abstract: A 13-year-old @entity1 with @entity981 underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling in the second remission phase. After the dose of @entity205 (CyA) was reduced, @entity1353 appeared on Day 117. CT revealed diffuse interstitial shadows on the bilateral lungs. The results of broncho-alveolar lavage suggested @entity10592 . The dose of @entity799 was increased, and @entity134 therapy was started. The symptoms transiently subsided, but exacerbated with a reduction in the @entity134 dose. On Day 139, mediastinal and subcutaneous @entity2415 appeared. We considered that non-infectious @entity401 was primarily involved in the pathogenesis for the following reasons: the @entity1 was negative for b-D-glucan early after onset, and there was a correlation between the @entity134 -dose reduction and condition. The @entity134 dose was again increased to 80 mg and the symptoms promptly subsided. When late-onset non-infectious @entity358 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation lead to @entity2478 , the mortality rate is very high. However, survival may be achieved by intensifying immunosuppressive therapy in the early stage.

title: [Successful treatment with prednisolone for @entity2478 following XXXX after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['air-leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: Intravascular @entity1377 (IPEH; @entity5 ) is a @entity455 of blood vessels, first described in 1923 by Masson, who termed it "hemangioendotheliome vegetant Intravasculaire." This lesion consists of an exuberant, usually intravascular, proliferation of normal endothelial cells and is considered to be a reactive vascular proliferation after @entity1317 . The disease frequently occurs in skin and subcutaneous tissue; occurrence in solid organs is rare. We report a rare case IPEH that recurred as a possible consequence of an acute @entity101 arterial crisis in a @entity1 with @entity454 after kidney transplantectomy. Thirty days after transplantectomy, a 49-year-old white @entity1 receiving hemodialysis had @entity812 with @entity3485 after a @entity101 arterial crisis. An emergency non-contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomographic scan showed a @entity548 . A left nephrectomy was performed for evidence of a native kidney breach with toilette of the abdominal cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that the @entity8 had several important distinguishing characteristics that confirmed the diagnosis of IPEH. This lesion is considered to be an usual form of @entity715 organization that is marked by excessive papillary endothelial proliferation. In rare cases, it is present in a solid organ of the abdominal cavity especially the kidney. Intravascular @entity1377 is a benign lesion but can be dangerous. Clinical, radiologic, and histologic diagnosis of IPEH is difficult.

title: Serious XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary endothelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Masson tumor']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the left abdominal flank and acute anemia']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['serious hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic vascular stasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['renal hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity9474 is a @entity461 resistance condition, characterised by biochemical findings of hypocalcaemia or normocalcaemia with inappropriately elevated @entity461 level and usually with a typical @entity14573 feature. We report an @entity1 with @entity9474 , who presented with @entity28 and @entity730 as a clue to diagnosis. A 1-year-old female @entity1 presented with suspected @entity699 . She had round face, flushed cheeks, short nose and low nasal bridge. The @entity1 was normotensive and not virilised. Investigations for @entity699 were all negative. @entity730 was detected over both legs and the abdominal wall. @entity461 level was inappropriately elevated with a slightly high @entity460 level. Her mother was also noted to have @entity29257 with normal @entity460 and @entity461 levels. Therefore, the diagnoses of @entity9474 and maternal @entity29259 were made. This @entity1 presented with an early manifestation of @entity29257 . Diagnosis of @entity9474 should be considered as an unusual cause of @entity28 in @entity1 , particularly in the differential diagnosis of @entity699 when tall stature rather than @entity851 is present.

title: Early manifestation of @entity28 and XXXX in @entity9474 .

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism', 'infantile pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia', 'pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia', 'Pseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity14573 :: ('MESH:D012080', 'Disease') :: ['osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity29257 :: ('MESH:C537045', 'Disease') :: ["Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy", "Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy features"]

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcinosis cutis', 'calcinosis cutis']

entities_list: @entity29259 :: ('MESH:D011556', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcinosis cutis']


abstract: DEVELOPMENTAL FATE DECISIONS IN CELL POPULATIONS FUNDAMENTALLY DEPEND ON AT LEAST TWO PARAMETERS: a signal that is perceived by the cell and the intrinsic ability of the cell to respond to the signal. The same regulatory logic holds for phase transitions in the life cycle of an organism, for example the switch to reproductive development in flowering plants. Here we have tested the response of the monocarpic plant species @entity958 to a signal that directs flower formation, the plant-specific transcription factor @entity16471 (LFY). Using transient @entity134 -dependent @entity16471 (LFY) activation in lfy null mutant @entity958 plants, we show that the plant's competence to respond to the LFY signal changes during development. Very early in the life cycle, the plant is not competent to respond to the signal. Subsequently, transient LFY activation can direct primordia at the flanks of the shoot apical meristem to adopt a floral fate. Finally, the plants acquire competence to initiate the flower-patterning program in response to transient LFY activation. Similar to a perennial life strategy, we did not observe reprogramming of all primordia after perception of the transient signal, instead only a small number of meristems responded, followed by reversion to the prior developmental program. The ability to initiate flower formation and to direct flower patterning in response to transient LFY upregulation was dependent on the known direct LFY target @entity29398 ( @entity29398 ). Prolonged LFY or activation could alter the developmental gradient and bypass the requirement for @entity29398 . Prolonged high @entity29398 levels, in turn, can also alter the plants' competence. Our findings shed light on how plants can fine-tune important phase transitions and developmental responses.

title: Switching on Flowers: Transient XXXX Induction Reveals Novel Aspects of the Regulation of Reproductive Development in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity16471 :: (836307(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['LEAFY']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening is underutilized, especially in low income, high minority populations. We examined the effect test-specific barriers have on colonoscopy and @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) completion, what rationales are given for non-completion, and what "switch" patterns exist when @entity1 are allowed to switch from one test to another. Low income adults who were not up-to-date with @entity14 screening guidelines were recruited from safety-net clinics and offered colonoscopy or @entity1241 (n  =  418). Follow up telephone surveys assessed test-specific barriers. Test completion was determined from @entity1 medical records. For subjects who desired colonoscopy at baseline, finding a time to come in and transportation applied more to non-completers than completers (p  =  0.001 and p  <  0.001, respectively). For @entity1 who initially wanted @entity1241 , keeping track of cards, never putting stool on cards, and not remembering to mail cards back applied more to non-completers than completers (p  =  0.003, p  =  0.006, and p  <  0.001, respectively). The most common rationale given for not completing screening was a desire for the other screening modality: 7  % of @entity1 who initially preferred screening by @entity1241 completed colonoscopy, while 8  % of @entity1 who initially preferred screening by colonoscopy completed @entity1241 . We conclude that test-specific barriers apply more to subjects who did not complete @entity14 screening. As a common rationale for test non-completion is a desire to receive a different screening modality, our findings suggest screening rates could be increased by giving @entity1 the opportunity to switch tests after an initial choice is made.

title: Self-reported barriers to XXXX screening in a racially diverse, low-income study population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'fecal immunochemical test']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The rising numbers of @entity285 intoxicated adolescents (AIA) treated in emergency care units in several European countries have drawn attention to this target group for prevention. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess a broad array of developmental hazards and their stability in AIA and to compare their distribution with representative samples (RS). METHODS: A multisite cohort study of AIA aged 13-17 years assessed, in the hospital (t0) and 6  months later (t1), (family) violence, @entity835 and @entity285 use, school problems, delinquency, homelessness, @entity308 , and suicidality, using items from representative German surveys: @entity1 and Adolescent Health Survey (KiGGS), Childhood @entity130 Questionnaire and Communities That Care Youth Survey. We calculated the differences between AIA and RS and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. For AIA respondents who completed t0 and t1 information, we calculated prevalence/persistence/incidence of developmental hazards and corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: A total of 342 AIA participated at t0, 228 at t1 (67%). AIA had a significantly higher burden of concomitant risks regarding physical and emotional family abuse, (sexual) victimization, @entity835 use, binge drinking, school expulsion, police arrest, gang membership, and being violent. Six months after hospitalization, emotional family abuse (34.1%), @entity835 use (23.5%), @entity308 (14.8%), and being violent (13.2%) were especially prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental hazards are up to six times more prevalent in AIA than in RS. Therefore, when assessing the risk profile of AIA, it is important to consider developmental hazards as well as detrimental @entity285 use.

title: Developmental Hazards Among Young @entity285 Intoxicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Cytotrophoblast cells produce @entity688 and express @entity688 receptor mRNA in culture. Furthermore, @entity688 dramatically reduces the synthesis of @entity1495 and the invasivity of cytotrophoblast cells in vitro, suggesting that an autocrine regulatory role in vivo is also possible. To test this hypothesis we investigated the expression of @entity688 receptor protein by first trimester cytotrophoblasts both in vitro and in situ, using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that 75-80% of cytotrophoblasts are able to bind labelled @entity688 , suggesting that these cells possess @entity688 receptors in vitro. Serial sections of early @entity1 placentae stained for either alpha(5) and alpha(6) integrin subunits, or for @entity688 receptors respectively, revealed that placental cytotrophoblasts possess cell surface @entity688 receptors not only in vitro, but also in vivo. @entity688 receptors were present mainly on alpha(6) integrin expressing villous cytotrophoblast cells and on alpha(6)-positive cells of invasive cell columns located nearest the villous stroma. Differentiated trophoblasts (i.e. alpha(5)-positive cells and villous syncytiotrophoblasts) showed no reactivity. This differential expression of @entity688 receptors suggests that @entity688 might suppress the invasivity of undifferentiated cytotrophoblast cells, in vivo, preserving their non-invasive state in an autocrine manner. The possible involvement in cytotrophoblast proliferation and/or differentiation is also discussed.

title: Interleukin-10 receptors are expressed by basement membrane anchored, alpha(6) integrin(+) cytotrophoblast cells in early XXXX placenta.

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1307 has been recently found to be increased in the vitreous fluid from ischemic @entity989 such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The aims of the present study were 1) to measure @entity1307 levels in the vitreous fluid from @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ), a condition in which the @entity63 is not a predominant event, and 2) to compare @entity1307 mRNA expression between @entity1 retinas from nondiabetic and @entity6 without @entity989 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Vitreous samples from 12 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1103 without significant @entity2479 and 12 @entity6 @entity1 were prospectively analyzed. Ten nondiabetic @entity1 with macular holes served as the control group. @entity1307 was assessed by radioimmunoassay (milliunits per milliliter). @entity1307 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in the retina from eight nondiabetic and eight age-matched @entity6 without @entity6 RESULTS: Intravitreal @entity1307 concentration was higher in both @entity6 and @entity1103 @entity1 than in nondiabetic control subjects ( @entity6 vs. control subjects: median 302 [range 117-1,850] vs. 30 mU/ml [10-75], P < 0.01; @entity1103 vs. control subjects: 430 [41-3,000] vs. 30 mU/ml [10-75], P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found between @entity1103 and @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1307 mRNA expression was detected in the @entity1 retina, and it was higher in the retina from @entity6 than from nondiabetic donors. CONCLUSIONS: As occurs in @entity6 , intravitreous @entity1307 concentrations are strikingly higher in @entity1103 . @entity1307 is expressed in the @entity1 retina, and it is upregulated in @entity6 @entity1 even without @entity989 . These findings suggest that other factors apart from @entity63 are involved in the overexpression of @entity1307 in @entity6 .

title: @entity1307 is expressed in the @entity1 retina and it is highly elevated in the vitreous fluid of XXXX with @entity1103 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic donors', 'diabetic', 'proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sixteen strains of @entity2718 (C.d) were isolated from 29 patients with antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD). 9 of 14 C.d positive and 1 of 6 C.d negative fecal specimens were detected as cytotoxin positive. 10 AAC @entity1 received colonoscopy and 6 had congestion, @entity4 and @entity5932 . Three had yellow-white pseudomembrane on the surface of colon. In 17 @entity2718 enterocolitis (CDEC) was diagnosed by C.d isolation, cytotoxin detection and (or) colonoscopic finding. All the 17 patients received antibiotics before @entity294 . The risk antibiotics were @entity801 , @entity869 and @entity5898 . Of 17 CDEC, 4 were cured when the complicated antibiotics were discontinued. 7 received @entity2176 therapy. 6 cured but 1 had once symptomatic recurrence and C.d re-appearance. 4 were cured by @entity868 . 2 @entity1 died of CDEC and @entity1576 prospectively before diagnosis. Eleven fecal specimens of CDEC were analysed for intestinal microflora. The results showed that @entity526 and Bifidobacteria in CDEC @entity1 were significantly lower.

title: [The diagnosis and treatment of XXXX enterocolitis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['erosion of mucosa']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: Workplace violence is a widespread phenomenon in every kind of settings. Among these ones there are @entity341 ( @entity341 ), that have distinctive features as like the large daily number of @entity1 ' presentations, and high emotional content or stressing situations related to the management of diagnostic-therapeutic priorities. We reviewed the medical and nursing literature to quantify the international widespread of @entity146 towards nurses working in @entity26144 , distinguish the typologies and the perpetrators, and identify the consequences on victims and healthcare organizations. Original papers were searched using Medline, CINHAL, and Medscape databases.   35 research articles met the inclusion criteria, but 6 were not retrieved. The rate of verbal abuses reported by @entity341 nurses varies from 50% to 100% of those who were surveyed, while physical violence ranges between 16.7% and 72%. @entity1 and relatives are the main perpetrators, followed by doctors, and, only in lower percentages, by nurses colleagues. @entity167 , drugs abuse, and overcrowding in @entity26144 are acknowledged as motivating factors for violent events. Under-reporting of @entity146 is frequent up to the 80% of victims, and some papers report that nurses consider assaults as a normal part of their work. There is a direct relation between @entity146 and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disturb syndrome. Moreover there is a sense of continuous fear in nurses, causing the likelihood of workplace leaving. Special educational courses seem to be effective in diminishing the number of @entity146 and to adopt adequate adaptive behaviors.

title: [Aggressions towards nurses in XXXX : an international literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressions']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: A total of 161 @entity1 with lobar or segmental consolidation were examined by realtime ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound. Air bronchograms were detected in 141 @entity1 , fluid bronchograms in 27 @entity1 , and parapneumonic effusion in 74 @entity1 . In 36 @entity1 with @entity39 , ultrasound detected microabscesses in 33 (91.7%) compared with the air-fluid levels detected by standard chest radiographs in 20 @entity1 (55.6%; p less than 0.05). Of 31 @entity1 with @entity5 causing @entity55 , 29 (93.5%) had @entity5 detected by chest ultrasound, whereas only 11 @entity1 (35.5%) had chest radiographs that suggested a @entity5 was causing the @entity55 (p less than 0.05). Chest ultrasound was used to guide thoracentesis for parapneumonic effusion in 65 @entity1 , with a 100% success rate. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity39 underwent ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of microabscesses. The procedure was successful in 24 @entity1 (92.3%), and 21 @entity1 (80.8%) had microbiologic confirmation. Twenty @entity1 with @entity5 -associated @entity55 received needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance; 19 @entity1 (95.0%) had the histology confirmed. Five @entity1 with @entity5 manifesting as @entity358 underwent a diagnostic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration biopsy. Five @entity1 (3.8%) developed complications of minimal pneumothorax or mild hemoptysis in 132 episodes of needle aspiration. We conclude that ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of @entity358 . It can also be used for needle aspiration guidance for etiologic diagnosis of @entity1 with complicated @entity55 .

title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'obstructive pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary consolidation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound guided (EBUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has become widely used to evaluate @entity1 with @entity1514 . @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) can provide the bronchoscopist with immediate evaluation findings during the procedure. This study examines EBUS FNA biopsy procedures with and without @entity3337 , and investigates the impact of @entity3337 service on the EBUS procedure and laboratory resource utilization. METHODS: The cytopathology database at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, was searched for EBUS FNA biopsy cases before and after introduction of @entity3337 service, and a matched cohort was collected. Reports were reviewed and pertinent data was collected, such as sites biopsied, @entity3337 performance, slide smears, cell blocks, and diagnostic categories. Statistical analysis of the results was performed. RESULTS: A matched case-controlled EBUS FNA cohort of 340 @entity1 (680 total) for each category of non- @entity3337 and @entity3337 service were identified. There was a 33% reduction in the number of sites biopsied with @entity3337 . A total of 68% of @entity1 with @entity3337 had just one biopsy site compared to only 36% of non- @entity3337 @entity1 . There was a 30% decrease in total slides (mean, 5.27 slides) after the introduction of @entity3337 . All of these improvements were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS FNA biopsy @entity3337 service benefits @entity1 by contributing to significantly fewer biopsies and improved utilization of health care resources. @entity3337 service results in substantially fewer total slides, which has a significant impact on the cytopathology laboratory work effort. The use of @entity3337 for EBUS FNA biopsy provides significant improvements in @entity1 care and laboratory resource utilization.

title: Improved laboratory resource utilization and XXXX care with the use of rapid on-site evaluation for endobronchial ultrasound fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['ROSE', 'Rapid on-site evaluation']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study how many of the @entity1 with treated @entity726 or @entity2790 go blind during their lifetime and which factors are associated with @entity1939 . @entity1 : The data on 106 consecutive @entity1 who had died between 1991 and 2002 was retrospectively evaluated. At diagnosis 39 @entity1 had primary @entity1538 , 27 had @entity9998 , and 40 had @entity2790 . METHODS: Clinical records and causes of @entity204 were reviewed. @entity227 at the last visit before @entity204 was evaluated. Outcome measures were @entity227 . RESULTS: At the last visit, 17 @entity1 [16%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9-23] were @entity227 . Thirteen @entity1 (14%) were bilaterally blind. @entity726 was the cause of @entity735 in 16 @entity1 (15%, 95% CI 8-22) and in both eyes in 6 @entity1 (6%, 95% CI 1-10). In the analysis of only 1 eye of each @entity1 , the cumulative incidence of @entity726 -caused @entity1939 was 6% (95% CI 2-11) at 5 years, 9% (95% CI 4-15) at 10 years, and 15% (95% CI 9-23) at 15 years. An advanced stage of @entity726 at diagnosis, fluctuation in intraocular pressure during treatment, the presence of @entity9998 , and poor @entity1 compliance increased the occurrence of @entity1939 . Positive family history of @entity726 and vascular causes of @entity204 had no effect on visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity726 -caused @entity1939 was associated with an advanced stage of @entity726 at diagnosis, fluctuation of intraocular pressure during treatment, the presence of @entity9998 , and poor @entity1 compliance. The risk of going blind from @entity726 was 6%.

title: Lifetime @entity227 in XXXX and @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual disability', 'visual handicap and blindness based on visual acuity and/or visual fields', 'visually handicapped']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliation glaucoma', 'exfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'glaucoma in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blindness in one or both eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial methods of controlling @entity1547 that include probiotic agents can play a valuable role in establishing caries control in @entity1 at moderate to high risk for developing @entity1547 . Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of use of various Probiotic products including curd. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of short-term consumption of probiotic curd containing @entity9206 and normal curd on salivary @entity6586 counts, as well as salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty, caries-free, 10-12 years old @entity1 were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. Test Group consisted of 20 @entity1 who consumed 200ml of probiotic curd daily for 30 days. Control Group consisted of 20 @entity1 who were given 200ml of regular curd for 30 days. Salivary pH and salivary @entity6586 counts were recorded at baseline and after 30 days and statistically compared using the Student's t-test. RESULTS: Consumption of probiotic curd resulted in a statistically significant reduction in @entity6586 colony counts (P<0.001) as compared to regular curd. However, there was a slight reduction in pH (P>0.05) in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Short-term consumption of probiotic curds can reduce oral @entity6586 counts. However, this caused a slight reduction in salivary pH.

title: Assessment of the effect of probiotic curd consumption on salivary pH and XXXX counts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['S. Mutans', 'Streptococcus Mutans']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['streptococcus mutans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity7125 develop chronic symptoms. However, the best treatment of acute injuries to prevent long-term problems is uncertain. A stepped care treatment pathway has been proposed, in which @entity1 are given advice and education at their initial visit to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), followed by review at three weeks and physiotherapy for those with persisting symptoms. @entity3834 is a two-stage randomised controlled trial to evaluate two components of such a pathway: 1. use of The Whiplash Book versus usual advice when @entity1 first attend the @entity341 ; 2. referral to physiotherapy versus reinforcement of advice for @entity1 with continuing symptoms at three weeks. METHODS: Evaluation of the Whiplash Book versus usual advice uses a cluster randomised design in emergency departments of eight @entity9462 Trusts. Eligible @entity1 are identified by clinicians in participating emergency departments and are sent a study questionnaire within a week of their @entity341 attendance. Three thousand @entity1 will be included. @entity1 with persisting symptoms three weeks after their @entity341 attendance are eligible to join an individually randomised study of physiotherapy versus reinforcement of the advice given in @entity341 . Six hundred @entity1 will be randomised. Follow-up is at 4, 8 and 12 months after their @entity341 attendance. Primary outcome is the @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and secondary outcomes include quality of life and time to return to work and normal activities. An economic evaluation is being carried out. CONCLUSION: This paper describes the protocol and operational aspects of a complex intervention trial based in @entity9462 emergency and physiotherapy departments, evaluating two components of a stepped-care approach to the treatment of @entity7125 . The trial uses two randomisations, with the first stage being cluster randomised and the second individually randomised.

title: Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial ( XXXX ): design of a randomised controlled trial of treatments for whiplash associated disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injuries']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

answer: @entity3834 :: (23013,Gene) :: ['MINT']


abstract: @entity6 is associated with @entity101 . An antihypertensive effect of the antioxidant @entity2041 has been recently demonstrated. It has been suggested that @entity4854 may contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity101 in @entity6 by generating an oxidative stress. In this study, three different tests were performed in ten @entity101 and ten nonhypertensive @entity6 subjects: (1) an oral @entity413 tolerance test, (2) @entity2041 i.v. administration (1 g/m2 bolus + 1 g/m2 in 2 h), and (3) oral @entity413 tolerance test + @entity2041 administration. At -15', 0', 30', 60', 90', 120', and 180' systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma @entity413 , and insulin were measured. Variations in plasma @entity413 and insulin levels were not different during each test in the two groups of @entity1 and in test (1) compared to (3). @entity2041 administration reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both @entity101 and nonhypertensive @entity6 subjects from 30' to 120'. This phenomenon was abolished as glycemia increased after oral @entity413 loading. In @entity101 , but not in nonhypertensive @entity6 subjects, a significant @entity551 was observed at 90' and 120' of the oral @entity413 tolerance test (p < 0.01). These data show that @entity4854 can counteract the @entity551 effects of the antioxidant @entity2041 , suggesting that @entity413 may impair arterial relaxation by producing free radicals. Also, it appears that @entity101 in @entity6 @entity1 is aggravated by high @entity413 plasma levels.

title: XXXX counterbalances the antihypertensive effect of @entity2041 in @entity6 @entity1 : evidence linking @entity101 and glycemia through the oxidative stress in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for @entity14 outside the recommended guidelines presents a considerable burden to resource management in many public hospitals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency, indications and outcomes for repeat colonoscopy performed within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy. METHODS: A retrospective review of all colonoscopies at Nambour Hospital in 2008 was performed to identify those with a negative colonoscopy. The charts of @entity1 undergoing repeat colonoscopy at the same institution within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy were examined further, and data obtained regarding indications and outcomes of subsequent colonoscopies. RESULTS: A total of 616 colonoscopies were identified, 427 (69.3%) were negative for @entity652 and @entity189 . Of these @entity1 , 74 (17.3%) underwent a repeat colonoscopy at Nambour Hospital within 5 years. Eighteen out of 74 (24.3%) were outside guideline recommendation. Overall, one @entity1 (1.4%) had @entity5 and 11 @entity1 (14.9%) had @entity1127 detected at repeat colonoscopy. Most of the @entity1127 detected had low-risk features and were detected in the fourth and fifth years of the study period. CONCLUSION: The yield of a second colonoscopy within 5 years of a good-quality negative colonoscopy is low but not zero. In the absence of new concerning symptoms or other risk factors, @entity1 can be reassured and guidelines adhered to.

title: Yield of @entity652 and XXXX within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy: are the guidelines guiding?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c/oVEMPs) reflect otolith function. Up-to-date, there are no published reports on the systemic evaluation of otolith function in @entity195 ( @entity601 ) nor are there any reports on the differences in VEMPs between @entity1 with early and late stage @entity601 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in c/oVEMPs between @entity1 with @entity601 and normal controls, as well as between @entity1 with early and late stage @entity601 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with unilateral @entity601 and thirty healthy subjects (as normal controls) were prospectively enrolled. c/oVEMPs using 500  Hz tone-burst stimuli were performed. VEMP tests were repeated 3 times on each subject to ensure reliability and reproducibility of responses. VEMPs were defined as present or absent. Abnormal VEMP was defined by lack of VEMP response. RESULTS: In the control group, abnormal cVEMPs and oVEMPs responses were detected in 6.67 and 3.34  % respectively. In @entity601 @entity1 (20 with early stage @entity601 [ES- @entity601 ], 10 with late stage @entity601 [LS- @entity601 ]), abnormal cVEMPs and oVEMPs responses were detected in 40 and 16.7  % respectively. More @entity1 with @entity601 showed abnormal responses in c/oVEMPs as compared to the control group (p   <   0.05). cVEMPs was more often abnormal as compared to oVEMPs in @entity601 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). There was a significant difference in abnormal cVEMP responses between ES- @entity601 @entity1 (25  %) and LS- @entity601 @entity1 (70  %) (p   <   0.05). Difference in abnormal oVEMP responses (ES- @entity601 , 5  %; LS- @entity601 , 40  %) was significant (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: An increased occurrence of abnormal c/oVEMP recordings appeared in @entity601 @entity1 , possibly as a result of hydrops of the otolith. cVEMPs were more often abnormal in @entity601 @entity1 as compared to oVEMPs, suggesting that @entity409 may be more common than @entity409 . Furthermore, o/cVEMP abnormalities in the LS- @entity601 group were significantly higher than those in the ES- @entity601 group, suggesting the trend that otolith damage is gradually increasing with the aggravation of @entity130 in @entity601 .

title: Evaluation of the otolith function using c/oVEMPs in XXXX with M  ni  re's disease.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['utricular dysfunction', 'saccular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The molecular cloning of genes encoding neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) has made possible a better understanding of the pharmacology and toxicology of cholinergic compounds. Neuronal nAChRs are related in structure to the nAChRs present at the neuromuscular junction. They are composed of multiple subunits designated either alpha and beta. Eight alpha and three beta subunit genes have been cloned. The alpha subunits contain the ligand binding sites, whereas beta subunits are structural subunits that contribute to the function of the receptor. A large number of nAChRs can be formed from different combinations of alpha and beta subunits. Different combinations of alpha and beta subunits can produce receptors in vitro with distinct ion conducting properties. Each subunit gene is expressed in a distinct pattern in the nervous system. The expression of at least some of the @entity6786 subunit genes is regulated during development and by cell-cell interactions. Each neuronal @entity6786 subtype has a distinct pharmacology. Both alpha and beta subunits contribute to the pharmacological properties of each subtype. The expression of multiple @entity6786 subtypes may allow for precise control of neurotransmission mediated by @entity934 in diverse populations of neurons.

title: The molecular biology of neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation is an important feature of @entity731 , and increased production of the acute-phase reactant. @entity1851 ( @entity37253 ), is associated with a poor prognosis in severe @entity1459 . We have investigated the existence and possible significance of the acute-phase responses of CRP and another sensitive reactant, @entity12728 ( @entity12728 ), in @entity1 with unstable or stable @entity951 . METHODS: We used new ultrasensitive immunoassays to measure CRP and @entity12728 concentrations in plasma from 2121 outpatients with @entity951 (1030 unstable, 743 stable, the rest atypical) enrolled in the European Concerted Action on @entity715 and Disabilities (ECAT) Angina Pectoris Study. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography and extensive clinical and laboratory assessment at study entry, and were then followed up for 2 years. All suspected coronary events during follow-up were reviewed by an independent endpoint committee. FINDINGS: 75 individuals (41 with unstable, 29 with stable, and 5 with @entity951 ) had a coronary event during follow-up. Concentrations of CRP at study entry were associated with coronary events in @entity1 with stable or @entity1459 : there was about a two-fold increase in the risk of a coronary event in @entity1 whose CRP concentration was in the fifth quintile (> 3.6 mg/L), compared with the first four quintiles. A third of the events occurred among @entity1 who had a CRP concentration of more than 3.6 mg/L. CRP concentrations were positively correlated with age, smoking, body-mass index, @entity1674 , extent of @entity3979 , history of @entity583 , and lower ejection fraction. By contrast, concentrations of @entity12728 were not associated with risk of a coronary event. INTERPRETATION: We found that raised circulating concentrations of CRP are predictors of coronary events in @entity1 with stable or @entity1459 . The modest acute-phase responses of CRP were probably not the result of @entity296 . Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the sensitive measurement of CRP as a prognostic marker may be useful in the management of @entity301 .

title: Production of @entity1851 and risk of coronary events in stable and XXXX . European Concerted Action on @entity715 and @entity951 Pectoris Study Group.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity12728 :: ('6288', 'Gene') :: ['serum amyloid A protein', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'atypical angina']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 commonly affects @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , and has the potential to become chronic and burden an already damaged central nervous system. Imaging studies are providing insights into brain restructuring associated with @entity1118 and different @entity1118 conditions seem to evoke distinct plasticity patterns. Our objective was to study the structural and functional brain changes of chronic @entity9 of @entity15 . Employing structural and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging we compared @entity15 @entity1 with chronic @entity158 with @entity15 @entity1 without @entity158 matched with respect to age, gender, subtype and duration of @entity15 and disability. Mean duration of @entity158 was 7.6 years. Comparing the @entity158 and no- @entity158 groups, brain functional default-mode network differences were found. There was decreased coactivation in the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens bilaterally. Also, for the relapsing-remitting subgroup of @entity1 , grey matter thickness changes predominated in the @entity158 group in the mesial region of the temporal lobes, caudate, putamen, thalami and the fronto-parietal cortex; in the group without @entity158 , changes predominated in the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices and in the occipital areas. A dysfunction in the reward system in @entity1118 of @entity15 was found, particularly in the brain areas involved in its motivational aspects, as such probably reflecting the maladaptive physiology of @entity1118 , and possibly the signature of @entity158 in @entity15 , in a disease where @entity73 seems to be already one of its features. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX disrupts the reward circuitry in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['reward impairment']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'central pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Consecutive intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and intravenous @entity6002 in the management of @entity1268 ( @entity1268 ). PURPOSE: The general accepted treatment of @entity1268 is manual removal of the placenta ( @entity11092 ), but medical intervention protocols were suggested. We evaluate a protocol of using intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 followed, if necessary, by intravenous @entity6002 . A reduction in the need for @entity11092 and less @entity190 was expected. METHODS: Cohort A (1 January 2007 to 31 September 2008), managed by an expectative protocol including active management of the third stage of labor and if necessary @entity11092 performed 60 min after birth of the baby, was compared with cohort B (1 April 2009 to 31 December 2010) managed by medical intervention protocol. This protocol consisted of intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and if not successful, 250  g of @entity6002 was given intravenously in 30 min. All vaginal deliveries after 24 weeks of gestation, with @entity1268 after 20 min and @entity190 <500 mL were included. An intention to treat analysis was performed, with the need for @entity11092 as the primary outcome. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar. In cohort A, 275 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and 57 (20.7%) @entity1 needed @entity11092 . In cohort B, 219 @entity1 were included and 35 (16%) @entity1 needed @entity11092 . There was no significant difference in number of @entity11092 , the amount of @entity190 and other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and intravenous @entity6002 consecutively, does not reduce the number of MRPs as well as the total amount of @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity1268 after 20 min. The study shows that changing obstetric management by extrapolating results from specific study groups to a general population may lead to other results.

title: Consecutive intra-umbilical vein injection of @entity396 and intravenous @entity6002 in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1268 :: ('MESH:D018457', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'retained placenta']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['sulprostone']

answer: @entity1268 :: (MESH:D018457,Disease) :: ['retained placenta']


abstract: To our knowledge, @entity732 associated with short posterior ciliary @entity432 is extremely rare. Herein, we describe a case of a 62-year-old @entity1 who was referred to our hospital with of transient @entity1939 in his right eye. At initial examination, the @entity1 's best-corrected visual acuity was 18/20 in the right eye. Fundus examination showed multiple soft exudates around the optic disc and mild macular retinal @entity4 in his right eye; however, a cherry red spot on the macula was not detected. @entity941 angiography revealed delayed dye inflow into the nasal choroidal hemisphere that is supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery. The following day, the @entity1 's visual acuity improved to 20/20. Soft exudates around the optic disc increased during observation and gradually disappeared. His hemodynamic parameters revealed @entity3526 as examined by cervical ultrasonography and digital subtraction angiography. We speculate that his transient @entity1939 was due to ophthalmic @entity2553 . In this particular case, spasms of the ophthalmic artery and occlusion of the short posterior ciliary artery occurred simultaneously. As the short posterior ciliary artery branches from the ophthalmic artery, the anatomical location of the lesion might be near the branching of both arteries.

title: A case of XXXX associated with short posterior ciliary @entity432 .

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['artery spasms']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete central retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['incomplete central retinal artery occlusion']


abstract: @entity911 exists about the correct way to use @entity36507 as an antacid prior to inducing general anaesthesia in the pregnant @entity1 . The effectiveness of two-hourly doses of antacid is discussed with special reference to the rate at which the stomach empties. Consequently, it is important to know whether the @entity1 is in labour and if so the type of analgesic used. Some of the chemical characteristics of Mist. Mag. Trisil. B.P.C. are discussed. It is shown that it is capable of raising the pH of the stomach contents above 3.0 within two minutes in comparatively small doses. Clinically it is shown to be almost completely effective in a large series of @entity1 . Inadequate mixing of the alkali with the stomach contents when it is given as an immediate pre-induction dose leads to a hazard of acid regurgitation when anaesthesia is induced in these @entity1 .

title: A fresh look at XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity36507 :: ('MESH:C001671', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium trisilicate']

answer: @entity36507 :: (MESH:C001671,Chemical) :: ['magnesium trisilicate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6453 (PQ) concentration-time data have been used to predict prognosis for 3  decades. The aim of this study was to find a more accurate method to predict the probability of survival. METHODS: This study included 788 @entity1 with PQ @entity4968 who were diagnosed using plasma PQ concentration between January 2005 and August 2012. We divided these @entity1 into 2 groups (survivors vs. nonsurvivors), compared their clinical characteristics, and analyzed the predictors of survival. RESULTS: The mean age of the included @entity1 was 57 years (range, 14-95 years). When we compared clinical characteristics between survivors (n  =  149, 19%) and nonsurvivors (n  =  639, 81%), survivors were younger (47      14  years vs. 59      16  years) and had lower plasma PQ concentrations (1.44      8.77   g/mL vs. 80.33      123.15   g/mL) than nonsurvivors. On admission, serum @entity1011 was lower in survivors than in nonsurvivors (0.95      0.91  mg/dL vs. 1.88      1.27  mg/dL). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and logarithmically converted serum @entity1011 [ln( @entity8818 )], [ln(time)], and [ln(PQ)] were assessed as prognostic factors to predict survival in PQ @entity4968 . The predicted probability of survival using significant prognostic factors was exp (logit)/[1  +  exp(logit)], where logit  =  -1.347 +  [0.212  *  sex (male  =  1, female  =  0)]  +  (0.032  *  age)  + [1.551  *  ln( @entity8818 )] +  [0.391  *  ln(hours since ingestion)]  +  [1.076  *  ln(plasma PQ  g/mL)]. With this equation, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.5% and 98.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age, ln( @entity8818 ), ln(time), and ln(PQ) were important prognostic factors in PQ @entity4968 , and our equation can be helpful to predict the survival in acute PQ @entity4968 @entity1 .

title: Predicting the probability of survival in acute @entity6453 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) are regulated in a complex network of adipokines, @entity413 control, and low grade @entity32 together with activated platelets, leucocytes, and @entity409 . Increased levels of VEGF are associated with enhanced @entity7499 and impaired repair mechanisms of @entity455 in endorgans. Little is known about the interaction of systemic VEGF levels with quality of @entity6 control, biomarkers of @entity32 , and @entity2316 . Moreover, it is unclear, whether serum and plasma VEGF levels are similarly suited to reflect risk associated with VEGF.In this case control study, we analyzed these parameters in serum and plasma of age and sex matched controls without @entity6 (n=99) and type 2 @entity6 (n=302). Serum @entity7 was significantly increased in @entity1 with T2DM while plasma levels were in the same range as for controls. Individual levels varied in a wide range. Serum levels were 4.9 times higher in controls and 7.3 times higher in T2DM as compared to plasma levels. T2DM was associated with significantly higher levels of hsCRP, ALAT, and albumin/ @entity1011 ratio. When calculated for tertiles of HbA1c, we observed a highly significant increase from tertile one to the upper tertile for serum @entity7 but not for plasma @entity7 . Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between @entity7 , HbA1c, @entity32 , and @entity2316 . Our results indicate that increased @entity7 levels in T2DM significantly depend on quality of HbA1c control. Serum levels of @entity7 , with a strong contribution of platelet derived VEGF, better reflect the glycemic burden than plasma levels of @entity7 . Mechanistic studies are needed to explore links to @entity32 and @entity2316 .

title: Serum and Plasma Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors in Relation to Quality of @entity413 Control, Biomarkers of XXXX , and @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: Medically unexplained or @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) in @entity1 constitute a major clinical problem. However, research data on @entity2531 in young @entity1 are few, and epidemiological studies are hampered by lack of good standardised measures. The present thesis consists of two studies: In study one, we developed two measures to assess @entity2531 in young @entity1 . The first measure is a parent interview, the Soma Assessment Interview (SAI), to assess the 1-year prevalence and associated impairment caused by @entity2531 . The interview can be performed by lay interviewers and subsequently rated clinically by physicians. A preliminary validation showed a good agreement on @entity2531 recognition between two clinical raters (kappa = 0.86), a good concurrent validity with independent measures of physical complaints and a good discrimination on the prevalence of @entity2531 between a community sample and clinical samples. The second measure is a systematic medical record review of @entity2531 in paediatric @entity1 : the Medical Record Review for Functional Somatic Symptoms in @entity1 (MRFC). Our findings suggest that the MRFC allows identification of subgroups of paediatric @entity1 with multisymptomatic @entity2531 and long-term and/or impairing @entity2531 and it may prove useful for case finding in clinical and epidemiological research. In study two, we investigated the parent-reported @entity2531 and their impairment in a population-based sample of Danish 5-7-year-old @entity1 . We used the SAI as the main measure. Data from 1,327 @entity1 from The Copenhagen @entity1 Cohort 2000 were analysed. Impairing symptoms were defined as @entity2531 causing substantial discomfort, impairment of everyday life, absence from daycare or school and/or health care seeking. We found that @entity2531 are common in this age group with a 1-year prevalence of 23.2%. Different @entity158 complaints, i.e. limb @entity158 , @entity490 and @entity10 , were the most prevalent types of @entity2531 . A subgroup of @entity1 with impairing @entity2531 (4.4%) was identified. These @entity1 were more likely to present multisymptomatic @entity2531 than @entity1 with non-impairing @entity2531 . @entity148 ( @entity148 ) and their associations with different physical health variables, including @entity2531 , were investigated in the same population of 5-7-year-old @entity1 . In total, 2.4% presented prominent @entity148 , and the level of @entity148 was correlated with general poor health, chronic physical disease and physical complaints including @entity2531 . In @entity1 with @entity2531 , we found significant associations between the level of @entity148 and the impact of the childrens   @entity2531 in terms of number of doctor's visits and missed school and/or daycare due to @entity2531 as well as the degree of parental worries about the childrens   @entity2531 . Furthermore, @entity148 were significantly associated with emotional symptoms. The findings suggest an early onset of somatisation and point to the need for clinical and preventive intervention in a substantial proportion of @entity1 . The findings also suggest a close link between @entity148 , @entity2531 and emotional symptoms. Medically unexplained or @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) in @entity1 constitute a major clinical problem. However, research data on @entity2531 in young @entity1 are few, and epidemiological studies are hampered by lack of good standardised measures.

title: Functional somatic symptoms in 5-7 year old XXXX : assessment, prevalence and co-occurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Health anxiety symptoms', 'HAS']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['FSS', 'functional somatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: (1) In France, two long-acting inhaled @entity2263 agonists ( @entity10453 and @entity6410 ) are marketed for long term symptomatic treatment of @entity565 , in combination with antiinflammatory treatment with an inhaled @entity134 . (2) A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of @entity10453 in about 26 000 @entity1 was stopped prematurely in 2003 due to an excess of serious @entity565 attacks and @entity565 -related @entity204 in the @entity10453 group. There were 13 @entity565 -related @entity204 after 28 weeks of @entity10453 therapy, versus only three in the placebo group, for a relative risk of about 4 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.2 to 15.3. (3) This increased mortality was mainly observed in the subgroup of @entity1 who were not using a @entity134 (53% of all @entity1 ). Nine of these @entity1 died while taking @entity10453 versus none on placebo. (4) Three smaller trials showed an increase in severe @entity565 attacks in @entity1 using @entity6410 without a @entity134 . For example, in one trial nine of 271 @entity1 on @entity6410 had severe @entity565 attacks, versus two of 277 @entity1 on placebo. A meta-analysis of 19 placebo-controlled trials of long-acting @entity2263 agonists showed an increase in severe @entity565 attacks in both adults and @entity1 . Exacerbations have also been attributed to @entity10453 , including in @entity1 using a @entity134 . (5) In practice, for long-term treatment, long-acting @entity2263 agonists must never be used without concomitant inhaled @entity134 therapy.

title: @entity565 : fatal exacerbations with long-acting @entity2263 agonist therapy without concomitant XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity3788 is a pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, thus creating an environment of oxidative stress in the cell. Many studies have employed @entity3788 to generate an experimental animal model of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) that mimics and elicits @entity191 -like symptoms, such as motor and @entity73 . Cytoprotective proteins including parkin and @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) play major roles in slowing @entity191 progression. Moreover, evidence suggests that @entity2383 and oxidative stress-dependent apoptotic pathways contribute to dopaminergic @entity528 in @entity191 . Here, @entity35 were chronically exposed to @entity3788 to confirm that it causes a debilitating phenotype and various behavioral defects. We also performed histopathological examinations of nigrostriatal, cortical and cerebellar regions of @entity3788 -treated brain to elucidate a plausible neurodegenerative mechanism. The results of @entity575 , @entity669 hydroxylase (TH), parkin, ubiquitin and caspase staining of brain tissue sections further validated our findings. The stress response is known to trigger HSP in response to pharmacological insult. These protective proteins help maintain cellular homeostasis and may be capable of rescuing cells from death. Therefore, we assessed the levels of different HSPs in the @entity3788 -treated animals. Collectively, our studies indicated the following findings in the striatum and substantia nigra following chronic @entity3788 exposure in an experimental @entity191 model: (i) behavioral deficit that correlated with histopathological changes and down regulation of TH signaling, (ii) decreased levels of the cytoprotective proteins parkin, @entity37128 and @entity18273 and robust expression of mitochondrial chaperone @entity28379 according to Western blot, (iii) increased immunoreactivity for @entity2311 , @entity4124 and ubiquitin and decreased parkin immunoreactivity.

title: @entity3788 -induced parkinsonism elicits behavioral impairments and differential expression of parkin, @entity1457 proteins and caspases in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare a newly developed minimally-invasive method for percutaneous transforaminal epidural injection (INJ group) with the existing method for lumbar epidural catheterization (CATH group). METHOD: Through anatomical review of experimental @entity35 , the cephalic one fourth of the neural foramen was selected as the target point for drug delivery. After the @entity35 had undergone lumbar epidural catheterization, @entity3303 , and 1% @entity6693 were injected through the unilateral or bilateral L5/6 neural foramen in the INJ group, and through an epidural catheter in the CATH group. Measurement of body weight and the mechanical allodynia test before and after injection of @entity3303 , and fine dissection after injection were performed. RESULTS: Results of the mechanical allodynia test of 1.0% @entity3303 50   l injection in the CATH group were statistically similar to those of 0.5% @entity3303 100   l injection in the INJ group. The results of 2.0% @entity3303 50   l injection in the CATH group were statistically similar to those of 1.0% @entity3303 100   l injection in the INJ group. After dissection, only one distal partial spinal nerve was stained by @entity6693 50   l through the transforaminal pathway. However, the dorsal root ganglion, nerve root, and adjacent hemi-partial spinal cord were stained by @entity6693 100   l through the transforaminal pathway. CONCLUSION: The percutaneous transforaminal epidural injection is practical, easy, and safe, and, in particular, does not cause significant @entity158 compared to the existing lumbar epidural catheterization. We expect this method to be effective in an animal study showing that drug delivery to the spinal epidural space is necessary.

title: Percutaneous transforaminal epidural injection method in an experimental XXXX : minimally invasive drug delivery method to spinal epidural space.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: While cervical @entity5 screening and risk behaviors have been found to vary among US- and foreign-born Hispanic @entity1 , many @entity5 epidemiology studies have conceptualized Hispanics as a homogenous group. Here, we examine differences in cervical @entity5 stage at diagnosis and survival among Hispanic @entity1 by nativity. METHODS: We use data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, 1998-2008. Nativity was based on place of birth and was categorized as US versus foreign born. Distant and regional @entity5 were classified as late stage, while local @entity5 were classified as early stage. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of cases of @entity3 among Hispanics were diagnosed at a late stage, and over half of @entity3 cases were among foreign-born @entity1 . Foreign-born Hispanic @entity1 were significantly more likely than US-born Hispanics to have late-stage diagnosis, after adjusting for age at diagnosis and @entity5 histology (adjusted odds ration = 1.09, p value = 0.003). There was heterogeneity in the association between nativity and survival by stage at diagnosis. Among cases with early-stage diagnosis, survival was poorer among foreign-born versus US-born Hispanics after adjusting for age at diagnosis, histology, and @entity5 -directed therapy [adjusted hazard ratios (HR) = 1.31, p value = 0.030]. However, among cases with late-stage diagnosis, survival was better among foreign-born Hispanics (adjusted HR = 0.81, p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that nativity differences in survival may be indicative of diverse risk, screening, and treatment profiles. Given such differences, it may be inappropriate to aggregate Hispanics as a single group for cervical @entity5 research.

title: Nativity disparities in late-stage diagnosis and cause-specific survival among Hispanic @entity1 with XXXX : an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian follicular development and hormone secretion are complex and coordinated biological processes which will usually be altered during pregnancy. Ovarian function is tightly regulated by a multitude of genes, and also by some specific miRNAs. It is necessary to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs in the ovaries of pregnant and non-pregnant mammals, in order to further understand the role of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation in @entity1 reproduction. Here, we performed a comprehensive search for hircine miRNAs using two small RNA sequencing libraries prepared from the ovaries of pregnant and non-pregnant @entity1237 . RESULTS: 617 conserved and 7 putative novel miRNAs were identified in the hircine ovaries. A total of 471 conserved miRNAs (76.34%) were co-expressed in both pregnant and non-pregnant libraries, and 90 pregnancy-specific and 56 non-pregnancy-specific conserved miRNAs were identified. Additionally, 407 unique miRNAs (65.96%) were significantly differentially expressed in the pregnant and non-pregnant libraries, of which 294 were upregulated and 113 were downregulated in the pregnant library compared to the non-pregnant library. Further analysis showed that @entity40092 was predicted to bind to the target sequences of Frizzled-6 and -3 receptor genes in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and let-7b may target the Activin receptor I and @entity40093 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. The expression level of 5 randomly selected miRNAs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), and the results demonstrated that the expression patterns were consistent with the Solexa sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS: The identification and characterization of differentially expressed miRNAs in the ovaries of pregnant and non-pregnant @entity1237 provides important information on the role of miRNA in the regulation of the ovarian development and function. This data will be helpful to facilitate studies on the regulation of miRNAs during @entity1 reproduction.

title: Characterization and differential expression of microRNAs in the ovaries of pregnant and non-pregnant @entity1237 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['Capra hircus']


abstract: @entity15355 play major roles in metal detoxification in plants and fungi. However, genes encoding phytochelatin synthases have not yet been identified. By screening for plant genes mediating metal tolerance we identified a @entity3505 cDNA, @entity41297 , whose expression in @entity375 results in a dramatic increase in @entity3409 tolerance. @entity41297 encodes a protein of approximately 55 kDa with no similarity to proteins of known function. We identified homologs of this new gene family from @entity958 , @entity6739 , and interestingly also @entity2199 . The @entity958 and @entity6739 genes were also demonstrated to confer substantial increases in metal tolerance in @entity375 . @entity8847 -expressing cells accumulate more @entity3280 than controls. @entity8847 expression mediates @entity3280 tolerance even in @entity375 mutants that are either @entity13312 or impaired in vacuolar biogenesis. @entity8847 -induced metal resistance is lost upon exposure to an inhibitor of @entity2041 biosynthesis, a process necessary for @entity15355 formation. @entity6739 cells disrupted in the @entity8847 gene exhibit hypersensitivity to @entity3280 and @entity8863 and are unable to synthesize @entity15355 upon @entity3280 exposure as determined by HPLC analysis. @entity375 cells expressing @entity8847 produce phytochelatins. Moreover, the recombinant purified @entity6739 @entity8847 protein displays phytochelatin synthase activity. These data demonstrate that @entity8847 genes encode phytochelatin synthases and mediate metal detoxification in eukaryotes.

title: Tolerance to toxic metals by a gene family of phytochelatin synthases from plants and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'S.pombe']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity15355 :: ('MESH:D054811', 'Chemical') :: ['Phytochelatins', 'phytochelatins', 'phytochelatin']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in vacuolar acidification']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kefir is a unique cultured product that contains beneficial probiotics. Kefir culture from other parts of the world exhibits numerous beneficial qualities such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and anticancer effects. Nevertheless, kefir cultures from different parts of the world exert different effects because of variation in culture conditions and media. @entity0 is the leading @entity5 in @entity1 , and @entity3 is the major cause of @entity204 associated with @entity0 . The antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects of kefir water made from kefir grains cultured in Malaysia were studied in 4T1 @entity0 cells. METHODS: 4T1 @entity5 cells were treated with kefir water in vitro to assess its antimigration and anti-invasion effects. BALB/c @entity19 were injected with 4T1 @entity5 cells and treated orally with kefir water for 28 days. RESULTS: Kefir water was cytotoxic toward 4T1 cells at IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 12.5 and 8.33 mg/mL for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. A significant reduction in @entity5 size and weight (0.9132    0.219 g) and a substantial increase in helper T cells (5-fold) and cytotoxic T cells (7-fold) were observed in the kefir water-treated group. Proinflammatory and proangiogenic markers were significantly reduced in the kefir water-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Kefir water inhibited @entity5 proliferation in vitro and in vivo mainly through @entity5 cell apoptosis, immunomodulation by stimulating T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, and anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenesis effects. This study brought out the potential of the probiotic beverage kefir water in @entity5 treatment.

title: The Antimetastatic and Antiangiogenesis Effects of Kefir Water on XXXX @entity0 Cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity1 admitted to a local hospital with @entity221 , @entity4841 , and periosteal reaction on X Ray. He was transferred to our hospital because magnetic resonance imaging scan of his whole body showed multiple abnormal signals in bones. Laboratory findings on admission showed the increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity414 , @entity880 dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, @entity1851 , immunoglobulin G, hemolytic complement activity and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Peripheral blood and bone marrow examination did not show any abnormality. The clinical appearance of his condition suggested the diagnosis of @entity6275 ( @entity6275 ). He was treated with @entity134 , however his @entity221 and @entity158 continued. A bone and bone marrow biopsy was performed and the results of histopathology showed precursor-B @entity3052 . His @entity158 relapsed after the chemotherapy for @entity981 . Finally, blast cells resembling L3 morphology were detected in the peripheral blood. The reevaluated bone marrow was predominantly replaced with Burkitt like lymphoblasts. He was diagnosed with @entity2109 by further specific examination.

title: [A case of XXXX with multifocal bone invasion].

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis', 'CRMO']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['migratory arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']


abstract: Both @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy are used to assess @entity296 . Few studies have compared the data on @entity296 and @entity63 by low and peak dose DSE and myocardial perfusion imaging in the same @entity1 . Fifty-four @entity1 (45 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 aged 65 +/- 9 years) with @entity296 (mean ejection fraction 24 +/- 9%) underwent rest 4-hour redistribution @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), low and peak dose DSE, and @entity452 sestamibi SPECT. A total of 864 segments were analyzed (16 segments/ @entity1 ). @entity854 was present in 796 segments (92%), and contractile reserve during @entity452 infusion was seen in 400 of these segments (50%). Contractile reserve was seen in 331 of 509 @entity5048 segments (65%) and 69 of 287 @entity2845 / @entity910 segments (24%) (p <0.001). Contractile reserve was more frequent in segments with normal @entity4214 uptake (64%), reversible @entity4214 defects (42%), or mild to moderate fixed @entity4214 defects (48%) than severely fixed defects (22%) (p <0.05 each). Concordant information about viability by @entity4214 imaging and DSE was obtained in 62% of segments. @entity452 sestamibi @entity63 was seen in 518 of 796 segments (65%) compared with 265 segments (33%) by DSE (p <0.001). Scintigraphic @entity63 was noted in 126 of 195 segments (65%) demonstrating biphasic response, 129 of 205 segments (63%) showing sustained improvement, 42 of 70 segments (60%) deteriorating during @entity452 infusion, and 221 of 326 (68%) demonstrating no change (p = NS). Thus, in @entity1 with @entity296 , contractile reserve is more frequent in @entity5048 segments than @entity2845 / @entity910 segments. The number of segments with normal or near-normal @entity4214 uptake or with scintigraphic @entity63 is significantly greater than the number of those capable of increasing contractile function or demonstrating an @entity63 response during @entity452 echocardiography.

title: Comparison of @entity452 echocardiography, XXXX sestamibi, and rest-redistribution @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography for determining contractile reserve and myocardial ischemia in @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormality']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: In order to assess the influence that age, sex, site of the @entity5 (SPT), the extension and histology may have on the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), 1.149 cases of lung, breast, stomach, @entity694 registered in the Tumor Registry of the Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) were analyzed. Overall, mean @entity1109 was 5.7 months. 12.7% of @entity1 and 5.5% of @entity1 (p less than 0.0001) had an @entity1109 greater than one year. Age does not appear to influence @entity1109 in this population (r = 0.014). Among @entity1 , the @entity1109 for each SPT was as follows: @entity0 , 9.1 months; @entity5 , 6.5; stomach, 4.9; colon, 4.7; lung, 2.7. @entity1 's @entity1109 were: rectum, 6.2; stomach, 5.9; colon, 5.7; lung 3.2. Age, sex, SPT, the extension and histology jointly explain only 18% of the @entity1109 variability (multiple r = 0.42 p less than 0.0001). SPT and histology appear to be the strongest predictors, both remaining statistically significant when adjusting for the other four factors. While only @entity0 clearly showed a positive association between @entity1109 and @entity5 extension, an unexpected inverse relationship was observed in @entity5 . In some @entity5 , the @entity1109 may just be an indicator for the rate of @entity5 growth. @entity1109 data registered in a Tumor Registry can contribute to the study of a part of the natural history of @entity5 . Such analyses are also relevant for studies of secondary prevention and screening programs, access to and quality of care, and psychosocial predictors of the care seeking process.

title: [The symptom-diagnosis interval: a possible approximation to the natural history of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'interval first symptom-diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectum cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: EEG recordings over the sensorimotor cortex show a prominent oscillatory pattern in a frequency range between 12 and 15 Hz (sensorimotor rhythm, @entity5047 ) under quiet but alert wakefulness. This frequency range is also abundant during sleep, and overlaps with the sleep spindle frequency band. In the present pilot study we tested whether instrumental conditioning of @entity5047 during wakefulness can enhance sleep and cognitive performance in @entity22 . Twenty-four subjects with clinical symptoms of primary @entity22 were tested in a counterbalanced within-subjects-design. Each @entity1 participated in a @entity5047 - as well as a sham-conditioning training block. Polysomnographic sleep recordings were scheduled before and after the training blocks. Results indicate a significant increase of 12-15 Hz activity over the course of ten @entity5047 training sessions. Concomitantly, the number of awakenings decreased and slow-wave sleep as well as subjective @entity25 increased. Interestingly, @entity5047 -training enhancement was also found to be associated with overnight memory consolidation and sleep spindle changes indicating a beneficial cognitive effect of the @entity5047 training protocol for @entity5047 "responders" (16 out of 24 @entity1 ). Although results are promising it has to be concluded that current results are of a preliminary nature and await further proof before @entity5047 -training can be promoted as a non-pharmacological approach for improving @entity25 and memory performance.

title: Enhancing @entity25 and memory in XXXX using instrumental sensorimotor rhythm conditioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: AIMS: To describe drug use and safety with intramuscular injectable extended-release @entity836 (XR-NTX) in @entity4784 during a 1-year open-label extension phase. DESIGN: Following 6 months of randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled injections given every 28 days, @entity1 receiving XR-NTX 380   mg continued and PBO @entity1 were switched to open-label XR-NTX, with monthly individual drug counseling, for a further year. SETTING: Thirteen clinical sites in Russia. @entity1 : Adult opioid-dependent outpatients. MEASUREMENTS: Monthly urine samples; reports of craving and functioning; adverse events. FINDINGS: For the open-label extension (n   =   114), 67 continued on XR-NTX and 47 switched from PBO during the double-blind phase to XR-NTX during the open-label phase. Overall, 62.3% (95% CI: 52.7%, 71.2%) completed the extension. Discontinuation occurred most commonly because of withdrawal of consent (18.4%) and loss to follow-up (11.4%); two @entity1 discontinued as a result of lack of efficacy and one because of adverse events. Urine testing revealed that 50.9% (41.5%, 60.4%) were abstinent from opioids at all assessments during the 1-year open-label phase. Adverse events reported by 21.1% of @entity1 were judged to be study drug-related. Injection site reactions were infrequent (6.1%) and the majority were mild. Elevations in liver function tests occurred for 16.7% of @entity1 , but none of these elevations was judged to be clinically significant. No @entity1 died, @entity1445 or discontinued as a result of severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: During a 1-year open-label extension phase of injectable XR-NTX for the prevention of relapse in @entity4784 , 62.3% of @entity1 completed the phase and 50.9% were abstinent from opioids. No new safety concerns were evident.

title: Injectable extended-release @entity836 (XR-NTX) for XXXX : long-term safety and effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosed']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid dependence']


abstract: The aims of this study were to determine whether detection of @entity308 in primary care was associated with improved outcome, and to compare the 4.5 month outcomes of detected and undetected depressed primary care @entity1 and depressed @entity146 @entity1 . Primary care @entity1 with @entity308 were recruited from the practices of 50 family physicians in Southeastern Michigan using a two-stage selection procedure employing the Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and the @entity922 ( @entity922 ); clinician detection of @entity308 was ascertained by response to a direct query on a rating form. @entity308 @entity1 seeking treatment in an outpatient @entity146 setting also received the CES-D and the @entity922 . Data on @entity1 demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained for both primary care and @entity146 @entity1 . Initial and 4.5 month scores on the Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale (HAM-D) were obtained for 34 undetected and 25 detected depressed primary care and 55 depressed @entity146 @entity1 . Improvement in @entity308 over time was assessed by the change in HAM-D scores over the 4.5 months. The three groups did not differ in initial severity. Both @entity146 and undetected primary care @entity1 showed significant improvement at 4.5 months, whereas detected primary care @entity1 did not improve. At 4.5 months there were no differences in mean HAM-D scores between undetected, depressed primary care @entity1 and depressed @entity146 outpatients. This result did not change after controlling for age and severity of @entity308 at initial presentation, nor did it change after exclusion of cases of mild @entity308 to control for a possible "floor effect." However, differences among groups in the stage of @entity308 episodes may have affected this comparison. These findings suggest that an exclusive focus on increasing detection of @entity308 in primary care @entity1 is unlikely to improve outcomes, and that undetected @entity308 among primary care @entity1 does not necessarily represent poor quality of care. Although depressed @entity146 @entity1 in this study had better outcomes than detected depressed primary care @entity1 , the presence of unmeasured differences among groups in the stage of the @entity308 makes it impossible to determine whether treatment of @entity308 by psychiatrists is superior to that provided by primary care physicians. These findings should stimulate efforts to examine a more comprehensive model for detection and treatment of @entity308 in primary care.

title: Short-term outcomes of detected and undetected depressed primary care @entity1 and depressed @entity146 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R', 'SCID']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistive index (RI) is an indirect measurement of blood flow resistance that can be used to evaluate @entity1504 . AIMS: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between RI values of orbital and intrarenal arteries by means of Doppler ultrasonography (US). METHODS: We evaluated 103 @entity6 @entity1 . As a control group, 30 subjects were examined. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of @entity1 with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) <300 mg/day and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels >90 ml/min (n = 50); Group 2 had a UAE >300 mg/day and/or eGFR levels between 89 and 60 ml/min (n = 53). The association between RI values obtained with Doppler US of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery and intrarenal arteries were calculated. RESULTS: Both orbital and intrarenal arterial RI values in Group 1 and Group 2 were higher than the control group (p = 0.001); furthermore, values were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = 0.0004/0.029/0.036, p = 0.016, respectively). A positive correlation was found between orbital and intrarenal arterial RI values in Group 2 (r = 0.475, 0.285, 0.363, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both orbital and renal arterial RI values were shown to be higher than the control group. Further, a trend towards higher RI values was observed with @entity8 . RI may be useful as one of the markers for early diagnosis and follow-up of @entity2316 and @entity989 .

title: Correlation between the resistive index values of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal and orbital arteries']


abstract: Poor working conditions may be an important source of stress and may therefore contribute to the development of @entity308 . Social support may act as a buffer and protect against the development of @entity308 or @entity148 in the face of poor working conditions. With longitudinal data from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), the effect of working conditions and social support on the incidence of @entity308 was examined among 2646 working @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 18 through 65 years. Three dimensions of self reported working conditions were assessed: psychological demands, decision latitude and job security. Social support was assessed through validated scales for daily emotional support. About 10.5% of working @entity1 and 4.6% among working @entity1 developed an incident @entity308 and/or @entity148 over 2 years. Psychological demands predicted the incidence of @entity308 in both @entity1 and @entity1 (RR per score increase=2.29, 95% CI: 1.44-3.63), whereas decision latitude and job security did not. Social support protected against the incidence of @entity308 . This effect was stronger for @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Social support did not buffer the unfavorable mental effect of working conditions. @entity1 were more likely to report low levels of decision latitude, whereas @entity1 reported higher psychological demands. Working conditions did not explain sex differences in the incidence of @entity308 .

title: The contribution of working conditions and social support to the onset of XXXX among male and female employees.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive and anxiety disorders', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive and anxiety disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and molecular-genetic characteristics of 34 @entity1 who were referred to the clinical genetics department with a presenting diagnosis of definite or suspected @entity1739 (VPI, defined as the inability to close off the nasal from the oral cavity during speech) or hyponasal/hypernasal speech. All the @entity1 referred also had additional anomalies and did not therefore comprise the whole VPI population. METHODS: @entity1 were clinically investigated by a clinical geneticist. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation for chromosome 22q11 deletion and/or array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) analysis was performed in all cases. A literature review was performed using the Pubmed online database. RESULTS: Microdeletions or microduplications were identified in half of the @entity1 . Six @entity1 (   18% of total) carried a chromosome 22q11 microdeletion, one @entity1 had a chromosome 22q11 microduplication, and four @entity1 had microdeletions in other chromosomes that were considered likely to be associated with the phenotype. One @entity1 had @entity51280 . Thus, an underlying @entity74 was found in approximately one-third (35%) of our @entity1 . An additional seven @entity1 harboured copy number variations that were considered benign or of unknown significance. CONCLUSIONS: We present an overview of @entity1 with @entity154 and their clinical and genetic findings. In one-third of these @entity1 , an underlying @entity74 was identified. This has important implications for family counselling and medical follow-up. Furthermore, we recommend array CGH testing in all @entity1 with VPI and associated anomalies because of the high percentage of copy number variants identified in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX : high detection rate of @entity74 if associated with additional features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['VPI or hyponasal/hypernasal speech with additional anomalies']

entities_list: @entity51280 :: ('MESH:C537015', 'Disease') :: ['KBG syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['Velopharyngeal insufficiency']