abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) placement is the most common gastrointestinal operation performed on neonates. Concomitant fundoplication is used variably to prevent complications of @entity354 , but its effectiveness is unproven. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of fundoplication at the time of @entity5274 placement vs @entity5274 placement alone on subsequent reflux-related hospitalizations in @entity1 with @entity16 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective, observational cohort study, defined by birth between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2010, at 42 @entity1 's hospitals in the United States, with a 1-year follow-up period among 4163 @entity1 with @entity16 who underwent @entity5274 placement with or without fundoplication during their neonatal intensive care unit stay. INTERVENTION: Fundoplication and @entity5274 placement vs. @entity5274 placement alone. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: One-year postprocedural reflux-related hospitalization rates, defined as hospitalization for @entity565 , mechanical ventilation, @entity354 , and @entity1173 or other types of @entity55 . Propensity to undergo concomitant fundoplication was modeled using demographics, prior procedures (tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation), and prior diagnoses (eg, @entity55 , @entity354 , and other comorbidities). RESULTS: Overall, 4163 of 42,796 @entity1 (9.7%) with @entity16 admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit underwent @entity5274 placement alone or with fundoplication. @entity1 who concomitantly underwent fundoplication had more reflux-related hospitalizations during the first year than those who underwent @entity5274 placement alone (mean, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93-1.10 vs mean, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00). Of 1404 @entity1 who underwent fundoplication, 1027 (73.1%) were matched based on propensity scores. The mean difference of the matched cohort for any reflux-related hospitalizations was -0.05 (95% CI, -0.20 to 0.15) per year. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity1 with @entity16 who underwent fundoplication at the time of @entity5274 placement did not have a reduced rate of reflux-related hospitalizations during the first year compared with those who underwent @entity5274 placement alone, despite propensity score matching. This may be due to a lack of effectiveness of fundoplication in preventing these complications or due to differences in the @entity1 groups that were inadequately accounted for in the matching.

title: Effectiveness of fundoplication at the time of gastrostomy in XXXX with @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants', 'Infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'Gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The terminal ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, termed telomeres, progressively shorten during each round of cell division eventually leading cells into senescence. @entity5 cells typically overcome this barrier to unlimited proliferation by activation of the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) gene. In contrast, in most @entity1 somatic cells @entity2215 expression is tightly repressed by multiple @entity5 suppressors. Here, we studied the regulation of @entity2215 by the @entity876 family member @entity9486 . We show that forced expression of @entity9486 or activation of endogenous @entity9486 by @entity16262 results in the downregulation of telomerase activity. Vice versa, siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity9486 induces @entity2215 expression. Responsiveness to @entity9486 is conferred by Sp1 binding sites within the @entity2215 core promoter. In @entity5 cells, @entity9486 isoforms lacking the transactivation domain (DeltaNp73) are frequently overexpressed and believed to function as oncogenes. We show that DeltaNp73 antagonizes the repressive effect of the proapoptotic @entity876 family members on @entity2215 expression and, in addition, induces @entity2215 expression in telomerase-negative cells by interfering with E2F-RB-mediated repression of the @entity2215 core promoter. These data provide evidence that the @entity9486 gene functions as an important regulator of telomerase activity with implications for embryonic development, cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis.

title: Regulation of telomerase activity by the @entity876 family member XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity9486 :: (7161,Gene) :: ['p73']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 and @entity14 are leading causes of U.S. @entity5 mortality. Because mortality rates for many @entity5 vary by socioeconomic characteristics, we used area socioeconomic indices to examine patterns in U.S. lung and @entity14 mortality between 1950 and 1998. METHODS: A factor-based area socioeconomic index was linked to 1950-1998 county mortality data to generate annual lung and @entity14 mortality rates for each area socioeconomic group. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to model and identify statistically significant changes in the mortality trends. RESULTS: Area socioeconomic patterns in U.S. @entity2 mortality changed dramatically between 1950 and 1998. @entity1 aged 25-64 years and those aged 65 years or older in higher socioeconomic areas generally had higher @entity2 mortality than did those in lower socioeconomic areas during 1950-1964 and 1950-1980, respectively. Area socioeconomic differences in @entity2 mortality began to reverse and widen by the early 1970s for younger @entity1 and by the mid-1980s for older @entity1 . In 1998, @entity2 mortality was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49% to 64%) higher for younger @entity1 and 38% higher (95% CI = 34% to 43%) for older @entity1 in the lowest area socioeconomic group than for the same age groups in the highest area socioeconomic group. @entity2 mortality among older @entity1 in all socioeconomic groups increased sevenfold to eightfold between 1950 and 1998, with higher mortality in higher area socioeconomic groups. The positive socioeconomic gradient in @entity14 mortality diminished substantially over time. Although @entity14 mortality among @entity1 in all area socioeconomic groups showed a consistent downward trend, @entity14 mortality among @entity1 in low area socioeconomic groups, but not in high area socioeconomic groups, showed an upward trend. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic gradients in male @entity2 mortality reversed between 1950 and 1998, and those in @entity14 mortality narrowed over that time. Area measures may be useful for monitoring socioeconomic disparities in @entity5 mortality and for identifying areas for potential @entity5 control interventions.

title: Changing area socioeconomic patterns in U.S. XXXX mortality, 1950-1998: Part II--Lung and @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity2702 ( @entity2702 ) is 2.5 in 100   000. 80% are associated with @entity1884 or @entity1884 . We report the case of a 70-year-old @entity1 with a 6   cm spherical mass incidentally found on chest X-ray. There was a localised systolic bruit over the right lower zone posteriorly; however, he was asymptomatic. He had suffered a @entity64 , affecting his right hand and his speech, from which he recovered. He experienced regular transient ischaemic attacks, on an average of every 2   months. He underwent a right lower lobectomy and on ligating the right lower lobe pulmonary artery the saturations of @entity26 rose from 92% to 97%, demonstrating a significant right to left extracardiac shunt. Postoperative recovery was excellent and 1   year later the @entity1 reports no further neurological symptoms. 40% of such lesions exhibit symptoms, however, only one-third are neurological. Treatment should be by percutaneous embolisation.

title: A large XXXX causing @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformations', 'PAVMs']

answer: @entity2702 :: (MESH:C562404,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: Recent reports have described a stem cell population termed stromal vascular cells (SVCs) derived from the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, which are capable of intrinsic differentiation into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in vitro. The objective of this study was to further define the cardiac lineage differentiation potential of SVCs in vitro and to establish methods for enriching @entity6480 -derived beating cardiac myocytes. SVCs were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of @entity19 adipose tissue. Cells were cultured in methylcellulose-based @entity19 stem cell media. Analysis of @entity6480 -derived beating myocytes included Western blot and @entity460 imaging. Enrichment of acutely isolated SVCs was carried out using antibody-tagged magnetic nanoparticles, and pharmacologic manipulation of Wnt and cytokine signaling. Under initial media conditions, spontaneously beating SVCs expressed both cardiac developmental and adult protein isoforms. Functionally, this specialized population can spontaneously contract and pace under field stimulation and shows the presence of coordinated @entity460 transients. Importantly, this study provides evidence for two independent mechanisms of enriching the cardiac differentiation of SVCs. First, this study shows that differentiation of SVCs into cardiac myocytes is augmented by non-canonical Wnt agonists, canonical Wnt antagonists, and cytokines. Second, SVCs capable of cardiac lineage differentiation can be enriched by selection for stem cell-specific membrane markers @entity17776 and @entity17777 . Adipose-derived SVCs are a unique population of stem cells that show evidence of cardiac lineage development making them a potential source for stem cell-based cardiac regeneration studies.

title: Non-canonical Wnt signaling enhances differentiation of @entity17776 +/ @entity17777 + adipose-derived XXXX stromal vascular cells into spontaneously beating cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity141 and other divalent cations modulate parathyroid hormone secretion by interacting with cell-surface @entity141 -sensing receptors (CaRs). We assessed the ability of these receptors to couple to @entity141 mobilization, @entity19260 (InsP) accumulation, and @entity1919 production in different expression systems. In @entity1238 oocytes injected with @entity291 parathyroid @entity16565 cRNA, the addition of extracellular cations to 1.5 mM @entity141 , 5.5 mM @entity1025 , or 10 microM Gd3+ significantly increased 45Ca efflux (p < 0.01). InsP accumulation also increased dramatically when adding these cations to @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with wild-type @entity291 parathyroid @entity16565 cDNA. Raising the extracellular [ @entity141 ] ([ @entity141 ]o) from 0.1 to > 1.4 mM in oocytes and to > 1.0 mM in HEK 293 cells stimulated significant increments in 45Ca efflux and InsP accumulation, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, @entity141 and @entity1025 increased InsPs to a lesser extent in COS 7 cells transiently transfected with @entity16565 cDNA. In HEK 293 cells stably expressing @entity16565 cDNA, there were significant reductions in @entity268 content when adding high @entity141 , @entity1025 , @entity15311 , or the @entity16565 modulator NPS R-467. Three region-specific anti- @entity16565 peptide antisera immunoblotted bands of approximately 140 and 155 kDa in membranes from @entity16565 -transfected HEK 293 cells and @entity291 parathyroid tissue. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated strong cell-surface staining in @entity16565 -transfected HEK 293 cells and parathyroid tissue, which was absent when antisera were preabsorbed with @entity16565 peptides. These results indicate that the activation of the recombinant @entity16565 by extracellular @entity141 can couple negatively to adenylate cyclase but positively to phospholipase C (PLC), the latter at physiological [ @entity141 ]o.

title: Coupling of calcium receptors to @entity19260 and @entity1919 generation in @entity1 cells and XXXX oocytes and immunodetection of receptor protein by region-specific antipeptide antisera.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) @entity566 is associated with persistent @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) and @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a SQ @entity6711 sublingually administered immunotherapy tablet ( @entity7041 , H  rsholm, Denmark) in adults and adolescents with @entity6711 @entity1576 and report the @entity2023 results. METHODS: Six hundred four subjects at least 14 years old with @entity6711 @entity2023 and mild to moderate @entity56 were randomized 1:1:1:1 to double-blinded daily treatment with 1, 3, 6 SQ- @entity6711 or placebo. End-of-treatment @entity7370 symptoms and medication score were predefined extrapulmonary end points. A subgroup analysis was conducted post hoc in subjects with a total combined @entity2490 score (TCRS) > 0 (ie, with @entity2023 and/or @entity2023 medication use during the 4-week baseline period). The subgroup was comprised of 498 subjects (82%). RESULTS: In the subgroup, the absolute difference in end-of-treatment TCRS between 6 SQ- @entity6711 and placebo was  -0.78 (95% confidence interval  -1.47 to  -0.07, relative difference 28.8%, P  = .0357). Furthermore, a significant difference was found for the total score of the @entity2490 Quality of Life Questionnaire with Standardized Activities RQLQ(S) and for the individual domains: activities, sleep, non-nose and @entity2194 , and nasal symptoms. For the TCRS and @entity2490 Quality of Life Questionnaire score, a dose response was seen, with numerically lower, nonsignificant differences for 1 and 3 SQ- @entity6711 . The predefined analysis for the entire trial population showed no statistically significant difference between the placebo and actively treated groups. No safety concerns were observed. CONCLUSION: Efficacy in mild to severe @entity2023 of 6 SQ- @entity6711 compared with placebo was demonstrated by statistically significant improvements in TCRS and @entity2490 Quality of Life Questionnaire score in subjects with @entity2023 present at baseline. The treatment was well tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT, no 2006-001795-20; ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00389363.

title: SQ house dust mite sublingually administered immunotherapy tablet ( @entity7041 ) improves XXXX in patients with house dust mite @entity56 and @entity2490 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['non-eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR symptoms', 'AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HDM allergic asthma', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'House dust mite']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-operative @entity5 spill increases the risk of local recurrence of @entity3969 , and adversely impacts relapse-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates. METHODS: Surgical checklists, operative notes, institutional pathology reports, central pathology review and flow sheets of 602 @entity1 registered between August 1986 and September 1994 on National @entity3969 Study-4 as randomized, followed or switched and coded as Final Stage II, @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ) were reviewed. @entity4434 and @entity1349 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using the Cox model and tested for statistical significance by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-nine @entity1 were found after review to have Stage II, @entity15803 @entity3969 . The 8-year @entity4434 percentages were 85.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81.1%, 88.1%) for those with no spill compared to 75.7% (65.8%, 83.2%) for those with spill. The 8-year @entity1349 percentages were 95.6% (93.1%, 97.3%) for those with no spill compared to 90.3% (82.2%, 94.9%) for those with spill. The HR for relapse among those with spill was 1.55 ((95%CI: 0.97,2.51), P = 0.067) and the HR for @entity204 was 1.94 ((0.92,4.09), P = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4434 and @entity1349 were lower for @entity1 who had @entity5 spill. The majority of NWTS Stage II, @entity15803 @entity1 with @entity5 spill have an overall excellent outcome when treated with two drug chemotherapy (vincristine and actinomycin D) and no abdominal irradiation.

title: Outcome of @entity1 with Stage II/ @entity15803 XXXX with and without @entity5 spill: a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'favorable histology']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms Tumor', 'Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: We investigated the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on @entity1707 epidermal sunburn cell (apoptotic cell) formation. Expression of @entity39445 @entity5 suppressor gene product, p21 (WAF1/CIP1), and @entity33815 ( @entity33815 ) was also determined immunohistochemically. Apoptotic cells appeared at 12 h and reached a peak at 48 h following 2 MED-UVB irradiation. The formation of sunburn cells was confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. @entity39445 -positive cells, and p21-positive cells appeared at 6 h, and 12 h, respectively, following the UVB-irradiation. The peak of @entity39445 -positive cells was observed at 24 h, and that of p21-positive cells was at 48 h. No expression of TUNEL-, @entity39445 -, or p21-positive cells was detected in non-irradiated epidermis. The increase in @entity33815 -positive cells was observed at 24 h and reached its peak at 96 h following the UVB-irradiation. Flow cytometric analyses indicated a decrease in S-phase cells at 24 h, that was followed by their increase at 96 h. Cells in G2/M phase were also considerably decreased at 6 h and 48 h following the UVB-irradiation, and was followed by their increase thereafter. The @entity665 uptake and mitotic counts remained low up until 48 h, and then both parameters increased reaching their peaks at 72 96 h. Effects of UVB irradiation were also determined in tape stripping-induced hyperproliferative epidermis. The numbers of UVB-induced apoptotic cells and @entity33815 positive cells were markedly enhanced in the tape stripping-treated epidermis, while the numbers of @entity39445 - and p21-positive cells were not significantly altered. No induction of apoptosis, @entity39445 , or p21 was observed by tape stripping alone. Our results indicate that UVB irradiation induces G1 arrest, prolonged S, and G2/M block of epidermal keratinocytes as well as apoptosis. These processes provide a G1 check point and the elimination of possibly hazardous cells carrying DNA damage, respectively. Our results also indicate that the UVB-induced apoptotic process is enhanced in hyperproliferative @entity272 suggesting that apoptosis is closely associated with cell cycle progression.

title: Epidermal cell kinetics of @entity1707 skin in vivo following UVB irradiation: apoptosis induced by UVB is enhanced in hyperproliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity33815 :: ('692192(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin condition']


abstract: From 1958 to 1982, 58 @entity1 with @entity976 were treated with external beam radiation, 56 post surgery. Nineteen were pediatric (< 16 years) and 39 were adult. Forty @entity1 underwent primary treatment while 18 (7 pediatric and 11 adult) were treated for recurrence. Median follow-up is 17 years. @entity5 dose and 'maximum dose' (i.e. dose to smallest isodose > 1 cm) were recorded. The mean @entity5 and maximum dose for pediatric @entity1 was 5588 and 5870 cGy vs. 6243 and 6542 cGy, respectively for adults. The actuarial 5- and 10-year survivals for pediatric @entity1 were 84% and 72%, respectively and were significantly better than the 54% and 51% for adults (p = 0.01). However, overall disease recurrence rates were 26% (5/19) for pediatric @entity1 and 18% (7/39) for adults. Of the multiple @entity1 and treatment parameters analyzed, initial disease type (i.e. primary vs. recurrence) in pediatric @entity1 , surgical extent, @entity5 dose, maximum dose, age of adults and use of pretreatment CT evaluation appeared to impact on @entity1 outcome. Pediatric @entity1 treated for @entity66 showed improved survival over those treated for recurrence. The same was not observed in adults and appeared to be due to treatment @entity137 . Surgical morbidity correlated with extent of surgery. All @entity1 who underwent total resection developed surgical sequelae. Forty-four percent (4/9) of @entity1 receiving @entity5 doses of < or = 5400 cGy developed recurrences vs. 16% (8/49) in those receiving > 5400 cGy. Nine of the 12 recurrences were in @entity1 who did not undergo pretreatment CT evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term results of pediatric and XXXX treated with combined surgery and radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['adult craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Conventional radiologic procedures are frequently unreliable in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph node @entity2 . In order to improve diagnostic accuracy, we performed endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) during bronchofiberscopic examinations of @entity1 with @entity2 . METHODS AND @entity1 : To evaluate mediastinal and hilar lymph node @entity3 , EBUS was performed prospectively using a radial scanning probe of 20 MHz through a bronchofiberscope. RESULTS: We observed hilar lymph nodes (10R, 11R superior, 11R inferior, 12R, 10L, 11L, 12L) in 20 of 37 @entity1 who underwent EBUS, and we could clearly identify whether direct invasion of the pulmonary artery by a lymph node had occurred. Of the 27 @entity1 who showed no hilar lymph nodes on chest CT scan, lymph node swellings < 10 mm or > or = 10 mm in diameter were identified by EBUS in 9 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , respectively. Interestingly, EBUS also revealed that the pulmonary artery was directly invaded by an interlobar lymph node < 10 mm in diameter in one @entity1 . In most @entity1 , lymph node 7 was easily identified and was clearly differentiated from the surrounding esophagus, vessels, and mediastinal fat tissue by EBUS. However, fused lymph nodes or lymph nodes with low central density when visualized by chest CT scan were occasionally observed as independent lymph nodes by EBUS. When compared with the pathologic diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 in 16 @entity1 who underwent surgery, the most specific and sensitive method for identifying lymph node @entity3 were EBUS alone (92%) and EBUS in combination with CT scan (100%), respectively. The overall accuracy of EBUS was 94% for the diagnosis of direct invasion of the pulmonary arteries by a hilar lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS in combination with conventional radiologic tools may contribute to improved staging, especially in surgical cases with hilar lymph node @entity3 .

title: Endobronchial ultrasonography for mediastinal and hilar lymph node XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastases of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['metastases of lung cancer']


abstract: We previously found a positive association between @entity460 plus @entity560 and antiosteoporotic drugs and survival among @entity173 @entity1 . Our aim was to verify this observation using a nationwide database. A retrospective cohort of home-discharged @entity173 @entity1 aged 50 years or older (n = 23,615) was enrolled from the national database. Primary exposure was medical treatment for @entity170 , and the outcome was all-cause mortality. Cumulative mortalities were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. The relationship between mortality and medication purchases was modeled using Cox's proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates for medication use. One in 4 @entity1 and 1 in 10 @entity1 with a @entity173 were treated for @entity170 in Finland. Unadjusted 1-year mortality was lower among @entity1 who purchased @entity460 plus @entity560 or @entity560 supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs than among those who did not purchase these medications [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.81]. The difference in unadjusted cumulative mortality remained in favor of the drug users for at least 5 years. Among @entity1 , the use of @entity460 plus @entity560 or @entity560 supplements was associated with lower 1-year mortality even after adjustments for observed confounders (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.97). Among @entity1 , the use of antiosteoporotic drugs was associated with lower mortality (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93). There was a tendency to even better survival in both genders if @entity460 plus @entity560 or @entity560 supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs were used simultaneously, the HR being 0.72 (95% CI 0.50-1.03) in @entity1 and 0.62 (95% CI 0.50-0.76) in @entity1 .

title: Post- @entity173 use of prescribed @entity460 plus XXXX or @entity560 supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs is associated with lower mortality: a nationwide study in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: @entity327 type b acquires @entity69 -bound @entity68 via a siderophore-independent mechanism involving direct contact between the @entity1 @entity68 -binding glycoprotein and the bacterial cell surface. Evidence has accumulated to show that the @entity69 receptor consists of at least two @entity68 -regulated outer membrane @entity69 -binding proteins (TBPs), of which one has a molecular mass of around 100 kDa (TBP1) and the other has a molecular mass of 60 to 90 kDa (TBP2). In @entity327 type b strain Eagan, proteins of 76, 90, and 107 kDa appear to be involved in @entity69 binding. To determine whether these TBPs are expressed during growth in vivo, strain Eagan was recovered without subculture from the intraperitoneal cavities of infected @entity1 @entity35 . By using a dot blot assay, outer membranes prepared from these in vivo-grown bacteria, unlike those grown in @entity68 -sufficient broth, bound @entity1 @entity69 and produced the 76-, 90-, and 107-kDa TBPs. Immunoblotting experiments using convalescent sera from infected @entity35 also revealed the presence of antibodies to the 76- and 90-kDa strain Eagan TBPs. In addition, convalescent sera from three of four @entity1 recovering from @entity327 type b @entity693 contained antibodies to the 90- and 105-kDa TBPs of the corresponding infecting strain. Furthermore, fresh clinical isolates of @entity327 type b recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid showed constitutive expression of the TBPs, which became @entity68 regulated only after prolonged in vitro subculture on @entity68 -sufficient medium. This contrasted with the laboratory-adapted Eagan strain, in which the TBPs remained @entity68 regulated even after animal passage. These findings indicate that the @entity327 type b @entity69 receptor is expressed during experimental animal and @entity1 @entity281 .

title: Evidence for in vivo expression of XXXX -binding proteins in @entity327 type b.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) alone and in combination with gray-scale ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign versus metastatic disease for @entity1600 in @entity0 @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS. @entity1 with @entity0 and axillary lymph nodes suspicious for metastatic disease on conventional ultrasound who underwent @entity6475 of the suspicious node before ultrasound-guided @entity400 ( @entity400 ) were included in this study. On conventional ultrasound, the long- and short-axis diameters, long-axis-to-short-axis ratio, cortical echogenicity, thickness, and evenness were documented. The nodal vascularity was assessed on power Doppler imaging. Elastograms were evaluated for the percentage of black (hard) areas in the lymph node, and the @entity6475 -ultrasound size ratio was calculated. Two readers assessed the images independently and then in consensus in cases of disagreement. ROC AUCs were calculated for conventional ultrasound, @entity6475 , and both methods combined. Interreader reliability was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS. A total of 101 @entity1 with 104 nodes were examined; 35 nodes were benign, and 69 had @entity3 . @entity6475 alone showed a significantly lower AUC (62%) than did conventional ultrasound (92%) (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the AUC of conventional ultrasound and the AUC of the combination of conventional ultrasound and @entity6475 (93%) (p = 0.16). Interreader reliability was moderate for all variables (k >=  0.60) except the @entity6475 -ultrasound size ratio (k = 0.35). CONCLUSION. Added @entity6475 does not improve the diagnostic ability of conventional ultrasound when evaluating @entity1600 .

title: Strain elastography of abnormal axillary nodes in XXXX @entity1 does not improve diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional ultrasound alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal axillary lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['strain elastography', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Adequate postoperative @entity1337 prevents unnecessary @entity1 discomfort. It may also decrease morbidity, postoperative hospital length of stay and, thus, cost. Achieving @entity158 relief after cardiac surgery is often difficult. Many techniques are available, and all have specific advantages and disadvantages. Intrathecal and epidural techniques clearly produce reliable @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Additional potential benefits include stress response attenuation and thoracic cardiac sympathectomy. The quality of @entity1337 obtained with thoracic epidural anesthetic techniques is sufficient to allow cardiac surgery to be performed in awake @entity1 without general endotracheal anesthesia. However, applying regional anesthetic techniques to @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery is not without risk. Side effects of local anesthetics ( @entity551 ) and opioids ( @entity111 , @entity390 / @entity391 , urinary retention, and @entity1576 ), when used in this manner, may complicate perioperative management. Increased risk of @entity1410 formation in this scenario has generated much of lively debate regarding the acceptable risk-benefit ratio of applying regional anesthetic techniques to @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery.

title: Intrathecal and epidural anesthesia and XXXX for cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['optimal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: 1. We studied the effect of mineral supplementation and its duration in @entity170 by analysing the @entity460 and @entity3151 balances of 49 treated @entity3604 @entity1 whose median length of @entity460 treatment was 19 weeks with a range of 8 days to over 4 years. Forty-four studies satisfied statistical criteria of reproducibility and included 35 @entity1 (10 also receiving @entity2931 replacement therapy) and nine @entity1 . 2. Mean @entity460 balance was positive in @entity1 taking @entity460 supplements alone, +1.9 +/- 2.5 mmol daily (P less than 0.002), and was significantly more positive (P less than 0.05) in @entity1 also taking @entity2931 , +4.2 +/- 2.1 mmol daily. @entity460 balance was not significantly positive in @entity1 . 3. @entity460 balance correlated negatively with duration of supplementation, but significantly, only when duration of supplementation was expressed logarithmically (r = -0.401, P less than 0.01) giving the regression equation y = 4.2-1.6 log x, where y = @entity460 balance in mol/day and x = duration of supplementation in weeks. Theoretical net @entity460 retention, without allowance for @entity393 , could be calculated by integration. 4. Mean @entity3151 balance was significantly positive in both groups of @entity1 and in the whole population. Although its correlation with duration of supplementation did not reach statistical significance (P less than 0.1), the ratio of the regression slopes for @entity460 and @entity3151 , 1.5:1, corresponded to their molar ratio in bone. 5. These statistics are, we believe, the first to describe an exponential decline in @entity460 balance during mineral treatment of @entity170 , but they firmly suggest that such treatment, with or without @entity2931 therapy, conveys temporary benefit.

title: Metabolic balance studies of mineral supplementation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['dermal loss']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cross-sectional studies show that @entity6817 , used in @entity65 prevention, are often discontinued @entity204 . Studies investigating associations between statin exposure and @entity5 outcomes, not accounting for these exposure changes, are prone to reverse causation bias. The aim of this study was to describe longitudinally the changes in statin initiation and continuation prior to @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity0 , thus establishing an appropriate exposure lag time. METHODS: This study was carried out using linked @entity5 registry and prescribing data. We identified @entity1 who died of their @entity5 (cases) and @entity5 survivors were used as controls. The probability of initiating or continuing statin use was estimated up to 5  years prior to @entity204 (or index date). Conditional binomial models were used to estimate relative risks and risk differences for associations between approaching @entity5 @entity204 and statin use. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the probability of continued statin use in @entity0 cases was significantly lower 3  months prior to @entity204 (RR 0.86 95% CI 0.79, 0.94). Similarly, in @entity14 cases, the probability of continued @entity6817 use was significantly lower 3  months prior to @entity14 (RR 0.77 95% CI 0.68, 0.88). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of @entity1 will cease statin treatment in the months prior to a @entity0 .

title: Patterns of statin initiation and continuation in XXXX with @entity0 , towards end-of-life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast or colorectal cancer', 'colorectal or breast cancer death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer death', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['approaching death', 'death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Percutaneous @entity384 of ureteral strictures has not gained widespread acceptance, despite proven success with the techniques for dilating stenotic blood vessels. Thirty-one ureteral strictures (in 30 @entity1 ) that were dilated during a 42-month period were reviewed to assess the results and to determine which @entity1 are most likely to benefit from the procedure. Eighteen (58%) of 31 strictures were successfully dilated and remained patent for at least 6 months. Thirteen (42%) of 31 strictures resulted in failed patency either immediately (two @entity1 ) or within 3 months (seven @entity1 ), 6 months (three @entity1 ), or 21 months (one @entity1 ). Fourteen (64%) of 22 strictures less than 7 months of age were successfully dilated. All dilations for strictures more than 7 months of age failed. Four strictures were of unknown age. Nine (69%) of 13 strictures located in the proximal or midureter remained patent, and three (60%) of five dilations at a ureteroileal @entity254 were successful. Neither of two strictures at a ureterocolic @entity254 was treated successfully. We conclude that percutaneous @entity384 is an effective treatment of ureteral strictures in some @entity1 , especially when the strictures are less than 7 months of age.

title: Percutaneous XXXX of ureteral strictures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilatation']


abstract: The frequency of @entity1689 in @entity459 has decreased from the former 5-10% to 1-2% thanks to earlier diagnosis and operative treatment. @entity1689 , which occurs only in prolonged @entity459 , should therefore virtually disappear. We investigated this topic in a prospective long term study of chronic @entity788 (1963-1992). Over the last three decades 336 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 have been studied at regular intervals. 245 suffered from @entity167 -induced (84% with @entity730 ) and 91 from non- @entity167 -induced chronic @entity788 (77% with @entity730 ). The average period of observation in the group with non- @entity167 -induced chronic @entity788 was 10.6 years. @entity459 was found in 6 @entity1 (4 male, 2 female), i.e. 6.6% of non- @entity167 -induced chronic @entity788 (100% with @entity730 ). They were evenly distributed over the 30 years' study period. 3 @entity1 had acute attacks of @entity788 prior to the diagnosis of chronic @entity16581 (2 months, 3 + 8 years). In 3 @entity1 with primary painless chronic @entity16581 was diagnosed twice incidentally and once because of @entity6 . @entity1689 was diagnosed 3 times before @entity459 (8.3 +/- 2.1 years), once simultaneously and twice afterwards (2 + 14 years). In three @entity1 chronic @entity788 was initially misinterpreted as @entity167 -induced. Severe exocrine @entity3210 was present in 4 of 5 @entity1 (no data in one), and @entity6 in 3 of 6 @entity1 . At the time of diagnosis of @entity459 , mean serum @entity460 was 3.08 +/- 0.43 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and @entity459 ].

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic pancreatitis', 'Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16581 :: ('MESH:C566837', 'Disease') :: ['calcific pancreatitis the condition', 'calcific pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Valgus foot is a common @entity5109 in @entity3570 . The most popular operation for the @entity85 has been the Grice talocalcaneal blocking. It has not been studied primarily in @entity1 with @entity3570 . We report a prospective series, we present the results of hind foot @entity85 of @entity1 with @entity3570 , using Grice talocalcaneal arthrodesis with a tricortical iliac bone graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2000 and December 2003, 21 @entity1 with bilateral (42 feet) @entity85 of feet underwent surgery. There were 7 males and 14 females. The mean age of @entity1 was 67.7 months (range 50-108 months). RESULTS: The total number of feet that had nonunion was 11, in 7 of them the grafts were completely reabsorbed and the outcome of all these feet was unsatisfactory. Four feet had partial union of which three had unsatisfactory and one had satisfactory outcome. Sixteen feet had residual @entity85 at the last followup visit, 10 @entity1 had nonunion, and 6 had inadequate correction. Mean preoperative talocalcaneal and calcaneal pitch angles were 48.5   and 31.9  , respectively, which decreased to 38.5   and 29.1  , respectively, postoperatively. The decrease in talocalcaneal angle and calcaneal pitch was significant between preoperative and postoperative measurements (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Grice subtalar arthrodesis technique is still a valuable option for valgus foot in @entity1 with @entity3570 . In this study, we found more encouraging results in older @entity1 .

title: The results of Grice Green subtalar arthrodesis of valgus foot in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the complex relationships between resting energy expenditure (REE), eating psychopathology, and Hypothalamus Pituitary @entity774 functioning in @entity1 with @entity1277 . METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey, and it was planned by the Clinic for Eating Disorders of the University of Florence (Italy). The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institution. @entity1278 and twenty one @entity1279 @entity1 were assessed by means of a clinical interview and the structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of @entity146 , fourth edition. Eating attitudes and behaviour were specifically investigated by means of the @entity1277 examination questionnaire (EDE-Q). @entity1 were also evaluated by means of the symptom checklist (SCL 90-R), REE was measured by means of indirect calorimetry, and blood @entity701 morning levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Both @entity1278 @entity1 showed a reduced REE as compared with predicted REE. Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with resting energy expenditure in Bulimics, whereas a strong, negative association between BMI and REE was observed in Anorectics. The pattern of associations between variables supported a mediation model, where shape concern accounted for variations in REE and @entity701 levels (mediator), and variations in the mediator significantly accounted for variations in REE. When these associations where taken into account together, the relationship between shape concern and REE was no longer significant, whereas the association between @entity701 levels and REE retained its significance, showing strong evidence for a single, dominant mediator. Anorectics and Bulimics showed an opposite pattern of association between BMI and REE. In Anorectics only, a higher REE was associated with a more severe @entity1277 specific psychopathology, and @entity701 levels represent a possible mediating factor for this relationship. CONCLUSION: The data supported a mediation model where @entity701 levels mediated the relationship between eating psychopathology (concern about body shape) and REE.

title: Association between resting energy expenditure, psychopathology and HPA-axis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Twenty two anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia Nervosa']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal axis']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In our fetal lamb model of lower urinary tract obstruction, a valved shunt preserves bladder function. This study investigates the effects on renal histology. METHODS: We @entity3551 (OU) in 60-day gestation fetal @entity742 , ligating the urethra and urachus, and delivering them at term (130-145days). We compared renal histology in 4 groups: group A-OU without shunt, group B-low-pressure shunt (15-54mmH2O), group C-high-pressure shunt (95-150mm @entity2507 ). Shunts were inserted 3weeks post-obstruction. Group D were normal controls. RESULTS: We delivered 32 fetuses from 23 ewes: 13 fetuses in group A (9 survived), 6 fetuses in group B (5 survived), 7 fetuses in group C (5 survived), and 6 fetuses in group D. Histologically, we found @entity8 , @entity528 of tubular epithelial cells in 7 @entity742 , and cyst formation in 4 @entity742 in group A. There was @entity8 in two @entity742 , and cyst formation in one lamb in both groups B and C, with @entity528 of tubular epithelial cells observed in all but 1 lamb in each group. CONCLUSIONS: V-A shunting prevents @entity15740 ( @entity15740 ). Some @entity742 have @entity8 and @entity528 of renal tubular epithelial cells.

title: Can a pressure-limited V-A shunt for obstructive XXXX really protect the kidney?

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['created obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular distention']

entities_list: @entity15740 :: ('MESH:D021782', 'Disease') :: ['MCDK', 'multicystic dysplastic kidney']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolated degeneration']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['uropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with favorable @entity410 outcome after surgery for symptomatic @entity302 and improve knowledge on pathophysiology of this @entity410 type. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: (1) age between 6 months and 15 years at surgery; (2) active @entity302 ; (3) follow-up after surgery >1 year. RESULTS: We retrospectively studied 80 @entity1 (aged 1.3    2 years at @entity410 onset; 5.8    4 years at surgery, 11.7    5.7 years at last follow up). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity2526 in 77/80 @entity1 (96.3%; unilateral in 69: 89.6%). We performed invasive recordings in 24 @entity1 (30%). In 21 @entity1 in whom MRI or histopathology detected a lesion, electrodes exploring it constantly captured initial ictal activity at @entity2473 onset. Fifty-eight @entity1 (72.5%) underwent unilobar and 22 (27.5%) multilobar or hemispheric procedures. At last follow-up, 49 @entity1 (61.3%) were in Engel class I. Multivariate logistic models showed completeness of resection of the @entity410 onset zone (OR = 0.016, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.122) and of the MRI visible lesion (OR = 0.179, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.999) to be significantly associated with Engel class IA outcome. Unfavorable outcome was associated with an older age at surgery, when it reflected a longer duration of @entity302 (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 0.994,1.926). INTERPRETATION: Data emerging from invasive recordings and the good @entity410 outcome following removal of @entity75 support a focal cortical origin of spasms. In @entity1 with @entity75 , the pragmatic approach to surgery should follow the same principles applied to @entity1625 favoring, whenever possible, unilobar, one-stage resections.

title: Unilobar surgery for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['discrete epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic spasms']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic spasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Impairments in neurocognitive function are considered as core features of @entity161 . Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for @entity716 , the 'putative' prodrome of @entity161 , generally show levels of impairments intermediate between @entity161 @entity1 and @entity23 . We investigated the neurocognitive performance of individuals at UHR for @entity716 , comparing them with @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity23 ( @entity23 ), and explored the predictivity of baseline neurocognitive function in the UHR group for transition to overt @entity716 . METHOD: Individuals at UHR for @entity716 (n = 60), @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 39), and @entity23 subjects (n = 94) participated in the present study. All @entity1 performed a comprehensive @entity149 , consisting of tests for five separate neurocognitive domains (executive function, attention/working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, and spatial memory). UHR subjects were assessed for transition every month during 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Neurocognitive performance in the UHR group was largely at intermediate levels. @entity2414 were significantly different from both the @entity161 and @entity23 groups. In the UHR group, processing speed was decreased to the level of the @entity161 group, while executive function and spatial memory were relatively preserved. In the Cox regression model, spatial memory significantly predicted the transition to overt @entity716 in the UHR group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that @entity149 were evident in UHR individuals prior to the onset of overt @entity716 . Our findings generally support the neurodevelopmental model of @entity161 and suggest that there could be different developmental trajectories between converters and non-converters.

title: @entity149 in individuals at ultra-high risk for XXXX : Who will really convert?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive battery', 'neurocognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'first-episode schizophrenia', 'FES']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Attention/working memory and verbal memory']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Severe @entity2332 is often associated with global ischaemia due to @entity1167 . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) should be slow or as fast as possible. @entity1707 were cooled to 23 degrees @entity56296 ), subsequently followed by 1 h period of circulatory arrest, whereupon rewarming was started. @entity1707 were randomly allocated to 3 groups: slowly rewarmed (2 h), rapidly rewarmed (0.5 h) and a control group on CPB maintaining normothermia. EEG was continuously analyzed by means of Anesthesia-Brain-Monitor (ABM-system), which allows simultaneous monitoring of EEG, blood- and intracranial pressures, heart rate and capnogram as trend graphs. The ABM-system thus delivers a continuous on-line printout of all measured variables. Cooling resulted after about 30 min in electrocerebral inactivity (ECI) in all @entity1707 . EEG reappeared in all animals regardless of the considerable long cardiocirculatory arrest, followed by nearly 3 hours of ECI! It would appear tempting to rewarm an accidentally cooled organism as fast as possible. The present study, however, indicate that the brain during rewarming seems to have its own speed for regeneration of the EEG. This speed showed to be slower than the steeply rising temperature during rapid rewarming. Furthermore, a too vigorous rewarming may jeopardize cerebral metabolism; 90 min after the start of rewarming the EEG had reappeared in 5 out of 8 @entity1707 in slow group, but only in 2 out of 7 in rapidly rewarmed animals. In controls the EEG was continuously present throughout the experiments.

title: Neuromonitoring in XXXX and in hypothermic hypoxia.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: The @entity15901 // @entity15901 / @entity55774 ( @entity55774 /24p3-R) is expressed in rodent distal nephron where it mediates protein endocytosis. The mechanisms of @entity661 and peptides in the intestine are poorly understood. In the present study, the expression and localization of rodent 24p3-R (r24p3-R) and @entity1 @entity55774 ( @entity55774 ) was investigated in intestinal segments by immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. r24p3-R/ @entity55774 was also studied in @entity1 Caco-2 BBE cells and CHO cells transiently transfected with r24p3-R by immunofluorescence microscopy, RT-PCR and immunoblotting of plasma membrane enriched vesicles (PM). To assay function, endocytosis/transcytosis of putative ligands @entity15355 (PC   ), metallothionein (MT) and @entity69 (Tf) was assayed by measuring internalization of fluorescence-labelled ligands in Caco-2 BBE cells grown on plastic or as monolayers on Transwell inserts. The binding affinity of Alexa 488-PC    to colon-like Caco-2 BBE PM was quantified by microscale thermophoresis (MST). r24p3-R/ @entity55774 expression was detected apically in all intestinal segments but showed the highest expression in ileum and colon. Colon-like, but not duodenum-like, Caco-2 BBE cells expressed @entity55774 on their surface. Colon-like Caco-2 BBE cells or r24p3-R transfected CHO cells internalized fluorescence-labelled PC    or MT with half-maximal saturation at submicromolar concentrations. Uptake of PC    and MT (0.7   M) by Caco-2 BBE cells was partially blocked by hNGAL (500 pM) and an EC       of 18.6    12.2 nM was determined for binding of Alexa 488-PC    to PM vesicles by MST. Transwell experiments showed rapid (0.5-2 h) apical uptake and basolateral delivery of fluorescent PC   / @entity1101 (0.7   M). Apical uptake of ligands was significantly blocked by 500 pM hNGAL. @entity55774 dependent uptake was more prominent with MT but transcytosis efficiency was reduced compared to PC    and Tf. Hence, r24p3-R/ @entity55774 may represent a high-affinity multi-ligand receptor for apical internalization and transcytosis of intact proteins/peptides by the lower intestine.

title: Expression and function of the XXXX (24p3/ @entity15901 ) receptor in rodent and @entity1 intestinal epithelia.

entities_list: @entity15355 :: ('MESH:D054811', 'Chemical') :: ['phytochelatin']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical endocytosis and transcytosis of proteins']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['lipocalin-2']


abstract: The translocation of bacteria and bacterial products into the circulation contributes to @entity5881 . Intestinal @entity6124 is common in @entity1 with @entity5881 . The aims of our study were to investigate bacterial translocation, changes in the enteric microbiome, and its regulation by mucosal antimicrobial proteins in @entity5881 . We used a @entity19 model of continuous intragastric feeding of @entity167 or an isocaloric diet. Bacterial translocation occurred prior to changes observed in the microbiome. Quantitative changes in the intestinal microflora of these animals were assessed first using conventional culture techniques in the small and large intestine. Although we found no difference after 1 day or 1 week, intestinal @entity6124 was observed in the gastrointestinal tract of @entity19 fed @entity167 for 3 weeks compared with control @entity19 fed an isocaloric liquid diet. Because <20% of all gastrointestinal bacteria can be cultured using conventional methodologies, we performed massively parallel pyrosequencing to further assess the qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiome following @entity167 exposure. Sequencing of @entity59086 ribosomal RNA genes revealed a relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia bacteria in @entity19 fed @entity167 compared with a relative predominance of Firmicutes bacteria in control @entity19 . With respect to the host's transcriptome, @entity167 feeding was associated with down-regulation in gene and protein expression of bactericidal c-type lectins Reg3b and @entity59087 in the small intestine. Treatment with prebiotics partially restored @entity59087 protein levels, reduced @entity6124 , and lessened @entity7936 . CONCLUSION: @entity167 feeding is associated with intestinal @entity6124 . Intestinal antimicrobial molecules are dysregulated following chronic @entity167 feeding contributing to changes in the enteric microbiome and to @entity7936 .

title: Enteric dysbiosis associated with a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth and enteric dysbiosis', 'bacterial overgrowth']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this study is to define the incidence of chromosomal and @entity154 in neonates with exomphalos major and minor. BACKGROUND: Incidence of major @entity154 varies from 35% to 81% in exomphalos. It is unclear whether these @entity600 are more common with exomphalos major. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case notes of 82 antenatal diagnoses of exomphalos, made between January 1998 and December 2004, were retrospectively reviewed. Exomphalos major was defined as a defect 5 cm or greater and exomphalos minor a defect less than 5 cm in diameter. RESULTS: There were 72 live births, 6 still births, and 4 terminations of pregnancy. There was no statistical significance between exomphalos major and minor regarding mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, birth weight, major @entity299 (21% vs 23%), and @entity8 (11% vs 18%). @entity2008 , @entity4238 were common in exomphalos minor 17 (39%, P = .0001). @entity600 of the gastrointestinal tract (14% vs 27%), central nervous system (0 vs 21%), and @entity3969 (0 vs 5%) occurred commonly in exomphalos minor. @entity4218 (25% vs 5%), @entity34926 (11% vs 0), and @entity1494 (7% vs 0) occurred predominantly in exomphalos major. Mean follow-up was 34 months. Three neonates with exomphalos major died. Overall mortality was 4%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2008 occur more commonly in exomphalos minor. Exomphalos minor and major seem to have a predilection for associated anomalies of specific organ systems. This predisposition may help in counseling parents, planning investigations, and organization of multidisciplinary management strategy.

title: XXXX are commonly associated with exomphalos minor.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and external genitalia abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes, and dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['Limb abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal anomalies', 'Chromosomal anomalies and syndromes']

entities_list: @entity34926 :: ('MESH:D054083', 'Disease') :: ['ectopia cordis']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the real utility of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in @entity1 with @entity201 , we need series with large numbers of cases and long follow-ups. The aim of this paper is to review the Spanish experience in OLT for hilar and @entity1897 and to try to identify the prognostic factors that could influence survival. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Palliative treatment of nondisseminated irresectable @entity201 carries a zero 5-year survival rate. The role of OLT in these @entity1 is controversial, due to the fact that the survival rate is lower than with other indications for transplantation and due to the lack of organs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 59 @entity1 undergoing OLT in Spain for @entity201 (36 hilar and 23 peripheral) over a period of 13 years. We present the results and prognostic factors that influence survival. RESULTS: The actuarial survival rate for @entity201 at 1, 3, and 5 years was 82%, 53%, and 30%, and for @entity1897 77%, 65%, and 42%. The main cause of @entity204 , with both types of @entity201 , was @entity5 recurrence (present in 53% and 35% of @entity1 , respectively). Poor prognosis factors were vascular invasion (P < 0.01) and IUAC classification stages III-IVA (P < 0.01) for @entity201 and @entity3 (P < 0.05) and stages III-IVA (P < 0.05) for @entity1897 . CONCLUSIONS: OLT for nondisseminated irresectable @entity201 has higher survival rates at 3 and 5 years than palliative treatments, especially with @entity5 in their initial stages, which means that more information is needed to help better select @entity201 @entity1 for transplantation.

title: Spanish experience in liver transplantation for hilar and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['perineural invasion']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A threshold concept for ischemic preconditioning (IPc) has been proposed. It is unclear, however, whether IPc, above a certain threshold, is an all-or-nothing or a graded phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 71 @entity4488 -anesthetized @entity1707 , severe left anterior descending coronary artery hypoperfusion for 90 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion resulted in an @entity1188 ( @entity1188 , by @entity5045 ) of 16.7+/-3.4% (SEM) of the area at risk. IPc by 2 minutes of low-flow @entity63 and 15 minutes of reperfusion before the 90-minute @entity63 did not reduce @entity1188 (21.9+/-7.0%). @entity1188 was decreased to 9.0+/-2.6% (P<0.05) by 3 minutes of IPc and reduced further to 1.9+/-0.9% (P<0.05) by 10 minutes of IPc. The interstitial @entity859 concentration (microdialysis, high-performance liquid chromatography) was unchanged with 2 and 3 minutes of IPc but increased with 10 minutes of IPc (by 573+/-144%). The interstitial @entity1812 concentration (microdialysis, radioimmunoassay) remained unchanged with 2 minutes of IPc but increased to a similar extent with 3 minutes (by 198+/-32%) and 10 minutes (by 224+/-30%) of IPc. The @entity1188 reduction by 3 minutes of IPc was abolished by blockade of the @entity1812 B2 receptor with intracoronary @entity19616 (16.6+/-4.3%) but not with intracoronary infusion of @entity859 deaminase (8.4+/-2.5%, P<0.05). @entity19616 , however, did not affect the @entity1188 reduction (3.5+/- 1.1%, P<0.05) by 10 minutes of IPc. Combined infusion of @entity19616 and @entity859 deaminase abolished the @entity1188 reduction by 10 minutes of IPc (15.4+/-6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1188 reduction by IPc is a graded phenomenon. Whereas @entity1812 is essential during preconditioning @entity63 of shorter duration, @entity859 is more important during preconditioning @entity63 of longer duration.

title: Ischemic preconditioning in XXXX : a graded phenomenon: its relation to @entity859 and @entity1812 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['target ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'infarct size']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: We investigated the social behavioural effects of a single exposure to either social defeat or @entity1457 , using the recently developed social avoidance test in @entity35 . The testing apparatus consisted of two connected chambers, one of which contained an unfamiliar male confined in a sub-chamber by a perforated Plexiglas wall. The subjects were placed in the empty chamber and, after 3 min of habituation, were allowed to explore the apparatus for 5 min. The latency, frequency and duration of visits made to the opponent-containing chamber were recorded. Both stressors reduced the exploration of the opponent-containing chamber for more than 5 days. The effects of @entity1457 were not affected by housing conditions, whereas group housing protected @entity35 from the long-term effects of defeat. In addition, the effects of social defeat in isolated @entity35 lasted longer than the effects of @entity1457 . These differences suggest that the two stressors have qualitatively different effects and may model different behavioural states in @entity1 . In a second experiment, social avoidance induced by @entity1457 was readily abolished by both @entity8685 and @entity5633 . We suggest that the shock-induced social avoidance paradigm may become a useful model of stress-induced @entity148 .

title: Stress, social avoidance and anxiolytics: a potential model of stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['electric shocks']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: @entity3 is recognized as one of the most significant @entity1292 after liver transplantation. Diagnosis of @entity3 in transplant recipients has been proven to be challenging, and optimal approach to the treatment of @entity3 is still controversial. We here present an unusual case of @entity54 tracheobronchitis in the setting of liver transplantation. A 47-year-old female @entity1 with persistent dry cough after liver transplantation developed @entity1576 and was readmitted to the intensive care unit 55 days after liver transplantation. A CT scan revealed @entity6184 ; bronchoscopy was performed, and extended white mucus coverings causative of the @entity6184 were removed. Microbiological assessment isolated @entity54 . The diagnosis was obstructive @entity54 tracheobronchitis. The @entity1 was started on a treatment of @entity5074 200   mg orally twice daily, adjusted to a trough level of 1-4   mg/L. For further airway management, a tracheal stent had to be implanted. The @entity1 is alive and well 28 months after liver transplantation. @entity3 should be considered a possible etiology in liver transplant @entity1 presenting with unspecific symptoms such as persistent dry cough. Optimal strategies for improved and early diagnosis as well as prophylaxis need to be defined.

title: XXXX tracheobronchitis causing @entity6184 in a liver transplant recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal tracheal stenosis', 'tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus']


abstract: The genetic variability of @entity1534 is known to be high compared to that of many other bacterial species. @entity1534 is adapted to the @entity1 stomach, where it persists for decades, and adaptation to each host results in every individual harboring a distinctive bacterial population. Although clonal variants may exist within such a population, all isolates are generally genetically related and thus derived from a common ancestor. We sought to determine the rate of @entity74 of @entity1534 over 9 years in two asymptomatic adult @entity1 . Arbitrary primed PCR confirmed the relatedness of individual subclones within a @entity1 . Furthermore, sequencing of 10 loci ( approximately 6,000 bp) in three subclones per time and @entity1 revealed only two base pair changes among the subclones from @entity1 I. All sequences were identical among the @entity1 II subclones. However, PCR amplification of the highly divergent gene amiA revealed great variation in the size of the gene between the subclones within each @entity1 . Thus, both @entity1 harbored a single strain with clonal variants at both times. We also studied genetic changes in culture- and @entity19 -passaged strains, and under both conditions no genetic divergence was found. These results suggest that previous estimates of the rate of @entity74 in @entity1534 within an individual might be overestimates.

title: Slow genetic divergence of XXXX strains during long-term colonization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic change']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: AIM: Teachers are primarily responsible for supervising schoolchildren with @entity565 during school hours. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the level of knowledge of @entity1 daycare center teachers about @entity565 and factors affecting their knowledge. METHODS: This study was performed on 297 teachers from 20 randomly selected @entity1 daycare centers in Istanbul. The teachers' level of knowledge about @entity565 was assessed by a questionnaire with 32 questions about @entity565 . The teachers were asked thirteen additional questions about demographic data and other characteristics of the @entity1 daycare centers and about themselves. One-way ANOVA and the independent samples t-test were used to determine differences in the level of @entity565 knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 297 teachers (287 females/10 males) filled in the questionnaire. The mean age of the teachers was 26.4  8.1 years (range, 20-53 year). The teachers' "response score rate for each question" ranged from 38% to 94%. The teachers' "completely true response rate for each question" was lower and ranged from 1.6% to 83.9%. "The mean of @entity565 knowledge score" for the 32 questions was 113.64  20.26 (71%  12.7%) from a maximum of 160 marks. "Asthma knowledge score for all questions" was related to teachers' gender, age, location and property of @entity1 daycare center and number of @entity1 in @entity1 daycare center. CONCLUSION: Although teachers of @entity1 daycare centers have some knowledge about @entity565 , their "completely true response rate for each question" was insufficient. Much more efficient educational programs are needed for these teachers.

title: Asthma knowledge level of XXXX daycare center teachers' in Istanbul, Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: In models of @entity2500 using intraluminal suture, the size and the distribution of @entity63 vary considerably among laboratories. In transcranial models of @entity2806 , a more consistent cerebral @entity2806 is seen in Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). In the present study, we performed intraluminal suture occlusion of the MCA in SHR and compared its reproducibility with those in Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . Male SHR and SD @entity35 were anesthetized with @entity1508 and subjected to 2 h of temporary @entity2500 by an intraluminal suture. Comparisons of regional cerebral blood flow figures taken throughout the experiment and lesion volume figures taken at 24 h after occlusion were made between the two groups. Total lesion volume in the SHR group was 263.6+/-30.5 mm3 (mean +/- SD), significantly larger and less variable than that in the SD group (145.4+/-123.7 mm3, p < 0.02). Throughout the ischemic period there was a tendency for rCBF to be lower in the SHR group than in the SD group. In some animals of both groups, recirculation could not be produced by withdrawal of the suture from the ICA. The mortality rate was 9% in the SD group and 17% in the SHR group. Intraluminal MCA occlusion in SHRs is associated with a more consistent, reliable and reproducible volume of @entity63 . In the studies of temporary focal @entity2806 , this model must be accompanied by the monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow so as to obtain more reliable results.

title: Intraluminal suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in Spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity16 in the forearm after radial artery harvesting varies in the literature, ranging from 2% to more than 50%. Also, the areas affected and the type of @entity16 differ a lot. @entity1897 may be divided into three types: neuroapraxia (conduction block that recovers within 3 months), axonotmesis (recovers 1 ml/day) and neurotmesis (needs surgery for recovering). We decided to perform a neuroelectrophysiological study, before and after surgery, in peripheral nerves of the forearm to find out the real incidence and the type of lesion after radial artery harvesting. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 whose RA was going to be harvested were selected. Emergency @entity1 , @entity1 with severe @entity409 were excluded. A complete neuroelectrophysiological study was performed in the median, ulnar and radial nerve. The amplitude was measured to check mielina status, whereas with the latency and nerve velocity conduction (NVC) we checked the axonal integrity. An electromyogram was also performed in the forearm muscles. A neurological clinical exploration was also performed. All these tests were performed before surgery and two weeks and two months after surgery. RESULTS: Median nerve: A significant decrease in the amplitude that improved over time was registered. This decrease was observed in the motor and sensitive part of the nerve. No changes were observed regarding latency or NVC. Ulnar nerve: A decrease in the amplitude of the sensitive part of the nerve was observed (11.7-9.2-10.4 microV; P=0.006). No changes were observed regarding latency or NVC. Radial nerve: A statistical trend decrease observed regarding NVC of the sensitive part of the nerve branch was found (50.9 m/s vs. 47.1 m/s vs. 47.2 m/s; P=0.10). The electromyogram found no alterations. Clinically, three @entity1 presented @entity74 in the median nerve territory and one of these also complained of @entity74 in the radial territory. Another @entity1 @entity809 in the ulnar nerve territory. All @entity1 with the exception of one were asymptomatic two months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although only a few @entity1 refer symptoms, most @entity1 suffer changes in the peripheral nerves of the forearm (especially in the sensitive part) after RA harvesting. In our study the median nerve and the sensitive part of the ulnar and radial nerve were affected. These changes were temporary, affecting mainly the axon. All these data suggest neuroapraxia as the main @entity1897 . We think that physicians and @entity1 must be aware of this.

title: XXXX after radial artery harvesting in coronary surgery: a direct measure.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver or renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['referred dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve type lesion', 'Peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sensitive disorders']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological damage']


abstract: In @entity1 , the relaxin hormone family includes H1, @entity7175 . The ever-increasing interest in relaxin as potential new drug requires reliable methods to compare bioactivity of different relaxins. The existing bioassays include in vivo or ex vivo methods evaluating the organ-specific responses to relaxin and in vitro methods based on measurement of @entity268 increase in relaxin receptor-bearing cells. We previously demonstrated that relaxin dose-dependently inhibits @entity1423 . On this basis, we have developed a simple, reliable bioassay for relaxin used to compare purified porcine relaxin, assumed as reference standard, with two recombinant @entity1 H2 relaxins, H3 relaxin, @entity61048 . Pre-incubation of platelets with relaxins (3, 10, 30,100, 300 ng/ml; 10 min.) caused the inhibition of @entity857 -induced @entity1423 . Within the 10-100 ng/ml range, porcine relaxin showed the highest effects and a nearly linear dose-response correlation. Lower peptide concentrations were ineffective, as were @entity61048 at any concentration assayed. Platelet inhibition was mediated by specific RXFP1 relaxin receptor and @entity6708 , whose intracellular levels dose-dependently increased upon relaxin. For comparison, we stimulated THP-1 cells, a relaxin receptor-bearing cell line, with porcine relaxin, @entity1 H2 and H3 relaxins at the above concentrations (15 min.). We observed a dose-related increase of intracellular @entity268 similar to the trend of platelet inhibition. @entity61048 was ineffective. In conclusion, this study shows that inhibition of @entity1423 may be used to assess bioactivity of relaxin preparations for experimental and clinical purposes.

title: A novel, simple bioactivity assay for relaxin based on inhibition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7175 :: ('6019', 'Gene') :: ['H2 and H3 isoforms and insulin-like peptides 3 to 6']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity61048 :: ('11172', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin like peptide 5', 'insulin-like peptides 3 and 5']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: To determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted @entity7994 (DWI) in the evaluation of the early chemotherapeutic response in @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), eight @entity1 with histologically proven diffuse large @entity1892 were imaged by @entity7994 , including DWI, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before treatment (E1), and after 1 week (E2) and two cycles (E3) of chemotherapy. In all @entity1 , whole-body screening using T(1) - and T(2) -weighted images in the coronal plane was performed. To quantitatively evaluate the chemotherapeutic response, axial images including DWI were acquired. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reconstructed, and the ADC value of the @entity5 was measured. In addition, the @entity5 volume was estimated on axial T(2) -weighted images. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max) ) and active @entity5 volume were measured on fused PET/CT images. @entity706 showed high signal intensity on DW images and low signal intensity on ADC maps, except for @entity39 foci. The mean pre-therapy ADC was 0.71       10(-3) mm(2) /s; it increased by 77% at E2 (p   <   0.05) and 24% more at E3 (insignificant); the total increase was 106% (p   <   0.05). The mean @entity5 volume by @entity7994 was 276   mL at baseline; it decreased by 58% at E2 (p   <   0.05) and 65% more at E3 (p   <   0.05), giving a total decrease of 84% (p   <   0.05). All the imaged pre-therapy @entity5 were strongly positive on PET/CT, with a mean SUV(max) of 20. The SUV(max) decreased by 60% at E2 (p   <   0.05) and 59% more at E3 (p   <   0.05), giving a total decrease of 83% (p   <   0.05). The active @entity5 burden decreased by 66% at E2 (p   <   0.05). At baseline, both central and peripheral @entity5 ADC values correlated inversely with SUV(max) (p   <   0.05), and also correlated inversely with active @entity5 burden on PET/CT and with @entity5 volume on @entity7994 at E2 (p   <   0.05). In conclusion, the results of DWI in combination with whole-body @entity7994 were comparable with those of integrated PET/CT.

title: Diffusion-weighted @entity7994 in early chemotherapy response evaluation of XXXX with diffuse large @entity1892 --a pilot study: comparison with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro- D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of sigmoidoscopic screening in reducing mortality from @entity14 remains uncertain. A randomized trial would be ideal for clarifying this issue but is very difficult to conduct. Case-control studies provide an alternative method of estimating the efficacy of screening sigmoidoscopy. METHODS: Using data on the 261 members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who died of @entity188 or distal colon from 1971 to 1988, we examined the use of screening by rigid sigmoidoscopy during the 10 years before the diagnosis and compared it with the use of screening in 868 control subjects matched with the case subjects for age and sex. RESULTS: Only 8.8 percent of the case subjects had undergone screening by sigmoidoscopy, as compared with 24.2 percent of the controls (matched odds ratio, 0.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.48). Adjustment for potential confounding factors increased the odds ratio to 0.41 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.69). The negative association was as strong when the most recent sigmoidoscopy was 9 to 10 years before diagnosis as it was when examinations were more recent. By contrast, for 268 subjects with fatal @entity694 above the reach of the sigmoidoscope and for 268 controls, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.96 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.50). The specificity of the negative association for @entity5 within the reach of the sigmoidoscope is consistent with a true efficacy of screening rather than a confounding by unmeasured selection factors. CONCLUSIONS: Screening by sigmoidoscopy can reduce mortality from @entity188 and distal colon. A screening once every 10 years may be nearly as efficacious as more frequent screening.

title: A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective matched cohort study. PURPOSE: To compare the results of combined Luque rod-sublaminar wiring (thoracic) and pedicle (lower lumbar) instrumentation (SLW) versus those with pedicle screw fixation (PS) for @entity1635 correction in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: PS fixation is gaining popularity. Two instrumentation systems were not compared before in a matched cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 with @entity1555 were matched according to the age at surgery, magnitude of @entity85 . Indications for surgery included loss of sitting balance, rapid decline of vital capacity and curve progression. In group 1 (22 @entity1 ) SLW fixation was used from T2/3 to pelvis or sacrum. In group 2 (18 @entity1 ) PS fixation was used from T2/3 to L5. Five @entity1 had all level segmental PS fixations. Minimum follow-up was 2 years (range, 2 to 13 years). Radiographs, lung function tests and subjective/objective assessment were performed at standardized intervals. RESULTS: Mean Cobb angle in group 1 improved from 45.3   (range, 26 to 75  ) to 17.7  (range, 0 to 37  ) and mean @entity530 improved from 14.5   (range, 8 to 28  ) to 5.6   (range, 0 to 15  ). Mean Cobb angle in group 2 improved from 42.8   (range, 28 to 80  ) to 7.3   (range, 0 to 20  ) and mean @entity530 improved from 11.2   (range, 7 to 30  ) to 2.0   (range, 0 to 5  ) (p < 0.05). Mean operating time and @entity190 were less in group 2 (p < 0.05). In group 1, the infection rate and instrumentation failure was higher, and subjective/objective outcomes showed no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: PS fixation had superior correction and controlled @entity530 without the need for pelvic fixation.

title: @entity85 Correction in XXXX ( @entity1555 ): Comparing the Outcome of Two Instrumentation Techniques.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and vital capacity']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Staging procedures used to detect metastatic @entity0 at the time of diagnosis are bone scan (BS), chest X-ray (CXR), liver ultrasonography (LUS) and laboratory parameters (LP). These procedures are expensive and not all @entity1 need them. We aimed to identify groups of @entity1 with different risks for @entity3 . METHODS: We reviewed data from 1,218 consecutive cases of @entity0 . Pathological and biological parameters and instrumental procedures performed at the time of diagnosis and during 6 months of follow-up were recorded. True positive and negative, false positive and negative cases were evaluated. All cases were grouped on the basis of @entity5 size, nodal involvement, biological characteristics, menopausal status and age. RESULTS: We observed 46 (3.8%) true positive cases with @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. Documentation relating to BS, CXR and LUS was available for 1,193, 1,206 and 1,206 @entity1 , respectively, with 37 (3.1%), 8 (0.7%) and 10 (0.8%) true positive tests. Logistic regression analysis showed significant odds ratio estimates for pT status and nodal status, thus highlighting the role of these morphological data. These findings suggest that @entity0 @entity1 can be divided into two subgroups: first group @entity2558 -3N0-1. with < or = 3 involved nodes, and second group @entity2558 -3N1 with > or = 4 involved nodes, pT4 and @entity477 (metastases detection rate 1.46 and 10.68%, respectively). In the former group the appropriate procedures of staging would only be laboratory parameters, whereas in the latter group BS, CXR, LUS, LP and @entity5 markers CEA and CA 15.3 would.be necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The standard staging procedures to detect @entity3 at @entity0 diagnosis require modification. On the basis of the literature data and our findings, the full staging procedure is appropriate in the second group of @entity1 .

title: Staging of XXXX : new recommended standard procedure.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of bilateral pallidotomy in @entity1 with advanced @entity191 . Thirteen @entity1 with @entity191 had a staged bilateral pallidotomy if they had severe response fluctuations, @entity910 , @entity158 , or @entity2845 despite optimum pharmacological treatment. Assessment scales were the Unified @entity191 Rating scale (UPDRS), the Schwab and England scale, and a questionnaire on the effects of disability in activities of daily living and adverse effects. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated for lesion location and extension. The median off-phase UPDRS motor score was reduced from 43.5 to 29 after the first pallidotomy, and it was further reduced to 23.5 after the second pallidotomy (n = 8). The UPDRS activities of daily living off-phase score improved from 28.5 to 20.5 after the first pallidotomy and to 19 after the second pallidotomy (n = 6). The Schwab and England scale off-phase score showed an improvement after both procedures, first from 40 to 60, and thereafter to 90 (n = 8). On-phase @entity910 were reduced substantially. Eight @entity1 had adverse effects, of whom five had problems with speech. One @entity1 became hemiplegic due to a delayed @entity1188 . Ten @entity1 experienced further benefit from the second procedure. @entity1621 reduces @entity910 . A second contralateral pallidotomy may reduce @entity304 , although to a lesser degree compared with the first pallidotomy and with an increased risk for adverse effects.

title: @entity1621 in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral pallidotomy']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A specific complex of proteins involved in @entity1519 replication has been visualized by cryoelectron microscopy as distinctive structures in association with DNA. Formation of these structures, which we term "hash-marks" for their characteristic appearance in association with DNA, requires the presence of the @entity1519 polymerase accessory proteins (the products of @entity1519 genes 44, 45 and 62), @entity855 and appropriate DNA cofactors. @entity855 hydrolysis by the DNA-stimulated ATPase activity of the accessory proteins is required for visualization of the hash-mark structures. If @entity855 hydrolysis is stopped by chelation of @entity1025 , by dilution with a non-hydrolyzable @entity855 analogue, or by exhaustion of the @entity855 supply, the DNA-associated structures disappear within seconds to minutes, indicating that they have a finite and relatively short lifetime. The labile nature of the structures makes their study by more conventional methods of electron microscopy, as well as by most other structural approaches, difficult if not impossible. Addition of @entity1519 gene 32 protein increases the number of hash-mark structures, as well as increasing the rate of @entity855 hydrolysis. Using plasmid DNA in either a native (supercoiled) or enzymatically modified state, we have shown that nicked or gapped DNA is required as a cofactor for hash-mark formation. Stimulation of the ATPase activity of the accessory proteins has a similar cofactor requirement. These conditions for the formation and visualization of the structures parallel those required for the action of these complexes in promoting the enzymatic activity of the @entity1519 DNA polymerase, as well as the transcription of late @entity1519 genes. Substructure in the hash-marks has been examined by image analysis, which reveals a variation in the projected density of the subunits comprising the structures. The three-dimensional size of the hash-marks, modeled as a solid ellipsoid, is consistent with that of the gene 44/62 protein subcomplex. Density variations suggest an arrangement of subunits, either tetragonal or trigonal, viewed from a variety of angles about the DNA axis. The hash-mark structures often appear in clusters, even in DNA that has a single nick. We interpret this distribution as the result of one-dimensional translocation of the hash-marks along the DNA after their @entity855 -dependent initial association with, and injection into, the DNA at nicks or gaps.

title: Cryoelectron microscopic visualization of functional subassemblies of the XXXX DNA replication complex.

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T4']