abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) involves @entity792 resulting in proptosis, @entity384 , @entity4 and @entity892 . Werner's NOSPECS classification and @entity922 ( @entity922 ) of @entity6875 cannot objectively describe the inflammatory status. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) detects local temperature and may reflect the degree of @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of the eye temperature measured by DITI. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity6875 receiving intravenously @entity1667 pulse therapy (MPT) were included in this study. Local temperatures of the lateral orbit, upper eyelid, inner caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva, lower eyelid and @entity267 were measured with DITI before and after MPT. @entity922 , @entity1319 (EOM) and @entity892 were also recorded. Improvement of @entity922 was defined as at least one point decrease at either side of the eye, which was 0.5 score decrease as to the average of bilateral @entity922 . RESULTS: Local temperatures of the eyes decreased after MPT. The mean value of temperature (MT) of 12 points including the lateral orbit, upper eyelid, inner caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva and lower eyelid of both eyes before MPT was 32.65 degrees . The mean change of MT after MPT ( @entity18875 ) was -0.22 degrees. DeltaT significantly negative-correlated with basal MT (correlation coefficient=-0.54, p=0.004). Higher baseline MT and @entity922 before MPT correlated with higher possibility of improvement of @entity922 after MPT (p=0.013 and 0.012, respectively). Baseline MT and @entity922 together correlated with improvement of @entity922 after MPT better than baseline @entity922 alone could do (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 82.81% and 66.63%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Basal temperature of the eyes measured by DITI was an objective indicator of @entity32 of @entity6875 . Combining @entity922 and MT could better predict the outcome of MPT than @entity922 alone.

title: The application of temperature measurement of the eyes by digital infrared thermal imaging as a prognostic factor of XXXX pulse therapy for @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['orbital inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity18875 :: ('c|DEL||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['DeltaT']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis, eye movement']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune process']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'clinical activity score']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 (types 1 and 2) leads to secondary complications such as @entity16 , which reduce a @entity1 's quality of life. @entity17657 and its receptor, @entity17658 , have been shown to have antinociceptive effects and to decrease blood @entity413 levels. OBJECTIVES: The present experimental study was conducted in Iran and investigated the role of @entity17657 , which is used to manage @entity6 , during exercise training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity35 (n = 36) were assigned by simple random allocation to six groups (n = 6): @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), sedentary @entity6 (SND), sedentary @entity6 (SD), exercise @entity6 (END), and exercise @entity6 (ED). @entity6 was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of @entity3839 (50 mg/kg). Exercise training consisted of treadmill running 60 minutes/day * 5 days/week for 10 weeks. The tail-flick test was used to assess the thermal @entity158 threshold, and an @entity17657 enzyme immunoassay kit was utilized to assess plasma @entity17657 levels. RESULTS: Plasma @entity17657 level was higher (0.3 vs. 0.1, P < 0.0001) and the tail-flick latency was lower (2.2 vs. 3.8, P < 0.0001) in the @entity6 group than in the @entity6 group. After the training program, plasma @entity17657 levels decreased in the exercise groups, and the tail-flick latency increased in the ED group. No correlation was found between @entity17657 blood concentrations and tail-flick latency following the training program in the ED group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity17657 does not play any significant role in regulating the @entity158 threshold in @entity6 during exercise training.

title: The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Plasma @entity17657 Levels and @entity158 Threshold in T1DM XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'non-diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'ND', 'D']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapy efficiency of immediate implanting breast reconstruction after skin sparing mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy in @entity0 . METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 530 female @entity1 with early @entity0 operated in the department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2008, including 91 @entity1 operated with skin sparing mastectomy and immediate implanting breast reconstruction and 439 @entity1 with modified radical mastectomy. The follow up ended in Mar. 2010. By comparing complications, local recurrence, distant metastases and mortality rates between the two groups, the research was done to evaluate the therapy efficiency. RESULTS: In the group of immediate implanting reconstruction, 84 @entity1 completed follow up with the median follow-up time of 35 months (14 - 72 months) while the local recurring rate was 2.4%, distant @entity3 rate was 8.3% and mortality rate was 6.0%. In the group of modified radical mastectomy, 398 @entity1 completed follow up with the median follow-up time of 36 months (12 - 74 months) while the local recurring rate was 3.3%, distant @entity3 rate was 9.5% and mortality rate was 6.5%. Therefore there was no obvious statistic difference between the two groups in local recurring rate, distant @entity3 rate and mortality rate (P > 0.05). Evaluation of aesthetic results was done in the 84 @entity1 after immediate implanting reconstruction for 12 months which was 93% as good or excellent by surgeons while 87% by @entity1 . Surgeons and @entity1 were both satisfied with the breast appearance. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with early stage @entity0 , combining standard postoperative therapy, skin sparing mastectomy and immediate implanting reconstruction could achieve the same effect as the traditional modified radical mastectomy, while reconstruction would bring about better appearance and higher quality of life.

title: [Comparison of therapeutic effects of immediate implanting breast reconstruction after skin sparing mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the permeability of normal spinal nerve root sheaths around dorsal and ventral roots in the @entity35 . In vivo studies were performed using Evans blue-albumin and @entity7395 as tracers. The Evans blue-albumin complex is macromolecular in size and @entity3740 ions are small and easily visible in the electron microscope. Both tracers were injected into the subarachnoid space and 15 min later samples were taken and further processed for detection of tracer. Postmortem studies with @entity3740 was also performed. Following fixation by cardiac perfusion with fixative without tracer, @entity7395 was added to the fixative and applied directly to exposed spinal cord including the spinal nerve roots. Macroscopical examination showed Evans blue staining of the superficial blood vessels of the spinal cord, but no staining of the parenchyma of either spinal cord or nerve roots. Fluorescence microscopy revealed, in addition to a bright red fluorescence of root sheaths, a faint longitudinally orientated red fluorescence in the endoneurium of the nerve roots, indicating the presence of the dye-albumin complex. In both in vivo and post-mortem @entity3740 studies, the tracer was detected between cell layers of the nerve root sheath and in invaginations of the plasma membrane of these cells, as well as inside the nerve root parenchyma. Some of the cells of the sheaths in post-mortem animals were diffusely marked with intracellular tracer. The endo-radicular @entity3740 was most often seen superficially, but @entity3740 could occasionally be detected deeper in the parenchyma in the post mortem studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sheaths of the spinal nerve roots. Permeability and structural characteristics of dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7395 :: ('MESH:C028521', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum chloride']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity789 are the most frequent @entity790 . Obstetrical cause remains the dominant etiology. They still represent a public health problem. Aim : to study epidemiological aspects of @entity789 and their management. METHODS: a retrospective multicentric study among 19 hospital departments from February 1982 to January 2007. RESULTS: 131 VVF (92% of @entity790 ). The vaginal route for surgical repair was used in 2/3 cases. The mean diameter of the @entity292 was 11.35 mm. In 122 cases (86.5%), the @entity292 was unique. IVU findings were normal in 83% cases. All @entity1 had normal renal function apart one who had @entity810 . 177 interventions were performed (1.37 intervention per @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a regression in obstetrical VVF. However many efforts on institutional, socioeconomic and obstetrical levels have to be done in order to eradicate this pathology that is of major handicap for @entity1 regarding socioeconomic, functional and psychological effects.

title: [ XXXX , about 131 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicovaginal fistulas', 'obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['type of urogenital fistulas', 'urogenital fistulas']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['Obstetric vesicovaginal fistulas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity2897 , @entity2898 , and @entity2899 in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 and @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing ambulatory surgery. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled trial SETTING: Teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: 80 ASA physical status I and II @entity1 scheduled for elective ambulatory surgery with general anesthesia. INTERVENTION: A standardized balanced anesthetic technique was used for all @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity2897 0.01 mg/kg, @entity2898 0.06 mg/kg, @entity2899 0.05 mg/kg, or saline, 3 minutes prior to intravenous (i.v.) @entity2900 1.5 mg/kg. The intensity of @entity2901 and intubating conditions were assessed using a four-point rating scale. In addition, the severity of @entity925 was assessed using a four-point rating scale in the postanesthesia care unit and at 24 hours postoperatively. No @entity1 complained of any side effects after the administration of the study drug. @entity2901 were observed less frequently (p < 0.05) in the @entity2899 and @entity2898 groups compared with the placebo and @entity2897 groups. However, there was no difference between the @entity2899 group and the @entity2898 group (21% vs. 10%, respectively). Although @entity2901 occurred less frequently in the @entity2897 group than in the placebo group (59% vs. 85%, respectively), this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference among the four groups in the intubating conditions or the incidence of @entity282 . CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with @entity2898 and @entity2899 was superior to @entity2897 in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 . However, pretreatment did not have any effect on the incidence of @entity925 after ambulatory surgery.

title: Effects of pretreatment with @entity2897 , XXXX , and @entity2899 on @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 and @entity925 : a comparison with placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative myalgia']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['Fasciculations', 'fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: Serum samples from 137 @entity2 @entity1 were examined by RIA to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the new @entity5 marker, CYFRA 21-1, which could identify the soluble fragment of @entity4166 . The cut-off value was determined to be 2.2 ng/ml according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the RIA for CYFRA 21-1 were 57.7, 91.9 and 64.9%, respectively. The serum concentration of CYFRA 21-1 and the sensitivity of the assay increased as the disease progressed. Histologically, the sensitivity was highest for @entity957 (SQ) (76.5%) in comparison with @entity420 (47.8%) and @entity151 (42.1%) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The sensitivities for SQ were 60.0, 83.3, 80.0 and 100% at stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. When compared with @entity787 (45.3%) and @entity957 related antigen (SCC) (22.6%) in all @entity2 , CYFRA 21-1 showed the highest sensitivity (57.7%), (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). In SQ, the sensitivity of the CYFRA 21-1 RIA was significantly higher than that of the assay for SCC (47.1%) (P < 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity420 , the sensitivity of the CYFRA 21-1 assay was almost the same as that for @entity787 (49.3%). In a combination of @entity787 for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), the sensitivity and accuracy increased to 75.4 and 78.1%, respectively, although the specificity decreased to 86.5%. It is concluded that CYFRA 21-1 could replace SCC, a less satisfactory @entity5 marker, for SQ of the lung. The potentiality of the combination of @entity787 for @entity1149 should be estimated using larger samples in the near future.

title: Preliminary evaluation of the new XXXX marker, CYFRA 21-1, in @entity2 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 may present with severe or intractable @entity158 , which can be more distressing than the motor disability. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the prevalence of @entity158 and underlying causes in @entity1 with @entity191 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 (42 female, 54 @entity1 ) were interviewed and @entity158 was assessed using @entity1 descriptions, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS). Stait Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI-TX 1 and 2) and Beck @entity308 Scale were also administered. RESULTS: @entity158 as the first symptom of @entity1726 was seen in 3 @entity1 (2.8%), 63 (64.9%) out of 96 @entity1 reported @entity158 . @entity158 types included musculoskeletal type of different etiologies (28 @entity1 , 44.4%), radicular or @entity9 (7 @entity1 , 11.1%), @entity158 secondary to @entity3519 (12 @entity1 , 19.1%) and central @entity158 (8 @entity1 , 12.7%). Eight @entity1 (12.7%) described more than one type of @entity158 . @entity158 did not correlate with sex, duration of disease, disease stage, use of @entity935 agonists and levodopa, years of levodopa treatment and current levodopa dosage, @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity25 , age at onset of @entity1726 or history of disease in first-degree relatives. @entity2146 seemed to be correlated with presence of @entity158 (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity158 is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1726 . In order to identify the appropriate treatment strategy, it is essential to identify the underlying etiology.

title: @entity158 is common in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['Akathisia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis has reduced early and longterm mortality by about 20%; sometimes, however, there is a re-occlusion of the @entity1188 related artery or an unsuccessful thrombolysis. In these situations, there is a possible increase in detrimental events in the follow-up. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the prognostic value of @entity452 echocardiography (DET) and ECG exercise test (EET) in pts submitted to thrombolysis. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one pts, with acute uncomplicated @entity583 , were enrolled. The pts were able to perform EET and had a sufficient echocardiographic window; 58 had @entity583 (38%), 79 had inferior (52%), 2 had lateral (1%), 12 had non-Q (8%). EET was performed with an initial load of 25 Watt, and thereafter, 25 W every two minutes. DET was performed with step-wise infusion every three minutes (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mcg/kg/min.). If the target heart rate was not reached, a further dose of 40 mcg/kg/min. together with @entity3897 0.25-1 mg was administered, in the absence of signs and symptoms of @entity63 . RESULTS: During a mean (+/- SD) follow-up period of 8 +/- 4.5 months (range 1-23), 16 spontaneous events happened (4 deaths, 5 non-fatal re- @entity1188 , 7 unstable @entity951 ). One-hundred and three EET (68%) were negative for ongoing ischaemia, while 48 were positive, 79 DET (52%) were negative for ongoing ischaemia and 72 were positive (48%). Statistical results: DET and EET had a sensitivity of 41% and 54%, a specificity of 57% and 74%, a positive predictive value of 7% and 14%, a negative predictive value of 91% and 95%, an accuracy of 56% and 73%. Kaplan-Maier survival curves demonstrated that @entity1 with Peak Wall motion > 1.8 and EET score > 3, had the higher risk of spontaneous events. CONCLUSION: A few spontaneous events happened in the follow-up. These data demonstrate that @entity1 treated with thrombolysis are not at high risk of spontaneous events. DET and EET, therefore, have had a high negative predictive value. For this reason, we can conclude that pts with negative tests can be considered at low risk and do not need any further investigations.

title: Multicenter trial on prognostic value of inducible @entity63 , assessed by @entity452 stress echocardiography and exercise electrocardiography test, in XXXX with uncomplicated @entity583 , treated with thrombolytic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity56 has not been studied extensively in Mexico. The present study, based on the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood Phase IIIB survey, reports the prevalence of @entity2023 and the associated risk factors in the pediatric population in four cities in northern Mexico. @entity1 (6-7 years old) and adolescents (13-14 years old) in public elementary and secondary schools were surveyed in 2002 and 2003. The subjects were chosen randomly from Ciudad Victoria, Mexicali, Monterrey, and Tijuana. The following categories were analyzed: occurrence of @entity2490 (currently or in the last 12 months), @entity7370 symptoms, a previous diagnosis of @entity2023 , and relevant environmental factors. Factors associated with @entity2490 that were identified previously with the chi-squared test were analyzed using logistic regression. The number of valid questionnaires was 10,892 for schoolchildren and 12,299 for adolescents. In 6- to 7-year-old @entity1 , the following frequencies were determined: @entity2490 (ever), 27.9%; current @entity2490 , 24.2%; @entity7370 , 9.2%; and diagnosis of @entity2023 , 5.5%. The corresponding frequencies in 13- to 14-year-old @entity1 were 33.3, 34.1, 18.4, and 3.8%. In both 6- to 7-year-old and 13- to 14-year-old @entity1 , all @entity2490 items were associated with @entity565 symptoms, @entity1909 symptoms, @entity1443 consumption, and maternal smoking (odds ratio, >1; p < 0.05). The main risk factors associated with @entity2023 in @entity1 and adolescents from cities in northern Mexico were other @entity56 , @entity1443 consumption, and passive smoking.

title: Factors associated with @entity2023 in @entity1 and adolescents from northern Mexico: International Study of XXXX in Childhood Phase IIIB.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis symptoms', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'rhinitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Asthma and Allergies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide an objective analysis of surgical performance of robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) with lymphadenectomy for @entity1204 during the learning phase of the procedure and to assess opportunities for improvement. METHODS: From July 2006 to March 2008, 100 @entity1 with @entity1204 underwent RALH with lymphadenectomy using the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System. Data were analyzed for operative time (OT), estimated @entity190 (EBL), length of stay (LOS), intra-operative complications, surgical-pathologic factors, and post-operative complications using an intent-to-treat analysis. A comparison of the data on a quartile (Q) basis was performed for the 100 RALH cases and separately for the 65 cases that had a complete pelvic-and-aortic lymphadenectomy (PAL). RESULTS: Age and body mass index (BMI) did not change significantly during the study. More grade 3 @entity5 were treated in the last 50 cases (22% vs. 10%, p<0.05). Stage III @entity5 were identified in 18.7% cases in Q2-4 and none in Q1 (p<0.05). The number of @entity1 undergoing complete PAL and the number of aortic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) removed per case increased each quarter. There were 4 (4%) conversions to laparotomy. Delayed vaginal cuff healing decreased from 16% in Q1 to 0% in Q3-4. No case required blood transfusion. Comparing first 10 cases to the last 10 cases, the total @entity1600 counts increased from 15 to 21 nodes, the aortic @entity1600 counts increased from 4.7 to 8.0, and the OT decreased from 203 to 160 min. Intra-surgeon analysis revealed an improvement in the total @entity1600 yields from first 50 to second 50 cases for each surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Operative times decreased and aortic dissections improved with increasing @entity1600 counts during the first 100 cases of RALH. Furthermore, @entity1 safety and improvement in surgical performance was demonstrated.

title: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for XXXX : Analysis of surgical performance.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) is a Chinese medicine decoction and has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement. The present study aims to investigate the effects of TXL on the apoptosis of HT-29 cells and @entity5 growth in vivo. METHOD: HT-29 @entity694 cells were treated with gradient dilution of TXL. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. The release of @entity4674 from mitochondrial and apoptosis-related proteins @entity589 , @entity588 , cleaved caspase-3, 9 were examined by Western blot analysis. HT-29 cells were implanted in @entity19 to examine the effects of TXL on @entity5 growth. RESULT: TXL inhibited HT-29 xenografted model and showed a strong and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by TXL at the concentration of 0.5% above. For Western blot analysis, an increase in @entity589 expression and a decrease in @entity588 expression were observed in @entity20756 -treated cells. TXL treatment increased the protein level of cleaved casepase-3 and @entity8187 , and the release of @entity4674 in cytoplasm was up-regulated as well. CONCLUSION: TXL significantly inhibits cell proliferation in the HT-29 cells and HT-29 xenografted model via the mitochondrial cell death pathway.

title: Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) induces apoptosis in HT-29 XXXX cell in vitro and inhibits @entity5 growth in vivo.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore the meaning and experiences of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with @entity308 and @entity148 . DESIGN: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) epistemology and methodology were adopted as the study was focused on understanding the meaning and experiences of @entity1 towards self-compassion from existing theory. METHODS: Ten @entity1 were selected based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th Ed.-text revision diagnosis of @entity308 or an @entity148 . Individuals were excluded from this study if they had additional diagnoses which impacted significantly on their disorder or on ethical grounds if participation was seen as psychologically distressing. @entity1 completed a semi-structured interview with questions were based on existing self-compassion research. Interviews lasted an hour and were analysed using IPA methodology. RESULTS: @entity1 ' reflections suggested that they saw compassion having two central qualities: kindness and action. @entity1 reported that they thought having compassion for themselves felt meaningful in relation to their experiences and useful in helping with their @entity308 or @entity148 . However, @entity1 reflected that they felt being self-compassionate would be difficult either because the concept itself felt challenging to enact or their experience of @entity74 had negatively impacted on their ability to be self-compassionate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 ' positive perceptions of self-compassion offer encouragement to clinicians as it appears @entity1 can connect with the concept meaningfully as well as seeing it as being useful. Clinicians focusing on self-compassion may gain greater efficacy when they incorporate both aspects within interventions. Findings about the difficulties associated with self-compassion provide valuable information as to why @entity1 find it difficult to adopt which can be used in the development of future clinical interventions.

title: The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with XXXX or @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: A total of 218 samples obtained during a follow-up study of 36 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) were tested for the presence of cryoglobulins. Cold-insoluble precipitates were found in 81% for the @entity1 (29 @entity1 , 114 samples). The protein concentration of the cryoglobulins correlated significantly with the disease activity. Autoantibody activity was determined in the dissolved cryoglobulins and in corresponding serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). IgM-RF could be demonstrated more often in the cryoglobulins than in the sera (75% vs. 14%), whereas IgA-RF were seen in 28% of both cryoglobulins and sera. Anti-ssDNA and anti-poly(A) antibodies of both IgG and IgM classes were found more often in the sera than in the corresponding cryoprecipitates. In 7 samples from 5 @entity1 an increase in the IgG-anti-ssDNA activity was seen after DNase digestion of the cryoglobulins. @entity1 with @entity2407 had a significantly higher level of cryoprecipitating IgM class rheumatoid factors than other @entity1 . There was also an association between the IgG-anti-poly(A) antibody levels in the cryoglobulins and the activity of the disease. There was no difference with regard to the composition of the cryoglobulins, between @entity1 with @entity1310 and those without an overt @entity8 . Thus, the presence of cryoglobulins in @entity1252 indicates active disease, but not necessarily renal involvement. IgM rheumatoid factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2407 of @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Autoantibody activity of cryoglobulins and sera in @entity1252 . Association of IgM class rheumatoid factors with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform comparative planning for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton therapy (PT) for malignant @entity2615 after radical surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight @entity1 treated with IMRT after extrapleural pleuropneumonectomy (EPP) were replanned for PT, comparing dose homogeneity, target volume coverage, and mean and maximal dose to organs at risk. Feasibility of PT was evaluated regarding the dose distribution with respect to air cavities after EPP. RESULTS: Dose coverage and dose homogeneity of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) were significantly better for PT than for IMRT regarding the volume covered by >95% (V95) for the high-dose @entity343 . The mean dose to the contralateral kidney, ipsilateral kidney, contralateral lung, liver, and heart and spinal cord dose were significantly reduced with PT compared with IMRT. After EPP, air cavities were common (range, 0-850 cm(3)), decreasing from 0 to 18.5 cm(3)/day. In 2 @entity1 , air cavity changes during RT decreased the generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) in the case of using an a value of < - 10 to the PTV2 to <2 Gy in the presence of changing cavities for PT, and to 40 Gy for IMRT. Small changes were observed for gEUD of PTV1 because PTV1 was reached by the beams before air. CONCLUSION: Both PT and IMRT achieved good target coverage and dose homogeneity. Proton therapy accomplished additional dose sparing of most organs at risk compared with IMRT. Proton therapy dose distributions were more susceptible to changing air cavities, emphasizing the need for adaptive RT and replanning.

title: Proton therapy for malignant XXXX after extrapleural pleuropneumonectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2332 is the standard of care for @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ). This treatment was implemented at a regional level by the perinatal network of the City of Buenos Aires. The following are the objectives of this article: 1. To describe the implementation of the network's @entity2332 treatment program; 2. To report treatment-associated complications, adverse events and mortality. The program was implemented in stages: 1) 2009-2010. Training and instruction on how to use the equipment. 2) 20102014. Treatment and follow-up of @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2806 . Up to October 2014, 27 newborn @entity1 received @entity2332 treatment with moderate (n= 15) and severe (n= 12) @entity2806 . None of the @entity1 died during treatment. Three newborn @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Among the 16 survivors older than one year old, three have severe @entity16 . Program implementation was plausible. It is imperative to train health care providers on how to identify @entity1 with @entity2806 .

title: Implementation in Buenos Aires City of a program to prevent XXXX caused by @entity2806 : @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological damage']


abstract: Poxviruses are composed of large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes coding for several hundred genes whose variation has supported virus adaptation to a wide variety of hosts over their long evolutionary history. Comparative genomics has suggested that the Orthopoxvirus genus in particular has undergone reductive evolution, with the most recent common ancestor likely possessing a gene complement consisting of all genes present in any existing modern-day orthopoxvirus species, similar to the current @entity14189 species. As orthopoxviruses adapt to new environments, the selection pressure on individual genes may be altered, driving sequence divergence and possible loss of function. This is evidenced by accumulation of mutations and loss of protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs) that progress from individual missense mutations to gene truncation through the introduction of early stop mutations (ESMs), gene @entity1949 , and in some cases, a total loss of the ORF. In this study, we have constructed a whole-genome alignment for representative isolates from each Orthopoxvirus species and used it to identify the @entity377 -level changes that have led to gene content variation. By identifying the changes that have led to ESMs, we were able to determine that short indels were the major cause of gene truncations and that the genome length is inversely proportional to the number of ESMs present. We also identified the number and types of protein functional motifs still present in truncated genes to assess their functional significance. IMPORTANCE: This work contributes to our understanding of reductive evolution in poxviruses by identifying genomic remnants such as single @entity377 polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels left behind by evolutionary processes. Our comprehensive analysis of the genomic changes leading to gene truncation and @entity1949 was able to detect some of the remnants of these evolutionary processes still present in orthopoxvirus genomes and suggests that these viruses are under continual adaptation due to changes in their environment. These results further our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that drive virus variation, allowing orthopoxviruses to adapt to particular environmental niches. Understanding the evolutionary history of these virus pathogens may help predict their future evolutionary potential.

title: Identification of XXXX -level changes impacting gene content and genome evolution in orthopoxviruses.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 was given a diagnosis of @entity2 (moderately differentiated @entity420 ) with left adrenal gland and bone metastases in January 1997, and received chemotherapy and irradiation therapy. In late May, @entity417 and occult blood were detected, with a marked increase in serum CA 19-9. In August, the @entity1 was admitted to our department complaining of @entity476 . His serum CA 19-9 level on admission was significantly elevated (18,960 U/ml). After admission, symptoms of ileus developed. Radiographs of the small intestine and abdominal computed tomographic scans suggested the presence of a @entity5 in the small intestine. Therefore, surgery was performed, revealing a @entity5 in the jejunum, which was histologically diagnosed as @entity3 of @entity2 to the small intestine. Immunohistochemical staining for CA 19-9 was more intense in specimens from the small intestine @entity5 than from @entity2 specimens. Serum CA 19-9 decreased significantly after resection. The clinical course and results of CA 19-9 staining suggested that CA 19-9 production by the metastatic lesion in the small intestine was the major cause of the @entity1 's high serum CA 19-9 level. This appears to be a rare case because, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports in the Japanese literature on @entity1 with small intestine @entity3 from @entity2 showing an exceptionally high level of serum CA 19-9.

title: [ XXXX with small intestine @entity3 characterized by exceptionally high levels of serum CA 19-9].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoclips, injection therapy and thermocoagulation (heater probe or electrocoagulation) are the most commonly used types of endoscopic hemostasis for the control of non-variceal @entity360 . AIM: To compare the efficacy of hemoclips versus injection or thermocoagulation in endoscopic hemostasis by pooling data from the literature. METHOD: Publications in the English literature (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) as well as abstracts in major international conferences were searched using the keywords "hemoclips" and " @entity548 ", and 15 trials fulfilling the search criteria were found. Outcome measures included: initial hemostasis (after endoscopic intervention); recurrent @entity548 ; definitive hemostasis (no recurrent @entity548 until the end of follow-up); the requirement for surgical intervention; and all-cause mortality. The heterogeneity of trials was examined and the effects were pooled by meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 1156 @entity1 recruited in the 15 studies, 390 were randomly assigned to receive clips alone, 242 received clips combined with injection, 359 received injection alone, and 165 received thermocoagulation with or without injection. Definitive hemostasis was higher with hemoclips (86.5%) than injection (75.4%; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00-1.30), or endoscopic clips with injection (88.5%) compared with injections alone (78.1%; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.23), leading to a reduced requirement for surgery but no difference in mortality. Compared with thermocoagulation, there was no improvement in definitive hemostasis with clips (81.5% versus 81.2%; RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.77-1.31). These estimates were robust in sensitivity analyses. There was also no difference between clips and thermocoagulation in rebleeding, the need for surgery and mortality. The reported locations of failed hemoclip applications included posterior wall of duodenal bulb, posterior wall of gastric body and lesser curve of the stomach. CONCLUSION: Successful application of hemoclips is superior to injection alone but comparable to thermocoagulation in producing definitive hemostasis. There was no difference in all-cause mortality irrespective of the modalities of endoscopic treatment.

title: Endoscopic clipping versus injection and thermo-coagulation in the treatment of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: We tested the ability of vaccination with @entity778 -like particles (VLPs) to protect @entity95 against @entity1185 induced by the @entity18534 ( @entity18535 ). A recombinant baculovirus system that expressed only the L1 major papillomavirus structural protein or L1 plus the minor L2 protein was used in insect cells as the source of VLPs. Groups of 10 @entity95 were immunized with native or denatured VLPs from @entity18535 or type 1 @entity291 papillomavirus by using Freund's adjuvant. Alum was used as the adjuvant for an additional group immunized with @entity18535 L1-L2 VLPs. Animals were challenged with 5 x 10(10) and 2 x 10(11) particles on opposing flanks. No protection was seen in @entity95 immunized with native or denatured @entity291 papillomavirus L1-L2 or with denatured @entity18535 L1-L2. In these groups, the lower and higher challenge doses resulted in 27 of 30 animals with extensive @entity1185 , with each of the remaining animals having a smaller number of persistent @entity1185 . Progression to @entity189 developed in 20 @entity95 . Animals inoculated with native @entity18535 VLPs composed of L1 alone or L1-L2 developed many fewer lesions; the lower and higher challenge doses resulted in 17 of 29 and 5 of 29 @entity95 , respectively, with no lesions, and the remainder developed only one to @entity1185 , which all regressed except for those on 1 @entity95 . None developed @entity5 within 1 year of @entity281 . @entity95 vaccinated with native @entity18535 VLPs developed high-titer antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on native VLPs, and passive transfer of serum or immunoglobulin G from @entity95 immunized with @entity18535 VLPs protected against @entity18535 challenge. We conclude that native VLPs can induce antibody-mediated, type-specific protection against experimental @entity1083 .

title: Immunization with viruslike particles from @entity18534 ( @entity18535 ) can protect against experimental @entity18535 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity18534 :: ('10623', 'Species') :: ['cottontail rabbit papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'eight papillomas']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit', 'domestic rabbits']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: This multicenter, cooperative study represents the initial United States experience using an expandable, @entity702 intraprostatic stent in 68 @entity1 (60 to 93 years old). The stents were inserted under direct vision and expanded to 33F using a balloon catheter. All @entity1 had a symptom score analysis, and underwent measurement of peak urine flow and rate and post-void residual urine volume as part of the initial evaluation. @entity1 were seen at approximately 1, 3, 6 and 18 months after stent insertion (mean followup 16 months). Of the 68 @entity1 38 presented in urinary retention. The type of anesthesia used included general anesthesia in 6 @entity1 , spinal or epidural anesthesia in 24, intravenous sedation in 20 and intraurethral @entity3303 only in 18. All @entity1 were able to void spontaneously within 36 hours after stent insertion. Symptom scores decreased from 16.8 to 3.9, 6.3, 5.0, 5.7 and 3.2 at approximately 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Peak urine flow rate increased from 3.9 to 13.8, 11.5, 11.2, 12.4 and 14.4 ml. per second at approximately 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Post-void residual urine volume decreased from 74.4 to 30.1, 29.2, 19.8 and 40.2 ml. at approximately 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Of the initial 68 @entity1 5 died of the underlying disorder (all voiding satisfactorily with the stent in place) and 17 underwent uneventful stent removal (10 for technical failure and 7 for treatment failure). @entity177 were secondary to either inaccurate positioning or improper stent sizing. Of the 58 @entity1 with proper placement of the stent and no technical failures 46 (79%) had improvement in symptom scores and urine flow rate. Transient @entity811 was noted in 43 @entity1 (63%) and usually resolved within 48 hours. None of the 6 @entity293 (9%) was recurrent. In conclusion, the @entity702 intraprostatic stent, when properly placed, is a promising therapeutic alternative to prostatectomy or long-term catheterization in high risk obstructed @entity1 or those in urinary retention. Studies are currently in progress to determine the long-term efficacy of this therapeutic modality.

title: The XXXX intraprostatic stent: the United States experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Technical failures']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The toxic effects of @entity3958 on plants are well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms reponsible for inhibition of plants by @entity3958 are still not completely understood. We determined the effects of @entity8835 in the range of 0.5-10 mM on the growth of @entity579 suspension culture cells, as well as on the expression of the @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) gene. @entity4373 is the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway (AP) and exists in plant mitochondria. The results showed that @entity3958 treatment enhanced the AP activity. During the process of @entity3958 treatment for 4 h, the AP activity increased dramatically and achieved the peak value at a concentration of 2 mM @entity8835 . Then it declined at higher concentrations of @entity8835 (5-10 mM) and maintained a steady level. The AOX1 gene transcript level also showed a similar change as the AP activity. Interestingly, different @entity8835 concentrations seemed to have different effects on the expression of AOX1a, AOX1b, and AOX1c. The induction of @entity4373 expression by low concentrations of @entity8835 was inferred through a reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-independent pathway. At the same time, @entity579 cells grown in culture were very sensitive to @entity3958 , different @entity3958 concentrations induced an increase in the cell viability. These results indicate that the @entity3958 -induced @entity4373 induction might play a role in inhibiting the ROS production and have an influence on cell viability.

title: Effects of hydrogen sulfide on alternative pathway respiration and induction of @entity4373 gene expression in XXXX suspension cells.

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['alternative oxidase', 'AOX']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: CONTEXT: Challenges to the identification of @entity4310 in primary care may be more pronounced in rural Appalachia, a medically underserved region. PURPOSE: To examine primary care physicians' identification of @entity4310 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was mailed to family physicians in the midwestern and southeastern United States, stratified by rural/non-rural and Appalachian/non-Appalachian practice location (n = 176). Identification of @entity5344 ( @entity6069 ), @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ), and other @entity4310 was assessed. FINDINGS: Less than half of physicians (45%) reported having @entity1 with @entity5 genetic testing. Most (70%) correctly identified the @entity5345 /2-relevant scenario; 49% correctly identified the @entity4309 -relevant scenario. Factor analysis of psychosocial variables revealed 2 factors: Confidence (knowledge, comfort, confidence) and importance (responsible, important, effective, need) of identifying @entity4310 . Greater confidence was associated with use of 3 generation pedigree in taking family history. Greater knowledge and access to genetic services were associated with use of genetic testing. More recent graduation year, greater knowledge, and greater confidence were associated with identifying the @entity5345 /2-relevant scenario. Greater knowledge and confidence were associated with identifying the @entity4309 -relevant scenario. CONCLUSIONS: Though rural Appalachian physicians do not differ in ability to identify high risk individuals, access barriers may exist for genetic testing. Interventions are needed to boost physician confidence in identifying @entity4310 and to improve availability and awareness of availability of genetic services.

title: XXXX risk assessment by rural and Appalachian family medicine physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer', 'hereditary cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: To determine if quantitative electrophysiologic measures correlate with pharmacotherapeutic response, we conducted a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in sequential @entity1 with @entity71 and @entity1316 . One hundred medication-free @entity1 meeting DSM-III-R criteria for @entity1316 underwent pretreatment EEG, quantitative Neurometric EEG, and physical/laboratory examinations. @entity71 @entity1 were first treated with a stimulant, secondarily with an antidepressant, and tertially with an anticonvulsant. Affectively disordered @entity1 were treated initially with antidepressant, and secondarily augmented with anticonvulsant or @entity1091 . Tertiary treatment was a stimulant. @entity1 were assessed up to 6 months. A Clinical Global Improvement score was assigned. Similar Neurometric subgroups were identified within both the attentional and the affectively disordered @entity1 . Subgroups were relative alpha frequency excess, relative theta frequency excess, and/or inter-hemispheric hypercoherence. Without regard to DSM-III-R diagnosis, there were robust correlations between Neurometric subgroup membership, responsivity to selected pharmacologic agent class(es), and clinical outcome. The frontal alpha excess subgroup was 87% responsive to antidepressants. The frontal theta excess subgroup was 100% responsive to stimulants. The frontal alpha excess/hypercoherent subgroup was 85% or more responsive to anticonvulsants/ @entity1091 . The frontal theta excess/hypercoherent subgroup was 80% responsive to anticonvulsants. @entity1 with similar Neurometric features responded to the same class(es) of psychopharmacologic agent(s) despite their DSM-III-R classification.

title: Neurometric subgroups in XXXX and their association with pharmacotherapeutic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'attentional and affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['Attention-disordered', 'attention deficit disorder']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['attentional and affective disorders']


abstract: A transnasal, transsphenoidal surgical approach was used to perform @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes to examine the role of the hypothalamus in regulating the synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones. Ewes were killed at 1-3 days (n = 6), 1 week (n = 5), or 1 month (n = 5) after @entity2339 . Pituitary glands were removed, and hemisected for analysis of hormone or messenger RNA (mRNA) content. Blot hybridization using specific complementary DNA probes was used to quantify the concentration of mRNA for @entity6753 -subunit, alpha-subunit, GH, and PRL. Concentrations of mRNA for @entity6753 - and alpha-subunits were lower (P less than 0.01) at 1-3 days after @entity2339 than in OVX ewes. At 1 week and 1 month after @entity2339 , concentrations of mRNA for @entity6753 - and alpha-subunits were near the lower limit of detection of this assay system. In contrast, for 30 days after @entity2339 , pituitary concentrations of mRNA for GH and PRL were not different (P greater than 0.05) from those in OVX ewes. At 1 week and 1 month after @entity2339 , pituitary content of LH, FSH, and GH was lower (P less than 0.01) than in OXV ewes. Pituitary PRL content in all @entity2339 ewes was lower (P less than 0.05) than in OVX ewes. In a separate group of five ewes that were bled daily for 30 days after @entity2339 , serum concentrations of LH and FSH fell dramatically during the first 3 days after @entity2339 . In contrast, serum concentrations of GH and PRL remained similar to pre- @entity2339 concentrations for 30 days after @entity2339 . Thus, @entity1640 stimulation is essential for maintaining the concentration of mRNA for @entity6753 - and alpha-subunits within the anterior pituitary gland. Without continued @entity1640 support, pituitary and serum concentrations of LH and FSH rapidly decline. In contrast, concentrations of mRNA for GH and PRL are maintained in the absence of @entity1640 input.

title: Measurement of messenger ribonucleic acid for luteinizing hormone beta-subunit, alpha-subunit, growth hormone, and prolactin after XXXX pituitary disconnection in ovariectomized ewes.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPD', 'hypothalamic pituitary disconnections']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of @entity281 after primary shoulder arthroplasty (SA) in @entity1 undergoing previous nonarthroplasty shoulder surgery compared with those without previous surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing primary SA at our institution between 1970 and 2012 were included in this study. The cohort consisted of 4577 @entity1 treated with 2890 total SAs, 1233 hemiarthroplasties, and 454 reverse SAs; 813 (18%) @entity1 had undergone prior nonarthroplasty shoulder surgery on the operative side. @entity1 with and without previous surgery were compared for postoperative @entity281 . Univariate and multivariable analyses were used. RESULTS: @entity86 of the shoulder was diagnosed in 68 @entity1 (1.49%). Of the 813 @entity1 who had undergone previous surgery, 20 (2.46%) developed a @entity86 . However, of the 3764 @entity1 who did not have previous shoulder surgery, 48 @entity1 (1.28%) sustained deep shoulder @entity281 . This difference was significant in both the univariate (P   =   .0094) and multivariate analyses (P   =   .0390). In addition, older age and female gender were significantly associated with a lower risk of @entity86 (P   =   .0150 and P   =   .0074, respectively). A higher number of previous surgeries was also significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity86 (P   =   .0272). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity281 after primary SA is significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of prior non-arthroplasty-related surgery. This finding should be discussed with the @entity1 before their surgery, and potential preoperative and intraoperative workup should be undertaken to identify at-risk @entity1 .

title: Is previous nonarthroplasty surgery a risk factor for XXXX in primary shoulder arthroplasty?

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Deep postoperative infection', 'deep postoperative infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic infection']


abstract: Elective cervical lymphadenectomy often is performed for @entity189 to eliminate metastatic disease that escapes clinical and radiographic detection. We investigated characteristics of the @entity5 that might predict cervical lymph node status. We obtained archival tissue from 88 laryngectomies--65 with concurrent cervical lymphadenectomies. Of the 40 clinically negative necks that were dissected, 17% showed lymph node @entity3 by pathologic examination. The @entity5 were examined immunohistochemically for expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity876 , @entity10815 , @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), and Ki-67-specific antigen, and by flow cytometry for DNA ploidy-cell cycle analysis. Seventy-seven percent of the cases showed aberrant @entity876 staining, 99% expressed @entity470 , 40% produced @entity10815 , 29% were aneuploid, and 54% had a moderate or high synthesis phase fraction (SPF). High grade, @entity2007 , and @entity5 vascular invasion independently predicted cervical node @entity3 (p < .04 each). Supraglottic locale (p < .16) and a raggedly infiltrating invading margin (p < .13) were weakly associated with node positivity. Advanced clinical T status, the expression of @entity470 , @entity876 , and @entity10815 , the @entity1364 and Ki-67 indices, and SPF did not correlate with node @entity3 . The presence of cervical node @entity3 predicted poor disease-free (p < .005) and overall survival (p < .04). Advanced clinical T status correlated with brief overall survival (p < .02). @entity5 site, histopathologic parameters, ploidy, SPF, @entity1364 and Ki-67 indices, and the expression of @entity876 , @entity470 , and @entity10815 did not affect survival. The presence of vascular invasion, high grade, and @entity2007 may help identify which @entity1 would benefit from elective cervical lymphadenectomy. The correlation of cervical lymph node status and clinical T category with survival confirms the results of previous studies.

title: Cervical lymph node status and survival in XXXX : prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity1 who underwent isolated arthroscopic debridement and capsular release without any other procedures for primary @entity571 to determine clinical and functional outcomes and time until conversion to shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 33 @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic debridement and capsular release for shoulder @entity571 at our institution between 2006 and 2011. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon (K.Y.). @entity1 were evaluated for intraoperative @entity625 grade, preoperative and postoperative range or motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, @entity158 score self-assessments, radiographic evaluation, and conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty. Clinical follow-up was on average 40.3  weeks postoperatively and telephone interview follow-up was performed at a minimum of 2  years postoperatively in all @entity1 . RESULTS: There was an initial improvement in range of motion and @entity158 scores; however, @entity1 in our study returned to preoperative levels approximately 3.8  months after debridement and capsular release. Twenty @entity1 (60.6%) reported that they were not satisfied with the outcome of the procedure. Total shoulder arthroplasty was undertaken in 14 (42.4%) @entity1 an average of 8.8  months after arthroscopy. Among the 19 (57.6%) @entity1 who did not go on to have total shoulder arthroplasty, ASES scores (42.2 to 50.8; P  = .41) and visual analog scale @entity158 scores (7.8 to 7.4; P  = .59) were similar preoperatively and at final telephone follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated arthroscopic debridement and capsular release without any other procedures were associated with only temporary @entity158 relief and improvement in motion. Although there are limited nonarthroplasty surgical options available for @entity625 , isolated arthroscopic debridement and capsular release may not provide substantial benefit to justify its use in most @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Arthroscopic Debridement and Capsular Release for the Treatment of Shoulder XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral arthritis', 'arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: The second British @entity5 Group trial was a prospective randomised controlled trial of adjuvant radiotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy after gastrectomy for @entity420 . It recruited between 1981 and 1986. No survival advantage has been demonstrated for the @entity1 receiving either type of adjuvant therapy compared with those undergoing surgery alone. We report on 436 @entity1 randomised into the trial together with 203 @entity1 , who did not fulfil the trial criteria, referred to the trial. A univariate (log-rank) analysis of pathological factors obtained from the local referring centres showed that @entity5 size, macroscopic type, number os sites involved, depth of invasion, involvement of resection lines and lymph nodes and histological grade were significant determinants of survival. Histological review by two experienced histopathologists found that the Lauren classification and histological grade, but not the Ming classification, were significant prognostic factors. The degree of lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration and presence of @entity1141 assessed by one of the pathologists showed a significant correlation with survival. However, inter-observer correlation for these histological parameters and grade was poor. Multivariate analysis identified only depth of invasion, resection line and nodal involvement as significant independent pathological variables influencing survival. This study confirms the need for expert preparation of the resected specimen to obtain the important information on depth of invasion and nodal status and also reveals some variation in histological assessment, particularly grading, in @entity356 .

title: Pathological prognostic factors in the second British XXXX Group trial of adjuvant therapy in resectable @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stomach Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stomach Cancer']


abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has many important functions in maintaining the brain's immune-privileged status. Endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes have important roles in preserving vasculature integrity. As we age, cell senescence can contribute to BBB compromise. The compromised BBB allows an influx of inflammatory cytokines to enter the brain. These cytokines lead to neuronal and glial damage. Ultimately, the functional changes within the brain can cause age-related disease. One of the most prominent age-related diseases is @entity385 . @entity64 is the largest cause of disability and is third largest cause of mortality in the United States. The biggest risk factors for @entity64 , besides age, are results of the @entity209 . The @entity209 , if unchecked, quickly advances to outcomes that include @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity65 , and @entity28 . The contribution from these comorbidities to BBB compromise is great. Some of the common molecular pathways activated include: endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive @entity26 species formation, and @entity2227 excitotoxicity. In this chapter, we examine how age-related changes to cells within the central nervous system interact with comorbidities. We then look at how comorbidities lead to increased risk for @entity64 through BBB disruption. Finally, we discuss key molecular pathways of interest with a focus on therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.

title: Aging, the XXXX , and @entity385 : redefining the approach for studying the blood-brain barrier in a complex neurological disease.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective topical decongestion is critical for the safe performance of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). Despite the vasoconstriction offered by topical concentrated (1:1000) @entity1425 (CE), its use has not gained widespread acceptance because of concerns over systemic absorption and its effect on blood pressure and postoperative rebound @entity1415 . The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological changes in blood pressure and rate of @entity1415 with use of topical CE in a variety of endoscopic nasal procedures. METHODS: EES procedures using inhalational anesthesia and topical CE performed on 1140 consecutive @entity1 (14 @entity1 under 18 years) between 2011 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, and @entity86 rates were recorded. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 45.8 years (range, 5-97 years). No intraoperative @entity65 related to CE use were found. Four @entity1 (0.35%) developed @entity86 requiring intervention. The mean estimated @entity190 among @entity1 undergoing bilateral sinus surgery, skull-base surgery, and orbital decompression was (mean    SD) 61.7    51.6 mL, 60.1    115 mL, and 67.9    42.2 mL, respectively. The maximum mean systolic blood pressure among these groups was 108.3    28.3 mmHg, 111.9    27.6 mmHg, and 95.1    31.7 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of topical CE is safe when performing endoscopic endonasal procedures. CE was not associated with any intraoperative complications. The profound intraoperative vasoconstriction does not confer a higher rate of postoperative rebound @entity1415 .

title: Safety and efficacy of concentrated topical XXXX use in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: A novel @entity778 has spread rapidly across the globe. Judging its pandemic potential is difficult with limited data, but nevertheless essential to inform appropriate health responses. By analyzing the outbreak in Mexico, early data on international spread, and viral genetic diversity, we make an early assessment of transmissibility and severity. Our estimates suggest that 23,000 (range 6000 to 32,000) individuals had been infected in Mexico by late April, giving an estimated case fatality ratio (CFR) of 0.4% (range: 0.3 to 1.8%) based on confirmed and suspected @entity204 reported to that time. In a community outbreak in the small community of La Gloria, Veracruz, no @entity204 were attributed to infection, giving an upper 95% bound on CFR of 0.6%. Thus, although substantial uncertainty remains, clinical severity appears less than that seen in the 1918 @entity683 pandemic but comparable with that seen in the 1957 pandemic. Clinical attack rates in @entity1 in La Gloria were twice that in adults (<15 years of age: 61%; >/=15 years: 29%). Three different epidemiological analyses gave basic reproduction number (R0) estimates in the range of 1.4 to 1.6, whereas a genetic analysis gave a central estimate of 1.2. This range of values is consistent with 14 to 73 generations of @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission having occurred in Mexico to late April. Transmissibility is therefore substantially higher than that of seasonal flu, and comparable with lower estimates of R0 obtained from previous @entity683 pandemics.

title: Pandemic potential of a strain of XXXX (H1N1): early findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza A']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity158 on urination and high grade fever-up. Mass was palpated above the right lobe of prostate. Cystoscopy revealed an @entity4 region in the upward to the right ureteral orifice. CT revealed the retrovesical mass in the same region. The surgical specimen obtained by transurethral resection showed severe inflammatory changes, but no @entity5 was found. Antimicrobial chemotherapy had been continued, but the mass did not disappear on palpation and computed tomography and cystoscopy revealed pus-discharge from the center of the @entity4 region was found. An operation was performed under the diagnosis of @entity733 . The terminal ileum had formed adhesion to the posterior bladder wall. Segmental resection of the ileum and partial resection of involved segment of the bladder were performed. The pathological diagnosis was @entity30 . @entity32 of ileum seemed to infiltrate the bladder wall and formed an abscess. After the operation symptoms disappeared.

title: [A case of XXXX due to @entity30 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['retrovesical abscess']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['retrovesical abscess']


abstract: The extent to which a reduced @entity4295 endowment contributes to @entity101 and @entity8 is confounded in models created by intrauterine insults that also demonstrate other phenotypes. Furthermore, recent data suggest that a reduced @entity4295 endowment provides the "first hit" and simply increases the susceptibility to injurious stimuli. Thus we examined @entity4295 number, glomerular volume, conscious mean arterial pressure (MAP), and renal function in a genetic model of reduced @entity4295 endowment before and after a high-salt (5%) diet. One-yr-old glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 , @entity24180 ( @entity24180 ) @entity19 born with two kidneys (HET2K), and @entity24180 @entity19 born with one kidney (HET1K) were used. Nephron number was 25% lower in HET2K and 65% lower in HET1K than @entity164 @entity19 . Glomeruli hypertrophied in both @entity24180 groups by 33%, resulting in total glomerular volumes that were similar between HET2K and @entity164 @entity19 but remained 50% lower in HET1K @entity19 . On a normal-salt diet, 24-h MAP was not different between @entity164 , HET2K, and HET1K @entity19 (102 +/- 1, 103 +/- 1, and 102 +/- 2 mmHg). On a high-salt diet, MAP increased 9.1 +/- 1.9 mmHg in HET1K @entity19 (P < 0.05) and 5.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg in HET2K @entity19 (P < 0.05) and did not change significantly in @entity164 @entity19 . @entity1011 clearance was 60% higher in @entity164 @entity19 but 30% lower in HET2K and HET1K @entity19 fed a high-salt diet than in controls maintained on a normal-salt diet. Thus a reduction in @entity4295 number (or total glomerular volume) alone does not lead to @entity101 or @entity8 in aged @entity19 , but exposure to high salt uncovers a @entity101 and renal phenotype.

title: High-salt diet reveals the @entity101 and renal effects of reduced XXXX endowment.

entities_list: @entity24180 :: ('MESH:C535776', 'Disease') :: ['heterozygous', 'HET']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['nephron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of the effect of @entity303 on healthcare utilization and costs requires separation of the effects of comorbid conditions, often poorly accounted for in existing claims-based studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether two different types of comorbidity and risk adjustment scales, the @entity102 ( @entity102 ) and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), perform similarly in older @entity1 with and without @entity303 . METHODS: All subjects in the community-outreach diagnostic program of the University of Washington @entity195 Research Center Satellite were included (N = 619). Subjects' mean age was 75    9 years; 40% were cognitively normal, 17% were cognitively impaired but not demented, and 43% were demented. @entity102 and CIRS-G scores ( @entity146 excluded to reduce colinearity with group) were examined across strata of age, education, and cognitive classification by using analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and linear regression. RESULTS: CIRS-G scores were sensitive to factors known to be associated with @entity102 burden, including age (F = 21.3 [df = 2, 616], p <0.001), education (F = 6.6 [df = 3, 614], p <0.001), and cognitive status (F = 40.5 [df = 2, 616], p <0.001), whereas the @entity102 was not. In the subset of @entity1 with @entity102 scores of 0 (40% of the total sample), CIRS-G scores ranged from very low to high @entity66 and remained significantly different across age, education, and cognitive status groups. In regression analyses predicting CIRS-G score, @entity102 score and cognitive status interacted (b = -0.10, t = 1.9 [df = 1, 609], p = 0.06). After controlling for age, the amount of variance shared by the CIRS-G-13 and @entity102 differed by cognitive group (>32% for normal and mildly impaired groups combined, 17% for @entity303 ). CONCLUSION: Different methods of measuring and adjusting for comorbidity are not equivalent, and @entity303 amplifies the discrepancies. The @entity102 , if used to control for comorbidity in comparative studies of healthcare utilization and costs for @entity1 with and without @entity303 , will underestimate burden of @entity66 and artificially inflate the costs attributed to @entity303 .

title: Comorbidity in aging and XXXX : scales differ, and the difference matters.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disease', 'burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'Chronic Disease Score', 'CDS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study with blinded examiner. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if pressure @entity158 sensitivity is related to specific nerve trunks in the upper extremity of @entity1 with either unilateral @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) or @entity923 ( @entity923 ). BACKGROUND: In the clinical setting, @entity1 with @entity5251 tend to exhibit radial nerve trunk tenderness, whereas @entity1 with @entity923 exhibit median nerve tenderness. No studies have investigated if specific nerve pressure @entity158 exists in @entity1 with either @entity5251 or @entity923 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with unilateral @entity5251 (mean  SD age, 43  7 years), 17 @entity1 with unilateral @entity923 (43  6 years), and 17 healthy @entity1 (43  6 years) were included in this study. Pressure @entity158 thresholds ( @entity3445 ) were bilaterally assessed over the median, ulnar, and radial nerve trunks, as well as over the C5-6 zygapophyseal joints, by an examiner blinded to the subjects   condition. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in @entity3445 among groups ( @entity5251 , @entity923 , or controls) and between sides (affected/nonaffected or dominant/nondominant). RESULTS: The individuals in both the @entity5251 and @entity923 groups demonstrated lower @entity3445 bilaterally over the median (group, P<.001; side, P=.437), radial (group, P<.001; side, P=.556), and ulnar (group, P<.001; side, P=.938) nerve trunks as compared to controls. Additionally, @entity4542 were more sensitive bilaterally in @entity1 with @entity5251 than in @entity1 with @entity923 . The median nerve was more sensitive bilaterally in @entity1 with @entity923 than @entity1 with @entity5251 (P=.002). Lower @entity3445 over the cervical spine (group, P<.001; side, P=.233) were found bilaterally in both the @entity5251 and @entity923 groups. Further, @entity1 with @entity923 exhibited lower cervical @entity3445 than @entity1 with @entity5251 (P<.001). @entity3445 was negatively correlated with both @entity158 intensity and duration of symptoms in both the @entity5251 and @entity923 groups (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral mechanical nerve @entity158 is related to specific and particular nerve trunks in @entity1 with either unilateral @entity5251 or @entity923 . Our results suggest the presence of central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms in individuals with either @entity5251 or @entity923 .

title: Specific mechanical @entity158 over peripheral nerve trunks in @entity1 with either unilateral epicondylalgia or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylalgia', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: As the target @entity14260 molecule is expressed on erythrocytes of most nonhuman primate strains, using alemtuzumab in these species would cause massive @entity2142 . Six @entity5434 of Indonesian origin, screened by agglutination assay for absence of @entity14260 on erythrocytes, were administered alemtuzumab in a cumulative dose to a maximum of 60 mg/kg. In two monkeys, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) was added as maintenance therapy. Complete depletion of T and B lymphocytes (>99.5%) was achieved with 20 mg/kg alemtuzumab and was more profound than in monkeys treated with antithymocyte globulin (n = 5), as quantified by flow cytometry. Repopulation was suppressed by weekly injections of 10 mg/kg. Without MMF, repopulation of CD20(+)B cells and CD8(+)T cells was complete within 2 and 3 months, respectively, and repopulation of CD4(+)T cells was 67% after 1 year. MMF significantly delayed CD4(+)T-cell repopulation. Among repopulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, a phenotypic shift was observed from CD45RA(hi)CD62L(hi) na  ve cells toward CD45RA(lo)CD62L(lo) effector memory cells. In lymph nodes, the depletion of na  ve cells was more profound than of memory cells, which may have initiated a proliferation of memory cells. This model offers opportunities to investigate lymphocyte depletion/repopulation phenomena, as well as the efficacy of alemtuzumab in preclinical transplantation models.

title: Investigation of lymphocyte depletion and repopulation using alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) prior to open-heart surgery may be a useful approach to minimise the risk of neurologic events in @entity1 undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 referred for carotid intervention at our institution between 1998 and 2005 with concomitant severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) (aortic valve area <1.0 cm2) were included. Data were obtained prospectively and confirmed by chart review. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30-days after @entity2998 or AVR. Secondary endpoints included incidence of @entity64 , @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ), and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) at 30-days after @entity2998 or AVR. @entity1 were followed-up at 30-days, six months, and annually thereafter. Of the 829 @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 , 52 had severe @entity472 . Carotid stenting in 28 (54%) of the @entity1 was attempted using embolic protection devices. Three @entity1 (6%) died <30 days after carotid stenting, and two (4%) died >30 days after carotid stenting but prior to aortic valve replacement. At one year after @entity2998 , a total of nine @entity1 had died. There were a total of 19 @entity204 (37%) over a median follow-up of 3.8 years. One @entity1 (2%) suffered a @entity4905 during carotid stenting; at 30-days and 1-year there were no @entity64 in the @entity2998 group. There were no @entity583 's. AVR was performed in 29 @entity1 (56%), and at 30-days and 1-year there were no @entity64 or @entity204 noted in those @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with severe @entity472 , @entity2998 can be accomplished effectively and with a low rate of @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 .

title: Safety and efficacy of carotid stenting in individuals with concomitant severe carotid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenting']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: Clearance of the beta-blocker, @entity1169 (PR), is decreased in inflammatory conditions such as @entity625 , in both @entity1 and @entity35 . However, @entity32 in arthritic @entity1 is often controlled by drugs such as the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, it is possible that arthritic-induced changes in drug disposition are minimized or suppressed in subjects receiving NSAIDs. To examine this hypothesis, we induced mild and severe @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in @entity35 and daily doses of the NSAID, @entity7988 (KT), were given to half of these @entity35 . The pharmacokinetics of PR were thus examined in nontreated (MILDcontrol and SEVEREcontrol) and KT-treated (MILDKT and SEVEREKT) arthritic @entity35 . Treatment with KT significantly reduced the arthritic index (AI) in the severe model of @entity1753 . In @entity1753 , the AUC0-8 of R- and S-PR were not significantly different in MILDKT @entity35 (R, 15.8 +/- 9.5; S, 1.72 +/- 9.1 mg.hr/liter) as compared with MILDcontrol @entity35 (R, 16.2 +/- 12; S, 1.76 +/- 1.2 mg.hr/liter). On the other hand, the AUC0-8 of both enantiomers were significantly lower in SEVEREKT (R, 39.2 +/- 13.2; S, 2.92 +/- 1.2 mg.hr/liter) as compared with SEVEREcontrol (R, 79.9 +/- 17; S, 6.88 +/- 2.1 mg.hr/liter). A high correlation between disease severity (AI) and the AUC0-8 of R- (r = 0.82) and S-PR (r = 0.81) was observed in all groups. Furthermore, the relationship between the AI and protein binding of R- and S-PR was significant in severe @entity1753 . Therefore, increased plasma concentrations of PR in @entity625 are related to the degree of @entity32 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of severity of XXXX on the disposition kinetics of @entity1169 enantiomers in @entity7988 -treated and untreated @entity1753 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant arthritis', 'AA']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prenatal levels of mitogens may influence the lifetime @entity0 risk by driving stem cell proliferation and increasing the number of target cells, and thereby increasing the chance of mutation events that initiate oncogenesis. We examined in umbilical cord blood the correlation of potential breast epithelial mitogens, including hormones and growth factors, with hematopoietic stem cell concentrations serving as surrogates of overall stem cell potential. METHODS: We analyzed cord blood samples from 289 deliveries. Levels of hormones and growth factors were correlated with concentrations of stem cell and progenitor populations ( @entity2280 + cells, @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells, @entity2280 +c-kit+ cells, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units). Changes in stem cell concentration associated with each standard deviation change in mitogens and the associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated from multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Cord blood plasma levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ) were strongly correlated with all the hematopoietic stem and progenitor concentrations examined (one standard-deviation increase in @entity442 being associated with a 15-19% increase in stem/progenitor concentrations, all P < 0.02). @entity11111 and @entity2301 levels were positively and significantly correlated with some of these cell populations. @entity443 levels were negatively correlated with these stem/progenitor pools. These relationships were stronger in Caucasians and Hispanics and were weaker or not present in Asian-Americans and African-Americans. CONCLUSION: Our data support the concept that in utero mitogens may drive the expansion of stem cell populations. The correlations with @entity442 and @entity172 are noteworthy, as both are crucial for mammary gland development.

title: Correlation of umbilical cord blood hormones and growth factors with stem cell potential: implications for the prenatal origin of XXXX hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['Sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This report describes the clinical and laboratory features of seven cases of @entity3052 associated with the 4;11 chromosomal translocation. All seven @entity1 had @entity981 by standard morphologic and cytochemical criteria. @entity1778 from six of seven @entity1 were terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive. Immunologic phenotyping suggested the @entity1778 were of B cell origin; blasts from five @entity1 expressed HLA-DR and @entity4453 ( @entity6460 antibody), blasts from three @entity1 expressed B4 ( @entity1075 ), and blasts from two @entity1 expressed the common @entity981 antigen ( @entity2282 ). One @entity1 's @entity1778 contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. Analysis of DNA from four of five @entity1 demonstrated additional evidence of B cell differentiation with heavy-chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. When DNA from the four @entity1 with heavy-chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was analyzed, one @entity1 's DNA demonstrated light-chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. However, flow cytometric analysis of blasts from three @entity1 showed the simultaneous expression of the lymphoid-associated antigen B4 ( @entity1075 ) and the myeloid-associated antigen My-1 (X-Hapten). Electron microscopic examination of blasts from one @entity1 that expressed both lymphoid- and myeloid-associated antigens demonstrated ultrastructural characteristics of both lineages. These findings suggest that @entity3052 with the t(4;11) abnormality has mixed lineage characteristics as a result of leukemogenesis in a multipotential progenitor cell or aberrant gene expression later in differentiation. Furthermore, serial analysis of karyotype, immunophenotype, and heavy-chain immunoglobulin genes revealed changes in these biologic markers over time, suggesting continued chromosome rearrangement and gene modulation after the leukemogenic event in cells with the t(4;11).

title: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of XXXX with the 4;11 translocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemic blasts', 'leukemias', 'leukemic blasts']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Long chain @entity844 : @entity9931 ligase (EC 6.2.1.3.) was examined in @entity1 small intestinal mucosa using the @entity10587 -trapping method. With optimal assay requirements using @entity2365 as substrate a significant difference of specific activities could be detected in the total homogenate from duodenum, 40.9 +/- 11.6 nmol/min per mg protein versus upper jejunum, 51.9 +/- 13.7 (P less than 0.05). The enzyme activity of the microsomal fraction of upper jejunum was 101.8 +/- 44 nmol/min per mg protein. @entity855 , @entity9931 , and Mg2+ were essential constituents of the reaction. A broad pH-optimum was observed between 6.75 and 7.75 with a maximum at a pH of 7.25. Whereas @entity2365 in the presence of albumin revealed a wide range of optimal concentration in supporting maximal enzyme activity, oleate was found to strongly inhibit the reaction. Where substrate specificity with both the total homogenate and the microsomal fraction was concerned, maximal reaction rates were obtained with @entity2365 for the long chain saturated @entity1718 C12:0' C14:0' C16:0' and C18:0' and with oleate for the long chain @entity1474 C18:1 C18:2' and C18:3' respectively. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was localised in the microsomal fraction. The kinetic data and properties of the long chain @entity844 : @entity9931 ligase from @entity1 intestine are discussed with respect to the intestinal enzyme from other species.

title: Studies on long chain @entity844 : XXXX ligase from @entity1 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity10587 :: ('CHEBI:24648', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity9931 :: (MESH:D003065,Chemical) :: ['CoA']


abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has become a standard diagnostic procedure in clinical medicine and is well known to have hazards for @entity1 with pacemaker or metallic foreign bodies. Compared to CT, the frequency of MRI examinations is increasing due to the missing exposure of the @entity1 by X-rays. Furthermore, high-field magnetic resonance tomograph (MRT) with 3 T has entered clinical practice, and 7-T systems are installed in multiple scientific institutions. On the other hand, the possibility of @entity130 has been reported only in very few cases. Based on a clinical finding of a @entity130 in a 31-year-old male @entity1 during a routine MRI of the lumbar spine with standard protocol, the MR scanner was checked and the examination was simulated in an animal model. The @entity1 received a third-degree burn @entity272 in a small region of skin contact. The subsequent control of the MRI scanner indicated no abnormal values for radiofrequency (RF) and power. In the subsequent animal experiment, comparable injuries could only be obtained by high RF power in a microwave stove. It is concluded that 'tissue loops' resulting from a contact between hand and pelvis must be avoided. With regard to forensic aspects, the need to inform @entity1 of such a minimal risk can be avoided if the @entity1 are adequately positioned using an isolating material between the hands and pelvis. These facts must be emphasized more in the future, if high-field MRI with stronger RF gradients is available in routine imaging.

title: XXXX by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'burn injury']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the skin of the right hand and pelvis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Burn injury']