abstract: This study is to explore whether YGW has an impact on sperm fertilising ability in @entity19 . Twenty male @entity19 were randomly divided into two groups. In vivo experiments, one group of animals were orally administrated with YGW decoction and another group administered with saline for 14 days. Afterwards, the animals were mated with their female partners. Percentages of retrieved zygotes were then compared. In vitro experiments, @entity52 ( @entity52 ) assay, sperm acrosome reaction and acrosin activity were used to compare sperm fertilising ability between the two groups. The YGW-treated group had a significantly higher percentage of zygotes than the saline controls (P = 0.005). The @entity52 rates induced by spermatozoa from the herb-treated @entity19 were also significantly higher than those from the control animals (P = 0.015). The sperm acrosin activity of the herb-treated group was significantly higher than that of the saline-treated group (P = 0.048), although there was no significant difference in testicular weight, sperm count and sperm motility. These data suggest that YGW decoction has a significant effect on normal sperm fertilising ability both in vivo and in vitro, which may be due to, at least in part, increments in the sperm acrosin activity.

title: Effect of You Gui Wan on XXXX sperm fertilising ability in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilisation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: To determine the association of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and prevalence of @entity101 and its risk factors in a rural population, a cross sectional survey was conducted in two randomly selected villages in the Moradabad district in North India. There were 1935 residents aged over 25 (984 @entity1 and 951 @entity1 ) who were randomly selected and categorised into social classes 1-4 depending upon @entity159 based on occupation, housing conditions, land holding, total per capita income, ownership of consumer durables and education. The prevalence of @entity101 diagnosed by JNC V criteria (>140/90 mm Hg) was significantly higher among social class 1 and 2 and showed positive relation with @entity159 in both sexes. Among social class 1 and 2 subjects, there was a higher prevalence of overweight and @entity28 and sedentary lifestyle. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment of age showed that @entity159 had a positive relation with @entity101 (odds ratio: @entity1 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.14; @entity1 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.13), body mass index (odds ratio: @entity1 1.12, 1.08-1.18; @entity1 1.11, 1.06-1.16) and sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio: @entity1 1.45, 1.32-1.58; @entity1 1.38, 1.26-1.49). Only weak but significant associations were observed with smoking, @entity167 and salt intake. The association of @entity101 with social class was reduced after adjustment of body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and salt intake (odds ratio: @entity1 0.96, 0.81-1.14; @entity1 0.73, 0.54-1.04). There was an increase in the prevalence of @entity101 and age-specific blood pressure (BP) with increasing age in both sexes. The overall prevalence of @entity101 by WHO criteria (>160/95) was 4.6% and by JNC V criteria 20.8%, and the rates were comparable in both sexes. Social class 1 and 2 subjects in rural North India have a higher prevalence of @entity101 and its risk factors of overweight and sedentary lifestyle.

title: Prevalence and determinants of XXXX in the Indian social class and heart survey.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socio-economic status']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between current and lifetime @entity167 consumption, and @entity1144 in adults of an urban Portuguese population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: @entity1 were randomly selected from the non-institutionalized Porto inhabitants, aged >= 18 years (EPIPorto Study: 1999-2003). The study included 2366 @entity1 for evaluating current @entity167 consumption and overall @entity28 , and 2377 @entity1 for @entity1144 . A trained interviewer applied a questionnaire and anthropometrics were measured. Data on @entity167 intake were obtained by using a food frequency questionnaire. Overall @entity28 was considered when body mass index was >= 30.0   kg/m(2), and @entity1144 when waist circumference (WC) was >= 88   cm in @entity1 and >= 102   cm in @entity1 . Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated, separately by sex, using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, education, smoking, energy intake and regular physical exercise, @entity1 who consumed >60g/day of @entity167 were more frequently @entity28 compared with non-drinkers (OR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.17-4.35). When considering lifetime @entity167 consumption, the magnitude of the association was stronger in both @entity1 (OR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.28-4.56) and @entity1 (OR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.93-9.24). For @entity1144 , @entity1 consuming 15.1-30   g/day and >30   g/day had higher probability of being @entity28 , considering both current and lifetime @entity167 consumption. In @entity1 , the same positive associations were observed, which were particularly stronger between lifetime @entity167 consumption and @entity1144 (>60g/day vs non-drinkers: OR=4.02, 95% CI: 1.80-8.98). CONCLUSION: Independently of social and behavioural features, current and lifetime @entity167 consumption were positively associated with @entity1144 , in both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: The effect of current and lifetime @entity167 consumption on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['overall and central obesity', 'central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['overall and central obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe a shared-resource intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) design that allocates time for both surgical procedures and routine diagnostic imaging. We investigated the safety and efficacy of this design as applied to the detection of residual @entity11 immediately after an optimal image-guided frameless stereotactic resection (IGFSR). METHODS: Based on the twin operating rooms (ORs) concept, we installed a commercially available Hitachi AIRIS II, 0.3-tesla, vertical field, open MRI unit in its own specially designed OR (designated the magnetic resonance OR) immediately adjacent to a conventional neurosurgical OR. Between May 1998 and October 1999, this facility was used for both routine diagnostic imaging (969 diagnostic scans) and surgical procedures (50 craniotomies for @entity5 resection, 27 transsphenoidal explorations, and 5 biopsies). Our study group, from which prospective data were collected, consisted of 40 of these @entity1 who had @entity11 (World Health Organization Grades II-IV). These 40 @entity1 first underwent optimal IGFSRs in the adjacent conventional OR, where resection continued until the surgeon believed that all of the accessible @entity5 had been removed. @entity1 were then transferred to the magnetic resonance OR to check the completeness of the resection. If accessible @entity41 was observed, then a biopsy and an additional resection were performed. To validate intraoperative MRI findings, early postoperative MRI using a 1.5-tesla magnet was performed. RESULTS: Intraoperative images that were suitable for interpretation were obtained for all 40 @entity1 after optimal IGFSRs. In 19 @entity1 (47%), intraoperative MRI studies confirmed that adequate resection had been achieved after IGFSR alone. Intraoperative MRI studies showed accessible @entity41 in the remaining 21 @entity1 (53%), all of whom underwent additional resections. Early postoperative MRI studies were obtained in 39 @entity1 , confirming that the desired final extent of resection had been achieved in all of these @entity1 . One @entity1 developed a @entity2737 , and no hazardous equipment or instrumentation problems occurred. CONCLUSION: Use of an intraoperative MRI facility that permits both diagnostic imaging and surgical procedures is safe and may represent a more cost-effective approach than dedicated intraoperative units for some hospital centers. Although we clearly demonstrate an improvement in @entity11 resection as compared with IGFSR alone, further study is required to determine the impact of this approach on @entity1 survival.

title: XXXX resection in a shared-resource magnetic resonance operating room after optimal image-guided frameless stereotactic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'volumetric glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: @entity3553 ( @entity3553 ) are very rare disease. The etiologies of @entity3553 are hematogenous spread, iatrogenic contamination, and local extension. Elevated WBC counts, ESR, and @entity1851 are usually found in laboratory tests. But they are not sensitive indicators of @entity3553 , especially chronic @entity733 @entity1 tend to have a less specific characteristic. We report the case of a healthy @entity1 with chronic @entity3553 referred to our hospital as an intradural-extramedullary (IDEM) @entity5 . The @entity1 presented with voiding difficulty and @entity615 . In a contrast MRI scan, a rim-enhanced mass-like lesion was seen at the L5/S1 level. But adjacent ill-defined epidural fat enhancement that are unusual imaging manifestation for IDEM @entity5 was seen. He had no fever and normal WBC, ESR, and CRP. In addition, the @entity1 had no previous infection history or other disease, but he did have an @entity616 for back @entity158 at another hospital 2 years previously. So, we repeated the MRI with a high-resolution 3-T scanner. The newly taken MR images in our hospital revealed a clear enlargement of lesion size compared to the previous MRI taken 1 week before in other hospital. We suspected a @entity6087 with recent aggravation and immediately performed surgical evacuation. In the surgical field, tensed dura was observed and pus was identified after opening the abscess capsule. Because chronic spinal subdural @entity733 are difficult to diagnose, we could differentiate with @entity5 exactly and an exact history taking, contrast MRI are required.

title: @entity6087 mimicking an intradural-extramedullary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['SSA', 'subdural abscess', 'Spinal subdural abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'IDEM tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic spinal subdural abscess']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the back and left leg']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural block']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In contrast with other opioids, there are few cases of @entity1340 -related @entity1576 described in the literature, and @entity8 is a proposed risk factor. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of and predisposing factors for @entity1340 -related @entity386 in @entity1 referred to our center. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 referred to Loghman-Hakim Hospital between February 2009 and April 2010 with pure @entity1340 intoxication were identified retrospectively. Data collected included the @entity1 's age, sex, ingested dose, route of exposure, reason for @entity4968 (acute @entity1445 or supratherapeutic use), previous history of suicidal attempts, previous history of @entity734 (including @entity1340 ), and clinical features on admission including @entity410 and @entity386 . RESULTS: We identified 525 @entity1 with deliberate self- @entity4968 (359; 68.4%) or abuse (146; 27.8%), and in 114 (21.7%) of these, there was a history of @entity1340 abuse. Four hundred twenty-nine (81.7%) of @entity1 had acute @entity4968 and were referred to hospital within 6 hours of ingestion. Nineteen @entity1 (3.6%) experienced @entity386 and received respiratory support (16; 84.2%) or @entity1510 administration (3; 15.8%) within 24 hours of ingestion (mean, 7.7    7 hours; range, 1-24 hours). The mean dose ingested by @entity1 experiencing @entity386 was 2125    1360 mg (range, 200-4600 mg), which was significantly higher than those who did not experience @entity386 , 1383    1088 mg (range, 100-6000 mg), P < .001. One @entity204 occurred in each group, which was significant (P < .001). @entity8 was not observed in any of the @entity1 who experienced @entity386 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity386 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug or substance abuse']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['Tramadol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictors of @entity177 after open partial nephrectomy. METHODS: A total of 195 @entity1 who underwent open partial nephrectomy were the @entity1 in this study. @entity1 with a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate of >25% from baseline were evaluated on the basis of multiple factors including @entity1 -specific, surgical, @entity5 and postoperative factors. Postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate data were recorded between 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Of the 195 @entity1 , 18 (9%) had a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of >25%. Percentage of preserved @entity8 (P = 0.0078), @entity19220 of @entity5 to renal sinus (P = 0.0108), location of @entity5 to middle part of kidney (P = 0.0112), postoperative highest lactase dehydrogenase (P < 0.0001), postoperative body temperature (P = 0.0314) and postoperative @entity810 (P < 0.0001) were significantly different between @entity1 with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of >25% and those with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate  <=25% on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative highest lactase dehydrogenase (P = 0.0408) and @entity810 (P = 0.0002) were independent predictors for decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate >25%. In contrast, @entity1 characteristic factors ( @entity740 stage), surgical factors (clamping time and PPRP) and @entity5 factors (radius, endophytic/exophytic, @entity19220 and location component) were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative factors, lactase dehydrogenase and @entity810 , were strong predictors for @entity177 after open partial nephrectomy. Thus, a strict follow up is advisable in @entity1 showing high postoperative levels of these two biomarkers.

title: Predictors for XXXX after open partial nephrectomy: including postoperative biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'postoperative renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['postoperative renal function']


abstract: STKR is a G protein-coupled receptor that was cloned from the stable @entity238 , Stomoxys calcitrans. Multiple sequence comparisons show that the @entity535 sequence of this insect receptor displays several features that are typical for @entity4756 (or @entity24305 , NK) receptors. Insect @entity4756 -related peptides, also referred to as "insectatachykinins," produce dose-dependent @entity460 responses in @entity238 Schneider 2 cells, which are stably transfected with this receptor (S2-STKR). These responses do not depend on the presence of extracellular @entity141 -ions. A rapid agonist-induced increase of @entity671 ( @entity9421 ) is observed. This indicates that the agonist-induced cytosolic @entity141 -rise is caused by a release of @entity141 ions from intracellular @entity460 stores. The pharmacology of STKR is analyzed by studying the effects of the most important antagonists for @entity1 NK-receptors on STKR-expressing insect cells. The results show that spantide II, a potent substance P antagonist, is a real antagonist of insectatachykinins on STKR. We have also tested the activity of a variety of natural insectatachykinin analogs by microscopic image analysis of @entity460 responses in S2-STKR cells. At a concentration of 1 microM, almost all natural analogs produce a significant @entity460 rise in stable S2-STKR cells. Interestingly, Stc-TK, an insectatachykinin that was recently discovered in the stable @entity238 (S. calcitrans), also proved to be an STKR-agonist. Stc-TK, a potential physiological ligand for STKR, contains an @entity41 (or A) instead of a highly conserved @entity4022 -residue (or G). Arch.

title: Pharmacological characterization of STKR, an insect G protein-coupled receptor for XXXX -like peptides.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['Ala-residue']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fly']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To isolate and cultivate @entity1 periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) and to investigate the feasibility of PDLSC in vitro differentiation into chondrogenic phenotype. METHODS: Periodontal tissue was obtained from healthy young @entity1 teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes. PDLSCs were isolated by single-colony selection and cultivated. PDLSC of passage 3 was plated at density of 1 x 10(7) cells/cm3 and induced with chondrogenic induction medium of DMEM containing @entity2533 (10 microg/L), @entity442 (50 microg/L), @entity619 (40 microg/L) and 10% @entity4434 . In control group, the constructs were maintained in DMEM medium + 10% @entity4434 . After 21 days induction, the results were evaluated by histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The constructs in experimental group were smooth and relatively firm in texture after 3 weeks of culture. @entity11979 staining showed the formation of distinct lacuna structure. Positive staining of type II collagen was also detected by immunohistochemistry and it was confirmed by RT-PCR. In contrast, in the control group, the constructs collapsed gradually, lacuna was barely detected in histology and type II collagen expression negative. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal ligament contain stem cells can be isolated and cultivated. PDLSC have the potential of chondrogenic differentiation.

title: [Chondrogenic differentiation of adult XXXX periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro].

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['Toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of in vitro treatment of cercariae, schistosomula, and adult worms of @entity380 with 4 @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) axis hormones are described. @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) had the strongest effect on viability. Cercariae were more susceptible to this hormone than schistosomula and adults. Mechanically transformed schistosomula showed 100% mortality (determined microscopically by progressive internal disorganization, development of lucent areas in the cytoplasm, and progressive @entity1319 ) after 48 hr, whereas physiologically induced schistosomula were more resistant, maintaining viability for up to 5 days of exposure. Males were considerably less sensitive than females to the lethal action of @entity2494 . When adult worms were paired, @entity2494 lethality was markedly reduced, with viability beginning to decrease only after 4 days in culture. @entity701 reduced the viability of each of the stages tested about equally. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and @entity3317 (ACTH) did not affect the viability of any stage. @entity2494 and @entity701 significantly inhibited in vitro oviposition, whereas @entity15571 and ACTH did not. @entity2494 and @entity701 exerted their effects on schistosome viability and oviposition in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest possible new avenues for the control of @entity2040 .

title: In vitro effects of @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) hormones on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motility']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: We present an unusual case of primary osseous @entity980 with focal matrix formation mimicking @entity421 . The @entity1 was a 21-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from @entity158 and slight enlargement of his left @entity291 for 2 months. A plain radiograph demonstrated a large, predominantly osteolytic mass in the region of the proximal fibula with features typical of malignant primary @entity3478 . On open surgical biopsy, the @entity5 consisted of atypical cells, some of them presenting spindle morphology. Between them, there were bands of densely hyalinized matrix with osteoid appearance, but without definite lacunae or calcifications, and an @entity421 was diagnosed. Consequently, the @entity5 was removed. The postoperative tissue presented more pleomorphic cells with some definite rhabdomyoblasts. @entity2283 , actin, @entity33451 , and @entity9171 were positive in @entity5 cells, and a diagnosis of @entity980 was eventually made. Only few cases of primary pure bone @entity980 have been reported. Other @entity3478 with @entity4998 have been described: @entity511 , @entity1492 , and @entity421 . Our case does not meet the criteria for sclerosing @entity980 , as matrix formation is focal and cells are spindle-shaped and pleomorphic. However, it is a further example of a diagnostic error in connection with primary @entity5 .

title: Primary osseous XXXX with focal matrix formation mimicking @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'osseous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: A sensitive, specific and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-ion spray-tandem mass spectrometry procedure (HPLC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ) has been developed to quantify @entity786 in @entity1 urine. This methodology, which includes the liquid-liquid extraction with @entity1046 , requires no derivatization procedures, preventing @entity786 from possible thermal and chemical decomposition reactions. This methodology was validated by the use of @entity1260 as internal standard (I.S.). The assay was linear over the range 0 to 3.2 ng @entity19264 urine, having a low limit of quantification of 0.2 ng @entity19264 . The low limit of detection was assessed at 0.05 ng @entity19264 urine. This method is characterized by a coefficient of variation < 10%. Standard calibration curves, performed on three different days, had correlation coefficient always greater than 0.998. The intra and inter-day precision were within 11%, and accuracy was included in the range 99-103%. The mean extracted recovery assessed at three different concentrations (0.5, 0.8, 3.2 ng @entity19264 ) was always more than 85%. The extraction efficiency of @entity786 from urine samples was also studied at six different pH values (pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10). CP gave the maximum extraction efficiency when pH urine solutions was adjusted to 7.0 and somewhat lower at the other considered values.

title: [The determination of urinary @entity786 at low concentration levels by liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC/ @entity15 / XXXX analysis].

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Although stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for cardiac restoration, the heterogeneity of transplanted cells has been hampering the precise understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. Previously, we established a cardiovascular cell differentiation system from @entity19 pluripotent stem cells, in which cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mural cells (MCs) can be systematically induced and purified. Combining this with cell sheet technology, we generated cardiac tissue sheets reassembled with defined cardiovascular populations. Here, we show the potentials and mechanisms of cardiac tissue sheet transplantation in cardiac function after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Transplantation of the cardiac tissue sheet to a @entity35 @entity583 model showed significant and sustained improvement of systolic function accompanied by @entity2295 . Reduction of the @entity1188 wall thinning and fibrotic length indicated the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling. Cell tracing with species-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization after transplantation revealed a relatively early loss of transplanted cells and an increase in endogenous @entity2295 in the proximity of the graft, suggesting an indirect angiogenic effect of cardiac tissue sheets rather than direct CM contributions. We prospectively dissected the functional mechanisms with cell type-controlled sheet analyses. Sheet CMs were the main source of vascular endothelial growth factor. Transplantation of sheets lacking CMs resulted in the disappearance of @entity2295 and subsequent functional improvement, indicating that the beneficial effects of the sheet were achieved by sheet CMs. ECs and MCs enhanced the sheet functions and structural integration. Supplying CMs to @entity63 regions with cellular interaction could be a strategic key in future cardiac cell therapy.

title: Pluripotent stem cell-engineered cell sheets reassembled with defined cardiovascular populations ameliorate reduction in @entity1188 heart function through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['cardiomyocyte-mediated neovascularization']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A new surgical technique of cervical osteotomy to correct an extension deformity of the cervical spine is described, and a case is reported. OBJECTIVES: To emphasize the disparate effect of osteotomy level on sagittal balance and gaze angle in surgical correction of global @entity85 , and to describe a new surgical technique. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous reports of cervical osteotomy essentially have described extension osteotomy for correction of severe @entity85 . To the authors' knowledge, flexion osteotomy to correct extension deformity of the cervical spine has not been described previously. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity1 with global @entity85 caused by @entity1691 underwent @entity2649 at another institution. Ten years later, she experienced further development of the @entity1513 , predominantly at the thoracic level, with resultant restriction of forward gaze. @entity1514 was performed, which resulted in an upward deviation of her visual field. @entity1129 was performed at C7-T1, using two separate posterior and anterior approaches, in one-stage, in the lateral decubitus. The use of transparent drapes permitted direct visualization of the chin-brow angle during operation. Anterior plate fixation prevented any translation at the osteotomy site. RESULTS: The osteotomy united; the gaze angle was fully corrected (45 degrees to -30 degrees ). No deterioration was noted at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Osteotomy at a higher level in the spine for correction of global @entity85 may result in a significant overcorrection of the gaze angle upward. The authors believe that the new technique described in this report is a technically demanding but adequate and safe approach for correcting such a @entity395 .

title: Flexion osteotomy of the cervical spine: a new technique for correction of iatrogenic extension deformity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['corrective lumbar osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic corrective osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A flexion osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'flexion deformity']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Previously, we have demonstrated that ip injection of @entity3826 , a nonselective @entity935 (DA) agonist, increases serum GH levels in the @entity2083 , suggesting a possible role of DA in GH regulation. In the present study, the effects of DA on GH release in the @entity2083 were further characterized using an in vitro perifusion system for pituitary fragments. DA increased GH release in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 0.26 +/- 0.06 microM. @entity2344 , a @entity54106 agonist, mimicked the GH-releasing effect of DA with an ED50 of 0.41 +/- 0.12 microM. Stereoselectivity consistent with @entity1 @entity54106 systems was demonstrated for the GH response to @entity2344 ; only the (+)- but not (-)-enantiomer of @entity2344 induced a dose-dependent GH release. Two other D1 agonists, @entity52622 and @entity11639 , were also found to have GH-releasing activity. In contrast, high doses (up to 1 microM) of the DA D2 agonists, @entity2847 and @entity3828 , did not affect basal GH levels. The receptor specificity for DA-stimulated GH release was further investigated by using D1 and D2 antagonists; the D1 antagonists @entity10095 and @entity29746 completely abolished the GH response to DA or the D1 agonist @entity2344 , whereas the D2-specific antagonists @entity2211 and @entity3216 were not effective in this respect. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that DA is stimulatory to GH release from the pituitary of @entity2083 , and its action is mediated through receptors resembling the @entity1 @entity54106 receptors. The apparent similarities of the @entity54106 receptor pharmacology between the @entity2083 and the mammals also indicate that D1 receptor is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution.

title: XXXX stimulates growth hormone release from the pituitary of @entity2083 , @entity2083 , through the @entity935 D1 receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Effects of temperature treatment ( @entity1457 , @entity11339 ; @entity1457 , @entity8682 ; and @entity1457 , @entity1050 ) on the daily productivity of treated males in different spermatogenesis stages have been studied in isogenic line 51 of @entity238 . The average productivity was shown to substantially decrease in all cases. The sum of the @entity8682 and @entity1050 contributions to this decrease was nearly equal to the @entity11339 (the combined @entity8682 and @entity1050 ) contribution, i.e., these contributions were almost additive. The temperature treatments did not kill mature sperm. In the control, mating productivity of day 1 exceeded that of the next day at least by 10-20%. Each day, most sperm in matings was new, i.e., matured during that day. Transposition induction of @entity54900 412 was studied at four spermatogenesis stages after @entity8682 and @entity1050 . Both temperature treatments were effective but @entity1050 had a more pronounced inducing effect. Most temperature-induced transpositions occurred at stage 3 (meiosis) and 4 (spermiogenesis). The day rates of transpositions at different stages were estimated. After @entity8682 at the meiosis stage, lambda = 0.11 events per initial @entity54900 copy per sperm per day of mating, which is approximately equal to the previous estimates after @entity11339 . After @entity1050 at the meiosis stage, lambda = 0.51. The transposition hot sites (including the previously known 43B and 97DE as well as a number of new sites) were detected. The lists of transpositions after @entity1050 completely included the corresponding lists after @entity8682 , which suggests similarity of induction mechanisms underlying @entity1050 and @entity8682 .

title: [Induction of XXXX 412 transposition individually by heat and @entity1457 in spermatogenesis in @entity238 males].

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heavy heat shock', 'cold shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity54900 :: (38459(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['MGE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5714 associated with @entity530 is very rare. Sixteen cases have been reported in the English-language literature. CASE: A 27-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity1296 , @entity1295 and @entity10 . Physical examination revealed @entity1087 and mild @entity591 . Laboratory evaluation indicated @entity2142 , and workups for hematologic and infectious disease etiologies were negative. Multiple blood transfusions and @entity230 failed. Computed tomography showed a large, complex pelvic mass (10 x 10 x 6 cm). Exploratory laparotomy and excision of bilateral @entity48 were performed, and the @entity417 resolved. The @entity1 was healthy, without recurrence, seven years later. CONCLUSION: It is important to seek to identify @entity530 in @entity1 presenting with @entity5714 because this condition is often resistant to standard medical therapy and resolves only after removal of the @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity530 . A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['benign pelvic neoplasms', 'pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia', 'Hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5714 :: (MESH:D000743,Disease) :: ['Hemolytic anemia']


abstract: Differential diagnosis of @entity409 in the absence of proven @entity5 is still a challenge. We experienced a case of an asymptomatic 14 cm lesion of right hemiliver in a 67 year-old @entity1 submitted to right hepatectomy in December 2010. One year before the @entity1 underwent to endoscopic removal of a tubular adenoma of the right colon. Preoperative diagnosis was supported by ultrasound, CT scan, PET and liver biopsy. The @entity1 received 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) with down-staging of the lesion diameter. Immunohistochemistry on the surgical specimen showed positivity for @entity51670 , @entity478 , @entity5091 , negativity for @entity5822 and a-fetoprotein. Moreover, the neoplastic cells showed a focal positivity with lower intensity for @entity2355 and @entity5089 . The immunohistochemical profile suggested the possibility of a @entity5 from the large bowel, without excluding a primitive @entity201 with intestinal phenotype. At 6 months after intervention, the @entity1 was submitted to chemotherapy (FOLFOX). At present he is in good condition, without radiological signs of recurrence. Oncologists must evaluate the possible benefits of further adjuvant treatments based on the differential diagnosis between a primitive or metastatic @entity96 . In conclusion, correct diagnosis of @entity409 is mandatory and remains a challenge that can differentiate either follow-up or surgical and adjuvant treatment. Histology and immunohistochemistry must be related to clinical findings as they may not always be sufficient to reach a correct final diagnosis, and can even be confusing. At present, molecular biology cannot be considered a helpful for diagnosis in these cases.

title: Challenge in differential diagnosis of a @entity409 histologically defined as a metastatic lesion from an occult primary XXXX . The importance of clinical findings and the limitations of histology and molecular profiles. A case report.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumour', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver masses', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intestinal tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the @entity6 epidemic expands, health care providers need more options to achieve glycemic control. Insulin analogue premixes provide basal and prandial insulin with 1 injection. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the efficacy and tolerability of insulin analogue premixes in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Sources of information for the present review included guidelines from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American @entity6 Association (ADA), and the European Association for the Study of @entity6 . A PubMed search of clinical trials that have assessed the efficacy and tolerability of insulin lispro, biphasic insulin aspart, biphasic @entity1 insulin, insulin analogue premix, insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and neutral protamine Hagedorn, as well as the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine grades of recommendation and ADA levels of evidence, were employed. RESULTS: Of the 240 articles identified, 19 presented relevant clinical trial data. Biphasic insulin analogues have been associated with changes in hemoglobin A(1c), including aspart 70/30 ( @entity14184 ) (changes, -1.23% to -2.89%), lispro mix 75/25 (-1.8%), and lispro mix 50/50 (-1.87%). Hypoglycemic events were reported in 18%, 23% to 42%, and 32% to 40% of @entity1 who received @entity14184 , lispro 75/25, and lispro 50/50, respectively. In some studies, algorithms were used for ensuring correct doses of @entity14184 and lispro mix 75/25. These algorithms were reported to be useful for guiding @entity1 and physicians when more intense therapy with biphasic insulin analogues was required for effective glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings from the present review, health care providers may improve @entity1 care by using the most appropriate insulin type and individualizing dosing regimens. The initiation of treatment with biphasic insulin analogue premixes should be considered when basal insulin therapy alone is not sufficient to obtain optimal glycemic control.

title: Intensifying insulin therapy in XXXX : dosing options for insulin analogue premixes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristic features and outcome of @entity2 in Israel. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the clinicopathologic data and outcome of @entity1 from four major hospitals in Israel in the last 20 years. RESULTS: There were 142 cases of @entity2 : typical (n = 128) and atypical (n = 14). We calculated an annual incidence of about 2.3 to 2.8 cases per 1 million population. The ratio of female to male @entity1 was 1.6:1. The prevalence of smoking was similar to the general population in @entity1 with typical @entity4303 and twice as high in the atypical group. Bronchial obstruction was the cause of most of the presenting symptoms and signs and @entity55 , @entity158 , @entity891 , and @entity1353 (41%). @entity4303 was extremely rare and occurred in only one @entity1 with @entity3 . Most of the @entity5 (68%) arose in the major bronchi. Diagnosis was made using fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 52% of @entity1 without evidence of @entity548 . Nodal involvement and distant @entity3 occurred in 57% and 21%, respectively, in the atypical group, and 10% and 3%, respectively, in the typical group. The treatment of choice was surgical: lobectomy (56%) or pneumonectomy (16%). The respective 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with typical and @entity5 were 89% and 75% (not significant), and the 10-year survival rates were 82% and 56% (p < 0.05). A review of large series from the literature is presented. CONCLUSION: @entity358 is an uncommon @entity5 in the Israeli population. With early diagnosis and @entity146 surgical therapy, long-term prognosis is excellent.

title: XXXX : presentation, diagnosis, and outcome in 142 cases in Israel and review of 640 cases from the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['included obstructive pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'atypical tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic pain']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoid syndrome', 'carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary carcinoid']


abstract: The authors try to identify causes of delay in the diagnosis of @entity2 , such causes being liable for low survival rates in five years. With this in mind, they developed a prospective study involving 100 @entity1 admitted to the "Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho" @entity5 Institute, who were asked as to the date symptoms started, medical care searched, first diagnostic impressions, and number of physicians seen till the moment of diagnosis. They observed that 73 @entity1 looked for medical assistance up to the 30th day from the beginning of disease, and only in 10 occasions this interval was longer than 120 days. 46 @entity1 had a confirmed diagnosis in less than 90 days after their first medical appointment, and in 41 cases the delay in diagnosis was longer than 4 months. Upon the first exam with the physician, @entity5 was suspected 25 times, but only 11 @entity1 were immediately referred to the @entity5 Institute. Of the remaining 89 @entity1 , 57 were referred only after their third medical appointment. 80 @entity1 were first seen by general practitioners and, on average, @entity1 went to 3 or 4 physicians to obtain a definite diagnosis. The most commonly used method to identify @entity5 was bronchofibroscopy (67 cases), with an average of 20 days of delay for its performance. Lung biopsy using transparietal fine needle was the second most used (14 cases), with an average delay of 10 days. The authors conclude that delay in the diagnosis is mostly due to the inadequacy of medical services, delay in referrals and in the performance of subsidiary tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Delay factors in the diagnosis of XXXX : a public health problem].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 management is a global health concern. By the time they reach adolescence, 10-15% of all @entity1 live with a @entity102 . The role of educational interventions in facilitating adaptation to @entity102 is receiving growing recognition, and current care policies advocate greater involvement of @entity1 in self-care. Web 2.0 is an umbrella term for new collaborative Internet services characterized by user participation in developing and managing content. Key elements include Really Simple Syndication (RSS) to rapidly disseminate awareness of new information; weblogs (blogs) to describe new trends, wikis to share knowledge, and podcasts to make information available on personal media players. This study addresses the potential to develop Web 2.0 services for young @entity1 with a @entity102 . It is acknowledged that the management of childhood @entity102 is based on interplay between initiatives and resources on the part of @entity1 , relatives, and health care professionals, and where the balance shifts over time to the @entity1 and their families. METHODS: Participatory action research was used to stepwise define a design specification in the form of a pattern language. Support for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1723 was used as the example area. Each individual design pattern was determined graphically using card sorting methods, and textually in the form Title, Context, Problem, Solution, Examples and References. Application references were included at the lowest level in the graphical overview in the pattern language but not specified in detail in the textual descriptions. RESULTS: The design patterns are divided into functional and non-functional design elements, and formulated at the levels of organizational, system, and application design. The design elements specify access to materials for development of the competences needed for @entity102 management in specific community settings, endorsement of self-learning through online peer-to-peer communication, and systematic accreditation and evaluation of materials and processes. CONCLUSION: The use of design patterns allows representing the core design elements of a Web 2.0 system upon which an 'ecological' development of content respecting these constraints can be built. Future research should include evaluations of Web 2.0 systems implemented according to the architecture in practice settings.

title: Web 2.0 systems supporting childhood XXXX management: a pattern language representation of a general architecture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes Type 1']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'Chronic disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of low-dose @entity1311 / @entity900 chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent @entity356 that had failed @entity1487 / @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Thirty-two @entity1 with documented progression on or within 6 months after discontinuing @entity1487 / @entity902 -based chemotherapy were enrolled. As a second-line treatment, @entity1311 (145 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (60 mg/m(2)) was administered on day 1 every 3 weeks. Among 32 @entity1 enrolled, 8 (25%) responded partially to @entity1311 / @entity900 , 8 (25%) had stable disease, and 14 (44%) had progressive disease. Two @entity1 (6%) were not evaluable. The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and overall survival for all @entity1 were 2.9 months and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common @entity1503 was @entity417 (47%). Grade 3 @entity1398 developed in three @entity1 (9%), but no other grade 3/4 @entity1503 occurred. The most common non-hematologic @entity137 were @entity391 (31%) and @entity1897 (38%). Three cases (9%) of grade 3/4 @entity391 and 2 cases (6%) of grade 3 @entity1897 developed. In conclusion, low-dose @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy showed moderate activity with favorable @entity137 profiles. However, relatively short @entity1054 of this regimen warrants the development of more effective @entity1311 -based regimens other than combination with @entity900 in these @entity1 as second-line therapies.

title: Phase II study of low-dose XXXX and @entity900 as a second-line therapy after @entity1487 / @entity902 chemotherapy in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Despite recent progress, @entity158 in France is still underevaluated and undertreated and its treatment very heterogeneous among clinicians and health care providers. @entity158 assessment is often a difficult task in this population. The ontogeny of nociceptive pathways, their maturation, and their functionality during development are not completely understood. @entity158 sensations primarily involve the @entity1 's own experience but can be modified, influenced by his/her parents and the psychosocial environment with their own experience of @entity158 and @entity148 . The use of analgesics cannot be precisely quantified using retail sales data. However, the 'Pediadol' survey has demonstrated that their use in @entity1 experiencing @entity158 situations is definitely insufficient. Also, another survey conducted among pharmacists showed that at least one-third of analgesics approved for adults are not licensed for paediatric use, sometimes due to inadequate drug formulation. The situation is even more critical for young @entity1 and neonates for whom there are even fewer available approved analgesics. A number of issues need to be addressed in order to improve @entity158 management in @entity1 . First of all, evaluation of @entity158 should be generalized. Auto-evaluation should be used in @entity1 over 6 years of age. Under 6 years, the initial step would be to further evaluate and validate hetero-evaluation scores. Second, analgesics should be evaluated in order to be licensed for paediatric use. When possible, data obtained in adults or older @entity1 should be used and studies in younger @entity1 performed only when necessary. Finally it is of paramount importance to continue to increase paediatricians' and health care providers' awareness of the existence of @entity158 in @entity1 and to train them to evaluate @entity158 and treat it appropriately.

title: [Evaluation of analgesics in XXXX . Round table no. 5. XV].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Painful', 'pain', 'childhood pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies - @entity308 scale (CES-D) is a validated tool commonly used to screen @entity308 . As with any self-administered questionnaire, missing data are frequently observed and can strongly bias any inference. The objective of this study was to investigate the best approach for handling missing data in the CES-D scale. METHODS: Among the 71,412 @entity1 from the French E3N prospective cohort (Etude Epid  miologique aupr  s des femmes de la Mutuelle G  n  rale de l'Education Nationale) who returned the questionnaire comprising the CES-D scale in 2005, 45% had missing values in the scale. The reasons for failure to complete certain items were investigated by semi-directive interviews on a random sample of 204 @entity1 . The prevalence of high @entity308 (score >=  16, hDS) was estimated after applying various methods for ignorable missing data including multiple imputation using imputation models with CES-D items with or without covariates. The accuracy of imputation models was investigated. Various scenarios of nonignorable missing data mechanisms were investigated by a sensitivity analysis based on the mixture modelling approach. RESULTS: The interviews showed that @entity1 were not reluctant to answer the CES-D scale. Possible reasons for nonresponse were identified. The prevalence of hDS among complete responders was 26.1%. After multiple imputation, the prevalence was 28.6%, 29.8% and 31.7% for @entity1 presenting up to 4, 10 and 20 missing values, respectively. The estimates were robust to the various imputation models investigated and to the scenarios of nonignorable missing data. CONCLUSIONS: The CES-D scale can easily be used in large cohorts even in the presence of missing data. Based on the results from both a qualitative study and a sensitivity analysis under various scenarios of missing data mechanism in a population of @entity1 , missing data mechanism does not appear to be nonignorable and estimates are robust to departures from ignorability. Multiple imputation is recommended to reliably handle missing data in the CES-D scale.

title: Dealing with missing data in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies XXXX self-report scale: a study based on the French E3N cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify geographical concentration of @entity9231 cases in the UK at a hospital level. To assess potential delay-to-treatment associated with hub-and-spoke distribution of @entity506 in severe cases. DESIGN: Observational study using national and hospital data. SETTING AND @entity1 : 3520 @entity1 notified to the @entity311 Reference Laboratory 2008-2010, 34 @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity506 from a @entity66 centre 2002-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Geographical location of @entity9231 cases notified in the UK. Diagnosis-to-treatment times for intravenous @entity506 . RESULTS: Eight centres accounted for 43.9% of the UK's total cases; notifications from 107 centres accounted for 10.2% of cases; 51.5% of hospitals seeing @entity311 notified 5 or fewer cases in 3 years. Centres that saw <10 cases/year treat 26.3% of @entity311 cases; 6.1% of cases are treated in hospitals seeing <2 cases/year. Concentration of @entity9231 was highest in Greater London (1925, 54.7%), South East (515, 14.6%), East of England (402, 11.4%) and North West (192, 5.4%). The North East and Northern Ireland each notified 5 or fewer cases per year. Median diagnosis-to-treatment time was 1 h (range 0.5-5) for @entity1 receiving @entity506 in the specialist centre; 7.5 h (range 4-26) for @entity1 receiving it in referring hospitals via the hub-and-spoke system (p=0.02); 25 h (range 9-45) for @entity1 receiving it on transfer to the regional centre from a referring hospital (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Most UK hospitals see few cases of @entity9231 and geographical distances are significant. Over 25% of cases are seen in hospitals where @entity311 is rare, although 60% are seen in hospitals seeing over 50 cases over 3 years. A hub-and-spoke system minimises drug wastage and ensures availability in centres seeing most cases but is associated with treatment delays elsewhere. As with all observational studies, there are limitations, which are discussed.

title: Geographical concentration of XXXX treated in the UK and delay to treatment with @entity506 in severe cases: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum', 'falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: In the summer of 2001 an outbreak of @entity526 O157 @entity1902 affected staff and residents of a care home for the elderly in the West Midlands, UK. @entity526 O157 phage type 2 was isolated from faeces in eight @entity1 and 12 staff members. Thirty-five staff and 40 residents met the case definition for clinical @entity344 . Serological testing identified a further 14 possible cases of @entity281 amongst asymptomatic staff and residents. The outbreak was atypical, as the disease seemed to be milder than has been observed in past outbreaks in similar settings. The index case, a member of staff, developed bloody @entity294 and @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ), but only one resident developed bloody @entity294 and required hospitalization. No @entity204 occurred, despite the high-risk nature of the affected population. The source of the outbreak could not be identified. The prolonged nature of the outbreak and observed lapses in @entity281 control practices indicated that @entity1 -to- @entity1 spread was the likely route of transmission. This outbreak illustrates the importance of observing appropriate @entity281 control measures in the institutions providing residential and nursing care to the elderly.

title: An outbreak of XXXX O157 @entity1902 in a care home for the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic-uraemic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The generation of Cajal-Retzius (CR) neurons is restricted to discrete sites in the telencephalon. Most of these sites do not express @entity29512 , a transcription factor that inhibits @entity851 (TGF)beta-dependent upregulation of @entity5207 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity641 signaling triggers CR neurogenesis in @entity29512 -deficient zones through @entity5207 induction. In @entity29512 (+/+) @entity19 , @entity5207 (a) was expressed in select cycling cells in CR neuron-producing areas and (b) was co-localized in newly generated CR neurons. Zones of CR neuronal production and @entity5207 expression were expanded in the forebrains of @entity29512 (Cre/Cre) @entity19 . Manipulation of @entity641 signaling in explants from cortical hems of wild-type @entity19 altered @entity5207 expression and the production of CR neurons. Furthermore, despite continued @entity641 activity, @entity5207 immunoreactivity diminished in CR neurons with distance from their generation site. This implicated a second pathway controlling @entity5207 expression. We provide evidence that @entity3114 , which has been shown to translocate into the nucleus to act as a transcriptional co-activator of @entity641 -dependent upregulation of @entity5207 , is strategically expressed to be involved in controlling @entity5207 expression in CR neurons. Specifically, @entity3114 was nuclear in @entity5207 +/reelin+ cells in sites of CR neuronal generation, however, nuclear @entity3114 immunoreactivity was absent in @entity5207 -/reelin+ cells distal from sites of CR neurogenesis. Thus, @entity641 and @entity3114 may work in concert to regulate expression of @entity5207 during CR neuronal generation.

title: Generation of Cajal-Retzius neurons in @entity19 forebrain is regulated by XXXX beta-Fox signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['transforming growth factor']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['transforming growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergen immunotherapy results in a number of changes in clinical, inflammatory, and immunologic parameters. However, the basis for the specificity of this form of therapy is unknown, especially in the context of changes in T- and B-lymphocyte function after desensitization to specific allergens. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the immunologic consequences of rush immunotherapy. METHODS: We studied 10 @entity1 who had positive skin test responses to the house dust mite @entity7130 (Dpt) and cat dander extract. Each received rush immunotherapy to mite, but not cat dander, over a 2- to 4-week period until maintenance was achieved. @entity1 were evaluated before and when maintenance was achieved for skin test and nasal reactivity to mite and cat dander; antibody levels to the allergen were monitored, as were lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine production. RESULTS: Rush immunotherapy to house dust mite resulted in a significant reduction in skin and nasal reactivity to mite allergen, but not to cat allergen, in 10 of 10 @entity1 . This was accompanied by a rise in serum anti-Dpt IgE, whereas anti-cat IgE was not altered (7 of 7 @entity1 ). In seven of seven @entity1 there was an increase in anti-Dpt IgG4 levels. T-cell proliferative responses to mite antigen were suppressed, and numbers of @entity405 + T cells increased in frequency. There was a marked increase in @entity379 production, particularly by @entity404 + T cells in 10 of 10 @entity1 . The correlation between the increases in @entity379 production and the changes in cutaneous reactivity was highly significant. CONCLUSION: We show that rush immunotherapy is immunologically specific in eliciting changes in T- and B-cell responses to the desensitization antigen. The specificity and potential benefit of immunotherapy may be linked to the increase in @entity379 production by allergen-activated @entity404 + T lymphocytes.

title: Rush immunotherapy results in allergen-specific alterations in lymphocyte function and XXXX production in @entity404 + T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: A 62-year-old female @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of @entity1985 . @entity1581 (IgG    type) and urinary Bence Jones proteins were detected in the serum and urine by the immunofixation method. The initial renal biopsy revealed @entity527 in mesangial area, glomerular capillary walls and arterioles by Congo-red staining, and amyloid fibers were detected by electron microscopy. On the bone marrow test, plasma cells accounted for 8.6%. Based on these findings, we diagnosed as @entity1582 associated with @entity1582 . We treated her by high-dose intravenous injection therapy of melphalan combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. She achieved complete hematologic response 27 months later, however. Urine M-protein disappeared 2 months after treatment, and @entity644 slowly disappeared 17 months after treatment. On the other hand, amyloid fibers remained in renal biopsied tissues at 17 and 53 months after therapy. Electron microscopic examination also revealed the similar amyloid fibers in glomeruli. These findings suggest that, in this case, immunoglobulin light chains may cause directly and/or indirectly glomerular epithelial injury and @entity1985 range @entity644 rather than via amyloid fiber formation.

title: A XXXX with persistent renal AL amyloid deposition after clinical remission by HDM/SCT therapy.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['Monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity6 contributes to the development of @entity75 in cerebral arteries. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 were dependent on the presence or absence of underlying @entity66 . Thirty @entity6 subjects between 40 and 59 years of age and who had no prior history of @entity101 were used in this study. @entity75 ( @entity75 ) were detected with magnetic resonance imaging and @entity731 ( @entity731 ) were detected using intra- and extracranial magnetic resonance angiography, and by ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid artery. @entity1 underwent a full clinical laboratory screening and a power spectrum analysis of their heart rate variability. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with and without @entity75 . The low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) was found to be significantly increased (P<0.01) in subjects with @entity75 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity75 (1.3 +/- 0.1). When subjects were divided into groups based on their presence or absence of @entity731 , high-frequency power was found to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (12.8 +/- 3.4 ms) compared to those without @entity731 (19.4 +/- 1.7 ms). The LF/HF ratio was found to be significantly increased (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity731 (1.4 +/- 0.1). Our data suggested that @entity731 in cerebrovascular diseased linked to decrease of vagal nerve activity in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 correlate with the presence of underlying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar lesions', 'sclerotic lesions', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: @entity9646 replacement therapy (HRT) is effective in alleviating vasomotor symptoms but the effect on @entity1109 is less clear. This study aimed to compare the psychological effects of two regimens of HRT in perimenopausal @entity1 in a randomized, initially double-blind, controlled trial. Thirty-eight @entity1 reporting climacteric symptoms were randomly allocated into either oral conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 0.625 mg daily plus @entity3942 (norgestrel) 150 micrograms for the last 12 days of each 28 day cycle, or @entity11347 2.5 mg/day for 28 days. They were assessed using standardized psychological assessments. There were no significant differences in changes from baseline between the two types of therapy. For both groups combined there were significant improvements compared with baseline in vasomotor symptoms in the first month, plus @entity148 by the second and third months, but not in scores of @entity308 . Log linear analysis of weekly scores showed that @entity308 scores were significantly related to improvement in vasomotor scores independent of type of therapy and time on HRT. @entity2414 were related to vasomotor symptoms independent of @entity308 . No difference between the two types of therapy was found, nor any direct effect of HRT on @entity148 or @entity308 . The results support the domino theory, suggesting that @entity458 follows alleviation of vasomotor symptoms.

title: Psychological effects of hormone replacement therapy: a comparison of XXXX and a sequential @entity172 therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological improvement']

entities_list: @entity3942 :: ('CHEBI:50745', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogen']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety, sleep, memory and somatic dysfunction', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory problems']

answer: @entity11347 :: (MESH:C027385,Chemical) :: ['tibolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether virtual nonenhanced images can replace true nonenhanced images for the evaluation of @entity1608 and to compare two virtual nonenhanced images obtained from dual-energy data sets during the late arterial phase ( @entity3813 ) and portal venous phase ( @entity12468 ) with true nonenhanced images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity5990 (n = 77) or bile duct stones (n = 23) who had undergone dual-source dual-energy CT (using 80kVp and 140kVp with the ratio of dose-partitioning, 1:1.3), were included. The CT numbers for the stone, liver, and bile; stone size; and image noise were assessed for each image set. The conspicuity and size of the stones, image quality, and acceptability of the virtual nonenhanced images as a replacement for true nonenhanced images were assessed. RESULTS: Virtual nonenhanced images from both @entity3813 ( @entity3813 ) and @entity12468 showed lower CT numbers for the stone and smaller stone size than did true nonenhanced images (p < 0.05). @entity3813 images failed to show stones in 16 @entity1 (16%) with relatively radiolucent bile duct stones (< 78 HU) or small @entity5990 (< 9 mm(2), < 1.7 mm). There was no difference between the two virtual nonenhanced image sets except for the contrast-to-noise ratio of stone to bile and the image noise (CT numbers for the stone, liver, and muscle; stone size; and contrast-to-noise ratio of stone to liver, p = 1; the CT number for the bile, p = 0.1618; and effective dose, p = 0.7478). @entity3813 images were considered acceptable as a replacement for true nonenhanced images in 89% and 90% by reviewers 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Virtual nonenhanced images allow the detection of @entity1608 with moderate accuracy, irrespective of the dual-energy contrast-enhanced phase. The detection of @entity1085 of 9 mm(2) or smaller and of relatively radiolucent bile duct stones of 78 HU or lower is limited.

title: Initial assessment of dual-energy CT in XXXX with @entity5990 or bile duct stones: can virtual nonenhanced images replace true nonenhanced images?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stones']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Prolonged exposure to topotecan ( @entity9919 ) in in vitro experiments and in vivo studies in animals yielded the highest antitumor efficacy. An oral bioavailability of @entity9919 of 32-44% enables convenient prolonged administration. Because of unpredictable @entity294 in the third week of the twice daily (b.i.d.) 21-day schedule of p.o. administered @entity9919 and the finding of optimal down-regulation of topoisomerase I level after 10-14 days in mononuclear peripheral blood cells, a shorter period of administration (10 days) was chosen for Phase I and pharmacological studies of oral administration of @entity9919 . Adult @entity1 with @entity5 that were refractory to standard forms of chemotherapy were entered. Two dose schedules were studied: once daily (o.d.) and b.i.d. administration for 10 days every 3 weeks. @entity9919 o.d. for 10 days was studied at dose levels 1.0, 1.4, and 1.6 mg/m2/day, and dose levels were 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mg/m2 with the 10-day b.i.d. schedule. Pharmacokinetics were performed on days 1 and 8 of the first course using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods. Nineteen @entity1 were entered in the 10-day o.d. schedule, with a total of 48 courses given. Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was reached at 1.6 mg/m2/day and consisted of common @entity137 criteria (CTC) grade IV @entity882 and CTC grade III @entity294 . The maximum tolerated dose was 1.4 mg/m2/day. In the 10-day b.i.d. administration of @entity9919 , a total of 64 courses were studied in 20 @entity1 . DLT was reached at a dose of 0.8 mg/m2 b.i.d. and consisted of CTC grade IV myelosuppression and CTC grade IV @entity294 . The maximum tolerated dose was 0.7 mg/m2 b.i.d. @entity137 with both schedules included mild @entity390 and @entity391 , fatigue, and @entity448 . Pharmacokinetics revealed a substantial variation of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of @entity9919 lactone in both schedules. Significant correlations were observed between the myelotoxicity parameters and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve at day 1 of @entity9919 lactone o.d. and b.i.d. The DLT of 10 daily administrations of oral topotecan every 3 weeks consisted of a combination of myelosuppression and @entity294 for both schedules studied. The recommended doses for Phase II studies are 1.4 mg/m2/day for 10 days for the o.d. administration and 0.7 mg/m2 for the b.i.d. schedule.

title: Oral topotecan given once or twice daily for ten days: a phase I pharmacology study in adult @entity1 with solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Nonhematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize impairment and subsequent recovery of postural control after @entity1566 . Experiments were carried out on @entity95 with three types of lesion--a dorsal (D), lateral (L), or ventral (V) hemisection (HS) at T(12) level. The animals were maintaining equilibrium on a platform periodically tilted in the frontal plane. We assessed the postural limb/trunk configuration from video recordings and postural reflexes in the hindquarters from kinematical and electromyographic (EMG) recordings. We found that for a few days after @entity24053 or LHS, the animals were not able to maintain the dorsal-side-up position of their hindquarters. This ability was then gradually restored, and the dynamic postural reflexes reached the prelesion value within 2-3 wk. By contrast, a VHS almost completely abolished postural reflexes, and they did not recover for > or =7 wk. The @entity24053 , LHS, and VHS caused immediate and slowly compensated changes in the postural limb/trunk configuration as well as gradually developing changes. After @entity24053 , both hind limbs were placed in an abnormal rostral and medial position. After LHS, the limb on the undamaged side was turned inward and occurred at the abnormal medial position; LHS also caused a gradually developing twisting of the caudal trunk. VHS caused gradually developing extension of the ankle and knee joints. These findings show that ventral spinal pathways are of crucial importance for postural control. When a part of these pathways is spared, postural reflexes can be restored rapidly, but not the postural limb/trunk configuration. Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms responsible for @entity51 and their compensation are discussed.

title: Impairment and recovery of postural control in XXXX with spinal cord lesions.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postural deficits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The gamma-proteobacterium @entity5092 is one of the most infectious @entity1 pathogens, and the highly virulent organism @entity5092 . tularensis (type A) and less virulent organism @entity31214 (type B) are most commonly associated with significant disease in @entity1 and animals. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation for a low-passage type B strain (OSU18) isolated from a dead beaver found near Red Rock, Okla., in 1978. A comparison of the @entity31214 sequence with that of @entity24233 (P. Larsson et al., Nat. Genet. 37:153-159, 2005) highlighted genetic differences that may underlie different pathogenicity phenotypes and the evolutionary relationship between type A and type B strains. Despite extensive DNA sequence identity, the most significant difference between type A and type B isolates is the striking amount of genomic rearrangement that exists between the strains. All but two rearrangements can be attributed to homologous recombination occurring between two prominent insertion elements, ISFtu1 and ISFtu2. Numerous pseudogenes have been found in the genomes and are likely contributors to the difference in virulence between the strains. In contrast, no rearrangements have been observed between the OSU18 genome and the genome of the type B live vaccine strain (LVS), and only 448 polymorphisms have been found within non-transposase-coding sequences whose homologs are intact in OSU18. Nonconservative differences between the two strains likely include the LVS attenuating mutation(s).

title: Chromosome rearrangement and diversification of XXXX revealed by the type B (OSU18) genome sequence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp', 'Francisella tularensis']

entities_list: @entity31214 :: ('119857', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp. holarctica']

entities_list: @entity24233 :: ('177416', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain Schu4']

answer: @entity5092 :: (263,Species) :: ['Francisella tularensis']


abstract: We have used microdialysis to measure the in vivo level of @entity669 hydroxylation in hippocampus of the freely moving @entity35 . An inhibitor of @entity9750 decarboxylase, @entity19636 , was administered through the dialysis probe and the resulting accumulation of @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ) in extracellular fluid of hippocampus was quantified. Administration of the @entity669 hydroxylase inhibitor, @entity8490 , decreased extracellular @entity9191 to undetectable level. In addition, both systemic and local application of @entity1338 , an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, produced a decrease in extracellular @entity9191 . In response to acute tail shock, a significant increase in extracellular @entity9191 was observed. Thus, it appears that in vivo accumulation of @entity9191 after local administration of @entity19636 provides a reliable index of hippocampal @entity669 hydroxylation. We have used this technique to investigate whether prior exposure to chronic stress alters the in vivo level of @entity669 hydroxylation in hippocampus under basal conditions as well as in response to a novel stressor. In @entity35 previously exposed to chronic cold stress, the basal accumulation of extracellular @entity9191 did not differ from naive controls. Acute tail shock, however, produced a significantly greater and more prolonged elevation in extracellular @entity9191 of chronically stressed @entity35 . These data suggest that enhanced biosynthetic capacity of noradrenergic terminals may be one mechanism underlying adaptation to chronic stress.

title: Enhanced @entity669 hydroxylation in hippocampus of chronically stressed XXXX upon exposure to a novel stressor.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity9191 :: ('MESH:D004295', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine', 'DOPA']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Pretreatment factors of prognostic value were sought in 54 consecutively treated cases of @entity3052 . Twenty of 37 @entity1 with a good (greater than 50%) pretreatment Karnofsky performance status (P.S.) achieved complete remission (C.R.), while only 1/17 with a poor P.S. achieved C.R. This difference was highly significant (p=0.004). Complete remissions correlated with a median survival of 21 months. @entity1 with a good P.S. had a median survival of 8 months, while those with a poor P.S. had a median survival of only 1 month. This difference was also highly significant (p less than 0.002). Older @entity1 with a good P.S. did as well as younger @entity1 . The P.S., although imprecise, undoubtedly reflects the extent to which the disease, as well as intercurrent problems, have affected the @entity1 . Attention to this aspect of @entity1 selection for current drug regimens is indicated.

title: Prognosis in XXXX related to performance status and other factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['adult acute myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['adult acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: @entity6739 isp6(+) gene encodes a vacuolar @entity563 protease, which is specifically induced during @entity1568 starvation. An isp6-disruption mutant, isp6Delta, grew normally under normal conditions but was defective in large-scale protein degradation during @entity1568 starvation, a hallmark of autophagy. Vacuoles are the organelles for such drastic protein degradation but those of isp6Delta were apparently aberrant. isp6Delta was infertile under @entity1568 source-free conditions with poor expression of ste11(+), a gene critical for sexual development. A protein kinase A-disruption mutant, pka1Delta, is prone to sexual development because expression of ste11(+) is derepressed. However, isp6Deltapka1Delta still showed defects in ste11(+) expression and sexual development under @entity1568 source-free conditions. isp6Delta and isp6Deltapka1Delta were able to initiate sexual development to produce spores when only a small amount of a @entity1568 source was present. Pat1 protein kinase negatively controls meiosis, and a temperature-sensitive mutant of pat1, pat1-114, initiates meiosis irrespective of ploidy at the restrictive temperature. However, isp6Deltapat1-114 did not start meiosis under @entity1568 source-free conditions even at the restrictive temperature. These observations suggest that isp6(+) contributes to sexual development by providing a @entity1568 source through autophagy.

title: A starvation-specific XXXX protease gene, isp6+, is involved in both autophagy and sexual development in @entity6739 .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity19 mammary carcinoma @entity5 are established more easily and grow larger after sham laparotomy and open bowel resection than after @entity515 @entity516 and laparoscopic-assisted bowel resection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar differences in @entity5 growth would be found when sham laparotomy and @entity516 were compared for the colon-26 @entity19 @entity420 and B-16 @entity19 @entity320 lines. METHODS: In all three studies, a high-dose injection of @entity5 cells was used, which resulted in @entity5 in almost all control @entity19 . In Study 1, female BALB/C @entity19 (n = 127) were injected intradermally in the dorsal skin with 10(6) colon-26 cells in a 0.1-ml volume before interventions. In Study 2, female C57 BL/6 @entity19 (n = 140) were inoculated similarly with 10(6) B-16 @entity320 cells. Study 2 consisted of three separate trials conducted on different days. Study 3 was performed because considerable differences in mean @entity5 size were observed in each of these trials. In Study 3, the B16 experiment was repeated with a larger n (n = 82) on a single day. In each study, after @entity5 cell injections, @entity19 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) anesthesia control (no procedure); 2) full laparotomy (4-cm midline incision x 20 minutes, staple closure); or 3) CO2 @entity516 (4-6 mmHg X 20 minutes). @entity5 were excised and weighed on postoperative day 12. RESULTS: In Studies 1 and 3, mean @entity5 sizes of the laparotomy groups were significantly larger than both the control group and @entity516 group lesions (P values by Student's t-test). In Study 2, laparotomy group @entity5 , although significantly larger than control group lesions, were not significantly larger than @entity516 group @entity5 . For all three studies, there was no significant difference between mean @entity5 sizes of the @entity516 and control groups. CONCLUSION: Both colon-26 @entity420 and @entity320 grow larger after laparotomy than after @entity516 in a @entity19 model. The mechanism of these @entity86 growth differences remains to be elucidated.

title: Colon adenocarcinoma and B-16 @entity320 grow larger following laparotomy vs. XXXX in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mouse', 'murine', 'mouse']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor', 'B-16 melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extralevator abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low @entity5 has been adopted by centers to improve oncological outcome. The present study aimed to investigate oncological results, wound complications, and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent extralevator APR for @entity5 between 2007 and 2011 were identified retrospectively. QoL status was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-CR30 and CR29 questionnaires. RESULTS: Thirty laparoscopic (n = 7) or open (n = 23) extralevator APRs were performed in 17 male and 13 female @entity1 . The mortality was zero; circumferential margin involvement occurred in two cases (6.7 %); and there was no bowel perforation. No local recurrence was noted after a median follow-up of 28.3 months; however, six @entity1 died, and eight developed distant metastases. Perineal wound complications were found in 46.6 % of @entity1 , and all were managed conservatively. Fifty percent of the @entity1 reported persistent perineal @entity158 at the follow-up exam. QoL was assessed 7 to 46 months after surgery, and the global health status (70.6) was comparable to the EORTC reference group and published conventional APR series. The QLQ-CR29 module revealed high mean symptom scores for urinary frequency (48.1), @entity322 (30.5), and @entity323 (79.1). CONCLUSIONS: Extralevator APR can control local recurrence but not distant metastases of low @entity5 . The extended perineal resection appears not to decrease general QoL, but it results in a high rate of perineal wound complications. Genitourinary functions are often impaired, even in the long term, and further improvements to the technique must seek to reduce genitourinary harm.

title: Results of extralevator abdominoperineal resection for low XXXX including quality of life and long-term wound complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reported mortality of @entity1 suffering from @entity63 is in the range of 10% to 30%, as is the incidence of amputation in the survivors. MAIN PURPOSE: The evaluation of the pulse spray thrombolysis (PST) role in the treatment of acute extremity @entity63 originating from @entity715 or @entity887 of native artery or bypass graft. The comparison of PST with low dose technique thrombolysis (LD), thrombectomy (TE) and embolectomy (EE). METHODS: Ninety nine consecutive @entity1 were evaluated during a two year interval (1994-1996). PST, resp. LD, TE and EE were the method of choice in 22, resp. 11, 35 and 31 @entity1 of average age 58.3 +/- 13.7; resp. 60.0 +/- 8.9; 74.2 +/- 11.7; 76.9 +/- 9.3 years. The native artery was occluded in 15 (68.2%), resp. 8 (72.7%), 31 (88.6%) and 30 (96.8%) @entity1 with PST, resp. LD, TE and EE treatment. The vascular reconstruction was occluded in the rest of the cases. The lower limb extremity arteries were occluded in 20 (90.9%) of @entity1 indicated for PST, 10 (90.9%) for LD, 33 (94.3%) for TE and 26 (83.9%) for EE. The contraindication for local fibrinolysis was severely ischemic limb in which viability was imminently threatened. RESULTS: PST was successful in 19 (86.4%), LD in seven (63.4%), TE in 13 (37.1) and EE in 27 (87.1%) @entity1 . The failure of procedure required amputation in one @entity1 (4.5%) with PST, one (9.1%) with LD, nine (25.7%) with TE-p < 0.001 and two (6.5%) with EE. The mortality was 4.5% (one @entity1 ), resp. 0%, 28.6% (10 @entity1 )-p < 0.001 and 3.2% (one @entity1 ) in PST, resp. LD, TE and EE. The long term results were better if the successful local fibrinolysis was combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), stent implantation or small vascular reconstruction. CONCLUSION: PST is the method of choice in the treatment of @entity6650 of native artery or bypass graft in condition of good limb viability where there is no danger of time delay. EE is indicated in limb @entity887 where the viability of extremity is threatened. Thrombectomy alone has no place in the treatment of artery or bypass graft @entity715 .

title: [Role of pulse spray thrombolysis in acute XXXX of the extremities--comparison of results with the low dose technique of local thrombolysis, embolectomy and thrombectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic or embolic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Currently, several topical scabicides are available but there is yet no oral or parenteral drug which has been established for the treatment of @entity1908 in Nigeria. @entity3070 which is a modified avermectin, known to be an ectoparasiticidal agent in animals, has been used in adults for systemic @entity8143 . In Nigeria, 25% @entity20872 is being extensively used for the treatment of @entity1908 in adults. It is effective and readily available. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity3070 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1908 at the skin clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity1908 were recruited for the study; 13 (22.4%) were @entity1 aged between 5-14 years. Oral @entity3070 was given in a single dose of 200 [microg/kg body weight to 29 @entity1 . The remaining 29 @entity1 had to apply 25% @entity20872 emulsion. All @entity1 received a full physical and dermatological examination prior to onset of treatment and weekly for 4 weeks. Skin scrapings were taken to confirm the diagnosis of @entity1908 . There was a 93% resolution of pruritus with @entity3070 and 48% with @entity20872 . No side effects were observed with @entity3070 . Our results show that oral @entity3070 is a promising, effective and safe alternative in both @entity1 and adults of Nigeria when compared to 25% @entity20872 topical application.

title: Successful treatment of XXXX with oral @entity3070 in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin', 'Ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20872 :: ('MESH:C006723', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl benzoate']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

answer: @entity1908 :: (MESH:D012532,Disease) :: ['scabies']