abstract: The @entity2359 effects produced by @entity4326 (IA) induced @entity6220 (CNS) cholinergic system were examined on the opioid peptidergic system in adult @entity35 . Forebrain cholinergic systems were bilaterally lesioned by the infusion of IA (1 or 5 micrograms/site) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). One week after the injections, the animals were sacrificed, and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and concentrations of beta-endorphin (beta-End) and Met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were measured in different brain regions. Animals treated with IA showed a decrease in the activity of @entity4268 (-24%), AChE (-36%) and beta-End level (-33%) in the frontoparietal cortex (FC). For the first time we report that these changes were associated with a compensatory increase in the activity of @entity4268 (+27%), AChE (+25%), beta-End level (+66%) in the remaining part of the cortex, i.e. cortex devoid of frontal cortex (C-FC). Met-enkephalin level increased by 59% in the frontoparietal cortex and did not change in the cortex devoid of frontal cortex upon IA treatment. These results suggest that IA treatment results in changes in the activity of cortical @entity4268 and AChE, and beta-End level in the same direction. Injection of IA in the NBM did not cause a change in the activity of @entity4268 or AChE in other brain regions such as hippocampus, striatum or midbrain. In addition to cortex devoid of frontal cortex, midbrain also showed a significant increase in the beta-End level in the IA treated animals. However, pituitary beta-End decreased in the neurotoxin treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The XXXX actions of @entity4326 on cholinergic and opioid peptidergic systems in the central nervous system of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['chemical lesions of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the 6-months treatment efficacy and 24-month follow up of three different therapeutic programs (A. @entity13079 and supportive guidance, B. group cognitive-behavioral therapy and pill placebo, and C. combination of @entity13079 and group cognitive-behavioral therapy) in @entity1 with a generalized form of @entity913 . Eighty one @entity1 (38 males and 43 females) were randomly assigned to three different therapeutic programs. @entity1 were regularly assessed on a monthly basis by an independent rater on the LSAS (Liebowitz Social Anxiety scale), CGI (Clinical Global Impression) for severity and change and BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory). Altogether, sixty-six @entity1 completed the six month treatment period and 15 @entity1 dropped out. All therapeutic groups showed significant improvement. A combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy yielded the most rapid effect. @entity13079 was superior for the reduction of the subjective general @entity148 (BAI) during the first 3 months of treatment, but its influence on avoidant behavior (LSAS avoidance subscale) was less pronounced. Conversely, CBT was the best choice for reduction of avoidant behavior while a reduction of subjective general @entity148 appeared later than in @entity13079 . After 6 months of treatment there were best results reached in groups treated with CBT and there was no advantage of the combined treatment. The relapse rate during the 24-month follow up was significantly lower in the group treated with CBT in comparison with the group A. formerly treated with @entity13079 alone.

title: XXXX and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of @entity913 . A six-month controlled study and 24 months follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide', 'Moclobemide']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

answer: @entity13079 :: (MESH:D020912,Chemical) :: ['Moclobemide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity955 increases the risk of @entity385 , but the risk depends on other factors as well. Present risk stratification schemes use age and co-morbidities, but not biochemical markers. We investigated the hypothesis that the formation, structure and lysability of fibrin clots are potential determinants of @entity64 risk in @entity1 with @entity955 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 179 @entity1 with @entity955 in stable anticoagulant treatment were included. Thirty-two had a previous @entity385 . We measured @entity556 generation, plasma concentrations of @entity2002 and @entity1851 and analysed fibrin structure and lysability by turbidity. Fibrinolytic capacity was measured using the euglobulin fraction of plasma expressed in terms of @entity3479 equivalents (IU/ml). RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity64 had a slightly higher burden of co-morbidities compared with the remaining @entity1 as indicated by the CHA2DS2-VASc score, but no significant differences were found regarding age, @entity2002 concentration, @entity1851 , @entity556 generation or fibrinolytic capacity. Furthermore, the @entity1 with @entity64 had a higher mass/length ratio of fibrin fibers (5.5 vs. 5.1 x10(12) Da/cm, p=0.044) and an increased lysability (79.3 vs. 55.3%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The higher lysability of fibrin clots in @entity955 @entity1 with @entity64 is most likely a result of a difference in fibrin fiber properties. An increased lysability may increase the risk of embolization of clots formed in the atria, and therefore fibrin clot structure seems to be a determinant of @entity64 risk in @entity955 .

title: Lysability of fibrin clots is a potential new determinant of @entity64 risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of pegylated recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 ( @entity970 -rhG-CSF) in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 . METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 or @entity0 and with normal bone marrow function were eligible for the trial. In the phase I trial, @entity1 were to treated with two cycles of @entity1311 / @entity3003 chemotherapy every 21 days. In cycle 1, if absolute neutrophil count (ANC) dropped below 1.0 x 10(9)/ L with fever and/or ANC dropped below 0.5 x 10(9)/L, rhG-CSF 150 microg/d was administrated until WBC > or = 10 x 10(9)/L or ANC > or = 5.0 x 10(9)/L. In cycle 2, @entity1 were to receive a single injection of @entity970 -rhG-CSF (30, 60, 100, or 200 microg/kg) 48 hours after chemotherapy. Pharmacodynamic analyses were performed. RESULTS: All the 16 @entity1 enrolled (4 in each group) were eligible for efficacy evaluation. In cycle 1, 7 @entity1 received rhG-CSF administration because of grade 4 @entity1398 , while in cycle 2, there was only 1 episode of grade 4 @entity1398 , which were in the 30 microg/kg group. In cycle 1, the mean ANC nadir of 1.37 x 10(9)/L occurred on day 13 in the 9 @entity1 who received no rhG-CSF administration. In cycle 2, the mean ANC nadirs were 0.77 x 10(9)/L, 4.54 x 10(9)/L, 3.00 x 10(9)/L, and 5.56 x 10(9)/L, respectively, in 30, 60, 100, or 200 microg/kg group. The nadirs of the first two groups occurred on day 8 of cycle 2, while those of the other two groups appeared on day 7. After @entity970 -rhG-CSF administration, two mean ANC peaks were observed. The first one ranging from 20.87 x 10(9)/L to 33.61 x 10(9)/L in the 4 groups appeared on day 3 to day 4. In the 30 microg/ kg group, the mean ANC reached the second peak at 5.03 x 10(9)/L on day 14. The second peaks on day 10 in the other groups were 12.42 x 10(9)/L, 11.59 x 10(9)/L, and 18.92 x 10(9)/L, respectively. Pharmacodynamic analyses showed sustained serum concentrations of @entity970 -rhG-CSF during the period of @entity1398 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 -rhG-CSF administration may decrease the incidence of grade 4 neutopenia and result in earlier and higher nadir ANCs. @entity970 -rhG-CSF has a potential of once-per-cycle administration. The ANC and serum concentration of @entity970 -rhG-CSF are consistent with neutrophil receptor-mediated clearance.

title: [Efficacy of once-per-cycle administration pegylated recombinant XXXX @entity1261 in chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 in a phase I trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Histone deacetylase inhibitors are members of a class of epigenetic drugs that have proven activity in T-cell @entity5 , but little is known about their efficacy in @entity1892 . @entity61370 is an orally available @entity10587 -containing histone deacetylase inhibitor that differs from approved inhibitors; its unique pharmacokinetic profile and oral dosing schedule, twice daily 4 hours apart, allows for continuous exposure at concentrations required for efficient @entity5 cell killing. In this phase 2 study, @entity1 with relapsed/ @entity1893 or @entity1072 received oral @entity61370 at 80 mg BID for 14 days of a 21-day cycle and continued until @entity74 or unacceptable @entity137 . A total of 100 @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 and @entity784 were enrolled between Oct 2011 and Jul 2014. All @entity1 received at least 1 dose of study drug; primary reasons for discontinuation included @entity74 (56%) and adverse events (25%). Grade >= 3 adverse events and any serious adverse events were reported in 88% and 73% of @entity1 , respectively. The most frequently reported grade >= 3 treatment-emergent related adverse events were @entity882 (80%), @entity1398 (27%), and @entity417 (12%). Among the 87 @entity1 evaluable for efficacy, overall response rate was 28% (complete response, 5%), with highest responses observed in @entity1 with @entity706 (overall response rate, 56%), @entity784 (overall response rate, 40%), and diffuse large @entity1892 (ORR, 31%). Further investigation of the safety and efficacy of @entity61370 in @entity706 , @entity784 , and diffuse large @entity1892 implementing a less dose-intense week-on-week-off schedule is warranted. Trial registration identifier: EudraCT-2009-013691-47.

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity61370 , a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, in XXXX and @entity1072 : Results of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10587 :: ('CHEBI:24648', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity61370 :: ('MESH:C512352', 'Chemical') :: ['abexinostat', 'Abexinostat']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulomatous @entity784 ( @entity784 ) are rare and represent a diagnostic challenge. Only limited data on the clinicopathological and prognostic features of granulomatous @entity784 are available. We studied 19 @entity1 with granulomatous @entity784 to further characterize the clinicopathological, therapeutic, and prognostic features. OBSERVATIONS: The group included 15 @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and 4 with @entity42424 ( @entity42424 ) defined according to the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 classification for @entity706 . @entity1 with @entity4888 and @entity42424 displayed overlapping histologic features and differed only clinically by the development of bulky skin folds in @entity42424 . Histologically, epidermotropism of lymphocytes was not a prominent feature and was absent in 9 of 19 cases (47%). Stable or progressive disease was observed in most @entity1 despite various treatment modalities. Extracutaneous spread occurred in 5 of 19 @entity1 (26%), second @entity706 developed in 4 of 19 @entity1 (21%), and 6 of 19 @entity1 (32%) died of their disease. Disease-specific 5-year survival rate in @entity4888 was 66%. CONCLUSIONS: There are clinical differences between @entity4888 and @entity42424 , but they show overlapping histologic findings and therefore cannot be discriminated by histologic examination alone. Development of hanging skin folds is restricted to the intertriginous body regions. Granulomatous @entity784 show a therapy-resistant, slowly progressive course. The prognosis of @entity4888 appears worse than that of classic @entity4888 .

title: @entity4888 and @entity42424 : a multicenter study of the @entity706 Histopathology Task Force Group of the European Organization For Research and Treatment of XXXX (EORTC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['GMF', 'nongranulomatous mycosis fungoides', 'granulomatous mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms', 'cutaneous lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCLs', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity42424 :: ('MESH:D016410', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous slack skin', 'GSS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this work, the potential benefits and limitations of different treatment techniques, based on mixed photon-electron beams, 3D conformal therapy, intensity modulated photons (IM) and protons (passively scattered and spot scanned), have been assessed using comparative treatment planning methods in a cohort of @entity1 presenting with advanced @entity135 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plans for five @entity1 were computed for all modalities using CT scans to delineate target volume ( @entity343 ) and organs at risk (OAR) and to predict dose distributions. The prescribed dose to the @entity343 was 54 Gy, whilst the spinal cord was constrained to a maximum dose of 40.5 Gy for all techniques. Dose volume histograms were used for physical and biological evaluation, which included equivalent uniform dose (EUD) calculations. RESULTS: Excluding the mixed photon-electron technique, @entity343 coverage was within the defined limits for all techniques, with protons providing significantly improved dose homogeneity, resulting in correspondingly higher EUD results. For the spinal cord, protons also provided the best sparing with maximum doses as low as 17 Gy. Whilst the IM plans were demonstrated to be significantly superior to non-modulated photon plans, they were found to be inferior to protons for both criteria. A similar result was found for the parotid glands. Although they are partially included in the treated volume there is a clear indication that protons, and to a lesser extent IM photons, could play an important role in preserving organ functionality with a consequent improvement of the @entity1 's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: For advanced @entity135 , we have demonstrated that the use of IM photons or protons both have the potential to reduce the possibility of @entity602 . In addition, a substantial reduction of dose to the parotid glands through the use of protons enhances the interest for such a treatment modality in cases of advanced @entity135 . However, in terms of target coverage, the use of 3D conformal therapy, although somewhat inferior in quality to protons or IM photons, has been shown to be a reasonable alternative to the more advanced techniques. In contrast, the conventional technique of mixed photon and electron fields has been shown to be inferior to all other techniques for both target coverage and OAR involvement.

title: A treatment planning comparison of 3D conformal therapy, intensity modulated photon therapy and proton therapy for treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord toxicity']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1426 ( @entity12335 ) is an essential @entity844 and a major constituent of biomembranes. It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), which is involved in the development of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, the effects of dietary @entity12335 on @entity309 are unclear. Our objective was to clarify the effects of dietary @entity12335 on an experimental @entity35 arthritis model. METHODS: Lew @entity35 were fed three contents of @entity12335 diet (0.07%, 0.15% or 0.32% @entity12335 in diet (w/w)), a @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) diet (0.32% @entity4601 ), or a control diet. After 4  weeks, arthritis was induced by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the hind footpad. We observed the development of arthritis for another 4  weeks, and evaluated arthritis severity, @entity844 and lipid mediator contents in the paw, and expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation and inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with @entity3352 was also evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity12335 content of phospholipids in the paw was significantly elevated with dietary @entity12335 in a dose-dependent manner. Dietary @entity12335 as well as @entity4601 did not affect arthritis severity (paw edema, arthritis score, and bone erosion). @entity1421 content in the paw was increased by arthritis induction, but was not modified by dietary @entity12335 . Dietary @entity12335 did not affect the contents of other lipid mediators and gene expression of @entity9774 , @entity4665 , lipoxgenases and inflammatory cytokines. @entity3352 suppressed arthritis severity and @entity1421 content in the paw. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dietary @entity12335 increases @entity12335 content in the paw, but has no effect on arthritis severity and @entity1421 content of the paw in a @entity35 arthritis model.

title: Dietary supplementation with @entity1426 increases @entity1426 content in paw, but does not affect arthritis severity or @entity1421 content in XXXX adjuvant-induced arthritis model.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of dextran sulfate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis in the treatment of three @entity1 (aged 6, 7, and 10 years) with severe familial homozygous @entity1007 and undetectable @entity754 activity. A total of 35 double plasma volume procedures were performed. The ranges of the mean decreases of the three @entity1 in plasma lipid concentrations after LDL apheresis (p less than 0.0001) were as follows: total @entity165 , 76% to 79%; LDL- @entity165 , 78% to 81%; very low density lipoprotein @entity165 , 69% to 75%; high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , 27% to 40%; and @entity1674 , 34% to 68%. There were statistically significant but clinically and biologically irrelevant changes in hematologic indexes, serum chemistry values, immunoglobulin levels, complement activity, and plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins. Simple correlation analysis of the variables affecting total @entity165 removal showed significant correlation coefficients (r values) for preapheresis total @entity165 values (r = 0.70; p less than 0.01) and preapheresis LDL- @entity165 values (r = 0.61; p less than 0.01). A multiple regression model explained 82% of the variance based on the preapheresis @entity165 concentration, volume of whole blood processed, and the serum albumin concentration. Side effects of the LDL-apheresis treatments were rare and included abdominal cramping and @entity110 . Two procedures were aborted because of intravenous access problems in the younger @entity1 . This study confirms that LDL apheresis using a dextran sulfate affinity column is efficacious in rapidly lowering total and LDL- @entity165 concentrations. Furthermore, the procedure is safe and well tolerated by @entity1 as young as 6 years of age. This treatment may prevent the progression of @entity731 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 and may therefore avert early death.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with homozygous XXXX : safety and efficacy of low-density lipoprotein apheresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: It is difficult to distinguish childhood @entity311 from other common @entity74 by parasite count alone, because of the wide variation in tolerance of parasitaemia among individuals. We postulated that the proportion of febrile episodes among young @entity1 that can be attributed to parasitaemia varies according to simple clinical criteria. We studied 1114 @entity1 aged 2-9 years, who attended a dispensary in the Republic of @entity3456 , with a case-control approach; each of 557 febrile @entity1 was matched with a non-febrile control by sex, age, ethnic group, and day of presentation. Febrile episodes were classified according to three clinical criteria: the presence of a likely non-malarial cause; the duration (less than 3 or more than 3 days before presentation); and the intensity (below 39 degrees C or 39 degrees C and above). There was no evidence for an association between febrile episodes and parasite count during the dry, low-transmission, season. During the rainy, high-transmission, season, by contrast, there was a highly significant relation (p less than 0.0001) between the likelihood of @entity221 and the parasite count; each clinical criterion strengthened the association. There was no association between parasitaemia and low intensity fevers, with an obvious cause, that started 3 or more days before presentation, even in the rainy season; however, the relative risk of a @entity221 that met all three criteria developing in those with vs those without parasitaemia was 27.5. The proportion of febrile cases attributable to detectable parasitaemia (population attributable risk) ranged from 0 to 0.92. Our results suggest that simple clinical criteria may be valuable in the selection of febrile patients for antimalarial treatment. In this geographic area, high @entity221 of short duration and with no other obvious cause that occurs during the rainy season is most likely to be @entity311 .

title: Epidemiological basis for clinical diagnosis of childhood XXXX in endemic zone in West Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['febrile disorders']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Treatment of intrauterine @entity281 is likely key to preventing a significant proportion of preterm deliveries before 32 weeks of gestation. @entity4580 (AZ) may be an effective antimicrobial in pregnancy; however, few gestation age-approriate data are available to inform the design of AZ-based treatment regimens in early pregnancy. We aimed to determine whether a single intra- @entity2907 AZ dose or repeated maternal intravenous (i.v.) AZ doses would safely yield therapeutic levels of AZ in an 80-day-gestation (term is 150 days) ovine fetus. Fifty @entity742 carrying single pregnancies at 80 days gestation were randomized to receive either: (i) a single intra- @entity2907 AZ administration or (ii) maternal intravenous AZ administration every 12 h. Amniotic fluid, maternal plasma, and fetal AZ concentrations were determined over a 5-day treatment regimen. Markers of @entity99 and @entity2907 fluid @entity32 were measured to assess @entity2241 in response to drug exposure. A single intra- @entity2907 administration yielded significant AZ accumulation in the @entity2907 fluid and fetal lung. In contrast, repeated maternal intravenous administrations achieved high levels of AZ accumulation in the fetal lung and liver and a statistically significant increase in the fetal plasma drug concentration at 120 h. There was no evidence of @entity2241 in response to drug exposure. These data suggest that (i) repeated maternal i.v. AZ dosing yields substantial fetal tissue uptake, although fetal plasma drug levels remain low; (ii) transfer of AZ from the @entity2907 fluid is less than transplacental transfer; and (iii) exposure to high concentrations of AZ did not elicit overt changes in fetal white blood cell counts, @entity2907 fluid monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 concentrations, or hepatotoxicity, all consistent with an absence of @entity2241 .

title: Maternal intravenous administration of XXXX results in significant fetal uptake in a @entity742 model of second trimester pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal injury']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: @entity130 is common in acute or chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. The patterns of @entity75 are predictable in the acute and chronically unstable knee. The early incidence of @entity130 is high and increases with time. Meniscal repair has become increasingly successful. Techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have also improved, and with more progressive rehabilitation programmes, this has become a more tolerable procedure for both @entity1 of highly athletic lifestyles and more moderate recreational athletes. The decision-making process for the sports medicine physician requires an overall assessment of many variables. A delicate balance of factors such as age, sex, joint laxity, activity level, individual motivation, social circumstances, associated meniscal, collateral ligament and/or chondral damage may sway the surgeon towards a nonoperative or operative decision. At the present time, a 'cook book' answer to each case presented is not available. As in all of medicine, each @entity1 is an entity that requires an individual evaluation and a specific course of treatment. This review aims to help in this decision-making process. Future prospective studies investigating the many variables mentioned will hopefully objectively delineate guidelines for the choice of the most effective therapeutic regimen.

title: XXXX in the anterior cruciate-deficient knee. A rationale for clinical decision-making.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Meniscal injury', 'meniscal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Meniscal injury']


abstract: @entity15809 is the single most common diverticular event arising in the esophagus. Its physiopathology is universally recognized. Lack of coordination between the propulsive pharyngeal contractions and the release of the upper esophageal sphincter creates abnormally high pressure in the pharyngeal chamber, resulting in the collapse of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx, i.e., the Laimer-Killian triangle (or Killian's dehiscence). The @entity33 that develops constitutes the diverticulum, which grows in volume and above all in length and is compressed between two rigid structures, namely, the spine posteriorly and the @entity825 anteriorly. Swallowing progressively fills the diverticulum, which in turn leads to compression of the esophagus and hence to the characteristic symptom of "delayed @entity1282 " or " @entity1282 of the 3rd bite". These physiopathological considerations underpin the rationale for surgical treatment, namely upper esophageal sphincter myotomy and diverticulectomy, which is the standard approach used in the 44 cases presented here. A diverticulopexy was performed only once due to the @entity1 's advanced age. Myotomy alone was performed in only one case, given the small size of the diverticulum. In two @entity1 the standard procedure was carried out following emergency therapy for iatrogenic perforation of the diverticulum. The @entity1 with @entity5 underwent chemo-radiotherapy after futile surgical attempts. Complications included transitory salivary leakage (1 case), and a transitory laryngeal nerve deficit (1 case). @entity354 was present in two-thirds of the @entity1 . A Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication was performed one year after treatment of the diverticulum in 5 @entity1 . The following important aspects emerged: i) the incidence of @entity5 on the diverticulum; ii) the association and possible pathogenetic relationship with @entity354 iii) the validity of myotomy plus diverticulectomy as a treatment option in view of the negligible complications and the absence of relapse and/or persistence of @entity1282 .

title: [Our experience with pharyngo-esophageal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hernia']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux disease', 'Gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a known risk predictor for @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), but no study has explored the prognostic weight of insulin in this setting. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the differential role of insulin versus no insulin therapy on @entity1031 risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity955 . METHODS: We accessed individual @entity1 data from the prospective, real-world, multicenter, PREFER in @entity955 (European Prevention of @entity1031 -European Registry in @entity955 ). We compared the rates of @entity64 at 1 year according to @entity6 (no @entity6 , @entity6 without insulin therapy, @entity6 on insulin therapy). RESULTS: In an overall population of 5,717 @entity1 , 1,288 had @entity6 , 22.4% of whom were on insulin. For @entity1 with @entity6 who were on insulin, there was a significantly increased risk of @entity64 at 1 year versus either no @entity6 (5.2% vs. 1.9%; hazard ratio: 2.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.67 to 5.02; p  = 0.0002) or @entity6 without insulin treatment (5.2% vs. 1.8%; hazard ratio: 2.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.49 to 5.87; p  = 0.0019). Notably, rates of @entity64 / @entity887 were similar in @entity1 with @entity6 not receiving insulin versus @entity1 without @entity6 (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 1.61; p  = 0.90). The selective predictive role of insulin-requiring @entity6 was independent of potential confounders, including @entity6 duration, and was maintained in various subpopulations, including the subgroup receiving anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of anticoagulated @entity1 with @entity955 , the sole presence of @entity6 not requiring insulin did not imply an increased @entity1031 risk. Conversely, insulin-requiring @entity6 contributed most, if not exclusively, to the overall increase of @entity1031 risk in @entity955 .

title: Insulin-Requiring Versus Noninsulin-Requiring @entity1031 Risk in @entity1  With  XXXX : PREFER in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/systemic embolism', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes status']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical classification of the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) for the prediction of inflammatory and atherogenic lipid profile risk in older @entity1 . METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study with 277 elderly @entity1 from a local community in the Federal District, Brazil. PBF and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The investigated inflammatory parameters were interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the elderly @entity1 were classified as normal weight, 50% overweight, and 25% @entity28 by the BMI. The @entity28 group had higher levels of @entity1674 and very low-density lipoproteins than did the normal weight group (P <=0.05) and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than did the overweight group (P <=0.05). According to the PBF, 49% of the elderly @entity1 were classified as eutrophic, 28% overweight, and 23% @entity28 . In the binomial logistic regression analyses including age, @entity1386 , and lipid profile, only @entity1386 (odds ratio [OR]=0.809, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.739-0.886; P<0.0005) proved to be a predictor of reaching the eutrophic state by the BMI. When the cutoff points of PBF were used for the classification, @entity1386 (OR=0.903, CI=0.884-0.965; P=0.003) and the total @entity165 /HDL ratio (OR=0.113, CI=0.023-0.546; P=0.007) proved to be predictors of reaching the eutrophic state. CONCLUSION: Accurate identification of @entity28 , systemic @entity32 , and atherogenic lipid profile is key to assessing the risk of @entity66 . Classification based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures, along with biochemical and inflammatory parameters, seems to have a great clinical importance, since it allows the lipid profile eutrophic distinction in elderly overweight @entity1 .

title: Comparison of percentage body fat and body mass index for the prediction of inflammatory and atherogenic lipid risk profiles in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is concern that after-hours nurse telephone triage systems are overwhelming the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with nonemergent pediatric referrals. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to critically review a nonpediatric hospital-based call center with the aim of identifying the algorithms responsible for the majority of nonessential referrals. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study performed at a tertiary medical care facility over 1 year. Telephone triage forms of @entity1 and adolescents younger than 18 years, exclusively referred by triage nurses using the Barton Schmitt protocols, were reviewed, and their @entity341 course was evaluated by consulting the electronic medical record. "Essential" referrals to the @entity341 were classified as presentations warranting immediate evaluation or referrals requiring "essential interventions" such as serum laboratory tests, imaging, complex procedures, intravenous medications, subspecialty consultation, or admission. RESULTS: A total of 220 @entity1 were included in this study. Of these, 73 (33%) were classified as nonessential, whereas 147 (67%) were classified as essential. Nonessential @entity1 were significantly younger compared with essential referrals (P < 0.05). They also had lower triage scores (P = 0.026) and shorter @entity341 stays (P < 0.0001). The algorithms for "fever-3 months or older" (12.3%), " @entity391 without @entity294 " (8.2%), " @entity130 -head" (8.2%), " @entity10 " (6.8%), and "sore throat" (5.5%) were determined most likely to result in a nonessential referral. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies a third of unnecessary pediatric visits to the @entity341 as a result of the nurse triage telephone system in question. We recommend review of the algorithms stated to reduce strain on local @entity341 resources.

title: Evaluation of an After-Hours Call Center: Are Pediatric XXXX Appropriately Referred to the Emergency Department?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: There has been a shift of the etiologies of @entity409 in the 1990s. Therefore, we studied clinical characteristics of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in the 90s. METHODS: Medical records of 806 @entity1 diagnosed as having primary @entity157 were reviewed. Etiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated according to the time of diagnosis (the early period, 1992-1995; the late period, 1996-2000). RESULTS: The mean age was 55.7 years and male to female ratio was 4.6:1. The proportion of the symptomatic @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was decreased from 67.4% of the early period to 41.3% of the late period. On the other hand, that of the @entity1 detected by a periodic check-up was increased up to 58.7% in the late period from 32.6% in the early period (p<0.01). The majority of the @entity1 accompanied @entity82 (73.3%) and the main cause of @entity157 was @entity97 (78.6%) with no changes in the etiologic distribution according to the periods. The proportion of the candidates for surgical resection was significantly increased to 12.4% in the late period compared with 7.1% in the early period. CONCLUSIONS: Although the proportion of @entity157 which can be treated curatively has increased in the later half of the 1990s, its absolute number is still small. More meticulous periodic examination may be required in high risk @entity1 .

title: [Clinical features of XXXX in the 1990s].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Genes involved in lipid accumulation were identified in @entity375 using transposon insertion mutagenesis. Five ORFs, such as @entity28328 , @entity37038 , @entity58706 , @entity58707 , and @entity48269 were found from the analysis of the insertion sites in transposon insertion mutants with higher lipid content. Since these ORFs are not directly involved in storage lipid biosynthesis, we speculate that they are involved in @entity505 fluxes into storage lipids in response to nutrient conditions. Lipid analysis of disruptants of these ORFs indicated that the Deltasnf2, and Deltaira2 disruptants had significantly higher lipid content. Cultivation in a @entity1568 -limited medium increased the lipid content in all disruptants, among which the Deltapre9 disruptant was the most sensitive to @entity1568 limitation. We then focused on the Deltasnf2 disruptant due to its higher lipid content and its function as a regulator of phospholipid synthesis. Lipid class analysis indicated that @entity1674 and free @entity1718 contributed to the increase in total lipids of the Deltasnf2 disruptant. The addition of exogenous @entity1718 was not so effective at increasing the lipid content in the Deltasnf2 disruptant as it was in the wild type. It should be noticed that exogenous free @entity4722 was much higher in the Deltasnf2 disruptant than in the wild type, as in the case of endogenous free @entity1718 . In addition, the incorporation of exogenous @entity1718 into cells increased in the disruptant, suggesting that @entity844 transporters were regulated by @entity28328 . The results suggest that metabolic fluxes into storage lipids, which are activated in the Deltasnf2 disruptant, is repressed by the incorporation of exogenous @entity1718 . They provide new insight into the biosynthesis of storage lipids in @entity375 .

title: Identification of genes affecting lipid content using transposon mutagenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Two insoles designed to treat primary lesser @entity7529 were compared in terms of their effect on plantar pressures and the subjective symptom relief. A prospective single blind randomized trial of 8 weeks' treatment in 46 feet in 33 @entity1 was performed. Subjective outcome measures were visual analogue @entity158 scores and estimated compliance. Objective outcome measures were @entity551 using the Musgrave Footprint System. In group 1 (Viscoped), 6 of 18 @entity1 rated themselves much improved or somewhat improved, and in group 2 (Langer) the proportion was 12 of 15 (P = 0.02). Reported mean compliance was 16% higher in the Langer group. Plantar forefoot pressure was lowered by the insoles in all cases. The reduction was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in group 2, both in absolute pressure and as a percentage of initial pressure. Group 2 (Langer) was significantly better in terms of reduction of peak metatarsal pressure. All the subjective outcome measures were better for the group 2 (Langer).

title: Use of ready-made insoles in the treatment of lesser XXXX : a prospective randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

answer: @entity7529 :: (MESH:D037061,Disease) :: ['metatarsalgia']


abstract: The present studies were undertaken to examine the role of the cytoplasmic tail of the G protein-coupled receptor for @entity62225 and @entity62226 ( @entity62226 ) on receptor signaling and expression. The @entity164 ( @entity164 ) receptor (585 @entity1522 ) and five truncated receptors whose cytoplasmic tails terminated at residues 507, 494, 474, 466, and 458 were expressed in COS-7 cells. Based on [125I] @entity62226 binding, mutants T507, T494, and T466 displayed progressively decreased levels of expression, compared with @entity164 . The tailless mutant T458 was not expressed in a functional form, whereas T474 was expressed at a level similar to @entity164 . Comparable results were obtained when expression levels of @entity164 and mutated @entity62225 / @entity62226 receptors were evaluated by Western blotting. Binding affinities were similar for all mutated receptors (IC50 = 1-2 nM). Immunocytochemistry showed that @entity164 and mutated receptors were diffusely distributed, presumably at the cell surface, except for the tailless mutant T458, which displayed striking perinuclear localization. T458 did not display an adenylyl cyclase response to @entity62225 , while the other mutants were similar to @entity164 both with respect to their maximal adenylyl cyclase responses to @entity62225 and to their EC50 values. Cai2+ signaling properties of these mutants were assessed as @entity62225 -stimulated 45Ca efflux from @entity1238 oocytes that had been injected with in vitro transcribed @entity62225 / @entity62226 receptor cRNAs. The @entity164 and mutated receptors (except for T458) responded to @entity62225 with significant (6- to 27-fold) increases in 45Ca efflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of the G protein-coupled receptor for @entity62225 ( XXXX ) and @entity62226 : effects on receptor expression and signaling.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity62225 :: (100462909,Gene) :: ['PTH']


abstract: During the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in the mechanisms by which lead @entity4968 disrupts brain function. In part, this is related to clinical observations that imply an absence of threshold for @entity137 in the immature brain. Many of the @entity2359 effects of lead appear related to the ability of lead to mimic or in some cases inhibit the action of @entity460 as a regulator of cell function. At a neuronal level, exposure to lead alters the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic nerve endings. Spontaneous release is enhanced and evoked release is inhibited. The former may be due to activation of protein kinases in the nerve endings and the latter to blockade of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. This disruption of neuronal activity may, in turn, alter the developmental processes of synapse formation and result in a less efficient brain with @entity73 . Brain homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted by exposure to higher levels of lead. The final pathway appears to be a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier. Again, the ability of lead to mimic or mobilize @entity460 and activate protein kinases may alter the behavior of endothelial cells in immature brain and disrupt the barrier. In addition to a direct toxic effect upon the endothelial cells, lead may alter indirectly the microvasculature by damaging the astrocytes that provide signals for the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity.

title: Mechanisms of lead XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: @entity1 aged 4-23 months with persistent @entity294 received a low @entity1132 diet, multivitamins, minerals and antibiotics for @entity281 . Sixty-one (57 per cent) @entity1 improved with low @entity1132 diet while 46 (43 per cent) failed. @entity1 who failed were younger (8.9 +/- 3.5 vs. 11.3 +/- 4.4 months), had higher initial purging rate (146 +/- 102 vs. 109 +/- 102 g/kg/day) and consumed more ORS (138 +/- 77 vs. 95 +/- 79 g/kg/day). A higher proportion of @entity1 in the failure group needed unscheduled intravenous fluid (48 vs. 20 per cent) and lost body weight (24 vs. 0 per cent). Single and multiple stool pathogen were isolated from 44 and 45 per cent cases, respectively. Diarrhoeagenic @entity526 (66 per cent) was the most common pathogen isolated. Half of all pathogens including Campylobacter, rotavirus, cholera and @entity1682 were nosocomially acquired. Sixty four per cent of @entity1 had extraintestinal @entity281 including @entity1729 (50 per cent), @entity293 (29 per cent) and @entity295 (11 per cent). The presence of extraintestinal @entity281 were significantly associated with failure. Overall, 91 per cent of @entity1 had either @entity281 .

title: Persistent @entity294 : associated @entity281 and response to a low XXXX diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal and/or extraintestinal infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['non-typhoidal Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['lactose']


abstract: A multiinstitutional randomized trial was undertaken comparing OKT3 with @entity230 for treatment of hepatic allograft rejection. All @entity1 received baseline immunosuppression with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity230 . At the time of biopsy-confirmed rejection, up to 2 intravenous boluses (250-1000 mg) of @entity1667 were initially administered. Twenty-eight @entity1 who failed to respond were then randomly assigned to OKT3 or continued @entity134 therapy. Rescue therapy with the opposite treatment arm was added after 6 days if the primarily allocated protocol failed. Three of 13 @entity1 assigned to the @entity134 group responded promptly, and continue with good function 7-12 months later. OKT3 rescue was required in 10 @entity1 who failed to improve despite receiving up to 6 g of @entity1667 (mean: 3.3 g/ @entity1 ). One @entity1 died of @entity295 and @entity1578 . Rejection was reversed in 9 OKT3-rescue @entity1 , 7 of whom are well 1-17 months later. In the OKT3 group, improved allograft function was observed within 72 hr in 11 of 15 @entity1 . Two @entity1 with inadequate response were successfully rescued with @entity230 ; 1 @entity1 underwent retransplantation; and 1 @entity1 developed a @entity3116 that eventually resulted in @entity295 and @entity204 . In summary, 23 of 28 hepatic recipients (82%) are alive with the original allograft 1-17 (mean 7.8) months after treatment for acute rejection. Another @entity1 is alive 14 months following retransplantation. Eighteen (78%) of the survivors required OKT3 as initial (11) or rescue (7) therapy, whereas only 5 were successfully managed with @entity230 . OKT3 is superior to @entity230 for reversing liver allograft rejection and has greatly reduced the need for retransplantation even in recipients selected on the basis of having failed initial @entity134 therapy.

title: A randomized clinical trial comparing OKT3 and XXXX for treatment of hepatic allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) failure is the most common cause of morbidity and hospitalization in hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smoking and blood eosinophil count on the development of @entity2548 @entity715 in HD @entity1 . This cross-sectional study included 141 @entity1 (M/F 80/61; age 43.4 +/- 11.6 years, HD duration 7.7 +/- 4.4 years). The following were analyzed as possible risk factors for @entity2548 failure for all @entity1 : demographic features, dialysis time, smoking, medications, body mass index, @entity66 , and various laboratory parameters (whole blood count and serum levels of albumin, @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity414 , @entity1851 , ferritin, and parathyroid hormone). @entity2548 @entity715 was detected in 60 @entity1 ; in contrast, 81 @entity1 had no @entity715 . Distributions of age, gender, and HD duration were similar between both groups. Univariate analysis showed that snuffbox @entity2548 location (P < .0001), higher blood eosinophil count (P < .0001), smoking (P < .01), and higher hematocrit level (P < .05) were all associated with @entity2548 @entity715 . According to multivariate analysis by logistic regression models, eosinophil count (RR = 1.005, P < .05) and snuffbox location (RR = 5.970, P < .05) were predictors of @entity2548 @entity715 . When @entity2548 location was excluded from the analysis, smoking (RR = 4.140, P < .01) and high blood eosinophil count (RR = 1.006, P < .005) were independent risk factors for @entity715 . Our study indicates that smoking and high blood eosinophil count may contribute to the development of @entity2548 @entity715 .

title: Effects of smoking and blood eosinophil count on the development of arteriovenous fistulae XXXX in hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'Arteriovenous fistulae']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 stress hemodynamics (DSH) has the potential to stratify operative risk in low-gradient @entity472 ( @entity472 ), but little is known about the relation between left ventricle contractile reserve and postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We sought to assess the value of DSH to predict postoperative improvement in LVEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-six consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic severe @entity472 (aortic valve area < or =1 cm2), LVEF < or =40%, and mean pressure gradient < or =40 mm Hg prospectively enrolled in the French multicenter study on low-gradient @entity472 and who survived to aortic valvular replacement (AVR) were included. Preoperative contractile reserve was present in 46 @entity1 (group I; 70%) and absent in 20 @entity1 (group II; 30%). In the overall sample, 58% of @entity1 improved by 2 New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes after AVR. Mean LVEF improved from 29+/-6% to 47+/-11% (P<0.0001). LVEF improved by > or =10 EF units in 38 @entity1 (83%) in group I and in 13 @entity1 (65%) in group II. Mean LVEF improvement was similar in the 2 groups (19+/-10% versus 17+/-11%; P=0.54). On multivariable analysis, multivessel @entity453 (P=0.05) and baseline mean transaortic pressure gradient (P=0.01) were related to LVEF improvement, whereas contractile reserve was not. CONCLUSIONS: LVEF increases in the majority of @entity1 with low-gradient @entity472 who survive after AVR. Although the absence of contractile reserve on DSH is related to high operative mortality, it does not predict the absence of LVEF recovery in @entity1 surviving to AVR. These data further support the concept that surgery should not be contraindicated on the basis of absence of contractile reserve alone.

title: Influence of preoperative left ventricular contractile reserve on postoperative ejection fraction in low-gradient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6331 remains a major public health problem in developing countries with its very high prevalence. @entity6331 are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among Nepalese schoolchildren. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of @entity6331 among schoolchildren of the Kathmandu valley in Nepal. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 9420 students, of whom 4466 were male and 4954 were female, with ages ranging from 5 to 18 years. A clinical survey was conducted by the examining team in selected schools, and involved answering standard questionnaires. A total of 83 @entity1 were suspected of having @entity299 . Out of these 83 @entity1 , 23 were confirmed to have @entity299 ; 11 had @entity6331 , and 12 @entity299 , giving a prevalence of 1.2/1000 and 1.3/1000, respectively. The commonest @entity299 were @entity339 in the @entity6331 group, and @entity118 in the @entity299 group. A higher prevalence of @entity299 was detected in females. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity6331 and @entity299 among schoolchildren of Kathmandu is 1.2/1000 and 1.3/1000, respectively, with @entity339 and @entity118 being the commonest lesions.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in schoolchildren of Kathmandu valley in Nepal.

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic heart disease', 'rheumatic heart disease', 'Rheumatic and congenital heart disease', 'rheumatic and congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions', 'congenital heart disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic and congenital heart disease']


abstract: This study examined the corneal permeability of topical eye drop solutions added with various corneal penetrating accelerators and @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-four @entity95 were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the random digits table: @entity7241 group, in which the @entity95 received 23.45% @entity7241 ; @entity4023 group, in which 23.45% @entity7241 plus 0.2% @entity4023 was administered; @entity14787 group, in which 23.45% @entity7241 with 0.2% @entity14787 was given. Fifty microliters of the eye drops was instilled into the conjunctive sac every 5 min, for a total of 6 applications in each group. Contrast medium signals in the @entity267 , anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and vitreous body were scanned successively by MRI. The morphology and cell density of the corneal endothelium were examined before and 24 h after the treatment. The results showed that the residence time of @entity7241 in the conjunctival sac in the @entity4023 and @entity14787 groups was longer than that in the @entity7241 group. The signals in the anterior chamber of the @entity7241 and @entity4023 groups were increased slightly, and those in the @entity14787 group strengthened sharply. The signal intensity continuously rose over 80 min before reaching plateau. The strengthening rate of signals in the anterior chamber was 19.63% in the @entity7241 group, 53.42% in the @entity4023 group, and 226.94% in the @entity14787 group. No signal was detected in the posterior chamber or vitreous body in all the 3 groups. Corneal morphology and cell density did not show any significant changes after the treatment in all the 3 groups. It was concluded that @entity14787 can significantly improve the corneal permeability of drugs that are similar to @entity7241 in molecular weight and molecular size, and MRI is a noninvasive technique that can dynamically detect eye drop metabolism in real time.

title: Corneal permeability assay of topical eye drop solutions in XXXX by MRI.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate', 'hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the impact of presenting problem based guidelines in managing @entity1 with either @entity294 (with or without @entity391 ) or @entity410 (with or without @entity221 ). METHODS: This prospective observational study with an intervention was based on a paediatric accident and emergency (A_E) department in Nottingham. All @entity1 (either GP or self referred) were acute attenders aged 0-15 years, with a medical presenting problem during 4 months in the spring of 1997 and 1999. Five hundred and thirty-one @entity294 attendances (292 before guideline implementation and 239 after) and 411 @entity410 attendances (212 before guideline implementation and 199 after) were recorded. Evidence based and consensus ratified guidelines developed for the study were implemented using care pathway documentation. Process (documentation, time in the department, investigations, treatment) and outcome (admission to hospital, returns to A_E) data were collected from case notes. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 investigated with blood tests fell significantly (haematology requests in @entity294 presentations from 11% to 4%, biochemistry in @entity410 presentations from 29% to 17%). Intravenous infusions in @entity294 presenters fell (9% to 1%), and more appropriate oral fluids were used. Management time in A_E was reduced ( @entity294 presenters: median of 55-40 minutes, @entity410 presenters: 80-55 minutes, but remained static for other presenting problems). Marked improvements in documentation were seen. Admission rates for @entity294 attenders increased (27% to 34%) but remained the same for @entity410 (69% v 73%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a presenting problem based guideline as a care pathway was associated with improvements in the quality of care by: improved documentation; reduced invasive investigations; more appropriate treatment, and reduced time spent in A_E.

title: The impact of presenting problem based guidelines for XXXX with medical problems in an accident and emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The FRAX tool allows calculate the 10 year probability of @entity174 risk in @entity1 and @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the 10 years @entity174 risk calculated with the FRAX tool using or not bone densitometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, open a comparative study was done with 40-80-year-old @entity1 , who were evaluated with bone densitometry. To calculate the @entity174 risk the FRAX tool was used with and without bone densitometry in each @entity1 . Both results were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.2    8.7 years. The median of the FRAX calculated risks without using bone densitometry was for major @entity174 2.4 (1-12) and hip 0.3 (0-5.2). The calculated risks using bone densitometry was for major @entity174 2.3 (1.2-11) and for hip 0.2 (0-3.6), without statistically significant differences among them. The calculated T score with FRAX was -1.0 (-2.7    1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the FRAX tool using or not bone densitometry were similar. These findings will allow using this instrument in a greater number of @entity1 .

title: [Comparison XXXX risk calculated by FRAX tool].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The isozyme patterns of @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) and @entity26804 ( @entity26804 ) were investigated in biopsy material from @entity1 heart and skeletal muscle. The protein separation was performed on crude muscle homogenates by means of flat-bed isoelectric focusing. Two isozymes were demonstrated for each enzyme, irrespective of the sampling site. The pI values were, on the average, 9.8 ( @entity9400 ) and 8.9 ( @entity11006 ), 7.2 (CPK-1) and 6.9 (CPK-2), respectively. @entity9400 constituted an average of 81% and 70% of total staining density for each enzyme, respectively. The relative contribution of @entity9400 differed, however. Heart muscle showed the highest values (mean 91%) and vastus lateralis the lowest (mean 74%). The mean value for soleus was 86% @entity9400 . Furthermore, the percentage of @entity9400 present was negatively correlated with the percentage of fast twitch fibres in m. vastus lateralis (r = -0.67). No corresponding differences could be demonstrated for CPK isozyme distribution. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that @entity26804 and CPK each occurred as two isozymes in @entity1 heart and skeletal muscle, and that the relative distribution of @entity26804 isozymes, in contrast to CPK, was related to muscle fibre type composition, and thus to the metabolic profile of the muscle.

title: Isozymes of XXXX phosphokinase and @entity26804 in @entity1 heart and skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Resistance to the antiemetic @entity3974 is still a major problem resulting in discomfort and poor compliance with chemotherapy in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 . Based on our hypothesis that this clinical resistance to @entity3974 is associated with @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms, we investigated whether @entity1262 gene variations affect the efficacy of @entity3974 in chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 . METHODS: @entity3052 @entity1 (n = 215) treated for 3 days with high-dose @entity2592 were enrolled in this study. Thirty minutes before the beginning of chemotherapy, 8 mg @entity3974 was administered intravenously, followed by 24 mg by continuous infusion and 8 mg intravenously, once per day, until 2 days after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 occurrence in the acute and delayed phases was calculated. @entity1262 and @entity5320 polymorphisms were analyzed by allele-specific matrix-assisted laser desorption. Basic clinical characteristics of the @entity3052 @entity1 were collected from medical records. FINDINGS: No differences in genotype distribution frequencies of @entity1262 polymorphisms and haplotypes were observed in @entity1 with different @entity5320 -predicted phenotypes. During the acute phase, @entity1 with the CG haplotype ( @entity7658 and @entity7657 ) were associated with a high risk of grade 3/4 @entity390 and @entity391 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.026, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, @entity167 drinking status, body surface area, body mass index, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status, multivariate survival analysis implicated the CG haplotype as a predictive marker of the risk of grade 3/4 chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 in @entity3052 @entity1 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.039, respectively). In addition, a significant association between the 3435CC genotype and grade 3/4 @entity391 in @entity3052 @entity1 was observed (P = 0.016). However, no association between these @entity1262 gene polymorphisms and @entity3974 efficacy was found in the delayed phase. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1262 gene polymorphisms are associated with antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 in the acute phase after high-dose @entity2592 chemotherapy in @entity3052 @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity1262 polymorphisms with the efficacy of @entity3974 in chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy, tolerance and safety in primary care of the cryotherapy technique using @entity3810 . Design. Descriptive, observational and transversal study. SETTING: Mari  amansa-A Cu  a Health Centre, Ourense. @entity1 : All the @entity1 who consulted for cutaneous lesions caused by cryotherapy between March and April 2000 (n=130). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Age, sex, diagnosis, location, size of lesion, duration of application of the cryogenic agent, previous treatment, side-effects observed, and evolution of the lesion. RESULTS: Mean age was 36.65 (95% CI, 32.57-40.74), of whom 53.8% (95% CI, 44.80-62.50) were @entity1 . The most common lesions were common warts (68.5%), actinic @entity9284 (12.3%) and @entity4891 (7.7%). We found that most lesions were located on an upper limb (50.8%). The mean size of lesions was 8.65 mm2 (95% CI, 4.50-12.80). 69.7% of warts were scraped prior to cryotherapy; and 16.2% received prior keratolysis. We found no side-effects in 32.3% of the @entity1 ; the commonest side-effect detected was blisters. Mean number of cryotherapy sessions was 2.82 (95% CI, 2.39-3.29). The technique was tolerated well in 83.8% of cases. We found total cure in 87.7%. Most of the cutaneous lesions that failed were common warts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3810 is effective in most lesions caused by cryotherapy. The technique is tolerated well, can be handled easily and can be used in primary care.

title: [Cryotherapy with XXXX in primary care].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['plantar warts']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['Keratosis']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recurrent @entity490 is one of the most frequent @entity158 in childhood and is accompanied by notable functional impairment and unfavourable long-term outcome. Psychotherapeutic approaches are promising, but not widely used in Germany. The concept of a multimodal short-term intervention and its acceptance are described and preliminary results are reported. METHOD: A total of 21 @entity1 aged 6-12 years and their parents participated in a hypnotherapeutic-behavioural short intervention program. Preliminary results on efficacy up to 3 months are reported. RESULTS: Participating @entity1 showed a decrease in @entity158 frequency and daily impairment. Health-related quality of life also increased and associated mental problems could be reduced. Content and conditions of the intervention were rated as helpful by @entity1 and parents. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results indicate that even short psychotherapeutic interventions might help affected @entity1 effectively and lower the burden felt by parents. Further investigations using a randomized controlled trial design and focussing on @entity1 suffering more severely should follow to allow major conclusions.

title: [Therapy of functional XXXX in childhood. Concept, acceptance and preliminary results of a short hypnotherapeutic-behavioural intervention].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: VANISH-2 Investigator Group: K Gibson, Bellevue, WA, USA; M Goldman, San Diego, CA, USA; P Hertzman, Los Alamos, NM, USA; S Hirsch, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; R Hye, San Diego, CA, USA; M Isaacs, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; M Plaza-Ponte, Monroeville, PA, USA; S Rathbun, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; J Rhodes, Rochester, NY, USA; G Rosenberg, Frederick, @entity601 , USA; M Schul, Lafayette, IN, USA; M Stanbro, Greenville, SC, USA; and R Weiss, Hunt Valley, @entity601 , USA To determine efficacy and safety of @entity5324 endovenous microfoam in treatment of symptoms and appearance in @entity1 with saphenofemoral junction incompetence due to reflux of the great saphenous vein or major accessory veins. METHOD: @entity1 were randomized equally to receive @entity5324 endovenous microfoam 0.5%, @entity5324 endovenous microfoam 1.0% or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was @entity1 -reported improvement in symptoms, as measured by the change from baseline to Week 8 in the 7-day average electronic daily diary VVSymQ    score. The co-secondary endpoints were the improvement in appearance of visible varicosities from baseline to Week 8, as measured by @entity1 and by an independent physician review panel. RESULTS: In 232 treated @entity1 , @entity5324 endovenous microfoam 0.5% and @entity5324 endovenous microfoam 1.0% were superior to placebo, with a larger improvement in symptoms (VVSymQ (-6.01 and-5.06, respectively, versus -2.00; P   <   0.0001) and greater improvements in physician and @entity1 assessments of appearance (P   <   0.0001). These findings were supported by the results of duplex ultrasound and other clinical measures. Of the 230 @entity5324 endovenous microfoam-treated @entity1 (including open-label @entity1 ), 60% had an adverse event compared with 39% of placebo; 95% were mild or moderate. No @entity1151 were detected and no clinically important neurologic or visual adverse events were reported. The most common adverse events in @entity1 treated with @entity5324 endovenous microfoam were retained coagulum, leg @entity158 and superficial @entity2268 ; most were related to treatment and resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSION: @entity5324 endovenous microfoam provided clinically meaningful benefit in treating symptoms and appearance in @entity1 with varicose veins. @entity5324 endovenous microfoam was an effective and comprehensive minimally invasive treatment for @entity1 with a broad spectrum of @entity66 (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology clinical class C2 to C6) and great saphenous vein diameters ranging from 3.1 to 19.4   mm. Treatment with @entity5324 endovenous microfoam was associated with mild or moderate manageable side effects. VVSymQ is an important new, validated instrument for symptom assessment in @entity1 with varicose veins.

title: The VANISH-2 study: a randomized, blinded, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XXXX endovenous microfoam 0.5% and 1.0% compared with placebo for the treatment of saphenofemoral junction incompetence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vein disease']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol', 'Polidocanol']

answer: @entity5324 :: (MESH:C008976,Chemical) :: ['polidocanol']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity6 and @entity101 are common among @entity1 with airflow limitation and contribute to cardiovascular (CV) mortality, one of the leading causes of @entity204 among @entity1 with airflow limitation. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine the association of severity of airflow limitation with adherence to medications for @entity101 and @entity6 . METHODS: We identified 7,359 veterans with @entity101 and/or @entity6 in the Veterans Integrated Service Network-20. Entry date into the cohort was defined as the date of a @entity1 's first pulmonary function testing (PFT). Diagnostic codes (ICD-9), PFT, and pharmacy data were available via the electronic medical record or via direct interrogation of PFT equipment. Our primary exposure was airflow limitation defined as FEV1   >=    80% predicted (normal), 80   >   FEV1   >=    50% predicted (mild/moderate), 50   >   FEV1   >=    30% predicted (severe), and FEV1   <   30% predicted (very severe). We assessed adherence using a validated method based on electronic pharmacy refill data and defined adherence as >= 80% medication possession for the period 6-12 months after enrollment. Medications of interest included b-blockers, @entity460 channel blockers, @entity7206 , and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors for @entity1 with @entity101 , and @entity2449 and @entity5736 for @entity1 with @entity6 . We used logistic regression models to assess the association between severity of airflow limitation and adherence, adjusted for demographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Overall adherence was poor (44.6-55.1%). Among @entity1 with @entity101 , when compared with subjects with normal FEV1, subjects with each category lower of FEV1 were less adherent to b-blockers, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.95); @entity460 channel blockers, with an OR of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93); and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors with an OR of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.99). Airflow limitation was not associated with adherence to @entity7206 . Among @entity1 with @entity6 , we found no significant association of FEV1 with adherence, although a similar lower trend with increasing airflow limitation. In a sensitivity analysis limited to @entity1 with @entity1030 , we found a nonstatistically significant trend for decreased adherence to b-blockers, @entity460 channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in subjects with higher GOLD (Global Initiative for @entity1030 ) stage. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of airflow limitation is associated with decreased adherence to b-blockers, @entity460 channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. The decreased adherence to these medications may be related to adverse effects on symptoms in @entity1 with @entity358 , and may partially explain excess CV mortality in these @entity1 .

title: Adherence to Oral Medications for XXXX and @entity6 in Veterans with Comorbid Airflow Limitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the visual outcome and factors influencing visual outcome of manual small incision @entity231 surgery (MSICS) in the rural area in the Xianfeng County. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 82 @entity1 who underwent @entity231 surgery performed by using MSICS technique were identified. Data collected included each @entity1 's age, gender, the level of education. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) at presentation and at 1, 6, 8wk postoperatively, pre-existing @entity2194 , operative findings and complications, the risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: In 82 @entity1 , the average age was 69.6  0.6y, illiterate were 52 (63.4%). Of 82 eyes, @entity6781 was present in 77 eyes (93.9%). At 1wk postoperatively, 47 eyes (57.3%) had the UDVA of >= 6/18, and 52 eyes (63.4%) had the CDVA of >= 6/18. At 6 to 8wk postoperatively, 50 eyes (61.0%) had UDVA of >= 6/18, and 57 eyes (69.5%) had the CDVA of >= 6/18. Postoperative visual status was significantly related to the co-morbidities, such as corneal pathology, @entity726 (P<0.001). Operative complications, such as posterior capsule opacity and @entity1103 were main operative cause for the poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION: MSICS provides a good visual recovery in our study but the vision outcome did not fulfill the standards proposed by WHO, which highlights the need for an improvement in local socioeconomic understanding, population education and surgery quality.

title: Assessment of visual outcomes of XXXX surgery in Tujia nationality in Xianfeng County, China.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the process of @entity5 invasion, @entity5 cells secrete enzymes including @entity10464 that degrade extracellular matrices and basement membranes of blood vessels. In the present study, the clinical importance of enhanced expression of @entity10464 messenger RNA (mRNA) in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) was evaluated. METHODS: Fresh @entity5 and noncancerous liver tissue adjacent to a @entity5 were obtained from 50 @entity1 with @entity157 immediately after hepatic resection. The expression levels of @entity10464 mRNA were analyzed quantitatively, using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and were compared with clinicopathological findings. RESULTS: Relative @entity10464 mRNA expression level in @entity157 was significantly lower than that of noncancerous liver tissue (P < 0.001). @entity5 @entity10464 expression did not correlate with @entity5 differentiation, @entity5 stage, or @entity1 prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced @entity10464 mRNA expression may not be a good biological marker in @entity157 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:148-154.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity10464 messenger RNA expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We report a @entity1 manifesting severe @entity3316 resulting from diaphragmatic paresis secondary to sarcoid. A 34yr-old female presented with @entity662 . Chest radiograph revealed @entity3018 and @entity1143 ; computed tomography scan showed a 2-cm solid lesion in the aorto-pulmonary window. Bronchoscopy and thoracentesis failed to further identify the nature of the lesion. An episode of @entity1173 resulted in @entity1167 , necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Electrodiagnostic findings were consistent with bilateral @entity16 with @entity393 , suggesting a poor prognosis. Biopsy via mediastinoscopy revealed noncaseating confluent @entity738 with many multinucleated epithelioid histiocytes consistent with the diagnosis of @entity370 . Eight months after initial diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment, the @entity1 was successfully extubated and became ambulatory. Upon tapering her @entity229 , however, she became dyspneic and @entity3316 secondary to @entity425 . Her @entity288 were increased, but she eventually died of an opportunistic lung infection 2 yr later. This case establishes @entity16 and peripheral @entity305 secondary to @entity7993 as a cause of @entity1576 . It also illustrates the utility of phrenic and diaphragmatic electrodiagnosis in the evaluation as well as prognostication of such lesions.

title: XXXX and @entity3316 secondary to @entity7993 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['left pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['manifested hypoventilation', 'hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axon loss']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory failure']


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptor @entity669 kinases, @entity6758 and @entity319 , are important therapeutic targets for various @entity5 including @entity3052 . @entity982 -embedded bone marrow samples (PE-BM) are, in most cases, the only tissue accessible to perform retrospective analyses of novel targets such as @entity7 and/or its receptors. As a result, it limits our options to immunohistochemistry (IHS), or more expensive and less practical techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We analyzed the feasibility of IHS to measure @entity6758 and @entity319 expression in 28 @entity3052 samples using monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) and @entity319 / @entity319 ( @entity319 ). Medical records were reviewed for relevant clinical information. Expression of @entity6758 (+) and @entity319 (+) were seen in 25% (7/28) and 43% (12/28) respectively. Forty-six percent (13/28) were dual-negatives for @entity6758 and @entity319 ; 14% (4/28) were dual-positives for @entity6758 and @entity319 . An inferior survival was observed in @entity1 whose myeloblasts express either @entity6758 (+) or @entity319 (+), or both. Determination of expression of @entity7 receptors (1 and 2) by IHS in PE-BM tissue is feasible. Prospective comparison of IHC to flow cytometry or other molecular techniques, and assessment of the prognostic significance of @entity7 receptors in @entity3052 @entity1 is warranted.

title: Expression of the @entity7 receptors 1 and 2 in XXXX : incidence and feasibility of immunohistochemical staining.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: In this long-term (52-week) open-label extension to an earlier randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial, 381 @entity1 with primary @entity1007 received @entity5470 at increasing doses of 10 to 40 mg/day to achieve plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 normalization, according to the European @entity731 Society guidelines. The aim of the extension study was to assess the long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of @entity5470 . After 52 weeks of therapy, 75% of @entity1 were receiving @entity5470 at 40 mg/day (mean dose: 36 +/- 8 mg/day). The mean percent change in LDL- @entity165 levels from baseline was -24.8% (p < 0.001), and 82.6% of @entity1 achieved an LDL- @entity165 reduction of > or = 15%. In @entity1 in the lowest baseline quintile, high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased by 8.8% whereas, in the highest baseline quintile, @entity1674 were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by 15.3%. Plasma lipoparticle (a) [Lp(a)]:B levels were also significantly reduced (-38.6%; p < 0.001). @entity5470 was considered to be well tolerated by the majority of @entity1 by both @entity1 and investigators. The most frequently reported adverse event was @entity490 . Notable biochemical abnormalities were rare. In conclusion, the results of this extension study indicate that @entity5470 at dosages of 20-40 mg/day is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with primary @entity1007 and is accompanied by no particular problems of safety.

title: Long-term treatment of @entity1007 with XXXX : a 52-week multicenter safety and efficacy study. French-Dutch @entity5470 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin', 'Fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5470 :: (MESH:C065180,Chemical) :: ['fluvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of preoperative sestamibi scanning and intraoperative @entity461 (IOPTH) measurement in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity459 due to @entity66 ( @entity66 ). DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity1 : The study population comprised 383 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity459 at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, between June 1, 1999, and January 31, 2002. INTERVENTIONS: Sestamibi scanning, IOPTH measurement, bilateral parathyroid exploration, and minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of postoperative persistent @entity2742 . RESULTS: A total of 376 @entity1 met the requirements for inclusion in the study. There were 275 @entity1 (73%) and 101 @entity1 (27%). Of the @entity1 , 325 (86%) had single @entity652 , 28 (7%) had double @entity652 , 16 (4%) had 3 or more abnormal glands, and 1 had @entity3243 . There were 9 cases (2%) of persistent or recurrent @entity2741 after surgery. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 37 (median, 7) months. The sensitivity of sestamibi scanning for detecting @entity66 was 23%, and the positive predictive value was 63%. Using the requirement that the IOPTH level fall by 50% from the first baseline and into the normal range, @entity66 was distinguished from solitary adenoma in 36 (88%) of 41 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of preoperative sestamibi scanning and IOPTH measurement is effective in identifying cases of @entity66 and allows successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in most @entity1 .

title: Sestamibi scans and intraoperative @entity461 measurement in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'multiple gland disease']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because the locoregional control for @entity213 is still disappointing, research efforts focus on the exploration of new molecular markers located in both @entity5 and microenvironment, which could help stratify @entity1 . The aim of the present work was therefore first to assess microsatellite alterations and @entity519 in @entity213 as possible molecular markers. Second, a relation between both was investigated, as @entity519 is known to select for genetic alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity213 treated by surgery+/-radiotherapy were included. @entity17798 and LOH were investigated with microsatellite markers using automatic fragment analysis. The presence of @entity519 was assessed by immunohistochemistry for @entity12184 , @entity2030 and @entity1365 . The mutual relationship between @entity17798 /LOH and @entity519 was evaluated. RESULTS: No @entity17798 was detected in this @entity1 group. LOH occurred mostly on chromosomal arms 3p, 5q, 9p, 17p and 17q. @entity1 with LOH at D17S799, located in the near environment of @entity876 , showed a higher @entity2030 expression (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LOH is a possible molecular marker in @entity213 . The positive correlation between LOH at D17S799 and @entity2030 is in full concordance with previous publications linking @entity519 to selective pressure on the @entity876 gene.

title: Microsatellite alterations in head and @entity213 and relation to expression of @entity12184 , @entity2030 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity12184 :: ('MESH:C033815', 'Chemical') :: ['pimonidazole']

answer: @entity1365 :: (6513,Gene) :: ['GLUT-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Mosquito gut is a rich source of microorganisms. These microorganisms exhibit close association and contribute various physiological processes taking place in mosquito gut. The present study is aimed to characterize two bacterial isolates M19 and GB11 recovered from the gut of @entity2957 mosquito collected from Bhuj and Jamnagar districts of Gujarat, India. METHODS: Both the strains were characterized using polyphasic approach including, phenotypic characterization, whole cell protein profiling and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and groESL region. RESULTS: Sequences of 16S rRNA gene of M19 and GB11 were 99% similar to Vagococcus carniphilus and Vagococcus fluvialis. But phenotypic profile, whole cell protein profile and sequence of groESL region of both isolates were found to be similar to @entity26198 . CONCLUSION: Based on phenotypic, genotypic and protein profiling, both the strains were identified as @entity26198 . So far this species was known from domestic animals and @entity1 sources only. This is the first report of @entity26198 inhabiting midgut of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito collected from Arabian sea coastal of India.

title: Isolation and characterization of Vagococcus sp from midgut of XXXX (Say) mosquito.

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']