abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3519 often has inconsistent benefits and requires more energy-demanding DBS settings. Studies suggest that squared biphasic pulses could provide significant clinical benefit; however, @entity3519 @entity1 have not been explored. OBJECTIVES: To assess safety and tolerability of square biphasic DBS in @entity3519 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included primary generalized or cervical @entity3519 @entity1 with bilateral GPi DBS. Square biphasic pulses were implemented and @entity1 were assessed at baseline, immediately postwashout, post-30-minute washout, 1 hour post- and 2 hours postinitiation of investigational settings. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the study. There were no @entity1 -reported or clinician-observed side effects. There was improvement across time on the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (  (2)    =   10.7; P   =   0.031). Similar improvement was detected in objective gait measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Square biphasic stimulation appears safe and feasible in @entity3519 @entity1 with GPi DBS. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible effectiveness particularly in cervical and gait features.    2016 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: A pilot trial of square biphasic pulse deep brain stimulation for XXXX : The BIP @entity3519 study.

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs that inhibit target genes by complementary binding in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). They are one of the most abundant classes of regulators, targeting a large fraction of all genes, making their comprehensive study a requirement for understanding regulation and development. Here we use 12 @entity238 genomes to define structural and evolutionary signatures of miRNA hairpins, which we use for their de novo discovery. We predict >41 novel miRNA genes, which encompass many unique families, and 28 of which are validated experimentally. We also define signals for the precise start position of mature miRNAs, which suggest corrections of previously known miRNAs, often leading to drastic changes in their predicted target spectrum. We show that miRNA discovery power scales with the number and divergence of species compared, suggesting that such approaches can be successful in @entity1 as dozens of @entity1 genomes become available. Interestingly, for some miRNAs sense and anti-sense hairpins score highly and mature miRNAs from both strands can indeed be found in vivo. Similarly, miRNAs with weak 5' end predictions show increased in vivo processing of multiple alternate 5' ends and have fewer predicted targets. Lastly, we show that several miRNA star sequences score highly and are likely functional. For @entity61968 in particular, both arms show abundant processing, and both show highly conserved target sites in @entity17809 genes, suggesting a possible cooperation of the two arms, and their role as a master @entity17809 regulator.

title: Systematic discovery and characterization of @entity238 microRNAs using 12 XXXX genomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In daily practice, it is common to experience difficulty in treating @entity6227 (pressure @entity1066 , also known as @entity6227 ) and @entity1909 of the lower limbs. We hereby report that omega-3-acid ethyl esters were remarkably effective when administered to cases of refractory pressure @entity1066 and @entity1909 for the purpose of improving the blood flow and promoting blood circulation. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1: A 21-year-old Japanese female with lower-body @entity912 . Pressure @entity1066 appeared on the heel and first toe of her left lower extremity. Although the @entity1 had been treated with various ointments such as dimethyl isopropylazulene and 0.9% iodine-containing ointment, the course showed no improvement, so omega-3-acid ethyl esters was administered orally, completely healing the @entity1066 of the first toe in 10 weeks. Case 2: A 76-year-old Japanese male. The @entity1 had been treated on an outpatient basis for 15 years due to @entity101 , @entity712 , @entity6 , and @entity407 . Two years prior to this presentation, @entity1909 occurred in the lower limbs and at the end of last year, erosive @entity1066 appeared on the front part of the lower-right thigh and shin. Although treatment with various topical ointment and dressings was performed, the course showed no improvement. Oral administration of omega-3-acid ethyl esters was initiated. At 12 weeks, his condition entered the white phase and healed almost completely. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to document other treatment possibilities for pressure @entity1066 and/or @entity1909 in cases where the use of topical applied ointments and medications is difficult. This new therapy may therefore help physicians to treat pressure @entity1066 and @entity1909 .

title: New therapy using omega-3-Acid ethyl esters for XXXX and @entity1909 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['stasis dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['decubitus ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that internal medicine residents at a northeast Tennessee university clinic were not compliant with the latest National @entity165 Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP- @entity855 ) guidelines in treating @entity407 in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS: A retrospective medical record survey was conducted to evaluate residents' pattern in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 to below 100 mg/dL in @entity1 with @entity453 . The survey covered a 5-year period, from July 1998 to June 2003, and included 15 randomly chosen residents who were in training for 3 consecutive years. Charts were randomly selected from residents' clinics using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for @entity453 or @entity6 with @entity407 . Five hundred fifty charts were reviewed. Only 41 (7.45%) met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Analysis of data using Epi-Info 2002 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA) revealed that only 68.3% of @entity1 with @entity453 reached target LDL @entity165 levels. Of the @entity1 who reached target levels, only 42.9% maintained them. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests revealed that the frequency of @entity165 measurement, but not the frequency of physicians' visits, was associated with a higher likelihood of reaching the target LDL level. CONCLUSION: There was a suboptimal compliance among internal medicine residents in the frequency of screening for, reaching, and maintaining the target LDL @entity165 level, according to the latest NCEP- @entity855 guidelines, among high-risk @entity1 with @entity407 .

title: Practice patterns in treating high-risk @entity1 with XXXX at a northeast Tennessee university clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemias', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanism through which @entity172 exerts its neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative effects in the central nervous system is poorly understood. @entity1 glial cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity195 and have both alpha and beta @entity172 receptors (ER). We developed a glial cell model for ER function using the N @entity19 @entity19 oligodendroglial cell line to evaluate the response of @entity11716 and @entity11717 to @entity53 (E2), a @entity441 analog @entity12435 (LY) and @entity25608 ( @entity25609 ). DESIGN: We tested the ability of exogenous ER to activate transcription in response to ligands (100 nM) using the glial cell line N20.1 in a transient cotransfection assay with an @entity11716 or @entity11717 expression vector, an ERE-driven reporter and a Renilla luciferase transfection control. RESULTS: Endogenous ER was not detected in the N @entity19 cells by Western immunoblotting. E2 stimulated both @entity11716 and @entity11717 on both ERE- and AP-1 driven promoters. The transcription stimulation by E2 in the @entity11716 and @entity11717 through the AP-1driven promoter, though significant, was not of the same magnitude as the stimulation of the @entity11716 through the ERE-driven promoter. @entity25609 and LY did not show significant transcriptional activation of either the @entity11716 or @entity11717 , through either the ERE or AP-1 driven promoters. LY, at a 10-fold higher concentration than E2, showed a difference in its antagonist activity on the @entity11717 through the AP-1 pathway when compared with the ERE- driven promoter, demonstrating not only promoter specificity, but also receptor specificity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of the activity of @entity25609 and LY on @entity172 receptors in glia.

title: Activity of @entity53 and selective XXXX receptor modulators in the @entity19 N @entity19 oligodendrocyte/astrocytes cell line.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity25608 :: ('MESH:C016601', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxytamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Based on encouraging results with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity1862 , and concomitant radiotherapy in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity135 , an attempt was made to modulate the regimen by the addition of @entity900 as a third active agent. A cohort of 26 @entity1 with @entity135 of all histologies were entered into a broad phase I study investigating simultaneous radiation therapy, @entity1487 (with or without @entity4181 ), HU, and infusional @entity900 administered on an alternate-week schedule. Eleven @entity1 (group 1) had failed prior curative local therapy and 15 @entity1 (group 2) were considered to have a poor prognosis with standard therapy. The median follow-up was 30 months. The response rate for all evaluable @entity1 was 82% (14/17), and the complete response rate was 65% (11/17). @entity1 in group 1 demonstrated a high failure rate (9/11), while few group 2 @entity1 failed after treatment (2/15). The median time to progression was 4.4 months in group 1 and has not been reached in group 2. @entity1 in group 1 failed locally (7/11), while no local failures were observed in group 2. Acute and cumulative hematologic @entity137 was encountered at all dose levels and schedules tested and prevented escalation of the @entity900 dose beyond the desired level of 100 mg/m2 per months. @entity33 was a second significant @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity135 and was more pronounced during cycles containing leucovorin. A detailed analysis of survival, time to progression, and site of failure is presented.

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with @entity900 , XXXX and @entity1862 in poor-prognosis @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 is one of the most severe and often intractable forms of @entity1142 . As @entity4681 are thought to play an important pathogenetic role, studies have been performed on the colonic neuroenteric system, which rules the motor aspects of the viscus. AIMS: We hypothesised that @entity854 of the large bowel are present, that these are not confined to the interstitial cells of Cajal and ganglion cells, and that the previously described reduction of enteric neurones, if confirmed, might be related to an increase in programmed cell death (apoptosis). @entity1 AND METHODS: Surgical specimens from 26 severely @entity1142 @entity1 were assessed by conventional and immunohistochemical methods. Specific staining for enteric neurones, glial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter were used. In addition, gangliar cell apoptosis was evaluated by means of indirect and direct techniques. Data from @entity1 were compared with those obtained in 10 controls. RESULTS: Severely @entity1142 @entity1 displayed a significant decrease in enteric gangliar cells, glial cells, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls. @entity1 had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurones than controls. CONCLUSION: Severely @entity1142 @entity1 have important @entity854 , not confined to gangliar cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The reduction of enteric neurones may in part be due to increased apoptotic phenomena.

title: The role of glial cells and apoptosis of enteric neurones in the neuropathology of intractable slow transit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic slow transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['important neuropathological abnormalities', 'neuroenteric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipated', 'constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: We compared plerocercoids of Schistocephalus Creplin, 1829 from Cottus gobio (n = 57) and @entity20051 f. semiarmatus (n = 45) from the River Utsjoki, Finland, taken only from single worm infections. Segment numbers in the two populations were distinct ( @entity20051 range 55-107, average 74 (SE 1.66), median 73; @entity60980 range 122-189, average 146 (SE 1.78); median 144). The mean difference between populations, 71.47, t = 28.76 with 100 degrees of freedom, two-tailed p value <0.001, was considered extremely significant. Amplification of microsatellite loci that were originally designed for Schistocephalus from @entity20051 was positive for all larvae from @entity20051 (n = 20), whereas in no plerocercoids from @entity60980 (n = 20) were any of the six microsatellites amplified, indicating that plerocercoids from @entity20051 and @entity60980 were two distinct genetic populations of Schistocephalus. The material from @entity60980 is described as S. cotti @entity8891 . Plerocercoids of the Palaearctic species of Schistocephalus are identified as follows: S. nemachili Dubinina, 1959 with 228-235 or more segments, specific to Barbatula spp. (Balitoridae); S. pungitii Dubinina, 1959 with 62-92 (usually 70-80) segments, specific to @entity60981 ; S. solidus (M  ller, 1776) in two forms, one in @entity20051 f. leiurus and f. semiarmatus, with 48-100 (usually 65-75) segments, and the other in @entity20051 f. trachurus, with 99-138 (usually 112-122) segments; and S. cotti @entity8891 . with 103-189 (usually 130-159) segments, probably specific to cottids. Nearctic Schistocephalus were not considered owing to the uncertain status of some North American records. Some other species of Schistocephalus of highly doubtful status were briefly noted. @entity580 experiments and molecular studies are recommended to further elucidate the interrelationships between the various species of Schistocephalus.

title: Schistocephalus cotti XXXX . (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids from bullheads Cottus gobio L. in an Arctic river in Finland, with a key to the plerocercoids of the Palaearctic species of the genus.

entities_list: @entity20051 :: ('69293', 'Species') :: ['G. aculeatus', 'Gasterosteus aculeatus']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-infection']

entities_list: @entity60981 :: ('134920', 'Species') :: ['Pungitius pungitius']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lanoteplase is a rationally designed variant of tissue plasminogen activator. The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics and functional activity of a single intravenous bolus dose of lanoteplase with those of a bolus plus two-step infusion of alteplase. DESIGN: Seven-centre substudy of the InTIME-I angiographic trial in @entity1 presenting within 6 hours of onset of suspected @entity583 . @entity1 AND @entity1 : A total of 31 @entity1 (28 males, 3 females) enrolled in this substudy [mean age 59 (range 26 to 76) years]. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 randomised to lanoteplase received single bolus doses of 15 kU/kg (n = 5), 30 kU/kg (n = 3), 60 kU/kg (n = 9), or 120 kU/kg (n = 6). Eight @entity1 received alteplase <or=100mg as a bolus followed by a two-stage 90 min infusion. Blood samples were analysed for antigen concentration and plasminogen activator (PA) activity. RESULTS: The distribution plasma half-life of approximately 35 min for lanoteplase was at least five times longer than that of alteplase. Lanoteplase plasma clearance averaged 3 L/h (50 ml/min), whereas the mean plasma clearance of approximately 24 L/h (400 ml/min) for alteplase approaches hepatic blood flow following @entity583 . PA activity after lanoteplase 120 kU/kg remained for 6 hours, compared with less than 4 hours after alteplase 100mg. CONCLUSIONS: The longer antigen and activity half-lives, slower clearance and less complicated administration of lanoteplase compared with alteplase suggest that it may offer advantages for use as a single intravenous bolus to achieve reperfusion after @entity583 .

title: Comparison of pharmacokinetics of lanoteplase and alteplase during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a recurrent @entity32 involving chronic recurrent @entity7809 (aphthae), @entity1596 , @entity4537 . We prospectively investigated the efficacy of @entity21209 , a gastroprotective drug, against @entity7809 in @entity195 @entity1 . METHODS: In a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 35 @entity1 with @entity195 , having as the main symptom oral aphthosis, were randomised to receive @entity21209 300 mg/day or placebo for 12 to 24 weeks between August 1994 and December 1996. Oral aphthosis must have occurred within 4 weeks prior to enrolment and must have been visible for at least 7 days during that time. @entity7809 and @entity158 scores were recorded daily in a diary by the @entity1 themselves. Monthly aphthae count and @entity158 scores were defined as the sum of aphthae count and @entity158 scores for a month, respectively. Investigators rated the global improvement in aphthae count and @entity158 using a 6-point scale. The rate of change in monthly aphthae count and @entity158 scores in the first 3 and last 3 months of treatment were assessed in @entity1 with more severe symptoms whose aphthae count and @entity158 score were >28 at baseline (trial entry). RESULTS: The rate of moderate or marked improvement in aphthae count and @entity158 was 36% (5 of 14 subjects) in the placebo group and 65% (11 of 17 subjects) in the @entity21209 group. During months 2 to 6 of treatment, aphthae count tended to increase and reached a peak at month 4 in the placebo group but decreased in the @entity21209 group. @entity158 score decreased to the same extent in both groups for the first 3 months of treatment; however, in the fourth to sixth months of treatment, the @entity158 score tended to increase in the placebo group but decreased in the @entity21209 group. In @entity1 with a monthly @entity158 score >28 at baseline, @entity158 and count scores decreased throughout the 6 months of @entity21209 treatment but increased during the last 3 months of treatment in the placebo group (p < 0.01 for the between-group comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: @entity21209 is well tolerated and improves the aphthae count and @entity158 score in @entity195 @entity1 . It may therefore be useful in the treatment and prevention of frequently recurrent @entity7809 (not restricted to @entity195 ). Administration of @entity21209 is not cumbersome, and it does not cause any discomfort, which corticosteroid ointments for example may do; furthermore, there are no specific @entity137 . @entity21209 is therefore recommended as a long-term treatment for recurrent @entity7809 .

title: Efficacy of @entity21209 as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of recurrent @entity7809 in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['oral aphthous ulcers', 'Oral aphthae count']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'aphthae pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions and genital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity21209 :: ('MESH:C052785', 'Chemical') :: ['rebamipide', 'Rebamipide']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2052 Background: Concomitant @entity2903 (T) and radiotherapy (RT) is standard care in @entity1 (pts) with newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ). Bevacizumab (B) and @entity2600 (I) produces impressive responses as second-line therapy. However, it is unclear how efficacy from BI compares to BT. This study explored if BI should be further investigated in first-line in phase III setting. METHODS: Pts with previously untreated @entity463 after primary surgery/biopsy were randomized to neoadjuvant (neo) chemotherapy (chemo) with either BI or BT for 8 wks. This was followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) (RT was 60 Gy in 30 fractions). After completed chemoRT adjuvant BI or BT was administered for another 8 wks. The BI-regimen consisted of B and I q2wks, including during the RT. The BT-regimen consisted of B q2wks with T on a 5/28 days cycle both before and after RT. During chemoRT, T was given daily ad modum Stupp together with B q2wks. Primary endpoint was response at 8 wks. Secondary endpoints were best overall response, PFS-6, PFS-12, survival, and @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Response and @entity137 were assessed every 2 wks according to McDonald criteria using MRI and CTCAE 3.0, respectively. 63 pts were included in the analysis. RESULTS: See table. Hematologic (hem) @entity137 was more frequent with BT than BI. There was one death from @entity1398 (BT) and 11 grade 3/4 non-hem @entity137 on both BI and BT. CONCLUSIONS: Response at 8 wks seemed to favor BT over BI and to support investigations of adding B to Stupp's regimen in first-line therapy. Updated secondary endpoints are available May 2011. [Table: see text].

title: Randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab and @entity2600 versus bevacizumab and @entity2903 followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'tox']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['primary glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different patterns of @entity5040 formation in @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ), using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT). METHODS: The study group comprised 70 subjects (25 @entity1 with @entity5144 , 25 @entity1 with hand @entity571 , and 20 healthy controls). The 2 @entity1 groups were similar with regard to age and sex distribution and clinical involvement of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. All @entity1 underwent high-resolution peripheral QCT scanning of the second, third, and fourth MCP joints of the dominantly affected hand. Demographic and disease-specific data were recorded, and the number, size, and distribution of @entity5040 were assessed and compared between @entity1 with @entity5144 and @entity1 with hand @entity571 . RESULTS: The overall number and size of @entity5040 were similar in @entity1 with @entity5144 and @entity1 with hand @entity571 . However, localization of lesions within individual joints was substantially different between @entity1 with @entity5144 and those with hand @entity571 . In @entity5144 , @entity5040 dominated the radial sides of the joints (for the metacarpal head of the second joint, P < 0.001 versus hand @entity571 ; for the base of the second phalangeal joint, P < 0.001 versus hand @entity571 ), whereas the palmar and dorsal quadrants were the predilection sites in hand @entity571 . Detailed anatomic analysis showed that @entity5040 in the entheseal regions were prominent in @entity1 with @entity5144 but rare in @entity1 with hand @entity571 , and that @entity5040 in @entity1 with hand @entity571 typically emerged at the cartilage-bone interphase and the joint margins. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the overall number and size of @entity5040 are similar in @entity1 with @entity5144 and @entity1 with hand @entity571 . Nonetheless, the anatomic sites of bone proliferation are different between these 2 groups of @entity1 .

title: Inflammatory XXXX formation in @entity5144 is different from @entity5040 formation in @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['bone spurs', 'bone spur']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['hand osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity5040 :: (MESH:D054850,Disease) :: ['bone spur']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lack of safe and reliable methods to sample vascular tissue in situ limits discovery of the underlying genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of many @entity455 , including @entity439 . We investigated the feasibility and comparable efficacy of in  vivo vascular endothelial cell sampling using a spectrum of endovascular devices. Using the @entity95 elastase @entity439 model we evaluated the performance of existing @entity439 , intracranial stents, and stent-like devices to collect vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, we modified a subset of devices to assess the effects of alterations to @entity58866 pitch, @entity58866 wire contour, and stent surface finishing. Device performance was evaluated by (1) the number of viable endothelial cells harvested, (2) the degree of vascular wall damage analyzed using digital subtraction angiography and histopathological analysis, and (3) the ease of device navigability and retrieval. Isolated cells underwent immunohistochemical analysis to confirm cell type and viability. @entity58866 and stent specifications, technique, and endothelial cell counts were tabulated and statistical analysis performed. Using conventional detachable-type and modified @entity439 coils 11 of 14 (78.6%) harvested endothelial cells with a mean of 7.93 (  8.33) cells/ @entity58866 , while 15 of 15 (100%) conventional stents, stent-like devices and modified stents harvested endothelial cells with a mean of 831.33 (  887.73) cells/device. @entity58866 stiffness was significantly associated with endothelial cell count in univariate analysis (p   =   0.044). For stents and stent-like devices univariate analysis demonstrated stent-to-aorta diameter ratios (p   =   0.001), stent length (p   =   0.049), and the use of a pulling retrieval technique (p   =   0.019) significantly predictive of endothelial cell counts, though a multivariate model using these variables demonstrated only the stent-to-aorta diameter ratio (p   =   0.029) predictive of endothelial cell counts. Modified devices did not significantly impact harvesting. The efficacy and safety of existing @entity439 coils, intracranial stents and stent-like devices in collecting viable endothelial cells was confirmed. The technique is reproducible and the quantity and quality of collected endothelial cells is adequate for targeted genetic analysis.

title: Endovascular biopsy: Technical feasibility of novel endothelial cell harvesting devices assessed in a XXXX @entity439 model.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal coils', 'carotid aneurysm']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A, which was constructed by inserting the tac promoter upstream of the @entity3971 hydroxylase (PH) gene in the chromosomal DNA of the wild-type strain, Ralstonia sp. KN1, is a useful recombinant strain for eliminating @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) from contaminated sites because it exhibits constitutive @entity4966 oxidation activity. During @entity4966 degradation by Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A, noxious chlorinated compounds, such as @entity13085 , @entity2804 , @entity30728 , and @entity59112 , were not detected, and more than 95% of @entity3878 in @entity4966 was released as @entity2865 ions. Among the possible @entity4966 transformation products, only @entity1223 was detected, and its conversion percentage was 7 mol%. The addition of @entity5189 , which Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A could use as an exogenous electron donor, did not enhance the @entity4966 degradation performance, suggesting that @entity2125 depletion did not limit the degradation. The @entity3971 degradation activity of Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A that previously degraded @entity4966 was not markedly lower than that of cells not exposed to @entity4966 , suggesting that Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A was not susceptible to product @entity137 associated with @entity4966 degradation. Furthermore, to clarify the mechanisms underlying @entity4966 degradation by PH from Ralstonia sp. KN1, this enzyme was compared with another enzyme, a hybrid aromatic ring dioxygenase exhibiting a high @entity4966 degradation activity in @entity526 and Pseudomonas sp. The initial @entity4966 degradation rate of Ralstonia sp. KN1 (pKTP100), which produced PH, was 1 50 lower than that of Ralstonia sp. KN1 (pKTF200), which produced the hybrid aromatic ring dioxygenase. However, because of its lower product @entity137 , the strain producing PH could degrade 2.3 times more @entity4966 than that generated by the strain producing the hybrid aromatic ring dioxygenase.

title: @entity4965 degradation by Ralstonia sp. KN1-10A constitutively expressing XXXX hydroxylase: transformation products, @entity2125 limitation, and product @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity30728 :: ('MESH:C005849', 'Chemical') :: ['2,2,2-trichloroethanol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity13085 :: ('MESH:D003999', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined whether the laser-capture microdissection (LCM) method can achieve separation of urothelial cells from detrusor cells or superficial urothelial cells from intermediate/basal urothelial cells, using a-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and @entity61118 ( @entity61118 ). In addition, we investigated the changes in expression of muscarinic receptors in laser-captured urothelial and detrusor cells in @entity35 with @entity2335 . METHODS: Female SD @entity35 were injected with @entity786 (75  mg/kg) intraperitoneally at day 1, 4, 7 and 10 to induce @entity2335 . Saline was injected in the same protocol for controls. Bladder specimens were cut at 8   m thickness, fixed in 70  % @entity1068 and lightly stained by @entity1710 and @entity1711 , and then superficial urothelium, intermediate/basal urothelium and detrusor muscles were laser-captured separately. Real-time PCR was performed to examine expressions of a-SMA, @entity61118 , muscarinic 2 receptors ( @entity21765 ) and muscarinic 3 receptors (M3R). RESULTS: The expression of a-SMA mRNA in detrusor muscle cells was 200 times higher than that in urothelial cells in controls. @entity61118 mRNA expression in apical urothelial cells was 55 times more than that in detrusor muscle and four times more than that in intermediate/basal urothelial cells. Expressions of M2R and M3R mRNA were increased in urothelial cells and decreased in detrusor muscles following @entity2335 . CONCLUSIONS: The LCM could be useful for tissue collection of detrusor muscle and different layers of urothelial cells with minimal contamination of other cell types, and cell type-specific changes in molecular expression could accurately be analyzed. Increased expression of urothelial MR might enhance urothelial-afferent interactions to induce @entity2182 / @entity158 conditions associated with @entity1494 .

title: Laser-capture microdissection for analysis of cell type-specific gene expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the XXXX bladder with @entity786 -induced @entity2335 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21765 :: ('p|SUB|M|2|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M2R']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['bladder overactivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The urofacial or @entity59156 is a rare disease characterized by the presence of @entity3551 associated with peculiar facial features when @entity1 attempt to smile or laugh. Unfortunately, many of these @entity1 remain without proper diagnosis or adequate treatment due to lack of recognition of the disease. This can ultimately result in upper tract deterioration and eventual @entity177 . We present our experience with this rare syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 3 @entity1 who presented initially with @entity810 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and severe dysfunctional elimination. All @entity1 were thoroughly evaluated, including screening for @entity602 , and were subsequently diagnosed with @entity59156 . RESULTS: At the outset, the two older @entity1 (aged 4 and 9 years) presented with the typical facial features when attempting to smile or laugh. One @entity1 in the newborn period presented with urinary and fecal retention and @entity295 and, to our knowledge, represents the youngest case of @entity59156 reported so far. All @entity1 were evaluated with ultrasonography, renal scan, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and urodynamics. Findings included @entity3041 and a thick-walled, @entity1494 with poor compliance and detrusor hypereflexia respectively in each @entity1 . All were subsequently treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), antibiotic prophylaxis and anticholinergic therapy. One @entity1 required appendicovesicostomy for CIC due to discomfort secondary to a sensate urethra. CONCLUSIONS: Our series demonstrates that early recognition of this rare syndrome is necessary to adequately treat and prevent upper tract deterioration in these unique individuals. Although the urofacial is difficult to diagnose in @entity1 , cognizance must be maintained in order to prevent severe subsequent sequalae.

title: Early diagnosis of the @entity59156 is essential to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['functional obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['trabeculated bladder']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity59156 :: ('MESH:C536480', 'Disease') :: ['urofacial syndrome', 'Ochoa syndrome']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['irreversible renal failure']


abstract: Background. The purpose of the study is to present preliminary results of treatment of @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity5039 . Material and methods.3 @entity1 with @entity5039 were treated surgically due to increasing difficulties swallowing. The average age was 57 yrs. All three @entity1 presented with cough and hoarseness. Results. Surgical intervention relieved the @entity1 from @entity1282 . All three regained the ability to swallow and obtained relief from hoarseness and cough within a few months after surgery. Conclusion. We observed that @entity1282 due to skeletal @entity4916 may be the main symptom in @entity5039 . Pharmacological treatment in the initial period of the disease decreases @entity4 of the mucous membrane in the esophagus.

title: XXXX in @entity5039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity5039 :: ('MESH:D004057', 'Disease') :: ["Forestier's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the efficacy of a 95-degree angled blade plate fixation in the treatment of unstable peritrochanteric @entity174 of the femur. DESIGN: Retrospective, clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity3330 were followed for a minimum of 12 months. There were 29 subtrochanteric @entity174 and 10 intertrochanteric @entity174 (reverse obliquity pattern) for which the compression hip screw could not be used because of comminution of the trochanteric area and @entity174 extension to the lateral cortex. The mean age of the @entity1 population at the time of operation was 54 (range, 17-71) years. INTERVENTION: Open reduction and internal fixation of the pertrochanteric @entity174 using a 95 degrees angled blade plate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Time to @entity174 union, operation time, and complications. RESULTS: Duration of clinical follow-up averaged 26 (range, 12-36) months. The average time to osseous union for those @entity174 that healed primarily was 19 (range, 13-28) weeks. Two of 39 @entity174 united with 10 degrees @entity85 , but no corrective surgery was warranted. Limb length discrepancy more than 1.5 cm did not occur. Implant failure before solid bony union occurred in 1 case with a severely @entity173 . @entity86 or @entity2530 of the femoral head did not occur any time throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: A 95 angled blade plate can be a useful alternative fixation device for the treatment of unstable @entity3330 .

title: Treatment of unstable XXXX using a 95 degrees angled blade plate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted subtrochanteric fracture']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['peritrochanteric femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['peritrochanteric femoral fractures']


abstract: @entity957 antigen (SCCA) is a useful marker for SCCs. In this study, we attempted to identify SCCA-derived peptides that could be applied in the development of specific immunotherapy for HLA-A24+ @entity5 @entity1 with @entity6461 or non- @entity6461 . A variety of @entity6461 and non- @entity6461 lines were examined for their expression of SCCA mRNA using quantitative PCR. SCCA protein expression in @entity5 tissues was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Thereafter, SCCA-derived peptide candidates were prepared based on their binding motifs to HLA-A24 molecules. Among these peptides, SCCA-derived peptides that were frequently recognized by humoral immunity were further tested for their ability to induce @entity5 -reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HLA-A24+ @entity1 with @entity6461 or non- @entity6461 . As a result, the majority of @entity6461 lines and tissues were positive for SCCA both at mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, non- @entity6461 @entity5 tissues hardly expressed it at the protein level, although @entity420 cell lines partly expressed it at the mRNA level. Four SCCA-derived peptides were frequently recognized by immunoglobulin G of both @entity6461 and non- @entity6461 @entity5 @entity1 . Among these peptides, both the SCCA(112-120) and SCCA(215-224) peptides were found to effectively induce peptide-specific CTLs toward HLA-A24+ SCCA+ @entity5 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both @entity6461 and non- @entity6461 @entity5 @entity1 . Two newly identified SCCA-derived peptides with the ability to induce CTL activity in both @entity6461 and non- @entity6461 @entity5 @entity1 may be applicable to specific immunotherapy for HLA-A24+ @entity5 @entity1 with @entity6461 , but not those with non- @entity6461 .

title: Identification of @entity957 antigen-derived peptides having the capacity of inducing @entity5 in HLA-A24+ @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine whether @entity5805 treatment benefits @entity1 with indolent @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), we conducted two randomized trials in 1535 @entity1 with previously untreated stage A @entity1072 . METHODS: In the first trial, 609 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either daily @entity5805 or no treatment; in the second trial, 926 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either intermittent @entity5805 plus @entity229 or no treatment. Median follow-up for the first and second trials exceeded 11 and 6 years, respectively. The end points were overall survival, response to treatment, and disease progression. RESULTS: Treatment of indolent @entity1072 did not increase survival in either trial. In the treated group, as compared with the untreated group, the relative risk of @entity204 was 1.14 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.41; P=0.23) in the first trial and 0.96 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.23; P=0.74) in the second trial, with 76 percent and 69 percent of @entity1 , respectively, having a response to therapy. Although @entity5805 slowed disease progression, there was no effect on overall survival. In the untreated group in the first trial, 49 percent of @entity1 did not have progression to more @entity1442 and did not need therapy after follow-up of more than 11 years; however, 27 percent of @entity1 with stage A @entity1072 died of causes related to the disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5805 does not prolong survival in @entity1 with stage A @entity1072 . Since deferring therapy until the disease progresses to stage B or C does not compromise survival, treatment of indolent @entity1072 is unnecessary.

title: XXXX in indolent @entity1072 . French Cooperative Group on @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil', 'Chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity5805 :: (MESH:D002699,Chemical) :: ['Chlorambucil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neointimal formation is a major cause of restenosis after interventional vascular procedures. @entity62469 ( @entity62470 ) has been shown to inhibit fibroblast growth factor activity and we hypothesized that @entity62470 would reduce intimal formation. DESIGN: Three studies were performed: (1) pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous @entity62470 and determination of optimal dose, (2) determination of efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity62470 in reducing neointimal formation after @entity130 and (3) determination of the effect of @entity62470 on cellular proliferation, factor Xa activity, activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time and @entity715 formation. METHODS: Pharmacokinetics were determined in eight domestic @entity1707 following administration of oral @entity62470 and intravenous @entity62470 at three doses each. In the efficacy study, @entity130 of 37 @entity1707 (69 arteries) was performed and randomized into three groups (n = 23 arteries/group): control, oral administration of 300 mg @entity62470 /kg per day or intravenous infusion of 100 mg @entity62470 /kg per day. Animals were sacrificed 14 days later. Cellular proliferation and @entity715 were determined in six arteries/group at 5 days and endothelial coverage was evaluated at 5 and 14 days. RESULTS: Oral and intravenous @entity62470 reduced the intimal @entity1373 area normalized to injury index by 24 and 48%, respectively: control, 3.03 +/- 0.75 mm2, oral, 2.31 +/- 0.83 mm2 (P = 0.004) and intravenous, 1.67 +/- 0.73 mm2 (P = 0.0000002). @entity62470 reduced cellular proliferation (control, 55 +/- 18%, oral, 35 +/- 7%, P = 0.03 and intravenous, 30 +/- 12%, P = 0.01) and @entity715 formation (control, 0.84 +/- 0.4 mm2, oral, 0.44 +/- 0.14 mm2, P = 0.04, intravenous, 0.42 +/- 0.09 mm2, P = 0.03). Endothelial coverage was increased in the experimental groups (P = 0.008, oral versus control, P < 0.0001, intravenous versus control). Factor Xa activity was inhibited 9-10 fold following intravenous administration while oral administration demonstrated no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Both oral and intravenous formation of @entity62470 reduced intimal @entity1373 with the greatest reduction in the intravenous group. We postulate that @entity62470 was effective by the combination of increasing endothelial coverage, reducing @entity715 formation, inhibiting factor Xa activity and reducing cellular proliferation.

title: @entity62469 , a novel cyclic oligosaccharide, inhibits XXXX and neointimal formation after coronary vascular injury.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity62469 :: ('MESH:C064089', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-cyclodextrin tetradecasulfate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mural thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon-overstretch injury']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antegrade continence enemas (ACEs) are successful for @entity1142 and/or @entity1241 caused by @entity2463 or spina bifida but have been thought to be less successful in the treatment for @entity1 with @entity694 . We studied the long-term efficacy of @entity1289 in a large group of @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ). METHODS: We identified 56 @entity1 with an appendicostomy for @entity1289 with radiologically proven @entity73 . An independent investigator (SKK) performed confidential telephone interviews. RESULTS: We assessed 42 of 56 @entity1 (31 @entity1 ) of mean age 13.1 years (range, 6.9-25). Mean follow-up was at 48 months (range, 3-118). Mean symptom duration before appendicostomy was 7.5 years (range, 1.4-17.4). Indications for appendicostomy were soiling (29/42), inadequate stool evacuation (7/42), and recurrent hospital admissions for nasogastric washouts (6/42). Both quality of life (Templeton quality of life [P < .0001]) and continence (modified Holschneider continence score [P < .0001]) improved with @entity1289 . Soiling frequency decreased in 32 of 42 (11/32 completely continent). Thirty-seven of 42 @entity1 had reduced @entity490 severity (P < .0001) and frequency (P < .0001). Complications included granulation tissue (33/42), stomal infection (18/42), and washout leakage (16/42). Fifteen of 42 @entity1 ceased using the appendicostomy (7/15 symptoms resolved). Thirty-five of 42 families felt that their @entity1173 had been met. CONCLUSIONS: Antegrade continence enemas were successful in 34 (81%) of 42 @entity1 with @entity73 , contradicting views that ACEs are less effective in @entity1 with @entity694 .

title: The antegrade continence enema successfully treats XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['STC', 'idiopathic slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['idiopathic slow-transit constipation']


abstract: @entity37898 (3OHKyn), present as a @entity1 lens UV filter, has also been implicated as a carcinogen and neurotoxin. It has been suggested that oxidation of 3OHKyn is involved in each of these effects. In the presence of @entity26 , 3OHKyn has been found to react with @entity291 crystallins, to give brown-coloured products (Stutchbury and Truscott, 1993). In this study the roles of UV-light, pH, @entity2041 and @entity26 were examined, with the objective of determining how these factors may affect the binding of 3OHKyn to crystallins under the conditions found within the lens itself. The presence of @entity26 was found to be an important parameter for determining the extent to which 3OHKyn reacts with protein, and when it was totally excluded, little modification was observed. UV-light was not required for activation, but was found to augment the extent of modification and cross-linking, while an elevated pH, which is known to accelerate the rate of 3OHKyn oxidation, did not markedly increase the extent of reaction with the crystallins. 3OHKyn binding was accompanied by @entity1423 , pigmentation, and development of non- @entity2340 fluorescence, all of which have been associated with @entity231 formation. The inclusion of @entity2041 , a ubiquitous antioxidant, in reaction mixtures resulted in a delayed onset of crystallin modification. This effect was apparent at concentrations of @entity2041 greater than 1 mM. When @entity2041 levels fell below 1 mM, crystallins became modified by 3OHKyn. Since lens @entity2041 concentrations decrease with age, and are known to be lower in the lens nucleus than the cortex, this region appears particularly vulnerable to modification by this UV filter. Thus, whilst the other @entity1 lens UV filters, @entity10594 (Kyn) and @entity37897 (3HKG), appear to require activation by UV-light in order to react with proteins, 3OHKyn can modify crystallins in the absence of light, under conditions of low @entity26 tension, and in the presence of @entity2041 concentrations found in the nucleus of an aged lens. Its reactivity is increased in the presence of both light and @entity26 . The contributions of these parameters to the reactivity of 3OHKyn are discussed, with respect to the aetiology of @entity231 .

title: Oxidation products of XXXX bind to lens proteins: relevance for nuclear @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['senile nuclear cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['crystallin aggregation']

entities_list: @entity37897 :: ('MESH:C402223', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxykynurenine glucoside']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity37898 :: ('CHEBI:62624', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Hydroxykynurenine']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

answer: @entity37898 :: (CHEBI:62624,Chemical) :: ['3-hydroxykynurenine']


abstract: Survivors of traumatic @entity542 often suffer chronic @entity73 . Considerable evidence implicates the cholinergic system in these deficits. Recently, we reported @entity73 in a cohort of head injured survivors consistent with this hypothesis [see Salmond, C. H., Chatfield, D. A., Menon, D. K., Pickard, J. D., _ Sahakian, B. J. (2005). Cognitive Sequelae of @entity542 : Involvement of Basal Forebrain and associated structures. Brain, 128(1), 189-200]. The stability of the cognitive and structural MRI profiles was investigated in a longitudinal study. Twenty-one survivors of moderate-severe @entity542 completed two comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and two structural MRI scans at least six months apart. A cohort of controls also completed these investigations. The results revealed that the cognitive and structural profiles are relatively stable from six months @entity130 forward up to 3 years @entity130 . @entity2414 , attention and reaction time were found, with relative preservation of working memory, consistent with abnormalities in the cholinergic system. These findings suggest that cholinergic enhancers may be an effective treatment for @entity73 in survivors up to three years @entity130 .

title: Changes over time in cognitive and structural profiles of XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficits post-head injury', 'cognitive and structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Deficits in memory']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: The disabling @entity410 associated with mesial @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) are often resistant to @entity734 ( @entity734 ). The biological basis of this refractoriness is unknown but may include alterations in AED targets in the epileptogenic brain tissue, reduced AED penetration to the @entity410 focus, and neuropathological brain alterations such as @entity131 typically found in @entity1 with refractory @entity1315 . In the present study, we used a @entity35 model of @entity1315 to examine whether AED responders differ from non-responders in their structural alterations and @entity1246 (A) receptor characteristics in the hippocampal formation. In this model, @entity410 develop after a @entity159 induced by prolonged electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala. The frequency of these @entity410 was recorded by continuous video/EEG monitoring before, during, and after daily treatment with @entity109 , which was given at maximum tolerated doses for 2 weeks. Based on their individual response to phenobarbital, @entity35 were grouped into responders and non-responders. The severity or duration of the initial brain insult (the @entity159 ) did not differ between responders and non-responders, indicating that the difference between the two subgroups is genetically determined. Subsequent histological examination showed a significant loss of neurons in the @entity1249 , CA3c/ @entity16711 , and dentate hilus of non-responders, whereas responders did not differ in this respect from non- @entity302 controls. The morphological alterations in the non-responders were associated with striking alterations in autoradiographic imaging of @entity3175 -sensitive and @entity3175 -insensitive @entity1246 (A) receptor binding in the dentate gyrus with a significant shift to enhanced @entity3175 -insensitive binding. The present data indicate that @entity179 and associated @entity1246 (A) receptor changes in the dentate gyrus are critically involved in the mechanisms underlying refractoriness of @entity410 in @entity1315 .

title: Antiepileptic drug-resistant @entity35 differ from drug-responsive @entity35 in @entity179 and XXXX (A) receptor ligand binding in a model of @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'spontaneous recurrent seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of @entity1538 combined with autogenous bone grafting was assessed in the treatment of humeral diaphysis @entity1516 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age 44 years; range 28 to 64 years) were operated on for humeral @entity1516 . Of these, 16 @entity1 and eight @entity1 had had previous surgical and conservative treatments, respectively. Surgery was performed after a mean of 10.8 months (range 7 to 21 months) following the initial treatments. Preoperatively, none of the @entity1 had infected nonunion, a bone defect greater than 4 cm, and @entity4542 . Treatment included @entity1538 combined with autogenous bone grafting. The plate was secured with at least four screws (8 cortices) both proximally and distally. The mean follow-up was 40 months (range 28 to 60 months). The range of motion of the shoulder and elbow was evaluated according to the criteria by Rommens et al. Functional evaluations were made according to the criteria by Stewart and Hundley. RESULTS: Union was achieved in all the @entity1 after a mean of 19 weeks (range 14 to 26 weeks). Shoulder range of motion was excellent in all the @entity1 . Elbow range of motion was excellent in 22 @entity1 and moderate in two @entity1 . Functional results were excellent in 20 @entity1 and good in four @entity1 . @entity281 , nonunion, malunion, implant failure, or permanent @entity128 did not occur in any of the @entity1 . Two @entity1 had transient @entity4542 . CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity1538 combined with autogenous bone grafting is a safe and effective option in humeral @entity1516 , particularly in cases without @entity281 , @entity154 , and deformity requiring correction.

title: [Treatment of humeral XXXX by open reduction and internal fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defect']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction and plate fixation']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthroses']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Deep infection']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve injury', 'radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthroses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nutrition management of @entity1 with @entity8884 due to @entity791 ( @entity791 ) is problematic. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of total parenteral nutrition ( @entity8856 ) and an oral, semielemental diet (SED) on body weight, body composition, quality of life, survival, and medical costs in @entity791 @entity1 with @entity8884 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label study performed in outpatients. Twenty-three @entity791 subjects ( @entity8856 group, 12; SED group, 11) with @entity11447 , @entity24516 , or @entity8884 of unknown cause were randomized and followed. Subjects were prescribed equivalent amounts of formulas of similar composition for 3 months. Monthly estimations of caloric intake, body weight, body composition by bioimpedance analysis, and quality of life were recorded. Nutritional variables were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of covariance, with the baseline measure as the covariate. Nutrition-related medical costs, survival, and indices of absorptive and immune function were compared, RESULTS: Subjects had lost an average of 1.5 and 1.0 kg body wt/mo for @entity8856 and SED during the 6 months before study entry (p < not significant). The @entity8856 group consumed more total calories than the SED group (p < .05). Weight change during therapy was significantly different from pretreatment in both groups (p < .01 for @entity8856 , p = .023 for SED). The @entity8856 group gained more weight than the SED group (p = .057) and significantly more fat (p = .02), but the changes in body cell mass were similar in the two groups. Changes in weight and body composition correlated with caloric intake but not the mode of feeding. The SED group scored significantly better than the @entity8856 group on a physical functioning subscale of quality of life (p < .01). Survival was similar in the two groups. @entity8856 therapy cost almost four times more than SED. Peripheral blood @entity404 + lymphocyte numbers were unaffected by either therapy. Intestinal function was not affected by either therapy. CONCLUSIONS: An oral SED may reverse @entity353 and wasting in @entity791 @entity1 with @entity8884 .

title: Comparison of total parenteral nutrition and an oral, semielemental diet on body composition, physical function, and nutrition-related costs in XXXX with @entity8884 due to @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption', 'malabsorption syndromes']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is a @entity74 . The aim of this study was to examine the trajectories of childhood growth associated with @entity2175 . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A total of 13  345 individuals born in Helsinki, Finland between 1934 and 1944 were included in the study. The @entity1 ' growth had been recorded in detail during childhood, and 11.7% (n  =  1558) had been diagnosed with @entity2175 . We divided the cohort around the median body mass index (BMI) at 11  years. Body composition and @entity413 tolerance were assessed in a clinical subsample (n  =  2003) in adulthood. RESULTS: Two pathways of growth were associated with @entity2175 . Both began with low weight and BMI at birth. In one, persistent low BMI through infancy was followed by a rapid increase in BMI in childhood. Amongst individuals with a BMI at 11  years above the median value, the odds ratio for @entity2175 associated with a one z-score increase in BMI between 2 and 11  years was 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.21-1.42, P  <  0.001). In the other pathway, low BMI at birth, accompanied by short length at birth, was followed by low BMI in childhood. Most @entity1 who developed @entity6 followed this trajectory; they developed @entity2175 at a lower BMI and lower fat percentage than @entity1 with a BMI above the median at 11  years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Two pathways of early growth trigger @entity2175 . Low fat deposition leading to @entity14968 at birth and during infancy results in fat acquisition during childhood. Reduced linear growth leading to short length at birth is associated with lower body fat percentage in adulthood but increased risk of developing @entity6 .

title: Trajectories of body mass index amongst XXXX who develop type 2 @entity6 as adults.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive peritoneal cytology is classified as @entity66 in @entity788 . While peritoneal cytology is typically obtained by laparoscopic peritoneal lavage, this study sought to examine the feasibility and safety of performing this percutaneously, with monitored anesthesia care and in combination with other diagnostic procedures to condense and expedite the staging process. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity788 scheduled for laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage were prospectively enrolled to undergo intraoperative percutaneous peritoneal lavage prior to laparoscopic peritoneal lavage. Saline was infused through a percutaneously-inserted catheter and fluid was collected for peritoneal cytology. Three-quadrant washings collected during laparoscopy were also sent for peritoneal cytology. The primary outcome was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous peritoneal lavage for detecting positive peritoneal cytology compared with the gold standard of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage, while the secondary outcome was to determine safety. RESULTS: Percutaneous peritoneal lavage was successfully performed in 70 of 76 @entity1 (92%). Ten of 48 @entity356 @entity1 (21%) and three of 22 @entity788 @entity1 (14%) had positive percutaneous and laparoscopic peritoneal cytology. Two additional @entity356 @entity1 had positive laparoscopic peritoneal cytology only. Sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous peritoneal lavage compared with laparoscopic peritoneal lavage were 87% and 100%, respectively. No complications occurred with percutaneous peritoneal lavage. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous peritoneal lavage is a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis of metastatic @entity788 . It is possible this can be utilized in an outpatient setting, such as during endoscopy, to allow for earlier diagnosis of @entity66 and decreased time to appropriate treatment.

title: Percutaneous Peritoneal Lavage for the Rapid Staging of Gastric and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'gastric or pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['M1 disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Background Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common @entity2143 procedures worldwide and an increased rate of cesarean section has been observed in recent studies. Maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity associated with cesarean section is an important health problem worldwide. This requires the evaluation of the effect of repeated cesarean delivery on maternal morbidity. Material and Methods A total of 2460 @entity1 who underwent delivery by CS at a center in southeast @entity233 between January 2012 and January 2014 (24 months) were included in the study. The @entity1 were divided into 5 groups according to the number of CSs, and the maternal and neonatal outcomes of the groups were retrospectively evaluated. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of maternal age, education level, time of hospitalization, operating time, the presence of dense adhesions, bowel and @entity1494 , the presence of @entity5030 , hysterectomy, blood transfusion requirements, and need for intensive care (p<0.05). @entity5030 (OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 2.6-53.2) and @entity8052 (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 3.9-37.8) were found to be important risk factors in terms of the need for hysterectomy. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for gestational age at birth, birth weight, fifth-minute APGAR score, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, uterine @entity397 , wound @entity281 , wound @entity6783 , @entity8052 , @entity204 , and @entity7288 (p>0.05). A total of 4 or more CSs was identified as the critical level for most of the major complications. Conclusions An increasing number of CSs is accompanied by serious maternal complications. Four or more CSs are of especially critical importance. Decreasing the number of cesarean sections is required to decrease relevant complications. Vaginal birth after CS is an option that should be recommended to the @entity1 .

title: Effect of multiple repeat cesarean sections on maternal morbidity: data from southeast XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['Placenta previa', 'placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukocytes are activated in the inflammatory process involving locally atherosclerotic lesions through adhesive molecules attaching to the surface of endothelial cells, especially during @entity583 . The aim of the study was to assess @entity2842 , @entity10557 , and @entity5737 serum levels in @entity1 with STEMI and to correlate them with the severity of @entity1002 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 were initially divided into two groups, with group 1 having an ejection fraction (EF) above 40% and group 2 an EF of 40% or less. Next, the @entity1 were divided on the basis of wall motion score index (WMSI): group 3 had a WMSI of 1.3 or lower and group 4 had a WMSI above 1.3. A control group of ten volunteers was also included in the study. Serum samples were taken at admission as well as 3, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days after. RESULTS: The baseline serum levels of @entity2842 and @entity5737 in group 1 were significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively). The highest concentrations of chemokines were observed 3 h after admission. The serum levels of @entity10557 on admission and 3 h later were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Maximum @entity47144 concentrations were observed 3 h after admission in group 3 and 24 h after admission in group 4 (p<0.006). In group 1, @entity10557 3 h after admission correlated positively with the EF (r=0.444, p<0.05). In group 1 there was a negative correlation between @entity10557 concentration 3 h after admission and LV end-diastolic dimension (r=-0.492, p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity583 with an elevated ST segment had a significant increase in @entity2842 , @entity10557 , and @entity5737 serum levels.

title: Chemokines and left ventricular function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricle (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: At the beginning of @entity731 before evidence of morphological lesions or plaques, vascular distensibility or arterial compliance decreased gradually. This @entity409 is regarded as an early feature of @entity731 . In a randomized, double-blind study design, group 1 (12 @entity1 ; 7 males, 5 females) with serum @entity11429 levels higher than 170 mg/dL and without any other risk factor for @entity731 received three months of 20 mg/day @entity2993 treatment while group 11 (8 males, 4 females) with the same characteristics received 80 mg/day. Baseline and posttreatment serum lipid fractions and arterial compliance were measured. Arterial compliance was measured noninvasively in the left common carotid artery with color Doppler ultrasound. @entity2993 reduced total @entity165 (TC), @entity11429 , and @entity412 levels by 32% (P < 0.001), 40.8% (P < 0.001), and 19% (P < 0.001), respectively, and increased HDL-C by 6.9%, (P = 0.002) in the first group. In the second group these reductions were 38.5% (P < 0.001), 46.2% (P < 0.001), and 26.78% (P < 0.001), respectively, and the increase in HDL was 7.8% (P = 0.03). It was observed that the decrease in serum TC, @entity11429 and @entity412 levels were significantly higher in the second group than the first group. With @entity2993 , the distensibility coefficient (DC) and compliance coefficient (CC) increased from 18.7 +/- 3.4 to 21.3 +/- 2.9 10(-3) x kPa(-1) (P < 0.001) and from 0.69 +/- 0.05 to 0.77 +/- 0.03 mm2 x kPa(-1) (P < 0.001) in the first group while they changed from 18.3 +/- 3.6 to 21.9 +/- 3.0 10(-3) x kPa(-1) (P < 0.001) and from 0.70 +/- 0.04 to 0.81 +/- 0.01 mm2 x kPa(-1) (P < 0.001) respectively, in the second group. DC and CC increased in both groups, but the differences between the groups were not significant. High doses of @entity2993 reduce blood lipid levels more than conventional doses, however, the change in compliance is not dose-dependent. As @entity409 is regarded as an early feature of @entity731 , there would be no need to administer aggressive doses in a @entity1 without any risk factors other than @entity407 .

title: Effects of low and high doses of XXXX on arterial compliance.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SP) have an important impact on the function of the pulmonary surfactant. In contrast to @entity1 , @entity35 lungs are immature at birth. Alveolarization starts on postnatal day 4. Little is known about the distribution of SP during postnatal alveolarization. By immunoelectron microscopy, we studied the distribution of @entity18889 , @entity23284 , @entity27573 , and precursors of @entity10459 in type II pneumocytes before, near the end and after alveolarization and in mature lungs. We determined the subcellular volume fractions and the relative labeling index to obtain information about preferential labeling of compartments and non-randomness of labeling. Independently of alveolarization, the overall cellular distribution of SP was non-random. A preferential labeling for @entity18889 and @entity23284 was found in small vesicles and multivesicular bodies (mvb). @entity27573 and precursors of @entity10459 were localized in mvb and lamellar bodies (lb). There are no postnatal changes in labeling for all three SP in these compartments. Labeling intensity for @entity27573 in lb increased in close correlation with a significant increase in the volume fractions of lb during alveolarization. Our results support the concept that postnatal alveolarization in @entity35 lungs is associated with significant increases in the @entity27573 content in lb and volume fraction of lb in type II pneumocytes. The postnatal compartment-specific distribution of @entity18889 , precursors of @entity10459 and @entity23284 does not change.

title: Distribution of surfactant proteins in type II pneumocytes of newborn, 14-day old, and adult XXXX : an immunoelectron microscopic and stereological study.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the number of blood cultures collected and the appropriateness of care for suspected bacteremic community-acquired @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in the elderly. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 129 @entity1 with @entity293 > 65 years old admitted to a large community-based training hospital in Japan from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009. We assessed the association between the number of blood cultures collected and the appropriateness of care received, as well as other factors. Two-thirds of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and @entity1 > 85 years old accounted for 45.0% of the cases. Most of the organisms isolated from the urine and blood were @entity526 (65.4-67.0%). More than two blood cultures were collected 79.1% of the time, and 66.7% of the cases were evaluated as having been treated appropriately. The appropriateness of care was not significantly related to the number of blood cultures. The appropriateness of care received in the general internal medicine department was significantly higher (p = 0.016) than that in other departments. Thus, the appropriateness of care for suspected @entity293 in the elderly was not significantly associated with the number of blood cultures. However, the department of hospitalization may have influenced the appropriateness of care.

title: Association between the number of blood cultures and appropriateness of care for suspected XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'bacteremic UTI', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['bacteremic urinary tract infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether real-time elastography, a new, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of @entity0 , improves the differentiation and characterization of benign and malignant @entity1558 . METHODS: Real-time elastography was carried out in 108 potential @entity0 @entity1 with cytologically or histologically confirmed focal @entity1558 (59 benign, 49 malignant; median age, 53.9 years; range, 16-84 years). @entity5 and healthy tissue were differentiated by measurement of elasticity based on the correlation between tissue properties and elasticity modulus. Evaluation was performed using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, in which the information is color-coded and superimposed on the B-mode ultrasound image. A second observer evaluated the elastography images, in order to improve the objectivity of the method. The results of B-mode scan and elastography were compared with those of histology and previous sonographic findings. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated, taking histology as the gold standard. RESULTS: B-mode ultrasound had a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 78%, compared with sensitivities of 77.6% and 79.6% and specificities of 91.5% and 84.7%, respectively, for the two observers evaluating elastography. Agreement between B-mode ultrasound and elastography was good, yielding a weighted kappa of 0.67. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial clinical results suggest that real-time elastography improves the specificity of breast lesion diagnosis and is a promising new approach for the diagnosis of @entity0 . Elastography provides additional information for differentiating malignant BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) category IV lesions.

title: Real-time elastography--an advanced method of ultrasound: First results in 108 XXXX with @entity1558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have determined the structures of complexes between the phage @entity23493 coat protein and variants of the replicase translational operator in order to explore the sequence specificity of the RNA-protein interaction. The 19-nt RNA hairpins studied have substitutions at two positions that have been shown to be important for specific binding. At one of these positions, -10, which is a bulged @entity859 (A) in the stem of the wild-type operator hairpin, substitutions were made with @entity17350 (G), @entity3183 (C) and two non-native bases, @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) and @entity14572 (I). At the other position, -7 in the hairpin loop, the native @entity5536 was substituted with a @entity3183 . Of these, only the @entity14934 , @entity23882 and C-7 variants showed interpretable density for the RNA hairpin. In spite of large differences in binding affinities, the structures of the variant complexes are very similar to the wild-type operator complex. For @entity14934 substitutions in hairpin variants that can form bulges at alternative places in the stem, the binding affinity is low and a partly disordered conformation is seen in the electron density maps. The affinity is similar to that of wild-type when the base pairs adjacent to the bulged @entity377 are selected to avoid alternative conformations. Both purines bind in a very similar way in a pocket in the protein. In the @entity23882 variant, which has very low affinity, the @entity3183 is partly inserted in the protein pocket rather than intercalated in the RNA stem. Substitution of the wild-type @entity859 at position -7 by @entity6245 gives strongly reduced affinities, but the structure of the C-7 complex shows that the base occupies the same position as the @entity19070 in the wild-type RNA. It is stacked in the RNA and makes no direct contact with the protein.

title: Investigating the structural basis of purine specificity in the structures of XXXX coat protein RNA translational operator hairpins.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

answer: @entity23493 :: (100271694,Gene) :: ['MS2']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Refractoriness of calcium release in heart cells is altered in several disease states, but the physiological mechanisms that regulate this process are incompletely understood. We examined refractoriness of calcium release in @entity19 ventricular myocytes and investigated how activation of different intracellular signalling pathways influenced this process. We found that refractoriness of calcium release is abbreviated by stimulation of the 'fight-or-flight' response, and that simultaneous activation of multiple intracellular signalling pathways contributes to this response. Data obtained under several conditions at the subcellular, microscopic level were consistent with results obtained at the cellular level. The results provide insight into regulation of cardiac calcium release and how alterations to this process may increase @entity943 risk under different conditions. ABSTRACT: Time-dependent refractoriness of calcium (Ca(2+) ) release in cardiac myocytes is an important factor in determining whether pro-arrhythmic release patterns develop. At the subcellular level of the Ca(2+) spark, recent studies have suggested that recovery of spark amplitude is controlled by local sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) refilling whereas refractoriness of spark triggering depends on both refilling and the sensitivity of the @entity19340 ( @entity19340 ) release channels that produce sparks. Here we studied regulation of Ca(2+) spark refractoriness in @entity19 ventricular myocytes by examining how b-adrenergic stimulation influenced sequences of Ca(2+) sparks originating from individual @entity19340 clusters. Our protocol allowed us to separately measure recovery of spark amplitude and delays between successive sparks, and data were interpreted quantitatively through simulations with a stochastic mathematical model. We found that, compared with spark sequences measured under control conditions: (1) b-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (isoprenaline) accelerated spark amplitude recovery and decreased spark-to-spark delays; (2) activating protein kinase A (PKA) with forskolin accelerated amplitude recovery but did not affect spark-to-spark delays; (3) inhibiting PKA with @entity1032 amplitude recovery and increased spark-to-spark delays; (4) preventing phosphorylation of the @entity19340 at serine 2808 with a knock-in @entity19 prevented the decrease in spark-to-spark delays seen with b-adrenergic stimulation; (5) inhibiting either PKA or @entity60125 ( @entity60125 ) during b-adrenergic stimulation prevented the decrease in spark-to-spark delays seen without inhibition. The results suggest that activation of either PKA or @entity60125 is sufficient to speed SR refilling, but activation of both kinases appears necessary to observe increased @entity19340 sensitivity. The data provide novel insight into b-adrenergic regulation of Ca(2+) release refractoriness in @entity19 myocytes.

title: Maximal acceleration of Ca(2+) release refractoriness by b-adrenergic stimulation requires dual activation of kinases PKA and XXXX in @entity19 ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity60125 :: ('12325(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CaMKII', 'Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase  II']

answer: @entity60125 :: (12325(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CaMKII']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different @entity99 methods on liver regeneration in @entity35 after partial hepatectomy (PH). METHODS: Male @entity35 -Furth @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, underwent 68% hepatectomy alone; occlusion of portal triad (OPT) group, subjected to occlusion of portal triad under portal blood bypass; and occlusion of portal vein (OPV) group, subjected to occlusion of portal vein under portal blood bypass. Blood flow was occluded for 20, 30, and 40 minutes before 68% hepatectomy. According to the 7-day survival of each group, a same occlusion time T was set. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 8), in which animals were killed 3 and 7 days later. Liver regeneration was calculated as a percent of initial liver weight. Immunohistochemistry for @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) and Ki-67 was performed to quantify proliferating cells. In addition, functional liver volume represented by 99Tc(m)-GSA radioactivity was assessed. RESULTS: The safe tolerance limit time was 30 minutes for OPT group and 40 minutes for OPV group. At 3 days after PH, no significant difference was observed in the regeneration rate of each group (P > 0.05). However, liver radioactive activity, @entity1975 labeling index, and Ki-67 index of OPV group was significantly higher than those of OPT group (P < 0.05); the latter were similar to those of control group (P > 0.05). At 7 days after PH, no significant difference was observed in all indexes among three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with Pringle maneuver, preserving the hepatic artery flow during portal triad blood inflow occlusion can promote remnant liver regeneration early after PH.

title: [Effects of different @entity99 methods on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflow occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The SOURCE XT Registry (Edwards SAPIEN XT Aortic Bioprosthesis Multi-Region Outcome Registry) assessed the use and clinical outcomes with the SAPIEN XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) valve in the real-world setting. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an established treatment for high-risk/inoperable @entity1 with severe @entity472 . The SAPIEN XT is a balloon-expandable valve with enhanced features allowing delivery via a lower profile sheath. METHODS: The SOURCE XT Registry is a prospective, multicenter, post-approval study. Data from 2,688 @entity1 at 99 sites were analyzed. The main outcome measures were all-cause mortality, @entity64 , major @entity455 , @entity548 , and pacemaker implantations at 30-days and 1 year post-procedure. RESULTS: The mean age was 81.4    6.6 years, 42.3% were male, and the mean logistic EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) was 20.4    12.4%. @entity1 had a high burden of @entity301 (44.2%), @entity6 (29.4%), @entity177 (28.9%), @entity955 (25.6%), and @entity1095 (21.2%). Survival was 93.7% at 30 days and 80.6% at 1 year. At 30-day follow-up, the @entity64 rate was 3.6%, the rate of major @entity455 was 6.5%, the rate of life-threatening @entity548 was 5.5%, the rate of new pacemakers was 9.5%, and the rate of moderate/severe @entity2478 was 5.5%. Multivariable analysis identified nontransfemoral approach (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84; p  < 0.0001), @entity177 (HR: 1.53; p  < 0.0001), @entity409 (HR: 1.67; p  =  0.0453), moderate/severe @entity997 (HR: 1.47; p  = 0.0019), porcelain aorta (HR: 1.47; p  = 0.0352), and @entity955 (HR: 1.41; p  = 0.0014), with the highest HRs for 1-year mortality. @entity455 and major/life-threatening @entity548 were the most frequently seen complications associated with a significant increase in 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The SOURCE XT Registry demonstrated appropriate use of the SAPIEN XT @entity5240 in the first year post-commercialization in Europe. The safety profile is sustained, and clinical benefits have been established in the real-world setting. (SOURCE XT Registry; NCT01238497).

title: European experience with the second-generation Edwards SAPIEN XT transcatheter heart valve in XXXX with severe @entity472 : 1-year outcomes from the SOURCE XT Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'Major vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Liver cells isolated from intact tissue can reaggregate to form three-dimensional, multicellular spheroids in vitro. During this process, cells undergo a histological and environmental change. How cells respond biochemically to this change has not been studied in detail previously. We have investigated some biochemical changes in @entity35 liver cells during the formation and maintenance of spheroids. Liver cells were isolated from male Sprague @entity35 and spheroids cultured by a gyrotatory-mediated method. Liver cells were shown to respond to the isolation procedure and the formation of spheroids triggered histological environmental changes that increased @entity369 uptake, @entity842 (NO) and @entity1133 syntheses, as well as raised levels of @entity2197 , @entity9492 , @entity367 and @entity2574 secretion within the first couple of days after cell isolation. Levels were maintained at a relatively stable level in the mature spheroids (>5 days) over the 3 week period of observation. P450 1A1 activity was lost in the first 2 days and gradually recovered thereafter. This study, for the first time, shows that liver cells after isolation and during spheroid formation actively uptake @entity369 and increase NO and @entity1133 syntheses. A high level of NO is likely to play an important role in modulating a series of biochemical changes in liver cells. It is considered that liver cells actively respond to the 'challenge' induced by the isolation procedure and subsequent histological environmental changes, and biochemical modulation and instability result. The stable cell-cell contacts and histological environment in mature spheroids permit and support functional recovery and maintenance in vitro. This period of stability permits the use of spheroids in @entity137 studies to establish acute and chronic paradigms.

title: Biochemical and functional changes of @entity35 liver spheroids during spheroid formation and maintenance in culture: II. XXXX synthesis and related changes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']