abstract: The main goal of hormonotherapy in management of locally advanced or metastatic @entity263 is the control over the progression of the @entity5 rather than a possible benefit to the @entity75 . Nevertheless during hormonal treatment an evident decrease of prostatic volume can often be noted even though its clinical meaning has rarely been investigated. In order to evaluate a possible correlation between local modifications and prognosis, a retrospective analysis of a group of @entity1 on hormonotherapy was performed. From March 1987 to March 1991, 98 @entity1 with clinical stage C and @entity263 were treated. Fifty two of them were considered eligible for assessing local response because they had had neither surgery nor radiotherapy over the prostate; moreover their pre-treatment prostatic volume, as assessed by US scan, exceeded 22 ml. Out of these @entity1 24 were given Goserelin every 4 weeks and the remaining 28 added @entity12194 at the dose of 750 mg per day. The prostatic volume was assessed quarterly and considered as response if decreased more than 35% of pretreatment value or as progression if increased over 25% of immediately previous value. In both cases the result needed to be confirmed three months later, but it was registered when first observed. After a mean follow-up of 32.4 +/- 18.7 months a local response occurred in 44 @entity1 (84.6%) during a period ranging 3 to 18 months. Eight @entity1 did not show a prostatic volume decrease and 4 suffered of local progression. In these latter cases the local progression coincided with distant progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical significance of the local response to XXXX during hormonotherapy].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['D2 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: We conducted a phase I clinical trial of a new combination of @entity3118 and @entity1311 in which 19 @entity1 with histologically confirmed recurrent low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were treated at five dose levels. @entity3118 was administered intravenously by bolus for 5 days and @entity1311 was given by intravenous (I.V.) continuous infusion for 96 or 72 hours starting day 1. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. @entity1 whose disease responded received a maximum of six courses. All 19 @entity1 received at least one course and could be evaluated for toxic effects, and 18 @entity1 could be evaluated for response. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 20 mg/m2/day I.V. bolus for 5 days of @entity3118 plus 60 mg/m2/day I.V. of @entity1311 given as a continuous infusion over 72 hours. The limiting toxic effect was @entity221 , which was observed in five of the seven @entity1 treated at the highest dose level. Grade 3 non-hematologic toxic effects of @entity3136 (14%), @entity16 (14%), and @entity551 (14%) were also observed at the highest dose level. No grade 4 non-hematologic toxic effects or treatment-related @entity204 occurred. One @entity1 had herpes @entity281 of the skin 1 year after the completion of therapy. The overall response rate was 50%, with the two @entity1 whose disease completely responded remaining disease free at 22 and 17 months. @entity1 with no prior exposure to either @entity1311 or @entity3118 had 62% response rate. We conclude that the combination of @entity3118 and @entity1311 appears to have promising activity for the treatment of recurrent low-grade @entity1893 .

title: Phase I study of XXXX and @entity1311 for the treatment of low-grade @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['zoster infection']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: Molecular mechanisms of salt-sensitive (SS) @entity101 related to @entity8 have not been defined. We seek to determine whether a @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) diet induces renal activation of NF-kappaB and upregulation of @entity1505 related to the development of @entity101 in Dahl SS @entity35 . Six 8-wk-old male Dahl SS @entity35 received a @entity1702 diet (4%), and six Dahl SS @entity35 received a low- @entity1372 diet (LS, 0.3%) for 5 wk. In the end, mean arterial pressure was determined in conscious @entity35 by continuous monitoring through a catheter placed in the carotid artery. Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the @entity1702 than the LS group (177.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 109.4 +/- 2.9 mmHg, P < 0.001). There was a significant increase in urinary albumin secretion in the @entity1702 group compared with the LS group (22.3 +/- 2.6 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.7 mg/day; P < 0.001). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that the binding activity of NF-kappaB p65 proteins in the kidneys of Dahl SS @entity35 was significantly increased by 53% in the @entity1702 group compared with the LS group (P = 0.007). ELISA indicated that renal protein levels of @entity1505 , but not @entity568 , @entity3692 , and @entity44249 , were significantly higher in the @entity1702 than the LS group (2.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.2 pg/mg; P = 0.036). We demonstrated that plasma levels of @entity1505 were significantly increased by fivefold in Dahl SS @entity35 on a @entity1702 diet compared with a LS diet. Also, we found that increased physiologically relevant @entity1372 concentration (10 mmol/l) directly stimulated NF-kappaB activation in cultured @entity1 renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of NF-kappaB and upregulation of @entity1505 are the important renal mechanisms linking proinflammatory response to SS @entity101 .

title: Renal NF-kappaB activation and @entity1505 upregulation correlate with salt-sensitive @entity101 in Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. However, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that treatment of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with PB90, a protein elicitor from Phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) and @entity842 (NO), subsequently followed by the enhancement of @entity17891 production and up-regulation of Str and Tdc, two important genes in @entity17891 biosynthesis. PB90-induced @entity17891 production and the gene expression were suppressed by the @entity2272 inhibitor and NO scavenger respectively, showing that @entity2272 and NO are essential for the elicitor-induced @entity17891 biosynthesis. The relationship between @entity2272 and NO in mediating @entity17891 biosynthesis was further investigated. Treatment of the cells with @entity2272 triggered NO accumulation and induced @entity17891 production and up-regulation of Str and Tdc. @entity2272 -induced @entity17891 production and gene expressions were suppressed by the NO scavenger. Conversely, exogenous application of NO did not stimulate @entity2272 generation and treatment with @entity2272 inhibitor did not suppress NO-induced @entity17891 production and gene expressions. Together, the results showed that both NO and @entity2272 were involved in PB90-induced @entity17891 biosynthesis of C. roseus cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that @entity2272 acted upstream of NO in the signaling cascade leading to PB90-induced @entity17891 biosynthesis of C. roseus cells.

title: Interaction between @entity2271 and XXXX in PB90-induced @entity17891 biosynthesis of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity17891 :: ('MESH:C017836', 'Chemical') :: ['catharanthine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical procedures and results for treating the nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 combined with @entity14209 in adolescents. METHODS: From June 2004 to October 2006, 5 @entity1 with nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 and @entity14209 were treated, including 3 males and 2 females aged 8-17 years old. Three cases received external fixation for 2-3 weeks in other hospital, while 2 cases were misdiagnosed as soft tissue injury. The @entity1 were hospitalized after they were diagnosed with nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 and @entity14209 4-12 years after injury. Preoperatively, the angle of @entity85 was 25-55 degrees (average 44.8 degrees), and the elbow motion range of flexion and extension was 135-140 degrees (average 139 degrees) and 0-20 degrees (average 7 degrees), respectively. One case with the symptoms of @entity3165 was diagnosed as incomplete @entity3165 . The time between admission to hospital and operation was 3-7 days. All the @entity1 were treated with wedge shaped supracondylar osteotomy of the distal aspect of humerus and humerus lateral column reconstruction. Regular follow-up was conducted after operation and the elbow function was evaluated according to the scale system of Jupiter et al. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention and all the cases were followed up for 14-28 months (average 20 months). X-ray films revealed that bone union was attained in all the 5 cases, among which the bone union at the supracondylar osteotomy site was reached 5-8 weeks after operation (average 6 weeks) and the bone union at the lateral column reconstruction site was reached 3-6 months after operation. The @entity85 was corrected in all the cases. At latest follow-up, the flexion motion of the elbow was 100-135 degrees (average 121 degrees), and the extension range was 0-30 degrees (average 13 degrees), the angle of postoperative @entity85 was - 5-10 degrees (average 2 degrees). According to the system of Jupiter et al, 2 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good and 1 case was fair. One @entity1 and symptoms of radial nerve traction injury after operation and achieved complete recovery 3 months later; and 1 case suffering from @entity3165 before operation recovered 6 months after operation. No other complications occurred. CONCLUSION: It is effective to use wedge-shaped supracondylar osteotomy of the distal aspect of the humerus and lateral column reconstruction through internal fixation to treat the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle @entity174 combined with @entity14209 .

title: [Supracondylar osteotomy and lateral column reconstruction for the treatment of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 nonunion with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuritis', 'injury of ulnar nerve']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity14209 :: ('MESH:C564510', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus deformity', 'deformity of cubitus valgus']

answer: @entity14209 :: (MESH:C564510,Disease) :: ['cubitus valgus']


abstract: Fish oil, which is rich in @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), has been found to have immunomodulatory effects. We examined whether administration of purified @entity8393 affected survival of fully mismatched @entity19 cardiac allografts. Hearts from C57BL/10 (H-2(b)) @entity19 were transplanted into @entity11643 (H-2(k)) recipients treated with one intraperitoneal dose of purified @entity8393 the day of transplantation. Untreated CBA recipients and recipients given 0.1 g/kg of @entity8393 rejected C57BL/10 hearts ( @entity1349 [ @entity1349 ], 8 and 13 days, respectively). With a 1.0 g/kg dose of @entity8393 , graft survival was markedly prolonged ( @entity1349 >100 days). To determine whether regulatory cells were generated, na  ve @entity19 (secondary recipients) underwent adoptive transfer of splenocytes from @entity8393 -treated primary recipients and cardiac allograft transplantation. Adoptive transfer of whole, @entity1961 (+) and @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) splenocytes from @entity8393 -treated recipients induced indefinite survival in secondary recipients. Flow cytometry showed that the @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) cells were @entity3744 (+). In reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies, the expression of @entity12097 ( @entity12097 ) mRNA was upregulated by @entity8393 treatment. A @entity12097 antagonist abrogated the prolongation of graft survival induced by @entity8393 treatment ( @entity1349 , 13 days). Thus, in our model, purified @entity8393 induced prolonged survival of fully mismatched cardiac allografts and generated regulatory T cells dependent on @entity12097 activation.

title: Purified XXXX induces prolonged survival of cardiac allografts and generates regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Listeriosis can cause severe disease, especially in fetuses, neonates, older adults, and @entity1 with certain immunocompromising and chronic conditions. We summarize US population-based surveillance data for invasive listeriosis from 2004 through 2009. METHODS: We analyzed @entity6766 Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data for @entity1 with @entity5125 isolated from normally sterile sites. We describe the epidemiology of listeriosis, estimate overall and specific incidence rates, and compare pregnancy-associated and nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis by age and ethnicity. RESULTS: A total of 762 listeriosis cases were identified during the 6-year reporting period, including 126 pregnancy-associated cases (17%), 234 nonpregnancy-associated cases(31%) in @entity1 aged <65 years, and 400 nonpregnancy-associated cases (53%) in @entity1 aged >=  65 years. Eighteen percent of all cases were fatal. @entity693 was diagnosed in 44% of neonates. For 2004-2009, the overall annual incidence of listeriosis varied from 0.25 to 0.32 cases per 100,000 population. Among Hispanic @entity1 , the crude incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 5.09 to 12.37 cases per 100,000 for the periods of 2004-2006 and 2007-2009, respectively; among non-Hispanic @entity1 , pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 1.74 to 2.80 cases per 100,000 for the same periods. Incidence rates of nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis in @entity1 aged >=  65 years were 4-5 times greater than overall rates annually. CONCLUSIONS: Overall listeriosis incidence did not change significantly from 2004 through 2009. Further targeted prevention is needed, including food safety education and messaging (eg, avoiding Mexican-style cheese during pregnancy). Effective prevention among pregnant @entity1 , especially Hispanics, and older adults would substantially affect overall rates.

title: Invasive listeriosis in the XXXX Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004-2009: further targeted prevention needed for higher-risk groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['Foodborne Diseases']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['Foodborne Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is a rare but a highly lethal malignancy. The incidence of @entity420 in particular is increasing in the Western world. Despite improvements in staging, perioperative care and the use of adjuvant/neoadjuvant regimen the prognosis remains poor. METHODS: All @entity1 who had biopsy-proven @entity189 between the years 1992 and 2004 in the Wellington region, New Zealand, were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity5 characteristics, operation details, complications and the details of hospital stay of @entity1 who had had a resection were recorded in a database . Survival data were recovered from the notes, hospital database or general practitioner records and were available for all @entity1 who had surgery. Survival analyses were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-one @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity189 during the study period (59% @entity420 , 32% @entity957 ). Only 35% (n = 67) had a resection (81% @entity420 , 13% @entity957 ). Fifty-one (77%) had an Ivor Lewis procedure, 9 (14%) had only a laparotomy and 6 (9%) had a laparotomy, right thoracotomy and cervical incision. Forty-six (70%) @entity5 were in the distal third of the oesophagus and 13 (20%) were at the oesophagogastric junction. Perioperative mortality was 10% (n = 7) and @entity834 rate 9% (n = 6). Five-year survival was 23%. CONCLUSION: Results from our institution for the resection of @entity5 compare favourably with those in the published work. Staging with computed tomography and laparoscopy has resulted in acceptable resection and survival rates. Survival for this disease is still largely stage dependent and earlier diagnosis probably holds the key to improved prognosis.

title: Outcomes after oesophagogastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'personal and tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the oesophagus', 'oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: The effect of ovine PRL (oPRL) on @entity99 factor I ( @entity2135 ) gene expression was examined in the hypophysectomized (hypox) @entity35 and compared with that seen in hypox @entity35 treated with ovine GH (oGH) and @entity1 GH (hGH). A single injection of oPRL (100 micrograms/100 g BW) resulted in a 15-fold increase in hepatic @entity2135 messenger RNA abundance 12 h after administration. Serum @entity2135 increased from 82.9 +/- (SE) 9.0 to 137.0 +/- 15.4 ng/ml. In acute studies, where the slopes of 4-point dose-response curves were compared, oPRL was approximately 50% as potent as oGH in stimulating serum @entity2135 and hepatic @entity2135 messenger RNA accumulation. In chronic experiments, where a single daily injection of oPRL (0, 10, 30, or 90 micrograms/day) was administered for 10 days, a significant increase in body wt was observed at each dose. However, in contrast to hypox @entity35 which received oGH, no dose-response relationship was apparent, and oPRL was less than 10% as potent as oGH in this regard. A small but significant increase in serum @entity2135 and hepatic @entity2135 expression was observed in hypox @entity35 chronically injected with oPRL when killed 6-7 h after the final injection. However, by extrapolation from the hGH dose-response curves, oPRL was 6.8% and 22.7% as potent as hGH in stimulating serum @entity2135 and hepatic @entity2135 accumulation respectively. The observations reported here demonstrate that oPRL has significant somatogenic activity in the @entity35 as determined by the three variables measured. Whereas oPRL had significant effects on body @entity1017 , serum @entity2135 and hepatic @entity2135 expression, the potency of oPRL by comparison with the two other somatogenic hormones was more marked in acute experiments compared to the effects seen after chronic administration. These results suggest that oPRL, like @entity1 GH, has both somatogenic and lactogenic activity in the @entity35 and therefore may be an inappropriate control in studies of the effects of somatogenic hormones in the @entity35 .

title: Stimulation of XXXX factor-I gene expression by ovine prolactin: evidence for intrinsic somatogenic activity in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin-like growth']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic insulin-like growth']


abstract: 1. Increased urinary albumin excretion is common in @entity1 with essential @entity101 and is at least to some extent correlated with prevailing blood pressure levels. However, the generalized @entity455 present in advanced @entity731 may independently influence this parameter. 2. To evaluate this possibility, we assessed blood pressure, ultrasonographic carotid thickness, cardiac mass, minimum forearm vascular resistances, metabolic parameters and the @entity1289 genotype in @entity1 with untreated essential @entity101 and @entity1095 (n = 11). The results were compared with similar data obtained in matched groups of @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity101 and with normotensive control subjects (n = 11 per group). 3. Urinary albumin excretion was higher in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity731 than in those without complications; carotid thickness was higher in @entity731 @entity1 and a positive, statistically significant correlation existed between this parameter and urinary albumin excretion. In the same @entity1 group, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin and @entity1674 levels were elevated and correlated with urinary albumin levels. However, differences in urinary albumin excretion persisted after taking into account the influence of those parameters by analysis of covariance. The distribution of @entity1289 genotype patterns and values of cardiac mass and minimum forearm vascular resistances did not differ significantly among the experimental groups. 4. The data suggest that vascular status may influence urinary albumin excretion in @entity1 with essential @entity101 , while confirming the importance of systolic blood pressure levels as a determinant of the raised urinary albumin excretion.

title: Urinary albumin excretion and XXXX in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous twin studies have supported a genetic contribution to the major categories of @entity914 , but few of these have employed operational diagnostic criteria, and no such study has been based on a sample that included the full range of functional @entity914 . METHODS: A total of 224 twin probands (106 monozygotic, 118 dizygotic) with a same-sex co-twin and a lifetime history of @entity716 was ascertained from the service-based Maudsley Twin Register in London, England. Research Diagnostic Criteria @entity716 diagnoses were made on a lifetime-ever basis. Main-lifetime diagnoses of DSM-III-R and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision @entity161 were also made. Probandwise concordance rates and correlations in liability were calculated, and biometrical model fitting applied. RESULTS: A substantial genetic contribution to variance in liability was confirmed for the major diagnostic categories except Research Diagnostic Criteria @entity308 and unspecified functional @entity716 , where familial transmission was confirmed, but the relative contribution of genetic and common environmental factors was unclear. Heritability estimates for Research Diagnostic Criteria @entity161 , @entity914 , @entity162 , DSM-III-R @entity161 , and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision @entity161 were all between 82% and 85%. None of the estimates differed significantly from any other. CONCLUSIONS: Heritability estimates for @entity161 , @entity914 , and @entity162 were substantial and similar. Population morbid risk estimates were inferred rather than directly measured, but the results were very similar to those from studies where morbid risks were directly estimated.

title: Heritability estimates for XXXX : the Maudsley twin @entity716 series.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: Living with a @entity1 with a disability can affect family life in various domains. Impacts on time, expenses, work, relationships within the family, social relationships and physical and psychological health can be observed. The @entity717 ( @entity717 ) is a specific instrument designed to assess this situation. Used in a cross-sectional survey, this questionnaire was extended to consider two missing aspects: impact on work and health ( @entity717 +4). This paper addresses the psychometric qualities of the @entity717 in Europe among parents living with an adolescent with @entity306 . Expecting the @entity717 +4 could assess detailed impact dimensions, an exploratory analysis was conducted. We interviewed 242 families of 13- to 17-year-old adolescents with @entity306 living in Europe. Good psychometric properties were found in negative and positive @entity717 scales and in six underlying factors extracted from exploratory factor analysis on @entity717 +4. These results support the psychometric validity of the @entity717 in the assessment of the impact of disability in European families who live with an adolescent with @entity306 . They also highlight the multifaceted aspects of the impact of childhood disability on the family and suggest that the @entity717 +4 is a good tool for assessing specific negative impacts on time, finances, work, social relationships and positive impacts on parental feeling and family attitude. This scale needs further validation and could be helpful for research and clinical interventions.

title: Measuring the concept of impact of childhood disability on parents: validation of a multidimensional measurement in a XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['FICD', 'Family Impact of Childhood Disability']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: It would be important to estimate in advance the risk of recurrent @entity715 . Deficiencies of @entity5582 , protein C or protein S, or resistance to activated protein C are associated with a biochemically detectable prethrombotic state. It is thus far unknown whether in @entity1 with a history of @entity1031 but without a defined clotting abnormality a heightened coagulation activation is detectable. We investigated the value of prothrombin fragment @entity6343 ( @entity6343 ) as a predictor of recurrent @entity1211 . Furthermore, we compared the @entity6343 levels of @entity715 @entity1 without a defined clotting defect to those of @entity5337 @entity1 with a history of @entity49 and to those of healthy controls. 180 @entity1 without a defined clotting abnormality and 73 @entity1 with @entity5337 were prospectively followed after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants for @entity49 and @entity6343 was measured at regular intervals. Recurrent @entity1211 occurred in 23 (9%) of the 253 @entity1 . Before or at several time points after oral anticoagulants, no significant difference in @entity6343 levels was found in @entity1 with and without recurrent @entity715 . @entity6343 levels at 3 weeks and prior to recurrence were not significantly different in both @entity1 groups. Over a one-year observation period, @entity6343 levels of both @entity1 with and without @entity5337 were higher than those of the controls. No difference in @entity6343 was seen between @entity1 with and without @entity5337 . We conclude that monitoring of @entity6343 is not suitable for identification of individuals at risk of recurrent @entity49 . Permanent hemostatic system activation is detectable both in @entity1 with a defined abnormality of the clotting system and in @entity1 in whom a particular defect has not (yet) been identified.

title: Prothrombin fragment XXXX is not predictive for recurrent @entity1211 .

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity6343 :: (2161,Gene) :: ['F1+2']


abstract: A comprehensive evaluation of myelination during normal @entity1 development is essential to understand the pathology of @entity62 . The present study establishes quantitative values for normal oligodendrocyte-specific gene expression during the early stages of myelination in the @entity1 fetal spinal cord. Complementary techniques of Northern and immunoblotting were used to determine relative amounts of oligodendrocyte-specific mRNAs and proteins between 12 and 24 gestational weeks. Values were determined for myelin basic protein, 2',3'-cyclic @entity377 3'-phosphodiesterase, and proteolipid protein. The relative amount of @entity10838 mRNA was also estimated. To compare gene expression between glial cell types, the relative amounts of mRNA and protein were determined for @entity538 ( @entity538 ), a cell-type specific marker for astrocytes. All oligodendrocyte-specific genes expressed similar developmental kinetics. Between 12 and 15 gestational weeks, less than a five-fold increase was detected in the expression of these genes and their protein products. Between 15 and 22 gestational weeks, the relative amounts of mRNA and protein for the myelin genes increased more than 80-fold. The kinetics of @entity538 expression were similar to those of the myelin-associated genes. Absolute values for the increase in mass of the @entity1 fetal spinal cord were also obtained. These results provide data that may aid in the neuropathologic assessment and characterization of @entity17 in the preterm, neonatal, and pediatric spinal cord.

title: Oligodendrocyte gene expression in the XXXX fetal spinal cord during the second trimester of gestation.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin disorders']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity10838 :: ('4099', 'Gene') :: ['myelin-associated glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases of white matter']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity706 with high-dose chemotherapy and marrow or peripheral stem-cell rescue improves prognosis. A second course of myeloablative chemotherapy has been given to some @entity1 , but few data are available on the indications, morbidity, and overall survival associated with this approach. This study was undertaken to evaluate morbidity and identify subgroups of @entity1 who may benefit from a second transplant. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity706 given two cycles of myeloablative chemotherapy and entered onto the European Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant (EBMT) registry between 1982 and 1995 were included in this study: @entity978 ( @entity978 ), n = 12; @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), n = 17; and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), n = 5. The reason for second transplant, status at transplant, conditioning regimen, morbidity, and both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS: The second procedure was performed for the following reasons: (1) elective double procedure in four @entity1 , (2) relapse after first transplant in 20, (3) partial remission (PR) after first transplant in eight, and (4) refractory disease after first transplant in two. The OS rate at 2 years for @entity1 who underwent two transplants (estimated from the date of second transplant) was 49%, with a median follow-up time of 44 months. The OS rate at 2 years by histologic subtype was as follows; @entity978 , 50%; @entity1893 , 60%; and @entity1893 , 0%. Seven of 15 @entity1 with @entity978 or @entity1893 who relapsed after they had achieved a posttransplant complete remission (CR) remain in CR 13 to 36 months after the second transplant, compared with two of 10 @entity1 in CR (at 6 and 19 months after second transplant) who achieved a PR or had refractory disease after the first transplant. There were eight deaths (24%) before 3 months, of which three (9%) were transplant-related and the remainder due to persistent disease. Three late toxic deaths occurred: two of @entity65 and one of secondary @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: Selected @entity1 with @entity978 and @entity1893 whose disease recurs after one transplant may benefit from a second transplant. @entity1 with refractory disease and @entity1893 did not benefit from a second transplant.

title: Role of a second transplant in the management of XXXX : a report from the European Blood and Bone Marrow Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'poor-prognosis lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['LG-NHL', "low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'HG-NHL', "intermediate/high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['poor-prognosis lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate differences in outcome between @entity1 treated with successful strict, failed strict, and lenient rate control. BACKGROUND: The RACE II (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent @entity955 ) study showed no difference in outcome between lenient and strict rate control in @entity1 with permanent @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, in the strict group not all @entity1 achieved the pre-defined heart rate target. METHODS: The primary outcome was a composite of @entity65 and mortality. For the current analysis outcome events were analyzed from end of the dose-adjustment phase until end of follow-up (median 2.9 years [interquartile range: 2.4 to 3.0 years]). Of 614 @entity1 , 608 completed the dose-adjustment phase-301 in the strict (resting heart rate <80 beats/min, and during moderate exercise <110 beats/min) and 307 in the lenient group (resting heart rate <110 beats/min). In the strict group, 203 of 301 @entity1 achieved the rate control target, and 98 failed. RESULTS: Heart rate was different after the dose-adjustment phase between the successful strict (72    7 beats/min), failed strict (86    14 beats/min), and lenient (93    8 beats/min) group (p < 0.001) and remained significantly different during follow-up. The primary outcome was reached in 27 of 203 (14.2% KM estimate) in the successful strict versus 14 of 98 (15%) in the failed strict versus 35 of 307 (12.1%) in the lenient group (p = 0.5). The components of the primary outcome and quality of life were similar in the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with permanent @entity955 , successful strict rate control does not improve outcome. Therefore, lenient rate control might be frontline therapy.

title: Rate control efficacy in permanent XXXX : successful and failed strict rate control against a background of lenient rate control: data from RACE II (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent @entity955 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Both chronic stress conditions and hyperergic reaction to environmental stress are known to enhance @entity5 susceptibility. We described two @entity19 lines that displayed high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced @entity1337 (SSIA) to investigate the relationship between inherited differences in sensitivity to stress and proneness to an increased growth rate of subcutaneously inoculated @entity320 . These lines display several genetic and physiological differences, among which distinct sensitivity to mutagens and susceptibility to @entity5 are especially noticeable. High analgesic @entity19 display high proneness both to stress and a rapid local spread of B16F0 @entity320 . However, stress-resistant LA @entity19 do not develop @entity320 after inoculation, or if so, @entity5 regress spontaneously. We found that the chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure leads to enhanced interlinear differences in @entity320 susceptibility. @entity5 developed faster in stress conditions in both lines. However, LA @entity19 still displayed a tendency for spontaneous regression, and 50% of LA @entity19 did not develop a @entity5 , even under stressed conditions. Moreover, we showed that chronic stress, but not @entity5 progression, induces @entity146 , which may be an important clue in @entity5 therapy. Our results clearly indicate how the interaction between genetic susceptibility to stress and environmental stress determine the risk and progression of @entity320 . To our knowledge, HA/LA @entity19 lines are the first animal models of distinct @entity320 progression mediated by inherited differences in stress reactivity.

title: Chronic mild stress facilitates @entity320 growth in @entity19 lines selected for high and low stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Immunohistochemical studies were performed using specific polyclonal antibodies to @entity2533 and @entity6474 to determine their presence and cellular localization in @entity1 ovarian tissues of various reproductive states. In the small ovarian follicles, the immunostaining for @entity2533 was present in oocytes, follicle cells, and granulosa and theca cell layers. The level of immunostaining associated with granulosa and theca cell layers intensified as the size of the follicles increased. In the luteal tissue, both the small and large luteal cells immunostained for @entity2533 and their intensities were similar to theca and granulosa cell layers, respectively. The patterns of immunostaining were similar in early (days 14-19), mid (days 22-25), and late (days 26-29) luteal phases; however, the intensity was highest at mid and decreased at late luteal phase. Corpus albicans showed a very weak immunostaining for @entity2533 , whereas ectopic pregnancy small luteal cells immunostained relatively intensely. The ovarian stromal, luteal tissue fibroblasts, and arterioles endothelial and smooth muscle cells were also immunostained for @entity2533 . The immunostaining of the ovarian tissues for @entity6474 indicated that the theca cell layers were the exclusive cells in the follicles with intense immunostaining, which increased in the larger follicles. A low immunostaining was also observed in granulosa cell of the large follicles. In the luteal tissues, only small luteal cells showed intense immunostaining for @entity6474 , which was similar in intensity to that in the theca cells; however, the large luteal cells showed a low level of immunostaining at midluteal phase. The small luteal cells in corpus albicans and ectopic pregnancy luteal tissues retained their immunostaining for @entity6474 , but with lower intensity. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells of arterioles also immunostained for @entity6474 , but not ovarian stromal cells. Atretic follicles showed very low or no detectable immunostaining for @entity2533 or @entity6474 . The results of present studies show that @entity1 ovarian tissue at all the reproductive states locally produces @entity2533 and @entity6474 , and although @entity2533 is present in most major ovarian cell types, @entity6474 is only produced by theca cells in the follicles and small luteal cells in luteal tissues.

title: Presence of @entity2533 and their selective cellular localization in XXXX ovarian tissue of various reproductive stages.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies on @entity5229 reported variable recurrence rates, but they were based on heterogeneous @entity1 populations including secondary pneumothorax. We investigated young @entity1 with @entity5229 exclusively and used a national registry to track readmissions and calculate independent predictors of recurrence. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of consecutive young @entity1 who were admitted over a 5-year period with their first episode of @entity5229 and treated conservatively with a chest tube. Baseline characteristics were obtained from questionnaires presented on admittance. All @entity1 were discharged with fully expanded lungs on chest radiography. @entity1 charts were identified in the national electronic @entity1 registry for detailed information on readmissions due to recurrent @entity5229 . RESULTS: We included 234 @entity1 . Male/female  =  ratio 5/1. After a median observation period of 3.6  years (range 1-6  years), recurrent pneumothorax was observed in 54  %. Ipsilateral recurrence was the most common (79  %) but 30  % also experienced contralateral pneumothorax during the study period. Females had a significantly higher age at debut (p  <  0.01) and experienced significantly more recurrences over time (p  <  0.01). Low body weight (<60  kg) was an independent predictor of recurrence and @entity1 with repeated recurrences were significantly younger at debut (p  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5229 in younger @entity1 with their first episode had a much higher recurrence rate than previously reported. Every doctor who treats @entity1 with @entity5229 should be aware and @entity1 informed.

title: Recurrent XXXX is Common Following Chest Tube and Conservative Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax', 'Primary spontaneous pneumothorax', 'primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study was to assess the impact of @entity2247 over-expression on @entity0 survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received adequate loco-regional and systemic treatments were evaluated. @entity1 ' demographic, clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related and survival data were retrieved from their hospital files. @entity2247 , @entity172 / @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR), @entity1722 expression and Ki67 index of the @entity5 were determined immunohistochemically. As the primary objective, @entity2247 positive and negative @entity1 were compared in terms of overall ( @entity3012 ), disease-free (DFS) and @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS). Secondary objectives were to assess the independent prognostic factors for survival. In addition, the correlation of @entity2247 expression with conventional prognostic and predictive factors of @entity0 was assessed. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventeen @entity1 who underwent adequate @entity0 treatment between November 2004 and December 2013 were included in the study. The median follow-up was 37 months (range: 5-107). Eighty-one (37%) @entity1 were @entity2247 positive. @entity3012 , DFS, and BCSS were similar in @entity2247 positive and negative @entity1 . Ki67 index and age were significantly correlated with @entity2247 expression (r=-0.116; p=0.02; r=0.159; p=0.02). PR expression was found to be the only independent factor for predicting @entity3012 , @entity5 size and molecular subtype classification were found to be the only independent factors for predicting DFS, and PR expression was found to be the only independent factor for predicting BCSS. CONCLUSION: Among the independent predictive and prognostic factors of @entity0 , @entity2247 over-expression was only correlated with Ki67 index and age.

title: Impact of cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression on the prognosis of @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Between 1967 and 1973 15 @entity1 with @entity31 had 20 pregnancies. 14 ended with normal deliveries, 4 with spontaneous abortions, and 2 with therapeutic abortions. Fertility was normal. Malformations in the @entity1 were not observed. In the case of conception during remission or a latent phase of the disease in general a normal pregnancy is to be expected (12 out of 14). On the other hand conception during an active phase can lead to an unpredictable threat to the life of mother and @entity1 . Therapeutic abortion should be seriously considered when @entity31 and pregnancy begin simultaneously. In the same period of time in 15 comparable @entity1 with @entity30 (12 with @entity1960 and 3 with @entity30 ) who were not taking ovulation inhibitors 4 pregnancies were observed. Fertility is not significantly reduced in @entity30 whereas in @entity1960 it is highly significantly reduced (bilateral tubal irritation). As in @entity31 a normal pregnancy can be expected after conception in an inactive phase (2 out of 4).

title: [Pregnancy in XXXX and @entity30 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ileo-colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileitis', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated the presence of at least two distinct subpopulations of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) employing a cell-transfer experiment using @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . One group of @entity1 , whose T cells derived from the @entity309 , induced @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) in the @entity466 @entity19 (the positive group). The other group did not display the induction of @entity1373 (the negative group). TCR/Vbeta gene usage analysis indicated that some dominant T cell subpopulations were oligoclonally expanding only in the @entity309 , and not in the periphery of the @entity1 of the positive group. Moreover, these T cell subpopulations were not seen in the joints of @entity1 in the negative group or in non- @entity309 @entity1 . In addition, the preferential uses of certain TCR/Vbetas (Vbeta8, Vbeta12, Vbeta13, and Vbeta14) genes were demonstrated in these T cells. In this study, to investigate whether these T cells are driven by a certain antigen(s), the third complementarity determining regions (CDR3s) of TCR/Vbeta, especially Vbeta8 and Vbeta14 PCR products, were cloned and sequenced. As a result, a dominant @entity2612 sequence, CASS-PRERAT-YEQ, was found in Vbeta14+ T cells from the rheumatoid joint of a @entity1 ( @entity1 1) of the positive group with a Vbeta14 skew. The identical @entity2612 sequence also predominated in Vbeta14+ T cells from the rheumatoid joint of another @entity1 ( @entity1 7) of the positive group with a Vbeta14 skew. In addition, in the @entity1 ( @entity1 4, 7, 8) of the positive group with a Vbeta8 skew, other dominant @entity2612 sequences, CASS-ENS-YEQ and CASS-LTEP-DTQ, were found as in the case of Vbeta14. However, no identical @entity2612 sequences were detected dominantly in the joints of the @entity1 in the negative group or in non- @entity309 @entity1 . A Vbeta14+ T cell clone (TCL), named G3, with the identical @entity2612 sequence, CASS-PRERAT-YEQ, was isolated successfully from @entity1 1, and cell transfer of G3 with autologous irradiated peripheral mononuclear cells induced @entity1373 in the @entity466 @entity19 . Taken together, these results suggest that T cells inducing @entity1373 , thought to be pathogenic for @entity309 , might be driven by a certain shared antigen(s).

title: Dominant and shared T cell receptor beta chain variable regions of T cells inducing XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia', 'SH']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid joints', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['synovial hyperplasia']


abstract: We report the first safety and immunogenicity trial of the @entity3964 vaccine candidate FMP2.1/AS02A, a recombinant @entity526 -expressed protein based upon the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of the 3D7 clone formulated with the AS02A adjuvant. We conducted an open-label, staggered-start, dose-escalating Phase I trial in 23 @entity311 -na  ve volunteers who received 8, 20 or 40microg of FMP2.1 in a fixed volume of 0.5mL of AS02A on a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule. Nineteen of 23 volunteers received all three scheduled immunizations. The most frequent solicited local and systemic adverse events associated with immunization were injection site @entity158 (68%) and @entity10 (29%). There were no significant @entity854 or vaccine-related serious adverse events. All volunteers seroconverted after second immunization as determined by ELISA. Immune sera recognized sporozoites and merozoites by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and exhibited both growth inhibition and processing inhibition activity against homologous (3D7) asexual stage parasites. Post-immunization, peripheral blood mononuculear cells exhibited FMP2.1-specific lymphoproliferation and IFN-gamma and IL-5 ELISPOT assay responses. This is the first PfAMA-1-based vaccine shown to elicit both potent humoral and cellular immunity in @entity1 . Encouraged by the potential of FMP1/AS02A to target host immunity against PfAMA-1 that is known to be expressed by sporozoite, hepatic and erythrocytic stages, we have initiated field trials of FMP2.1/AS02A in an endemic population in the Republic of Mali.

title: Phase I dose escalation safety and immunogenicity trial of XXXX apical membrane protein (AMA-1) FMP2.1, adjuvanted with AS02A, in @entity311 -na  ve adults at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Parents are now primarily responsible for the at home assessment and treatment of their @entity1 's @entity158 following minor surgery. Although some research has suggested that parents underestimate their @entity1 's @entity158 following surgery, no behavioral measure exists to assist parents in @entity158 assessment. The @entity282 Measure for Parents was developed based on cues parents reported using to assess their @entity1 's @entity158 (e.g. changes in appetite, activity level). The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate this measure by examining the relation between parent-report of @entity1 behaviors and @entity1 -rated @entity158 . Subjects were 110 @entity1 (56.4% male) aged 7-12 years undergoing day surgery at a tertiary-care @entity1 's hospital and their parents. Parents and @entity1 completed a @entity158 diary for the 2 days following surgery. @entity1 rated their @entity158 and parents rated the presence or absence of specific behaviors from a checklist. Correlations were conducted between each of the 29 behavioral items and @entity1 -rated @entity158 on Day 1; 14 items with correlations less than 0.30 were dropped. The remaining 15 items were subjected to a principal @entity2270 factor analysis. A one-factor solution was the best fit for the data. The items were then summed to yield a total score out of 15. Internal consistency reliabilities for the measure and correlations with @entity1 -rated @entity158 were high on both days following surgery. @entity1 -rated @entity158 were moderately correlated. The @entity282 Measure for Parents was also positively correlated with @entity1 -rated emotional distress on both days following surgery. As @entity1 -rated @entity158 decreased from Day 1 to Day 2, so did scores on the behavioral measure. The @entity282 Measure for Parents was successful in discriminating between @entity1 who had undergone no/low @entity158 surgeries and @entity1 who had undergone moderate to high @entity158 surgeries. There were no significant differences in scores on the behavioral measure for @entity1 age or sex. Using a cut-off score of six out of 15, the measure showed excellent sensitivity (> 80%) and specificity (> 80%) in selecting @entity1 who reported clinically significant levels of @entity158 . This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the @entity282 Measure for Parents as a valid assessment tool with @entity1 between the ages of 7-12 years following day surgery. It is internally consistent and strongly related to @entity1 -rated @entity158 . Future research should explore the use of this measure with a younger sample and @entity1 with developmental delays.

title: Development and preliminary validation of a XXXX measure for parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative Pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and emotional distress']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: @entity310 -Pseudomonas exotoxin-40 ( @entity42197 ) is a recombinant fusion protein. @entity42197 consists of the entire @entity1 @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) protein fused to a 40,000 Da. segment of the Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein. @entity42197 is a bifunctional molecule that possesses the @entity470 binding properties of @entity7790 and the cell killing properties of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. These properties make @entity42197 a selective cytotoxic agent that kills @entity470 bearing cells. @entity42197 has been shown to effectively kill @entity1 @entity5 cell lines that possess EGF receptors in vitro and in @entity19 . In the present study, @entity42197 was tested against @entity5 taken directly from @entity1 and grown in a soft agar @entity1 @entity5 cloning system. A total of 107 @entity1 ' @entity5 (taken from @entity1 with @entity5 refractory to chemotherapy) were tested with a continuous exposure to 0.5-50 nM concentrations of the agent. @entity42197 exhibited a clear dose response effect against a wide variety of @entity1 solid @entity5 colony-forming units with greater than or equal to 84% of evaluable @entity5 responding at a drug concentration greater than or equal to 24 nM. When used as a continuous exposure, concentrations of @entity42197 as low as 5 nM demonstrated substantial in vitro activity. This activity included @entity137 against breast, colorectal, endometrial, head and neck, non small-cell lung, gastric, @entity242 , and @entity788 colony-forming units. Additional in vivo testing of this compound is warranted.

title: Activity of a recombinant XXXX -Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein against primary @entity1 @entity5 colony-forming units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer tumor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha', 'Transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A small GTPase, Rho, and its target molecule, Rho-kinase, play an important role in the cell functions, including contractility, @entity6722 , adhesion, and migration. It is generally considered that eosinophilic @entity32 and hyper-reactivity to @entity2710 in airways are fundamental to the pathophysiology of @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether the Rho/Rho-kinase pathways are involved in the eosinophil recruitment and airway hyper-reactivity. We investigated inhibitory effects of @entity8232 , a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, on @entity32 in @entity19 . METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized and challenged with @entity10328 (OVA). OVA-challenged @entity19 were treated orally with @entity8232 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) or saline before each OVA challenge. Total cell counts, differential cell counts, cytokines, and chemokines levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and lungs were examined histologically. Moreover, respiratory resistance in response to @entity2710 was measured. RESULTS: When @entity8232 was administrated to OVA-challenged @entity19 , increased cell numbers of total cells and eosinophils were significantly attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. However, inflammatory cells other than eosinophils were not affected by @entity8232 . @entity8232 caused a dose-dependent inhibition in increased levels of @entity59 , @entity1312 , and @entity639 in BAL fluid by OVA challenges. Histological analysis of the airways revealed that both infiltration of inflammatory cells and @entity1373 were significantly suppressed in @entity8232 treatment. Furthermore, @entity8232 significantly suppressed the augmented responsiveness to @entity2710 induced by OVA challenges. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of @entity8232 inhibits eosinophil recruitment, @entity1373 and airway hyper-reactivity by allergen challenges. These effects of this agent may be mediated by suppressing a chemokine and cytokines related to the pathophysiology of @entity565 such as @entity639 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 . Our findings provide evidence that inhibition of the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway may be beneficial for @entity565 .

title: Effects of Rho-kinase inactivation on eosinophilia and hyper-reactivity in XXXX airways by allergen challenges.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute allergic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity8232 :: ('MESH:C049347', 'Chemical') :: ['Fasudil', 'fasudil']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology of our hospital with bilateral lymph node swelling of the neck. Pathological examination revealed @entity957 ( @entity957 ). He underwent computed tomography (CT) of the neck and chest, upper @entity344 and laryngoscopy to locate a primary @entity5 , however, no obvious @entity5 was detected. Eight months later, a @entity703 without regional lymph node swelling was found when a chest CT scan was performed again. We then performed a right nephroureterectomy and regional lymphadenectomy. Pathological examination revealed @entity957 of the renal pelvis, @entity1803 , grade 3, without regional @entity1600 . This pathological finding for the kidney was virtually the same as that for cervical lymph nodes. Therefore, it was thought that his cervical @entity5 had metastasized from the renal pelvic @entity957 . To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of @entity703 without regional @entity1600 having only cervical @entity1600 . This is the first case of isolated cervical @entity1600 from renal pelvic @entity957 .

title: Isolated cervical XXXX of renal pelvic squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumour', 'renal pelvic carcinoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Brown adipocytes are thermogenic cells which play an important role in energy balance. Their thermogenic activity is due to the presence of a mitochondrial uncoupling protein ( @entity5483 ). Until recently, it was admitted that in rodents brown adipocytes were mainly located in classical brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the present study, we have investigated the presence of @entity5483 protein or mRNA in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) of @entity35 . Using polymerase chain reaction or Northern blot hybridization, @entity5483 mRNA was detected in mesenteric, epidydimal, retroperitoneal, inguinal and particularly in periovarian adipose depots. The uncoupling protein was detected by Western blotting in mitochondria from periovarian adipose tissue. When @entity35 were submitted to cold or to treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity5483 expression was increased in this tissue as in typical brown fat. Moreover, the expression was decreased in obese fa/fa @entity35 compared to lean controls. Morphological studies showed that periovarian adipose tissue of @entity35 kept at 24 degrees C contained cells with numerous typical BAT mitochondria with or without multilocular lipid droplets. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that multilocular cells expressed mitochondrial @entity5483 . Furthermore, the number of brown adipocytes and the density of mitochondrial cristae increased in parallel with exposure to cold. These results demonstrate that adipocytes expressing @entity5483 are present in adipose deposits considered as white fat. They suggest the existence of a continuum in rodents between BAT and @entity1386 , and a great plasticity between adipose tissue phenotypes. The physiological importance of brown adipocytes in @entity1386 and the regulation of @entity5483 expression remain open questions.

title: Occurrence of brown adipocytes in XXXX @entity1386 : molecular and morphological characterization.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['WAT', 'white adipose tissue']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Consecutive intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and intravenous @entity6002 in the management of @entity1268 ( @entity1268 ). PURPOSE: The general accepted treatment of @entity1268 is manual removal of the placenta ( @entity11092 ), but medical intervention protocols were suggested. We evaluate a protocol of using intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 followed, if necessary, by intravenous @entity6002 . A reduction in the need for @entity11092 and less @entity190 was expected. METHODS: Cohort A (1 January 2007 to 31 September 2008), managed by an expectative protocol including active management of the third stage of labor and if necessary @entity11092 performed 60 min after birth of the baby, was compared with cohort B (1 April 2009 to 31 December 2010) managed by medical intervention protocol. This protocol consisted of intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and if not successful, 250  g of @entity6002 was given intravenously in 30 min. All vaginal deliveries after 24 weeks of gestation, with @entity1268 after 20 min and @entity190 <500 mL were included. An intention to treat analysis was performed, with the need for @entity11092 as the primary outcome. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar. In cohort A, 275 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and 57 (20.7%) @entity1 needed @entity11092 . In cohort B, 219 @entity1 were included and 35 (16%) @entity1 needed @entity11092 . There was no significant difference in number of @entity11092 , the amount of @entity190 and other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and intravenous @entity6002 consecutively, does not reduce the number of MRPs as well as the total amount of @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity1268 after 20 min. The study shows that changing obstetric management by extrapolating results from specific study groups to a general population may lead to other results.

title: Consecutive intra-umbilical vein injection of XXXX and intravenous @entity6002 in the management of @entity1268 .

entities_list: @entity1268 :: ('MESH:D018457', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'retained placenta']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['sulprostone']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to report our technical success and complications in treating @entity6128 (ACA) @entity439 with coil embolization. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 undergoing coil embolization of @entity438 from September 1999 to March 2008. @entity1 were assessed for @entity510 , fundus size, and fundus-to-neck ratio (F/N) < 2 or >or= 2. Technical success for @entity439 was assessed according to established criteria immediately post-procedure and at 6-month angiographic follow-up. Post-procedural outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. A mRS <or= 2 for @entity1756 or no change from baseline for unruptured @entity439 was considered a good clinical outcome. RESULTS: Based on an intention-to-treat principle, we attempted embolization of 28 @entity438 in 26 @entity1 and were technically successful in 26 @entity439 (93%). Our mean age was 58 +/- 11 years. Thirteen presented with acute @entity397 . Average @entity439 size was 5.7 +/- 2.8 mm in our cohort with 20/28 (71%) having an F/N >or= 2. Seventeen @entity439 with an F/N >or= 2 and 5 with an F/N < 2 were completely obliterated or had minimal neck remnants at the end of the procedure (79%). Fourteen @entity439 underwent 6-month angiographic follow-up and were either completely obliterated or had a minimal residual neck remnant. Clinical outcomes were good in 12/13 unruptured @entity1 (93%) at the time of discharge and in 6/13 @entity397 @entity1 (46%) with 90-day follow-up. Three @entity1 had @entity63 complications that were considered non-disabling, and 2 @entity1 died from complications related to their initial @entity510 . Two @entity1 had an aborted procedure from failure to catheterize the @entity439 . CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of @entity438 can achieve good technical and clinical outcomes.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : technical results and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['distal anterior cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['distal ACA aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrophy of rotator cuff muscles has been considered an irreversible phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether @entity194 is truly irreversible after rotator cuff repair. METHODS: We measured supraspinatus @entity2057 of 191 @entity1 with full-thickness rotator cuff tears on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative multidetector computed tomography images, taken at least 1 year after operation. The occupation ratio was calculated using Photoshop @entity34924 software. We compared the change between pre- and postoperative occupation ratios after modifying the preoperative occupation ratio. In addition, possible relationship between various clinical factors and the change of @entity194 , and between the change of @entity194 and cuff integrity after surgical repair were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean occupation ratio was significantly increased postoperatively from 0.44    0.17 to 0.52    0.17 (p < 0.001). Among 191 @entity1 , 81 (42.4%) showed improvement of @entity194 (more than a 10% increase in occupation ratio) and 33 (17.3%) worsening (more than a 10% decrease). Various clinical factors such as age tear size, or initial degree of @entity194 did not affect the change of @entity194 . However, the change of @entity194 was related to repair integrity: cuff healing failure rate of 48.5% (16 of 33) in worsened @entity194 ; and 22.2% (18 of 81) in improved @entity194 (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The supraspinatus @entity2057 as measured by occupation ratio could be improved postoperatively in case of successful cuff repair.

title: Is the supraspinatus XXXX truly irreversible after surgical repair of rotator cuff tears?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: Four cases of malignant @entity1824 were stained with smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, @entity2283 , @entity1 @entity320 black-45, melan-A, @entity4353 transcription factor, @entity2281 and @entity4910 . One case was studied by electron microscopy (EM). @entity5 locations were the thigh, elbow, retroperitoneum and bladder in association with a @entity6089 . There were two @entity1 and two @entity1 ; the average age was 51.3 years, and the size ranged from 5.0-23.0 cm. In three cases, 50-95% of the @entity5 was composed of @entity3038 areas. All cases had at least focal clear-cell areas. One case showed a continuous single layer of perivascular clear cells remote from the @entity5 , transitioning to invasive nests and to @entity1824 . EM demonstrated these cells in apposition to and in direct contact with the abluminal surface of the basal lamina of the capillaries. We suggest the term "pecosis" for these areas. All cases were positive for two or more melanocytic markers and for at least one actin. @entity2281 and @entity2283 were focally positive in one case. @entity4910 was positive in 3:4 cases. Four cases of malignant @entity1824 are described with the existence of a unique lesion (pecosis) in one case. These @entity5 may manifest largely as @entity242 appearing to be undifferentiated and should be considered in their differential diagnosis.

title: @entity1824 ( XXXX ): four malignant cases expanding the histopathological spectrum and a description of a unique finding.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'PEComa']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6089 :: ('MESH:D014496', 'Disease') :: ['urachal cyst']

answer: @entity1824 :: (MESH:D054973,Disease) :: ['PEComas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of genetic variability on the phenotypic expression of @entity785 ( @entity785 ), by testing possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity16210 and @entity9596 genes and @entity785 in a Caucasian population. METHODS: As @entity16210 and @entity9596 are located on the X chromosome and @entity785 occurs far more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 , only @entity1 were genotyped. The study group comprised 97 @entity1 with @entity785 , 36 with diffuse (dcSSc) and 61 with limited (lcSSc) cutaneous forms of disease, and 109 healthy controls. @entity1 and controls were Caucasian. We investigated 4 SNP in @entity43617 in @entity9596 by polymerase chain reaction amplifications and enzymatic digestion or primer extension reactions and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: We detected an association between @entity9596 @entity43618 and @entity1 with @entity785 [p = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, confidence interval (CI) 1.22-2.74, p corr = 0.02], as well as with dcSSc in that subgroup of @entity1 (p = 0.01, OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.27-3.89, p corr = 0.05). The @entity9596 rs638376G allele frequency was higher in @entity1 with @entity785 (51.6%) than in controls (36.4%, p = 0.003, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.24-2.79, p corr = 0.015) and in the subgroup with dcSSc (57.6%) than in controls (36.4%, p = 0.003, OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.35-4.15, p corr = 0.015). One other @entity9596 SNP was only associated with the dcSSc subgroup: the @entity9596 rs5946040G allele was more common in @entity1 with dcSSc (33.8%) than in controls (17%, p = 0.004, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.36-4.60, p corr = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity9596 gene polymorphisms may be involved in susceptibility to @entity785 . Further studies are under way to show that they contribute to disease.

title: @entity9596 gene polymorphisms are associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the rates of response, operability and long term survival and @entity137 in a large series of locally advanced @entity5 (LACC) @entity1 administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with @entity1311 , @entity1259 and @entity900 ( @entity25288 ) followed by radical surgery (RS). @entity1 and methods The study included 75 consecutive stages @entity3847 - @entity3480 @entity1 administered NACT with @entity1311 (175mg/m(2)), @entity1259 (100mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (100mg/m(2)) on day 1 of a 3-weekly cycle for 2-4cycles. @entity1 were evaluated for objective response by RECIST criteria and triaged to RS. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis to recurrence/progression of disease or @entity204 , respectively. RESULTS: Complete and partial clinical response was observed in 13 and 28 @entity1 (56.1% objective responses); radical surgery was amenable in 52 @entity1 (71.2%): 14 @entity1 showed complete/microscopic response to treatment. Overall, recurrence/progression of disease was observed in 36 @entity1 , and all of them experienced @entity204 . In the whole series median PFS was 48months (5-year PFS=51.0%), and median OS was 72months (5-year OS=53.0%). Overall, 195 courses were administered; treatment was delayed in 6.7% of @entity1 , while dose reduction was required in 36.5% of @entity1 . Grade 3 @entity1431 affected 22 @entity1 (29.7%), while Grades 3 and 4 @entity1398 was documented in 17 (22.9%) and 6 (8.1%) @entity1 . In the whole series, we recorded 1 @entity204 whose relation with treatment-induced @entity137 could not be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: @entity25288 provided favorable rates of response and operability in LACC @entity1 , and allowed the obtainment of encouraging survival data without carrying out an excessive @entity137 .

title: @entity1311 , XXXX , and @entity900 ( @entity25288 ) regimen as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced @entity5 : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death of disease', 'death']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: Market data on 1,315 @entity95 from 201 litters from Californian (CAL), New Zealand White (NZW), CAL X NZW and NZW X CAL dams bred to CAL, NZW and Flemish Giant sires were subjected to multiple regression and path analyses. Market traits observed in litters at 56 d included average kit weight (A56W), litter size (LS56), total litter weight ( @entity37436 ) and within-litter uniformity in individual weights (LCV). Preweaning variables as covariates included in the model were dam metabolic body weight (DMW), litter born (LSB), litter birth weight (LBW), milk yield from 1 to 21 d (MY) and feed intake from 1 to 28 d of the dam and litter (FI). Results from multiple regression analyses indicated linear and quadratic effects (P less than .20) due to LSB and MY for all four market characters. The LBW influenced (P less than .05) LS56 and @entity37436 , and FI affected (P less than .05) LS56, @entity37436 and LCV. Separate analyses were conducted involving 28-d weaning and feed intake variables as covariates: litter size weaned (LSW), litter weaning weight (LWW) and litter feed intake from 28 to 56 d (LFI). The three weaning covariates were important (P less than .05) for all market traits except LS56 (LWW was not significant). The most accurate regression equations were obtained from the weaning model for prediction of @entity37436 and LS56 (R2 = .68 and .78). Path analyses revealed that preweaning covariates generally had direct rather than indirect effects on market traits. Both direct and indirect effects of weaning covariates were important for market traits. Results suggest that litter market traits of size and weight can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.

title: Prediction and causation of litter market traits from preweaning and weaning characteristics in commercial meat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity37436 :: ('p|SUB|L|56|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L56W']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The two types of corticosteroid hormones, the mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, act in a complementary manner and are functionally closely linked. @entity1369 and glucocorticoids express their functions through the @entity16140 receptors (GRs; GRalpha and GRbeta) and the @entity8920 ( @entity8920 ). Commercially available steroidal drugs used in conditions such as @entity565 may act on both GR and MR receptors; although @entity16140 -receptor agonists play a fundamental role in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, prolonged exposure may have adverse effects such as the development of resistance. @entity13738 in such conditions has been observed to be accompanied by a downregulation of GRalpha, a twofold decrease in GR protein half-life, downregulation of GRalpha mRNA expression, and enhanced expression of GRbeta. Other suggestions for @entity16140 resistance include alternative splicing of the GR gene with subsequent expression of the GRbeta protein isoform, defective regulation of gene transcription of the GR gene or GR mutations, defective DNA binding and transactivating domains of the GR. In addition, we would like to suggest that dysregulation of the MR enzyme 11beta-HSD-2 may be one of the causes of resistance. When expressed in cells with @entity8920 , this enzyme' @entity9855 role is to prevent permanent occupancy of MR by @entity16140 hormones, allowing concentration-dependent binding of @entity1369 to MR. However, @entity942 -HSD isoforms (particularly 11beta-HSD-2) leads to the activation of @entity8920 by glucocorticoids rather than the glucocorticoids interacting with its "normal" receptors, the GRs. We will substantiate on support for our hypothesis in the dysregulation of this enzyme, which is typically associated with significantly higher levels of circulating plasma @entity701 and elevated levels of @entity165 , little or no response to systemic glucocorticoids, and problems associated with homeostasis primarily in the distal nephron and distal colon. These are some of the symptoms typically noted in @entity701 resistance.

title: @entity701 resistance in conditions such as XXXX and the involvement of 11beta-HSD-2: a hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity16140 :: ('MESH:C565974', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid']

entities_list: @entity8920 :: ('MESH:C567596', 'Disease') :: ['MRs', 'mineralocorticoid receptors']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['Glucocorticoid resistance']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of the 11beta']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: To obtain reliable data on the epidemiology, co-morbidities and risk factor profile of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), we evaluated the clinical significance of the ankle brachial index (ABI) as an indicator of @entity3657 in Chinese @entity1 at high cardiovascular (CV) risk. ABI was measured in 5,646 Chinese @entity1 at high CV risk, and @entity3657 was defined as an ABI<0.9 in either leg. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with @entity3657 . A total of 5,263 @entity1 were analyzed, 52.9% male, mean age 67.3 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 24.2 kg/m2, mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure ( @entity13519 / @entity13520 ) 139/80.7 mmHg. The prevalence of @entity3657 in the total group of @entity1 was 25.4%, and the prevalence was higher in females than in males (27.1% vs. 23.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.64). @entity1 with @entity3657 were older than those without @entity3657 (72.3+/-9.9 years vs. 65.6+/-11.7 years; OR: 1.06), and more frequently had @entity6 (43.3% vs. 31.3%; OR: 2.02), @entity301 ( @entity301 ) (27.0% vs. 18.8%; OR: 1.67), @entity64 (44.4% vs. 28.3%; OR: 1.78), @entity4977 (57.2% vs. 50.7%; OR: 1.3) and a smoking habit (42.7% vs. 38.6%; OR: 1.52). The ORs for the @entity3657 group compared with the non- @entity3657 group demonstrated that these conditions were inversely related to ABI. @entity1780 , @entity7774 -converting enzyme-inhibitors and antiplatelet agents were only used in 40.5%, 53.6% and 69.1% of @entity3657 @entity1 , respectively. The data demonstrated the high prevalence and low treatment of @entity3657 in Chinese @entity1 at high CV risk. A lower ABI was associated with generalized @entity731 . Based on these findings, ABI should be a routine measurement in high risk @entity1 . Aggressive medication was required in these @entity1 .

title: Ankle brachial index as a marker of @entity731 in Chinese XXXX with high cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In order to determine if @entity916 release would be affected by a dysfunction of the circadian and ultradian organization of sleep, 24-hour profiles of plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) concomitant with sleep stages were established in 10 normal subjects and nine @entity2724 @entity1 , with 10-minute blood sampling intervals. Mean PRA levels were similar in control subjects and @entity2724 @entity1 . Individual 24-hour profiles revealed that the previously described association between @entity916 oscillations and sleep stage alternations was preserved. Increased PRA release was observed during the transition from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or waking periods to @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep, and REM sleep occurred as PRA levels were decreasing. Thus, PRA curves exactly reflected the irregularities and disturbances in the sleep structure of the @entity2724 @entity1 . The 24-hour PRA profiles of the @entity1 did not show the general upward trend during nighttime sleep, which is probably induced in the control subjects by the repetitive recurrence of longer episodes of undisturbed @entity1319 sleep. Because of marked @entity1949 in the @entity1 , the duration of @entity1319 sleep was often insufficient to allow for the occurrence of a significant PRA increase. Because sleep onset REM (SOREM) episodes, characteristic of @entity2724 , are not preceded by @entity1319 sleep and its associated increase in PRA, no relative PRA decline occurred during this type of REM sleep. In conclusion, the 24-hour PRA profiles of the @entity2724 @entity1 reflected exactly their sleep stage distribution, confirming previous findings that PRA oscillations appear to be inseparable from the @entity1319 -REM sleep cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma @entity916 activity and sleep-wake structure of @entity2724 XXXX and control subjects under continuous bedrest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'narcoleptic']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['NREM', 'nonrapid eye movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The benefit of glucocorticoid for the treatment of acute @entity7995 remains controversial. The efficacy of oral @entity229 in 12 @entity1 (14 eyes) with acute @entity7995 was reviewed. METHODS: The time of @entity227 before treatment was 3-15 days. The visual acuities were worse than 0.1 in all @entity1 , with positive relative afferent @entity2300 . @entity227 and delay latency of @entity7286 in pattern VEP were also found. The regimen of glucocorticoid therapy was oral @entity229 , starting with 160 mg daily followed by reducing the dosage by 20 mg every three days until 40 mg per day was attained and then tapering the dosage at 70 mg every other day until stoppage of the drug. The treatment was 3-11 months and 9 @entity1 were followed up more than one year. RESULTS: The visual acuities improved rapidly and stable. After 4 days, the visual acuity was 0.2 or better in 10 eyes. It was better than 0.6 in 12 eyes at 15 days. At 6 months, all had the visual acuity better than 0.7, with 85.7% equal or better than 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The regimen of oral @entity229 beginning with 160 mg followed by tapering for three months would be feasible. Pattern VEP was a sensitive and credible sign for evaluating the extent of @entity17 .

title: [Treatment of acute XXXX with high dose of @entity229 ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defect', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity41887 ( @entity41887 ) is a dermatological adverse reaction of intramuscular injections and is caused by several mechanisms. The etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and several hypotheses have suggested a vascular origin. @entity5925 ( @entity5925 ) is the destruction of striated muscle, with the subsequent release of muscle cell contents into circulation. @entity41887 and @entity5925 diagnoses may overlap. Herein, we present the autopsy findings of a 40-year-old female with @entity41887 complicated with @entity5925 . On clinical follow-up, @entity908 kinase (CK) was 7146 IU/L, and @entity1133 and @entity1011 levels were elevated on the third day after intramuscular @entity3522 injection. Possible @entity63 process triggered the @entity5925 and subsequent @entity810 . The opportunity for an early diagnosis was missed because the @entity1 delayed seeking medical aid. The prognosis worsened, and the @entity1 died due to secondary sepsis. Early diagnosis of @entity41887 before the occurrence of complications is the most important issue in @entity1 education and can be life-saving.

title: Coincidence of Nicolau Syndrome and XXXX : Report of a Forensic Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity41887 :: ('MESH:D065148', 'Disease') :: ['Nicolau syndrome', 'NS']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['RM', 'Rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reciprocal ST-segment @entity308 simulating additional @entity63 is commonly observed in ST-segment elevation @entity583 . OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism and characterization of the whole reciprocal electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns induced by acute @entity1563 at different locations in the absence of additional @entity63 in @entity1707 . METHODS: Conventional 12-lead ECG and/or local extracellular epicardial, mid-myocardial, and endocardial electrograms were recorded during the acute occlusion of right coronary (RC) and @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary arteries in the in situ (n = 9) or in the isolated perfused (n = 5) @entity1707 hearts. RESULTS: Mid-RC occlusion induced @entity308 (-0.43    0.14 mV; P<.01) and S-wave deepening (-0.74    0.23 mV; P<.01) in anterior ECG leads. Mid- @entity432 induced reciprocal S-wave deepening (-0.43    0.37 mV; P = .02) but not ST-segment @entity308 in inferior leads. Proximal @entity1347 induced @entity308 (-0.21    0.20 mV; P = .03) and S-wave deepening (-0.56    0.58 mV; P = .04) in inferior leads. Reciprocal QRS widening was observed only during proximal @entity432 . Local extracellular recordings did not show significant reciprocal QRS and ST-segment changes. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of additional @entity63 , acute @entity1563 induces reciprocal ST-segment and S-wave changes in the 12-lead ECG that allow better differentiation between proximal and mid- @entity432 . Reciprocal ECG changes depend on conventional lead system design and not on the transmission of injury currents from the ischemic border zone to distant normal myocardium.

title: Mechanism and diagnostic potential of reciprocal ECG changes induced by acute XXXX in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'reciprocal ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to test the feasibility and efficacy of using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography ( @entity138 ) to detect @entity63 during @entity452 -induced stress (DSE) and compares the results with conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2D). BACKGROUND: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, a novel imaging technique, offers rapid acquisition with multiple simultaneous views of the left ventricle (LV). These features make it attractive for application during stress. METHODS: Of 279 consecutive @entity1 screened for image quality by 2D, 253 @entity1 with adequate images underwent @entity138 and 2D within 30 s of each other at baseline and at peak DSE. RESULTS: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and 2D showed good concordance in detection of abnormal LV wall motion at baseline (84%: Kappa = 0.59) and at peak DSE (88.9%: Kappa = 0.72). Left ventricular wall motion scores were similar at baseline and peak DSE using both techniques. Interobserver agreements for detection of @entity63 at peak DSE were superior for @entity138 , 92.7% compared with 84.6% for 2D (p < 0.05). Mean scanning time at peak stress by @entity138 in 50 randomly selected @entity1 was shorter, 27.4 +/- 10.7 s compared with 62.4 +/- 20.1 s by 2D (p < 0.0001). In 90 @entity1 with coronary angiograms, @entity138 had a sensitivity of 87.9% in the detection of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) compared with 79.3% by 2D. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time three-dimensional @entity452 stress echocardiography is feasible and sensitive in the detection of @entity453 . The procedure offers shorter scanning time, superior interobserver agreements and unique new views of the LV.

title: Real-time three-dimensional XXXX stress echocardiography in assessment stress echocardiography in assessment of @entity63 : comparison with two-dimensional @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']