abstract: The objectives of our study were: (1) to determine if there was significant @entity595 (U) bioaccumulation in a lake that had been historically affected by a U mine and (2) to use a combined approach of gut content examination and stable @entity1568 and @entity505 isotope analysis to determine if U bioaccumulation in fish was linked to foodweb ecology. We collected three species of fish: @entity29076 ( @entity29076 ), yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and @entity2084 ( @entity2084 ), in addition to several invertebrate species including freshwater bivalves (family: Sphaeriidae), dragonfly nymphs (order: Odonata), snails (class: Gastropoda) and zooplankton (family: Daphniidae). Results showed significant U bioaccumulation in the lake impacted by historical mining activities. @entity595 accumulation was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher in invertebrates than in the fish species. Within fish, U was measured in operculum (bone), liver and muscle tissue and accumulation followed the order: operculum>liver>muscle. There was a negative relationship between stable @entity1568 ratios ( @entity13140 / @entity38947 ) and U bioaccumulation, suggesting U biodilution in the foodweb. @entity595 bioaccumulation in all three tissues (bone, liver, muscle) varied among fish species in a consistent manner and followed the order: @entity2084 >yellow perch> @entity29076 . Collectively, gut content and stable isotope analysis suggests that invertebrate-consuming fish species (i.e. @entity2084 ) have the highest U levels, while fish species that were mainly piscivores (i.e. @entity29076 ) have the lowest U levels. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the feeding ecology of fish when trying to predict U accumulation.

title: XXXX bioaccumulation in a freshwater ecosystem: impact of feeding ecology.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity29076 :: ('147949', 'Species') :: ['smallmouth bass', 'Micropterus dolomieu']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium', 'uranium']

entities_list: @entity2084 :: ('13106', 'Species') :: ['Lepomis macrochirus', 'bluegill']

answer: @entity595 :: (MESH:D014501,Chemical) :: ['Uranium']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity1313 could not be made in 91 cases at the first investigation in a group of 1155 @entity1313 . Slowly growing @entity11 causing only @entity302 and no other symptoms are especially difficult to diagnose. Of 21 personal observations of @entity5 @entity410 , in which the diagnosis of the @entity5 was missed at the first investigation in hospital, 9 were @entity3271 , 5 @entity816 , 3 @entity463 , 2 @entity6196 , 1 @entity6010 and 1 a @entity3 . They were all located in the frontal or centroparietal region. In most cases the @entity410 appeared during the third or fourth decade. The average interval between the first @entity302 fit and the @entity5 diagnosis was 8.2 years in cases of @entity3271 and 2.2 years in @entity816 . 5 @entity1 had major @entity410 , 2 had @entity1155 attacks and all the others suffered from @entity302 . Anticonvulsive therapy was often successfull; either the frequency of the fits diminished or, in 2 cases, the character of the @entity410 changed. 18 @entity1 had a normal neurostatus at time of the first investigation. Only 3 @entity1 had a slight difference of physiological reflexes, but no other pathological signs. In none of the @entity1 did investigation of the CSF, skull X-rays, brain scanning, pneumencephalography or cerebral angiography first lead to the diagnosis of a @entity1313 . The EEG alone showed focal signs corresponding to the location of the @entity5 in about 50% of the cases.

title: [The problem of early diagnosis of @entity1313 causing XXXX only (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytoma']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['spongioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic fits', 'epileptic', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atherothrombosis, defined as coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and @entity3657 , is the leading cause of @entity204 in the United States. Limited data are available from outpatient populations to describe contemporary @entity65 event rates and associated use of risk reduction treatments in @entity1 with clinically manifest, or at risk for, atherothrombosis. The REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry is an international, prospective, observational study of @entity1 with either documented atherothrombotic syndromes or 3 or more risk factors designed to fill this knowledge gap. METHODS: Baseline demographics and 1-year outcomes were evaluated for @entity10479 @entity1 enrolled in the REACH Registry. Multivariate analytic models were constructed using baseline characteristics to determine independent predictors of 1-year event rates. RESULTS: In the United States, 25,686 @entity1 were enrolled into the registry. Among symptomatic @entity1 (n = 19,069), 19% had disease in >or=1 arterial bed. As of July 2006, 1-year outcomes were available for 93.4% (n = 23,985) of @entity1 . The composite cardiovascular @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , and nonfatal @entity64 event rate was 4.3% for the overall population and highest in @entity1 with triple bed disease (9.9%). There was a relatively high use of risk reduction medications among symptomatic @entity1 . However, opportunity for improvement remains. Approximately 9% of symptomatic @entity1 were not using any antithrombotic, 7% were not using any antihypertensive agents, and 17% were not taking a lipid-lowering agent, whereas >80% of @entity1 suffered from @entity101 or @entity2299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10479 @entity1 with established @entity66 continue to experience high @entity65 event rates; these rates increase in close association with @entity66 . Despite the use of risk reduction interventions, ideal secondary prevention of @entity63 events has not been achieved.

title: XXXX event rates in outpatients with symptomatic atherothrombosis or risk factors in the united states: insights from the REACH Registry.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polyvascular disease', 'atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular ischemic']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular ischemic']


abstract: @entity50 has rarely been associated with @entity6075 ; more often, @entity715 of the sigmoid or transverse sinus is caused by @entity32 or @entity5 , or occurs during pregnancy. Symptoms are frequently vague, while untreated thrombus progression may be fatal due to @entity450 and @entity1188 . We report a 32-year-old @entity1 presenting with right @entity393 , @entity392 and @entity10 2 days after a @entity6075 . Neurological examination showed no additional abnormality. The EEG showed focal @entity73 . CT revealed a @entity174 of the occipital bone. MRI and MRA demonstrated complete @entity715 of the right sigmoid and transverse sinuses. After 2 weeks of intravenous heparin therapy followed by @entity1229 , the @entity1 's hearing improved and MRI and MRA showed complete recanalisation of the sigmoid and transverse sinuses. @entity50 can be an undetected sequel to @entity542 . Appropriate imaging studies should be carried out to enable therapy to be started as soon as possible.

title: Sigmoid and transverse sinus @entity715 after XXXX presenting with @entity393 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['otogenic inflammations']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['bifrontal slowing']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus thrombosis', 'Venous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity6075 :: (MESH:D016489,Disease) :: ['closed head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal dose and timing of repeated intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg) for intractable @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) @entity1 have not been determined. The aim of this study was to optimize dose and timing of IVIg for @entity2646 @entity1 who need frequent IVIg using daily grip strength measurement. METHODS: Repeated IVIg were administered for two intractable @entity2646 @entity1 . Grip strength was recorded at home every day to access the clinical change in symptoms, and dose and timing of IVIg were optimized based on the results. RESULTS: The decrement on grip strength was a sensitive indicator of symptom exacerbation. 100 g of IVIg had a limited effect for each @entity1 . In one @entity1 , symptoms maintained after monthly 60 g of IVIg. In another, 100 g of IVIg every 7 weeks resulted in a marked improvement. After receiving 20 g of IVIg weekly, each @entity1 showed further improvement. CONCLUSION: Optimal dose and timing possibly vary in each individual @entity1 . Dose titration of IVIg is necessary to avoid over- and undertreatment. The daily self-monitoring of grip strength is a helpful tool for clinical assessment in @entity2646 .

title: Optimization of intravenous immunoglobulin in XXXX evaluated by grip strength measurement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy', 'CIDP']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional diagnostic procedures are established for several diseases in medicine. Despite the KDOQI guideline recommendation for histological diagnosis of @entity8 to enable risk stratification, its optimal time point has not been evaluated. We have therefore analyzed whether histological diagnosis of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) at an early stage of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with different outcome compared to diagnosis at a more advanced stage. METHODS: A cohort of 424 consecutive @entity1 with histological diagnosis of @entity631 were included in a retrospective data analysis. Kidney function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation at the time point of kidney biopsy and after consecutive immunosuppressive therapy. Censored events were @entity204 , initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation, or progression of disease, defined as deterioration of @entity740 stage >=  1 from kidney biopsy to last available kidney function measurement. RESULTS: Occurrence of @entity204 , dialysis/transplantation or progression of disease were associated with GFR and @entity740 stage at the time of kidney biopsy (p < 0.001 for all). @entity1 with @entity740 stage 1 and 2 at kidney biopsy had fewer endpoints compared to @entity1 with a GFR of <60 ml/min (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Kidney function at the time point of histological @entity631 diagnosis is associated with clinical outcome, likely due to early initiation of specific drug treatment. This suggests that selection of therapy yields greatest benefit before renal function is impaired in @entity631 .

title: Kidney biopsy in XXXX with @entity631 : is the earlier the better?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells, which migrate to lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs via blood. Liver DCs are believed to play an important role in the regulation of hepatic allograft acceptance. However, because of inherent difficulties in isolating adequate numbers of DCs from liver, limited information is available on the phenotype and functions of liver DCs. To address this issue, we isolated DCs from normal C57BL/6 @entity19 liver using a modified procedure and described their immunophenotypic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) were obtained by collagenase digestion of perfused liver fragments and density gradient centrifugation (14.5% nycodenz column). After overnight (18 hr) incubation of the NPCs, enrichment for transiently adherent, low- density cells on 13% nycodenz gradients permitted the recovery of low numbers of cells (approximately 1.2-1.5 x 10(5) per liver), many of which displayed distinct DCs morphology (abundant cytoplasm with prominent projections and irregularly shaped nuclei). RESULTS: Flowcytometric analysis revealed that most of these cells were recognized by anti- @entity11805 (60-70%). The results obtained from double staining with PE and @entity2823 conjugated monoclonal antibodies indicated that these cells were @entity11805 (+)/ @entity8200 (+) (53%), @entity11805 (+)/CD86(+) (53.5%), @entity11805 (+)/ @entity3414 (+) (36%) and @entity11805 (+)/ @entity3804 (+) (45%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the purity of DCs isolated by nycodenz gradient is higher than other reported methods. Considering the similar ratio of lymphoid ( @entity11805 (+)/ @entity3414 (+)) and myeloid ( @entity11805 (+)/ @entity3804 (+)) DCs in the liver, and the known role of lymphoid DCs in tolerance induction, it seems that this subpopulation of DCs is not the main reason of liver tolerogenecity. Therefore, other factors such as the immaturity of liver DCs or the effect of liver microenvironment on these cells, etc. may explain the acceptance of hepatic allograft.

title: Isolation and phenotyping of normal XXXX liver dendritic cells by an improved method.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity235 @entity683 virus ( @entity4609 ) and @entity23819 (Sp) are pathogens that cause @entity1576 in @entity235 . Considering @entity2348 following @entity683 are a leading cause of illness and @entity204 , it is of particular meaning to investigate the interaction between these two pathogens. In this study, BALB/c @entity19 were used as a @entity19 model to assess whether inoculation with @entity4609 H3N2 followed by @entity23819 72 h later resulted in exacerbation of disease. Disease was characterized by assessment of body weight loss, titration of virus and bacteria, histopathology, and cytokine production. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater decrease in body weight in the co-infected group compared with the @entity4609 -only and SP-only groups. @entity4609 inoculation increased bacterial colonization, whereas secondary infection with @entity23819 elevated the viral RNA load of @entity4609 in tissues. The histological lesions in the brain, spleen and lung were more severe in the @entity4609 /Sp group than in the singly treated groups. Infection with @entity4609 alone, Sp alone or coinfection stimulated a significantly higher release of cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN)-y, interleukin 6 (IL)-6, @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF-a) and lymphotactin (Lptn), than was observed in the mock-infected group (PBS). Moreover, the levels of IFN-y in the spleen and lung were higher in the @entity4609 /Sp group compared with the @entity4609 -only and Sp-only groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide the first demonstration that the secondary infection of @entity19 with Sp leads to increased clinical signs and lesions during @entity235 @entity683 .

title: @entity235 @entity683 virus coinfection with @entity23819 enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Canine', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. It has been suggested that @entity101 may be an important determinant of the rate of progression of @entity532 . 2. @entity8 as assessed by urinary albumin excretion and glomerular ultrastructure was evaluated in a model in which @entity3839 @entity6 was induced in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). 3. @entity6 was associated with increases in urinary albumin excretion, and @entity101 resulted in a further increase in @entity633 . 4. Various antihypertensive regimens were administered to @entity6 SHR, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 and triple therapy ( @entity2514 , @entity2515 and @entity918 ) being more effective than the @entity460 antagonist ( @entity25007 ) in retarding the increase in @entity633 in @entity6 SHR. 5. Antihypertensive therapy appears to ameliorate the development of @entity2316 .

title: XXXX : the role of @entity101 and ACE inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity25007 :: ('MESH:C060285', 'Chemical') :: ['lacidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['Diabetic renal microvascular disease']


abstract: The origin of @entity19 @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) sub-bands was investigated by using our miniaturized @entity2975 gel electrophoretic apparatus. @entity19 LDH isozymes are generated by combinations of three types of A subunit, the primary type and two epigenetically modified forms. These are designated A1, A2, and A3 in the order of their electrophoretic mobilities towards the anode. The A1 subunit arises from the covalent binding of molecules of @entity2041 through @entity1520 bonds to the original subunit, A3. The A2 subunit arises from the covalent binding of molecules of @entity462 through @entity1520 bonds to the A3 subunit. All isozymes can be explained as tetramers composed of the three kinds of A subunit (A1, A2, or A3) in combination with B subunits to yield a total of 35 isozymes. The kinetic properties of these sub-bands were also examined. There was no difference between A24 and A34 in the Km for @entity2388 and for @entity880 . Thermostability at 56 degrees C was greater for A34 than for A24. The activities of tetramers at the electrophoretic position of A3B1 and A4 in extracts containing all five isozymes were increased by treatment of the extracts with high concentrations of reduced @entity2041 or @entity462 with the concomitant disappearance or decrease in activity of tetramers at the position of B4 and A3B1. These results suggest that, in the presence of reduced @entity2041 or @entity462 , LDH isozymes containing the B subunit are first dissociated and then the A subunits are preferentaially recombined.

title: Epigenetic formation of XXXX dehydrogenase isozymes in the @entity19 , @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Numerous modalities of treatment have been used in the past to control massive bladder haematuria, with varying degrees of success. @entity406 has been used in urology only for the treatment of intractable haematuria of inoperable @entity150 , usually as the last resort when all other nonsurgical attempts have failed and before more aggressive surgical measures are considered. Eight @entity1 with @entity150 classified T2 (2 cases), T3 (2 cases) or T4 (4 cases) and 2 @entity1 with radiation @entity2335 were assessed as being beyond the scope of even palliative surgery, severe @entity548 being present in all cases. The treatment was instituted in all cases by intravesical instillation of a 10 per cent @entity406 solution under general anaesthesia. Four @entity1 received 4 and 6 instillations, respectively, the former over 4 weeks and the latter over 10 months. The bladder was filled completely and an indwelling-catheter introduced, the @entity406 solution being left in the bladder for 5 to 30 min (mean: 12 min). Haematuria was absent after 1 to 25 days (mean: 11 days) in 9 cases. The 10th @entity1 died before arrest of @entity548 . Survival after instillation was 65 days to 27 months (mean: 11.5 months). The outcome was fatal within 4 months or less in 3 cases and 4 @entity1 died of @entity177 within 3 months, one within 65 days after instillation. In 4 cases, treatment with @entity406 @entity1494 to less than 100 ml. Other complications included @entity3807 (1 case), @entity322 (3 cases) and severe frequency and @entity2183 (3 cases). This procedure should therefore be reserved for terminal cases unable to support more aggressive therapy.

title: Massive XXXX of inoperable @entity150 : treatment by intravesical @entity406 solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['reduced bladder capacity']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'Formalin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumours', 'bladder carcinomas']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous laboratory studies have shown that @entity1808 is produced locally in the @entity35 internal anal sphincter causing potent contraction. The aim of this first @entity1 study was to evaluate the safety and manometric effects of topical application of @entity3371 (an @entity1289 inhibitor) on the resting anal pressure in healthy adult volunteers. METHODS: Ten volunteers, mean age 32.5 years (range, 19-48 years), underwent anorectal manometric evaluation of the mean anal resting pressure ( @entity4788 ) and the length of the high-pressure zone (HPZ) before 20 and 60 min after topical application of @entity3371 (0.28 %) cream. Cardiovascular variables (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse) were measured before and for up to 1 h after cream application. Side effects were recorded. Adverse events and @entity1 comfort after the cream application were evaluated within a 24-h period by completing a questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no significant change overall in @entity4788 following @entity3371 administration, although in half the @entity1 , there were reductions in @entity4788 after treatment. Half the @entity1 had a reduction in the mean resting HPZ length; however, there was no overall difference between pre- and post-treatment values. There was no effect on basic cardiovascular parameters and no correlation between manometric and cardiovascular variables. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of @entity3371 cream may result in a reduction in @entity4788 in volunteers without @entity66 . Its use is associated with minimal side effects. It may be a new potential therapeutic option in the treatment of anal fissure. Further studies are required to determine the optimal concentration, dose and frequency of application.

title: The effect of topical anal @entity3371 on resting anal pressure in healthy volunteers: the first XXXX pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal disease']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Plasma concentrations of insulin, @entity701 and @entity2124 , and growth velocities have been measured in a group of Gambian village @entity1 up to 3 years of age. All three hormones showed changes in concentration with age, as did rates of growth. 2. Plasma insulin concentrations in the @entity1 were directly correlated with velocity of growth in height and weight, whereas @entity701 concentrations showed inverse relationships. The values for insulin: @entity701 concentration correlated more closely with growth velocity than did either hormone individually. @entity2124 values in plasma exhibited only marginal correlations with growth in height or weight, and these were negative. 3. Similar relationships between these hormones and growth were obtained from an animal experiment in which the rates of growth of @entity35 were altered by restricting dietary intake of protein or energy or both. 4. Possible mechanisms for these observations are discussed in the light of recent knowledge concerning the hormonal control of growth rates.

title: The relationship between hormonal balance and growth in malnourished @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mutations in the @entity14225 and @entity11773 genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell K( @entity855 ) channel have recently been shown to be the most common cause of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Information regarding the frequency of @entity6 has been based mainly on nonpopulation or short-term collections only. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the incidence of @entity6 in Slovakia and to switch @entity1 to @entity4136 (SU) where applicable. DESIGN: We searched for @entity6 @entity1 in the Slovak @entity1 @entity6 Registry. In @entity2690 -treated @entity1 who matched the clinical criteria for @entity6 , the @entity14225 or @entity11773 genes were sequenced, and mutation carriers were invited for replacement of @entity2690 with SU. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with @entity6 onset before the sixth month of life without remission were identified since 1981, which corresponds to the @entity6 incidence in Slovakia of one case in 215,417 live births. In four @entity1 , three different @entity14225 mutations were found ( @entity17973 , @entity44440 , and @entity44441 ). Three @entity1 with the @entity14225 mutations ( @entity17973 and @entity44440 ) were switched from @entity2690 to SU, decreasing their glycosylated hemoglobin from 9.3-11.0% on @entity2690 to 5.7-6.6% on SU treatment. One @entity1 has a novel @entity44442 mutation in the @entity11773 gene and was also substituted with SU. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 frequency in Slovakia is much higher (one in 215,417 live births) than previously suggested from international estimates (about one in 800,000). We identified one @entity11773 and four @entity14225 mutation carriers, of whom four were successfully transferred to SU, dramatically improving their @entity6 control and quality of life.

title: Prevalence of permanent neonatal diabetes in Slovakia and successful replacement of XXXX with @entity4136 therapy in @entity14225 and @entity11773 mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'PNDM', 'permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity44440 :: ('p|SUB|H|46|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H46Y']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity44442 :: ('p|SUB|V|86|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V86A']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: High risk renal transplant recipients experience excess graft loss despite overall improvements in the results of cadaveric renal transplantation. We evaluated a novel immunosuppression regimen consisting of simultaneous administration of OKT3, @entity205 , @entity500 and @entity229 . Of the 12 high risk @entity1 studied 5 received 2 transplants, 1 received 3 transplants and 8 had peak panel reactive antibodies of greater than 60%. The protocol consisted of @entity205 (7 mg./kg. orally or 3 mg./kg. intravenously per day) starting from the day of transplant regardless of graft function; 5 mg. OKT3 per day for 10 to 14 days starting intraoperatively; 5 mg./kg. @entity500 per day for 2 days, then 1.5 mg./kg. per day and adjusted according to white blood cell counts, and @entity229 taper at 2 to 0.4 mg./kg. per day on day 10. The dose of @entity205 was increased to 14 mg./kg. per day orally when serum @entity1011 was less than 3 mg./dl. The @entity205 whole blood levels (measured by high performance liquid chromatography) were maintained between 250 and 400 ng./ml. in the first 3 months. Followup evaluations ranged from 3 to 28 months (median 8.5). Seven @entity1 (58.3%) had @entity4295 and required dialysis support for 2 to 5 weeks. Six @entity1 (including 5 with @entity4295 ) experienced 1 episode of acute rejection in the first 3 months (2 of these were due to accelerated vascular rejection). Two rejections responded to pulse @entity134 treatment, while 4 (including 2 with vascular rejection) were treated with antilymphoblast globulin rescue therapy for 10 to 14 days. Symptomatic @entity55 occurred in 3 @entity1 (25%). There were no deaths or graft losses. No case of @entity5 was observed to date. The serum @entity1011 is less than 2 mg./dl. in 9 @entity1 , and 2.5 to 2.9 mg./dl. in the remaining 3. We conclude that simultaneous quadruple immunosuppressive regimen that includes induction @entity205 and OKT3 is a highly effective therapy for high risk @entity1 , yielding excellent short-term and intermediate success rates. Long-term results of this regimen, including neoplastic potentiation, cannot be addressed because of the limited followup of these @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous quadruple immunosuppression with XXXX induction therapy in high risk renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the risk factors of @entity2790 (IOP) response to @entity2995 intravitreal (IVTA) injection in eyes with @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 . METHODS: Eighty-nine eyes with @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 first received periocular injection of 40 mg @entity2995 (TA) and were followed for one month. According to the diversity of IOP after periocular TA ( @entity865 ) injection, they were divided into the elevation IOP group (group A, 26 eyes) and the normal IOP group (group B, 63 eyes). They then received 4 mg TA intravitreal injection. IOP measurements were recorded after @entity865 and IVTA injections, and were followed for six months. RESULTS: Both @entity865 and IVTA injections caused a rise in IOP, but it was higher in the IVTA injection (40.45%) than in the @entity865 injection (29.21%). The mean rise in IOP was more significant in eyes with IVTA injection (28.08    8.24 mmHg) than in eyes with @entity865 injection (20.87    4.07 mmHg). @entity1 with an elevation IOP above 6 mmHg after @entity865 injection had a 73.08% chance of developing a pressure of 24 mmHg or higher, whereas only 12.70% of those with an elevation IOP below 6 mmHg after @entity865 injection experienced pressure elevation. CONCLUSION: IOP response to @entity865 injection is a good way to judge IOP response to IVTA. If the @entity1 is highly sensitive to corticosteroid, treatments other than IVTA injection are used to avoid the increased risks associated with intravitreal corticosteroid injection.

title: Triamcinolone intravitreal injection and intraocular pressure in @entity1103 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the types of @entity146 caused by @entity131 and the optimal time for forensic @entity146 appraisal. To explore the relationship between the degree of @entity131 , the time of appraisal and the grade of @entity2026 . METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-four forensic @entity146 cases of @entity146 caused by @entity131 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the types of @entity146 caused by @entity131 , the most cases were diagnosed as @entity1316 (51.1%), following organic @entity11167 -like syndrome (24.0%) and organic @entity2026 (18.0%). For the disability grades, the most cases were the level @entity797 and IX disability grades, 219 cases (41.0%) and 177 cases (33.1%), respectively. The degree of @entity1545 and the degree of intelligence defection according to WAIS-RC were higher in @entity2026 group compared with non- @entity2026 group (P < 0.05). The grade of disability correlated with the degree of @entity1545 , the result of WAIS-RC, the result of cerebral CT scanning, and the grade of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) abnormality (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the degree of @entity2026 did not correlate with appraisal time and the degree of @entity1545 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The factors influencing @entity2026 are complex. The findings of objective examination including cerebral CT scanning, BEAM, WAIS-RC and others should be considered as important indexes for disability evaluation.

title: [Forensic @entity146 cases of 534 XXXX caused by @entity131 ].

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['organic mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deficiency']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: 1. Whole-cell and single-channel K+ currents were recorded at room temperature (22-24 degrees C), from smooth muscle cells enzymatically dispersed from the @entity19 ileum, using variations of the patch-clamp technique. 2. Net outward K+ currents recorded through @entity2379 -B-perforated patches in response to step depolarizations positive to -50 mV from a holding potential of -80 mV were decreased by up to 70% by external apamin (0.5 microM). Apamin-sensitive whole-cell currents were also recorded from cells perfused internally with 150 nM @entity141 but not from cells perfused internally with 85 nM @entity141 . 3. Three types of non-inactivating @entity141 -sensitive K+ channels were identified in cell-attached and excised patches under an asymmetrical K+ gradient: (i) large conductance ( @entity4029 ; approximately 200 pS) channels blocked by 2 mM external @entity1041 ; (ii) intermediate conductance (IKCa; approximately 39 pS) channels blocked by 2 mM external @entity1041 and inhibited by external apamin (0.5 microM); and (iii) small conductance (SKCa; approximately 10 pS) channels that were not blocked by 5 mM external @entity1041 but were sensitive to extracellular apamin (0.5 microM). 4. The @entity1041 -resistant SKCa channels were activated by an increase in [ @entity141 ]i with an EC50 of 1.5 microM and a Hill coefficient of 1.3. 5. P2 purinoceptor agonists @entity20483 ( @entity20483 ), @entity43638 and @entity855 (10-50 microM) increased an apamin-sensitive whole-cell outward K+ current. Extrapatch application of @entity20483 (20-100 microM) stimulated the apamin-sensitive IKCa and SKCa channels and activated an apamin-sensitive steady outward current at 0 mV. 6. Smooth muscle cells from the @entity19 ileum possess two apamin-sensitive K+ channels (IKCa and SKCa); of these, the IKCa channels are @entity1041 sensitive while the SKCa channels are @entity1041 resistant. These channels, along with an apamin-sensitive but @entity1041 -resistant steady outward current, may mediate membrane hyperpolarization elicited by purinergic agonists.

title: Activation of small conductance XXXX -dependent K+ channels by purinergic agonists in smooth muscle cells of the @entity19 ileum.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity20483 :: ('MESH:C008501', 'Chemical') :: ['2-MeSATP', '2-methylthioATP']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of particulate matters less than 2.5  m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on heart repolarization/depolarization and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: We conducted a panel study for elderly subjects with @entity299 in Beijing from 2007 to 2008. PM2.5 was measured at a fixed station for 20 h continuously each day while electrocardiogram (ECG) indexes of 42 subjects were also recorded repeatedly. Meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A mixed linear regression model was used to estimate the associations between PM2.5 and the ECG indexes. The model was adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, day of the week and meteorology. RESULTS: Significant adverse effects of PM2.5 on ECG indexes reflecting HRV were observed statistically and the strongest effect of PM2.5 on HRV was on @entity8609 day in our study. However, there were no associations between PM2.5 and ECG indexes reflecting heart repolarization/depolarization. Additionally, the effects of PM2.5 on subjects with @entity101 were larger than on the subjects without @entity101 . CONCLUSION: This study showed ambient PM2.5 could affect cardiac autonomic function of the elderly @entity1 with @entity299 , and subjects with @entity101 appeared to be more susceptive to the @entity5433 induced by PM2.5.

title: Relationship between ambient fine particles and ventricular repolarization changes and heart rate variability of elderly @entity1 with XXXX in Beijing, China.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: Intra-arterial infusion of @entity632 ( @entity632 ) has increasing clinical usage in various chemotherapeutic protocols for treatment of @entity242 and other @entity5 . This route of drug delivery is generally believed to provide better delivery of drug to the @entity5 than intravenous infusion. However, the differential delivery of drug to the @entity5 for the two methods has not been adequately described. An analytical model has been developed to investigate the hemodynamics of intra-arterial @entity632 in terms of various parameters including location of injection; @entity5 site, resistance, and blood flow; relative resistances and blood flows in adjacent structures; and the pharmacokinetics of @entity632 plasma concentration. A three-phase exponential model is fitted to experimental plasma concentration measurements and used in the formulation of equations describing @entity5 @entity632 exposure. For typical values of @entity5 blood flow (4-20 ml/min/100 gr) and size (1,000 gm), it is estimated that with intravenous injection of @entity632 the @entity5 is exposed to only 4-19% of the injected drug. Substantially higher doses of @entity632 are delivered to the @entity5 by intra-arterial injection. Typically 3-4 times more @entity5 when injected into a major artery proximal to the @entity5 -feeding vessel, as into the common femoral artery for a @entity242 of the leg. With injection directly into a major @entity5 arterial feeding vessel, as much as 6 to 26 times the mass of drug is delivered to the @entity5 compared to a comparable intravenous injection.hus, smaller doses of drug should be required for tumorcidal activity and systemic @entity137 of the drug may be reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An analytical model for intra-arterial versus intravenous infusion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'drug flows through the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Adriamycin']


abstract: AIMS: The extracellular @entity224 dismutase 3 ( @entity25901 ) is an isoform of SOD. Extensive studies have been focused on role of @entity25901 as an antioxidant. However, the role of @entity25901 in the immune responses that contribute to the inhibition of @entity55 has not been investigated. RESULTS: Here, we report for the first time that @entity25901 specifically inhibits dendritic cell maturation. Subsequently, @entity25901 controls T cell activation and proliferation, and T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cell differentiation. As a consequence, the administration of @entity25901 into @entity19 alleviated Th2-cell-mediated @entity10328 (OVA)-induced @entity56 . In addition, we demonstrated that @entity25901 inhibits OVA-induced airway extracellular remodeling and Th2 cell trafficking. Through mass spectrometry analysis, the proteins interacting with @entity25901 in the lung of @entity565 were identified. And it was revealed that signaling molecules, such as transforming growth factor (TGF) and @entity12841 , adhesion and adaptor molecules, kinases, phosphatases, @entity1110 oxidase, and apoptosis-related factor, were involved, which were altered by administration of @entity25901 . Relatively severe @entity565 was observed in @entity25901 KO @entity19 and was ameliorated by both the administration of @entity25901 and adoptive transfer of @entity25901 -sufficient @entity1961 T cells. Moreover, the expression of endogenous @entity25901 in the lung peaked early in OVA challenge and gradually decreased upon disease progression, while both @entity182 and @entity183 expression changed relatively little. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: Thus, our data suggest that @entity25901 is required to maintain lung homeostasis and acts, at least in part, as a controller of signaling and a decision maker to determine the progression of @entity358 .

title: @entity224 dismutase 3 controls adaptive immune responses and contributes to the inhibition of @entity10328 -induced allergic airway inflammation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1763 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) in a subpopulation of @entity1 , although this has recently been questioned by some investigators. Here I describe the results of our analyses into the @entity2358 of @entity1 with @entity306 , which resulted from @entity75 . Based on cranial CT or MRI findings, the @entity1 were divided into five groups: A, those showing high density on CT in the basal nuclei (bilateral thalami in particular); B, those showing destruction of bilateral putamina; C, those with diffuse low-density areas in the cerebral white matter on CT during the neonatal period that evolved later into @entity5719 ; D, those with similar low-density areas which subsequently resolved; and E, those without any pathological findings. Using video records, I demonstrated the motor development of six cases with @entity306 . @entity1 of Group A showed pure @entity8684 with @entity2421 . A @entity1 of Group B had severe @entity306 with @entity508 , being unable to right his trunk and neck. A case of Group C developed severe @entity1688 with @entity8684 . His mental ability was retained to some extent. In Group D, there was moderate @entity508 and mild @entity8684 . A @entity1 with transient anxia had disturbance in the coordinated finger movements. Cases with @entity4790 had no particular CT or MRI findings. Even in the severest of these cases, distinction from normal @entity1 was difficult in the very early infancy. After four to five months, locomotive prognoses were well predicted by the @entity1 ' ability to control their trunk. To know more about the pathogenesis and @entity306 and to elucidate the significance of @entity2358 , further data should be accumulated by clinical observations on motor development, and by imaging studies.

title: [ XXXX and birth injuries to brain].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal hypoxic brain damages']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreic movements']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['athetosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'athetoid CP', 'CP']

answer: @entity2358 :: (MESH:D020820,Disease) :: ['Involuntary movements']


abstract: @entity1778 represents the clonal expansion of an individual cell lineage of the hematopoietic system at a specific point of its maturation and development. This dysregulated expansion of cells is often accompanied by altered adherence to the bone marrow microenvironment and abnormalities in endogenous cytokine production by neoplastic cells. Proteoglycans (PGs) synthesized by neoplastic cells may interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and/or locally produced cytokines. It is believed that these events may be mediated by the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) moiety of PGs such as heparan or chondroitin @entity597 , and depends on its charge. The strength of GAG-cytokine binding may be determined by the extent of sulfation of the GAG chains. The synthesis, metabolism and biological role of PGs in @entity1583 have not been clearly defined. In order to study how alterations of GAGs in leukemic cells may alter cellular behavior, we treated the @entity19 myeloid leukemic cell line WeHi-3B with @entity3781 . This drug reduces the sulfation of GAGs, since @entity3782 is a potent inhibitor of @entity597 adenylyltransferase. The undersulfated GAGs produced by WeHi-3B cells were not efficient in controlling the mitotic rate of the cells, since a decrease in cell proliferation was observed in vitro. These data suggest that the complexes formed by GAGs with ECM components and/or cytokines may have an important role in the induction of leukemic cell proliferation. It is possible that the stimulatory activity elicited by this binding may be dependent upon the organization of these complexes.

title: Undersulfation of glycosaminoglycans reduces the proliferation of a XXXX cell line in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3782 :: ('CHEBI:49709', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorate']

entities_list: @entity3781 :: ('MESH:C032706', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chlorate']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced in the USA, many @entity1 were vaccinated on schedules that differed from those tested in clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine against various pneumococcal serotypes, and to measure the effectiveness of the recommended dose schedule and of catch-up and incomplete schedules. METHODS: Invasive disease, defined as isolation of pneumococcus from a sterile site, was identified in @entity1 aged 3-59 months through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance. We tested isolates for serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility. Three controls, matched for age and @entity10688 code were selected for each case. We calculated the matched odds ratio for vaccination using conditional logistic regression, controlling for underlying conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as one minus the adjusted matched odds ratio times 100%. FINDINGS: We enrolled 782 cases and 2512 controls. Effectiveness of one or more doses against vaccine serotypes was 96% (95% CI 93-98) in healthy @entity1 and 81% (57-92) in those with coexisting disorders. It was 76% (63-85) against @entity281 that were not susceptible to @entity114 . Vaccination prevented disease caused by all seven vaccine serotypes, and by vaccine-related serotype 6A. Several schedules were more protective than no vaccination; three @entity1 doses with a booster were more protective against vaccine-type disease than were three @entity1 doses alone (p=0.0323). INTERPRETATION: The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine prevents @entity3 in both healthy and chronically ill @entity1 . The vaccine is effective when used with various non-standard schedules.

title: Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against XXXX : a matched case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive pneumococcal disease']


abstract: Back @entity2531 are both common conditions in the population with influence on the @entity1 motor system, but a possible co-morbidity between these conditions has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of an association between long-term @entity615 and @entity158 in the jaw-face region. Back @entity158 was defined as @entity158 in the neck, shoulders and/or low back. The study-population comprised 96 cases with long-term @entity615 and 192 controls without @entity615 . We used a screening procedure, a questionnaire and a clinical examination of the jaw function. The questionnaire focused on location, frequency, duration, intensity and impact on daily life of symptoms in the jaw-face and back regions. The analysis was conducted on 16 strata, matched by age and sex for case vs. control, using Mantel-Haenszel estimates of matched odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as well as the corrected Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test. The overall prevalence of frequent symptoms in the jaw-face region, as reported in the questionnaire, was 47% among cases and 12% among controls. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.0001) with a sevenfold odds ratio (CI: 3.9-13.7). Moderate to severe signs from the jaw region were clinically registered among 49% of the cases and 17% of the controls (P<0.0001, OR: 5.2, CI: 2.9-9.2). The results showed statistically significant associations between long-term @entity615 and @entity85 in the jaw-face and indicate co-morbidity between these two conditions.

title: Back XXXX in relation to @entity85 in the jaw-face: a matched case-control study.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and/or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report the results of @entity1 undergoing combined excision, cryotherapy, and intraoperative @entity1138 (EXCRIM) for primary ocular surface @entity5 (OSSN) METHODS: A retrospective review of a non-comparative interventional case series. Histopathologically confirmed primary localized (less than four clock hours) OSSN treated with EXCRIM using adjuvant 0.02 % @entity1138 (MMC) were included in the study. The main outcome measures were recurrence and complications related to @entity1139 . RESULTS: The study enrolled 28 eyes of 28 @entity1 with OSSN with a median age of 64.5 (range 43 to 84) years. The mean @entity5 size was 6.9   4.35 mm. There was corneal involvement in 23 of 28 (82 %). Seven @entity1 (21 %) had delayed epithelial healing. Two of eight @entity1 (25 %) with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) had positive lateral margins. There were no recurrences over a mean follow-up of 49 months (range 24 to 96). CONCLUSION: The excision of OSSN combined with cryotherapy and intraoperative MMC is effective with a low recurrence rate. Long-term follow-up yielded favorable results.

title: Combined excision, cryotherapy, and intraoperative @entity1138 (EXCRIM) for localized intraepithelial and XXXX of the conjunctiva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity917 is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist. Clinical studies have shown that this is an effective and well tolerated drug. AIM: To compare @entity917 with other commonly used antihypertensives in a National multicentric study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, a pharmacological surveillance of @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity101 , coming from different regions of the country, was carried out. @entity1 were followed during 8 weeks. In the group treated with @entity917 , the initial dose was 80 mg/day. After four weeks of therapy, and according to @entity1 's response the dose of @entity917 or of the other antihypertensives was modified. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety three @entity1 , aged 59 years old as a mean, were included in the study. Of these 434 (265 female) received @entity917 and 159 (101 female) other antihypertensive drugs. Fifteen percent of @entity1 treated with @entity917 and 25% of @entity1 with other medications required a dose change at four weeks, due to lack of response (p < 0.01). At week eight, 1.5% of @entity1 with @entity917 and 17.4% of @entity1 with other medications reported adverse effects such as cough, @entity10 , @entity4 or @entity1671 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this Chilean observational multicentric study, @entity917 proved to be more effective and to cause less adverse effects than commonly used medications in @entity101 @entity1 .

title: [Antihypertensive effects of XXXX . National multicentric study].

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity917 :: (MESH:C081489,Chemical) :: ['valsartan']


abstract: To evaluate photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 combined with intravitreal bevacizumab in minimally classic and occult @entity1940 secondary to age-related @entity1020 . 46 eyes of 46 @entity1 (mean age 74.5) included in this prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Median follow-up was 24 weeks (12-36). Verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) was followed by 0.05 mL (1.25 mg) of bevacizumab injected intravitreally within 24 hours and again after 6 weeks. Whole procedure was repeated in 3-month intervals in case of leakage. Visual acuity (VA) improved in majority of @entity1 (baseline VA 1.041 log MAR) by mean increase of 1.45 lines (last follow-up) (p = 0.001). Central foveal thickness (CFT) and total macular volume ( @entity21104 ) decreased by 53 microm (p = 0.03) and 1.04 mm3 (p < 0.001) respectively. No serious complications were observed. Combined treatment may improve outcome of monotherapy. Significant improvement in VA, CFT and @entity10226 was noted in majority of @entity1 and maintained during follow-up.

title: Photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in treatment of @entity1940 secondary to age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The scheduled update to the German S3 guidelines on @entity239 ( @entity239 ) by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften", AWMF; registration number 041/004) was planned starting in March 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development of the guidelines was coordinated by the German Interdisciplinary Association for @entity158 Therapy ("Deutsche Interdisziplin  ren Vereinigung f  r Schmerztherapie", DIVS), 9  scientific medical societies and 2  @entity1 self-help organizations. Eight working groups with a total of 50  members were evenly balanced in terms of gender, medical field, potential conflicts of interest and hierarchical position in the medical and scientific fields. Literature searches were performed using the Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases (until December 2010). The grading of the strength of the evidence followed the scheme of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The recommendations were based on level of evidence, efficacy (meta-analysis of the outcomes @entity158 , sleep, fatigue and health-related quality of life), acceptability (total dropout rate), risks (adverse events) and applicability of treatment modalities in the German health care system. The formulation and grading of recommendations was accomplished using a multi-step, formal consensus process. The guidelines were reviewed by the boards of the participating scientific medical societies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Meditative movement therapies (qi gong, tai chi, yoga) are strongly recommended. Acupuncture can be considered. Mindfulness-based stress reduction as monotherapy and dance therapy as monotherapy are not recommended. Homeopathy is not recommended. In a minority vote, homeopathy was rated as "can be considered". Nutritional supplements and reiki are not recommended. The English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink (under "Supplemental").

title: [Complementary and alternative therapies for XXXX . Systematic review, meta-analysis and guideline].

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Snakebite is a global health issue and treatment with antivenom continues to be problematic. @entity5900 (genus Pseudonaja) are the most medically important group of Australian snakes and there is controversy over the dose of @entity5900 antivenom. We aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of definite @entity5900 (Pseudonaja spp.) envenoming, and determine the dose of antivenom required. METHODS AND FINDING: This was a prospective observational study of definite @entity5900 envenoming from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP) based on snake identification or specific enzyme immunoassay for Pseudonaja venom. From January 2004 to January 2012 there were 149 definite @entity5900 bites [median age 42 y (2-81 y); 100 males]. Systemic envenoming occurred in 136 (88%) cases. All envenomed @entity1 developed venom induced @entity1003 (VICC), with complete VICC in 109 (80%) and partial VICC in 27 (20%). Systemic symptoms occurred in 61 (45%) and mild @entity2359 in 2 (1%). Myotoxicity did not occur. Severe envenoming occurred in 51 @entity1 (38%) and was characterised by @entity891 or @entity551 (37), @entity9818 (15), major @entity548 (5), @entity1167 (7) and @entity204 (6). The median peak venom concentration in 118 envenomed @entity1 was 1.6 ng/mL (Range: 0.15-210 ng/mL). The median initial antivenom dose was 2 vials (Range: 1-40) in 128 patients receiving antivenom. There was no difference in INR recovery or clinical outcome between @entity1 receiving one or more than one vial of antivenom. Free venom was not detected in 112/115 patients post-antivenom with only low concentrations (0.4 to 0.9 ng/ml) in three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Envenoming by brown snakes causes VICC and over a third of @entity1 had serious complications including major @entity548 , @entity891 and @entity455 . The results of this study support accumulating evidence that giving more than one vial of antivenom is unnecessary in @entity5900 envenoming.

title: Clinical effects and antivenom dosing in XXXX (Pseudonaja spp.) envenoming--Australian snakebite project (ASP-14).

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['brown snake', 'Brown snakes']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['brown snake']


abstract: The safety and immunogenicity of two authentic recombinant (ar) @entity10787 ( @entity10787 ) viruses, one with a deletion in the NSs region of the S RNA segment (arMP-12  NSs16/198) and the other with a large deletion of the NSm gene in the pre Gn region of the M RNA segment (arMP-12  NSm21/384) of the @entity10787 were tested in crossbred ewes at 30-50 days of gestation. First, we evaluated the neutralizing antibody response, measured by plaque reduction neutralization ( @entity40295 (80)), and clinical response of the two viruses in groups of four ewes each. The virus dose was 1*10(5)plaque forming units (PFU). Control groups of four ewes each were also inoculated with a similar dose of @entity10787 or the parent recombinant virus (arMP-12). Neutralizing antibody was first detected in 3 of 4 animals inoculated with arMP-12  NSm21/384 on Day 5 post inoculation and all four animals had @entity40295 (80) titers of >= 1:20 on Day 6. Neutralizing antibody was first detected in 2 of 4 ewes inoculated with arMP-12  NSs16/198 on Day 7 and all had @entity40295 (80) titers of >= 1:20 on Day 10. We found the mean @entity40295 (80) response to arMP-12  NSs16/198 to be 16- to 25-fold lower than that of ewes inoculated with arMP-12  NSm21/384, arMP-12 or @entity10787 . No abortions occurred though a single @entity5617 in each of the arMP-12 and @entity10787 groups was found at necropsy. The poor @entity40295 (80) response to arMP-12  NSs16/198 caused us to discontinue further testing of this candidate and focus on arMP-12  NSm21/384. A dose escalation study of arMP-12  NSm21/384 showed that 1*10(3)plaque forming units (PFU) stimulate a @entity40295 (80) response comparable to doses of up to 1*10(5)PFU of this virus. With further study, the arMP-12  NSm21/384 virus may prove to be a safe and efficacious candidate for a livestock vaccine. The large deletion in the NSm gene may also provide a negative marker that will allow serologic differentiation of naturally infected animals from vaccinated animals.

title: Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant XXXX MP-12 vaccine candidates in sheep.

entities_list: @entity10787 :: ('MESH:D012295', 'Disease') :: ['Rift Valley fever', 'RVF MP-12', 'RVF MP-12 vaccine virus', 'RVF']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity10787 :: (MESH:D012295,Disease) :: ['Rift Valley fever']


abstract: 1. @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase-catalyzed peroxidation of @entity36608 is inhibited by @entity224 dismutase, @entity2196 , @entity1068 , and @entity2656 , and is potentiated by @entity274 . 2. @entity274 is shown to be generated in the incubation mixture in the presence of @entity1110 and @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase. If the system contains @entity36609 complex, @entity274 is not formed. In the presence of the enzyme and @entity36609 complex, added @entity274 is consumed. 3. In the presence of @entity36609 complex, @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase is shown to generate O-2 at a slow rate. These results suggest that @entity274 produced from O-2 is decomposed to form @entity2145 . by the action of @entity36609 complex in the lipid peroxidation system, and that @entity2145 . is a trigger of lipid peroxidation.

title: Participation of XXXX , hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase-catalyzed peroxidation of @entity36608 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity36608 :: ('MESH:C047376', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl linolenate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: 1. Wilted @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Endura) was ensiled without additive or after addition of a mixture of equal volumes of @entity5189 (850 g/kg) and @entity406 (380 g @entity406 /kg) applied at a rate of 35 g @entity406 /kg herbage crude protein ( @entity1568 x 6.25). The digestion of the two silages and the effect of supplemental N as @entity1133 or @entity1133 plus soya-bean meal on the digestion of the treated silage was studied using @entity742 fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum. 2. The additive markedly reduced @entity1735 fermentation and protein degradation in the silo. 3. There were no significant differences between diets in rumen pH, dilution rate, volatile @entity844 production and the molar proportions of @entity598 , @entity4919 and @entity4876 . However, rumen @entity3265 levels and the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE) and cellulose in the stomach were significantly depressed (P less than 0.05) by the additive. It also reduced (P less than 0.05) the extent to which the N of the silage was degraded in the rumen and, with the treated silage, more microbial N was synthesized in the rumen than food N degraded, resulting in a net grain of N between mouth and duodenum, as compared to a net loss with the untreated silage. 4. Supplementation of the treated silage with @entity1133 or @entity1133 plus soya-bean meal significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the amount of food N degraded in the rumen and rumen ammonia levels but had no effect on the apparent digestibility of OM, GE and cellulose in the stomach or on the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum. 5. The quantity of microbial @entity1522 entering the small intestine and the apparent digestibility of @entity1522 in the small intestine were similar for all four diets. However, the quantity of food @entity1522 reaching the small intestine was significantly higher with the three diets containing the treated silage and consequently the apparent absorption of @entity1522 from the small intestine was substantially higher with these diets than with the untreated silage.

title: The effect of @entity406 treatment before ensiling on the digestion of wilted grass silage by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne L']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess a model to screen minority, elderly, and at-risk individuals for @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity2299 in pharmacy and non-health care settings. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, observational trial. SETTING: 26 pharmacies and 4 non-health care settings. @entity1 : 888 individuals with one or more of the following risk factors: first-degree relative with @entity6 , age 55 years or older, @entity28 , previous diagnosis of @entity101 , or a previous diagnosis of @entity2299 . INTERVENTION: Measurement of plasma @entity413 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), and blood pressure; risk assessment using a risk factor tool; referral of @entity1 with abnormalities to physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adherence with follow-up, physician recommendations, and new diagnoses of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity2299 . RESULTS: Pharmacists screened 888 @entity1 in pharmacies and non-health care settings; 794 scored at least 10 on the risk factor tool and received further screenings. Of these, 81% were referred for follow-up for at least one abnormality: 15% @entity413 , 68% blood pressure, 66% total @entity165 , and 26% HDL-C. For those referred, the mean (+/- SD) fasting plasma @entity413 concentration was 179 +/- 87 mg/dL, and the random @entity413 concentration was 234 +/- 90 mg/dL. Of @entity1 completing follow-up, 16% received one or more new diagnoses as follows: @entity6 , 8; @entity101 , 9; and @entity2299 , 29. Therapy changed for 42% of @entity1 . @entity1 who were elderly, of African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity, or those with elevated @entity165 values were at significantly greater risk for elevated @entity413 levels. Screenings in community pharmacy settings had improved follow-up rates with physicians compared with screenings conducted in non-health care settings. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists identified individuals with elevated @entity413 , @entity165 , and blood pressure values through community-based screenings. Pharmacists also identified individuals who could benefit from further control of previously diagnosed @entity101 and @entity407 .

title: Pharmacy- and community-based screenings for XXXX and cardiovascular conditions in high-risk individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67 often precedes the onset of @entity712 . We previously demonstrated that @entity67 and @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 can be ameliorated by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). METHODS: We analyzed cardiac phenotypes of 2 "single" congenic strains, @entity42794 .L33 and @entity42794 .L28, by echocardiography, in which a specific Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 chromosome segment was replaced by its Lewis homologue. @entity42794 .L33 improves diastolic function (DF) and @entity4346 only in @entity35 aged 10 weeks, not aged 15 weeks. @entity42794 .L28 alleviated @entity4346 , but not @entity67 . Thus, the QTLs captured by @entity42794 .L33 and @entity42794 .L28 are designated as DF/ @entity4346 C10QTL7 and @entity4346 C10QTL4, respectively. We then combined multiple single strains to form 2 congenic combinations. One of the 2 congenic combinations included the chromosome segments covered by @entity42794 .L33 and @entity42794 .L28. RESULTS: @entity67 was either completely or partially reversed by 15 weeks in the 2 congenic combinations. @entity4346 was permanently improved from 10 to 15 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct QTLs exist that regulate diastolic function and/or @entity4346 in the short term when acting alone, but durably when combined. The @entity657 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 ( @entity657 ) gene is the prime candidate for DF/ @entity4346 C10QTL7, owing to a nonconserved coding mutation. Schlafen genes are candidates for @entity4346 C10QTL4. Since @entity657 and Schlafens are not known for influencing diastolic function and left ventricular mass, novel long-term strategies of prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy for @entity712 and @entity4346 appear from this work.

title: Unique quantitative trait loci in synergy permanently improve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity42794 :: ('p|SUB|C|10|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C10S']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) is an increasingly recognized cause of @entity11103 in @entity1 ; however, there is significant discord regarding its incidence and the rate of associated conditions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity1781 and the rate of associated endocrine, neurologic, and @entity851 among a population-based cohort of pediatric @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based study. SETTING: Olmsted County, Minnesota (95.7% white in 1990). @entity1 : All pediatric residents (aged <19 years) of Olmstead County, diagnosed as having @entity1781 from January 1, 1984, through December 31, 2008. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence of @entity1781 and the rate of associated endocrine, neurologic, and @entity851 . RESULTS: @entity1781 was diagnosed in 19 pediatric @entity1 during the 25-year study period, for an annual incidence of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-3.5) per 100,000 residents younger than 19 years or 1 in 2287 live births. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.1 years, and 10 (53%) @entity1 were male. Commonly associated perinatal conditions included primiparity in 8 @entity1 (42%), premature birth in 6 (32%), and @entity6 in 3 (16%). Of the 19 study @entity1 , 16 (84%) had bilateral involvement at initial examination, 9 (47%) had decreased visual acuity, 8 (42%) had strabismus, and 5 (26%) had @entity346 . Systemic conditions included @entity245 in 12 (63%), @entity51 in 10 (53%), and endocrine dysfunction in 5 (26%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This population-based study demonstrated an incidence of @entity1781 of 1 in 2287 live births. More than half of the @entity1 had developmental and @entity51 , and one-fourth had a @entity4903 .

title: Incidence and associated endocrine and neurologic abnormalities of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['maternal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity11103 :: ('MESH:C536600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital blindness']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve hypoplasia', 'ONH']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve hypoplasia']


abstract: @entity43667 ( @entity23872 ) suppresses apoptosis and protects neurons from damage in animal models. @entity23872 is thought to act by inhibiting @entity2367 production by sphingomyelinase. @entity2367 is a proapoptotic intracellular signal that is involved in the @entity2806 . We wished to see whether @entity2367 contributes to @entity23872 's neuroprotective effects in vivo. Seven-day-old @entity35 pups had the right carotid arteries permanently ligated followed by 2.5 h of @entity519 (8% @entity26 ). @entity23872 (10 mg/kg, n=62) or vehicle (n=63) was administered by i.p. 5 min prior to @entity519 . The level of @entity2367 in brain cortex both in lesioned and unlesioned hemispheres was measured at 8 h, 18 h, 24 h, 2 and 5 days after @entity519 - @entity63 using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The level of @entity2367 significantly increased due to @entity63 at 18, 24 h and 2 days after @entity519 (P<0.05 or P<0.01) but not at 8 h or 5 days after @entity519 as compared to the contralateral hemisphere or a sham group. Pretreatment with @entity23872 reduced this increase. We also examined the level of @entity4291 and the activities of the @entity2367 synthesizing sphingomyelinase enzymes by thin layer chromatography. The activities of acidic and neutral sphingomyelinase significantly increased due to @entity63 at 24 h after @entity519 . @entity23872 significantly reduced this increase (P<0.05 vs. vehicle) but did not affect the level of @entity4291 . The results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity2367 is involved in @entity23872 's neuroprotective effects in @entity2806 in the newborn @entity35 .

title: @entity43667 reduces @entity2367 during @entity2806 in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemia', 'hypoxic ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide', 'Ceramide']

entities_list: @entity43667 :: ('CHEBI:9642', 'Chemical') :: ['N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl-chloromethyl ketone']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity1164 in @entity712 Trial ( @entity5099 -HeFT), @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality rates compared with medical therapy alone in @entity1 with stable, moderately symptomatic @entity712 , whereas @entity2643 had no benefit on mortality rates. We examined long-term economic implications of these results. METHODS AND RESULTS: Medical costs were estimated by using hospital billing data and the Medicare Fee Schedule. Our base case cost-effectiveness analysis used empirical clinical and cost data to estimate the lifetime incremental cost of saving an extra life-year with @entity737 therapy relative to medical therapy alone. At 5 years, the @entity2643 arm had a survival rate equivalent to that of the placebo arm and higher costs than the placebo arm. For @entity737 relative to medical therapy alone, the base case lifetime cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios (discounted at 3%) were dollar 38,389 per life-year saved (LYS) and dollar 41,530 per quality-adjusted LYS, respectively. A cost-effectiveness ratio < dollar 100,000 was obtained in 99% of 1000 bootstrap repetitions. The cost-effectiveness ratio was sensitive to the amount of extrapolation beyond the empirical 5-year trial data: dollar 127,503 per LYS at 5 years, dollar 88,657 per LYS at 8 years, and dollar 58,510 per LYS at 12 years. Because of a significant interaction between @entity737 treatment and New York Heart Association class, the cost-effectiveness ratio was dollar 29,872 per LYS for class II, whereas there was incremental cost but no incremental benefit in class III. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of single-lead, shock-only @entity737 therapy is economically attractive in @entity1 with stable, moderately symptomatic @entity712 with an ejection fraction < or = 35%, particularly those in NYHA class II, as long as the benefits of @entity737 therapy observed in the @entity5099 -HeFT persist for at least 8 years.

title: Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or @entity2643 in chronic stable @entity712 : results from the XXXX in @entity712 Trial ( @entity5099 -HeFT).

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden Cardiac Death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden Cardiac Death']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare positional and volumetric differences of planning target volumes (PTVs) defined on axial three dimensional CT (3D CT) and four dimensional CT (4D CT) for @entity96 . Fourteen @entity1 with @entity96 underwent 3D CT and 4D CT simulation scans during free @entity1353 . The @entity5 motion was measured by 4D CT. Three internal target volumes (ITVs) were produced based on the clinical target volume from 3DCT (CTV3D): i) A conventional ITV (ITVconv) was produced by adding 10 mm in CC direction and 5 mm in LR and and AP directions to CTV3D; ii) A specific ITV (ITVspec) was created using a specific margin in transaxial direction; iii) ITVvector was produced by adding an isotropic margin derived from the individual @entity5 motion vector. ITV4D was defined on the fusion of CTVs on all phases of 4D CT. PTVs were generated by adding a 5 mm setup margin to ITVs. The average centroid shifts between PTVs derived from 3DCT and PTV4D in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and cranial-caudal (CC) directions were close to zero. Comparing PTV4D to PTVconv, PTVspec, and PTVvector resulted in a decrease in volume size by 33.18%    12.39%, 24.95%    13.01%, 48.08%    15.32%, respectively. The mean @entity2803 ( @entity2803 ) of PTV4D in PTVconv, and PTV4D in PTVspec, and PTV4D in PTVvector was 0.98, 0.97, and 0.99, which showed no significant correlation to @entity5 motion vector (r = -0.470, 0.259, and 0.244; p = 0.090, 0.371, and 0.401). The mean DIs of PTVconv in PTV4D, PTVspec in PTV4D, and PTVvector in PTV4D was 0.66, 0.73, and 0.52. The size of individual @entity343 from 4D CT is significantly less than that of PTVs from 3DCT. The position of targets derived from axial 3DCT images scatters around the center of 4D targets randomly. Compared to conventional @entity343 , the use of 3D CT-based PTVs with individual margins cannot significantly reduce normal tissues being unnecessarily irradiated, but may contribute to reducing the risk of missing targets for @entity5 with large motion.

title: Analysis of the advantage of individual PTVs defined on axial 3D CT and 4D CT images for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'degree of inclusions']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity440 is an effective treatment for @entity0 but an undesirable side-effect is an increased risk of @entity1204 , particularly rare @entity5 types associated with poor prognosis. We investigated whether @entity440 therapy increases mortality among @entity0 @entity1 subsequently diagnosed with @entity1204 . METHODS: We pooled case- @entity1 data from the three largest case-control studies of @entity440 in relation to @entity1204 after @entity0 (1,875 @entity1 : Netherlands, 765; United Kingdom, 786; United States, 324) and collected follow-up information on vital status. @entity0 were diagnosed in 1972 to 2005 with @entity1204 diagnosed in 1978 to 2006. We used Cox proportional hazards survival analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of 1,104 @entity204 occurred during, on average, 5.8 years following @entity1204 (32% attributed to @entity0 , 25% to @entity1204 ). Mortality from @entity1204 increased significantly with unfavorable non-endometrioid morphologies (P < 0.0001), International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging system for gynecological malignancy (FIGO) stage (P < 0.0001) and age (P < 0.0001). No overall association was observed between @entity440 treatment and @entity1204 (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: (0.89 to 1.55)). @entity440 use for at least five years was associated with increased @entity1204 (HR = 1.59 (1.13 to 2.25)). This association appeared to be due primarily to the excess of unfavorable histologies and advanced stage in @entity1 using @entity440 for five or more years since the association with mortality was no longer significant after adjustment for morphological type and FIGO stage (HR = 1.37 (0.97 to 1.93)). Those @entity1 with @entity5 , who stopped @entity440 use at least five years before their @entity1204 diagnosis, had a greater mortality risk from @entity1204 than endometrioid @entity1 with no @entity440 exposure (HR = 2.11 (1.13 to 3.94)). The explanation for this latter observation is not apparent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1204 after @entity0 who received @entity440 treatment for five years for @entity0 have greater @entity1204 risk than those who did not receive @entity440 . This can be attributed to non-endometrioid histological subtypes with poorer prognosis among long term @entity440 users.

title: @entity0 in relation to XXXX treatment: pooled results from three countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer mortality', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endometrioid tumors']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the wide use of antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) in @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ), predictors of @entity855 success remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that the degree of sympathoexcitation, as measured by the @entity50 ( @entity50 ) shortening during @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), is a predictor of @entity855 success. METHODS AND RESULTS: The charts of 462 @entity1 with dual-chamber @entity737 were reviewed. A total of 88 events in 26 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The mean @entity50 during the 4 seconds preceding the @entity1165 onset ( @entity50 -baseline), and during the 4 seconds prior to @entity855 delivery ( @entity50 - @entity1165 ) was measured. The percent shortening in @entity50 was calculated as (( @entity50 -baseline) - ( @entity50 - @entity1165 ))/( @entity50 -baseline) x 100. @entity1 were classified into the @entity855 -success and @entity855 -failure groups depending on the @entity1165 (s) response to @entity855 . Using a t-test analogue for clustered data, @entity1 in the @entity855 -success group exhibited a greater shortening in @entity50 when compared with the @entity855 -Failure group (5.8% compared to 4.7%, P = 0.007). The successful @entity855 events displayed an average @entity50 shortening of 6.0% compared to 1.8% in the unsuccessful @entity855 events (P = 0.029). When the events were analyzed, the sensitivity and specificity of a shortening in @entity50 of >10% in predicting @entity855 success were 0.29 and 1. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the @entity50 change during @entity1165 , a marker of the autonomic changes that accompany a @entity591 , is useful in predicting @entity855 success. Our findings suggest that analysis of the @entity50 during @entity1165 might play a role in future programming of @entity855 in @entity1 with @entity737 .

title: The magnitude of @entity50 change during XXXX is predictive of successful antitachycardia pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus cycle length', 'SCL']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity32 and oxidative stress are associated with @entity99 and development of @entity409 . The transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) play critical roles in modulating @entity99 and damage. Activation of NF-kB induces production of pro-inflammatory molecules including @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity7260 ( @entity7260 ) and @entity14119 ( @entity14119 ). Nrf2 regulates genes controlling antioxidants. Our laboratory previously showed that hepatocytes, the primary functional cell type comprising liver tissue, respond to the cytokine @entity20655 ( @entity20655 ) by increased production of @entity1421 , @entity7260 and @entity14119 . This increase is associated with nuclear translocation of NF-kB. In this study, we evaluated whether primary @entity235 hepatocytes pre-treated with the combination of @entity7726 ( @entity3874 ; 30 and 2000   ng/ml) and @entity28041 (SB; 298   ng/ml), agents with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, could attenuate @entity20655 -induced @entity32 and oxidative stress. The @entity3874 and SB combination reduced cytokine-induced @entity1421 , @entity7260 and @entity14119 production while also inhibiting NF-kB nuclear translocation. These changes were accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme-reduced @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) comparable to control levels. The study shows for the first time that the @entity3874 and SB combination inhibits both @entity32 and oxidative stress through two separate signalling pathways.

title: Hepatoprotective effects of XXXX and @entity28041 on @entity235 hepatocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity14119 :: ('403981(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'macrophage chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity7726 :: (MESH:D012436,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']