abstract: Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is essential for chondrocyte proliferation/differentiation and osteoblast differentiation during prenatal endochondral bone formation. Ihh expression in postnatal chondrocytes has a non-redundant role in maintaining a growth plate and sustaining trabecular bone after birth. Loss of Ihh in postnatal chondrocytes results in fusion of the growth plate and a decrease in trabecular bone. In order to normalize this abnormal chondrocyte phenotype and to investigate whether a putative rescue of the growth @entity154 is sufficient to correct the severe alterations in the bone, we expressed a constitutively active @entity21556 (an Ihh downstream target) in the chondrocytes of @entity15137 1-Cre ER; Ihh(dld) @entity19 by mating @entity15137 1-Cre ER; Ihh(fl/fl) @entity19 with @entity15137 alpha 1-constitutively active @entity21556 @entity19 (Jansen, J). @entity15137 alpha 1-Cre ER; Ihh(f/f); J @entity19 were then injected with @entity440 at P0 to generate @entity15137 alpha 1-Cre ER; Ihh(d/d); J @entity19 . In contrast with the previously reported growth plate phenotype of @entity15137 1-Cre ER; Ihh(d/d) @entity19 that displayed ectopic chondrocyte @entity1184 at P7, growth plates of @entity15137 alpha 1-Cre ER; Ihh(d/d); J double mutants were well organized, and exhibited a gene expression pattern similar to the one of control @entity19 . However, expression of osteoblast markers and @entity26735 , a Wnt signaling target, remains decreased in the bone collar of @entity15137 1-Cre ER; Ihh(d/d); J @entity19 when compared to control @entity19 despite the rescue of abnormal chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, proliferation of chondrocytes was still significantly impaired in @entity15137 1-Cre ER; Ihh(d/d); J @entity19 , and this eventually led to the fusion of the growth plate at @entity3843 . In summary, we have demonstrated that expression of a Jansen receptor in chondrocytes was able to rescue abnormal chondrocyte differentiation but not impaired chondrocyte proliferation and the @entity79 in @entity19 lacking the Ihh gene in chondrocytes after birth. Taken together, our findings suggest that Ihh has both @entity25737 -dependent and -independent functions during postnatal endochondral bone development.

title: Partial rescue of postnatal growth plate abnormalities in Ihh mutants by expression of a constitutively active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['plate anomalies']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone anomalies']

answer: @entity21556 :: (19228(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PTH/PTHrP receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With @entity209 ( @entity209 ) being a major risk factor for @entity65 , and @entity1144 being a major predisposing factor for @entity209 , intensive research is currently being performed on cutoff values according to race and sex. Menopause is an especially significant factor in designating cutoff values for female @entity1144 , as menopause brings sudden bodily changes that induce @entity1144 and increased prevalence of @entity209 . Therefore this study aimed to investigate the cutoff values for the @entity28 index and its validity in predicting the criteria for @entity209 in Korean @entity1 according to menstrual status. METHODS: The study focused on 3,103 @entity1 20 years of age or older participating in the 2007 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Definitions of non-adipose components of @entity209 were defined by the International @entity6 Federation, and menstrual status was judged on the basis of survey results. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the @entity1144 index (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) according to menstrual status for two or more non-adipose components of @entity209 were calculated based on the Youden index. RESULTS: Area under the curve (AUC) values predicting the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors were higher in pre-menopausal @entity1 , with AUC values for BMI, WC, and WHtR being, in pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 , 23.1 kg/m(2) vs. 23.9 kg/m(2), 76.1 cm vs. 82.5 cm, and 0.49 vs. 0.53, respectively. The WC cut off (76 cm) for pre-menopausal @entity1 was found to be more sensitive and more effective at screening for @entity209 risks than the cutoff value given by the Korea Society for the Study of @entity28 . CONCLUSION: The @entity1144 index showed better predictability for @entity209 risk in pre-menopausal @entity1 . Because the @entity1144 index cutoff values are lower in pre-menopausal @entity1 , the possibility of metabolic risk can be considered for pre-menopausal @entity1 with WC lower than 85 cm. Assessment and control of other risks are needed accordingly for preventing the development of @entity209 .

title: The cutoff value of waist circumference for predicting metabolic risks in pre- and post-menopausal korean XXXX : analysis of 2010 korean national health and nutrition examination survey data.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: High-grade @entity5 are the leading cause of death from gynecological @entity5 . Unfortunately, no efficient screening method is available for these @entity5 . In this paper we report the results of a pilot study based on the frequency of @entity876 mutations in these @entity5 . Mucus from the cervix of 32 hysterectomy specimens with no grossly visible cervical or serosal involvement were included in this study. @entity876 exons 5-9 mutations were screened for mutations using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Immunostain for @entity876 protein was performed in all fallopian tubes and in a sample from the @entity5 that were identified prospectively. A total of 32 cases including 19 malignant, and 13 benign cases were included. @entity876 immunostain was positive in only 5 cases including 3 high grade @entity5 and 2 @entity1613 (serous tubal intraepithelial lesion or @entity876 signature) in the fallopian tubes. A @entity876 mutation band pattern was detected by SSCP in 2/3 and 2/2 cases respectively. Twenty-seven cases were negative for @entity876 imunostain, 4 of which were positive for @entity876 mutation by SSCP including 3 low-grade @entity5 . The results of this study provide evidence that DNA from precursor lesions of high grade @entity43 can be detected in cervical mucus. Further studies using different markers, in preoperative setting and large scale screening studies will determine the utility of using cervical mucus to screen for gynecological @entity5 .

title: Use of cervical mucus to screen for gynecological XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube and endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) is a severe, progressive disease characterized by the sudden onset of @entity39 . It is frequently associated with systemic involvement and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Standard therapy includes meticulous wound care, fluid replacement, and nutritional support in an intensive care setting. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the outcomes of @entity1 treated in a burn unit for @entity137 over a 9-year period and compared the outcomes of a subset of @entity1 treated with plasmapheresis with those managed by conventional means. METHODS: The records of 16 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity137 obtained from a computerized database were reviewed. Parameters recorded included extent of body surface area involvement and number of mucous membranes involved at admission, complications such as @entity295 or need for mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and disposition. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were included in this study. Ten were treated with conventional support measures alone. Six were treated with plasmapheresis. The average age was 42.4 years; the male/female ratio was 1:2.2. @entity207 / @entity206 was implicated in causation in 6 @entity1 . The average extent of involvement on admission in all @entity1 was 51.5% total body surface area. The average length of stay in all @entity1 was 14.8 days. Eight @entity1 (50%) were discharged home, 4 (25%) were discharged to a rehabilitation facility, and 4 (25%) died (2 of @entity295 , 2 of @entity1167 ). None of the plasmapheresis-treated @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: Plasmapheresis is a safe intervention in extremely ill @entity137 @entity1 and may reduce the mortality in this severe disease. Prospective studies are needed to further define its usefulness.

title: Plasmapheresis as an adjunct treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suppression of the immunoinflammatory cascade by targeting @entity650 ( @entity650 ) mediated effects constitutes a therapeutic option for chronic inflammatory diseases. Tocilizumab is the only @entity650 inhibitor (IL-6i) licensed for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), but also other agents targeting either @entity650 or its receptor are investigated in various indications. OBJECTIVE: To review published evidence on safety and efficacy of IL-6i in inflammatory diseases. METHODS: We performed systematic literature searches in Medline and Cochrane, screened EULAR and American College of Rheumatology meeting-abstracts, and accessed http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS: Comprehensive evidence supports the efficacy of tocilizumab in @entity309 in DMARD-na  ve @entity1 , and after DMARD- and @entity177 . Randomised comparisons demonstrate superiority of tocilizumab in @entity4932 , but not @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). Other indications are currently investigated. Additional IL-6i show similar efficacy; safety generally appears acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6i is effective and safe in @entity309 and @entity4932 , but not in @entity1691 . Preliminary results in other indications need substantiation.

title: Blocking the effects of XXXX in @entity309 and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing a consensus statement.

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['TNFi-failure']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: @entity842 synthase (NOS) plays a major role in a number of key physiological and pathological processes. Knowledge of how this is regulated is important. The small acidic @entity460 binding protein, calmodulin (CaM), is required to fully activate the enzyme. The exact mechanism of how CaM activates NOS is not fully understood. Studies have shown CaM to act like a switch that causes a conformational change in NOS to allow for the transfer of an electron between the reductase and oxygenase domains through a process that is thought to be highly dynamic. To investigate the dynamic properties of CaM-NOS interactions, we determined the solution structure of CaM bound to the inducible NOS (iNOS) and @entity9554 (eNOS) CaM binding region peptides. In addition, we investigated the effect of CaM phosphorylation. @entity669 99 (Y99) of CaM is reported to be phosphorylated in vivo. We have produced a phosphomimetic @entity35075 CaM to investigate the structural and functional effects that the phosphorylation of this residue may have on @entity842 production. All three @entity1 NOS isoforms were included in the investigation. Our results show that a phosphomimetic @entity35075 CaM significantly reduces the maximal synthase activity of eNOS by 40% while having little effect on @entity2821 or iNOS activity. A comparative nuclear magnetic resonance study between phosphomimetic @entity35075 CaM and wild-type CaM bound to the eNOS CaM binding region peptide was performed. This investigation provides important insights into how the increased electronegativity of a phosphorylated CaM protein affects the binding, dynamics, and activation of the NOS enzymes.

title: Structure and dynamics of calmodulin (CaM) bound to XXXX synthase peptides: effects of a phosphomimetic CaM mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial NOS']

entities_list: @entity35075 :: ('p|SUB|Y|99|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y99E']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of @entity378 cases reported in the city of Ribeir  o Preto between 1998 and 2003, according to @entity1 @entity645 status, gender, age bracket and treatment outcome. METHODS: This was a descriptive epidemiological study that employed the Brazilian National Tuberculosis Notification Database as an instrument of data collection. The study sample consisted of all cases of @entity1 @entity778 occurring in residents of Ribeir  o Preto and reported between 1998 and 2003. RESULTS: During this period, 1273 new cases of @entity378 were reported, 377 of which were in @entity645 -positive individuals, for a @entity325 rate of 30%. Of the cases of @entity325 , 76% were in @entity1 , and the majority occurred in individuals in the 20-59 age bracket. In terms of treatment outcome, cure was achieved in 52%, treatment abandonment was reported in 11%, and @entity204 occurred in 32%. The predominant clinical form of @entity378 was the pulmonary form, which accounted for 58% of the cases. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of @entity325 was observed in the community studied. The treatment outcomes seen among the cases in our study sample underscore the need to adopt special strategies to monitor this clientele. Comparing the cases of @entity378 in isolation with the cases of @entity325 , no gender-related or age-related differences were observed.

title: Epidemiological aspects of @entity1 XXXX in Ribeir  o Preto, Brazil from 1998 to 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis co-infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis co-infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Embolic events to the central nervous system are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity884 ( @entity884 ). The appropriate role of valvular surgery in reducing such embolic events is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the temporal incidence of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity884 and to determine if this time course differs from that shown for embolic events in previous studies. METHODS: Prospective incidence cohort study involving 61 tertiary referral centers in 28 countries. Case report forms were analyzed from 1437 consecutive @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 admitted directly to participating centers. RESULTS: The crude incidence of @entity64 in @entity1 receiving appropriate antimicrobial therapy was 4.82/1000 @entity1 days in the first week of therapy and fell to 1.71/1000 @entity1 days in the second week. This rate continued to decline with further therapy. @entity64 rates fell similarly regardless of the valve or organism involved. After 1 week of antimicrobial therapy, only 3.1% of the cohort experienced a @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity64 in @entity884 falls dramatically after the initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. The falling risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity884 as a whole precludes @entity64 prevention as the sole indication for valvular surgery after 1 week of therapy.

title: The relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the incidence of @entity64 in XXXX : an analysis from the ICE Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that @entity1 's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non-smoking attitudes and promote non-smoking by @entity1 and other family members. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane @entity286 Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free-text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate websites, and we hand-searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in July 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of interventions with @entity1 (aged 5-12) or adolescents (aged 13-18) and family members to deter the use of @entity286 . The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of @entity1 who reported no use of @entity286 at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta-analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 19 @entity23 of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified five @entity23 in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); nine in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and five in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study). Considering the fourteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five @entity23 that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the six that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family @entity286 intervention against a family non- @entity286 safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the one trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention (there was no @entity286 intervention but @entity286 outcomes were measured). For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Some well-executed @entity23 show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but @entity23 which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well-designed and executed @entity23 in this area.

title: Family-based programmes for preventing smoking by XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical value of protoparaxotril saporlirs (PTS) combined with @entity117 in the secondary prevention of @entity385 . METHODS: The 140 @entity1 with @entity385 were collected, among them the 120 @entity1 during recovery stage were equally assigned to three groups by randomized, single blinded and open controlled principle, and they were treated respectively by PTS (A), @entity117 (B), and PTS plus @entity117 (C) for 6 months. The other 20, who couldn't or were unwilling to use @entity117 , were arranged in group D for control. The @entity1423 rate, incidence of @entity64 recurrence, gastrointestinal adverse reaction and the NIHSS scores of @entity1 were observed during the six-month period of treatment. RESULTS: As compared with group D, the lowering amplitude of @entity1423 rate after treatment in the three treatment groups were significantly higher (P < 0.01). Comparison of @entity1423 rate between group A and B showed significant difference after 3-month treatment (P < 0.05), but the difference became insignificant after 6-month treatment (P > 0.05). The incidence of @entity64 recurrence in the group A, B and C was 18.9%, 13.2% and 10.8% respectively, which showed no significant difference among them, but all were significantly lower than that in the group D (44.4%, P < 0.05). NIHSS scores in group A and C were significantly lower than in group B (P < 0.01); and the occurrence of gastrointestinal reaction was significantly lower in group A (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Long-term application of PTS has the effects for preventing @entity64 recurrence, lowering gastrointestinal adverse reaction and improving @entity1 ' neural function in @entity1 with @entity64 . As used in combination with @entity117 , it shows potential practical importance in the clinical secondary prevention of @entity64 .

title: [Clinical value of protoparaxotril saporlirs combined with XXXX in the secondary prevention of @entity385 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The object of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a water-soluble contrast follow-through study for differentiating complete from incomplete @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and for predicting the need for surgery. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at Riyadh Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia and spanned 2 years. All adult @entity1 admitted with @entity1744 were included, except those with obstructed @entity547 , @entity298 , or postabdominal irradiation. The initial resuscitation @entity3989 ( @entity3989 ) follow-though was performed and was considered positive for complete obstruction if the contrast failed to reach the colon as shown on the 24-hour film. @entity1 were operated on only if they developed signs of strangulation or failed to improve within 48 hours. RESULTS: Our study group consisted of 73 @entity1 , 48 (65.7%) of whom were male. The mean age was 35.70+/-12.65 years. In 60 (82.2%) @entity1 , contrast reached the ascending colon within 24 hours, giving a definitive diagnosis of @entity3885 ; among these 60 cases, 49 (81.7%) resolved on conservative management. The other 13 (17.8%) @entity1 were diagnosed as having a complete obstruction; 4 (30.8%) of them were treated conservatively, and 9 (69.2%) underwent surgery. Therefore the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for @entity3989 follow-through as an indicator for operative treatment of @entity1744 were 45.0, 92.5, 81.7, and 69.2, respectively. The P value using Fisher's exact test was 0.0006. CONCLUSIONS: We can confidently diagnose complete and incomplete @entity1744 and differentiate one from the other. This accurate diagnosis indicates a high chance of success with conservative management for @entity3885 but does not always correlate with the need for surgical intervention.

title: Value of water-soluble contrast ( XXXX ) in the diagnosis and management of @entity1744 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine amidotrizoate', 'Gastrografin']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity3989 :: (MESH:D003974,Chemical) :: ['meglumine amidotrizoate']


abstract: The study aimed to characterize neuropsychiatric symptomatology in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and investigate the role of @entity2204 genotype and other clinical variables in the onset of @entity146 . Moreover, an attempt to study the evolution of behavioral and @entity146 symptoms was made. Fifty-three consecutive outpatients with @entity195 were enrolled. Twenty-four were followed longitudinally for 1 year. MMSE was used to evaluate cognitive functions. The neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) was administered to assess behavioral and @entity146 symptoms. Genotyping was determined through laboratory testing. At baseline, no specific @entity146 was significantly associated with @entity2204 genotype, but associated with a peculiar neuropsychiatric profile. @entity1 with epsilon(4) allele showed a wider range of @entity146 when compared to non-carriers and higher scores for @entity1833 and aberrant motor behaviors. The longitudinal results suggest different trends in both groups: over time, epsilon(4) carriers showed an increase/delayed onset in some symptoms and a parallel decrease in others, while non-carriers presented an undifferentiated worsening of symptomatology. Clear relations with other clinical and demographic variables were also found. @entity2204 epsilon(4) allele is associated to a peculiar neuropsychiatric profile characterizing the onset and evolution of @entity195 .

title: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the XXXX genotype in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric disorders', 'neuropsychiatric disturbances', 'neuropsychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: PURPOSE: The transformed RGC-5 retinal @entity4494 cell line is used widely in @entity726 research. Increased resistance to @entity2227 was noted in published literature and led to the recharacterization of the RGC-5 cell line. METHODS: Characterization of the RGC-5 cell line was performed by sequencing of a region of the nuclear @entity3512 gene and mitochondrial DNA sequencing of a region of the d-loop and tRNA( @entity815 ) gene. Marker expression was examined in undifferentiated cells, and cells differentiated with 50 microg/mL succinyl concanavalin A (S Con A) for 3 days. @entity2227 sensitivity was examined in undifferentiated and S Con A differentiated cells by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay after 24-hours of @entity2227 treatment. RESULTS: RGC-5 cells were found to be of @entity19 ( @entity19 ), not @entity35 ( @entity35 ), origin by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses. RGC-5 DNA sequenced in a second laboratory was subsequently found to be of @entity19 origin. Cells stained positively for the neuronal markers beta-tubulin and @entity10500 and for the @entity32328 , but not for known markers of @entity4494 cells such as neurofilaments or @entity3512 , suggesting that they likely represented a lineage of @entity19 neuronal precursor cells. Differentiation with S Con A did not increase RGC-5 sensitivity to @entity2227 excitotoxicity or increase the expression of retinal or @entity4494 cell marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Investigators using cells designated as RGC-5 should confirm the species to be of @entity35 origin and retinal-specific marker expression before considering their use as retinal @entity4494 -like cells.

title: Recharacterization of the RGC-5 retinal XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'M. musculus', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity32328 :: ('17762(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['ganglion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to confirm our hypothesis that the @entity1 sinoatrial node (SAN) is functionally insulated from the surrounding @entity955 except for several exit pathways that electrically bridge the nodal tissue and @entity955 . BACKGROUND: The site of origin and pattern of excitation within the @entity1 SAN has not been directly mapped. METHODS: The SAN was optically mapped in coronary-perfused preparations from nonfailing @entity1 hearts (n = 4, age 54    15 years) using the dye @entity26499 and @entity12602 . The SAN 3-dimensional structure was reconstructed using histology. RESULTS: Optical recordings from the SAN had diastolic depolarization and multiple upstroke components, which corresponded to the separate excitations of the SAN and @entity955 . Excitation originated in the middle of the SAN (66    17 beats/min), and then spread slowly (1 to 18 cm/s) and anisotropically. After a 82    17 ms conduction delay within the SAN, the @entity955 was excited via superior, middle, and/or inferior sinoatrial conduction pathways. Atrial excitation was initiated 9.4    4.2 mm from the leading pacemaker site. The oval 14.3    1.5 mm   6.7    1.6 mm   1.0    0.2 mm SAN structure was functionally insulated from the atrium by connective tissue, fat, and coronary arteries, except for these pathways. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, the location of the leading SAN pacemaker site, the pattern of excitation within the @entity1 SAN, and the conduction pathways into the right atrium. The existence of these pathways explains why, even during normal sinus rhythm, atrial breakthroughs could arise from a region parallel to the crista terminalis that is significantly larger (26.1    7.9 mm) than the area of the anatomically defined SAN.

title: Optical mapping of the isolated coronary-perfused XXXX sinus node.

entities_list: @entity12602 :: ('MESH:C472645', 'Chemical') :: ['blebbistatin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocardium', 'atrial layers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital readmissions are important @entity1 outcomes that can be accurately captured with routinely collected administrative data. Hospital-specific readmission rates have been reported as a quality-of-care indicator. However, the extent to which these measures vary with different calculation methods is uncertain. METHODS: We identified all discharges from Ontario hospitals from 2005 to 2010 and determined whether @entity1 died or were urgently readmitted within 30 days. For each hospital, we calculated 4 distinct observed-to-expected ratios, estimating the expected number of events using different adjustments for confounders (age and sex v. complete) and different units of analysis (all admissions v. single admission per @entity1 ). RESULTS: We included 3 148 648 admissions to hospital for 1 802 704 @entity1 in 162 hospitals. Ratios adjusted for age and sex alone had the greatest variation. Within hospitals, ranges of the 4 ratios averaged 31% of the overall estimate. Readmission ratios adjusted for age and sex showed the lowest correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.48-0.68). Hospital rankings based on the different measures had an average range of 47.4 (standard deviation 32.2) out of 162. INTERPRETATION: We found notable variation in rates of @entity204 or urgent readmission within 30 days based on the extent of adjustment for confounders and the unit of analysis. Slight changes in the methods used to calculate hospital-specific readmission rates influence their values and the consequent rankings of hospitals. Our results highlight the caution required when comparing hospital performance using rates of @entity204 or urgent readmission within 30 days.

title: Comparing methods to calculate hospital-specific rates of early XXXX or urgent readmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity51 between lower limbs during @entity2587 movements are thought to increase the risk of injury and compromise performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of @entity51 during running in noninjured and previously injured @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) players. The players included a group of noninjured @entity10479 players (n = 11) and a group of previously injured @entity10479 players (n = 11; @entity130 only). The players in the injured group (IG) had at least 1 acute @entity130 in the previous 2 years. The legs of the noninjured players (NIG) were classified as right and left, whereas the legs of the injured players were classified as injured or noninjured. The players ran on a nonmotorized force treadmill at approximately 80% of their maximum velocity (Vmax). For the NIG, there were no significant differences between right and left legs for any of the variables. For the IG, the only variable that was significantly (p < 0.001) different between the injured and noninjured leg was horizontal force (175 +/- 30 vs. 326 +/- 44 N). Furthermore, horizontal force was significantly greater in the noninjured leg (IG) in comparison with either legs in the NIG (19.2% and 20.5%) and significantly less in the injured leg (IG) in comparison with either legs of the NIG (31.5% and 32.7%). In the present study, athletes with previous @entity130 had contralateral @entity51 in horizontal but not vertical force during running at submaximal velocities.

title: XXXX in kinetic and kinematic variables during running in Australian rules football players with previous @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['leg deficits', 'Contralateral leg deficits']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'Australian Rules football']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hamstring injuries', 'hamstring injury']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['Contralateral leg deficits']


abstract: To clarify whether or not @entity5721 occurs in the @entity432 of a coronary artery, we analyzed quantitatively contraction band @entity39 as an indicator of early recanalization, coagulation @entity39 , @entity1188 size and measured regional blood flow in @entity235 hearts with collateral circulation. Fifty mongrel @entity235 were divided into four groups: 15 @entity235 with a 24-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery just distal to the first diagonal branch ( @entity432 group): 15 @entity235 a with 3-hour occlusion followed by 24-hour recanalization (recanalization group); 10 @entity235 with a 2-hour occlusion without recanalization (transient occlusion group); 10 @entity235 with a 4-hour occlusion without recanalization (transient occlusion group). The regional blood flow in the subepicardium and subendocardium determined by the generated @entity3884 gas clearance method was greatly decreased 30 minutes after occlusion (14 + 8%/12 +/- 9%) and was relatively restored from 180 minutes (31 +/- 21%/21 +/- 14%) to 24 hours later (41 + 19%/26 + 16%) in spite of complete occlusion of the coronary artery. The percentage @entity1188 area in the risk area was significantly greater in the @entity432 group (60 +/- 26%) than in the recanalization group (35 +/- 31%). Although most of the @entity1188 was occupied by contraction band @entity39 in the recanalization group (86 +/- 12%), contraction band @entity39 was diffusely seen even in the @entity432 group (54 +/- 27%). In both the permanent and recanalization groups, contraction band @entity39 was the main histological feature of small @entity1188 occupying less than 30% of the risk area, while coagulation @entity39 was the main feature in very large @entity1188 occupying more than 80% of the risk area. In the occlusion groups without recanalization, the percentage area of contraction band @entity39 in the risk area was 6 +/- 8% after the 2-hour occlusion, 23 +/- 17% after the 4-hour occlusion and 31 +/- 21% after @entity432 ; the difference between the 4-hour and @entity432 groups was not significant. In the @entity432 group, the percentage @entity1188 area in the risk area was inversely correlated with regional blood flow during occlusion, an indicator of collateral flow. It was concluded that @entity5721 occurs even in hearts without recanalization. The pathogenesis may involve reperfusion in the risk area via collateral circulation. Protection against @entity5721 is important to minimize the @entity1188 size even in hearts with @entity432 , although the presence of collateral flow is an important factor in limiting @entity1188 size.

title: Reperfusion injury in @entity235 hearts with XXXX of a coronary artery, probably due to reperfusion via collateral vessels.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['permanent occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['permanent occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown a higher risk of @entity260 in @entity6 @entity1 . An increased intraperitoneal @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio as measured by microdialysis has been reported before @entity260 have been discovered. It is not known whether @entity6 or @entity28 have any influence on the intraperitoneal metabolism ( @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, @entity413 , @entity653 ) in relation to major abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative intraperitoneal and subcutaneous @entity1735 and fat metabolism as measured by microdialysis in @entity28 and @entity6 @entity1 after major abdominal surgery without @entity260 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index > 30 kg/m(2)) and six @entity6 @entity1 were studied up to 48 h after major abdominal surgery and were compared with 31 non- @entity6 , non- @entity28 @entity1 , all without complications. Microdialysis was performed to measure @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity653 intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio was calculated. RESULTS: The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio did not differ between the groups. In the @entity6 @entity1 , @entity413 levels were higher intraperitoneally at both Days 1 and 2 compared to controls. Higher @entity653 levels were found subcutaneously in @entity28 @entity1 at Day 2. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio does not increase intraperitoneally after non-complicated major abdominal surgery in @entity6 @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 have increased release of free @entity1718 and @entity653 subcutaneously, while @entity6 @entity1 show higher @entity413 levels intraperitoneally than controls.

title: Complications but not @entity28 or XXXX have impact on the intraperitoneal @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio measured by microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic and obese', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic but non-obese']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'Obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Enteric immunization with schistosome ova results in a diminished granulomatous response. This study explored a mechanism by which enteric immunization may decrease @entity738 size. @entity738 from livers of acutely infected @entity19 were dissociated and the dispersed cells were depleted of macrophages. As defined by a direct in vitro migration inhibition factor ( @entity20181 ) assay, the macrophage-depleted cells, composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils, inhibited the migration of normal peritoneal exudate cells when exposed to soluble egg antigens. Anti- @entity3512 or - @entity6689 .1, but not - @entity3414 .1, treatment of these cells abrogated @entity20181 activity. Next, @entity19 were exposed enterically to eggs 4 weeks prior to sacrifice. Cells from @entity738 isolated from these animals demonstrated no @entity20181 activity unless treated with anti- @entity3414 .1. When @entity738 cells from enterically immunized @entity19 were mixed with those from unimmunized animals, @entity20181 activity by the latter was abrogated. Treatment of cells from immunized mice with anti- @entity3414 .1 or - @entity3512 , but not - @entity6689 .1 prior to mixing once again permitted @entity20181 activity. These results suggest that the diminished granulomatous response induced by enteric immunization could be mediated by @entity3414 + suppressor T cells. These suppressor cells may regulate the @entity20181 activity of @entity6689 + T lymphocytes residing within these lesions.

title: Modulation of granulomatous inflammation in @entity19 schistosomiasis mansoni by enteric exposure to schistosome ova: in vitro characterization of a regulatory mechanism within the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: Preparation and incubation of renal cortical slices from adult, female, New Zealand white @entity95 depleted tissue @entity1792 concentration. @entity598 (10.0 mM) in the incubation significantly increased slice @entity1792 concentration and @entity10945 ( @entity2556 ) accumulation. Physiological concentrations of @entity1792 increased @entity2556 accumulation and final medium pH. increasing concentrations of @entity1792 produced a biphasic effect on @entity2556 accumulation. These data suggested that @entity1792 may act as an intracellular modulator of organic anion transport. This hypothesis was tested with other stimulators of @entity2556 accumulation. Physiological concentrations of @entity15706 or @entity4588 increased slice accumulation of @entity2556 . Higher concentrations of either substrate significantly inhibited @entity2556 accumulation. Final medium pH increased with increased medium concentration of both substrates. @entity15706 (0.5 mM) increased @entity2556 accumulation but had no effect on slice @entity1792 concentration. @entity413 did not alter either @entity2556 accumulation or slice @entity1792 concentration. Slices incubated without substrate were depleted of @entity1792 but not of @entity15706 . @entity598 (1.0 mM) significantly increased slice concentration of both @entity15706 and @entity1792 . These data suggested that organic anion transport could be modulated by several metabolic intermediates acting through similar but separate mechanisms.

title: Investigations on metabolic modulation of XXXX accumulation by @entity95 renal cortical slices.

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate', 'alpha-Ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity10945 :: (MESH:D010130,Chemical) :: ['p-aminohippurate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is a common acquired @entity3459 . Even though most @entity1 recover, either spontaneously or with therapy, 10-20% of newly diagnosed @entity3039 cases have a chronic course beyond 12 months. This study evaluated whether clinical and laboratory findings can predict the response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and progression to persistent or chronic @entity3039 in @entity1 . METHODS: During the period between March 2003 and June 2015, we retrospectively analyzed 72 @entity1 , newly diagnosed with @entity3039 , who received IVIG treatment. Peripheral blood counts were obtained at diagnosis and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after IVIG treatment. RESULTS: After 6 months of IVIG treatment, 14 of 72 @entity1 (19.4%) had persistent @entity3039 , and after 12 months, 7 of 40 @entity1 (17.5%) had chronic @entity3039 . Age at diagnosis, gender, history of @entity1800 , or vaccination before disease onset were not statistically correlated with platelet recovery at 6 and 12 months. However, a platelet count recovery of >= 100*10(3)/  @entity32357 months was significantly correlated with platelet recovery at 6 (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and 12 (P=0.007 and P=0.004, respectively) months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that early platelet count recovery, at 1 and 3 months after IVIG treatment, predicts a @entity66 duration and a favorable outcome in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3039 . Further investigation in a larger group of @entity1 is warranted to validate these findings.

title: Platelet count recovery after intravenous immunoglobulin predicts a favorable outcome in XXXX with immune thrombocytopenia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['short disease']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1596 is an @entity32 affecting various eye segments. This disease is characterized by a high level of @entity842 production. It is estimated via the quantification of its end products: @entity2648 and @entity3362 . In a previous study, we showed the cytotoxic effect of these molecules on @entity291 retina in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of these two molecules on cultured ocular explants in vitro. METHODS: After clinical examination, healthy @entity291 eyes were obtained immediately after enucleation and were transported to the laboratory at +4 degrees C. After dissection, ocular explants from anterior and posterior segments were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% of FBS, 2mM @entity1160 , 100UI @entity114 , and 100UI/ml streptomycin. Cultures were treated with either @entity2648 or @entity3362 at different concentrations (300-500 microM). After culture incubation (24-48h), ocular explants were fixed in buffered @entity406 and the histological study was performed. RESULTS: All structures showed structural alterations in relation with culture duration and molecule concentrations. The different structures showed different degrees of sensitivity depending on the type and concentration of the metabolite used. Sclerotic analysis showed very little response to the two molecules, whereas the @entity267 and ciliary process epithelia showed the highest sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a cytotoxic effect of @entity2648 and @entity3362 on ocular structures in vitro. This effect was correlated with molecule concentration and duration of exposure. The structural alterations observed suggest that @entity842 , via its products, is implicated in the ocular lesions observed during @entity1596 .

title: [Deleterious effects of stable @entity842 derivatives, a @entity1596 inflammatory marker, on cultured XXXX ocular layers].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Normal gut motility relies on the complex interaction between the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) and the enteric nerve networks. @entity32 of the gastrointestinal tract adversely affects both @entity8302 . We aimed to determine the distribution of @entity15859 and nerve networks in @entity1 with @entity698 . METHODS: Specimens from controls and @entity1 with @entity698 were examined with immunohistochemistry ( @entity2467 for ICC, beta III tubulin [Tuj-1] and neuronal @entity842 synthase [histochemical diaphorase] for nitrergic neurons) and electron microscopy (EM). Data were quantified using image analysis. RESULTS: We found a profound decrease in @entity2467 immunoreactivity ( @entity2467 IR) in the advanced inflammatory stages of @entity698 , which correlated with the severity of @entity32 . Electron microscopy confirmed ultrastructural @entity130 and nerve fiber networks during acute @entity32 . After the @entity32 resolved, @entity2466 displayed a recovery in ICC @entity2467 IR to control levels and normal ultrastructure. The neuronal network also displayed ultrastructural recovery; however, neuronal @entity842 synthase activity did not recover. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity32 results in significant @entity16 and ICC networks in @entity698 . The loss of @entity2467 IR is likely due to impaired ICC cytophysiology because ICC was still present under EM. After resolution of acute @entity32 , ICC recovers their normal ultrastructure and @entity2467 IR.

title: Interstitial cell of Cajal loss correlates with the degree of @entity32 in the @entity1 appendix and reverses after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['interval appendices']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ultrastructural damage of nerves']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ICC and enteric nerves']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in both ICC']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: For 318 @entity1 in 8 different Belgian hospitals, the entire skin-dose distribution was mapped using a grid of 70 thermoluminescence dosimeters per @entity1 , allowing an accurate determination of the @entity272 ( @entity272 ). Dose-area product (DAP) values, exposure parameters and geometry, together with procedure, @entity1 and cardiologist characteristics, were also registered. Procedures were divided into two groups: diagnostic procedures (coronary angiography) and therapeutic procedures (dilatation, stent, combined procedures (e.g. coronary angiography + dilatation + stent)). The mean value of the @entity272 was 0.310 Gy for diagnostic and 0.699 Gy for therapeutic procedures. The most critical projection for receiving the @entity272 is the LAO90 (left anterior oblique) geometry. In 3% of cases, the @entity272 exceeded the 2 Gy dose threshold for deterministic effects. Action levels in terms of DAP values as the basis for a strategy for follow-up of @entity1 for deterministic radiation skin effects were derived from measured @entity272 and cumulative DAP values. Two DAP action levels are proposed. A first DAP action level of 125 Gy cm(2) corresponding to the dose threshold of 2 Gy would imply an optional radiopathological follow-up depending on the cardiologist's decision. A second DAP action level of 250 Gy cm(2) corresponding to the 3 Gy skin dose would imply a systematic follow-up. Dose reference levels - 71.3 Gy cm(2) for diagnostic and 106.0 Gy cm(2) for therapeutic procedures - were derived from the 75 percentile of the DAP distributions. As a conclusion, we propose that total @entity6136 is registered in @entity1 's record file, as it can serve to improve the follow-up of @entity1 for radiation-induced @entity272 .

title: A large-scale multicentre study of XXXX skin doses in interventional cardiology: dose-area product action levels and dose reference levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MSD', 'skin injuries', 'maximum skin dose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given recent strongly positive randomized controlled adult mechanical thrombectomy trials, we sought to perform a comprehensive review of available literature on IA pediatric @entity64 intervention, with a focus on modern mechanical devices. METHODS: PubMed search for pediatric @entity1 undergoing IA treatment of acute @entity385 (AIS) using modern devices between 2008 and 2015. 29 @entity1 were included in this analysis. RESULTS: Average age was 10.3   years, 74.1% male, middle cerebral and basilar arteries represented 89.6% of 36 occluded vessels, and average pediatric @entity64 scale score of 18.1. Average time from symptom onset to intervention was 8.8   hours and 13.8% of @entity1 received IV tissue plasminogen activator prior to mechanical thrombectomy. Stent retrievers were used in 58.6% of cases, the @entity8907 system in 34.5%, and the Merci device in 27.6%. Modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b/3 recanalization was achieved in 75.9% of cases. There were no major adverse events related to the intervention, although one procedure was associated with @entity1652 without a definite change in long-term outcome. The average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was <1 (0.86) at the longest available follow-up period, based on clinical description or provided mRS score. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric @entity1 presenting with high pediatric NIH @entity64 Scale scores and proximal large vessel occlusion is associated with high recanalization rates and excellent clinical outcome, although this is a retrospective review and the sample size is too small to make any definitive conclusions. This study provides class IVC evidence that endovascular treatment of pediatric AIS increases the chance of a good clinical outcome.

title: Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute XXXX : review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['device malfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the research on serum @entity5 markers in the early diagnosis of @entity5 has aroused widespread concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic values of serum @entity5 markers cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), @entity957 antigen (SCCAg), ferritin, @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and a-fetoprotein (AFP) for @entity1 with @entity957 (OSCC/OPSCC). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine cases of @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC as the experimental group, 86 cases of oral @entity5 @entity1 as the control group, and 30 cases of healthy @entity1 as the normal control group were studied. The levels of serum Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, @entity787 , CA19-9, and AFP were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS: The levels of serum Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, and @entity787 in @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC were significantly higher than those of @entity5 and healthy control group (P<0.05). The levels of CA19-9 and AFP showed no significant difference between @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC, @entity5 , and healthy group (P>0.05). The level of serum Cyfra21-1 in @entity1 with early OSCC/OPSCC (stage I + II) was significantly higher than that of @entity5 and healthy control group (P<0.05). However, the levels of serum SCCAg, ferritin, @entity787 , CA19-9, and AFP showed no significant difference between @entity1 with early OSCC/OPSCC, @entity5 , and healthy control group (P>0.05). The levels of serum Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, and @entity787 in the middle-late stage of @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC (stage III + IV) were significantly higher than those of @entity1 with the early OSCC/OPSCC, @entity5 , and healthy control group (P<0.05). The diagnostic cutoff levels of Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, and @entity787 were 2.17, 0.72, 109.95, and 1.99 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivities were 60.36%, 73.37%, 81.66%, and 66.27%, respectively. The specificities were 81.03%, 68.10%, 40.52%, and 61.21%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, and @entity787 had diagnostic values for @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC. Meanwhile, Cyfra21-1 had better early diagnostic value for @entity1 with OSCC/OPSCC.

title: Diagnostic values of serum @entity5 markers Cyfra21-1, SCCAg, ferritin, @entity787 , CA19-9, and AFP in oral/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'oral/oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The ribosomal proteins (RPs) form the majority of cellular proteins and are mandatory for cellular growth. @entity6391 genes have been linked, either directly or indirectly, to various diseases in @entity1 . Mutations in @entity6391 genes are also associated with tissue-specific phenotypes, suggesting a possible role in organ development during early embryogenesis. However, it is not yet known how mutations in a particular @entity6391 gene result in specific cellular changes, or how @entity6391 genes might contribute to @entity1 diseases. The development of animal models with defects in @entity6391 genes will be essential for studying these questions. In this study, we knocked down 21 @entity6391 genes in @entity3392 by using morpholino antisense oligos to inhibit their translation. Of these 21, knockdown of 19 RPs resulted in the development of morphants with @entity85 . Although mutations in @entity6391 genes, like other housekeeping genes, would be expected to result in nonspecific @entity245 with widespread phenotypes, we found that knockdown of some @entity6391 genes resulted in phenotypes specific to each gene, with varying degrees of @entity75 , body trunk, eyes, and ears at about 25 hours post fertilization. We focused further on the organogenesis of the brain. Each knocked-down gene that affected the morphogenesis of the brain produced a different pattern of abnormality. Among the 7 @entity6391 genes whose knockdown produced severe brain phenotypes, 3 @entity1 orthologs are located within chromosomal regions that have been linked to brain-associated diseases, suggesting a possible involvement of @entity6391 genes in brain or @entity16 . The @entity6391 gene knockdown system developed in this study could be a powerful tool for studying the roles of ribosomes in @entity1 diseases.

title: Ribosomal protein gene knockdown causes @entity245 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality in the brain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['obvious deformities']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: We treated 15 @entity1 who had chronic @entity1069 refractory to @entity206 - @entity207 and/or @entity7911 with 400 mg. @entity4258 twice daily for 28 days. All pathogens were susceptible to @entity4258 and absent in prostatic fluid cultures obtained during therapy. One @entity1 had negative post-therapy prostatic fluid cultures but was lost to followup at 1 month. Of the 14 @entity1 followed for at least 6 months 9 (64%) were cured of the original infection, including 6 who have remained uninfected and have had negative prostatic secretion and urine cultures for at least 2 years (1), 1 year (2) or 6 months (3). In 3 @entity1 @entity293 recurred with new pathogens at 6, 560 and 820 days after post-therapy negative prostatic fluid cultures. @entity1069 with the original pathogen recurred in 5 @entity1 within 2 months of completing therapy. The bacteria remained susceptible to @entity4258 but could not be eradicated with 30 to 90 days of additional @entity4258 therapy. Cures were achieved in 9 of 12 @entity1 with @entity526 , none of 2 with @entity1069 and 3 of 5 with prostatic calculi. No @entity1 experienced significant adverse effects. The data suggest that @entity4258 is effective and safe for the treatment of refractory chronic @entity1069 .

title: The efficacy of @entity4258 in the treatment of chronic @entity1069 refractory to XXXX - @entity207 and/or @entity7911 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial prostatitis', 'bacterial prostatitis', 'Pseudomonas prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: Changes in limbic brain activity in response to novel configurations of visual stimuli were assessed by quantifying two immediate-early genes, @entity5019 and @entity11970 . @entity35 were first trained to use distal, visual cues to support radial-arm maze performance. Two separate sets of visual cues were used, one in the morning ( @entity16351 ) and the other in the afternoon (Set B). On the final day the experimental group was tested with a novel configuration created by combining four of the eight visual cues from @entity16351 with four of the eight visual cues from Set B. Although each individual cue was in a familiar location, the combination of cues was novel. Comparisons with a control group revealed discrete decreases in @entity5019 centred in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. The hippocampal @entity5019 findings produced a dissociation with the perirhinal cortex, where no change was observed. Other regions seemingly unaffected by the novel stimulus configuration included the postrhinal, entorhinal and parietal cortices. @entity11970 levels in the experimental group increased in the anterior ventral thalamic nucleus. Although previous studies have shown how the @entity35 hippocampus is involved in responding to the spatial rearrangement of visual stimuli, the present study examined temporal rearrangement. The selective immediate-early gene changes in the hippocampus and two closely related sites (retrosplenial cortex and anterior ventral thalamic nucleus) when processing the new stimulus configuration support the notion that the hippocampus is important for learning the 'relational' or 'structural' features of arrays of elements, be they spatial or temporal.

title: Novel temporal configurations of stimuli produce discrete changes in immediate-early gene expression in the XXXX hippocampus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Surface-functionalized mesoporous @entity3440 nanoparticles (MSNP) can be used as an efficient and safe carrier for bioactive molecules. In order to make the MSNP a more efficient delivery system, we modified the surface of the particles by a functional group that enhances cellular uptake and allows nucleic acid delivery in addition to traditional drug delivery. Noncovalent attachment of @entity10849 ( @entity8681 ) polymers to the surface not only increases MSNP cellular uptake but also generates a cationic surface to which DNA and siRNA constructs could be attached. While efficient for intracellular delivery of these nucleic acids, the 25 kD @entity8681 polymer unfortunately changes the safety profile of the MSNP that is otherwise very safe. By experimenting with several different polymer molecular weights, it was possible to retain high cellular uptake and transfection efficiency while reducing or even eliminating cationic MSNP @entity137 . The particles coated with the 10 kD @entity8681 polymer were particularly efficient for transducing HEPA-1 cells with a siRNA construct that was capable of knocking down GFP expression. Similarly, transfection of a GFP plasmid induced effective expression of the fluorescent protein in >70% cells in the population. These outcomes were quantitatively assessed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. We also demonstrated that the enhanced cellular uptake of the nontoxic cationic MSNP enhances the delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer drug, @entity1311 , to @entity788 cells. In summary, we demonstrate that, by a careful selection of @entity8681 size, it is possible to construct cationic MSNP that are capable of @entity377 and enhanced drug delivery with minimal or no @entity137 . This novel use of a cationic MSNP extends its therapeutic use potential.

title: @entity10849 coating enhances the cellular uptake of mesoporous XXXX nanoparticles and allows safe delivery of siRNA and DNA constructs.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10849 :: ('MESH:D011094|MESH:C505405', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneimine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity697 is a common surgical emergency. The presence of an inflamed appendix in an incisional @entity547 is rare. Incisional @entity547 complicate both open and laparoscopic surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe two unique cases of @entity697 within @entity547 following an open cholecystectomy and a diagnostic laparoscopy. @entity697 was diagnosed intraoperatively and a formal appendicectomy was performed with subsequent primary repair of the @entity154 in each case. DISCUSSION: The method chosen for primary repair of an incisional @entity547 containing an acutely inflamed appendix depends on a number of factors including size of @entity154 and degree of contamination. Closure of 5mm port sites is not routine in current surgical practice. Herniation of intra-abdominal contents through such defects can occur rarely. The repair of an incisional @entity547 using mesh in a contaminated surgical field is controversial. There may be advantages in the use of biological meshes. CONCLUSION: Surgical awareness of potential complications relating to the management of incisional @entity698 is of primary importance in determining intraoperative strategy.

title: Incisional XXXX : A report of two unique cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernial defect']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['hernia appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'incisional hernias']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['hernia appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infliximab is efficacious in the management of moderate to severe @entity30 ( @entity30 ). There are limited data regarding performance of infliximab in @entity1 who require reinitiation of maintenance dosing following previous irregular exposure. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study of @entity30 @entity1 treated with maintenance infliximab beyond 3 years. Maintenance infliximab infusion regimens were categorized as scheduled maintenance (SM) (maintenance infusions q < or =8 weeks after loading) or prior irregular (PI) (no loading, gap in therapy >8 weeks prior to or during maintenance therapy). We examined differences in need for medical and surgical hospitalizations as well as associated healthcare costs between the 2 groups. RESULTS: In all, 104 @entity30 @entity1 met criteria for 3-year maintenance infliximab treatment (SM n = 64; PI n = 40). The rates of @entity30 -related surgeries (60.9% and 55.0%, P = not significant [N.S.]) and medical hospitalizations (35.9% and 37.5%, P = N.S.) prior to infliximab initiation was similar between the 2 groups. However, the rate of medical (26.5% versus 47.5%, P = 0.035) and surgical hospitalizations (21.8% versus 48.7%, P = 0.009) were significantly lower in the SM compared to the PI group. During the third year of treatment the excess costs per @entity1 for the PI group compared to the SM group amounted to  11,464 in spite of both cohorts being on SM therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who begin and continue an uninterrupted maintenance dosing regimen had a lower incidence of hospitalization and surgery than those who received an irregular or interrupted regimen prior to beginning an SM regimen.

title: Impact of prior irregular infliximab dosing on performance of long-term infliximab maintenance therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity1368 is a recognised cause of secondary @entity101 with its aetiology most commonly due to a secreting @entity1369 @entity652 . Laparoscopic resection of the @entity5 has now become the accepted form of intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of such procedures performed by one surgeon over a 7-year period. METHOD: An observational study was conducted in respect of 33 @entity1 who underwent adrenalectomies for @entity1368 between 1999-2006. Information on blood pressure, electrolytes, medications, histology, @entity1 characteristics and @entity1 ' perception of benefit was gathered via clinical notes and a @entity1 questionnaire. RESULTS: 33 @entity1 were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 38.4 months. Blood pressure and number of medications all had statistically significant decreases. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 146 mmHg preoperatively to 130 mmHg at final follow-up (p<0.00005). Diastolic blood pressure decreased from 91.0 mmHg preoperatively to 81.5 mmHg (p<0.00005). There was also a significant decrease in number of blood pressure medications from 2.3 preoperatively to 1.0 on average (p<0.00005). Only one @entity1 required @entity972 at final review. Overall 36% had clinical cure and 50% had significant improvement in terms of blood pressure and medications requirements. CONCLUSION: The results suggest unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an effective tool in treatment for benign @entity1368 caused by @entity1369 secreting @entity652 .

title: Surgical outcomes following laparoscopic adrenalectomy for treatment of XXXX ( @entity1368 ) between 1999 and 2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumour']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the adrenal gland', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism', 'primary hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['Conn's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although individuals of Hispanic ethnicity are at high risk for developing @entity712 ( @entity712 ), little is known about differences between @entity712 @entity1 stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). We compared characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 with @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) or @entity146 ( @entity146 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 247 hospitals in Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure between 2005-2010, 6117 Hispanics were compared with 71 859 @entity62 . Forty-six percent of Hispanics had @entity9568 (EF >40%), whereas 54% had @entity146 (EF <40%); 55% and 45% of @entity62 had @entity9568 and @entity146 , respectively. Relative to @entity62 , Hispanics with @entity9568 or @entity146 were more likely to be younger and to have @entity6 , @entity101 , and overweight/ @entity28 . In multivariate analysis, a lower mortality risk was observed among Hispanics with @entity9568 (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.81; P=0.005) but not in Hispanics with @entity146 (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.43; P=0.784) compared with @entity62 . In all groups, composite performance improved within the study period (Hispanics @entity9568 : 75.2-95.1%; @entity62 @entity9568 : 79.0-92.7%; Hispanics @entity146 : 67.7-88.4%; @entity62 @entity146 : 60.8-85.6%, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity712 @entity1 with @entity9568 had better in-hospital survival than @entity62 with @entity9568 . Inpatient mortality was similar between groups with @entity146 . Quality of care was similar and improved over time irrespective of ethnicity, highlighting the potential benefit of performance improvement programs in promoting equitable care.

title: Care and outcomes of Hispanic @entity1 admitted with @entity712 with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: findings from get with the guidelines- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Hispanic HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced EF', 'REF']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['preserved EF', 'PEF']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) @entity580 and assess the clinical outcomes. A case-case-control design was used to compare two groups of case @entity1 with control @entity1 from March 2010 to November 2014 in China. Risk factors for the acquisition of @entity17336 and clinical outcomes were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. A total of 94 @entity1 with @entity17336 , 93 @entity1 with Carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE) @entity281 , and 93 @entity1 with organisms other than Enterobacteriaceae @entity281 were enrolled in this study. Fifty-five isolates were detected as the carbapenemase gene. @entity35746 was the most common carbapenemase (65.5  %, 36/55), followed by NDM-1 (16.4  %, 9/55), @entity35747 (14.5  %, 8/55), NDM-5  (1.8  %, 1/55), and NDM-7  (1.8  %, 1/55). Multivariable analysis implicated previous use of third or fourth generation @entity2886 (odds ratio [OR], 4.557; 95  % confidence interval [CI], 1.971-10.539; P   <   0.001) and carbapenems (OR, 4.058; 95  % CI, 1.753-9.397; P   =   0.001) as independent risk factors associated with @entity17336 . The in-hospital mortality of the CRE group was 57.4  %. In the population of @entity17336 , presence of central venous catheters (OR, 4.464; 95  % CI, 1.332-14.925; P   =   0.015) and receipt of immunosuppressors (OR, 7.246; 95  % CI, 1.217-43.478; P   =   0.030) were independent risk factors for mortality. Appropriate definitive treatment (OR, 0.339; 95  % CI, 0.120-0.954; P   =   0.040) was a protective factor for in-hospital death of @entity17336 . Kaplan-Meier curves of the CRE group had the shortest survival time compared with the other two groups. Survival time of @entity1 infected with Enterobacteriaceae with a high @entity2889 MIC (>= 8  mg/L) was shorter than that of @entity1 with a low @entity2889 MIC (2,4, and   <=    1  mg/L). In conclusion, @entity17336 are associated with prior exposure to third or fourth generation @entity2886 and carbapenems. @entity1 infected with CRE had poor outcome and high mortality, especially high @entity2889 MIC (>= 8  mg/L). Appropriate definitive treatment to @entity17336 in the @entity1 is essential.

title: Risk factors and clinical outcomes for @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17336 :: ('MESH:D004756', 'Disease') :: ['CRE infections', 'CRE nosocomial infections', 'CRE infection']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with a state of chronic low-grade @entity32 . Immune cells accumulate in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). The vascular endothelium plays an interactive role in these infiltration and inflammatory processes. Mature and @entity1184 adipocytes are considered as the major adipogenic cell type secreting proinflammatory cytokines in @entity1386 . In contrast, the proinflammatory capacity of preadipocytes and their role in endothelial cell activation have been neglected so far. To gain new insights into this molecular and cellular cross-talk, we examined the proinflammatory expression and secretion of normoxia, @entity519 , and @entity310 -treated @entity1 preadipocytes and adipocytes ( @entity21117 cells) and their impact on @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) function. In this study, stimulation of HMEC-1 with conditioned media (CM) from preadipocytes increased endothelial @entity2071 expression and monocyte adhesion but not adipocyte-CM. After @entity519 and @entity310 stimulation of @entity21117 cells, adipocyte-CM induced and preadipocyte-CM enhanced the monocyte adhesion. Concordantly, the expression of proinflammatory adipokines was considerably higher in preadipocytes than in adipocytes. @entity21117 -CM upregulated the phosphorylation of three MAPK pathways, @entity24779 , and @entity1178 in HMEC-1, whereas the NF-kappaB pathway was not affected. Inhibitor experiments showed that monocyte/endothelial cell-cell adhesion and endothelial @entity2071 expression was JNK and @entity19904 / @entity24779 pathway dependent and revealed @entity650 as a major mediator in CM increasing monocyte/endothelial cell-cell adhesion via the @entity24779 pathway. Our study shows that preadipocytes rather than adipocytes operate as potent activators of endothelial cells. This can be enhanced in preadipocytes and induced in adipocytes by @entity310 and @entity519 in a manner similar to what may occur in @entity1386 in the etiology of @entity28 .

title: Functional analyses reveal the greater potency of preadipocytes compared with adipocytes as endothelial cell activator under normoxia, XXXX , and @entity310 exposure.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the recurrence of @entity788 and subsequent pancreatic function in @entity1 who stop drinking after the first episode of @entity167 -associated @entity788 . METHODS: Of a total of 118 @entity1 suffering from their first @entity167 -associated @entity788 , 18 (all @entity1 , age median 47 (27-71) years) met the inclusion criterion for abstinence during follow-up. The criterion for abstinence was @entity167 consumption <24 g @entity5394 months (self-estimated), which is in line with questionnaires eliciting @entity167 consumption and dependency ( @entity167 Use Disorders Identification Test < 8 and Short @entity167 Dependence Data < 9). Recurrent attacks of acute @entity788 were studied. Smoking, body mass index and laboratory tests detecting heavy consumption of @entity167 were recorded. Blood and faecal tests were studied to assess endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 5.15 (1.83-9.13) years and a total of 92.7 @entity1 -years, there were no recurrent attacks of acute @entity788 among the 18 abstainers. Two @entity1 had @entity6 prior to and one was diagnosed immediately after the first episode of acute @entity788 . One @entity1 had impaired @entity413 metabolism at 2 years. Two @entity1 had low insulin secretion in glucagon-C-peptide test, one at 4 years and the other at 5 years. Only one @entity1 (6%) maintained low @entity23606 activity during the abstinence follow-up. Of the 100 non-abstainers, 34% had at least one recurrence during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the mediator mechanisms of @entity8883 , abstinence after the first episode protects against recurrent attacks. @entity660 is also rare among abstinent @entity1 .

title: Abstinence after first acute @entity167 -associated XXXX protects against recurrent @entity788 and minimizes the risk of @entity660 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Obesity resulting from @entity16 , i.e. @entity28 , is a severe condition that currently lacks any effective evidence-based therapy. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to describe the course of @entity28 in a @entity976 @entity1 treated with distal gastric bypass surgery and to outline distinct aspects of multidisciplinary case management. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 29-year-old @entity1 , who had undergone @entity976 resection at the age of 8, was referred to our @entity28 Centre with a body mass index (BMI) of 52.0 kg/m(2), type 2 @entity6 ( @entity27 ). After careful preoperative preparation, including the adjustment of hormone substitution therapy for @entity7961 , nutritional counselling and a supervised exercise program, he underwent a distal gastric bypass operation. RESULTS: Eighteen months after the operation the @entity1 's BMI had decreased to 31.9 kg/m(2), type 2 @entity6 was in complete remission, and @entity27 appeared to be improved. Also, feelings of hunger were markedly reduced after the operation. A standard regimen of supplements successfully prevented any severe @entity3147 . After weight loss, the dose of @entity701 could be distinctly reduced without any signs of @entity1887 while GH substitution had to be markedly increased to achieve normal @entity442 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates that within a multidisciplinary team approach, a distal gastric bypass operation can be a safe and highly effective therapy for @entity1 with @entity28 . Also, our findings hint at an effect of gastric bypass surgery on hunger and eating behaviour that may not essentially rely on hypothalamic mechanisms.

title: Distal gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of @entity28 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic obesity', 'Interdisciplinary Obesity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['childhood craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The presence of Y-chromosome material in @entity1 with dysgenetic gonads increases the risk of @entity5 and/or nontumoral @entity342 -producing lesions. The @entity1 ' prognosis can vary, depending on their karyotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Y-chromosome mosaicism in @entity2689 @entity1 and its association with the development of @entity5 and/or nontumoral @entity342 -producing lesions. Eighty-seven @entity2689 @entity1 were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genes @entity16438 and @entity16439 and DYZ3 repeat of the Y chromosome were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. To the Y-positive @entity1 , prophylactic gonadectomy was offered. The data disclosed hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism in 16 (18.5%) of the @entity1 . @entity16438 sequence was detected in all of the 16 @entity1 , and 4 (4.6%) of them presented DYZ3 repeat region and @entity16439 gene. Eleven of the @entity1 with Y-positive sequences agreed to undergo the prophylactic surgery. In 2 cases, bilateral @entity5712 was found and, in another case, the histopathologic study of the gonads revealed @entity1373 . In a further case, there were @entity1373 and a stromal @entity27977 . In conclusion, a systematic search for hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism, especially @entity16438 , in @entity2689 @entity1 is justified by the possibility of preventing @entity75 .

title: @entity16438 gene increases the risk of developing @entity5712 and/or nontumoral XXXX in @entity2689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hilus cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['gonadal lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective therapy for pharmacoresistant @entity302 . Nevertheless, information regarding the long-term outcome of VNS in @entity1 is limited. AIM: To describe the long-term outcome of VNS in @entity1 with pharmacoresistant @entity302 treated at the Gazi University Medical Faculty @entity302 Center, @entity233 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 24 @entity1 - all younger than 18 years of age (mean age: 14.31 years). Median age at the time of VNS device implantation was 11 years. Median age at onset of @entity302 was 21 months and median duration of @entity302 was 126 months. All the @entity1 ' @entity410 were intractable with antiepileptic drug treatment and all had been treated with an average of 6+/-2 antiepileptic medications. In all, 12 @entity1 had secondary generalized @entity410 and 12 had partial @entity410 . Because this was a retrospective open study, the number of @entity410 could not be enumerated in most of these cases. RESULTS: The only factor that was associated with @entity410 reduction was duration of follow-up. Age at @entity410 onset and age at VNS device implantation were not associated with @entity410 reduction. The difference in @entity410 reduction between @entity1 >12 years of age and @entity1 <12 years of age was not significant. Mean percentage of @entity410 reduction after 6 months-7 years of treatment was, respectively, 22.5% (n=24) (6th month), 32% (n=20) (1st year), 42% (n=16) (2nd year), 50.45% (n=11) (3rd year), 52% (n=10) (4th year), 60% (n=8) (5th year), 61.25% (n=8) (6th year), and 61.6% (n=6) (7th year). The positive effect of VNS persisted throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is an expensive method, VNS is an effective treatment method. This series shows the necessity of long-term follow-up series for understanding the efficacy and advantages of VNS. Prospective, long-term double-blind studies with large samples are needed to confirm the present study's findings.

title: The efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation in XXXX with pharmacoresistant @entity302 : practical experience at a Turkish tertiary referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alternating @entity1158 of childhood is a predominantly @entity245 of uncertain etiology. In more than 3 decades since its description, little progress has been made in understanding its etiology or in identifying effective treatments. In 1998, in collaboration with the Alternating @entity1158 of Childhood Foundation, an international registry was established to help document clinical outcomes and promote research efforts. @entity1 AND METHODS: We present phenotypic data on 103 @entity1 who met existing diagnostic criteria for alternating @entity1158 of childhood. Although some of these subjects may have been included in previously published reviews, our focus was directed toward the earliest manifestations of symptoms and evolution of features over time. Data sources included written questionnaires, face-to-face and telephone interviews, clinical examination, and medical charts. Characteristics of disease onset, medical comorbidities, episode triggers, diagnostic workup, and treatment are presented. RESULTS: @entity1319 were the most frequent early symptom, manifesting in the first 3 months of life in 83% of @entity1 . @entity2795 episodes appeared by 6 months of age in 56% of @entity1 . Background slowing shown by electroencephalography during typical paroxysmal events, including @entity3520 was frequent (21 of 42 cases). Distinct @entity410 episodes with @entity1662 believed to be @entity302 in nature were reported in 41% of @entity1 . @entity2055 (96%) and @entity73 (100%) were frequent nonepisodic symptoms. Empiric pharmacologic treatment approaches offered little benefit in most subjects and resulted in adverse effects in 20% of @entity1 . Prolonged episodes were completely or temporarily aborted during sleep in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This descriptive analysis of a large cohort of @entity1 indicates that @entity1319 are an early, highly suggestive symptom, followed by @entity3520 or flaccid, alternating @entity1158 in early infancy in the majority of subjects. Current challenges in diagnosis and management contribute to poor outcomes. Early diagnosis and multicenter collaboration are needed to facilitate trials to identify more effective therapies.

title: Alternating XXXX of childhood: early characteristics and evolution of a @entity245 .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia', 'Hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['Hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic, tonic, or dystonic episodes', 'paroxysmal episodes of focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic neurodevelopmental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal eye movements', 'paroxysmal ocular movements']

answer: @entity1158 :: (MESH:D006429,Disease) :: ['hemiplegia']