abstract: BACKGROUND: Processes underlying cortical hypoactivation in @entity161 are poorly understood but some evidence suggests that a deficient sensory filtering is associated with the condition. This filtering deficit can be studied by using measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the @entity427 reflex. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of sensory filtering deficits to cortical hypoperfusion during an attention test in @entity161 . METHOD: Measurements of PPI of the @entity427 reflex and perfusion during the performance of a Stroop test (assessed with single photon emission tomography) were obtained in 10 acutely treated @entity161 @entity1 (6 with recent onset, RO) and 16 control subjects. These measurements were compared between @entity1 and controls and the correlation between PPI and perfusion was evaluated within each group, using Statistical Parametric Mapping. RESULTS: In comparison with normal subjects, the @entity1 exhibited lower PPI, although the difference was not statistically significant. Perfusion was significantly lower in the prefrontal and premotor regions of the @entity1 . In the @entity1 group, a statistically significant difference was observed between PPI and perfusion in the parietal, premotor, and cingulate regions. When the associations were analyzed in the RO @entity1 alone, a positive correlation was also found between prefrontal perfusion and PPI, while anterior hippocampal perfusion was inversely related to @entity7371 . CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that deficient sensory-motor filtering is associated with decreased cortical task-related activation in @entity161 .

title: Correlation between prepulse inhibition and cortical perfusion during an attentional test in XXXX . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The cytokines @entity3646 , @entity4047 , and thymic stromal lymphopoietin play a key role in @entity56 by virtue of their ability to initiate, maintain, and augment TH2 responses. These molecules mediate their effects through type 1 cytokine receptors, which bind cytokines with a characteristic structure. Receptors are expressed on a broad array of immune cell types and are integral to complex cytokine networks operating in health and disease. TH2-promoting cytokines bind different configurations of receptors. Receptor subunits can exist in surface-bound or soluble forms, as well as in isolation or in partnership with other subunits. Sharing of receptor subunits among different cytokine receptor complexes adds to the intricate landscape. This article describes the characteristics of receptors for @entity3646 , @entity4047 , and thymic stromal lymphopoietin and their respective ligands from a structure-function perspective. We detail the mechanisms of receptor complex assembly, the interrelated nature of these receptors, and the effect on @entity32 . The ability for novel and atypical types of receptors to modulate inflammatory processes is also discussed. We highlight current and emerging treatments that target TH2-promoting receptor complexes. Understanding the molecular features of these receptors provides insight into different disease phenotypes and the variable clinical outcomes arising from targeted therapies. These considerations can be used to inform future directions for research and creative strategies for treating individual @entity1 .

title: A molecular perspective on TH2-promoting cytokine receptors in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: C3 complement is produced in response to macrophage activation and is a reliable marker of the risk of @entity583 in @entity1 . This study was designed to ascertain whether the treatment with @entity2993 , a powerful @entity165 lowering drug, and/or @entity270 , a natural antioxidant, may induce a short term decrease in serum C3 in subjects with persistently elevated levels. From an initial random sample of 1100 @entity1 aged 55-64 years, 140 subjects with 3 consecutive C3 measurements in the high tertile (>1.19 g/l) were selected. Those with total @entity165 <5.56 mmol/l were double blindly randomized in groups 1 (placebo, N = 28, G1) and 2 ( @entity270 600 IU/day, N= 30, G2). The subjects with total @entity165 values >5.56 mmol/l were randomized in groups 3 (placebo, N= 30, G3), 4 ( @entity2993 10 mg/day, @entity6431 ( @entity2993 10 mg/day + @entity270 600 IU/day, N = 25, G5). After 3 months C3 levels were substantially unchanged in the first 4 groups, while in G5 a very significant decrement occurred: -0.070 g/l (5.2%); 95% CI 0.043-0.098; p <0.0001. "Normal" levels of C3 (< 1.19 g/l) were reached by 28% of G5 subjects. In G2 and G5 @entity270 levels increased by 60 and 36%, while in G4 they decreased by 23% (p < 0.0001), paralleling @entity165 and @entity412 fall. In all groups a progressive decrease in HDL @entity165 occurred (-17%, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, treatment with @entity2993 plus @entity270 for three months can lower persistently elevated C3 levels.

title: Short term effect of @entity2993 and XXXX on serum levels of C3, a sensitive marker of the risk of @entity583 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: The anatomic pathology discipline is slowly moving toward a digital workflow, where pathologists will evaluate whole-slide images on a computer monitor rather than glass slides through a microscope. One of the driving factors in this workflow is computer-assisted scoring, which depends on appropriate selection of regions of interest. With advances in tissue pattern recognition techniques, a more precise region of the tissue can be evaluated, no longer bound by the pathologist's patience in manually outlining target tissue areas. Pathologists use entire tissues from which to determine a score in a region of interest when making manual immunohistochemistry assessments. Tissue pattern recognition theoretically offers this same advantage; however, error rates exist in any tissue pattern recognition program, and these error rates contribute to errors in the overall score. To provide a real-world example of tissue pattern recognition, 11 @entity1722 -stained upper @entity344 with high heterogeneity were evaluated. @entity1722 scoring of @entity356 was chosen due to its increasing importance in @entity344 . A method is introduced for quantifying the error rates of tissue pattern recognition. The trade-off between fully sampling @entity5 with a given tissue pattern recognition error rate versus randomly sampling a limited number of fields of view with higher target accuracy was modeled with a Monte-Carlo simulation. Under most scenarios, stereological methods of sampling-limited fields of view outperformed whole-slide tissue pattern recognition approaches for accurate immunohistochemistry analysis. The importance of educating pathologists in the use of statistical sampling is discussed, along with the emerging role of hybrid whole-tissue imaging and stereological approaches.

title: Tissue pattern recognition error rates and @entity5 heterogeneity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal malignancies']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity694 with portal vein @entity5 @entity715 has a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of these @entity1 . In this study, we attempted to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of such @entity1 reported in the Japanese literature, including our own case. This case concerns a 48-year-old female @entity1 diagnosed as having transverse @entity694 with severe portal vein @entity5 @entity715 . Despite curative resection, the @entity1 was found to have multiple liver @entity3 six months later, and chemotherapy did not prove to be adequately effective; she died 18 months after surgery. A search of the relevant literature revealed 9 reports of similar @entity1 . The @entity1 consisted of 4 males and 6 synchronous cases, with a median age of 70 years. @entity715 was observed in 6 @entity1 . While the portal vein was the most frequent site of @entity715 , other @entity1 showed @entity5 @entity715 of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins. Despite curative resection, 3 @entity1 eventually developed liver @entity3 after the operation. The median disease-free survival of the @entity1 who had undergone curative resection was 300 days, and the overall median survival of the @entity1 was 420 days. Thus, for the portal vein @entity5 @entity715 , we need to adopt adjuvant chemotherapy in consideration of a high risk for the liver @entity3 .

title: [ @entity694 with portal vein @entity5 XXXX -a case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein tumor thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate, within the first 2 years of diagnosis with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), associations between disease-related measures and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality in @entity1 with @entity309 onset before and after 65 years of age. METHODS: The study population (n = 741; 67.5% @entity1 ) was derived from the Better Anti-Rheumatic Pharmaco Therapy (BARFOT) early @entity309 cohort, recruited 1993-1999. The mean age was 55 years (SD 14.7). The outcomes were incident @entity65 events and all-cause mortality until 2010. Area under the curve (AUC) for disease measures at inclusion, 1 and 2 years, and decrease in measures after 1 year were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 177 @entity65 events and 151 @entity204 occurred over 10 years of observation. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) or anticitrullinated protein antibodies ( @entity7134 ); white blood (cell) count at diagnosis; and AUC of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and visual analog scale (VAS)- @entity158 were associated with higher @entity65 risk among @entity1 with disease onset before 65 years of age. Among @entity1 with disease onset after 65 years, larger decreases in @entity1851 , ESR, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), and use of @entity1499 decreased @entity65 risk, whereas use of glucocorticoids heightened @entity65 risk. AUC of @entity1851 , ESR, HAQ, and HAQ after 2 years was related to risk of @entity204 in both age groups. Seropositivity and AUC for @entity227 in the younger group and use of glucocorticoids in the elderly were associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSION: Early treatment of @entity309 may improve longterm outcomes. Presence of RF or @entity7134 associates with @entity65 and mortality among @entity309 @entity1 with disease onset before 65 years. Age stratification may improve evaluation of risk for @entity65 and mortality in early @entity309 .

title: Disease factors in early XXXX are associated with differential risks for cardiovascular events and mortality depending on age at onset: a 10-year observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) is a narrowing of the bony exit of a nerve root, which causes mechanical compression of spinal nerve roots. @entity158 , and possibly @entity613 , may result due to mechanical neural compression. Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) are commonly used for treating @entity2649 . @entity1 refractory to TFESIs may benefit from percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis. OBJECTIVE: Our intent was to assess transforaminal adhesiolysis ( @entity13799 ) as treatment for @entity2649 , analyzing @entity1 response by severity of @entity850 and evaluating the short-term effectiveness of @entity13799 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Following IRB approval, 35 @entity1 with @entity2649 were enrolled, all of whom underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. Sagittal MRI views were evaluated to grade the severity of @entity2649 . @entity13799 was routinely conducted in the operating room. One hour after the procedure, each @entity1 received 6 mL of 10% @entity2827 , infused over 30 minutes, with monitoring. Posttreatment outcomes were determined at 2 weeks and 3 months using a 5-point @entity1 satisfaction scale. To test predictive value, @entity1 were stratified by response (improvement versus no improvement). RESULTS: Improvement (defined as @entity158 , moderate @entity158 , or no @entity158 ) was observed in 25 @entity1 (71.4%) at 2 weeks and in 22 @entity1 (62.8%) at 3 months following the procedure. Among @entity1 showing improvement, those with Grade 3 @entity612 outnumbered those with Grade 2. At the 3-month follow-up, no statistically significant correlations between @entity158 relief and the grade of @entity2649 was evident. LIMITATIONS: Secondary outcomes were not measured and the follow-up period was relatively brief. CONCLUSION: Short-term results indicate that percutaneous @entity13799 is an effective treatment for @entity2649 , although therapeutic outcomes and the severity of @entity2649 showed no correlation.

title: Effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal adhesiolysis in XXXX with lumbar neuroforaminal @entity612 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LFSS', 'Lumbar foraminal spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'little pain', 'Low back pain and/or leg pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Different neurobiological mechanism(s) might contribute to evoked and non-evoked @entity158 and to limited translational drug discovery efforts. Other variables including the @entity158 model and sensory testing method used, dose/route/preadministration time of compound(s), lack of adverse effect profiling and level of observer experience might also contribute. With these points in mind, we tested three mechanistically distinct analgesics in @entity35 models of algogen-induced and @entity9 . In @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) @entity35 evoked hindpaw mechanical @entity56 and spontaneous weight bearing deficits developed quickly and persisted for at least 3 weeks post-injury. In contrast, evoked @entity56 , or movement-associated behavioural deficits (rotarod, beam-walking) were less manifested or dissipated rapidly post-injury. Mechanical @entity56 was dose-dependently reversed by @entity1286 (3-10 mg/kg, s.c.) and @entity2682 (50-200 mg/kg, i.p.). @entity353 and @entity56 were reversed only by high doses of each drug. Surprisingly, @entity4480 (10-60 mg/kg, s.c.) was largely ineffective in neuropathic @entity35 although it partially reduced @entity406 -induced spontaneous nocifensive behaviours; especially during interphase, a period associated with activation of descending monoaminergic inhibition. @entity1286 and @entity2682 markedly attenuated second phase @entity406 - and in addition @entity2951 -induced nocifensive behaviours; indicative of effects on central sensitization and nociceptor hyperexcitability mechanisms. Only @entity2682 consistently attenuated nociceptive behaviours at a dose that did not impair exploratory locomotor behaviour in na  ve @entity35 . Accordingly, this comparative analysis indicates that the pharmacological sensitivity of evoked and non-evoked @entity158 indices does not necessarily correlate within models, perhaps reflecting differing underlying mechanisms. Conversely, the pharmacological specificity of non-evoked @entity158 indices to selected drugs was conserved across models indicative of similar underlying mechanisms enduring in the face of differing aetiology. Finally, although the predictive capacity of these models was largely unaffected by observer-related experience, it was putatively compromised when adverse event profiling of each drug was considered in parallel.

title: The combined predictive capacity of XXXX models of algogen-induced and @entity56 to clinically used analgesics varies with nociceptive endpoint and consideration of locomotor function.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Weight bearing deficits']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'cold hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We present the fourth case of a primary @entity11612 ( @entity2108 ), @entity7041 -. An 80-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our clinic for further investigation of a fever of unknown origin. He noted @entity448 , @entity353 and @entity1295 . His laboratory tests showed @entity417 and a great elevation of ESR, LDH, and @entity2262 . In CT and MRI scan, a soft tissue mass in the pancreas was observed. A repeated endoscopy after his admission revealed an @entity1066 of the duodenal bulb. Explorative laparotomy confirmed a diffuse spread of an unresectable malignant pancreatic mass extending to the adjacent organs. Duodenal and surgical biopsies identified an @entity2108 of T-cell lineage, @entity7041 -. The @entity1 died in the Intensive Care Unit due to @entity1344 . Our case is the first one indicating that primary @entity11612 should be suspected in a @entity1 with pancreatic mass and elevated serum LDH and @entity2262 .

title: Primary @entity11612 , XXXX negative: a case report.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated mass-like deformity']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2) microglobulin', 'beta (2) microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity11612 :: ('MESH:C566516', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lymphoma', 'pancreatic anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity7041 :: (238,Gene) :: ['ALK']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2530 of the capital femoral epiphysis is a significant late @entity137 of treatment for @entity706 . We determined clinical and imaging risk factors predicting clinical joint outcomes of @entity2738 in @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively medical records and magnetic resonance imaging scans of 80 @entity1 with @entity2530 of the capital femoral epiphysis. Logistic regression was used to examine relationships between risk factors and outcomes of joint surface collapse and arthroplasty. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to display the time to joint surface collapse and arthroplasty based on selected predictors. RESULTS: Median time between primary diagnosis and diagnosis of @entity2530 of the hip was 1.7 years (range, 0.1 to 17.5 years). Twenty-three @entity1 (29%) underwent arthroplasty in 36 hips at a mean of 1.3 years (range, 0.5 to 8.6 years) after diagnosis of @entity2530 . Median age at time of first arthroplasty was 20.1 years (range, 15.1 to 35.4 years). Joint outcome of @entity2530 was predicted solely by lesion size at diagnosis of @entity2530 . The worst prognosis was associated with lesions occupying more than 30% of the femoral head volume; 80% of hips with these lesions collapsed within 2 years of diagnosis and 50% required arthroplasty. CONCLUSION: Lesion size of @entity2530 is the best predictor of clinical joint outcome of @entity572 in survivors of @entity4806 @entity1583 . Lesions occupying more than 30% of the femoral head have high likelihood of joint deterioration necessitating arthroplasty at a young age.

title: @entity2738 in @entity4806 and young adult XXXX with @entity1778 or @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'childhood leukemia and lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 7 @entity1 with @entity2348 treated through a posterior approach. METHODS: Five @entity1 and 2 @entity1 aged 40 to 80 years underwent one-stage posterior interbody debridement and instrumentation for single-segment @entity2348 of lumbar (n=5) or @entity1514 (n=2) vertebrae. The Oswestry Disability Score, the Frankel classification, the Cobb angle, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity158 as well as bone union on radiographs were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for 19 to 36 months. None had relapses or complications. Postoperatively, 5 @entity1 had no @entity158 or used analgesics only occasionally; their VAS scores varied from 0 to 20. The remaining 2 @entity1 had residual symptoms and received regular peripheral @entity158 medication and opiates; their VAS scores ranged from 30 to 50. The mean Oswestry Disability Score improved to 21 (range, 12-38). The mean Cobb angle improved from 13.1 to 11.1 degrees. The segments were probably fused in 5 @entity1 and questionable in 2. CONCLUSION: Posterior debridement and instrumentation was adequate for single-segment @entity1512 and achieved good outcomes.

title: Posterior interbody grafting and instrumentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial spondylodiscitis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: Activated brain microglia play a pivotal role in inflammatory and @entity179 , mediating immune function and producing toxic and trophic agents. We previously reported that microglia express neurotrophins and that @entity19562 (NT-3) increases microglial proliferation and phagocytosis, processes associated with cellular activation. However, mechanisms regulating responsiveness to NT-3 and expression of NT-3 in activated microglia remain undefined. To investigate mechanisms governing microglial responsiveness to neurotrophins, we determined whether microglia express @entity13820 , the high-affinity receptor for NT-3, and whether the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulates receptor expression. @entity13820 mRNA was expressed by unstimulated microglia, and both @entity13820 mRNA and protein were dramatically increased by LPS. In contrast, expression of @entity2250 , the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), was down-regulated by LPS. Consequently, the same stimulus differentially influences responsiveness of microglia to distinct trophins. In addition, LPS induced microglial NT-3 expression, suggesting that increases in both the ligand and receptor modulate NT-3 effects on microglia. Regulation was specific, since @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity19563 expression were unaltered by LPS. In sum, our findings raise the possibility that microglial NT-3 regulates their response to @entity32 through autocrine mechanisms: LPS modulates both @entity13820 and NT-3 which, in turn, regulate microglial function.

title: Lipopolysaccharide differentially regulates microglial trk receptor and XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear gene mutations are being increasingly recognised as causes of @entity2383 . The nuclear gene @entity48471 has recently been implicated in @entity2383 , but the spectrum of pathogenic variants and associated phenotype for this gene, has not been fully elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-month-old @entity1 presented with @entity8 associated with a @entity2055 , bilateral @entity1274 , @entity2421 , delayed @entity227 and @entity245 . Over a 9-year period, he progressed to @entity740 stage V and developed a @entity384 . @entity8 as well as cytochrome c oxidase activity prompted genetic testing. After exclusion of mitochondrial DNA defects, nuclear genetic studies identified compound heterozygous @entity48471 ( @entity48472 , @entity48473 and @entity48474 , @entity48475 ) variants. CONCLUSION: We report @entity48471 gene variants associated with end stage @entity177 , @entity384 , @entity2319 and @entity16 due to @entity2383 . This case expands current knowledge of @entity2383 secondary to mutation of the @entity48471 gene by further delineating renal manifestations including histopathology. To our knowledge @entity384 has not been reported with @entity177 in @entity2383 due to mutations of @entity48471 . The presence of this complication was important in this case as it precluded renal transplantation.

title: Compound heterozygous XXXX gene variants associated with @entity740 , @entity384 and @entity16 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities in renal and muscle biopsy', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual maturation']

entities_list: @entity48473 :: ('p|SUB|N|238|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p. Asn238Ser']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['global developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease']

answer: @entity48471 :: (55005,Gene) :: ['RMND1']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) are important gut signaling hormones, influencing lipid, @entity413 , and energy homeostasis. The exact mechanisms behind these effects are not yet fully understood. Lately, they have come to the fore as putative therapeutics in @entity209 , such as e.g. @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). We elucidate to what extent @entity7902 impacts on the mRNAome and microRNAome in hepatocytes to gather novel insights into the mechanisms behind metabolic and toxicologic effects of @entity3645 . MAIN METHODS: Five batches of primary @entity1 hepatocytes were treated with 50 mol/l @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) for 24 or 48h. Total RNA was extracted, size fractionated and subjected to Next Generation Sequencing to generate mRNA and miRNA profiles. KEY FINDINGS: Expression of 738 genes and 52 miRNAs were @entity13656 dependently decreased, whereas 1566 genes and 29 miRNAs were significantly increased in hepatocytes. Distinct gene clusters controlling BA and lipid homeostasis (FGF(R), @entity16066 and FABP family members, @entity29536 ) and drug metabolism (CYP, @entity6900 and SULT family members) were significantly modulated by @entity13656 . Importantly, @entity13656 affected distinct microRNAs, including @entity7762 , -505, -885, -1260 and -552 that systematically correlated in expression with gene clusters responsible for @entity6741 , lipid and drug homeostasis incorporating genes, such as e.g. @entity6906 , @entity38520 , @entity30361 , @entity5321 , @entity4914 , @entity16066 family members and @entity16389 . SIGNIFICANCE: @entity3645 significantly modulate metabolic and drug associated gene networks that are connected to distinct shifts in the microRNAome These findings give novel insights on how BA enfold metabolic and system toxic effects.

title: @entity10140 significantly impacts the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in lipid, XXXX and drug metabolism in @entity1 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify ocular complications in @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), who have a propensity to progress to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity2590 were the subjects in this retrospective study, and 21 @entity1 with @entity3052 were selected as controls. Reviewing their clinical records, we verified that corneal @entity1066 , @entity5502 , @entity548 , @entity5861 , and @entity7995 had been evaluated using slit-lamp assessment and opthalmoscopy in all the @entity1 . In this study, the @entity2590 @entity1 were classified into those with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) and those with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ). RESULTS: @entity2194 were found in 19 (46.3%) of the 41 @entity1 with @entity2590 , comprising corneal @entity1066 (two cases), @entity5502 (five), @entity548 (one), @entity5861 (ten), @entity2708 wool spots (one), and @entity7995 (two). (Some @entity1 had more than one ocular complication.) @entity2194 were identified in 12 of the 21 (57.1%) @entity1 with @entity3052 . There was no significant difference in frequency of ocular complications between @entity2590 and @entity3052 (P = 0.4892). In @entity2590 , @entity5861 was associated with significantly reduced platelet counts (P = 0.0063). The frequency of ocular complications was significantly higher in @entity2590 - @entity7139 than in @entity417 (P = 0.0478). @entity5861 was significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity2590 - @entity7139 than in @entity1 with @entity417 (P = 0.0433). CONCLUSION: @entity2194 in @entity2590 @entity1 should be carefully examined as prognostic factors for progression to @entity3052 .

title: XXXX in @entity2590 as preleukemic disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB', 'refractory anemia with excess blasts']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['MDS-RA', 'refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal hemorrhage', 'retinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular complications']


abstract: @entity286 smoke exerts perturbations on lipid metabolism and arterial cell function that accelerate @entity731 . Lipidomics has emerged as a key technology in helping to elucidate the lipid-related mechanisms of @entity731 . In this study, we investigated the effects of smoking cessation on plaque development and aortic arch content of various lipid molecular classes and species. @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 were exposed to fresh air (sham) or to mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) for 6 months, or to CS for 3 months followed by sham for 3 months (cessation group). Lipids from plasma and aortic arches, plasma lipoprotein profiles and plaque morphometry measurements were analyzed. We already showed that CS exposure accelerated plaque size and total @entity165 content of the aortic arch at 3 and 6 months. Marked increases were seen in the relative enrichment of @entity8557 , phospholipids, sphingomyelins, and glycosphingolipids. Smoking cessation slowed plaque progression and resulted in lower levels of many lipid species in plasma and aortic arch. While CS exposure promoted rapid lipid accumulation in @entity19 aorta, smoking cessation translated into a slow removal of lipids from the vessel wall. Despite the smoking cessation-dependent metabolic changes leading to increased animal body weight, accumulation of proatherogenic lipids in the vessel was halted after exposure cessation, indicating that the clinical benefits of smoking cessation translate directly to the vessel wall and its lipid makeup.

title: Cigarette-smoke-induced atherogenic lipid profiles in plasma and vascular tissue of XXXX -deficient @entity19 are attenuated by smoking cessation.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is frequently associated with transient @entity4854 even in @entity1 without pre-existing @entity6 . Acute stress can lead to increased blood @entity413 through the effect of @entity2661 on alpha2A-adrenergic receptors (a2A-ARs) present in pancreatic islet b-cells. Variation in the gene ( @entity23510 ) that encodes the a2A-AR affects insulin release and @entity413 control and may play a particularly important role during times of stress. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using de-identified electronic medical records linked to a DNA repository in 521 Caucasians and 55 African-American non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity583 . We examined the association between admission blood @entity413 concentrations and ten selected @entity23510 SNPs in Caucasians. RESULTS: Three @entity23510 SNPS were associated with stress-induced @entity4854 in Caucasians. Individuals homozygous for the @entity47622 variant (n=9) had a 23% lower admission @entity413 (geometric mean [95% CI], 99 [83-118]mg/dl) compared with non-carriers (121 [118-125] mg/dl; n=401; P=0.001). Admission @entity413 was 14% higher in @entity38257 variant homozygotes (134 [119-150]mg/dl; n=36) compared to non-carriers (118 [115-121]mg/dl; n=290, P=0.046). Furthermore, homozygotes of the @entity47623 variant (n=13) had a 13% higher @entity413 (133 [110-160]mg/dl) compared to non-carriers (118 [115-122]mg/dl; n=366; P=0.056). Haplotypes including these @entity23510 SNPs were associated with higher admission @entity413 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Three @entity23510 genetic variants are associated with blood @entity413 and stress-induced @entity4854 after @entity583 in Caucasians.

title: @entity23510 genetic variation contributes to @entity4854 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the eye with chronic primary @entity2747 (CPACG) with its fellow eye without @entity16 and to determine the biometric differences that may predispose to development of CPACG. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with CPACG in 1 eye and primary angle-closure (PAC)/primary angle-closure suspected (PACS) in the fellow eye were recruited. The biometric parameters of both the eyes were measured by A-scan ultrasonic biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Comparisons of visual function, baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), and the biometric measurements were made. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were recruited. Eyes with CPACG had worse visual function, higher baseline IOP, and larger cup-to-disc ratio than their fellow eyes with PAC/PACS (P<0.001). Eyes with CPACG had shallower anterior chamber depths, smaller anterior chamber angles, thinner irises, and longer @entity1539 -ciliary process distances than their fellow eyes with PAC/PACS (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of lens thicknesses, axial lengths, lens vault, and trabecular-ciliary process distances. CONCLUSIONS: Lens thickness, lens location, and axial length do not appear to play a significant role in the progression from PAC/PACS to CPACG. A thin and anterior @entity1539 bowing may be related to the progression from PAC/PACS to CPACG.

title: Comparison of Ocular Biometry Between Eyes With Chronic Primary XXXX and their Fellow Eyes With Primary Angle-Closure or Primary Angle-Closure Suspect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma damage']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) and oral @entity4352 receptor antagonists (LTRA) are effective drugs used in the management of @entity565 as controller monotherapy in adolescents and adults, although there are debates as to which one is better. OBJECTIVES: To thoroughly compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4185 vs LTRA in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate @entity565 . METHODS: Relative database were searched for the review. Randomized controlled trials of more than or equal to 4 weeks' treatment duration comparing @entity4185 with LTRA were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-four trials with 6197 randomized adolescents and adults with mild to moderate @entity565 met the inclusion criteria with a minimum duration of 4 weeks' treatment. Significant differences favouring @entity4185 were found in all indices of pulmonary function. Other significant benefits of @entity4185 were shown in symptoms, nocturnal awakenings, rescue-medication use, symptom-free days and quality of life. As to each special symptom of adverse effects, @entity4185 was similar to LTRA in the incidence of @entity10 , @entity390 and throat discomfort, but significantly higher in the incidence of hoarseness and @entity5253 . Concerning withdrawal because of adverse events potentially related to treatment, @entity4185 was similar to LTRA but significantly superior to LTRA in decreasing the @entity565 exacerbations or attacks during the treatment period. These results show that @entity4185 may be the better drug in terms of efficacy and tolerability, except hoarseness and @entity5253 , and should thus have priority over LTRA in @entity565 monotherapy in adolescents and adults.

title: Comparison of inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral pharyngeal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Our purpose was to evaluate the ability of FDG PET to differentiate recurrent @entity5 from posttherapy radiation @entity39 . METHODS: MR images, PET scans, and medical records of 84 consecutive @entity1 with a history of a treated @entity1313 were evaluated retrospectively. In all @entity1 , recurrent @entity5 or radiation @entity39 was suggested by clinical or MR findings. Metabolic activity of the PET abnormality was compared qualitatively with normal contralateral gray and white matter. RESULTS: PET findings were confirmed histologically in 31 @entity1 . With contralateral white matter as the standard of comparison, the PET scan sensitivity and specificity were found to be 86% and 22%, respectively. With contralateral gray matter as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity became 73% and 56%, respectively. Overall, nearly one third of the @entity1 would have been treated inappropriately in either scheme had the PET scan been the sole determinant of therapy. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the ability of FDG PET to differentiate recurrent @entity5 from radiation @entity39 is limited. Both false-positive and false-negative PET scan results contributed to unacceptably low sensitivity and specificity values.

title: Differentiating recurrent @entity5 from radiation XXXX : time for re-evaluation of positron emission tomography?

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Our aim was to examine whether lipopolysaccharide of @entity526 , @entity4663 of dietetic and/or bacterial origin, and products of the bacterial metabolism influence cell proliferation in epithelial cells from the colon and small intestine. Lipopolysaccharide of @entity526 0111:B4 was incubated with cultures from @entity1 @entity694 . The mitoses were arrested with @entity1891 and the total number of metaphases per crypt was counted. In addition, lipopolysaccharide was incubated with a @entity1 colonic epithelial cell line from @entity420 (LS-123 cells) and with a nontransformed small intestinal cell line from germ-free @entity35 (IEC-6 cells) for 24 h. In the last 4 h, the cells were labeled with tritiated @entity1014 . The cells were incubated with @entity7224 , @entity7226 , and @entity11667 at 10(-11)-10(-3) M and with @entity1543 (10(-5)-10(-1) M), @entity3094 (10(-10)-10(-4) M) and @entity5819 (1-20 mM). Lipopolysaccharide of @entity526 increased the number of arrested metaphases in @entity1 colonic crypts and DNA synthesis in L-123 and IEC-6 cells (P < 0.001). All @entity4663 increased DNA synthesis in the colonic and small intestinal cell lines, the effects being more marked for @entity7224 (P < 0.001). The higher concentrations of @entity1543 increased DNA synthesis in both epithelial cell lines (P < 0.001). @entity3094 slightly decreased DNA synthesis in LS-123 cells at cytotoxic concentrations. @entity5819 did not significantly affect DNA synthesis. The final concentration of nonionized @entity3265 was less than 3%. It is concluded that lipopolysaccharides of @entity526 and intraluminal factors derived from microorganisms increase cell proliferation in @entity1 colonic crypts and intestinal epithelial cell lines.

title: Lipopolysaccharide of @entity526 , @entity4663 , and XXXX stimulate cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde', 'Acetaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity7226 :: ('MESH:D002103', 'Chemical') :: ['cadaverine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium chloride', 'ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of myocardial-perfusion imaging in calculating risk in symptom-free @entity1 who have had coronary-artery-bypass grafting (CABG) is unclear. Practice guidelines have argued against routine screening of these @entity1 . We sought to find out the independent and incremental prognostic value of exercise @entity4214 -201 single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) for prediction of @entity204 and non-fatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in these @entity1 . METHODS: Analyses were based on 873 symptom-free @entity1 undergoing symptom-limited exercise @entity4214 -201 SPECT between September, 1990, and December, 1993. All had undergone CABG and none had recurrent angina or other major intercurrent coronary events. Exercise and @entity4214 -perfusion variables were analysed to determine their prognostic importance during 3 years of follow-up. FINDINGS: Myocardial-perfusion defects were noted in 508 (58%) @entity1 . There were 57 deaths and 72 @entity1 had major events ( @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 ). @entity1 with @entity4214 -perfusion defects were more likely to die (9% vs 3%, p=0.0004) or suffer a major event (11% vs 4%, p=0.0002). Reversible defects were also predictive of @entity204 (12% vs 5%, p=0.002) and major events (13% vs 7%, p=0.004). The exercise variable with the strongest predictive power was an impaired (< or = 6 METs [measure of @entity26 consumption equal to 3.5 mL/kg/min]) exercise capacity; poor exercise capacity was predictive of @entity204 (18% vs 4%, p<0.0001) and @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 (19% vs 5%, p<.00001). After adjusting for baseline clinical variables, surgical variables, time elapsed since CABG, and standard cardiovascular risk factors, @entity4214 -perfusion defects remained predictive of @entity204 (adjusted relative risk 2.78, 95% CI 1.44-5.39) and major events (2.63, 1.49-4.66). Similarly, @entity73 remained strongly predictive of @entity204 (4.16, 2.38-7.29) and major events (3.61, 2.22-5.87) after adjusting for confounders. INTERPRETATION: In this group of @entity1 who were symptom-free after CABG, @entity4214 -perfusion defects and @entity73 capacity were strong and independent predictors of subsequent @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 . Recommendations against routine screening exercise myocardial-perfusion studies in this setting should be reconsidered.

title: Prediction of @entity204 and @entity583 by screening with exercise- XXXX testing after coronary-artery-bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired exercise']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the percent decussation of pupil input fibers in @entity1 and to explain the size and range of the log unit @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) in @entity1 with optic tract lesions. DESIGN: Experimental study. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: Five @entity1 with a unilateral optic tract lesion. METHODS: The pupil response from light stimulation of the nasal hemifield, temporal hemifield, and full field of each eye of 5 @entity1 with a unilateral optic tract lesion was recorded using computerized binocular infrared pupillography. Six stimulus light intensities, separated by 0.5-log unit steps, were used; 12 stimulus repetitions were given for each stimulus condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For each stimulus condition, the pupil response of each eye was characterized by plotting the mean pupil contraction amplitude as a function of stimulus light intensity. The percentage of decussating afferent pupillomotor input fibers was calculated from the ratio of the maximal pupil contractions elicited from each eye. The @entity2300 was determined pupillographically from full-field stimulation to each eye. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , the pupil response from the functioning temporal hemifield ipsilateral to the tract lesion was greater than that from the functioning contralateral nasal hemifield. This temporal-nasal asymmetry increased with increasing stimulus intensity and was similar in hemifield and full-field stimuli, eventually saturating at maximal light intensity. The log unit @entity2300 did not correlate with the estimated percentage of decussating pupil fibers, which ranged from 54% to 67%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with a unilateral optic tract lesion, the pupillary responses from full-field stimulation to each eye are the same as comparing the functioning temporal field with the functioning nasal field. The percentage of decussating fibers is reflected in the ratio of the maximal pupil contraction amplitudes resulting from stimulus input between the two eyes. The @entity2300 that occurs in this setting reflects the difference in light sensitivity between the intact temporal and nasal hemifields. Its magnitude does not correlate with the difference in the number of crossed and uncrossed axons, but its sidedness contralateral to the side of the optic tract lesion is consistent with the greater percentage of decussating pupillomotor input.

title: Origin of the XXXX in optic tract lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['RAPD', 'relative afferent pupillary defect']

answer: @entity2300 :: (MESH:D011681,Disease) :: ['relative afferent pupillary defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systematic surveillance for resistant @entity311 shows high level of resistance of @entity3964 to @entity1484 (SP) across eastern and southern parts of Africa. This study assessed in vivo SP efficacy after two years of use as an interim first-line drug in Tanzania, and determined the rates of treatment failures obtained after 14 and 28 days of follow-up. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Ipinda, Mlimba and Mkuranga health facilities in Tanzania. @entity1 aged 6-59 months presenting with raised temperature associated exclusively with @entity3964 (1,000-100,000 parasites per microl) were treated with standard dose of SP. Treatment responses were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition as Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR), Early Treatment Failure (ETF), Late Clinical Failure (LCF) and Late Parasitological Failure (LPF) on day 14 and day 28. RESULTS: Overall 196 (85.2%) of 230 @entity1 had ACPR on day 14 but only 116 (50.9%) on day 28 (57.7% after excluding new @entity281 by parasite genotyping). Altogether 21 (9.1%) and 13 (5.7%) of the 230 @entity1 assessed up to day 14 and 39 (17.1%) and 55 (24.1%) of the 228 followed up to day 28 had clinical and parasitological failure, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that SP has low therapeutic value in Tanzania. The recommendation of changing first line treatment to @entity15280 + @entity15281 combination therapy from early next year is, therefore, highly justified. These findings further stress that, for long half-life drugs such as SP, establishment of cut-off points for policy change in high transmission areas should consider both clinical and parasitological responses beyond day 14.

title: Efficacy of @entity1484 in Tanzania after two years as first-line drug for uncomplicated XXXX : assessment protocol and implication for treatment policy strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity15281 :: ('MESH:C102070', 'Chemical') :: ['lumefantrine']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity15280 :: ('MESH:C032942', 'Chemical') :: ['artemether']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: During the 5 years from 1987 to 1991, 89 elderly @entity1 , aged 70 years and over, were admitted to departments of neurosurgery in Yamaguchi prefecture with @entity1653 . The clinical features and prognostic implications of @entity1653 in the elderly were assessed retrospectively. Seventy-eight (88%) of the 89 @entity1 underwent surgery, which was a higher rate than has been previously reported. The length of clinical history was also shorter than in previous studies, and was partly due to the recent introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incidence of poor prognosis (severe disability, vegetative or dead) in the elderly and a younger group aged less than 70 years was 13% and 7%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the surgically treated elderly group, age did not influence the @entity1 's outcome. The factors affecting the outcome were pre-operative @entity51 (p < 0.05), histological malignancy (p < 0.05), and multiple operations (p < 0.05). Twenty-seven of the elderly @entity1653 @entity1 were in good physical condition with minimal neurological involvement. They underwent total @entity5 at the first operation, and the histological diagnosis was benign. Twenty-five of these 27 @entity1 fell into the best outcome category. Therefore, age alone was not a factor preventing proper surgical treatment of @entity1653 in the elderly.

title: Prognostic implications of XXXX in the elderly (over 70 years old) in the era of magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the activity and @entity137 of split-dose @entity1311 or @entity1205 in combination with @entity136 in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) who had previously received anthracyclines. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 210 @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms: @entity136 1,250 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 8 and @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) as a 3-h infusion on Day 1 ( @entity15327 ); @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 8 and @entity1311 100 mg/m(2) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 ( @entity15328 ); @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 8 and @entity1205 40 mg/m(2) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 (GD). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: For the 204 @entity1 evaluable for response assessment, the response rates were 48.6% for @entity15327 , 52.2% for @entity15328 , and 52.3% for GD. Median response duration, time to treatment failure, and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were similar in each arm. Median @entity1054 for @entity15327 , @entity15328 and GD was 7.5, 7.0 and 7.4 months, respectively. For the 208 @entity1 evaluable for safety, the most common grade 3/4 @entity137 for each regimen was neutropaenia, with 64%, 57%, and 68% for @entity15327 , @entity15328 , and GD, respectively. Grade 4 neutropaenia, grade 3/4 @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity294 were more common in the @entity1205 arm, as was the use of intravenous antibiotics and blood transfusions. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the high activity of @entity136 - @entity3907 combinations in @entity0 . Split-dose @entity1311 had similar activity and @entity137 to the 3-weekly administration. The split-dose @entity1205 regimen had similar activity to the @entity1311 combinations though associated with higher @entity137 .

title: XXXX and split-dose @entity1311 or @entity1205 in @entity0 : a randomised phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropaenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: An investigation was carried out to define the ontogeny of normal @entity19 mammary gland responsiveness to the proliferative effects of @entity172 (E) and/or @entity1420 (P). Since hormone receptors for both @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 ( @entity1061 ) are present in both epithelial and stromal cells, we have investigated how the effects of E and P are related to the presence of receptor activity in the epithelium and stroma. Intact or ovariectomized @entity19 , between 3 days and 10 weeks of age, were used to study the effects of E and/or P on DNA synthesis, as determined by DNA histoautoradiography; the cellular distribution of ER and @entity1061 was investigated by @entity134 autoradiography. The results indicate that the mammary gland sequentially acquires the ability to respond to the stimulatory effects of E and/or P. In the early postnatal period (3-14 days) neither hormone was effective. Both epithelial and stromal cells first became responsive to E at 3-4 weeks of age. @entity172 receptors were first detected in stromal cells at 5 days of age and in epithelial cells at 2 weeks of age. Thus, the acquisition of @entity172 responsiveness did not appear to be tightly coupled to the presence of ER in either epithelial or stromal cells. In contrast, responsiveness to P was acquired significantly later, at 7 weeks of age, and was closely linked to the presence of E-inducible @entity1061 in epithelial cells. P caused a highly synergistic effect on epithelial cell DNA synthesis when combined with E, providing further support for the concept that the major proliferative effect of P is mediated via E-inducible @entity1061 . @entity1061 were also present in stromal cells, but the proliferative effect of P in that cell type was not correlated with the presence of @entity1061 .

title: The ontogeny of @entity19 mammary gland responsiveness to ovarian XXXX hormones.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 have undergone surgical treatment because of subaortic obstruction in hearts with a univentricular atrioventricular connection. Nine @entity1 underwent surgical enlargement of the @entity1757 and four @entity1 had construction of an aortopulmonary @entity254 and closure of the pulmonary trunk (the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure). Two @entity1 undergoing enlargement of the @entity1757 and two having the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure also had a modified Fontan procedure. One @entity1 had complete @entity616 after direct enlargement of the @entity1757 , which necessitated insertion of an epicardial pacemaker. One @entity1 died within 30 days of the operation after enlargement of the defect and two @entity1 after the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure. There was one late death, occurring in a @entity1 who underwent enlargement of the @entity1757 . Ten @entity1 have subsequently undergone conventional cardiac catheterization and angiography or transcutaneous Doppler flow studies to assess the relief of the subaortic obstruction. The result has been satisfactory in all. Because of this experience, we now recommend direct surgical enlargement of the restrictive @entity1757 for direct relief of @entity475 occurring with a univentricular atrioventricular connection to a dominant left ventricle, inasmuch as it appears to be hemodynamically effective with a low operative mortality and morbidity. The Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure can also have a role in relieving @entity475 when the atria are connected to a dominant right ventricle.

title: Options for surgical repair in hearts with univentricular atrioventricular connection and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

answer: @entity475 :: (MESH:C564793,Disease) :: ['subaortic stenosis']


abstract: Twenty-five primiparous Holstein @entity291 were divided into five experimental groups (five animals per group) by different feeding (control fat preparation [CON] or conjugated @entity4722 [ @entity13357 ] supplement) and slaughtering times. The daily consumption of CLA was 6.0 g of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA-isomer and 5.7 g cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer. An initial group (IG) was slaughtered one day post partum (pp) and the remaining 20 animals after 42 and 105 days pp, respectively. Blood for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) separation was taken seven days ante partum and immediately before slaughter. The spleen was removed during dissection for isolation of splenocytes and samples for histopathological examination. Cell viability and Concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation was analysed by @entity98 and Alamar Blue assay. Basal expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, @entity17838 , IL-12, @entity5 necrosis factor alpha [ @entity17299 ] and interferon gamma [ @entity12028 ]) was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in unstimulated PMBC and splenocytes. With PBMC, stimulation indices increased from 1 day pp to 105 days pp with no differences between CLA and CON groups. With splenocytes, the stimulation index of the CLA group was lower compared to CON group 105 days pp. Baseline expression of cytokines was not effected by CLA feeding comparing similar time points. Also, no differences occurred in the expression of @entity18194 in PBMC and @entity17838 as well as @entity17299 in both cell populations, when comparing the feeding groups separately with IG. @entity18194 was more frequently expressed in CLA group 42 days pp in splenocytes. @entity12028 expression was increased 105 days pp in CLA group in splenocytes and PBMC. IL-12 was higher expressed 105 days (PBMC) or 42 days pp (splenocytes) when compared to IG. There was no effect of CLA feeding or slaughter time on histopathology of the spleen. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate an inhibiting effect of CLA on the mitogen-induced activation of splenocytes.

title: Effect of conjugated @entity4722 on proliferation and cytokine expression of XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been associated with less @entity282 , an early return of bowel function, a shorter period of hospitalization and disability, and better cosmetic results. However, the application of laparoscopic techniques to the curative resection of @entity14 is still controversial, owing to reports of @entity5 recurrence at the port site wounds. The accumulation of numerous such reports in a relatively short period raised concern that there might be an extraordinary high rate of port site metastases after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. This concern has led to intense clinical and basic research aimed at determining the incidence and causes of wound recurrence and developing preventative measures to address this problem. Despite these efforts, it is still not clear whether port site metastasis is really an inherent drawback to laparoscopic @entity5 surgery. METHODS: In this review of the literature on port site metastasis, we gathered data from clinical series of laparoscopic surgery for @entity14 . We eliminated series of <50 @entity1 , since they may be flawed by the learning curve required for this technically demanding procedure. RESULTS: The rate of port site recurrences in the 1737 @entity1 who participated in these series was 1%. Although the methods and criteria for @entity1 selection in these studies varied, this figure appears to be comparable to the incidence reported for other @entity5 and for laparotomies performed to treat @entity14 . CONCLUSION: This review suggests that wound recurrence may actually be the result of an unfortunate learning curve, rather than an inherent concern. However, we must await the final results of large randomized studies before drawing any definitive conclusions.

title: Trocar site recurrence in laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vitro osteogenesis of the chitosan-gelatin scaffold compounded with recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2). METHODS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 was compounded with chitosan-gelatin scaffolds by freeze-drying. 2T3 @entity19 osteoblasts and C2C12 @entity19 myoblasts were cultured and seeded onto the complexes at the density of 2 x 10(4)/ml respectively. The complexes were divided into two groups. Group A: 2T3 osteoblasts seeded, consisted of 14 rhBMP-2 modified complexes. Each time three scaffolds were taken on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st day of the culturing, then the expression of osteocalcin gene (as the marker of bone formation) in adherent cells was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR with housekeeping gene beta-tubulin as internal-standard. The other 2 rhBMP-2 modified complexes were stopped being cultured on 14th day after cell seeding, and the @entity730 of the complexes was detected by Alizarian Red S staining. Five scaffolds without rhBMP-2 modification as the control group A, they were stopped being cultured on 14th day after cell seeding. Of the 5 scaffolds, 3 were subjected to the detection of osteocalcin gene expression and 2 were subjected to the detection of @entity730 . Group B: C2C12 myoblasts seeded, had equal composition and was treated with the same as group A. Besides these 2 groups, another 2 rhBMP-2 modified complexes with 2T3 osteoblasts seeding were cultured for 3 days and then scanned by electron microscope (SEM) as to detect the compatibility of the cell to the complex. RESULTS: SEM showed that cells attached closely to the complex and grew well. In group A, the expression level (1.28+/-0.17) of osteocalcin gene in cells on rhBMP-2 modified complexes was higher than that (0.56+/-0.09) of the control group A, being statistically significantly different (P< 0. 05) control. C2C12 myoblasts which did not express osteocalcin normally could also express osteocalcin after being stimulated by rhBMP-2 for at least 7 days. Alizarian Red S staining showed that there was more @entity730 on rhBMP-2 modified complexes in both groups. There were more @entity730 in the group compounded with rhBMP-2, when the groups were seeded with the same cells. CONCLUSION: The complex made of rhBMP-2 and chitosan-gelatin scaffolds has strong osteogenesis ability in vitro.

title: [In vitro osteogenesis of the compound of chitosan and recombinant @entity1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2', 'bone morphogenetic protein 2']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated incidence of @entity1448 ( @entity1448 ) is 5% to 20%. We examined our success rate of treating @entity1448 with hydrostatic pressure (the Crigler method) as an office procedure. METHODS: A total of 742 @entity1 with @entity1448 initially were treated noninvasively with hydrostatic pressure. The procedure was safely repeated up to 3 times, with an interval of at least 1 week, if the condition persisted. RESULTS: Success was defined as no @entity9467 or discharge. The success rate for the entire study group was 45% for @entity1 up to 1 year of age. The ducts were opened in 46% (343/742) at the first attempt of hydrostatic pressure, in 35% (42/120) at the second attempt, and in 38% (8/21) at the third attempt. When the maneuver was performed in @entity1 younger than 2 months of age, the success rate of the first attempt was 56%, decreasing to 46% in @entity1 2 to 6 months of age and to 28% older than 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic pressure is an effective way of resolving @entity1 @entity1448 and shortening the duration of the associated morbidity. The success rate is higher when the procedure is conducted in @entity1 up to 2 months of age. Nevertheless, we recommend this approach for every @entity1 presenting with @entity1448 at the first office visit, even after 6 months of age. Procedures can be repeated safely and successfully.

title: Hydrostatic pressure as an office procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['CNDO', 'congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: B16 is a @entity19 @entity320 of C57B1/6 origin, which rapidly develops as a @entity5 when inoculated into syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. Nevertheless, B16 @entity5 are considered to be immunogenic since @entity5 regression can be induced by means of immunotherapeutic intervention. Furthermore, @entity6844 cells express several @entity320 -associated antigens that may serve as targets for autologous T cells. To study the in vivo T cell response against B16, with particular emphasis on diversity and systemic involvement, we examined the spectra of T cell clonotypes in coexisting B16 @entity320 in C57B1/6 @entity19 . Three @entity5 from each animal (n = 8) were examined for the presence of clonotypic T cells using the highly sensitive @entity12810 ( @entity12810 ) clonotype mapping technology. Systematic analysis of the @entity12813 variable regions 1-16 revealed from 19 to more than 30 clonotypic @entity12810 transcripts in each @entity5 . To study intra- and inter-individual variations in the T cell response further, more than 600 clono-typic @entity12810 transcripts were compared for sequence identity. Overall, approximately 2% of the T cell clonotypes were detected in more than one @entity5 from the same animal. Furthermore, none of the detected clonotypes was present in more than one animal, arguing against recurrent or "public" T cell responses against @entity6844 . Our data strongly suggest that anti- @entity320 T cell responses in this @entity19 model encompass mainly localized T cells, and that systemic involvement is limited.

title: Comparative delineation of T cell clonotypes in coexisting syngeneic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma lesions']

answer: @entity6844 :: (MESH:D008546,Disease) :: ['B16 melanoma']


abstract: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) is a rare @entity245 characterized by early-onset recurrent distinctive @entity2749 commonly accompanied by other paroxysmal features and @entity73 . De novo mutations in @entity29732 were recently identified as a genetic cause of @entity4373 . To describe the entire Danish cohort of paediatric @entity4373 @entity1 we approached neuropaediatricians nationwide. All currently acknowledged Danish @entity1  <=16 years with @entity4373 were genetically tested and seen by the same @entity1 neurologist (PU). Ten @entity1 ; seven @entity1 and three @entity1 were identified. Mean present age was 10.0 years (range 1-16). Mean age at presentation was 7.4 months (range 1-18 months). Sequencing of @entity29732 in all ten @entity1 revealed a pathogenic mutation in seven. Two females with moderate @entity1155 were heterozygous for the known @entity48803 mutation, whereas one severely retarded @entity1 was heterozygous for the common @entity29734 mutation. The prevalent @entity29736 mutation was identified in two moderate to severely retarded @entity1 . Interestingly, in a set of monochorionic male twins a novel @entity48804 mutation was identified, underscoring that the @entity2734 at position 801 is a mutation hotspot. Three @entity1 aged 5-13 years did not reveal any @entity29732 mutations. They were rather mildly clinically affected and displayed a normal or near-normal psychomotor development. This is the first study of @entity4373 in the Danish paediatric population. The @entity1 harboured a wide range of @entity1155 . @entity1 with no mutation detected tended to be less severely affected. Prevalence was approximately 1 per 100,000 @entity1 .

title: @entity4373 in Denmark: clinical manifestations and XXXX mutation status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patients', 'boys', 'girls', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic episodes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['developmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AHC', 'Alternating hemiplegia of childhood']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor difficulties', 'psychomotor impairment']

answer: @entity29732 :: (478,Gene) :: ['ATP1A3']


abstract: 68 times of fiberoptic bronchoscopic serial examinations in 32 @entity1 with @entity130 were performed at early stage after injury. @entity854 including @entity384 , erythema, @entity4 and @entity39 were observed. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the degree of damage: mild, moderate and severe. 8 @entity1 with mild @entity130 , their @entity854 included slight @entity384 and @entity4 , these changes extended to the carina with disappearance of the @entity825 rings, airway lumen was slight narrowed, carina was blunted, these lesions were resolved within one week after injury. The fiberoptic bronchoscopy of @entity1 with moderate @entity130 and @entity4 of mucosa of the @entity825 , disappearance of the @entity825 rings, the lumen was more narrowed as compared with mild injury. The blunted carina widen to 0.5 cm due to swelling, the mucosa of primary bronchus showed slight @entity384 and @entity4 . These lesions were resolved 2 weeks after injury. The fiberoptic @entity854 of 13 @entity1 with severe @entity130 were extreme @entity384 and @entity4 of the @entity825 mucosa with @entity39 ; @entity548 and @entity1066 of the mucosa were seen. The @entity825 lumen was significantly narrowed, the carina widened to 1 cm, and even the primary bronchus mucosa manifested moderate @entity384 and @entity4 with @entity39 . However, secondary bronchus mucosa was only slightly damaged. All lesions resolved about three weeks after injury. The results of the fiberoptic bronchoscopy correlated with the clinical course, blood gas analysis, as well as the prognosis.

title: [Assessment of fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination in XXXX --analysis of 32 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoscopic abnormalities', 'Bronchoscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury showed moderate congestion', 'inhalation injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['inhalation injury']


abstract: @entity2 is one of the most common causes of @entity5 worldwide. Although recent advances in chemotherapy and radiation therapy have yielded modest improvements in @entity1 outcomes, overall survival remains poor. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed. @entity18774 ( @entity18774 ) is one potential target. The aim of the present studies was to investigate the potential of a @entity12698 -derived @entity18774 inhibitor ( @entity47056 ), that does not inhibit @entity3840 , to kill @entity2 cells in vitro. Using @entity1 @entity1149 A549 cells, @entity47056 dose-dependently induced apoptosis. After 6 h of treatment with 7.5 microM @entity47056 , 26% of the cells were apoptotic, compared to 4% of the control cells as determined by measuring the sub-G1 peak of @entity2667 stained cells with flow cytometry. A similar increase in apoptosis was evident using the Cell Death ELISA assay. @entity47056 -induced apoptosis was accompanied by a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of @entity4674 and the cleavage of @entity522 . Surprisingly, the phosphorylation of @entity584 at @entity563 473 was increased in A549 cells treated with 7.5 microM @entity47056 . However, the @entity137 of @entity47056 was reduced in A549 cells expressing a constitutively active form of @entity584 . These data demonstrate that @entity47056 induces apoptosis in A549 cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of the @entity584 pathway appears uninvolved in this @entity137 , although @entity584 can provide protection. These results also suggest the potential of @entity12698 -derived agents to treat some forms of @entity2 .

title: @entity137 of a non- XXXX inhibitory derivative of @entity12698 in @entity1149 A549 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18774 :: ('5163', 'Gene') :: ['Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1', 'PDK1']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the medical consequences and economic impact of caring for @entity1 injured after motor vehicle crashes (MVC) involving stolen cars. METHODS: Presented is a case series of inpatients injured secondary to a MVC involving a stolen car from January of 1993 to December of 1994 and treated at a university Level I @entity130 center in Newark, New Jersey. During the time period of the study, 1,232 @entity1 (either as the driver or passenger) were admitted after a MVC, 115 @entity1 (8%) were identified as sustaining injuries secondary to a MVC involving a stolen car. Injuries after car theft represent 8% of all MVC-related admissions. Data collected included demographics, types of injuries, surgical intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay, insurance status, hospital and physician charges, and ultimate outcome. RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , 66 were perpetrators, either as the driver (34) or passenger (32) of a stolen vehicle. Perpetrators were significantly younger and more likely to be male than victims. The overall mortality was 11%. An additional nine fatalities occurred at the scene of a MVC linked to a @entity1 in this study. A high rate of speed and the presence of police pursuit seemed to be related to the severity of the crashes. The mean charges (hospital and physician) were over  34,000 per @entity1 , and the aggregate charges for this cohort were greater than  3.6 million. Fifty-four percent of @entity1 were uninsured. CONCLUSION: Injuries involving stolen cars are common in areas in which the activity has a high prevalence and can compose a significant percentage of a @entity130 center's MVC population. These data run contrary to the popular belief that auto theft is merely a crime against property, because the injuries sustained as a result of this criminal activity tended to be severe and were associated with a high fatality rate. Restricting police pursuit to only those instances in which other felonious activity is suspected may decrease the number of stolen car MVC. Additionally, the total amount of uncompensated care that these @entity1 receive places another financial burden on limited health care and @entity130 center resources, which ultimately effects all other citizens.

title: Auto theft-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: While @entity855 is recognized as an intracellular energy source for many biochemical reactions, it is now recognised it is also an important extracellular signalling molecule. @entity855 is involved in both physiological and pathological events in most cell types, and receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. An important goal of purinergic research today is to annotate the @entity1 genome with functional information regarding the role of genes for purinergic receptors, ectonucleotidases and transporters, in brain physiology and pathology. Insights into these roles have been gained also from studies of the various purinergic knockouts, and here we report on the generation of these purinergic receptor/ectonucleotidase-null @entity19 . Recent X-ray structures of purinergic ligand-activated receptors provide promising templates to understand the molecular mechanism of receptor actions at the atomic level, and to deploy X-ray structures to be used for structure-based drug design. In the present work we also summarize recent findings about X-ray structures of ionotropic and metabotropic purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases. A novel and prominent role as modulators of signal propagation in animal cells is played by microRNAs. By acting as genetic switches, they might become stringent regulators of the variety of cellular responses triggered by the dynamic interactions between purinergic receptors, @entity2036 / @entity2642 , transporters and ectonucleotidases. In this review we highlight data on the regulation of purinergic mechanisms by microRNAs. Finally, we would like to illustrate what information is still missing or needed for the acquisition of a more complete knowledge of purinergic signalling.

title: Purinergic signalling: what is missing and needed next? The use of XXXX , crystallographic analysis and MicroRNA.

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4129 due to @entity3007 @entity51627 is an @entity74 with variable expression, that is clinically characterised by l-dopa responsive, diurnally fluctuating @entity3519 and @entity304 . OBJECTIVE: To delineate the neurological and @entity146 phenotype in all affected individuals of three extended families. METHODS: @entity3007 @entity51627 was documented by biochemical analyses, enzymatic measurements in fibroblasts, and molecular investigations. All affected individuals were examined neurologically, and @entity146 data were systematically reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen affected @entity1 from three families with proven @entity3007 @entity51627 were identified. Eight @entity1 presenting at less than 20 years of age had typical motor symptoms of @entity3519 with diurnal variation. Five family members had late-presenting mild dopa-responsive symptoms of @entity2003 , frequent falls, and @entity924 . Among mutation carriers older than 20 years of age, major @entity308 , often recurrent, and @entity3119 were strikingly more frequent than observed in the general population. @entity1 responded well to medication increasing serotonergic neurotransmission and to l-dopa substitution. Sleep disorders including @entity25 and maintenance, excessive @entity25 , and frequent disturbing nightmares were present in 55% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of this expanded phenotype in affected members of families with @entity3007 @entity51627 .

title: Expanded motor and @entity146 phenotype in @entity74 due to XXXX @entity51627 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity51627 :: ('MESH:C562656', 'Disease') :: ['cyclohydrolase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity4129 :: ('MESH:C537537', 'Disease') :: ['Segawa syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'difficulty in sleep onset']

answer: @entity3007 :: (MESH:D006160,Chemical) :: ['GTP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with birch and grass @entity566 often suffer from @entity566 when ingesting cross-reacting fresh fruits and vegetables. However, fruit and vegetable allergen extracts are often readily degradable or contain clinically irrelevant cross-reacting epitopes, resulting in diagnostic discrepancies when fruit and @entity56 are evaluated. The risk of using nonstandardized fresh food extracts for skin testing may also be of concern. The objective was to compare and evaluate the clinical utility of selected recombinant grass and birch cross-reacting food allergens with fresh and commercial @entity2487 , hazelnut, and apple extracts. METHODS: Thirty-six grass- and or birch- @entity56 @entity1 and 17 control subjects consented to participate in the study. All subjects were skin prick tested and had basophil @entity112 -release tests done with fresh fruits and various extracts of hazelnut, apple, and @entity2487 . The diagnosis of @entity566 was confirmed by oral challenges. In addition, @entity112 release to recombinant Bet v 1 and Bet v 2, and recombinant Phl p 1 and Phl p 2, Phl p 5 was performed. RESULTS: The skin prick test with fresh hazelnut, apple, and @entity2487 showed sensitivities of 0.97, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 0.78, 0.72, and 0.82, respectively. In contrast, the @entity112 -release test with hazelnut, apple, and @entity2487 gave sensitivities of 0.87, 0.71, and 1.00, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 0.65, 0.93, and 0.43. The skin prick test showed excellent negative predictive value (> 90%). No added value of recombinant allergen testing was noted. Oral challenge did not result in severe systemic reactions, and no systemic reactions were observed with skin prick tests with fresh fruits. CONCLUSION: The skin prick test showed an almost optimal diagnostic value with a satisfactory sensitivity (> 89%) and excellent negative predictive value with fresh fruits. When the skin prick test with fresh nut and apple cannot be performed, @entity112 release is a diagnostic alternative. @entity112 release with @entity2487 showed lack of specificity. This was probably due to extensive IgE cross-reactivity with pollen, since these @entity1 also responded to recombinant Phl p 1 and Bet v 1. Skin testing and challenges with fresh fruits were safe.

title: Diagnostic evaluation of grass- and birch- @entity56 XXXX with @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'oral allergy symptoms', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['vegetable allergic reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2675 ( @entity2675 ) is a rare disease. To date, therapy is mainly based on studies and clinical experiences with @entity0 in @entity1 . Only little is known about molecular typing of @entity2675 , particularly with regard to potential biological predictors for adjuvant therapy. In @entity0 with chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) duplication, @entity1722 and/or Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II-a) gene alterations have been suggested to be associated with poor prognosis and increased sensitivity to @entity4349 -containing regimens. In a well characterized cohort of 96 primary invasive @entity2675 , we studied CEP17, @entity1722 and Topo II-a alterations by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and expression of hormone receptors (HR), @entity1722 and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry to define molecular subtypes. Tumor characteristics and follow-up data were available and correlated with molecular findings. @entity1722 amplification and Topo II-a amplification/deletion were exceptionally rare in @entity2675 (6.3% and 3.1%, respectively). CEP17 polysomy were found in 9.4% of @entity5 . @entity1722 , Topo II-a and CEP17 gene alterations were not correlated to @entity1 outcome. 96.9% of our cases were HR positive. @entity5 were found in only 3.1% of the cases. In @entity5 luminal A subtypes were significantly associated with better overall survival. Our results provide evidence for a predominant @entity2675 phenotype, characterized by HR expression and a lack of @entity1722 /Topo II-a alterations and CEP17 duplicates. Therefore, the impact of @entity4349 sensitivity linked to @entity1722 /Topo II-a alterations as found in female @entity0 has low clinical significance for this specific @entity2675 phenotype.

title: Therapeutic strategies in XXXX : clinical implications of chromosome 17 gene alterations and molecular subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'female breast cancer tumors']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer', 'MBC', 'male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nodal negative tumors', 'Triple negative tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3585 remains an early and late complication after repair of interrupted aortic arch and @entity1757 . We reviewed our experience with the selective management of the infundibular septum during primary repair to address @entity3585 . METHODS: From 1991 through 2001, all 27 @entity1 presenting with interrupted aortic arch/ @entity1757 and posterior deviation of the infundibular septum were analyzed. Fifteen @entity1 with the smallest subaortic areas underwent myectomy or myotomy of the infundibular septum concomitant with interrupted aortic arch/ @entity1757 repair. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing myectomy-myotomy (Group I) had significantly smaller subaortic diameter indexes (0.83 +/- 0.16 cm/m2) when compared with those who had only interrupted aortic arch/ @entity1757 repair (group 2: 0.99 +/- 0.13 cm/m2, P = .012). Two hospital @entity204 occurred in group 1, and 1 occurred in group 2. No late @entity204 occurred. No @entity1 in group 2 required reoperation. Six group 1 @entity1 required 9 reoperations for @entity3585 . Five @entity1 underwent resection of a new subaortic membrane. Only 1 @entity1 had recurrent muscular @entity3585 . Three @entity1 required a second reoperation, primarily related to @entity472 . CONCLUSIONS: Interrupted aortic arch/ @entity1757 with @entity893 of the infundibular septum can be repaired with low mortality in the neonatal period. Tailored to the degree of subaortic narrowing, resection or incision of the infundibular septum at the time of primary repair was very effective in preventing or prolonging the interval to recurrent @entity3585 compared with the published data. However, reoperation for @entity3585 , often related to the development of a new and discrete subaortic membrane or valvar @entity850 , is still required in a subset of @entity1 .

title: Selective management of the left ventricular outflow tract for repair of interrupted aortic arch with @entity1757 : management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['posterior malalignment']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']