abstract: Axial loading of the foot/ankle complex is an important injury mechanism in vehicular @entity130 that is responsible for severe @entity130 such as @entity174 . Axial loading may be applied to the leg externally, by the toepan and/or pedals, as well as internally, by active muscle tension applied through the Achilles tendon during pre-impact bracing. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Achilles tension on @entity174 mode and to empirically model the axial loading tolerance of the foot/ankle complex. Blunt axial impact tests were performed on forty-three (43) isolated lower extremities with and without experimentally simulated Achilles tension. The primary @entity174 mode was calcaneal @entity174 in both groups. However, @entity174 initiated at the distal tibia more frequently with the addition of Achilles tension (p < 0.05). @entity5513 mounted to the bone demonstrated that @entity174 initiated at the time of peak local axial force. A survival analysis was performed on the injury data set using a Weibull regression model with specimen age, gender, body mass, and peak Achilles tension as predictor variables (R2 = 0.90). A closed-form survivor function was developed to predict the risk of @entity174 to the foot/ankle complex in terms of axial tibial force. The axial tibial force associated with a 50% risk of injury ranged from 3.7 kN for a 65 year-old 5th percentile female to 8.3 kN for a 45 year-old 50th percentile male, assuming no Achilles tension. The survivor function presented here may be used to estimate the risk of foot/ @entity1171 that a blunt axial impact would pose to a @entity1 based on the peak tibial axial force measured by an anthropomorphic test device.

title: The axial injury tolerance of the XXXX foot/ankle complex and the effect of Achilles tension.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic sensors']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'calcaneal and tibial pilon fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate meat intake patterns in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts. DESIGN AND SETTING: 24-Hour dietary recalls were assessed within the framework of a prospective cohort study in 27 centres across 10 European countries by means of standardised computer-assisted interviews. SUBJECTS: In total, 22 924 @entity1 and 13 031 @entity1 aged 35-74 years. RESULTS: Mean total meat intake was lowest in the 'health-conscious' cohort in the UK (15 and 21 g day-1 in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively) and highest in the north of Spain, especially in San Sebastian (124 and 234 g day-1, respectively). In the southern Spanish centres and in Naples (Italy), meat consumption was distinctly lower than in the north of these countries. Central and northern European centres/countries showed rather similar meat consumption patterns, except for the British and French cohorts. Differences in the intake of meat sub-groups (e.g. red meat, processed meat) across EPIC were even higher than found for total meat intake. With a few exceptions, the Mediterranean EPIC centres revealed a higher proportion of beef/veal and poultry and less pork or processed meat than observed in central or northern European centres. The highest sausage consumption was observed for the German EPIC @entity1 , followed by the Norwegians, Swedish, Danish and Dutch. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate distinct differences in meat consumption patterns between EPIC centres across Europe. This is an important prerequisite for obtaining further insight into the relationship between meat intake and the development of @entity102 .

title: Meat consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts: results from 24-hour dietary recalls.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy is the mainstay of treatment for @entity1 with @entity320 . As survival outcomes improve, longer term quality of life questions become more pertinent and this study aims to assess the factors which may play a role following surgery. A total of, 221 @entity1 who underwent wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy for @entity320 (AJCC stage I and II) were recruited from three UK centres. These @entity1 completed a @entity1 outcome questionnaire, which included demographic and treatment data as well as quality of life and @entity158 questionnaires. @entity158 was the only significant factor influencing the quality of life with a negative correlation seen between @entity158 and quality of life scores (P<0.001). In total, 34% of @entity1 reported @entity158 at their surgical site and four (1.8%) @entity1 scored as high risk for @entity9 . @entity1 experiencing @entity158 were significantly younger that those not reporting @entity158 (median 55.0 vs. 63.5 years, P<0.001). Length of time since surgery did not correlate with @entity158 nor quality of life scores. Our results suggest that following this common procedure a sizeable proportion of @entity1 experience @entity158 and poorer quality of life which does not improve with time. The level of @entity158 experienced is clinically significant and merits evaluation and treatment in this group of @entity1 who are increasingly surviving their @entity320 diagnosis. Further investigation into potential prophylactic measures is suggested.

title: @entity9 and quality of life after wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy for XXXX : a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4177 is the most common primary @entity96 affecting @entity1 and young @entity1 . Recent clinical experience with advanced @entity4177 shows that a reliable in vivo model to study the @entity5 's response to drugs is needed urgently. METHODS: @entity4177 cell suspensions from three @entity1 were transplanted subcutaneously into NMRI @entity19 (nu/nu). One of the @entity5 was a embryonal multifocal @entity4177 , whereas the other @entity5 were @entity2241 localized to one liver lobe. The xenograft @entity5 resembled their original @entity5 histologically and produced high levels of @entity160 . The @entity19 who received the @entity5 were given @entity1260 , @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 as single agents. Thereafter, the @entity5 growth rate and @entity160 levels in the animal sera were measured before and after chemotherapy and compared with the control group. After chemotherapy, the @entity5 were studied by conventional histology. RESULTS: The @entity5 in the @entity19 derived from the multifocal @entity4177 reacted minimally against four of the five cytotoxic agents, whereas @entity900 reduced the @entity5 volume significantly. There was a marked reduction in @entity5 volume in the other @entity5 after application of @entity900 and @entity632 , respectively. The @entity5 displayed a moderate reduction in size after treatment with @entity1260 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 . The responses to the different cytostatic agents also corresponded with serum @entity160 levels and mitotic rates in the @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an in vivo model for analyzing the effects of chemotherapy on @entity4177 has been established. The animal model may be suited for the evaluation of new drugs for the treatment of @entity4177 and for the investigation of multidrug resistance mechanisms in @entity4177 .

title: Comparative activity of @entity900 , @entity1260 , @entity632 , @entity3003 , and XXXX in heterotransplanted @entity4177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal/fetal hepatoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoblastoma', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2 Background: RANK is a @entity5 necrosis factor receptor family protein that is @entity79 . The ligand to RANK (RANKL) can induce metastases from RANK-expressing @entity5 cells, and treatment with a RANKL inhibitor can reduce @entity0 metastases (mets) in pre-clinical models and there is an FDA approved drug that targets RANKL. @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) is a RANKL decoy receptor that blocks the interaction of RANK/RANKL. I- @entity60899 was a multicenter neoadjuvant trial with well annotated gene expression data and detailed clinical outcomes; we studied the impact of RANK expression on both @entity1349 and @entity79 . METHODS: @entity2159 /RANK/RANKL pathway expression in core biopsies was evaluated at diagnosis in @entity1 (pts) on I- @entity60899 , then correlated with ER, intrinsic subtype, stage, response to chemotherapy, site of mets and @entity1349 using the student t-test. RESULTS: Gene arrays were performed on pretreatment @entity5 from 221 pts; 149 pts have available data with n being ER+. At a median follow-up of 3.5 yrs, 36 pts developed recurrence; 13 pts had @entity79 , 15 had non-bone mets (NBDM), and 8 pts were not evaluable. RANK, but not @entity2159 or RANKL, was more highly expressed in ER- vs ER+ @entity5 (p=0.04) and in basal vs luminal A/B subtypes (p= 0.04), but no difference in expression based on @entity5 grade, node status or response to chemotherapy. Higher (>50%) RANK and lower (<50%) @entity2159 expression correlated with worse @entity1349 (p=0.03). Pts who developed @entity79 had higher expression of RANK, but not RANKL or @entity2159 compared those with NBDM (p=0.05). After adjusting for ER and intrinsic subtypes, RANK expression was even more significantly correlated with risk for @entity79 (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Higher RANK and lower @entity2159 expression in primary @entity5 tissue correlates with poor @entity1349 , and high RANK expression is associated with increased risk for @entity79 . These data suggests that targeting the @entity2159 /RANK/RANKL pathway could be a promising strategy in preventing @entity79 in pts with high risk @entity0 .

title: Correlation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b (RANK) expression in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) at the time of diagnosis with XXXX ( @entity1349 ) and risk of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the I- @entity60899 trial (CALGB 150007/150012; ACRIN 6657).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['critical to bone turnover', 'BDM']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['Osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['recurrence-free survival']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Exhaled CO level provides an objective measure of a @entity1 's smoking status. The relationship between CO levels and @entity1239 @entity734 is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between exhaled CO levels and @entity1239 @entity734 as well as to demonstrate that exhaled CO levels may be used as a marker of @entity1239 @entity734 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-nine @entity1 (132 females, 157 males) were included in the study. Smoking duration, the age of smoking initiation, exhaled CO levels, and Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 ( @entity17378 ) scores were recorded. The relationship between @entity17378 scores and exhaled CO levels was investigated. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation between @entity17378 score and exhaled CO levels (P < 0.001). We found that a cut-off score of 7.5 ppm for exhaled CO may be useful as a marker for heavy smoking. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off score for exhaled CO was 69.3% and 49.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found that exhaled CO levels significantly correlated with @entity17378 scores. For @entity1 who are unable to provide reliable answers to questions in the @entity17378 , exhaled CO measurements may be used as an alternative test for estimating the status of heavy smoking.

title: Exhaled carbon monoxide is a marker of heavy @entity1239 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery for @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity418 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity418 were entered into a Phase II study between November 1996 and October 1998 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center. @entity1 initially received two cycles of chemotherapy with @entity1311 (200 mg/m(2)), @entity1487 (750 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days), and @entity900 (15 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days), followed by chemoradiotherapy, consisting of radiation (45 Gy during 5 weeks) with @entity1487 (300 mg/m(2)/d during radiation) and @entity900 (15 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days). Surgical resection was performed 4-6 weeks after the completion of the chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Most @entity1 had @entity420 (n = 32; 84%). Pretreatment endoscopic ultrasonography revealed T3 @entity5 in 33 @entity1 (87%) and N1 disease in 25 @entity1 (66%). Thirty-seven @entity1 (97%) completed the planned chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, and 35 @entity1 (92%) underwent surgery, with a 30-day mortality rate of 6% (2 of 35 @entity1 ). A pathologic complete response or microscopic @entity189 (<10% viable) was found in 25 (71%) of 35 @entity1 and was associated with a disease-free survival rate of 72% at 3 years and 51% at 5 years. On the basis of an intention-to-treat analysis and a median potential follow-up of 58 months, the 3- and 5-year overall survival rate for all 38 @entity1 was 63% and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The long-term results of this study suggest that the strategy of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy and surgery is safe and warrants further evaluation in the treatment of @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity418 .

title: Long-term outcome of phase II trial evaluating chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery for locoregionally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed at evaluating the degree of standardisation of HbA1c and @entity413 testing across accredited laboratories in India. METHODS: The information declared on the scope of testing by 147 medical laboratories accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) across India was used by the authors for this study (http://www.nabl-india.org). This information on the scope of testing is available within the public domain and is accessible through the NABL website and covered laboratories accredited between 2009 and 2012. We focussed on HbA1c and @entity413 tests offered by laboratories and documented the way tests were named, the methodologies used and the degree of confidence in testing based on the coefficient of variation (CV). The data was independently reviewed by two medical biochemists and then subjected to analysis. RESULTS: Although the @entity413 test appeared to be ubiquitous, HbA1c assays appeared on the scope of testing in 87.1% of the laboratories. The HbA1c tests however appear to be poorly standardised across laboratories. We noted gross differences in test nomenclature, methodology and analytical performance across laboratories. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies that has focussed on the standards of laboratory care for @entity6 management in India. The study highlights the lack of standardisation in nomenclature, analytical performance and methodology of tests used for HbA1c in NABL accredited laboratories across India. Affirmative actions in terms of improved regulation, @entity1 advocacy, further studies on impact of laboratory quality and education of physicians, healthcare providers, laboratorians may improve harmonisation and quality of @entity1 care in @entity6 in India.

title: An assessment of standardisation of HbA1c testing across clinical laboratories in India and its impact on XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT), together with @entity1294 , is the most important indication for @entity4044 extract (EGb). The therapeutic efficacy of this extract is founded on neuroprotective, metabolic and rheological effects. In addition to these mechanisms--which also form the basis of the activity of the older synthetic nootropics--the hypothesis that DAT is due to a " @entity51 " at central synapses has led, over the last decade, to the development of a new group of drugs for this indication, the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors. Thus nowadays, EGb is competing, on the synthetic side, with the ChE inhibitors @entity2445 , @entity8124 , @entity11544 and @entity11545 . No direct comparative trials have been undertaken, but long-term studies lasting 24-56 weeks to demonstrate efficacy have been carried out with both groups of substances in accordance with current EU guidelines. To date, only one psychometric scale has gained general acceptance as the primary criterion of efficacy, namely the cognitive subscale of the @entity195 Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), whose scores range from 0 to 70 (the lower the better). The initial scores of @entity1 in the trials were between 20 and 30; the improvements after 6 months treatment (less those seen with placebo) were about 2 points under @entity4044 extract and 2 to 4 points with the ChE inhibitors. However, the relatively small differences are called into question by the occurrence of drug-specific side effects with the ChE inhibitors. Unlike the treatment with EGb, up to 90% of the @entity1 given the ChE inhibitors developed @entity390 and @entity391 , so there is a suspicion that methodological reasons in the sense of an "unblinding" of the treatment groups caused the apparent superiority in the intensity of the effect. In addition, the benefits of treatment were rapidly reversed after ending administration of ChE inhibitors, which did not occur to the same extent with EGb. @entity137 are more than 10 times more common with the ChE inhibitors and the treatment costs about five times higher than with EGb. Given the limited therapeutic options for DAT, treatment with EGb still appears to be the method of choice compared to the ChE inhibitors.

title: XXXX extract or cholinesterase inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity303 : what clinical trials and guidelines fail to consider.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic deficit']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo', 'Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection is one of the most devastating complications after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Antibiotics-impregnated cement has been used and proven effective in preventing @entity281 . This study was to evaluate the long-term results of using @entity2261 -impregnated cement and systemic @entity7048 for one week to assess their efficacy in preventing infection of primary TKA. METHODS: From 1999 to 2007, 2700 cases of primary TKA were performed with cemented fixation of all patellar, tibial, and femoral components. @entity2261 -impregnated cement for fixation and systemic @entity7048 for one week were selected in all cases. The average follow-up period was 89 months (range, 40-140). The effects of this selected regime in the @entity281 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of eight @entity281 occurred after primary TKA, including five @entity281 (0.19%) and three superficial @entity281 (0.11%) in the 2700 knees. No loosening or @entity3061 was noted. CONCLUSION: Comparable with other measurements, @entity2261 -impregnated cement, accompany by systemic @entity7048 for 1 week was shown to control postoperative @entity281 to 0.19% (after primary TKA was performed in an operative setting without lamina flow and body exhaust suit).

title: @entity2261 -impregnated cement and systemic XXXX for 1 week in primary total knee arthroplasty: an evaluation of 2700 knees.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefuroxime', 'cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic infection', 'infections', 'deep infection', 'deep infections']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['cefazolin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies attempting to identify predictors of antidepressant response in @entity1 with major @entity308 have reported inconsistent results. One explanation may be the different definitions of outcome used. METHODS: 187 @entity308 subjects were recruited and were randomised to treatment with @entity905 and @entity5080 . At baseline and 6 weeks, subjects completed Hamilton Depression Rating Scale @entity3831 -17 and 27, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) as well as the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Relationships among outcome measures were assessed. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC curves) were used to show the diagnostic ability of the MADRS and @entity3831 in predicting the clinician's rating. RESULTS: All outcome measures were moderately to highly correlated. All measures were significantly related to the clinician's global impression, but the strongest associations were with the MADRS score. Using ROC curves we showed that a score of 8 on the @entity3831 or 14 on the MADRS was the optimal compromise between sensitivity and specificity in dividing this sample into responders and non-responders. A 60% reduction in @entity3831 and MADRS scores rather than a 50% reduction appeared the most valid division between responders and non-responders. LIMITATIONS: We relied on clinician judgement as the validating criterion. The results only apply to a sample of moderately @entity308 outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The MADRS score seemed to most accurately reflect a clinician's impression of change. Dividing a sample into responders and non-responders can be approached empirically.

title: Relationships among measures of treatment outcome in @entity308 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Introduction. The risk of @entity65 is increased in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). A meta-analysis showed increased @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in @entity309 . It has been shown that disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may influence the progression of @entity731 . However, it was suggested that biologics may be more efficient than other DMARDs (including @entity1499 - @entity6822 ) in protecting against @entity731 . Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different @entity309 characteristics and treatment regimens on @entity121 and @entity731 . @entity1 and Methods. 317 @entity309 @entity1 and 111 controls were included in the study. @entity121 was measured in carotid (CIMT) and femoral (FIMT) arteries. Arteries were screened for the presence of plaques. Results. CIMT, FIMT, and prevalence of plaques were lower in @entity1 treated with @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) >=  20   mg/wk, @entity205 ( @entity9472 ), or biologics than in @entity1 treated with lower doses of @entity6822 and other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. No differences in @entity121 between @entity1 treated with @entity6822 >=  20   mg/wk, biologics, or @entity9472 were found. Conclusions. We found a beneficial effect of @entity6822 >=  20   mg/wk, biologics, and @entity9472 on @entity731 . We do not confirm a stronger influence of biologics on @entity121 compared with therapeutic doses of @entity6822 .

title: @entity1499 , @entity205 , and Biologics Protect against @entity731 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial function is a prognostic predictor in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, in an era with widespread use of drug-eluting stents, the clinical relevance of @entity409 on restenosis in @entity1 undergoing PCI has not been fully evaluated. METHODS: This study included 80 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery was examined 1 week after PCI. @entity1 were retrospectively followed-up for an average of 21 months after PCI. The primary endpoints included @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , coronary revascularization, and @entity63 . RESULTS: A drug-eluting stent was used in 58 @entity1 and a cardiovascular event was recorded in 34 @entity1 during follow-up. The incidence of all @entity65 was significantly greater in the low @entity384 (median @entity384 <4.2 %) than the high @entity384 (median @entity384 >= 4.2 %) group (60 % vs. 25 %, p <0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of coronary revascularization was significantly higher in the low than the high @entity384 group (p   =   0.02), while the incidence of in-stent restenosis did not differ between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that low @entity384 was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.77, 95 % confidence interval: 1.23 to 6.19, p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired brachial artery @entity384 independently predicts long-term cardiovascular events after PCI in the era of drug-eluting stents.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of drug-eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and activity of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent cetuximab, @entity416 , and @entity901 in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity3214 or N+, M1 allowed) entered the trial at five investigator sites; the data from 58 @entity1 were assessable. Cetuximab was given as an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 7 days before the start of RT, and then at 250 mg/m2 once weekly during RT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions). @entity416 and @entity901 were administered according to an established schedule of @entity901 (50 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 22, and 29) and @entity416 (Days 1-14 and 22-35) at three dose levels: 1,000, 1,300, and 1,650 mg/m2/d during the Phase I part of the study. The main endpoint of the Phase II was the pathologic complete response rate. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were included in the Phase I part of the study, and the maximal tolerated dose was not reached. Overall, 48 @entity1 were treated at the recommended dose of @entity416 (1,650 mg/m2) and 45 @entity1 (94%) underwent surgery. A pathologic complete response was observed in 4 @entity1 (9%), and moderate (n=12), minimal (n=10), and no @entity5 regression (n=2) was noted in 24 (53%) of 45 @entity1 . The mean radiation dose intensity, cetuximab, @entity416 , @entity901 was 98%, 95%, 94%, and 94%, respectively. The incidence of Grade 3-4 @entity294 was restricted to 19%. @entity260 of any grade occurred in 33% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that cetuximab can be combined safely with @entity416 and @entity901 plus RT. The low pathologic complete response rate achieved should stimulate additional preclinical investigations to establish the best sequence of triple combinations.

title: Phase I-II trial of cetuximab, XXXX , @entity901 , and radiotherapy as preoperative treatment in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated @entity56 is a mechanism suggested to explain adverse reactions to buckwheat. This is the first reported case in the United States of a @entity1 who developed @entity565 and worsening @entity2023 after exposure to a buckwheat pillow. OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 who developed @entity565 and worsening @entity2023 after exposure to a buckwheat pillow and to provide evidence that the adverse reaction was IgE-mediated. METHODS: The @entity1 underwent skin prick and ImmunoCAP testing (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Kalamazoo, MI) to buckwheat as well as skin prick testing to several environmental allergens. RESULTS: The @entity1 showed a 4+ skin prick test response to buckwheat. He also showed 4+ positive skin prick responses to multiple trees, grasses, and weeds, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, @entity235 , and @entity112 control and was 3+ positive to house-dust mites, Penicillium, Aspergillus, cat, and feather mix. His negative control was negative. His ImmunoCAP test for buckwheat-specific IgE was class 4, or strongly positive. He had normal spirometry values. Performance of house-dust mite avoidance measures did not result in improvement of the @entity1 's symptoms. Removal of the @entity1 's two buckwheat pillows resulted in resolution of his @entity565 and improvement of @entity2490 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The positive skin prick and ImmunoCAP test to buckwheat along with the positive clinical response to buckwheat pillow elimination support an IgE-mediated mechanism in explaining our @entity1 's buckwheat pillow-induced @entity565 and @entity2023 .

title: Buckwheat pillow-induced XXXX and @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the refractive outcome and the @entity282 and corneal haze following laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for the treatment of low to moderate @entity1714 . METHODS: A monocentric prospective noncomparative study was started in June 2000, after informed consent was obtained from @entity1 with a @entity6110 of less than -5 diopters (D). This study actually was part of another prospective comparative study where the contralateral eye underwent photorefractive keratectomy. An epithelial debridement was performed using diluted @entity1068 , the epithelial flap was lifted, photoablation was performed, the flap was put back in place, and secured by a bandage contact lens. The refractive outcome was assessed, and @entity282 and haze were graded using an analogical visual scale from 0 to 10 and a scale of 0 to 4, respectively. RESULTS: We included 17 eyes of 16 @entity1 . LASEK was performed successfully in 15 eyes (88.2%). One of these eyes could not be assessed for the refractive outcome and postoperative haze because the epithelial flap was torn during contact lens removal. The mean @entity282 level during the night following the procedure was 5.7+/-2.0. The mean preoperative @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ) was -2.5+/-1.0 D, and after a 2-month follow-up, the mean postoperative @entity6110 was +0.26+/-0.6 D. Twelve eyes (85.7%) and 10 eyes (71.4%) were within +/-1.0 D and +/-0.5 D from the attempted correction, respectively. The corneal haze grade was less than 1 in 12 eyes (85.7%) and equal to 1 in two eyes (14.3%). No complications and no loss of postoperative best-corrected visual acuity were noted. CONCLUSIONS: LASEK appears to be a reliable and reproducible technique for the treatment of @entity1714 -associated @entity6110 of less than -5 D. @entity282 is moderate and flap-related complications of LASIK are avoided.

title: [Laser epithelial keratomileusis for the treatment of low to moderate XXXX : preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalent']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity39632 ( @entity39632 ) hydrogel helps maintain the three-dimensional (3-D) cochlear structure in culture. BACKGROUND: Whole-organ culture of the cochlea is a useful model system facilitating manipulation and analysis of live sensory cells and surrounding nonsensory cells. The precisely organized 3-D cochlear structure demands a culture method that preserves this delicate architecture; however, current methods have not been optimized to serve such a purpose. METHODS: A protein-engineered @entity39632 hydrogel was used to encapsulate organ of Corti isolated from neonatal @entity19 . Cultured cochleae were immunostained for markers of hair cells and supporting cells. Organ of Corti hair cell and supporting cell density and organ dimensions were compared between the @entity39632 and nonencapsulated systems. These culture systems were then compared with noncultured cochlea. RESULTS: After 3 days in vitro, vital dye uptake and immunostaining for sensory and nonsensory cells show that encapsulated cochlea contain viable cells with an organized architecture. In comparison with nonencapsulated cultured cochlea, @entity39632 -encapsulated cochleae exhibit higher densities of hair cells and supporting cells and taller and narrower organ of Corti dimensions that more closely resemble those of noncultured cochleae. However, we found compromised cell viability when the culture period extended beyond 3 days. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the @entity39632 hydrogel can help preserve the 3-D architecture of neonatal cochlea in short-term culture, which may be applicable to in vitro study of the physiology and pathophysiology of the inner ear.

title: Protein-Engineered Hydrogel Encapsulation for 3-D Culture of XXXX Cochlea.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 cases of @entity9673 have been reported annually in Poland's Podkarpackie province, since 2007. In 2014 the number of cases reported significantly increased prompting a rise in studies focusing on the @entity281 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, maintenance and the dynamics of hanta- virus @entity281 among rodent species, including the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and yellow-necked @entity19 (Apodemus flavicollis) which act as reservoirs of hantavirus in the environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rodent capture was carried out on seven research grids in the Podkarpackie province, from summer 2010 to spring 2012. They were caught in live-capture traps used in accordance with the protocol CMR (Catch-Mark-Release). The population was estimated as MNA (Minimum Number Alive). Blood samples were collected for serological testing on live animals by puncture of saphenous vein. In order to determine the @entity9673 we used ReaScan Ab-Dect Puumala IgG - Reagena   for bank voles, and for @entity19 ELISA - @entity19 Hanta Virus Test ELISA Kit (Version with Control Antigen Wells) - BioCat GmbH  . The relationship between age, gender, seasons, population size and prevalence of @entity9673 was tested by Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test and by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 854 rodents were captured: 222 bank voles, 592 yellow-necked @entity19 , 4 common voles and 36 striped field @entity19 . Of these, 564 were tested. The presence of specific anti-hantavirus was found in 9.7% of bank voles and 9.5% of yellow-necked @entity19 . There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of @entity281 between the groups of male and female yellow-necked @entity19 as well as in the groups of adult group in both species. The dynamics of spread of @entity9673 was clearly evident in the studied area of Sanok. The correlation coefficient between the number of individuals caught and the prevalence of @entity9673 in yellow-necked @entity19 was -0,87 but for the bank vole it was 0,76. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that @entity9673 among yellow- necked @entity19 and bank voles are unevenly distributed in certain hot spots, vary over time, and are most in the spring season. In addition, differences observed in the dynamics of @entity281 depended on the species of animal hosts. It would be advisable to conduct long-term study, which would allow for a risk assessment of the possibility of turning the spot located outbreaks into endemic area of hantavirus occurrence. KEY WORDS: hantavirus, Poland, Myodes glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis, Dobrava, Puumala.

title: Occurrence and maintenance of XXXX among rodent populations in their natural habitat - results of a field study from podkarpackie province, Poland 2010-2012.

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity9673 :: (MESH:D018778,Disease) :: ['hantavirus infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study dietary intake and serum concentrations of @entity6400 in order to provide relative validation of @entity3093 intake estimates from the Scottish Collaborative Group - Food-Frequency Questionnaire (SCG-FFQ). DESIGN: Validation study. SETTING: Southern Scotland. METHOD: Dietary intake of @entity6400 was estimated using the semiquantitative SCG-FFQ and rank correlation and Kappa statistics were used for the relative validation of intakes against serum @entity3093 concentrations in 203 male @entity1 who were population controls in a case-control study of diet and @entity263 . RESULTS: The median intake of @entity6400 ( @entity8139 and @entity670 ) was 1.0mg/day (l-QR 0.6-1.8). The median serum concentration of @entity670 was 33.79 nmol/l (I-QR 14.12-64.93), nearly twice that of @entity8139 (18.00 nmol/l, I-QR 8.26-29.45). @entity20788 was detected in 49% of subjects; in these subjects the median was 0.67 nmol/l (I-QR 0.34-1.51). @entity3093 intake was significantly correlated with serum concentrations of @entity8139 (p = 0.24, P = 0.001), @entity670 (p = 0.26, P < 0.001) and total @entity24826 (sum of @entity8139 , @entity670 and equol) ( p = 0.27, P < 0.001). Whereas values for weighted Kappa ranged from 0.16 (P = 0.002) for @entity8139 and @entity20788 combined to 0.22 (P < 0.001) for @entity670 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the suitability of the SCG-FFQ to rank usual @entity3093 intakes in older Scottish @entity1 , a population observed to have low consumption of soy foods.

title: Phyto-oestrogen intake in Scottish XXXX : use of serum to validate a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity24826 :: ('CHEBI:50753', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavonoids']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone', 'Isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ) is a resource to the medical physics community for assistance regarding dosimetry procedures. Since the publication of the AAPM @entity52616 calibration protocol, the @entity4270 has responded to numerous phone calls raising questions and describing areas in the protocol where physicists have had problems. At the beginning of the year 2000, the @entity4270 requested that institutions participating in national clinical trials provide the change in measured beam output resulting from the conversion from the TG-21 protocol to @entity52616 . So far, the @entity4270 has received the requested data from approximately 150 of the approximately 1300 institutions in the @entity4270 program. The @entity4270 also undertook a comparison of TG-21 and @entity52616 and determined the expected change in beam calibration for ion chambers in common use, and for the range of photon and electron beam energies used clinically. Analysis of these data revealed two significant outcomes: (i) a large number (approximately 1/2) of the reported calibration changes for photon and electron beams were outside the @entity4270 's expected values, and (ii) the discrepancies in the reported versus the expected dose changes were as large as 8%. Numerous factors were determined to have contributed to these deviations. The most significant factors involved the use of plane-parallel chambers, the mixing of phantom materials and chambers between the two protocols, and the inconsistent use of depth-dose factors for transfer of dose from the measurement depth to the depth of dose maximum. In response to these observations, the @entity4270 has identified a number of circumstances in which physicists might have difficulty with the protocol, including concerns related to electron calibration at low energies (R50<2 cm), and the use of a cylindrical chamber at 6 MeV electrons. In addition, helpful quantitative hints are presented, including the effect of the prescribed lead filter for photon energy measurements, the impact of shifting the chamber depth for photon depth-dose measurements, and the impact of updated stopping-power data used in @entity52616 versus that used in TG-21, particularly for electron calibrations.

title: XXXX : experience from 150 institutions, common errors, and helpful hints.

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Radiological Physics Center', 'RPC']

answer: @entity52616 :: (MESH:C045302,Chemical) :: ['TG-51']


abstract: We have used @entity2608 embryonic stem (ES) cells to study endothelial cell development. Rhesus ES cells (R366.4 cell line) exposed to medium containing @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) assumed a relatively uniform endothelial cell morphology and could be propagated and expanded with a consistent phenotype and normal karyotype. When placed in Matrigel, these rhesus ES cell-derived endothelial cells (RESDECs) formed capillary-like structures characteristic of endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis of RESDECs showed that they take up acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), express @entity24257 , @entity2880 factor, and the @entity10139 , and bind the lectin ulex europaeus agglutinin-1. These cells also express the @entity1611 receptor @entity11132 and secrete @entity1611 . When introduced in a Matrigel plug implanted subcutaneously in @entity19 , RESDECs formed intact vessels and recruited new endothelial cell growth. In vivo function was demonstrated by coinjection of RESDECs with @entity19 @entity5 cells subcutaneously into immunocompromised adult @entity19 . RESDECs injected alone did not form measurable @entity5 . @entity5 cells grew more rapidly and had increased vascularization when coinjected with the RESDECs. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the RESDECs participated in forming the @entity5 neovasculature. RESDECs provide a novel means to examine the mechanisms of endothelial cell development, and may open up new therapeutic strategies.

title: Functional endothelial cells derived from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate visual performance and resolution through night vision goggles (NVG) before and after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial. @entity1 : Nineteen @entity1 (38 eyes) of active-duty US Army Special Forces soldiers. INTERVENTION: PRK for @entity1714 and @entity940 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity with best optical correction was measured preoperatively and postoperatively (3 months) using acuity charts of various contrast (100%, 10%, 2.5%, 1.25%). Preoperative and postoperative (3 month) uncorrected and best-corrected visual resolutions through NVGs were assessed using a high contrast tribar chart presented at four light levels (3.44 x 10(-3), 1.08 x 10(-3), 1.04 x 10(-4), 1.09 x 10(-5) foot Lamberts) simulating a range of night sky conditions. Subjects were trained before testing. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity at the 3-month postoperative assessment was greater than or equal to 20/20 in 33 of 38 (86.8%) eyes. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative best-corrected low-contrast acuity measurements showed no significant differences at all levels of resolution. Preoperative visual resolution through NVGs decreased systematically with decreasing night sky condition. Visual acuities before PRK were reduced without optical correction. Postoperative visual performance with NVGs (without optical correction) equaled or exceeded performance preoperatively with best correction. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective case series provides data on the safety and efficacy of PRK with respect to visual performance under night sky conditions using NVGs. There was no significant @entity227 across a range of contrast levels 3 months postoperatively. There was no change in best-corrected NVG visual resolution postoperatively, whereas uncorrected visual resolution was significantly enhanced compared with preoperative levels. This improvement may translate into better function for soldiers who are unable to or choose not to use optical correction in operational environments.

title: Visual performance with night vision goggles after photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['loss of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this study, we compare the performance of pretreatment Alberta @entity64 Program Early Computed Tomographic scoring (ASPECTS) using noncontrast CT (NCCT) and MRI in a large endovascular therapy cohort. METHODS: Prospectively enrolled @entity1 underwent baseline NCCT and MRI and started endovascular therapy within 12 hours of @entity64 onset. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were evaluable pretreatment NCCT, @entity353 ( @entity353 ), and 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores. Two expert readers graded ischemic change on NCCT and @entity353 using the ASPECTS. ASPECTS scores were analyzed with the full scale or were trichotomized (0-4 versus 5-7 versus 8-10) or dichotomized (0-7 versus 8-10). Good functional outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 fulfilled our study criteria. The full-scale inter-rater agreement for CT-ASPECTS and @entity353 -ASPECTS was 0.579 and 0.867, respectively. @entity353 -ASPECTS correlated with functional outcome (P=0.004), whereas CT-ASPECTS did not (P=0.534). Both @entity353 -ASPECTS and CT-ASPECTS correlated with @entity353 volume. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that @entity353 -ASPECTS outperformed both CT-ASPECTS and the time interval between symptom onset and start of the procedure for predicting good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score,  <=2) and @entity353 volume >= 70 mL. CONCLUSION: Inter-rater agreement for @entity353 -ASPECTS was superior to that for CT-ASPECTS. @entity353 -ASPECTS outperformed NCCT ASPECTS for predicting functional outcome at 90 days.

title: Alberta @entity64 Program Early Computed Tomographic Scoring Performance in a Series of XXXX Undergoing Computed Tomography and MRI: Reader Agreement, Modality Agreement, and Outcome Prediction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted MRI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This qualitative study explored the reproductive decision-making process in individuals at 50% risk for @entity7104 ( @entity7104 ) from families with a known genetic mutation. We spoke with 10 individuals utilizing a semi-structured interview. @entity1 had a first-degree relative with @entity7104 , made reproductive decisions in the past 30 years and did not know their genetic status during decision-making. We delineated themes emerging in individuals who chose to have @entity1 , those who chose not to have @entity1 , and themes describing the process in general. Results showed that those who chose to have @entity1 believed that regardless of disease, life is productive. They compared @entity2655 relatively favorably to other diseases, always planned on having @entity1 , and hoped for a cure. Individuals who chose not to have @entity1 had extensive experience with @entity2655 and caretaking, saw @entity2655 as an inevitable tragedy, and avoided serious relationships. In consultation with partners, individuals considered other reproductive options. Conversations varied in length, and often strengthened relationships. @entity1 experiencing @entity204 of a parent was a primary concern. In conclusion, the reproductive decision-making process is complex. Results can guide future research and provide direction for healthcare professionals when discussing the family planning process and prior to predictive genetic testing.

title: Reproductive decision-making among individuals at risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7104 :: ('MESH:C531617', 'Disease') :: ['FALS', 'familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity7104 :: (MESH:C531617,Disease) :: ['familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation program in the treatment of @entity4340 . BACKGROUND: Conservative management strategies for @entity2585 (syndrome) have not been well documented in the literature. This study relates the outcome of an exercise program ( @entity717 exercises and stretching) to address clinical deficiencies observed in @entity4340 . METHODS AND MEASURES: A retrospective chart review and phone follow-up were done to determine @entity158 and activity limitation for 9 @entity1 (mean age, 35.6 +/- 12.7 years; 8 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) before and after application of the rehabilitation program. As a group, symptoms of @entity4340 were present for a mean of 12.6 (+/- 18.4) months prior to diagnosis and rehabilitation. Activity restrictions related to presenting symptoms were measured using a 4-point ordinal scale (from a score of 1 [ @entity158 and unable to do sport] to a score of 4 [ @entity158 -free, full activity]). RESULTS: @entity158 and function improvement occurred in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity1 . Five @entity1 improved by at least 2 @entity158 /activity levels at the time of follow-up (13.2 +/- 9.8 months following diagnosis); all but 2 @entity1 were able to return to full activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives preliminary evidence that a specific exercise regimen incorporating @entity717 might improve function and reduce @entity158 for @entity1 with @entity4340 .

title: Treatment of @entity4340 with a XXXX strengthening program: a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['iliopsoas syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['iliopsoas bursitis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['hip rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['hip rotation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monocular @entity1939 may be associated with bilateral horizontal @entity346 , a subtype of fusion @entity346 (FMNS). @entity1 often adopt a significant @entity135 ( @entity135 ) towards the fixing eye in order to dampen the @entity346 . This clinical entity has also been reported as @entity18368 . The aim of the study was to ascertain the clinical features and surgical outcome of @entity1 with FMNS with infantile unilateral @entity227 . METHODS: In this retrospective case series, nine consecutive @entity1 with FMNS with infantile unilateral @entity227 underwent strabismus surgery to correct an @entity135 and/or improve ocular alignment. Outcome measures included amount of @entity135 and deviation at last follow-up. RESULTS: Eye muscle surgery according to the principles of Kestenbaum resulted in a marked reduction or elimination of the @entity135 . On average, a reduction of @entity135 of 1.3  /mm was achieved by predominantly performing combined horizontal recess-resect surgery in the intact eye. In cases of existing @entity5971 ( @entity5971 ) this procedure also markedly reduced the angle of deviation. A dosage calculation of 3 prism diopters/mm was established. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate a tailored surgical approach in FMNS with infantile unilateral @entity227 . In typical @entity1 who adopt a significant @entity135 accompanied by a large @entity5971 , we suggest an initial combined recess-resect surgery in the intact eye. This procedure regularly led to a marked reduction of the head turn and @entity5971 . In @entity1 without significant strabismus, a full Kestenbaum procedure was successful, while @entity5971 in a @entity1 with a minor @entity135 was corrected by performing a bimedial recession.

title: Effects of extraocular muscle surgery in @entity1 with @entity1939 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['AHP', 'anomalous head posture']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['infantile blindness']

entities_list: @entity18368 :: ('MESH:C567079', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral Ciancia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome', 'nystagmus']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['bilateral nystagmus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over time, most @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) develop strictures or @entity292 , resulting in hospitalisations and surgery. Timely therapy with immunomodulators and biologicals may alter this natural history, but carries a significant risk of side-effects. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors to predict poor-outcome @entity1050 at diagnosis, and thus @entity1 who would benefit most from early, aggressive medical therapies. METHODS: @entity30 @entity1 (n=101) with uncomplicated non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at diagnosis, and with follow-up >5 years, were retrospectively analysed using a predefined definition of @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) over the disease course. Clinical, demographic, laboratory and histological factors at diagnosis associated with @entity1050 and poor outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Overall 33.7% of the cohort developed @entity1050 , and on multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis the presence of @entity738 on endoscopic biopsy at diagnosis was independently associated with development of @entity1050 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15 - 4.64; p=0.02). @entity66 was also associated with this outcome (HR 2.49; 95% CI 1.14 - 5.41; p=0.02). The presence of these variables had a specificity of 99% and a positive predictive value of 88%. CONCLUSION: At diagnosis, factors predictive of @entity1050 in our referral centre were endoscopic biopsy @entity738 and @entity66 . @entity1 with these risk factors should be considered for early, aggressive medical therapy, as benefit will probably outweigh risk. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that endoscopic biopsy @entity738 in @entity1 with uncomplicated (non-stricturing, non-penetrating) @entity30 predict the subsequent development of @entity1050 .

title: XXXX at initial diagnosis of @entity30 signal a poor outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['perianal disease', 'Simple perianal disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['Granulomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of prospective studies with popliteal @entity439 ( @entity3880 ) < 2 cm and the very few information about the natural cause of the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2000 46 @entity1 having 65 popliteal artery @entity439 have been examined. The mean diameter was 1.9 cm (0.8-4 cm). In 41% of the cases @entity3880 were bilateral, additional extrapopliteal @entity439 were found in 37%. The @entity3880 was occluded in 8 @entity1 at the initial examination (mean diameter 2.4 cm: 1.4-4 cm). One of these @entity1 had to be amputated (long-term @entity6 , dialysis and severe generalized @entity1897 ). Since no information could be obtained from two @entity1 , it was possible to prospectively monitor 36 @entity1 with 46 @entity3880 (30 m, 6 f) over a period of 2.5 years. 19 @entity1 were treated with platelet inhibitors, 16 with @entity1524 and one refused any @entity1031 prophylaxis. The @entity1 were examined every year by telephone interview and duplexsonography. RESULTS: During the monitoring period there occurred two complete occlusions and one distal arterial progression, while 2 @entity1 died, but no amputation. The total complication rate was 6.5% with a higher incidence in @entity3880 > 2 cm of diameter (14.2 vs. 3.1%). All complications were found in @entity3880 with mural @entity715 . @entity1524 seems to be superior platelet aggregation inhibitors with a complication rate of 0% vs. 14.3%. The mean increase in diameter during follow-up was dependent on @entity3880 size, 1.5 mm/year for @entity3880 > 2 cm vs. 0.7 mm/year for @entity3880 < 2 cm. CONCLUSION: This prospective study emphasises the necessity of a prophylactical surgery in @entity1 with an @entity439 diameter > 2 cm. In view of the low rate of complications of the natural course of @entity3880 (6.5% of all @entity3880 or 14.2% for @entity3880 > 2 cm/2.5 years), the bypass surgery should be performed by an experienced vascular department. @entity1 with @entity3880 < 2 cm or @entity1 with contraindication for peripheral bypass should receive anticoagulation.

title: Prospective study of 36 XXXX with 46 popliteal artery @entity439 with non-surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarin', 'coumarin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity851 in male adolescent @entity1 who have a @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and the effect of weight restoration on catch-up growth. METHODS: Medical charts of all male adolescent @entity1278 @entity1 (n = 12) who were admitted to the Pediatric Psychosomatic Department at the Sheba Medical Center from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1998, were reviewed. Height and weight measurements were obtained before the onset of @entity1278 , at admission, and thereafter routinely during hospitalization and follow-up. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 exhibited @entity851 during the course of their illness, as evident in a decrease in their height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ). The mean height @entity214 at the time of admission (-0.81 +/- 0.93) was significantly lower than the premorbid @entity214 (-0.21 +/- 0.91). Weight restoration resulted in accelerated linear growth (up to 2 cm/mo) in all @entity1 . Positive @entity1017 ( @entity1017 rate >1 kg/y) was associated with a mean height gain of 6.97 +/- 6.48 cm/y, whereas @entity353 or failure to gain weight ( @entity1017 rate <or=1 kg/y) was associated with a mean of 2.7 +/- 3.9 cm/y. This between-group difference was highly significant. Complete catch-up growth was not achieved in 9 of 12 @entity1 . There was a trend for the mean adult final height @entity214 (-0.52 +/- 0.84) to be higher than the admission height @entity214 but lower than both the premorbid height @entity214 and the midparental target height @entity214 (-0.21 +/- 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: @entity851 was a prominent feature of @entity1278 in our sample of male adolescent @entity1 , preceding, in some cases, the reported detection of the @entity1277 . Weight restoration, particularly when target weight is based on the premorbid height percentile, may be associated with significant catch-up growth, but complete catch-up growth may not be achieved.

title: Stunting of growth as a major feature of XXXX in male adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Linear growth retardation', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'diagnosis of anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: In @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 , remission can be difficult to achieve and sustain. Both acutely acting and long-term maintenance agents are needed. Speed and efficiency of available monotherapies tend to be inversely proportional to safety. Combination, rotational, and sequential approaches are often more effective and safer than single-agent therapy. Combining agents with complementary adverse effect profiles is preferable. Apparent synergistic enhancement is seen with most paired combinations of the four major therapies: @entity14028 , phototherapy (ultraviolet B/psoralen plus ultraviolet A), @entity205 , and @entity1499 . Of those, only @entity205 in combination with @entity6339 plus ultraviolet A is contraindicated because of increased @entity5 risk. Combinations of each of those major therapies with topical agents ( @entity4878 , @entity230 , @entity560 derivatives, and others) have been used with varying efficacy and safety. The immunomodulators, @entity1862 and @entity332 , have also shown some success in combination therapy. The new biologic agents with their novel modes of action and adverse effect profiles may prove to be important adjuncts in combination/rotational/sequential approaches. In some cases, monotherapy (with either systemic agents or phototherapy) adequately controls moderate to severe disease. A regimen using a single agent has the advantages of lower cost and greater adherence by the @entity1 . For any number of reasons, however, including loss of efficacy, adverse effects, or cumulative or acute @entity137 -and especially the inability to clear resistant lesions-a single modality will not be adequate. Using two or more therapies is thus the rule rather than the exception for most @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 , but picking a combination that serves to balance safety and efficacy needs careful consideration, especially since no evidence-based treatment guidelines exist.

title: Combination therapy to treat moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity6339 :: ('MESH:D005363', 'Chemical') :: ['psoralen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop response criteria for @entity2760 rheumatica (PMR) for monitoring treatment and comparing alternative treatments regimens. METHODS: 76 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 68.7 (7.7) years, were enrolled. @entity288 , and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the only drugs allowed during the observation period. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), alpha(2) globulin, serum @entity68 , @entity158 , @entity2026 ( @entity2026 ), @entity7127 ( @entity7127 ), @entity925 ( @entity925 ), @entity925 , and the elevation of upper limbs (EUL) were determined regularly. The daily corticosteroid and NSAID doses as the corticosteroid response time were recorded. To ensure evaluation of an adequate number of @entity1 (n = 57) week 24 was chosen for final analysis. RESULTS: ESR, @entity1851 , alpha(2) globulin, @entity158 , @entity2026 , @entity7127 , @entity925 , @entity925 , and EUL showed significant improvement (p<0.0001) at week 24 compared with week 0. Multiple regression analysis showed that changes of ESR (p = 0.08), @entity1851 (p = 0.41), alpha(2) globulin (p = 0.13), @entity7127 (p = 0.1), and @entity925 (p = 0.07) were independent of @entity158 , but @entity925 (p<0.001) and EUL (p = 0.003) were @entity158 dependent. Consequently, a core set of PMR response criteria, comprising ESR or @entity1851 , @entity158 , @entity2026 , @entity7127 , and EUL was established. Assessment of treatment responses with this core set resulted in 90%, 70%, 50%, and 20% improvement in 31/57 (54%), 46/57 (81%), 51/57 (89%), and 54/57 (95%) of the @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: These PMR response criteria are a promising tool for better monitoring of disease activity and treatment in PMR. It is proposed that these criteria should be used in clinical trials in the near future to explore alternative treatment options for PMR.

title: EULAR response criteria for XXXX rheumatica: results of an initiative of the European @entity2760 Rheumatica Group (subcommittee of ESCISIT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ["physician's global assessment", 'PGA']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'myalgia', 'muscle tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['polymyalgia']


abstract: Cytotoxic drugs mediate apoptotic @entity5 cell death by influencing key regulator proteins of programmed cell death. In clinical practice cytotoxic drug combinations are desired to potentiate @entity5 cell kill and to minimize side effects. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic and antagonistic effects on @entity5 cells are still poorly understood. In order to elucidate these molecular mechanisms we established models of synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations within the same @entity706 cell lines. By combination index method we demonstrated that @entity11441 in combination with either @entity632 or @entity2664 caused antagonistic effects on disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as on the rate of apoptosis. In contrast the combination of @entity11441 with @entity8778 acted synergistically on these parameters. By using the IC(50) (dosages causing 50% rate of apoptosis) the synergistic effect of the combination of @entity11441 and @entity8778 was associated with an enhanced mitochondrial release of @entity4674 and @entity17205 / @entity17205 , by down-regulation of @entity9846 ( @entity9846 ), @entity1839 , @entity63269 and @entity10206 as well as by a significantly increased activation of caspases-3, -6, -7, -8 and -9. At the same rate of apoptosis (IC(50)), the antagonistic combinations did not increase the release of @entity4674 or @entity17205 / @entity17205 , nor down-regulate the expression of @entity9846 , @entity1839 , @entity63269 and @entity10206 , nor increase the activation of caspases. The role of down-regulation of IAPs and of enforced caspase activation for synergism in this model was supported by the observation, that broad spectrum inhibition of caspases re-established expression of @entity9846 . Our study is the first to outline the molecular alterations caused by synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations within the same @entity706 cell model. The above described mechanisms were already assessable at a point where the effects of synergistic or antagonistic combinations could not yet be discriminated quantitatively by the level of apoptosis rate of the @entity706 cells.

title: Synergistic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in XXXX cells are associated with down-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), @entity63269 ( @entity63269 ), death-associated protein ( @entity10206 ) and with enforced caspase activation.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11441 :: ('MESH:C001758', 'Chemical') :: ['bendamustine']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 usage contributes to @entity189 of the lung, bladder, esophagus, uterine cervix, and head and neck, and can induce specific @entity74 . Studies of the above @entity5 types have documented allelic deletions affecting 3p, 5q, 9p, 9q, 10q, 11p, 13q, 17p, and 18q. Relationships between @entity74 , @entity286 exposure, and @entity1 outcome have not been described. @entity1 AND METHODS: To confirm and further define loss of heterozygosity in @entity213 ( @entity213 ), and to examine relationships between loss of heterozygosity and both @entity286 exposure and early recurrence, we undertook this study on previously untreated @entity1 with @entity213 . We performed a Southern blot analysis using 11 probes specific for loci deleted in @entity286 -associated @entity5 . We have investigated 42 prospectively collected, paired samples of @entity213 and peripheral blood. Demographic and follow-up data were collected on these @entity1 . RESULTS: Significant loss of heterozygosity was observed in descending order of frequency at 11p, 9p, 17p, 3p, 10q, and 13q. All nonsmokers showed loss of heterozygosity on one or more loci compared with only 53% of smokers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, @entity1 with multiple deletions had a significantly higher rate of early recurrence than those with fewer deletions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple deletions occurred more frequently in nonsmokers and predicted a higher risk of early recurrence.

title: The relationship of loss of heterozygosity to XXXX exposure and early recurrence in @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions', 'genetic loss']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity32 via inhibition of @entity14185 pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is one therapeutic approach to hepatic @entity82 . @entity16217 ( @entity64167 , Tan IIA) is a lipophilic @entity10085 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, with reported anti-inflammatory activity. We tested whether Tan IIA could inhibit HSC activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell line of @entity35 hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml). @entity137 was assessed by @entity98 assay. HSC-T6 cells were pretreated with Tan IIA (1, 3 and 10   M), then induced by LPS (100 ng/ml). @entity14185 activity was evaluated by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure @entity14185 - @entity12149 , and phosphorylations of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, @entity12220 ). Cell chemotaxis was assessed by both wound-healing assay and trans-well invasion assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect gene expression in HSC-T6 cells. RESULTS: All concentrations of drugs showed no cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells. LPS stimulated @entity14185 luciferase activities, nuclear translocation of @entity14185 - @entity12149 , and phosphorylations of ERK, JNK and @entity12220 , all of which were suppressed by Tan IIA. In addition, Tan IIA significantly inhibited LPS-induced @entity99 , in both wound-healing and trans-well invasion assays. Moreover, Tan IIA attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expressions of @entity657 , @entity9269 , @entity16620 , @entity3426 , @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity1590 , @entity1506 , and a-SMA in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that Tan IIA decreased LPS-induced HSC activation.

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity16217 on XXXX hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HSCs chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity10085 :: ('CHEBI:35190', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpene']

entities_list: @entity16217 :: ('MESH:C021751', 'Chemical') :: ['Tanshinone IIA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze the proportions of adult @entity173 @entity1 combined with other sites of @entity174 . METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity173 admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively collected from January 2008 to December 2012. The proportions of @entity1 combined with other @entity174 were calculated and the clinical features of gender, age and combined @entity174 sites were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3 310 @entity1 with @entity173 were included, and 328 @entity1 of them were combined with other site @entity174 , therefore with the proportions of 9.91%, and 13.93% for males, 6.40% for females respectively. The @entity1 aged >=  30 and < 40 years account for the highest (26.88%) proportion of combined @entity174 , with the single summit for incident age. The most amount of @entity173 @entity1 with other site @entity174 were aged >=  70 and < 80 years (56 @entity1 ). Which were aged >=  30 and < 40 years, >=  40 and < 50 years for males (41 @entity1 ), while aged >=  80 years for females (32 @entity1 ). There were a total of 536 combined @entity174 sites with 1.63 sites per @entity1 , and 1.73 sites per males, 1.45 sites per females. The highest of average sites per @entity1 (2.22 sites/ @entity1 ) was occurred at age >=  16 and < 20 years. For youth or males @entity1 , the most common combined @entity174 sites were @entity174 , @entity2091 and fibula and @entity1171 , @entity174 . While for elderly or female @entity1 , it were thoracolumbar @entity174 and distal radius and @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: The young or male @entity1 have the most possibility to combine with other sites of @entity174 . For youth or males, the most common combined @entity174 sites are concentrated in the lower limbs. While for elderly or female @entity1 , thoracolumbar @entity174 and distal radius and @entity174 are more commonly.

title: [Clinical features of @entity173 with combined XXXX in adults of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2008 to 2012].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'ulna fractures', 'foot fractures', 'diaphyseal femur fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been little improvement in the survival of adolescent and young adult (AYA) @entity5 @entity1 aged 15 to 39 years relative to other age groups, raising the question of whether such @entity1 receive appropriate initial treatment. METHODS: We examined receipt of initial @entity5 treatment for a population-based sample of 504 AYAs diagnosed in 2007-2008 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), Hodgkin's or @entity1893 , @entity5 , or @entity242 . Registry data, @entity1 surveys, and detailed medical record reviews were used to evaluate the association of @entity1 demographic, socioeconomic, and health care setting characteristics with receipt of appropriate initial treatment, which was defined by clinical specialists in AYA oncology based on adult guidelines and published literature available before 2009 and analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of AYA @entity5 @entity1 in our sample received appropriate treatment, 68% after excluding stage I male germ cell @entity1 who all received appropriate treatment. After this exclusion, appropriate treatment ranged from 79% of @entity242 @entity1 to 56% of @entity981 @entity1 . Cancer type (P < .01) and clinical trial participation (P = .04) were statistically significantly associated with appropriate treatment in multivariable analyses. @entity1 enrolled in clinical trials were more likely to receive appropriate therapy relative to those not enrolled (78% vs 67%, adjusted odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 6.4). CONCLUSIONS: Except for those with early stage @entity33600 , approximately 30% (or 3 in 10) AYA @entity5 @entity1 did not receive appropriate therapy. Further investigation is required to understand the reasons for this potential shortfall in care delivery.

title: Use of appropriate initial treatment among adolescents and young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity33600 :: ('MESH:C564777', 'Disease') :: ['male germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is considered a therapeutic option after failure of maximal medical therapy (MMT) for @entity102 ( @entity102 ). There is currently no consensus on the definition of MMT. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the various MMT criteria employed prior to considering ESS. METHODS: A systematic review was performed using the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were adults with @entity102 based on guideline diagnostic criteria, enrolled to undergo ESS, and study publication within the last 5 years (January 1, 2009, to December 30, 2014). Studies were excluded if the study population included non- @entity102 indications for ESS. Primary outcome was the MMT criteria employed prior to considering a @entity1 a candidate for ESS. A subgroup analysis was performed based on polyp status. RESULTS: Of 387 reviewed studies, 21% reported MMT criteria. When reported, criteria included topical nasal @entity288 (91% of studies) for a mean of 8    8 weeks, oral antibiotics (89%) for 23    8 days, systemic @entity288 (61%) for 18    12 days, saline irrigations (39%), oral antihistamines (11%), oral mucolytics (10%), and topical/oral decongestants (10%). CONCLUSION: A minority of studies report MMT criteria used as the indication for ESS. When reported, the majority included an 8-week course of topical intranasal @entity288 and 3-week course of oral antibiotics. Use of systemic @entity288 did not differ based on polyp status. Because of variation in current MMT criteria, there is a need to develop standardized indications for ESS that will work to improve the appropriateness of care for @entity1 with.

title: When are we operating for XXXX ? A systematic review of maximal medical therapy protocols prior to endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity54038 in the treatment of @entity9590 . METHOD: Multicentric random Double-blind parallel-controlled study was adopted, and compared with placebo and @entity14746 . @entity1 (n = 177) were grouped, seventy-two in @entity54038 group, sixty-nine in @entity14746 and thirty-six in placebo group. RESULT: In the seventh curative day symptomatic and sign marks in @entity54038 group and @entity14746 group were lower, but the mark in @entity54038 group reduced more than in @entity14746 group and placebo group. @entity54038 group is better than @entity14746 group in improvement of nasal obstruction and itching with Visual analogue scale. In the twenty first curative day reduction of symptomatic and sign marks in @entity54038 group was lower than @entity14746 group, but no statistic difference. There were 27 adverse events, no serious adverse events in 177 @entity1 during experimental period. Most adverse events were @entity10 and @entity2133 . There were 10 cases adverse events in @entity54038 group, one case was related with experiment and four cases might be related with experiment. There were 14 cases adverse events in @entity14746 group, one case was related with experiment and four cases might be related with experiment. There were three cases adverse events in placebo group. CONCLUSION: Generally speaking the efficacy of @entity54038 in treatment of @entity9590 is better than @entity14746 , @entity1835 events are less. It is safe.

title: [Efficacy and safety of XXXX in the treatment of @entity9590 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness in mouth and eyes']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity54038 :: ('MESH:C076170', 'Chemical') :: ['Mizolastine']

answer: @entity54038 :: (MESH:C076170,Chemical) :: ['Mizolastine']


abstract: Contemporary @entity1 are often diagnosed with mild or intermittent @entity2741 . In addition, most studies demonstrate @entity1 with parathyroid ( @entity461 ) levels in the upper normal range. The aim of the present investigation was to define subgroups of @entity1 with mild @entity459 ( @entity459 ), which could be of importance in the decision for or against surgical treatment. Two-hundred and eleven @entity1 , operated for @entity459 were investigated with biochemical variables known to reflect @entity461 activity, renal function, and bone mineral content. The preoperative diagnosis of @entity459 was based on the presence of @entity2741 combined with an inappropriate serum concentration of @entity461 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 64 +/- 14 years and the mean serum level of @entity460 was 2.78 +/- 0.19 mmol/L. One hundred and sixty-two @entity1 (77%) had raised levels of @entity460 and @entity461 the day before surgery (overt @entity459 ), 25 @entity1 (12%) had a normal level of @entity460 and a raised @entity461 level (normal @entity460 group), and 20 @entity1 (9%) had a raised level of @entity460 and a normal level of @entity461 (normal @entity461 group). In four @entity1 the level of @entity460 and @entity461 was normal. Between-group analysis demonstrated no major difference in symptom and signs of @entity459 . Except for lower @entity652 weight, @entity1 in the normal @entity460 group did not essentially differ from the @entity1 in the overt @entity459 group. However, @entity1 in the normal @entity461 group were a decade younger, and had better renal function, lower bone turnover, and a preserved bone density compared with @entity1 in the overt @entity459 group. In conclusion, the data from the present investigation show that @entity459 @entity1 with a preoperative normal @entity461 level have an early and mild form of the disease. Furthermore, the serum @entity460 concentration does not reflect disease severity in @entity459 .

title: Preoperative normal level of XXXX signifies an early and mild form of @entity459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) are rare @entity5 , mostly represented by diffuse large B cells. @entity149 with a T phenotype are less frequently reported; even rarer are @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ). PCNSL @entity2108 are commonly represented, like their systemic counterpart, by a variably prevalent amount of large @entity5 cells ('hallmark cells'), and this feature enhances their recognition. @entity1 and methods We report the first case of primary brain @entity5823 + @entity9511 + ALCL with a T-cell phenotype, showing the combination of both the 'lymphohistiocytic' and the 'small cell' variants of the disease. A few elements consistent with 'hallmark cells' were recognizable. However, these cells were never prominent, increasing diagnostic difficulties. Immunohistochemistry results were critical for the correct interpretation. Our findings also differ from the majority of PCNSL @entity2108 for the absence of @entity5 @entity39 and the lack of prominent mitotic activity. The neuroimaging picture was not specific. A comparison with literature data concerning the clinical/instrumental features shows a very frequent meningeal involvement in PCNSL @entity2108 , in contrast to the majority of @entity149 . CONCLUSION: The occurrence of such a rare form of ALCL may widen the spectrum of differential diagnoses in PCNSL and their recognition may allow a rapid diagnosis, thus encouraging adequate treatment, which should take into account the high rate of meningeal involvement observed in these cases.

title: Primary brain @entity5823 + XXXX + anaplastic large cell lymphoma ('ALKoma'): the first case with a combination of 'not common' variants.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pleomorphic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSLs', 'Primary central nervous system lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphomas', 'ALCLs']

answer: @entity9511 :: (6590,Gene) :: ['ALK1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hb) levels are regarded as an important determinant of outcome in a number of @entity5 treated with radiotherapy. However, for @entity1 treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), information regarding the prognostic value of hemoglobin level is scarce. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 650 @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ), enrolled between May, 2005, and November, 2012, were included in this study. The prognostic significance of hemoglobin level ( @entity417 or no- @entity417 ) at three different time points was investigated, including before treatment, during treatment and at the last week of treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate of @entity1 who were @entity417 and no- @entity417 before treatment were 89.1%, and 80.7% (P = 0.01), respectively. The 5-year DMFS (distant metastasis-free survival) rate of @entity1 who were @entity417 and no- @entity417 before treatment were 88.9%, and 78.2% (P = 0.01), respectively. The 5-year @entity1349 rate of @entity1 who were @entity417 and no- @entity417 during treatment were 91.7% and 83.3% (P = 0.004). According to multivariate analysis, the pre-treatment Hb level predicted a decreased DMFS (P = 0.007, HR = 2.555, 95% CI1.294-5.046). Besides, the mid-treatment Hb level predicted a decreased @entity1349 (P = 0.013, HR = 2.333, 95% CI1.199-4.541). CONCLUSIONS: Hemoglobin level is a useful prognostic factor in @entity189 @entity1 receiving IMRT. It is important to control the level of hemoglobin both before and during chemoradiotherapy.

title: Is Hemoglobin Level in @entity1 with XXXX Still a Significant Prognostic Factor in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Technology?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity616 is a common technique for anesthesia of the primary mandibular molars. A number of disadvantages have been shown to be associated with this technique. Periodontal ligament (PDL) injection could be considered as an alternative to @entity616 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PDL injection in the anesthesia of primary @entity13258 with mandibular block. METHODS: This study was performed using a sequential double-blind randomized trial design. 80 @entity1 aged 3-7 years old who required pulpotomy in symmetrical mandibular primary molars were selected. The teeth of these @entity1 were anesthetized with periodontal injection on one side of the mandible and block on the other. Pulpotomy was performed on each @entity1 during the same appointment. Signs of discomfort, including hand and body @entity1319 and crying (SEM scale), were evaluated by a dental assistant who was blinded to the treatment allocation of the @entity1 . Finally, the data were analyzed using the exact Fisher test and Pearson Chi-squared exact test. RESULTS: Success rate was 88/75 and 91/25 in the PDL injection and nerve block groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques (P = 0.250). CONCLUSION: Results showed that PDL injection can be used as an alternative to nerve block in pulpotomy of the mandibular primary molars.

title: Comparison of periodontal ligament injection and XXXX in mandibular primary molars pulpotomy: a randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['molar pulpotomy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Inferior alveolar nerve block', 'inferior alveolar nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['tension and eye movement, the verbal complaint']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['inferior alveolar nerve block']