abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between @entity13400 with perceived landing patterns and podiatric variables for injured and uninjured elite netball players. 228 players of a possible 240 @entity1 at the 1988 Australian netball championships completed injury questionnaires and were assessed for injury status. Approximately 92% of those who were part of the injury surveys were also given a podiatric assessment. Pearson chi 2 and unpaired t-tests were used to assess relationships between injury status in 2 groups (history of injury, and @entity130 sustained during the championships) and perceived landing patterns during play and podiatric variables. A significant association was found between history of @entity13400 and level of competition. Open age netballers reported more @entity130 than the younger players. During each championship, a similar number of players (23%) were injured irrespective of playing level. 71% of these players sustained a grade 1 injury, 15.4% a grade 2 injury and 13.5% presented with severe grade 3 @entity130 . 2 players were diagnosed with an @entity130 and a further 3 players sustained a @entity174 during the championships. Most of the @entity130 were ligamentous (40.5%) with some overuse @entity924 (11.5%) problems. The injury history profiles of the elite players surveyed showed that ankle and @entity3331 were the most common lower limb @entity130 with incidences of 58 and 22%, respectively. More than a quarter of the players had @entity7184 (24% @entity158 , 38% shin soreness) and 33% complained of back problems during their careers. 18 significant relationships were found between @entity130 sustained during a player's career and podiatric measures. Only 22.5% of a player's foot types were classified as normal while 42% presented with rearfoot varus and 20% were grouped into pronated foot postures.

title: Lower limb and XXXX patterns of elite netball players.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse type injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retropatellar pain']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb and back injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'anterior cruciate ligament injury']

answer: @entity13400 :: (MESH:D019567,Disease) :: ['back injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed pressure @entity110 / @entity113 can be profoundly disabling with @entity158 and prolonged swelling of feet and hands as well as systemic symptoms of @entity221 . Occupations requiring prolonged standing and forceful use of hands may be seriously compromised by this condition. The severe forms of the disease are usually unresponsive to antihistamines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and @entity1 frequently require corticosteroids for control of symptoms. OBJECTIVE: It was the purpose of this report to evaluate the clinical utility of @entity3378 for two @entity1 with refractory delayed pressure @entity110 . METHODS: @entity3378 , starting at 500 mg/day (with weekly incremental dosing to a total of 4 g), was administered to two @entity1 with disabling pressure @entity110 and @entity113 (symptomatic daily with normal activities) who had failed all other reported therapeutic options except corticosteroids. RESULTS: @entity1 A required daily @entity229 in excess of 30 mg (for more than 6 months) to control his @entity158 @entity113 sufficiently in order to continue working as a colorectal surgeon. @entity1 B also experienced daily symptoms for more than 1 year. Both @entity1 tolerated @entity3378 to a dose of 4 g/day without adverse reactions and achieved complete resolution of symptoms. @entity1 A continued to be well controlled 1 year after starting but must maintain a dose of 2 g or greater per day. @entity1 B reported excellent control 6 months after starting but was subsequently lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity3378 , in doses used for @entity29 , appears to be an effective alternative therapy for delayed pressure @entity110 and @entity113 in @entity1 poorly controlled by traditional treatment and may act as a corticosteroid-sparing agent.

title: Chronic XXXX therapy in the treatment of delayed pressure @entity110 and @entity113 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['malaise and flu-like illness']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine', 'Sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic yield of Holter monitoring in very old adults (>= 80) with @entity1163 . DESIGN: A Holter study was considered diagnostic if the @entity943 explained @entity1163 ( @entity1817 , @entity955 with severe @entity1168 or @entity591 , supraventricular or @entity1165 ). SETTING: A tertiary care center in Switzerland over a period of 10 years. @entity1 : Four hundred seventy-five Holter studies were performed in individuals aged 80 and older (median age 84, 65% female, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 0.56    0.1%). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Fifty-three Holter studies (11%) were diagnostic. The detected @entity943 were @entity713 (n=13), @entity1817 (n=13), @entity66 (n=2), @entity955 with slow or rapid ventricular response (n=21), @entity1165 (n=3) and @entity4710 (n=1). Forty @entity1 (8%) received a pacemaker, and one received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator because of the results of Holter monitoring. The yield of Holter monitoring was significantly greater (all P<.01) in the presence of @entity299 (17%) and low LVEF (22%), in @entity1 (17%) and in @entity1 aged 90 and older (20%). @entity299 (odds ratio (OR)=3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.7-6.1), male sex (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1-3.8), and aged 90 and older (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.2-5.1) remained independent predictors for a high diagnostic yield of Holter monitoring. Furthermore, Holter monitoring was helpful in excluding @entity943 as a cause of @entity1163 in an additional 10% of cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of Holter monitoring in @entity1 aged 80 and older with @entity1163 was 11.2%. Its yield was higher in @entity1 and in the presence of structural @entity299 and was 20% in individuals aged 90 and older.

title: Holter monitoring in XXXX : diagnostic yield in octogenarians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['binodal disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) block, sinus node dysfunction', 'sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: Acute @entity1729 (ARI) and @entity683 (flu) are extremely common illnesses, which make up the main causes of medical consultation and absence from work. OBJECTIVE. To discover the level of mortality because of @entity10916 and flu in the Health Areas within the Community of Valencia; to analyse their possible relationship with socio-economic factors and also to identify higher-risk groups according to age and sex. DESIGN. Retrospective study. @entity9273 . The Community of Valencia. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 . Mortality data across the Community were obtained from the mortality statistics published by the Generalitat (Government) of Valencia during the five-year period of 1976 to 1980. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS. The results establish that Health Areas 4, 6, 7, 9-12 and 18 present less mortality because of ARI and flu. These are the better areas, socio-economically speaking, although the data are without statistical significance. A spectacular increase in mortality in the age-group of those over 70 was observed, with no great differences found between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS. Given that the main interventions to prevent these diseases are based on vaccination, it would be useful to carry out vaccination programmes with greater thoroughness in those areas identified as of high risk.

title: [Mortality from acute @entity1729 and XXXX (1976-1980)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of surgical therapy in @entity356 @entity1 with distant metastases remains controversial. This retrospective analysis was performed to identify whether @entity356 @entity1 with distant metastases might benefit from surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 5185 @entity1 from the SEER database who were initially diagnosed with histologically confirmed @entity356 with distant metastases from 2004 to 2009 were included. @entity1 were divided into the following three groups: @entity1 who underwent resection of both the @entity5 and distant @entity3 ('PMTR' group), @entity1 who only underwent resection of the @entity5 ('PTR' group) and @entity1 who did not undergo any surgery ('No surgery' group). We employed the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the survival time of the different groups. RESULTS: A total of 5185 @entity1 had a @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 9.0 months. The improvement in survival of the 'PMTR' and 'PTR' groups was significantly different compared with that of the 'No surgery' group ( @entity1349 , 12.0 vs 12.0 vs 9.0 months, respectively, P<0.001; 1-year survival rate, 49.6% vs 49.1% vs 30.1%, respectively, P<0.001; 3-year survival rate, 12.5% vs 15.1% vs 5.8%, respectively, P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was found between the 'PMTR' group and 'PTR' group (P=0.642). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis showed that surgery was an independent prognostic factor ('PMTR', hazard ratio (HR) =0.648, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.574-0.733, P<0.001; 'PTR', HR=0.631, 95% CI 0.583-0.684, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis demonstrated that combined PTR and metastasectomy or PTR alone were independent prognostic factors for survival improvement in @entity356 @entity1 with distant metastases. Because no statistically significant difference in survival was observed between the 'PMTR' group and 'PTR' group, PTR, which is a more minor surgery, might be more appropriate than PMTR in clinical practice for @entity356 @entity1 with distant metastases.

title: Outcomes of surgery for XXXX with distant metastases: a retrospective study from the SEER database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between chemotherapy-related @entity137 and prognosis is unclear. Previous studies have examined the association of myelosuppression parameters or @entity16 with survival and reported conflicting results. This study aims to investigate 13 common chemotherapy @entity137 and their association with relapse-free survival and @entity0 -specific survival. METHODS: Chemotherapy-related @entity137 were collected prospectively for 6,248 @entity1 with @entity0 from four randomised controlled trials (NEAT; BR9601; tAnGo; Neo-tAnGo). Cox proportional-hazards modelling was used to analyse the association between chemotherapy-related @entity137 and both @entity0 -specific survival and relapse-free survival. Models included important prognostic factors and stratified by variables violating the proportional hazards assumption. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis identified severe @entity1398 (grades >= 3) as an independent predictor of relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.86; 95  % confidence interval (CI), 0.76-0.97; P   =   0.02). A similar trend was seen for @entity0 -specific survival (HR   =   0.87; 95  % CI, 0.75-1.01; P   =   0.06). Normal/low BMI @entity1 experienced more severe @entity1398 (P   =   0.008) than @entity1 with higher BMI. @entity1 with @entity1295 (grades >= 3) showed a trend towards reduced survival ( @entity0 -specific survival: HR   =   1.17; 95  % CI, 0.99-1.37; P   =   0.06). In the NEAT/BR9601 sub-group analysis by treatment component, this effect was statistically significant (HR   =   1.61; 95  % CI, 1.13-2.30; P   =   0.009). CONCLUSIONS: This large study shows a significant association between chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 and increased survival. It also identifies a strong relationship between low/normal BMI and increased incidence of severe @entity1398 . It provides evidence to support the development of @entity1398 -adapted clinical trials to investigate optimal dose calculation and its impact on clinical outcome. This is important in populations where @entity28 may lead to sub-optimal chemotherapy doses.

title: A nested cohort study of 6,248 early @entity0 XXXX treated in neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy trials investigating the prognostic value of chemotherapy-related @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To report our experience in palliative hepaticojejunostomy for advanced @entity5 by means of robotic approach METHODS: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced @entity5 was performed in nine @entity1 from May 2009 to April 2014. RESULTS: During the study period, robotic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced @entity5 was completed successfully in nine @entity1 . Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and double (hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy) bypass were performed in five and four @entity1 , respectively. The mean operating time was 212.8 minutes. The mean @entity190 was 38.7  mL. The overall complication rate was 22.2%. @entity1157 occurred in one @entity1 only. There was no procedure-related mortality. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13.3 days. Five @entity1 received palliative systemic chemotherapy after bypass surgery. The mean survival time was 11.1 months. During follow up, only three @entity1 with @entity201 had recurrent @entity253 after end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy due to @entity5 progression, and needed percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Among these nine @entity1 , there were a total of eight episodes of readmission in four @entity1 due to @entity5 -related symptoms or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced @entity5 had a low complication rate and was associated with an improved quality of life.

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile leak complication']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy (LMRH) with traditional modified radical hysterectomy (MRH) in @entity1 with early @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: Chi Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 with @entity5 stage Ia2 to @entity3846 (</=2 cm). Intervention. LMRH (class II radical hysterectomy) and pelvic lymphadenectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The pathologist examined all specimens. The width of parametrium (mean +/- SD) was 1.75 +/- 0.68 cm on the right and 1.70 +/- 0.54 cm on the left. The length of the vaginal cuff was 1.37 +/- 0.86 cm. Operating time for LMRH (159 +/- 26.4 min) was similar to that for MRH (165.7 +/- 30.5 min). Postoperative hospitalization for LMRH (4.1 +/- 1.5 days) and estimated @entity190 (250 +/- 147.2 ml) were significantly less than for MRH (8.3 +/- 4.4 days and 611.5 +/- 256.8 ml, respectively). No @entity3816 occurred, and no @entity1 experienced postoperative @entity409 or @entity1142 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on preliminary results, LMRH is feasible for treatment of early @entity3 , and may become preferred for surgical staging of the disease.

title: Preliminary results of laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: AIM: Muscle-type @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase 1 ( @entity4063 ) plays an important role in skeletal muscle mitochondrial @entity844 b-oxidation. A myocyte-specific enhancer factor ( @entity25734 ) site that binds @entity25735 in the promoter of @entity4063 has been identified. The aim of this study is to determine whether @entity4063 expression is regulated by @entity25734 in response to exercise training. METHODS: Twelve male, 14-week-old C57BL/6 @entity19 underwent 6  weeks of treadmill exercise at 12  m  min(-1) , for 60  min  day(-1) , 5  days  week(-1) . Quadriceps muscles were analysed by real-time PCR, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: The binding of @entity25735 to the @entity4063 promoter was elevated in the quadriceps muscle of @entity19 after 6-week aerobic exercise intervention. The repressor partner of @entity25734 , @entity35594 ( @entity35594 ), binding to the @entity4063 promoter was decreased by exercise training. In C2C12 myoblast, @entity25735 overexpression increased the @entity4063 mRNA expression and the @entity4063 promoter transcriptional activity, which were suppressed by @entity35594 . Moreover, exercise training induced @entity25735 hyperacetylation, which is strongly associated with its enhanced DNA-binding ability. The binding of both @entity35594 and @entity31934 ( @entity31934 ) to @entity25735 was decreased by exercise training. Overexpression of @entity35594 decreased exogenous @entity25735 acetylation level with an increased binding of endogenous @entity31934 to @entity25735 . Finally, the phosphorylation levels of @entity35594 Ser259 and Ser498 were increased by exercise training. Exercise training decreased the abundance of @entity35594 in the nucleus while increasing its abundance in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that exercise-induced @entity4063 expression was at least in part mediated by @entity35594 / @entity25735 interaction.

title: Exercise increases the binding of @entity25735 to the @entity4063 promoter in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) offers permanent cure of palmar @entity1119 (PH), @entity1119 ( @entity1119 ) often complicates the procedure. We analyzed the outcomes of a 2-month interval for unilateral sequential ETS (S-ETS) in comparison with simultaneous bilateral ETS (B-ETS), notably regarding @entity1119 and associated plantar @entity1119 , in treating @entity1 with PH. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred seven @entity1 with intractable PH were randomly assigned into two groups: the B-ETS group (204 @entity1 ) and the S-ETS group (203 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-four @entity1 completed the study. Complication rates were comparable for both groups. No @entity1 died perioperatively, and no conversion was necessary. Treatment success on follow-up was 97.2% for S-ETS and 96.7% for B-ETS. The incidence of @entity1119 was decreased substantially from 131 (71.1%) @entity1 in the B-ETS group to 22 (12.2%) @entity1 in the S-ETS group (P<.001), with no @entity1 suffering severe @entity1119 in the S-ETS group compared with 33 (25.5%) @entity1 in the B-ETS group. Eighty-four (58.3%) @entity1 in the S-ETS group had simultaneous disappearance or decreased perspiration on the soles. All @entity1 in the S-ETS group were satisfied, whereas 37.9% of B-ETS @entity1 were unsatisfied with their operation, mostly because of @entity1119 and recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Although both sympathectomies were effective, safe, and minimally invasive methods for treatment of PH, unilateral sequential ETS appeared to be a more optimal technique in terms of reduction of @entity1119 to a minimum and improvement of associated plantar @entity1119 .

title: Unilateral Sequential Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy for Palmar @entity1119 : A Proposed Technique to Overcome @entity1119 and Improve Plantar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'hyperhidrosis', 'compensatory hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Hyperhidrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity603 with positron emission tomography (PET) and @entity419 ( @entity419 ) in comparison with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US). METHODS: Sixteen knees in 16 @entity1 with active @entity309 were assessed with PET, MRI and US at baseline and 4 weeks after initiation of anti- @entity310 treatment. All studies were performed within 4 days. Visual and semi-quantitative (standardised uptake value, SUV) analyses of the synovial uptake of FDG were performed. The dynamic enhancement rate and the static enhancement were measured after i.v. @entity2287 injection and the synovial thickness was measured in the medial, lateral patellar and suprapatellar recesses by US. Serum levels of @entity1549 ) were also measured. RESULTS: PET was positive in 69% of knees while MRI and US were positive in 69% and 75%. Positivity on one imaging technique was strongly associated with positivity on the other two. PET-positive knees exhibited significantly higher SUVs, higher MRI parameters and greater synovial thickness compared with PET-negative knees, whereas serum @entity1851 and @entity1549 levels were not significantly different. SUVs were significantly correlated with all MRI parameters, with synovial thickness and with serum @entity1851 and @entity1549 levels at baseline. Changes in SUVs after 4 weeks were also correlated with changes in MRI parameters and in serum @entity1851 and @entity1549 levels, but not with changes in synovial thickness. CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET is a unique imaging technique for assessing the metabolic activity of @entity603 . The PET findings are correlated with MRI and US assessments of the @entity2070 in @entity309 , as well as with the classical serum parameter of @entity32 , @entity1851 , and the synovium-derived parameter, serum @entity1549 . Further studies are warranted to establish the place of metabolic imaging of @entity603 in @entity309 .

title: XXXX PET imaging of @entity309 correlates with dynamic magnetic resonance and sonographic assessments as well as with the serum level of metalloproteinase-3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP) and metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3', 'MMP-3']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An immature coagulation system coupled with the @entity2332 and hemodilution associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in @entity1 makes the activated clotting time (ACT) an ineffective monitor for anticoagulation in this population. The @entity262 Plus @entity262 ( @entity262 ; Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) is shown to decrease thrombin generation and blood product requirements. AIM: We conducted a quality improvement initiative to test our hypothesis that the use of @entity262 results in reduced incidence of subtherapeutic ACT values, blood product usage, and operating room time for @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 weighing <10  kg having cardiac surgery requiring CPB had anticoagulation managed by the @entity262 . Data were compared to that of 50 consecutive @entity1 weighing <10  kg having cardiac surgery who had their anticoagulation monitored by the ACT alone. Comparisons between categorical variables were performed with chi-square tests. Comparisons between continuous variables were performed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed P value  <  0.05. RESULTS: The @entity262 group had a 61% decrease in incidence of ACT values <480  s and elimination of ACT values  <  400  s at any time on bypass. The @entity262 group received fewer blood products and spent fewer minutes in the operating room after protamine administration, translating to fewer donor exposures and a savings of  403 in transfusion costs and  440 in operating room time costs. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the benefits of individualized heparinization for pediatric @entity1 undergoing CPB with a monitored heparinization system.

title: A change in anticoagulation monitoring improves safety, reduces transfusion, and reduces costs in XXXX on cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['HMS', 'Medtronic HMS', 'Hemostasis Management System']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The prognosis of prolonged @entity1167 is generally related to @entity75 due to the @entity12807 . A neurological worsening leading to irreversibility is sometimes associated with an increase in intracranial pressure. We studied for 5 years the early intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in 84 @entity1 with deep anoxic @entity772 after @entity1167 . Intracranial pressure monitoring was set up as soon as possible with an extradural screw over a period of 6 days. No complications occurred using this technique. We recorded the percentage of @entity1 suffering from intracranial pressure peaks over 15 mmHg (a), over 25 mmHg (b) or cerebral perfusion pressures drops under 50 mmHg (c). We obtained during the 1st day of monitoring: (a) 46.4%, (b) 21.4%, (c) 39%; during the 2nd day: (a) 73.6%, (b) 26.3%, (c) 55.9%. Eight @entity1 (9.5%) were still alive after a couple of months, 4 of whom had no neurological sequelae; among the 76 non-survivors 63 (82.9%) had died because of @entity75 . A daily comparison between survivors and non-survivors points out that the survivors' intracranial pressures were always lower than in the non-survivors and the survivors' cerebral perfusion pressures higher than in the non-survivors. Moreover, none of the @entity1 showing intracranial peak pressures over 25 mmHg survived without after-effects. It is clear that many @entity1 suffer early periods of high intracranial pressures and low cerebral perfusion pressures leading to a bad neurological prognosis. Intracranial pressure monitoring may allow assessment of @entity1 ' neurological status and prognosis after cardiac resuscitation.

title: Prognostic significance of early intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in post- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral anoxia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral anoxic damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest anoxic coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic @entity1085 drainage for symptomatic @entity1085 is a safe and effective bridge therapy in @entity1 at high risk for surgery or who have terminal @entity409 and are awaiting transplantation. However, there are few reports on long-term results in terms of stent patency and clinical course. Our study was designed to investigate the long-term patency and clinical course after endoscopic @entity1085 stenting (ETGS) in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1085 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1 who were unsuitable for cholecystectomy underwent ETGS from June 2006 to March 2010 using a 7-Fr double-pigtail stent between the gallbladder and the duodenum. Their clinical progress, adverse events, and stent patency after ETGS were recorded prospectively in two tertiary referral centers. RESULTS: Technically, ETGS was successful in 23 (79.3%) of the 29 @entity1 . The mean procedure time was 22.4    11.5 min. Postprocedure adverse events were mild @entity788 (8.7%) and @entity1448 (8.7%), all of which resolved with conservative management. During the follow-up period (median 586 days, range 11-1403 days), 20 @entity1 were analyzed as per protocol, and scheduled follow-up was performed. Late adverse events developed in four @entity1 (20%), including distal migration (n = 2), @entity255 (n = 1), and recurrent @entity158 (n = 1). The remaining 16 @entity1 were followed for more than 12 months (nine @entity1 were followed for more than 24 months). Median stent patency was 760 days, as determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. CONCLUSIONS: As a primary therapy, ETGS is technically feasible and effective in @entity1 who are unsuitable for cholecystectomy. ETGS may also provide long-term stent patency without the need for scheduled stent exchanges.

title: Outcomes of endoscopic @entity1085 stenting for symptomatic XXXX : a multicenter prospective follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['transpapillary gallbladder', 'gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gallbladder diseases']


abstract: 1. The atypical antipsychotic drug @entity1088 , used in the treatment of resistant @entity161 , is metabolized partly by the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme @entity5320 . Two phenotypes with respect to the activity of the enzyme are recognized (extensive metabolisers (EM) and poor metabolisers (PM)), resulting from allelic variation in the gene, @entity5320 . 2. Genotype was determined in 123 @entity161 @entity1 currently being treated with @entity1088 , in order to determine if EM or PM status influences response to this drug. @entity1 were divided into responders and non-responders using the Global Assessment Scale, and genotyped for the A and B poor metaboliser mutations by digesting PCR products with HpaII or BstNI. 3. Fifty-nine @entity1 were heterozygous for allele B and for allele A. Eight @entity1 were determined as poor metabolisers since they were homozygous either for A and B. Poor metabolisers were equally distributed between responders and nonresponders and no correlation between @entity5320 alleles and response to @entity1088 was found. 4. The results are consistent with recent findings showing that @entity4914 , rather than @entity5320 , is the major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of @entity1088 .

title: Cytochrome P4502D6 genotype does not determine response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is the main predictor of mortality in @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ). AIMS: To compare the diagnostic performance of the conventional approach (ECG and chest X-ray) in the recognition of @entity1002 in @entity1526 , with a new strategy, in which @entity3876 is measured in @entity1 with an abnormal ECG. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1526 @entity1 recruited at an Outpatient Reference Center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, without other @entity262 , in 1998-99 (sample 1, n = 165) and in 2001-02 (sample 2, n = 62) underwent ECG, chest X-ray, @entity3876 measurement and echocardiography. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1002 (ejection fraction <or=0.40) was 9.1% in the sample 1. The conventional strategy recognized all @entity1 with @entity1002 (sensitivity: 100%, 95% CI: 79.6-100% and negative predictive value -PV 100%, 92.1-100%), but with low specificity (30%, 95% CI: 23.2-37.8) and +PV (12.5%, 95% IC: I7.7-19.6). The @entity3876 /ECG strategy showed significantly better specificity (96.0%, 95% CI: 91.5-98.2, p < 0.001) and +PV (66.7%, 95% CI: 43.7-83.7, p < 0.001), and non-significantly lower sensitivity (80.0%, 95% CI: 54.8-93.0, p = 0.25) and -PV (98.0%,95% CI: 94.2-99.3, p = 0.08). Overall accuracy was improved with the new strategy. (94.5%,95% CI: 90.0-97.1 x 36.4%, 95% CI: 29.4-43.9, p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the sample 2. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3876 -based strategy was more accurate than the conventional approach in the detection of @entity1002 in @entity1526 @entity1 and should be considered as a valid option.

title: Brain natriuretic peptide based strategy to detect left ventricular dysfunction in XXXX : a comparison with the conventional approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['ChD', 'Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVd', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: The metal-binding property of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) in @entity1 milk was studied and compared to that of @entity291 milk alpha-LA. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 at physiological pH and ionic strength separated alpha-LA in @entity1 and @entity291 milk from most other proteins. The only metal ion associated with alpha-LA under these conditions was @entity141 . Minor protein contaminants were removed by ion-exchange chromatography, and the ratio of @entity141 :alpha-LA was determined in the isolated protein preparations. Concentrations of alpha-LA in mature @entity1 milk were between 1.03 and 1.57 mg/ml; the @entity141 concentration bound to alpha-LA varied, yielding a molar ratio of @entity141 :alpha-LA of approximately 1:1 (0.82-1.41 mol @entity141 /mol alpha-LA) in mature milk. Gel filtration with excess @entity141 in the running buffer showed that there is another weaker binding site for @entity141 , but this binding does not occur under physiological conditions. Less @entity141 was bound to @entity291 alpha-LA (0.6-0.9 mol @entity141 /mol alpha-LA) than to @entity1 alpha-LA. @entity460 binding was abolished at pH 3.0 and resulted in a substantial increase in the hydrodynamic radius of alpha-LA. Reconstitution of @entity1 alpha-LA with @entity141 and other divalent cations at native pH (6.8) and ionic strength showed a binding specific for @entity141 . Since only 1% of @entity460 from @entity1 milk and 0.15% from @entity291 milk is alpha-LA bound, alpha-LA is probably unimportant with respect to @entity460 nutrition of the @entity1 . However, the metal binding of alpha-LA may have a biological significance through its role in the @entity1132 synthase complex.

title: XXXX binding by alpha-lactalbumin in @entity1 milk and @entity291 milk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Caloric restriction (CR) is known to retard the aging process, and a marker of aging is decreased energy expenditure (EE). To assess longitudinal effects of CR on EE in @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ), data from 41 males (M) and 26 females (F) subjected to 9 or 15 yr of CR were studied. EE and body composition of monkeys 11-28 yr of age were measured using indirect calorimetry and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Total EE (24-h EE) was divided into daytime (day EE), nighttime (night EE), and daytime minus nighttime (D - N EE). M calorie-restricted monkeys showed a lower 24-h EE (means +/- SD = 568 +/- 96 kcal/day, P < 0.0001) than controls (C; 630 +/- 129 kcal/day). Calorie-restricted M had a lower night EE (difference = 36 kcal P < 0.0001) compared with C M, but after adjusting for @entity6120 and FM, night EE was not different between calorie-restricted and C males (P = 0.72). The 24-h EE decreased with age (13 kcal decrease/yr, P < 0.0001), but there was no difference between CR and C. Adjusted for @entity6120 and FM, D - N EE decreased with age (9 kcal/yr, P < 0.0001), with no interaction with age (P = 0.72). The F were compared with age-matched M selected from the male cohort. F had a lower 24-h EE (496 +/- 84 kcal/day) than M (636 +/- 139 kcal/day) (P < 0.0001). Adjusting for @entity6120 and FM, night EE was lower in F compared with M (difference = 18 kcal, P = 0.077). Night EE did not differ between calorie-restricted and C younger monkeys after adjusting for @entity6120 and FM. In conclusion, CR did not alter the age-related decrease in EE with CR.

title: Influences of calorie restriction and age on energy expenditure in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: It is important to find interventions that will reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations of @entity1030 , because of their effect on morbidity and healthcare expenditure. A Cochrane systematic review included 23 studies that had evaluated the effects of treatment with mucolytic agents in @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 or @entity1030 . Mucolytic treatment was associated with a significant reduction of 0.79 exacerbations per @entity1 per year compared with placebo, a 29% decrease. @entity1 who received treatment with mucolytic agents were twice as likely to remain exacerbation-free in the study period than if they had received placebo, with six @entity1 needing regular treatment with mucolytic agents for 3-6 months to achieve one less exacerbation over that time. Treatment with mucolytic agents resulted in nearly 7 days less illness per @entity1 per year. How mucolytic agents work is unknown, although they may reduce exacerbations by altering mucus production, antioxidation, or antibacterial or immunostimulatory effects. They do not appear to affect the decline in lung function that occurs in @entity1030 . The treatment appears to be without any adverse effects, apart from the need to take oral medication daily. Cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that the point at which the costs of treatment and non-treatment were equal was 1.2 less exacerbations per year. This is higher than the effect observed in the Cochrane review, suggesting that treating everyone with @entity1030 with mucolytic agents would not be cost effective. Those with more frequent and severe exacerbations appear to have the most to gain.

title: Preventing exacerbations of chronic XXXX and @entity1030 : therapeutic potential of mucolytic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The endothelin axis consists of @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and its two receptors, @entity2231 ( @entity2231 and @entity1627 ). In several @entity5 entities, the @entity2231 plays a significant role as a drug target. In our study, we investigated whether inhibition of @entity2231 with @entity9469 leads to an antitumor effect in @entity150 as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity19 with thymic aplasia were subcutaneously administered 2 x 10(6) @entity1 @entity150 cells in the right flank. Starting on the 22nd day after the injection, ten animals were treated with @entity9469 (2.5 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally), and another ten animals were treated with placebo. During treatment, @entity5 growth and relative growth rate over time were determined. After the end of treatment, the mitosis and @entity39 rates, microvessel density, and receptor density in the @entity5 tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression intensities of @entity2232 , @entity2231 , and @entity1627 were evaluated semiquantitatively and compared between the groups. RESULTS: No significant differences between the active-treatment and placebo groups were detected, either with respect to @entity5 growth (P = 0.333) or mitosis rate (P = 0.217). In the analysis of the @entity39 rate and receptor density for @entity2231 , a trend toward higher values in the active-treatment group (mean @entity39 rate = 63.67%, receptor density: 1.417) than in the placebo group (mean @entity39 rate = 46.25%, receptor density: 1.270) was found; however, neither difference was statistically significant (P = 0.08 and 0.219, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2231 blockade with @entity9469 in a @entity150 xenograft model shows no significant antitumor effect.

title: Endothelin-A-receptor antagonism with XXXX exhibits limited activity on the @entity1 @entity150 cell line in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'absolute tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity9469 :: ('MESH:C430623', 'Chemical') :: ['atrasentan']

answer: @entity9469 :: (MESH:C430623,Chemical) :: ['atrasentan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the short- and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with advanced @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, the relation between BMI and outcome after PCI remains controversial. METHODS: We studied 9,633 consecutive @entity1 who underwent PCI between January 1994 and December 1999. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal, BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 (n = 1,923); overweight, BMI between 25 and 30 (n = 4,813); and @entity28 , BMI >30 (n = 2,897). RESULTS: Obese @entity1 were significantly younger and had consistently worse baseline clinical characteristics than normal or overweight @entity1 , with a higher incidence of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1007 and smoking history (p < 0.0001). Despite similar angiographic success rates among the three groups, normal BMI @entity1 had a higher incidence of major in-hospital complications, including @entity204 (p = 0.001). At one-year follow-up, overall mortality rates were significantly higher for normal BMI @entity1 compared with overweight or @entity28 @entity1 (p < 0.0001). @entity583 and revascularization rates did not differ among the three groups. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, @entity6 , @entity101 , age, BMI and left ventricular function were independent predictors of long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with known @entity453 who undergo PCI, very lean @entity1 (BMI <18.5) and those with BMI within the normal range are at the highest risk for in-hospital complications and @entity204 and for increased one-year mortality.

title: The impact of @entity28 on the short-term and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: the XXXX paradox?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extraperitoneal surgical approaches for the removal of residual masses of metastatic germ cell @entity5 in @entity1 after chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 75 @entity1 (median age 32 years) with metastatic germ cell @entity5 of testicular (n = 63) or extragonadal (n = 12) origin, who had been treated with an intensive course of @entity902 -based chemotherapy, were found to have @entity5 masses. Extraperitoneal surgical approaches were used on 80 occasions to excise these masses. A thoraco-abdominal extraperitoneal approach (n = 71) was used for large masses and those with intrathoracic @entity3 while smaller retroperitoneal masses were removed through 12th rib (n = 5) or Rutherford-Morrison (n = 4) extraperitoneal approaches. RESULTS: Complete macroscopic clearance of residual masses within the thorax and retroperitoneum was achieved in all cases. The median @entity190 was 0.8 L and the median in- @entity1 stay was 7 days. Complications included @entity5837 in four cases. Two @entity1 died about 4 weeks after surgery, one from septic @entity2396 and another after an @entity302 fit secondary to brain @entity3 . Eleven @entity1 have developed @entity5 recurrence, five of whom have died from disseminated disease. Hence the survival rate and disease-free survival rate are 91% and 83%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS: The thoraco-abdominal extraperitoneal surgical approach for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy for @entity5 is safe and has some advantages over anterior approaches, allowing synchronous removal of intrathoracic disease, improved access to nodes above and behind the renal vessels and more rapid post-operative recovery.

title: Excision of residual masses of metastatic germ cell XXXX after chemotherapy: the role of extraperitoneal surgical approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'residual tumour', 'testicular cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: V-type proton-translocating ATPases (V-ATPases) (EC 3.6.1.3) are electrogenic proton pumps involved in acidification of endomembrane compartments in all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPases from various species consist of 8 to 12 polypeptide subunits arranged into an integral membrane proton pore sector (Vo) and a peripherally associated catalytic sector (V1). Several V-ATPase subunits are functionally and structurally conserved among all species examined. In @entity375 , a 36-kD peripheral subunit encoded by the @entity375 ( @entity375 ) @entity58890 gene ( @entity58890 ) is required for stable assembly of the Vo sector as well as for V1 attachment. @entity58890 has been characterized as a nonintegrally associated Vo subunit. A high degree of sequence similarity among @entity58890 homologs from animal and fungal species suggest that this subunit has a conserved role in V-ATPase function. We have characterized a novel @entity58890 homolog from red beet (Beta vulgaris) tonoplast membranes. A 44-kD polypeptide cofractionated with V-ATPases upon gel-filtration chromatography of detergent-solubilized tonoplast membranes and was specifically cross-reactive with anti- @entity58890 polyclonal antibodies. The 44-kD polypeptide was dissociated from isolated tonoplast preparations by mild chaotropic agents and thus appeared to be nonintegrally associated with the membrane. The putative 44-kD homolog appears to be structurally similar to @entity375 @entity58890 and occupies a similar position within the holoenzyme complex.

title: Characterization of a red beet protein homologous to the essential 36-kilodalton subunit of the XXXX V-type ATPase.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: @entity5 growth and @entity3 of lacZ-transduced @entity19 @entity706 ESbL cells inoculated into syngeneic DBA/2 @entity19 are characterized by a transient plateau phase with a constant @entity5 diameter and low metastatic load, indicating a host response against the @entity5 . Here we show that endothelial cells participate in a T-cell-dependent, anti-metastatic response by producing NO in situ. Liver endothelial cells were isolated and examined directly ex vivo without further manipulation. NO production in liver endothelial cells reached the highest level during the plateau phase but declined toward the end of it, followed by an overall breakdown of host response, leading to progressive @entity5 growth and high load of liver @entity3 . @entity19 subjected to anti- @entity5 immunization and subsequent challenge with a tumorigenic dose of ESbL-lacZ cells showed, in comparison to non-immunized challenged controls, reduced liver @entity3 and increased endothelial NO production. Adoptive transfer of anti- @entity5 immune spleen cells from semi-allogeneic B10.D2 @entity19 into @entity5 -bearing animals during the plateau phase caused a regression of @entity5 and @entity3 , together with a preservation of the high level of NO synthesis in endothelial cells. In immuno-incompetent ( @entity915 ) @entity19 , @entity5 growth and @entity3 were progressive and there was no endothelial NO response. Pre-immunization of immuno-competent @entity19 with both live and irradiated @entity5 cells at different sites of the body led to an induction of NO production by liver endothelial cells. These results reveal a novel role of endothelial cells in the suppression of @entity706 @entity3 in the liver. The inducible endothelial cell NO response is apparently dependent and induced by mature T lymphocytes.

title: Liver endothelial cells participate in T-cell-dependent host resistance to XXXX @entity3 by production of nitric oxide in vivo.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Cytokines are secreted proteins that act as local immunological mediators. Increased seminal cytokine concentrations are associated with fertility problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of IL-2alpha, and IL-2beta receptors on fresh and isolated sperm by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Twenty sperm samples from oligospermic @entity1 were incubated with @entity2902 , a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for @entity3647 , a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for IL-2beta-chain receptor. The strong initial fluorescence intensity and, subsequently, a labeling index yielded by @entity2902 and @entity3647 decreased in sperm centrifuged on a Percoll gradient (p < .05). The expression of @entity2902 and @entity3647 correlated negatively with fresh sperm concentration, but in sperm centrifuged on a Percoll gradient there was no correlation. Labeling with @entity2902 and @entity3647 antibody was evident on the head and the middle piece in fresh sperm, while in sperm centrifuged on a Percoll gradient a weak labeling was observed only on the principal piece. The authors have identified and localized cytokine receptors on @entity1 sperm for the first time. Cytokine receptors may be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological events in sperm cell functions and @entity4810 . The exact pathway involved in modulation of these receptors requires further investigation. These results contribute to the understanding of cytokine-sperm relationships.

title: Expression of IL-2alpha and IL-2beta receptors on the membrane surface of XXXX sperm.

entities_list: @entity3647 :: ('3560', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2alpha-chain receptor, and CD122', 'CD122']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the @entity1 who developed @entity5 after prior hysterectomy and to determine whether any of these @entity5 could have been prevented. METHODS: The records of @entity1 treated with @entity5 over a 15-year period in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the Mercy Hospital for @entity1 were reviewed. Those @entity1 who had developed a @entity5 after hysterectomy between 1980 and 1994 were identified. RESULTS: A total of 1,511 primary gynecological @entity5 were treated between 1980 and 1994, and 23 (1.5%) were primary @entity5 . Of these 23 @entity1 , 13 had had a prior hysterectomy (57%). Four of the 13 @entity1 (31%) were asymptomatic and presented after routine vault smears, and 9 were symptomatic and were diagnosed after further investigation. All 13 @entity1 had @entity1544 . Two @entity1 had had a history of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade 3 reported on cervical smear but not been accounted for, both cone biopsy and hysterectomy having found no histological abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity5 is uncommon. After hysterectomy, vaginal vault cytology should continue to be performed if high-risk factors, such as history of lower genital tract @entity5 , are present. The two @entity1 with unaccounted-for CIN3 reported on Papanicolaou smear may have had undiagnosed @entity5436 grade 3 (not CIN3) resulting in @entity5 10 and 15 years later. Therefore, when colposcopy is being performed to investigate an abnormal Pap smear, the entire lower genital tract always should be examined.

title: Primary XXXX after hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'vaginal cancers', 'cancers', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vaginal cancer']


abstract: @entity2820 , a facultative intracellular pathogen of mammals, readily enters (i.e., invades) cultured eukaryotic cells, a process that can be conferred by the cloned @entity30946 locus of the species. We have studied the mechanism by which the product of @entity30946 , a microbial outer membrane protein termed "invasin," mediates the internalization of bacteria by HEp-2 cells and @entity1573 embryo fibroblasts. Invasin-bearing bacteria initially bound the filopodia and the leading edges of cultured cells. Multiple points of contact between the bacterial surface and the surface of the cell ensued and led to the internalization of the bacterium within an endocytic vacuole; the same multi-step process could be induced by an inert particle coated with invasin-containing membranes. Both adherence and internalization were blocked by an antisera directed against the beta 1 integrin cell-adherence molecule. Ultrastructural studies of detergent-insoluble cytoskeletons from infected cells and immunofluorescence microscopy of @entity6286 -labeled cells showed alterations in the structure of the cytoskeleton during the internalization process including the accumulation of polymerized actin around entering bacteria. Bacterial entry was prevented by cytochalasin D indicating that the internalization process requires actin microfilament function. Possible linkages between beta 1 containing integrins and the cytoskeleton were examined during the internalization process through the use of protein-specific antibodies and immunofluorescence microscopy. Like actin, the actin-associated proteins filamin, talin and the beta 1 integrin subunit were also found to accumulate around entering bacteria. These findings suggest that the invasin-mediated internalization process is associated with cytoskeletal reorganization.

title: The invasin protein of XXXX : internalization of invasin-bearing bacteria by eukaryotic cells is associated with reorganization of the cytoskeleton.

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: Six point mutations in non-muscle gamma-actin at the @entity10282 /26 locus cause @entity3491 . The molecular basis for the @entity393 is unknown. We have engineered each gamma-actin mutation into @entity375 actin to investigate the effects of these mutations on actin function in vivo and in vitro. Cells expressing each of the mutant actins as the sole actin in the cell were viable. Four of the six mutant strains exhibited @entity851 in complete medium and an inability to grow on @entity653 as the sole @entity505 source, implying a mitochondrial defect(s). These four strains exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology, although the mtDNA was retained. All of the mutant cells exhibited an abnormally high percentage of fragmented/non-polarized actin cables or randomly distributed actin patches. Five of the six mutants displayed strain-specific @entity154 . Two of the purified mutant actins exhibited decreased thermal stability and increased rates of @entity377 exchange, indicative of increased protein flexibility. @entity49157 actin alone polymerized abnormally. It aggregated in low ionic strength buffer and polymerized faster than wild-type actin, probably in part because of enhanced nucleation. Mixtures of wild-type and @entity49157 actins displayed kinetic properties in proportion to the mole fraction of each actin in the mixture. No dominant effect of the mutant actin was observed. Our results suggest that a major factor in the @entity2319 caused by these mutations is an altered ability of the actin filaments to be properly regulated by actin-binding proteins rather than an inability to polymerize.

title: Effects of human XXXX gamma-actin mutations ( @entity10282 /26) on actin function.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vacuole morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['significant growth deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the longitudinal changes of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in Asian @entity1 with primary @entity2747 (PACG) occurring with and without an acute attack. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 87 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with bilateral PACG during the period from 2000 to 2010 were included. The eyes of the enrolled @entity1 were categorized into 2 groups: PACG with 1 documented episode of an acute episode in the affected eye (APACG); PACG without a previous documented acute episode in the fellow eye (CPACG). The historical change in the @entity227 in both groups was assessed every 3 months for >2 years. RESULTS: Of the 174 eyes included in the study, 87 eyes belonged to the APACG group, and 87 eyes belonged to the CPACG group. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) in the APACG group decreased significantly from -6.22 to -6.73 dB between the 6- and 9-month follow-up periods (P=0.03). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in the @entity5494 index from the 9- to 24-month follow-up. The corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) in the APACG group increased significantly from 3.61 to 3.71 dB between the 6- and 9-month follow-up periods (P=0.04). The CPSD index was higher in the APACG group than in the CPACG group from the 9- to 24-month follow-up, which was a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: @entity227 in Asian @entity1 with APACG was detected after a 6-month follow-up period, despite the presence of laser peripheral iridotomy in this population. In the @entity1 with CPACG, there was no significant difference in the @entity5494 and CPSD during the follow-up period. @entity1 with APACG would benefit from regular monitoring of the decline in the @entity227 .

title: The longitudinal changes of the XXXX in an Asian population with primary @entity2747 with and without an acute attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucomatous VF damage', 'visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Lymphedema is a well-known sequela of breast but no consensus has been reached about the ideal treatment. Surgical approaches, however, are receiving increased attention. Various microsurgical reconstructive techniques aim to restore anatomy and function of the lymphatic system in upper limb @entity0 ( @entity0 ). We combined two techniques, @entity254 ( @entity254 ) and autologous @entity1600 transplantation (ALNT) after carefully selecting those who may benefit from the surgery. We called this the "combined surgical treatment (CST)" approach. Methods   From June 2007 to December 2011, we performed CST in 106 @entity1 with upper limb @entity0 . Clinical evaluation and diagnostic imaging studies were performed preoperatively in all the @entity1 . CST was offered to @entity1 with stage I/II @entity4269 , according to the criteria of the International Society of Lymphology (ISL). Results   Overall 59 of the 106 @entity1 underwent @entity254 , 7 underwent ALNT, and 40 underwent both the techniques. All 47 @entity1600 ( @entity1600 )-flaps survived but 11 (22%) required surgical revision within 3 days. A total of 21 @entity1600 (45%) showed no radiotracer uptake at 1 year. Around 1 to 7 LVAs for each @entity1 (average 3.4) were performed. Preoperative versus postoperative excess circumference decreased between 12 and 86.7% (average 39.72%). Arm circumference decreased between 0.9 and 6.1 cm (average 2.75 cm). The number of episodes of @entity7749 per year decreased from 1.8 to 0.2. Conclusion   Preoperative assessment is essential to select @entity1 who can benefit from surgery for @entity4269 and to choose the best surgical approach in each case. Our satisfactory results in well-selected cases encourage further research into surgical treatment for @entity0 .

title: Combined Surgical Treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer-related lymphedema', 'BCRL']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['lymphaticovenous anastomosis', 'LVA']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph node', 'LN-flaps']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for severe @entity3792 is frequently unsatisfying because of loss of correction, high rate of @entity1516 and @entity16 . Several authors reported that the anterior fusion with strut grafts might improve the surgical outcome. This article describes and assesses the surgical strategies and the application of autogenous tibial strut in the treatment of severe @entity3792 . METHODS: Severe @entity3792 @entity1 (n = 39) admitted from April 1998 to September 2003 formed the study group. Different surgical strategies had been used according to the flexibility, neurological function and curve level. All @entity1 received staged anterior and posterior surgery with a tibial strut used in the anterior fusion. The @entity1 were followed up for 9 months to 6 years (mean 37 months). RESULTS: The mean preoperative and postoperative @entity1513 was 82 degrees and 52 degrees respectively, and the mean scoliosis was 84 degrees and 44 degrees respectively. Complications included @entity1516 (2 cases, one with graft @entity174 and the other with hook displacement), @entity174 (4), pleura penetrations (3, in the plastic surgery of the thoracic cage), dura tear (2), exudative @entity5641 (2, in the anterior surgery), and @entity2091 @entity174 of the harvesting site (1). The mean loss of correction in coronal and sagittal plane was 6 degrees and 7 degrees respectively. Except for 1 case, the @entity1 with incomplete @entity451 showed improvements to varying extents. CONCLUSION: Autogenous tibial strut can provide excellent support to the kyphoscoliotic spine: it reduces pseudarthrodic rate, loss of correction and complications of graft harvest, it also prevents the occurrence of @entity16 .

title: Autogenous tibial strut grafts used in severe XXXX : surgical policies and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['posterior elements fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity3792 :: (MESH:C565711,Disease) :: ['kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the selection of operative methods,timing of operation and the effect of hige-energy distal tibia @entity174 . METHODS: From July 2006 to December 2009, 29 @entity1 with hige-energy distal tibia Pilon @entity174 were treated, including 23 males and 6 females with an average age of 36.8 years old ranging from 21 to 54 years. According to Ruedi-Allgower classification on Pilon @entity174 , there were 3 cases of type I, 16 of type II and 10 of type III. The type I @entity1 were fixed by screws and Kirschner wires and the cases of type II and III were fixed by filmy clover steel plates closed up tibia medial border or tibia lateral anatomical steel plates. All @entity1 were evaluated by the tumid algesic level of ankle joint, gait,the activity of ankle joint according to Mazur score. RESULTS: None of @entity1 occurred complications such as @entity281 , fractured internal fixation and prolapsed internal fixation. All @entity1 were followed up from 6 to 42 months (averaged 28 months). The time of @entity174 healing was from 10 to 32 weeks (means 15 weeks). According to the ankle score of Mazur, the results were excellent in 15 cases,good in 10 cases,fair in 3 cases, poor in 1 case. CONCLUSION: The step-by-step delayed open reduction and internal fixation for hige-energy distal tibia @entity174 is an effective method with fewer complications and good function after the recovery of soft tissue injury. The method can not only mitigate the level of soft tissue injury, but also is beneficial to the early joint motion with rigid fixation.

title: [Delayed operation on treatment of high-energy distal tibia XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Pilon fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pilon fracture']


abstract: @entity370 is a chronic @entity262 characterized by noncaseating @entity738 . Thyroid involvement is rare, with a prevalence of 1-4% in large series of autopsied @entity1 with systemic sarcoid. We report a case of a 65-year-old @entity1 with a nontoxic @entity1376 , @entity1353 in the supine position, and @entity8276 as the initial presentation of systemic @entity370 . Fine-needle biopsy of the thyroid mass was consistent with benign @entity5651 . A total thyroidectomy was performed because of compression symptoms. Histopathology revealed numerous diffuse noncaseating granulomata typical of @entity1374 . Subsequent chest computed tomography showed extensive bulky mediastinal and @entity3018 and multiple small pulmonary nodules consistent with @entity370 . Transbronchial fine-needle biopsy also revealed noncaseating @entity738 . The @entity1 's supine @entity1353 resolved quickly after total thyroidectomy. This case report illustrates that in @entity1 with known @entity370 , careful thyroid examination is essential and supine @entity1353 may be directly related to tracheal compression by a @entity1376 rather than @entity10070 .

title: XXXX as the initial presentation of systemic @entity370 : limitation of fine-needle biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatoid goiter']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['rightward tracheal deviation']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1376 :: (MESH:C564546,Disease) :: ['Multinodular goiter']


abstract: Persistent trigeminal artery ( @entity865 ) is the most frequent embryonic communication between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems. However, hormonal changes or the association of @entity865 with other @entity75 , such as @entity977 , are extremely rare. The aim of the present study was to report two @entity1 with intrasellar @entity865 and simultaneous @entity977 in order to emphasize the importance of differential diagnoses for @entity75 . Case 1. A female @entity1 , 41 years old, was admitted with a history of @entity2794 (> 20 years). Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a rounded lesion in the left portion of the pituitary gland suggestive of @entity652 (most likely clinically non-functioning @entity652 ). In addition to this lesion, the MRI demonstrated ecstasy of the right internal carotid artery and imaging suggestive of an intrasellar artery that was subsequently confirmed by an angio-MRI of the cerebral vessels as @entity865 . Case 2. A female @entity1 , 42 years old, was admitted with a history of @entity2588 and @entity6726 in 1994. Laboratorial investigation revealed @entity4089 . Pituitary MRI showed a small hyposignal area in the anterior portion of pituitary gland suggestive of a microadenoma initiated by a dopaminergic agonist. Upon follow-up, aside from the first lesion, the MRI showed a well delineated rounded lesion inside the pituitary gland, similar to a vessel. Angio-MRI confirmed a left primitive @entity865 . Failure to recognize these anomalous vessels within the sella might lead to serious complications during transsphenoidal surgery. Therefore, although their occurrence is uncommon, a working knowledge of @entity455 in the sella turcica or pituitary gland is important for the differential diagnosis of @entity4611 , especially @entity977 .

title: Persistence of intrasellar trigeminal artery and simultaneous XXXX : description of two cases and their importance for the differential diagnosis of @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is a treatment that can cure various @entity943 . Fluoroscopy is used to locate and direct catheters to areas that cause @entity943 . However, fluoroscopy has several risks. Electroanatomic mapping (EAM) facilitates three-dimensional imaging without X-rays, which reduces risks associated with fluoroscopy. OBJECTIVE: We describe a series of @entity1 cases wherein @entity943 ablation was exclusively performed using EAM. METHODS: @entity1 who presented with @entity943 that were unresponsive to pharmacological therapy were prospectively selected between March 2011 and March 2012 for @entity943 ablation exclusively through EAM. @entity1 with indications for a diagnostic electrophysiology study and ablation of @entity955 , left @entity4710 as well as hemodynamically unstable @entity943 were excluded. We documented the procedure time, success rate and complications as well as whether fluoroscopy was necessary during the procedure. RESULTS: In total, 11 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, including seven female @entity1 (63%). The mean age of the @entity1 was 50 years (SD    16.5). Indications for the investigated procedures included four cases (35%) of @entity956 , three cases (27%) of @entity3155 , two cases (19%) of paroxysmal supraventricular @entity591 and two cases (19%) of @entity1540 . The mean procedure duration was 86.6 min (SD    26 min). Immediate success (at discharge) of the procedure was evident for nine @entity1 (81%). There were no complications during the procedures. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing an @entity943 ablation exclusively using EAM with satisfactory results.

title: Catheter ablation of XXXX exclusively using electroanatomic mapping: a series of cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity29 , including @entity31 and @entity30 , increase the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 . It has been recently shown in @entity1 and animal models that intestinal microbiota and host immunity are integral in the progression of large @entity29 . Lymphocytes are widely believed to prevent bacterially induced @entity32 in the bowel, and lymphocytes are also critical in protecting against @entity5 of intestinal epithelia in @entity19 . Taken together, this raises the possibility that lymphocytes may inhibit @entity694 by reducing bacterially driven @entity32 . To examine the role of bacteria, lymphocytes, and @entity29 in the development of @entity694 , 129/SvEv @entity6233 -deficient and congenic wild-type @entity19 were orally inoculated with a widespread enteric @entity19 bacterial pathogen, @entity29958 , or sham-dosed with media only. @entity29958 -infected @entity6233 -/-, but not sham-dosed @entity6233 -/- @entity19 , rapidly developed @entity189 . This demonstrated a link between microbially driven @entity32 and @entity5 in the lower bowel and suggested that innate immune dysregulation may have an important role in @entity29 and progression to @entity5 . @entity29958 -infected wild-type @entity19 did not develop @entity32 or @entity189 showing that lymphocytes were required to prevent bacterially induced @entity5 at this site. Adoptive transfer with @entity1961 + CD45RBlo @entity3783 + regulatory T cells into Rag-deficient hosts significantly inhibited @entity29958 -induced @entity32 and development of @entity5 . These results suggested that the ability of @entity1961 + T cells to protect against @entity5 was correlated with their ability to reduce bacterially induced @entity29 . Further, regulatory T cells may act directly on the innate immune system to reduce or prevent disease. These roles for T cells in protection against @entity694 may have implications for new modes of prevention and treatment of @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: @entity1961 + @entity3783 + regulatory T lymphocytes inhibit microbially induced @entity694 in @entity6233 -deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'intestinal cancer', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity29958 :: ('32025', 'Species') :: ['H. hepaticus', 'Helicobacter hepaticus']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'colitis and large bowel carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel diseases', 'Inflammatory bowel diseases', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon cancer', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Recent studies present that the single @entity369 (R) residue in the sequence of Ab42 adopts abundant b-sheet structure and forms stable salt bridges with various residues. Furthermore, experiments proposed that R stimulates the Ab assembly and @entity369 (R) to @entity493 (A) mutation ( @entity62389 ) decreases both aggregate formation tendency and the degree of its @entity137 . However, the exact roles of R and @entity62389 mutation in the structures of Ab42 are poorly understood. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations along with thermodynamic calculations present that R5A mutation impacts the structures and free energy landscapes of the aqueous Ab42 peptide. The b-sheet structure almost disappears in the Ala21-Ala30 region but is more abundant in parts of the central hydrophobic core and C-terminal regions of Ab42 upon @entity62389 mutation. More abundant a-helix is adopted in parts of the N-terminal and mid-domain regions and less prominent a-helix formation occurs in the central hydrophobic core region of Ab42 upon @entity62389 mutation. Interestingly, intramolecular interactions between N- and C-terminal or mid-domain regions disappear upon @entity62389 mutation. The structures of Ab42 are thermodynamically less stable and retain reduced compactness upon @entity62389 mutation. @entity62389 mutant-type structure stability increases with more prominent central hydrophobic core and mid-domain or C-terminal region interactions. Based on our results reported in this work, small organic molecules and antibodies that avoid b-sheet formation in the Ala21-Ala30 region and hinder the intramolecular interactions occurring between the N-terminal and mid-domain or C-terminal regions of Ab42 may help to reduce Ab42 @entity137 in @entity195 .

title: XXXX and disordered amyloid-b peptide structures: molecular level insights into the @entity137 in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity62389 :: ('p|SUB|R|5|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R5A']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: Relative @entity1640 has been described as a common feature of several dysfunctional @entity158 syndromes, and its end hormone @entity701 may thus constitute a protective factor against the development of @entity1118 . We investigated the potential influence of experimentally induced stress-like @entity699 on the induction of @entity1931 using 2 @entity1 surrogate models: secondary @entity1931 after intradermal @entity2951 injection into the volar forearm, and perceptual windup in normal skin. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study, a psychophysical study was performed in 10 healthy subjects (median age 23 years) examining the effects of 40 mg orally administered @entity701 . Numeric @entity158 ratings were assessed for punctate pinprick and light touch stimuli applied to the zone of secondary @entity1931 adjacent to the @entity2951 injection and to the contralateral control side. In addition, visual analog ratings were assessed for repetitive pinprick stimulation of the noninjected arm. @entity701 significantly attenuated the late phase of @entity2951 -induced @entity158 by nearly 50%, and @entity1931 to pinprick stimuli by 33% (both P<.05). Baseline @entity158 and dynamic mechanical allodynia remained unaltered. Temporal summation (windup) to @entity158 stimuli and electrically induced windup of second @entity158 (tested in an independent cohort of 10 other subjects) were also unchanged. The selective effects of @entity701 on pinprick @entity1931 but not pinprick @entity158 suggest an antihyperalgesic rather than analgesic effect. The findings suggest that @entity2339 reactivity might be an important mechanism in resilience to dysfunctional @entity158 syndromes.

title: Experimental characterization of the effects of acute stresslike doses of XXXX in @entity1 @entity1931 models.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'neurogenic hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: Whereas the major @entity1501 transporter, the @entity7177 ( @entity7177 ), has a physiological pH optimum, transport activities for @entity26457 and antifolates have been detected with low pH optima. Because the interstitial pH in @entity5 is generally acidic, the mechanisms by which antifolates are transported at low pH could be an important determinant of drug activity under these conditions. The current study quantitated the low pH @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) transport activity in @entity1 solid @entity5 cell lines from the National @entity5 Institute @entity5 panel and other sources. @entity1500 influx at pH 5.5 was equal to, or greater than, influx at pH 7.4 in 29 of 32 cell lines. To assess the role of @entity7177 in transport at low pH in one of these cell lines, a HeLa clonal line (R5) was selected for @entity1500 resistance due to a genomic deletion of the carrier gene. @entity1500 influx was depressed by 70% in R5 versus wild-type HeLa cells at pH 7.4. At pH 6.5, influx in these two lines was similar; as the pH was decreased to 5.5 influx increased in both cell lines. Similarly, whereas net @entity1500 uptake over 1 h was markedly decreased in R5 cells at pH 7.4, net uptake in HeLa and R5 cells was comparable at pH 6.5. Also, as compared with MCF7 @entity0 cells, @entity1500 uptake was markedly decreased at pH 7.4, but only minimally at pH 6.5, in the MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cell line that lacks @entity7177 expression. When grown with @entity1501 (2 micro M) at pH 7.4, the IC(50) for @entity1500 was 14-fold higher in R5 as compared with wild-type HeLa cells; the difference was only 4-fold when cells when grown at pH 6.9; the IC(50)s were identical at this pH when the medium folate was 25 nM @entity4181 . These data demonstrate that transport activity at low pH is prevalent in @entity1 @entity5 , is @entity7177 -independent in R5 cells and MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells, and can preserve @entity1500 activity in the absence of @entity7177 at an acidic pH relevant to @entity5 in vivo.

title: A prominent low-pH XXXX transport activity in @entity1 @entity5 : contribution to the preservation of @entity1499 pharmacologic activity in HeLa cells lacking the @entity7177 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['5-formyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity7177 :: ('6573', 'Gene') :: ['reduced folate carrier', 'RFC']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) is a pre-malignant condition of the vulval skin. This uncommon chronic skin condition of the vulva is associated with a high risk of recurrence and the potential to progress to @entity5 . The condition is complicated by its' multicentric and multifocal nature. The incidence of this condition appears to be rising particularly in the younger age group.There is a lack of consensus on the optimal surgical treatment method. However, the rationale for surgical treatment of @entity5436 has been to treat symptoms and exclude underlying @entity5 with the continued aim of preservation of vulval anatomy and function. Repeated treatments affect local cosmesis and cause psychosexual morbidity thus impacting on the @entity1 ' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions for high grade @entity5436 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Issue 3, 2010, Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE up to September 2010. We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared surgical interventions, in adult @entity1 diagnosed with high grade @entity5436 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS: We found only one RCT which included 30 @entity1 that met our inclusion criteria and this trial reported data on @entity544 laser ( @entity515 laser) versus ultrasonic surgical aspiration (USA).There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of disease recurrence after one year follow-up, @entity158 , presence of @entity2318 , @entity3833 or burning, adhesions, @entity281 , abnormal discharge and eschar between @entity1 who received @entity515 laser and those who received USA. The trial lacked statistical power due to the small number of @entity1 in each group and the low number of observed events, but was at low risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The included trial lacked statistical power due to the small number of @entity1 in each group and the low number of observed events. Therefore in the absence of reliable evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of the two surgical techniques for the management of @entity5436 precludes any definitive guidance or recommendations for clinical practice.

title: Surgical interventions for high grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulval cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['VIN', 'vulval intraepithelial neoplasia', 'Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vulval intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: 1. The effect of withdrawal of @entity2165 and @entity9748 administration was studied in 12 normal volunteers; six on each drug. 2. Following sub-maximal cycle-ergometer exercise training six sets of base-line observations were made of @entity551 (BP) responses; supine, 60 degrees head-up tilt, during graduated @entity3044 infusion and sub-maximal cycle exercise. 3. The results show that withdrawal phenomena occur following both drug treatments. @entity2165 produced a @entity56 to @entity3044 and a small overshoot of HR in response to physiological manoeuvres. In contrast @entity9748 produced a prolonged state of reduced sensitivity to @entity3044 and some evidence of overshoot of HR with physiological manoeuvres. The differences between the responses may be explained by the different properties of the two beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 4. Some subjects showed clear evidence of overshoot of HR and BP on exercise demonstrating that certain individuals may be more prone to have withdrawal effects than others. 5. The length of time during which withdrawal phenomena can occur is probably longer than has previously been realised. 6. Hormonal changes were found in the withdrawal period (Walden et al., 1990).

title: Withdrawal phenomena after XXXX and @entity9748 : haemodynamic responses in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity9748 :: ('MESH:C036007', 'Chemical') :: ['bopindolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart-rate (HR) and blood pressure']

answer: @entity2165 :: (MESH:D001262,Chemical) :: ['atenolol']


abstract: Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, @entity37086 ( @entity2848 ), on @entity414 crystal-induced @entity32 was investigated in comparison with standard drugs for treating @entity697 in experimental animals. @entity2848 inhibited @entity414 crystal-induced paw @entity4 in both @entity35 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity19 (5-25 mg/kg, p.o.) in a dose-dependent manner. On @entity35 @entity414 crystal-induced paw @entity4 , @entity2848 was found to be almost equally active as @entity3352 (IM) and @entity3812 . In addition, @entity2848 (2.5-10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the accumulation of exudate and decreased the leucocyte numbers and the amount of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 )-like substance in @entity414 crystal-induced @entity5641 in @entity35 dose-dependently, with a potency slightly greater than that of IM. The specific anti-gout agent @entity3812 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) also suppressed the accumulation of exudate and decreased the leucocyte numbers, without affecting the amount of @entity1421 -like substance. Moreover, in @entity19 @entity298 , @entity2848 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed the @entity414 crystal-induced increase in vascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in experimental models of @entity210 , @entity2848 inhibited the @entity158 response (abnormal gait) of @entity414 crystal-induced @entity625 in both @entity35 (0.25 and 1 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity235 (3 mg/kg, p.o.), with a potency greater than that of IM and @entity11464 , respectively. These results indicate that as an anti-gout agent, @entity2848 is at least as effective as other standard drugs, so that it should have good clinical potential.

title: [Effect of XXXX on @entity414 crystal-induced @entity32 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity37086 :: ('MESH:C043940', 'Chemical') :: ['pranoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2', 'PGE2']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['articular gout']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium urate']

answer: @entity37086 :: (MESH:C043940,Chemical) :: ['pranoprofen']