abstract: @entity5450 ( @entity5450 ) including @entity8 nowadays can be detected antenatally by ultrasound. The concomitant presence of @entity2906 has been regarded as a severe risk factor for @entity8 and @entity358 , although clinical data after birth are scarce. We report the postnatal course and long-term follow-up of 10 @entity1 with @entity2906 due to congenital @entity5450 from two pediatric nephrology centers. The underlying final diagnoses were @entity8 ( @entity8 , n = 2), @entity27742 (n = 2) and @entity8 (n = 6) including 3 @entity1 with @entity340 . Two @entity1 died in the neonatal period while 8 @entity1 are currently alive at a median age of 2.5 (range 1.1-10) years. In the postnatal period, @entity1576 necessitating mechanical ventilation occurred in 7 @entity1 (including the 2 non-survivors). All surviving @entity1 had @entity177 , which could be managed conservatively in 6 @entity1 (median GFR 45 (range 15-53) ml/ @entity1009 .73 m2) while 2 reached @entity454 ; one undergoing preemptive kidney transplantation and one peritoneal dialysis. Seven of 8 @entity1 reached normal developmental milestones. In conclusion, the presence of antenatal @entity2906 in @entity1 with @entity5450 does not always carry a poor prognosis. The high incidence of perinatal complications, the complexity of underlying causes and the prevalence of postnatal chronic @entity8 calls for a multidisciplinary approach in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Antenatal XXXX of renal origin: postnatal therapeutic and prognostic challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease', 'ARPKD', 'renal dysfunction', 'bilateral renal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['UTA', 'Urinary tract anomalies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity27742 :: ('OMIM:267430', 'Disease') :: ['familial tubular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: PURPOSE: The postradiation preoperative @entity5 results of 25 @entity1 with @entity5 who were found to have Stage T0,N0 lesions after surgery were examined. Our aim was to assess the ability of preoperative @entity5 following radiation therapy to predict the absence of disease. METHODS: From 1983 to 1994, 25 @entity1 treated with preoperative radiation therapy for biopsy-proven @entity5 were found to have no pathologic evidence of disease in the resected specimen (T0,N0). The preoperative postradiation disease @entity5 results of these @entity1 were compared with the postoperative pathologic findings. Each @entity1 received 4,500 to 5,580 cGy during a five-week to six-week period, and four @entity1 had preoperative chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed six to eight weeks after completion of radiation therapy. All 25 @entity1 were staged by digital rectal examination before surgery. In addition, 13 @entity1 were assessed using computed tomography, 6 by endorectal ultrasound, and 1 by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Most irradiated lesions were overstaged by radiologic assessment and physical examination. No technique could reliably distinguish between postradiation @entity82 and @entity5 . The negative predictive value for digital rectal examination was 24 percent. Computed tomography accurately staged 23 percent of lesions, and endorectal ultrasound predicted 17 percent of lesions correctly. The single @entity1 evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging was overstaged and thought to have a T2 lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Our ability to assess local eradication of @entity5 following radiation therapy remains poor. Conventional imaging and clinical examination techniques are unable to safely predict which @entity1 do not require surgical excision following curative radiation therapy for @entity5 .

title: Preoperative XXXX of irradiated @entity5 using digital rectal examination, computed tomography, endorectal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging does not accurately predict T0,N0 pathology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['staging']


abstract: Plasminogen activators (PAs) play an important role in @entity5 cell invasion. We have analysed the expression of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), and their respective receptors, @entity10784 and @entity10431 , in normal and neoplastic cultures of pancreatic cells, as well as in pancreatic tissues, and have examined their role in @entity5 invasiveness in vitro. Using Northern blotting, Western blotting, and ELISA, @entity3479 is detected in cultured @entity788 cells displaying a well differentiated phenotype but it is undetectable in less differentiated cells and in normal pancreatic cultures. In contrast, @entity2290 transcripts, protein, and enzymatic activity are detected both in @entity5 cells and in normal cultures. Higher levels of @entity10431 and @entity10784 are present in @entity5 cells than in normal cultures and, in SK- @entity1 cells, both receptors are localized in the basolateral membrane. In vitro invasion assays indicate that both @entity3479 and @entity2290 contribute to the invasiveness of SK- @entity1 cells through reconstituted extracellular matrix. To determine the relevance of these studies to @entity788 , immunohistochemical assays have been used to examine the expression of @entity3479 , @entity2290 , and their receptors in normal and neoplastic tissues. @entity3479 is absent from normal pancreas and from @entity5 associated @entity788 , whereas it is detected in the majority of @entity788 tissues (16/17). @entity10784 is also overexpressed in some @entity5 (5/13). @entity10431 is overexpressed in most @entity5 samples examined (14/15), while @entity2290 is weakly detected in a low number of cases (3/14); both @entity10431 and @entity2290 are overexpressed in areas of @entity5 associated @entity788 . Indirect evidences indicate that @entity984 and @entity876 mutated proteins can regulate the expression of PAs. In @entity788 we have found an association between codon 12 @entity984 mutations and @entity3479 expression (P=0.04). These results support the contention that, in the exocrine pancreas, activation of @entity3479 is more specifically associated to neoplastic transformation and to the invasive phenotype, whereas the induction of @entity2290 / @entity10431 system might be more relevant to inflammatory or non-neoplastic events.

title: The plasminogen activator system in XXXX : role of @entity3479 in the invasive potential in vitro.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity10784 :: ('302', 'Gene') :: ['annexin II', 'Annexin II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas cancer']


abstract: @entity4988 is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dialysis @entity1 . The proximate cause of @entity4988 is probably responsible for these events, and not the @entity4988 itself. Because protein-calorie @entity3147 decreases albumin synthesis, @entity4988 has been attributed to poor nutritional intake resulting from underdialysis. However, serum albumin (Salb) level is determined by several other factors: plasma volume expansion, albumin redistribution, exogenous loss, increased fractional catabolic rate (FCR), and decreased synthesis. Decreased albumin synthesis is primarily responsible for @entity4988 in hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . Studies of a smaller number of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 suggest exogenous albumin loss and volume expansion as contributing mechanisms. However, both @entity3147 and @entity32 suppress albumin synthesis. As the adequacy of dialysis has improved, recent studies are unable to show any relation between dialysis adequacy and Salb level. Further, Salb level appears to be a poor marker of nutritional status in dialysis @entity1 when compared with other measures of nutrition, such as subjective global assessment score, anthropometry, and dietary intake. Instead, cytokines and positive acute-phase reactants, produced in response to @entity32 , have been identified as important contributors to @entity4988 in dialysis @entity1 . These markers correlate with @entity4988 and supercede Salb level in predicting mortality. Multivariate analysis identifies markers of @entity32 and nutritional status as independent predictors of @entity4988 in HD @entity1 and markers of @entity32 and peritoneal albumin loss as independent predictors in @entity298 @entity1 . However, the acute-phase response and @entity3147 are closely interrelated, because inflammatory mediators also suppress appetite, increase muscle catabolism, and result in progressive @entity3085 . Future studies should focus on elucidating the inflammatory stimuli and the complex interaction between the acute-phase response and nutritional status.

title: Factors influencing serum albumin in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia', 'Hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our previous studies in @entity35 skeletal muscle have determined that neural constriction of large arterioles, which regulate blood flow and peripheral resistance, is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors, whereas small arterioles, which determine effective capillary density, depend on alpha 2-receptors. During physical exercise, metabolic vasodilators from contracting skeletal muscle oppose neural vasoconstriction. By mechanisms that are not understood, adrenergic constriction of small arterioles is particularly sensitive to metabolic inhibition during imbalances in @entity26 supply versus demand. This sensitivity may result from the reliance of small arterioles on alpha 2-receptors and a greater sensitivity of alpha 2 constriction to metabolic dilators. We previously demonstrated selective attenuation of arteriolar alpha 2 constriction during a reduction in the @entity26 supply/demand ratio subsequent to decreased skeletal muscle perfusion. In the present study, intravital microscopy of @entity35 cremaster skeletal muscle was used to examine the effect of increased @entity26 demand on adrenergic constriction of arterioles. The effect of multiple frequencies of skeletal muscle contraction (via genitofemoral nerve stimulation) on alpha 1 ( @entity1063 + @entity3160 ) and alpha 2 ( @entity1063 + @entity3159 ) constriction was used to evaluate neural-metabolic interactions over a wide range of metabolic conditions. Low-frequency (less than or equal to 2 Hz) skeletal muscle contraction attenuated only alpha 2 constriction; contractions greater than or equal to 4 Hz attenuated alpha 1 constriction and further reduced alpha 2 constriction. Comparison of the frequency of contraction necessary to produce inhibition of 20% of maximal dilation indicated that alpha 2 constriction was approximately 10-fold more sensitive than alpha 1 constriction to "metabolic" inhibition. High-frequency, but not low-frequency, contraction also inhibited intrinsic tone. These data suggest that release of dilator substances during moderate exercise may preferentially attenuate alpha 2 constriction to produce small arteriolar dilation and increased capillary density. In contrast, metabolic signals associated with higher frequency muscle contraction may inhibit both intrinsic tone and large arteriolar alpha 1 tone so that blood flow and @entity26 delivery increase to match the elevated @entity26 demand of more heavily exercising muscle.

title: Differential sensitivity of arteriolar alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor constriction to metabolic inhibition during XXXX skeletal muscle contraction.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Although disturbed sleep has been frequently reported in @entity1 with @entity410 , little is known about @entity22 and @entity302 . The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the prevalence and degree of @entity22 in @entity1 with @entity302 , (2) to examine the clinical features and correlates of @entity22 in these @entity1 , and (3) to evaluate the impact of poor sleep on their quality of life. METHODS: One hundred-fifty-two @entity1 with @entity302 (mean age 46 years) completed the following questionnaires: @entity22 Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31. @entity1 with other known @entity25 , @entity27 , were excluded from the study. Regression analysis was conducted for adjusting for age, years since @entity302 onset, number of antiepileptic drugs, comorbidities, and @entity308 scores. RESULTS: More than half of the @entity1 (55%) suffered from @entity22 and more than 70% were "poor sleepers." @entity22 and poor sleep quality were significantly correlated with the number of antiepileptic medications and scores of @entity308 . After controlling for covariates, @entity25 quality were significant predictors of lower quality of life. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity25 are common in @entity1 with @entity302 and may adversely impact quality of life. Further studies should examine whether improvements in sleep can improve @entity410 control and quality of life of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity302 : a questionnaire-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['including obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'insomnia and poor sleep']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity66 was the leading cause of death in Taiwan from 1963 to 1982. Deaths due to @entity64 now rank second only to @entity5 , with more deaths resulting from @entity64 than from any other single pathology. It is important to understand @entity64 prognosis among elderly @entity64 survivors, with respect to survival and attendant predictive factors, because aged population in Taiwan is growing rapidly. The aim of the present study was to discern factors affecting survival in @entity64 @entity1 from a nationally representative elderly sample. METHODS: A total of 99 @entity64 survivors, from a representative national sample of elders aged >/=65 years on December 31, 1988, whose @entity64 occurred in the period 1989-1993, were followed for mortality until July 1, 1995. Personal data were gathered through home interviews conducted by well-trained community nurses, and mortality data were obtained from the national census office by using identification card numbers. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the stepwise technique were used to search for important prognostic factors of survival. RESULTS: @entity1 experienced a higher mortality rate (139.8 per 1000 @entity1 -years) than @entity1 (126.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years), as age-adjusted for World Health Organization world-population figures. @entity64 @entity1 who received continuous treatment for @entity6 experienced mortality risks similar to those of @entity1 without @entity6 and much lower risks than those with discontinuous @entity6 treatment. @entity73 was also an independent predictor of survival (relative risk 2.69, P<0.05). In addition, @entity1 with both @entity73 had a 2- to 3-fold greater risk of mortality than those with only a single abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: This first report on the various prognostic factors related to survival of elderly @entity64 @entity1 in Taiwan's Chinese population emphasized the benefit of continuous @entity6 treatment in improving survival chances. These @entity64 @entity1 should also be monitored for @entity73 and undergo rehabilitation.

title: Predictors of survival among elders suffering XXXX in Taiwan: observation from a nationally representative sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and mobility impairments', 'Cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['strokes']


abstract: While the benefits of intensified insulin treatment in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) are well recognized, the risks have not been comprehensively characterized. We examined the risk of severe hypoglycaemia, @entity1270 , and @entity204 in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The MEDLINE database, reference lists, and specialist journals were searched electronically or by hand to identify relevant studies with at least 6 months of follow-up and the monitoring of glycaemia by glycosylated haemoglobin measurements. Logistic regression was used for calculation of combined odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The influence of covariates was examined by including covariate-by-treatment interaction terms. Methodological study quality was assessed and sensitivity analyses were performed. Fourteen trials were identified. These contributed 16 comparisons with 1028 @entity1 allocated to intensified and 1039 allocated to conventional treatment. A total of 846 @entity1 suffered at least one episode of severe hypoglycaemia, 175 @entity1 experienced @entity1270 and 26 @entity1 died. The combined odds ratio (95% CI) for hypoglycaemia was 2.99 (2.45-3.64), for @entity1270 1.74 (1.27-2.38) and for @entity204 from all causes 1.40 (0.65-3.01). The risk of severe hypoglycaemia was determined by the degree of normalization of glycaemia achieved (p=0.005 for interaction term), with the results from the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in line with the other trials. @entity1270 risk depended on the type of intensified treatment used. Odds ratios (95% CI) were 7.20 (2.95-17.58) for exclusive use of pumps, 1.13 (0.15-8.35) for multiple daily injections and 1.28 (0.90-1.83) for trials offering a choice between the two (p = 0.004 for interaction). Mortality was significantly (p = 0.007) increased for causes potentially associated with acute complications (7 vs 0 @entity204 , 5 @entity204 attributed to @entity1270 , and 2 sudden @entity204 ), and non-significantly (p = 0.16) decreased for macrovascular causes (3 vs 8 @entity204 ). We conclude that there is a substantial risk of severe adverse effects associated with intensified insulin treatment. Mortality from acute metabolic causes is increased; however, this is largely counterbalanced by a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. The excess of severe @entity4053 in the DCCT is not exceptional. Multiple daily injection schemes may be safer than treatment with insulin pumps.

title: Risk of adverse effects of intensified treatment in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['Ketoacidosis', 'ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of indirect decompression by means of the X-Stop (Medtronics Inc., Minneapolis, MN) implant with conventional decompression in @entity1 with neurogenic @entity613 due to @entity2649 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Decompression is currently the "gold standard" for @entity2649 but is afflicted with complications and a certain number of dissatisfied @entity1 . Interspinous implants have been on the market for more than 10 years, but no prospective study comparing its outcome with decompression has been performed. METHODS: After power calculation, 100 @entity1 were included: 50 in the X-Stop group and 50 in the decompression group. @entity1 with symptomatic 1- or 2-level @entity2649 and @entity613 relieved on flexion were included. X-Stop operations were performed under local anesthesia.The mean @entity1 age was 69 (49-89) years, and the male/female distribution was 56/44. Minimal dural sac area was in all cases except two 80 mm or less.The noninferiority hypothesis included 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, and included. intention-to-treat as well as as-treated analyses.The primary outcome meansure was the Z  rich Claudication Questionnaire, and the secondary outcome measures was the visual analogue @entity158 , Short-Form 36 (SF-36), complications, and reoperations. RESULTS: The primary and secondary outcome measures of @entity1 in both groups improved significantly. The results were similar at 6, 12, and 24 months and at no time point could any statistical difference between the 2 types of surgery be identified. Three @entity1 (6%) in the decompression group underwent further surgery, compared with 13 @entity1 (26%) in the X-Stop group (P = 0.04). Results were identical in intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses. CONCLUSION: For @entity612 with @entity613 , decompressive surgery as well as X-Stop are appropriate procedures. Similar results were achieved in both groups, however, with a higher number of reoperations in the X-Stop group. @entity1 having X-Stop removal and decompression experienced results similar to those randomized to primary decompression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1.

title: X-stop versus decompressive surgery for lumbar neurogenic XXXX : randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication', 'neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['scale pain']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the functional outcomes of @entity353 and eating following a targeted chemoradiation protocol consisting of a selective supradose of intra-arterial @entity900 (150 mg/m2 per week for 4 weeks) with parenteral @entity15451 and external-beam irradiation (1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction per day for 35 days). SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Forty-seven @entity1 with advanced @entity135 treated with a targeted chemoradiation protocol were monitored for weight and eating status before treatment and as long as 18 months after treatment. RESULTS: A statistically significant @entity353 (P<.001) occurred during the targeted chemoradiation protocol, with a mean weight ratio of 90% of the starting weight. The ability to eat also declined, with an increase in reported swallowing difficulties and a need for percutaneous @entity5274 from 4 (9%) to 12 (26%). There were no significant changes in weight after the initial @entity353 . @entity5 stage and nodal involvement had no effect on @entity353 . At the start of treatment, 18 @entity1 (38%) reported normal eating and 4 (8%) required a feeding tube. By 18 months after treatment, 41 (87%) were eating normally, 34 (72%) reported normal eating, and 6 (13%) required a percutaneous @entity5274 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing a targeted chemoradiation protocol for @entity135 lost about 10% of their pretreatment weight and had a decline in eating ability. @entity4764 swallowing during the treatment may be due to adverse effects such as @entity33 and @entity390 . By 18 months after therapy, most were able to eat normally and maintain their weight.

title: Eating and weight changes following chemoradiation therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tubes', 'endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['Difficulty']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The efficacy, duration, and spread of epidural @entity1286 hypoalgesia were assessed by an experimentally induced pricking @entity158 evoked by laser stimulation. Four mg of plain @entity1286 was injected epidurally in 7 volunteers at the L2-L3 interspace. Thresholds to warmth and @entity158 perception, and @entity158 -evoked potentials were measured. In the first experiment, hypoalgesia was monitored each hour for 7 h at various dermatomes. Hypoalgesia was detected at S1 dermatome after 2 h, but 3 h elapsed before hypoalgesia could be detected at the L1, T12, T10, T8, and T6 dermatomes. No effect was found at C7. No conduction delay was found along the @entity158 pathway during hypoalgesia. Hypoalgesia lasted more than 7 h at S1, whereas hypoalgesia could not be detected after 5 h at other dermatomes. In the second experiment, @entity1510 (0.8 mg i.v.) was injected 230 min after injection of epidural @entity1286 , and the subsequent recording 10 min later showed that hypoalgesia had been partly reversed. The onset and duration of hypoalgesia are different for experimentally induced @entity158 and clinical @entity158 . Experimentally laser-induced @entity158 has the advantage of being quantitative, and is, as such, useful to assess hypoalgesia, and to test the potency of narcotics.

title: Hypoalgesia following epidural XXXX : a controlled quantitative experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: In 47 donor organ procedures for heart-lung transplantations, lungs were preserved by autoperfusion in 21 cases and by @entity7634 -Collins solution flush in 26 cases. Criteria used to diagnose inadequate allograft function included radiographic interstitial and alveolar infiltrates and an alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient significantly greater than 100 mm Hg at 24 hours after surgery. @entity26 gradients were calculated intraoperatively, on arrival in the intensive care unit, and during the first 24 hours after surgery. With these criteria, 15 @entity1 with perioperative preservation damage were identified. They were compared with 32 @entity1 without evidence of @entity130 . @entity1 with @entity130 showed persistently elevated alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradients that were significantly above noninjury values at all times (p less than 0.03). There was no difference in donor organ ex vivo time between the two groups (227.8 +/- 74.4 vs 169.5 +/- 76.9, p = NS). The incidence of perioperative @entity130 was significantly greater among @entity1 in the @entity7634 -Collins solution group (12/26) than in @entity1 with autoperfusion (3/21) (p = 0.04, Fisher's exact test). Three of the 15 recipients died of primary lung graft failure. In our hands, preservation by use of a modified @entity7634 -Collins solution flush technique has led to unpredictable results in lung transplantation.

title: Increased perioperative lung @entity130 with lung procurement by XXXX -Collins solution flush.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['preservation injury']

answer: @entity7634 :: (9319,Species) :: ['Euro']


abstract: @entity1 uteroglobin ( @entity45815 ) or Clara cell 10-kD protein (cc10 kDa) is a @entity134 -dependent, immunomodulatory, cytokine-like protein. It is secreted by mucosal epithelial cells of all vertebrates studied. The cDNA encoding @entity45815 and the 5' promoter region of the gene have been characterized previously. Here, we report that the structure of the entire @entity45815 gene is virtually identical to those of @entity95 , @entity35 , and @entity19 . It is localized on @entity1 chromosome 11q12.3-13.1, a region in which several important candidate disease genes have been mapped by linkage analyses. Our data indicate that candidate genes for @entity56 and @entity3987 are in closest proximity to the @entity45815 gene. To determine whether @entity45815 gene mutation may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, we studied two isolated groups of @entity1 , each afflicted with either @entity402 or @entity3987 , respectively. We detected a single base-pair change in the @entity45815 gene in @entity3987 @entity1 and normal controls but no such change was detected in @entity402 @entity1 . This alteration in @entity45815 gene-sequence in @entity3987 family appears to be a polymorphism. Although the results of our investigation did not uncover mutations in @entity45815 gene that could be causally related to the pathogenesis of either of these diseases, its conservation throughout vertebrate phyla implies that this gene is of physiological importance. Moreover, the close proximity of this gene to several candidate disease genes makes it an important chromosomal marker in cloning and characterization of those genes.

title: XXXX uteroglobin gene: structure, subchromosomal localization, and polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic (allergic) asthma']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ["Best's disease", 'Best disease', "Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5201 Type 1, an @entity74 with increased endogenous oxalate production, leads to the development of @entity1791 , @entity11604 and @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Contrary to the general belief that @entity1 diagnosed during adulthood experience a relatively mild @entity66 , we were confronted with several cases of @entity454 caused by previously undiagnosed primary @entity5201 . METHODS: To study renal and @entity1 survival in relation with genotype, age at onset of disease and therapeutic delay, we performed a nationwide search among all Dutch nephrologists and paediatric nephrologists. RESULTS: Of the 79 included @entity1 , 38% was diagnosed at an adult age. @entity454 was present at the time of diagnosis in 26% of paediatric diagnosed @entity1 versus 52% of adult-diagnosed @entity1 (P = 0.021). Homozygosity for the @entity2764 -responsive @entity55211 or @entity55212 genotype was found in 26% of paediatric diagnosed @entity1 versus 68% of adult-diagnosed @entity1 (P < 0.001). Of homozygous @entity55211 or @entity55212 @entity1 , 48% developed @entity454 at a median age of 37 years, compared with 48% in those with other mutations at a median age of 0.5 years (P < 0.001). Of the 16 @entity1 found through family screening, 81% had a preserved renal function. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of @entity2764 -responsive genotypes and favourably prognosis of timely treatment warrant early diagnostic screening for primary @entity5201 Type 1 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1791 . This will preserve kidney function and prevent diagnosis of adult diagnosed @entity1 in @entity454 .

title: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1, a too often missed diagnosis and potentially treatable cause of XXXX in adults: results of the Dutch cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['course of disease']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity55211 :: ('p|SUB|G|170|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly170Arg']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity55212 :: ('p|SUB|F|152|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Phe152Ile']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for screening of @entity14 do not offer specific recommendations for cessation of antithrombotic agents prior to @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). AIM: To asess the accuracy of @entity1503 in @entity1 taking @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) or @entity1229 . METHODS: A literature search was conducted for studies that investigated the accuracy of @entity1503 in @entity1 taking ASA and @entity1229 . The primary outcome was the pooled relative risk (RR) for true positive @entity1503 for detecting significant @entity694 in @entity1 taking ASA or @entity1229 compared with controls. The secondary outcome was a pooled RR for true positive in guaiac @entity1503 (g- @entity1503 ) compared with immunochemical @entity1503 (i- @entity1503 ). RESULTS: Five observational studies included 759 @entity1 taking ASA and 1652 control subjects. In @entity1 taking ASA, pooled RR for true positive @entity1503 was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.93, P=0.0009), pooled RR for true positive g- @entity1503 was 0.69 (95% CI 0.60-0.79, P<0.0001), whereas pooled RR for true positive i- @entity1503 was 1.013 (95% CI 0.81-1.30, P=0.8182). Five observational studies included 806 @entity1 taking @entity1229 and 10   338 control subjects. In @entity1 taking @entity1229 , pooled RR for true positive @entity1503 was 1.559 (95% CI 1.349-1.801, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of our meta-analysis demonstrate that in @entity1 taking ASA, there is a decrease in the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of g- @entity1503 but no significant difference in the @entity2286 of i- @entity1503 compared with control subjects for detecting significant @entity5 . In @entity1 taking @entity1229 , the @entity2286 of @entity1503 was increased for detection of @entity14 compared with control subjects.

title: Does @entity117 or XXXX affect the accuracy of fecal occult blood tests?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOBT', 'fecal occult blood test']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: In some cases of primary @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ), there may be some uncertainty in clinical decision making. We present a case in which a @entity2558 -N0 @entity5 was found in the renal pelvis after an open nephrectomy for @entity1791 . Because incomplete excision of the ureter can lead to recurrence of the @entity1606 , we deemed it necessary to remove the residual ureter. Therefore, a combined endoscopic-transvescical laparoscopic ureterectomy was performed. The transabdominal approach was chosen for the procedure, because the @entity1 had already undergone open nephrectomy with retroperitoneal access and was thus likely to have @entity1104 and @entity32 in the region. For the endoscopic phase of surgery, a technique of ureteral intussusception was combined with transurethral resection. The choice of the endoscopic transurethral procedure was prompted by the fact that transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice and invagination ureterectomy has already been proposed as the first step of nephroureterectomy. The combined endoscopic laparoscopic procedure was not technically demanding; the ureterectomy took no longer than an open procedure. The surgery was uneventful, and the @entity1 resumed normal activities the day after surgery. The broader issue of whether this technique should be adopted by the urological community at large as a routine practice requires longer follow-up outcome data.

title: An atypical presentation of upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial tumor']


abstract: A secondary aortoenteric @entity292 is a relatively rare complication of abdominal aortic reconstruction. The clinical manifestation of aortoenteric @entity292 is usually upper @entity360 . We report a @entity1 who developed acute @entity432 following chronic @entity2688 , which is an uncommon finding. A 50-year-old @entity1 with a history of aortobifemoral bypass grafting was admitted for tiredness, @entity221 and swelling of his right leg. On the 40th day of admission, he developed acute @entity432 . Computed tomography revealed right distal aortic graft occlusion and the presence of gas surrounding the graft. Gastroduodenoscopy showed an underlying Dacron graft consistent with an aortoenteric @entity292 in the third part of the duodenum. We excised the infected graft and reconstructed the abdominal aorta with a new prosthetic graft in situ, which was wrapped with the vascularized pedicle of the omentum. The duodenal defect was repaired with segmental duodenal resection and end-to-end @entity254 . The @entity1 recovered well after surgical management and has remained in good condition for 2 years without developing any signs of recurrence of @entity281 .

title: Secondary aortoenteric @entity292 : a case report of acute @entity432 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2688 :: (MESH:D002481,Disease) :: ['cellulitis']


abstract: Inappropriate therapy of supraventricular @entity591 by an @entity1479 is still a common problem. Dual chamber ( @entity3603 ) ICDs provide additional atrial sensing and should result in higher specificity for detection of supraventricular @entity591 . However, a direct comparison of different dual chamber algorithms has not been reported. The detection algorithms of four different @entity3603 ICDs were tested: Phylax @entity713 , @entity2341 , and Gem DR 7271. Based on @entity943 recorded from @entity1 undergoing invasive electrophysiological studies and in many cases of catheter ablation at our institution, a library consisting of 71 supraventricular and 15 @entity1165 was created. The library consists of episodes of @entity955 , @entity956 with different @entity713 conduction, typical and atypical @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 , @entity713 reentrant @entity591 , @entity7129 , and @entity1165 with and without @entity713 . @entity955 was appropriately classified by all four algorithms. However, the specificity for detection of other supraventricular @entity591 achieved by the Biotronik (12%) and the Guidant (11%) devices was significantly lower compared to the specificity of the ELA (28%) and the @entity1479 (20%). This is due to the fact that the Biotronik and the Guidant algorithm classified all supraventricular @entity591 resulting in a stable ventricular rate as @entity1165 , whereas the ELA and Medtronic algorithms performed a more detailed analysis by assessment of PR association, atrial onset, or timing of the atrial event relative to the ventricular event, respectively. @entity955 , the most common @entity4710 in @entity1 with @entity1479 , was detected by all devices.

title: Inappropriate detection of supraventricular XXXX by implantable dual chamber defibrillators: a comparison of four different algorithms.

entities_list: @entity1479 :: ('OMIM:252500', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'Medtronic DDD ICD']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV', 'ventriculoatrial conduction']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['Defender IV, Ventak AV III DR']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: There are an estimated two million @entity131 ( @entity131 ) each year in the US. Behavioural and psychosocial sequelae are the most disabling consequences of @entity131 , but relatively little empirical data exist that identify factors underlying the variability in @entity1 outcomes. There is an increasing appreciation that @entity130 coping liabilities are likely to contribute to persistent disability and that outcome reflects the combined effects of pre-morbid, injury-related, and @entity130 factors. Despite this, most outcome studies focus on the effects of injury-related and @entity130 variables. The present study evaluated outcome in 45 adults who suffered a moderate or severe @entity131 at least 2 years earlier. It was hypothesized that severity of pre-morbid @entity146 and substance abuse problems and less social support following @entity1545 would be associated with poorer @entity130 adaptation as measured by employment status, independent living status, and neurobehavioural symptomatology. The authors found that @entity130 @entity146 and substance abuse histories predicted employment status and that @entity734 predicted independent living status. Social support following @entity131 predicted significant other's assessment of the @entity1 ' neurobehavioural status. None of the independent variables were found to predict @entity1 assessment of his or her own neurobehavioural functioning. These findings support the premise that pre-morbid coping liabilities are related to the degree of @entity717 .

title: XXXX status and adaptation following traumatic @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury disability']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['pre-injury substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pre-injury', 'post-injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Pre-injury']


abstract: Suppression of formation of @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) is thought to be a major contributor to the hemodynamic response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-in) therapy. However, @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) plasma levels may rebound during ACE-in treatment. The study sought to verify the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the combination of @entity3371 (75 mg/d) plus @entity9886 (25 mg/d). We also wished to establish whether the combination was able to avoid the increase of @entity2178 resulting from @entity9886 treatment in early postinfarction phases of reperfused anterior @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Forty-four @entity1 , hospitalized for suspected anterior @entity583 within 4 hours from the onset of symptoms, suitable for thrombolysis (first episode), Killip class I-II and reperfused, receiving 75 mg/d of @entity3371 within 3 days from admission, and with systolic blood pressure (BP) >120 mmHg were randomized (single-blind) into two groups: Group A included 22 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) and received @entity3371 75 mg/d and placebo. Group B included 22 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ) and received @entity3371 75 mg/d within 3 days from admission plus @entity9886 12.5 mg, as the first dose, and 25 mg/d (BP >110 mmHg) successively. @entity1063 (NE) and @entity2178 levels were measured on the 3rd and 10th days after admission. The two groups were similar with regard to age, sex, @entity1011 kinase peak, ejection fraction, end-systolic volume, and risk factors. Group B ( @entity3371 plus @entity9886 ) showed a significant reduction of BP, from 124 +/- 8.5 mmHg to 108 +/- 6.4 mmHg, P < 0.001, at 10 days after admission. In group A, BP was 122 +/- 9 mmHg, and 10 days after admission BP was 118 +/- 11 mmHg. NE and @entity2178 values did not show significant differences in basal samples. At 10 days after admission values were NE 298 +/- 90 versus 272 +/- 86 pg/mL and @entity2178 6.07 +/- 2.97 versus 5.29 +/- 2.05 pg/mL for the two groups. Our data suggest, for the first time, that the combination of @entity3371 plus @entity9886 is feasible and does not produce serious side effects. When @entity9886 was added to ACE-in treatment, there was no significant increase in @entity2178 .

title: Safety, tolerability, and neurohormonal changes of the combination @entity3371 plus XXXX in the early postinfarction period: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4512 is a poorly understood but common problem in older adults. Little is known about the progression of disability related to this condition. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether widespread @entity4512 increases the risk for @entity717 in older @entity1 with disabilities. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The @entity1 's Health and Aging Study. @entity1 : 1002 community-dwelling @entity1 65 years of age or older with disability. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4512 was defined as @entity158 in the upper and lower extremities and @entity158 with moderate or severe @entity158 in at least one of the three regions. @entity717 was defined as progression from no or mild @entity4764 to severe @entity4764 or inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), walk one-quarter mile, or lift 10 lbs. RESULTS: At baseline, 24% of @entity1 had @entity158 and 25% had no @entity158 or only mild @entity158 in a single site. @entity1 with @entity158 were 2.5 to 3.5 times more likely to have severe @entity4764 with ADLs, walking, or lifting at baseline compared with @entity1 who had no or mild @entity158 . In @entity1 without severe @entity4764 initially, @entity158 nearly doubled the risk for progression to severe @entity4764 in each of the tasks, after adjustment for age, body mass index, comorbid illness, and other confounders. CONCLUSION: @entity4512 is frequent among community-dwelling older @entity1 with disability and appears to predict the progression of disability. Efforts to better understand the cause of this @entity158 and its treatment might reduce the overall burden of disability.

title: @entity4512 and the progression of disability in older disabled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Widespread musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'widespread pain', 'axial pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['worsening disability', 'Worsening disability']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the imaging features of primary @entity242 of the great vessels in CT, MRI and @entity419 PET/CT. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with a @entity242 of the great vessels were retrospectively evaluated. All available images studies including F-18 FDG PET(/CT) (n   =   4), MDCT (n   =   12) and MRI (n   =   6) were evaluated and indicative image features of this rare @entity5 entity were identified. RESULTS: The median interval between the first imaging study and the final diagnosis was 11 weeks (0-12 weeks). The most frequently observed imaging findings suggestive of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity242 of the pulmonary arteries were a large filling defect with @entity455 , unilaterality and a lack of improvement despite effective anticoagulation. In @entity1 with @entity2333 we most frequently observed a pedunculated appearance and an atypical location of the filling defect. The F-18 FDG PET(/CT) examinations demonstrated an unequivocal hypermetabolism of the lesion in all cases (4/4). MRI proved lesion vascularization in 5/6 cases. CONCLUSION: Intravascular unilateral or atypically located filling defects of the great vessels with @entity455 , a pedunculated shape and lack of improvement despite effective anticoagulation are suspicious for @entity242 on MDCT or MRI. MR perfusion techniques can add information on the nature of the lesion but the findings may be subtle and equivocal. F-18 FDG PET/CT may have a potential role in these @entity1 and may be considered as part of the imaging workup.

title: Imaging features of primary XXXX of the great vessels in CT, MRI and PET/CT: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular distension']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'primary sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcomas']


abstract: Development of @entity75 is frequent in @entity6595 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) type. Presence of clonal components in @entity75 was examined on the resected samples from 18 cases by using PCR-based method for immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement. There were two or more lesions in 10 cases, and 2 to 12 samples were obtained from each lesion. The remaining eight cases had a single large lesion, from which two to six samples were collected from separate areas from each other. A total of 86 samples were analyzed. Histologic findings in each sample were categorized as follows: proliferation of exclusively centrocyte-like cells (CCL), large cells, and combined CCL and large cells. Monoclonal or biclonal pattern (single or two bands) was observed in 42 samples, oligoclonal pattern (three or more bands) in 30, polyclonal (smear) in 11, and no products in 3. Large-cell-type lesions showed fewer bands than those with other histologic types, and 75% of cases with large-cell type had mono- or biclonal proliferation. Common clones were found among lesions in about 60% of cases. Especially in 4 cases including 2 cases with large-cell type, every lesion in the same case contained the common clones. These findings suggested that @entity6595 started as multi- or oligoclonal proliferation of cells, in which separate lesions composed of different clones from each other. As disease advances, dominant clones appear in some lesion and disseminate to other lesions via homing properties of the proliferating B lymphocytes.

title: Clonal evolution of XXXX of @entity1074 type.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixed @entity308 is a common, dimensional phenomenon that is increasingly recognized in unipolar and @entity162 . We piloted a modified version of the Hypomania Checklist (mHCL-32) to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of concurrent @entity162 (hypo) symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 . METHODS: The mHCL-32, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAMD-24) were utilized in the assessment of unipolar (UP=61) and bipolar (BP=44) @entity1 with an index major @entity308 confirmed by the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Differential mHLC-32 item endorsement was compared between UP and BP. Correlation analyses assessed the association of symptom dimensions measured by mHCL-32, YMRS and HAMD-24. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between mood groups in the mean mHCL-32 and YMRS scores. Individual mHLC-32 items of increased libido, quarrels, and @entity5834 intake were endorsed more in BP vs. UP @entity1 . The mHCL-32 active-elevated subscale score was positively correlated with the YMRS in BP @entity1 and negatively correlated with HAMD-24 in UP @entity1 . Conversely, the mHCL-32 irritable-risk taking subscale score was positively correlated with HAMD-24 in BP and with YMRS in UP @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: Modifying the HCL to screen for (hypo) @entity162 in @entity308 may have utility in identifying mixed symptoms in both @entity162 . @entity308 . Further research is encouraged to quantify mixed symptoms with standardized assessments.

title: A multinational study to pilot the modified Hypomania Checklist (mHCL) in the assessment of mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'manic symptoms', 'bipolar disorders', 'bipolar vs']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'unipolar depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of @entity130 and some causative factors of three-wheeler related accidents. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Accident unit, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 admitted to Colombo South Teaching Hospital with three-wheeler related accidents were interviewed, examined within 24 hours of admission and followed up by using a standard questionnaire. Detailed descriptions of the accident and the types of @entity130 were recorded. RESULTS: 54 accidents took place during daytime 07.00 h to 19.00 h) and the passengers were the commonest victims (40%). Soft tissue injury was the commonest injury observed (75%). The second commonest type of @entity79 (21%). Toppling due to a sudden turn of the vehicle accounted for 30% of accidents. Of 28 drivers in the study group, 25 admitted breaking the handle-lock to increase the vehicle's turning angle. Toppling due to a sudden turn was identified as the cause of the accident in all those who had interfered with the handle-lock. At the time of the accident, 89% of the drivers and 28.1% of pedestrians were under the influence of @entity167 . @entity167 was related to 67.4% of the night accidents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity167 consumption was recognised as a major contributory factor, in particular for night accidents. A strong association was observed between mechanical alteration of the vehicle's handle-lock and the risk of accident. Introduction of legislation to prohibit handle-lock alteration and strict implementation of the law regarding driving under the influence of @entity167 would help to reduce three-wheeler related accidents.

title: Pattern of accidents and XXXX involving three-wheelers.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['injury was long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Previously we reported on the use of laparoscopic ultrasonography in detecting common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to describe the laparoscopic ultrasonographic appearance of the common bile duct mucosa in @entity1 with @entity2877 . Medical records of 44 @entity1 with an increased risk for common bile duct stones undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 1993 and 1998 were reviewed. In the operating room, the laparoscopic ultrasonographic appearance of the common bile duct mucosa was scored in real time as normal, mild changes (hyperechoic mucosa), or severe changes (hyperechoic with mucosal thickening). Of the 31 @entity1 (70%) with stones or sludge in the biliary tree, 29 (94%) had either severe (58%) or mild (36%) @entity1605 (6%) had normal-appearing common bile duct mucosa on laparoscopic ultrasonography. Of the 13 @entity1 (30%) with no documented stones or sludge, 11 (85%) had normal and 2 (15%) had mild @entity1157 mucosa on laparoscopic ultrasonography. Both of these @entity1 had laboratory values indicating recent passage of common bile duct stones. The association between common bile duct stones and the presence of @entity1157 mucosa was statistically significant (P < .0001, Fisher's exact test). This is the first report of @entity1157 mucosa demonstrated by laparoscopic ultrasonography as a predictor of common bile duct stones. This finding is evident in the majority of @entity1 with common bile duct stones and also may be associated with recent passage of a stone into the duodenum.

title: Laparoscopic ultrasonographic appearance of the common bile duct mucosa: a predictor of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic common bile duct']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic and 2']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily is a set of channel genes that mediate numerous physiological functions such as sensing irritants or detecting temperature changes. Despite their functions, expressional information on TRP channels in various organs is largely elusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic quantitative comparison of each mRNA expression level of 22 @entity19 TRP channels in various organs. As a result, we found that average levels of TRP channel transcripts were very low reaching    3% of the @entity26637 transcript level. Among 22 TRP channels, @entity27097 and @entity29025 were most abundant in the majority of organs. In contrast, @entity53129 , @entity45820 , @entity53130 , @entity29063 , @entity29022 , and @entity16253 elicited very low message profiles throughout the major organs. Consistent with their functions as molecular sensors for irritants and temperature changes, @entity4412 , @entity1107 and @entity1108 showed exclusive expression in sensory ganglia. @entity27175 and @entity29023 were abundant in the sensory ganglia and brain. High levels of transcripts of @entity25315 , @entity14208 , @entity21036 , and @entity18289 were observed in the lung. In addition, channel transcript levels were very low except @entity29025 in the liver. In summary, the expression profile of TRP channels in major tissues provides insight to their physiological functions and therefore application to new drug development.

title: Quantitative analysis of TRP channel genes in XXXX organs.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prophylactic thyroidectomy has been encouraged for @entity1 with @entity8958 ( @entity8958 ) germline mutations to prevent the onset, persistence, or recurrence of @entity259 ( @entity259 ). The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recently published guidelines on the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy. Our aim here was to seek information on the optimal timing of surgery for carriers of @entity8958 gene mutations with no clinical evidence of disease, bearing in mind the ATA recommendations. METHODS: From 1986 to 2012, total thyroidectomy was performed at our institute on 31 carriers of @entity8958 gene mutations, 28 of them found on family screening in the post- @entity8958 era, and the other 3 under 20 years of age and classified as "early cases" in the pre- @entity8958 era. The following parameters were studied: age at surgery, @entity259 risk, basal calcitonin (bCT) and pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin (sCT), surgery outcomes, and persistence of disease. RESULTS: By family, the most prevalent mutation was codon 634 (30%) @entity8958 mutation. The youngest @entity259 @entity1 was 5 years old. Overall, @entity259 was found in 68% of cases; 52% of the sample had a normal bCT and 25% had an sCT unresponsive to pentagastrin. The only factor predicting the risk of @entity259 at final histology was an ATA- @entity8958 risk level C. On receiver oparating curves analysis, a cutoff at age over 24 years predicted (P=0.06) a yield of @entity259 in the resected specimen. Interestingly, none of the @entity1 with @entity259 had nodal involvement (0/21 @entity1 with @entity259 ). Yet, none of the @entity1 had @entity129 , and only 1 @entity1 had permanent @entity3747 . bCT was normal postoperatively and during the follow-up in all but 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It is noteworthy that the yield of @entity5 in removed thyroid was 100% for codon 634 (9/9 @entity1 , 5 families) and for codons 891 and 768 (2/2 @entity1 in each of the 2 families with those codon mutations), followed by 67% for codon 609 (4/6 @entity1 , 1 family), and 60% for codon 618 (3/5 @entity1 in 4 families) @entity8958 mutation. In cases of ATA- @entity8958 levels B and C, waiting for an increase in bCT and/or sCT may not guarantee that prophylactic surgery is performed before @entity259 develops (which would assure @entity1 a life free of diseases and a less-invasive surgical procedure, without any need for central lymph-node dissection).

title: Early, Prophylactic Thyroidectomy in XXXX : A 26-year Monoinstitutional Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['permanent nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity8958 :: ('5979', 'Gene') :: ['RET', 'REarranged during Transfection']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine demographic, clinical and laboratory profile along with disease outcome of all confirmed cases of @entity779 ( @entity779 ) and @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) admitted in King Abdulaziz Hospital _ Oncology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We also want to highlight the significance of implementing a well targeted community based disease prevention program. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted from May 2004 till April 2005 with a suspected diagnosis of @entity779 and @entity7643 were followed. All cases confirmed by a positive serology (IgM alone or IgM and IgG) to @entity779 were studied in detail to determine age, gender, ethnicity, monthly distribution, clinical and laboratory profile. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 were admitted with a suspected diagnosis of @entity779 . Among these, 39 (48.75%) @entity1 were confirmed by positive serology to have the disease. Male to female ratio was 3.3:1. Their ages ranged from 2 to 60 years with a mean of 27.6 +/- 11.2. Twelve @entity1 were Saudis, while the rest were non-Saudis coming from different countries in Asia, Africa and Middle East. Maximum number of @entity1 (48.72%) was seen in the summer months of June, July and August. Commonest presentation was @entity221 (100%), @entity10 (48.72%), @entity925 (66.7%) and @entity391 (25.64%). @entity1910 , hemorrhagic manifestations and positive tourniquet test were relatively uncommon. Only two @entity1 fulfilled WHO criteria of @entity7643 . Main @entity1503 were @entity882 (79.49%) and @entity1210 (48.72%). Significant elevation of PTT was observed in 25.64% of @entity1 . @entity409 tests with high transaminases were seen in about 66.7% of @entity1 , whereas 33.33% of @entity1 had significantly elevated @entity908 kinase. All @entity1 improved clinically with improvement of chemical and hematological parameters. None of the @entity1 died in this series. CONCLUSION: @entity779 continues to be a significant health problem in Western region of Saudi Arabia. Large number of pilgrims coming from disease endemic areas all over the world facilitates the continued introduction of dengue virus with different strains. Fortunately there has been no serious outbreak of @entity779 in recent years. A sharp vigilance is required by concerned authorities to prevent and minimize any future outbreak. It is extremely important to implement and maintain an effective, sustainable and community based disease prevention program.

title: Characteristics of XXXX in a large public hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'DHF']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['DF', 'dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: A dentin biopsy technique was employed to compare the morphological features of hypersensitive and non-sensitive @entity1 radicular dentin. Specimens sampled from different areas in the same root surface displaying @entity56 or non-sensitivity were prepared for examination in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Before analysis some specimens were exposed to surface demineralization and digestion of collagen to allow observation of subsurface portions of the dentinal tubules. In another set of observations the potential of a light-curing resin liner to penetrate root dentin in vitro and to maintain tubular occlusion over time following treatment of hypersensitive radicular dentin were examined. Orifices of many dentinal tubules were open in hypersensitive regions while non-sensitive areas generally displayed tubules occluded with mineralized material. SEM-images of @entity5828 -collagenase treated specimens demonstrated the frequent presence of membrane-like structures in tubules of hypersensitive dentin. In non-sensitive dentin these structures were sparse. Topical application of a light-curing resin liner to wedge shaped defects prepared in radicular dentin of extracted @entity1 teeth resulted in a surface coating with a resin thickness of 20-50 microns. Resin penetrated dentinal tubules to a depth of more than 5 microns. Dentin biopsies examined 6 months after treatment with the liner showed presence of resin-like material in a majority of the tubules in dentin where @entity56 was no longer perceived. In none of the specimens did the liner remain as a surface coating. In areas of recurrent @entity56 more than half of the tubules presented with open orifices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphological characterization of hypersensitive XXXX radicular dentin and the effect of a light-curing resin liner on tubular occlusion.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Transplantability of @entity1 @entity5 into @entity19 might represent higher grade of @entity5 . In our institution, surgically resected @entity5 have been subjected to transplantation into @entity19 since 1975. We retrospectively investigated clinical outcomes of donor @entity1 with gastric and @entity14 who underwent operation and analyzed the relationship between the transplantability and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 . Thirty five out of 119 @entity356 were successfully transplanted into @entity19 with a 29.4% take rate. Results of transplantation among 92 @entity1 ' @entity5 in stage 2, 3 and 4 revealed 35 takes and 57 non-takes. There were only 3 ten-year survivors in the 'take' group while there were 17 ten-year survivors in the 'non-take' group. @entity1 with @entity5 which are transplantable into @entity19 appeared to have poor prognosis (p < 0.05). The take rate with fifty @entity14 was 50%. Among 46 @entity1 's @entity5 in stage 2, 3 and 4, there were 25 takes and 21 non-takes. Ten-year survivors included 11 'take' donors and 7 'non-take' donors. As opposed to @entity356 , no statistically significant difference in survival was observed between the two groups.

title: Clinical aspects of transplantability of @entity1 @entity14 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with increased incidence of @entity2299 . To investigate potential molecular mechanisms, the effects of age and fibrate administration on @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ) expression in livers of young and old @entity35 were studied. METHODS: A total of 16 young (2-month-old) and 16 old @entity35 (24-month-old) were randomly assigned to a control group and @entity3724 group ( @entity3724 in a total therapeutic dosage of 0.5% in ratio to each treated @entity35 weight in 14 days). RT-PCR was applied to evaluate hepatic mRNA expression of @entity3725 and its target genes. Western blotting was used to determine @entity3725 protein level in liver tissue. RESULTS: When compared with 2-month-old @entity35 , the liver tissue from 24-month-old @entity35 showed reduced expression of @entity3725 mRNA (52%, P < 0.05) and protein (109%, P < 0.01). Consequently, the mRNA levels of @entity3725 target genes, @entity13688 , ACO, ACS and CPT-1 were markedly lowered by 19%, 8%, 13% and 9% respectively, and @entity42665 increased by 24% in livers from 24-month-old @entity35 , compared with values obtained from 2-month-old @entity35 (P < 0.05). @entity3724 therapy significantly lowered plasma @entity412 and total @entity165 levels in old @entity35 , accompanied with improvement in hepatic expression of genes, including @entity13688 , ACO, ACS, CPT-1 and @entity42665 , but no change was found in @entity3725 expression in livers from either 24-month or 2-month-old @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in the hepatic @entity3725 expression is probably directly related to the lipid metabolic disturbances observed in old animals. The beneficial effects of @entity3724 administration in old @entity35 suggests that fibrates may be useful for treating lipid disturbances in old @entity1 .

title: Age-related decrease in expression of XXXX and its effects on development of @entity2299 .

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha', 'PPAR', 'PPARalpha']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3725 :: (25747(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define potential improvement in @entity263 detection by application of a computer-aided, targeted, biopsy regimen using HistoScanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 80 @entity1 who underwent systematic transrectal, targeted transrectal, and targeted perineal biopsies. Each @entity1 was diagnosed preoperatively by HistoScanning, defining a maximum of 3 suspicious areas. These areas were biopsied, both transrectally and via the perineum, with a maximum of 3 cores per location. RESULTS: We detected @entity1069 in 30 @entity1 (37.5%), @entity75 in 10 (12.5%), and @entity263 in 28 (35%). The transrectal technique was used to detect 78.6% of all @entity5 using 14 cores by systematic biopsy. With a maximum of 9 targeted cores, 82.1% of all @entity5 were detected with the targeted perineal approach and 53.6% were detected with the targeted transrectal approach. Although our data did not show significant difference in the performance of targeted transperineal compared with systematic transrectal biopsies, the detection rate of targeted transrectal biopsies was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: The presented targeted biopsy scheme achieved an overall detection rate of 85% of @entity1486 -relevant pathologic lesions within the prostate. Thus, the presented procedure shows an improved detection rate compared with standard systematic prostate biopsies, and the number of cores required is reduced. Furthermore, the perineal HistoScanning-aided approach seems to be superior to the transrectal approach with respect to the @entity263 detection rate. The presented procedure might be a step toward reliable ultrasound-based tissue characterization and toward fulfilling the requirements of novel therapeutic strategies.

title: Computer-aided (HistoScanning) biopsies versus conventional transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: do targeted biopsy schemes improve the XXXX detection rate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Understanding of the echinoderm nervous system is limited due to its distinct organization in comparison to other animal phyla and by the difficulty in accessing it. The transparent and accessible, apodid sea @entity9688 Leptosynapta clarki provides novel opportunities for detailed characterization of echinoderm neural systems. The present study used immunohistochemistry against @entity12927 and @entity112 to describe the neural organization in juvenile and adult sea @entity9688 . Histaminergic- and FMRFaminergic-like immunoreactivity is reported in several distinct cell types throughout the body of L. clarki. @entity12927 -like immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the buccal tentacles, esophageal region and in proximity to the radial nerve cords. Sensory-like cells in the tentacles send processes toward the circumoral nerve ring, while unipolar and bipolar cells close to the radial nerve cords display extensive processes in close association with muscle and other cells of the body wall. @entity112 -like immunoreactivity was identified in neuronal somatas located in the buccal tentacles, circumoral nerve ring and in papillae distributed across the body. The tentacular cells send processes into the nerve ring, while the processes of cells in the body wall papillae extend to the surface epithelium and radial nerve cords. Pharmacological application of @entity112 produced a strong coordinated, peristaltic response of the body wall suggesting the role of @entity112 in the feeding behavior. Our immunohistochemical data provide evidence for extensive connections between the @entity3002 in the sea @entity9688 , challenging previously held views on a clear functional separation of the sub-components of the nervous system. Furthermore, our data indicate a potential function of @entity112 in coordinated, peristaltic movements; consistent with feeding patterns in this species. This study on L. clarki illustrates how using a broader range of neurotransmitter systems can provide better insight into the anatomy, function and evolution of echinoderm nervous sytems.

title: Novel insights into the echinoderm nervous system from histaminergic and FMRFaminergic-like cells in the sea XXXX Leptosynapta clarki.

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber', 'cucumbers']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['hyponeural and ectoneural nervous system']

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['cucumber']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether morbidly @entity28 and previously @entity28 @entity1 fail to lose weight after gastric bypass surgery because of reduced energy expenditure, and whether a large, surgically induced, rapid weight loss improves exercise capacity on a treadmill. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Four groups of 5 subjects: 1) @entity1 still @entity28 12 months after surgery (failure); 2) @entity1 who achieved normal weight after surgery (success); 3) @entity28 @entity1 who had not yet undergone surgery (preoperative); and 4) nonobese (control) subjects. Four subjects in the preoperative group were studied again at 6 months postsurgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and exercise capacity and peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) during treadmill exercise. RESULTS: TDEE or energy expenditure (EE) above basal metabolic rate (when normalized for body size) was similar for all groups, but the absolute energy consumption was higher in the preoperative and failure groups. Treadmill endurance time was greater in the success than the failure and preoperative groups, and the endurance times of these 3 groups were less than those of the nonobese subjects. Peak VO2 body weight was similar in the success, failure and preoperative groups, which meant that the peak VO2 was lower in the success group than in the preoperative and failure groups. Six months after surgery, peak VO2 had not decreased in the preoperative group. CONCLUSION: Failure to lose weight after isolated gastric bypass surgery was not because of a lower level of activity. Aerobic capacity was impaired 1 year, but not 6 months, after a large weight loss. Exercise training may be appropriate to maintain absolute peak @entity26 consumption.

title: Exercise capacity and energy expenditure of morbidly @entity28 and previously XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was applied to a @entity1 who had profound @entity1002 following extended @entity583 caused by the left main trunk obstruction. The @entity1 was a 61-year-old @entity1 , who had severe @entity5837 and was admitted 11 hours after the onset of the symptom. At the time of admission, he was already in @entity1455 . The emergent coronary angiography showed complete obstruction of the left main trunk and the intact right coronary artery which had no collateral flow to the left coronary artery. The intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was started bu could not maintain the satisfied circulation. Then a LVAD was applied to the @entity1 5 days after the onset. The LVAD maintained the normal circulation and prohibited exaspiration of organ failure. 19 days after the onset, scartectomy and A-C bypass to LAD was performed. The @entity1 could not be weaned from LVAD and died of @entity67 following @entity943 20 days after the installation of LVAD. The use of LVAD for nonoperative @entity1455 is rare. Circulatory support with a LVAD in the treatment of a @entity1 in @entity1455 following a @entity583 was considered useful.

title: [A case of extended XXXX treated with the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) before and after the operation--the value and limitation of LVAD].

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest distress']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Diminished synthesis of the neurotransmitter @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in the brain has been linked to disturbed memory processes. The present study investigated the effects of diminished central nervous @entity750 synthesis as achieved by an acute dietary @entity2340 depletion (ATD) on @entity2414 in young @entity1 while controlling for the effects of female sex hormones. Eighteen healthy females (aged 20-31 years) participated in a within-subject repeated measures study, with two separate days of assessment spaced at least one individual menstrual cycle apart. On one day, @entity1 were subjected to ATD, thus lowering central nervous @entity750 synthesis. The other day @entity1 received a @entity2340 -balanced @entity535 load (BAL = control condition). The study was randomized, counterbalanced and double blind in terms of ATD/BAL administration. Measurements took place in the early follicular phase of the @entity1 ' menstrual cycle. @entity172 , FSH and LH levels were assessed at baseline. @entity2414 was assessed using a structured word-learning task. Short-term memory, as indexed by immediate recall, was reduced after ATD intake, whereas delayed recall and recognition after a 25-min delay did not show any differences after intake of ATD or BAL. In young @entity1 , verbal short-term memory function was more vulnerable to ATD than consolidation processes. In light of the possible interplay between female sex hormones and @entity750 , further studies comparing different menstrual cycle phases are needed.

title: Influence of acute XXXX depletion on @entity2414 in young adult females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal declarative episodic memory', 'Verbal declarative episodic memory']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To help health professionals develop optimal strategies for controlling the @entity1118 caused by @entity0 . OUTCOMES: Pain control, absence of adverse effects. EVIDENCE: Systematic review of the literature up to Dec. 30, 1996, with nonsystematic coverage to July 1997. Where experimental evidence is lacking, recommendations are based on expert opinion. The evidence was evaluated and graded in "levels" (page S2). RECOMMENDATIONS: The nature and severity of @entity158 should be carefully evaluated using the history and physical examination. Psychosocial and emotional factors must also be identified. Adequacy of @entity158 control should be evaluated regularly. The first objective in the management of @entity158 due to @entity5 is to identify the cause and treat it whenever feasible. The first priority of treatment is to control @entity158 rapidly and completely, as judged by the @entity1 . The second priority is to prevent recurrence of @entity158 . The administration of analgesic medication should be based on a regular schedule, around the clock, with additional doses for @entity158 when necessary. When drug therapy is necessary, the World Health Organization (WHO) 3-step approach to the use of analgesics is recommended. The oral route should be the first choice for opioid administration. If the oral route fails, transdermal or rectal administration should be considered. When parenteral administration is necessary, the intravenous or subcutaneous routes can be used according to circumstances. Intramuscular administration of opioids is not recommended. Careful observation and titration are required when switching from 1 opioid to another, particularly when the @entity1 is already receiving a high dosage. When converting a @entity1 from long-term oral use of @entity1286 or @entity10748 to parenteral use, a ratio of 3:1 should usually be employed. (This ratio increases to 6:1 for opioid-naive @entity1 .) After initiating @entity1286 or making any change of dose or route of administration, the dosage should be evaluated after approximately 24 hours. Tolerance to opioids must not be confused with physical @entity734 or psychological, @entity734 (so-called "addiction"). @entity1 should be made aware of possible side effects of medications and should be encouraged to maintain a diary for recording medications taken, dosages and adverse events. Adjuvant analgesics should be administered, when necessary, with an opioid or nonopioid analgesic. Noninvasive measures such as psychosocial interventions and physical modalities may bring significant relief. Neuroinvasive procedures are rarely required and should only be considered when other interventions have failed. VALIDATION: The guidelines were reviewed and revised by a writing committee, expert primary reviewers, secondary reviewers selected from all regions of Canada and by the Steering Committee. The present guidelines reflect a consensus of all of these contributors. They have been reviewed and endorsed by the Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians and the Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists.

title: The management of @entity1118 in XXXX with @entity0 . The Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of @entity0 . Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians. Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The reflex interconnection of lower and @entity2045 muscles was investigated in subjects with chronic (greater than 1 year post-injury) lesions to the cervical spinal cord. Lower extremity mixed nerves were stimulated with single shocks or with brief trains of high-frequency stimuli of varying intensities. EMG from a number of lower and @entity2045 muscles was recorded on magnetic tape for later analysis. In one population of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) subjects, single stimuli to lower extremity nerves resulted in muscle responses in both ipsi- and contralateral @entity2045 muscles. The minimal response latency to a single shock was typically much less in muscles on the ipsilateral side than for contralateral @entity2045 muscles. Application of brief trains of stimuli (for example, 2 stimulus pulses at 500 Hz) typically resulted in a large reduction in latency to the contralateral motor response, such that it was now approximately equal to the ipsilateral motor response latency. This decline in response latency was not gradual with increasing afferent input. Instead, the response occurred either early or late, but not at intermediate latencies. Stimuli which were subthreshold for evoking M-waves or H-reflexes were sometimes still adequate to evoke @entity2045 motor responses. Once the threshold had been exceeded, the magnitude of the evoked response appeared to be independent of the stimulus magnitude. These reflex interconnections of lower and upper extremities were obtained only from subjects with chronic and motor-complete cervical @entity1566 . No such interlimb responses were seen in control subjects, or in subjects who had recovered some motor function below the level of their injury, and were now considered to be motor-incomplete quadriplegics.

title: Interlimb reflexes following cervical XXXX in man.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Postoperative wound complications can be a source of significant morbidity after open @entity4037 repair. By using smaller incisions a laparoscopic approach may decrease this complication. To determine the rate of wound complications after laparoscopic @entity4037 repair prospectively collected data on morbidity in 54 consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity4037 repair were analyzed. Wound complications were classified as major if there was an open wound or treatment with intravenous antibiotics was required. Minor wound complications consisted of wound erythema or drainage that was treated on an outpatient basis. Eighteen @entity1 underwent open @entity4037 repair. Thirty-six @entity1 underwent attempted laparoscopic repair; five required conversion to an open procedure. Wound complications occurred in 28 and 16 per cent of @entity1 undergoing open and successful laparoscopic repairs, respectively. However, only 3 per cent of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic repair had a major wound complication as compared with 22 per cent of @entity1 undergoing open herniorrhaphy. Two-thirds of the major wound complications in the attempted laparoscopic group occurred in @entity1 requiring conversion to an open procedure. @entity4037 is a safe and effective alternative to conventional open @entity4037 repair. The main advantage of this minimally invasive approach is a decrease in the rate of major wound complications.

title: XXXX reduces wound complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors provide a detailed review of the surgical management of @entity808 ( @entity808 ) and also discuss the best surgical approach based on the surgical anatomy and @entity5 extension. METHODS: A series of 17 @entity1 with @entity808 who were surgically treated between 1987 and 2008 at the authors' institution is reported. The lesions were small (< 3 cm) in 2, medium (between 3 and 4 cm) in 5, large (> 4 cm) in 6, and giant (> 5 cm) in 4 cases. Preoperative symptoms included trigeminal hypesthesia (53%), @entity158 (53%), @entity10 (35.3%), @entity393 (17.6%), @entity410 (17.6%), @entity892 (11.8%), @entity2055 (11.8%), and @entity1269 and @entity428 with @entity1829 (5.9%). The mean follow-up duration was 10.5 years (121.6 months), with an average of 0.8 @entity1 per year. RESULTS: Total @entity5 excision was possible in 16 @entity1 , with no surgery-related @entity204 . Postoperative trigeminal anesthesia was observed in 7; trigeminal motor function was preserved in 7. Two developed @entity5173 , 2 presented with mild @entity3541 , and 1 @entity1 with @entity8605 had recurrence of the @entity5 , which was uneventfully removed. Of the 9 who reported @entity158 , only 1 remained symptomatic postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The best treatment for @entity808 is complete microsurgical removal. Postoperative preservation of trigeminal nerve function is possible when resection of the lesion is performed at well-established skull base neurosurgical centers. Although good results have been reported with radiosurgery, no cure can be obtained with this therapeutic modality. Instead, this treatment should be reserved only for nonresectable and @entity41 within the cavernous sinus.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['TSs', 'trigeminal schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis Type 2']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['trigeminal schwannomas']