abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) as a tool for rapid aneuploidy screening (RAS) of high risk pregnancies, before its approval in the national antenatal screening and genetic diagnosis program in Egypt. METHODS: The cytogenetic data of prenatal specimens, and results of FISH of 100 @entity1 performed between, January 2009 and December 2009, at the Medical Genetics Center (MGC) laboratory were retrieved and reviewed. AneuVysion Assay kit was used for detection of 13, 21, X, Y, 18 @entity2007 . RESULTS: Maternal age varied from 21 to 44  years (mean was 35.6  year). Ninety percent of pregnancies had normal chromosomes and 10% of the cases had @entity2008 . Trisomy 21 was the most frequent @entity2526 across all indications (5%), followed by @entity2689 (2%), trisomy 18 (2%), and trisomy 13 (1%). When comparing the FISH data with karyotype results for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in the 83 individual tested, no false positive or negative results were detected by the FISH assay. The result obtained by FISH and the banding cytogenetic were in complete accordance. CONCLUSION: This study supports the integration of amniotic fluid (AF) FISH as a RAS test, in to routine antenatal practice for identification of chromosome @entity2007 . There are trends towards delayed childbearing and most cases of Down Syndrome (DS) are currently detected post-nataly in the Egyptian population. Consequently, the live birth prevalence of DS has increased, which might lead to a serious negative public health effects.

title: The importance of rapid aneuploidy screening and prenatal diagnosis in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal disorder']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['numerical chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['numerical chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anteromedial "migration" of the first segment of the facial nerve canal has been previously identified in a @entity1 with a non-Mondini-type @entity600 . In this study, several @entity1 with the same @entity2103 were reviewed to assess for the association and type of @entity600 . METHODS: CT scans of the temporal bone of 15 @entity1 with anteromedial migration of the first segment of the facial nerve canal were collected from routine departmental examinations. In seven @entity1 , the anomalous course was bilateral, for a total of 22 cases. The migration was graded relative to normal as either mild/moderate or pronounced. The cochlea in each of these cases was examined for the presence and size of the basilar, second, and apical turns. The turns were either absent, small, normal, or enlarged. The CT scans of five @entity1 with eight Mondini malformations were examined for comparison. RESULTS: The degree of the facial nerve migration was pronounced in nine cases and mild/moderate in 13. All 22 of these cases had associated cochlear abnormalities of the non-Mondini variety. These included common @entity154 with lack of definition between the cochlea and vestibule (five cases), cochleae with enlarged basilar turns and absent second or third turns (five cases), and cochleae with small or normal basilar turns with small or absent second or third turns (12 cases). None of the @entity1 with Mondini-type @entity600 had anteromedial migration of the facial nerve canal. CONCLUSION: Anteromedial migration of the facial nerve canal occurs in association with some @entity600 . It did not occur in association with the Mondini malformations. A cochlea with a Mondini @entity600 , being similar in size to a normal cochlea, may physically prohibit such a deviation in course.

title: Anomalous facial nerve canal with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cavity anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve canal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear malformations', 'cochlear malformation', 'malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['cochlear malformations']


abstract: AIM: Terra dei Fuochi (TdF), the so-called 'Land of Fires' in Southern Italy, is an agricultural territory characterized by illegal dumping of toxic waste known to occur since the 1980s. It is unknown whether prognosis of @entity1 developing @entity5 and living in that area may differ compared to those living in areas not exposed to this specific type of pollution. We retrospectively analyzed the 5-year survival rates of @entity1 originating from the TdF diagnosed with @entity2 compared to @entity1 from other areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 consecutively operated on for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) between November 2004 and April 2013 at the Division of Thoracic Surgery of the National @entity5 Institute of Naples were eligible. The study outcome was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). In addition, the TdF and non-TdF groups were compared through propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS: Overall, 439 @entity1 with resectable @entity1149 were operated on, 123 (28%) from the TdF and 316 (72%) from other referral centers of our catchment area. There were 301 males and 138 females; the median age of the entire surgical population was 65 years (range=25-83) years. Apart from a different prevalence of @entity101 and underweight @entity1 , preoperative factors were evenly distributed between the two groups. At univariate analysis, @entity1349 was not different between the TdF and non TdF group (median 72 and 68 months, respectively; p=0.75 log-rank test). Multivariable analysis confirmed that living in the TdF area had no prognostic impact (hazard ratio=1.05; 95% confidence interval=0.70-1.57; p=0.78) on @entity1349 . PSM confirmed no statistically significant difference of @entity1349 (hazard ratio=1.01, 95% confidence interval=0.67-1.52; p=0.93). CONCLUSION: Following surgery for @entity2 , TdF and non-TdF surgical candidates had similar long-term survival. Originating from the TdF does not seem to be associated with worse outcomes after surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Survival After Surgical Treatment of XXXX Arising in the Population Exposed to Illegal Dumping of Toxic Waste in the Land of Fires ('Terra dei Fuochi') of Southern Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: A new anterior intrapelvic approach for the surgical management of displaced @entity174 involving predominantly the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate is described. In order to establish five 'windows' for instrumentation, the extraperitoneal space is entered along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. This is the so-called 'Pararectus' approach. The feasibility of safe dissection and optimal instrumentation of the pelvis was assessed in five cadavers (ten hemipelves) before implementation in a series of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 59 years (17 to 90), of whom 17 were male. The clinical evaluation was undertaken between December 2009 and December 2010. The quality of reduction was assessed with post-operative CT scans and the occurrence of @entity532 was noted. In cadavers, sufficient extraperitoneal access and safe instrumentation of the pelvis were accomplished. In the @entity1 , there was a statistically significant improvement in the reduction of the @entity174 (pre- versus post-operative: mean step-off 3.3 mm (sd 2.6) vs 0.1 mm (sd 0.3), p < 0.001; and mean gap 11.5 mm (sd 6.5) vs 0.8  mm (sd 1.3), p < 0.001). Lesions to the peritoneum were noted in two @entity1 and @entity1504 was noted in a further two @entity1 . Multi-directional screw placement and various plate configurations were feasible in cadavers without significant retraction of soft tissues. In the treatment of @entity174 predominantly involving the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate, the Pararectus approach allowed anatomical restoration with minimal morbidity related to the surgical access.

title: The Pararectus approach for anterior intrapelvic management of XXXX : an anatomical study and clinical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['minor vascular damage']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acetabular fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For heavy cigarette smokers and recent former smokers who have accumulated a high @entity2 , a primary objective is the early detection of that disease; this goal can be achieved by annual screening with one of the radiologic imaging methods available. While awaiting for the implementation of computed tomography or of other, more sensitive methods, it is quite reasonable to screen those who are at risk with annual chest X-ray (CXR), an examination that is readily available at low cost. Indeed, with the annual CXR screening of heavy smokers, it is possible to detect about 50% of @entity2 in TNM Stage I. The 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with asymptomatic, screen-detected @entity5 after radical surgery is significantly greater than the survival rate of @entity1 with symptomatic disease. METHODS: At the Center for Thoracic Surgery of the University of Insubria Medical School in Varese we developed a project, called "PRE.DI.CA" (an acronym for "early diagnosis of @entity5 "), of annual CXR screening for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic @entity2 in the high risk population of heavy cigarette smokers and recent former smokers in the province of Varese, Italy. From June 1997 to August 1999, 2444 heavy smokers were enrolled in the PRE.DI.CA project. RESULTS: About 75% of @entity1 complied with the annual screening protocol. Overall, 23 @entity1 (all males) with asymptomatic @entity2 were detected by CXR screening; moreover, 1 @entity1 developed @entity2 6 months after his initially negative CXR and was diagnosed with @entity189 (Stage IIIA). In the initial (prevalence) screening, the authors detected 16 @entity1 with @entity2 in 2444 screened @entity1 (0.65%). In the subsequent incidence screening, the authors detected 7 @entity1 with @entity2 in 1361 screened @entity1 (0.51%); it is noteworthy that 5 of 7 @entity1 (71%) with @entity2 that was detected by incidence CXR screening had @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In the province of Varese, Italy, it is possible to make an early @entity2 with CXR annual screening in asymptomatic, high risk smokers. Incidence screening in 1361 @entity1 detected 7 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity2 ; 5 of 7 @entity1 (71%) with such screen-detected @entity2 had @entity5 .

title: XXXX screening in cigarette smokers in the province of Varese, Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['interval carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['risk of lung carcinoma', 'symptoms of lung carcinoma', 'diagnosis of lung carcinoma', 'lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I disease', 'cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) is the most effective @entity410 prophylaxis in the management of severe @entity1468 , and its use is progressively spreading in our environment. It was introduced at the pioneer teaching hospital of southeastern Nigeria in 2007. A study on the outcome of its use is therefore necessary. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to determine the effect of introducing @entity2400 on the maternal and perinatal outcomes of severe @entity1468 in Enugu, South eastern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of all cases of severe @entity1468 managed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu (UNTH), Nigeria, from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008 - 2 years before, and 2 years after the introduction of @entity2400 - was performed. RESULT: The prevalence of severe @entity1468 within the study period was 3.3%. The mean age of study @entity1 was 24.5    2.9 years. Thirty @entity1 received @entity2400 while 47 @entity1 received @entity3175 . @entity3036 occurred only in a member of the @entity3175 group but there were no maternal deaths. Babies from the @entity3175 group were more likely to have low 1 minute Apgar scores but the association was not significant [OR = 3.08 (95% CI 0.78, 13.33)]. Longer hospital stay was significantly lower among @entity1 who received @entity2400 [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.93)]. Perinatal mortality did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2400 is effective in the management of severe pre-eclamptics at the UNTH, Enugu. Therefore, its accessibility and wider use should be promoted.

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome of severe @entity1468 in Enugu, Nigeria after introduction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['Eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is the most common type of @entity259 , whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of both disease entities is very rare. @entity1 FINDINGS: A 59-year-old @entity1 with known @entity1375 from @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) was seen for thyroid nodules. A thyroid ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous thyroid gland with two hypoechoic nodules, one in the right aspect of the isthmus measuring 2.0   cm 3.2   cm 1.7   cm and another one in the left lobe measuring 1.4   cm 1.3   cm 1.2   cm. A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the right-sided nodule revealed atypical epithelial cells and atypical lymphoid cells in a background of @entity1669 ; FNA of the left-sided nodule showed findings of @entity3557 . A total thyroidectomy was performed. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Pathology showed extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 of MALT type with extreme plasmacytic differentiation in the right nodule and @entity3557 in the left nodule (pT1b Nx Mx). Postoperatively, he underwent radioactive @entity1496 ablation treatment. There was only minimal neck uptake on the post-treatment scan. Further work-up did not show any evidence of @entity706 . Seven years after the surgery, the @entity1 had no evidence of recurrence of either @entity5 . SUMMARY: @entity3557 is the most prevalent @entity259 and has an excellent prognosis. Primary @entity706 is rare and accounts for <5% of all @entity259 . Among the primary @entity706 , @entity1074 tends to have a more indolent course and a better prognosis. @entity3557 and @entity1074 have been associated with @entity2621 . FNA has been validated in several studies for the diagnosis of @entity1074 ; however, distinguishing @entity1074 from @entity2621 remains a challenge due to their histological similarities. The treatment of @entity1074 remains controversial; however, surgery is generally accepted in the early-stage @entity1074 as was performed in the present case. CONCLUSION: Since @entity2621 is associated with @entity3557 and @entity1074 , @entity1 with @entity2621 deserve careful surveillance for both disease entities. In our @entity1 , the management of one @entity5 did not affect the management of the other, and the prognosis did not seem to be affected.

title: Co-occurrence of @entity3557 and primary @entity706 in a XXXX with long-standing @entity2621 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lymphomas', 'extrathyroidal lymphoma', 'thyroid lymphoma', 'lymphoma of the thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The Gram-positive bacterium @entity5125 is widely distributed in the environment and capable of causing @entity281 in susceptible individuals. In this study, we investigated the cell envelope stress response in @entity5125 . Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was performed to investigate the response upon exposure to the cell wall antibiotic @entity2261 . Differential expression (at least twofold) of 558 genes was observed, corresponding to 20% of the @entity5125 genome. The majority of genes that were strongly induced by @entity2261 exposure have cell-envelope-related functions, including the dlt operon and the gene encoding penicillin-binding protein PBPD2. A large overlap was observed between the @entity2261 stimulon and genes known to be induced in @entity5125 in blood and during intracellular infection, indicating that the cell envelope stress response is active at various stages of the infectious process. We analysed the roles of the two-component systems LisRK and CesRK in the cell envelope response, showing that activation of the most highly @entity2261 -induced genes was LisR- and CesR-dependent. In addition, multiple VirRS- and LiaSR-regulated genes were found to be induced in response to @entity2261 exposure. In total, 53% of the genes upregulated at least fourfold by @entity2261 exposure are under positive control by one of the four two-component systems. Using genetic analyses, we showed that several genes of the @entity2261 stimulon contribute to the innate resistance of @entity5125 to @entity2261 and tolerance to other cell-envelope-perturbing conditions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate central roles for two-component systems in orchestrating the cell envelope stress response in @entity5125 .

title: Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the cell envelope stress response and the role of LisRK and CesRK in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne infections']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: Between 1969 and 1985, 245 @entity1 with @entity3620 were treated (157 male, 88 female). The average age was 55.8 years and the sex ratio was 1.8:1 in favour of males. The right side was more frequently affected than the left (56.7% vs. 43.3%). A @entity1143 and dyspnoea were the presenting signs and symptoms in 83.7% of the @entity1 and unilateral @entity662 in 64.2%. Noninvasive diagnostic procedures included a chest X-ray and computed tomography of the thorax. @entity1143 and @entity456 were detected most frequently. Malignant cells were identified by pleural fluid cytology in 45.3% and by needle biopsy of the pleura in 42.7% of the @entity1 . Forty-five @entity1 were treated conservatively and 200 @entity1 underwent operation: diagnostic thoracotomy (78); partial pleurectomy (72); total pleurectomy (46); extended pleuropneumonectomy (2); partial removal of the diaphragm (1) and total pleurectomy and upper lobectomy (1). The perioperative mortality was 6%. The conservative and postoperative treatment depended on the @entity1 ' symptoms and included radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone or in combination. The mean survival time of the 222 non-survivors was 9.2 months. After 1 year, 36% of the @entity1 were still alive, after 2 years, 10.8% and the 5-year survival was 4.1%. The median survival time in @entity1 treated non-operatively was 6 months--a little over half that of the @entity1 treated surgically (10.1 months).

title: The diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: In plants, very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; >18 carbon) are precursors of sphingolipids, triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes, and suberin. VLCFAs are synthesized by a multiprotein membrane-bound fatty acid elongation system that catalyzes four successive enzymatic reactions: condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a second reduction. A bioinformatics survey of the @entity958 ( @entity958 ) genome has revealed two sequences homologous to YBR159w encoding a @entity375 beta-ketoacyl reductase (KCR), which catalyzes the first reduction during VLCFA elongation. Expression analyses showed that both @entity37919 and @entity37920 genes were transcribed in siliques, flowers, inflorescence stems, leaves, as well as developing embryos, but only @entity37919 transcript was detected in roots. Fluorescent protein-tagged @entity37919 and @entity37920 were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of fatty acid elongation. Complementation of the @entity375 ybr159Delta mutant demonstrated that the two KCR proteins are divergent and that only @entity37919 can restore heterologous elongase activity similar to the native @entity375 KCR gene. Analyses of insertional mutants in @entity37919 and @entity37920 revealed that loss of @entity37919 function results in @entity2085 , which cannot be rescued by @entity37920 expression using the @entity37919 promoter. In contrast, a disruption of the @entity37920 gene had no obvious phenotypic effect. Taken together, these results indicate that only @entity37919 is a functional KCR isoform involved in microsomal fatty acid elongation. To investigate the roles of @entity37919 in postembryonic development, transgenic lines expressing RNA interference and overexpression constructs targeted against @entity37919 were generated. Morphological and biochemical characterization of these lines confirmed that suppressed KCR activity results in a reduction of cuticular wax load and affects VLCFA composition of sphingolipids, seed triacylglycerols, and root glycerolipids, demonstrating in planta that KCR is involved in elongation reactions supplying VLCFA for all these diverse classes of lipids.

title: Functional characterization of the XXXX beta-ketoacyl-coenzyme A reductase candidates of the fatty acid elongase.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo lethality']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: In this study we evaluate the efficacy of @entity1943 (ST) versus balloon tamponade (BT) in controlling @entity548 from esophageal varices. Forty-four consecutive @entity1 with active variceal @entity548 were randomly assigned to treatment with a continuous infusion of ST at 250 micrograms/h after an initial bolus of 50 micrograms (group A) or to treatment with BT (group B). Five cases were excluded from the final analysis because of methodological issues. Nineteen @entity1 were allocated to group A and twenty to group B. No differences in age, sex, @entity167 intake, severity of @entity548 or @entity1578 were found between the groups. Initial haemostasia within the first 4 h of treatment was obtained in 14 (74%) of the @entity1 receiving ST and in 12 (60%) of those receiving BT. Three @entity1 in group A and two in group B had early rebleeding. Bleeding was controlled over a 24-h period or until elective sclerotherapy could be performed in 11 (58%) and 10 (50%) of the @entity1 , in groups A and B, respectively. One BT-treated @entity1 developed @entity1174 . No complications were observed in @entity1 treated with ST. No significant differences in initial haemostasia, definite control of @entity548 or complications were found between the two groups. In this study, @entity1943 infusion was found to be as effective as Sengstaken BT in controlling acute variceal @entity548 until an elective session of endoscopic sclerotherapy could be performed. However, larger studies are still needed to confirm this theory.

title: XXXX versus Sengstaken balloon tamponade for primary haemostasia of @entity548 esophageal varices. A randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is the third most frequent @entity5 in @entity1 , worldwide and etiologically associated with @entity281 by @entity1082 ). Following the results of the first epidemiologic population-based CLEOPATRE study in Portugal, it was important to understand the HPV type-specific distribution in @entity1 with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grades 2 and 3 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: This was an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Between January 2008 and May 2009, @entity982 -embedded samples of histologically confirmed cases of CIN2, CIN3, and @entity3 were collected from the 5 regional health administrations in mainland Portugal. Eligible samples were sent to 2 central laboratories for histological reassessment and HPV genotyping. Prevalence estimates were calculated together with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 582 samples, 177 cases of CIN2, 341 of CIN3, and 64 of @entity3 , were included. The mean age of @entity1 was 41.8 years (range, 20-88 years). The overall HPV prevalence was 97.9% with a higher prevalence of high-risk genotypes, particularly @entity1799 . @entity281 were observed in 11.2% of the cases. @entity1082 prevalence was 95.5% in CIN2, 99.4% in CIN3, and 96.9% in @entity3 . The 8 more frequent genotypes in order of decreasing frequency were @entity1799 , 31, 58, 33, 51, 52, 18, and 35 in CIN2 and @entity1799 , 31, 33, 58, 52, 35, 18, and 51 in CIN3. In @entity3 cases, the 12 detected HPV genotypes were @entity1799 , 18, 31, 33, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, and 73. However, HPV 53 and 73 were always associated to other high-risk genotypes. @entity1082 types 31, 51, 52, 56, and 59 were detected in 1 case each. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1082 prevalence and patterns of type-specific HPV positivity were comparable with other studies. Current HPV vaccines should protect against HPV genotypes responsible for 77.4% of @entity3 in Portugal.

title: @entity1082 type distribution in cervical XXXX in Portugal: a CLEOPATRE II Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 and cervical cancer']


abstract: Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a class of enzymes that oxidatively cleave carotenoids into @entity37178 . Dioxygenases have been identified in plants and animals and produce a wide variety of cleavage products. Despite what is known about apocarotenoids in higher organisms, very little is known about apocarotenoids and CCDs in microorganisms. This study surveyed cleavage activities of ten putative carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases from five different cyanobacteria in recombinant @entity526 cells producing different carotenoid substrates. Three @entity12740 homologs identified in @entity13931 were purified, and their cleavage activities were investigated. Two of the three enzymes showed cleavage of @entity37179 at the 9,10 and 15,15' positions, respectively. The third enzyme did not cleave full-length carotenoids but cleaved the apocarotenoid @entity37180 at the 9,10 position. 9,10-Apocarotenoid cleavage specificity has previously not been described. The diversity of carotenoid cleavage activities identified in one cyanobacteria suggests that CCDs not only facilitate the degradation of photosynthetic pigments but generate apocarotenals with yet to be determined biological roles in microorganisms.

title: Identification of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases from XXXX with different cleavage activities.

entities_list: @entity37178 :: ('CHEBI:53183', 'Chemical') :: ['apocarotenoids']

entities_list: @entity37180 :: ('MESH:C110652', 'Chemical') :: ["beta-apo-8'-carotenal"]

entities_list: @entity37179 :: ('CHEBI:17579', 'Chemical') :: ['beta,beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity13931 :: (103690,Species) :: ['Nostoc sp. PCC 7120']


abstract: @entity1527 epimastigotes permeabilized with @entity11040 (65 micrograms (mg protein)-1) to measure mitochondrial respiration were exposed to different substrates. Although none of the @entity2125 -dependent substrates stimulated respiration, @entity4588 supported not only @entity26 consumption but also oxidative phosphorylation (respiratory control ratio of 1.9 +/- 0.3) indicating that the mitochondria were coupled. The rate of @entity2125 -dependent @entity26 consumption by membrane fractions (9.4 +/- 0.7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1) was reduced by 50% upon addition of catalase indicating that the electrons from @entity2125 oxidation reduced @entity26 to @entity274 . @entity2125 -dependent @entity274 production (16 +/- 1 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1) was confirmed using cytochrome c peroxidase. This activity was inhibited by @entity8516 by 70%, suggesting a competition between @entity8516 and @entity26 for the electrons from @entity2125 , probably at the @entity8516 reductase level. The respiratory chain inhibitor @entity11382 blocked both respiration by intact cells and @entity4588 -dependent cytochrome c by isolated membranes. No inhibition by @entity11382 was observed when @entity2125 replaced @entity4588 as an electron donor, indicating that the electrons from @entity2125 oxidation reduced cytochrome c through a different route. @entity12930 blocked not only @entity4588 -cytochrome c reductase and @entity8516 reductase, but also intact cell motility. These results suggest that @entity4588 has a central role in the intermediate metabolism of i. cruzi, as it may be used for respiration or excreted to the extracellular space under anaerobic conditions. In addition, 2 potential sources of @entity274 were tentatively identified as: (a) the enzyme @entity8516 reductase; and (b) a @entity4588 -dependent site, which may be the semiquinone form of @entity41384 , as in @entity1 mitochondria.

title: XXXX -dependent metabolism in @entity1527 epimastigotes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11382 :: ('MESH:C032456', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin']

answer: @entity4588 :: (MESH:D019802,Chemical) :: ['Succinate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe archipelago @entity1036 , a presumed clinical variant of herpetic epithelial @entity1036 . DESIGN: Case series. @entity1 : A series of 6 @entity1 with an unusual form of superficial @entity1036 . METHODS: History, including age, gender, clinical evolution, and treatment; slit-lamp biomicroscopy findings; in vivo confocal microscopy findings; and corneal epithelial scrapings were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical ocular examination, a diagnostic workup including corneal scraping for herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction, in vivo confocal microscopy, and therapeutic outcome. RESULTS: The authors describe a series of 6 @entity1 with @entity1036 consisting of foci of epithelial erosions associated with subepithelial nummular inflammatory infiltrates and disposed in a radial, centripetal, archipelagolike pattern originating from the limbus. All the @entity1 had a past history of herpetic epithelial @entity1036 , herpetic vesicles on the ipsilateral lid, or both. Polymerase chain reaction-based screening for @entity3307 and 2 in corneal scrapings demonstrated positive results in 2 @entity1 . In vivo corneal confocal microscopy revealed focal areas of hyperreflective epithelial cells and hyperreflective subepithelial dendritic structures overlying activated keratocytes. All the @entity1 improved with oral @entity6933 treatment followed by topical @entity134 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Archipelago @entity1036 may be a new clinical variant of @entity1034 , reflecting herpetic dissemination from the limbus to the center of the @entity267 .

title: Archipelago @entity1036 : a clinical variant of recurrent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']

answer: @entity1034 :: (MESH:D016849,Disease) :: ['herpetic keratitis']


abstract: Nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) that contain an alpha7 subunit are widely distributed in neuronal and nonneuronal tissue. These receptors are implicated in the release of neurotransmitters such as @entity2227 and in functions ranging from thought processing to @entity32 . Currently available ligands for alpha7 nAChRs have substantial affinity for one or more other nAChR subtypes, including those with an alpha1, alpha3, alpha6, and/or alpha9 subunit. An alpha-conotoxin gene was cloned from Conus arenatus. Predicted peptides were synthesized and found to potently block alpha3-, alpha6-, and alpha7-containing nAChRs. Structure-activity information regarding conotoxins from distantly related Conus species was employed to modify the C. arenatus derived toxin into a novel, highly selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. This ligand, alpha-CtxArIB[ @entity37262 , @entity37263 ], has @entity258 for @entity35 alpha7 homomers expressed in @entity1238 oocytes, and antagonism is slowly reversible. Kinetic analysis provided insight into the mechanism of antagonism. alpha-CtxArIB interacts with five ligand binding sites per alpha7 receptor, and occupation of a single site is sufficient to block function. The peptide was also shown to be highly selective in competition binding assays in @entity35 brain membranes. alpha-CtxArIB[ @entity37262 , @entity37263 ] is the most selective ligand yet reported for alpha7 nAChRs.

title: Discovery, synthesis, and structure activity of a highly selective alpha7 nicotinic XXXX receptor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity37263 :: ('p|SUB|V|16|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V16D']

entities_list: @entity37262 :: ('p|SUB|V|11|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V11L']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low nanomolar affinity']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for treating refractory @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 42 @entity1 treated with TENS for refractory @entity2182 was prospectively investigated at an academic tertiary referral centre. Effects were evaluated using bladder diary for at least 48 h and satisfaction assessment at baseline, after 12 weeks of TENS treatment, and at the last known follow-up. Adverse events related to TENS were also assessed. RESULTS: Mean age of the 42 @entity1 (25 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) was 48 years (range, 18-76). TENS was successful following 12 weeks of treatment in 21 (50 %) @entity1 , and the positive effect was sustained during a mean follow-up of 21 months (range, 6-83 months) in 18 @entity1 . Following 12 weeks of TENS treatment, mean number of voids per 24 h decreased significantly from 15 to 11 (p < 0.001) and mean voided volume increased significantly from 160 to 230 mL (p < 0.001). In addition, TENS completely restored continence in 7 (39 %) of the 18 incontinent @entity1 . Before TENS, all 42 @entity1 were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied; following 12 weeks of TENS treatment, 21 (50 %) @entity1 felt satisfied or very satisfied (p < 0.001). No adverse events related to TENS were noted. CONCLUSIONS: TENS seems to be an effective and safe treatment for refractory @entity2182 warranting randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: an effective treatment for refractory non-neurogenic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder syndrome', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate male and female @entity5 survivors' perception of fertility-related information and use of fertility preservation (FP) in connection with @entity5 treatment during reproductive age. METHODS: The study sample consisted of @entity5 survivors diagnosed from 2003 to 2007 identified in population-based registers in Sweden. Inclusion criteria included survivors who were age 18 to 45 years at diagnosis and @entity706 , @entity3052 , @entity5 , @entity43 , or female @entity0 treated with chemotherapy. Of 810 eligible @entity1 , 484 survivors (60% response rate) completed a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of male @entity1 reported having received information about treatment impact on fertility (80%) and FP (68%), and more than half of the @entity1 banked frozen sperm (54%). Among @entity1 , less than half (48%) reported that they received information about treatment impact on fertility, and 14% reported that they received information about FP. Only seven @entity1 (2%) underwent FP. Predictors for receiving information about treatment impact on fertility were a pretreatment desire to have @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 3.5), male sex (OR, 3.2), and being  <= 35 years of age at diagnosis (OR, 2.0). Predictors for receiving information about FP included male sex (OR, 14.4), age  <= 35 at diagnosis (OR, 5.1), and having no @entity1 at diagnosis (OR, 2.5). CONCLUSION: Our results show marked sex differences regarding the receipt of fertility-related information and use of FP. There is an urgent need to develop fertility-related information adapted to female @entity1 with @entity5 to improve their opportunities to participate in informed decisions regarding their treatment and future reproductive ability.

title: Sex differences in fertility-related information received by young adult XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['had lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have indicated an inverse relationship between @entity5 risk and sunlight exposure. Others have reported that the prognosis of some @entity5 such as prostate, @entity43 , were affected by the season in which the @entity5 was diagnosed. In our study, we evaluated whether season is prognostic in Turkish @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 517 @entity1 from Kayseri Training and Research Hospital were analysed retrospectively. @entity1 were divided into 4 groups according to @entity5 diagnosis: winter, spring, summer and autumn. The prognostic factors for disease free survival and overall survival were investigated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among groups regarding prognostic factors overall. Only @entity172 receptor status and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors (p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). We found significantly differences for mean disease free survival among groups (p=0.019). Winter group had better mean DFS while summer group had worse DFS. Mean overall survival was similar in the four groups (p=0.637). CONCLUSIONS: The season is not an independent predictive factor. However, due to interaction with other factors, we think that the @entity5 diagnosis is important for @entity5 prognosis.

title: Is season a prognostic factor in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['colon, ovarian and non melanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'season of cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Herein we describe a case of @entity1069 following intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for superficial @entity150 . METHODS: @entity1 evaluation included DRE, urine culture, urinary cytology, cystoscopy, PSA determination and transrectal US-guided needle biopsy. RESULTS: On control evaluation two months after intravesical BCG therapy had concluded, the @entity1 referred an episode of @entity158 . DRE disclosed an area of increased hardness in one of the prostatic lobes. Urine staining for Mycobacterium was negative and PSA value was 3.5 ng/dl. During transrectal US evaluation, a @entity75 was detected and biopsied. Analysis of the biopsy specimen disclosed @entity1069 with @entity39 . The patient received antituberculous therapy which achieved clinically good results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1069 is a relatively common complication after intravesical BCG instillation (0.9% of treated @entity1 ) and its management includes discontinuation of the instillation and the administration of @entity3109 and @entity1215 . US-guided needle biopsy is warranted to rule out @entity263 . BCG instillations are well tolerated in more than 95% of the patients and antituberculous therapy has been proven effective in the management of complications.

title: [ XXXX as a complication of BCG intravesical instillation. Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous prostatitis', 'Granulomatous prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['caseous necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suprapubic pain']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous prostatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological alterations and significances of jejunal mucosa responsible to post-operative @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 treated with enteral nutrition (EN) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). METHODS: 40 @entity1 were divided randomly into EN group and TPN group. The serum levels of prealbumin (PAB) and @entity69 ( @entity69 ) were detected at a given time. Jejunal mucosa specimens were acquired through a new technique and observed in detail both under general microscope and electronic microscope. RESULTS: On seventh and fourteenth post-operative day, the serum level of PAB in EN group was remarkably higher than it in TPN group (P < 0.05). No difference was seen in @entity69 levels of 2 groups. On 14th post-operative day, it was found by general microscope that the height of @entity5932 was significantly higher in EN group than in TPN group (P < 0.05), and meantime it was also found by electronic microscope that the height of microvilli on jejunal mucosa epithelial cells in EN group was remarkably higher than it in TPN group (P < 0.05) and was higher than microvilli itself before EN start (P < 0.05). In TPN group, some pathological alterations could be seen in jejunal mucosa epithelial cells on 14th post-operative day, such as mitochondrial @entity4 , crista swelling, dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus, and the appearance of abnormal substances in intercellular attachments. However, none of above these pathological changes could be seen in EN group. CONCLUSION: Early enteral nutrition could protect the jejunal mucosa in post-operative @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 and have its results better than @entity8856 alone.

title: [The morphological alterations of jejunal mucosa accepting early enteral nutrition for post-operative XXXX with severe acute @entity788 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal mucosa villi']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and adjuvant high-dose @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) are associated with a median survival of 3 years in early-stage @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) but of less than 1 year in locally advanced disease. Although local control after EPP and @entity1161 is excellent, most @entity1 die of distant metastases. We designed this clinical trial to test the feasibility of induction chemotherapy followed by EPP and @entity1161 in locally advanced @entity3620 with the ultimate aim of improving survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3620 and stage III or IV disease were eligible. Induction therapy was four cycles of @entity136 and @entity900 . @entity1 without disease progression by computed tomography underwent EPP followed by adjuvant hemithoracic @entity1161 (54 cGy). RESULTS: From January 2002 to January 2004, 21 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , four @entity1 ; median age 60 years) were entered into the study. Histology was epithelioid in 14 @entity1 and mixed or sarcomatoid five @entity1 . @entity66 stage was III in 13 @entity1 and IV in six @entity1 . Nineteen @entity1 received induction chemotherapy. Response to induction therapy was complete in zero @entity1 , partial in five @entity1 , stable disease in six @entity1 , and progression of disease in eight @entity1 . Eight of nine @entity1 undergoing surgical exploration had EPP. The median survival of all @entity1 was 19 months. @entity1 who had an EPP had a median survival of 33.5 months. @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 had a median survival of 9 months (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 followed by EPP and adjuvant @entity1161 for locally advanced @entity3620 is feasible and leads to a better median overall survival than that previously reported with EPP and @entity1161 alone.

title: Induction chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy, and postoperative high-dose radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Pretreatment disease']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anatomical resection of segment @entity797 (SVIII) is technically demanding. Only two small studies have published short-term outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes after anatomical resection involving SVIII for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and to compare long-term outcomes with those after non-anatomical resection of SVIII. METHODS: Outcomes after anatomical resection of SVIII or its subsegments for @entity157 were compared with those in @entity1 who underwent primary non-anatomical resection of SVIII during the same period. RESULTS: A total of 154 @entity1 underwent anatomical resection involving SVIII and 122 had non-anatomical resection. In @entity1 undergoing anatomical resection, the preoperative @entity3194 retention rate at 15 min ranged from 2  9 to 32  2 (median 13  6) per cent, and was 10 per cent or more in 109 @entity1 (70  8 per cent). Median duration of operation and @entity190 were 378 min and 705 ml respectively. There were no postoperative deaths, but major adverse events occurred in ten @entity1 (6  5 per cent). The cumulative 5-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 28  5 and 79  6 per cent, which were significantly better than rates of 19  4 and 64  8 per cent respectively after non-anatomical resection (P = 0  036 and P < 0  001). CONCLUSION: Complete resection of SVIII or its subsegments can be performed safely and the long-term outcomes seem acceptable. This can be a curative procedure for @entity157 , especially in @entity1 with limited liver function reserve, in whom right hepatectomy or right paramedian sectorectomy might otherwise be needed.

title: Resection of segment XXXX for @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['VIII']


abstract: AIM: To analyze phospholipid profiles in intrahepatic bile from @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ) and @entity991 ( @entity991 ). METHODS: Intrahepatic bile specimens collected via endoscopic retrograde cholangiography from 41 @entity1 were analyzed. Fourteen of these @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity991 , 10 with @entity991 , 11 with @entity2877 or no identifiable @entity253 , and 6 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ). @entity6741 , @entity165 , protein, and @entity648 contents as well as pancreas lipase activity in bile were determined by biochemical methods. @entity2434 (PC) and @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) species were quantified using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Bile from all the examined @entity1 groups showed a remarkably similar PC and @entity15002 species composition, with only minor statistical differences. Total biliary PC concentrations were highest in controls (8030    1843  mol/L) and lowest in @entity1 with @entity201 (1969    981  mol/L) (P = 0.005, controls vs @entity991 and @entity201 , respectively, P < 0.05). @entity15002 contents in bile were overall low (4.2%    1.8%). Biliary @entity15002 /PC ratios and ratios of biliary PC to @entity648 , PC to @entity165 , PC to protein, and PC to @entity3645 showed no intergroup differences. CONCLUSION: PC and @entity15002 profiles being similar in @entity1 with or without sclerosing @entity255 , these phospholipids are likely not of major pathogenetic importance in this disease group.

title: Biliary @entity2434 and @entity6579 profiles in sclerosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['SSC', 'PSC', 'secondary sclerosing cholangitis', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma', 'CCC']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: Persistent @entity158 represents a major quality-of-life burden for @entity1 and a challenge for their physician. @entity1118 often arises from multiple tissue sources and involves multiple chemical mediators and @entity158 transmission pathways. Successful long-term @entity158 management requires analgesic regimens that can treat @entity158 of multiple origin and type. Safety and tolerability are also a high priority when prescribing chronic therapy. Recent publications and regulatory developments affecting anti-inflammatory drugs have limited the options available for the management of @entity1118 . Major concerns in long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs include @entity8 , gastrointestinal @entity1066 and @entity548 and cardiovascular events, which can be of particular concern for elderly @entity1 . Opioid agents avoid the end-organ @entity137 seen with anti-inflammatory drugs, but their use may be limited, especially in the long term, by side effects such as @entity1142 or sedation and by concerns about the potential for physical or @entity734 . @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) has a favourable safety and tolerability profile, although exceeding the recommended dose (up to 4 g/day) carries a risk of @entity409 . It exerts simultaneous anti-nociception at both spinal and supra-spinal sites, and has shown self-synergy between these two routes of activity. @entity1340 , an atypical weak opioid with a multi-modal mechanism of action, inhibits re-uptake of multiple neurotransmitters and has an improved safety and tolerability profile compared with traditional opioids. Rational combinations of analgesic drugs offer a viable approach to managing persistent @entity158 that involves multiple sites or pathways. The combination of @entity1443 plus @entity1340 brings together two well-known analgesics that have different but complementary mechanisms of analgesic action. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that these agents interact to produce synergistic @entity1337 with a desirable safety/efficacy profile.

title: Pharmacological aspects of successful long-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'acetaminophen', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['psychological dependence']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The antidiabetic drug @entity2449 (MF) typically achieves only micromolar levels in plasma with normal therapeutic use. However, it is also known to accumulate in various tissues up to several times higher after standard oral dosing and we now have evidence from both in vivo and in vitro experiments with spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) that millimolar levels stimulate release of @entity1063 (NE) from vascular sympathetic nerve endings (SNEs). As shown in the present work with SHR tail arterial tissue (rich in SNEs), the known vasodilator effect of millimolar levels of MF on the smooth muscle (even if contracted with a nonadrenergic agonist), is attenuated by the presence of the SNEs unless @entity5521 (an alpha receptor blocker) is present. We reasoned that the mechanism for this apparent NE-releasing action of MF is not exocytotic release as that would require depolarization of the neuronal cell membranes in SNEs, and MF at millimolar levels is known to repolarize (not depolarize) membranes of other cells. Thus, we tested the possibility that MF releases NE by an indirect sympathomimetic-like action. Such an action should be amplified by @entity1154 oxidase inhibitors (e.g. iproniazid) and blocked by NE-carrier inhibitors (e.g. @entity5829 ). Accordingly, we found that the abovementioned attenuating effect of intact SNEs on MF's relaxation of SHR tail arterial tissue (compared to tissues in which SNEs were experimentally removed with @entity2955 ) was amplified nearly 3-fold by iproniazid (p<0.05) and blocked by @entity5829 (p<0.05). These results support an indirect sympathomimetic action of MF and raise the question whether commonly used antidepressants with properties similar to @entity44230 and @entity5829 might alter MF's beneficial vasodilatory (and thus antihypertensive) effectiveness in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 .

title: A possible indirect sympathomimetic action of @entity2449 in the arterial vessel wall of spontanously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity44230 :: ('MESH:D007490', 'Chemical') :: ['iproniazid']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The rationale of our approach to the detection and characterization of @entity1 @entity1778 and @entity320 associated membrane antigens is to take advantage of the unique immunological recognition perspective of simians to huamn antigens. There are enough antigenic similarities between @entity1 and nonhuman primates to blunt the immune response of apes and monkeys to huamn species-specific antigens. Their response to allogeneic normal human antigens such as HL-A can now be managed by in vitro absorption procedures. High titered antibodies specific for @entity5 associated membrane antigens have not been well documented in serological studies with @entity1 ' sera. Immunization of nonhuman primates utilizes a fully immunocompetent recipient who has no @entity5 and is not on chemotherapy. The immunization can utilize adjuvants and other regimens that morally and ethically cannot be easily used for @entity1 allogeneic immunization. The simian antisera that are shown to be specific for @entity1 @entity5 membrane antigens can then be utilized for studies on the isolation and characterization of the antigens. Similar studies with HL-A antigens indicated that the solubilized partially purified antigens can then be used to elicit high titered antibodies in other simians. These latter antisera can then be used for more sensitive assays and studies on the association of the antigen(s) with the cell membrane. Although the work summarized here covers @entity1778 and melamona antigens, it is felt the approach will serve as a model for the detection by simian antisera of @entity5 -specific membrane antigens of @entity5 cells from @entity1 with various types of solid @entity5 .

title: @entity1 @entity320 and XXXX associated antigens difined by nonhuman primate antisera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Two @entity1 aged 58 and 76, respectively, presented with @entity1295 and @entity1277 followed by @entity1696 . Laboratory tests showed @entity417 , elevated ESR and @entity177 . CT of the abdomen revealed obstruction of the ureters by @entity3807 . The first @entity1 had @entity3807 in combination with an @entity439 of the aorta; in the second @entity1 , the image was suggestive of @entity3123 with secondary @entity82 , but eventually the @entity3807 proved to be idiopathic. Both @entity1 were successfully treated with @entity229 and temporary placement ofnephrostomy catheters. Retroperitoneal @entity82 is an often idiopathic disease that can cause compression of retroperitoneal structures such as the ureters. The clinical picture is aspecific so that the diagnosis is often delayed. Treatment with @entity229 is preferable, followed by immunosuppressive therapy or @entity440 in case of resistance to @entity230 . Relief of the obstruction by means of temporary nephrostomy catheters often makes surgery unnecessary. Retroperitoneal @entity82 is an uncommon disease that deserves more attention in view ofthe favourable therapeutic options following timely diagnosis.

title: [Fatigue, XXXX and @entity1696 due to @entity3807 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['loss of appetite']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of primary angioplasty in @entity583 in a cardiology centre of a small urban community without on-site cardiac surgery. During 1995, 50 @entity1 underwent angioplasty for MI in the first 12 hours. The average age was 66.7 +/- 12.6 years. Eighty six per cent of @entity1 had at least one poor prognostic criteria (32% over 75 years of age, 70% anterior wall @entity1188 , 30% with heart rates > 100 min on admission). The angiographic result was successful in 45 @entity1 (90%). The time between onset of @entity158 and reopening the vessel was 240 +/- 116 min and between admission to the catheter laboratory and reopening 31 +/- 8 min. A coronary stent was implanted in 24 cases (48%) and intra-aortic balloon pumping was necessary in 14 cases (28%). Ischaemia recurred during the hospital phase in 7 cases (14%), 4 of which (8%) were caused by rethrombosis of the dilated artery: in 3 cases, the ischaemia was in another zone. No emergency coronary bypass surgery was required. The hospital mortality was 10%, always in @entity1 over 80 years of age. The average duration of the hospital stay was 5.8 +/- 2.6 days with 15.7 +/- 7.3 days of convalescence. The average global cost was 61850 +/- 20686 F. These results were comparable to previously reported figures and confirm that primary angioplasty in acute @entity1188 is possible and effective with an acceptable risk in a small urban community without on-site cardiac surgery.

title: [Primary angioplasty in XXXX . A one-year experience in a small urban community].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The present study examined three hypotheses regarding the consequences of early @entity75 for @entity4207 achievement: First, early brain insults will have a negative impact on achievement, even in @entity1 with normal intelligence. Second, underachievement in these @entity1 will be at least partially independent of IQ (i.e., not fully accounted for by a lowering of IQ within the average range). Third, normally intelligent @entity1 with histories of brain insult will also manifest selective @entity73 . To test these hypotheses, we compared two groups of @entity1 who had recovered from @entity327 type b @entity693 . The "complicated" group consisted of @entity1 who, as a consequence of having sustained neurologic complications during their illness, were more likely to have had brain insults. @entity1 in the "uncomplicated" group did not have complications with their illness and were regarded as having escaped significant central nervous system (CNS) pathology. Only @entity1 with normal hearing and a prorated Full Scale IQ of at least 80 (WISC-R) were considered. Group differences on the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised were consistent with the first two hypotheses. Although the two groups had similar Verbal IQs, the complicated group also had a lower mean Performance IQ and performed less well on perceptually demanding neuropsychological tasks. Findings suggest that @entity4207 may have selective, brain-related cognitive antecedents; but they challenge the practice of using IQ criteria for clinical diagnosis.

title: @entity4207 following childhood XXXX : implications for the concept of @entity4207 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities', 'academic']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiation between the two forms of ACTH-dependent @entity699 is a challenging task. Although the majority of these cases will be diagnosed as @entity699 secondary to an ACTH-secreting @entity977 , 10-15% result from the @entity11060 ( @entity11060 ), which is usually due to @entity5 . In the present study we report our experience with @entity11060 in eight @entity1 evaluated and treated during the past 10 years. METHODS: Our experience in the evaluation and management of @entity11060 was retrospectively reviewed. The latter included a standard biochemical assessment (urinary free @entity701 , low- and high-dose @entity619 suppression tests), petrosal sinus sampling when indicated and imaging techniques such as @entity4611 and @entity1943 receptor scintigraphy. RESULTS: The ectopic nature of the ACTH hypersecretion was confirmed with inferior petrosal sinus samplings in all cases. CT scanning localized a putative @entity5 in 6/8 @entity1 , whereas octreotide scintigraphy was positive in only five. In all cases, the source was traced to the lungs. However, upon performing thoracotomy, a documented ACTH-secreting @entity5 was found in only four @entity1 . Thus, 4/8 @entity1 with @entity11060 remained "occult." All of these @entity1 underwent adrenalectomy for @entity699 control. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11060 is a rare cause of ACTH-dependent @entity699 . Truly "occult" @entity5 were frequent and these @entity1 need to be under close surveillance for the @entity5 .

title: Ectopic ACTH-secreting syndrome: a single center experience report with a high prevalence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['EAS', 'ectopic ACTH secretion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bronchial carcinoid tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'detection of neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary MRI, total body CT']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['occult tumor']


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of @entity4663 ( @entity8037 , @entity11667 and @entity7224 ) in @entity1 saliva was developed. This method is based on pre-column derivatization with @entity20720 ( @entity30466 ). The derivatives were separated on a Nucleosil ODS column (250x4.6 mm I.D.; 5 microm). The gradient elution was performed with two mobile phases A (water) and B ( @entity1042 ) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The column eluate was monitored by fluorescence detection (excitation, 360 nm; emission, 510 nm). The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation for all the compounds were below 5%. The detection limits for @entity8037 , @entity11667 and @entity7224 were 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 nmol/ml, respectively. The recovery was greater than 90%. Our analytical technique requires neither preliminary extraction with an organic solvent, nor long multi-step procedures. For saliva samples, this is a simple, rapid and highly reproducible method that can be easily applied to the routine determination of salivary @entity4663 , whose levels increase early in several pathological conditions.

title: Determination of XXXX in @entity1 saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity20720 :: ('MESH:D009764', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phthaldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many @entity1375 subjects receiving @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) complain of @entity1109 or @entity73 . However, there is limited validated information on these self-reports. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison of 20 euthyroid and 34 treated @entity1375 subjects, aged 20-45 years, with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Subjects underwent the following validated measures: Short Form 36 (SF-36); Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R); Profile of Mood States (POMS); and tests of declarative memory (Paragraph Recall, Complex Figure), working memory (N-Back, Subject Ordered Pointing, Digit Span Backwards), and motor learning (Pursuit Rotor). MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity2016 -treated subjects had higher mean TSH and free T4 levels, but free @entity1954 (T3) levels were comparable to controls. @entity2016 -treated subjects had decrements on SF-36 and SCL-90-R summary scales and subscales. These subjects performed slightly worse on N-Back and Pursuit Rotor tests. Neither TSH nor thyroid hormone levels were associated with performance on @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: This group of @entity2016 -treated subjects had decrements in health status, @entity73 , and motor learning compared to euthyroid controls. Higher mean TSH levels suggest this may be related to suboptimal treatment, although there were no correlations between TSH levels and outcomes. These findings are limited by potential selection bias, and randomized studies targeting different TSH levels and memory subdomains would clarify these issues.

title: Health status, @entity1109 , mood, and cognition in @entity1955 -treated XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'psychological function, working memory', 'psychological or cognitive measures']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroid']


abstract: @entity73 in @entity716 is closely related to functional outcome, so research into @entity914 is focusing most effort on treatments for improving cognition. New treatments must show not only an improvement on neuropsychological tests but also in co-primary measures of cognition. The cognitive assessment interview (CAI) is an interview-based measure of cognition which assesses the impact of @entity73 in @entity1 ' daily lives. Information obtained from @entity1 and their relatives is integrated into a rater composite score. This study examines the validity of the CAI (adapted to Spanish, CAI-Sp) as a screening instrument for @entity73 , compared to an objective test of cognitive functioning. The psychometric properties of the CAI-Sp and its association with clinical dimensions are also explored. Eighty-one @entity1 with a @entity914 and 38 healthy controls were assessed using the CAI-Sp and the screen for @entity73 in psychiatry (SCIP-S). @entity1 also underwent a clinical assessment. Poorer cognitive functioning as assessed with the CAI-Sp was associated to illness severity, specifically positive, negative and disorganised syndromes. Binary logistic regression showed that the CAI-Sp was able to detect @entity73 in @entity1 , when considering CAI-Sp @entity1 and informant information and CAI-Sp rater scores. The CAI-Sp was found to be a valid and reliable scale to assess cognitive functioning in the context of its impact on daily living. Given its ease and speed of application, the CAI-Sp could prove useful in clinical practice, though not a substitute of objective cognitive testing.

title: Using the cognitive assessment interview to screen XXXX in @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: The high affinity receptor for IgE ( @entity37874 ) is a tetrameric structure consisting of a single IgE-binding alpha subunit, a single beta subunit, and two @entity1520 -linked gamma subunits. The alpha subunit of @entity37874 and most Fc receptors are homologous members of the Ig superfamily. By contrast, the beta and gamma subunits from @entity37874 are not homologous to the Ig superfamily. The gamma-chains do share a region of high homology with the zeta-chain of the TCR. No homology has been found to date for beta with any published sequence. Here, we report that a single copy gene encodes @entity37874 beta and that the locus for @entity37874 beta is found on @entity19 chromosome 19, genetically linked to the @entity6689 ) locus and in a region that also contains @entity34739 and @entity25234 ( @entity25234 ). Homology comparisons among these molecules reveal limited regions of homology between @entity37874 beta and @entity25234 ( @entity25234 ) as well as other striking similarities: both molecules have four putative transmembrane segments and a probably topology where both @entity1472 - and carboxytermini protrude into the cytoplasm. In addition, we show that a single gene for @entity37874 is found at the distal end of @entity19 chromosome 1, clustered in a region where @entity18667 has also been linked to @entity29003 . At least one of the two forms of @entity29003 has recently been shown to contain gamma subunits identical to the gamma subunits of @entity37874 . The close association of the genes for @entity18667 , @entity29003 , and their shared gamma subunits raises interesting implications regarding coordinate regulation of gene expression.

title: Gene mapping of the three subunits of the high affinity FcR for IgE to XXXX chromosomes 1 and 19.

entities_list: @entity37874 :: ('14127(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Fc epsilon RI', 'FC epsilon RI gamma']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the burden of medical and paramedical activities related to the management of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) cases in France. METHODS: An observational, multicenter study was carried out in 23 French pediatric emergency units. Each unit was requested to include the first 25 @entity1 less than five years of age, consulting for @entity697 during the @entity3082 season. RESULTS: A total of 443 @entity1 was included between January and April 2007. The median age was 13 months. Symptoms had been persisting for an average of 2.7 days, and 60.7% of @entity1 had already consulted. In 62.6% of cases, oral rehydration solution (ORS) had been prescribed. The median waiting time in the EU was 15 minutes. The median time spent by a health care professional with a @entity1 was 55 minutes (30 minutes for paramedical care and 25 minutes for medical care). The length of these visits increased significantly (p<0.0001) if @entity1 presented with signs of @entity2700 or behavioral changes. The @entity1 's age had no significant impact. Rehydration in the EU was 70% oral rehydration, 16% parenteral rehydration (8% were combined). Among the @entity1 , 37% were discharged after consultation in the EU, 39% after observation, and 24% were hospitalized. 90% of the @entity1 who were given a prescription on discharge were prescribed at least one ORS (n=333). CONCLUSION: The time spent by a health care professional with a @entity1 presenting with @entity697 could cause organizational problems during an @entity3082 outbreak.

title: [Assessment of workload in pediatric emergency units due to @entity697 during the XXXX season in France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'AGE']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity3082 :: (MESH:D004671,Disease) :: ['epidemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sea urchins are increasingly used as culinary products in Japanese and Korean cuisine throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible IgE-mediated @entity566 in a @entity1 who experienced an anaphylactic reaction after eating sea urchin roe and mussels. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 40-year-old @entity1 experienced generalized @entity111 and @entity110 , @entity1353 , and wheezing 10 minutes after eating steamed mussels and boiled sea urchin roe. Investigations included skin prick tests, serum specific IgE determinations, oral challenge tests, @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Results of skin prick tests with common aeroallergens were negative. Positive prick test responses were obtained with boiled and raw sea urchin extracts, boiled and raw sea urchins themselves, and boiled sea urchin water. Results of an oral challenge test with steamed mussels were negative. Five minutes after the oral mucosa contacted the boiled sea urchin extract, lip @entity111 was present. Specific IgE concentrations to boiled sea urchin water and boiled and raw sea urchins surpassed the criterion for a positive result (1.1, 0.6, and 0.4 kU/L, respectively). In boiled sea urchin extract, a 118-kDa band appeared as the unique relevant IgE-binding antigen. CONCLUSION: In this @entity1 with IgE-mediated @entity5419 to sea urchin roe, a 118-kDa protein seemed to be the antigen responsible for the reaction.

title: XXXX to Paracentrotus lividus (sea urchin roe).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['Food allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very @entity101 during pregnancy poses a serious threat to @entity1 and their babies. Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure. Their comparative effects on other substantive outcomes, however, is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To compare different antihypertensive drugs for very @entity101 during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (28 February 2006) and CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 2). SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were randomised trials. @entity1 were @entity1 with severe @entity101 during pregnancy. Interventions were comparisons of one antihypertensive drug with another. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four trials (2949 @entity1 ) with 12 comparisons were included. @entity1 allocated @entity460 channel blockers rather than @entity2514 were less likely to have persistent high blood (five trials, 263 @entity1 ; 6% versus 18%; relative risk (RR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 0.70). @entity6009 was associated with more persistent @entity101 than @entity2514 (four trials, 200 @entity1 ; 27% versus 6%; RR 4.79, 95% CI 1.95 to 11.73), but fewer side-effects (three trials, 120 @entity1 ; RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.53) and a lower risk of @entity2102 (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Lowered Platelets) syndrome (one trial, 44 @entity1 , RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.81). @entity6555 was associated with a higher risk of @entity551 (one trial 90 @entity1 ; RR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.99) and caesarean section (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.02) than @entity6335 . Data were insufficient for reliable conclusions about other outcomes. The risk of persistent @entity101 was greater for @entity3931 compared to @entity2400 (two trials 1683 @entity1 ; 47% versus 65%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.93). @entity3931 was also associated with a higher risk of @entity3036 (RR 2.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.73) and respiratory difficulties (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.99), but fewer side-effects (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86) and less postpartum @entity548 (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.92) than @entity2400 . Stillbirths and neonatal deaths were not reported. There are insufficient data for reliable conclusions about the comparative effects of any other drugs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Until better evidence is available, the choice of antihypertensive should depend on the clinician's experience and familiarity with a particular drug, and on what is known about adverse effects. Exceptions are @entity6335 , @entity6009 , @entity3931 and @entity2400 , which are probably best avoided.

title: Drugs for treatment of very XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['Labetalol']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['high blood pressure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spasticity poststroke leads to @entity425 and soft tissue contracture, however, it is not clear how muscle properties change due this motor @entity2167 . The purpose was to compare medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture and mechanical properties of the plantarflexor muscles between @entity64 survivors with @entity508 and healthy subjects. METHODS: The study included 15 @entity64 survivors with ankle @entity508 and 15 healthy subjects. An isokinetic dynamometer was used for the evaluation of maximal isometric plantarflexor torque and images of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were obtained using ultrasonography. Images were collected at rest and during a maximum @entity2472 . RESULTS: The affected limb showed @entity146 (0.9      0.7  cm), @entity3656 , and reduced muscle thickness (0.095      0.010% of leg length and 1.18      0.20  cm, at rest) compared to contralateral (1.6      0.4  cm, 0.106      0.015% of leg length and 1.29      0.24  cm, respectively) and to healthy @entity1 (1.8      0.7  cm, 0.121      0.019% of leg length and 1.43      0.22  cm, respectively). The contralateral limb showed lower force (between 32 and 40%) and similar architecture parameters compared to healthy @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The affected limb had a different muscle architecture that appears to result in lower force production. The contralateral limb showed a decrease in force compared to healthy @entity1 due to the other @entity73 than muscle morphology. Spasticity likely leds to adaptations of muscle architecture in the affected limb and in force reductions in both limbs of @entity64 survivors.

title: Muscle architecture and torque production in XXXX survivors: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['shorter fascicle length']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['neural disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced fascicle excursion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neural impairments']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity900 , @entity1487 , and cetuximab is a standard treatment for @entity1 with recurrent/metastatic @entity135 , with a high rate of @entity137 . Identifying less toxic, equally effective regimens is imperative. Therefore, in the current study, the authors investigated first-line treatment with an all-oral regimen of @entity416 and @entity9433 . METHODS: @entity1 were required to have incurable @entity135 of any primary site other than the nasopharynx, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 to 2, and no prior exposure to @entity416 or @entity9433 . Subjects were treated with @entity416 at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily and @entity9433 at a dose of 1250 mg daily. @entity416 was administered for 14 days of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles. @entity9433 was administered daily until disease progression. The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 44 subjects were accrued between November 13, 2009 and April 29, 2014. Approximately 38.6% of the sample had an ECOG PS of 0, 52.3% had an ECOG PS of 1, and 9.1% had an ECOG PS of 2. Approximately 81.8% were male and the median age of the @entity1 was 62 years. Prior attempts at curative treatment with chemotherapy had been used in 68.2% of @entity1 ( @entity902 was used in 55.8%). There was no grade 5 @entity137 noted ( @entity137 was graded according to National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]). The most common adverse events were @entity294 (18.2% of @entity1 with grade 3) and @entity1910 (13.6% of @entity1 with grade 3). The primary objective was met; the median overall survival was 10.7 months (90% confidence interval [90% CI], 8.7-12.9 months). The overall response rate was 25% (90% CI, 15%-38%). The median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (90% CI, 3.6-5.1 months). The results were not substantially different when subdivided by @entity986 status. Only 2 @entity1 were positive for @entity1 @entity1722 by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The current study met its primary objective of survival comparable to the combination of @entity900 , @entity1487 and cetuximab regimen, and the @entity137 of this all-oral regimen was tolerable. @entity5 2016.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: XXXX and @entity9433 for the first-line treatment of metastatic/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib', 'Lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: Studies in motor timing have shown that the basal ganglia and cerebellum play an important role in temporal processing. Timing studies in @entity76 ( @entity76 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 contrast the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in motor timing. Here, we used a synchronization-continuation task to compare accuracy and variability of motor timing during repetitive tapping. We compared data collected for the present study - from @entity1 with @entity76 and healthy controls - to data from a previous study with @entity1 with @entity191 . We asked @entity1 to tap at Inter-stimulus Intervals (ISIs) of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ms. Using Linear Mixed Models (LMMs), we explored how ISI, Task Phase, and Diagnosis interacted to determine the (i) the accuracy and (ii) the variability of tapping. In our analysis of accuracy, we found evidence that during the synchronization phase, at ISI=250 ms, @entity76 @entity1 lagged 'behind the beat'; whereas our previous work has suggested that medicated @entity191 @entity1 hasten 'ahead of the beat'. In our analysis of variability, we observed that at ISIs below 1000 ms, @entity76 @entity1 showed greater variability in motor timing than the healthy controls, while @entity191 @entity1 showed less variability than @entity76 @entity1 and healthy controls during the synchronization phase at the 1000 ms ISI. These results highlight the differential performance on explicit motor timing between @entity1 with disorders of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Our results illustrate a novel approach to discerning cognitive control of motor timing.

title: Deciphering the impact of XXXX in accuracy and variability of motor timing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cerebellar/ataxic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar and basal ganglia dysfunction']