abstract: To achieve long-term disease-free survival, high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the current standard approach in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity978 ( @entity978 ) or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Because chemosensitivity is a significant factor in determining transplantation eligibility, it is critical to select a salvage chemotherapy regimen that has the potential to induce a high response rate with low nonhematologic @entity137 . In this phase II study, 49 @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity978 (n = 22) and @entity1893 (n = 27) with a median age of 42 years were treated with an IIVP salvage regimen consisting of @entity1260 , @entity8779 , and @entity2879 . Twenty-seven percent of the @entity1 had primary refractory disease, whereas 22% and 51% had early and late relapses, respectively. As analyzed by intention to treat, 16 @entity1 (33%) achieved complete remission and 21 @entity1 (43%) achieved a partial response, leading to an overall response rate of 76% (63% in @entity1893 and 91% in @entity978 ). In the univariate analysis, diagnosis ( @entity1893 ), remission duration before the initiation of IIVP, disease bulk, increased @entity880 dehydrogenase, and the presence of "B" symptoms were significant factors affecting the response achieved by the IIVP regimen. Of 37 responders, 31 (84%) underwent high-dose therapy and transplantation. The probability of 4-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in this group of @entity1 who underwent ASCT was 67.7% and 49.1%, respectively. When compared with the @entity1 who achieved a partial response, @entity1 who achieved complete remission with the IIVP regimen had a significantly higher probability of 4-year EFS (67.3% versus 30%; P = .016) and 4-year OS (92.3% versus 39.2%; P = .003). In @entity1 with @entity978 , 4-year EFS and 4-year OS were 54.9% and 70.6%, respectively, without a significant difference with respect to the survival rates obtained in @entity1 with @entity1893 (43.6% and 63.6%, respectively). Common side effects observed during 102 cycles of therapy were grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 (62%) and @entity882 (58%). The IIVP regimen is a highly effective salvage regimen for @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity978 or @entity1893 who are candidates for ASCT. Furthermore, the degree of response to IIVP predicts the posttransplantation outcome. However, close follow-up is necessary because of a high incidence of grade 3 to 4 hematologic @entity137 .

title: @entity1260 , @entity8779 , and @entity2879 in relapsed/refractory XXXX or @entity1893 : a salvage regimen with high response rates before autologous stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'HD versus NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Post operative @entity2894 after partial resection of a giant @entity977 is mostly fatal, despite early and best management. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and preoperative consideration toward prevention of apoplexy are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with post operative @entity2894 were critically reviewed for clinical presentation, endocrine status, preoperative imaging and post operative course with outcome. Operative findings and histopathology were correlated. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 over 11 years with a mean age of 36 years were reviewed. All @entity1 had @entity977 . Four @entity1 had functional @entity652 . All @entity1 were optimized for endocrine status before surgery. Twelve @entity1 underwent transsphenoidal excision of the @entity5 . Only partial excision could be achieved in all cases. @entity1662 (9), @entity227 (3), delayed reversal and excessive @entity548 (1) were the primary indicators toward apoplexy. Ten @entity1 were reexplored within 24 h of first surgery. All except one were explored transcranially a second time. Twelve @entity1 died with variable post operative course. @entity1640 and dyselectolytemia (9) were leading causes of @entity204 , followed by @entity693 and @entity428 . CONCLUSIONS: Post operative @entity2894 is associated with high mortality, despite early and best management. Partial resection of the giant @entity977 is directly responsible for post operative apoplexy. Maximum possible resection of the @entity5 by suitable exposure should be the optimal goal of surgery. Surgical exposure, either transcranial or transsphenoidal, should be dictated by @entity5 configuration on preoperative imaging. Endocrine status, histology of the @entity5 and clinical presentation do not appear to contribute to post operative @entity2894 .

title: Post operative XXXX : preoperative considerations toward preventing nightmare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['giant pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['Deterioration of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2894 :: (MESH:D010899,Disease) :: ['pituitary apoplexy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The digestive tract constitutes the most frequent localization of the extranodular non @entity978 . The chief clinical and histological characteristics were analyzed as were the evolution and response to treatment of 25 @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity344 (PGIL) in one center over a period of eight years. METHODS: To establish the diagnosis of PGIL the Dawson criteria were used and the state was determined by the Ann-Arbor classification modified by Musshoff. To histologically classify of the PGIL the Working Formulation was followed. The influence of the clinical, histological characteristics and the state of the obtention of complete remission (CR), the @entity827 ( @entity20831 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the series was 56 years (standard deviation 15 years) (12 males). The most frequent localization was gastric followed by the small intestine and the large intestine. @entity490 and @entity353 were the most frequent clinical manifestations in the PGIL, regardless of its site. In 12 @entity1 the PGIL was of an intermediate grade of @entity5 , 8 were of low grade and 5 of high grade. The state was IE in 11 @entity1 , IE1 in 9 and IIE2 in 5. The most used treatment was radical surgery followed by polychemotherapy. Complete remission was obtained in 15 @entity1 and 2 recurred. The foreseen SFP at 7 years was 69% of the cases and @entity1349 was 53%. In IE state @entity1 was most frequently obtained and @entity1349 was also more prolonged in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In the present series the gastric localization of @entity1 with primary @entity344 was more frequent than intestinal localization. The HNL of intermediate and high grades of @entity5 predominated those of low grade. The prognosis of @entity1 with primary @entity344 in a IE state was more favorable than the remaining @entity1 . In turn, surgery constituted a good option in the initial treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity344 .

title: [Primary XXXX : a study of 25 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['survival free period of the disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['global survival', 'GS']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: P-selectin is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells and platelets. We hypothesized that a @entity2435 (TPA)/P-selectin fusion protein would have not only thrombolytic activity but also might target TPA to the thrombi. In addition, it seemed possible that this chimeric protein would competitively inhibit the binding of native P-selectin on endothelial cells and platelets to leukocytes and thus further promote thrombolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The full-length, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-resistant form of TPA (TPAIR) together with two TPAIR/P-selectin fusion constructs (P280IR and P121IR) were expressed with the use of baculovirus vectors. After infection of Sf21 cells with the recombinant baculovirus, recombinant TPAIR and P-selectin/TPAIR fusion proteins were purified with the use of metal ion chromatography. The intact protease activity of TPAIR and the ligand binding capability of P-selectin were confirmed through indirect chromogenic and cell binding assays, respectively. These molecules were assessed both in vitro and in vivo for thrombolytic activity. In vitro clot lysis assays indicated equal efficacy of TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR (P > .5). The in vivo efficacy was tested in a cyclic flow variation model with the use of the @entity35 mesenteric artery. Compared with saline control treatment, reduction in cyclic flow variations was significant (P < .05) and similar (P > .5) among TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR. No significant @entity548 was noted among treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Chimeric proteins P280IR and P121IR have clot lysis activities that are similar to TPAIR both in vitro and in vivo. These chimeric proteins also bind to P-selectin ligand in vitro. Thus, these proteins may provide an efficient method of targeting TPA to the @entity715 region. Further experimental analysis with the use of larger animal @entity1563 models should help determine the future value of these proteins as clinical therapeutic agents.

title: A XXXX /P-selectin fusion protein is an effective thrombolytic agent.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity2435 :: (25692(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: The sample in the present study comprised 36 @entity1 who were referred for treatment of @entity2520 . Twenty-four of them were early onset @entity2521 (EOP) @entity1 and 12 were @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ) @entity1 . Based upon the age, number of involved teeth and the location of diseased sites, the EOP @entity1 were divided into two groups as @entity6223 ( @entity6223 ) and @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ). All the @entity1 were individually examined both clinically and radiographically. At a baseline examination and 3 months after active therapy, the @entity1 were evaluated for plaque, @entity2522 , probing depths and probing attachment levels. Following instruction in proper oral hygiene measures, all of the @entity1 were subjected to periodontal treatment. Treatment comprised scaling and root-planing, occlusal adjustment, @entity803 administration and periodontal surgery with osteoplasty. Results showed that age limits between @entity6223 and @entity2521 cannot be drawn with certainty. The mean age for the @entity6223 group was 21.83 years and was 30.58 years for the @entity2521 group. The number of involved teeth was found to increase with age. The first molars were the most frequently affected teeth followed by the incisors. Three months after active treatment, the response of periodontal tissues to therapy both in EOP and @entity7278 groups was almost identical.

title: Clinical studies on juvenile, rapidly progressive and XXXX before and after periodontal therapy (I).

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['JP', 'juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'RPP', 'rapidly progressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['adult periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is well known that @entity27 -(OSA) is frequently associated with @entity28 . In the current study, we investigated the correlation between abdominal visceral fat accumulation and the presence of OSA in @entity28 subjects. SUBJECTS: A consecutive series of 37 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) with primary @entity28 who were admitted to the Second Department of Internal Medicine. Osaka University Hospital, were investigated @entity1 with OSA were designated as those whose apnoea index (number of apnoea h-1 of sleep) was more than 5. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution of body fat was determined using computed tomographic sections. The upper airway dimensions were evaluated with indices obtained by cephalometry in both inspiratory and expiratory phases. RESULTS: Visceral @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) area which was measured at the level of the umbilicus, and its ratio to total @entity1386 area were both significantly greater in OSA @entity1 as compared with those in non-OSA @entity1 . All subjects whose visceral @entity1386 area measured more than 220 cm2 manifested OSA. These two parameters also closely correlated with an increase in apnoea index. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the visceral @entity1386 area significantly correlated to apnoea index when age, @entity1386 mass and lean body mass were taken into account. The fluctuations of the upper airway were significantly greater in the large visceral fat group than in the small visceral fat group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that visceral fat accumulation is an important risk indicator for OSA in @entity28 subjects.

title: Visceral fat accumulation as an important risk factor for XXXX in @entity28 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of @entity302 on the autonomic control of the heart in pre-ictal phase in order to find an algorithm of early detection of @entity410 onset. METHODS: Overall 133 @entity302 were analyzed from 12 @entity1 with @entity302 (seven males and five females; mean age 43.91 years, SD: 10.16) participated in this study. Single lead electrocardiogram recordings of @entity302 @entity1 were compiled. 240, 90-30, 30-10 and 5 minutes heart rate variability (HRV) signals of preseizure were chosen for analysis of heart rate. As HRV signals are non-stationary, a set of time and frequency domain features (Mean HR, Triangular Index, LF, HF, LF/HF) and nonlinear parameters ( @entity15757 , SD2 and SD2/ @entity15757 indices derived from Poincare plots) extracted from HRV is analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using paired sample t-test for comparisons of the segments and differences between pre-ictal segments were evaluated by Tukey tests. RESULTS: There was slight @entity591 in segments near the @entity410 (30 minutes before: 85.3517 bpm, 5 minutes before: 119.3630.82 bpm, p=0.0207) which significantly differ from baseline in segments far from @entity410 (240 minutes before: 66.5211.7 bpm). Also there was significant increase in LF/HF ratio (30 minutes before: 1.10.22, 5 minutes before: 2.120.5, p=0.0332) and SD2/ @entity15757 ratio (30 minutes before: 1.20.15, 5 minutes before: 2.030.55, p=0.0431) when compared to segments far from the @entity410 (240 minutes before: 0.780.24 and 0.780.14) respectively. Although there was about decrease of triangular index in segments near the @entity410 the percentage of decrease was not comparable to segments far from the @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Significant changes of HRV parameters in pre-ictal (5 minutes before the @entity410 ) are obviously higher in comparison to interictal baseline. Pre-ictal significant changes of HRV suggesting that this time can be considered as prediction time for designing an algorithm of early detection of @entity410 onset based on HRV.

title: Pre-ictal heart rate variability assessment of XXXX by means of linear and non-linear analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that intensive lipid lowering using @entity8671 results in regression of coronary plaques. However, few data exist regarding lipid profiles over time, drug tolerability, and the effects of prior use of lipid lowering agents in @entity1 on @entity8671 treatment. Therefore, we studied these matters in a subanalysis of the @entity453 Study Measuring Effects of @entity8671 Using Intravascular Ultrasound in Japanese Subjects (COSMOS). METHODS: @entity8671 was titrated for 76  weeks to attain LDL-C  <  80  mg/dL in 213 Japanese dyslipidemic @entity1 with CAD. Clinic visits were scheduled for every 4  weeks during the 76-week study period. Changes over time in lipid parameters, changes in those according to prior lipid-lowering therapy, and changes in those according to baseline lipid levels were evaluated in this subanalysis. RESULTS: Overall, 126 @entity1 completed the study. The mean @entity8671 dose at the last observation carried forward was 16.9  mg (range, 2.5-20  mg). @entity8671 significantly increased HDL-C, lowered LDL-C, and improved the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (all, P  <  0.0001). Increases in serum HDL-C levels were significantly greater in @entity1 with HDL-C  <  40  mg/dL than in those with HDL-C  >=   40  mg/dL at baseline (P  =  0.0005). The estimated glomerular filtration rate increased significantly by 2.84      9.01  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) (P  <  0.0001). Of 166 adverse events in 74 @entity1 , 113 events in 54 @entity1 were laboratory values beyond the normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity8671 significantly improved lipid profiles, with an acceptable safety profile, contributing to plaque regression in Japanese @entity1 with CAD.

title: Impact of intensive lipid lowering on lipid profiles over time and tolerability in stable @entity453 : insights from a subanalysis of the @entity453 study measuring effects of XXXX using intravascular ultrasound in Japanese subjects (COSMOS).

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['rosuvastatin']


abstract: Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted acidic glycoprotein that has potent monocyte chemoattractant and adhesive properties. Up-regulation of tubular OPN expression is thought to promote interstitial macrophage infiltration in experimental @entity1310 ; however, the role of @entity8 , particularly crescent formation, is unknown. The present study used Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to examine OPN expression in a @entity35 model of accelerated anti-GBM @entity631 . Osteopontin mRNA and protein is expressed by some parietal epithelial cells, thick ascending limbs of Henle and medullary tubules and collecting ducts in normal @entity35 kidney. De novo OPN mRNA and protein expression was evident in glomerular visceral and parietal epithelial cells in anti-GBM @entity631 . Glomerular OPN expression preceded and correlated with macrophage infiltration in the development of hypercellularity, focal and segmental lesions and, notably, crescent formation. There was marked up-regulation of OPN expression by tubular epithelial cells that also preceded and correlated with interstitial macrophage (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) and T-cell infiltration (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). Both glomerular and tubular OPN expression correlated significantly with @entity644 (P < 0.001) and a reduction in @entity1011 clearance (P < 0.01). In addition, double immunohistochemistry showed co-expression of osteopontin and one of its ligands, @entity3802 , in intrinsic renal cells. @entity3802 and OPN expression by parietal epithelial cells was evident in crescent formation, while virtually all OPN-positive tubules expressed @entity3802 . Infiltrating macrophages and T-cells were @entity3802 -positive, but only a small proportion of T-cells and few macrophages showed OPN expression. Interestingly, strong OPN mRNA and protein expression was seen in macrophage multinucleated giant cells. In summary, this study suggests that OPN promotes macrophage and T-cell infiltration in the development of @entity8 in rat anti-GBM @entity631 , including glomerular crescent and multinucleated giant cell formation.

title: De novo glomerular osteopontin expression in @entity35 crescentic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['OPN in glomerular lesions', 'renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: We prospectively studied the role of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and psychometric tests in the assessment of subclinical @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in 61 cirrhotic @entity1 with grade 0 @entity75 and 20 controls. Six additional uneducated controls underwent only psychometric tests. Median nerve-evoked cortical responses were recorded for N20-N65 interpeak latencies (IPLs). Psychometric tests were conducted within 4 hours of SEP testing. Seven (26.9%) controls and 30 (49.2%) cirrhotic @entity1 had abnormal psychometric test results (writing sample tests, 20; five-point star tests, 17; number-connection tests, 19; and following-a-track tests, 18); seven controls and 25 cirrhotic @entity1 had 6 or fewer years of education; 7 controls and 28 cirrhotics were older than 50 years of age. Cirrhotic @entity1 (47.6 +/- 8.3 milliseconds) had higher N20-N65 IPLs than controls (40.2 +/- 3.0 milliseconds; P < .001). Twenty-nine (47.5%) cirrhotic @entity1 had abnormal N20-N65 IPLs. Of the 26 cirrhotic @entity1 with more than 6 years of education, 15 (57.7%) had abnormal N20-N65 IPLs and 5 (19.2%) had abnormal psychometric test results (P = .005). Our data show that N20-N65 IPLs of SEPs are helpful in the assessment of subclinical @entity75 ; 47.5% of cirrhotic @entity1 had subclinical @entity75 . Poorly educated and older subjects tended to have abnormal psychometric test results. SEPs were not affected by education and age and were more sensitive than psychometric tests in the assessment of subclinical @entity75 in better-educated cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in subclinical XXXX : a comparison with psychometric tests.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PSE', 'portosystemic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['portosystemic encephalopathy']


abstract: There is considerable evidence that @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) is important in the pathogenesis of @entity989 . The effects of this endothelial cell-specific mitogen are mediated by specific cell surface receptors. In this study we probed for the two @entity6667 receptors (VEGFRs) known to have highest affinity in the @entity35 -- @entity25603 and @entity12186 . Using a well-characterized @entity35 model of the @entity66 @entity989 ( @entity989 ), we performed immunohistochemical assays on @entity11379 sections of eyes from normal and @entity26 -injured animals at the time neovascularization is first observed (16 days of age) and at its peak (day 20). In day 16 room air retinas there was light, diffuse labeling of the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer. In contrast, in 4 of 5 @entity26 -injured eyes on day 16, there was specific labeling of small neovascular growths and normal retinal vessels, and the outermost (sclerad) limit of the label had shifted inward to the vitread border of the inner nuclear layer and the inner plexiform layer. Day 20 room air eyes showed a pattern similar to day 16, although with stronger labeling. However, in @entity26 -injured eyes on day 20 the labeling pattern had shifted toward the vitreous, with extremely strong labeling of the preretinal neovascular growths. As on day 16 there was also labeling of the inner plexiform layer and the inner portion of the inner nuclear layer, but not the outer plexiform layer. Comparison of @entity6667 protein immunolabel with both of the VEGFR immunolabels revealed overlap and strong similarity on day 20 in the @entity26 -injured eyes. This is the first report of @entity6667 receptor protein being concentrated in preretinal neovascular growths in a model of @entity989 . These results lend themselves to further investigation of the roles of VEGFRs in preretinal neovascularization in @entity989 and other @entity989 and suggest avenues of research toward therapies using VEGFR antagonists.

title: Evidence for upregulation and redistribution of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) receptors @entity25603 and @entity12186 in the @entity26 -injured XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascular diseases', 'retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP', 'retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The benefits and risks of both oral contraceptives and @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) are evaluated by summarizing briefly the results of the most evidential studies on @entity5344 , @entity1211 . The methods used to estimate risk ratios, prospective random-allocation, double-blind trials, and retrospective case- controlled studies, are explained briefly. The ERT used today resemble sequential oral contraceptives, except that only 10-20 mcg @entity2082 is taken for 25 days, and @entity7828 are used on the last 10 days. @entity0 risk is not different in pill users from nonusers, based on the U.K. General PRactitioner, Oxford Family Planning, Harvard nurses or U.S. SEER National @entity5 Institute studies. Studies on ERT and @entity0 are mixed, but only injected @entity172 raised the risks. @entity43 is prevented by pill use in proportion to length of use. No studies were reported for ERT. The risk of @entity96 is 3.8 to 7.8 higher in pill users, but the number of cases is so rare that this should not affect prescriptions. Neither pill nor ERT raise the risk of @entity583 , and after premature surgical menopause, ERT lowers the risk. Based on studies done in the 1970s, oral contraceptives raise the risk of @entity64 while @entity1 are taking them, from 10-13/100,000 to 41/100,000. ERT has no clear association with @entity64 . Similarly, orals increase the risk of @entity1211 , 8-fold in the Oxford Family Planning study published in 1986, although the absolute numbers are very small. ERT had no effects no risk of @entity1031 according to the lipid Research, Framingham and Nachtigall studies.

title: The risks of oral contraceptives and XXXX replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'thrombotic stroke']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, ovarian, endometrial, and hepatobiliary cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack, stroke and venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular (CV) safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective @entity3840 inhibitors has been the subject of considerable debate. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the risk of CV events with @entity24846 by meta-analysis of all completed, @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of > or =1 week and up to 1 year in duration of @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 . METHODS: The Novartis @entity24846 Clinical Trial Database, which includes all clinical studies conducted to date with @entity24846 , was reviewed. Data were extracted from @entity23 of > or =1 week and up to 1 year in duration, the maximum study duration; 34,668 @entity1 were included in standard and cumulative meta-analyses. Twenty-two @entity23 of @entity24846 100 to 1200 mg daily were identified; 22,781 @entity1 were included in 1-year trials. Mean age of the @entity1 was 61.5 years and 74% were female. More than 50% of the @entity1 in these studies had @entity101 at baseline and 6% had @entity6 . Parameters analyzed were the Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration (APTC) composite CV end point of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 ( @entity63 and hemorrhagic), and @entity65 ; @entity583 alone; and @entity64 alone. Twenty-one of the 22 @entity23 have been published. RESULTS: For all 3 parameters, relative risk (RR) was calculated versus non- @entity1623 NSAIDs, @entity1623 , and placebo. The results were as follows: for the APTC end point versus non- @entity1623 NSAIDs: RR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.46-1.51; versus @entity1623 : @entity4736 .49, 95% CI, 0.94-2.36; versus placebo: @entity4736 .08, 95% CI, 0.41-2.86; for @entity583 alone versus non- @entity1623 NSAIDs: RR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.28-2.25; versus @entity1623 : @entity4736 .69, 95% CI, 0.82-3.48; versus placebo: @entity4736 .27, 95% CI, 0.25-6.56; and for @entity64 alone versus non- @entity1623 NSAIDs: RR 0.91, 95% CI, 0.35-2.35; versus @entity1623 : @entity4736 .42, 95% CI, 0.70-2.91; versus placebo: RR 0.59, 95% CI, 0.13-2.74. Cumulative meta-analyses of @entity24846 versus all comparators (placebo, @entity3522 , @entity5018 , @entity12698 , @entity13586 , and @entity1623 ) did not find any significant differences in APTC, @entity583 alone, or @entity64 alone. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of 34,668 @entity1 receiving > or =1 week and up to 1 year of treatment found no evidence that @entity24846 was associated with a significant increase in CV risk compared with @entity1623 , placebo, or all comparators (placebo, @entity3522 , @entity5018 , @entity12698 , @entity13586 , and @entity1623 ).

title: Cardiovascular safety of @entity24846 : a meta-analysis of all @entity23 > or =1 week and up to 1 year in duration of @entity1 with @entity571 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity24846 :: ('MESH:C473384', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiracoxib', 'Lumiracoxib']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest a regulatory role for the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nervous system in the airways of the @entity840 and @entity1 . We examined NANC frequency-response characteristics (0.2-90 Hz) with respect to segmental differences and effects of cyclooxygenase-inhibition ( @entity3352 10 microM). Furthermore, the neurogenic contribution to the contractile and the relaxatory NANC response was quantified with @entity1022 (1-10 microM). Frontally opened @entity840 airway rings (n = 3-7) were used. NANC responses were obtained by electrical field stimulation (0.5 ms; 1200 mA; 240 s). A relaxatory NANC response was demonstrated in the proximal and the distal @entity825 . A contractile NANC response was demonstrated in the distal @entity825 and the main bronchus. @entity3352 lowered the baseline @entity2701 , decreased the relaxatory and increased the contractile NANC response (p less than 0.05; at 0.8 Hz; n = 4). A relationship between the baseline @entity2701 and the NANC response is suggested. The relaxatory NANC response was @entity1022 -sensitive at 3 Hz stimulation frequency (p less than 0.05; n = 3). At this frequency, the contractile NANC response was also mainly @entity1022 -sensitive (p less than 0.05; n = 6) whereas at 60 Hz a dominant, @entity1022 -resistant contraction was demonstrated. The pronounced frequency-response relationship as well as the @entity1022 sensitivity at very low frequencies (0.2-1.6 Hz) indicates that @entity1022 -sensitive NANC nerves are stimulated optimally at low impulse frequencies.

title: Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic regulation of XXXX airway smooth muscle- @entity3352 -induced changes and segmental differences.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: @entity14309 is a rare, inherited, @entity74 , characterised by @entity4241 and progressive physical and @entity1032 . A case is described of a 6-year-old @entity1 (height 75 cm, weight 5.0 kg) with @entity14309 who was scheduled for liver biopsy under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced using 5% @entity2614 combined with 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 . After the end-tidal @entity2614 concentration of 3.5% had been maintained for 10 minutes, laryngoscopy was attempted. The vocal cord was visualised and the @entity825 was intubated easily without muscle relaxant. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 and @entity3810 in @entity26 . The procedure lasted for 13 minutes. The tracheal tube was removed uneventfully following the return of adequate spontaneous respiration and airway reflexes. There were no postoperative problems. Concerning @entity14309 , there have been some reports of difficult airway, @entity8822 , aspirations of gastric contents and others. It is important to prevent @entity8822 by keeping the adequate depth of anesthesia for endotracheal intubation.

title: [Anesthesia for a @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14309 :: ('MESH:D003057', 'Disease') :: ["Cockayne's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

answer: @entity14309 :: (MESH:D003057,Disease) :: ['Cockayne's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliative chemotherapy is currently the primary therapeutic approach in the treatment of advanced @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ). Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity416 plus @entity900 as first-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1125 and to analyze the relationship between the level of CA19-9 and clinical outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity1 who had unresectable, metastatic or recurrent @entity1125 who were treated with @entity416 plus @entity900 . @entity416 was administered orally at a dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) twice a day for 14 days, followed by a 1-week rest period. @entity900 was administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 at a dose of 30 mg/m(2) for 60 min every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 176 @entity1 were enrolled. Among the 143 assessable @entity1 , 24 (17%) had a partial response. A complete response was radiologically confirmed in 1 @entity1 who had @entity1086 . Sixty-two @entity1 (43%) had stable disease and 56 @entity1 (39%) had progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 5.7 months, the median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 3.7 months (95% CI 3.1-4.3) and the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.4 months (95% CI 6.1-8.7). There was a significant positive correlation between CA19-9 response and @entity1054 (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). CA19-9 response was also significantly correlated with @entity1349 (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). The most common grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity390 /vomiting [12 @entity1 (6.8%)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the @entity416 / @entity900 regimen is well tolerated and has moderate activity against advanced @entity1125 . The CA19-9 response may be a suitable surrogate marker for @entity1 with @entity1125 who are treated with @entity416 / @entity900 .

title: @entity416 plus @entity900 as first-line chemotherapy for advanced XXXX : a retrospective single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'BTC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: The morphological features of @entity1030 in @entity1 include @entity2415 and chronic @entity3617 associated with mucus hypersecretion. These alterations can be induced in @entity19 by a single intratracheal instillation of @entity14915 ( @entity14915 ), a chemoattractant and degranulating agent for neutrophils. The mechanisms underlying excessive mucus production and, in particular, goblet cell @entity1373 / @entity4648 in @entity1030 remain poorly understood. The proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are widely recognized for their modulatory properties during @entity32 . In this study, we examined whether @entity14604 contributes to @entity32 and lung damage induced by fMLP by comparing the response of @entity14604 -deficient ( @entity14604 (-/-)) @entity19 with that of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . @entity19 were killed at various time points after fMLP instillation (200 microg/50 microl). @entity164 @entity19 developed @entity2415 and goblet cell @entity4648 . The onset of @entity358 was preceded by an increase in @entity10993 immunoreactivity in bronchial airways and alveolar tissue. This was followed by a decrease in @entity14604 immunoreactivity, and by an increase in @entity1312 immunostaining on the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells. In @entity14604 (-/-) @entity19 , fMLP administration induced similar responses in terms of @entity32 and @entity2415 , but these @entity19 were protected from the development of goblet cell @entity4648 . The involvement of @entity14604 in airway epithelial cell transdifferentiation was confirmed by demonstrating that intratracheal instillation of the selective @entity14604 agonist (TFLLR) induced goblet cell @entity4648 in the airways of @entity164 @entity19 only. These data suggest that @entity2415 and goblet cell @entity4648 occur independently, and that @entity14604 signaling through @entity1312 stimulation may play an important role in inducing goblet cell @entity4648 .

title: Absence of proteinase-activated receptor-1 signaling in @entity19 confers protection from fMLP-induced goblet cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity14915 :: ('CHEBI:53490', 'Chemical') :: ['fMLP', 'N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity4648 :: (MESH:D008679,Disease) :: ['metaplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2100 , the most common form of @entity1032 , is caused by mutations that increase the size of a specific DNA fragment of the X chromosome (in Xq27.3). Affected @entity1 have both a full mutation and abnormal DNA methylation. @entity1 with a smaller increase in the size of this DNA fragment (a premutation) have little or no risk of retardation but are at high risk of having affected @entity1 or grandchildren. The passage from premutation to full-mutation status occurs only with transmission from the mother. We have devised a method of identifying carriers of these mutations by direct DNA analysis. METHOD: We studied 511 @entity1 from 63 families with the @entity2100 . Mutations and abnormal methylation were detected by Southern blotting with a probe adjacent to the mutation target. Analysis of EcoRI and EagI digests of DNA distinguished clearly in a single test between the normal genotype, the premutation, and the full mutation. RESULTS: DNA analysis unambiguously established the genetic status at the @entity2100 locus for all samples tested. This method was much more powerful and reliable than cytogenetic testing or segregation studies with closely linked polymorphic markers. The frequency of @entity1032 in @entity1 with premutations was similar to that in the general population, whereas all 103 males and 31 of 59 females with full mutations had @entity1032 . About 15 percent of those with full mutations had some cells carrying only the premutation. All the mothers of affected @entity1 were carriers of either a premutation or a full mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Direct diagnosis by DNA analysis is now an efficient and reliable primary test for the diagnosis of the @entity2100 after birth, as well as for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

title: Direct diagnosis by DNA analysis of the @entity2100 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'inherited mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome', 'fragile X']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify predisposing conditions for vascular events. SETTING: Vascular events, immunologic processes, and @entity1800 have to be considered as pathomechanisms for most cases of @entity2459 . STUDY DESIGN: Hemorrheologic parameters were studied in 53 @entity1 with @entity2459 within 5 days of the onset. @entity1 : A control group of 53 normal-hearing @entity1 was matched pairwise according to age and gender. RESULTS: @entity2002 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2459 (343 +/- 98 mg/dl) than in control subjects (303 +/- 69 mg/dl). Erythrocyte aggregation (27.3 +/- 5.6 a.u. versus 20.9 +/- 8.5 a.u.) and plasma viscosity (1.31 +/- 0.13 mPa/s versus 1.26 +/- 0.08 mPa/s) in @entity1 with SHL were also significantly higher than in control subjects. No significant difference could be found in the parameters of clinical chemistry, hematology, and hemostasias investigated. CONCLUSION: Because elevated plasma @entity2002 plays a major role in @entity65 such as @entity583 and @entity64 , it is possible that this plasma protein is also involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2459 of vascular origin. More research is still required to determine the value of measuring plasma @entity2002 levels in clinical practice and identifying hyperfibrinogenemia in @entity2459 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia as a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden hearing loss']


abstract: The age-related changes of @entity141 channel currents were investigated in freshly isolated single smooth muscle cells from the circular layer of the distal colon from the @entity35 using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. Under physiological conditions ( @entity141 concentration of 2.0 mM), the averaged total @entity141 current density increased markedly from 1.25 pA/pF in the newborn @entity35 to 6.46 pA/pF in the 60-day-old @entity35 ; it then gradually declined with aging. Two types of @entity141 channel currents seemed to be present; one type possessed more negative threshold potentials (-70 to -60 mV) when the cells were held at -80 or -100 mV and inactivated quickly. The voltage for peak current was -20 to -10 mV, and the reversal potential was +60 to +70 mV. This current was highly sensitive to low concentrations of @entity3411 (30 microM) but was resistant to @entity594 , @entity3988 , @entity3409 , and @entity1022 . In contrast, the other type of @entity141 channel current possessed more positive threshold potential (-40 mV) and inactivated more slowly. The voltage for peak current was 0 mV, and the reversal potential was +60 to +70 mV. This current was insensitive to low concentrations of @entity3411 but highly sensitive to @entity594 , @entity3988 , and @entity3409 . These results suggest that the fast inactivating (transient) current might be T-type @entity141 current [ICa(T)], and such cells were ICa(T) positive cells; whereas the sustained @entity141 current was L-type @entity141 current [ICa(L)], and such cells were ICa(L) positive cells. Our results showed that the fraction of ICa(T) positive cells increased with development; the current densities of both ICa(L) and ICa(T) also increased with development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Changes in calcium channel current densities in XXXX colonic smooth muscle cells during development and aging.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ion flux through native @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors is inhibited by behaviorally relevant concentrations of @entity1068 (10-100 mM) in a variety of neuronal preparations. However, in animal tissues, it is often difficult to determine accurately which @entity143 receptor subunits are responsible for the observed effect. In this study, @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells normally devoid of @entity143 receptors were transiently transfected with cDNA expression plasmids coding for specific @entity35 @entity143 receptor subunits. Brief application of an @entity143 / @entity2228 solution to cells markedly increased intracellular @entity460 in cells transfected with @entity6806 / @entity11588 , @entity6806 / @entity13069 , or @entity6806 / @entity11588 / @entity13069 as measured by @entity593 @entity460 imaging. This increase was both @entity143 - and @entity2228 -dependent and was inhibited by competitive and noncompetitive @entity143 antagonists, including @entity12780 and @entity3390 . The @entity13069 -selective antagonist @entity4320 inhibited responses in cells transfected with @entity6806 / @entity13069 or @entity6806 / @entity11588 / @entity13069 , but not @entity6806 / @entity11588 subunits. Increasing the transfection ratio of @entity13069 versus @entity11588 subunit in @entity6806 / @entity11588 / @entity13069 -transfected cells greatly increased their @entity4320 sensitivity. Acute exposure to @entity1068 (25-100 mM) inhibited the @entity143 -mediated increase in intracellular @entity460 in a dose-dependent manner without affecting basal @entity460 concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences in @entity1068 's potency or maximal inhibition between any of the subunit combinations tested. HEK 293 cells transfected with @entity6806 / @entity11588 / @entity13069 subunits showed an enhanced sensitivity to @entity4320 following a 24-h exposure to concentrations of @entity1068 of 50 mM and greater. The enhanced @entity4320 sensitivity following @entity1068 exposure was not associated with changes in @entity6806 , @entity11588 , or @entity13069 immunoreactivity. In contrast to results obtained in transfected HEK 293 cells, no effect of chronic @entity1068 was observed in oocytes expressing @entity6806 / @entity11588 / @entity13069 subunits. These results demonstrate that recombinant @entity143 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells form functional receptors that, like native receptors, are sensitive to modulation by both acute and chronic @entity1068 treatment.

title: Effects of acute and chronic XXXX exposure on heteromeric @entity1024 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity12780 :: ('CHEBI:138644', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4320 :: ('MESH:C010739', 'Chemical') :: ['ifenprodil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the independent association between @entity1569 and risk of @entity6 and @entity101 . DESIGN: A prospective study of female nurses who were followed up from 1991 to 2005. SETTING: Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116 671 US @entity1 aged 27 to 44 years in 1991. @entity1 : The study included 78 061 @entity1 who responded to a question about a lifetime history of physician-diagnosed @entity1569 in 2005. @entity1 who reported a diagnosis of @entity6 or @entity101 at baseline were excluded. Main Outcome Measure New diagnosis of @entity6 or @entity101 , obtained from biennial questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the 78 061 @entity1 , 1813 (2.3%) reported a diagnosis of @entity1569 . During the 14 years of follow-up, a total of 1560 incident cases (2%) of @entity6 and 15 724 incident cases (20%) of @entity101 were documented. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity1569 compared with @entity1 without @entity1569 was 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.12). @entity1 with @entity1569 were also at an increased risk for the development of @entity101 (multivariate relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.30). Age, body mass index, and smoking status did not significantly modify the association between @entity1569 and risk of @entity6 or @entity101 (P values for interaction, > or =.07). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective analysis, @entity1569 was independently associated with an increased risk of @entity6 and @entity101 . Future studies are needed to find out whether @entity1569 treatment will reduce the risk of @entity6 and @entity101 .

title: Psoriasis and the risk of @entity6 and XXXX : a prospective study of US female nurses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity453 is a difficult clinical entity to manage, and all forms of current therapy are palliative in nature. Results from the large randomized studies have clearly demonstrated the superiority of surgical versus medical therapy in subsets of @entity1 previously described herein. As @entity1 with severely compromised ventricles are demonstrated to fare better with bypass procedures, the number of @entity1 that should be operated upon continues to grow. With refinements in operative and perioperative care and increased use of the internal mammary artery as the bypass conduit, it is inevitable that more subgroups will be determined to be best managed by surgical revascularization. For the present time, medical treatment is preferred for the vast majority of @entity1 who were shown by randomized trials not to benefit significantly from surgical intervention. However, caution must be used in excluding @entity1 based on trial results that used surgical techniques and conduits that are ten years old. The role of angioplasty in the invasive treatment of @entity299 is still in evolution. Although not yet proved by vigorous trials, it is a procedure that most likely will continue to be used in many clinical applications. The high rate of @entity256 after angioplasty, which is a formidable problem, may be a factor that will limit the application of angioplasty to @entity1 with @entity583 or to those who do not desire surgical intervention. The answers to these and other complex problems of @entity1 management must await well-designed prospective trials comparing angioplastic with surgical revascularization. Clinical use of some of the experimental procedures mentioned is certain; the efficacy and role of these procedures in the treatment of @entity299 must also be defined with future studies.

title: Review of invasive treatments of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Hepatic resection has been increasing in frequency in the management of metastatic or primary @entity96 . Although mortality for this procedure has steadily decreased, the associated morbidity remains high. Morbidity is mainly associated with operative time and @entity190 , especially in @entity1087 and cirrhotic @entity1 . During hepatic resection, control of @entity548 from various sources is the most important problem faced by surgeons. During conventional lobectomy, despite prior control of hepatic artery and portal vein to that lobe, @entity548 still occurs from the opposite lobe or back flow from hepatic veins. We usually apply Pringle's maneuver for hemostasis, but consequently there is postoperative @entity409 . We have previously investigated methods for vascular occlusion at the site of liver resection. We developed a new absorbable @entity6886 -based tape (breadth, 3 mm; length, 70 cm) for use in hepatic mass ligation, as well as two types of ligature apparatus. Hemostasis was achieved with these devices, and all lobar, segmental, and non-anatomic resections were performed without prior control of the portal venous system, hepatic arterial inflow, and hepatic venous outflow before parenchymal resection. This significantly shortened the operative time, as well as decreasing the @entity190 during hepatic resection, with consequent reduction of postoperative morbidity. The use of this absorbable tape may reduce the incidence of @entity281 , @entity733 formation, and @entity295 .

title: Simplified hepatic resection utilizing absorbable XXXX -based tape and other ligature apparatus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms of the liver']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['polyglycolic acid']


abstract: The objective of the work was to describe in subjects with spontaneous @entity2224 , after elimination of acute @entity299 , the strategy of antiarrhythmic treatment and to evaluate, based on prospective follow-up, the effectiveness of this treatment. The authors included in the group 36 @entity1 (30 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) within the range from 34 to 78 years (mean age 58 +/- 11 years) with spontaneous @entity2224 . They divided the group into a subgroup (15 subjects) without revascularization of the heart muscle, into a subgroup (17 subjects) with revascularization of the myocardium (coronary angioplasty and bypasses) and a subgroup (4 subjects) where @entity299 was ruled out (mostly @entity296 ). In all subgroups they used programmed ventricular stimulation (apparatuses of Quinton Co. USA, Biotronik Co. GFR), in the subgroup with revascularization within 3 months. During the diagnostic procedure of ventricular stimulation they tested antiarrhythmic drugs most frequently @entity2643 per os (for 4 weeks). An implantable cardioverter--defibrillator was implanted in 17 @entity1 (8 subjects without revascularization, 6 subjects with revascularization, 3 subjects without @entity299 ). All @entity1 were followed up till @entity204 , maximum 24 months. The authors evaluated the rate of @entity204 ( @entity204 on cardiac grounds, incl. @entity944 ) and @entity944 (within one hour after the onset of symptoms or the first malignant @entity1165 recorded after implantation of the defibrillator). In the subgroup without revascularization with electric instability of the ventricles according to programmed stimulation 66.7% they described seven @entity204 (46.7%) and 6 sudden "arrhythmic" @entity204 (40%) incl. 5 subjects with ineffective testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. Conversely in the subgroup with revascularization and with diagnostic programmed stimulation in 47.1% they found 3 @entity204 (17.7%), one @entity944 (5.9%)--a subject with ineffective testing. In the subgroup without @entity299 they recorded cardiac and sudden "arrhythmic" @entity204 in half the subjects, in all instances in subjects without inducible @entity1165 . The authors found in the course of a two-year investigation a relapse of @entity1167 in 25% of subjects after spontaneous @entity2224 . A third of these subjects (all without a cardioverter-defibrillator) died. They confirm the benefit of implantation of a defibrillator for all subjects regardless of the basic diagnosis and revascularization of the heart muscle.

title: [ @entity2224 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden arrhythmic deaths', 'sudden "arrhythmic" death', 'sudden arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['chronic heart disease']


abstract: AIMS: We compared flow and @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) patterns in the ascending aorta of individuals with either @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) or tricuspid aortic valve ( @entity16491 ) using four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D-CMR). @entity4503 are known to be associated with dilation and dissection of the ascending aorta. However, the cause of @entity66 in @entity1 with BAVs is unknown. @entity2597 and also dilation secondary to increased @entity1642 because of altered blood flow patterns in the ascending aorta are discussed as causes for dilation of the aorta. @entity1642 can be estimated non-invasively by 4D-CMR. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen, otherwise, healthy individuals with functionally normal BAVs were compared prospectively with an age- and sex-matched control group of healthy individuals with @entity16491 . Blood flow data were obtained by 4D-CMR visualization and @entity1642 was calculated with specific software tools. Eighty-five per cent of the individuals with BAVs showed a high-grade helical flow pattern in the ascending aorta compared with 6% of the individuals with @entity16491 . @entity1642 in the ascending aorta was significantly altered in individuals with BAVs compared with @entity16491 . CONCLUSION: @entity1642 and flow patterns in the ascending aorta in @entity1 with @entity340 are significantly different compared with @entity16491 . The significantly higher shear forces may have an impact on the development of @entity384 in @entity1 with BAVs.

title: Wall shear stress and flow patterns in the ascending aorta in XXXX with bicuspid aortic valves differ significantly from tricuspid aortic valves: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['Inborn connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['BAVs without concomitant valve or vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) who have @entity146 and @entity191 symptoms experience faster @entity73 and shorter survival vs those without such disease features. @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in particular have been associated with the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) on autopsy and with poorer survival in @entity1 with @entity195 . Lewy bodies found at autopsy are not always correlated with @entity21 during late life. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the association between LBs and age at death is modified by the presence of @entity21 , @entity1833 , or delusions. DESIGN: An autopsy series of @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity195 . SETTINGS: Three @entity195 clinics (San Diego and Sacramento, @entity2948 , and Portland, Ore). @entity1 : Data on 379 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity195 who were initially assessed between May 1, 1984, and August 1, 1996, and who were autopsied between January 1, 1990, and April 1, 1998, were pooled from 3 @entity195 centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of LBs on autopsy and differences in age at death in those with @entity21 , LBs, or both. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity21 at initial assessment were more than 3 times as likely to have LBs at autopsy than were those without @entity21 . Age at death was younger in those with LBs and @entity21 than in those with LBs only and those without @entity21 or LBs. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity21 in @entity1 with @entity195 indicates worse prognosis and may be related to underlying LBs. The presence of @entity21 is a strong predictor of LBs.

title: Effect of extrapyramidal signs and Lewy bodies on survival in XXXX with @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal signs', 'EPSs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The incidence of @entity303 and risk factors has not been fully investigated in Japan. Following a prevalence study in 1998, we investigated the incidence and associated factors in the same population in 2003 and 2005. Randomly selected 771 residents in Tajiri were targeted. The final @entity1 included 204 (65.2%) healthy older adults (Clinical @entity303 Rating, @entity7958 0) and 335 (73.1%) @entity1 with questionable @entity303 ( @entity7958 0.5). We analyzed the incidence of @entity303 and @entity66 , and possible risk factors. The risk factors included demographics, lifestyle-related factors, vascular risk factors, cognitive functions, and MRI findings. Overall, 3.9% of the @entity7958 0 and 37.0% of the @entity7958 0.5 @entity1 developed @entity303 during the 5-year period, whereas 40.2% of the @entity7958 0.5 @entity1 developed @entity303 during the 7-year period. Older adults had a higher incidence. Higher @entity7958 Box scores had a higher incidence. Of the @entity66 , 60.8% of @entity1 developed @entity195 ( @entity195 ), followed by @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), 17.9%. Logistic regression analyses showed that age, MMSE, cognitive functions such as recent memory, and generalized @entity194 were significant predictors of progression to @entity195 . Similarly, predictive factors for progression to @entity1294 were age, MMSE, cognitive functions such as frontal function, and @entity62 and @entity66 . A comprehensive system including @entity7958 , cognitive tests, and MRI, is recommended in community-based health policy planning.

title: Incidence of XXXX and associated risk factors in Japan: The Osaki-Tajiri Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'dementing diseases']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer' disease", 'AD']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine mural perfusion dynamics in @entity30 by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to correlate these with histopathologic markers of @entity32 and @entity7499 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethical permission was given by the University College London Hospital ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Eleven consecutive @entity1 with @entity30 (eight female @entity1 , three @entity1 ; mean age, 39.5 years; range, 16.4-66.6 years) undergoing elective small-bowel resection were recruited between July 2006 and December 2007. Harvey-Bradshaw index, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level, and disease chronicity were recorded. Preoperatively, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed through the section of bowel destined for resection, and slope of enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, enhancement ratio, the volume transfer coefficient K(trans), and the extracellular volume fraction v(e) were calculated for the affected segment. Ex vivo surgical specimens were imaged to facilitate imaging-pathologic correlation. Histopathologic sampling of the specimen was performed through the imaged tissue, and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) was determined, together with @entity32 scores. Correlations between clinical, MR imaging, and histopathologic data were made by using the Kendall rank correlation and linear regression. RESULTS: Disease chronicity was positively correlated with enhancement ratio (correlation coefficient, 0.82; P = .002). Slope of enhancement demonstrated a significant negative correlation with @entity2101 (correlation coefficient, -0.86; P < .001). There was a negative correlation between @entity1851 level and slope of enhancement (correlation coefficient, -0.77; P = .006). Neither acute nor chronic @entity32 score correlated with any other parameter. CONCLUSION: Certain MR imaging-derived mural hemodynamic parameters correlate with disease chronicity and @entity7499 in @entity30 , but not with histologic and clinical markers of @entity32 . Data support the working hypothesis that microvessel permeability increases with disease chronicity and that tissue @entity2101 is actually inversely related to mural blood flow.

title: Mural XXXX : correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging findings with @entity7499 and @entity32 at histologic examination--pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular density', 'MVD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: To our knowledge, there is currently no published data on the prevalence of risky sex over time as displaced populations settle into long-term post-emergency refugee camps. To measure trends in @entity645 -related behaviours, we conducted a series of cross-sectional @entity645 behavioural surveillance surveys among refugees and surrounding community residents living in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, at baseline in 2004/2005 and at follow-up in 2010/2011. We selected @entity1 using two-stage cluster sampling, except in the Tanzanian refugee camp where systematic random sampling was employed. @entity1 had to reside in a selected household for more than weeks and aged between 15 and 49 years. We interviewed 11,582 @entity1 (6448 at baseline and 5134 at follow-up) in three camps and their surrounding communities. The prevalence of multiple sexual partnerships ranged between 10.1 and 32.6% at baseline and 4.2 and 20.1% at follow-up, casual partnerships ranged between 8.0 and 33.2% at baseline and 3.5 and 17.4% at follow-up, and transactional partnerships between 1.1 and 14.0% at baseline and 0.8 and 12.0% at follow-up. The prevalence of multiple partnerships and casual sex in the Kenyan and Ugandan camps was not higher than among nationals. To our knowledge these data are the first to describe and compare trends in the prevalence of risky sex among conflict-affected populations and nationals living nearby. The large reductions in risky sexual partnerships are promising and possibly indicative of the success of @entity645 prevention programs. However, evaluation of specific prevention programmes remains necessary to assess which, and to what extent, specific activities contributed to behavioural change. Notably, refugees had lower levels of multiple and casual sexual partnerships than nationals in Kenya and Uganda and thus should not automatically be assumed to have higher levels of risky sexual behaviours than neighbouring nationals elsewhere.

title: Changes in XXXX -related behaviours, knowledge and testing among refugees and surrounding national populations: a multicountry study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether changes in BOLD signal intensities following hyperoxygenation are related to @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) in a @entity35 model. METHODS: @entity1592 was induced in pregnant @entity35 by ligating the left vascular uterine pedicle at day 16 of gestation. BOLD MR imaging using a balanced steady-state free-precession (balanced-SSFP) sequence on a 1.5-T system was performed on day 19. Signal intensities (SI) before and after maternal hyperoxygenation were compared in the maternal liver and in control and growth-restricted foetoplacental units (FPUs). RESULTS: Maternal hyperoxygenation resulted in a significant increase in SI in all regions of interest (P < 0.05) in the 18 @entity35 . In the control group, the SI (mean    SD) increased by 21 %    15 in placentas (n = 74) and 13 %    8.5 in foetuses (n = 53). In the @entity1592 group, the increase was significantly lower: 6.5 %    4 in placentas (n = 36) and 7 %   5.5 in foetuses (n = 34) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: BOLD MRI allows non-invasive assessment of the foetoplacental response to maternal hyperoxygenation in the @entity35 and demonstrates its alteration in an @entity1592 model. This imaging method may provide a useful adjunct for the early diagnosis, evaluation, and management of @entity1 @entity1592 . KEY POINTS:     Intra-uterine growth restriction is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.     Blood @entity26 level-dependent MRI non-invasively assesses foetoplacental response to maternal hyperoxygenation.     In the @entity35 , foetoplacental response to maternal hyperoxygenation is altered in @entity1592 .     Functional MRI may help to assess @entity1 @entity1592 .

title: In vivo MRI assessment of placental and foetal oxygenation changes in a XXXX model of growth restriction using blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postpartum rectus @entity6877 eventually combined with @entity14147 is a condition that is frequently treated by plastic surgeons and general surgeons. Standard treatment of this condition is abdominoplasty with a periumbilical incision, which often results in an umbilical incision or an inverted-T scar. Limited incision abdominoplasty differs from traditional abdominoplasty by disconnecting the umbilical stalk from the abdominal wall during flap dissection, thus allowing the resection of excess skin above and under the umbilicus without causing periumbilical scarring. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing a limited scar abdominoplasty without a periumbilical incision for the treatment of a separation of the recti muscles and/or an @entity14147 . We recorded the @entity260 and @entity1 satisfaction with the results of the treatment. RESULTS: We operated on 50 @entity1 from 2002 to 2010. We followed the @entity1 for 2-8 years. The most common complication, as with other abdominoplasty procedures, was minor dehiscention in the middle part of the wound, which occurred in 16 % (n = 8) of the @entity1 . All of these complications were treated conservatively. No recurrence of @entity6877 or @entity14147 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Extended miniabdominoplasty with a low suprapubic incision and umbilical caudalization for treating the @entity6877 of the abdominal rectus muscles and/or an @entity14147 is an excellent method that results in a small, hidden scar. This method is especially beneficial for young, slim @entity1 with an @entity85 after pregnancy.

title: Treatment of XXXX and recti muscles @entity6877 without a periumbilical incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall deformity']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['umbilical hernia']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the immuno-active LH (i-LH) and bioactive LH (b-LH) responses and qualitative changes in the circulating LH to @entity10551 (TU) injection. METHODS: Eight @entity1 with @entity252 were recruited for the study. They received crossover injections of TU at doses of 500 and 1000 mg. Serum i-LH and b-LH levels before and at various time intervals after TU injection were measured and the serum i-LH, b-LH, b-LH/i-LH (B/I) and @entity251 /sex hormone-binding globulin (T/ @entity443 ) ratio in LH-responders and LH non-responders were compared. RESULTS: A parallel suppression of serum i-LH and b-LH was consistent with their overall high correlation between each other (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Mean serum i-FSH levels were decreased by TU injection at both doses without dose-response effects. LH-responders had lower baseline serum i-LH and b-LH, and higher E2 levels and T/ @entity443 ratio. There was a quantitative change in serum LH as induced by TU without qualitative change within LH-responders os LH-non-responders. CONCLUSION: A high loading dose (1000 mg) of TU is important for the initial suppression of LH. With the lower dose (500 mg), repeated injections will be required to attain such LH suppression for the purpose of fertility regulation. The lower baseline serum i-LH level may be an intrinsic characteristic of LH-responders.

title: Quantitative and qualitative changes in serum luteinizing hormone after injectable XXXX treatment in hypogonadal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity10551 :: ('MESH:C010792', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone undecanoate']

answer: @entity10551 :: (MESH:C010792,Chemical) :: ['testosterone undecanoate']


abstract: Several antitumor agents known to bind DNA were complexed with this macromolecule and tested for activity against experimental animal @entity5 systems. Combination studies with these agents and DNA were carried out at the same time. @entity4316 activity against the P388 @entity2214 in BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 @entity19 was significantly potentiated by @entity291 thymus DNA, both when complexed and when injected in combination. The DNA could be given as much as 4 hr before or after the antibiotic and still give potentiation. Synergism was also obtained when the DNA was autoclaved prior to complexing and/or injecting. Similarly, @entity632 activity against the @entity11748 in DBA/2 @entity19 was significantly potentiated by autoclaved herring sperm DNA, both as a complex and when injected in combination. When above-optimal levels of @entity632 were complexed with autoclaved herring sperm DNA and injected into BALB/c @entity19 inoculated with the @entity189 , the early lethality was delayed and antitumor activity was sometimes observed. Herring sperm DNA injected alone also had antitumor activity against the Madison 109 @entity5 . Similarly, activity was obtained against this @entity5 system with @entity291 thymus DNA and @entity4316 when injected alone. In addition, DNA, in combination and when complexed with @entity4316 , prevented the @entity137 observed with BALB/c @entity19 , inoculated with the Madison 109 @entity5 , were given injections of an above-optimal dose of this antibiotic.

title: Potentiation of @entity4316 or XXXX antitumor activity with DNA.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Madison 109 alveogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin', 'Actinomycin D', 'actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity11748 :: ('MESH:D007939', 'Disease') :: ['L1210 lymphoid leukemia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: Endometriosis affects 10-15% of @entity1 and is associated with pelvic @entity158 and @entity249 . Angiogenesis plays an essential role in its pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) were recently implicated in supporting @entity5 angiogenesis. As both @entity5 and @entity75 depend on angiogenesis, we investigated the possibility that DCs may also play a role in @entity46 . We induced @entity46 in 8-wk-old female C57BL/6 @entity19 by implantation of autologous endometrium into the peritoneal cavity. We observed an abundance of @entity11805 (+) DCs infiltrating sites of angiogenesis in @entity75 . We noticed a similar pattern of infiltrating DCs at sites of angiogenesis in the peritoneal Lewis lung @entity5 model. These DCs were immature (major histocompatability complex class II(low)) and expressed @entity11132 . Peritoneal implanted bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) incorporated into both @entity75 and into @entity6844 and enhanced their growth at 8 days compared with controls (5.1+/-2.5 vs. 1.5+/-0.5 mm(2), n=4 and 4, P<0.0001 for @entity46 ; 67.6+/-15.1 vs. 22.7+/-14.6 mm(2), n=5 and 7, P=0.0004 for @entity19 @entity320 ). Finally, immature BMDCs but not mature BMDCs enhanced microvascular endothelial cell migration in vitro (219+/-51 vs. 93+/-32 cells, P=0.02). Based on these findings, we suggest a novel role for DCs in supporting angiogenesis and promoting lesion growth both in @entity5 .

title: Dendritic cells support angiogenesis and promote lesion growth in a XXXX model of @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11132 :: ('16542(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoma tumor', 'endometriosis and in tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6844 :: ('MESH:D008546', 'Disease') :: ['B16 melanoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristics of foot pressure distribution in different @entity5109 using a computerized insole sensor system, and to identify changes in these parameters after corrective surgery in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-seven limbs of 44 @entity1 with spastic @entity306 were assessed (35 equinus, 17 equinovarus, 15 equinovalgus). INTERVENTION: Orthopedic surgery for @entity5109 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parameters of foot contact pattern, pressure-time integral (PTI), and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) trajectories were assessed before and at a minimum of 6 months postsurgery, using the F-scan system. RESULTS: Prior to surgery, the medial midfoot relative impulse, which is PTI normalized by a percentage of the entire foot, differed significantly between @entity5109 groups. Relative impulse was high on the lateral column of the foot in the equinovarus group and on the medial column of the foot in the equinovalgus group. Center of pressure index (COPI) and coronal index reflecting the asymmetry of the medial and lateral columns of the foot differed significantly between the equinovalgus and equinovarus groups. After surgery, significant changes occurred in foot contact patterns, including total contact area, contact length, contact width of hindfoot, and the relative impulse of specific areas of the foot. In addition, there were significant changes in the parameters of @entity551 , such as anteroposterior displacement, slope, and velocity. CONCLUSIONS: In dynamic foot pressure measurements using a computerized insole sensor system, the parameters reflecting medial or lateral changes in weight bearing, such as COPI and coronal index, appear to be useful for evaluating abnormalities and improvements after intervention in the frontal plane, such as varus and valgus. Additionally, assessment of parameters in foot contact patterns, PTIs, and @entity551 path trajectories appears to be helpful in evaluating outcomes after corrective surgery.

title: Dynamic foot pressure measurements for assessing @entity5109 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['center of pressure', 'COP']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities', 'foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4539 ( @entity4539 ) is associated with @entity1295 , @entity221 , sore throat and swollen lymph nodes. The severity of symptoms can vary. In extreme cases, breathing difficulties because of swelling in the throat and other complications can require hospitalization. The duration of symptoms is also variable; in some instances they can last for months. There are few treatments available. There are no universal criteria for using @entity230 in @entity4539 . While their use is generally reserved for severe complications, there are reports of practitioners treating most symptomatic @entity1 with @entity230 . As @entity4539 often affects young @entity1 at a time in their studies where they need to be continually productive, the potential duration of the condition is perhaps a key factor in prescribing such a potent drug for symptom control. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity134 therapy for symptom control in @entity4539 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2005); MEDLINE (January 1966 to November 2005); EMBASE (January 1974 to November 2005); and the UK National Research Register (November 2005). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness for symptom control of a @entity134 to placebo or to another intervention for @entity1 of any age with @entity4539 were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Authors independently assessed trial inclusion according to predetermined criteria. Results are presented separately for each symptom and, where possible, it was intended to combine results in a meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials were included. The diagnosis, @entity134 regime, outcomes and methodological quality varied between trials. The sample size ranged from 24 to 94. For sore throat the results of two studies suggest a benefit at 12 hours of @entity134 therapy over placebo; however this benefit was not maintained. The evidence from one trial suggests a longer benefit when the @entity134 is combined with an antiviral drug. There was evidence from one trial that @entity230 may improve resolution of @entity1295 around four weeks; however it is unclear if this is only in combination with an antiviral. Two trials reported severe complications in @entity1 in the @entity134 group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence - the trials were few, heterogeneous and some were of poor quality, to recommend @entity134 treatment for symptom control in @entity4539 . There is also a lack of research on the side effects, potential adverse effects or complications, particularly in the long term.

title: XXXX for symptom control in @entity4539 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4539 :: ('MESH:D007244', 'Disease') :: ['Glandular fever', 'glandular fever', 'documented glandular fever', 'infectious mononucleosis']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the extent of @entity158 relief two weeks after an epidural steroid injection in @entity1 with @entity890 and @entity2649 , and to identify predictors of changes in @entity158 ratings in each population. METHODS: The study design was a prospective evaluation of @entity1 with @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) and @entity890 ( @entity890 ) referred to a hospital-based @entity158 clinic for an epidural steroid injection (ESI). A complete history, detailed physical examination, @entity158 questionnaire, and Brief Symptom Inventory were obtained for all @entity1 . @entity158 was assessed at baseline and two weeks following a single ESI using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Two hundred twelve @entity1 (mean age 54 years) were enrolled, and 78 of these provided @entity158 ratings before and two weeks after the injection. @entity2649 @entity1 improved less two weeks following the ESI than @entity2033 @entity1 (P = 0.04). Just 38% of @entity2649 @entity1 reported improvement in @entity158 score compared with 61% of @entity2033 @entity1 . In analyses that combined @entity2649 and @entity2033 @entity1 , predictors of worse response included a report of health problems and a diagnosis of @entity2649 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2649 @entity1 have worse response to ESIs than @entity2033 @entity1 . The poor response to ESI in @entity1 with @entity2649 underscores the need for randomized controlled trials of ESI in this population.

title: Effects of epidural steroid injection on @entity158 due to XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['HDs', 'herniated disks']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated disks']


abstract: Anastomotic aortic @entity2849 is a known late complication following aortic repair and presents a considerable surgical challenge. We herein evaluate the endovascular alternative of using sequential AneuRx aortic cuffs to bridge the degenerative @entity2849 as a definitive treatment. Over a 3-year period, six @entity1 with a mean age of 68.7 years (range 58-75) were identified who had proximal anastomotic aortic @entity2849 secondary to previously implanted bifurcated aortic grafts (mean 15, range 12-20 years) following open surgical correction of @entity432 . Five @entity1 (83%) presented with concomitant palpable femoral @entity2849 and one @entity1 (16%) had a pulsatile abdominal mass. All @entity1 had computed tomographic (CT) scans confirming proximal anastomotic pseudoaneuryms without evidence of @entity281 . The mean diameter of the @entity2849 was 5.3 cm (range 4.0-7.0). Five @entity1 were treated with endovascular methods, while one @entity1 was not suitable for endovascular repair due to the diameter of the native aorta as seen on imaging study at the time of the procedure. AneuRx aortic extender cuffs (3.75 cm length) were deployed sequentially in five @entity1 via a femoral approach. Devices were overlapped approximately 1.5 cm in order to achieve total exclusion of the @entity2849 , and all concomitant femoral @entity439 were repaired surgically at the same time. Successful exclusion of the anastomotic @entity2849 was achieved in four @entity1 (80%) using a combination of two or three overlapping aortic cuffs. One @entity1 had a small residual endoleak that had sealed by 1 month, evidenced by follow-up CT. The renal arteries were preserved in all @entity1 . The average estimated @entity190 and operative time were 355 +/- 25 cc and 84 +/- 21 min, respectively. The average length of hospital stay was 2.1 days, and there was no mortality or major morbidity. All @entity1 underwent CT scanning surveillance at 6 and 12 months and yearly afterward. There was no evidence of late endoleak, aneurysmal expansion, or device migration during the mean follow-up of 10 months, ranging 6-27 months. Our study demonstrated that utilizing sequential AneuRx aortic cuffs applied in an overlapping configuration is an effective strategy for degenerative aortic anastomotic @entity2849 from previously placed aortic grafts. Additionally, our study suggests this unique endovascular technique is an ideal alternative for creating a customized tube graft in challenging cases, particularly in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Repair of anastomotic abdominal aortic XXXX utilizing sequential AneuRx aortic cuffs in an overlapping configuration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'anastomotic pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']