abstract: Despite the enormous advances in medicine, @entity1313 are still among the lesser-known types of @entity5 and carry the worst prognoses. Transition metals are believed to play an essential role in @entity105 . The aim of this study was to determine differences in the average oxidation state and trends in the changes in the chemical environment of @entity68 and @entity219 contained in healthy and neoplastic tissues of the @entity1 brain. For this purpose, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy was used, which enables the study of disordered matter. The samples were taken intraoperatively and then immediately frozen to slow down chemical processes. Sixteen @entity5 samples with various malignancy grades were studied as well as one control sample. For each sample four to eight spectra were recorded, with a shift between them not greater than 0.2 eV. In all of the samples, @entity68 occurred in compounds with both @entity8798 and @entity596 . However, the ratio of @entity8798 to @entity596 content in the tissue visibly increased with the @entity5 malignancy grade. The change in the oxidation state of @entity68 did not correlate with the @entity519 level of the tissues. Analysis of EXAFS spectra of @entity219 atoms showed that the chemical environment of @entity219 atoms differed with the @entity5 malignancy grade. Additionally, cryogenic conditions were found to produce positive results in studies of biological samples, whose form under such conditions is close to their native state, without preparation-caused artefacts.

title: The oxidation states and chemical environments of @entity68 and @entity219 as potential indicators of XXXX malignancy grade - preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that among @entity1 with radiographic knee @entity571 , @entity75 were significantly more common among @entity1 with knee @entity158 than those without. However, data were derived mostly from @entity1 with knee @entity571 , and there were few normal @entity1 without knee @entity571 in the data analyses. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of @entity75 detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to examine their prevalence according to the presence of knee @entity158 and @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in community residents in Korea. METHODS: Demographic and knee @entity158 data were obtained by questionnaire from 358 @entity1 of the population-based Hallym Aging Study who were recruited irrespective of the presence of knee @entity571 or @entity158 . Radiographic evaluations consisted of weight-bearing knee anteroposterior radiographs and 1.5-T MRI scans. @entity75 included prepatellar or anserine @entity2585 , @entity8060 , and tibiofibular cyst. The prevalence of each lesion in subjects with knee @entity571 or knee @entity158 compared to those without was examined by a chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 72  years and 50.6  % were female. Radiographic knee @entity571 was present in 34.5  %. The most prevalent @entity75 was @entity8060 (27.9  %), followed by tibiofibular cyst (9.5  %). Anserine @entity2585 and @entity45 were more common in subjects with knee @entity571 (17.5  % vs 2.2  % for anserine @entity2585 , 15.8  % vs 6.1  % for tibiofibular cyst in subjects with and without @entity571 , respectively), while @entity8060 and anserine @entity2585 were more common in subjects with knee @entity158 (36.3  % vs 21.8  % for @entity8060 , 14.4  % vs 2.5  % for anserine @entity2585 in subjects with and without knee @entity158 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 on MRI of the knee are common in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 . @entity9882 @entity2585 and @entity8060 are more common in subjects with knee @entity158 compared to those without.

title: The prevalence of @entity75 detected on magnetic resonance imaging in middle-aged and elderly XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['peri-articular lesion', 'Periarticular lesions', 'periarticular lesions']

entities_list: @entity9882 :: ('MESH:D000861', 'Chemical') :: ['Anserine']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['tibulofibular cyst']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["Baker's cyst", "Baker's cysts"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) are an important cause of @entity294 and the major cause of postdiarrheal @entity1381 . Non-O157 @entity21488 are being recognized with greater frequency because of changing laboratory practices. METHODS: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) site staff conducted active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed @entity21488 . We assessed frequency and incidence of @entity21488 by serogroup and examined and compared demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and frequency of international travel among @entity1 . RESULTS: During 2000-2010, FoodNet sites reported 2006 cases of non-O157 STEC infection and 5688 cases of O157 @entity21488 . The number of reported non-O157 @entity21488 increased from an incidence of 0.12 per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.95 per 100,000 in 2010; while the rate of O157 @entity21488 decreased from 2.17 to 0.95 per 100,000. Among non-O157 STEC, six serogroups were most commonly reported: O26 (26%), O103 (22%), O111 (19%), O121 (6%), O45 (5%), and O145 (4%). Non-O157 @entity21488 were more common among Hispanics, and @entity281 were less severe than those caused by O157 STEC, but this varied by serogroup. Fewer non-O157 @entity21488 were associated with outbreaks (7% versus 20% for O157), while more were associated with international travel (14% versus 3% for O157). CONCLUSIONS: Improved understanding of the epidemiologic features of non-O157 @entity21488 can inform food safety and other prevention efforts. To detect both O157 and non-O157 @entity21488 , clinical laboratories should routinely and simultaneously test all stool specimens submitted for diagnosis of acute community-acquired @entity294 for O157 STEC and for Shiga toxin and ensure that isolates are sent to a public health laboratory for serotyping and subtyping.

title: Increased recognition of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing XXXX @entity281 in the United States during 2000-2010: epidemiologic features and comparison with @entity526 O157 @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21488 :: ('MESH:D004927', 'Disease') :: ['STEC infections']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A large number of trials have assessed various chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of @entity5 , but there is uncertainty about the magnitude of survival benefits. METHODS: We searched (last update January 2006) for trials in @entity1 with @entity5 that compared neo-adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone; or different chemotherapy regimens among themselves (with or without background radiotherapy in both arms). Sixty-five trials were identified with survival data on 11,180 @entity1 . Results for survival were combined with fixed and random effects models and between-study heterogeneity was estimated. Separate results were obtained for different regimens, cycle length, and type of chemotherapy (neo-adjuvant, concurrent, without radiotherapy). RESULTS: Twenty two comparisons had survival data on 3837 @entity1 randomized to receive chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone; the summary relative hazard for mortality was 0.95, 95% CI, 0.83-1.08. Modest between-study heterogeneity (I2=38%) seemed to be due to contradictory results in early trials; trials published in the last decade had a summary relative hazard 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78-1.02) and no between-study heterogeneity (I2=0%). Results were similar for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and for concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. @entity900 or @entity900 -based combinations had no significant benefit overall, but a potential benefit was seen with short-length cycles (14 days) and a marginally significant harm with longer-length cycles (summary relative hazards 0.80, 95% CI, 0.66-0.99 and 1.18, 95% CI, 1.02-1.38, respectively). The summary relative hazard was 1.02, (95% CI, 0.84-1.24) for trials using neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.73-1.00) for trials using concurrent chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 is not encouraging for major survival benefits. However, small benefits have been observed in some trials, especially with short-length cycles of @entity900 -based regimens and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

title: Effects of different chemotherapy regimens on survival for XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancer', 'locally advanced or disseminated cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cervical cancer']


abstract: Male @entity2498 undergo seasonal cycles of food intake and growth rate, which are high during spring and low during winter, despite high quality food ad libitum. Hormonal profiles during the cessation of growth in autumn and the potential role of photoperiod in the timing of the observed changes have been investigated. Whether this seasonal decrease in growth affected the response of GH and IGF-I to fasting was also examined. Two groups of six male 1-year-old @entity2498 were exposed to different photoperiods after the summer solstice. One group (C) was given a simulated natural photoperiod while the other group (SS) was maintained on a summer solstice photoperiod (16L:8D). GH was measured in blood collected continuously and divided into pools every 5 min for 24 h in the fed state and after a 48-h fast on two occasions; the first was in November before photoperiod manipulation began and the second was in April approximately 16 weeks after initiating treatments. IGF-I, prolactin, and @entity251 were measured in weekly samples. Individual live weight and group food intake were also measured each week. The normal growth pattern seen in the C group was delayed in the SS group. Thus, from 7 March until the second GH sampling on 11 April the live weight of deer in group C fell; in contrast, deer in group SS continued to grow (-43 vs 186 g/day s.e.d. = 65.5, P < 0. 01). Food intake changes reflected the pattern of growth in both groups. Mean GH (P < 0.05), GH pulse amplitude (P < 0.01), and IGF-I (P < 0.001) declined in both groups from November to April. This decline was more marked in group C and in April these parameters were all lower in group C than in group SS (GH, P < 0.05; IGF-1, P < 0.01). Prolactin levels in April were also lower in group C than in group SS (P < 0.01); @entity251 was not affected by treatment. Fasting increased mean GH and GH pulse amplitude in both groups in November (P < 0.05). In April, the fasting response differed between the groups. In group C, mean GH, pulse amplitude, and pulse frequency were all greater in the fasted state than in the fed state (P < 0.05), while in group SS there were no significant differences (P > 0.05). IGF-I was lower in the fasted state than in the fed state at both sampling dates (P < 0.001). The seasonal decline in food intake and growth is associated with decreased GH, IGF-I, and prolactin concentrations, and increased @entity251 and the GH response associated with fasting. All these changes except those of @entity251 were delayed or reduced by continued exposure to a summer solstice photoperiod in autumn. The decreased photoperiod in autumn may thus influence the normal timing of the seasonal growth cycle.

title: Effects of photoperiod on the cessation of growth during autumn in male XXXX and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I secretion.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['red deer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ( @entity12962 ) in this Phase II trial as first-line therapy for ovarian @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity5 underwent surgical debulking. There were two @entity1732 -related @entity204 early in the trial; thus, the initial schedule of @entity1732 (20 units/m2 x 9 weeks for a maximum dose of </=30 units x 9) was changed, without subsequent mortality. The final dose schedule was 20 units/m2 @entity1732 iv push day 1 every 3 weeks x 4, 75 mg/m2 @entity2879 days 1-5 every 3 weeks x 4 and 20 mg/m2 @entity900 days 1-5 every 3 weeks x 4. The frequency of negative second-look surgery was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were entered; 18 were excluded. Grade 4 myelotoxicity occurred in 61% of the @entity1 . The end point used for response was negative second-look laparotomy. Thirty-seven percent (14/38) of the @entity1 undergoing second-look laparotomy had negative findings. The six complete responders were of long median duration (24.4 months). @entity1 with measurable disease were at the highest risk of progression and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: BEP appears to be an active combination regimen for first-line chemotherapy of @entity43 . Myelotoxicity was tolerable.

title: @entity1732 , XXXX , and @entity900 combination therapy of @entity43 and other @entity5 : A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stages II-IV or recurrent cancer', 'stromal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic utility of Heart Foundation (Australia) risk stratification table in an @entity2613 @entity662 population. METHODS: A planned sub-study of a prospective observational study of adult @entity1 with potentially cardiac @entity662 who underwent evaluation for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) was conducted. Data collected included demographical, clinical, ECG, biomarker and outcome data. Outcome of interest was diagnostic utility of the classification system for @entity1187 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) at index presentation and major adverse @entity299 (MACE) within 7 and 30 days. MACE included @entity204 , @entity1167 , revascularization, @entity1455 , @entity943 and prevalent (cause of presentation) and incident (occurring within the follow-up period) @entity583 . Analysis was by descriptive and receiver-operator curve analyses. RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 were studied; 109 had @entity583 (14.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.9-16.8%). There were 88 MACE at 7 days (13.5%, 95% CI 11.1-16.4%) and 93 MACE at 30 days (14.4%%, 95% CI 11.9-17.3%). Diagnostic performance (c-statistic) of the National Heart Foundation risk classification for @entity1187 , @entity583 , 7 and 30 day MACE was 0.74 for each (95% CI 0.71-0.77). Although sensitivity of the high-risk classification for @entity583 , 7 and 30 day MACE was high (99-100%), specificity was low (48-50%). CONCLUSION: The Heart Foundation risk classification shows only fair predictive performance for @entity583 , 7 and 30 day MACE. With specificity of approximately 50%, the recommendation for coronary care admission for all high-risk @entity1 is hard to justify.

title: How useful are the Heart Foundation risk criteria for assessment of emergency department XXXX with @entity662 ?

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 201Tl SPECT in the detection of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with previous radiotherapy for @entity11 . METHODS: The databases of PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and accuracy of studies. Studies were included if they comprised at least six eligible @entity1 who underwent 201Tl SPECT (index test) and in whom (histo)pathological confirmation (reference test) of the suspected @entity75 was obtained. Because of the methodological and statistical heterogeneity of the included studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was not performed. Instead, for every individual study, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of 201Tl SPECT was calculated. RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one was considered of high methodological quality. Methodological limitations referred most notably to blinding and @entity1 selection. The diagnostic odds ratio was greater than 1 in all studies included, with a broad range (2-351), and relatively wide 95% confidence intervals. The sensitivity of 201Tl SPECT ranged from 0.43 to 1.00, and the specificity from 0.25 to 1.00. CONCLUSION: 201Tl SPECT seems a valuable method in the detection of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy for @entity11 . However, the evidence is not very robust because of the low quality and high heterogeneity of the studies included. Future studies are warranted to further explore the diagnostic potential of 201Tl SPECT, and to determine optimum thresholds for the detection of @entity11 recurrence.

title: Systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography in the detection of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'supratentorial glioma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Spiral computed tomography (CT) has shown promising results in the detection of @entity1151 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether the severity of @entity1151 could be quantitatively assessed with spiral CT examinations and to test the potential clinical impact of this information. In a consecutive series of 123 @entity1 screened with spiral CT for suspected @entity1151 , 31 @entity1 (25%) had evidence of emboli. The severity of @entity3885 in those 31 spiral CT examinations was evaluated by two independent observers using angiographic scores previously described by Walsh (29) and Miller (30), adapted to the needs of spiral CT. Clinical @entity1 subgroups were defined according to @entity26 saturation, heart rate, and echocardiographic signs of right ventricular strain. CT severity scores were then correlated to each other and to clinical parameters using the Spearman rank test. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the analysis of variance. Both modified Walsh and Miller scores were readily reproducible and showed interobserver agreements of 0.85 and 0.96, respectively (p = 0.001). @entity1 with mild and marked @entity922 showed statistically significant differences between CT severity scores. Differences between severity scores of @entity1 with moderate and marked @entity922 were somewhat significant. No significant mean severity score differences were seen between @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity922 . Although correlations of severity scores and detailed clinical parameters within the defined subgroups were moderate to poor, threshold scores greater than 10 (Miller) and greater than 11 (Walsh) always indicated marked @entity922 . The modified scores presented in this study constitute a readily reproducible method for the quantitative assessment of @entity1151 severity on spiral CT examinations.

title: Severity assessment of XXXX with spiral CT: evaluation of two modified angiographic scores and comparison with clinical data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical abnormalities']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity166 in the skin represent a major group of pathologies that contribute annually for significant health economic expenses. According to WHO, @entity14316 ( @entity14316 ) and @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) are two neglected @entity66 for which therapy remains inadequate. Topical delivery of therapeutics constitutes an advantageous alternative to treat @entity272 as it allows a direct treatment of affected areas avoiding unwanted systemic effects and reducing the drug dosage. However, effective topical delivery of antimicrobial agents is still a challenge. The emergence of difficult-to-treat @entity272 such as @entity14316 or the increasing incidence of @entity4536 highlights the need for new antimicrobial agents and new delivery systems. In the present review problems related to mycobacterial and parasitic @entity272 will be particularly focused as well as new alternative strategies for their treatment. Currently, progresses and challenges in constructing nanocarrier platforms for delivering various antimicrobial drugs for @entity272 have been attempted. This article reviews the potential of these nanocarriers in the treatment of @entity281 , especially regarding mycobacteria and Leishmania induced @entity272 . Nanostructured biomaterials, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, have unique physicochemical properties enabling the topical application of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanosystems have been investigated for the topical delivery of well-known drugs or new therapeutic candidates. This approach is just the beginning of a stimulating nanotechnological area.

title: Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Cutaneous Leishmaniais and XXXX Management.

entities_list: @entity14316 :: ('MESH:D054312', 'Disease') :: ['BU', 'Buruli Ulcer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous infections']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous Leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['infected skin lesions', 'skin lesions', 'skin mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious diseases']

answer: @entity14316 :: (MESH:D054312,Disease) :: ['Buruli Ulcer']


abstract: Various oesophageal manometric disorders have been associated with @entity662 or @entity1282 . The @entity1319 are @entity1318 and @entity2473 . In @entity1318 , a disorder of aperistalsis in the oesophageal body and incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter, either surgical myotomy or @entity384 is an effective approach, although some investigators have suggested a role for pharmacological therapy. For the treatment of @entity2473 , a disorder of non-peristaltic motor activity in the oesophagus, various pharmacological approaches with @entity3362 , anticholinergics, and @entity460 antagonists have been used. In the presence of associated lower oesophageal sphincter dysfunction, bouginage or @entity384 may be indicated. Long oesophagomyotomy should be considered for those @entity1 who fail to respond to these measures. Recent manometric techniques have led to the identification of @entity1 with @entity662 or @entity1282 who have abnormalities of increased contractile amplitude ('nutcracker' oesophagus) or duration. An association with @entity354 or with @entity146 disturbance has been suggested. Treatment directed towards these factors is indicated and may be supplemented by pharmacological intervention, e.g. by @entity460 antagonists or anticholinergics.

title: XXXX . Current therapeutic concepts.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse oesophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['classic motility disorders']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['Primary oesophageal motility disorders']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the incidence, risks, management, and outcomes of nontumoral @entity5142 after supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) in a case series of 376 consecutive SCPLs performed at 1 institution from 1975 to 1995 with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Post-SCPL nontumoral symptomatic @entity5142 was defined as an inability to decannulate @entity1 before the 60th postoperative day (group 1) or the development of @entity1353 (in @entity1 without local recurrence) after an initial period of prolonged, successful decannulation (group 2). Of 376 SCPLs performed, nontumoral symptomatic @entity5142 developed in 14 (3.7%). There were 7 @entity1 (1.85%) in group 1 and 7 @entity1 (1.85%) in group 2. In univariate analysis, none of the following variables appeared to be statistically related to the risk of immediate @entity850 (group 1): age, gender, comorbidity, @entity6 , symptomatic @entity354 , @entity3468 , preoperative radiotherapy, arytenoid cartilage disarticulation, type of reconstruction performed, and postoperative radiotherapy. A delayed @entity5142 (group 2) was statistically more likely to occur if the reconstruction performed at the time of SCPL was a cricohyoidopexy (p = .01). Successful management of the @entity5142 without permanent tracheostomy was achieved in 5 group 1 @entity1 and 3 group 2 @entity1 . We believe that @entity850 in group I @entity1 arose through technical error, whereas group 2 @entity1 seemed to suffer from problems of healing, mainly cicatricial narrowing of the airway at the site of the @entity3355 , or pexis. As a result, whereas @entity5142 in group 1 @entity1 was usually more easily correctable through dilation, laser incision, or resection of redundant tissue or revision of the impaction, @entity5142 in group 2 @entity1 presented a more difficult and frustrating complication. The management and outcomes of these @entity1 are presented.

title: XXXX after supracricoid partial laryngectomy.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['cricohyoidal impaction']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal stenosis']


abstract: Texturization of @entity1346 -filled breast implants has been shown to reduce the incidence of capsular @entity1159 . A double-blind clinical study was undertaken to compare this incidence in saline-filled implants with textured or with smooth surfaces. Twenty-one @entity1 underwent mammary augmentation with a textured implant in one breast and a smooth implant in the other. The implants were placed subglandularly. All operations were performed by the same surgeon and all follow-up examinations by another. Breast hardness was evaluated 6 months postoperatively with applanation tonometry, using Baker's grading, and after 12 months, now also with a questionnaire concerning the @entity1 's evaluation. Capsular @entity1159 (Baker 3) had occurred in 33 percent of the breasts at the end of the study, and was bilateral in five cases. The incidence of @entity1159 and the @entity1 ' views on the results did not differ between textured and smooth prostheses or between right and left breasts. Five @entity1 requested reoperation, two of them because of @entity0 . Texturization of saline-filled implants thus did not reduce the incidence of capsular @entity1159 .

title: Capsular XXXX with textured versus smooth saline-filled implants for breast augmentation: a prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast hardness']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between left atrial (LA) function and exercise performance. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at a referral cardiopulmonary exercise laboratory in a university hospital. @entity1 : Forty-one @entity1 with recent @entity583 . INTERVENTIONS: M-mode echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing combined with radionuclide ventriculography. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Hemodynamic measurements were obtained at rest and peak exercise. LA fractional @entity3207 at rest was used as an index of global LA function. LA fractional @entity3207 had fair correlations with peak @entity26 consumption (r=0.67, p<0.01) and exercise duration (r=0.71, p<0.01). Although there were no significant relations between LA fractional @entity3207 and hemodynamic measurements at rest, LA fractional @entity3207 was positively related to peak cardiac output (r=0.61, p<0.01) and peak @entity64 volume (r=0.57, p<0.01), and negatively related to peak pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (r=-0.44, p<0.05). In addition, LA fractional @entity3207 correlated significantly with an increase in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume from rest to peak exercise (r=0.48, p<0.02), but did not correlate with the changes in ejection fraction and end-systolic volume during exercise. An increase in LV end-diastolic volume during exercise was significantly related to peak @entity26 consumption (r=0.46, p<0.02), peak cardiac output (r=0.60, p<0.01), and peak @entity64 volume (r=0.53, p<0.01), whereas the changes in ejection fraction and end-systolic volume during exercise were not related to these indexes. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise capacity and LV performance during exercise were mainly dependent on LV diastolic filling rather than systolic contraction during exercise. LA fractional @entity3207 at rest reflected LV diastolic filling during exercise and, therefore, predicted cardiac output and @entity64 volume responses to exercise and exercise capacity in @entity1 with recent @entity583 .

title: Left atrial function as a reliable predictor of exercise capacity in @entity1 with recent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2198 (HFOs) can be recorded in @entity302 @entity1 with clinical intracranial EEG. HFOs have been associated with @entity410 genesis because they occur in the @entity410 focus and during @entity410 onset. HFOs are also found interictally, partly co-occurring with @entity302 spikes. We studied how HFOs are influenced by antiepileptic medication and @entity410 occurrence, to improve understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical meaning of HFOs. METHODS: Intracerebral depth EEG was partly sampled at 2,000 Hz in 42 @entity1 with intractable @entity1625 . @entity1 with five or more usable nights of recording were selected. A sample of slow-wave sleep from each night was analyzed, and HFOs (ripples: 80-250 Hz, fast ripples: 250-500 Hz) and spikes were identified on all artifact-free channels. The HFOs and spikes were compared before and after @entity410 with stable medication dose and during medication reduction with no intervening @entity410 . RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 with five to eight nights were included. After @entity410 , there was an increase in spikes, whereas HFO rates remained the same. Medication reduction was followed by an increase in HFO rates and mean duration. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to spikes, high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) do not increase after @entity410 , but do so after medication reduction, similarly to @entity410 . This implies that spikes and HFOs have different pathophysiologic mechanisms and that HFOs are more tightly linked to @entity410 than spikes. HFOs seem to play an important role in @entity410 genesis and can be a useful clinical marker for disease activity.

title: @entity2198 mirror disease activity in XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['High-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is a @entity5 caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Individuals with @entity4309 have a greatly increased risk of developing @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and it is therefore important to identify mutation carriers so they can undergo regular surveillance. @entity5 DNA from @entity4309 @entity1 characteristically shows @entity124 ( @entity124 ). Our aim here was to screen young @entity14 @entity1 for @entity124 as a first step in the identification of unrecognized cases of @entity4309 in the Saudi population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival @entity5 tissue was obtained from 284 @entity14 @entity1 treated at 4 institutes in Dammam and Riyadh between 2006 and 2015 and aged less than 60 years at diagnosis. @entity124 screening was performed using the BAT-26 microsatellite marker and positive cases confirmed using the pentaplex @entity124 analysis system. Positive cases were screened for @entity817 mutations to exclude @entity14 and were evaluated for loss of expression of 4 DNA mismatch repair proteins using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity124 was found in 33/284 (11.6%) cases, of which only one showed a @entity817 mutation. Saudi @entity124 cases showed similar instability in the BAT-26 and BAT-25 markers to @entity124 cases, but significantly lower frequencies of instability in 3 other microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity124 screening of young Saudi @entity14 @entity1 reveals that approximately 1 in 9 are candidates for @entity4309 . @entity1 with @entity124 are strongly recommended to undergo genetic counselling and germline mutation testing for @entity4309 . Other affected family members can then be identified and offered regular surveillance for early detection of @entity4309 -associated @entity5 .

title: Screening for XXXX in Young @entity14 @entity1 from Saudi Arabia Using Microsatellite Instability as the Initial Test.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability', 'Australian MSI']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'Lynch Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'familial cancer condition']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'sporadic CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reported frequency with which @entity884 is ascribed to an antecedent dental or medical procedure varies from 3% to 62%. METHODS: We performed a nationwide prospective study of the epidemiology of @entity3555 in the Netherlands. During a 2-year period, all consecutively hospitalized @entity1 suspected of having @entity884 were visited while still hospitalized for a review of the medical record and an in- @entity1 interview that focused on antecedent procedures and administered prophylaxis. All information was checked with pharmacists and dental and medical practitioners. RESULTS: Of 427 @entity1 with late prosthetic or native @entity340 , 275 were eligible for antibiotic prophylaxis because of a previously known @entity299 (n = 197) or a prosthetic valve (n = 78). Of these 275 @entity1 , 64 (23.3%) had undergone a procedure with an indication for prophylaxis within 180 days of onset; in 31 (11.3%) the procedures had been within 30 days of onset. Antibiotic prophylaxis had been administered to 17 (26.6%) of the 64 @entity1 and to eight (25.8%) of the 31 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results indicate that medical and dental procedures cause only a small fraction of @entity884 . The majority of @entity1 develop the disease along other routes. For an incubation period of 180 days, full compliance with prophylaxis might have prevented @entity884 in 47 (17.1%) of 275 @entity1 with late prosthetic or native @entity340 involving a previously known @entity299 who underwent a procedure with an indication for prophylaxis. For an incubation period of 30 days, prophylaxis might have prevented @entity884 in 23 (8.4%) of these 275 @entity1 , or 5.3% of all @entity1 with @entity884 (n = 427).

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in The Netherlands. II. Antecedent procedures and use of prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity3555 :: (MESH:D004697,Disease) :: ['bacterial endocarditis']


abstract: This study was designed to compare an abbreviated evaluation of uterine contents at term (teratology probe) with a modified Chernoff-Kavlock assay (postnatal study), [Chernoff N, Kavlock RJ: J Toxicol Environ Health 10:541-550, 1982]. @entity19 were intubated during gestation and were evaluated for signs of @entity137 . In the teratology probe, uterine contents were examined at term. In the postnatal study, offspring were examined and weighed through day 22 postpartum. @entity39372 (EGEE) produced @entity2085 and @entity600 , and decreased fetal weight at a dose level which was not maternally toxic in the teratology probe. In the postnatal study, EGEE decreased litter size and neonatal body weight; while litter size continued to decrease beyond the neonatal period, body weights of surviving pups were not significantly different from control. Pups exposed prenatally to EGEE developed kinked tail which was not apparent in fetuses or neonates. Maternally toxic dose levels of @entity28541 and @entity1068 were associated with increased @entity2085 in teratology probe studies. In postnatal studies, there were no significant effects on pup growth or survival at maternally toxic dose levels. Preliminary conclusions regarding maternal and developmental @entity137 were comparable based on the teratology probe or postnatal study. Both assays measure litter size and offspring weight, but the teratology probe measures resorption incidence which may be a more sensitive index of prenatal death than number of live born. Neither fetal weight nor neonatal weight reliably predict permanent alteration of growth. A postnatal study permits detection of internal @entity600 or functional defects which reduce postnatal survival and gross abnormalities which appear postnatally.

title: A comparison of developmental @entity137 evident at term to postnatal growth and survival using @entity39372 , XXXX and @entity1068 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo lethality']

entities_list: @entity39372 :: ('MESH:C021296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity28541 :: ('MESH:C017096', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol monobutyl ether']

answer: @entity28541 :: (MESH:C017096,Chemical) :: ['ethylene glycol monobutyl ether']


abstract: During 1980-1981, solvents leaked from an underground storage tank of a semiconductor firm in southern Santa Clara County, @entity7452 , contaminating local drinking water. The contaminated well was closed in December 1981. An epidemiologic study conducted in 1983 confirmed statistically significant excesses of adverse pregnancy outcomes in an exposed community compared with an unexposed community, but could not establish a causal connection between the leak and the adverse outcomes. This study expanded the first study; adverse pregnancy outcomes occurring in 1980-1985 were studied in two communities exposed to the contaminated drinking water and in two demographically comparable but unexposed communities. The period 1980-1981 was the time period in which the well was considered to have been contaminated and 1982-1985 was considered the postcontamination time period. Both exposed and unexposed communities were considered unexposed during the latter period (1982-1985). Out of 10,055 households surveyed, interviews were conducted with 1,105 @entity1 who reported one or more eligible pregnancies. @entity2208 and @entity600 were validated by medical record review or physician reports. Although the authors again observed statistically significant excesses of spontaneous @entity5852 and @entity600 in the originally studied exposed area in 1980-1981, they observed deficits of these outcomes in the second exposed study area. Adjustment for potential confounders did not alter these findings. Analyses of pregnancy outcomes during 1981 in relation to exposure estimates based on hydrogeologic modeling of water and contaminant distribution within the exposed areas also indicated that the leak was not likely to have caused the observed excesses of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the originally studied area.

title: Pregnancy outcomes in XXXX potentially exposed to solvent-contaminated drinking water in San Jose, @entity7452 .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['Miscarriages']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The biological characteristics of @entity1486 were studied in the Nigerian African. Two hundred and fourteen @entity1 were selected for the study. The group was made up of 59 apparently healthy @entity1 (age range 22-76 years), 58 @entity1 (age range 40-91 years) who had biopsy proven diagnosis of @entity263 , 81 @entity1 (age range 46-87 years) who had biopsy proven @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and 16 @entity1 (age range 23-47 years). Their median ages were 53 years, 66 years, 66 years and 27 years, respectively. The median PSA value among the control population was 0.7 ug/L (range 0.1-4.3 ug/L) and 98.3% of them had PSA of less than 4 ug/L. No @entity1 below 50 years of age had PSA value greater than 2 ug/L. There was a significant correlation between age and serum PSA value over the entire age range (r = 0.523; P = 0.001). In the female study group, 4(25%) had detectable values the cause of which could not be determined. The median PSA value among the @entity1067 @entity1 was 8.5 ug/L (range 0.2-350 ug/L). In this group 37% of them had values below 4 ug/L and 54.3% of them had values less than 10 ug/L. Among the @entity1 who had @entity263 the median PSA value was 92.6 ug/L and the mode was greater than 350 ug/L (32% of the @entity1 ); 10% and 20% of them had values below 4 ug/L and 10 ug/L respectively. It is concluded that the trend is the same as in the studies and there is the need for prostate gland volume studies and evaluation of @entity1 who have detectable PSA values.

title: XXXX in the Nigerian African.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the prostate gland']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate specific antigen']


abstract: @entity1224 are key pathophysiological features of @entity565 . Bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) are objective tests for AHR that are clinically useful to aid in the diagnosis of @entity565 in both adults and @entity1 . BPTs can be either "direct" or "indirect," referring to the mechanism by which a stimulus mediates bronchoconstriction. Direct BPTs refer to the administration of pharmacological agonist (e.g., @entity2710 or @entity112 ) that act on specific receptors on the airway smooth muscle. @entity32 and/or airway remodeling may be key determinants of the response to direct stimuli. Indirect BPTs are those in which the stimulus causes the release of mediators of bronchoconstriction from inflammatory cells (e.g., exercise, allergen, @entity2656 ). Airway sensitivity to indirect stimuli is dependent upon the presence of @entity32 (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils), which responds to treatment with @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ). Thus, there is a stronger relationship between indices of @entity134 -sensitive @entity32 (e.g., sputum eosinophils, fraction of exhaled @entity842 ) and airway sensitivity to indirect compared to direct stimuli. Regular treatment with @entity4185 does not result in the complete inhibition of responsiveness to direct stimuli. AHR to indirect stimuli identifies individuals that are highly likely to have a clinical improvement with @entity4185 therapy in association with an inhibition of airway sensitivity following weeks to months of treatment with @entity4185 . To comprehend the clinical utility of direct or indirect stimuli in either diagnosis of @entity565 or monitoring of therapeutic intervention requires an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AHR and mechanisms of action of both stimuli.

title: Airway hyperresponsiveness in XXXX : mechanisms, clinical significance, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity299 are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. @entity204 is a common consequence of many types of @entity299 and is usually irreversible. Scar tissues formed by cardiac fibroblasts serve compensatory roles for the injured heart but eventually weaken cardiac function and result in life-threatening @entity712 . Unfortunately, adult @entity1 hearts have limited regenerative capacities. In the past decades, many interventional approaches have been taken in an attempt to restore functional cardiomyocytes in an injured heart. Promising advances have been made in directly reprogramming @entity19 fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, several different methods have been reported, including the use of transcription factors and microRNAs. In addition, two in vivo studies showed heart function improvements with delivery of reprogramming factors in @entity19 infarcted hearts. Although many of these studies are at early preliminary stages, the plausibility of applying cardiac reprogramming on @entity1 for regenerative purposes is exciting, and may lead to numerous novel research directions in the field. This review will discuss the history, recent advances and challenges of cellular reprogramming, specifically in the field of cardiac regeneration.

title: Direct somatic cell reprogramming: treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failures']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac diseases', 'heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyocyte death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A total of 4 additional splice variants (survivin-DeltaEx3, survivin 2alpha, survivin-2B, and survivin-3B) have been described for survivin [baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein ( @entity23249 ), approved gene symbol @entity23249 ], which has been implicated in both inhibition of apoptosis and regulation in mitosis in many @entity5 types. In this study, we assessed whether the survivin splice variants modulate or add to the prognostic value of total survivin in @entity0 . METHODS: With quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we measured mRNA concentrations of survivin and all variants in @entity5 tissue from 275 @entity1 with @entity0 and associated these with clinicopathologic characteristics and relapse-free survival. RESULTS: Total survivin, survivin-DeltaEx3, and survivin 2alpha mRNA levels were associated with young age and ductal histology. Total survivin and survivin-DeltaEx3 were highest in samples with advanced histological grade, whereas @entity1 with 4-9 involved lymph nodes expressed less survivin-2B mRNA than those with 1-3 involved nodes. All variants were higher in @entity5 negative for @entity134 hormone receptors. Total survivin, survivin 2alpha, and survivin-3B were associated with poor relapse-free survival in univariate analyses. Survivin 2alpha and survivin-3B added to the prognostic value of total survivin in multivariate analyses. In addition, the prognostic value of total survivin was evident only in the presence of higher expression levels of these 2 variants. CONCLUSIONS: All variants of survivin exhibited particular associations with clinicopathologic characteristics (age, histology, grade, and @entity134 hormone receptor status) of @entity0 @entity1 . Survival analyses suggest a modulating role of survivin 2alpha and survivin-3B on the biological function of total survivin.

title: Do the survivin ( XXXX ) splice variants modulate or add to the prognostic value of total survivin in @entity0 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity23249 :: (332,Gene) :: ['BIRC5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore prescribing practitioners' perspectives on prescribed @entity10425 use, their ability to identify @entity734 and their options for treatment in the UK. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design using a questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended items. SETTING: A nationally representative sample of prescribing professionals working in the UK. @entity1 : 300 prescribing professionals working in primary care and @entity158 settings. RESULTS: @entity1 stated that they regularly reviewed @entity1 prescribed @entity10425 , understood the risks of @entity734 and recognised the potential for @entity10425 to be used recreationally. Over half the @entity1 felt @entity1 were unaware of the adverse health consequences of high doses of combination @entity10425 medicines. One-quarter of @entity1 experienced @entity1 resentment when asking about medicines containing @entity10425 . Just under 40% of @entity1 agreed that it was difficult to identify problematic use of @entity10425 without being informed by the @entity1 and did not feel confident in identification of @entity10425 @entity734 . Less than 45% of all @entity1 agreed that @entity10425 @entity734 could be managed effectively in general practice. Slow or gradual withdrawal was the most popular suggested treatment in managing @entity734 . Education and counselling was also emphasised in managing @entity10425 -dependent @entity1 in primary care. CONCLUSIONS: Communication with @entity1 should involve assessment of @entity1 understanding of their medication, including the risk of @entity734 . There is a need to develop extra supports for professionals including @entity1 screening tools for identifying @entity10425 @entity734 . The support structure for managing @entity10425 -dependent @entity1 in primary care requires further examination.

title: Medical professionals' perspectives on prescribed and over-the-counter medicines containing XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity10425 :: (MESH:D003061,Chemical) :: ['codeine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of tertiary cytoreductive surgery (TC) for secondary recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ), focusing on whether optimal cytoreduction has an impact on disease-free survival, and whether certain @entity1 characteristics could identify ideal candidates for TC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of secondary recurrent @entity43 @entity1 undergoing TC at three Turkish tertiary institutions from May 1997 to July 2014 was performed. All @entity1 had previously received primary cytoreduction followed by intravenous @entity902 -based chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction for first recurrence. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from the @entity1 ' medical records. Survival analysis was caried out using the Kaplan Meier method. Actuarial curves were compared by the two tailed Logrank test with a statistical significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Median age of the @entity1 was 49.6 years (range, 30-67) and thirty-eight (72%) had stage III-IV disease at initial diagnosis. Twenty six (49%) had optimal and 27 (51%) suboptimal cytoreduction during tertiary debulking surgery . Optimal initial cytoreduction, time to first recurrence, optimal secondary cytoreduction, time interval between secondary cytoreduction and secondary recurrence, size of recurrence, disease status at last follow-up were found to be significant risk factors to predict optimal TC. Optimal cytoreduction in initial and tertiary surgery and serum CA-125 level prior to TC were independent prognostic factors on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results and a literature review clearly showed that maximal surgical effort should be made in TC, since @entity1 undergoing optimal TC have a better survival. Thus, @entity1 with secondary recurrent @entity43 in whom optimal cytoreduction can be achieved should be actively selected.

title: Tertiary Cytoreduction for Recurrent XXXX : a Multicenter Study in Turkey.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Epithelial Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity14213 (AP) is a major active anti-inflammatory compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata Nees. The metabolism stability of AP is one of the key factors for its further development as a new drug candidate. In order to clarify the biotransformation of AP among species, a comparative investigation of its in vitro metabolic pathways in @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity35 liver microsomes was carried out. METHODS: In the present study, the in vitro metabolic profiles of AP using pooled @entity1 (HLMs), @entity235 (DLMs) and @entity35 (RLMs) liver microsomes were studied. The in vitro biotransformation including phase I and phase II incubation systems and metabolic stabilities of AP were studied for the first time. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) was used for identification of metabolites and quantification of AP. RESULTS: Eight phase I and five phase II metabolites resulted from dehydration, deoxygenation, hydrogenation and glucuronidation were tentatively identified by accurate mass measurement and @entity15 / @entity15 fragmentation behavior. A dehydration reaction was detected in all these incubation systems. Deoxy-AP and the related glucuronide metabolites were observed in HLMs only. Besides, the metabolic stabilities of AP in the three liver microsomes showed that the in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint) of RLMs was much higher than that of HLMs and DLMs. CONCLUSIONS: A qualitative and semi-quantitative method was developed for the identification and metabolic stabilities of AP. The general metabolic profiles between three species were clarified. Significant species differences indicated a more cautious strategy for further pharmacokinetics research of AP in animal models.

title: Comparative metabolism and stability of @entity14213 in liver microsomes from @entity1 , XXXX and @entity35 using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity14213 :: ('MESH:C030419', 'Chemical') :: ['Andrographolide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The avian lateral septal organ (LSO) is a telencephalic circumventricular specialization with liquor-contacting neurons (Kuenzel and van Tienhoven [1982] J. Comp. Neurol. 206:293-313). We studied the topological position of the @entity1573 LSO relative to molecular borders defined previously within the telencephalic subpallium (Puelles et al. [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 424:409-438). Differential expression of @entity40601 and @entity40602 homeobox genes, or the @entity40603 gene encoding a secreted morphogen, allows distinction of striatal, pallidal, and preoptic subpallial sectors. The @entity1573 LSO complex was characterized chemoarchitectonically from embryonic to posthatching stages, by using immunohistochemistry for calbindin, @entity669 hydroxylase, @entity40602 , and BEN proteins and in situ hybridization for @entity40602 , @entity40604 , @entity40605 , @entity40603 , and @entity40601 mRNA. Medial and lateral parts of LSO appear, respectively, at the striatal part of the septum and adjacent bottom of the lateral ventricle (accumbens), in lateral continuity with another circumventricular organ that forms along a thin subregion of the entire striatum, abutting the molecular striatopallidal boundary; we called this the "striatopallidal organ" (SPO). The SPO displays associated distal periventricular cells, which are lacking in the LSO. Moreover, the SPO is continuous caudomedially with a thin, linear ependymal specialization found around the extended amygdala and preoptic areas. This differs from SPO and LSO in some molecular aspects. We tentatively identified this structure as being composed of an "extended amygdala organ" (EAO) and a "preoptohypothalamic organ" (PHO). The position of LSO, SPO, EAO, and PHO within a linear @entity40601 -expressing ventricular domain that surrounds the @entity40602 -expressing pallidopreoptic domain provides an unexpected insight into possible common and differential causal mechanisms underlying their formation.

title: XXXX lateral septal organ and other circumventricular organs form in a striatal subdomain abutting the molecular striatopallidal border.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of electroacupuncture in @entity1 with @entity239 , a syndrome of unknown origin causing diffuse @entity4512 . DESIGN: Three weeks' randomised study with blinded @entity1 and evaluating physician. SETTING: University divisions of physical medicine and rehabilitation and rheumatology, Geneva. @entity1 : 70 @entity1 (54 @entity1 ) referred to the division for @entity239 as defined by the American College of Rheumatology. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomised to electroacupuncture (n = 36) or a sham procedure (n = 34) by means of an electronic numbers generator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 threshold, number of analgesic tablets used, regional @entity158 score, @entity158 recorded on visual analogue scale, sleep quality, morning @entity2693 , and @entity1 's and evaluating physician's appreciation. RESULTS: Seven of the eight outcome parameters showed a significant improvement in the active treatment group whereas none were improved in the sham treatment group. Differences between the groups were significant for five of the eight outcome measures after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Electroacupuncture is effective in relieving symptoms of @entity239 . Its potential in long term management should now be studied.

title: Electroacupuncture in XXXX : results of a controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of GSM 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields ( @entity6470 EMF) exposure on protein expression profile of @entity1 @entity0 cell line (MCF-7), as to exploring the possible effects on normal cell physiological function. METHODS: MCF-7 cells were continuously or intermittently (5 minutes field on followed by 10 minutes off) exposed to @entity6470 EMF for different duration (1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours) at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3.5 W/kg. The extracted proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and the protein-spot distribution of the @entity575 -stained gels was analyzed by using PDQuest software 7.1. Each experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: On the average, around 1100 proteins were detected using pH 4 - 7 IPG strip. There were no differential proteins found under continuous exposure at SAR of 3.5 W/kg for 6 hours. Under other exposure conditions, we found various differentially expressed proteins in exposure groups as compared with the sham-exposed controls. Especially in 3 hours intermittent exposure and 12 hours continuous exposure, eighteen and seven differential proteins were detected, respectively. The categories and functions of these differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by searching of SWISS- @entity8109 protein database, which suggested that these proteins should be related to the functions of biosynthesization, signal transduction, and DNA damage and repair. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicated that the protein expression changes induced by @entity6470 radiation might depend on exposure duration and mode. Many biological processes might be affected by @entity6470 exposure.

title: [Effects of GSM 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on protein expression profile of @entity1 XXXX cell MCF-7].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: American Indian @entity1 have among the highest incidence and mortality rates of @entity5 in the United States. The incidence of @entity5 among American Indians is 19.5/100,000 versus 7.8/100,000 in U. @entity1762 , and comparison by geographic region/tribe indicates that the rate is four to six times higher in some tribes. Papanicolaou cytological testing (Pap smear) permits the detection of @entity75 before they become cancerous, effectively reducing the incidence of @entity5 by 75-90%. The American @entity5 Society recommends a Pap smear every year beginning at age 18 years or when sexually active, and more frequent screening in high-risk populations. METHODS: A random household cross-sectional survey was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, to assess @entity5 screening rates among 519 adult urban American Indian @entity1 . Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of Pap smear use. RESULTS: Three-quarters (76.1%) of urban @entity1 American Indian surveyed received a Pap smear within the past 3 years, but only 49.5% received a Pap smear within the last year. @entity1 over age 50 years were significantly less likely to have received a recent Pap smear in comparison to younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that limited access to health care and lack of knowledge about the procedure were important barriers to Pap smear use. Improving @entity5 screening participation rates is an important step in reducing the disease burden in this high-risk population.

title: Pap smear screening among urban Southwestern American Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cancer', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 and blood @entity413 level (BGL) are emerging as important prognosticators of outcome in @entity3124 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of @entity6 and pre-hospital BGL on survival to hospital discharge and on 12-month functional recovery after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA). DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a statewide @entity1167 registry in Victoria, Australia. We included 11 873 adult @entity1 who had had an OHCA of presumed cardiac aetiology between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2015. Of these, 2438 (20.5%) had documented @entity6 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival to hospital discharge and 12-month functional recovery, measured using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Crude survival to hospital discharge differed among @entity1 with and without @entity6 (6.8% v 13.4%; P < 0.001). @entity6 significantly reduced the odds of survival to hospital discharge for @entity1 presenting with a shockable rhythm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38-0.86; P = 0.007) and reduced the odds of good 12-month functional recovery for @entity1 discharged alive (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.95; P = 0.03). In contrast, a mild-to-moderate elevation of pre-hospital BGL (8.0- 15.9 mmol/L) was present in 695 of 1319 @entity1 with available data (52.7%) and was associated with improved survival and functional recovery outcomes, which were independent of @entity6 status. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 affects at least one in five @entity1 who have had an OHCA and is associated with poorer survival and 12-month functional recovery after OHCA. In comparison, an elevated pre-hospital BGL is common in the peri-arrest period and may be associated with improved outcomes.

title: Effect of XXXX and pre-hospital blood @entity413 level on survival and recovery after out-of-hospital @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity2012 at examination were found to have @entity977 composed of cells that secreted GH and PRL. This was demonstrated by the elevated serum hormone concentrations, by immunoperoxidase staining of 5 specimens, and by electron microscopic examination of 4. Ultrastructural characteristics, described in detail, suggest that these @entity652 were mixed @entity652 consisting of 2 well-defined, distinct cell types, each secreting one hormone. By immunoperoxidase staining some cells were found to contain immunoreactive @entity2124 , other cells immunoreactive prolactin. No cells were detected exhibiting immunostaining for both @entity2124 and prolactin. Eelctron microscopy, consistent with the results of immunostaining, revealed the presence of two distinct cell types, distinguishable from each other by their characteristic fine structural features. No intermediate forms were noted. Thus there was no evidence to suggest that one cell type might transform to the other. Present findings seem to indicate that mixed @entity652 secreting @entity2124 as well as prolactin and consisting of somatotrophs as well as lactotrophs do occur in the @entity1 pituitary gland. Although all the results obtained so far suggest that these @entity5 are composed of two distinct cell types and thus can be interpreted as representing real mixed @entity652 , further work is required to establish whether or not they derive from one common progenitor.

title: @entity1 mixed somatotrophic and lactotrophic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of @entity1311 and @entity902 doublet chemotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 with high-risk features of local failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done of @entity1 with 19 @entity189 who were offered adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity902 combination. The data regarding the surgical details, high-risk features for which chemotherapy was offered, chemotherapy @entity137 details (in accordance with CTCAE vs 3), failure pattern, and survival data were noted. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 48 years. Fifteen @entity1 received @entity1311 in combination with @entity900 and four received @entity1311 with @entity3003 in view of their low serum @entity1011 clearance. The treatment was completed by 12 @entity1 (63.2%). Of 79 planned cycles, 50 were taken. The treatment was well tolerated with grade 3-4 gastrointestinal @entity137 was seen in 1 @entity1 , grade 3 @entity137 in one and grade 5 @entity1398 in one @entity1 . Treatment related @entity204 occured in one @entity1 . The median follow-up was 15.33 months and 6 loco-regional relapsed had taken place. The estimated median DFS was 16.2 months and the estimated median OS was not reached. The estimated DFS for treatment completed @entity1 was 23.13 months as against 2.16 months for @entity1 not completing treatment. CONCLUSION: The @entity902 and @entity3907 doublet chemotherapy was found to be safe and effective.

title: Role of @entity1311 and @entity902 -based adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: The loach @entity38823 inhabits @entity579 fields in Southern China. It encounters drought during summer and @entity3265 loading during agricultural fertilization. In the laboratory, aerial exposure led to decreases in its @entity3265 and @entity1133 excretion. @entity3265 accumulated to very high levels in the muscle and liver. @entity1133 synthesis through the @entity7222 - @entity1133 cycle was not involved in @entity3265 detoxification in @entity38823 . However, @entity38823 was capable of partial @entity535 catabolism leading to the accumulation of @entity493 in the first 24 h of aerial exposure. This was apparently coupled to a possible decrease in protein/ @entity535 catabolism. These are not detoxification mechanisms but mechanisms that avoid internal fouling by @entity3265 . @entity38823 was also capable of detoxifying internally produced @entity3265 in part to @entity1160 , which appears to be an important adaptation after 24 h of aerial exposure. However, unlike the case of the marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus), there was no alteration to the kinetic properties of the hepatic @entity1160 synthetase. During dry seasons, @entity38823 moves actively on land until it encounters soft mud in which it can bury itself through several strong wriggling actions of the body. Hence, it is possible that @entity38823 uses partial @entity535 catabolism to fuel its short period of activities on land and switches to the formation of @entity1160 to detoxify internally produced @entity3265 when it remains relatively inactive in the mud.

title: The loach @entity38823 reduces XXXX catabolism and accumulates @entity493 and @entity1160 during aerial exposure.

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity38823 :: ('75329', 'Species') :: ['Misgurnus anguillicaudatus', 'M. anguillicaudatus']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Fifteen percent of premenopausal @entity1 , 10-40% of postmenopausal @entity1 , and 10-25% of @entity1 receiving systemic hormone therapy experience @entity194 . The most common symptoms are @entity2133 , @entity4808 , @entity111 , @entity146 , and @entity546 . @entity172 loss, drugs, and chemical sensitivities are causes. @entity172 or hormone replacement therapy ( @entity18437 -HRT) is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal @entity1 . Dosages prescribed for menopause symptoms or to prevent @entity170 (and, potentially, other conditions) can restore the vagina to premenopausal physiology and relieve symptoms. Concomitant @entity7828 are necessary for @entity1 with an intact uterus to minimize or eliminate @entity172 -induced @entity1204 . Low-dosage oral and vaginal @entity18437 can relieve @entity194 but might not produce systemic effects. @entity7828 are not necessary with vaginal rings and vaginal tablets. If @entity18437 is given only to treat @entity194 , @entity172 creams 1 or 2 times/week may prevent recurrence after symptoms are resolved. @entity7828 are not required for occasional @entity172 cream use. Vaginal moisturizers provide longer relief by changing the fluid content of endothelium and lowering vaginal pH. Vaginal lubricants provide short-term relief. @entity1 with contraindications to @entity18437 -HRT could use lubricants for intercourse-related @entity2133 for more continuous relief. The lay press promotes agrimony, black cohosh, chaste tree, dong quai, witch hazel, and phytoestrogens for vaginal @entity2133 and @entity546 ; however, no evidence exists to support these specific claims. Pharmacists should be actively involved in identifying, preventing, and treating @entity194 .

title: XXXX : prevention and treatment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness or moisturizers', 'dryness']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['Progestins', 'progestins']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital atrophy']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['Urogenital atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Assessment of @entity1 satisfaction is an important tool for monitoring the quality of care in hospitals. The aim of this survey was to develop a reliable tool to assess @entity1 satisfaction with @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) and identify variables affecting this so that care can be improved. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed and administered to @entity1 after being discharged from @entity12761 care by an unbiased @entity1 . Data collected from record included @entity1 demographics, surgical procedure, analgesic modality, co-analgesics and dynamic and static @entity158 scores. Questions included @entity158 expected and @entity158 experienced, @entity12761 response time, quality of @entity158 relief with treatment, professionalism of @entity12761 team, overall experience of @entity158 relief and choosing/suggesting same modality for themselves/family/friends again. Five-point Likert scale was used for most of the options. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19. RESULTS: Frequency and percentages were computed for qualitative observation and presented on pie chart and histogram. Seventy-one per cent @entity1 expected severe @entity158 while 43% actually experienced it. About 79.4% would choose same analgesia modality in future for self/family/friends. Ninety-nine per cent found @entity12761 staff courteous and professional. About 89% rated their experience of @entity158 management as excellent to very good. CONCLUSION: The survey of @entity1 ' satisfaction to monitor the quality of care provided by @entity12761 provided positive inputs on its role. This also helps to identify areas requiring improvement in care and as a tool to gauge the quality of care.

title: Assessment of XXXX satisfaction with @entity12761 : Monitoring quality of care in clinical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['APMS', 'acute pain management service']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of low-dose @entity3927 on quality of life, @entity158 , @entity548 , and uterine size among @entity1 with symptomatic @entity10401 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with symptomatic uterine @entity10401 and uterine volume of 160 mL or more were randomized to @entity3927 , 5 mg daily, or placebo for 26 weeks. Quality of life (Uterine Fibroid Symptoms Quality of Life Questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form survey) and uterine and @entity2909 size (ultrasonography) were assessed at baseline, and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of treatment. Bleeding (daily logs and pictorial charts) and @entity158 (McGill Pain Questionnaire) were assessed monthly. Endometrial pathology was assessed at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were randomized; 37 @entity1 completed all 6 months. @entity1 randomized to @entity3927 showed an improvement in @entity2909 -specific quality of life. Forty-one percent became amenorrheic, rates of @entity417 improved, and adjusted uterine size was reduced by 47%. Compared with the placebo group, improvements in these outcomes in the treatment group were significantly greater (P<.05 to .001). There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the groups. No @entity1869 was noted in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity3927 improves @entity2909 -specific quality of life and reduces @entity2909 size among @entity1 with symptomatic @entity10401 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00133705 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Effect of XXXX for symptomatic @entity10401 on quality of life and uterine size: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the level of reading skills required by lay @entity1 who access @entity1 -related @entity5 information through CancerNet, the @entity19688 site of the National @entity5 Institute (NCI), and to assess the cultural sensitivity of the information targeted to certain ethnic groups. DESIGN: Descriptive study, repeated measures. SETTING: NCI's CancerNet @entity19688 site (http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov). SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 49 documents from the CancerNet @entity19688 site was analyzed. METHODS: The readability of each document was analyzed using the Flesch-Kincaid readability formula. Using Bloch's Ethnic/Cultural Assessment Tool as a guide, a content analysis of the ethnic-related documents was performed to determine the cultural sensitivity of the information. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Readability and cultural sensitivity of the written @entity5 information. FINDINGS: The overall mean reading level was 12th grade. Little variation existed in the cultural content of the information even though several ethnic groups were targeted. CONCLUSION: Information on CancerNet needs to be modified to meet the information needs of @entity1 with low reading skills and to make the information more culturally sensitive for various ethnic groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Finding successful methods for educating @entity1 and families is a primary responsibility of oncology nurses. Information can play a vital role in helping @entity1 to engage in self-care behavior. Therefore, nurses must be knowledgeable about the readability, usefulness, and cultural-sensitivity of information on @entity5 @entity19688 sites so that they can guide @entity1 to appropriate Internet resources.

title: An analysis of the readability and cultural sensitivity of information on the National XXXX Institute's @entity19688 site: CancerNet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of measuring pulmonary artery (PA) pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) in @entity1 breathing ambient air and 12% @entity26 . METHODS: Velocity-encoded phase-contrast MR images of the PA were acquired in 15 @entity1 , aged 9-12years, without evidence of cardiac or @entity358 . @entity122 was derived as the ratio of flow to area changes during early systole. Each @entity1 was scanned twice, in air and after at least 20minutes into inspiratory @entity519 challenge. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability and repeatability were also compared. RESULTS: PA @entity122 , which was successfully measured in all subjects, increased from 1.31  0.32m/s in air to 1.61  0.58m/s under @entity519 challenge (p=0.03). Intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variations were 9.0% and 15.6% respectively. Good correlation within and between observers of r=0.92 and r=0.72 respectively was noted for PA @entity122 measurements. Mean (95% limit of agreement) intra- and inter-observer agreement on Bland-Altman analysis were -0.02m/s (-0.41-0.38m/s) and -0.28m/s (-1.06-0.49m/s). CONCLUSION: PA @entity122 measurement in @entity1 using velocity-encoded MRI is feasible, reproducible and sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in PA compliance between normoxia and @entity519 . This technique can be used to detect early changes of PA compliance and monitor @entity2556 in @entity1 .

title: Assessment of pulmonary artery pulse wave velocity in XXXX : an MRI pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity23973 gene lies telomeric of the @entity5 @entity39 factor cluster in the central major histocompatibility complex and carries a structural polymorphism at position +738. In the Spanish white population, we found the @entity23973 +738(C) allele in haplotypes carrying either @entity1533 (*)1501 or -DRB1(*)0103. Because these HLA class II alleles may confer susceptibility to @entity31 , we investigated an association between @entity23973 +738(C) and this disease. METHODS: DNA-based techniques were used to type individual alleles of @entity1533 and @entity23973 +738. The frequencies of these alleles were compared among ethnically matched populations comprising 155 @entity1 and 298 controls. RESULTS: @entity23973 +738(C) allele was exclusively increased in @entity1 with extensive and/or intractable disease. @entity1533 (*)0103 was the only @entity1533 allele to be significantly increased in frequency in @entity1 with UC compared with controls. It was found in @entity1 with extensive and distal disease. In the @entity1533 (*)0103-negative population, @entity1 with @entity66 still had a significant association with @entity23973 +738(C). The difference between the 2 groups of @entity1 was statistically significant (13.7% vs. 1.7% in @entity1 with distal disease; odds ratio, 9.25; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1533 (*)0103 is associated with susceptibility to @entity31 , and @entity23973 +738(C) marks a propensity to extensive and more severe disease.

title: Susceptibility to severe XXXX is associated with polymorphism in the central MHC gene @entity23973 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: A change in ideas concerning the use of radioactive @entity1496 in the treatment of @entity1378 has revived interest in this therapy. We report the results of an enquiry conducted in all French nuclear medicine units regarding their activity in 1985 and compare these results with those of a similar enquiry conducted simultaneously in Belgium. The amount of radioactive @entity1496 administered in France was one-half of that administered in Belgium. Regional differences were quite marked in France, probably due to different schools of thought. Diffuse @entity1378 accounted for two-thirds of the indications. Most @entity1 received one single dose. The primary objective was a return to euthyroidism, but one third of the units accepted the risk of @entity1375 . Synthetic antithyroid drugs were often used as adjuvants. In one-half of the units, the radioactive dose administered to each @entity1 was calculated from the effective period of the radioelement and from the thyroid mass. In 1 out of 3 units the @entity1 were hospitalized in a controlled area for a mean period of 3 days. French doctors generally respected the 40-year age limit and systematically excluded @entity1 and teenagers. Long-term follow-up was carried out in only 50 per cent of the units.

title: [Treatment of @entity1378 by radioactive XXXX in France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 (seven male) with @entity453 underwent percutaneous transcatheter occlusion. The age range was 8 months to 14 years (mean, 6.3 years). The @entity292 had their origins from the right coronary artery (six), from the left anterior descending coronary artery (three), and from the left circumflex coronary artery (four). Drainage was to the right ventricle (seven), the right atrium (three), and one each to the pulmonary artery, left atrium, and superior caval vein. The @entity292 were closed with coils in 10 @entity1 , a Rashkind double-umbrella device in 1 @entity1 , and an Amplatzer Duct Occluder in 2 @entity1 . Complete occlusion was achieved in 9 of 13 @entity1 . Complications consisted of migration of coils in four and transient @entity943 or changes in the resting electrocardiogram in four @entity1 . Follow-up studies 1 to 31 months (mean, 14.6 months) after occlusion noted only four @entity1 with trivial (clinically insignificant) residual shunts. Owing to various coronary fistula morphologies, transcatheter occlusion requires availability of different embolization techniques. Short-term follow-up supports persistent clinical efficacy and transcatheter closure techniques as the initial form of therapy.

title: Outcomes of transcatheter embolization in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymerized-type I collagen (polymerized-collagen) is a down-regulator of @entity32 and a tissue regenerator biodrug. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effect in co-cultures of cartilage and synovial tissue from @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cartilage and synovial tissue from five @entity1 with @entity571 were co-cultured for 7 days in the presence or absence of 1% polymerized-collagen. To determine proteoglycans content, tissues were stained with @entity3737 technique. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity1356 , @entity687 , @entity688 , IL-12, @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , and @entity379 ] and @entity2843 were measured in supernatants by ELISA and results were normalized by total protein concentration. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), type II collagen, @entity310 , @entity688 and Ki-67 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Polymerized-type I collagen induced an increase of 3- to 6fold cell proliferation (Ki-67), proteoglycans content, and COMP and type II collagen expression, whereas it inhibited @entity1356 and @entity310 production. @entity688 levels were up-regulated in treated vs. untreated cultures. No differences were found on @entity687 or @entity2843 levels in supernatants from polymerized-collagen-treated co-cultures when compared with untreated cultures. IL-12 and @entity379 were undetectable. CONCLUSION: The addition of polymerized-type I collagen to cartilage and synovial tissue co-cultures induced up-regulation of chondrocytes proliferation and cartilage extracellular matrix proteins production (COMP, type II collagen and proteoglycans) as well as an anti-inflammatory cytokine ( @entity688 ) and the down-modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 and @entity310 ). It is possible that this mechanism might contribute to induce tissue regeneration and down-regulation of @entity32 in @entity571 .

title: Effect of polymerized-type I collagen in XXXX . I. In vitro study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1beta', 'interleukin (IL)-1beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3737 :: ('MESH:D000423', 'Chemical') :: ['alcian blue']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']