abstract: Congenital hyperargininaemia is a rare condition transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Following a one-year free @entity391 , psychomotor regression and @entity3500 with @entity5110 progressively develop. The diagnosis, confirmed by @entity369 assays in blood and urine, is probably often missed. We report a case of homozygous @entity12842 belatedly diagnosed at the age of 18 years, when treatment with @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) was instituted. This female @entity1 presented with psychomotor regression since the age of 15 months and with paraparesis since she was 3 years' old. These symptoms rapidly became worse. At the age of 18 years, when she was bed-ridden, she was hospitalized for subintrant @entity410 . EEG showed generalized, continuous spike-wave discharges at the rate of 3.5 c/s. Treatment with @entity2052 was instituted. Five days later, she went into a state of stupor. Blood @entity3265 level was elevated at 362 mumol/l. @entity2052 was discontinued, and this was followed by a regression of @entity1662 and by a decrease in arterial ammoniaemia, although the @entity3265 levels remained high, fluctuating between 40 and 100 mumol/l. Several months after @entity2052 treatment was interrupted, the @entity1 had a second episode of stupor, and her ammoniaemia was 500 mumol/l. Serum @entity535 chromatography showed hyperargininaemia at 501 mumol/l (N = 30-150 mumol/l). The diagnosis of @entity12842 was confirmed by the rise of @entity369 in red cells, cerebrospinal fluid and urine and, above all, by the finding of a deeply depressed arginase activity in erythrocytes. In all cases of intolerance to @entity2052 , arterial ammoniaemia should be measured after withdrawal of @entity2052 , some time after the acute episode.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Late diagnosis of XXXX during administration of @entity1092 ].

entities_list: @entity12842 :: ('MESH:D020162', 'Disease') :: ['arginase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['interval, repeated vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity5110 :: ('MESH:D004863', 'Disease') :: ['talipes equinus']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity12842 :: (MESH:D020162,Disease) :: ['congenital argininemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33480 ( @entity33480 ) clinics form the mainstay of forensic @entity146 services in the Netherlands. Their costs are rising, but little is known about how these costs are distributed. AIM: To determine the distribution of service costs for @entity1 with @entity1314 in @entity33480 medium security units in the Netherlands. METHOD: Data on service use were extracted retrospectively from the case files of 55 @entity1 with @entity1314 who are residents in six medium security units within two @entity33480 centres during 2006 (De Rooyse Wissel and Pompestichting). Standard unit costs were obtained for each service, and multiplied by frequency of service use to obtain the total cost of service per @entity1 . A modified version of the Secure Facilities Service Use Schedule was completed. RESULTS: The average daily cost of a bed in a @entity33480 hospital in 2006 was 388 @entity7634 (402 (SD 37) @entity7634 in De Rooyse Wissel; 375 (SD 48) @entity7634 in the Pompestichting). @entity7298 (overheads). There was considerable difference between @entity1 and between unit variations in the other costs, but about one-third went on costs of staying in department (sociotherapists), and less than 10% each on specific therapeutic interventions or daily activities. About 3% of the budget overall was spent on other costs, but, as these included escorted leaves, at times these costs accounted for a much higher proportion of the per @entity1 expenditure. CONCLUSION: Our results may provide a baseline measurement, with which future costs of @entity33480 treatment can be compared as the services expand and develop. More attention to costs in this way may help to contain budget increases. New studies could examine more specific aspects of treatment or other specific @entity1 groups.

title: Cost of care of XXXX with @entity1314 in forensic @entity146 hospitals in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['Over half of this was spent on non-treatment fixed costs']

entities_list: @entity33480 :: ('MESH:C537274', 'Disease') :: ['TBS', 'Ter beschikking stelling']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Beneficial effects of @entity12721 , @entity9781 ( @entity9781 ) agonists, on @entity65 have been reported. However, the effects of these agonists on left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 have not been clarified. To investigate whether @entity12098 improves LV @entity1184 , we used 32-week-old @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR-SP) that had been treated or not treated with @entity12098 (10 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). We evaluated LV geometry by echocardiography; myocyte @entity1184 , tissue @entity82 , and appearance of myofibroblasts by histological examination; mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); protein expression by Western blot; activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) by zymography; and production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by electron spin resonance spectroscopy or @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS). SHR-SP showed @entity1184 of the LV, but WKY did not. The myocyte diameter, fraction of tissue @entity82 , and number of myofibroblasts were greater in SHR-SP. mRNA expressions of collagen type I and type III, tissue growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and @entity18107 ( @entity18107 ); protein expression of @entity2528 ( @entity2528 ); activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 ; and ROS were increased in SHR-SP. @entity12098 did not decrease blood pressure, but partially normalized LV geometry in addition to decreasing myocyte diameter, interstitial @entity82 and number of myofibroblasts; mRNA levels of @entity18107 ; @entity11017 activity; and protein level of @entity2528 . However, the mRNA level of collagen type III and @entity1810 , @entity6929 activity, and ROS production were not improved. In conclusion, @entity12098 reversed the concentric LV remodeling independently from blood pressure or oxidative stress in chronic @entity101 .

title: Beneficial effects of @entity12098 on left ventricular hypertrophy in genetically @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9781 :: ('25664(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity2528 :: ('64032(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CTGF', 'connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['collagen type I and BNP', 'BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels are increased in @entity712 . In @entity35 with experimental @entity712 , the elevation in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide bore a close relationship to the size of the @entity583 and the degree of @entity67 . @entity1372 retention, assessed by changes in exchangeable body @entity1372 , could not be demonstrated in this model of @entity299 . Even @entity35 receiving a low- @entity1372 diet had increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels following coronary artery ligation despite a significant decrease in exchangeable body @entity1372 . This establishes that the elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels found in @entity712 are a consequence of @entity67 and increased intracardiac pressures rather than a reflection of the salt and water status. Alternatively, the elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide may limit salt and water retention in this model. In these animals with high circulating atrial natriuretic peptide levels, "down-regulation" of renal atrial natriuretic peptide receptors could be demonstrated. This decrease in renal atrial natriuretic peptide receptor numbers may, in part, explain the blunted response to infused atrial natriuretic peptide in @entity712 . However, changes in renal atrial natriuretic peptide receptors alone would appear to be insufficient to lead to salt and water retention without the activation of other @entity1372 -retaining mechanisms that occur with the progression of @entity712 . Nevertheless, this down-regulation of renal atrial natriuretic peptide may then contribute to the salt and water retention that occurs in congestive @entity712 . The close relationship between increases in atrial natriuretic peptide and @entity67 rather than @entity1372 balance suggests that atrial natriuretic peptide's primary role in the circulation may be to produce venodilation and increase capillary permeability. This may act rapidly to reduce cardiac preload and prevent @entity891 . Vasodilation and natriuresis may then become supplementary actions to maintain cardiac output and remove the excess fluid.

title: Regulation of cardiac preload by atrial natriuretic peptide in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'biventricular heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive cardiac failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 and @entity5300 are known, though rare complications of coronary artery surgery. The ulnar nerve is most frequently affected, whereas @entity4542 are much less common accounting for only 3% of such intraoperative injuries. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Two 52- and 50-year-old @entity1 underwent coronary artery surgery. On the first postoperative day they both complained of wrist drop on the left. Neurological examination revealed a paresis of the wrist and finger extensor muscles (0/5), and the brachioradialis (4/5) with hypoaesthesia on the radial aspect of the dorsum of the left hand. Both biceps and triceps reflexes were normoactive, whereas the brachioradialis reflex was diminished on the left. Muscles innervated from the median and ulnar nerve, as well as all muscles above the elbow were unaffected. Electrophysiological studies were performed 3 weeks later, when muscle power of the affected muscles had already begun to improve. Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography revealed a partial conduction block of the radial nerve along the spiral groove, motor axonal loss distal to the site of the lesion and moderate impairment in recruitment with fibrillation potentials in radial innervated muscles below the elbow and normal findings in triceps and deltoid. Electrophysiology data pointed towards a @entity4542 in the spiral groove. We assume external compression as the causative factor. The only apparatus attached to the @entity1 ' left upper arm was the sternal retractor, used for dissection of the internal mammary artery. Both @entity1 were overweight and lying on the operating table for a considerable time might have caused the compression of their left upper arm on the self retractor's supporting column which was fixed to the table rail 5 cm above the left elbow joint, in the site where the radial nerve is directly apposed to the humerus. CONCLUSION: Although very uncommon, external compression due to the use of a self retractor during coronary artery surgery can affect--especially in @entity28 subjects--the radial nerve within the spiral groove leading to paresis and should therefore be included in the list of possible mechanisms of @entity4542 .

title: Intraoperative XXXX during coronary artery surgery--report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve injury', 'radial nerve lesions']

answer: @entity4542 :: (MESH:D020425,Disease) :: ['radial nerve injury']


abstract: AIM: It is general believed that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathology of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). @entity14759 ( @entity14760 ), a natural @entity3096 extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, has recently been found to elicit potent anti-oxidative effects. In the present study, we explored the role of @entity14760 in protecting dopaminergic neurons. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) for 7 d to induce @entity191 . Additionally, mice were treated with either 5 or 10 mg/kg @entity14760 for a total of 13 d (3 d before the start of @entity5212 , during @entity5212 administration (7 d) and 3 d after the end of @entity5212 ). For the saline or @entity14760 alone treatment groups, mice were injected with saline or @entity14760 for 13 d. On d 14, behavioral tests (locomotor activity, the rotarod test and the pole test) were administered. After the behavioral tests, the mice were sacrificed, and brain tissue was collected for immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. In addition, MES23.5 cells were treated with @entity9016 and @entity14760 , and evaluated using cell viability assays, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) measurements, apoptosis analysis and Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity14760 significantly attenuated @entity5212 -induced mouse @entity146 and dopaminergic neuron loss. In the MES23.5 cells, @entity14760 attenuated @entity9016 -induced cell injury and ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, @entity14760 increased @entity6913 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which may be associated with @entity14760 -induced dopaminergic neuronal protection. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that @entity14760 is a potent neuroprotective agent for DA neurons by modulating the @entity1994 / @entity6913 pathway, which suggests that @entity14760 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for @entity191 .

title: @entity14759 protects neurons in an @entity5212 -induced model of @entity191 by suppressing XXXX activity.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine', 'MPTP']

entities_list: @entity6913 :: ('56637(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GSK-3b', 'glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity14759 :: ('MESH:C472036', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydromyricetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity6913 :: (56637(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta']


abstract: Defensins are generally implicated in the quick resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbials; however, recent reports have indicated that defensins also have unknown purposes in relation to noninfectious diseases. In this study, the localization patterns of anti-microbial peptides, b defensins (BDs), in the tracheal epithelium of male C3H @entity19 under exposure to @entity8336 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. @entity19 were exposed one to ten times to @entity8336 for 30 min by nose-only inhalation. Expression of BDs was revealed by immunohistochemistry in serial sections of @entity825 after the final exposure. Expression of @entity30610 was usually observed at almost the same levels in all exposure groups, and expression of @entity30611 was observed in the control group; however, the signals for @entity30611 decreased gradually with frequency of exposure. In the group exposed ten times, expression of @entity30611 decreased to far lower than that of the control group. No expression of @entity30612 was detected in any groups. Interestingly, expression of @entity30613 increased to the maximum in the group exposed four times and decreased to a level lower than that of the control in the group exposed ten times. The results of the present study indicated that @entity8336 gas might change the expression pattern of BDs in the tracheal epithelial cells. The oscillation of expression of @entity30613 was quite characteristic and might contribute to morphological damage in on the epithelial cells.

title: @entity8336 Exposure Leads to a Change in Expression Patterns of b Defensins in the XXXX Tracheal Epithelium.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to analyze the pattern of regional recurrence in @entity5 , evaluate the role of surgical salvage, and identify factors affecting salvage outcome. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from a 16-year period. Of 463 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 , 25 @entity1 with regional recurrence managed with salvage neck dissection were identified and subject to study. Isolated local recurrences and all distant metastases were excluded. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male with a median age of 61 years. The overall rate of regional recurrence was 5.4%. Median time to regional recurrence was 13 months. Isolated regional recurrence occurred in 76% of cases, whereas locoregional recurrence occurred in 24%. A 5-year survival rate for @entity1 undergoing neck dissection as salvage management was 61.2%. @entity1 with recurrence in the contralateral neck were definitely associated with poor prognosis. Although standard statistical significance was not met, trends for poorer salvage result were identified in @entity1 with a history of local recurrence before regional recurrence, recurrence in a previously dissected neck, and recurred node size of 3 cm or above. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that salvage neck dissection for regional recurrence in @entity5 is an acceptable approach. Surgical eradication of disease should be warranted whenever possible. Prudent planning of management is mandatory in the presence of history of local recurrence before regional recurrence, previously dissected neck, large size of recurrent node, and contralateral neck recurrence.

title: Role of surgical salvage for regional recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no agreement on the ideal treatment of @entity19386 , especially the type of interposition material to be used. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with @entity8213 resection and interposition of tensor fascia lata grafts. METHODS: A chart review was conducted for all @entity1 treated for @entity19386 between 2000 and 2004. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, length of time to @entity8213 resection, range-of-motion, @entity1 satisfaction, and @entity260 were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were identified for this study. The mean preoperative pronation was 14 degrees and the mean postoperative pronation was 62 degrees. The mean preoperative supination was 4 degrees and the mean postoperative supination was 62 degrees. The mean follow-up time was 30 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity8213 resection with tensor fascia lata graft interposition is an effective technique for the treatment of @entity19386 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

title: The use of tensor fascia lata interposition grafts for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic radioulnar synostosis', 'posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity19386 :: (MESH:C562408,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to: (1) establish the typical experience of menstruation for senior high school @entity1 and (2) determine how many experience considerable @entity1866 that could require further investigation and management of underlying pathology. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Senior High Schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. POPULATION: A total of 1051 @entity1 aged between 15 and 19 years. METHODS: Data based on a quantitative survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reports of @entity548 patterns, typical and atypical symptoms and morbidities. RESULTS: Typical menstruation in adolescence includes @entity158 (93%), cramping (71%), @entity1109 (96%) and @entity1316 (73%). Highly significant associations were found between increasing severity of @entity1834 , number of menstrual-related symptoms, interference with life activities and school absence. These associations indicate that approximately 25% of the sample had marked @entity1866 : 21% experienced severe @entity158 ; 26% school absence; 26% suffering five or more symptoms; > or =24% reporting moderate to high interference with four out of nine life activities. Approximately 10% reported atypical symptoms associated with menstruation. Diagnosis of menstrual pathology in the sample was low, even though 33% had seen a GP and 9% had been referred to a specialist. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1834 and symptoms are common in teenagers. @entity1 indicating moderate to severe @entity158 in association with a high number of menstrual symptoms, school absence and interference with life activities should be effectively managed to minimise menstrual morbidity. Those @entity1 who do not respond to medical management should be considered for further investigation for possible underlying pathology, such as @entity46 .

title: The XXXX of teenagers (MDOT) study: determining typical menstrual patterns and @entity1866 in a large population-based study of Australian teenagers.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual pain', 'menstrual pain']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['menstrual disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcriptional networks play a central role in @entity5 development. The authors described a systems biology approach to @entity5 classification based on the reverse engineering of the transcriptional network surrounding the 2 most common types of @entity2 : @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ). METHODS: A transcriptional network classifier was inferred from the molecular profiles of 111 @entity1 @entity2 . The authors tested its classification accuracy in 7 independent cohorts, for a total of 422 subjects of Caucasian, African, and Asian descent. RESULTS: The model for distinguishing @entity420 from @entity957 was a 25-gene network signature. Its performance on the 7 independent cohorts achieved 95.2% classification accuracy. Even more surprisingly, 95% of this accuracy was explained by the interplay of 3 genes ( @entity10642 , @entity16552 , @entity25867 ) on a narrow cytoband of chromosome 12. The role of this chromosomal region in distinguishing @entity420 and @entity957 was further confirmed by the analysis of another group of 28 independent subjects assayed by DNA copy number changes. The copy number variations of bands 12q12, 12q13, and 12q12-13 discriminated these samples with 84% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the existence of a robust signature localized in a relatively small area of the genome, and show the clinical potential of reverse engineering transcriptional networks from molecular profiles.

title: A transcriptional network signature characterizes XXXX subtypes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The standard palliative chemotherapy for @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is @entity136 -based chemotherapy; however, @entity1124 still presents a major therapeutic challenge. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression pattern of genes involved in @entity136 sensitivity in resected @entity1124 tissues and to determine correlations of gene expression with treatment outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 70 @entity1 with @entity1124 . Of the 70 @entity1 , 40 received @entity136 -based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). We measured @entity11573 , @entity25834 , @entity4737 , @entity4736 , and @entity16071 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and determined the combined score (GEM score), based on the expression levels of @entity11573 , @entity25834 , @entity4736 , and @entity16071 , to investigate the association with survival time. By determining the expression levels of these genes in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytologic specimens, we investigated the feasibility of individualized chemotherapy. RESULTS: High @entity25834 (P = .0067), low @entity16071 (P = .003), and high GEM score (P = .0003) groups had a significantly longer disease-free survival in the @entity136 -treated group. A low GEM score (<2) was an independent predictive marker for poor outcome to @entity136 -based AC as shown by multivariate analysis (P = .0081). Altered expression levels of these genes were distinguishable in microdissected neoplastic cells from EUS-FNA cytologic specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative analyses of @entity11573 , @entity25834 , @entity4736 , and @entity16071 mRNA levels using FFPE tissue samples and microdissected neoplastic cells from EUS-FNA cytologic specimens may be useful in predicting the @entity136 sensitivity of @entity1 with @entity1124 .

title: Gene expression levels as predictive markers of outcome in pancreatic cancer after XXXX -based adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity245 that disturb speech and language are highly heritable. Isolation of the underlying genetic risk factors has been hampered by complexity of the phenotype and potentially large number of contributing genes. One exception is the identification of rare heterozygous mutations of the @entity18247 gene in a monogenic syndrome characterised by impaired sequencing of articulatory gestures, disrupting speech ( @entity1742 , @entity1741 ), as well as @entity51 in expressive and receptive language. The protein encoded by @entity18247 belongs to a divergent subgroup of forkhead-box transcription factors, with a distinctive DNA-binding domain and motifs that mediate hetero- and homodimerisation. @entity12624 , the most closely related member of this subgroup, can directly interact with @entity18247 and is co-expressed in neural structures relevant to speech and @entity3180 . Moreover, investigations of songbird orthologues indicate that combinatorial actions of the two proteins may play important roles in vocal learning, leading to the suggestion that @entity1 @entity12624 should be considered a strong candidate for involvement in @entity1741 . Thus, in this study, we screened the entire coding region of @entity12624 (exons and flanking intronic sequence) for @entity377 changes in a panel of probands used earlier to detect novel mutations in @entity18247 . A non-synonymous coding change was identified in a single proband, yielding a @entity1521 -to- @entity493 change ( @entity28186 ). However, this was also found in a random control sample. Analyses of non-coding SNP changes did not find any correlation with affection status. We conclude that @entity12624 mutations are unlikely to represent a major cause of @entity1741 .

title: Assessing the impact of @entity12624 mutations on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['multiple deficits']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['developmental verbal dyspraxia']

answer: @entity1742 :: (MESH:D001072,Disease) :: ['developmental verbal dyspraxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been the main treatment for brain @entity3 . Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) delivers high-dose focused radiation and is being increasingly utilized to treat brain @entity3 . The benefit of adding SRS to WBRT is unclear. This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 6, 2010. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of WBRT plus SRS versus WBRT alone in the treatment of brain @entity3 . SEARCH METHODS: In the original review we searched the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (1966 to 2009), EMBASE (1980 to 2009), and CancerLit (1975 to 2009) in order to identify trials for inclusion in this review.In this update we searched the following electronic databases in May 2012: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 5, 2012), MEDLINE (2009 to May week 4 2012), and EMBASE (2009 to 2012 week 21) in order to identify trials for inclusion in the review. SELECTION CRITERIA: The review was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared use of WBRT plus SRS versus WBRT alone for upfront treatment of adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3 (single or multiple) in the brain resulting from any primary, extracranial @entity5 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The Generic Inverse Variance method, random-effects model in RevMan 5 was used for the meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS: A meta-analysis of two trials with a total of 358 @entity1 , found no statistically significant difference in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between WBRT plus SRS and WBRT alone groups (hazard ratio (HR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 1.02). For @entity1 with one brain @entity3 median survival was significantly longer in WBRT plus SRS group (6.5 months) versus WBRT group (4.9 months; P = 0.04). @entity1 in the WBRT plus SRS group had decreased local failure compared to @entity1 who received WBRT alone (HR 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.52). Furthermore, a statistically significant improvement in performance status scores and decrease in @entity134 use was seen in the WBRT plus SRS group. Unchanged or improved Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) at 6 months was seen in 43% of @entity1 in the combined therapy group versus only 28% in WBRT group (P = 0.03). Overall, risk of bias in the included studies was unclear. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Since the last version of this review no new studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. Given the unclear risk of bias in the included studies, the results of this analysis have to be interpreted with caution. Analysis of all included @entity1 , SRS plus WBRT, did not show a survival benefit over WBRT alone. However, performance status and local control were significantly better in the SRS plus WBRT group. Furthermore, significantly longer @entity1349 was reported in the combined treatment group for recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Class I @entity1 as well as @entity1 with single @entity3 .

title: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographically (US)-guided 14-gauge core-needle biopsy (CNB) for @entity1185 without atypia and to determine whether clinical and radiologic features could be used to predict an upgrade to @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective study, with a waiver of informed consent. The histologic results of US-guided CNB procedures performed from January 2006 through January 2009 were reviewed. A total of 160 @entity1185 without atypia that were diagnosed at CNB and excised surgically in 143 @entity1 (age range, 19-77 years) were assessed. Medical records and sonograms in the @entity1 were reviewed. Two radiologists working in consensus correlated imaging findings with the biopsy result to determine concordance. For the upgrade to @entity5 after excision, malignant lesions were compared with nonmalignant lesions for the collected clinical and radiologic variables, which included @entity1 age, lesion size, and lesion distance from the nipple, by using the   (2) or Fisher exact test for categoric variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Eight (5.0%) of 160 @entity1185 were upgraded to @entity5 . Lesions that were 1 cm or larger (seven [11%] of 63) showed a higher upgrade rate than lesions that were smaller than 1 cm (one [1%] of 97) (P = .006). The upgrade rate was higher in @entity1 aged 50 years or older (six [16%] of 37) than in @entity1 younger than 50 years (two [2%] of 123) (P = .002). Lesions that were 3 cm or farther from the nipple (four [13%] of 31) showed a higher upgrade rate than lesions that were less than 3 cm from the nipple (four [3.1%] of 129) (P = .046). Upgrade rates for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 5 lesions were 0%, 2.5%, 6%, 27%, and 25%, respectively (P = .010). CONCLUSION: At US-guided 14-gauge CNB, @entity1185 without atypia could be diagnosed accurately. Discordance between imaging and pathology results, as well as @entity1 age of 50 years or older, lesion size of 1 cm or greater, lesion distance from the nipple of 3 cm or greater, and BI-RADS category may be helpful in predicting the possibility of upgrade to @entity5 .

title: XXXX without atypia diagnosed at US-guided 14-gauge core-needle biopsy: clinical and US features predictive of upgrade to @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['benign papillomas', 'papillomas', 'benign papilloma']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['Benign papilloma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In adult phalanx @entity174 with delayed union, we obtained good results from @entity258 ( @entity258 ) @entity174 treatment. METHODS: The subjects were 10 @entity1 (7 male and 3 female) presenting with adult @entity174 with delayed union. The average age was 38.3-year-old. Eight cases presented with @entity174 and 2 with proximal @entity174 . Six cases involved a closed @entity174 and 4 cases an open @entity174 . The average @entity258 start time was 3.1 months, and the average treatment period was 5.1 months. RESULTS: Bone union was obtained in 9 cases (90%). The single case in which bone union was not obtained involved nail deficient severe open @entity174 . The ratios of joint range of motion on the other side were 50%-100% (average 78.5%). Although a mild @entity272 was seen on the @entity258 treatment site in one case as a complication, it was effectively treated by medication. DISCUSSION: @entity258 demonstrated significant effects in adult phalanx @entity174 when the maximum gap was small. We saw a bone union 90% of the cases without additional surgery, and confirmed the validity of @entity258 .

title: 6. Outcome of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ( XXXX ) Treatment for Adult Phalanx Delayed Union.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LIPUS', 'low-intensity pulsed ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'phalanx fracture', 'distal phalanx fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['LIPUS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5244 exposure impairs testis development and function, however whether @entity5600 affect non-reproductive functions is not well understood. To investigate this, C57Bl/6J @entity19 were fed 1-500 mg @entity15523 ( @entity11559 ) in @entity4336 oil, or vehicle only, daily from 4-14 days, after which tissues were collected (prepubertal study). Another group was fed 1-500 mg @entity11559 /kg/day from 4-21 days then maintained untreated until 8 weeks for determination of adult consequences of prepubertal exposure. Bones were assessed by micro-computed tomography and dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry, and @entity251 by radioimmunoassay. @entity11559 exposure decreased prepubertal femur length, marrow volume and mean moment of inertia. Adult animals exposed prepubertally to low @entity11559 doses had lower bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and less lean tissue mass than vehicle-treated animals. Altered dynamics of the emerging Leydig population were found in 14 day old animals fed 100-500 mg @entity11559 /kg/day. Adult @entity19 had variable testicular @entity251 and serum @entity251 and luteinizing hormone concentrations following prepubertal exposure, and dose-dependent reduction in @entity28226 . @entity36384 was detected in Sertoli cells of adult @entity19 administered the highest dose of 500 mg @entity11559 /kg/day prepubertally, a finding supported by the induction of @entity36384 expression in TM4 cells exposed to 50   M, but not 5   M, @entity11559 . We propose that low dose @entity11559 exposure is detrimental to bone but that normal BMD/BMC following high dose @entity11559 exposure reflects changes in testicular somatic cells that confer protection to bones. These findings will fuel concerns that low dose @entity11559 exposure impacts health beyond the reproductive axis.

title: Prepubertal XXXX exposure alters Sertoli and Leydig cell function and lowers bone density in adult male @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['Phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['di-n-butyl phthalate']

answer: @entity15523 :: (MESH:D003993,Chemical) :: ['di-n-butyl phthalate']


abstract: There are few reports of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p and 19q in @entity5 , especially @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We evaluated 1p and 19q (either or both) heterozygosity status in 71 @entity816 , including 6 pediatric cases: 20 diffuse @entity816 (DA), 9 @entity816 ( @entity816 ), and 42 @entity463 . In the GBMs, @entity876 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization; @entity876 sequencing was done in 15 of the GBMs. In adults, LOH of 1p or 19q was detected in 16% of DAs and 50% of GBMs; none of the AAs showed this alteration. In GBMs, LOH of 19q was most common (26%), followed by combined 1p and 19q LOH (13%) and 1p LOH (10%). Pediatric GBMs also harbored isolated 1p and 19q LOH (50%). Notably, LOH of 1p or 19q LOH was more frequent in @entity876 immunopositive secondary GBMs (61%) than in primary GBMs (17%). This suggests that LOH of 1p and 19q may be acquired during progression to secondary GBMs. Thus, 1p and 19q LOH can occur in @entity5 , most commonly in secondary GBMs without morphological correlation with an oligodendroglial histology. The clinical significance of recognition of this subset of GBMs is based on several recent reports of association with better prognosis, although long-term follow-up studies are required.

title: Heterozygosity status of 1p and 19q and its correlation with @entity876 protein expression and XXXX amplification in patients with @entity5 : novel series from India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'AA', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Simple, objective and inexpensive tools for the assessment of @entity32 in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of activity markers comparing two sampling methods: fecal samples and the mucosal patch technique. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with active @entity31 and 14 healthy controls were characterized by means of clinical indices and endoscopy together with histology and immunohistochemistry on colorectal sections. Neutrophil @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), calprotectin, @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), eosinophil protein X ( @entity29074 / @entity14335 ) and @entity1356 were analyzed in fecal samples and rectal fluid collected by the patch technique. @entity842 (NO) was analyzed in rectal gas samples. Expression of activity markers on colorectal neutrophils and eosinophils were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: All fecal and patch markers were increased in @entity31 @entity1 compared with healthy controls. Fecal markers and the level of neutrophil activation correlated to disease activity, whereas patch markers did not. The best markers in terms of discriminative power were fecal @entity3335 and @entity1356 . Fecal marker levels were related to sigmoidal histology scores and to neutrophil number and activation. Patch markers were related to @entity32 only. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of @entity32 markers in feces and patch fluid distinctly reflected active @entity32 in @entity31 . The degree of disease activity was however best assessed by fecal markers, particularly @entity3335 and @entity1356 . Fecal markers reflect @entity14 both macroscopically and on a cellular level, and may be useful for the evaluation of subclinical @entity32 . The applicability of patch markers is restricted to @entity32 .

title: Evaluation of biomarkers for XXXX comparing two sampling methods: fecal markers reflect @entity14 both macroscopically and on a cellular level.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation', 'rectal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal inflammation']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: We studied three @entity1 with the @entity1162 . They were aged 42, 52 and 25 years and had experienced recurrent @entity1163 . We followed case 1 for 17, case 2 for 18, and case 3 for over 6 y. The attacks tended to occur during the premenstrual stage in case 1 and case 2; case 3 often experienced attacks after exercise. The QT(U)c intervals on admission were 0.68, 0.62, and 0.50 in case 1, 2, and 3, respectively. @entity1166 followed by @entity2224 was documented in case 1 and case 2. Although each was treated with a beta-blocker, none was fully compliant with the regimen. In case 1, @entity172 therapy administered to maintain the hormonal balance premenstrually effectively prevented attacks. Despite the inconsistent use of beta-blockers, the attacks in case 1 and case 2 tended to decrease with age. Case 2 experienced no attacks after menopause. Cause 3 took medication consistently and remained free of attacks for over 6 y. Although she discontinued beta-blocker therapy because of pregnancy, she has experienced no attacks to date. These case studies suggest that hormonal status may be important in the development of @entity1163 in female @entity1 with the @entity1162 .

title: Long-term follow-up study of three XXXX with the @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['Torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal attacks']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the utility of ultrasound to show subclinical feet disease in @entity309 . METHODS: The foot joints (talocrural, talocalcaneal, talonavicular, naviculocuneiform, calcaneocuboid, 5th tarsometatarsal and 1st to 5th metatarsophalangeal [MTP] joints) of 50 healthy subjects and 50 @entity309 @entity1 , with asymptomatic feet, were compared bilaterally. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Twenty-two joints were examined per individual (2200 in the entire sample). Significantly higher values were found in the @entity309 group regarding quantitative @entity603 in all joints recesses (p<0.003), the presence of @entity603 (p<0.035) (except the 5thtarsometatarsal and 3rdMTP joint), power Doppler (PD) signals (p<0.029) (talocalcaneal, talonavicular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4thMTP joints) and @entity79 (p<0.003) (except for the talocrural and @entity2720 ). @entity603 , PD signals and @entity2681 were observed in 18.3% and 3.05% (p<0.001), 5.77% and 0.22% (p<0.001) and 34.45% and 2.85% (p<0.001) of the @entity309 group and control group, respectively. Greater DAS-28, HAQ and FFI values were associated with ultrasound findings in only some joints (p<0.046). Interobserver agreement was  <=0.686 for semi-quantitative @entity603 ,  <=0.641 for quantitative @entity603 ,  <=0.474 for PD signals and  <=1.000 for @entity2681 . Low Cohen Kappa values were found in the correlation between radiography and ultrasound (0.084-0.400). CONCLUSIONS. Ultrasound on @entity309 asymptomatic feet demonstrated a significantly greater number of inflammatory changes in current activity ( @entity603 , PD signals) and sequelae ( @entity2681 ) in comparison to control subjects. In the midfoot, the talonavicular joint has the greatest number of ultrasound findings.

title: Usefulness of US to show XXXX in asymptomatic feet of @entity309 @entity1 compared to healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['talocalcaneal joints']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['subclinical joint abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4034 in the @entity6 foot is a difficult problem with multiple etiologies. The effects of @entity1095 , @entity16 , and repetitive @entity130 all interact to produce complex lesions with exposed bone, surrounding @entity2688 , and gangrenous changes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study over a 14-year period at a community hospital looking at @entity4034 in the @entity6 foot. We looked at the contributing factors, organisms involved, most common locations, physical findings, and surgical procedures necessary to treat this condition. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence and effect of @entity1095 in @entity6 @entity1 with foot ulcers. RESULTS: There were a total of 150 @entity1 requiring 278 hospitalizations over the 14-year period who represented 14% of all @entity6 admissions. A total of 438 surgical procedures were necessary in these @entity1 , with the most common being debridement (39%) and toe amputation (19%). There were 6 deaths (4%) in this series, and leg amputation was necessary in 21 @entity1 (14%). A vascular bypass was necessary for healing and limb salvage in 36 @entity1 (24%). Most of the bypasses (85%) were with autogenous tissue to the distal leg in order to limit the extent of amputation and to preserve a functional limb. CONCLUSION: @entity63 is often a contributing factor in the @entity4760 that must be recognized and treated to avoid prolonged hospitalization, spreading infection, and unnecessary amputation.

title: The effects of @entity1095 with @entity4034 in the XXXX foot.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Early onset of @entity167 and @entity286 use during adolescence increases the risk for establishing a substance use disorder in adulthood. Both @entity167 and @entity1239 stimulate the @entity935 (DA) and the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) systems. The DA system has been implicated in the mediation of the rewarding effects of self-administered drugs of abuse. A possible role of an interaction between these neurotransmitter systems in substance use behavior has been suggested but is as yet unknown. The present study was designed to examine the influence of the DA D4 receptor ( @entity4131 ) and the @entity750 transporter (5-HTT) genotype and their interaction on adolescent @entity167 and @entity286 experimentation. @entity1 were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort consisting initially of 384 @entity1 from a high-risk community sample. At the age of 15 years, adolescents completed a self-report questionnaire measuring @entity286 and @entity167 consumption. DNA was taken from 305 @entity1 (146 @entity1 , 159 @entity1 ) and genotyped for the @entity4131 exon III and the @entity16068 polymorphisms. The @entity4131 7-repeat allele was associated with greater smoking and drinking involvement in @entity1 . In @entity1 , a significant @entity4131 x 5-HTT interaction was detected. @entity1 without the @entity4131 7-repeat allele and who were homozygous for the long allele of @entity16068 displayed the highest smoking and drinking activity. The genetic and potential molecular background underlying adolescent vulnerability to @entity734 is discussed.

title: Interaction between the @entity935 D4 receptor and the @entity750 transporter promoter polymorphisms in @entity167 and XXXX use among 15-year-olds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the family and economic burden of @entity9569 . METHODS: Relevant information on 226 chronic @entity2040 @entity1 from four surveillance sites in Yangxin county was collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 219 of them who agreed to corporate. Family burden was estimated with standard @entity74 ( @entity4434 ). Direct economic burden was calculated by questionnaire survey. @entity1 capital method combined with Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) was adopted to evaluate the indirect economic burden. RESULTS: The positive rates on the dimensions of family economic burden and family entertainment were 54.8 percent and 47.0 percent respectively. The remaining dimensions were lower than 40.0 percent. Results of the questionnaire survey among 219 chronic @entity2040 @entity1 showed that the total economic burden was 353,480.59 Chinese Yuan, which was 1614.07 Yuan per @entity1 . The direct and indirect economic burden were 61,679 and 291,801.59 Yuan respectively. The average direct and indirect economic burden when counted on money losses, were 281.64 and 1332.43 Yuan per @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The family burden caused by @entity9569 was serious, economically in particular. With regard to the income level of local residents, the economic burden of chronic @entity2040 was heavy to every household with indirect economic burden accounted for major proportion, suggesting close attention to be paid.

title: [Study on family and economic burden caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity9569 :: ('MESH:D012554', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Schistosomiasis japonica']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Family Burden Scale of Disease']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis', 'Schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity9569 :: (MESH:D012554,Disease) :: ['chronic Schistosomiasis japonica']


abstract: AIM: To determine the effect of @entity33786 (7-MX) on the posterior sclera of @entity1714 ( @entity1714 ) in pigmented @entity95 . METHODS: Sixteen pigmented @entity95 were @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) by suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening (ten-day old) for a period of 30 days. Two groups of pigmented @entity95 were fed either 7-MX (30 mg per kg body weight; n=8) or vehicle control (saline equal volume with 7-MX; n=8). Ocular refractions, axial lengths and body weights were measured at the start and the end of the experiment 30 days later. Electron microscopy was used to measure and determine the collagen fibril diameters in the posterior pole of sclera. RESULTS: In vehicle control @entity1949 pigmented @entity95 , 30 days of @entity1949 produced -1.10D  0.78D of @entity1714 and the axial length increased 0.51mm  0.09mm. In @entity1949 pigmented @entity95 fed with 7-MX, 30 days of @entity1949 induced only -0.21D  0.11D of @entity1714 and the axial length increased 0.07mm  0.10mm. There was significant change in axial length of vehicle control @entity1949 pigmented @entity95 (13.11mm  0.19mm versus 12.60mm  0.06mm; P=0.03). The changes in refraction and axial length of two @entity1949 groups' contralateral eyes during the 30 days were not significantly different (2.75D  0.27D versus 2.75D  0.35D, P>0.05; 12.60mm  0.06mm versus 12.45mm  0.14mm, P>0.05). The weights of the two groups pigmented @entity95 had no significant changes (187g  22.1g versus 189g  19.3g, P>0.05). The diameter of scleral collagen fibers increased in both eyes of 7-MX treated pigmented @entity95 . There was significant difference in collagen fibril diameters of inner layer (111.34nm  28.30nm versus 94.80nm  27.52nm, P=0.002) and outer layer (167.92nm  55.82 nm versus 144.04 nm  47.02nm, P=0.016) in the posterior sclera between the myopic eyes of vehicle control @entity1949 group and contralateral eyes of 7-MX treated @entity1949 group. CONCLUSION: 7-MX appears to prevent @entity1714 in pigmented @entity95 by remodeling the posterior sclera.

title: Effects of @entity33786 on XXXX in pigmented @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity33786 :: ('MESH:C064273', 'Chemical') :: ['7-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['FDM', 'myopia', 'form-deprivation myopia']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['monocularly deprived', 'MD']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['form-deprivation myopia']


abstract: We present 21 studies of cases of @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity17316 ( @entity17316 ) published worldwide. The first case was described in 1952. Thirteen @entity1 were from Japan, 4 from Eastern Europe, including 2 Polish cases from the authors  center (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland), 2 from Western Asia, 1 from the U.S. and 1 from Australia. Male @entity1 (20/21) as well as @entity2 cases (14/21) and @entity957 cases (8/21) dominated in the entire group. Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgical treatment. There were 10 left-sided and 3 right-sided surgical interventions with uneventful intra- and postoperative course. Explorative thoracotomy was performed in one case only on the right side. Upper lobectomy was performed in 5 cases, pneumonectomy in 3 cases, lower bilobectomy and middle lobectomy in one case and lower lobectomy in two cases. Surgery was performed through thoracotomy in 10 cases, VATS-assisted approach in two cases and sternotomy in one case. Descriptions of the surgical anatomy confirmed mirror image of the anatomy in all cases and were consistent with the preoperative CT images. Preoperative diagnosis was discussed including the role of 3-D reconstruction of CT for improving perioperative safety in this group of @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity2 / @entity17316 cases despite inversed but regular anatomy can be operated on radically as cases with normal anatomy with preservation of intraoperative security level.

title: @entity2 in XXXX ( @entity17316 )--literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity17316 :: ('MESH:D012857', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'situs inversus totalis']

answer: @entity17316 :: (MESH:D012857,Disease) :: ['situs inversus totalis']


abstract: The IgE-dependent activation of mononuclear phagocytic cells through their capacity to express low affinity IgE receptors ( @entity7527 ) has been proposed as a mechanism for the development of @entity32 in @entity56 . This @entity7527 expression leads to the IgE-dependent production of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1356 and @entity310 . Expression by monocytes of @entity7527 is regulated by several cytokines including @entity3646 , gamma- and alpha-interferons, and granulocyte-macrophage and macrophage colony stimulating factors. An anti-inflammatory effect of @entity19608 on monocytes has been proposed as a possible mechanism for its anti- @entity565 activity. We therefore investigated the capacity of @entity19608 to modulate mononuclear phagocyte @entity7527 expression and cytokine production. We used an anti- @entity7527 antibody and flow cytometric analysis to assess the capacity of @entity19608 to modulate cytokine-induced @entity7527 expression in normals and @entity748 . Monocytes, @entity1357 monocyte @entity1778 cells, and alveolar macrophages were exposed to varying concentrations of these cytokines for 48 hr at 37 degrees C with or without the additional presence of @entity19608 (1-10 microM) and the per cent of monocytes expressing @entity7527 was determined. No changes in @entity7527 expression were observed. Subsequently, we investigated the capacity of @entity19608 to affect the capacity of IgE plus anti-IgE complexes, allergen, and @entity558 (16 hr/37 degrees C) to stimulate @entity1356 and @entity650 production. No changes were observed when @entity19608 was applied concomitant with the stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anti-inflammatory effects of XXXX : inhibition of alveolar macrophage function.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airways inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19608 :: ('MESH:D017835', 'Chemical') :: ['nedocromil']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity19608 :: (MESH:D017835,Chemical) :: ['nedocromil sodium']


abstract: Approximately 70% of all @entity150 are superficial at the time of presentation. @entity150 includes @entity5 confined to the urothelium (clinical stage Ta) or lamina propria (stage T1) and flat @entity2735 (stage Tis). Because the biological behavior of @entity150 is variable, several important prognostic factors must be addressed. Multivariate analyses have shown that factors predictive of @entity5 recurrence and @entity5 progression include multifocal @entity5 , high grade @entity5 , T1 @entity5 and positive urinary cytology after transurethral resection (TUR). The @entity1 with superficial @entity150 should be monitored via endoscopy supplemented by urinary cytology, using either voided or bladder irrigation specimens and urinalysis. Frequent intravenous urography is not required, even in high grade @entity5 , as long as the clinical and pathologic studies remain negative and the @entity1 is asymptomatic. The "gold standard" of treatment for superficial @entity150 is TUR of the entire @entity5 . Despite TUR, new @entity5 will occur in approximately 50% of all @entity1 ; those at highest risk for @entity5 recurrence and progression require adjuvant intravesical therapy after TUR. A variety of drugs are used as intravesical therapy, including thiotepa, @entity1138 , @entity632 , Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), @entity1259 , and interferon. Although associated with the most @entity137 , BCG appears to be the most efficacious agent in increasing the time to recurrence and progression and in reducing the recurrence rate.

title: XXXX : diagnosis, surveillance and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'Superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder neoplasms', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: Ability to taste @entity30451 is genetically determined and has been investigated as a possible genetic marker for disease. This study examined @entity30451 taste sensitivity in @entity2275 . The study sample included 164 @entity1 with @entity2275 , 134 with duodenal @entity1066 , and 299 community controls. Eight concentrations of @entity30451 in distilled water were obtained by binary serial dilution. The lowest concentration distinguished by taste from distilled water defined taste threshold. Bimodality of threshold distributions distinguished nontasters from tasters. Comparisons of @entity1 with controls gave odds ratios of nontaste in @entity2275 and duodenal @entity1066 of, respectively, 0.7 (P greater than 0.1) and 1.3 (P greater than 0.03). The power of detecting at least a twofold difference between @entity1 and controls in the odds of nontaste was 80%. Nontaste was more common in duodenal than in @entity2275 @entity1 (odds ratio = 2.0, P = 0.02). Taste sensitivity was unassociated with other genetic factors related to @entity1066 --ABO blood group, secretor status, and serum pepsinogen 1 level. The difference between gastric and duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 in the ability to taste @entity30451 may be genetic; however, this study's inability, despite substantial power, to detect at least a twofold difference between @entity1 and controls suggests that if @entity30451 taste sensitivity is a genetic factor in peptic @entity1066 , the relationship is weak.

title: @entity30451 taste sensitivity in chronic peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30451 :: ('MESH:D010670', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylthiocarbamide']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'gastric and duodenal ulcer disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 virus has dramatically spread throughout Southeast Asia since its first detection in 1997. Merit Release Birds, such as the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, are believed to increase one's positive karma when kissed and released during Buddhist rituals. Since these birds are often in close contact with both poultry and @entity1 , we investigated their potential role in the spread of H5N1 virus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Seven series of experiments were conducted in order to investigate the possible interactions between inoculated and exposed birds, including sparrow/sparrow, sparrow/ @entity1573 , @entity4186 /sparrow. Daily and post-mortem samples collected were tested for H5N1 virus by real-time RT-PCR and egg inoculation. When directly inoculated, Eurasian Tree Sparrows were highly susceptible to the H5N1 virus, with a fatality rate approaching 100% within 5 days post-inoculation. Although transmission of @entity281 between sparrows did not occur, seroconversion of the exposed birds was observed. Up to 100% @entity1573 exposed to inoculated sparrows died of @entity281 , depending on the caging conditions of the birds, while a fatality rate of 50% was observed on sparrows exposed to infected @entity4186 . Large quantities of H5N1 virus were detected in the sparrows, particularly in their feathers, from which infectious particles were recovered. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study indicates that under experimental conditions, Eurasian Tree Sparrows are susceptible to @entity281 , either by direct inoculation or by contact with infected poultry. Their ability to transmit @entity281 to other birds is also demonstrated, suggesting that the sparrows may play a @entity778 . Finally, the presence of significant quantities of H5N1 virus on sparrows' feathers, including infectious particles, would suggest that Merit Release Birds represent a risk for @entity1 contamination in countries where @entity1323 virus is circulating and where this religious ritual is practiced.

title: Eurasian Tree Sparrows, risk for H5N1 virus spread and XXXX contamination through Buddhist ritual: an experimental approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['role in the dissemination of the virus']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1 infection', 'fatal infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Airway tolerance is a specialized immunological surveillance which is activated by the cells of the lung to deal with and distinguish between innocuous and pathogenic inhalants. However, this distinction does not always occur. Airway tolerance is necessary to avoid the development of @entity56 , such as @entity565 , which is dominated by a pathological expansion of Th2 and Th17 cells in the airways. By contrast, @entity5 cells induce tolerogenic factors in their microenvironment to evade T-cell mediated anti- @entity5 -immune responses. This review updates current understandings on the effect of the cytokines @entity2533 , @entity688 , and @entity4155 on the lung immune responses to antigen, and analyzes their involvement in allergic @entity2 . The aim of the review is to evaluate where therapeutic intervention may be feasible and where it might fail. The multifunctional role of these cytokines further complicates the decision on the timing and concentration for their use as therapeutical targets. In fact, @entity2533 has suppressive activity in early tumorigenesis, but may become @entity5 -promoting in the later stages of the disease. This dual behavior is sometimes due to changes in the cellular target of @entity2533 , and to the expansion of the induced (i)-Tregs. Similarly, @entity4155 has been found to elicit pro- as well as anti- @entity5 properties. Thus, this pro-inflammatory cytokine induces the production of @entity650 which interferes with Treg development. Yet @entity4155 could promote @entity5 growth in conjunction with @entity650 -dependent activation of @entity4104 . Thus, understanding the mechanisms of airway tolerance could help to improve the therapy to both, allergic @entity2 . Hereby, @entity565 therapy aims to induce and maintain tolerance to inhaled allergens and therapy against @entity2 tries to inhibit the tolerogenic response surrounding the @entity5 .

title: Therapeutical measures to control airway tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['asthma and lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['asthma and lung cancer']


abstract: Immunopathologic and morphologic studies at the light and transmission electron microscope levels were carried out in myocardial biopsies of 4 chagasic individuals with circulating antibodies reacting with plasma membrane of striated muscle and endothelial cells ( @entity26467 antibody). Two cases did not present clinical evidences of heart involvement, and 2 cases showed @entity299 . In viv deposits of immunoglobulins were found at the plasma membrane of working myocardial cells and endothelial cells. The cytologic location of the in vivo bound gamma-globulin was coincident with the specificity of the @entity26467 antibody. Ultrastructural studies showed intracellular alterations compatible with @entity519 of the fibers; these lesions, although they were more severe in the 2 cases with @entity299 , were also present in the asymptomatic individuals. These results are congruent with a possible pathogenic effect of the @entity26467 antibody. In 2 @entity1 with Chagas' @entity299 , foci of mononuclear infiltrates were examined by transmission electron microscopy. At that level, a close relationship between lymphoctes and muscle cells was observed, with imbrication of the plasma membranes and disappearance of the basal laminae. In the neighborhood of the lymphocytes, definite muscle cell abnormalities were found. These observations are also congruent with the recently suggested possibility that a lymphocyte-mediated immune response against heart tissue may participate in some of the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic chagasic @entity13675 .

title: XXXX . Immunopathologic and morphologic studies in myocardial biopsies.

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'chronic heart disease']

answer: @entity13675 :: (MESH:C536187,Disease) :: ['Chagasic cardiopathy']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of secondary @entity6582 on perioperative @entity548 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Surgical @entity1 at a university-affiliated Veterans Administration Hospital. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1030 and a preoperative hemoglobin concentration (Hb) greater than 16 g/dl and 100 age-, sex-, operation-, and ASA physical status-matched control @entity1 without secondary @entity6582 having operations during January to June 1988. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Anesthetic and perioperative records were retrospectively analyzed for excessive @entity548 and transfusion requirements. Charts also were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of @entity548 for 30 days following surgery. The secondary polycythemic @entity1 were compared with the matched control group and did not have a higher frequency of these complications. Red blood cell transfusion requirements for @entity1 with secondary @entity6582 were less than that for the matched controls (p less than 0.005). There was no statistical difference for transfusions of other types of blood products such as platelets and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). CONCLUSION: Secondary @entity6582 does not impart any added perioperative risk.

title: Secondary @entity6582 does not increase the risk of perioperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report on 15 cases of suspected toxic @entity1347 after uneventful phaco surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity1 who had developed toxic @entity1347 (TASS) after uneventful phacoemulsification for senile cataracts between April and December of 2005. Clinical features and all possible causes were investigated including irrigating solutions or drugs, surgical instruments or intraocular lenses, sterilization techniques for instruments, or any other @entity66 . RESULTS: The @entity1 consisted of 2 males and 13 females with an average age of 64.7+/-10.9 years. Five different surgeons had performed their phaco surgeries. No abnormal preoperative or operative findings were reported. Nevertheless, all 15 @entity1 developed a moderate degree of @entity3279 . Ordinary treatments were not helpful. We suspect that lack of sterilization resulted in the development of the syndrome, because after @entity11540 gas sterilization was replaced with autoclaving, no such incidents have occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Toxic @entity1347 requires special attention and thorough management, including sterilization of reused surgical instruments.

title: Development of toxic XXXX immediately after uneventful phaco surgery.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['accompanying disease']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior segment syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated central @entity3541 (I-CFP) is attributed to a @entity8987 affecting the corona radiata region or pons. We examined our acute @entity64 registry for @entity1 presenting with I-CFP and localized their symptoms to a @entity455 . SUBJECT _ METHODS: Our database of consecutive @entity1 with symptoms of @entity2806 admitted from January 2008 to December 2012 was reviewed for NIH @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores and subcomponents. All @entity1 with I-CFP    @entity4653 (total NIHSS  <= 3) had contrast-enhanced MR-angiography and transcranial Doppler as standard of care. All @entity63 lesions were localized by MRI within 72 hours from symptom onset. RESULTS: Of 2,202 @entity1 with @entity2806 , 879 @entity1 (35%) had NIHSS score  <= 3 points (mean age 63 + 15 years, 46 % @entity1 ). Nine @entity1 (.4%) presented with I-CFP    @entity4653 . Of these, only 1 had a lesion in the corona radiata and patent MCA, 1 had a pontine lesion without proximal vessel occlusion (2/9, or 22%). Remaining 7 @entity1 (78%) had flow-limiting @entity1031 mid-to-distal M1/proximal @entity10707 . Of these, 6 (86%) @entity1 had a prominent early anterior temporal artery on MRA and nonlacunar @entity63 lesions on MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to current teaching of lesion localization for an I-CFP, our study revealed the majority of acute @entity1 presenting with this symptom had evidence of flow-limiting @entity1031 rather than a lacunar lesion. Our findings underscore the essential role of comprehensive vascular imaging in @entity1 presenting with I-CFP, which is commonly associated with @entity1031 .

title: Acute Isolated Central XXXX as @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10707 :: ('MESH:D020143', 'Disease') :: ['M2 MCA disease']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['acute flow-limiting thromboembolic MCA disease', 'thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic MCA disease']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial Palsy']


abstract: 1. The partial purification of purine @entity2353 phosphorylase from @entity95 erythrocytes is described. 2. Analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing gave a pI value for the enzyme of 4.65. 3. Gel-chromatography and @entity969 -density-gradient-centrifugation techniques gave estimates of the molecular weight in the range 75000-83000. 4. Lineweaver-Burk plots of kinetic data were non-linear at high @entity14572 concentrations. Extrapolation of the linear part of such plots yielded a Km value for @entity14572 of about 70 micrometer for the @entity95 erythrocyte and liver enzymes. 5. A Hill interaction coefficient of 0.75 was obtained, suggesting negative co-operativity with respect to the binding of @entity14572 . 6. Treatment of the enzyme with @entity8865 caused partial inactivation, and subsequent Lineweaver-Burk plots with @entity14572 as substrate displayed complete linearity, with an increase in Km value for @entity14572 to 200 micrometer. 7. Starch-gel electrophoresis did not reveal the presence of secondary isoenzymes; all tissue extracts examined gave electrophoretic patterns similar to those obtained with the partially purified enzyme from erythrocytes. 8. Results of hybridization studies with @entity2353 phosphorylase from @entity1 foetal liver suggest that the @entity95 enzyme is also a trimer.

title: Partial purification and properties of purine @entity2353 phosphorylase from XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: ARA occur in approximately 10% of randomly selected @entity1252 @entity1 but in up to 40% of @entity1 with active disease. Anti-P antibodies appear to be a highly specific diagnostic marker for @entity1252 because they are rarely detected in other multisystem @entity792 . ARA are most frequently directed against the P proteins, and the shared conserved C-terminus of the P proteins is immunodominant in almost all sera tested. Anti-P antibodies increase in titer in @entity1 with active disease and have been reported to be detected more frequently in @entity1 with severe @entity146 . This may be particularly true of @entity1 with @entity1316 . The clinical utility of serologic tests for anti-P in @entity12319 must await large, prospective studies. Other ARA antibodies have been detected in @entity1 with @entity1252 . These antibodies include anti-28S rRNA, anti-S10, and anti- @entity21629 . In all cases, the frequency with which these antibodies are detected is increased in sera containing anti-P. The P proteins and the 28S rRNA epitope play essential, but as yet undefined, roles in GTPase activity on the ribosome. The @entity21629 protein is the @entity1 homologue of the @entity526 and @entity375 proteins known to bind to the 28S rRNA epitope. These findings indicate that some @entity1252 @entity1 produce autoantibodies against multiple components of a functionally related domain of the ribosome. This, in turn, supports the notion that the ribosome initiates and/or maintains autoantibody production. Despite these findings, attempts to induce anti-P antibodies by immunization with autologous ribosomes in the autoimmune strain of @entity19 , MRL, have been unsuccessful. It therefore seems likely that the ribosomal components must be altered to break tolerance or that other @entity1200 are necessary for autoantibody production.

title: Antiribosomal antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the immune system']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lupus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: A 58 year old @entity1 had been suffering from intractable left ophthalmic post herpetic @entity9 (PHN) for 7 years. He has also been treated for @entity573 nodosa for 10 years. For @entity158 relief, he was treated initially with frequent (4 times a day) stellate @entity616 (SGB) and peripheral @entity616 for a month without relief. Then supraorbital nerve block with neurolytics, TENS and acupuncture were done with a slight relief of his @entity158 . Recently his @entity158 became worse even with @entity2645 75 mg and @entity2049 100 mg a day which relieved effectively the @entity1 from the @entity158 for the last 3 years. The @entity158 was so severe to disturb his usual daily activity. Gasserian @entity616 with @entity8745 10 mg was done. After the block, his ADL improved markedly. Three months after the block, he had no spontaneous @entity158 and @entity158 with light touch on the injured skin did not annoy him. Several days before the block, electric stimulation to control his @entity158 was tested. Stimulation with the electricity (4.5 mA, 10 cycle and 400 microseconds) brought him complete relief from the @entity158 during the stimulation. Trigeminal SEP showed no response to the stimulation of injured skin.

title: [Relief of intractable @entity9 with @entity616 using XXXX and with TENS].

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'slight pain']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block', 'ophthalmic nerve block']

answer: @entity8745 :: (MESH:C000873,Chemical) :: ['methyl prednisolone acetate']


abstract: This study reports an outbreak of acute febrile respiratory illness caused by @entity36203 [P14H11F14] in a military training center in China between May and June 2014. In total, 164 military personnel were affected, and two @entity1 were admitted into the intensive care unit of the military regional central hospital. A @entity36203 [P14H11F14] virus was confirmed as the etiological pathogen of this acute outbreak of febrile respiratory illness based on clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics, specific molecular detection results, phylogenetic analysis, and serological assays. The virus was isolated by the @entity980 cell culture method, and the complete sequences of the E1A, penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were determined and deposited in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses indicated that the isolated strain is most closely related to some HAdV-55 strains from mainland China. However, this strain appeared to be less virulent than former HAdV-55 strains. According to the chest X- @entity16039 results of 31 affected @entity1 , there was no radiological evidence of @entity55 . The most frequent symptoms in these @entity1 were sore throat (95.12  %, 156/164) and @entity5389 (93.29  %, 153/164). During the course of the outbreak, incorrect response measures and some potential risk factors, such as fire training and marching training, may have exacerbated the spread of the @entity281 . This outbreak illustrates the urgent need to improve the epidemiological and etiological surveillance of @entity281 and to improve the ability of doctors and health officials in basic units of the Chinese army to respond effectively to febrile respiratory illness.

title: Outbreak of acute febrile respiratory illness caused by XXXX P14H11F14 in a military training camp in Shandong China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'HAdV infections']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity36203 :: ('108098', 'Species') :: ['HAdV-B', 'human adenovirus B']

answer: @entity36203 :: (108098,Species) :: ['human adenovirus B']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Investigation of sensory innervation of @entity35 osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae using in vitro and in vivo models. OBJECTIVE: To investigate (1) sensory innervation of osteoporotic @entity35 vertebrae, (2) effects of @entity562 on sensory neurons, (3) effects of @entity170 treatment on bone mineral densities (BMDs) and the sensory innervation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity3604 @entity1 without @entity174 sometimes experience vague @entity1643 of unknown origin. The mechanisms of @entity170 treatments against the @entity158 are unclear. METHODS: (1) The expression of @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) immunoreactive (-ir) or @entity5510 ( @entity5510 )-ir nerve fibers in vertebrae and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) innervating L3 vertebrae of @entity35 labeled with neurotracer were examined in control, sham, and ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . (2) Cultured @entity35 neonate DRG neurons in media containing different concentrations of @entity562 were immunostained for @entity4655 , and we measured its activity using axonal length and proportion of @entity4655 -ir neurons. (3) BMDs and @entity4655 expression in DRG neurons innervating L3 vertebrae were examined in the following 5 groups: sham (treated with saline), OVX (saline), OVX+EXE (treadmill exercise), OVX+RIS ( @entity562 ), and OVX+RIS+EXE ( @entity562 and exercise). RESULTS: (1) A few @entity4655 -ir or @entity5510 -ir nerve fibers were observed in the bone marrow. @entity4655 or @entity5510 expression in DRG was elevated in the OVX group (P < 0.05). (2) The axonal length and proportion of @entity4655 -ir neurons were dose-dependently suppressed (P < 0.05). (3) BMDs improved and the @entity4655 expression decreased in the @entity562 -treated groups (P < 0.05), especially in the OVX+RIS+EXE group. CONCLUSION: Sensory innervation of osteoporotic @entity35 vertebrae showed increased expression of @entity4655 and @entity5510 in DRG neurons. @entity562 suppressed activity of @entity4655 -ir neurons in vitro, improved BMD, and decreased @entity4655 expression, especially together with exercise in vivo.

title: The effects of XXXX and exercise on osteoporotic lumbar @entity35 vertebrae and their sensory innervation.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate', 'Risedronate']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity562 :: (MESH:C073008,Chemical) :: ['risedronate']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate and @entity137 of @entity1311 , @entity3003 , and bevacizumab ( @entity5241 ) primary induction therapy for the treatment of @entity43 . Twenty @entity1 were treated with @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)), @entity3003 (AUC of 5 IV), and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) of body weight; q21 days for six cycles. Bevacizumab was administered at cycles two through six. @entity1 received 116 cycles of @entity5241 chemotherapy (median = 6, range 2-6) and were evaluable for @entity137 assessment. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 developed in 23.3% and 25% of cycles, with no incidence of grades 3/4 @entity882 or @entity417 . Prior to cycle six, one @entity1 was removed from the study due to grade 3 @entity16 and another @entity1 was excluded due to clinical deterioration. There was no incidence of gastrointestinal perforations, and only two @entity1 demonstrated grade 3 @entity101 ( @entity101 ). No grade 4 @entity101 was observed. Eighteen @entity1 were evaluated for response following induction therapy. Six demonstrated a complete response (30%) and ten exhibited a partial response (50%), resulting in a total response rate of 80%. One @entity1 exhibited stable disease (5%), and one demonstrated disease progression (5%). The lack of bowel perforations and wound complications should mitigate some concerns regarding these side effects. This study suggests that first-line treatment with @entity5241 can be safely administered to previously untreated @entity43 @entity1 . The favorable @entity137 results and reasonable response rate warrant additional study in a larger @entity1 population.

title: A phase II study of outpatient first-line XXXX , @entity3003 , and bevacizumab for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain clinical risk factors are associated with significant @entity8 with @entity6 . We sought to validate the use of a clinical algorithm in predicting post-transplantation mortality in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . We also examined the prevalence of significant coronary lesions in high-risk transplant candidates. METHODS: All @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 evaluated between 1991 and 2001 for kidney with/without pancreas transplantation were classified as high-risk based on the presence of any of the following risk factors: age >or=45 yr, smoking history >or=5 pack years, @entity6 duration >or=25 yr or any ST-T segment abnormalities on electrocardiogram. Remaining @entity1 were considered low risk. All high-risk candidates were advised to undergo coronary angiography. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality post-transplantation. RESULTS: Eighty-four high-risk and 42 low-risk @entity1 were identified. Significant @entity3979 was detected in 31 high-risk candidates. Mean arterial pressure was a significant predictor of @entity3979 (odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.46), adjusted for age, sex and duration of @entity6 . In 75 candidates who underwent transplantation with median follow-up of 47 months, the use of clinical risk factors predicted all eight @entity204 . No @entity204 occurred in low-risk @entity1 . A significant mortality difference was noted between the two risk groups (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical algorithm can identify @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 at risk for mortality after kidney with/without pancreas transplant. @entity1 without clinical risk factors can safely undergo transplantation without further cardiac evaluation.

title: Validation of a screening protocol for identifying low-risk candidates with XXXX for kidney with or without pancreas transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease in kidney transplant candidates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 with urinary retention visited our hospital in June 2011. He presented with intestinal bleeding one month later and was admitted immediately. Contrast enhancement computed tomography revealed a lobulated intrapelvic @entity5 and liver @entity3 . The @entity1486 level was normal, but his carcinoembryonic antigen level was elevated. Based on these results, his @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity189 . On day 26, total pelvic exenteration and pelvic lymph node dissection to arrest bleeding were performed. We created an ileal conduit for urinary diversion and performed a sigmoid colostomy. The final histopathological assessment confirmed that he had primary @entity420 of the seminal vesicle. The @entity1 received the best supportive care because he rejected postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. He died three months postoperatively. Primary @entity420 of the seminal vesicle is very rare. The prognosis for this @entity189 is poor.

title: [Primary @entity420 of the seminal vesicle difficult to differentiate from XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']