abstract: The National @entity5 Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase II study of weekly oral @entity19647 as first-line therapy in 51 @entity1 with incurable, metastatic or locally advanced @entity0 . While no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease was permitted, prior adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed provided that no @entity4349 or @entity10517 had been given. Forty-eight @entity1 were evaluable for response. Two @entity1 (4%) achieved complete remissions, 9 @entity1 (19%) achieved partial remissions, 26 @entity1 (54%) were stable and 11 @entity1 (23%) failed. At the initial @entity19647 dose of 275 mg/m2 per week, 13 of 14 @entity1 required a dose reduction and/or a treatment delay of one or more weeks. Therefore, the @entity19647 dose was reduced to 225 mg/m2 per week for the last 37 @entity1 . At that those, 20 of 37 @entity1 developed grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 and 22 required dosage delays. At the initial starting dose, the average dose intensity actually delivered was 169 mg/m2 per week. At 225 mg/m2 the average dose intensity actually delivered was 197 mg/m2 per week. @entity137 effects included mild to moderate @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity294 , hair loss and occasional @entity2117 . In summary, @entity19647 is an @entity4349 derivative that has modest activity when administered orally to minimally pretreated @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Phase II study of oral XXXX as first line chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 : a National @entity5 Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity19647 :: ('MESH:D017290', 'Chemical') :: ['menogaril']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity19647 :: (MESH:D017290,Chemical) :: ['menogaril']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is an important and more common public health problem with increasing incidence. Polysomonography (PSG) is the gold standard test in @entity27 diagnosis. @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is the main parameter of PSG, which is correlated with @entity27 severity. The main complaint of @entity27 @entity1 is @entity25 and the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) used for evaluation of disease severity. The correlation of @entity27 with @entity25 and @entity25 is well known. But there are many @entity1 , which have uncorrelated @entity25 with @entity27 . This data calls this hypothesis; Are there any other parameters which may affect @entity25 . 648 @entity1 with complaining of snoring and @entity386 were evaluated by polysomnography and anthropometric measurements. The cut-off value of @entity25 was accepted 10 as an indicator of severe @entity25 . @entity1 were divided to groups with the aim of homogenization, according to @entity27 values. The @entity1 with similar @entity27 values were analyzed according to their @entity25 scores. BMI and neck circumference were elevated in @entity25 @entity1 . The nocturnal @entity519 markers; @entity386 number/index, maximum duration of @entity386 , at least SO2 concentration, duration of SO2 less than 90  % were much effected in the group of @entity25 . Beside the fact that our research, @entity27 is not enough for predicting the @entity25 ; anthropometric measurements and the nocturnal @entity519 markers should be evaluated.

title: Does @entity27 Value Enough for Evaluating the Obstructive Sleep XXXX Severity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAHS', 'Apnea-hypopnea index', 'Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'ESS']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of histone @entity376 methylation in normal and @entity5 head and neck tissues, which will provide novel insight into the pathophysiology of oncogenesis in these tissues. DESIGN: Gene expression profiles from histone @entity376 methyltransferases (HKMTases) were obtained from UniGene expressed sequence tags (ESTs). HKMTase expression levels in respective tissues were analyzed for elevated expression or altered levels of normal versus @entity1 @entity5 . SETTING: UniGene EST data were derived from normal and @entity5 @entity1 tissues submitted to UniGene. METHODS: The expression levels of 47 HKMTases were obtained for 46 normal and 25 @entity5 tissues, which included 10 normal and 5 @entity5 head and neck tissues. An analysis of expression levels was carried out to identify HKMTases with tissue-specific expression and alteration in @entity135 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression levels of HKMTases in normal and @entity5 tissues of the head and neck in comparison with other anatomic sites. RESULTS: In 7 of 10 head and neck tissues, we identified HKMTases that were specifically elevated in these tissues in comparison with all 46 normal tissues. In all five @entity135 , we identified HKMTases specifically elevated in these @entity5 . In addition, we identitified HKMTases with altered expression in @entity5 versus normal head and neck tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Normal head and neck tissues have unique epigenetic profiles demarcated by distinct HKMTase gene expression. We identified HKMTases as potentially tissue-specific epigenetic regulators of the head and neck, which could behave as oncogenes or @entity5 suppressor genes important in malignant transformation of these tissues.

title: Epigenetic perspective into XXXX through in silico gene expression profiling of histone @entity376 methyltransferases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: In regenerative tissues, one of the strategies to protect stem cells from genetic aberrations, potentially caused by frequent cell division, is to transiently expand the stem cell daughters before further differentiation. However, failure to exit the transit amplification may lead to overgrowth, and the molecular mechanism governing this regulation remains vague. In a @entity238 mutagenesis screen for factors involved in the regulation of germline stem cell (GSC) lineage, we isolated a mutation in the gene CG32364, which encodes a putative RNA-binding protein ( @entity39283 ) and is designated as tumorous testis (tut). In tut mutant, spermatogonia fail to differentiate and over-amplify, a phenotype similar to that in @entity57419 mutant. @entity57419 is a TRIM-NHL @entity5 suppressor homolog required for the differentiation of GSC lineage. We found that Tut binds preferentially a long isoform of @entity57419 3'UTR, and is essential for the translational repression of @entity57419 reporter. Bam and @entity57420 are both RBPs that have also been shown to repress @entity57419 expression. Our genetic analyses indicate that tut, bam, or @entity57420 is required to repress @entity57419 and to promote the differentiation of GSCs. Biochemically, we demonstrate that Tut, Bam, and @entity57420 can form a physical complex in which Bam holds Tut on its N-terminus and @entity57420 on its C-terminus. Our in vivo and in vitro evidence illustrate that Tut acts with Bam, @entity57420 to accurately coordinate proliferation and differentiation in @entity238 germline stem cell lineage.

title: Three RNA binding proteins form a complex to promote differentiation of germline stem cell lineage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8561 ( @entity534 ) is an important @entity3689 for both medicinal and industrial applications. For almost six decades, the research has been going on for its improved industrial level production using different microorganisms. While the initial approaches involved random mutagenesis for increased tolerance to @entity534 and consequently higher @entity534 titer, it is laborious and often leads to unwanted phenotypes, such as @entity851 . Discovery of @entity8854 ( @entity367 ) overproducing strains and using them as base strains for @entity534 production led to improved @entity534 production titer. Continued effort to unveil molecular mechanisms led to the accumulation of detailed knowledge on @entity3689 metabolism, which has contributed to better understanding of @entity534 biosynthesis and its regulation. Moreover, systems metabolic engineering now enables scientists and engineers to efficiently construct genetically defined microorganisms for @entity534 overproduction in a more rational and system-wide manner. Despite such effort, @entity534 biosynthesis is still not fully understood and many of the genes in the pathway are mislabeled. Here, we review the major metabolic pathways and its regulation involved in @entity534 biosynthesis in different prokaryotes including recent discoveries. Also, various strategies for metabolic engineering of bacteria for the overproduction of @entity534 are described. Furthermore, metabolic engineering approaches for producing @entity534 derivatives such as @entity10608 ( @entity7222 ), @entity7224 and @entity14780 are described. @entity7222 is used in medical applications, while @entity7224 can be used as a bio-based precursor for the synthesis of nylon-4,6 and nylon-4,10. @entity14780 is also an important compound for the production of @entity17468 , another important bio-based polymer. Strategies outlined here will serve as a general guideline for rationally designing of cell-factories for overproduction of @entity534 and related compounds that are industrially valuable.

title: Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of XXXX and its derivatives.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity14780 :: ('CHEBI:65319', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanophycin', 'Cyanophycin']

entities_list: @entity17468 :: ('MESH:C017645', 'Chemical') :: ['polyaspartate']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

answer: @entity8561 :: (D001120,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons recently completed a national survey of @entity1 with @entity43 . From the large database, the prognostic value of current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for @entity43 was re-examined. METHODS: Data was collected from 25 consecutive @entity43 diagnosed in 1983 and 1988 at 904 hospitals with @entity5 programs. Among a total of 12,316 cases, 5156 @entity1 had long-term survival data. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survivals were 88.9 +/- 0.9%; 57.1 +/- 2.4%; 23.8 +/- 1.3%; and 11.6 +/- 0.9% for Stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Pairwise survival comparisons using Lee-Desu statistic confirmed the prognostic value of current staging system (P < 0.00001). When survival data was substratified further to substage division, the 5-year survivals were: IA, 92.1 +/- 0.9%; IB, 84.9 +/- 3.4%; IC, 82.4 +/- 2.0%; IIA, 69.0 +/- 4.3%; IIB, 56.4 +/- 3.6%; IIC, 51.4 +/- 4.5%; IIIA, 39.3 +/- 2.8%; IIIB, 25.5 +/- 2.6%; IIIC, 17.1 +/- 1.4%; and IV, 11.6 +/- 0.9%. As the disease process becomes more advanced, @entity1 ' survival reduces proportionally. However, the survival reduction is relatively small between IB-IC and IIB-IIC divisions. Survival comparisons revealed significant prognostic value for most substage divisions (P = 0.03-0.0002) except for @entity61544 (P > 0.33). Further analyses revealed no significant differences between IB-IC and IIB-IIC @entity1 in several prognostic parameters such as age, histologic grade, cell type, and amount of @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: These data support the current FIGO staging system. However, Substages IB-IC and IIB-IIC should be combined to respective single substages.

title: National survey of XXXX . VI. Critical assessment of current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity61544 :: ('MESH:C565261', 'Disease') :: ['IB-IC and IIB-IIC combinations']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Shortly after @entity5695 vaccination was reintroduced in Sweden in 1996, an intensified @entity5695 surveillance programme was set up. In this study, we report on in-depth analyses of age-dose-number-specific incidences and the rate of @entity5695 hospitalisation for @entity1 with no, 1 or 2 doses of an acellular @entity5695 vaccine before @entity5695 . Vaccine coverage, the timeliness of childhood vaccination and the effect of later than scheduled @entity5695 vaccination(s) are also examined. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 with notified laboratory-confirmed (culture or PCR) @entity5695 were evaluated among the surveillance population of about 1 million @entity1 , born between 1996 and 2007 and followed for @entity5695 from October 1997 to December 2007, for nearly 6 million @entity1 -years. Birth and vaccination dates of the diseased @entity1 are known from the surveillance programme. To estimate denominators of the age-dose-number-specific @entity5695 incidences, we used birth and vaccination dates from a vaccine trial with more than 72,000 @entity1 combined with national @entity5695 vaccine coverage data for @entity1 in the surveillance population. RESULTS: For @entity1 from 3 to <5 months of age, the incidence of @entity5695 with at least 14 days of cough decreased from 264/100,000 for unvaccinated @entity1 to 155/100,000 for @entity1 with one dose of a @entity5695 vaccine prior to onset of the disease. In the age range 5 to <12 months, the age-dose specific incidences were 526, 95, and 24/100,000 for @entity1 with no, 1 and 2 doses, respectively. The rate of hospitalisation for @entity1 with 1 dose of a @entity5695 vaccine prior to onset of the disease was significantly lower than for unvaccinated @entity1 of the same age. For many @entity1 , there is a delay in administration of the vaccine doses according to the regular 3-5-12 month schedule (which has been the case for many years). Hypothetically, if all @entity1 had been vaccinated exactly on schedule, we would expect about 28% fewer @entity5695 cases with at least 14 days of cough and 38% fewer hospitalisations due to @entity5695 , of cases possible to influence by vaccinations on schedule. CONCLUSION: Pertussis vaccination had a significant effect among @entity1 already after the first dose. This is particularly important for premature @entity1 and @entity1 with severe respiratory and @entity299 . A moderate decrease in the incidence of @entity5695 in @entity1 and rate of hospitalisation could be expected if primary vaccinations were carried out closer to the scheduled time than is currently the practice in Sweden.

title: Pertussis vaccination in infancy lowers the incidence of @entity5695 and the rate of hospitalisation after one and two doses: analyses of 10 years of XXXX surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis disease', 'pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']


abstract: The T helper (Th) cell subsets are characterized by the type of cytokines produced and the master transcription factor expressed. @entity1198 cells participate in cell-mediated immunity, whereas Th2 cells promote humoral immunity. Furthermore, the two subsets can control each other. Thereby, @entity1198 -Th2 balance offered a key paradigm in understanding the induction and regulation of immune pathology in @entity792 . However, over the past decade, Th17 cells producing @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) have emerged as the major pathogenic T cell subset in many pathological conditions that were previously attributed to @entity1198 cells. In addition, the role of CD4+CD25+T regulatory cells (Treg) in controlling the activity of Th17 and other T cell subsets has increasingly been realized. Thereby, examination of the Th17/Treg balance in the course of @entity792 has significantly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders. The differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells from na  ve T cells is inter-related and controlled in part by the cytokine milieu. For example, @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) is required for Treg induction, whereas the same cytokine in the presence of @entity650 (or @entity1192 ) promotes the differentiation of Th17. Furthermore, @entity4452 plays a role in the maintenance of Th17. Accordingly, novel therapeutic approaches are being developed to target @entity4452 / @entity4155 as well as to modulate the Th17/Treg balance in favor of immune regulation to control @entity792 .

title: Involvement of the XXXX / @entity4155 axis and the Th17/Treg balance in the pathogenesis and control of autoimmune arthritis.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b', 'TGFb']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune and other diseases', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity4452 :: (51561,Gene) :: ['IL-23']


abstract: Stress is an important precipitant factor for @entity308 . Changes in various body systems that occur in @entity308 are similar to those observed in response to stress. Chronic stress may alter behavioral, neurochemical and physiological responses to drug challenges and novel stressors. Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) also produces alteration in the serotonergic ( @entity750 ; @entity750 ) neurotransmission. Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) could be used as an animal model of @entity308 . Neurochemical and behavioral effects of UCMS can be reversed by antidepressant agents, suggesting an important role of @entity750 . In rodents, UCMS can elicit @entity308 -like symptoms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the @entity146 induced by chronic mild stress in male and female @entity35 and finding out the vulnerability of the two groups. Male and female @entity35 exposed to UCMS exhibited a significant decrease in cumulative food intake as well as in growth rate. Loco motor activity in home cage and open field was also decreased. Results may contribute to our understanding of the interaction between stress and behavioral functions have to @entity308 .

title: Unpredictable chronic mild stress induced XXXX : a comparative study in male and female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral deficits']


abstract: The intestinal transport of compounds can be measured in vitro with Caco-2 cell monolayers. We took a closer look at the exposure and fate of a chemical in the Caco-2 cell assay, including the effect of protein binding. Transport of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) was measured in the absorptive and secretory direction, with and without albumin basolaterally. Samples were taken from medium, cells, and well plastic. For the secretory transport experiments with albumin, the free @entity5579 concentration at the start of the experiment was measured by negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME). Recovery of @entity5579 from the medium was low, especially in the absorptive transport direction. @entity5579 was found in the cells ( <=20%) and bound to the well plastic ( <=25%), and 94% of @entity5579 was bound to albumin. An initial lag phase was observed, which was likely caused by partitioning of @entity5579 between the donor concentration and the Caco-2 cells; after 20 min, transport of @entity5579 to the receiver compartment was linear. The low recovery and the test compound found both inside the Caco-2 cells and bound to the well plastic complicate the calculation of the fraction transported and render reliable estimates of permeability constants impossible. For a chemical like @entity2644 , which is hydrophobic in its neutral form, but in general also for more lipophilic compounds, the Caco-2 cell assay might not be straightforward, and a more detailed study into the fate and exposure of the test compound might be needed to arrive at meaningful data for transport and permeability.

title: Transport of XXXX in the Caco-2 cell permeability assay: a kinetic study.

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 following shock and tissue @entity130 is frequently detected in the @entity130 setting. These changes occur early, and are associated with increased mortality. The mechanism behind @entity130 -induced @entity1003 (TIC) is not clear. Several studies highlight the crucial role of fibrinogen in posttraumatic @entity548 . This study explores the coagulation changes in a @entity1707 model of early TIC, with emphasis on fibrinogen levels and utilization of fibrinogen. METHODS: A total of 18 landrace @entity1707 were anaesthetized and divided into four groups. The @entity130 ( @entity130 ) were inflicted bilateral blast @entity3330 with concomitant soft tissue injury by a high-energy rifle shot to both hind legs, followed by controlled exsanguination. The Shock group (S) was exposed to shock by exsanguination, whereas a third group was exposed to @entity130 only (T). A fourth group (C) served as control. Physiological data, haematological measurements, blood gas analyses and conventional coagulation assays were recorded at baseline and repeatedly over 60 minutes. Thrombelastometry were performed by means of the tissue factor activated ExTEM assay and the platelet inhibiting FibTEM assay. Data were statistically analysed by repeated measurements analyses method. RESULTS: A significant reduction of fibrinogen concentration was observed in both the @entity130 and S groups. INR increased significantly in the S group and differed significantly from the @entity130 group. @entity4461 ( @entity4461 ) of the ExTEM assay was significantly reduced over time in both @entity130 and S groups. In the FibTEM assay a significant shortening of the clotting time and an increase in @entity4461 was observed in the @entity130 group compared to the S group. CONCLUSION: Despite a reduction in clotting capability measured by ExTEM @entity4461 and a reduced fibrinogen concentration, extensive tissue @entity130 may induce an increased fibrin based clotting activity that attenuates the hypocoagulable tendency in exsanguinated animals.

title: Changes in fibrinogen availability and utilization in an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired haemostasis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['MCF', 'Maximum clot firmness']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Trauma-Shock group', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['traumatic coagulopathy']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pre-treatment and post-treatment dental arch changes in both upper and lower arches in orthodontic @entity1 treated with extraction of first @entity2651 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Measurements were made on casts of 50 post treated cases in the age group of 12-30 years for individual tooth measurements, width of the arches (inter-incisal, inter- @entity235 , inter-premolar and inter-molar) arch length (both right and left sides, anterior segment, posterior segment and total arch length for both for the maxillary and mandibular dental casts. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for Normality, Regression Analysis was done as variables were tested and proved to follow normality. Statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare the changes in the Class I and Class II div 1 groups. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the inter-incisor and inter- @entity235 width post-treatment in the Class I and Class II div 1 subjects in the upper arch but no significant change in inter-incisor width in the lower arch in class I subjects. A significant decline in the inter-molar arch width in both the groups were seen. The inter-premolar arch width declined significantly in Class I cases while it increased significantly in Class II div 1 subjects. There was a significant increase in anterior arch length and a significant decrease in posterior arch length in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this original clinical research should significantly help the orthodontists in orthodontic treatment planning in @entity1 requiring extractions of premolars.

title: Comparison of the dental arch changes in XXXX with different malocclusions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['premolar teeth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We realized one of the first observational studies in sub-Saharan Africa whose aim was to analyze the growth in steroid-responsive @entity1985 . This was a retrospective study, involving 30  @entity1 followed for @entity1985 in pediatric nephrology unit of the University Hospital of Yopougon (Abidjan) from 28.02.2005 to 19.12.2010. Each @entity1 was followed for two  years and we are interested in demographic characteristics and the evolution of size. At the end of our study, it appears that: the mean age was 89.33      43.41  months (7.44  years) with a sex ratio of 3,28. At the end of the two  years of follow-up, @entity1 had received a median dose of @entity230 6151      3832  mg/m(2), 9111      1376  mg/m(2) and 8664      5379  mg/m(2), respectively, for a relapse or no, two and at least three relapses. Fourteen @entity1 had received @entity560 therapy and @entity460 . At the end of follow-up, four  @entity1 had @entity851 . An average gain in Z-score was noted at the end of follow-up in @entity1 and @entity1 respectively +0.06 and +0.36. The @entity851 observed in our study was not associated with different growth periods (P=0.116), gender (P=0.548) and the mean Z-scores observed at the end of follow-up was not significantly different between the sexes (P=0.26). @entity851 observed was not related to the cumulative dose administered (P=0.15), number of relapse (P=1.000).

title: [Growth in steroid-responsive XXXX in Cote d'Ivoire].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth retardation', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin  D']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the introduction of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for @entity320 , inguinal lymph node dissections (ILND) are more commonly performed for microscopic disease than for clinically palpable disease. We sought to examine the effect this change has on the morbidity of the operation. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 who underwent an ILND for @entity320 between October 1997 and April, 2006. Clinical and pathologic data were collected and correlated by multivariate analysis with the incidence of a major wound complication. RESULTS: We identified 212 @entity1 , 132 who underwent an ILND for a positive SLN and 80 for clinically palpable disease. Age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were similar in both groups. @entity1 with clinically palpable disease had a significantly greater number of involved nodes (3.0 vs 1.96, P = .0013), more often had >or=4 involved nodes (29% vs 9%, P < .001), and a greater incidence of extranodal extension (47% vs 5%, P < .001). Of the 212 @entity1 , 41 (19%) had a significant wound complication. This complication was significantly higher among @entity1 with clinical disease compared to @entity1 with a positive SLN (28% vs 14%, P = .02). Only BMI (odds ratio of 1.1) and the indication for the procedure (odds ratio of 2.2) were independent predictors of a major wound complication. @entity4269 occurred in 30% of the @entity1 and was only significantly associated with clinical disease (41% vs 24%, P = .025). With a median follow-up of 2 years, regional recurrence was not significantly greater in @entity1 with clinically palpable disease (13% vs 9%, P = not significant [ns]), although this result was possibly due to the significantly greater rate of distant recurrence (49% vs 18%, P < .001) and @entity204 (48% vs 21%) in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing an ILND for a positive SLN have a significantly lower risk of @entity260 or @entity4269 than do @entity1 undergoing ILND for clinically palpable disease. There is a benefit in regard to the morbidity of treatment in surgically staging @entity320 @entity1 by SLN biopsy and preventing ILND for palpable disease.

title: Inguinal node dissection for XXXX in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity3641 ( @entity3641 ) and @entity5834 in combination were shown to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, but less is known about the effects of black tea (BT) and oolong tea (OT). This study investigated whether decaffeinated @entity3978 extracts from @entity3641 , BT, and OT decrease body fat and @entity32 in male C57BL/6J @entity19 fed high-fat/high- @entity969 [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from @entity969 )] diets. @entity19 were fed either an HF/HS diet with 0.25% of @entity3978 from @entity3641 , OT, or BT or a low-fat/high- @entity969 [LF/HS (10.6% energy from fat, 25% energy from @entity969 )] diet for 20 wk. Monomeric tea @entity6398 were found in the liver and adipose tissue of @entity19 fed the HF/HS diet with @entity3641 @entity6398 (GTPs) and OT @entity6398 (OTPs) but not BT @entity6398 (BTPs). Treatment with GTPs, OTPs, BTPs, and an LF/HS diet led to significantly lower body weight, total visceral fat volume by MRI, and liver lipid weight compared with @entity19 in the HF/HS control group. Only GTPs reduced food intake significantly by    10%. @entity3007 , BTP, and LF/HS-diet treatments significantly reduced serum @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) compared with HF/HS controls. In mesenteric fat, @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) gene expression was significantly decreased by treatment with GTPs, BTPs, OTPs, and an LF/HS diet and in liver tissue by @entity3007 and BTP treatments. @entity1750 gene expression in epididymal fat was significantly decreased by the BTP and LF/HS diet interventions. In epididymal fat, consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect, adiponectin gene expression was significantly increased by GTPs and OTPs. Angiogenesis during adipose tissue expansion is anti-inflammatory by maintaining adipocyte perfusion. We observed significantly increased gene expression of @entity1611 by GTPs and @entity11132 by BTPs and the LF/HS diet and a decrease in pigment epithelium-derived factor gene expression by OTPs and BTPs. In summary, all 3 tea @entity3978 extracts induced @entity353 and anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects, although the tissue content of @entity6398 differed significantly.

title: XXXX , black tea, and oolong tea @entity6398 reduce visceral fat and @entity32 in @entity19 fed high-fat, high- @entity969 obesogenic diets.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11132 :: ('16542(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'Mcp1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor A']

answer: @entity3641 :: (MESH:D003117,Disease) :: ['Green tea']


abstract: Whole cell recordings were made from @entity12128 HVc neurons in slice preparations. Four distinct classes of neuron were found on the basis of their electrophysiological properties. The morphological characteristics of some of these neurons were also examined by intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow. Type I neurons (21 of 65 cells) had longer time-to-peak of an afterhyperpolarization following an action potential than the other classes. They exhibited both fast and time-dependent inward rectification and an initial high-frequency firing followed by a slower constant firing. Type I neurons had large somata and thick dendrites with many spines. The axons of some of the neurons in this class projected in the direction of area X of the parolfactory lobe. @entity528 (30 of 65 cells) had a more negative resting membrane potential than the other classes. They exhibited fast inward rectification. @entity528 could be divided into two subclasses by the absence (IIa; 22 cells) and the presence (IIb; 8 cells) of a low-threshold transient depolarization. Type IIa neurons had relatively small somata and thin, spiny dendrites. The axons of some of the neurons in this class projected in the direction of the robust nucleus of the archistriatum ( @entity309 ). Type IIb neurons had relatively large somata and thick dendrites with many spines. @entity528 (6 of 65 cells) had a shorter action-potential duration than the other classes. They exhibited prominent time-dependent inward rectification and a regular tonic firing with little or no accommodation. @entity528 had beaded, aspiny dendrites. Type IV neurons (8 of 65 cells) had a longer action-potential duration, a much larger input resistance, and longer membrane time constant than the other classes. Type IV neurons had small somata and thin, short, sparsely spiny dendrites. The axons of some of the neurons in this class projected in the direction of the @entity309 . These classes of neuron may play distinct roles in song production and representation in the HVc.

title: Electrophysiological characteristics of classes of neuron in the HVc of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Type III neurons', 'Type II neurons']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eccentric distribution of @entity1856 has been associated with plaques likely to @entity397 and cause an @entity1187 , but the factors responsible for the development of eccentricity remain unknown. @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) drives plaque formation. We aimed to investigate the role of the local @entity1642 characteristics in the de novo development and progressive worsening of plaque eccentricity in @entity1 . METHODS: Vascular profiling (3-vessel 3D coronary reconstruction by angiography/intravascular ultrasound, and blood flow simulation for @entity1642 computation) was performed in 374 @entity1 at baseline _ 6-10 months follow-up. At baseline, we identified (i) disease-free segments (n  =  2157), and (ii) diseased regions of luminal obstructions (n  =  408). RESULTS: In disease-free regions, baseline low @entity1642 magnitude (p  <  0.001), marked @entity1642 circumferential heterogeneity (p  =  0.001), and their interaction (p  =  0.026) were associated with an increased probability of de novo eccentric plaque formation at follow-up. In diseased regions, baseline low @entity1642 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.33, p  =  0.003) and large plaque burden (OR: 2.46, p  =  0.002) were independent predictors of substantially increasing plaque eccentricity index with worsening lumen encroachment. This combined outcome was more frequent in obstructions with both features vs. all others (33 vs. 12%; p  <  0.001). The incidence of percutaneous coronary intervention in worsening obstructions with increasing plaque eccentricity was higher (13.3 vs. 4.3%, p  =  0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The local hemodynamic environment has a critical effect on the development of eccentric coronary plaques at both an early and advanced stage of @entity731 . Local @entity1642 assessment could help in predicting sites prone to plaque disruption and @entity1187 in @entity1 .

title: Effect of the local hemodynamic environment on the de novo development and progression of eccentric coronary atherosclerosis in XXXX : Insights from PREDICTION.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'Endothelial shear stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity788 are of small size and conventional imaging examinations such as percutaneous ultrasonography (US), Computerized Tomography (CT) and MRI usually fail to reveal the lesion. In this article we describe the potential role of combining arteriography with CT, which is superior to single arteriography or CT. METHODOLOGY: A 45-year-old @entity1 who suffered from significant catecholaminergic and @entity1109 , such as @entity2845 , @entity9201 , @entity2414 and @entity911 , was diagnosed with @entity9608 by biochemical tests. The serum level of @entity413 of fast in the morning was as low as 1.2 mmol/L, coincident with the low serum level of @entity413 ; the serum level of insulin was 28.77 mIU/L. The fasting insulin-to- @entity413 ratio was higher than 0.4. The C-peptide of 1097.62 pmol/L was higher than normal. The lesion was not identified on US, CT scan or arteriography. However the combination of arteriography with CT revealed the small @entity9608 located at junction of the body and the tail of the pancreas, about 1.0 x 0.8 cm. RESULTS: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) verified the lesion which located in the posterior and superior aspect of the pancreas and spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. After the surgery the @entity1 underwent a good recovery and was discharged two weeks later. He has developed no further episodes of @entity4053 two years after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Combining arteriography with CT is a valuable examination for @entity9608 , and IOUS is helpful to verify the lesion. Entire excision of the lesion is the best way of treatment.

title: Localization of small sized XXXX by means of combining arteriography with CT: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuroglycopenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypodynamia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma']


abstract: In a 2-week probe study male and female Fischer-344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 were exposed 6 hr/day to 2000, 500, 100, or 0 ppm @entity12141 (MIBK). At 2000 ppm there was a slight increase in male @entity35 liver weight (absolute and relative). The only changes observed histologically were increases in regenerative tubular epithelia and hyalin droplets in kidneys of male @entity35 exposed to 2000 or 500 ppm. Exposure levels for a subchronic study were 0, 50, 250, or 1000 ppm @entity12141 vapors 6 hr/day, 5 days per week, for 14 weeks. The 14 weeks of exposure had no adverse effect on the clinical health or growth of @entity35 or @entity19 . Male @entity35 and male @entity19 exposed to 1000 ppm MIBK had a slight but statistically significant increase in liver weight and the liver weight/body weight ratio. Liver weight was also increased slightly in male @entity19 exposed to 250 ppm. No gross or microscopic @entity99 related to MIBK exposure were observed. Furthermore, the only microscopic change observed was an increase in the incidence and extent of hyalin droplets within proximal tubular cells of the kidneys of male @entity35 exposed to 250 and 1000 ppm of MIBK. The relevance of the male @entity35 kidney tubular effect to @entity1 is not known. In conclusion, other than the male @entity35 kidney effect, exposure of male and female @entity35 and @entity19 to MIBK at levels up to 1000 ppm for 14 weeks was without significant toxicological effect.

title: A 14-week vapor inhalation toxicity study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12141 :: ('MESH:C005458', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl isobutyl ketone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity12141 :: (MESH:C005458,Chemical) :: ['methyl isobutyl ketone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Entorhinal cortex is a highly epilepsy-prone brain region. Effects of repetitive @entity410 on ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (iGluRs) were investigated in @entity35 entorhinal cortex slices. @entity410 were induced by daily administration of @entity973 ( @entity974 ). Electrophysiological, pharmacological and histological investigations were carried out to determine changes in synaptic efficacy and in sensitivity of iGluRs due to recurring @entity410 . Repeated 4-AP-induced @entity410 increased the amplitude of evoked synaptic field responses in @entity35 entorhinal cortical slices. While vulnerability to inhibition of @entity140 receptors by the specific antagonist @entity18713 was slightly reduced, responsiveness to @entity143 receptor antagonist APV remained unaffected. Testing of bivalent cation permeability of iGluRs revealed reduced @entity141 -influx through non- @entity143 receptors. According to the semi-quantitative histoblot analysis @entity4860 -4, @entity4860 , @entity139 , @entity8036 , @entity4474 and @entity4476 subunit protein expression differently altered. While there was a marked decrease in the level of @entity4860 -4, @entity139 and @entity8036 receptor subunits, @entity4860 and @entity4476 protein levels moderately increased. The results indicate that brief @entity410 , repeated daily for 10  days can increase overall entorhinal cortex excitability despite a reduction in @entity140 / @entity4176 receptor activity, probably through the alteration of local network susceptibility.

title: Repeated Application of XXXX Provoke an Increase in Entorhinal Cortex Excitability and Rearrange @entity140 and Kainate Receptors.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-Aminopyridine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several procedures have been introduced to manage this complex congenital @entity4297 . It is not clear that any one approach is best for all @entity1 . Decision-making for a given @entity1 may be influenced by multiple @entity1 factors. There is little doubt that surgeon and institutional experience and preference also play a role. We have focused our survey on three procedures, i.e., the Rastelli, Nikaidoh (aortic root translocation), and r  paration    l'  tageventriculaire (REV) procedures. The questionnaire was directed to all Congenital Heart Surgeon Society member surgeons. A total of 61 clinical practitioners responded to our survey. Of them, 45 (73.8  %) were staff congenital heart surgeons, 11 (18  %) were staff pediatric cardiologists, 1 (1.6  %) was a staff adult congenital cardiologist, 1 (1.6  %) was a fellow pediatric cardiologist, 2 (3.3  %) were fellow or resident congenital heart surgeons, and 1 (1.6  %) was a nurse practitioner. Most respondents believe that the Rastelli procedure should be considered the first option (n  =  28, 45.9  %), while 24 (39.3  %) respondents believe that the Nikaidoh procedure should be considered the first option. Asked "To which surgeon do you prefer to refer your @entity1 " (one who will perform Rastelli, Nikaidoh, or REV), all staff cardiologists (n  =  12, 100  %) responded "doesn't matter." This survey revealed a wide diversity among clinical practitioners in terms of management of @entity1 with @entity13808 /VSD/LVOTO and preferred surgical approaches. A multi-institutional study of surgical management of @entity13808 /VSD/LVOTO may help to define principles for optimal matching of procedures to @entity1 .

title: D-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (D- XXXX /VSD/LVOTO): A Survey of Perceptions, Preferences, and Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['heart malformation']

answer: @entity13808 :: (6899,Gene) :: ['TGA']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We estimate the minimum dose and total sedation time of rapidly infused @entity3652 that achieves 3 to 5 minutes of effective sedation in @entity1 undergoing @entity174 reduction in the emergency department. METHODS: We used the up-down method to estimate the median dose of intravenous @entity3652 infused during less than or equal to 5 seconds that provided effective sedation in 50% (ED50) and 95% (ED95) of healthy @entity1 aged 2 to 5, 6 to 11, or 12 to 17 years who were undergoing @entity174 reduction. Most @entity1 were pretreated with opioids. Three investigators blinded to @entity3652 dose independently graded sedation effectiveness by viewing a video recording of the first 5 minutes of sedation. Recovery was assessed by modified Aldrete score. RESULTS: We enrolled 20 @entity1 in each age group. The estimated ED50 was 0.7, 0.5, and 0.6 mg/kg and the estimated ED95 was 0.7, 0.7, and 0.8 mg/kg for the groups aged 2 to 5, 6 to 11, and 12 to 17 years, respectively. For the group aged 2 to 5 years, an empirically derived ED95 was 0.8 mg/kg. All @entity1 who received the empirically derived ED95 in the group aged 2 to 5 years or the estimated ED95 in the groups aged 6 to 11 and 12 to 17 years had effective sedation. The median total sedation time for the 3 age groups, respectively, was 25, 22.5, and 25 minutes if 1 dose of @entity3652 was administered and 35, 25, and 45 minutes if additional doses were administered. No @entity1 experienced serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: We estimated ED50 and ED95 for rapidly infused @entity3652 for 3 age groups undergoing @entity174 reduction. Total sedation time was shorter than that in most previous studies.

title: Rapid Administration Technique of XXXX for Pediatric Forearm Fracture Reduction: A Dose-Finding Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['forearm fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: @entity5 , including carcinoids account for less than 1% of @entity356 . Various subtypes of @entity356 have been reported earlier. The present case deals with two unusual presentations, diagnosis and course of a @entity356 in an adult @entity1 . A 35-years-old male initially presented with @entity1084 for an antral growth in the emergency ward. He underwent radical gastrectomy and was diagnosed with a @entity356 , on histopathology. After 6 months, he developed hepatic along with nodular cutaneous lesions over the scalp. Aspiration cytology (FNAC) from these metastatic lesions showed two distinct cell types with rosette formation. Ultrastructural findings showed neurosecretory granules in some cells. Subsequently, he underwent 2 cycles of chemotherapy. After a total duration of 9 months, he finally succumbed to the disease. We present a case of a gastric @entity42143 , with 2 rare presentations. The metastatic lesions exhibited neuroendocrine features on cytology and electron microscopy.

title: @entity1084 and cutaneous metastasis in XXXX of stomach - unusual presentations with cytologic and ultra structural findings.

entities_list: @entity42143 :: ('MESH:C538230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric carcinoids', 'gastric neuroendocrine tumor', 'gastric carcinoid tumor']

answer: @entity42143 :: (MESH:C538230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoid tumor']


abstract: We recently identified and characterized a protease present in rat serum which is capable of generating des(1-3) @entity2135 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity2338 and replacement on the activity of this protease in rat serum and tissue extracts. Protease activity was significantly higher in sera from hypophysectomized (hypox) @entity35 than sham-operated @entity35 (P < 0.001) and GH treatment of hypox @entity35 ( @entity1 GH, 100 micrograms/100 g body weight i.p. for 10 days) significantly reduced the levels towards normal. The addition of @entity2135 to hypox rat serum to achieve @entity2135 concentrations comparable with or greater than that seen in normal rat serum had no effect on the measured protease activity. Protease activity was also detected in tissue extracts. The level of protease activity in the various tissues from sham-operated @entity35 demonstrated the following order: liver > testes > heart > skeletal muscle > lung > thymus > kidney > brain > spleen. In all tissue extracts examined, except that from the lung, the levels of protease activity were higher in extracts from hypox @entity35 compared with sham-operated @entity35 . The largest differences between tissue extracts from hypox and sham-operated @entity35 were seen in spleen (4-fold higher), kidney (2.27-fold), testes (1.55-fold) and heart (1.31-fold). In the liver, kidney and testes, GH treatment significantly reduced protease activity. Since the pattern of serum IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) differ in hypox @entity35 compared with normal @entity35 , we determined whether these changes could result in enhanced serum binding of des(1-3) @entity2135 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enzymatic conversion of @entity2135 to des(1-3) @entity2135 in rat serum and tissues: a further potential site of growth hormone regulation of XXXX action.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: Three cases of cryptosporidiosis in @entity1 are described. @entity490 without concomitant acute @entity294 , was the main clinical symptom. No other intestinal pathological agent was isolated. All @entity1 were males, aged between 25-27 months, living in urban area and with a high socioeconomic level. They went to day nurseries and only one was contacted with home animal. This last @entity1 had a previous @entity7014 treated with @entity868 . Nutritional status was normal. Neither humoral nor cellular immunodeficiency was detected. @entity49481 isolation was performed with Ziehl-Neelsen modified technique. All recovered with negativity of @entity490 and bacteriologic controls, using solely dietetic measures.

title: [ XXXX in childhood due to a @entity49481 parasitosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity49481 :: ('5808', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium muris']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['Abdominal pain']


abstract: The 109-amino acid Nun protein of prophage @entity62258 excludes superinfecting @entity5999 by blocking transcription elongation on the lambda chromosome. Multiple interactions between Nun and the transcription elongation complex are involved in this reaction. The Nun @entity2733 -terminal @entity369 -rich motif binds BOXB sequence in nascent lambda transcripts, whereas the @entity1473 terminus binds RNA polymerase and contacts DNA template. Nun Trp(108) is required for interaction with DNA and transcription arrest. We analyzed the role of the adjacent Lys(106) and Lys(107) residues in the Nun reaction. Substitution of the @entity376 residues with @entity369 ( @entity62259 / @entity62260 ) had no effect on transcription arrest in vitro or in vivo. Nun @entity62261 / @entity62262 was partially active, whereas Nun @entity62263 / @entity62264 was defective in vitro and failed to exclude lambda. All mutants bound RNA polymerase and BOXB. In contrast to Nun @entity62259 / @entity62260 and @entity62261 / @entity62262 , Nun @entity62263 / @entity62264 did not cross-link DNA template. These results suggest that transcription arrest is facilitated by electrostatic interactions between positively charged Nun residues Lys(106) and Lys(107) and negatively charged DNA @entity1391 groups. These may assist intercalation of Trp(108) into template.

title: Transcription termination by @entity62258 Nun is facilitated by XXXX -terminal @entity376 residues.

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1473 :: (CHEBI:46883,Chemical) :: ['COOH']


abstract: @entity7031 ( @entity7031 ) is a severe @entity74 with no specific treatment or prenatal diagnosis available at present. The recent identification of @entity27529 , which encodes a @entity563 protease inhibitor, as the defective gene enables DNA based prenatal diagnosis to be carried out. Here we report the first direct molecular prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form due to a recurrent @entity27529 mutation in three consanguineous Turkish families. XmnI restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that each deceased affected @entity1 was homozygous for mutation @entity58772 inherited from each parent. Analysis of fetal DNA from amniotic fluid cells in Family 1 and from a chorionic villus sampling in Family 3 showed that the fetus was heterozygous for @entity58772 in both cases. The pregnancies were carried to term and the newborns were unaffected. In Family 2, fetal DNA analysis from chorionic villus biopsy showed in a first pregnancy that the fetus was homozygous for @entity58772 . The pregnancy was terminated at 13 weeks and DNA analysis of fetal keratinocytes confirmed the prenatal prediction. In a second pregnancy in Family 2, fetal DNA analysis showed heterozygosity for @entity58772 , and the pregnancy was continued. Direct @entity27529 mutation analysis in families at risk for @entity7031 represents the first early, rapid and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of this life threatening form of @entity5657 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form of XXXX by @entity27529 mutation analysis.

entities_list: @entity7031 :: ('MESH:D056770', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Netherton syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity7031 :: (MESH:D056770,Disease) :: ['Netherton syndrome']


abstract: @entity1358 has a propensity to extend as @entity5 @entity715 into the renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC). The preoperative assessment for the presence and extent of renal vein and IVC @entity5 @entity715 is important for planning appropriate surgical resection. Imaging procedures [CT, ultrasound (US), MR, venacavography] were correlated with surgical findings and pathology in 431 consecutive @entity1 who had a radical nephrectomy for @entity1358 . Ninety-nine (23%) @entity1 had @entity5 @entity715 extending at least into the main renal vein. Of these, 29 had @entity5 @entity715 extending within the IVC. @entity1 were classified into two groups based on the surgical extent of @entity5 @entity715 . Group A @entity1 had no @entity5 @entity715 or had @entity5 @entity715 only in the renal vein proximal to the site of surgical ligation. Group B @entity1 had @entity5 @entity715 that extended to or beyond the distal renal vein at the site of surgical ligation. Forty-one @entity1 had Group B @entity5 @entity715 . Group B @entity5 @entity715 was not seen in a @entity1358 that was smaller than 4.5 cm. The sensitivity of CT for detecting Group B @entity5 @entity715 was 79% and that of US was 68%. However, a much higher percentage of US examinations were technically indeterminate. In the @entity1 who had either MR or venacavography, both imaging procedures were 100% sensitive for detecting group B @entity5 @entity715 . Magnetic resonance imaging and venacavography appear to be the most sensitive means of identifying @entity5 @entity715 .

title: Renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor @entity715 in XXXX : CT, US, MRI and venacavography.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1228 is an uncommon disease entity in which the left common iliac vein is compressed by the right common iliac artery with subsequent development of @entity1150 and @entity4096 . We report our experience on the treatment of extensive @entity1150 due to @entity1228 using endovascular techniques. METHODS: The study group comprised 21 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ; mean age 51 years) diagnosed with @entity1228 by venogram. Eighteen @entity1 were treated with catheter-guided thrombolysis; 3 @entity1 with short segment involvement did not require thrombolysis. After completion of the thrombolytic therapy, the residual venous narrowing was treated by balloon angioplasty and/or placement of a self-expandable stent. RESULTS: The mean total dose of urokinase was 4.28 +/- 1.89 million units, and the mean duration of infusion was 72 +/- 35 hr. Eighteen of the 21 @entity1 received stent deployment. The mean diameter of the stents was 12.9 +/- 2.0 mm. Initial technical successes with immediate symptom resolution were achieved in 20 of the 21 @entity1 (95%). We performed a follow-up venogram 6 months after procedure and checked clinical symptoms at outpatient clinics (mean follow-up duration 10.8 months). Among the @entity1 who received stent implantation, 2 had recurrent @entity715 during the follow-up period. Three @entity1 , who did not receive stent implantation, all had recurrent @entity715 . There were no major @entity548 complications except in 1 @entity1 who developed retroperitoneal @entity1410 . CONCLUSION: Catheter-guided thrombolysis and angioplasty with stent implantation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity1228 .

title: Percutaneous treatment of XXXX in @entity1228 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: @entity1 with stab wounds and haematuria were selected for surgical exploration if they had signs of severe @entity190 , an associated intra-abdominal laceration or major abnormality on the intravenous urogram (IVU). @entity1 without these signs were selected for non-operative management, consisting of bed rest, an intravenous antibiotic for 24 h and regular observation. Of 95 @entity1 , 60 (63%) were selected for non-operative management (Group 1) and 35 (37%) were selected for primary surgical exploration (Group 2). At surgery in Group 2, a major @entity8 and/or associated intra-abdominal laceration was found in 31 @entity1 . Thus a probably unnecessary operation was performed in only 4 @entity1 (4% of the whole group of 95 @entity1 ). @entity8 occurred in 12 of the 60 @entity1 (20%) in Group 1 and consisted mainly of secondary @entity548 caused by an @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) or pseudo- @entity439 . Management of the @entity8 included @entity1347 in 6, nephrectomy in 2, heminephrectomy in 1, open surgical ligation of an @entity2548 in 1 and spontaneous resolution in 2 @entity1 . The mean period of hospitalisation was significantly shorter in Group 1 (6.1 days) than in Group 2 @entity1 (9.9 days). Comparing the Group 1 @entity1 who developed @entity8 with those who did not, we would recommend more aggressive selection for surgery of those @entity1 exhibiting clinical signs of shock, a fall in haemoglobin during observation, a palpable abdominal mass, a haemothorax and/or pneumothorax ipsilateral to the @entity8 , and IVU signs of extravasation, non-function, delayed excretion or hydroureteronephrosis due to @entity4461 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Selective surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications', 'Renal complications', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal stab wounds']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between placental pathology and pattern of @entity1545 in full-term @entity1 with @entity75 after a presumed @entity63 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group comprised full-term @entity1 with @entity75 subsequent to presumed @entity519 - @entity63 with available placenta for analysis who underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first 15 days after birth. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the placenta were assessed. The @entity1 were classified according to the predominant pattern of @entity1545 detected on MRI: no injury, predominant white matter/watershed injury, predominant @entity21 , or white matter/watershed injury with BGT involvement. Maternal and perinatal clinical factors were recorded. RESULTS: Placental tissue was available for analysis in 95 of 171 @entity1 evaluated (56%). Among these 95 @entity1 , 34 had no @entity75 on MRI, 27 had white matter/watershed injury, 18 had @entity21 , and 16 had white matter/watershed injury with BGT involvement. @entity5870 was a common placental finding in both the @entity1 without injury (59%) and those with @entity21 (56%). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, white matter/watershed injury with and without BGT involvement was associated with decreased placental maturation. @entity4053 was associated with an increased risk of the @entity21 pattern (OR,5.4; 95% CI, 1.4-21.4). The @entity21 pattern was associated with @entity102 (OR, 12.7; 95% CI, 2.4-68.7). A placental weight <10th percentile appeared to be protective against @entity1545 , especially for the BGT pattern (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.7). CONCLUSION: Placental weight <10th percentile was mainly associated with normal cerebral MRI findings. @entity5028 and @entity4053 <2.0 mmol/L were associated with increased risk of white matter/watershed injury with or without BGT involvement. @entity102 was associated with @entity21 irrespective of @entity62 .

title: Placental pathology in full-term XXXX with hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy and association with magnetic resonance imaging pattern of @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic insult', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral abnormalities', 'neonatal encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased placental maturation']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic villitis', 'chronic villitis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia and thalami (BGT) injury', 'BGT injury', 'white matter/BGT injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Previous studies have pointed out a lack of adhesion structures in the synovial lining layer of the @entity35 @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) despite showing an epithelial arrangement. @entity3802 , a major cell adhesion molecule, plays crucial roles as an anchor between cells and extracellular matrices by binding hyaluronan (HA) for the development of organs or the metastasis of @entity5 . The present study examined the localization of @entity3802 in the synovial membrane of the @entity35 @entity1348 by immunocytochemistry for OX50, ED1, and @entity28915 , which are markers for the @entity35 @entity3802 , macrophage-like type A, and fibroblast-like type B synoviocytes, respectively. Histochemistry for @entity61340 ( @entity61340 ) was also employed for the detection of HA. OX50 immunoreactions were found along the cell surface and, in particular, accumulated along the surface of the articular cavity. Observations by a double immunostaining and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that all the OX50-immunopositive cells were categorized as fibroblastic type B cells, which had many caveolae and a few vesicles reactive to intense OX50. However, the macrophage-like type A cells did not have any OX50 immunoreaction in the synovial lining layer. A strong @entity61340 reaction was discernable in the extracellular matrix surrounding both OX50-positive and -negative cells in the synovial lining layers, exhibiting a meshwork distribution, but weak in its sublining layer. This localization pattern of @entity3802 and @entity61340 might be involved in the formation of the epithelial arrangement of the synovial lining layer. Furthermore, OX50 immunonegativity in the type A cells suggests their low phagocytotic activity in the @entity35 @entity1348 under normal conditions.

title: Localization of XXXX and hyaluronan in the synovial membrane of the @entity35 @entity1348 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity3802 :: (25406(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 is an aggressive solid @entity5 associated with a high risk of local invasion and metastatic spread. In the absence of validated screening approaches, many @entity1 present with advanced, incurable disease. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis for @entity1 with advanced @entity788 remains poor. The benefits of surgical resection and radiation are unproven in this setting and, as @entity1 generally present with distant metastases, systemic therapy forms the mainstay of treatment. The importance of selecting the optimal cytotoxic therapy remains to be critical to improving outcome and retaining quality of life. This review sets out to compare the current therapies available for advanced @entity788 . Areas covered: This review examines the evolution of the systemic management of advanced @entity788 , with a particular focus on the landmark Phase III trials identified from an extensive PubMed and Google scholar literature search. The article summarises the cytotoxic agents in use and the results of two decades of clinical trials to culminate in an almost doubling of survival in clinical trials. Expert opinion: In the concluding expert opinion, the challenges interpreting and translating trial results into clinical practice are discussed, where @entity1 are often older and of worse performance status. In the future, novel biomarkers might be used to tailor therapy.

title: Systemic therapy for advanced XXXX : individualising cytotoxic therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The effect of @entity1 recombinant @entity216 (hrLC-1) on the pyrogenic actions of the synthetic polyribonucleotide @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ) has been studied in conscious @entity95 . Poly I:C (2.5 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. produced a biphasic fever with a first peak after 90-105 min and a second peak between 225-240 min. hrLC-1 (50 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. simultaneously with the poly I:C produced a significant reduction in the febrile response but without complete suppression. The thermal response index over 5 h (TRI5) was 4.69 +/- 0.51 for poly I:C given with saline and the TRI5 for poly I:C given with hrLC-1 was 2.66 +/- 0.45 (values are for n = 5 +/- s.e. mean, P less than 0.05). hrLC-1 administered alone had no effect on body temperature and its antipyretic activity was lost on heating. In a separate series of experiments 1 h pretreatment with @entity619 (1 mg kg-1) given i.v. reduced the pyrogenic response (TRI5) to poly I:C (2.5 micrograms kg-1) from 4.87 +/- 0.54 without @entity619 to 2.00 +/- 0.25 (n = 5, P less than 0.05) and @entity619 given alone had no effect on body temperature. These data demonstrate that LC-1 possesses antipyretic actions and raises the possibility that the antipyretic actions of @entity619 are mediated through the induction of LC-1.

title: Antipyretic actions of @entity1 recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity216 :: (301,Gene) :: ['lipocortin-1']


abstract: Behavioral and neurophysiological studies suggest that the brain constructs different representations of space. Among these representations are personal and peripersonal space. Personal space refers to the space occupied by our bodies. Peripersonal space refers to the space surrounding our bodies, which can be reached by our limbs. How these two representations are bound to give a unified sense of space in which @entity1 act is not clear. We tested 10 @entity1 with @entity1054 to investigate this issue. @entity1054 is an @entity71 in which @entity1 are unaware of being touched on their contralesional limb if they are also touched simultaneously on their ipsilesional limb. We hypothesized that mechanisms that bind personal and peripersonal representations would improve these @entity1 ' awareness of being touched on their contralesional limbs. Visual--tactile integration and intentional movements were considered candidate mechanisms. @entity1 were more likely to be aware of contralesional touch when looking towards their contralesional limb than when looking towards their ipsilesional limb, and when actively moving on tactile probes than when receiving tactile stimuli passively. The improved awareness of being touched on the contralesional limb under these conditions suggests that cross-sensory and sensorimotor integration help bind personal and peripersonal space.

title: Binding personal and peripersonal space: evidence from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attentional disorder']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['Tactile extinction', 'tactile extinction']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['tactile extinction']


abstract: The study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of disinfection of root canals with periapical radiolucencies when treated with either antibiotics/ @entity134 medicaments (Ledermix or @entity62365 ) or a @entity6086 paste (Calasept). Microbiological samples were taken before and after two-visit endodontic treatment from 88 canals with @entity1546 . All of the canals but one (87 of 88) had cultivable growth before treatment. After dressing with Ledermix, @entity62365 , or Calasept, the percentages of canals remained with positive growth were 48% (13 of 27), 31% (8 of 26), and 31% (11 of 35), respectively. The chi(2) tests showed there were no significant differences in the number of canals with positive growth or mean colony forming units counts after instrumentation, irrigation and dressing. In the Ledermix group, 38 strains of bacteria were recovered. The @entity62365 group had 25 strains, and the Calasept group had 25 strains. Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci (including staphylococci and streptococci) were more prevalent than the Gram-negative obligate anaerobic rods after treatment in all three groups. Similarities in the reduced number of canals with residual growth, and the prevalence of Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci suggest that the use of different inter-appointment dressings produced similar microbiological outcomes. However, factors other than the antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments may also be responsible for the results observed.

title: Identification of cultivable microorganisms from root canals with @entity1546 following two-visit endodontic treatment with antibiotics/ @entity134 or XXXX dressings.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity62365 :: ('MESH:C068579', 'Chemical') :: ['Septomixine']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Models of experimental @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) in @entity1254 knockout animals have shown that @entity1254 mediates protection against the development of @entity5721 . However, the role of @entity1254 in @entity5721 in @entity1 is largely unknown. METHODS: In a total of 234 @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 , baseline circulating total @entity1254 concentration was correlated with @entity5721 after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and with major adverse @entity299 (MACE, @entity204 and cardiac hospitalization) during one year of follow up. @entity5721 was defined by serial electrocardiography (ECG) as >30% persistent ST segment elevation despite successful restoration of vessel patency and by angiography as thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) blush grade<2. RESULTS: @entity5721 was present in 31% of @entity1 according to ECG criteria and in 28% of @entity1 according to angiographic criteria. The median @entity1254 level was 6.8   g/ml in @entity1 with ECG signs of @entity5721 and 6.5   g/ml in @entity1 without ECG signs of IR (p=0.26). When the angiographic criteria of IR were used, the median @entity1254 level was 6.9   g/ml for @entity1 with IR versus 6.3   g/ml for @entity1 without IR (p=0.06). MACE occurred in 27% of the @entity1 . Median @entity1254 levels were similar in @entity1 with MACE and in those without MACE: 6.3 vs. 6.4   g/ml (p=0.24). In a multivariate model, no significant relation between circulating @entity1254 levels and @entity5721 or MACE was evident. CONCLUSION: In the current era of pPCI, @entity5721 still occurs in almost one third of @entity583 @entity1 . Our findings do not support a major protective role of @entity1254 in the prevention or attenuation of @entity5721 in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1254 and @entity63 -reperfusion injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is an @entity792 characterized by the production of autoreactive antibodies against platelet antigens. Although dysfunction of multiple aspects of cellular immunity is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity3039 , it has not been clarified which cell types play a principal role. METHODS: We enrolled 46 untreated @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 and 47 healthy adult volunteers, and investigated by flow cytometry the percentage and absolute number of cells in their peripheral blood that participate in the regulation of cellular immunity. These included plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and Th17 cells. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in the absolute number of pDCs, but not of mDCs, in @entity1 with @entity3039 when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Reduced numbers of circulating pDCs were observed in both @entity1534 ( @entity1534 )-positive and @entity1534 ( @entity1534 )-negative @entity1 with @entity3039 . In contrast, there were no significant differences in the numbers of circulating Treg cells, Th17 cells, NK cells, or NKT cells. Interestingly, we observed increases in the number of pDCs after @entity1534 eradication by antibiotics in responders but not in non-responders, while pDCs and mDCs decreased markedly after prednisolone therapy in both responders and non-responders. In @entity1 without treatment, low pDC numbers persisted during the observational period. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the number of circulating pDCs is low in @entity1 with primary and @entity1534 -associated @entity3039 and that it changes depending on treatment modality. Further investigation is warranted with regard to the role of pDCs in the immunopathogenesis of @entity3039 .

title: Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in XXXX with primary and @entity1534 -associated immune thrombocytopenia.

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intralesional therapies provide an alternative to surgical treatment of @entity545 ( @entity545 ). This study examines the efficacy of intraplaque injections of @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) in the treatment of @entity545 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled in the study with 21 completing the study. The average age of the study @entity1 was 55.8 years, with 10 of the 21 having @entity6 , @entity101 , or both. Seven @entity1 received placebo injections using 10 ml saline biweekly for 6 weeks before interferon therapy, and all 21 @entity1 received biweekly injections of 2 x 10(6) U @entity4020 for 6 weeks before reevaluation. @entity1 were evaluated with duplex Doppler ultrasonography to assess @entity546 and blood flow. RESULTS: The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire was completed by 14 of 21 @entity1 to assess severity of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) before and after treatment. Improvements of 20% or more in @entity546 occurred in 14 (67%) of 21 @entity1 . @entity546 decreased in eight (80%) of 10, and plaque size decreased subjectively in 15 (71%) of 21 @entity1 . The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire showed significant improvement of @entity323 in five (71%) of seven @entity1 with baseline moderate to severe @entity323 . Peak systolic blood flow improved in three (43%) of seven @entity1 with baseline @entity73 , and @entity5501 resolved in three (18%) of 17 individuals. @entity4020 injections led to significant improvements in @entity546 and curvature caused by @entity545 . CONCLUSION: Results of intralesional @entity4020 injections in improving @entity323 are encouraging. The study findings warrant further investigation of the effectiveness of @entity4020 injections for treatment of @entity545 .

title: Intralesional XXXX injections for the treatment of @entity545 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha-2B', 'IFN-alpha-2B']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile pain', 'penile curvature', 'Penile pain']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon-alpha-2B']


abstract: This survey was conducted to determine the association between amount of @entity1760 intake and prevalence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and coronary risk factors in north India. There were 3575 subjects aged 25-64 years including 1769 rural (894 @entity1 , 875 @entity1 ) and 1806 urban (904 @entity1 , 902 @entity1 ) subjects. The survey methods were questionnaires for 7-day food intake record, physical examination and electrocardiography using World Health Organization criteria. The overall prevalence of @entity453 was three-fold greater in urban compared to rural subjects (9.0 vs 3.3 per cent, p < 0.001). The prevalence of @entity453 was significantly higher among subjects consuming lower dietary @entity1760 . Lower @entity1760 status was inversely associated with risk of @entity453 in both rural and urban subjects in both sexes. Among subjects with low @entity1760 status, there was a higher prevalence of @entity101 , @entity1007 and @entity6 showing a significant increasing trend with decrease in @entity1760 status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after pooling of data from rural and urban subjects and after adjustment of age showed that @entity1760 intake had an inverse association with prevalence of @entity453 . Serum @entity1760 (odds ratio: @entity1 1.14, @entity1 1.05), dietary @entity1760 ( @entity1 1.21, @entity1 1.12), serum @entity165 ( @entity1 1.15, @entity1 1.15), blood pressure (1.26 @entity1 , @entity1 1.21), @entity6 ( @entity1 1.20, @entity1 1.18) in both sexes and smoking in @entity1 (1.05) were significant risk factors of @entity453 . Lower consumption of dietary @entity1760 and low serum @entity4612 level in north India have a higher prevalence of @entity453 and of the coronary risk factors @entity101 , @entity1007 and @entity6 . It is possible that increased intake of @entity1760 to about 500 mg/day may be of benefit in the prevention of @entity453 .

title: @entity1760 status and risk of @entity453 in rural and urban populations with variable XXXX consumption.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of the beta-adrenoceptor (betaAR)/adenylyl cyclase (AC) system can impair the response of different cell types, including lymphocytes. In @entity565 , impairment of this system as well as changes in cytokine production by lymphocytes have been described. Because the severity of @entity565 can change over the year, a circannual pattern of the betaAR/AC system activity may also exist. OBJECTIVES: We set out to examine the activity of this betaAR/AC signal transduction system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of @entity56 to asses whether differences existed between seasons. We investigated whether changes were associated with @entity565 severity and circannual changes in serum @entity701 levels. METHODS: During 19 months, 41 @entity56 (mean age 28 years) with nocturnal airway obstruction were enrolled in the study. AC activity was measured by @entity1919 production. Resting, stimulated and potentiated AC activities and their relationships with clinical parameters, seasonal influences and serum @entity701 levels were assessed. RESULTS: The AC activity in resting, stimulated and potentiated cells varied during the year. AC activity was relatively low in the periods June-August and September-November, and higher in December-February and March-May. Receptor-mediated and potentiated responses expressed as percentage of the resting response were equivalent throughout the year. Serum @entity701 levels were positively related to AC activity. No relationships were found between clinical parameters and AC activity or serum @entity701 levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that AC activity in PBMCs of @entity56 shows a seasonal variation. However, seasonal differences in AC activity seems to be unrelated with clinical parameters. Other factors such as serum @entity701 levels may have a modulating influence on AC activity. Future studies of AC systems in blood cells of @entity748 @entity1 need to take into account these seasonal influences.

title: Seasonal variations in @entity1919 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthmatics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Majority of @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) can be cured by first line therapy. The @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the option which can be used in the situation when the conventional therapy failed. METHODS AND RESULTS. Beginning 1994 till 2005 84 pts with @entity978 who did not respond the conventional chemotherapy underwent 105 @entity34 procedures with ASCT. The median age at the time of @entity34 was 30.5 years. The reason for salvage therapy followed by @entity34 with ASCT was the failure to achieve 1st complete remission-- CR (n 16) or the subsequent relapse or progression (n 68). The disease status at the time of @entity34 after conventional salvage chemotherapy was assessed as chemosensitive in 65 pts (77.4%) and chemoresistant in 19 pts (22.6%). The most frequent @entity34 regimen used was BEAM (82 @entity34 ), 22 pts entered into the tandem @entity34 program. Bone marrow only was used as the source of progenitor cells in 4 ASCT, peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) only were used in 85 ASCT and the combination of both in 16 ASCT. The disease status after the @entity34 with ASCT was assessed (77 pts were qualifiable) as CR in 39 pts (50.6%), PR in 31 (40.3%) and as stable disease or progression in 7 pts (9.1%). Treatment related mortality in @entity34 with PBPC was 3.9%. The median follow up is 5.3 years. The five year probability of event free survival (EFS) is 43.1% and overall survival 53.2%. The EFS and @entity3012 probability respectively for the chemosensitive @entity1 was 48.6% and 62.9% respectively. The status at @entity34 and the results after it have prognostic significance. There were observed 39 deaths and 26 of them were caused by disease progression. @entity5 was observed in 5 pts and in all of them it caused the @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity34 with ASCT allows the long-term survival without disease progression in about a half of the @entity1 with reasonable @entity137 .

title: [High dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX : long-term follow-up in @entity1 treated in one center].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary tumor']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", 'HL']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HDT', 'high dose therapy']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: A total of 285 @entity1 with medically inoperable (RTOG Stage T1-2, N0-1) or unresectable (RTOG Stage T3, N0-1) @entity1149 were randomized by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) to receive radiation therapy (6000 cGy total dose/6 weeks) plus @entity7305 (2.5 mg/kg twice weekly for 2 years or until @entity5 progression) or a placebo. One hundred twenty-nine evaluable @entity1 were assigned to placebo and 131 to @entity7305 . This report is based on 260 (91%) eligible @entity1 who started treatment and have adequate follow-up. Fifty percent of the @entity1 in both treatment groups had Karnofsky scores of 90-100; 72% had @entity957 , 12% @entity420 , and 16% large cell @entity189 ; 60% had RTOG Stage I or II primary @entity5 and 40% had Stage III (T3, N0-1) @entity5 . Complete regression of @entity5 was reported in 20% of the @entity1 treated with @entity7305 and 36% of those receiving placebo. An additional 33% and 19%, respectively, had a partial response (trend test p = 0.08). Median survival was 9 months for @entity1 treated with @entity7305 and 12 months for those on placebo (two-sided p less than 0.01); at 2 years, @entity1 treated with @entity7305 had a 15% survival rate as compared to 24% in those receiving placebo. The cumulative proportion failing within the irradiated field with or without other sites of progression at 2 years was 30% in the @entity7305 group and 34% in the placebo @entity1 . Median progression-free survival was 6 months for @entity1 on @entity7305 and 7 months for those on placebo (overall two-sided p = 0.014); the estimated proportions progression-free at 2 years were 11% and 18%, respectively. The study showed no significant prolongation of survival, progression-free survival, or differences in patterns of failure in irradiated @entity1 treated with @entity7305 compared with a placebo. @entity137 related to this immunoadjuvant was, in general, of moderate clinical importance. This study confirms a report by the Southeastern Cancer Study Group concluding that @entity7305 combined with definitive irradiation has no benefit in the treatment of unresectable @entity1149 .

title: Thoracic irradiation with or without @entity7305 (NSC #177023) in unresectable XXXX : a phase III randomized trial of the RTOG.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5630 is a rare cause of @entity548 . The Authors describe a case of a 46 years old @entity1 with @entity5630 that successfully underwent breast surgery after treatment with Novoseven   before the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The AA used the schedule reported below to value the levels of PT and aPTT in the @entity1 . Blood Collection: Venous blood from @entity1 and control was collected in glass tubes for routine serum preparation and into plastic tubes (0.129 M @entity4958 , Becton-Dickinson Vacutainer Systems) in a ratio of blood to anticoagulant of 9:1. Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) was obtained by centrifugation at 4.000 x g for 15 minutes at room temperature. The plasma was recentrifuged for another 10 min at 12000 g to fully eliminate platelet concentration. A normal control plasma pool was prepared by mixing equal volumes of platelet-free plasma obtained from at least 50 normal volunteers. Prothrombin time (PT) was measured with Recombiplastin (IL, Milano Italy). Activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) was measured with APTT-SP (IL, Milano Italy). They were performed on the coagulation analyzer ACL 1000 (IL, Milano Italy). RESULTS: The results were interpreted from the ratio of the @entity1 times to the normal control times (Table I). CONCLUSION: The infusion of Novoseven solved the clotting problems enabling the surgical procedure, without risks for the @entity1 .

title: Successful use of rFVIIa for major breast surgery prophylaxis in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['Factor VII deficiency', 'congenital factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic syndrome']

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['congenital factor VII deficiency']