abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity8253 is limited by the occurrence of @entity1370 . In an effort to prevent this @entity1370 , different @entity4349 derivates have been studied. OBJECTIVES: To determine the occurrence of @entity1370 with the use of different @entity4349 derivates in @entity5 @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (1966 to 29 May 2009) and EMBASE (1980 to 2 June 2009). In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles, conference proceedings and ongoing-trials-databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which different @entity4349 derivates were compared in @entity5 @entity1 ( @entity1 and adults). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently performed study selection, assessment of risk of bias and data-extraction including adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS: We identified five RCTs of varying quality addressing @entity1259 versus @entity632 (1036 @entity1 ) with the same dose. The meta-analysis showed no evidence for a significant difference in the occurrence of clinical @entity712 between the treatment groups (RR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.11). However, there is some suggestion of a lower rate of clinical @entity712 in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 .We identified two RCTs with varying quality addressing liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 versus conventional @entity632 (521 @entity1 ). The meta-analysis showed a significantly lower rate of both clinical @entity712 and clinical and subclinical @entity712 combined in @entity1 treated with liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 (RR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.75 and RR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.59 respectively). It should be noted that in one of the studies @entity1 in the liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 group received a higher cumulative @entity4349 dose than @entity1 in the @entity632 group.For the other possible combinations of different @entity4349 derivates only one RCT ( @entity1259 versus liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 ) or no RCT was identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We are not able to favour either @entity1259 or @entity632 when given with the same dose. Based on the currently available evidence on @entity712 , we conclude that in adults with a @entity5 liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 should be favoured over @entity632 . For both @entity1259 versus @entity632 and liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 versus conventional @entity632 no conclusions can be made about the effects of treatment in @entity1 treated with @entity8253 and also not in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1778 . More research is needed. For other combinations of @entity4349 derivates not enough evidence was available to make definitive conclusions about the occurrence of @entity1370 in @entity1 treated with @entity8253 .

title: Different @entity4349 derivates for reducing XXXX in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: P-glycoprotein ( @entity23123 or multidrug-resistance protein) shows drug-stimulated ATPase activity. The catalytic sites are known to be of low affinity and specificity for @entity2036 . From the sequence, two @entity377 sites are predicted per @entity23123 molecule. Using plasma membranes from a multidrug-resistant @entity3569 ovary cell line, which are highly enriched in @entity23123 , we show that @entity8870 -induced trapping of @entity377 at a single catalytic site produces stably inhibited @entity23123 , with t 1/2 for reactivation of ATPase activity of 84 min at 37 degrees C and >30 h at 4 degrees C. Reactivation of ATPase correlated with release of trapped @entity377 . Concentrations of @entity855 and @entity857 required to produce 50% inhibition were 9 and 15 microM, respectively, thus the apparent affinity for @entity377 is greatly increased by @entity8870 -trapping. The trapped @entity377 species was @entity857 . Divalent Cation was required, with @entity1760 , @entity921 , and @entity1953 all effective: @entity1953 yielded a very stable inhibited species, t1/2 at 37 degrees C = 18 h. No photocleavage of @entity23123 was observed after @entity8870 trapping with MgATP, nor was UV-induced photolabeling of @entity23123 by trapped @entity1708 observed. @entity8870 -trapping with @entity17700 followed by UV irradiation caused permanent inactivation and specific labeling of @entity23123 . @entity8870 -induced inhibition was also shown with pure, reconstituted @entity23123 , with similar characteristics to those in plasma membranes. @entity8870 trapping overcomes technical difficulties posed by lack of high affinity @entity377 -binding site(s) or a covalent enzyme-phosphate catalytic intermediate in @entity23123 . The finding that @entity8870 trapping of @entity377 at just one site/ @entity23123 is sufficient to give full inhibition at ATPase activity shows that the two predicted @entity377 sites can not function independently as catalytic sites.

title: P-glycoprotein is stably inhibited by XXXX -induced trapping of @entity377 at a single catalytic site.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate', 'Vanadate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity8870 :: (MESH:D014638,Chemical) :: ['vanadate']


abstract: The @entity989 ( @entity989 ), like other transport epithelia, has a polarized distribution of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. The establishment of a polarized phenotype is an essential step in the differentiation of the @entity989 and the development and maintenance of visual function. Using a monoclonal antibody (MAb 3C4) we have identified a novel membrane protein that is uniquely expressed in @entity1573 @entity989 . We have referred to this protein as REMP for @entity23166 . In these studies we characterized the expression and distribution of this protein during embryonic development and determined its primary structure by cDNA cloning. The developmental expression of REMP was examined by immunocytochemical localization. REMP was first detected in the @entity1573 @entity989 at Embryonic Day 5 (E5) in both apical and basolateral membranes. By E14 the distribution of REMP was restricted to the basolateral surface of the @entity989 cells. Biochemical fractionation and surface labeling of @entity989 cells suggested that REMP was an integral protein. The gene encoding REMP was isolated from an E15 @entity1573 @entity989 cDNA library, cloned into lambda gt11, and screened with MAb 3C4. The cDNA was sequenced and found to contain one 1350-bp open reading frame encoding for a 450- @entity535 protein. The deduced @entity535 sequence of REMP shares 32.9% identity with @entity23167 , a @entity3338 transporter (Garcia, Goldstein, Pathak, Anderson, and Brown, Cell, 76, 865-873, 1994). By Northern blot analysis, REMP mRNA was detected only in @entity989 cells. There was an increase in the expression REMP transcript during development but when @entity989 cells were grown in primary culture the expression of REMP was turned off. The unique expression of REMP in the @entity989 in vivo would suggest a role for this protein in development and maintenance of normal retinal function.

title: Developmental expression and molecular cloning of REMP, a novel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23166 :: ('396041(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['retinal epithelial membrane protein']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

answer: @entity23166 :: (396041(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['retinal epithelial membrane protein']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the tolerability and impact on progression-free and overall survival of two consecutive cycles of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 received conventional-dose induction therapy (ITx) followed by a planned two cycles of HDC with ABMT. Median age was 45 years (range, 34 to 60 years). Sites of disease were bone (seven @entity1 ), visceral (three), soft tissue (11), multiple (six), and CNS (one). The ITx regimens of @entity786 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ), @entity1499 , @entity1487 , @entity229 , and @entity440 (CAMFTP) (three @entity1 ); @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC; 11 @entity1 ); @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF; four @entity1 ); or @entity632 or @entity2664 / @entity786 (10 @entity1 ) were given to maximum response (three to five cycles). HDC was @entity786 6 g/m2, @entity3003 2 g/m2, and @entity2879 625 mg/m2 with ABMT. RESULTS: Of 28 @entity1 , 24 received two (86%) cycles of HDC. Four received only one cycle due to persistent @entity137 from course 1 (one @entity1 ), no response to course 1 (two), and @entity204 on course 1 (one). Grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity33 (in one or both cycles in 21 of 28 @entity1 ; 75%), @entity294 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . Reversible @entity1897 was seen in 15 of 28 @entity1 and was severe in one. Documented @entity281 were seen in 19 of 52 cycles. There was one transplant-related @entity204 . Six @entity1 were converted from partial remission (PR) to complete remission (CR) with HDC; two of 24 @entity1 (8%) were converted from PR to CR with the second cycle of HDC. Progression-free survival rate is nine of 28 @entity1 (32%) with median follow-up of 23 months (range, 13 to 36+ months). Eighteen of 28 @entity1 (64%) have progressed at 1 to 17 months from ABMT. CONCLUSION: Two cycles of HDC with ABMT was well tolerated with a high response rate in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . The importance of the second cycle of HDC in this population is unclear.

title: Tandem autotransplantation for the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In the field of oncology, research is now focused on the development of theranostic nanosystems that combine the functions of drug delivery and imaging for diagnosis/monitoring. In this context, we designed @entity968 ( @entity970 )ylated superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles (SPIONs) for the delivery of @entity632 ( @entity3105 ), an antineoplastic agent. These @entity3105 -loaded PEGylated SPIONs, or DLPS, should be useful for the delivery of @entity3105 in vivo, as well as for magnetic drug targeting (MDT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential applications of DLPS in vivo as drug carrier systems for the reduction of xenograft @entity0 induced in @entity19 . Prior to the animal model experiments, the main internalization pathways for the nanovectors in MDA-MB435 @entity0 cells were determined to be based on caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The time- and quantity-dependence of the nanoparticle uptake by the cells altered the in vitro @entity137 of the DLPS. The in vitro antiproliferative effect of the DLPS was dependent not only on @entity3105 concentration, but also on the efficacy of nanoparticle internalization. Evaluation of the effect of DLPS treatment on xenograft @entity5 in @entity19 showed that DLPS limited @entity5 growth in a manner comparable to that of free @entity3105 under normal conditions of @entity5 growth. The application of an external magnetic field on @entity5 , i.e., MDT, did not improve the efficacy of the DLPS treatment. Nevertheless, the vectorization of @entity3105 with @entity20572 appears to limit the hematologic side effects usually associated with @entity3105 treatment.

title: Efficacy and Hemotoxicity of Stealth @entity632 -Loaded Magnetic Nanovectors on XXXX Xenografts.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the efficacy of a new technique of minimally invasive treatment for @entity1067 involving direct injection of dehydrated @entity1068 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dehydrated @entity1068 was injected transurethrally with lumbar or sacral and urethral anesthesia in 10 @entity1 with @entity1067 . Endoscopic injection was performed at 4 to 8 sites in the prostate and 3.5 to 12.0 ml. @entity1068 were used. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications but postoperative urinary retention occurred transiently in all @entity1 which required catheterization for a mean of 8.8 days. Mean symptom score plus or minus standard deviation was 12.2+/-5.8 at 3 months postoperatively, which was significantly improved from 23.1+/-7.0 preoperatively (p<0.01). Mean quality of life score also improved significantly from 5.1+/-0.6 preoperatively to 3.2+/-1.5 at 3 months postoperatively (p<0.01), mean peak urinary flow rate increased from 8.0+/-2.2 (9 @entity1 ) to 13.1+/-3.6 ml. per second (p<0.05) and mean residual urine volume decreased from 129.1+/-55.3 (9 @entity1 ) to 49.3+/-34.7 ml. (p<0.05). There was no significant change in prostate volume. @entity697 and @entity1069 occurred in 1 @entity1 each. CONCLUSIONS: This technique can be performed as an outpatient procedure and appears to be safe and cost-effective. Retrograde ejaculation can be avoided.

title: @entity1068 injection therapy of the prostate for XXXX : preliminary report on application of a new technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported the induction of 73-kilodalton @entity19514 (HSP73) in injured tubular epithelial cells in @entity35 kidneys with @entity801 -induced @entity810 . In the present study, we examined serial expression of 90-kilodalton @entity19514 ( @entity19515 ), another major HSP, in this animal model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity35 received @entity801 (80 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and developed @entity810 . Serial immunohistochemical localization of @entity19515 was observed at both light microscopic and electron microscopic levels, using a specific antibody against @entity19515 . In addition, serial renal extracts were analyzed by immunoblot. RESULTS: On light microscopy, @entity19515 was induced in injured proximal tubular epithelial cells and accumulated in fine granules 36 hours after the @entity801 exposure. The size and number of these granules gradually increased to Day 12 and decreased from Day 18, and the granules disappeared on Day 27. Electron microscopy showed the accumulation of @entity19515 in the swollen lysosomes and the nucleoli of the injured proximal tubular epithelial cells. On serial immunoblot analysis of renal extracts, increased amounts of @entity19515 were found in association with the induction of @entity19515 in injured cells. Furthermore, on immunoblot of nuclear fractions from kidneys at Days 0 and 6, @entity19515 was detected in the fraction at Day 6. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity19515 is induced in the lysosomes and the nucleoli of damaged cells during the course of @entity801 -induced @entity810 . @entity19515 may have roles in the disposition of degenerated proteins and in the new protein synthesis for the protection and repair of target cells from @entity801 nephrotoxicity.

title: Induction and intracellular localization of 90-kilodalton XXXX in @entity35 kidneys with acute @entity801 nephropathy.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular injury', 'acute proximal tubular injury', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity19514 :: (290549(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['heat-shock protein']


abstract: @entity16520 1,2-dioxygenase (PcpA) from @entity16521 is a member of a class of @entity8798 -containing @entity8156 dioxygenases that is involved in the mineralization of the pollutant @entity211 . This enzyme has not been extensively characterized, despite its interesting ring-cleaving activity and use of @entity8798 , which are reminiscent of the well-known extradiol @entity6153 dioxygenases. On the basis of limited sequence homology to the extradiol @entity6153 dioxygenases, the residues ligating the @entity8798 center were originally proposed to be H159, H227, and E276 (Xu et al. in Biochemistry 38:7659-7669, 1999). However, PcpA has higher sequence homology to a newly reported, crystallographically characterized @entity219 metalloenzyme that has a similar predicted fold. We generated a homology model of the structure of PcpA based upon the structure of this @entity219 metalloenzyme. The homology model predicts that the tertiary structure of PcpA differs significantly from that of the extradiol dioxygenases, and that the residues ligating the @entity8798 are H11, H227, and E276. This structural model was tested by mutating each of H11, H159, H227, and E276 to @entity493 . An additional residue that is predicted to lie near the active site and is conserved among PcpA, its closest homologues, and the extradiol dioxygenases, Y266, was mutated to @entity815 . Of these mutants, only @entity16522 retained significant activity, thus confirming the active-site location predicted by the homology-based structural model. The model provides an important basis for understanding the origin of the unique function of PcpA.

title: Determination of the active site of Sphingobium chlorophenolicum XXXX dioxygenase (PcpA).

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity16521 :: ('690566', 'Species') :: ['Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723']

entities_list: @entity16520 :: ('CHEBI:27633', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity16520 :: (CHEBI:27633,Chemical) :: ['2,6-dichlorohydroquinone']


abstract: The association of four common polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) with recurrent miscarriages(RM) was evaluated in North Indian @entity1 for 200 @entity1 with RM and 200 controls. The subjects were genotyped for the polymorphisms @entity15289 , 2549 18-bp I/D, @entity15290 and @entity15291 . Association of VEGF genotypes, alleles and haplotypes with recurrent miscarriage were evaluated by Fisher   s exact test. @entity15290 and @entity15291 modified the risk of RM. The 1154A allel and +936T allel significantly increased the risk of RM (OR = 1.485, P = 0.0210, 95% CI 1.072   2.057 and OR = 1.869, P = 0.0054, 95% CI 1.214   2.876 respectively). Risk was further increased when    1154A/A genotype and @entity15291 genotype were considered (OR = 2.0, P = 0.0310,95% CI 1.068   3.747 and OR = 1.716, P = 0.0293, 95% CI 1.058   2.784 respectively). However, no association was found between @entity15289 or 2549 18-bp I/D and RM. Four haplotypes, AIAC, ADAC, CIAT and ADGT, were found to predispose to RM while the haplotypes CIAC, CDGT and ADGC were found to show protective effect. In conclusion, two common polymorphisms of the VEGF gene, @entity15290 and @entity15291 , increase the risk of RM in North Indian @entity1 . RM is also predisposed in the presence of haplotypes AIAC,ADAC, CIAT and ADGT.

title: Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in North Indian XXXX with recurrent miscarriages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mandibular advancement splints (MASs) can effectively treat @entity27 ( @entity27 ); however, no validated and reliable prediction method for treatment outcome currently exists. The efficacy of @entity4262 may relate to anatomic factors, including craniofacial size and upper-airway soft-tissue volume and anatomic balance between them. We aimed to assess whether craniofacial and oral measurements are associated with @entity4262 treatment outcome. METHODS: Dental impressions and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from @entity1 with @entity27 prior to commencing @entity4262 treatment. Intertooth distances and palatal depths were measured on dental casts, and standard cephalometric analysis was performed with the addition of cross-sectional area ( @entity10002 ) of the tongue and bony oral enclosure. Treatment outcome was determined by polysomnography. RESULTS: Of 53 @entity1 , 25 were complete responders (posttreatment apnea- @entity387 index [AHI] < 5/h), 17 were partial responders (>=  50% AHI reduction), and 11 were nonresponders (< 50% AHI reduction). Cephalometric analyses did not reveal any significant differences between responders and nonresponders. @entity1697 measurements or @entity10002 did not differ with treatment outcome; however, there was a trend toward a larger tongue @entity10002 in complete vs partial and nonresponders (39.5    1.3 cm(2) vs 35.5    0.5 cm(2), P = .09). Tongue/oral enclosure @entity10002 ratio, indicating a larger tongue for a given oral cavity size, was greater in complete responders (P = .012, n = 30). CONCLUSIONS: Oral dimensions do not appear to differ between @entity1 who respond and those who do not respond to @entity4262 treatment. However, the larger tongue for a given oral cavity size in responders suggests that @entity4262 may help to correct anatomic imbalance. Further research to assess whether the ratio between tongue and bony oral enclosure size may be useful in selecting @entity1 for @entity4262 treatment is warranted.

title: Influence of oral and craniofacial dimensions on mandibular advancement splint treatment outcome in XXXX with @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is currently approved for the treatment of several @entity5 . @entity137 are not among the main concerns associated with bevacizumab, but they have been occasionally reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the incidence and risk of haematologic @entity137 associated with bevacizumab. METHODS: Pubmed databases from 1966 to September 2010 were searched for studies reported, as well as American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings. Bevacizumab randomised clinical trials with adequate safety data profile were included. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: 15,263 @entity1 were included. The incidence of bevacizumab-associated all-grade and high-grade haematologic @entity137 were, respectively: @entity417 : 18.7% and 3.9%; @entity1398 : 25.0% and 18.5%; and @entity882 : 13.9% and 3.4%. Febrile @entity1398 incidence was 3.8%. Compared to placebo/control arms, bevacizumab was associated with a decreased risk of all-grade (RR = 0.81; 95%CI 0.68-0.96; p = .016) and high-grade (RR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.60-0.89; p = .002) @entity417 , and increased risks of all-grade (RR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.01-1.30; p = .033) and high-grade (RR = 1.08; 95%CI 1.02-1.13; p = .005) @entity1398 , all-grade @entity882 (RR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.00-1.48; p = .047) and @entity1398 (RR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.08-1.58; p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab is associated with a lower risk of @entity417 and increased risks of @entity1398 , @entity882 and @entity1398 .

title: XXXX associated with the addition of bevacizumab in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Haematologic toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Haematologic toxicities']


abstract: Background. We evaluated the incidence of mortality and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in endovascular repair (EVAR) as compared to open @entity439 repair (OAR) in both elective and ruptured @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) setting. Methods. We analyzed the rates of 30-day mortality, 30-day @entity583 , and hospital length of stay (LOS) based on comparative observation and randomized control trials involving EVAR and OAR. Results. 41 trials compared EVAR to OAR with a total pooled population of 37,781 @entity1 . Analysis of elective and @entity1755 repair favored EVAR with respect to 30-day mortality with a pooled odds ratio of 0.19 (95% CI 0.17-0.20; I (2) = 88.9%; P < 0.001). There were a total of 1,835 30-day @entity583 events reported in the EVAR group as compared to 2,483 events in the OAR group. The pooled odds ratio for elective @entity1028 was 0.74 (95% CI 0.58-0.96; P = 0.02) in favor of EVAR. The average LOS was reduced by 296.75   hrs (95% CI 156.68-436.82   hrs; P < 0.001) in the EVAR population. Conclusions. EVAR has lower rates of 30-day mortality, 30-day @entity583 , and LOS in both elective and @entity1755 repair.

title: Open versus Endovascular Repair of @entity1028 in the Elective and Emergent Setting in a Pooled Population of 37,781 XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The optimal management of @entity3146 after cold knife conization remains controversial. Reliable predictors of @entity41 in the cervix after cold knife conization have not been consistently identified. This study was initiated to examine the accuracy of the traditional factors used to predict @entity41 in hysterectomy specimens after cold knife conization. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective 10-year chart review identified a cohort of 1272 @entity1 who underwent cold knife conization, of whom 311 had a subsequent hysterectomy within 1 year of conization. @entity66 was defined as @entity3146 or @entity5 in the hysterectomy specimen. All cone specimens were completely submitted for pathologic examination, and the following factors were analyzed for their predictive value: degree of @entity1141 , margin involvement, endocervical gland involvement, and status of the endocervical curettage. The predictive value of age, race, gravidity, parity, socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, and marital status were also examined. The chi 2 test, t test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity1141 or @entity5 were identified in 1066 (84%) of the 1272 @entity1 who underwent cold knife conization. Of the 311 @entity1 having a subsequent hysterectomy, 106 (34%) had @entity66 in their hysterectomy specimen. By multivariate analysis only increasing age and degree of @entity1141 were predictive of @entity66 . The odds ratio of @entity66 in the hysterectomy specimen for a 25-year-old @entity1 was 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 4.4) compared with a 40-year-old @entity1 whose odds ratio was 4.9 (95% confidence interval 2.2 to 10.8). The presence of @entity1141 in the cold knife conization specimen conferred an odds ratio of 12.1 (95% confidence interval 2.7 to 54.5) of identifying @entity66 . @entity1141 involving the ectocervical margin, endocervical margin, and endocervical glands was not predictive of disease in the hysterectomy specimens. Endocervical curettage was not performed in 44% of the @entity1 , preventing reliable statistical evaluation. Further analysis indicated that @entity66 was found in 32% of the hysterectomy specimens with negative margins, in 31% with no endocervical gland involvement, and in 23% with a negative endocervical curettage sample. CONCLUSIONS: The presence or absence of @entity1141 in the cold knife conization ectocervical margin, endocervical margin, and endocervical glands was not predictive of @entity41 in post-cold knife conization hysterectomy specimens. Increasing age and severity of disease in the cone specimen were the only factors that accurately predicted @entity41 . The traditional factors used to justify hysterectomy after cold knife conization may not be valid on the basis of these results.

title: Predictive factors from cold knife conization for residual XXXX in subsequent hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: Effects of neonatal androgenization on @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced endometrial carcinogenesis in @entity35 are studied. @entity3033 (1.25 mg) was injected subcutaneously into 110 2-day-old @entity35 . At 8 weeks of age, a pellet containing 0.2 or 1mg @entity106 was introduced into each uterine horn of both neonatally intact control @entity35 (NR) and neonatally androgenized @entity35 (ASR). All @entity35 were killed at 24 or 48 weeks of age. The results were as follows. Vehicle group: No @entity5 was observed during both 16- and 40-week observation periods in either 122 horns of NR or 98 of ASR. 0.2 mg @entity106 treated group: No @entity5 was detected in either 80 NR or 72 ASR during a 16-week observation period. Although three malignant uterine @entity5 were found among 72 NR during a 40-week observation period, no @entity5 was observed in 30 ASR. 1mg @entity106 treated group: Although one @entity5 of 16 NR was found during a 16-week observation period, no @entity5 was observed in 20 ASR. Four malignant uterine @entity5 of 168 NR induced by @entity106 were histologically 2 @entity957 and two @entity242 . As mentioned above, although four malignant uterine @entity5 were induced by @entity106 in 168 NR, no @entity5 was found in 122 ASR. These results seem to indicate that neonatal androgenization suppressed the induction of malignant @entity35 uterine @entity5 by @entity106 .

title: [Effects of neonatal androgenization on @entity3653 -induced XXXX endometrial carcinogenesis].

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant uterine tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) may be an eligible alternative for confirmation of the diagnosis of hypopigmented macules. Our purpose was to evaluate CLSM features for non-invasive imaging of @entity1694 , @entity7174 and @entity4182 in vivo. A total of 68 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of the aforementioned diseases were included in this study. CLSM was performed on lesional and adjacent normal appearing skin for all @entity1 . In the active and stable phases of @entity1694 , CLSM demonstrated a complete loss of melanin in lesional skin in 14 of 25 @entity1 (56.0%) and 16 of 20 @entity1 (80.0%), respectively. In 11 of 25 (44.0%) @entity1 , the amount of melanin in lesional skin decreased in the active phase of @entity1694 , but it is noteworthy to know that the melanin was distributed homogeneously in the dermal papillary rings. In four of 20 @entity1 (20.0%), the dermal papillary rings disappeared completely, but some refractile granules and dendrites could be seen in the stable phase of @entity1694 , which may indicate the start of @entity1694 repigmentation. Although, in 20 of 20 @entity1 (100%) with @entity7174 , the dermal papillary rings lost their integrity and the content of melanin decreased obviously, there must have been melanin in the dermal papillary rings during its development in all @entity1 . Simultaneously, the melanin was distributed heterogeneously in the dermal papillary rings. The content of melanin and dermal papillary rings in @entity4182 probably depend on the depth and site of the @entity32 ; moreover, melanophages were observed in @entity4182 but did not exist in @entity1694 . In addition, the content of melanin and dermal papillary rings in adjacent normal appearing skin showed changes in the active phase of @entity1694 but showed no changes in any of the @entity1 in the stable phases of @entity1694 , @entity7174 and @entity4182 . Differences based on CLSM in the aforementioned diseases were the content of melanin and its distribution pattern. CLSM may be useful to discriminate @entity1694 , @entity4182 and @entity7174 in a non-invasive fashion.

title: In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy of hypopigmented macules: a preliminary comparison of confocal images in @entity1694 , XXXX and @entity4182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['nevus depigmentosus']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo and nevus depigmentosus', 'vitiligo']

answer: @entity7174 :: (MESH:D009506,Disease) :: ['nevus depigmentosus']


abstract: Herein, we report a first @entity1792 (CA)-derived in situ crosslinkable biodegradable polymer, @entity21949 ( @entity21949 ). The synthesis of @entity21949 could be carried out via a one-pot polycondensation reaction without using organic solvents or catalysts. @entity21949 could be in situ crosslinked into elastomeric PPEGMC hydrogels. The performance of hydrogels in terms of swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties were highly dependent on the molar ratio of monomers, crosslinker concentration, and crosslinking mechanism used in the synthesis process. Cyclic conditioning tests showed that PPEGMC hydrogels could be compressed up to 75% strain without permanent deformation and with negligible hysteresis. Water-soluble @entity21949 demonstrated excellent cytocompatibilty in vitro. The degradation products of PPEGMC also showed minimal @entity137 in vitro. Animal studies in @entity35 clearly demonstrated the excellent injectability of @entity21949 and degradability of the in situ-formed PPEGMC. PPEGMC elicited minimal @entity32 in the early stages post-injection and was completely degraded within 30 days in @entity35 . In conclusion, the development of CA-derived injectable biodegradable @entity21949 presents numerous opportunities for material innovation and offers excellent candidate materials for in situ tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

title: XXXX -derived in situ crosslinkable biodegradable polymers for cell delivery.

entities_list: @entity21949 :: ('MESH:C574868', 'Chemical') :: ['PEGMC', 'poly(ethylene glycol) maleate citrate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['Citric acid']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective survey of immunized school @entity1 in order to define the incidence of @entity5695 in relation to the acceptance rate of acellular @entity5695 vaccine combined with diphtheria and @entity116 toxoid (ACP-DT vaccine). The attack rate of the disease was 0.01-0.02% in @entity1 with a history of recommended doses of the vaccine. In unimmunized @entity1 , 6.43-6.52% had a history of @entity5695 . To confirm the efficacy of the vaccine, a prospective household contact study based on clinical findings was conducted. Of 37 unimmunized @entity1 , 30 developed clinically diagnosed @entity5695 , and of 39 fully immunized @entity1 only two contracted the disease. Because there was no cluster of @entity5695 cases, a difference in vaccine efficacy between products seemed unlikely. From 1984 to 1987, there were no cases of high fever, @entity75 , @entity1457 or death attributable to mass immunization with the vaccine. Severe erythema and swelling of the inoculated arm to the wrist were observed in 16 @entity1 (3.06/100,000 doses) after the third dose or after the booster dose. The vaccines used for these 16 @entity1 were from different manufacturers. All cases recovered completely.

title: Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of acellular XXXX vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity519 induces the degradation of @entity855 , resulting in the production of @entity414 (UA). @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) have been reported to have high serum levels of UA (sUA), compared with control subjects. However, the relationship between sUA levels and spirometric measures has not been investigated in detail in a general population. METHODS: Subjects aged 40 years or older (n = 2,917), who had participated in a community-based annual health check in Takahata, Japan, in 2004 and 2005, were enrolled in the study. These subjects performed spirometry, their blood pressure was measured, and a blood sample was taken. RESULTS: sUA levels were significantly higher in males than in females. Percent predicted forced vital capacity [FVC %predicted] (r = -0.13) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV(1) %predicted] (r = -0.118) were inversely correlated with sUA levels in females but not in males. Univariate regression analysis indicated that age, body mass index (BMI), @entity1068 intake, mean blood pressure (BP), and serum @entity1011 (sCr) were significantly associated with sUA levels in males. In females, age, BMI, mean BP, hemoglobin A1c, sCr, FVC %predicted, and FEV(1) %predicted were significantly associated with sUA levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that for both genders, FVC %predicted and FEV(1) %predicted were predictive for sUA levels, independently of the other clinical parameters. Subjects with lung restriction had higher sUA levels than subjects without lung restriction. In addition, subjects with moderate and severe airflow limitation had higher sUA levels than subjects without airflow limitation or those with mild airflow limitation. CONCLUSION: FVC %predicted and FEV(1) %predicted were significantly associated with sUA levels in a general population.

title: The relationship between serum XXXX and spirometric values in @entity1 in a health check: the Takahata study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) is widely used to treat @entity3754 and @entity5930 . A number of studies have reported a possible role in the host immune system, but exactly how @entity6567 exerts this effect is still unknown. The present study reports the effects of @entity6567 pretreatment on NF-kB regulation using the @entity5641 model induced by carrageenan. Swiss male @entity19 ( @entity19 ) were divided into four experimental groups: control (SAL); carrageenan (CAR); @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) and @entity6108 (CUR). The animals were pretreated with @entity6567 (50mg/kg, v.o), CUR (50mg/kg, i.p) or distilled water for three consecutive days before @entity5641 . One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed by Tukey post-hoc test, and values were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. @entity6567 pretreatment reduced tissue damage and the production of inflammatory markers, such as NO, iNOS, @entity1421 , @entity10178 , and @entity8383 induced by carrageenan. Similarly, a known inhibitor of NF-kB pathway ( @entity6108 ) was also able to reduce these parameters. Like @entity6108 , @entity6567 prevents NF-kB activation by reducing NF-kB @entity1992 phosphorylation and IkBa degradation. @entity6567 prevented NF-kB activation via @entity1995 , but did not interfere in the @entity13436 pathway in this experimental model. However, further studies should be developed to confirm this hypothesis. These findings suggest that @entity6567 could be a promising drug for @entity32 , especially in @entity358 such as @entity55 , due its high anti-inflammatory potential which prevents NF-kB activation.

title: @entity6566 inhibits NF-kB activation in acute lung injury induced by carrageenan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine', 'Diethylcarbamazine citrate']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Lung Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) on the inducible @entity842 synthase- @entity842 ( @entity1506 -NO) cascade in nociceptive signal transduction was examined in the intact @entity35 spinal cord. All @entity35 were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t.) catheter; some were also implanted with an i.t. microdialysis probe. The paw withdrawal latency to radiant heat was used to assess thermal @entity1931 . The @entity1506 protein expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn was examined by western blot analysis and NOS activity assay. NO production in the CSF dialysate was also measured. @entity3426 i.t. (100 ng) produced thermal @entity1931 from 4 to 24 h after i.t. injection. The @entity1506 protein expression was induced at 4 h after i.t. @entity3426 injection, peaked at the 6th hour, and disappeared at 24 h. The @entity1506 activity showed a similar time-dependent change as the @entity1506 protein expression. NO release increased by 1.1- to 1.9-fold between 4 and 12 h, also with a peak at the 6th hour, after i.t. @entity3426 administration. Pretreatment with the @entity1506 inhibitor @entity22153 (10 microg, i.t.) 1 h before i.t. @entity3426 injection prevented all the responses of @entity3426 . Neither 1400W nor artificial CSF (aCSF) affected the thermal nociceptive threshold and NO production. These results demonstrate that i.t. administration of @entity3426 induced thermal @entity1931 by activating the @entity1506 -NO cascade in the @entity35 spinal cord. On the basis of the present findings, we suggest that i.t. administration of @entity1506 inhibitors may have potential in the treatment of inflammatory and @entity9 syndromes.

title: Intrathecal @entity3426 administration induces thermal @entity1931 by activating inducible XXXX synthase expression in the @entity35 spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two small studies had evaluated the efficacy of rTMS in @entity2704 . One tested high frequency rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while the other evaluated 1 Hz rTMS over the vertex. AIM: To test the feasibility of 10 Hz rTMS of motor cortex as an adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with chronic @entity2704 Materials and Methods: We randomized (2:1 ratio) chronic @entity2704 @entity1 on medical preventive treatment to receive either rTMS or sham therapy for 10 sessions. rTMS (80% resting motor threshold, 10Hz, 20 trains, 5 secs/train, inter-train interval 1 min, total 1000 stimuli/session) was applied over the right motor cortex. RESULT: Nine @entity1 were randomized. Six received rTMS and three had sham therapy. Three @entity1 in the rTMS arm withdrew from the study due to increased @entity10 frequency and discomfort from the treatment. The remaining six cases (3 rTMS, 3 sham) completed the study. The study was prematurely stopped due to the significant worsening of @entity10 from rTMS. No significant differences in outcome measures were found between real and sham rTMS. CONCLUSION: Although the study was terminated prematurely, the high dropout rate (50%) due to worsening @entity10 suggested that rTMS over the motor cortex is poorly tolerated in chronic @entity2704 .

title: Poor Tolerance of Motor Cortex rTMS in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches', 'headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Chronic Migraine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Several studies have shown that @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is a marker of @entity281 . The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1851 as marker of prognosis outcome in septic @entity1 and to assess the correlation of @entity1851 with severity of @entity295 . METHODS: During a 14-month period, we prospectively included all @entity1 with @entity295 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). @entity1 were categorized into @entity295 , severe @entity295 and @entity326 . Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, @entity1851 , body temperature and white cell count (WCC) of the day of @entity295 diagnosis were collected. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-eight consecutive septic @entity1 (mean age 59 years, 98 @entity1 , ICU mortality 34%) were studied. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves of APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA, @entity1851 , body temperature and WCC as prognostic markers of @entity295 were 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.83], 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), 0.8 (95% CI 0.72-0.88), 0.55 (95% CI 0.45-0.65), 0.48 (95% CI 0.38-0.58) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.35-0.56), respectively. In the subgroup of @entity1 with documented @entity295 we obtained similar results. The ICU mortality rate of septic @entity1 with @entity1851 < 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and >40 mg/dL was 20, 34, 30.8, 42.3 and 39.1%, respectively (P = 0.7). No correlation was found between @entity1851 concentrations and severity of @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: In septic @entity1 , @entity1851 of the day of @entity295 diagnosis is not a good marker of prognosis.

title: Is XXXX a good prognostic marker in septic @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate a newly introduced high resolution linear transducer for vascularization and mural perfusion assessment using @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) with quantitative time intensity curve analysis (TIC) in @entity1 with active @entity30 ( @entity30 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 14 consecutive @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 7 males, age range 19-42 years, median 28 years) with histologically proven @entity30 having an acute episode of the disease applying contrast enhanced MRI and high resolution ultrasound. For the ultrasound we used a newly introduced high resolution linear multi-frequency transducer (6-9 MHz, Logiq 9, GE). Ultrasound was performed by an experienced radiologist applying color coded Doppler sonography (CCDS), power Doppler (PD) and contrast enhanced @entity2996 using the 'true agent detection mode'. Additionally, 5 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasound applying CCDS, PD and @entity2996 . After the injection of 2.4 ml ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) the dynamic @entity2996 cine sequences were recorded as digital raw data for 60 seconds. Therefore we were able to perform a quantitative perfusion analysis using TIC retrospectively. CCDS, PD and @entity2996 with TIC were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: In all 14 @entity1 MRI showed inflammatory changes in the terminal or pre-terminal ileum. Using PD and CCDS enlarged vessels surrounding the bowel wall were visualized in all @entity1 . PD as well as CCDS diagnosed just in 9 of 14 @entity1 augmented mural vessels. Having @entity2996 with TIC increased mural contrast enhancement was diagnosed in all 14 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity30 showed a maximum enhancement 36 s after injection with 9 dB (range 5.9-13.2 dB), while healthy volunteers reached the maximum level of 2.8 dB (range 2-3.8 dB) after 23 s (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Using high resolution linear transducer mural perfusion changes in active @entity30 can be appreciated applying @entity2996 with TIC. This technique could be an effective dynamic imaging modality for diagnosis and especially follow-up examination to monitor treatment in @entity30 .

title: Microcirculation and perfusion with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in XXXX : first results with linear @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['contrast harmonic imaging', 'CHI']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of surgical principles and neoadjuvant therapy on the frequency of local @entity5 cell dissemination (LTCD) in @entity189 surgery and its consequences for local recurrence and survival rates were analyzed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data from the Erlangen registry for @entity14 (ERCRC) from 1969-2008 were compared with data from the literature published in 1980-2008. RESULTS: LTCD was observed in 6.7% in the ERCRC (n=2764) and a frequency of 6.9% was reported in in the literature (n=13,395). In the course of time and especially since the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery, the incidence of LTCD has significantly decreased. Neoadjuvant treatment did not influence the frequency of LTCD. Following LTCD the rate of local recurrence significantly increased and the 5 year survival rate significantly decreased. This also applied to @entity1 with neoadjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the era of TME surgery attention must to be paid to avoidance of LTCD. It is obligatory to document the occurrence of LTCD and it must be taken into consideration in routine quality assurance. In cases of LTCD postoperative chemoradiation is indicated for @entity1 without neoadjuvant irradiation.

title: [Intra-operative local XXXX cell dissemination in @entity189 surgery: effect of operation principles and neoadjuvant therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prematurity is the most common cause of @entity1 mortality and morbidity. To prevent this, the timing of parturition and its mechanisms should be understood. It is likely that inhibitor @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive decidual natural killer cells ( @entity9708 ) provide for the continuation of pregnancy. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive @entity9708 cells are highest in elective cesarian section (C/S) (suggesting ongoing gestation), moderate in normal full-term birth, and lowest in pre-eclamptic parturition. METHODS: Of 48 pregnant @entity1 , 21 C/S, 16 normal, and 11 pre-eclamptic deliveries were included in this study. Five placentas in each group were assigned randomly. After staining, the volumetric analysis of the placental villi and villous blood vessels was performed via the Cavalieri principle. The @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive @entity9708 cells were counted using the physical disector method. RESULTS: The gestation periods and birth weights of the pre-eclamptic deliveries were lower than those of the other two groups. Additionally, the villi and villous vascular volumes were lowest in the pre-eclamptic placentas. As proposed in our hypothesis, the inhibitor @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive @entity9708 cells were the highest in the C/S, moderate in the normal, and lowest in the pre-eclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive @entity9708 cells are related with the continuation of pregnancy, and that our @entity1 model could be used to search for parturition-timing machinery. We believe that @entity9706 / @entity9707 positive @entity9708 cells are also related to the timing of birth.

title: Is parturition-timing machinery related to the number of inhibitor @entity9706 / XXXX positive uterine natural killer cells?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infant']

answer: @entity9707 :: (3821,Gene) :: ['NKG2A']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine if bone and @entity121 is reversible in @entity1 who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) owing to @entity39 of the femoral head after osteosynthesis for a displaced @entity2249 . The cortical @entity79 ( @entity79 ), bone volume, bone mass, and muscle volume of the thigh and the @entity79 of the distal femur and proximal tibia were measured by quantitative computed tomography in 16 @entity1 . Both extremities were measured just before reoperation. The measurements were repeated 3 and 6 months later. At reoperation, there was a mean 12% relative loss of bone mass and 23% loss of muscle volume in the middle femur on the fractured side compared with the uninjured side. In the distal femur and proximal tibia, there was a relative loss of @entity79 of 14% and 21% on the fractured side. Six months after reoperation, we found no change in bone mineral at any location on either side. The muscle of the thigh showed a gain in volume of 20% on the reoperated side but no change on the uninjured side. At the time of reoperation, we noted a marked bone and @entity121 on the fractured side. We failed to note any restoration of bone mineral after @entity2445 despite remobilization, which is expressed as an increase in muscle volume on the reoperated side. This study indicates that osteopenic bone has difficulties in adapting to @entity1 ' improved mobility after reoperation.

title: An evaluation of bone loss after total hip arthroplasty for femoral XXXX after @entity2249 : a quantitative CT study in 16 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['head necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been shown to improve myocardial function in @entity296 . We studied one hypothetical mechanism, neo-angiogenesis, using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in an ischaemic @entity1707 model. METHODS: Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells were injected in the peri- @entity1188 area (1 10(6) cells kg(-1)) 2 weeks after @entity583 . @entity583 alone (n=3) served as a control group. In the @entity583 -mesenchymal stem cells group (n=6), @entity1140 was given from day 0 to day 12. Capillary density and inflammatory/rejection processes (anti- @entity24221 and anti- @entity22932 / @entity24222 monoclonal antibodies, respectively) were compared between groups. RESULTS: In scarred myocardium, capillary density was similar between both ischaemic groups: 15.4 (  15.3) and 14.7 (  15.2) vessel/field in @entity583 -mesenchymal stem cells and @entity583 -alone groups (non-significant). In viable myocardium adjacent to the @entity1188 , capillary density was significantly increased in the @entity583 -mesenchymal stem cells group than in the @entity583 -alone group (p=0.002). The number of infiltrating @entity22932 + cells was equivalent in both @entity583 -alone and @entity583 -mesenchymal stem cells groups ( @entity22932 +: 8.6% vs 9.3%, non-significant). However, @entity24222 + cell infiltration was more prominent after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (4.7% vs 2% in @entity583 alone, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation enhances angiogenesis after @entity583 . This effect is limited to the viable myocardium. Using a concomitant 12-day course of @entity1140 , no mesenchymal stem cell-specific cellular immune response was demonstrated.

title: Intracardiac allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation elicits neo-angiogenesis in a fully immunocompetent ischaemic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Type 1 @entity6 , if poorly controlled, leads to skeletal @entity2057 , decreasing the quality of life. We aimed to search highly responsive genes in @entity2057 in a common @entity6 model and to further characterize associated signaling pathways. @entity19 were killed 1, 3, or 5 wk after @entity3839 or control. Gene expression of @entity291 muscles was analyzed using microarray and protein signaling with Western blotting. We identified translational repressor protein @entity17739 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses) that increased seven- to eightfold and was associated with @entity2057 in @entity6 . The @entity6 -induced increase in @entity17739 was confirmed at the protein level. This result was accompanied by the increased gene expression of DNA damage/repair pathways and decreased expression in @entity855 production pathways. Concomitantly, increased phosphorylation of AMPK and dephosphorylation of the @entity1994 / @entity3470 / @entity17740 /FoxO pathway of proteins were observed together with increased protein ubiquitination. These changes were especially evident during the first 3 wk, along with the strong decrease in muscle mass. @entity6 also induced an increase in @entity17741 protein and decreased MAPK signaling. These, together with decreased serum insulin and increased serum @entity413 , remained altered throughout the 5-wk period. In conclusion, @entity6 induced by @entity3839 led to alteration of multiple signaling pathways. Of those, increased @entity17739 and @entity17741 together with decreased @entity1994 / @entity3470 /FoxO signaling are associated with @entity2057 . The increased @entity17739 and decreased @entity1994 / @entity3470 /FoxO signaling followed a similar time course and thus may be explained, in part, by increased expression of genes in DNA damage/repair and possibly also decrease in @entity855 -production pathways.

title: Altered @entity17739 , @entity17741 , and @entity1994 / @entity3470 /FoxO/MAPK signaling in @entity3839 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic muscle atrophy', 'muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['diabetic muscle atrophy']


abstract: Early surgical intervention remains the most successful therapy for @entity320 . Despite better outcomes observed in soft tissue and lymph node @entity3 , the results of pharmacological therapies are still disappointing. Currently, there is no standard adjuvant therapy for @entity320 . Low concentrations of @entity7447 have been demonstrated in @entity320 cell lines and in sera of @entity320 @entity1 . These data and the results of clinical trials of @entity1 with other @entity5 prompted this study of the long-term administration of an optimized dose of recombinant @entity4020 and @entity7447 to @entity1 with stage I and II @entity320 . A 3-year trial envisaging uninterrupted treatment with low-dose recombinant @entity4020 (9 000 000 000 IU weekly) administered twice daily and @entity7447 (400 mg/day) was conducted in @entity1 with stage I and II @entity320 (American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria 2002) and surgically removed lesions. Treatment efficacy was evaluated as incidence of recurrences at 5 years. All @entity1 completed the treatment and the follow-up. Significantly different rates of disease progression were observed in the interferon+ @entity7447 and the interferon group for both stages. No @entity1 withdrew from the study owing to side effects. Long-term administration of an optimized dose of recombinant @entity4020 in combination with @entity7447 seemed to induce significantly decreased rates of recurrence and had negligible adverse effects. A survival study could not be undertaken owing to the small @entity1 sample and the short duration of follow-up.

title: Recombinant XXXX and @entity7447 as a postsurgical adjuvant therapy for @entity320 : a 3-year trial with recombinant interferon-alpha and 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon alpha-2b']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e15583 Background: Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is standard treatment for early stage @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). Pelvic lymphadenectomy had never been fully evaluated in early @entity1204 until the ASTEC trial. The primary objective was to determine the benefit or otherwise of lymphadenectomy on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Primary analyses showed no evidence of an @entity1349 benefit with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95%CI 0.87-1.54; p=0.31) in favour of standard surgery. A secondary objective was to investigate whether type of incision affects outcome. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1204 were randomised to receive no lymphadenectomy (No LN) or lymphadenectomy (LN). The protocol recommended a vertical incision but transverse incisions could be used if appropriate. The updated analysis was planned when 110 @entity204 were observed in each incision group to detect a 10% difference in 5-year @entity1349 with 5% significance level and 90% power. RESULTS: Between 07/1998 and 04/2005, 1408 @entity1 (704 No LN, 704 LN) were randomised. 1286 @entity1 had open (vs laparoscopic) surgery, of these 672 (52%), 522 (40%) and 92 (7%) had vertical, Pfannenstiel and other transverse incisions respectively. More @entity1 in the LN arm had a vertical incision (386) compared to the no LN arm (287). With a median follow-up of 60 months, 251 (18%) @entity1 (115 No LN, 136 LN) had died with a HR of 1.22 (95%CI 0.95-1.56), p=0.12 in favour of standard surgery. 128 (19%) and 102 (17%) @entity204 were reported in vertical and Pfannenstiel/other transverse groups. There was no evidence of an interaction between type of incision and surgical randomisation for @entity1349 (p=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Long term follow-up supports previous findings, with no evidence of a benefit from lymphadenectomy and no evidence that type of @entity954 influences @entity1349 .

title: The effect of incision in the surgical treatment of XXXX and long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of lymphadenectomy: Results of the MRC ASTEC trial.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The @entity6023 are widely used in the cytotoxic treatment of many solid @entity5 . Their optimal scheduling, however, remains unconfirmed. Here we review the development of both @entity1311 and @entity1205 to identify evidence influencing the choice of schedule. Early work with @entity1311 identified that it exhibits non-linear pharmacokinetics which has important clinical implications. @entity1311 has been administered with a wide range of infusion times, especially 3-weekly and recently weekly schedules. Clinical activity of a weekly schedule appears at least non-inferior, and, in certain circumstances superior, to the 3-weekly schedule, with improved tolerability. Similarly, @entity1205 has been investigated for 3-weekly versus weekly schedule, reporting equivalent efficacy and improved side effect profile for weekly dosing with regards myelosuppression. Both @entity1311 and @entity1205 are often used with the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and bevacizumab. It would appear that in this setting, activity may be again improved by administering the @entity3907 weekly, especially in combination with trastuzumab. A further recent development is the use of nab- @entity1311 , nanoparticle albumin-bound @entity1311 ; this Cremaphor EC-free preparation allows shorter infusion times without premedication. Benefits of a weekly schedule with this newer drug are also emerging from the limited randomised data. Whether the possibly greater efficacy of weekly @entity1311 in particular reflects a biological effect of more frequent exposure of @entity5 cells to the cytotoxic is less clear as this schedule also allows a higher dose intensity to be delivered. Nevertheless, that after more than 20 years, weekly administration has emerged as the optimal schedule, especially for @entity1311 . In practice, the choice of schedule is a balance between the better tolerability (and possibly efficacy) of weekly treatment balanced against the inconvenience for both the @entity1 and clinic of more frequent visits for chemotherapy.

title: Scheduling of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity6023 :: (MESH:D043823,Chemical) :: ['taxanes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a long-term follow-up shows any reduction in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, which could result in declining @entity251 levels in @entity1 with @entity263 , as most (96%) @entity1 have @entity251 levels within the normal range by 1 year after treatment with a short course of LH-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) and radiotherapy, and LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) remain high at 1 year after treatment, maintaining the @entity251 levels. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 55 @entity1 who previously had a short course of LHRHa (median 97 days, range 28-167) and radiotherapy for @entity263 . Eligible @entity1 had documented normal @entity251 , LH and FSH levels at baseline and at 1-3 years after radiotherapy. LH, FSH and @entity251 were then measured at 5 years after treatment. RESULTS: The mean hormone levels before, at 1-3 years and at 5 years after treatment, respectively, were: @entity251 (nmol/L), 15.33, 13.98, 12.97; LH (U/L), 5.51, 9.95, 6.95; and FSH (U/L), 7.95, 22.40, 17.00. The decrease in @entity251 level at 5 years vs 1-3 years was not statistically significant and was of little clinical relevance (P = 0.057). LH and FSH levels were higher at 1-3 years than at baseline and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) at 5 years towards the baseline value. The decrease in FSH level was less marked than for LH. CONCLUSION: After a short course of LHRHa and radiotherapy, the @entity251 level was maintained at 5 years. LH levels decreased towards the baseline value, suggesting recovery of Leydig cell function. FSH levels remained high, suggesting persistent Sertoli cell damage from treatment.

title: Long-term effects of a short course of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue and radical radiotherapy on the hormonal profile in XXXX with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The acute effects of the @entity10343 inhibition by @entity2165 were investigated on conscious @entity35 . Cardiac output and organ blood flow were measured by 15-microns radiolabelled microspheres during control and 20 min after administration of @entity2165 (1 mg/kg body wt). Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously. Arterial blood gases and pH were determined immediately after the two microsphere injections and arterial blood samplings. The mean arterial blood pressure fell significantly shortly after the injection of @entity2165 and was reduced by 9% (p less than 0.02) after 20 min. Heart rate fell by 17% (p less than 0.05). The total peripheral vascular resistance increased by 25% (p less than 0.05). At the same time the arterial acid-base chemistry remained unaltered from the control. The cardiac output fell by 24% (p less than 0.05). Blood flow fell to all organs and tissues (0-67%) except to the brain, adrenals, liver, ears and diaphragm. The greatest decrease was seen in perfusion of the adipose tissue (67%) and of the spleen (60%), indicating that the blood flow to these organs are normally highly influenced by @entity10343 stimulation. The estimated work load of the heart was reduced by 20% which correlated well to a reduction of myocardial blood flow to the same degree.

title: The effect of @entity10343 blockade on cardiac output and organ blood flow in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure dynamic change characteristics of spatial and temporal variations in the post-blink tear film of normal eyes. METHODS: A wavefront sensor was used to measure dynamic changes in wavefront aberrations, up to the seventh order, for 10 seconds in a group of 33 normal young adults. Tear menisci were imaged with an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS- @entity6653 ) system and tear film break-up times (TFBUTs) were determined. RESULTS: Systematic changes in main axis @entity940 (R(2) = 0.933, P < 0.0001), vertical @entity772 (R(2) = 0.935, P < 0.0001) and spherical aberrations (R(2) = 0.879, P = 0.0002) occurred during the 10-second post-blink period. Both lower tear meniscus height and area increased by 10 seconds compared with the initial levels (P < 0.0001 for each). The change of vertical @entity772 had significant correlation with the increase of lower tear meniscus areas during the 10-second post-blink period (R(2) = 0.181, P = 0.014). Subjects with TFBUTs < 15 seconds had significantly increased main axis @entity940 , vertical @entity772 , and spherical aberrations by 10 seconds. Subjects with longer TFBUTs did not have any significant wavefront aberrations during that period. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic changes in some Zernike aberrations after blinking are associated with the changes in tear menisci and TFBUT. There was a substantial individual variation in dynamic changes of Zernike aberrations, suggesting the necessity to explore individual differences in tear quality and tear performance. Dynamic wavefront measurement combined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography could provide a useful tool to understand spatial and temporal processes of the tear film in clinical practice.

title: Dynamic changes in ocular Zernike aberrations and tear menisci measured with a wavefront sensor and an anterior segment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity6653 :: (5362,Gene) :: ['OCT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of antenatal @entity479 therapy is common in pregnancy. In early pregnancy, @entity230 may be used in @entity1 for the treatment of recurrent miscarriage or @entity2241 such as @entity774 . In mid-late pregnancy, the antenatal administration of @entity288 to expectant mothers in anticipation of @entity600 is one of the most important advances in perinatal medicine; antenatal @entity288 are now standard care for pregnancies at risk of @entity3465 in high- and middle-income countries. The widespread uptake of this therapy is due to a compelling body of evidence demonstrating improved neonatal outcomes following antenatal @entity228 exposure, stemming most notably from @entity228 -driven maturation of fetal pulmonary function. As we approach the 50th anniversary of landmark work in this area by Liggins and Howie, it is apparent that much remains to be understood with regards to how we might best apply antenatal @entity228 therapy to improve pregnancy outcomes at both early and mid to late gestation. METHODS: Drawing on advances in laboratory science, pre-clinical and clinical studies, we performed a narrative review of the scientific literature to provide a timely update on the benefits, risks and uncertainties regarding antenatal @entity228 use in pregnancy. Three, well-established therapeutic uses of antenatal @entity230 , namely recurrent miscarriage, @entity774 and @entity600 , were selected to frame the review. RESULTS: Even the most well-established antenatal @entity479 therapies lack the comprehensive pharmacokinetic and dose-response data necessary to optimize dosing regimens. New insights into complex, tissue-specific @entity228 signalling by genomic-dependent and independent mechanisms have not been used to inform @entity228 treatment strategies. There is growing evidence that some fetal @entity228 treatments are either ineffective, or may result in adverse outcomes, in addition to lasting epigenetic changes in a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Nowhere is the need to better understand the intricacies of @entity228 therapy better conveyed than in the findings of Althabe and colleagues who recently reported an increase in overall neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity in association with antenatal @entity228 administration in low-resource settings. CONCLUSIONS: New research to clarify the benefits and potential risks of antenatal @entity228 therapy is urgently needed, especially with regard to @entity228 use in low-resource environments. We conclude that there is both significant scope and an urgent need for further research-informed refinement to the use of antenatal @entity288 in pregnancy.

title: The clinical use of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and quality of life profiles of ER formulation of @entity1092 in @entity1 with @entity302 . This was a prospective, multicentre, open-lable study. @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity302 were included and prescribed the ER formulation of @entity1092 as initial or add-on therapy for 6 months. Efficacy and safety re-evaluation procedures were performed at 1 (V1), 3 (V2), and 6 months (V3) after enrollment. A QOLIE-31 inventory was used to assess the quality of life before and after the 6-month treatment. Nine hundred and fifty-eight @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity302 were included in the analysis. The mean of @entity410 frequency at baseline was 8.56 per month. The median maintenance dose of the ER @entity1092 was 750 mg per day. The number of @entity410 attacks per month was significantly decreased at the last visit compared to baseline by 88.3%. @entity1 improved quality of life in the fields of ' @entity410 worry' (P=0.000), 'overall quality of life' (P=0.000), 'social function' (P<0.01), and 'Question 31' (P=0.000), but showed decreased 'energy' (P=0.000). In the early phase of treatment, the main adverse effects included drowsiness, @entity1296 , and @entity448 . By 6 months of treatment, @entity1017 , @entity1665 , and @entity400 were most frequently reported. The results of the present study demonstrated that @entity1 receiving ER @entity1092 as add-on or mono-therapy for 6 months exhibited significantly greater median percent reductions from baseline in @entity410 frequency for all @entity410 types, and significantly higher responder rates and higher @entity410 freedom rates, with good tolerance and improved quality of life.

title: A 6-month prospective study on efficacy safety and QOL profiles of extended-release formulation of @entity1092 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity561 ( @entity16292 ) enhances the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we hypothesize that @entity16292 may act as an osteo-inductive factor to stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for bone regeneration. The in vitro effect of @entity16292 (1-10  M) on the osteogenic ability of hADSCs was evaluated by examining mineralization and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity. @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) expression was measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Our results indicated that 5  M @entity16292 was sufficient to enhance @entity1841 expression, @entity623 activity and mineralization in hADSCs. The in vivo effect of locally administered @entity16292 on bone repair was examined in a @entity35 critical-sized (7-mm) calvarial defect that was implanted with a hADSC-seeded @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) scaffold. @entity16292 (5  M/100  l/day) was injected locally into the defect site for one week. New bone formation was evaluated by radiographic and histological analyses at 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. The expression levels of @entity1 @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) and hADSC localization in defect sites were examined using immunohistochemistry analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization, respectively. Results showed that local treatment of @entity16292 on hADSC-seeded @entity7050 scaffolds at week 12 had a maximal effect on bone regeneration, enhancing mineralization and bone matrix formation. In addition, hADSCs and @entity1841 were also detected at the defect sites. These results demonstrated that local delivery of @entity16292 , a potent osteo-inductive factor, enhances hADSC osteogenesis and bone regeneration.

title: The effect of the local delivery of @entity561 on XXXX adipose-derived stem cell-based bone regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'Bone morphogenetic protein 2', 'hBMP2']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity3428 of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) appears to be due to dysregulation of steroidogenesis within the ovaries and adrenal glands. @entity9667 is the key enzyme that regulates @entity342 synthesis. It is the only enzyme known to have the capacity to convert C21-precursors to the @entity342 pre-hormones, the @entity9193 . It is a single enzyme with two activities, 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase. Thus, its regulation is a significant factor in the expression of @entity3428 . @entity342 secretion is LH-dependent in the ovary and ACTH-dependent in the adrenal glands. The androgenic response to each of these tropic hormones seems to be modulated by intra-ovarian or intra-adrenal autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This modulation serves to regulate @entity134 hormone secretion in tissue-specific ways. Insulin, IGFs and inhibin are among the many growth factors capable of augmenting the response to LH and ACTH. The insulin/IGF system stimulates @entity9667 mRNA expression and activities in the ovaries and adrenal glands. An integrating link between insulin resistance and @entity3610 may be @entity563 phosphorylation, which inhibits activity of the @entity8277 and promotes the 17,20-lyase activity of @entity9667 . However, it must be kept in mind that there is some evidence for the existence of @entity9667 -independent pathways of @entity342 biosynthesis.

title: Role of XXXX in @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'hyperandrogenemia', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity9193 :: ('MESH:D015068', 'Chemical') :: ['17-ketosteroids']

answer: @entity9667 :: (1586,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450c17']


abstract: AIMS: Objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and results of preputial reconstruction and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) in @entity1 of @entity4094 with @entity546 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 of @entity4094 who underwent preputioplasty with TIP were evaluated retrospectively. Ventral curvature was corrected by mobilization of the urethral plate with the corpus spongiosum and the proximal urethra; dorsal plication was added according to the severity of curvature. Feasibility of preputial reconstruction was assessed by applying 3 stay sutures-the first to fix the skin at the corona, the second at the junction of the inner and outer preputial skin for pulling up the skin over the glans, and the third stay on penile skin at the level of the corona for retracting the skin. Preputial reconstruction consisted of a standard 3 layered re-approximation of the margins of the dorsal hood. RESULTS: Age of the @entity1 varied from 10 months to 21 years with an average of 6 years and 4 months. Ventral curvature (mild 10, moderate 13, and severe 4 cases) was corrected by the mobilization of the urethral plate and spongiosum in 14 @entity1 , 11 cases had mobilization of the proximal urethra in addition and 2 @entity1 required single stitch dorsal plication with the above-mentioned steps. Two @entity1 developed @entity292 and 1 had preputial dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: Preputioplasty with TIP is feasible in @entity4094 with curvature without increasing the complication rate. Postoperative phimosis can be prevented by on-table testing of the adequacy of preputial skin by 3 stay sutures.

title: Preputial reconstruction and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in XXXX with @entity546 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['ventral penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['urethral fistula']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['proximal hypospadias']


abstract: The effect of @entity701 on spontaneous @entity1 IgE and IgG4 production in @entity1097 @entity1 was studied. In cultures of mononuclear cells, @entity701 (HC) enhanced IgE and IgG4 production without affecting the production of IgM, @entity5727 , IgA2, IgG1, IgG2, or @entity3172 . In contrast, @entity251 , @entity10769 , @entity1420 , @entity1369 , gonadotropin, and prolactin were without effect. HC had to be added at the initiation of culture to achieve this enhancing effect. @entity3646 and @entity4047 also enhanced spontaneous IgE and IgG4 production in mononuclear cells. However, the enhancement of IgE and IgG4 production by HC was not mediated by @entity3646 or @entity4047 , as the addition of anti- @entity3646 or anti- @entity4047 Ab did not block the HC-induced enhancement. HC also enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in purified B cells, whereas neither @entity3646 nor @entity4047 did so. @entity225 , @entity650 , and @entity310 also enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in purified B cells; however, neither anti- @entity225 , anti- @entity650 , nor anti- @entity310 mAbs blocked the HC-induced enhancement. Purified surface (s)IgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells spontaneously produced IgE and IgG, respectively, whereas sIgE- and sIgG4- B cells failed to do so. HC enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in sIgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells, respectively, without affecting proliferation, whereas HC failed to induce IgE and IgG4 production in sIgE- and sIgG4- B cells, respectively. These results indicate that HC may selectively stimulate sIgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells.

title: Effect of @entity701 on spontaneous IgE and IgG4 production in @entity1097 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress remains unclear in the multifactorial pathophysiologic mechanism of @entity358 in preterm @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the associations among @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), oxidative stress, and @entity26 requirements in preterm @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, and correlational design. SUBJECTS: Preterm @entity1 born at <32 weeks' gestation (N = 31), median gestation of 29.0 weeks (range 24.9-31.7). MEASUREMENTS: The diagnosis of @entity1030 was obtained from the medical record. Oxidative stress was measured using @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) in the cord blood at birth and urine on Days 1 and 7. @entity26 requirements were measured using fraction of inspired @entity26 (FIO2) recorded in the first hour after birth/admission and the average FIO2 during the first 12 hr and 7 days after birth. Descriptive statistics are presented. Comparison analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1030 (n = 12) had lower gestational age (p = .04) and weight (p = .04) at birth, more days on the ventilator (p = .004), and longer neonatal intensive care unit stay (p = .04) compared to @entity1 without @entity1030 (n = 19). @entity1030 was associated with lower oxidative stress levels (p = .03) and higher @entity26 requirements during the first 12 hr (p = .025) and on Day 7 (p = .001). Lower oxidative stress levels on Day 7 were associated with higher @entity26 requirements in the first 12 hr (p = .01) and on Day 7 (p = .03). CONCLUSION: Our results linking @entity1030 and higher @entity26 requirements with low oxidative stress contradict previous reports. Findings identify a gap in knowledge for postresuscitation @entity26 therapy in preterm @entity1 and expose the role of oxidative stress from @entity32 and intermittent @entity519 in the etiology of @entity1030 .

title: XXXX , Oxidative Stress, and @entity26 Requirements in Preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', '8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'CLD']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Lung Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The natural history of aggressive (Borden 2 and 3) cranial @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) is not well described. Reported annual mortality and @entity548 rates vary widely and range up to 20% per year. A consecutive single-center cohort of 236 cases that presented with a cranial DAVF between June 1984 and May 2001 was reviewed for the consequences of long-term persistent cortical @entity1211 (CVR). METHODS: A group of 118 cranial @entity2457 was selected for the presence of CVR. All @entity1 were offered treatment aimed at the disconnection of the CVR. @entity1 who declined or had partial treatment with persistence of the CVR had long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up to study the disease course of this select group. RESULTS: Treatment was instituted in 101 of the 118 @entity1 (85.6%). Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 14 nontreated @entity1 (11.9%) and the partially treated @entity1 (n=6) were assessed clinically and angiographically over time. The mean follow-up in this select group was 4.3 years (86.9 @entity1 -years). During follow-up, 7 @entity1 suffered an @entity932 (35%). The incidence of @entity51 was 30%. Nine @entity1 (45%) died: 6 @entity1 expired after a @entity548 , and 3 @entity1 died of progressive @entity16 . Two @entity1 demonstrated a spontaneous closure of the DAVF (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Persistence of the CVR in cranial @entity2457 yields an annual mortality rate of 10.4%. Excluding events at presentation, in this series the annual risk for @entity548 or @entity51 during follow-up was 8.1% and 6.9%, respectively, resulting in an annual event rate of 15.0%.

title: Clinical course of cranial @entity2457 with long-term persistent cortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous reflux']