improvement in diagnostic imaging, surgical and radiation techniques has led to a safer management of these @entity5 , but there are still many therapeutic challenges, and no treatment algorithm has been agreed upon until now. The management of @entity135 requires a multidisciplinary effort addressing the genetic, surgical, radiotherapeutic, oncological, @entity16 . Further progress in the understanding of their pathogenesis will lead to more effective screening and earlier diagnosis, both critical to successful treatment.

title: The management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNPGLs', 'Head-and-neck PGLs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11419 :: ('MESH:C536827', 'Disease') :: ['vagal paraganglia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and endocrinological implications']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system ganglia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'PGLs']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck paragangliomas']


abstract: To the @entity1 , the sudden onset of @entity1779 is like switching to black and white on a color TV. As a rule, the defect arises due to bilateral @entity1188 in the inferior occipitotemporal region. Bilateral upper homonymous quadrantanopsias usually leave the macula more or less unimpaired, so that visual acuity is largely preserved. @entity10400 and @entity2414 are often associated with central @entity3641 . Investigations of color vision must include color-naming procedures and large-field tests in addition to the conventional methods. Color-naming tasks are indispensable in differentiating @entity1779 from the aphasic and disconnective types of @entity5547 . The authors' recommended strategy for investigating color vision relies on records of a case of @entity1779 obtained six months and two years, respectively, after the onset of symptoms. In addition to the above-mentioned procedures, spectral increment thresholds on white and colored backgrounds were determined. For the first time in @entity1779 , examinations with large-field spectral matches were performed using the projection anomaloscope. Large-field tests are indispensable for monitoring recovery in cases of central @entity3641 . In the author's @entity1 , recovery of blue-green discrimination was far more complete than that of red-yellow-green discrimination, and for both conditions large-field color vision was far superior to small-field.

title: [Cerebral XXXX (symptoms, course, differential diagnosis and examination strategy). II].

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['achromatopsia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarction']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['Prosopagnosia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['loss of topographic memory']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral achromatopsia']

entities_list: @entity5547 :: ('MESH:D000849', 'Disease') :: ['color anomia']

answer: @entity3641 :: (MESH:D003117,Disease) :: ['achromatopsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6741 signalling and farnesoid X receptor activation are assumed to be essential for @entity409 . This study was designed to investigate the association between serum @entity6741 levels and extent of @entity409 after major hepatectomy. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent left- or right-sided hemihepatectomy between 2006 and 2009 at the authors' institution were eligible for inclusion. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those undergoing hemihepatectomy with external bile drainage by cystic duct tube (group 1) and those having hemihepatectomy without drainage (group 2). Serum @entity6741 levels were measured before and after hepatectomy. Computed tomography was used to calculate liver volume before hepatectomy and remnant liver volume on day 7 after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 were enrolled. Mean(s.d.) serum @entity6741 levels on day 3 after hemihepatectomy were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (11  6(13  5) versus 2  7(2  1)   mol/l; P = 0  003). Regenerated liver volumes on day 7 after hepatectomy were significantly greater in group 2 138  1(135  9) ml versus 40  0(158  8) ml in group 1; P = 0  038). Liver regeneration volumes and rates on day 7 after hemihepatectomy were positively associated with serum @entity6741 levels on day 3 after hemihepatectomy (P = 0  006 and P < 0  001 respectively). The incidence of @entity1157 was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Initial @entity409 after major hepatectomy was less after biliary drainage and was associated with serum @entity6741 levels. External biliary drainage should be used judiciously after liver resection.

title: External biliary drainage and XXXX after major hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid', 'Bile acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that dietary @entity2036 play a role in maintaining T-cell dependent immunity. In this work, we investigated the effects of @entity377 supplementation of a @entity377 -free diet (NFD) on some immunity parameters in BALB/c @entity19 . Twenty day old @entity19 were maintained on diets for 30 days prior to use in experiments. The addition of @entity377 mixtures to NFD resulted in an increase in the response of hemolytic IgG-forming cells induced by previous immunization with @entity742 erythrocytes. When NFD was supplemented with single @entity2036 , @entity860 , @entity8077 , or UMP increased the IgG response, whereas CMP and IMP were without effect. GMP was the only @entity377 that increased the hemolytic IgM-forming cell response. Neither the contact @entity56 response to @entity18581 nor the time of @entity204 after transplantation of a @entity706 was modified by @entity377 addition to NFD. The in vitro proliferative response of splenocytes to @entity558 was not affected by @entity377 supplementation of NFD, but the ConA-driven proliferative response was increased in @entity19 fed NFD supplemented with @entity377 mixtures or with UMP. These data show that dietary @entity20133 stimulated at least some T-cell dependent immunity mechanisms. Moreover, these stimulatory effects may be obtained by supplementing a @entity377 -free diet with a mixture in which @entity20133 are at the same levels as in @entity19 breast milk.

title: Modulation of antibody-forming cell and mitogen-driven lymphoproliferative responses by dietary XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['syngenic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity20133 :: ('CHEBI:29075', 'Chemical') :: ['mononucleotides']

entities_list: @entity18581 :: ('MESH:D004139', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrofluorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity2036 :: (MESH:D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics and predictors of @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) of 2 rare distal nephron @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: All cases of histologically verified @entity1358 and @entity1358 reported to The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1995 and 2007 were considered. A number of characteristics were compared by @entity5 histology. Subset analyses were performed for metastatic @entity1 and those managed surgically. CSS was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Overall, 21 cases of @entity1358 and 227 cases of @entity1358 met the criteria for analysis. @entity1 with @entity1358 were younger (median 24 vs 63 years, P < .001), more often black (71.4% vs 22.7%, P < .001), metastatic at presentation (71.4% vs 27.8%, P < .001), and less likely to undergo surgery (61.9% vs 85.6%, P = .015) compared with @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity5 size was similar between @entity1358 and @entity1358 (median 6 vs 5 cm, P = .70). Median survival was 5 months for @entity1358 and 30 months for @entity1358 (P < .001). In metastatic @entity1358 and @entity1358 @entity1 , surgery predicted CSS (HR 4.61 and 2.24, both P  <=.05) despite having larger primary @entity5 than those managed nonsurgically (median 7.5 vs 5.0 cm, P < .01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1358 present younger, at a later stage, and are more often black than @entity1 with @entity1358 . The stage migration toward localized @entity703 is not apparent for these @entity5 . Although both @entity5 have a poor prognosis, the clinical and survival characteristics are distinct. @entity1 selected for cytoreductive surgery have improved survival.

title: Characteristics and outcomes of XXXX arising from the distal nephron.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CDC', 'tumors--medullary renal cell carcinoma', 'collecting duct carcinoma', 'MRCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity1301 (NP), a kind of environmental chemical, is thought to imitate endogenous hormones, inhibit the actions of hormones, and induce @entity854 . A number of experimental animals, usually @entity35 , have been used to evaluate the potential reproductive toxicity of NP. However, the findings of previous studies were contradictory in some cases. Therefore, we used ICR @entity19 as a biomodel for in utero study of NP. After mating, 8- to 12-week-old females were assigned to four groups (n=8) for subcutaneous injections from day 5 to 20 of gestation. Group I animals received @entity4336 oil alone as a control, while the @entity19 of groups II, III and IV received NP at concentrations of 1/1000, 1/100 and 1/10 of the LD(50), respectively. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in terminal body weights of males of the F1 generation; however, a very small negative effect was only found in the females of the @entity37595 group. No significant effect was found on the liver weights of both sexes. The weights of the testis and epididymis were slightly decreased in the @entity37595 group. The @entity37596 treatment increased ovary weight considerably. The uterus weight tended to be increased in the NP treatment groups; however, there were large variations. The gestational exposure of the groups had no significant effect on the rate of pregnancy (94.4-100%) and the number of fetuses per litter (13.6-14.3 males, 12.3-13.7 females) compared with the control group. However, the overall mortality of fetuses/embryos was increased considerably in the @entity37596 (male: 13.9%) and @entity37595 (female: 9.8%) groups. These results suggest that exposure to NP in utero possibly affects the body weight and some reproductive organ weights, but does not influence the potential fertility of the F1 generation.

title: Effect of gestational exposure to @entity1301 on the development and fertility of XXXX offspring.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['Nonylphenol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10189 due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may have contributed to the static prevalence of @entity1066 in Asia. GOAL: We aimed to determine the current etiology of peptic @entity1066 in Singapore. STUDY: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy who had not been exposed to antibiotics, or antiulcer therapy within the past 6 months, and in whom peptic @entity1066 were found, were prospectively studied. Before endoscopy, @entity1 were interviewed regarding the use of NSAID or @entity117 . During endoscopy, antral biopsies were obtained for urease test and histology. Serum @entity2871 B2 levels were compared with those of healthy volunteers. RESULTS: @entity10189 were detected in 600 @entity1 during a 2-year period. The @entity1066 were negative for @entity1534 in 212 @entity1 (35.3%) and these @entity1534 negative @entity1066 were related to NSAID use in 68.9% of cases. On the basis of serum @entity2871 B2 levels, 30.8% of the @entity1 with non- @entity1534 non-NSAID were considered to have consumed NSAID. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1534 negative peptic ulcer makes up a significant proportion of peptic ulcer in Singapore. Most of these @entity1066 were related to NSAID use. Serum @entity2871 profile suggested surreptitious NSAID use in many of the non- @entity1534 and apparently non-NSAID @entity1 .

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is a significant cause of peptic XXXX in a tertiary hospital in Singapore: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['Peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Community integration is recognized as a crucial component of recovery from serious @entity1032 . Although the construct of community integration can be measured with structured instruments, little is known about the subjective and experiential meaning of community and community involvement for @entity1 with serious @entity1032 . METHODS: In 2010, 30 individuals with serious @entity1032 treated in two public mental health clinics completed semistructured interviews that elicited the places and @entity1 that they associate with the experience of community and the larger meaning of community in their lives. RESULTS: @entity1 described four experiences as integral to their concepts of community: receiving help, minimizing risk, avoiding stigma, and giving back. @entity1 looked for @entity497 that provide reliable support, and they described the need to manage community contact in order to protect themselves and others from their symptoms and from discrimination. Most @entity1 experienced @entity497 centered on mental health treatment or mentally ill peers as providing opportunities for positive engagement. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of having a serious @entity1032 shapes preferences for and perceptions of community in pervasive ways. @entity1 described community involvement not as a means to move away from illness experiences and identities but as a process that is substantially influenced by them. Mental health @entity497 may help individuals with serious @entity1032 to both manage their illness and recognize and enjoy a sense of community. The findings indicate the need for further research on the relationship between community integration and outcome in serious @entity1032 .

title: Experiencing community: perspectives of individuals diagnosed as having serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communities']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73 is frequent in @entity1 with @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), but its etiology is unknown. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have explored the relationship between brain activation, functional connectivity, and cognitive functioning in a cohort of pediatric @entity1 with @entity4940 and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 aged 8-13 years with @entity4940 of unknown cause and 41 healthy age-matched controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and structural and functional brain MRI. We investigated to which extent brain regions activated in response to a working memory task and assessed functional connectivity between distant brain regions. Data of @entity1 were compared to controls, and @entity1 were grouped as cognitively impaired or unimpaired. KEY FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity4940 showed a global decrease in functional brain connectivity compared to healthy controls, whereas brain activation patterns in @entity1 with @entity4940 remained relatively intact. @entity1 with @entity4940 complicated by @entity73 typically showed a @entity75 . This @entity75 comprised both connections within the frontal lobe as well as connections from the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. SIGNIFICANCE: Decreased functional frontal lobe connectivity is associated with @entity73 in pediatric @entity4940 . The importance of impairment of functional integrity within the frontal lobe network, as well as its connections to distant areas, provides new insights in the etiology of the broad-range @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity4940 .

title: Frontal lobe connectivity and @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['decreased frontal lobe connectivity', 'decrease in frontal lobe connectivity']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: 261 subjects with a normal body mucosa or with superficial @entity3621 used as controls for an @entity4726 series have been followed up for 23--27 years. Of them, 41 died during the earlier and 63 during the present follow-up period. In all, 141 subjects were reexamined in 1976--1977 and 16 answered a questionnaire. None of the subjects had @entity356 or an @entity6523 . One @entity1 diagnosed and reported earlier had died of @entity356 during the present period of observation. Of the subjects with normal body mucosa 58% had developed superficial and 14% @entity4726 . Of those with superficial @entity3621 42% had developed @entity4726 and 18% showed an improvement of the gastritic changes. It should be noted, however, that earlier examinations were performed with blind biopsy and the present with direct vision gastroscopic biopsy. The state of the antral and body mucosa was similar in 53%, antral changes dominated in 33% and the changes in the body in 14%. Intestinal @entity4648 was found in 36%, atypical epithelium in 6%, parietal cell antibodies in 0.5% and intrinsic factor antibodies in 0.5%. The fasting serum @entity8243 level was above 100 ng/ml in 10%. Only 2 cases fulfilled the morphological, functional and immunological criteria of type A @entity3621 . The present controls differed from the @entity4726 series in that the topography of @entity3621 was different and in that the incidence of @entity4648 , atypia, gastric antibodies and high serum @entity8243 levels was markedly lower.

title: Long-term observation of subjects with normal mucosa and with superficial XXXX : results of 23--27 years' follow-up examinations.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['body gastritis', 'gastritis']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: Survivin, which is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family proteins, is known to play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Differential expression of survivin in @entity5 tissues introduces it as a new candidate molecular marker for @entity5 . Here we investigated the expression of survivin and its splice variants in @entity0 , as well as normal adjacent tissues obtained from the same @entity1 . Thirty five @entity5 and 17 normal adjacent tissues from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were explored in this study. Differential expression of different survivin splice variants was detected and semiquantitatively analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that survivin and its splice variants were differentially expressed in @entity5 specimens compared with normal adjacent tissues. The expression of survivin-3B and survivin-3a was specifically detected in @entity5 tissues compared with normal adjacent ones (53% in @entity5 tissues compared to 5% in normal adjacent for survivin-3B and 65% in @entity5 tissues and 0.0% in normal adjacent tissues for survivin-3a). Statistical analysis showed that survivin and survivin-/\Ex3 were upregulated in benign (90%, p<0.034) and malignant (76%, p<0.042) @entity5 , respectively. On the other hand, our results showed that survivin-2a (100% of the cases) was the dominant expressed variant of survivin in @entity0 . The data presented here showed that survivin splice variants were differentially expressed in benign and malignant @entity0 tissues, suggesting their potential role in @entity0 development. Differential expression of survivin-2a and survivin-3a splice variants highlights their usefulness as new candidate markers for @entity0 diagnosis and prognosis.

title: Transcriptional expression analysis of survivin splice variants reveals differential expression of survivin-3a in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This retrospective study describes a technique and evaluates outcome associated with laparoscopic splenic biopsy in @entity235 and @entity468 . Medical records of @entity235 (n = 10) and @entity468 (n = 5) that had a laparoscopic splenic biopsy performed as part of their diagnostic evaluation for @entity262 were evaluated. Splenic biopsies were performed with the @entity1 in dorsal recumbency using a two-portal approach. In some cases, concurrent organ biopsy was also performed. A pair of 5 mm cup biopsy forceps was used for biopsy collection, and an absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge was placed at the biopsy site to aid in hemostasis. All @entity1 recovered without major complications. Conversion to an open surgical approach was not required. Median survival time was 180 days, and nine @entity1 were alive at the time of manuscript preparation. Four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 ; however, only one had @entity5 involving the spleen. Median survival time for the nonneoplasia group (n = 11) was 300 days. Eight of those @entity1 were alive at time of manuscript preparation. Minimal morbidity was observed in this cohort of clinical @entity1 . Histopathology may be preferred over cytology in some clinical situations, and laparoscopic splenic biopsy provides a minimally invasive diagnostic option.

title: Laparoscopic splenic biopsy in XXXX and @entity468 : 15 cases (2006-2008).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recurrent @entity63 events in Chinese @entity1 with symptomatic extracranial or @entity932 caused by @entity117 or @entity1397 resistance are well known. We aimed to identify the contribution of genetic variants to the events. METHODS: @entity1 with symptomatic extracranial or @entity932 receiving dual antiplatelet treatment for at least 5  days were enrolled in this study. The primary endpoint was a composite of @entity63 events, including recurrent @entity63 , @entity64 , @entity583 , and vascular-related mortality. Twenty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed and genotyped. The clinical characteristics of enrolled @entity1 were collected from medical records. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on the recurrent @entity63 events of the @entity1 was examined. RESULTS: A total of 377 @entity1 were included. During a 12-month follow-up, the composite primary endpoint was observed in 64 @entity1 . The @entity4433 *3 ( @entity36782 ) may increase the occurrence of the primary composite endpoint (OR  =  2.56, 95  % CI  =  1.29-5.10, P  =  0.007), and the mutation of @entity2601 @entity36783 was associated with the decreased recurrence of @entity63 events (OR  =  0.53, 95  % CI  =  0.30-0.94, P  =  0.029). The other SNPs that were tested did not have statistically significant associations with the composite endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: For Chinese @entity1 with symptomatic extracranial or @entity932 treated with @entity1397 , @entity4433 *3 mutation was associated with an increased risk of @entity63 events, and the mutation of @entity36783 in @entity2601 is associated with a decreased risk of recurrent @entity63 events. Testing these two SNPs could be of value in the identification of @entity1 at risk for recurrent @entity63 events.

title: Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to @entity1397 or @entity117 pharmacology on clinical outcome in Chinese @entity1 with symptomatic extracranial or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial stenosis']


abstract: Effects of @entity3739 red on isotonic @entity4338 induced contracture (K-contracture), cellular 45Ca uptake and 45 Ca binding to surface membranes were examined in the smooth muscle cells of @entity840 taenia coli. These results were compared with those using @entity3740 ( @entity11329 ). The tonic component of the K-contracture was selectively inhibited by 1 mM @entity3739 red. In contrast, 1 mM @entity11329 inhibited the phasic component of the K-contracture to a large extent. Use of 1 mM @entity3739 red selectively inhibited the tonic component of K-contracture and caused a marked decrease in cellular 45Ca uptake in that component of K-contracture. In contrast, 1 mM @entity11329 largely inhibited the phasic component and caused a significant decrease in cellular 45Ca in that component. According to Scatchard plot analysis, there are two kinds of @entity141 binding sites of high and low affinity, respectively, on the surface membrane of the taenia coli. One mM @entity3739 red suppressed those of low affinity more strongly than those of high affinity. In contrast, 1 mM @entity11329 suppressed high affinity sites more markedly than low affinity sites. Based on these results, it seems possible to conclude that @entity3739 red mainly blocks the initial binding sites linked with @entity141 influx which is related to the production of the tonic component while @entity11329 blocks those sites related to the phasic component of the K-contracture of @entity840 taenia coli.

title: Selective inhibition of potassium contracture in XXXX taenia coli by @entity3739 red.

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of non-ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) angiography to describe pulmonary and coronary defects in @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out on @entity215 @entity1 having undergone pre-operative non-ECG-gated CT angiography between February 2007 and September 2012. The following clinical parameters were recorded: mean age at CT angiography, sex, the existence of @entity74 and the need to sedate the @entity1 prior to CT angiography. CT data were analyzed retrospectively to determine the site(s) of @entity849 (infundibular, valvular or arterial), the size of pulmonary arteries and the presence of anomalous coronary artery courses. CT findings were then compared to the anatomy observed during surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age was 4.30  1.91months ( @entity1 / @entity1 =17/18). Two @entity1 had associated @entity2526 (one 22q11 microdeletion and one @entity11339 ). Sixteen @entity1 (45.71%) were sedated prior to CT. Pulmonary artery assessment revealed 24 @entity1 (68.57%) with @entity3888 , 5 (17.5%) with infundibular and/or @entity849 , and 6 (21%) with @entity358 . CT angiography also evidenced anomalous coronary arteries in 8 @entity1 (22.85%). CONCLUSION: Due to its reduced scanning time and high spatial resolution, non-ECG-gated CT angiography is a non-invasive imaging modality that provides accurate information on pulmonary and coronary artery anatomy in @entity1 with @entity215 .

title: Detection of pulmonary and coronary artery anomalies in XXXX using non-ECG-gated CT angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['infundibular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['CHARGE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome disorders']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy for operable @entity0 initially not suitable for breast-conserving surgery. A pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be a surrogate for longer overall survival, but this beneficial effect remains to be established. This phase III trial evaluated whether doubling the number of cycles of neoadjuvant treatment increased the pCR rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity0 (T1-4a-c, N+/-, M0; stage I to III) were eligible and randomly assigned to either three or six cycles of @entity1259 75 mg/m2 and @entity1205 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity1261 on days 3 through 10 (ED+G), every 21 days. The primary end point was the pCR rate of the @entity0 . Secondary end points were pathologic nodal status after surgery and the rate of breast-conserving surgery. RESULTS: A total of 292 @entity1 were accrued, and 288 @entity1 were assessable for efficacy and safety. Groups were well balanced for known prognostic factors. Six cycles of ED+G, compared with three cycles, resulted in a significantly higher pCR rate (18.6% v 7.7%, respectively; P = .0045), a higher percentage of @entity1 with negative axillary status (56.6% v 42.8%, respectively; P = .02), and a trend towards more breast-conserving surgery (75.9% v 66.9%, respectively; P = .10). Rates of adverse events were similar, and no @entity1 died on treatment. CONCLUSION: Doubling the number of neoadjuvant ED+G cycles from three to six results in higher rates of pCR and negative axillary nodal status with no excess of adverse effects. Thus, six cycles of ED+G should be the standard neoadjuvant treatment for operable @entity0 if this combination is chosen.

title: Pathologic complete response with six compared with three cycles of neoadjuvant XXXX plus @entity1205 and @entity1261 in operable @entity0 : results of ABCSG-14.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer downstages tumors', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: Surgical repair of @entity339 is one of the most complex reconstructive techniques in cardiac surgery. Various surgical procedures have been described to repair @entity854 of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with unpredictable results. Mitral valve replacement is usually recommended in that situation. This report describes a simple repair technique that we have devised. We resected one or two marginal chordae of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in 35 @entity742 and replaced them with a double-armed, pledget-supported, expanded @entity736 suture. The 30 surviving animals were studied hemodynamically and were electively put to death 3, 6, 9, 18, and 24 months after the operation. @entity339 did not develop in any of the @entity742 . All specimens had a normal mitral valve without @entity715 . The @entity736 suture remained pliable and was incorporated into the anterior leaflet and papillary muscle. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the suture was completely covered by a sheath of tissue with a collagen structure remarkably similar to that of a native chorda. Calcification was not detected in the new chordae. This reproducible and safe technique may considerably simplify the difficult repair of @entity854 .

title: Generation of chordae tendineae with XXXX stents. Results of mitral valve chordal replacement in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured or elongated chordae tendineae of the mitral valve', 'Mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['chordal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: This prospective, multi-center, observational study of 2069 multiple @entity130 @entity1 evaluated the prognostic significance of the posttrauma @entity51 ( @entity51 ) on hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission to hemodynamic changes, volume and transfusion requirements, @entity880 and coagulation, as well as mortality. Furthermore, the importance of the @entity51 development throughout a @entity1 's course of @entity3124 from the time of injury to ICU admission is analyzed as a prognostic factor for fatal outcome. The data were obtained by the @entity130 registry of the 'Deutsche Gesellschaft f  r Unfallchirurgie.' The @entity1 were subdivided into five categories of increasing @entity51 values on hospital and ICU admission: Category I, @entity51 < or = -2; Category II, -2 < @entity51 < or = 2; Category III, 2 < @entity51 < or = 6; Category IV, 6 < @entity51 < or = 10; and Category V, @entity51 > 10. A statistical analysis was performed by means of the ANOVA and chi-square tests. In 1264 (61.1%) of 2069 multiple @entity130 @entity1 (age 39 +/- 19 years, 70.0% males, injury severity score 22 +/- 13, 18.6% mortality), the @entity51 was documented on hospital and in 1536 (74.2%) @entity1 on ICU admission. At both points in time, an increase in the @entity51 category was associated with a significant @entity551 and prothrombin time as well as increases in heart rate, @entity880 level and mortality (P < 0.0001). Also transfusion requirements (Category I: 4.5 +/- 7.7 and Category V: 13.7 +/- 13.0 packed red blood cells) increased significantly on hospital admission (P < 0.0001) with a worsening in the @entity51 category. Mortality increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with a worsening of @entity51 from hospital to ICU admission (from a mortality of 13% in @entity1 with a hospital and an ICU admission @entity51 of <6 to 45% in @entity1 with a hospital and an ICU admission @entity51 of >6). These data show that the @entity51 is an early available important indicator to identify @entity130 @entity1 with @entity1344 , high transfusion requirements, metabolic and coagulatory decompensation, as well as a high probability of @entity204 . The @entity51 development may help to guide an early and aggressive therapy for the @entity130 / @entity548 induced tissue @entity519 .

title: Base deficit development and its prognostic significance in posttrauma @entity3124 : an analysis by the XXXX registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft f  r unfallchirurgie.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'base deficit']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a disastrous complication. No clear guidelines describing specific management strategies for @entity281 after RSA are available. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 20 @entity1 treated for @entity281 after RSA. Initial irrigation and debridement and exchange of the @entity691 inlay were performed in seven @entity1 , and initial two-stage revision was performed in 12 and initial resection arthroplasty in one @entity1 . @entity1 charts were reviewed for risk factors, clinical symptoms and investigations of those symptoms, pre- and postoperative X-rays, interval until revision surgery, causative bacteria, complications, final clinical outcome and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean overall postoperative Constant-Murley Score (CMS) was 42.6 points, the mean UCLA score was 20.8, the mean simple shoulder test (SST) was 5.5, and the mean VAS was 1.5. When comparing the CMS, UCLA score and the SST between the revision RSA group and the resection group, significant differences between the groups were found (p<0.05). Irrigation, debridement and exchange of the @entity691 inlay were successful only in two of the four @entity1 with @entity697 . The three @entity1 with subacute @entity281 were treated with initial irrigation and debridement and exchange of the @entity691 inlay, which were not successful. CONCLUSION: The relatively high @entity1 satisfaction can be explained by the low pain level once the @entity1 is free from @entity281 . However, functional results are poor in most cases, and this possible outcome must be discussed with the @entity1 in the preoperative setting.

title: Treatment strategies for XXXX after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity651 commonly occurs in the setting of systemic @entity32 occurring during @entity2348 . There has been little work quantifying different leukocytes within the different compartments of the lung and their association with @entity651 in @entity295 . We examined the pathogenesis of @entity651 after @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ), a clinically relevant model of @entity295 . To assess the sequestration and migration of leukocytes, leukocyte differentials were obtained for the lung vascular compartment and the bronchoalveolar airspace. At 24 h post @entity1588 , there were signs of @entity4 in the lung, while at 48 h after @entity1588 , there were clear indications of alveolar wall thickening with increased cellularity and @entity548 . The number of lymphocytes in the pulmonary vascular compartment dropped by 50% and doubled in the (bronchoalveolar lavage) BAL, 24 h after @entity1588 compared to sham controls suggesting that there was transendothelial migration of lymphocytes. At 48 h after @entity1588 , lymphocyte numbers in the vasculature was similar to controls but BAL lymphocyte numbers were still raised. The number of @entity358 neutrophils were similar to controls at 24 h post @entity1588 but were greatly elevated 48 h after @entity1588 . The increase in neutrophils was partly due to a substantial increase in the percentage of immature band cells, indicating recruitment of neutrophils from the bone marrow. There were very few neutrophils in the BAL of sham controls and @entity1588 @entity35 . Perfusate monocyte/macrophages were significantly increased 48 h after @entity1588 and a similar increase in macrophages was observed in the BAL. These results strongly suggest a role for lymphocytes and macrophages in the development of @entity651 as the migration of these cells corresponds to that of the appearance of @entity651 48 h after @entity1588 . Importantly our data also demonstrates the compartmentalization and migration of different inflammatory cell-types during the development of @entity295 .

title: Lung compartmentalization of inflammatory cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['overt lung injury', 'Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary intravascular']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Experiments were designed to look at the relationship between infective dose and disease severity using 2 clones of @entity21552 that differ in virulence. We asked whether there were dose-severity relationships, whether clone differences in virulence were maintained over a range of doses, and whether disease severity could be accounted for by parasite dynamics. Groups of @entity19 were infected with parasite doses differing by an order of magnitude, ranging from 100 to 1 x 10(8) parasites. Infective dose affected the probability of @entity204 , but only with the more virulent clone. Dose also affected morbidity. For both clones, higher doses induced greater @entity417 . Larger doses caused greater weight loss, but only for infections with the more virulent clone. Here, for a given dose, @entity19 lost a fixed amount of weight, irrespective of their initial weight. Larger doses induced earlier mortality and morbidity than did lower dose treatments. Finally, dose affected parasite dynamics, with earlier and higher peak parasite densities in larger dose infections. All these effects were small relative to clone differences in disease severity, which were apparent across the range of doses. Dose effects were manifested through the timing and/or magnitude of peak parasite densities, broadly supporting the idea that dose affects disease severity by altering the time the host has to control parasite densities and ameliorate the effects of parasites. We discuss the possible efficacy of intervention strategies aimed at reducing @entity1 disease severity by reducing infective parasite dose.

title: The effect of parasite dose on disease severity in the rodent malaria XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']

answer: @entity21552 :: (5825,Species) :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']


abstract: From April 1, 1995, to December 31, 1995, 45 @entity1 undergoing diagnostic or operative laparoscopy for @entity249 , @entity2371 , or both, were found to have @entity46 . No @entity1 had undergone any preoperative medical or surgical treatment for the disease. Preoperatively they answered a questionnaire, including a visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate their associated symptoms. All visible signs of @entity46 were evaluated at laparoscopy by a single observer and recorded. Endometriosis was classified as cysts, adhesions, typical implants (black-blue powder burn implants), and atypical implants (clear papules, red @entity1127 , @entity75 , red-brown vesicles, white opacification, peritoneal defects). The revised American Fertility Society (AFS) score was also used to stage the disease. The VAS scale for @entity1834 correlated significantly with the AFS total score (Pearson's r = 0.510, p <0.001), the cyst subscore (r = 0.490, p <0.001), and the adhesion subscore (r = 0.381, p <0.01). There was no correlation between the VAS scale for @entity1834 and the AFS implant subscore (r = 0.019), or with the total number of @entity46 implants (r = 0.160), the number of typical implants (r = 0.025), or the number of atypical implants (r = 0.161). The AFS score for @entity46 , devised primarily to formulate a prognosis in @entity249 @entity1 , seems to be correlated also with @entity46 -associated @entity1834 . Although atypical implants produce higher amounts of @entity3774 compared with typical implants, the present study does not support the suggested association between them and the severity of @entity1834 .

title: Endometriosis-Associated XXXX Is Not Related to Typical or Atypical Peritoneal Implants

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['flamelike lesions']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['Dysmenorrhea']


abstract: @entity731 , the main cause of @entity741 , is a process with relevant inflammatory components, in which LDL- @entity165 , largely emphasized in the last years as a "causal" factor following the improvement in prognosis with @entity165 -lowering agents, is only one of the culprits. Despite the use of new @entity165 -lowering drugs, @entity731 will likely continue to be the main cause of death in Western countries. Furthermore, the statistical relationship between @entity165 and cardiovascular mortality only explains a relatively minor component of differences in mortality among diverse countries. For these reasons, the interest in preventive approaches complementary or alternative to @entity165 reduction should be one of the main objectives of cardiovascular research in the years to come. Already in the '70s the very low incidence of @entity731 in Mediterranean countries (Greece and Southern Italy) and the importance of the "dietary factor" in such protection were noticed. Diets for @entity1 in these countries are, among other components, very rich in @entity3952 , the main constituent of olive oil, with about 29% of daily caloric intake derived from @entity6221 . @entity3952 , besides exerting relatively minor effects on the quantitative and qualitative regulation of @entity165 levels, appears to interfere directly with the inflammatory response that characterizes early atherogenesis. The endothelial expression of adhesion molecules for circulating monocytes, induced by inflammatory cytokines, minimally oxidized LDL and the advanced glycation end-products present in @entity6 , substantially contributes to the onset and early progression of @entity731 . In an in vitro model of early atherogenesis based on cultured endothelial cells stimulated by cytokines, we observed that the incorporation of @entity3952 in total cell lipids--mostly at the expenses of @entity1718 --decreases the expression of several endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules, among which @entity4725 , involved in the selective monocyte recruitment in the arterial intima. @entity3952 also determines a parallel reduction in messenger RNA for this molecule, interfering with the activation of the most important transcription factor controlling endothelial activation, nuclear factor-kappa B. Thus, possibly in concert with other more highly @entity1474 , @entity3952 may contribute to the prevention of @entity731 also through a modulation of gene expression for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules. This series of investigations emphasizes the possibility of preventive interventions in @entity731 based on the modulation of vascular response to classical "triggers" ( @entity165 , advanced glycation end-products of @entity6 ), an intervention strategy fundamentally different from--and thereby complementary to--those now more in fashion.

title: Direct vascular antiatherogenic effects of XXXX : a clue to the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet.

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic diseases', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether there is a significant relationship between an increased frequency of exacerbations and the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) decline in @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS-MEASUREMENTS: About 102 @entity1030 @entity1 (44 smokers, 58 ex-smokers) participated in a 3-year prospective study. Exacerbations were identified as worsening of @entity1 's respiratory symptoms as recorded on diary cards. Spirometry was performed every 6 months. The effect of frequent exacerbations on lung function was investigated using random effects models. RESULTS: The median (mean(95% CI)) annual exacerbation rate was 2.85 (3.1 (2.7-3.6)). @entity1 with an annual exacerbation rate over the median rate had significantly lower baseline post-bronchodilation FEV(1)(%pred), higher MRC dyspnoea score and chronic cough compared to @entity1 who had an annual exacerbation rate less than the median. The average annual rate of FEV(1)(%pred), adjusted for smoking decline (DeltaFEV(1)), was found significantly increased in frequent compared to infrequent exacerbators (P=0.017). The highest DeltaFEV(1) was observed in smokers frequent exacerbators and a significant interaction between exacerbation frequency and DeltaFEV(1) was also observed in ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that an increased frequency of exacerbations is significantly associated with FEV(1) decline even in ex-smokers. Thus, smoking and frequent exacerbations may have both negative impact on lung function. Smoking cessation and prevention of exacerbations should be a major target in @entity1030 .

title: Exacerbations and lung function decline in XXXX : new insights in current and ex-smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']