abstract: Conventionally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are generated by plating cells from bone marrow (BM) or other sources into culture flasks and selecting plastic-adherent cells with fibroblastoid morphology. These cells express @entity6460 , @entity2282 , @entity10793 , @entity12359 , CD105, @entity2394 , and other markers but show only a weak or no expression of the @entity2085 stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), @entity4729 and nanog-3. Using a novel protocol we prepared MSC from BM and non-amniotic placenta (PL) by culture of Ficoll-selected cells in gelatin-coated flasks in the presence of a serum-free, @entity540 ( @entity540 )-containing medium that was originally designed for the expansion of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (ESC). MSC generated in gelatin-coated flasks in the presence of ESC medium revealed a four-to fivefold higher proliferation rate than conventionally prepared MSC which were grown in uncoated flasks in serum-containing medium. In contrast, the colony forming unit fibroblast number was only 1.5- to twofold increased in PL-MSC and not affected in BM-MSC. PL-MSC grown in ESC medium showed an increased surface expression of SSEA-4 and @entity29656 ( @entity29656 ), an increased @entity4729 and nestin mRNA expression, and an induced expression of nanog-3. BM-MSC showed an induced expression of @entity29656 , nanog-3, and @entity4729 . In contrast to PL-MSC, only BM-MSC expressed the MSC-specific W8B2 antigen. When cultured under appropriate conditions, these MSC gave rise to functional adipocytes and osteoblast-like cells (mesoderm), glucagon and insulin expressing pancreatic-like cells (endoderm), as well as cells expressing the neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase, @entity367 decarboxylase-67 (GAD), or class III beta-tubulin, and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (ectoderm). In conclusion, using a novel protocol we demonstrate that adult BM-and neonatal PL-derived MSC can be induced to express high levels of @entity29656 , @entity4729 , nanog-3, and nestin and are able of multi-lineage differentiation.

title: XXXX placenta and bone marrow derived MSC cultured in serum-free, @entity540 -containing medium express cell surface @entity29656 and SSEA-4 and give rise to multilineage differentiation.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic markers']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['b-FGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A @entity5336 complex, [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O], of different morphologies has been obtained via a modified hydrothermal procedure using @entity4605 and @entity48426 salt as the starting material. The evolved [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanobelts are of 50-200 nm in width and of a length up to several millimeters. At higher temperatures (600   C), the solid [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanostructures are converted to @entity18251 ( @entity18251 ) and @entity24229 ( @entity4962 ) when heated in air and @entity1568 atmosphere, respectively. During growth, the mechanism of the evolution of octahedra, truncated octahedra, and hollow truncated octahedra of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] are reported for the first time. These types of well-structured morphology are also isolated while @entity18251 and @entity4962 are evolved. The as-grown belt-like and octahedral morphologies of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] are retained during the solid-state transformation, suggesting a route to evolve crystalline nanomaterials. Again, the morphological evolution of the [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanostructures has been examined to be @entity4605 and precursor @entity48426 (VS) concentration dependent. Thus, we are able to isolate truncated octahedra as an intermediate during the formation of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanobelts and nanoflowers with a high @entity4605 (Py) concentration. Interestingly, longer reaction times successively featured the transformation of truncated octahedra into nanobelts. Nanobelt evolution is not observed at low @entity4605 concentrations. However, the formation of octahedral morphology takes place at low @entity4605 concentration. All of the nanostructures were critically examined and characterized thoroughly by various physical techniques to ascertain their purity, structure and composition. An interesting, thermodynamically stable, single crystalline product from DMF soluble [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] has been characterized, which indirectly supports the composition of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O]. Selectively, @entity18251 nanobelts have been found to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidative coupling of @entity28744 to binaphthols under a molecular @entity26 atmosphere.

title: Solid-state transformation of single precursor XXXX complex nanostructures to @entity18251 and @entity4962 : catalytic activity of @entity18251 for oxidative coupling of @entity28744 .

entities_list: @entity4605 :: ('MESH:C023666', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18251 :: ('MESH:C066075', 'Chemical') :: ['V2O5', 'vanadium pentoxide']

entities_list: @entity48426 :: ('MESH:C034028', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadyl sulfate', 'VOSO4']

entities_list: @entity24229 :: ('CHEBI:30047', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium']

answer: @entity5336 :: (MESH:D014639,Chemical) :: ['vanadium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7012 Background: Subgroup analyses of JBR.10 and the LACE meta-analysis suggest that the elderly benefit from ACT with acceptable @entity137 . Here we evaluate uptake of ACT and its impact on outcome by age group in the general population of Ontario. METHODS: All @entity1149 cases surgically resected in Ontario 2001-2006 were identified from the population-based Ontario @entity5 Registry. Electronic treatment records were linked to the registry. Uptake of ACT was compared across age groups: <70, 70-74, 75-79, 80+ years. As a proxy of benefit from ACT, we compared survival of cases diagnosed in 2004-2006 to 2001-2003 (ACT trials reported in 2004). Hospitalization rates within 6 months of surgery served as a proxy of treatment related @entity137 . RESULTS: 2763/6304 (44%) eligible cases were elderly (>= 70 yrs). The elderly were more often male, had more co-morbidities and longer postoperative stays. They were less likely to have @entity420 , undergo pneumonectomy or be treated at a regional @entity5 center. Uptake of ACT in the elderly increased from 3.3% in 2001-2003 to 16.2% in 2004-2006 (p<0.001). Adoption of ACT declined with age: 43% in <70yrs, 23% in 70-74yrs, 13% in 75-79yrs and 5% in 80+yrs (p<0.001). Among evaluable elderly cases 70% received @entity900 , 28% @entity3003 (versus 85% and 14% of cases <70yrs [p=0.005]). Dose modifications and drug substitutions were similar across age groups. In the elderly, 4-yr survival increased from 47.1% in 2001-2003 to 49.9% in 2004-2006 (p=0.01). Hospitalization rates within 6-24 weeks of surgery were similar across the age groups (p=0.54). Age, pathological stage, and geographical region were independently associated with receipt of ACT in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of ACT in the elderly was associated with significant improvement in overall survival without apparent increase in severe @entity137 as judged by hospital admission. Our findings confirm that the benefits of ACT in the elderly, suggested by the relevant clinical trials, are being realized in the general population. Efforts to understand and improve underutilization of ACT in the elderly in clinical practice are needed.

title: Adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for @entity1149 ( XXXX ) in the elderly: A population-based outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: With the improved life expectancy of @entity8674 major @entity1 , new clinical problems, such as @entity393 , must be evaluated. To determine the incidence of @entity1274 and its relationship to @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ), 128 @entity1 receiving subcutaneous @entity10775 in doses from 21 to 39 mg/kg/day were studied. These @entity1 had received their total weekly dose of @entity10775 according to two different methods. The first group (QOD group of 52%) had received it on an every other day basis. The second group (QD group of 48%) had received it on 6 days a week. Otological examinations and pure tone audiometry were performed on the @entity1 as they routinely visited Shiraz Cooley's Center, to find a possible correlation between the dose and duration of therapy. 56 @entity1 (44%) in both groups had no evidence of drug-induced @entity2167 . Of the @entity1 in the QOD group 44.7% had @entity393 in the right ear and 41.8% in the left ear at a frequency of 8,000 Hz compared to the QD group, 27.8 and 23%, respectively (with p < 0.047 and p < 0.02, respectively). No correlation was found between the duration of @entity10775 therapy and sensorineural deficit. A significant correlation was found between the dose of drug given at each episode of @entity10775 therapy and @entity393 at the frequency of 8,000 Hz, when comparing the QOD group with the QD group. Hence, it may be concluded that @entity10775 @entity2167 is determined not only by the total amount of the drug given, but also by its maximal plasma concentration. Thus we suggest periodical audiologic checkups and a low dosage of @entity10775 (below 50 mg/kg/day) given on at least 5-6 days a week for the prevention and prompt diagnosis of audiologic complications.

title: Evaluation of the incidence of @entity1274 in @entity8674 major XXXX under regular chelation therapy with @entity5532 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory abnormalities', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Anesthesia during asleep-awake craniotomy should provide adequate analgesia and sedation whereas permitting language testing. In this work, we used the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) to quantify the sympatho-vagal balance and better evaluate @entity1 's stress response during asleep-awake craniotomy. @entity1 admitted to our hospital for @entity5 resection with language testing were studied (n=21, age range: 22 to 53 y ). Heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure were collected at 5 time points: T1: preanesthesia; T2: dura mater opening; T3: cortical mapping; T4: subcortical mapping; T5: dura mater suturing. @entity1 were anesthetized with @entity1875 / @entity1937 infusion and ventilated via laryngeal mask during T2, but were awakened for language testing at T3 and T4, and resedated with @entity1937 during T5. At each time point, HRV was analyzed by power spectrum analysis: overall variance, very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) powers, and LF/HF ratio (an index of prevalence of sympathetic over parasympathetic tone) were derived. A significant @entity551 was observed from time point T3 through T5 (P<0.05, compared with T1). HRV analysis revealed that the LF/HF ratio progressively increased to reach values during T4 that were significantly higher than preanesthesia values (P<0.05). During T5, LF/HF ratio returned to preanesthesia level. HRV analysis confirmed the presence of moderate intraoperative stress response, indicating a significant increase in the LF/HF ratio during the awake phases. This information might help in tailoring the protocol and the duration of awake phase according to the individual autonomic response.

title: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability during asleep-awake craniotomy for XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increase in both heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality rates of salvage surgery in @entity1 with local recurrence of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) after radiotherapy are high. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of occult neck node @entity3 and the surgical morbidity of @entity1 after salvage surgery for local relapse after definitive radiotherapy. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 who underwent salvage surgery with a simultaneous neck node dissection for a local relapse after definitive radiotherapy for @entity213 between 1992 and 2000 were included in this study. The primary @entity5 sites were oral cavity in six @entity1 , oropharynx in 17, supraglottic larynx in three, and hypopharynx in four. Initially, seven @entity1 had @entity9212 , eight had T3, and 15 had T4. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (40%) experienced @entity260 , including two @entity204 . There was no cervical @entity1600 (pN0) in 29 of the 30 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 (50%) had a recurrence after salvage surgery, including 11 new local recurrences and four @entity1 with distant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of neck node @entity3 during salvage surgery for local recurrence in @entity1 treated initially with radiation for N0 @entity213 is low. Neck dissection should be performed in only limited area, depending on the surgical procedure used for @entity5 resection.

title: Treatment of the N0 neck during salvage surgery after radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: In recent years evidence has accumulated indicating the presence of functional receptors for most neurotransmitters on astrocytes. In particular, receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase have been demonstrated, in primary astrocyte cultures, for vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity9620 ), @entity1063 (NA) and @entity859 . Here we provide, in primary cultures of cerebral cortical astrocytes prepared from neonatal @entity19 , a detailed characterization of a @entity268 -dependent process elicited by @entity9620 , NA and @entity859 , i.e. the hydrolysis of glycogen. The EC50s for the glycogenolytic effect of @entity9620 , NA and @entity859 are 3, 20 and 800 nM, respectively. The initial rate of glycogen hydrolysis is, in nmol/mg prot/min, 9.1 for @entity9620 and 7.5 for NA. The effect of NA is predominantly mediated by beta-adrenoceptors, although an alpha 1-adrenergic component, acting most likely through protein kinase C activation, is also present. The action of @entity9620 is mimicked by peptides sharing sequence homologies such as PHI and secretin. @entity2227 , @entity1246 , @entity5402 and the peptides NPY and @entity1943 do not influence glycogen levels. The glycogen content of the cultures can be markedly increased by anabolic factors present in fetal calf serum, by high (e.g. 25 mM) @entity413 in the medium and by 48-h pretreatment of the cultures with @entity8279 . These results indicate that the glycogen content of astrocytes is under the dynamic control of various factors, including certain neurotransmitters. They also further stress the notion of a functional interaction between neurons and glial cells aimed at maintaining local energy metabolism homeostasis.

title: Characterization of the glycogenolysis elicited by vasoactive intestinal peptide, @entity1063 and XXXX in primary cultures of @entity19 cerebral cortical astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Flow diverter devices became available in our department in 2009. We considered treatment with flow diverters only in @entity1 with @entity439 not suitable for surgery or conventional endovascular techniques. This paper presents our preliminary experience with flow diverters in a consecutive series of 550 endovascular @entity439 treatments. Between January 2009 and July 2013, 550 endovascular treatments for @entity438 were performed. Of these, 490 were first-time @entity439 treatments in 464 @entity1 and 61 were additional treatments of previously coiled @entity439 in 51 @entity1 . Endovascular treatments consisted of selective coiling in 445 (80.8%), stent-assisted coiling in 68 (12.4%), balloon-assisted coiling in 13 (2.4%), parent vessel occlusion in 12 (2.2%) and flow diverter treatment in 12 (2.2%). Eleven @entity1 with 12 @entity439 were treated with flow diverters. Two @entity1 had ruptured dissecting @entity439 . One @entity1 with a basilar trunk @entity439 died of acute in stent @entity715 and another @entity1 died of brain stem ischaemia at 32 months follow-up. One @entity1 had ischaemia with permanent @entity51 . Two @entity439 are still open at up to 30 months follow-up. Flow diversion was used in 2% of all endovascular treatments. Both our own poor results and the high complication rates reported in the literature have converted our initial enthusiasm to apprehension and hesitancy. The safety and efficacy profile of flow diversion should discourage the use of these devices in @entity439 that can be treated with other techniques.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX in the flow diverter era: frequency of use and results in a consecutive series of 550 treatments in a single centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: @entity4269 is a localized, acquired lymphatic microcirculatory disturbance that affects large numbers of @entity1 after @entity0 therapy. There is a paucity of objective methods to quantitate lymphatic function and to anticipate the response to therapeutic interventions. We applied radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy to evaluate lymphatic transport and axillary lymph node visualization in @entity1 following @entity0 therapy to determine the utility of these data in these @entity1 . Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after subcutaneous injection of 0.25 mCi of Tc-filtered @entity599 colloid. Subcutaneous accumulation of radiotracer ('dermal backflow') and the visualization of axillary lymph nodes were graded using our own scoring system. The ratio of radioactivity within the affected to normal axillae (ARR) was also quantified. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity4269 after @entity0 therapy were evaluated. The disease severity was documented by serial measurements of the limb volume using the truncated cone formula. Responses to therapy were quantified after completion of the therapy. There was a correlation between the ARR and the percentage reduction in @entity4 volume. The lymphoscintigraphic score correlated with the initial arm volume excess and with the durationof @entity4269 . It can be concluded that quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment by radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy represents a potentially useful tool for the clinical assessment of upper extremity @entity4269 .

title: Quantitative radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy predicts outcome of manual lymphatic therapy in XXXX -related lymphedema of the upper extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-invasive imaging of the inflammatory process can provide great insight into a wide variety of disease states, aiding diagnosis, evaluation and effective targeted treatment. During @entity32 , blood borne leukocytes are recruited, through a series of activation and adhesion steps, to the site of @entity130 where they migrate across the blood vessel wall into the tissue. Thus, tracking leukocyte recruitment and accumulation provides a dynamic and localised read out of inflammatory events. Current leukocyte imaging techniques require ex vivo labelling of @entity1 blood, involving laborious processing and potential risks to both @entity1 and laboratory staff. Utilising high affinity ligands for leukocyte specific receptors may allow for injectable tracers that label leukocytes in situ, omitting potentially hazardous ex vivo handling. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors involved in the @entity6722 and inflammatory functioning of leukocytes. Highly expressed on leukocytes, and up-regulated during inflammation, these receptors provide a potential target for imaging inflammatory events. Herein we present the synthesis and initial in vitro testing of a potential Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) leukocyte tracer. The @entity5038 antagonist cFLFLFK-NH2, which displays high affinity with little physiological effect, has been linked via a PEG motif to a (99m)Tc chelate. This tracer shows in vitro binding to @entity1 embryonic kidney cells expressing the @entity5038 receptor, and functional in vitro tests reveal cFLFLFK-NH2 compounds to have no effect on inflammatory cell functioning. Overall, these data show that (99m)Tc.cFLFLFK-NH2 may be a useful tool for non-invasive imaging of leukocyte accumulation in @entity32 states.

title: (99m)Tc SPECT imaging agent based on cFLFLFK for the detection of @entity5038 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury or infection']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study facial nerve recovery in @entity1 with @entity4401 of pregnancy compared with that of the nonpregnant population. METHODS: A retrospective chart analysis was conducted of all @entity1 seen within 6 weeks of the onset of @entity4401 of pregnancy, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Recovery outcomes were compared with similarly chosen randomly selected groups of nonpregnant females 15 to 40 years old (group 1), nonpregnant females of all ages (group 2), males 15 to 40 years old (group 3), and males of all ages (group 4), all of whom were also seen within 6 weeks of onset. Recovery was categorized as satisfactory (House-Brackmann grade I to II) or unsatisfactory (House-Brackmann grade III or IV). The 2-tailed Fisher exact test was used to statistically analyze differences between groups. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of @entity1 with @entity4401 of pregnancy whose @entity3541 progressed to complete @entity912 within 10 days of onset recovered to a satisfactory level compared with 77% to 88% of comparison @entity1 . These differences were statistically significant in all cases. Recovery for those with an incomplete palsy was satisfactory in virtually 100% of all @entity1 studied. CONCLUSION: The prognosis for a satisfactory recovery for @entity1 who develop a complete @entity3541 with @entity4401 while pregnant is significantly worse than for that for the general population. This information should be taken into consideration by all physicians involved in the counseling of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy: a study of recovery outcomes.

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: 1. Two @entity22752 /P2X(2/3) receptor antagonists with different potencies were profiled electrophysiologically in a @entity35 model of @entity128 . 2. @entity60607 has poor CNS penetrance (blood:brain, 1:<0.05), and was therefore administered intravenously in @entity8638 ( @entity8638 )- and sham-operated @entity35 to study the involvement of @entity22752 subunit-containing receptors in the periphery in @entity9 . @entity60607 and Compound A were administered topically to the spinal cord to investigate the central contribution. 3. There were no significant inhibitory effects of @entity60607 intravenous (i.v.) seen in sham-operated animals compared to vehicle controls. In @entity8638 -operated animals, there were significant inhibitory effects of 3 mg kg(-1) @entity60607 i.v. on C fibre-evoked responses, and with 10 mg kg(-1) @entity60607 i.v. on A delta and C fibre-evoked responses. No significant effects of @entity60607 were observed after topical application to the spinal cord. In contrast, when Compound A was administered spinally in @entity8638 animals, there was a decrease in A delta and C fibre-evoked responses, and wind up. 4. These changes indicate that @entity60607 has a selective effect on neuronal responses in @entity8638 animals compared to sham, demonstrating an increased involvement of @entity22752 /P2X(2/3) receptors in sensory signalling following @entity128 . In addition, the more potent antagonist Compound A was effective spinally, unmasking a potential central role of @entity22752 /P2X(2/3) receptors at this site post @entity128 . These data support a role for @entity22752 /P2X(2/3) antagonists in the modulation of @entity9 .

title: Investigation into the role of XXXX /P2X(2/3) receptors in @entity9 following @entity8638 in the @entity35 : an electrophysiological study.

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity22752 :: (81739(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P2X(3)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6675 is increasing in many parts of the world, although the etiology is largely unexplained. Young maternal age has been the only consistently identified, strong risk factor. The objective of this study was to examine the role of maternal nativity in relation to other suspected risk factors for @entity6675 in Florida. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton @entity1 born in Florida from 1998-2003. @entity6675 cases were identified from the Florida Birth Defects Registry. Demographic and perinatal data were obtained from birth records. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each factor of interest. RESULTS: The 6-year birth prevalence of @entity6675 was 3.26 per 10,000 live births, and the annual rate increased 41% during the study period. In addition to maternal age and marital status, maternal race/ethnicity and nativity were significantly associated with the risk of delivering an @entity1 with @entity6675 . Compared with non-Hispanic white @entity1 , @entity7864 @entity1 had the lowest risk of delivering an @entity1 with @entity6675 (PR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.13-0.26), followed by Hispanic @entity1 (PR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.83). @entity1 born outside the United States were significantly less likely than U.S.-born @entity1 to deliver an @entity1 with @entity6675 (PR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Although young maternal age remains a strong significant risk factor for @entity6675 in Florida, other factors such as maternal race/ethnicity and nativity could be important in explaining the increasing prevalence of @entity6675 .

title: Maternal nativity as a risk factor for XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: OBJECT: Preservation of the vein of Labb   is recommended to prevent @entity4798 after skull base surgery. However, the importance of preserving the vein in @entity302 surgery involving resection of the temporal lobe is unclear. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in 47 cases, in which @entity1 underwent temporal lobe resection, out of 148 cases in which @entity1 underwent surgery for intractable @entity410 over a 5-year period. Standard temporal lobe resection anterior to the vein of Labb   was performed in 11 @entity1 . In 24 @entity1 , the temporal lobe resection extended posterior to the vein of Labb  ; the vein was preserved in eight @entity1 , who underwent surgery prior to 2002, and resected in the other 16 @entity1 , who underwent surgery after 2002. Twelve @entity1 underwent a temporoparietooccipital resection. There was no significant difference in the pattern of venous anatomy (based on analysis of the relative size of veins [chi-square test, p = 0.1] and the number of superficial veins draining the temporal lobe [p = 1]) in @entity1 in whom the vein was resected compared with those in whom it was preserved. No @entity1 experienced postoperative @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the vein of Labb   may be safely resected in @entity302 surgery involving temporal lobe resection. The decision whether to resect the vein need not be based on the surface venous drainage pattern or number of veins draining the temporal lobe.

title: Significance of preserving the vein of Labb   in XXXX surgery involving temporal lobe resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe infarction']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pegylated @entity4020 and @entity24810 treatment in chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: This study was performed on @entity1 treated for chronic @entity1956 in the Infectious Disease Clinic of Eski  ehir Osmangazi University between 01.09.2005 and 31.03.2008. A total of 30 @entity1 aged between 18 and 65 years constituted the study group. One of @entity1 groups received (10 @entity13211 negative, 4 @entity13211 positive) @entity970 - @entity4020 a at a dose of 180  g/once a week, whereas the other group (11 @entity13211 negative, 5 @entity13211 positive) received daily oral doses of 10 mg ADV. Treatment responses were evaluated at week 48. RESULTS: Reductions in serum HBV DNA levels at the end of 48 weeks were 4.8 log10 copy/ml and 4.2 log10 copy/ml in @entity13211 negative @entity1 who received ADV or @entity970 -IFN alpha 2a, respectively. Biochemical response rates were 60% and 91% in @entity970 - @entity4020 a and ADV groups, respectively. Among @entity13211 positive @entity1 , reductions in serum HBV DNA levels were 3. 2 log10 copy/ml and 4 log10 copy/ml in ADV and @entity970 - @entity4020 a groups, at week 48, respectively. Biochemical response rates were 50% and 40% in @entity970 - @entity4020 a and ADV groups, respectively. No significant difference was determined in biochemical and virological responses in @entity13211 positive and negative @entity1 between @entity970 - @entity4020 a and ADV groups, at week 48. When both treatment groups were evaluated for side effects, it was observed that side effects were significantly common in @entity970 - @entity4020 a group. CONCLUSION: When we compared @entity970 - @entity4020 a and ADV treatment in both @entity13211 positive and negative @entity1 , biochemical and virological response rates at 48 weeks were similar.

title: Comparison of XXXX and pegylated interferon alpha-2a treatment in chronic @entity1956 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2a', 'IFN alpha 2']

entities_list: @entity24810 :: ('MESH:C106812', 'Chemical') :: ['adefovir dipivoxil']

answer: @entity24810 :: (MESH:C106812,Chemical) :: ['adefovir dipivoxil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of the @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) registry of the NADYA-SENPE working group, for the year 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gathering of registry data introduced by all units responsible of @entity3147 @entity1 care. This an on-line registry available for authorized users of the working group web page (www.nadya-senpe.com). Epidemiological data, diagnosis, access route, complications, hospital admissions, disability degree, and course at December 31st, 2003 RESULTS: Data from 86 @entity1 (62% female and 38% male) from 17 hospitals were gathered. Mean age of adult @entity1 was 50.7 +/- 15.0 years, whereas for @entity1 younger than 14 years was 2.4 +/- 1.5 years (n = 5 @entity1 ). Diseases that prone @entity3147 were @entity5 (21%), followed by @entity5327 (20%), @entity1161 (16.3%), @entity1319 (10.5%), and @entity30 (4.6%). Tunneled catheters were used in 66.3% of the cases versus 29.1% of subcutaneous reservoirs. Mean treatment duration has been 8.5 +/- 4.6 months; 67.4% of @entity1 had been on @entity3147 for a period of time longer than 6 months. @entity1 follow-up was mostly done from the reference area hospital (88.4%). In no case @entity1 follow-up was done by the primary care team or by specialists other than those prescribing nutritional support. Nutritional support-related complications were seen in 98 occasions. The most frequent complications were infectious ones. They represented 1.60 hospital admissions per @entity1 . The mean number of visits was 7.9 per @entity1 (6.4 for scheduled visits and 1.5 for emergency visits). By the end of the year, we observed that 73.3% of the @entity1 were still on the program, whereas in 23.3% @entity3147 had been withdrawn. The main reasons for withdrawal were decease (11 @entity1 ), and advancing to oral diet (9 @entity1 ). As for the disability degree, 13% were confined to a wheelchair or bed, and only 28% had no disability degree or only mild social disability. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a mild increase in @entity3147 prevalence rate in Spain (2.15 @entity1 pmp). The main indication was @entity5 followed by @entity5277 secondary to vascular pathology. Nutritional support-related complications were common, especially those of an infectious origin.

title: [The year 2003 National Registry of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Home-based Parenteral Nutrition', 'HBPN']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short-bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility impairments']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Home-based Parenteral Nutrition']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity130 is characterized by an overwhelming pro-inflammatory response and an accompanying anti-inflammatory response that lead to a state of immunosuppression, as observed after @entity326 . Diminished monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen DR (mHLA-DR) is a reliable marker of monocyte dysfunction and immunosuppression. The main objective of this study was to determine the relation between mHLA-DR expression in severe @entity130 @entity1 and the development of @entity295 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study over 23 months in a @entity130 intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) over 25 and age over 18 were included. mHLA-DR was assessed by flow cytometry protocol according to standardized protocol. Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous non-parametric variables, independent paired t test for continuous parametric variables and chi-square test for categorical data were used. RESULTS: mHLA-DR was measured three times a week during the first 14 days. One hundred five consecutive severely injured @entity1 were monitored (ISS 38    17, SAPS II 37    16). Thirty-seven @entity1 (35%) developed @entity295 over the 14 days post- @entity130 . At days 1-2, mHLA-DR was diminished in the whole @entity1 population, with no difference with the development of @entity295 . At days 3-4, a highly significant difference appeared between septic and non-septic @entity1 . Non- septic @entity1 showed an increase in mHLA-DR levels, whereas septic @entity1 did not (13,723    7,766 versus 9,271    6,029 antibodies per cell, p = .004). Most importantly, multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for usual clinical confounders (adjusted OR 5.41, 95% CI 1.42-20.52), revealed that a slope of mHLA-DR expression between days1-2 and days 3-4 below 1.2 remained associated with the development of @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 induced an immunosuppression, characterized by a decrease in mHLA-DR expression. Importantly, after multivariate regression logistic analysis, persistent decreased expression was assessed to be in relation with the development of @entity295 . This is the first study in @entity130 @entity1 showing a link between the lack of immune recovery and the development of @entity295 on the basis of the standardized protocol. Monitoring immune function by mHLA-DR measurement could be useful to identify @entity130 @entity1 at a high risk of @entity281 .

title: Lack of recovery in monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression is independently associated with the development of XXXX after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Major trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shoulder @entity158 is a common @entity85 in the general population. Passive physical modalities are commonly used to treat @entity158 . However, previous systematic reviews reported conflicting results. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of passive physical modalities for the management of soft tissue injuries of the shoulder. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1, 1990, to April 18, 2013. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort and case-control studies were eligible. Random pairs of independent reviewers screened 1,470 of 1,760 retrieved articles after removing 290 duplicates. Twenty-two articles were eligible for critical appraisal. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Of those, 11 studies had a low risk of bias. DATA EXTRACTION: The lead author extracted data from low risk of bias studies and built evidence tables. A second reviewer independently checked the extracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The findings of studies with a low risk of bias were synthesized according to principles of best evidence synthesis. Pretensioned tape, ultrasound, and interferential current were found to be noneffective for managing @entity158 . However, diathermy and corticosteroid injections led to similar outcomes. Low-level laser therapy provided short-term @entity158 reduction for @entity5818 . Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy was not effective for @entity5818 but provided benefits for persistent shoulder @entity730 . LIMITATIONS: Non-English studies were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Most passive physical modalities do not benefit @entity1 with @entity5818 . However, low-level laser therapy is more effective than placebo or ultrasound for @entity5818 . Similarly, shock-wave therapy is more effective than sham therapy for persistent shoulder @entity730 .

title: Effectiveness of Passive Physical Modalities for Shoulder XXXX : Systematic Review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management Collaboration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal condition']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: A diversity of adhesive interactions occur between the @entity5 cell and host extracellular matrix which potentiate neoplastic expansion and metastatic dissemination. In miscellaneous @entity5 , @entity5 progression has been observed to be associated with alterations in adhesion molecule expression. Recently, circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecules have been identified. In this study, serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin) were determined in @entity1 with @entity356 . The study group consisted of 27 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity356 . Four @entity1 had stage II, two @entity1 stage III and 21 @entity1 stage IV disease according to the TNM classification. Nineteen @entity1 had distant @entity3 . The sera obtained from 18 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum sICAM-1 and sE-selectin concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we also studied other @entity5 -associated antigens, i.e. @entity10580 and CA 19-9. Serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity356 (P < 0.0001). However, sE-selectin levels did not differ from the controls. sICAM-1 concentrations were also significantly higher in @entity1 with distant @entity3 and peritoneal spread (P = 0.0045 and P = 0.0157 respectively), whereas sE-Selectin levels were elevated only in @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 (P = 0.033). Serum concentrations of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin correlated with @entity10580 levels (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.003 respectively). Elevated levels of sE-selectin were associated with poorer prognosis (P = 0.0099), whereas sICAM-1 had no significant impact on survival. Our results suggest that increased sICAM-1 serum levels may reflect widespread disease and contribute directly to the progression of @entity356 . Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of @entity5 -host interactions may lead to a better understanding of the natural history of @entity356 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and @entity4105 levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'adhesive tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate a method for determining antigen specific IgE antibodies in tears of @entity1 with @entity56 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Antigen specific IgE antibodies to @entity12261 pollen or Housedust-Mites in tears of @entity1 with allergic @entity3169 were examined. Both eyes in each @entity1 were examined. The right eye was examined in normal healthy volunteers as a control. The number of eyes examined for IgE antibodies to Japanese ceder pollen was 32 eyes with @entity56 (SAC), 12 eyes with @entity56 ( @entity16180 ), 12 eyes with @entity9849 ( @entity9849 ), 4 eyes with @entity5902 ( @entity5902 ), and 12 eyes of the controls. The number of eyes examined for IgE antibodies to Housedust-Mites was 32 eyes with SAC, 20 eyes with @entity16180 , 30 eyes with @entity9849 , 22 eyes with @entity5902 , and 10 eyes with the control. Tears were sampled by the method of Schirmer @entity5482 . Sampled tears were eluded with 200 microliters of @entity4613 buffered solution(pH 7.2, 0.05 M) and analyzed by the AlaSTAT-IMMULYZE method. Recovery rate of absorbance by filter paper for IgE antibodies in tears was determined by ratio to the standard sample of serum solution containing Housedust-Mite specific IgE antibodies with known concentration. RESULTS: Recovery rate of filter paper for IgE antibodies in tears was 83.6%. IgE antibodies in tears to @entity12261 pollen were detected in 11 of 32 eyes of SAC. In other subjects, IgE antibodies were under the limit of the detection concentration except one eye of a @entity1 with @entity9849 . In the positive cases of @entity12261 pollen specific IgE antibodies, there was no significant difference in the concentration between the right and the left eyes. IgE antibodies to Housedust-Mites were significantly higher not only in incidence but also in concentration in 18 of 22 eyes with @entity5902 than in that in other in 8 of 20 eyes with @entity16180 and 12 of 30 eyes with @entity9849 . CONCLUSION: The method for determining antigen specific IgE antibodies in tears is clinically useful to diagnose and to investigate pathophysiology of allergic @entity3169 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of measurement method for antigen specific IgE in tears of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['AKC', 'atopic keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic keratoconjunctival disease', 'perennial allergic conjunctivitis', 'seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival diseases']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['allergic conjunctival disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity526 enzyme tryptophanase (TnaA) converts @entity6635 to @entity104 , which triggers physiological changes and regulates interactions between bacteria and their @entity1 hosts. Tryptophanase production is induced by external @entity6635 , but the activity of TnaA is also regulated by other, more poorly understood mechanisms. For example, the enzyme accumulates as a spherical inclusion (focus) at midcell or at one pole, but how or why this localization occurs is unknown. RESULTS: TnaA activity is low when the protein forms foci during mid-logarithmic growth but its activity increases as the protein becomes more diffuse, suggesting that foci may represent clusters of inactive (or less active) enzyme. To determine what protein characteristics might mediate these localization effects, we constructed 42 TnaA variants: 6 truncated forms and 36 missense mutants in which different combinations of 83 surface-exposed residues were converted to @entity3929 . A truncated TnaA protein containing only domains D1 and D3 (D1D3) localized to the pole. Mutations affecting the D1D3-to-D1D3 interface did not affect polar localization of D1D3 but did delay assembly of wild type TnaA foci. In contrast, alterations to the D1D3-to-D2 domain interface produced diffuse localization of the D1D3 variant but did not affect the wild type protein. Altering several surface-exposed residues decreased TnaA activity, implying that tetramer assembly may depend on interactions involving these sites. Interestingly, changing any of three @entity3534 at the base of a loop near the catalytic pocket decreased TnaA activity and caused it to form elongated ovoid foci in vivo, indicating that the alterations affect focus formation and may regulate how frequently @entity6635 reaches the active site. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TnaA activity is regulated by subcellular localization and by a loop-associated occlusion of its active site. Equally important, these new TnaA variants are immediately available to the research community and should be useful for investigating how tryptophanase is localized and assembled, how substrate accesses its active site, the functional role of acetylation, and other structural and functional questions.

title: A new suite of tnaA mutants suggests that XXXX tryptophanase is regulated by intracellular sequestration and by occlusion of its active site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Specific @entity4207 in childhood is frequently associated with @entity71 . The distinction between @entity1 with and without such comorbidity is often difficult to make. Our aim was to delineate the neurocognitive and behavioural differences between @entity1 with specific @entity4207 , with and without @entity71 . Students diagnosed with @entity4207 , mean age 8.3, 1.4 SD (N-50), and students with @entity4207 and @entity71 , mean age 8.7, 1.4 SD (N-50), were assessed. The Paediatric Early Elementary Examination and the Aggregate Neurobehavioural Student Health Education Review were administered and their scores as well as pattern of correlations within and between domains were analysed. Only few differences in neurocognitive functions between these groups were evident. Most neurocognitive domains were similarly intercorrelated in the two groups. However, recall was correlated with other neurocognitive domains only among the @entity1 with learning and @entity71 . A proportion of significant correlations between neurocognitive and behavioural domains was found among the @entity1 with @entity4207 and @entity71 , but not among the @entity1 with @entity4207 only. It appears that while neurocognitive profiles are similar in these two groups, their interrelationship with behavioural patterns differ. These findings give support to the neurological origin of @entity71 related behaviours among learning disabled @entity1 . Different interventions should therefore be considered for each of these entities.

title: Neurodevelopmental and behavioural characteristics in XXXX and @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit disorder', 'attention deficit', 'attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities', 'learning disability']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['learning disabilities']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that, in the presence of @entity32 , the local administration of opioids results in @entity1337 . The analgesic efficacy of local anesthetics and @entity1286 administered intraarticularly was compared in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under epidural anesthesia. We compared postoperative @entity158 scores (VAS) and opioid requirements among 47 @entity1 receiving, in a randomized, double-blinded fashion, one of three intraarticular medications (20 ml): normal saline with 100 micrograms @entity1425 (group 1, n = 16); 0.25% @entity1341 with 100 micrograms @entity1425 (group 2, n = 15); and 3 mg @entity1286 and 100 micrograms @entity1425 in normal saline (group 3, n = 16). VAS scores were similar in the groups preoperatively and on arrival in the recovery room. At the end of the first postoperative hour, the residual sensory blockade was minimal in all three groups (mean = 3.8-4.1 segments) and almost total recovery occurred in all three groups before the second postoperative hour. The VAS in group 3 was not significantly different than group 1 at any time interval. Intraarticular @entity1341 (group 2) provided significantly better @entity1337 than did saline or @entity1286 (group 1 or 3) in the first 2 postoperative hours (ANOVA, P < .05). Subsequent VAS scores were not significantly different in the three groups. While no @entity1 in group 2 requested analgesics during the first postoperative hour, nine @entity1 in group 3 required systemic analgesics (P < .01). We conclude that no evidence for a peripheral opiate-receptor mediated @entity1337 could be demonstrated in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under epidural anesthesia.

title: Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of intraarticular XXXX and @entity1286 following arthroscopic knee surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity842 (NO) is a product of @entity534 to @entity7792 conversion by @entity842 synthase (NOS). The inducible form of NOS ( @entity3623 ) is one of three classes of NOS and the strongest producer of NO. It has been reported that NO correlates with @entity7499 and immune responses in some types of @entity5 , however, the correlations between @entity3623 expression, @entity7499 , and immune responses are still unclear in @entity356 . METHODS: @entity3623 expression was determined in 135 @entity356 @entity1 by immunohistochemical procedures and compared with the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), microvessel (MV) density, and dendritic cell (DC) infiltration to evaluate the effect of @entity3623 on @entity7499 and immune responses in @entity356 . RESULTS: @entity3623 expression was detected in 106 (78.5%) of 135 cases. There was a close correlation between @entity3623 expression and @entity7 expression, a correlation with MV density and an inverse correlation with DC infiltration. There was no correlation between @entity3623 and @entity876 expression. The prognoses of @entity1 whose @entity5 expressed @entity3623 were significantly worse than those of @entity1 whose @entity5 did not express @entity3623 . Multivariate analysis indicated @entity3623 expression was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: @entity3623 might be associated with @entity5 progression by stimulating @entity7499 and suppressing immune responses in @entity356 .

title: Expression of inducible @entity842 synthase is significantly correlated with expression of @entity7 and dendritic cell infiltration in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['L-citrulline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. The aim of this study was to review @entity645 -negative @entity1 with @entity358 to analyze the correlations between clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 16 @entity645 -negative @entity1 with @entity358 diagnosed at our institution, and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 with nodules or masses without ground-glass attenuation (GGA)/consolidation type were compared with those of @entity1 with inclusive GGA or consolidation type. Results. Host status was immunocompromised (81.2%) in most of the @entity1 , and 6 (37.5%) were asymptomatic. The most frequent radiologic abnormalities on chest CT scans were one or more nodules (87.5%), GGA (37.5%), and consolidations (18.8%). Most lesions were located in the lower lung. Levels of hemoglobin and platelets were significantly lower in @entity1 with inclusive GGA or consolidation type. Although the differences were not significant, @entity1 with inclusive GGA or consolidation type tended to have a C-reactive protein level of >= 1.0   mg/dL. Conclusion. If a @entity1 with @entity417 and @entity882 shows GGA or consolidation in the lung, @entity358 should be given careful consideration.

title: Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Cryptococcosis']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sacroiliac joint injuries can cause poor performance; however, the interaction between pelvic mechanics and the sacroiliac joint is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To measure pelvic displacement during 3D sacroiliac joint loading. METHODS: Nine reflective triads were @entity2721 in sacropelvic specimens harvested from 14 @entity1641 for stereophotogrammetric analysis of triad displacements and joint kinematics. The sacrum was coupled to a load cell and mounted vertically within a @entity262 ( @entity262 ). A pneumatic actuator was used to apply 90 Nm moments to the ischial arch to simulate nutation-counternutation and left and right lateral bending of the @entity2720 . Axial rotation of the sacrum was induced by torsion of the upper @entity262 fixture. Vectors of marker displacement within orthogonal planes of motion were measured during loading of the sacropelvic specimens. Comparisons in the magnitude and direction of triad displacements were made between paired left-right markers and paired loading conditions. RESULTS: Nutation-counternutation of the sacroiliac joint caused vertical displacement of the ischial tuberosities and @entity129 of the wings of the ilium. Lateral bending induced rotational displacement within the horizontal plane of all pelvic landmarks, relative to the sacrum. Axial rotation of the sacrum caused elevation of the wing of the ilium ipsilateral to the direction of @entity717 and @entity308 of the contralateral ilial wing. Significant paired left-right differences occurred during most sacroiliac joint loading conditions. Comparable magnitudes of pelvic displacement were measured during nutation-counternutation, left and right lateral bending, and left and right @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1641 pelvis is not a rigid structure and asymmetric pelvic deformation occurs during most @entity717 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bony pelvic deformation should be considered a normal response to any @entity717 .

title: Deformation of the XXXX pelvis in response to in vitro 3D sacroiliac joint loading.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial-caudal displacement']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['material testing system', 'MTS']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['attached rigidly to bony prominences']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['sacral rotation', 'sacroiliac joint movements', 'axial rotation', 'sacroiliac joint movement']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: Aim. To report on the use of indocyanine green (ICG) during surgical removal of pediatric orbital lacrimal duct cysts. Method. We conducted a retrospective review of our cases of surgical excision of orbital lacrimal duct cysts using intraoperative injection of indocyanine green (ICG), which was used following inadvertent @entity397 and @entity393 . The dye allowed @entity227 and complete excision despite @entity393 or @entity397 . Results. The study included 6 @entity1 (3 @entity1 , mean age of 4.2        0.84 years, range 3-5 years). Mean follow-up period was 9.3 months. All cysts were located in the inferonasal quadrant of the orbit (4 in the right side). In all cases, ICG was injected into the cyst at the time of surgery following unintentional @entity397 . After the dye injection, it was easy to identify the borders of the cyst, permitting @entity260 . Pathological examination revealed that all cysts were of lacrimal duct origin. Conclusion. Intraoperative injection of ICG into orbital cysts in @entity1 can aid surgeons in identifying cyst borders following inadvertent @entity397 , allowing complete removal.

title: Indocyanine green assisted removal of orbital lacrimal duct cysts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['complete cyst visualization']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['complete cyst removal, without any intra- or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'cyst rupture']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Swelling in the lymph nodes leads one to think at first in terms of diagnostic differentials such as @entity32 , @entity5 metastases, or @entity706 . Kikuchi-Fujimoto @entity3298 is a rare cause of feverish @entity3298 . CASE REPORT: A 31-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity158 axillary feverish swelling of the lymph nodes. There had been no previous illnesses and n the case history of her mother, a @entity189 could be found. Ultrasonic and MRI tests showed the lymph node conglomerate to be located in the @entity1002 . Laboratory tests revealed a constellation of @entity32 with lymphomonocytosis. Serologic tests for viral causes were negative. @entity39 of the Kikuchi-Fujimoto type was described in the histological reclamation of a lymph node. Within 2 weeks, spontaneous regression of the feverish @entity3298 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of unclear @entity3298 , an attempt at achieving histological reclamation of a lymph node is desirable in order to realize rare differential diagnosis such as Kikuchi-Fujimoto @entity3298 .

title: [Unidirectional axillary lymph node swelling in a 31-year-old XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['A necrotizing lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left axilla']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: The hematologic, cytomorphologic, and cytogenetic features of 50 cases of @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ), occurring in 40 @entity1 , are presented. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 19 to 75 years (mean, 42 years). The primary hematologic diagnoses in these @entity1 included @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 13 @entity1 ; @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), 19 @entity1 ; @entity1072 , 3 @entity1 ; @entity1860 , 3 @entity1 ; and @entity6582 vera, 1 @entity1 . @entity1778 developed in one @entity1 without any known prior or subsequent @entity1503 . The 13 cases of @entity981 included French-American-British types M1 (1 case), M2 (5 cases), M3 (1 case), M4 (5 cases), and M5 (1 case). @entity1778 preceded blood and/or bone marrow manifestations of @entity1778 in nine @entity1 with @entity2590 and one with @entity981 . The interval from skin biopsy to systemic @entity1778 ranged from 3 weeks to 20 months (mean, 6 months). In seven @entity1 with @entity2590 and three @entity1 with @entity981 , @entity1778 occurred concomitantly with leukemic transformation. Only two @entity1 with @entity2590 and @entity1778 did not have progression to @entity3052 during the 20 and 24 months they have been observed. Diagnoses other than @entity1778 initially were considered in five of the @entity1 . @entity1778 was characterized most often by a dense mixed cellular dermal infiltrate that circumscribed vascular and adnexal structures. Nine @entity1 with @entity2590 (47%) and one with @entity981 (8%) had @entity2008 in their bone marrow samples at the time of @entity1778 . This article reports the occurrence of @entity1778 in @entity1 with @entity2590 and suggests that @entity1778 is an early manifestation of leukemic transformation in these @entity1 . These results may be important in identifying high-risk @entity1 for early interventional therapy.

title: XXXX . Analysis of 50 biopsy-proven cases with an emphasis on occurrence in @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'leukemia cutis', 'Leukemia cutis', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['complex chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia cutis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the causes and characteristics of @entity4858 presenting to Sarawak General Hospital (SGH), Kuching. DESIGN: It is a prospective hospital-based study done for a period of 1 year. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia. @entity1 : All @entity4858 @entity1 seen for the first time in the Eye Department during the period January 2006 to December 2006 were included in the study. @entity4858 @entity1 on follow-up and treated elsewhere were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 233 @entity1 , and 257 eyes, were studied. @entity1 had six-fold higher rates of injury than @entity1 . The average age of presentation was 30 years. The predominant age group was between 21-30 years, 26.2 % (n=61). @entity4858 related to work were seen in 36.9% of @entity1 . There was a gross negligence in the use of personal protective devices in the work-related group. The common settings in which the @entity130 occurred included home 34.3% (n=80) and industrial premises 31.8% (n=74). Assault-related @entity130 7.7% (n=18) were seen mostly among young @entity1 in the age between 20-30 years. The initial presenting visual acuity of the @entity1 with blunt @entity2194 was better than penetrating injury. CONCLUSION: @entity4858 were common in young males. Work related @entity4858 were noted in a significant number of cases. Health education and preventive strategies both in the working place and at home will help to decrease the occurrence of @entity4858 .

title: Pattern of XXXX in kuching, malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['Eye injury', 'eye injuries', 'ocular injuries', 'ocular injury', 'Ocular injuries', 'Eye injuries']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     In Iceland, eight families have been identified with multiple cases of @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ) and other @entity1071 . In one of these families with several cases of @entity8058 ( @entity8058 ) and @entity8057 , in vitro stimulation with poke-weed mitogen revealed hyper-responsive B cells showing increased immunoglobulin production in one-third of disease-free family members. DESIGN AND METHODS:     In this study, the families were further traced and the list of names produced was compared with The Icelandic Cancer Registry (ICR) to find all recent cases of @entity1071 . First-degree relatives and descendants older than 20yrs of age (n=350) were selected for screening for paraprotein. Selected family members were tested for B-cell hyper-responsiveness and the lymphocyte phenotype was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Comparison of the total list of 4370 family members with the ICR revealed 22 new cases and screening for serum paraprotein identified nine new cases of @entity1581 , eight being first-degree relatives of known probands. Sixty cases of @entity1071 are currently known within the eight families, five of them containing both IgG/A and @entity74 . Twelve hyper-responders (HR) were identified in four families, eight from one family, of whom four were known already. Stimulated B cells from HR had a significantly higher proportion of @entity2731 (+) memory/plasma cells than controls. CONCLUSION: Identification of new affected family members by screening confirms a hereditary predisposition to B-cell proliferative diseases. Contrary to most studies, IgG/A and @entity74 occurred together in five families. In four families, enhanced B-cell responsiveness was found in healthy subjects clustered around cases.

title: XXXX : hyper-responsive B cells in unaffected family members.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies', 'MG']

entities_list: @entity8058 :: ('MESH:D008998', 'Disease') :: ['MGUS', 'monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['IgM disorders']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstr  ms macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['Familial monoclonal gammopathy']


abstract: PURPOSES: The purposes of this study are to investigate the diagnostic performance of logistic regression analysis (LRA) applied to multidimensional information on @entity726 and to determine the area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AROCs) for differentiating between normal and @entity735 in the Taiwan Chinese population based on the summary data from the Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). METHODS: One randomly selected eye from each of the 89 @entity1 with @entity726 and from each of the 88 age- and gender-matched normal individuals were included in the study. Nine @entity735 and eight normal eyes were excluded as a result of poor OCT scans. Finally, 80 normal eyes and 80 @entity735 (mean deviation, -4.5 +/- 4.12 dB) were analyzed. The whole dataset was split into four equal sets. Each set combines 20 @entity1 with @entity726 and 20 normal individuals. Fourfold crossvalidation was conducted. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head were measured by Stratus OCT in each @entity1 . Twenty-five OCT parameters were included in a LRA method to determine the best combination of parameters for discriminating between @entity735 based on AROCs. RESULTS: With the LRA method, the AROC for @entity726 detection was 0.911 with sensitivity at 80% and 90% specificity were 83.7% and 80.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the OCT-provided parameters, the LRA method improved the ability to differentiate between normal and @entity735 in the Taiwan Chinese population.

title: Logistic regression analysis for XXXX diagnosis using Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous and healthy eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucoma disease']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Favorable results have been reported following @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) of @entity1 with urgency and urge @entity322 . However, @entity1 groups have often been mixed and outcome measures poorly defined. We therefore wanted to treat a homogeneous @entity1 population with @entity8425 and evaluate the effect by defined subjective and objective outcome measures. METHODS: Eighteen female @entity1 complaining of urge @entity322 had @entity8425 performed. Before and 3 months after @entity8425 , the @entity1 performed a 24 hour micturition chart and pad test. They indicated on a visual analogue scale their subjective degree of urgency and leakage and had an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring performed. Nine months after @entity8425 the @entity1 were asked whether their urge @entity322 was less, equal or more troublesome than before @entity8425 . RESULTS: After @entity8425 the @entity1 indicated significantly less urgency and leakage. A significant difference was not found in any of the objective outcome measures after @entity8425 . Six out of 18 @entity1 (33%) found their urge @entity322 less troublesome 9 months after @entity8425 , while 12 (66%) found it unchanged or more troublesome than before. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly subjective effect was found following @entity8425 . However, none of the objective outcome measures were significantly improved. We were disappointed by the results and have stopped using the method.

title: Evaluation of the subjective and objective effect of maximal electrical stimulation in XXXX complaining of urge @entity322 .

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['MES', 'Maximal Electrical Stimulation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Accurate measurement of low serum @entity53 (E(2) < 30 pg/ml or < 110 pmol/liter) is needed to study relationships between endogenous E(2) and risks of diseases in older @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether an extraction-based (indirect) assay or a non-extraction-based (direct) assay correlates better with mass spectrometry and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN/SETTING: In a pilot study of 40 postmenopausal @entity1 , endogenous E(2) measurements from three indirect and four direct assay methods and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) were compared. A confirmatory study compared an indirect and a direct assay, selected among those in the pilot study, to GC- @entity15 / @entity15 ; this study was conducted in 374 postmenopausal @entity1 not taking hormone therapy from the Ultra Low-dose TRansdermal @entity172 Assessment (ULTRA) trial. MAIN OUTCOMES: Pearson correlation coefficients among E(2) measurements by assay methods and BMI, and their confidence intervals, by bias-corrected bootstrap method, were used. RESULTS: In the pilot study, E(2) by three indirect assays correlated better (P < 0.03) with GC- @entity15 / @entity15 and with BMI than measurements by four direct assays. In the confirmatory study, the indirect assay correlated better (P < 0.01) with GC- @entity15 / @entity15 and BMI than the direct assay. Measurements by the indirect and direct assays were overestimated, but deviations in direct assay measurements were less precise. Mean E(2) by the indirect and direct assays were higher (by 14 and 68%, respectively) and less reproducible than by GC- @entity15 / @entity15 . CONCLUSION: Until mass spectrometry is practical for wide use, extraction-based indirect assays may be preferable for measuring low postmenopausal serum E(2).

title: Comparison of methods to measure low serum XXXX levels in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Despite recommended preoperative preparation with alpha-adrenergic blockers, severe @entity1344 may occur during operations to resect @entity1911 . We combined the alpha-blocker @entity5333 with the @entity669 hydroxylase inhibitor @entity8490 in an attempt to better manage the @entity101 of @entity1 with @entity1911 undergoing surgical resection. This report reviews the cases of 25 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for known intra-abdominal @entity1911 . Each @entity1 had elevated serum or urine levels of @entity2661 or their metabolites. Nineteen @entity1 were prepared before operation with @entity5333 and @entity8490 and six @entity1 were given @entity5333 alone. There were no significant differences in maximum, minimum, or mean blood pressure before or after @entity5 resection between @entity1 who received @entity8490 and those who did not. However careful review suggested that those who received @entity8490 had more severe disease as judged by biochemical criteria. Study of selected @entity1 matched for age and severity of disease suggested that the intraoperative blood pressure management of @entity1 prepared with @entity5333 and @entity8490 was facilitated. In addition @entity8490 -prepared @entity1 lost less blood and required less volume replacement during surgery than did non- @entity8490 -prepared @entity1 . There were no apparent differences in postoperative fluid requirements. Although the study is not a prospective randomized trial, a retrospective review of @entity1 managed with the combination of @entity5333 and @entity8490 suggests that surgery to resect @entity1911 can be better performed with both drugs than with @entity5333 alone. The combination regimen appears to result in better blood pressure control, less @entity190 , and the need for less intraoperative fluid replacement than does the traditional method of single-agent alpha-adrenergic blockade.

title: Surgical management of @entity1911 with the use of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity8490 :: (CHEBI:6912,Chemical) :: ['metyrosine']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity10419 from the leaves of Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (Perillae Herba) has antidepressive-like activity. The aim of the present study was to examine (i) whether @entity14627 , a major metabolite of @entity10419 , also has antidepressive-like activity, and (ii) whether these substances inhibit either the uptake of @entity1154 to synaptosomes or mitochondrial @entity1154 oxidase activity. @entity10419 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity14627 (4 mg/kg, i.p.) each significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test in @entity19 . In contrast, neither substance, at doses that produced a significant reduction in the immobile response in the forced swimming test, affected spontaneous motor activity. These results indicate that, like @entity10419 , @entity14627 also possesses antidepressive-like activity. In neuropharmacological studies, neither @entity10419 (10 x (-9)-10 x (-3) M) nor @entity14627 (10 x (-9)-10 x (-3) M) affected either the uptake of @entity1154 to synaptosomes or mitochondrial @entity1154 oxidase activity in the @entity19 brain. These results suggest that both @entity14627 and @entity10419 may produce antidepressive-like activity via some mechanism(s) other than the inhibition of @entity1154 transporters and @entity1154 oxidase.

title: @entity10419 and XXXX produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity10419 :: ('MESH:C041376', 'Chemical') :: ['rosmarinic acid', 'Rosmarinic acid']

entities_list: @entity14627 :: ('MESH:C040048', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeic acid']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine', 'monoamines']

answer: @entity14627 :: (MESH:C040048,Chemical) :: ['caffeic acid']


abstract: We performed immunocytochemistry to detect @entity1262 and @entity3970 P-glycoproteins (P-gps) in 81 @entity1 with @entity3052 , using the @entity1262 @entity7895 -specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MRK16, and the @entity3970 @entity7895 -specific MDR3M. Immunoreactivity for the @entity1262 gene product was positive in 27 out of 81 (33%) @entity1 . Immunoreactivity with the anti- @entity3970 @entity7895 MoAb was positive in 20 out of 81 (25%) @entity1 . Of 54 @entity1 with @entity3052 , 17 (31%) were positive for @entity1262 @entity57854 (15%) for @entity3970 @entity7895 . A high proportion (60%) of @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) were @entity3970 @entity7895 positive. Of the @entity1 with @entity4751 ( @entity4751 ), a @entity6444 , 8/17 (47%) were positive for @entity1262 @entity7895 and 6/17 (35%) for @entity3970 @entity7895 . Of 23 @entity1 with @entity1778 ( @entity1072 and @entity4751 ), 10 (37%) were positive for @entity1262 @entity7895 and 12 (44%) for @entity3970 @entity7895 . To clarify the function of the @entity3970 @entity7895 , we examined the intracellular @entity3514 ( @entity3514 ) levels of @entity1262 @entity7895 -negative and @entity3970 @entity7895 -positive @entity1778 cells from @entity1 with @entity981 , on the addition of 10 microM @entity205 (CyA). The addition of CyA led to significant increases in intracellular @entity3514 levels in @entity1262 @entity7895 -negative and @entity3970 @entity7895 -positive @entity1778 cells. Results of the assay for dye efflux suggested that the @entity3970 @entity7895 has a role in drug resistance, and functional drug-efflux capacity. In 31 @entity3052 @entity1 at initial diagnosis, @entity1262 or @entity3970 @entity7895 expression correlated significantly to an outcome of complete remission (CR). In 54 @entity3052 @entity1 , exposure to precytotoxic agents correlated significantly to expression, with a significant higher number of @entity1 @entity1262 or @entity3970 @entity7895 positive than negative. In the 54 @entity1 with @entity3052 , @entity1262 @entity7895 expression correlated to @entity3970 @entity7895 expression significantly (p=0.0007). In the 27 @entity1 with @entity1778 ( @entity1072 and @entity4751 ), @entity1262 and @entity3970 @entity7895 expression did not correlate to exposure to precytotoxic agents, nor did @entity1262 @entity7895 expression correlate to @entity3970 @entity7895 expression. It may be speculated that precytotoxic agents induced @entity1262 and @entity3970 @entity7895 expression in @entity3052 ; however, in @entity1778 , both P-gps were expressed independently of exposure to precytotoxic agents.

title: Expression of the @entity1262 and XXXX gene products in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity4751 :: ('MESH:D054066', 'Disease') :: ['granular-lymphocyte proliferative disorder', 'GLPD']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic T-cell or natural killer cell leukemia']

answer: @entity3970 :: (5244,Gene) :: ['MDR3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fibrin has been demonstrated to function protectively against pathogens in our previous studies, but we observed that a very high level of fibrin played a negative role during infection. We performed this research to address the complication. METHODS: After infection, @entity19 were monitored daily and harvested on day 4. The fibrin levels within the tissue samples were quantified by Western-blot. The in situ assay was used to detect plasminogen activators, protein C-ase and @entity59530 activation. PT-PCR was used to test coagulation factors expression. RESULTS: @entity19 treated with @entity1229 showed that the protection correlates with fibrin levels. By interacting with @entity1990 , the @entity59531 -acylated lipopolysaccharide, although not the tetra-acylated lipopolysaccharide, activates coagulation and regulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, @entity10993 activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and thrombomodulin expression through myeloid differentiation factor 88, leading to plasminogen activators, protein C-ase and @entity59530 activation and fibrin formation. Because of the regulation, fibrin formation was controlled to deposit appropriate levels and confer protection. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the appropriate level of fibrin formation was deployed by @entity59531 -acylated LPS-lipid A through myeloid differentiation factor 88 to confer protection.

title: XXXX -acylated LPS-lipid A deploys the appropriate level of fibrin to confer protection through MyD88.

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumadin']

answer: @entity59531 :: (15211(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Hexa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of biopsy-verified @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) with positive c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies who had evidence of @entity1188 and to review the relevant literature on spleen involvement in @entity2883 . METHODS: Descriptive case report of 1 @entity1 with @entity2883 complicated by @entity1188 and review of the relevant literature (PubMed search 1966 through February 2007). RESULTS: In our @entity1 spleen involvement ( @entity1188 ) was clinically silent and was incidentally detected on the caudal slides of a chest computed tomography (CT) performed to investigate @entity358 . Similar cases have been reported: in the published literature reviewed, overall 18 @entity1 have been described and other cases have been described after autopsy. Of these, 8 @entity1 were symptomatic: generally, they complained of diffuse or left upper quadrant @entity490 . In 15 @entity1 , spleen involvement was detected by ultrasound, scintigraphy, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. In 1 case only was the diagnosis confirmed by biopsy (after splenectomy). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity1188 is probably underestimated in @entity2883 since it is often clinically silent as in our @entity1 . In addition to @entity1188 , @entity2883 has also been implicated in inducing @entity548 , capsular adhesions, dysfunction, and @entity381 . Since some of the spleen lesions may lead to complications, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for spleen involvement in @entity1 with @entity2883 , particularly in the presence of abdominal symptoms.

title: @entity2883 with XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['spleen hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spleen infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'Wegener granulomatosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['spleen infarction']


abstract: Information is presented from 555 @entity1 with @entity5 treated by curative resection who were entered into the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) protocol R-01 between November 1977 and October 1986. Their average time on study was 64.1 months. The @entity1 were randomized to receive no further treatment (184 @entity1 ), postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1487 , @entity16418 , and @entity1891 (MOF) (187 @entity1 ), or postoperative radiation therapy (184 @entity1 ). The chemotherapy group, when compared with the group treated by surgery alone, demonstrated an overall improvement in disease-free survival (P = .006) and in survival (P = .05). Employing the proportional hazards model, a global test was used to determine the presence of treatment interactions. Investigation of stratification variables employed in this study indicated that sex, and to a lesser extent age and Dukes stage, made individual contributions to the disease-free survival and the survival benefit from chemotherapy. When evaluated according to sex, the benefit for chemotherapy at 5 years, both in disease-free survival (29% vs. 47%; P less than .001; relative odds, 2.00) and in survival (37% vs. 60%; P = .001; relative odds, 1.93), was restricted to males. When males were tested for age trend with the use of a logistic regression analysis, chemotherapy was found to be more advantageous in younger @entity1 . When the group receiving post-operative radiation (4,600-4,700 rad in 26-27 fractions; 5,100-5,300 rad maximum at the perineum) was compared to the group treated only by surgery, there was an overall reduction in local-regional recurrence from 25% to 16% (P = .06). No significant benefit in overall disease-free survival (P = .4) or survival (P = .7) from the use of radiation has been demonstrated. The global test for interaction to identify heterogeneity of response to radiation within subsets of @entity1 was not significant. In conclusion, this investigation has demonstrated a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (MOF) for the management of @entity5 . The observed advantage was restricted to males. Postoperative radiation therapy reduced the incidence of local-regional recurrence, but it failed to affect overall disease-free survival and survival.

title: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for XXXX : results from NSABP protocol R-01.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'Dukes B and C rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity16418 :: ('MESH:D012673', 'Chemical') :: ['semustine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the usefulness of biomarkers- @entity1904 (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and @entity26888 (pro-ADM)-combined with prognostic scales (PSI, CURB-65 and SCAP score) for identifying adverse outcomes in @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) attending at an @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Prospective observational study in a teaching hospital among @entity1 with @entity497 . In addition to collecting data for the prognostic scales, samples were taken at the @entity341 for assessing PCT, CRP and pro-ADM levels. We compared the prognostic accuracy of these biomarkers with severity scores to predict @entity55 related complications, using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC), which evaluates how well the model discriminate between @entity1 who had a @entity55 related complication or not. RESULTS: A total of 491 @entity1 with @entity497 were enrolled, 256 being admitted to the hospital and 235 treated as outpatients. Admitted @entity1 had higher biomarker levels than outpatients (p  <  0.001). The SCAP score and pro-ADM level had the best AUCs for predicting @entity55 related complications (0.83 and 0.84, respectively). Considering SCAP score plus pro-ADM level, the AUC increased significantly to 0.88. SCAP score class 0 or 1 with a pro-ADM level <0.5  ng/mL was the best indicator for selecting @entity1 for outpatient care. CONCLUSIONS: A new risk score combining SCAP score with pro-ADM level is useful to classify severity risk in @entity497 @entity1 and hence supporting decision-making on hospital admission.

title: Performance of pro-adrenomedullin for identifying adverse outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26888 :: ('MESH:C088633', 'Chemical') :: ['proadrenomedullin']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']