abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable animal model of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity603 . METHODS: Sixteen 6-week-old male SD @entity35 were classified into four groups, control group, occlusal dimension increase group, masseter resection group, occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group. The @entity35 in the occlusal dimension increase group were adhered composite resin to their maxillary molars in order to increase the occlusal vertical dimension when they were 9-week-old. The @entity35 in the masseter resection group were cut off their bilateral masseter muscles when they were 6-week-old. In the occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group, @entity35 ' bilateral masseter muscles were resected and occlusal vertical dimension was increased. All @entity35 were sacrificed at their 10 weeks old. @entity1348 samples were prepared for histology to evaluate the animal model. RESULTS: The control group showed non-inflammatory changes. The occlusal dimension increase group and the masseter resection group showed @entity384 and synovial lining proliferation, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to the two disposed groups, the occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group showed significant inflammatory changes (P < 0.05), including synovial lining proliferation, @entity384 and fibrin deposit. CONCLUSION: The animal model of @entity1348 created in the present investigation could simulate the real pathological features of @entity603 in vivo, and this animal model showed the obvious merits of high stability and reproduction.

title: [Establishment of animal model of XXXX @entity603 and its histological investigation].

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ synovitis', 'TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane covering (AMC) on the healing of @entity7944 and visual acuity for @entity364 after debridement. METHODS: Twenty @entity364 @entity1 were divided into two groups randomly, the AMC group and the control group, ten @entity1 each group. Both debridement of the infected @entity267 tissue and standard anti-fungus drugs treatments were given to every @entity1 , monolayer amniotic membrane were sutured to the surface of the entire @entity267 and bulbar conjunctiva with 10-0 nylon suture for @entity1 in the AMC group. The diameter of the @entity1066 was determined with slit lamp microscope and the depth of the infiltration was determined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was tested before surgery and three month after healing of the epithelial layer. The healing time of the @entity7944 , visual acuity (VA) was compared between the two groups using t-test. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference of the diameter of the @entity1066 , depth of the infiltration, height of the hypopyon and VA between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05). The average healing time of the AMC group was 6.89  2.98d, which was statistically shorter than that of the control group (10.23  2.78d) (P<0.05). The average UCVA of the AMC group was 0.138  0.083, which was statistically better than that of the control group (0.053  0.068) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AMC surgery could promote healing of @entity7944 after debridement for @entity364 and lead to better VA outcome.

title: Amniotic membrane covering promotes healing of @entity7944 and improves visual acuity after debridement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['cornea epithelium']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal keratitis']


abstract: The relationship between @entity171 (BP) and dental implant failure has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this retrospective radiographic study was to examine whether @entity1 who take BP are at greater risk of implant failure than @entity1 not using those agents. Treatment records of 362 consecutively treated @entity1 receiving endosseous dental implants were reviewed. The @entity1 population consisted of 227 @entity1 and 135 @entity1 with a mean age of 56 years (range: 17-87 years), treated in the University at Buffalo Postgraduate Clinic from 1997-2008. Demographic information collected included age, gender, smoking status, as well as systemic conditions and medication use. Implant characteristics reviewed included system, date of placement, date of follow-up radiographs, surgical complications, number of exposed threads, and implant failure. The relationship between BP and implant failure was analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis. Twenty-six @entity1 using BP received a total of 51 dental implants. Three implants failed, yielding success rates of 94.11% and 88.46% for the implant-based and subject-based analyses, respectively. Using the GEE statistical method we found a statistically significant (P = .001; OR = 3.25) association between the use of BP and implant thread exposure. None of the other variables studied were statistically associated with implant failure or thread exposure. In conclusion, @entity1 taking BP may be at higher risk for implant thread exposure.

title: Influence of XXXX on alveolar bone loss around osseointegrated implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: Spectral analysis of RR interval variability was performed in 35 ambulatory @entity1 with early @entity1121 ( @entity1121 , NYHA class I), 21 hospitalized @entity1 with advanced @entity1121 ( @entity1121 , NYHA class II or III), and 18 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 , NYHA class I, II or III). Twenty-nine ambulatory subjects (COTa) and 20 hospitalized volunteers (COTh) served as normal controls. The RR interval @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), the high-frequency power (HF: 0.15-0.40 Hz) corrected by the mean RR interval (CCVHF) and the normalized unit of the HF power (NUHF) served as markers of vagal modulation. Low-frequency power (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) corrected by the mean RR interval (CCVLF) and the normalized unit of LF power (NULF) were markers of sympathetic modulation. The LF/HF ratio was an index of sympathovagal balance. There was no significant difference in the @entity5494 , CCVHF, NUHF, CCVLF, NULF or the LF/HF ratio between the @entity1121 and COTa groups. At night, the @entity5494 was lower in the @entity1121 group relative to the COTh group (P < 0.01). The @entity1121 group demonstrated lower CCVHF and NUHF values (P < 0.01), higher NULF values (P < 0.01) and higher LF/HF ratios (P < 0.05) at night relative to the COTh group. Two @entity1 who later died suddenly in the @entity1121 group had markedly reduced CCVHF values (0.2-0.8%) relative to the survivors in the group (mean +/- @entity5494 in the morning, afternoon and night, 1.07 +/- 0.43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alterations of sympathovagal balance in @entity1 with hypertrophic and XXXX assessed by spectral analysis of RR interval variability.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCMh', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCMa', 'HCMh', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathies']


abstract: In @entity1315 , @entity410 initiate in or near the hippocampus, which frequently displays @entity528 , including inhibitory interneurons. It is unclear whether surviving interneurons function normally, are impaired, or develop compensatory mechanisms. We evaluated GABAergic interneurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus of @entity302 @entity2134 -treated GIN @entity19 , specifically a subpopulation of @entity1943 interneurons that expresses enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP). GFP-immunocytochemistry and stereological analyses revealed substantial loss of GFP-positive hilar neurons (GPHNs) but increased GFP-positive axon length per dentate gyrus in @entity302 @entity19 . Individual @entity18663 -labeled GPHNs in hippocampal slices from @entity302 @entity19 also had larger somata, more axon in the molecular layer, and longer dendrites than controls. Dual whole-cell patch recording was used to test for monosynaptic connections from hilar GPHNs to granule cells. Unitary IPSCs (uIPSCs) recorded in control and @entity302 @entity19 had similar average rise times, amplitudes, charge transfers, and decay times. However, the probability of finding monosynaptically connected pairs and evoking uIPSCs was 2.6 times higher in @entity302 @entity19 compared to controls. Together, these findings suggest that surviving hilar @entity1943 interneurons enlarge, extend dendrites, sprout axon collaterals in the molecular layer, and form new synapses with granule cells. These @entity302 -related changes in cellular morphology and connectivity may be mechanisms for surviving hilar interneurons to inhibit more granule cells and compensate for the loss of vulnerable interneurons.

title: Surviving hilar XXXX interneurons enlarge, sprout axons, and form new synapses with granule cells in a @entity19 model of @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neurons']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The management of @entity5 in @entity355 requires endoscopic resection of visible lesions, followed by radiofrequency ablation of the remaining @entity355 . We evaluated the safety and efficacy of combining endoscopic resection and focal radiofrequency ablation in a single endoscopic session in @entity1 with early @entity355 . METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with early @entity355 and a visible lesion undergoing combined endoscopic resection and focal radiofrequency in a single session. Consecutive ablation procedures were performed every 8 to 12 weeks until complete endoscopic and histological eradication of @entity1141 and @entity1944 was reached. RESULTS: 40 @entity1 were enrolled, with a median C1M2 Barrett segment, a visible lesion with a median diameter of 15 mm, and @entity189 in 68% of cases. Endoscopic resection was performed using the multiband mucosectomy technique in 80% of cases and for radiofrequency ablation the Barrx(90) catheter for focal ablation was used. When an intention-to-treat analysis was used, both complete remission of all @entity5 and @entity1944 were 95% after a median follow-up of 19 months. Stenoses occurred in 33% of cases, successfully managed with a median number of 2 dilations. In 43% of @entity1 one single session treatment session resulted in complete histological remission of @entity1944 . CONCLUSION: Combining endoscopic resection and focal radiofrequency ablation in a single session appears to be effective. Less-aggressive radiofrequency ablation regimens could limit the adverse event rates.

title: Single-session endoscopic resection and focal radiofrequency ablation for short-segment @entity355 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's neoplasia"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper reports our experience of a large series of @entity7105 trunk @entity1 accumulated over 12 years. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Extensive @entity439 of the ascending/arch and descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta are significant surgical problems that have potential for great morbidity. We adopted a staged approach known as the @entity7105 trunk procedure in 1991, and we have used it with some modifications since that time. METHODS: Between February 1991 and December 2003, we performed 1660 operations for ascending/arch or descending @entity2334 . Of these, 321 operations were performed in 218 @entity1 for extensive @entity439 with the @entity7105 trunk technique. We performed 218 ascending/arch repairs and 103 descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic replacements. RESULTS: In 218 ascending/arch repairs, @entity64 occurred in 3 of 218 (2.7%) @entity1 , with 1 of 187 (0.5%) in the retrograde cerebral perfusion group and 2 of 31 (6.5%) in the no-retrograde cerebral perfusion group (odds ratio 0.08, P < 0.009). Thirty-day mortality for this group was 19 of 218 (8.7%). Among 199 recovering @entity1 after stage 1 repair, 4 of 199 (2%) died during the 30-day to 6-week interval between stages. After stage 2 repair, 0 of 103 @entity1 experienced immediate @entity51 , and 10 of 103 (9.7%) died within 30 days of surgery. Actuarial survival after completed stage 2 was 71% at 5 years. CONCLUSION: Despite extreme underlying disease, long-term survival is excellent in @entity1 with extensive @entity439 when both stages of repair are completed. To prevent @entity397 , the second stage should be completed as soon as the @entity1 's condition permits, preferably within 6 weeks.

title: Staged repair of extensive aortic aneurysms: long-term experience with the XXXX trunk technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic/thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: Management of @entity5253 depends on an accurate diagnosis, identification and elimination of predisposing factors, and, often, use of antifungal agents. @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is considered a @entity75 of the oral mucosa, occurring as speckled or homogeneous white lesions. If the lesions are untreated, a minor proportion may become @entity6349 and progress to @entity189 . The traditional treatment of this lesion is based on the use of antifungal agents. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of 0.18% @entity10211 for treatment of @entity8701 -resistant candidiasis. @entity10211 was administered topically twice a day for one month to six @entity1 affected by @entity8701 -resistant @entity102 . In all six patients, daily antimycotic topical therapy with @entity8701 for 30 days had failed to resolve the @entity3136 . After one month of @entity10211 treatment, five of the six @entity1 were negative for Candida, whereas in untreated control @entity1 the situation was unchanged. Only one @entity1 with suspected @entity10632 was found to have @entity6923 15 days after the last administration of @entity10211 . None of the @entity1 had any complaints about the medication. These findings suggest that 0.18% @entity10211 applied twice a day for one month is able to suppress @entity8701 -resistant candidiasis.

title: XXXX : a pilot study of the efficacy of 0.18% @entity10211 .

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['candidal stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['oral Candida']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CHC', 'Chronic hyperplastic candidosis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic hyperplastic candidosis']


abstract: Ten @entity1 , eight males and two females, suffered @entity296 following acute @entity583 and required surgery. There were five @entity9009 , four @entity121 and one free wall @entity397 . @entity9009 was suspected clinically by the appearance of a new systolic murmur, usually associated with a thrill at the left sternal border. A @entity1002 was confirmed by bedside oximetry using a Swan-Ganz catheter. The mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was 3.04:1. Following cardiac catheterization all @entity1 underwent corrective surgery with or without aortocoronary bypass grafting. Three @entity1 with @entity583 died. @entity121 was suspected clinically following the abrupt onset of @entity551 with severe @entity3126 accompanied by a new systolic murmur. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. All underwent surgery for mitral valve replacement with or without aortocoronary bypass grafting. One @entity1 died postoperatively of @entity177 . Free wall @entity397 was suspected clinically by the sudden onset of @entity909 , @entity386 , junctional @entity1168 and severe @entity551 leading to electromechanical dissociation. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating a significant pericardial effusion by two dimensional echocardiography. Immediate surgery was performed. This @entity1 is totally asymptomatic on no drug treatment six months following discharge. Ten @entity1 underwent emergency surgery for @entity296 . Operative mortality was 40%. @entity1 with @entity9009 associated with an inferior @entity583 had a poor prognosis.

title: XXXX following acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial rupture']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular septal rupture', 'ventricular septal rupture', 'ventricular septal ruptures']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary muscle rupture', 'papillary muscle ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial rupture']


abstract: @entity12950 , integral components of the cell cycle drive machinery consisting of @entity10610 and p33cdk2 cyclin-dependent kinases and their regulatory kinases and phosphatases, were detected in @entity1 leukemic MOLT-4 cells and in mitogen-stimulated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes immunocytochemically, using commercially available antibodies. Flow cytometric bivariate analysis of DNA content and cyclin B or E made it possible to correlate expression of these proteins in individual cells with their position in the cycle, without the necessity for cell synchronization. In both cell systems, cyclin B was expressed almost exclusively in G2 and M cells: cells in G1 and throughout most of S phase, were negative. Cells arrested in G2 by gamma radiation or the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor m-AMSA for up to 4 h, had very high levels of cyclin B. Cells arrested in metaphase by @entity5713 also strongly expressed cyclin B, although to a lesser degree than cells arrested in G2. Expression of cyclin E was maximal in late G1 and in early S, while its expression progressively decreased during the remainder of S phase. Two compartments of the G1 phase, @entity16079 and G1B representing cells that were cyclin E negative and positive, respectively, were discriminated. The kinetics of cell exit from @entity16079 , under conditions of stathmokinesis induced by @entity5713 , showed a stochastic component; the half-time of MOLT-4 cell residence in @entity16079 was 5.6 h. Nonstimulated (G0) lymphocytes did not express cyclin E; their stimulation by phytohemagglutinin led to the appearance of a subpopulation of cyclin E positive cells as early as 18 h after addition of the mitogen. Maximal expression of cyclin E occurred in G1 lymphocytes just prior to cell entrance to S, and in early S phase cells. Thus, expression of cyclin E can be used as a marker of lymphocyte stimulation (G0 to G1 transition). The combined use of cyclin B and E antibodies can identify late G1, S and G2+M cells, and thus it may be applied to measure the fraction of cycling cells in cell populations, e.g. the @entity5 growth fraction.

title: Expression of cyclins-B and cyclins-e in individual molt-4 cells and in stimulated XXXX -lymphocytes during their progression through the cell-cycle.

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Feeding of lead @entity6445 to @entity35 causes widespread and reproducible segmental de- and remyelination of myelinated fibers (MFs) of peripheral nerve. @entity17 might be explained by increased permeability of endoneurial capillaries to serum containing protein-bound lead. The perineurium of control and lead nerves was impermeable to @entity941 -labeled @entity291 albumin (FBA) and to @entity3699 ( @entity3699 ). @entity2478 in both conditions allowed @entity3699 to pass freely between and, to a lesser extent, through endothelial cells. Confirming earlier work, endoneurial capillaries of control @entity35 did not appear to allow @entity3699 to pass between endothelial cells, but allowed some to pass by pinocytosis through endothelial cells where it was taken up by macrophages. Contrary to expectation, flooding of the endoneurium with @entity3699 was seen in only 1 of 36 tissue blocks of lead nerves from @entity35 fed 4% lead @entity6445 for 7 1/2 and 12 weeks. Abundant @entity3699 reaction product was seen in the epineurium in more than half of these tissue blocks. @entity3699 was not generally found in endoneurial fluid, even in lead nerves with marked @entity4 and @entity1347 . These findings are against a massive @entity1503 barrier, so that @entity3699 passes freely into the endoneurium between endoneurial endothelial cells. It was our impression that @entity3699 reaction product was slightly increased in endoneurial endothelial cells and macrophages of lead nerves as compared to control nerves. These studies suggest that there may be an increased transfer of @entity3699 through endoneurial cells in @entity16 . The studies do not provide additional evidence that an altered blood nerve barrier is involved in the development of @entity17 in @entity16 .

title: Blood nerve barrier in @entity35 and cellular mechanisms of lead-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['segmental demyelination', 'Such segmental demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity3699 :: ('MESH:C563206', 'Disease') :: ['HRP', 'horseradish peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Epineurial capillaries']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['widespread segmental de- and remyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['lead neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['breakdown of the blood nerve']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['segmental demyelination']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The role of the inducible isoform of @entity842 synthase ( @entity13633 or @entity13633 ) in intestinal tumorigenesis is unclear. Conflicting data also exist regarding the ability of @entity13633 to modulate expression and/or activity of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ), which promotes intestinal tumorigenesis. Therefore, we determined the effect of a null @entity13633 genotype on intestinal tumorigenesis and @entity1996 expression/activity in the Apc(Min/+) @entity19 model of @entity1412 . METHODS: Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (-/-) @entity19 were generated by successive crosses between C57BL/6-Apc(Min/+) and C57BL/6- @entity13633 (tm1Lau) @entity19 . @entity652 characteristics of age-matched Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (+/+) and Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (-/-) @entity19 were compared. The level and cellular localization of @entity13633 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (+/+) @entity19 intestine was determined. @entity1996 expression and activity were measured in both intestinal tissue and bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. RESULTS: Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (-/-) @entity19 developed significantly more @entity652 than Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (+/+) littermates. Epithelial cell @entity13633 mRNA expression was decreased in @entity652 compared with histologically normal Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (+/+) intestine. There was no significant difference in @entity1996 expression or activity in either intestine or bone marrow-derived macrophages from Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (+/+) and Apc(Min/+) @entity13633 (-/-) animals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13633 plays an antineoplastic role in the Apc(Min/+) @entity19 model of @entity1412 . @entity13633 does not modulate @entity1996 expression or activity in the Apc(Min/+) @entity19 .

title: Lack of inducible XXXX synthase promotes intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc(Min/+) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenomas', 'intestinal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The influx of @entity815 , @entity2340 , @entity368 , and @entity376 across the blood-brain barrier of individual brain structures was studied in @entity35 7--8 weeks after a portacaval shunt or sham operation. The method involved a brief infusion of labeled @entity535 in tracer quantity and quantitative autoradiography. The clearance rates of @entity815 , @entity2340 , and @entity368 were increased in proportion to each other in every region examined, but not by the same factor. @entity2340 clearance increased the most (about 200%) and @entity368 the least (about 30%), compared with @entity815 (about 80%). This was unexpected, as all three @entity1522 are believed to be transported by the same mechanism. The changes were most marked in several limbic structures and the reticular formation, whereas the hypothalamus was least affected. Plasma clearance of @entity376 was decreased in all areas by about 70%. Since the circulating @entity376 concentration was decreased by 13%, the actual rate of @entity376 influx was even more reduced. The results demonstrate specific alterations in two different @entity535 transport systems. The resulting excess brain neutral @entity1522 , some of which are neurotransmitter precursors, as well as reduced basic @entity535 availability, may be of etiological significance in @entity75 .

title: Regional blood-brain barrier permeability to XXXX after portacaval anastomosis.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['heptic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: In the literature it is generally assumed that @entity1211 within the radicular veins is prevented by the presence of bicuspid valves and narrowing of the transdural part of these vessels. Recently, we performed a @entity1 cadaver study of the internal vertebral venous plexus. Surprisingly, a large number of radicular and perimedullary veins appeared to be filled with @entity10725 CY 221 mixture, after injection of this material into the vertebral venous system, implicating reflux via the radicular veins and suggesting insufficiency of the presumed anti-reflux mechanism. Therefore, it was decided to study the radicular veins in order to determine and to investigate the presence or absence of anti-reflux mechanisms within this system. The vertebral venous systems of ten fresh @entity1 cadavers, between 64 and 93 years of age, were injected with @entity10725 CY 221 mixture. After polymerization, all cadavers were dissected and the spinal nerve sheaths, including nerve roots, radicular veins and epidural veins, were excised as a whole. After macroscopical examination, serial sections (40 microm) were cut on a freezing microtome and stained in Von Gieson medium. Every third section was stained immunohistochemically with @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), to visualize smooth muscle cells. In all cadavers, a number of intradural radicular veins was filled with @entity10725 . Employing microscopical examination, no bicuspid valves were found. However, four structures were encountered that might serve as ananti-reflux-mechanism: 1) intravenous dural folds, 2) meandrous configuration, and 3) narrowing of the radicular veins at the point of penetration of the dura mater, and 4) varying numbers of smooth muscle fibers in the walls of the intradural and extradural parts of the radicular veins. Reflux via the radicular veins seems to be a physiological phenomenon. Structural valves have not been encountered during this study. Intravenous dural folds, meandrous configuration and narrowing of the transdural part of the radicular veins, and the presence of large numbers of smooth muscle cells in the radicular venous walls suggest the existence of a dynamic reflux-regulating system that has the ability to increase the intravascular resistance under conditions of venous hyperpression, in order to protect the spinal cord from venous pressure waves. Possibly, @entity1211 via the radicular veins has a role in selective cooling of the spinal cord.

title: @entity1 radicular veins: regulation of XXXX in the absence of valves.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle antigen', 'SMA']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous reflux']


abstract: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with acute, isolated @entity583 were evaluated with two dimensional echocardiography. Satisfactory echocardiograms were obtained in 66 @entity1 (73 percent). All @entity1 were studied 2 to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Sixty @entity1 had additional studies at 48 and 72 hours. Long axis views were obtained at the base, body and apex of the left ventricle. Five short axis views of the left ventricle were obtained at different levels from the cardiac base to the apex. The individual short axis views, corrected for the end-diastolic internal diameter of the left ventricle, were divided into equal segments and the area of asynergy in each view was estimated. @entity1188 localization was similar on electrocardiography and echocardiography in 62 of 66 @entity1 . In two dimensional echocardiography in one @entity1 . The results of an echocardiographic study in one @entity1 were false negative. During the study period the individual asynergic area remained stable. The initial asynergic area correlated well (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01) with the peak value of the isoenzyme of @entity908 kinase (CK-MB), which occurred hours later. Thus, two dimensional echocardiography is a reliable method to localize and quantify, early after the onset of symptoms, the eventual extent of @entity296 in @entity1 with acute, @entity1188 .

title: Detection and quantification of acute, isolated XXXX by two dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'isolated infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Three cases of primary @entity5 fulfilling the clinical and histological criteria of @entity1893 are presented. As is typical, they occurred in young @entity1 , aged 15, 17, and 22 years, and were composed of lipid-laden pleomorphic cells with frequent bizarre multinucleated forms and a prominent reticulin network. However, subsequent immunohistochemistry, further histological review, and clinical follow-up suggest that these @entity5 were different entities. In one case the @entity5 cells were negative for @entity538 but positive with a panel of histiocytic markers. The lesion, which extended rapidly and caused @entity204 within 6 months, was assumed to be a true meningeal @entity82 . The remaining two cases were positive for @entity538 ( @entity538 ) and @entity4483 protein. One of these was mitotically active, contained areas of @entity39 and @entity455 , and also led rapidly to @entity204 . This, we concluded, was a @entity463 . The third case showed little mitotic activity and the @entity1 remains well; this is probably a true @entity1893 . These results indicate that @entity5 with light-microscopic appearance of @entity1893 require detailed immunohistochemical investigation. Only those lesions with low mitotic activity and undoubted evidence of glial origin should be accepted as true @entity1893 . Extensive @entity39 in a @entity5 with @entity538 -positive, lipid-rich cells indicates a lipidised @entity463 , while positive histiocytic immunocytochemistry should suggest a @entity82 .

title: XXXX . Immunohistochemical methods for differentiation from @entity82 with similar morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular proliferation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']


abstract: This study in @entity235 addresses itself to the endocrine function of the duct-obliterated left pancreatic lobe (body and tail), which is the portion of the pancreas used for segmental transplantation. The endocrine function was determined with intravenous (i.v.) @entity413 tolerance tests and expressed in K-values and @entity9959 -response curves. Duct obliteration of the nontransplanted left lobe was associated with normal K-values in the presence of the unmodified right lobe, but with reduced K-values in its absence. Removal of the left lobe while leaving the right lobe untouched was not associated with reduced K-values, but duct obliteration of the whole pancreas was. When the duct-obliterated left lobe was transplanted onto the iliac vessels (segmental autografts), K-values were reduced when compared with the unmodified situation, but were significantly higher than with nontransplanted, duct-obliterated left lobes. @entity9959 -response curves of nontransplanted, duct-obliterated segments differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the unmodified situation, but @entity9959 -response curves of duct-obliterated segmental autografts showed only qualitative differences with the unmodified situation. It is concluded that duct obliteration rather than the absence of the right lobe is the predominant cause of reduced @entity413 tolerance with duct-obliterated left pancreatic lobes. It is suggested that duct obliteration affects the endocrine pancreas both in a qualitative and quantitative fashion. The qualitative effect is similarly demonstrable with segmental autografts and nontransplanted segments, but the quantitative effect is largely dissolved with autografting by virtue of caval as opposed to portal venous drainage.

title: The effects of duct obliteration and of autotransplantation on the endocrine function of XXXX pancreatic segments.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The effects of three different priming doses of @entity3369 on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and endotracheal intubation conditions were investigated. Forty-two @entity1 were studied in two parts. In each part, 21 @entity1 were allocated into three groups (n = 7/group) receiving 10, 15, or 20 micrograms/kg @entity3369 as a priming dose, followed by a 50- micrograms/kg intubating dose 6 min later. In Part I, @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratios and serum concentrations after priming were measured every minute up to the sixth minute. Onset time [from injection of the intubating dose to maximum @entity308 of the first twitch (T1)], clinical duration (T1 return from maximum block to 25% of control), and recovery index (T1 recovery from 25% to 75% of control) were calculated and serum concentrations were determined up to 6 h after injection of the intubating dose. In Part II, the intubating dose was injected 4 min after priming, onset time was determined, and intubation conditions were scored. @entity3370 ratio was significantly lower after priming with 20 micrograms/kg at the fifth and sixth minutes (0.59 +/- 0.29 and 0.56 +/- 0.32; mean +/- 1 SD) compared with the first minute (0.95 +/- 0.1). Recovery index was significantly increased after priming with 20 micrograms/kg (13.2 +/- 6.6 min, P < 0.05) compared with 10 micrograms/kg (9.2 +/- 4.8 min) and 15 micrograms/kg (6.7 +/- 1.5 min). Between groups no differences in onset time, clinical duration, and pharmacokinetic variables were found. In Part II, onset time and intubating scores showed no significant differences between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and intubation conditions after priming with three different doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['Train-of-Four', 'TOF']

answer: @entity3369 :: (MESH:D014673,Chemical) :: ['vecuronium']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity1 immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase-catalyzed strand transfer synthesis (i.e. switching of the primer to a new template) from internal regions of natural sequence RNA was investigated. The system consisted of a 142- @entity377 RNA template (donor) primed with a specific 20- @entity377 DNA oligonucleotide used to initiate synthesis. DNA oligonucleotides with homology to internal regions of the donor were used as acceptor templates. In reactions performed in the absence of acceptor template, a prominent DNA synthesis product 75 @entity2036 in length resulting from pausing DNA synthesis within the homology zone was observed. Prominent donor RNA degradation products of 47 or 54 @entity2036 were also observed, in reactions with 80 or 150 mM @entity4338 , respectively. The lengths indicated a potential 13- or 20- @entity377 long, respectively, complementary region between the DNA and RNAs. The 54-, but not the 47-, @entity377 RNA was susceptible to @entity526 RNase H, indicating that the DNA was annealed only to the 54-mer. When acceptor was added, a portion of the 75- @entity377 DNA was chased into transfer product at both salt concentrations, and a portion of the 54-mer RNA became resistant to @entity526 RNase H. Evidently, this donor RNA was annealed to the 75- @entity377 long DNA but could be actively displaced by the acceptor. Overall, these observations support two mechanisms for transfer. In one, the pause site-specific DNA dissociates from the donor template before transferring. In the other, the acceptor actively displaces the DNA from the donor.

title: The mechanism of XXXX immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase-catalyzed strand transfer from internal regions of heteropolymeric RNA templates.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Daily physical activity (PA) may be an excellent tool for the maintenance of bone health in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association between physical capacity and activity and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in young adults with @entity1577 . A secondary goal was to evaluate @entity174 in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 @entity1 with @entity1577 who were clinically stable and aged > 16 years but not lung transplant recipients. PA was quantified with a portable motion monitor (BodyMedia Fit Armband). Cardiopulmonary exercise and 6-min walk tests were used to assess exercise capacity. @entity79 was obtained from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar column, hip, and whole body. To analyze @entity174 and @entity85 , we performed the Genant and Cobb methods. RESULTS: Daily PA time at low (3-4.8 metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]) and moderate (4.8-7.2 METs) intensity, respectively, was correlated with Z score ( @entity79 ) of the lumbar column (r = 0.36, P < .01 and r = 0.59, P < .001), the neck of femur (r = 0.51, P < .001 and r = 0.72, P < .001), and the total hip (r = 0.54, P < .001 and r = 0.74, P < .001). PA, BMI, age, and sex were predictors of @entity79 . @entity174 correlated with @entity1513 (r = 0.42, P = .02), but not with @entity79 . @entity1 who were mildly and severely affected differed in @entity174 rate and @entity1513 prevalence (P = .002 and P = .013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most active @entity1 with better exercise capacity had higher @entity79 . Those with more affected pulmonary function had a greater prevalence of @entity174 and @entity1513 .

title: Bone health, daily physical activity, and exercise tolerance in XXXX with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between serum levels of @entity14257 ( @entity14282 ) and functional recovery after hip @entity174 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital in Italy. @entity1 : A total of 350 white hip- @entity174 @entity1 consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. Thirty-five @entity1 were excluded because their hip @entity174 was caused by major @entity130 or @entity5 affecting the bone or they could not complete rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 underwent @entity14282 assessment at a mean +/- standard deviation of 21.3+/-8.1 days after the hip @entity174 . Functional recovery was evaluated by using Barthel Index scores. RESULTS: Low levels of @entity14282 were found (median, 6.9 ng/mL). By using the Spearman rank correlation test, a significant positive correlation was observed between serum @entity14282 and Barthel Index score assessed on admission (rho=.218, P <.001) and discharge (rho=.198, P <.001), but not with the change in Barthel Index score attributable to rehabilitation. Linear multiple regression showed that the association between @entity14282 and Barthel Index score was independent of 11 confounding variables: age, sex, @entity6227 , @entity73 , @entity16 , @entity281 , time between @entity174 occurrence and @entity14282 evaluation, comorbidity, surgical procedure type, and previous @entity173 . CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, serum @entity14282 was an independent predictor of functional recovery assessed by Barthel Index score after hip @entity174 but not of the change in the functional score resulting from rehabilitation.

title: Serum levels of XXXX and functional recovery after hip @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['hip-fracture type, pressure ulcers']

answer: @entity14257 :: (MESH:C104450,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health policy in the UK has rapidly diverged since devolution in 1999. However, there is relatively little comparative data available to examine the impact of this natural experiment in the four UK countries. The Quality and Outcomes Framework of the 2004 General Medical Services Contract provides a new and potentially rich source of comparable clinical quality data through which we compare quality of primary medical care for @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity64 , @entity101 and @entity6 across the four UK countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken involving 10,064 general practices in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The main outcome measures were prevalence rates for @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity101 and @entity6 . Achievement on 14 simple process, 3 complex process, 9 intermediate outcome and 5 treatment indicators for the four clinical areas. RESULTS: Prevalence varies by up to 28% between the four UK countries, which is not reflected in resource distribution between countries, and penalises practices in the high prevalence countries (Wales and Scotland). Differences in simple process measures across countries are small. Larger differences are found for complex process, intermediate outcome and treatment measures, most notably for Wales, which has consistently lower quality of care. Scotland has generally higher quality than England and Northern Ireland is most consistently the highest quality. CONCLUSION: Previously identified weaknesses in Wales related to waiting times appear to reflect a more general quality problem within NHS Wales. Identifying explanations for the observed differences is limited by the lack of comparable data on practice resources and organisation. Maximising the value of cross-jurisdictional comparisons of the ongoing natural experiment of health policy divergence within the UK requires more detailed examination of resource and organisational differences.

title: Differences in the quality of primary medical care for CVD and XXXX across the NHS: evidence from the quality and outcomes framework.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Normal function of the gastrointestinal tract involves the coordinated activity of several cell types @entity1 disorders of motor function of the gastrointestinal tract are often associated with changes in the number of these cells. For example, in @entity6 @entity1 , abnormalities in gastrointestinal transit are associated with changes in nerves and @entity8302 ( @entity8302 ), two key cells that generate and regulate motility. @entity8302 are cells of mesenchymal origin that function as pacemakers and amplify neuronal signals in the gastrointestinal tract. Quantifying the changes in number of specific cell types in tissues from @entity1 with @entity1319 is challenging and requires immunolabeling for specific antigens. The shape of nuclei differs between the cell types in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine whether cell nuclei can be classified by analyzing the 3D morphology of the nuclei. Furthermore, the orientation of the long @entity2270 of nuclei changes within and between the muscle layers. These features can be used to classify and differentially label the nuclei in confocal volume images of the tissue by computing the principal @entity2270 of the coordinates of the set of voxels forming each nucleus and thereby to identify cells by their nuclear morphology. Using this approach, we were able to separate and quantify nuclei in the smooth muscle layers of the tissue. Therefore we conclude that computer-aided classification of cell nuclei can be used to identify changes in the cell types expressed in gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

title: Computer aided classification of cell nuclei in the gastrointestinal tract by volume and principal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'interstitial cells of Cajal']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: @entity8313 and @entity1769 were compared for their efficacy, tolerance, and safety in the prevention of @entity1209 induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . Previously untreated @entity1 about to receive at least 2 cycles of identical chemotherapy were entered into a study using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. @entity1 were given either 250 mg of @entity1667 or 10 mg of @entity1769 intravenously before the first cycle of chemotherapy and were then crossed over to receive the alternate medication before the second cycle of chemotherapy. @entity6916 was prescribed in both cycles for postchemotherapy @entity1209 . After each treatment cycle @entity1 recorded the degree of @entity390 , drowsiness and @entity148 , the number of episodes of @entity391 experienced, and the amount of @entity6916 taken. After the second treatment cycle @entity1 recorded their preference for either the first or the second antiemetic medication with respect to @entity390 , @entity391 , and overall effectiveness. Of 157 @entity1 entered into the study, 115 were fully appraisable. @entity1667 was superior to @entity1769 in preventing @entity1209 and in decreasing @entity148 and the amount of @entity6916 used. A majority of the @entity1 expressing a preference preferred @entity1667 to @entity1769 for control of @entity390 (p = 0.003), control of @entity391 (p = 0.0006), and overall effectiveness (p = 0.00004). There were few side-effects. We conclude that @entity1667 may have some utility as an antiemetic in @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, and who are treated as outpatients.

title: Superiority of XXXX over low dose @entity1769 in the prevention of @entity1209 produced by @entity5 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone', 'methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['Prochlorperazine', 'prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity8313 :: (MESH:D008776,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone sodium succinate']


abstract: Between 1979 and 1986, 60 @entity1 underwent a total of 62 revascularizations of the internal carotid artery with an expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) bypass. In 54 cases, the indication for surgery was the presence of extensive lesions in both the internal and common carotid arteries and, in 8 cases, a late complication of a previous surgical procedure. There were no early postoperative @entity204 (within 30 days). Three @entity1 (5%) experienced @entity16 . Two complications resolved completely whereas one left minimal residua. The bypasses remained patent in all three cases. All @entity1 had early postoperative Doppler B-mode ultrasonography. Two early occlusions (3.2%) were disclosed but the @entity1 remained symptom-free. Four neurologic complications were observed over long-term (average 23 months) follow-up. None were related to the operated carotid artery. There were no cases of @entity432 . No @entity154 were observed on late follow-up ultrasound studies. These favorable results support the use of ePTFE as a reliable substitute when adequate autologous saphenous vein is not available for carotid bypass. Routine utilization might be indicated in cases of long bypasses, especially when it is necessary to implant the bypass on the ascending aorta, or when the proximal site of implantation is made on a thickened arterial wall.

title: XXXX bypass for revascularization of the atherosclerotic internal carotid artery: late results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic or morphologic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['infection or late occlusion']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['Polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: From 1988 to 1990 chronic @entity1563 were treated with a newly developed slowly rotating angioplasty system (ROTACS), which is designed for atraumatic passage of @entity432 . In all 152 @entity1 (mean age 55 years, ranging from 29 to 78 years) attempts to recanalize the @entity1563 with conventional guidewire systems had failed. In 74/152 @entity1 the age of the @entity432 could be estimated because of a previous angiogram or clinical event. It ranged from 1-192 months (median 6 months, mean value 14 months; in 20% of @entity1 it was 1-3, in 37% 4-6, in 28% 7-12, and in 15% greater than 12 months). The @entity432 was localized in the right coronary artery (RCA) in 86 cases, in the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) in 37 cases, and in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery in 17 cases. Eleven bypass occlusions were treated. One @entity1 had a @entity3980 and @entity1563 . Out of 152 @entity1 84 could be recanalized. The success rate rose with experience from 30% to 60%. It was 55% in the @entity3980 , 52% in the RCA, 70% in the circumflex branch, and 63% in bypass grafts. The success rate in relation to the age of the @entity432 was 93% in occlusions of 1-3 month duration, 74% in occlusions of 4-6 months duration, 52% in occlusions of 6-12 months duration, and 8% in occlusions older than 12 months. Seventy-six of the successfully treated @entity1 underwent follow-up angiography after 4 months. In 56/76 (74%) the vessel remained open. Twenty-two @entity1 (29%) had @entity256 that was successfully dilated in 21 @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 (26%) had reocclusion. Thus, the angiographically determined long-term success rate was 72%. Emergency operation was necessary in two @entity1 in whom reopening of the @entity3980 was attempted although the @entity432 was located directly at the take-off of the @entity3980 from the left main. Since this type of @entity432 was consequently considered a contraindication, no further serious complications occurred. There was one @entity583 , no @entity204 , no vessel wall perforation or other complications in the 152 @entity1 . It is concluded that low speed ROTACS is a safe technique that can be applied in chronic @entity1563 even if the duration of @entity432 exceeds 6 months.

title: Recanalization of chronic XXXX by low speed rotational angioplasty (ROTACS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['RCA occlusion', 'coronary occlusion', 'coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstructions', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity5874 ( @entity5874 ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, mediates a broad spectrum of biological processes, including ovarian growth and ovulation. Recently, we found that an endogenous @entity5874 ligand (ITE) can inhibit @entity43 proliferation and migration via the @entity5874 . Here, we tested whether @entity1300 ( @entity1300 , an exogenous @entity5874 ligand) may exert similar @entity43 activities using @entity1 @entity43 and non-cancerous @entity1 ovarian surface epithelial cells. METHODS: Two @entity1 @entity43 cell lines (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3) and one @entity1 ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE-385) were used. Cell proliferation and migration activities were determined using crystal violet and FluoroBlok insert system assays, respectively. @entity5874 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. Expression of @entity15223 ( @entity4187 ) and member B1 ( @entity4188 ) mRNA was assessed by qPCR. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knock down @entity5874 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity1300 dose-dependently suppressed @entity1 cell proliferation, with a maximum effect (~70  % reduction) at 100 nM. However, @entity1300 did not affect SKOV-3 and IOSE-385 cell proliferation and migration. The estimated IC50 of @entity1300 for inhibiting @entity1 cell proliferation was 4.6 nM. At 10 nM, @entity1300 time-dependently decreased @entity5874 protein levels, while it significantly increased @entity4187 and @entity4188 mRNA levels in SKOV-3, @entity1 and IOSE-385 cells, indicating activation of @entity5874 signaling. siRNA-mediated @entity5874 knockdown readily blocked @entity1300 -mediated suppression of @entity1 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity1300 can suppress @entity1 @entity43 cell proliferation via the @entity5874 signaling pathway and that @entity1300 exhibits an anti-proliferative activity in at least a subset of @entity1 @entity43 cells.

title: XXXX ( @entity1300 ) inhibits @entity1 @entity43 cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['anti-ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5874 :: ('196', 'Gene') :: ['AhR', 'aryl hydrocarbon receptor']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

answer: @entity1300 :: (MESH:D013749,Chemical) :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']


abstract: To evaluate the carcinogenic potential from occupational exposure to @entity3321 ( @entity11240 ), a retrospective cohort mortality study of workers employed in the dry cleaning industry was conducted among 1,690 workers from four labor unions. The majority of the cohort had potential exposure to petroleum solvents as well as to PCE while working in the dry cleaning industry. Mortality from primary @entity96 was of particular interest, due to the findings of excess @entity96 in @entity19 exposed to PCE. Other sites of @entity5 were also of interest. A total of 493 deaths were observed, whereas 575.5 were expected based on US mortality rates. Mortality from all @entity5 combined was greater than expected (142 observed v 122.9 expected). No deaths due to @entity96 were observed. @entity3484 was the only specific site where there was a statistically significant excess in observed deaths (12 observed v 4.7 expected). There was some consistency in these findings across the four individual unions and across race/sex groups. A subcohort of workers who were employed only in dry cleaning shops that used PCE as their primary solvent was identified from the union records. There was only one death from @entity3484 , whereas 1.3 deaths were expected in this subcohort.

title: Retrospective cohort mortality study of dry cleaner workers using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract cancer', 'urinary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'cancer of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity3321 :: (MESH:D013750,Chemical) :: ['perchloroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to describe the prevalence of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and controls using the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and to analyze the relationships between @entity146 with specific neuropsychological tests. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 485 @entity1 from the Memory Unit in Cruces Hospital (Spain), 344 met the criteria of NINCDS-ADRDA for probable @entity195 (99 were classified as mild and 245 @entity19354 ), 91 for @entity73 and 50 were controls. Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and CDR (Clinical @entity303 Rating) were used to evaluate global cognitive function and to classify the severity of @entity73 . The neuropsychological test battery included memory test, @entity8408 and daily living scales. The 12-items Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) version was used to assess @entity146 . All @entity1 underwent a neuroimaging study (CT scan and/or MRI). @entity1 were not treated with antidementia or psychotropic drugs. RESULTS: Apathy and @entity308 were more prevalent @entity146 in moderate-severe @entity195 (78.4% and 44.1%, respectively), mild @entity195 (64.6% and 41.4%, respectively) and @entity73 (50.5% and 33%, respectively) @entity1 than in controls (6% and 8%, respectively). The prevalence and the mean scores of all symptoms increased along the severity of the disease, except for sleep and @entity1277 . In @entity1 with mild @entity195 a relationship was found between the presence of @entity146 and RDRS-2 scale (p = 0.003); and between @entity146 and RDRS-2 (p = 0.029) and SS-IQCODE scales (p = 0.039) in moderate-severe @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 were more prevalent in @entity195 and @entity73 @entity1 than in controls. In @entity195 and @entity73 @entity1 @entity308 were the most prevalent @entity146 . The prevalence and the mean scores of all symptoms gradually increased along the severity of the disease, except for sleep and @entity1277 . We have no found a relationship between neuropsycological test and the presence of @entity146 , but in @entity1 with mild and moderate-severe @entity195 there is a relationship with daily living scales.

title: Prevalence of @entity146 in XXXX and @entity195 , and its relationship with @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['apathy and depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'Neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'MCI', 'amnestic mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['verbal fluency, visuoespatial skills']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity19354 :: ('MESH:C565640', 'Disease') :: ['as moderate-severe']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: The turnover and pool size of surfactant has been studied in animals, but there is little similar information in @entity1 . In the present investigation lung effluent phospholipids were studied in 29 small preterm @entity1 with severe @entity4290 . Thirteen were treated with mechanical ventilation, and 16 additionally received natural @entity1 surfactant. The first dose (60 mg surfactant/kg body wt) was given between 2 and 10 h of age, and the surfactant was given again if there was an insufficient response. Together 260 aspirates, recovered during routine suctioning of the airways, were analyzed for phospholipids. @entity3634 , present only in exogenous surfactant, was used as a specific marker to estimate the apparent pool size and the half-life of surfactant phospholipid. In addition, the saturated @entity2434 / @entity4291 ratios were correlated with the ventilatory index (mean airway pressure X fractional inspiratory @entity26 /arterial @entity26 tension). There was a linear correlation between the ventilatory index and the saturated @entity2434 / @entity4291 (r approximately -0.70) but no consistent correlation between the ventilatory index and the amount of phospholipids in the aspirate. The saturated @entity2434 / @entity4291 ratio increased during the surfactant-induced remission of @entity1576 , decreased during the recovery. The control @entity1 tended to have lower saturated @entity2434 / @entity4291 ratios during the first week than the surfactant-treated @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of surfactant substitution on lung effluent phospholipids in respiratory distress syndrome: evaluation of surfactant phospholipid turnover, pool size, and the relationship to severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: Inflammatory stimuli suppress constitutive hepatic expression of the @entity11042 and @entity13233 genes in male and female @entity35 livers, respectively. We have shown previously that injection of interleukin-1 (IL1), but not @entity568 ( @entity568 ), to female @entity35 also suppresses @entity13233 . In the present study, we examined the effects of these cytokines on @entity13233 expression in @entity35 hepatocyte cultures, and their in vivo effects on expression of multiple @entity1447 (P450) gene products in male @entity35 livers. IL1 suppressed the expression of @entity13233 mRNA and protein in hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel in the presence of @entity11249 . No consistent effect of @entity568 was observed. Maximal suppression of @entity13233 mRNA after 24 h of IL1 treatment reached 12 and 32% of control levels in two separate experiments. The approximate ED50 for IL1 was 5 ng/ml. @entity13233 protein was suppressed to 28% of control levels as early as 12 h after IL1 treatment. Injection of IL1, low doses of @entity619 , or both, in male @entity35 produced decreases in total P450, and in @entity12284 and @entity11042 mRNA and protein expression similar to effects previously seen for @entity13233 expression in females. @entity11920 mRNA and protein was significantly suppressed only by the combination of IL1 and @entity619 . @entity568 treatment of male @entity35 down-regulated the @entity11042 and @entity11920 mRNAs at a dose of 4.5 micrograms/kg, which was lower than that required to induce @entity14997 mRNA, a prototype acute phase gene product. @entity11042 protein content of the microsomes was also decreased by @entity568 treatment, with a slower time-course than for suppression of its mRNA. No significant effects of @entity568 treatment were seen on @entity12284 mRNA or @entity12284 /1 proteins. These results demonstrate that IL1 and @entity568 treatments in vivo differentially affect subsets of P450 gene products in @entity35 liver.

title: Selective suppression of @entity1447 gene expression by interleukins 1 and 6 in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tourniquets are often used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to improve visualization of structures, shorten operative time, reduce @entity954 , and improve cementing technique. Despite these advantages, controversy remains regarding the safety of tourniquet use. Tourniquets have been associated with nerve @entity912 , @entity1317 , and @entity121 . Some have hypothesized they may also cause @entity1150 . Last, increased incidence of @entity260 has been reported with use of tourniquets. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine whether tourniquet use in TKA in @entity1 with preexisting radiographic evidence of @entity455 increases the risk for wound complications or @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). @entity1 (N = 373) were placed in 2 groups: One had no preoperative radiographic evidence of knee @entity729 (n = 285), and the other had arterial @entity730 (n = 88). Overall, @entity729 did not increase the risk for wound complication or @entity1211 (P > .05). Furthermore, location of @entity729 did not affect risk for wound complication or @entity1211 . There were no @entity1317 . @entity6 , @entity101 , prior @entity1211 , @entity453 , and male sex were linked to higher wound complication rates (P < .05). @entity1 who have preoperative radiographic evidence of @entity729 can safely undergo tourniquet-assisted TKA.

title: Safety of Tourniquet Use in Total Knee Arthroplasty in XXXX With Radiographic Evidence of @entity729 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound complications']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although standard heparin has been demonstrated to reduce endothelial cell dysfunction in acute @entity63 -reperfusion injury, its mechanism of action remains unknown. We hypothesized that heparin's salutary endothelial effects are independent of its conventional anticoagulant activity and are not caused by nonspecific polyanion effects. METHODS: Isolated @entity35 hindlimbs were perfused at constant pressure with an albumin-enriched crystalloid buffer. After 60 minutes of normothermic @entity63 , endothelial function was assessed by measurement of endothelial-dependent vasodilation by log increment infusion of @entity934 . Endothelial-independent vasodilation was measured by exposure to @entity1854 . Some groups were pretreated with heparinoids possessing minimal or intermediate anticoagulant activity. RESULTS: Treatment with heparinoids with low anticoagulant activity significantly increased endothelial-dependent vasodilation when compared with the nontreated ischemic group and were statistically indistinguishable from the nonischemic control. Treatment with dextran @entity597 , a randomly sulfated polymer with size and charge characteristics similar to heparin, did not change postischemic vasodilation. Endothelial-independent vasodilation was largely unaffected by @entity63 -reperfusion or drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A heparinoid with negligible antithrombin-binding activity (Astenose) @entity536 , suggesting that its mechanism of action was independent of anticoagulant activity. Failure of dextran @entity597 to be protective implied that the effect was not caused by nonspecific polyanion action.

title: Heparinoids with low anticoagulant potency XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated postischemic endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity536 :: (MESH:C538265,Disease) :: ['attenuate postischemic endothelial cell dysfunction']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of their target genes. miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity11216 -SNPs) can affect miRNA biogenesis and target sites and can alter microRNA expression and functions. We examined 11 @entity11216 -SNPs, including 5 in microRNA genes, 3 in microRNA binding sites and 3 in microRNA-processing machinery components, and evaluated time to recurrence (TTR) according to @entity11216 -SNP genotypes in 175 surgically resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . Significant differences in TTR were found according to @entity11776 @entity11777 (median TTR: 20.3 months for the CC genotype versus 86.8 months for the CG or GG genotype; P=0.003) and @entity10405 @entity11778 (median TTR: 24.7 months for the AA genotype versus 73.1 months for the AC or CC genotypes; P=0.029). Moreover, when @entity1 were divided according to stage, these differences were maintained for stage I @entity1 (P=0.002 for @entity11776 @entity11777 ; P<0.001 for @entity10405 @entity11778 ). When @entity1 were divided into sub-groups according to histology, the effect of the @entity11776 @entity11777 genotype on TTR was significant in @entity1 with @entity957 (P=0.004) but not in those with @entity420 . In the multivariate analyses, the @entity11776 @entity11777 CC genotype (OR=1.8; P=0.023) and the @entity10405 @entity11778 AA genotype (OR=1.77; P=0.026) emerged as independent variables influencing TTR. Immunohistochemical analyses in 80 lung specimens showed that 95% of @entity957 were positive for @entity11776 , compared to only 19% of @entity420 (P<0.0001). In conclusion, @entity11216 -SNPs are a novel class of SNPs that can add useful prognostic information on the clinical outcome of resected @entity1149 @entity1 and may be a potential key tool for selecting high-risk stage I @entity1 . Moreover, @entity11776 has emerged as a promising immunohistochemical marker for the identification of @entity957 .

title: A dual role for @entity11776 : a @entity11216 -SNP associated with recurrence in XXXX and a novel marker of @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell lung carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: This is an analysis of 161 @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 treated with irradiation to the primary site and neck followed by a neck dissection(s) for clinically positive neck nodes. @entity1 were treated between October 1964 and December 1982; there was a minimum 2-year follow-up. Fifty-two @entity1 were deleted from analysis of @entity135 control because they died of intercurrent disease or @entity5 less than 2 years from treatment with the neck continuously disease-free. All @entity1 are included in the analysis of complications. @entity135 control rate was the same for radiation plus neck dissection or radiation therapy alone for solitary nodes less than 3 cm. As the size and number of nodes increased, there was a higher rate of @entity135 control for combined treatment as compared with irradiation alone. The @entity135 control rate, size for size, was lower for @entity1 with fixed nodes and for those with @entity41 in the pathologic specimen. There was no difference in @entity135 control as a function of the interval between irradiation and neck dissection. For nodes less than or equal to 6 cm, a minimum node dose of 5000 rad appeared to be sufficient for control, whereas for nodes greater than 6 cm, at least 6000 rad appeared to be required for optimal control. Fixed nodes required a higher dose compared to mobile masses. The incidence of @entity260 was increased with maximum subcutaneous doses of greater than or equal to 6000 rad. There was also an increased incidence of @entity260 for @entity1 undergoing simultaneous, as compared with staged, bilateral neck dissection.

title: @entity957 of the XXXX treated with radiation therapy: the role of neck dissection for clinically positive neck nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'Neck disease', 'neck disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: This study examined the effects of short-term eccentric-concentric knee extensor training on mechanical and biochemical variables, myoelectric activity, and muscle soreness. Seventeen @entity1 were assigned to either experimental (E, n = 10) or control group (C, n = 7). Group E performed 90 maximal isokinetic eccentric-concentric knee extensor contractions on each of 3 consecutive days ( @entity5289 - @entity5282 ) followed by 1-day rest, and then on 4 more consecutive days (Tr4-Tr7). Peak eccentric torque of each contraction during the training was recorded and averaged for each session (MTr). Maximal isometric torque (M0), eccentric torque (M(ecc)), integrated electromyography (iEMG), plasma @entity908 kinase (CK), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured before, immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours after @entity24395 days after Tr7. Group C did not train but performed all exercise tests; CK and LDH were measured at 3 time points only. Acutely, M0 and M(ecc) decreased and CK, LDH, and soreness increased more in E than in C 24 hours after @entity5289 . Chronically, MTr and M0 increased more in E than C by Tr7 and CK, LDH, and muscle soreness gradually decreased by Tr7 whereas iEMG increased more in E than in C after @entity5282 through Tr7. High-intensity short-term eccentric-concentric knee extensor exercise training produced immediate reductions in maximal voluntary force. Most likely neural adaptations contributed to rapid recovery and strength adaptations because maximal voluntary force increased by the end of the training protocol in previously trained healthy adults.

title: Mechanical, biochemical, and electromyographic responses to short-term eccentric-concentric knee extensor training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: An incomplete inhibition of the @entity916 angiotensin @entity1369 system (RAAS) may be responsible for the residual organ damage and event rate that still occur in spite of an apparent blood pressure control in @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity740 and @entity712 treated with @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ). Additional antiproteinuric effect in @entity6 and non @entity2316 , and reduction in hospitalizations in @entity1 with @entity712 already receiving a single RAAS antagonist, has been achieved by incremental inhibition of the RAAS with dual therapy or uptitration of an individual agent above conventional dosages. However, the synergistic increase in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) and the @entity2178 escape could reduce the expected benefit obtained with dual therapy. Results from ONTARGET showing a lack of additional outcome benefit over monotherapy, with a concomitant increase risk of @entity4144 , @entity8 , and @entity551 , discourage the use of the ACEI/ @entity6071 combination in @entity1 at high risk of cardiovascular events. This occured despite a lower albumin excretion in dual versus single RAAS blockade, indicating that an incremental antiproteinuric effect is not automatically translated into clinical outcome benefits. The efficacy and safety of ACEI/ @entity6071 combination versus monotherapy in @entity1 with overt @entity644 is currently evaluated by LIRICO and VA NEPHRON-D clinical trials. The long lasting direct @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren, acting at the first and rate limiting step of the RAAS cascade, prevents the reactive increase in PRA when combined with ACEIs, ARBs or diuretics. The ASPIRE HIGHER programme, involving more than 35,000 @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity712 , @entity8 and @entity6 , is currently evaluating the efficacy and safety of @entity17162 on top of standard therapy. The clinical benefit of adding mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs) in the control of resistant @entity101 , @entity8 , and prevention of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 on top of conventional treatment, evidences the pathogenic role of inadequately suppressed @entity1369 as a cause of suboptimal response to conventional RAAS inhibition. The present review will focus on the pathophysiological ground, and the evidence provided by clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of recent strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular events and target organ damage progression via enhanced RAAS inhibition.

title: Current strategies to achieve further cardiac and renal protection through enhanced @entity916 -angiotensin- XXXX system inhibition.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['angiotensin receptor blockers', 'ARB']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric kidney diseases', 'renal impairment', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity17162 :: ('MESH:C446481', 'Chemical') :: ['aliskiren']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine long-term safety and efficacy of @entity12584 --an oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist--in @entity1 with @entity120 associated with @entity299 or @entity6924 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary cardiology referral centre. @entity1 : All adult @entity1 with @entity120 associated with @entity299 treated with @entity12584 at the Royal Brompton Adult Congenital Heart Centre were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity26 saturation, functional (WHO) class, 6-minute walk test distance and liver enzymes were analysed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (14 female) with @entity120 associated with @entity299 (15 @entity1 with @entity6924 ) with a mean (SD) age of 41 (9) years (range 23-69) were included. Median follow-up was 29 months (range 1-39). One @entity1 died during follow-up. @entity1 tolerated @entity12584 well and no significant rise in liver transaminases was seen. Arterial @entity26 saturation remained stable throughout follow-up. Mean (SD) functional class (p = 0.001) and the 6-minute walk test distance improved compared with baseline (284 (144) vs 363 (124) m, 380 (91) m and 408 (114) m at baseline, 0-6 months, 6-12 months and 1-2 years of treatment, respectively; p<0.05 for each). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12584 appears to be safe and well tolerated in adults with @entity120 associated with @entity299 or @entity6924 during mid- to long-term follow-up. In addition, functional class and the 6-minute walk test distance improved and this effect was maintained for up to 2 years of @entity12584 treatment.

title: Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of XXXX in adults with @entity120 associated with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenger's syndrome"]

answer: @entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']


abstract: Optimal conditions were determined for performing antibody measurements (ELISA), lymphocyte transformation tests and, to some extent, skin tests in badgers. These parameters, together with the bacteriological and pathological studies reported previously (Pritchard et al. 1987), were used to follow the course of intradermal and intratracheal challenge of badgers with @entity291 tubercle bacilli. Two challenge doses were used for each route of @entity281 and two animals received each dose. None of the four animals challenged by the intratracheal method showed any evidence of @entity281 , suggesting that adult badgers may have some resistance to challenge by this method. All four animals challenged intradermally developed lesion of @entity378 . Immunologically the disease passed through three phases. There was an early phase in which lymphocyte transformation to whole BCG steadily and significantly increased, and skin tests to tuberculin became positive but there was little change in antibody levels. This was followed by an intermediate phase of variable skin responses, fluctuating lymphocyte transformation and significant increase in antibody levels. The final phase, which was only seen in two animals with @entity66 , was associated with changing skin reactions and falling lymphocyte responses, together with a sudden increase in antibody levels. This paper presents the first formal evidence of cell-mediated immunity to @entity378 in the badger, which may delay onset and prolong the survival of challenged animals.

title: The immunological consequences of challenge with XXXX tubercle bacilli in badgers (Meles meles).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) is associated with higher complication and mortality rates. Decompressive surgery is the most effective treatment for @entity101 in @entity130 and septic @entity1 with IAP. OBJECTIVE: To establish the association between IAP, complications, and mortality and to evaluate morbidity and mortality after decompressive surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a prospective, analytical, longitudinal study designed in 2 phases. In the first phase, 17 @entity1 (mean age = 66 years, range: 39-78) admitted to the intensive care unit who underwent abdominal surgery were studied. In the second phase, 47 @entity1 (mean age = 65 years, range: 48-78) underwent decompressive surgery, 6 for @entity1661 and 41 for @entity86 . In both phases, all @entity1 were fitted with urinary, arterial, and pulmonary artery catheters. The following variables were recorded: hemodynamic, respiratory and renal parameters; IAP, APACHE II, complications, and mortality. RESULTS: @entity1 with complications had significantly higher mean IAP (12.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, 10.7-13.9) than those without complications (7.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.7-11.1) (p = 0.004). @entity1 that survived had a significantly lower mean IAP (8.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, 5.9-11.5) than those that died (12.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, 10.2-14.7) (p = 0.03). In @entity1 who underwent decompressive surgery, a significant difference was found between APACHE II predicted mortality (40.4%) and observed mortality (25.5%) (p = 0.02). One @entity1 with decompressive surgery developed an @entity4570 . CONCLUSIONS: Controlling IAP, prophylaxis against @entity101 , recognizing @entity101 and decompressive surgery are new parameters and new concepts to be considered in the treatment of critical surgical @entity1 .

title: [Intraabdominal XXXX and decompressive surgery. Clinical experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tissue @entity82 is a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). Effective antifibrotic treatments are not available. Here, the authors investigated inhibition of hedgehog signalling by targeting @entity1730 ( @entity1730 ) as a novel antifibrotic approach. METHODS: The activation status of the hedgehog pathway was assessed by immunohistochemistry for Gli transcription factors and by quantification of hedgehog target genes. Hedgehog signalling was inhibited by the selective inhibitor @entity1731 and by small interfering RNA against @entity1730 in the models of @entity1732 -induced dermal @entity82 and in tight-skin-1 @entity19 . RESULTS: Hedgehog signalling is activated in @entity785 and in @entity19 models of @entity785 . Inhibition of @entity1730 either by @entity1731 or by small interfering RNA prevented dermal thickening, myofibroblast differentiation and accumulation of collagen upon challenge with @entity1732 . Targeting @entity1730 also exerted potent antifibrotic effects in tight-skin-1 @entity19 and did prevent progression of @entity82 and induced regression of pre-established @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of hedgehog signalling exerted potent antifibrotic effects in preclinical models of @entity785 in both preventive and therapeutic settings. These findings might have direct translational implications because inhibitors of @entity1730 are already available and yielded promising results in initial clinical trials.

title: Inhibition of hedgehog signalling prevents experimental @entity82 and induces regression of established XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: The @entity1688 ( @entity1688 ) describes @entity1 who are awake and conscious but severely deefferented leaving the @entity1 in a state of almost complete immobility and loss of verbal communication. The etiology ranges from acute (e.g., @entity64 , which is the most frequent cause of @entity1688 ) to chronic causes (e.g., @entity746 ; @entity2655 ). In this article we review and present new data on the psychosocial adjustment to @entity1688 . We refer to quality of life (QoL) and the degree of @entity308 as a measure of psychosocial adjustment. Various studies suggest that despite their extreme @entity73 , a significant number of @entity1688 @entity1 maintain a good QoL that seems unrelated to their state of physical functioning. Likewise, @entity308 is not predicted by the physical state of the @entity1 . A successful psychological adjustment to the disease was shown to be related to problem-oriented coping strategies, like seeking for information, and emotional coping strategies like denial--the latter may, nevertheless, vary with disease stage. Perceived social support seems to be the strongest predictor of psychosocial adjustment. QoL in @entity1688 @entity1 is often in the same range as in age-matched healthy individuals. Interestingly, there is evidence that significant others, like primary caregivers or spouses, rate @entity1688 @entity1 ' QoL significantly lower than the @entity1 themselves. With regard to depressed mood, @entity2655 @entity1 without symptoms focus significantly more often on internal factors that can be retained in the course of the disease contrary to @entity1 with @entity308 who preferably name external factors as very important, such as health, which will degrade in the course of the disease. Typically, @entity2655 @entity1 with a higher degree of @entity308 experience significantly less "very pleasant" situations. The herein presented data strongly question the assumption among doctors, health-care workers, lay @entity1 , and politicians that severe @entity717 necessarily is intolerable and leads to end-of-life decisions or euthanasia. Existing evidence supports that biased clinicians provide less-aggressive medical treatment in @entity1688 @entity1 . Thus, psychological treatment for @entity308 , effective strategies for coping with the disease, and support concerning the maintenance of the social network are needed to cope with the disease. Novel communication devices and assistive technology now offers an increasing number of @entity1688 @entity1 to resume a meaningful life and an active role in society.

title: Life can be worth living in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['locked-in syndrome', 'LIS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disability']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['locked-in syndrome']