abstract: The genes YML070W/ @entity66979 and YFL053W/ @entity66980 in the @entity375 @entity375 were characterized by a combined genetic and biochemical approach that firmly functionally classified their encoded proteins as @entity12039 kinases (DAKs), an enzyme present in most organisms. The kinetic properties of the two isoforms were similar, exhibiting K(m)(( @entity4601 )) of 22 and 5 microm and K(m)(( @entity855 )) of 0.5 and 0.1 mm for @entity66979 and @entity66980 , respectively. We furthermore show that their substrate, @entity12039 ( @entity4601 ), is toxic to @entity375 cells and that the detoxification is dependent on functional DAK. The importance of DAK was clearly apparent for cells where both isogenes were deleted ( @entity66979 Delta @entity66980 Delta), since this strain was highly sensitive to @entity4601 . In the opposite case, overexpression of either @entity66979 or @entity66980 made the @entity66979 Delta @entity66980 Delta highly resistant to @entity4601 . In fact, overexpression of either DAK provided cells with the capacity to grow efficiently on @entity4601 as the only @entity505 and energy source, with a generation time of about 5 h. The @entity4601 @entity137 was shown to be strongly dependent on the @entity505 and energy source utilized, since @entity413 efficiently suppresses the lethality, whereas @entity3649 or @entity1068 did so to a much lesser extent. However, this suppression was found not to be explained by differences in @entity4601 uptake, since uptake kinetics revealed a simple diffusion mechanism with similar capacity independent of @entity505 source. Salt addition strongly aggravated the @entity4601 @entity137 , independent of @entity505 source. Furthermore, the @entity4601 @entity137 was not linked to the presence of @entity26 or to the known harmful agents @entity14625 and @entity406 . It is proposed that detoxification of @entity4601 may be a vital part of the physiological response during diverse stress conditions in many species.

title: @entity12039 kinases in @entity375 are involved in detoxification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12039 :: (MESH:D004098,Chemical) :: ['dihydroxyacetone']


abstract: In the filamentous fungus @entity25667 , two degenerative processes which result in @entity851 are associated with mitochondrial genome (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) instability. Senescence is correlated with mtDNA rearrangements and amplification of specific regions (senDNAs). @entity204 is characterized by the accumulation of specific mtDNA deletions. This accumulation is due to indirect effects of the AS1-4 mutation, which alters a cytosolic ribosomal protein gene. The mthmg1 gene has been identified as a double-copy suppressor of premature @entity204 . It greatly delays premature @entity204 and the accumulation of deletions when it is present in two copies in an ASI-4 context. The duplication of mthmg1 has no significant effect on the wild-type life span or on senDNA patterns. In anAS1+ context, deletion of the mthmg1 gene alters germination, growth, and fertility and reduces the life span. The deltamthmg1 senescent strains display a particular senDNA pattern. This deletion is lethal in an AS1-4 context. According to its physical properties (very basic protein with putative mitochondrial targeting sequence and HMG-type DNA-binding domains) and the cellular localization of an mtHMG1-green fluorescent protein fusion, mtHMG1 appears to be a mitochondrial protein possibly associated with mtDNA. It is noteworthy that it is the first example of a protein combining the two DNA-binding domains, @entity1129 -hook motif and HMG-1 boxes. It may be involved in the stability and/or transmission of the mitochondrial genome. To date, no structural homologues have been found in other organisms. However, mtHMG1 displays functional similarities with the @entity375 mitochondrial HMG-box protein @entity49937 .

title: Two copies of mthmg1, encoding a novel mitochondrial HMG-like protein, delay accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity25667 :: ('5145', 'Species') :: ['Podospora anserina']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Premature death syndrome', 'death']

answer: @entity25667 :: (5145,Species) :: ['Podospora anserina']


abstract: Genetic mutations in the @entity8950 gene affect Wnt signaling and lead to changes in bone mass in @entity1 . Our in vivo and in vitro results show that activated mutation @entity63736 of @entity8950 enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Inactivating mutation @entity63737 of @entity8950 exerts opposite effects. INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, @entity8950 , leading to decreased or increased canonical Wnt signaling, result in @entity170 or a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype, respectively. However, the mechanisms whereby mutated @entity8950 causes changes in bone mass are not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied bone marrow composition in iliac crest bone biopsies from @entity1 with the HBM phenotype and controls. We also used retrovirus-mediated gene transduction to establish three different @entity1 mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) strains stably expressing wildtype @entity8950 (hMSC- @entity8950 (WT)), @entity8950 (T244) (hMSC- @entity8950 (T244), inactivation mutation leading to @entity170 ), or @entity8950 (T253) (hMSC- @entity8950 (T253), activation mutation leading to high bone mass). We characterized Wnt signaling activation using a dual luciferase assay, cell proliferation, lineage biomarkers using real-time PCR, and in vivo bone formation. RESULTS: In bone biopsies, we found increased trabecular bone volume and decreased bone marrow fat volume in @entity1 with the HBM phenotype (n = 9) compared with controls (n = 5). The hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) but not hMSC- @entity8950 (T244) transduced high level of Wnt signaling. @entity13020 inhibited cell proliferation in hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253), and this effect was associated with downregulation of @entity5741 . Both hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) showed enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis in vitro, and the opposite effect was observed in hMSC- @entity8950 (T244). Similarly, hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) but not hMSC- @entity8950 (T244) formed ectopic mineralized bone when implanted subcutaneously with @entity692 / @entity9039 in @entity915 /NOD @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8950 mutations and the level of Wnt signaling determine differentiation fate of hMSCs into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Activation of Wnt signaling can thus provide a novel approach to increase bone mass by preventing the age-related reciprocal decrease in osteogenesis and increase in adipogenesis.

title: XXXX with high bone mass phenotype exhibit enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of adipogenesis of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tricalcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the post-operative course and follow up of @entity1 who had undergone laparoscopic removal of intramural @entity2909 penetrating the uterine cavity. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Center for Reconstructive Pelvic Endosurgery, Italy. POPULATION: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity2909 penetrating the uterine cavity. METHODS: Laparoscopic myomectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility and safety of surgical technique, length of operation, @entity190 , intra- or post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, resolution of symptoms and future obstetric outcome. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 79 (SD 30) minutes; the mean reduction in haemoglobin was 1.1 +/- 0.9 g/dL. No intra- or post-operative complications were observed. The average post-operative stay in hospital was 54 (SD 22) hours. Nineteen (73%) out of 26 @entity1 who had experienced symptoms prior to surgery reported resolution of these symptoms post-operatively. All @entity1 resumed work within a mean time of 20 (SD 8) days. Among 23 of the 32 @entity1 attempting pregnancy during the follow up period, nine (39%) conceived within one year. Seven pregnancies went to term without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical results of this study suggest that laparoscopic myomectomy for intramural @entity2909 penetrating the uterine cavity is a safe procedure, providing well known advantages of minimal access surgery.

title: Laparoscopic myomectomy for XXXX penetrating the uterine cavity: is it a safe procedure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['fibroids']


abstract: Shifting of visual attention induced by peripheral cues was studied in 24 @entity1 with @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) or @entity5545 and was compared with that of 19 normal readers by means of a covert orienting paradigm. This paradigm presents @entity1 with valid, neutral and invalid spatial cues preceding the presentation of a target stimulus. As compared to normal readers, in @entity5545 @entity1 the inhibition effect (i.e. the difference between neutral and invalid cues) was absent. The 24 @entity5545 @entity1 were divided into two groups matched for age, IQ and reading ability to study the efficacy of two different rehabilitation procedures. We assessed the effects on reading accuracy and speed over a 4-month treatment with visual hemisphere specific stimulation (VHSS; J. Learn Disabil. 25 (1992) 102) vs. traditional speech training. The VHSS program trains @entity1 to perform rapid endogenous attentional orienting by presenting briefly flashed words in the peripheral visual field. We found that @entity1 treated with VHSS showed significant changes in their attentional inhibition process, as indicated by increased costs for 'reorienting' the attentional focus. As this treatment program also proved to be highly efficient in improving the @entity1 's reading abilities, the possible causal relationship between reading and inhibition mechanisms of visuospatial attention was discussed.

title: The role of visuospatial attention in developmental XXXX : evidence from a rehabilitation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['SRD', 'dyslexia', 'specific reading disorder']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of @entity1086 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 31 @entity1 with a postoperative diagnosis of @entity1086 . The laparoscopic approach was initially applied to all of them. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had a pT1a @entity5 , and all underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy without recurrence. Nine @entity1 had pT1b lesions, and three had to be converted to an open operation. There were two recurrences. In one of the converted @entity1 the cystic node was invaded. Seven @entity1 had a pT2 lesion, and in four of them the operation was converted to an open procedure. Recurrences were noted in three @entity1 . In two @entity1 with @entity1803 @entity5 , the opera-tions were converted; both @entity5 recurred. Only diagnostic laparoscopy or a palliative laparoscopic procedure was performed for pT4 @entity5 . The median follow-up time was 17.0 months. The 5-years survival rate was 100% for @entity1 with stage pT1a, 100% for pT1b, and 68% for pT2 lesions. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that when a @entity75 of the gallbladder is found on preoperative evaluation, laparoscopic surgery may be attempted initially. During the procedure it is important to open all specimens when a @entity75 is present and perform a frozen section biopsy. When a pT1a lesion is found, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is sufficient; however, when a pT1b or more @entity1442 is found, the operation might be converted to a radical cholecystectomy.

title: Does laparoscopic surgery have a role in the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesion']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: In this prospective randomized clinical study, the effectiveness of epidural @entity230 to reduce @entity158 following lumbar disc surgery was assessed. Sixty-one @entity1 undergoing lumbar discectomy were included. They were assigned randomly to receive, immediately after removal of the disc, either 80 mg @entity8745 ( @entity8745 ) or the same amount (2 mL) of saline. Both were soaked in 2.5 x 2.5 cm of collagen absorbable hemostat (Instat) that was left on the decompressed nerve root. All discs were removed in the same way via unilateral flavectomy. The @entity1 were asked to grade the @entity158 intensity daily in the first 2 weeks and 1 year after surgery. @entity158 intensity was evaluated by the visual analog scale from 0 to 10, zero being no @entity158 and 10 being the most severe @entity158 . Statistically significant back @entity158 relief was observed on postoperative days 1, 2, 6, and 14 in the study group (the group that received @entity230 ). No difference between the two groups was found 1 year after surgery or when leg @entity158 was compared. No side effects that could be related to the @entity230 were observed.

title: Local application of XXXX following lumbar discectomy.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate', 'Depomedrol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment modality for actinic keratoses. @entity16326 ( @entity7671 ) (Metvix, PhotoCure, Oslo, Norway) leads to selective accumulation of photoactive @entity7889 in @entity272 and makes the lesions susceptible to phototoxic effects on illumination with red light. OBJECTIVE: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind study compared complete response rates, cosmetic outcome, and @entity1 satisfaction for PDT with cream containing 160 mg/g MAL or placebo cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses. METHODS: After application of the cream under occlusion for 3 hours, the lesions were illuminated by noncoherent red light (570-670 nm, light dose 75 J/cm(2)). Treatment was repeated after 1 week and response was assessed 3 months later. A total of 80 @entity1 were randomized into the study, 42 in the active and 38 in the placebo group. RESULTS: Complete lesion response rate was higher after MAL PDT than placebo, 89% versus 38% per protocol analysis (P =.001). An excellent or good cosmetic outcome was reported in more than 90% of @entity1 treated with MAL. CONCLUSION: In this small study, PDT using topical MAL was a safe and effective treatment for actinic keratoses with excellent cosmetic outcome. It is a promising treatment that could benefit from further study.

title: Photodynamic therapy with topical XXXX for actinic keratosis: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity16326 :: ('CHEBI:724125', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl aminolevulinate']

answer: @entity16326 :: (CHEBI:724125,Chemical) :: ['methyl aminolevulinate']


abstract: All tested accessions of @entity958 are resistant to the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Resistance is compromised by @entity45550 or @entity26866 mutations, suggesting that it requires the @entity958 phytoalexin camalexin and @entity7214 (JA)-dependent signaling, respectively. This contrasts with most well-studied @entity958 pathogens, which are controlled by @entity3785 -dependent responses and do not benefit from absence of camalexin or JA. Here, mutants with defects in camalexin synthesis ( @entity63581 , @entity27967 , @entity45550 , and pad5) or in JA signaling ( @entity63581 , @entity26866 ) were found to be more susceptible than wild type. Mutants with defects in @entity3785 ( @entity19056 and @entity19061 ) or @entity1786 ( @entity19162 ) signaling remained resistant. Plant responses to A. brassicicola were characterized using expression profiling. Plants showed dramatic gene expression changes within 12 h, persisting at 24 and 36 h. Wild-type and @entity45550 plants responded similarly, suggesting that @entity45550 does not have a major effect on signaling. The response of @entity26866 plants was quite different. Of the 645 genes induced by A. brassicicola in wild-type and @entity45550 plants, 265 required @entity26866 for full expression. It is likely that some of the @entity26866 -dependent genes are important for resistance to A. brassicicola. Responses to A. brassicicola were compared with responses to @entity3437 @entity281 . Despite the fact that these pathogens are limited by different defense responses, approximately 50% of the induced genes were induced in response to both pathogens. Among these, requirements for @entity26866 were consistent after @entity281 by either pathogen, suggesting that the regulatory effect of @entity26866 is similar regardless of the initial stimulus.

title: Characterization of the early response of XXXX to Alternaria brassicicola @entity281 using expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cause of worse survival in older @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Prospective 18-month and longer follow-up study of a cohort of 167 @entity1 (mean age +/- standard deviation 58 +/- 12, including 71 aged >or=65) with @entity583 for @entity299 , defined as @entity204 , recurrent @entity583 , or resuscitated @entity1165 or fibrillation (VT/VF). SETTING: Milwaukee County Medical Complex and the Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI. @entity1 : One hundred sixty-seven @entity1 who underwent @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) in the first week (2-7 days) after @entity583 and were medically managed. MEASUREMENTS: Comparison of event rates in older (>or=65 years) and younger (<65 years) @entity1 and of clinical, resting echocardiographic, DASE, and angiographic findings in @entity1 with and without events. Coronary angiography was performed in 141. RESULTS: Older and younger @entity1 tolerated DASE well. During follow-up, there were 29 @entity299 ( @entity204 in 17, nonfatal @entity583 in 10, and VT/VF in 2). Events were more common in older @entity1 (26% vs 12%, P <.05), especially @entity204 (19% vs 5%, P <.05). Scar size in the @entity1188 zone by DASE was larger (4.0 +/- 2.8 vs 3.0 +/- 2.7 segments, P <.05) and remote @entity854 more common (47 vs 29%, P <.05) in older @entity1 . Univariate determinants of outcome (P <.05) in older @entity1 were @entity6 ; remote @entity854 ; @entity66 ; scar size; ejection fraction; and resting, low-, and peak-dose wall motion score. Univariate determinants in younger @entity1 were similar, but @entity6 was not. Multivariate analysis revealed that remote @entity854 and scar size by DASE were independently predictive of outcome in older and younger @entity1 and @entity6 only in older @entity1 . Low- and peak-dose DASE data enhanced (P <.01) the prediction of outcome in all @entity1 with @entity583 relative to clinical data and resting echocardiography. CONCLUSION: DASE was more predictive of outcome than clinical data and resting echocardiography in both age groups. Scar size and remote @entity854 were the primary determinants of outcome irrespective of age. The worse prognosis of older @entity1 correlated with @entity6 , greater scar size, and higher incidence of remote inducible @entity63 .

title: Age-related determinants of outcome after XXXX : a @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic multivessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Based on @entity68 utilization, sensitivity to skin @entity1718 , lipolytic and proteolytic activity the potential abilities of Staphylococcus cohnii strains to colonize @entity1 were evaluated. The investigation included 60 strains that belong to both subspecies, viz. S. cohnii ssp. cohnii and S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus. Strains were isolated from different sources of the Intensive Care Unit and from non-hospital environment. Most of the strains were multiple antibiotic-resistant. Strains of both subspecies revealed a relatively low @entity68 requirement. These strains were capable of utilizing @entity68 bound in oxo acids and from host @entity68 -binding proteins. S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus were more effective in @entity68 uptake than S. cohnii ssp. cohnii. All investigated strains revealed sensitivity to skin @entity1718 , but S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus strains were more resistant. Special features of strains of this subspecies promote colonization of @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of selected features of Staphylococcus cohnii enabling colonization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The DNA content of erythropoietic cells from 10 @entity1 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) with @entity8117 changes, who subsequently developed @entity981 ( @entity981 ), and from seven @entity1 with @entity8117 marrow aspirates due to pernicious @entity417 were compared by DNA image cytometry. The DNA distribution, the rate of aneuploid cells exceeding 5c (5cER), and the square deviation index of DNA values from the normal 2c-peak (2cDI) were recorded. Both variables were of diagnostic and prognostic importance for @entity5 , @entity706 , and @entity75 . A rate of 5cER greater than 0 was found in eight of 10 @entity2590 , but in none of seven control cases. Hypodiploidy was equally pronounced in both groups of @entity1 . The 5cE had the highest discriminative value of all variables calculated. The 2cDI was not significantly different in either group. In pernicious @entity417 the 2cDI depended mainly on the percentage of S cells, reflecting the defect of DNA synthesis. In @entity417 with megaloblastosis the 2cDI correlated with the percentage of G2 cells, reflecting G2 arrest. In the @entity2590 group the 2cDI correlated positively with the length of time until @entity981 developed, indicating the prognostic relevance of 2cDI. Our findings show that in @entity8117 @entity417 DNA image cytometry can distinguish @entity2590 from pernicious @entity417 and that it also provides prognostic information.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic value of DNA image cytometry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ANL']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'refractory anaemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic', 'myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity8117 :: ('MESH:D000749', 'Disease') :: ['megaloblastic']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Several studies have shown that the use of the Witzel dilator is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1318 . However, the optimal values for pressure, number of dilations, and duration of application have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to determine these three parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: 43 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1318 (based on clinical, radiological, manometric and endoscopic evaluation) were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. @entity1 in group A (n=21) underwent three consecutive 1-minute dilations per session at 1-minute intervals, at 200 mmHg for the first dilation and 300 mmHg for the second and third. In group B @entity1 (n=22) only one dilation was done, at 200 mmHg for 2 minutes. Before and after treatment, the clinical score, the maximum esophageal diameter (obtained using barium contrast studies) and the basal pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter were evaluated in each @entity1 . The need for further treatment and the presence of complications were also determined. RESULTS: Both methods led to clinical, radiological, and manometric benefits. No differences were observed between the methods (satisfactory results in 86%; one perforation in each group). Six @entity1 underwent operation; five for an incomplete response and one for a perforation. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between the two groups investigated, suggesting that only one 2-minute dilation at 200 mmHg is sufficient.

title: Treatment of XXXX with the Witzel dilator: a prospective randomized study of two methods.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It remains unclear whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) provides comparable outcomes to surgical resection (SR). We, therefore, compared survival outcomes of RFA to SR in @entity1 with early stage and very @entity5 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: A multicenter retrospective analysis was performed in @entity1 from five academic hospitals with Barcelona @entity96 (BCLC) stages 0-A @entity157 having RFA or SR as primary therapy. RESULTS: From 2000-2010, 146 @entity1 who received treatment with RFA (n = 96) or SR (n = 52) were identified. In @entity96 @entity1 with  <=5 cm @entity157 , there was a trend of lower overall survival after RFA compared with SR (3- and 5-year survival: 62% and 37% vs. 66% and 62% respectively; p = 0.11). By multivariate analysis, RFA was an independent predictor of poor survival (hazard ratio = 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-5.03; p = 0.04). In  <=3 cm @entity157 (n = 109), the 3- and 5-year survivals in RFA and SR groups were 66% and 39%, and 69% and 59%, respectively, with no difference in the median survival (p = 0.41). Local recurrence was significantly higher after RFA compared to SR in @entity157  <=5 cm (p = 0.006) with a trend of lower recurrence-free survival (p = 0.06) after RFA in @entity157  <=3 cm. There were fewer major complications after RFA (2% vs. 8%). CONCLUSION: While SR is superior to RFA for the management of early stage @entity96 disease with  <=5 cm @entity157 , both appear effective as first-line treatment options for Western @entity1 with small  <=3 cm @entity5 . Although safer than SR, RFA is associated with higher rates of @entity5 recurrence and @entity66 progression. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare these two modalities.

title: Radiofrequency ablation versus resection for the treatment of XXXX : a multicenter Australian study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the Liver Clinic', 'BCLC A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'early stage hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early stage hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To carry out an oral biopsy survey in geriatric @entity1 from the participating institutions. METHODS: The biopsy records of the participating institutions were reviewed for @entity75 from @entity1 aged 65 years and older diagnosed from 2003 to 2012. Demographic data and the site of the lesions were collected. Histopathological diagnoses were categorized into two categories: non-neoplastic lesions (reactive/inflammatory lesion, cyst, @entity1200 , potentially malignant disorders, infection and others) and neoplastic lesions (benign and @entity5 ). Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using stata11. RESULTS: Of the 76   045 accessioned cases, 11   346 cases (14.92%) were in geriatric @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 72.98        6.25 years. A total of 5010 cases (44.16%) were diagnosed in males, whereas 6336 cases (55.84%) were diagnosed in females. The male-to-female ratio was 0.79:1. @entity1313 outnumbered the neoplastic counterpart. The five most prevalent @entity75 in the geriatric population in the present study in descending order of frequency were @entity957 , focal @entity82 ( @entity146 fibroma), @entity9530 , @entity4034 and @entity5115 , respectively. The site of predilection was labial/buccal mucosa, followed by gingiva, mandibular bone, tongue and maxillary bone, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The geriatric @entity75 from the present study showed a similar trend with studies based on histopathological data, but different from the studies based on clinical data. This study also shed more light on potentially malignant disorders, as well as benign and @entity5 . Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015;       :       -      .

title: Geriatric XXXX : A multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Non-neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['allergic/immunologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['radicular cyst']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['oral lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins have been implicated in the development of prostate, breast, @entity2 , we examined the role of @entity442 and @entity2301 levels in @entity150 risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to compare plasma levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 in 154 @entity1 with @entity150 and 154 controls from an ongoing case-control study. RESULTS: Mean @entity442 was significantly higher in cases than in controls (175.8 versus 153.2 ng./ml., p <0.01). Mean @entity2301 was significantly lower in cases than in controls (2,632.9 versus 3,056.6 ng./ml., p <0.01). The highest quartile plasma levels of @entity442 were associated with an increased risk of @entity150 (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.43 to 6.70) and the highest quartile plasma levels of @entity2301 were associated with a reduced risk of @entity150 (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.78). The effects were more striking when @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were analyzed together. In addition, a higher molar ratio of @entity442 -to- @entity2301 was associated with an increased risk of @entity150 (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.99 to 9.28). Dose-response relationships were evident when subjects were categorized into quartiles by the values of @entity442 , @entity2301 and the molar ratio in controls. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to suggest that @entity1 with @entity150 have higher plasma levels of @entity442 and lower levels of @entity2301 than controls. Thus, measuring plasma @entity442 and @entity2301 may be useful for assessing @entity150 risk.

title: Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and binding protein-3, and their association with XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss the fluorescein angiographic features and diagnosis as well as differential diagnosis. METHODS: In our hospital, we have found three cases of UAIM, one of them has eccentric @entity1020 , another has @entity1829 , and the third associates with pregnancy. Each has characteristic clinical findings. We have made the diagnosis base on ophthalmoscopy and @entity941 angiography (FA). RESULTS: Three @entity1 with UAIM have been experienced sudden unilateral decreased visual acuity. The significant changes on fundus are @entity989 ( @entity989 ) thickening with @entity1713 with in the macular area. FA showed early patchy hypofluorescence and hyperfluorescence at the level of the @entity989 . 'Bull's eye appearance may occur in the macular area after the acute stage of the disease. The clinical findings are similar to what the foreign report described. But there were no previous reports in China. CONCLUSION: We can establish the diagnosis on the base of clinical and fundus features associated with fluorescein angiographic findings. However, the etiology and pathology could not be identified. It required further research.

title: Unilateral acute idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine in @entity1 with @entity22384 whether the use of the combination of @entity6971 ( @entity6971 ) and @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) is better than @entity7943 alone. METHODS: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating @entity6971  +  @entity7943 compared to @entity7943 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity22384 in order to improve live birth rate. A systematic literature search was conducted in 5 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge). Trial selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. The main outcome measure was live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included rates of first-trimester miscarriage, prematurity, @entity1468 , and low birth weight for gestational age babies. RESULTS: Four trials were included in the quantitative synthesis in a total of 222 randomized @entity1 . Effect of @entity6971  +  @entity7943 versus @entity7943 with regard to live births was evaluable in all four randomized controlled trials with a similar overall treatment effect for the therapies OR 1.7 (95  % CI 0.72-4.0) and without heterogeneity (I (2)  =  0  %). No significant differences or heterogeneity were observed between groups for secondary outcomes, namely first-trimester miscarriages OR 0.69 (0.22-2.16), prematurity OR 0.99 (0.4-2.08), @entity1468 .49 (0.63-3.5), and small for gestational age babies OR 2.08 (0.96-4.47). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in live birth weight and other pregnancy outcomes between @entity6971  +  @entity7943 versus @entity7943 . However, these findings were based on few trials presenting methodological limitations. Therefore, there is no evidence to support any incremental benefit of adding @entity6971 to @entity7943 alone in @entity1 with inherited @entity49 .

title: XXXX plus @entity117 versus @entity117 alone in pregnant @entity1 with @entity22384 to improve live birth rate: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity6971 :: ('MESH:D006495', 'Chemical') :: ['LMWH', 'low-molecular-weight heparin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'pre-eclampsia OR 1']

entities_list: @entity22384 :: ('MESH:C540694', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary thrombophilia']

answer: @entity6971 :: (MESH:D006495,Chemical) :: ['Low-molecular-weight heparin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the MR findings of intracranial dural @entity2758 with @entity1211 , emphasizing the parenchymal changes. METHODS: Conventional MR and x-ray angiograms in 13 @entity1 with dural @entity2758 and @entity1211 were reviewed. The site of the shunt, location of the @entity1211 , and presence of @entity1211 were assessed on the angiograms. Parenchymal changes, dilated vessels, and @entity432 were assessed on MR. RESULTS: On MR, 10 of the 13 @entity1 (77%) had dilated pial vessels. Two @entity1 had @entity1276 . Two @entity1 presented with @entity548 , one with a subdural component, both remote from the nidus. Two @entity1 presented with @entity510 . One @entity1 had a parenchymal bleed 9 months after presentation. @entity432 was evident on MR in 2 @entity1 . Diffuse @entity4 in the cerebellar or cerebral hemispheres was present on MR in 4 @entity1 and correlated with @entity51 . In 2 of these 4 @entity1 , @entity2287 enhancement was seen in the periphery of the involved hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: On MR a surplus of pial vessels suggests a dural @entity2758 with @entity1211 . The MR finding of @entity4 deep in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres is direct evidence of a @entity450 .

title: XXXX : an MR finding in dural @entity2758 with @entity1211 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal bleeds']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['white matter edema']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusive disease', 'Venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['cortical venous drainage', 'venous stenosis', 'venous reflux', 'cortical venous reflux']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['Venous congestion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests limiting arthroscopic meniscectomy to those @entity1 with no or early @entity625 however outcomes of arthroscopic meniscectomy with @entity1 of a higher body mass index (BMI) are not as widely available. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 reported outcome scores for arthroscopic meniscectomy are adversely affected by the degree of @entity626 or @entity1 BMI. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy within the NHS in Scotland between the 6th of February and 29th of April 2012 were audited as part of the Scottish Government Musculoskeletal Audit and were eligible for inclusion within this study. A total of 270 @entity1 returned both their pre-operative and post-operative EuroQol 5Q5D5L descriptive questionnaire and @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcomes Scores. @entity1 were stratified according to BMI, degree of @entity571 , @entity130 , and duration of knee symptoms. RESULTS: Pre-operative to post-operative EuroQol index scores [0.642  0.253 to 0.735  0.277, median  SD] and @entity3331 and Osteoarthrtis Outcome Scores [44.63  18.78 to 62.28  24.94, median  SD] improved across all @entity1 (p<0.0001). This was irrespective of degree of BMI, @entity130 , or duration of symptoms. There was no such improvement in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity571 . Those @entity1 with a BMI >35kg/m(2) had lower post-operative scores than the pre-operative scores of those of BMI <30kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic meniscectomy is beneficial regardless of @entity1 BMI, duration of symptoms, @entity130 , or in the presence of early @entity571 .

title: Effect of body mass index and XXXX on outcomes following arthroscopic meniscectomy: A prospective nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['history of injury']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity955 ( @entity955 ) requires arrhythmogenic changes in atrial ion channels/receptors and usually altered atrial structure. @entity955 is commonly treated with antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs); the most effective block many ion channels/receptors. Modest efficacy, intolerance, and safety concerns limit current AADs. We hypothesized that combining agents with multiple anti- @entity955 mechanisms at reduced individual drug doses might produce synergistic efficacy plus better tolerance/safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: -HARMONY tested mid-range @entity16590 (750 mg @entity5353 ) combined with two reduced @entity24724 doses (150 mg @entity5353 and 225 mg @entity5353 ) [chosen to reduce @entity24724 's negative inotropic effect - see text below] over 12 weeks in 134 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 and implanted pacemakers where @entity955 burden (AFB) could be continuously assessed. @entity1 were randomized double-blind to placebo, @entity16590 alone (750 mg @entity5353 ), @entity24724 alone (225 mg @entity5353 ), or one of the combinations. Neither placebo nor either drug alone significantly reduced AFB. Conversely, @entity16590 750 mg @entity5353 / @entity24724 225 mg @entity5353 reduced AFB by 59% vs placebo (p=0.008), while @entity16590 750 mg @entity5353 / @entity24724 150 mg @entity5353 reduced AFB by 43% (p=0.072). Both combinations were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: -HARMONY showed synergistic AFB reduction by moderate dose @entity16590 plus reduced dose @entity24724 , with good tolerance/safety, in the population enrolled. Clinical Trial Registration-ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT01522651.

title: The HARMONY Trial: Combined @entity16590 and XXXX in the Management of Paroxysmal @entity955 : Mechanistic and Therapeutic Synergism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16590 :: ('MESH:C055512', 'Chemical') :: ['ranolazine']

entities_list: @entity24724 :: ('MESH:C118667', 'Chemical') :: ['dronedarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity24724 :: (MESH:C118667,Chemical) :: ['Dronedarone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence of complications after colonoscopy is very low. The complications after colonoscopy that are of clinical concern are bleeding and perforation. The present study was conducted to determine the clinical outcomes and the risk factors of a colostomy or a colectomy after colonoscopic colon perforation. METHODS: From March 2009 to December 2012, the records of all @entity1 who were treated for colorectal perforation after colonoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. The following parameters were evaluated: age, sex, purpose of colonoscopy, management of the @entity694 , and interval from colonoscopy to the diagnosis of a @entity694 . A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the risk factors associated with major surgery for the treatment of a colon perforation after colonoscopy. RESULTS: A total 27 @entity1 were included in the present study. The mean age was 62 years, and 16 were males. The purpose of colonoscopy was diagnostic in 18 @entity1 . The most common perforation site was the sigmoid colon. Colonic perforation was diagnosed during colonoscopy in 14 @entity1 , just after colonoscopy in 5 @entity1 , and 24 hours or more after colonoscopy in 8 @entity1 . For the treatment of @entity694 , endoscopic clipping was performed in 3 @entity1 , primary closure in 15 @entity1 , colon resection in 2 @entity1 , Hartmann's procedures in 4 @entity1 , and diverting colostomy in 3 @entity1 . If the diagnosis of perforation after colonoscopy was delayed for more than 24 hours, the need for major treatment was increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Although a @entity694 after colonoscopy is rare, if the morbidity and the mortality associated with the @entity694 are to be reduced, prompt diagnosis and management are very important.

title: Prompt management is most important for XXXX after colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic perforation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effectiveness of an incisional infusion of local anesthetics through a continuous-infusion elastomeric pump for the management of @entity282 after thoracotomy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis of 110 @entity1 undergoing thoracotomies between November 1999 and March 2003. @entity282 management with a continuous-infusion elastomeric pump providing local anesthetic into the incisional area was compared with a single-shot epidural in combination with continuous local anesthetic infusion and continuous thoracic epidural infusion. Data sources were reviewed for mean narcotic use, @entity158 score, and complications. RESULTS: After thoracotomy procedures, 38 @entity1 received the ON-Q Pain Relief System (I-Flow Corp, Lake Forest, @entity2948 ), 32 received the ON-Q device and single-shot epidural infusion, and 40 received continuous epidural infusion. Demographic attributes, including age, body mass index, and sex were similar between the groups. Preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists status was significantly higher in the ON-Q group compared with that in the other groups (P = .02). Narcotic use and @entity158 scores were significantly reduced in the ON-Q group compared with that in the epidural group at all time points (P < .001). There were no wound-healing complications or @entity281 associated with the use of the pump. CONCLUSION: A continuous infusion of 0.25% @entity1341 at 4 mL/h through the ON-Q elastomeric infusion pump is a safe and effective adjunct in @entity282 management after thoracotomy. The use of the ON-Q Pain Relief System results in @entity4784 and lower @entity158 scores compared with continuous epidural infusion.

title: Improved XXXX management outcomes with continuous infusion of a local anesthetic after thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['decreased narcotic use']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare adhesion formation after laparoscopic and open @entity14 resection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: After colorectal surgery, most @entity1 develop adhesions, with a high burden of complications. Laparoscopy seems to reduce adhesion formation, but evidence is poor. Trials comparing open- and laparoscopic colorectal surgery have never assessed adhesion formation. METHODS: Data on adhesions were gathered during resection of colorectal liver metastases. Incidence of adhesions adjacent to the original incision was compared between @entity1 with previous laparoscopic- and open colorectal resection. Secondary outcomes were incidence of any adhesions, extent and severity of adhesions, and morbidity related to adhesions or adhesiolysis. RESULTS: Between March 2013 and December 2015, 151 @entity1 were included. Ninety @entity1 (59.6%) underwent open colorectal resection and 61 @entity1 (40.4%) received laparoscopic colorectal resection. Adhesions to the incision were present in 78.9% after open and 37.7% after laparoscopic resection (P < 0.001). The incidence of abdominal wall adhesions and of any adhesion was significantly higher after open resection; the incidence of @entity10478 did not significantly differ. The extent of abdominal wall and @entity10478 and the median highest Z  hlke score at the incision were significantly higher after open resection. There were no differences in incidence of @entity1744 during the interval between the colorectal and liver operations, the incidence of serious adverse events, and length of stay after liver surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity14 resection is associated with a lower incidence, extent, and severity of adhesions to parietal surfaces. Laparoscopy does not reduce the incidence of @entity10478 .

title: Multicenter Observational Study of Adhesion Formation after Open-and Laparoscopic Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adhesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a role for endothelin (ET) in progression of uterine fibroids. DESIGN: An in vitro model of fibroid and myometrium cultivation. @entity1 : A total of 32 @entity1 undergoing hysterectomies for uterine fibroids and 11 @entity1 undergoing @entity3556 (control population). RESULTS: @entity1 with uterine fibroids were @entity101 and displayed significantly greater circulating @entity2232 compared to control @entity1 . Secretion of @entity2232 was greater from the fibroids compared to myometrium explants. @entity2232 secretion was attenuated with blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 or endothelinA receptors. @entity519 stimulated @entity2232 secretion from both myometrium and fibroid explants. Preproendothelin messenger RNA expression increased with @entity519 from fibroid explants compared to normoxic controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that uterine fibroids are associated with @entity101 and increased @entity2232 , which is exacerbated with @entity519 . These data suggest a possible link between mechanisms of blood pressure regulation and development of @entity2909 .

title: Enodthelin 1 is elevated in plasma and explants from XXXX having uterine @entity2909 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['hysterectomies for abnormal uterine bleeding']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity1939 in @entity1 with treated @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and risk factors for @entity1939 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-six @entity1 seen between April and November 2000 at the University of Washington Medical Center Eye Clinic, diagnosed in 1975 or later, and treated for at least 2 years for @entity1538 . METHODS: Chart review with evaluation of visual acuity and visual field. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the risk of @entity735 . Variables considered to be possible risk factors for @entity1939 were evaluated using chi-square test, t test, and @entity797 proportional hazards regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blindness, defined as visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, and/or continuous constriction of the visual field to 20 degrees or less in all four quadrants with a size III4e Goldmann stimulus or the equivalent on automated perimetry, allowing a higher threshold level on one point in one quadrant on automated perimetry. RESULTS: The mean duration of disease was 10.2 +/- 4.9 years. Twelve @entity1 were blind in at least one eye from @entity1538 at diagnosis. Nineteen other @entity1 became blind in at least one eye from @entity1538 , and three @entity1 became bilaterally blind from @entity1538 . The Kaplan-Meier estimate for @entity1939 at 15 years in one eye was 14.6%, and in both eyes was 6.4%. Noncompliance with the treatment regimen (P = 0.016) and worse initial @entity227 (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with development of @entity1939 . Nonwhite race was associated with @entity1939 (P = 0.014) when all @entity1939 , including that found at diagnosis, was considered in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1939 from chronic @entity1538 was uncommon in this population of treated @entity1 diagnosed in 1975 or later. Of @entity1 with @entity735 , 39% were blind at diagnosis, and worse @entity227 at diagnosis and noncompliance were associated with development of @entity1939 .

title: Blindness in @entity1 with treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['a blind eye', 'blindness in one and both eyes']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture and tapping therapy in the treatment of @entity2175 pattern combined with stasis in the @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and twelve @entity1 were treated with acupuncture, followed by tapping method. The reinforcing method with lifting, thrusting and rotating needle technique was used at Taixi (KI 3), Shenmen (HT 7), Taibai ( @entity28549 ), Taiyuan (LU 9), Sanyinjiao ( @entity8949 ) and Zusanli (ST 36); and the even-needling technique was used at Taichong ( @entity8950 ), Hegu ( @entity9154 ), Xuehai ( @entity13595 ) and Fenglong (ST 40). The needles were remained for 30 min. After needle removal, the tapping method with plum-blossom needle was applied to Geshu (BL 17), Yishu (EX-B 3), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23) and Pishu (BL 20), once every two days. The treatment of 3 months was required. The changes were observed before and after treatment in the relevant indices of fat-islet axis such as fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), fasting leptin (FLP), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin resistance ( @entity15773 ), insulin secretion index ( @entity5357 ) and the indices of @entity28 and blood lipids in the @entity1 . RESULTS: After treatment, the total effective rate was 84.8% (95/112), in which the efficacy on the stasis predominated @entity751 was better than that of @entity20247 [92.9% (52/56) vs 76.8% (43/56), P < 0.05]. Before treatment, FPG, FLP, FINS, Homa-IR, total @entity165 (TC), @entity412 (TG), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), body mass, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (F%) and @entity28 degree in the @entity1 were higher obviously than those in the normal group (all P < 0.01); high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) and ISI were lower than those in the normal group (both P < 0.01). After treatment, FPG, FLP, FINS, Homa-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, body mass, BMI, F% and @entity28 degree were all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). ISI and HDL-C were increased apparently (both P < 0.01). The efficacy on mild @entity28 was superior to that on moderate and severe @entity28 , and the efficacy in the young @entity1 was better than that in the elderly, the efficacy in the males was better than that in the females, but the differences were not significant (all P > 0.05). The efficacy in the cases with 10 years duration of sickness was superior to those with over 10 years duration of sickness (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture and tapping therapy achieves the significant efficacy on @entity2175 pattern combined with stasis and its effect mechanism is related to the positive regulation of @entity413 , lipid metabolism and fat-islet axis.

title: [Efficacy observation of acupuncture and tapping therapy in the treatment of XXXX pattern combined with stasis in the @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes of yin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20247 :: ('MESH:D016710', 'Disease') :: ['yin deficiency predominated syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes of yin deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced primary or locally recurrent @entity5 , much attention is focused on the oncologic outcome. Little is known about the functional outcome. In this study, the functional outcome after a multimodality treatment for locally advanced primary and locally recurrent @entity5 is analyzed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1994 and 1999, 55 @entity1 with locally advanced primary and 66 @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 were treated with high-dose preoperative external beam irradiation, followed by extended surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy. To assess long-term functional outcome, all @entity1 still alive (n = 97) were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding ongoing morbidity, as well as functional and social impairment. Seventy-six of the 79 @entity1 (96%) returned the questionnaire. The median follow-up was 14 months (range: 4-60 months). RESULTS: The questionnaire revealed @entity1295 in 44%, perineal @entity158 in 42%, radiating @entity158 in the leg(s) in 21%, walking difficulties in 36%, and @entity409 in 42% of the @entity1 as symptoms of ongoing morbidity. Functional impairment consisted of requiring help with basic activities in 15% and sexual inactivity in 56% of the respondents. Social handicap was demonstrated by loss of former lifestyle in 44% and loss of professional occupation in 40% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: As a result of multimodality treatment, the majority of these @entity1 have to deal with long-term physical morbidity, the need for help with daily care, and considerable social impairment. These consequences must be weighed against the chance of cure if the @entity1 is treated and the disability eventually caused by uncontrolled @entity5 progression if the @entity1 is not treated. These potential drawbacks should be discussed with the @entity1 preoperatively and taken into account when designing a treatment strategy.

title: Effects on functional outcome after IORT-containing multimodality treatment for locally advanced primary and locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective is to estimate parameters of the natural history of @entity4697 , including its prodrome, incidence, recovery and recurrence. METHOD: In 1981 the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study interviewed 3481 individuals probabilistically selected from the household population. During 1993-1996, 1920 of these individuals (73% of survivors) were interviewed again. Baseline and follow-up interviews included the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. During the follow-up, a subsample was assessed by psychiatrists using the World Health Organization Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). RESULTS: There were 35 new cases of @entity4697 in 24,475 @entity1 years of exposure, yielding an annual incidence of 1.43 per 1000 per year. Data from the SCAN assessments suggest the incidence estimate is conservative. Incidence is greater in females and declines with age. About one-third of the new cases arise without @entity8396 , but about half have @entity148 of some sort present for many years prior to meeting criteria for diagnosis. @entity1 with @entity8396 have less intense onsets but slower recoveries than those without @entity8396 . CONCLUSIONS: Panic is heterogeneous in its pattern of onset and recovery. Some of the heterogeneity is associated with the presence of other @entity148 over a long period of the life.

title: Onset and recovery from XXXX in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'People']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five @entity1 from two consanguineous families presented with @entity302 beginning in infancy and severe @entity2055 , moderate @entity1274 , and a renal salt-losing @entity8 with normotensive @entity5838 . We investigated the genetic basis of this @entity74 , which we call the @entity47328 (the presence of @entity302 , @entity2055 , @entity1274 , and @entity8 ). METHODS: Whole-genome linkage analysis was performed in the four affected @entity1 in one of the families. Newly identified mutations in a @entity972 -channel gene were evaluated with the use of a heterologous expression system. Protein expression and function were further investigated in genetically modified @entity19 . RESULTS: Linkage analysis identified a single significant locus on chromosome 1q23.2 with a lod score of 4.98. This region contained the @entity35112 gene, which encodes a @entity972 channel expressed in the brain, inner ear, and kidney. Sequencing of this candidate gene revealed homozygous missense mutations in affected @entity1 in both families. These mutations, when expressed heterologously in @entity1238 oocytes, caused significant and specific decreases in @entity972 currents. @entity19 with @entity44922 deletions became dehydrated, with definitive evidence of renal salt wasting. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity35112 cause a @entity74 , consisting of @entity302 , @entity2055 , @entity1274 , and @entity8 . Our findings indicate that @entity35112 plays a major role in renal salt handling and, hence, possibly also in blood-pressure maintenance and its regulation.

title: XXXX , @entity2055 , @entity1274 , @entity8 , and @entity35112 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity47328 :: ('MESH:C557674', 'Disease') :: ['EAST syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['specific disorder', 'autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5 therapy is restricted by the haematological side effects of @entity5 -destructive therapy, requiring expensive supportive care to some extent to overcome and treat @entity1210 and its consequences. An effective and very cost-effective alternative for treating @entity1398 is to administer @entity3486 . @entity1091 leads to a release of hematopoietic growth factors (CSF) and therefore to proliferation of neutrophil granulocytes. Normally, recombinant CSF is only administered when there are indications of severe @entity1398 because of the high costs involved, all the more evident in the long-term treatment of persistent leucocytopenia. On the other hand, CSF and leucocytes play an essential role in @entity5 immunology and with regard to response rates to cytostatic drugs. @entity1091 salts have shown that they can increase the number of neutrophil granulocytes quite significantly and, to a lesser extent, the number of eosinophil granulocytes and lymphocytes as well. The average number of erythrocytes does not change significantly. @entity1 tolerability to @entity3486 therapy is very good. It can be used to treat @entity1 with chronic @entity1210 following chemotherapy or radiotherapy extremely cost-effectively. Unfortunately this treatment has not won acceptance in clinical oncology in the face of highly cost-intensive treatment with recombinant CSF.

title: Effects of @entity3486 on hematopoietic cells in XXXX with persistent @entity1398 following chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity35 were given free access to a running wheel, food, water, and a solution composed of branched-chain @entity1522 plus @entity1160 and @entity369 (the " @entity2595 -based" solution). A positive relationship between dark-period running distance and preference for the @entity2595 -based solution was observed. @entity750 release in the @entity2339 , the central nucleus of amygdala and the medial nucleus raphe in overnight fluid-deprived @entity35 during their first subsequent free drinking was also measured. A lowered @entity750 release in the @entity2339 characterized the @entity35 that consumed the @entity2595 -based solution. No drink-related changes were observed in the amygdala. A separate group of @entity35 was trained on a treadmill. Following the training period, plasma @entity1522 and brain @entity750 release were measured during running. The @entity2595 -based solution infused before running elevated the branched chain @entity1522 / @entity2340 plasma ratio at the end of, and after, running. Additionally, a decreased @entity2339 @entity750 release was seen 80 min after running, when compared with water-infused @entity35 . No fluid-related changes in the amygdala were observed. The exercise-related shift in the fluid preference towards a @entity2595 -based solution suggests an ergogenic benefit. The forced-running study shows the @entity2339 as a critical region in the effects of a @entity2595 -based solution.

title: Preference for a solution of branched-chain @entity1522 plus XXXX and @entity369 correlates with free running activity in @entity35 : involvement of serotonergic-dependent processes of @entity2339 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 and a leading cause of disability in the developed world. Early onset (premature) @entity453 (EOCAD) is known to have a particularly strong genetic component. However, the actual genes leading to this increased risk of @entity453 remain obscure. METHODS: The primary goal of the Genetics of Early Onset @entity65 (GENECARD) study is to perform a genetic linkage study in 920 families with at least 1 sibling pair having EOCAD. The study sites include a US network of 15 cardiology practices and 5 additional sites located in Europe and the United States. We propose to identify chromosomal regions associated with increased susceptibility to EOCAD in this large sample of affected sibling pairs and nuclear families, where EOCAD is defined on the basis of having @entity1187 ( @entity1459 or @entity583 ), a revascularization procedure, or a positive functional imaging study at or before the age of 50 years in @entity1 or 55 years in @entity1 . To identify which genomic regions and genes are associated with increased susceptibility to EOCAD, we will use a comprehensive strategy comprising genomic screening, fine mapping, candidate gene analysis, and family-based association studies. RESULTS: Herein we describe the clinical characteristics, family history, and risk factor profiles of the 1168 members from 438 nuclear families included in the first, exploratory analysis. Analysis of the study population revealed a strong concordance of known cardiac risk factors among affected sibling pairs. There was significant concordance (P <. 01) among siblings with EOCAD for presence of @entity6 (78% concordance), @entity2299 (67%), @entity28 (63%), and @entity101 (56%). This level of concordance of risk factors among siblings might be expected, given the significant genetic components demonstrated for these metabolic susceptibility traits. However, there was also substantial sibling pair concordance (P <.01) for smoking history (74%), regular @entity167 consumption (81%), and sedentary lifestyle (63%), environmental traits without known inherited predisposition. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses such as these will have implications for stratifying populations for the statistical analysis of the genome scan and on the choice of covariates for the follow-up studies of the initial genome screen analysis.

title: Design of the Genetics of Early Onset XXXX (GENECARD) study.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has been focused on as a key determinant of the incidence of @entity5 , @entity5 stage at diagnosis as well as treatment choices in western countries. However, to the authors' knowledge, little work has been done concerning the relationship of @entity159 and @entity418 in China. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity418 from January to December 2007 in Qilu hospital were included. @entity159 was determined by a questionnaire including religion, years of @entity913 and high education, place of residence, occupation, annual household income, and insurance. RESULTS: A total of 238 cases were collected in this study. Linear-by-linear association testing revealed that health-care delay was significantly associated with @entity159 (P = 0.009). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that increased health-care delay (>2 months) was more frequently observed in @entity1 with lower @entity159 (OR 2.271; 95% CI 1.069-4.853). @entity1 diagnosed at TNM I and II were more frequently in higher @entity159 groups (P = 0.017). The association test was statistically significant for undergoing surgical resection only (P = 0.015) and chemotherapy (P = 0.015). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that surgical resection only was less performed in higher @entity159 group compared with lower @entity159 group (OR 0.372; 95% CI 0.188-0.734). For chemotherapy, higher @entity159 @entity1 had a three-fold higher likelihood compared with lower @entity159 group (OR 3.042; 95% CI 1.335-6.928). CONCLUSION: @entity159 was found to be associated with health-care delay, @entity5 stage and treatment modalities in @entity418 .

title: The effect of socioeconomic status on health-care delay and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['schooling']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'Socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Extreme @entity851 is a cardinal feature of severe @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ), types III and IV. We conducted a treatment trial of @entity2124 in @entity1 with @entity6926 and followed linear growth velocity, bone metabolism markers, histomorphometrics, and vertebral bone density. Twenty-six @entity1 with types III and IV @entity6926 , ages 4.5-12 years, were treated with recombinant @entity2124 (rGH), 0.1-0.2 IU/kg per day for 6 days/week, for at least 1 year. Length, insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ), insulin-like growth factor binding protein ( @entity2301 ), bone metabolic markers, and vertebral bone density by DXA were evaluated at 6-month intervals. An iliac crest biopsy was obtained at baseline and 12 months. Approximately one-half of the treated @entity6926 @entity1 sustained a 50% or more increase in linear growth over their baseline growth rate. Most responders (10 of 14) had moderate type IV @entity6926 . All @entity1 had positive @entity442 , @entity2301 , osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase responses. Only the linear growth responders had a significant increase in vertebral DXA z-score and a significant @entity174 . After 1 year of treatment, responders' iliac crest biopsy showed significant increases in cancellous bone volume, trabecular number, and bone formation rate. Responders were distinguished from nonresponders by higher baseline carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) values (p < 0.05), suggesting they have an intrinsically higher capacity for collagen production. The results show that @entity2124 can cause a sustained increase in the linear growth rate of @entity1 with @entity6926 , despite the abnormal collagen in their bone matrix. In the first year of treatment, growth responders achieve increased bone formation rate and density, and decreased @entity174 rates. The baseline plasma concentration of PICP was an excellent predictor of positive response.

title: Positive linear growth and bone responses to XXXX treatment in @entity1 with types III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta: high predictive value of the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in long bone fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: The extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been associated to antioxidant effects. The mycotoxin @entity19709 ( @entity19710 ) can contaminate olives. The aims of this work were to determine the cytotoxic effects and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) produced by @entity19710 , @entity45690 and @entity19185 (two @entity6398 of olive oil) and a real EVOO extract in Caco-2 cells. The @entity98 assay and the ROS production by the @entity7361 probe were used. Results demonstrated that @entity19710 reduces cellular proliferation depending on concentration, whereas @entity45690 and @entity19185 did not (12.5-100   M). The combination of @entity19710  +  @entity19185 (50   M) increased cell proliferation (24%) whereas, @entity19710  +  @entity45690 decreased (47%) it. Besides, @entity19710 increased ROS generation depending on time and concentration. @entity19185  +  @entity19710 decreased ROS production. However, 25   M of @entity45690 increased 1.2-fold the ROS production. Respect to the EVOO extract, cytoprotective effect (151%) was evidenced, even with the combination EVOO extract  +  @entity19710 (15%-55% respect to cells exposed to @entity19710 alone). ROS generation was significantly reduced compared to ROS generation produced by 25   M of @entity19710 alone. The phenolic antioxidant of EVOO decreases @entity137 and ROS production in Caco-2 cells exposed to @entity19710 . Thus, @entity6398 of EVOO could contribute to diminish the toxicological risk that mycotoxins can produce to @entity1 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity137 in Caco-2 cells. Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oil.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19709 :: ('MESH:C005197', 'Chemical') :: ['alternariol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity19185 :: ('MESH:C002769', 'Chemical') :: ['oleuropein', 'Oleuropein']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity19709 :: (MESH:C005197,Chemical) :: ['Alternariol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vasoactivity, an important aspect of tissue healing, is often compromised in disease and @entity3145 . Dysfunction in the smaller vasoactive arteries is most impactful, given the role of these vessels in controlling downstream tissue perfusion. The @entity1958 @entity455 ( @entity455 ) is a mix of homeostatic cells shown to promote tissue healing. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that autologous @entity455 cells therapeutically modulate peripheral artery vasoactivity in syngeneic @entity19 models of small artery function. Analysis of vasoactivity of saphenous arteries isolated from normal @entity19 1 week after intravenous injection of freshly isolated @entity455 cells revealed that pressure-dependent artery vasomotor tone was decreased by the @entity455 cell isolate, but not one depleted of @entity3804 (+) cells. Scavenging @entity273 in the vessel wall abrogated the artery relaxation promoted by the @entity455 cell isolate. Consistent with a @entity3804 (+) cell being the relevant cell type, @entity455 -derived F4/80-positive macrophages were present within the adventitia of the artery wall coincident with vasorelaxation. In a model of @entity3468 mimicking a common disease condition inducing @entity409 , the @entity455 cells potentiated relaxation of saphenous arteries without structurally remodeling the artery via a @entity3804 (+) cell-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that freshly isolated, @entity1958 @entity455 cells promote vasomotor relaxation in vasoactive arteries via a @entity273 -dependent mechanism that required @entity3804 (+) cells (most likely macrophages). Given the significant @entity455 in disease, we predict that the intravenous delivery of this therapeutic cell preparation would significantly improve tissue perfusion, particularly in diseases with diffuse vascular involvement.

title: Systemically Delivered XXXX Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Disseminate to Peripheral Artery Walls and Reduce Vasomotor Tone Through a @entity3804 + Cell-Dependent Mechanism.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular fraction', 'impact of small artery dysfunction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['vasoactive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['artery inflammation']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity1958 :: (230796(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Adipose']


abstract: Immunoliposomes, liposomes with monoclonal antibodies attached, are being developed for targeting the anti- @entity5 drug @entity10928 ( @entity10049 ) to @entity694 cells. A monoclonal antibody against the @entity35 @entity694 CC531 was covalently coupled to liposomes containing a dipalmitoylated derivative of the anti- @entity5 drug FUdR ( @entity66957 ) as a prodrug in their bilayers. We studied the association with the @entity5 cells of different types of immunoliposomes varying in the position and orientation of the antibody at the liposome surface. We also assessed the in vitro anti- @entity5 activity of these liposomes and the mechanism by which the active drug FUdR is delivered intracellularly. Specific binding of the immunoliposomes to the @entity5 cells was observed. Immunoliposomes containing @entity66957 caused a much stronger inhibition of CC531 cell growth in vitro than @entity66957 in non-targeted liposomes. After binding to the cell surface only limited amounts of the immunoliposomes were internalized. By contrast, already within 24 h immunoliposome-incorporated @entity66957 was hydrolyzed virtually completely to the parent drug FUdR, intracellularly. The mechanism of intracellular delivery of the drug most likely involves a selective transfer of the lipophilic prodrug from the liposomes to the cell membrane and subsequent intracellular processing. In conclusion, we developed a targeted liposomal formulation, which is able to deliver FUdR to @entity694 cells intracellularly with high efficiency, without the need for the cells to internalize the liposomes as such. This approach may be attractive for other lipophilic anti- @entity5 (pro)drugs. In this sense our system also serves as a model for the development of new lipid-based drug delivery systems for anti- @entity5 therapy.

title: Efficient intracellular delivery of @entity10049 into XXXX cells by targeted immunoliposomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity10928 :: ('MESH:C576827', 'Chemical') :: ["5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Introduction. @entity4801 are the major causes of @entity1 health problem in Ethiopia. The high prevalence of @entity281 is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services. Objective. The study was conducted to assess the impact of health-conscious Awramba cooperative community and its neighboring communities on the prevalence of @entity281 in South Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods. Single stool specimens were collected from 392 individuals from Awramba and the neighboring communities. Specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites using microscopy. Questionnaire was administered to determine the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of study @entity1 . Results. Of the total 392 study @entity1 examined, 58(14.8%) were positive for @entity311 and 173 (44.1%) for @entity11333 . The prevalence of @entity311 in Awramba community (5.1%) was less than that in neighboring communities (24.5%). The prevalence of @entity281 in Awramba (18.8%) was less than that of the neighboring communities (69.4%). Conclusion. This study showed that good household and environmental hygiene, good toilet construction and usage, and proper utilization of ITN in Awramba cooperative community have significantly contributed to the reduction of the burden of @entity281 . Thus, the positive achievement in reducing @entity281 in Awramba cooperative community could be used as a model for affordable health intervention in the neighboring communities, in particular, and the whole country in general.

title: The impact of cooperative social organization on reducing the prevalence of @entity311 and XXXX in awramba, a rural community in South gondar, ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitic diseases']

answer: @entity11333 :: (MESH:D007411,Disease) :: ['intestinal parasite infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of @entity20497 - @entity24517 ( @entity17733 ) as a chemoprophylactic agent against @entity311 . METHODS: The data sources searched for this study included Cochrane systematic reviews (on @entity166 ), MEDLINE and EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Annals of Tropical Medicine. All unconfounded randomized controlled trials assessing the chemoprophylaxis against @entity311 with @entity20497 - @entity24517 were included in the review. Data on study design, study sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria, allocation, blinding, primary and secondary study end points were all extracted by one reviewer and independently rechecked by the second reviewer. RESULTS: In general, all 10 studies identified had excellent quality with total scores of >or=4 using the Jadad criteria. Ten controlled trials comprising 4,539 @entity1 were included for this review. A meta-analysis of six of the ten studies found chemoprophylaxis with @entity20497 - @entity24517 , with a prophylaxis efficacy of 95.8% (95% CI = 91.5-97.9), to be superior to placebo. It was also considered safe and better tolerated with fewer treatment-related adverse events that could lead to premature discontinuation of prophylaxis than in controls. Comparison with alternative chemoprophylaxis also showed @entity20497 - @entity24517 to be better tolerated with fewer treatment-related self-reported adverse events (RR = 0.8234; 95% CI = 0.673164-1.01) or severe adverse events (RR = 0.6140; 95% CI = 0.420055-0.8975). @entity20497 - @entity24517 is well tolerated with no difference in non-compliance with placebo (RR = 0.8804; 95% CI = 0.6964-1.113; I(2) = 31.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this review shows that @entity20497 - @entity24517 is highly efficacious as a prophylactic agent against @entity281 and is very well tolerated compared with other antimalarial agents.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of XXXX (Malarone) for chemoprophylaxis against @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity24517 :: ('MESH:D002727', 'Chemical') :: ['proguanil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity20497 :: ('MESH:D053626', 'Chemical') :: ['atovaquone', 'Atovaquone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity17733 :: (MESH:C109496,Chemical) :: ['atovaquone proguanil']


abstract: Marine mussels Mytilus possess two mitochondrial (mt) genomes, which undergo doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI). Female (F) and male (M) genomes are usually highly diverged at the sequence level. Both genomes contain the same set of metazoan genes (for 12 proteins, 2 rRNAs and 23 tRNAs), both lack the atp8 gene and have two tRNAs for @entity1853 . However, recently recombination between those variants has been reported. Both original F and M mt genomes of @entity37195 were replaced by @entity13367 mtDNA in the Baltic populations. Highly diverged M genome occurs rarely in the Baltic mussels. Full sequences of the M genome identified in males (sperm) and F genome in females (eggs) were obtained. Both genomes were diverged by 24% in @entity377 sequence, but had similar @entity377 composition and codon usage bias. Constant domain (CD) of the control region (CR), the tRNA and rRNA genes were the most conserved. The most diverged was the variable domain 1 (VD1) of the control region. The F genome was longer than M by 147 bp. and the main difference was localised in the VD1 region. No recombination was observed in whole mtDNA of both studied variants. Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) have not been found by hybridisation with probes complementary to several fragments of the Baltic @entity37195 mtDNA.

title: Complete sequences of mitochondrial genomes from the Baltic mussel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity37195 :: (6551,Species) :: ['Mytilus trossulus']


abstract: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition represents the most efficacious treatment approach for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) to date. This multiple-dose study has examined the relationship between inhibition of @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and @entity73 (measured by the Computerised Neuropsychological Test Battery [CNTB]) following administration of the ChE inhibitor, @entity11544 ( @entity11544 ). In 18 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 , CNTB scores, activities of @entity10810 and BuChE in the CSF, and plasma BuChE activity were determined prior to treatment with @entity11544 . Doses of @entity11544 were then titrated (1 mg b.i.d./week) to final doses of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 mg b.i.d. (n = 3 per dose). Following treatment with the target dose of @entity11544 for at least 3 days, CNTB scores were re-determined. CSF samples were continuously collected together with plasma samples prior to and for 12 hours after the final dose of @entity11544 , and @entity10810 and BuChE activities determined. @entity10810 in CSF and BuChE in plasma were dose-dependently inhibited by @entity11544 treatment. The inhibition of BuChE in CSF was not clearly dose-dependent. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the change in CNTB summary score and inhibition of @entity10810 activity (r = -0.56, p < 0.05) and BuChE activity (r = -0.65, p < 0.01) in CSF. Improvement in speed-, attention- and memory-related subtests of the CNTB correlated significantly with inhibition of BuChE but not @entity10810 activity in CSF. Weak or absent correlation with change in cognitive performance was noted for inhibition of plasma BuChE. These results indicate that cognitive improvement with @entity11544 in @entity195 is associated with central inhibition of ChEs and support a role for central BuChE in addition to @entity10810 inhibition in modulating cholinergic function in @entity195 .

title: Inhibition of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase in the cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity195 by @entity11544 : correlation with cognitive benefit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive change']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine', 'Exelon']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists on the impact of bilaterality of @entity0 on survival. We used population-based data to compare survival of @entity1 with unilateral versus @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: At the Geneva @entity5 registry, we identified all 7,912 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1970 and 2002. @entity0 were categorized as unilateral, synchronous bilateral ( @entity5 diagnosed within six months after the first @entity5 ) and metachronous bilateral ( @entity5 diagnosed over six months after the first @entity5 ). With multivariate modelling we compared characteristics and survival between @entity1 with @entity66 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5 (n = 155, 2.0%) had more often lobular histology and less frequently stage I disease than @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1 with metachronous @entity0 (n = 219, 2.8%) received less often chemotherapy or hormone therapy for their first @entity5 . Ten-year disease-specific survival was similar (66%) after unilateral and metachronous @entity0 , but worse after @entity5 (51%). After adjustment, @entity0 mortality risks were not significantly increased for @entity1 with either synchronous or metachronous bilateral disease (Hazard ratios 1.1 (0.8-1.5) and 0.8 (0.5-1.4), respectively). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study indicates that bilaterality of @entity0 is not associated with impaired survival.

title: Survival after XXXX : results from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous bilateral tumours', 'contralateral tumour', 'cancer', 'synchronous bilateral cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancers', 'bilateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral disease', 'unilateral and bilateral disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['bilateral breast cancer']