abstract: @entity19 with a genetic disruption of the @entity935 transporter ( @entity8829 -/-) exhibit @entity2915 and profound alterations in the homeostasis of the nigrostriatal system, e.g. a dramatic increase in the extracellular @entity935 level. Here, we investigated the adaptive changes in @entity935 D1, D2 and D3 receptor gene expression in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens of @entity8829 -/- @entity19 . We used quantitative in situ hybridization and found that the @entity9528 results in opposite regulations in the gene expression for the @entity935 receptors. In @entity8829 -/- @entity19 , we observed increased mRNA levels encoding the D3 receptor (caudate putamen, +60-85%; nucleus accumbens, +40-107%), and decreased mRNA levels for both D1 (caudate putamen, -34%; nucleus accumbens, -45%) and D2 receptors (caudate putamen, -36%; nucleus accumbens, -33%). Furthermore, we assessed the phenotypical organization of the striatal efferent neurons by using double in situ hybridization. Our results show that in @entity8829 +/+ @entity19 , @entity25252 mRNAs are segregated in two different main populations corresponding to @entity10501 and @entity43154 A mRNA-containing neurons, respectively. The phenotype of D1 or D2 mRNA-containing neurons was unchanged in both the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens of @entity8829 -/- @entity19 . Interestingly, we found an increased density of @entity43154 A-negative neurons that express the D3 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens (core, +35%; shell, +46%) of @entity8829 -/- @entity19 . Our data further support the critical role for the D3 receptor in the regulation of D1-D2 interactions, an action being restricted to neurons coexpressing D1 and D3 receptors in the nucleus accumbens.

title: Differential regulation of the @entity935 D1, D2 and D3 receptor gene expression and changes in the phenotype of the striatal neurons in XXXX lacking the @entity935 transporter.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ['constitutive hyperdopaminergia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. @entity750 and the prostanoid TP receptor agonists, @entity2872 and @entity49315 , constricted the @entity1 umbilical artery with pEC50 values of 7.3+/-0. 2, 6.7+/-0.1, and 7.3+/-0.2, respectively. The selective TP receptor antagonist, @entity49316 (0.1 microM), shifted the concentration-effect curves to @entity2872 and I-BOP to the right, but had no effect on the response to @entity750 . 2. The natural @entity2918 , PGF2alpha and @entity1421 , caused concentration-dependent contraction with pEC50 values of 5.2+/-0.2 and 4.9+/-0.2, respectively. @entity8172 was a partial agonist with a pEC50 of 5.24+/-0.03. @entity49316 (0.1 microM) inhibited the responses to all of these compounds suggesting that they produce contraction by acting at TP receptors. 3. Sulprostone failed to elicit contraction in the @entity1 umbilical artery at concentrations up to 4.4 microM suggesting the absence of @entity7700 and @entity7699 receptors. Despite this, 17-phenyltrinor @entity1421 and GR63799 both induced contraction at concentrations above 1 microM, but the effects were sensitive to @entity49316 (0.1 microM). 4. @entity44805 had no effect on the @entity1 umbilical artery at concentrations up to 17 microM suggesting the absence of FP receptors. @entity2669 was ineffective in two tissues, but caused contraction in one tissue at the highest concentration tested (1.7 microM). However, this response was abolished in the presence of @entity49316 (0.1 microM). 5. The effects of four TP receptor antagonists were assessed by global non-linear regression analysis. @entity49316 , @entity13078 , @entity49317 , and @entity47690 competitively inhibited responses to @entity2872 with pKb values of 8.0+/-0.1, 7.6+/-0.1, 7.0+/-0. 2 and 8.1+/-0.1, respectively. 6 These results suggest that the @entity1 umbilical artery functionally expresses TP receptors, but not @entity7700 , @entity7701 or FP receptors.

title: Characterization of excitatory prostanoid receptors in the XXXX umbilical artery in vitro.

entities_list: @entity44805 :: ('MESH:C006326', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluprostenol']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2669 :: ('MESH:D003008', 'Chemical') :: ['Cloprostenol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Family members of @entity1 with @entity161 are heavily burdened. Thus, we aimed at quantifying the amount of additional efforts during the two weeks before hospitalisation of acute exacerbating @entity716 compared to the time before. METHODS: By means of the semi-structured 'Interview for Measuring the Burden on the Family' we interviewed relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 . To quantify additional burden we asked how much time a @entity1 who would take over the additional burden has to afford. Subscales of different sources of burden and total scales were correlated. RESULTS: An additional 8.9 hours per day would have to be spent in favour of the @entity1 , which results in additional costs of @entity7634 3,115- @entity7634 4,984 (ca. pounds 2,100-3,400) for two weeks. The main sources of additional burden are quantity, quality and nature of contacts to the affected. This includes the frequency of contact to the affected, the whereabouts and symptoms of the affected, as well as the social contacts of the relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clarify the quantitative aspect of care provided by relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 . Apart from the practical and emotional help to relatives the development of a diversified network of community psychiatry services, e.g. day and night hospitals, as well as crisis accommodations should be established.

title: Family burden during exacerbation of XXXX : quantification and determinants of additional costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Radiotherapeutic doses for @entity11 are generally palliative because greater, supposedly curative doses would impart clinically unacceptable damage to nearby vital CNS tissues. To improve radiation treatment for @entity1 @entity11 , we evaluated microbeam radiation therapy, which utilizes an array of parallel, microscopically thin (<100 microm) planar beams (microbeams) of synchrotron-generated X rays. @entity35 with i.c. 9L @entity5 were exposed laterally to a single microbeam, 27 pm wide and 3.8 mm high, stepwise, to produce irradiation arrays with 50, 75, or 100 microm of on-center beam spacings and 150, 250, 300, or 500 Gy of in-slice, skin-entrance, single-exposure doses. The resulting array size was 9 mm wide and 10.4 mm high (using three 3.8-mm vertical tiers); the beam's median energy was -70 keV. When all data were collated, the median survival was 70 days; no depletion of nerve cells was observed. However, when data from the highest skin-entrance dose and/or the smallest microbeam spacings were excluded, the median survival time of the subset of @entity35 was 170 days, and no @entity62 was observed. Others have reported unilateral single-exposure broad-beam irradiation of i.c. 9L @entity3038 at 22.5 Gy with a median survival of only -34 days and with severe depletion of neurons. These results suggest that the therapeutic index of unidirectional microbeams is larger than that of the broad beams and that an application for microbeam radiation therapy in treating certain malignant @entity1313 may be found in the future.

title: Response of @entity35 intracranial 9L XXXX to microbeam radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter necrosis']

answer: @entity3038 :: (MESH:D018316,Disease) :: ['gliosarcoma']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) was administered subcutaneously to @entity35 at doses of 0.3-10 mg/kg/day in a range-finding study and 0.03-0.3 mg/kg/day in a 4-week @entity137 study. Treatment-related effects were assessed by hematology, clinical chemistry, anti- @entity5041 antibody production, and gross and histopathologic evaluations. Doses of 1 mg/kg/day or above were not tolerated, resulting in @entity204 or moribund termination by Day 7. Slight decreases in red blood cell counts (including hematocrit and hemoglobin) were observed at >/= 0.1 mg/kg/day. White blood cells counts increased in a dose-dependent manner; increases were primarily due to increases in lymphocytes and eosinophils. @entity409 , including increases in @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity648 , were noted at 0.3 mg/kg/day. Histologic findings were evident primarily in the spleen, liver, lung, and injection sites, with dose-related increases in inflammatory cell foci/infiltrates noted in these sites. Findings in the liver also included @entity1373 , @entity528 , @entity39 , vascular mural thickening in the portal triads, and @entity82 . Red and @entity1373 and capsular @entity82 occurred in the spleen. Most clinical and histopathologic findings were reversible within 4 weeks after termination of treatment. Anti- @entity5041 antibodies were detected beginning on Day 19 and were still present on Day 56. The pharmacological and toxicological effects associated with subcutaneous administration of @entity5041 are comparable to those reported after intravenous administration, indicating that subcutaneous dosing may be an alternative to the current clinical iv regimens.

title: @entity137 of subcutaneously administered recombinant XXXX @entity1199 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['white pulp hyperplasia', 'biliary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of a school-based questionnaire, to identify adolescents with adverse coronary risk factor levels. DESIGN: In Muscatine, IA, students (9th through 12th grade) completed a questionnaire providing medical history information about first- and second-degree relatives. Anthropometric measures were obtained and blood pressure, lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels were determined. RESULTS: A history of parental @entity301 ( @entity301 ) was rare and a history of parental high @entity165 frequently was unknown; however, when known, a history of high @entity165 or early (30 to 55 years of age) or later (> 55 years of age) @entity301 ( @entity583 , coronary bypass, or @entity204 from a @entity299 ) in grandfathers enriched the identification of adolescents with adverse coronary risk factors. Parental history of @entity301 was associated with an increased risk for high body mass index and low apolipoprotein A1 levels in their @entity1 . Grandfather history of early or later @entity301 was associated with an increased risk for low apolipoprotein A1 and high density lipoprotein @entity165 levels and high body mass index in their grandchildren. Students with positive grandfather histories of high @entity165 had higher total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity755 , and low density lipoprotein @entity165 to high density lipoprotein @entity165 ratios. Grandmother histories, because most were negative, did not help identify adolescents in this population with adverse coronary risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: A parental history of @entity301 as well as a grandfather history of high @entity165 or @entity301 enriches the identification of @entity1 with adverse coronary risk factor levels. The positive predictive values associated with using a school-based history obtained from adolescents, many with the aid of their parents, are small and many adolescents do not know their family history. It is essential that pediatricians inquire about parental and especially grandparental medical histories in accordance with the National @entity165 Education Program guidelines to help identify @entity1 at highest familial risk. The importance of determining parental and grandparental histories of @entity301 or @entity1007 should be emphasized to families who are uncertain of their histories to identify @entity1 and adolescents who require a physician's care. It is also important for pediatricians to remind their colleagues who care for @entity1 with premature @entity741 to refer their progeny for pediatric care so that their lipids and lipoproteins may be screened and counseling provided.

title: Coronary risk factors in adolescents related to their knowledge of XXXX and @entity1007 : the Muscatine Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol', 'Cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['familial coronary heart disease']


abstract: To determine the relationship between clinical presentation, radiographic features, pathology, and treatment on overall survival of newly diagnosed pediatric primary @entity4097 (PSCT). Retrospective analysis of all previously healthy @entity1 with newly diagnosed PSCT at a single institution from 1995 to present was performed. Twenty-five pediatric @entity1 (15 @entity1 , average 7.9 years) were diagnosed with PSCT. Presenting symptoms ranged from 0.25 to 60 months (average 7.8 months). Symptom duration was significantly shorter for high grade @entity5 (average 1.65 months) than low grade @entity5 (average 11.2 months) (P = 0.05). MRI revealed @entity5 (8 cervical, 17 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 7 sacral) volumes of 98-94,080 mm(3) (average 19,474 mm(3)). Homogeneous @entity2287 enhancement on MRI correlated with lower grade pathology (P = 0.003). There was no correlation between @entity5 grade and volume (P = 0.63) or @entity4 (P = 0.36) by MRI analysis. Median survival was 53 months and was dependent on @entity5 grade (P = 0.05) and gross total resection (P = 0.01) but not on gender (P = 0.49), age of presentation (P = 0.82), duration of presenting symptoms (P = 0.33), or adjuvant therapies (P = 0.17). Stratified Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the association between degree of resection and survival after controlling for @entity5 grade (P = 0.01). MRI homogeneous gadolinium enhancement patterns may be helpful in distinguishing low grade from high grade spinal @entity4097 . While @entity5 grade and gross total resection rather than duration of symptoms correlated with survival in our series, greater than one-third of @entity1 had reported symptoms greater than 6 months duration prior to diagnosis.

title: Primary XXXX of childhood: effects of clinical presentation, radiographic features, and pathology on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors', 'cord malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: @entity9844 of mammary stroma (PHMS) is a benign proliferation of keloid-like @entity82 , containing slit-like pseudovascular spaces. Its main importance is its distinction from @entity5426 ; however, the clinicopathologic spectrum of @entity49346 remains incompletely described. We report two new cases and describe our findings in 200 consecutive breast specimens evaluated for the presence of PHMS. The first @entity1 presented with peau-de-orange change in the overlying breast skin, thus mimicking @entity0 . Furthermore, this @entity1 's @entity9844 had been diagnosed and treated inappropriately as a low-grade @entity5426 . The second case showed the more typical, @entity1557 -like presentation of PHMS. In addition, PHMS changes occur commonly in routine breast biopsy specimens. In fact, our review of 200 consecutive breast specimens showed PHMS in at least one microscopic focus in 23% of cases. The PHMS changes occurred in younger @entity1 than the control population and were associated with @entity3923 , in @entity1557 , in @entity247 , in normal breast tissue, and in @entity1137 . Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of one case showed that the capillary-like spaces were either acellular or lined by fibroblasts. @entity9844 of mammary stroma represents a clinicopathologic spectrum, extending from focal, insignificant microscopic changes to cases where PHMS produces a breast mass. Increased awareness of PHMS and its clinicopathologic spectrum will allow its differentiation from other @entity5 of the breast, especially low-grade @entity5426 .

title: XXXX of mammary stroma. Some observations regarding its clinicopathologic spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing lobular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9844 :: ('MESH:C535824', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia', 'PHMS lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic changes']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity9844 :: (MESH:C535824,Disease) :: ['Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of local excision (LE) for @entity5 for curative purposes. From 1969 to December 1997, a total of 456 operations were performed for surgical treatment of @entity189 (262 males and 194 females, mean age 66 years). 20 @entity1 (4.1%) underwent LE, 7 males and 13 females, median age 65 years. @entity1 were selected for LE if they met the following criteria during preoperative staging: @entity5 staged as T1-T2, N0, M0, grading G1 or G2, achievable location. As far as the type of LE is concerned, 13 transanal excisions (Francillon technique), 2 Mason, 2 endoscopic excisions and 3 TEM were performed. Among @entity1 who underwent LE there was no operative mortality. 13 @entity5 were T1 and 7 were T2; pathologic findings included 20 @entity420 , 14 G1 and 6 G2. There was no postoperative specific morbidity, while aspecific morbidity was minimal (5%). There were no local recurrences but 2 @entity1 (10%) had secondary lesions. Five year overall survival following LE was 87.4%. Comparing T1 and T2 @entity5 after @entity1488 and SSR (17 T1 and 42 T2, all @entity420 ), operative mortality and specific morbidity were respectively 1.7% (p = 0.55) and 28% (p = 0.007). There were 5 (8.5%) local recurrences (p = 0.17) and 6 (10.2%) metastatic lesions. Five year overall survival was similar to LE (88.3%; p = 0.76). In conclusion the authors stress the importance that IE for @entity189 must be performed only in selected @entity1 provided there is correct preoperative staging. In these cases five year overall survival, local recurrence and operative mortality were similar to @entity1488 and SSR, while there was a statistically significative difference following LE in terms of specific morbidity.

title: [Role of curative local excision in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: An 80 year old @entity1 with known @entity1986 of unknown etiology was hospitalized because of acute onset and rapid deterioration of @entity1353 at rest within days. A foregoing neurologic investigation including CT and EEG because of prior @entity1163 and @entity14695 attacks had not revealed pathologic findings. Thorax X-ray at admission showed homogenous loss of transparency on the left side, calcified basal plaques on both sides and prominent central pulmonary vessels with jumping caliber. A punctate of the leftsided pleural effusion revealed lymphocytic exsudate, normal pH, low @entity413 and an elevated LDH. The @entity1 died shortly after a collapse at a bowel @entity1151 was suspected in accordance to results from arterial blood gas analysis, ECG and chest X-ray. @entity16 could be explained by recurrent @entity1151 . @entity456 together with the punctate suggested a malignant etiology. A @entity2615 was taken into consideration, although there were no anamnestic reports on an exposition to asbestos. Autopsy revealed @entity887 of the @entity358 with acute cor pulmonale thus confirming the clinical suspicion. The embolus showed components of different ages of origin. Besides bronchitic and emphysematous alteration histology of the pulmonary tissue revealed @entity82 with focal tissue consolidation. In one giant cell a typical asbestos body was found (in 1 out of 10 sections). In spite of missing information on an exposition to asbestos an abnormally high exposition must be taken into consideration because of the finding of an asbestos particle in relation to the amount of tissue studied. Apart from @entity82 may also cause consolidation of pulmonary tissue. Histology of plaquelike lesions revealed @entity2615 of fibrous type. This finding supports the suspicion that a major part of the @entity358 was due to exposition to asbestos.

title: [Central XXXX in chronic @entity1986 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis asbestos', 'interstitial and septal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'visit and pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['almost complete central embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural plaques']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity135 that invades the internal carotid artery (ICA) represents a significant management challenge. We describe a novel technique that allows for @entity146 removal without disrupting blood flow through the affected ICA. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old @entity1 was referred to our institution for management of a neck malignancy involving the ICA. Cerebral angiography suggested that there was good collateral flow from the opposite hemisphere, but the @entity1 reported @entity227 during balloon test occlusion of the ICA. INTERVENTION: A self-expanding stent was deployed in the ICA; it spanned the entire length of the artery involved by @entity5 . One month later, the @entity1 underwent @entity5 resection. During surgery, a long ICA arteriotomy was performed directly down to the mesh of the stent. A neoendothelium had formed within the stent, which prevented @entity548 . The carotid wall was dissected from the stent without difficulty and removed en bloc with the surrounding @entity5 . The exposed stent was wrapped circumferentially with a synthetic patch material. The @entity1 tolerated the procedure well, and postoperative angiography demonstrated normal filling of the ICA. CONCLUSION: We describe a novel approach to a @entity1 with @entity135 involving the cervical ICA. Preliminary stenting, which allows time for endothelialization before surgery, may permit @entity146 resection without interrupting flow through the ICA. This technique obviates the need for complicated carotid reconstruction procedures and avoids the risk of delayed @entity63 from carotid sacrifice.

title: Carotid stenting and "extarterectomy" in the management of XXXX involving the internal carotid artery: technical case report.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss in the ipsilateral eye']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unlike primary @entity356 , a remnant @entity356 (RGC) staging system has not been established. The retrieved lymph node counts (RLN) in RGC is generally lower than that in primary @entity356 , so it is unclear whether positive lymph node count reflects the RGC @entity1 's survival. Therefore, the lymph node ratio (LR) may be more useful for RGC staging than the 7th edition UICC classification. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  191) who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent for RGC participated in this study. LR was classified as LR  =  0, 0  <  LR  <=   0.1, 0.1  <  LR  <=   0.4, and 0.4  <  LR. Modified @entity2802 staging (mTNM-LR) was established by combining the pT (7th UICC) with LR. The predictive accuracy of LR and mTNM-LR was compared with that of the pN (7th UICC) and @entity2802 (7th UICC), respectively. RESULTS: The mean RLN was 14.4 and that of 128 @entity1 (67  %) was <= 15. Fifty-one @entity1 (27  %) had metastatic lymph nodes. Multivariable analyses revealed that pT (7th UICC) (p  <  0.001) and pN (7th UICC) (p  =  0.001), but not LR, were independent risk factors for overall survival. The overall c-index (95  % confidence interval) of each staging system was as follows: pN (7th UICC): 0.700 (0.627-0.771); LR: 0.701 (0.627-0.775), @entity2802 (7th UICC): 0.808 (0.761-0.870); mTNM-LR: 0.807 (0.737-0.871). There were no significant differences in the predictive accuracy between pN (7th UICC) and LR, and @entity2802 (7th UICC) and mTNM-LR. CONCLUSIONS: LR was not superior to pN (7th UICC). Thus, the 7th edition UICC classification is a practical and reliable staging system for RGC.

title: Staging for Remnant XXXX : The Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio vs. the UICC 7th Edition System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: The age peak for spontaneous @entity510 from an @entity439 is 55-60 years, and two-thirds of the cases are @entity1 . The prognosis continues to be poor (50% early mortality rate). Early admission to a neurosurgical department/institution may be life-saving. Already in the out-of-hospital situation, lowering of the frequently elevated blood pressure needs to be achieved (e.g. with Adalat ( @entity594 ) 10 mg, sublingual). Depending on the stage presenting, either early surgery is indicated, or elective surgery when the @entity1 has been stabilized. Here, two different schools of thought continue to exist. A new method is endovascular coiling involving the microcatheter placement of tiny @entity902 spirals in the @entity439 to effect local @entity715 . As a prophylactic measure, @entity2553 may be prevented by the administration of Nimotop ( @entity3931 ). But its treatment continues to be problematic.

title: [Therapy of XXXX . First aid already on site!].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoidal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: One hundred consecutive age and sex-matched @entity1 of 3 different subsets of @entity1459 (recent onset @entity951 ) were randomized 1:1 after coronary angiography to receive I.V., either 1.5 x 10(6) units of streptokinase (SK) in 200 ml of normal saline or 200 ml of normal saline alone (control) in 1 hour. Repeat angiography was done in those @entity1 having intra-coronary thrombi (37.3%) during the initial angiography. Both groups received optimal doses of heparin followed by @entity1229 , @entity117 and other standard drugs and were followed up for 6 months. @entity158 subsided significantly in the SK group-41 (82%) vs 25 (50%) (P < 0.005), especially in @entity1 with recent onset @entity951 (92.5% vs 60%, P < 0.005). Incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was much less in the SKgp (4(8%) vs 17 (34%) (p < 0.05). Four cases of fatal MI and four cases of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) occurred in the control group against none in the SKgp. Requirements of mechanical revascularization was significantly less (P < 0.05) in the SK gp. Angiographic evidence of partial or complete clot lysis was noted in 90% of SK gp. vs 4.8% of control (P < 0.01). Echocardiographically assessed LV function improved significantly with SK-therapy in recent onset (P < 0.05) and @entity951 (P < 0.001) subsets--however, the improvements in post @entity1188 subset were not statistically significant. The beneficial outcome with SK therapy was observed in @entity1 irrespective of angiographic evidence of thrombi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intravenous thrombolytic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['crescendo angina', 'angina -65, crescendo angina -20, post-infarct angina-15', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct angina']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the disruption and scattering of colonies of TMK-1, a cell line derived from a @entity1 @entity356 . A stimulatory action of EGF on cell migration was also observed as determined by a wound assay. However, these actions of EGF were inhibited if the cells were pretreated with @entity619 , a synthetic glucocorticoid. @entity619 increased cell adhesion to collagen type IV and laminin, but not to @entity5731 and fibronectin. In contrast, EGF did not affect cell adhesion to these extracellular matrices whether @entity619 was present or not. @entity619 enhanced the protein levels of both @entity6927 and @entity2393 subunits, and that of the @entity6927 @entity8652 heterodimer. Further, flow cytometric analysis revealed that @entity619 increased the expression of @entity8652 and @entity6927 integrin subunits at the cell surface, whereas EGF increased expression of @entity8652 and alpha2 subunits at the cell surface. Antibodies against @entity6927 and @entity2393 subunits inhibited the increased cell adhesion seen in the presence of @entity619 . An immunofluorescence study indicated that @entity619 increased the formation of focal adhesions along the entire edges of cell colonies. In contrast, EGF led to the formation of focal adhesions preferentially at the cell front, and this EGF-induced preferential formation was not observed if the cells were pretreated with @entity619 . These results suggest that glucocorticoid increased cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via @entity6927 @entity2393 , and thereby antagonized EGF-induced cell migration.

title: Antagonistic regulation of cell migration by epidermal growth factor and glucocorticoid in XXXX @entity356 cells.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have previously described the neoplastic transformation of immortalized @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by the combination of the @entity17147 and @entity517 protooncogenes and the concomitant induction of @entity3508 mRNA expression (A. Pfeifer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86: 10075-10079, 1989). In this paper we describe the morphological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the primary @entity17147 / @entity517 @entity5 , xenografts of these @entity5 , and @entity5 that originated from cell lines of the primary @entity5 . The @entity5 were morphologically characterized by the appearance of desmosomes and tonofilaments, microvilli, and dense core granules representing markers of squamous, glandular, and neuroendocrine differentiation, respectively. A total of 11 of 13 @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemical techniques for @entity3508 , @entity750 (nine of 13), and @entity175 (six of 13). Keratins were expressed in 11 of 13 @entity5 , and while specific keratins (K5, K7, K16/K17) decreased, there was an increase of @entity2277 in the @entity5 cells. @entity6501 immunoreactivity was detectable in a small number of @entity5 (five of 13). BEAS-2B cells transfected with the @entity17147 and @entity517 protooncogenes and cell lines established from the primary @entity5 expressed major histocompatibility Class II antigen which has been found on @entity151 cells. The @entity5 induced by the @entity17147 and @entity517 protooncogenes resemble the multidifferentiated phenotype of @entity151 frequently detected in vivo and present a defined model to study the relation between molecular markers, phenotypical appearance, and response to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

title: XXXX bronchial epithelial cells transformed by the c-raf-1 and @entity517 protooncogenes induce multidifferentiated carcinomas in nude mice: a model for lung carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity6501 :: ('2922', 'Gene') :: ['Gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: To explore the possibility that deregulated HOX gene expression might commonly occur during leukemic hematopoiesis, we compared the relative levels of expression of these and related genes in phenotypically and functionally defined subpopulations of @entity3052 blasts and normal hematopoietic cells. Initially, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to amplify total cDNA from total leukemic blast cell populations from 20 @entity3052 @entity1 and light density cells from four normal bone marrows. Expression of HOX genes ( @entity44996 , @entity23503 and @entity11626 was easily detected in the majority of @entity3052 samples with the exception of two samples from @entity1 with @entity2799 (which expressed only @entity11626 ). Low levels of @entity29475 and A10 but not B3 or B4 were seen in normal marrow while @entity11626 was easily detected. PBX1a was difficult to detect in any @entity3052 sample but was seen in three of four normal marrows. Cells from nine @entity3052 @entity1 and five normal bone marrows were FACS-sorted into @entity2280 + @entity3053 -, @entity2280 + @entity3053 + and @entity2280 -subpopulations, analyzed for their functional properties in long-term culture (LTC) and colony assays, and for gene expression using RT-PCR. 93 +/- 14% of @entity3052 LTC-initiating cells, 92 +/- 14% @entity3052 colony-forming cells, and >99% of normal LTC-IC and CFC were @entity2280 +. The relative level of expression of the four HOX genes in amplified cDNA from @entity2280 - as compared to @entity2280 + @entity3053 - normal cells was reduced >10-fold. However, in @entity3052 samples this down-regulation in HOX expression in @entity2280 - as compared to @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells was not seen (P < 0.05 for comparison between @entity3052 and normal). A similar difference between normal and @entity3052 subpopulations was seen when the relative levels of expression of @entity23503 , and to a lesser extent @entity11626 , were compared in @entity2280 + and @entity2280 - cells (P < 0.05). In contrast, while some evidence of down-regulation of PBX1a was found in comparing @entity2280 - to @entity2280 + normal cells it was difficult to detect expression of this gene in any subpopulation from most @entity3052 samples. Thus, the down-regulation of HOX, @entity23503 and to some extent @entity11626 which occurs with normal hematopoietic differentiation is not seen in @entity3052 cells with similar functional and phenotypic properties.

title: Expression of HOX genes, HOX cofactors, and XXXX in phenotypically and functionally defined subpopulations of leukemic and normal @entity1 hematopoietic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['AML subtype M3']

answer: @entity11626 :: (4297,Gene) :: ['MLL']


abstract: Fatigue in muscles that shorten might have other causes than @entity1295 during isometric contractions, since both cross-bridge cycling and energy demand are different in the two exercise modes. While isometric contractions are extensively studied, the causes of @entity1295 in shortening contractions are poorly mapped. Here, we investigate @entity1295 mechanisms during shortening contractions in @entity121 in near physiological conditions. Fatigue was induced in @entity35 soleus muscles with maintained blood supply by in situ shortening contractions at 37  C. Muscles were stimulated repeatedly (1 s on/off at 30 Hz) for 15 min against a constant load, allowing the muscle to shorten and perform work. Fatigue and subsequent recovery was examined at 20 s, 100 s and 15 min exercise. The effects of prior exercise were investigated in a second exercise bout. Fatigue developed in three distinct phases. During the first 20 s the regulatory protein @entity42120 (slow isoform, MLC-2s) was rapidly dephosphorylated in parallel with reduced rate of force development and reduced shortening. In the second phase there was degradation of high-energy phosphates and accumulation of @entity880 , and these changes were related to slowing of muscle relengthening and relaxation, culminating at 100 s exercise. Slowing of relaxation was also associated with increased leak of @entity460 from the SR. During the third phase of exercise there was restoration of high-energy phosphates and elimination of @entity880 , and the slowing of relaxation disappeared, whereas dephosphorylation of @entity42120 s and reduced shortening prevailed. Prior exercise improved relaxation parameters in a subsequent exercise bout, and we propose that this effect is a result of less accumulation of @entity880 due to more rapid onset of oxidative metabolism. The correlation between dephosphorylation of @entity42120 s and reduced shortening was confirmed in various experimental settings, and we suggest @entity42120 s as an important regulator of muscle shortening.

title: Multiple causes of @entity1295 during shortening contractions in @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['slow twitch skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['slow twitch skeletal muscle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity4549 and lagophthalmos may experience @entity1036 and may pose a functional and aesthetic surgical challenge. Various methods are used to reduce the vertical palpebral aperture, including lateral tarsal strip (LTS) or a lateral tarsorrhaphy. We modified the LTS to differentially shorten and elevate the lower lid more than the upper: an augmented LTS tarsorrhaphy (aug-LTS-T). This study aimed to evaluate the technique. DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative surgical trial in which preoperative and postoperative symptoms, margin reflex distances, vertical palpebral aperture (PA), lagophthalmos, and corneal findings were recorded. The data were analyzed at 6 months after surgery using the Wilcoxon sign-rank test for nonparametric data. @entity1 : Fourteen consecutive adult @entity1 (15 eyelids) with @entity102 and @entity4549 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent aug-LTS-T. This consisted of a long strip (10-15 mm) that is attached to the outer temporal orbital rim, at a point higher than a conventional LTS. It included removal of a small part of the upper eyelid anterior lamella laterally to pass the long strip up high enough. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement of symptoms, reduction of lower margin reflex distance, lagophthalmos, and improvement of corneal signs. RESULTS: Minimum follow-up was 6 months. There was a significant reduction in PA (P = 0.005) and lagophthalmos (P = 0.0002) with improvement of corneal signs (14 of 15 eyelids = 93%). Surgery was successful anatomically in 14 of 15 eyelids (93%) with low morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the augmented LTS tarsorrhaphy and find it effective in the treatment of severe @entity4549 resulting from @entity3541 .

title: A useful augmented lateral tarsal strip tarsorrhaphy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lagophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['lower eyelid ectropion', 'paralytic ectropion']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity4549 :: (MESH:D004483,Disease) :: ['paralytic ectropion']


abstract: Restricted diffusion is noted in a large number of non- @entity64 conditions including @entity6551 . The purpose of this study was to demonstrate spectrum of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) @entity6551 and @entity378 and to distinguish these from degenerating @entity6583 . Seventy @entity6551 and @entity378 in 30 @entity1 were categorized in three groups depending on the intensity in the core of the lesion on T2 weighted images. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated from the core as well as from the wall of the lesions. Forty-five lesions of @entity6583 in different stage of evolution in 12 @entity1 were also included for comparison. The mean ADC value from the core of the T2 hypointense lesions was significantly higher compared to the wall ((1.24+/-0.32)x10(-3) and (1.06+/-0.15)x10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively), while mean ADC value from the core of mildly T2 hyperintense lesions was significantly lower compared to the wall ((0.80+/-0.08)x10(-3) and (1.08+/-0.13)x10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively). Truly T2 hyperintense lesions were divided into two subgroups, @entity6551 and @entity378 ; ADC values from the core and the wall of these lesions were (0.74+/-0.13)x10(-3), (0.61+/-0.08)x10(-3) and (1.03+/-0.14)x10(-3), (1.08+/-0.14)x10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively, and was significantly lower in core as compared to the wall. However, there was no significant difference between ADC values of the @entity378 and the hyperintense @entity6551 . Vesicular and degenerating stages of cysticercus cysts from the core showed ADC values of (1.66+/-0.29)x10(-3) and (1.51+/-0.23)x10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively, and were significantly higher than the core of all groups of @entity6551 and @entity378 . We conclude that addition of DWI to routine imaging protocol may help in differentiation of @entity66 from degenerating cysticercus @entity738 .

title: Role of diffusion weighted imaging in differentiation of intracranial tuberculoma and XXXX from cysticercus @entity738 -a report of more than 100 lesions.

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas', 'abnormalities in tuberculomas', 'tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous abscess', 'tuberculous abscesses']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous abscess']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the late 1960s, the management of @entity364 was a serious unresolved problem. Little was known of the epidemiology of the disease, and there were no antifungal agents formulated for use in the eye. METHODS: A thorough review of the literature was done back to 1969 on clinical reports and experimental studies for keratomycosis and @entity19415 . RESULTS: Since 1969, through basic and clinical research, the epidemiology of the disease worldwide is better understood. One new topical antifungal agent, @entity5896 , with efficacy against @entity121 has been developed and the pharmacokinetics of topically applied antifungal drops have been explored. Progress has been slow but the prognosis for keratomycosis has immeasurably improved over the period. Acanthamoeba was first recognized as an ocular pathogen in 1973 and was the cause of an epidemic in the 1980s caused by contaminated contact lens, although other risk factors were also identified. At the onset of the epidemic, there was no known treatment. but as a result of intense research efforts, within a few years a well-defined therapeutic approach had been developed that had a significant impact on the prognosis for this initially devastating @entity281 . For both @entity281 , the role of corticosteroids for controlling the @entity32 remains controversial, but the place for keratoplasty is now well defined. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been steady progress in the management of both @entity281 , continued research is the way to define more effective medical and surgical therapy.

title: Advances in the management of keratomycosis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['filamentous fungi']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We are in the era of rapid aging of the global population. Elderly @entity748 @entity1 have an increased frequency of hospitalization and a high mortality rate. In this review, we focus on comorbidities and treatment issues in terms of the predictors of @entity565 control in the elderly. RECENT FINDINGS: Some frequent comorbidities, such as @entity1030 , chronic @entity1244 , @entity28 , and @entity308 , are associated with uncontrolled @entity565 in elderly @entity748 @entity1 . Smoking status in elderly @entity748 @entity1 was associated with more frequent exacerbations. Management of comorbidities should be taken into account when we treat elderly @entity748 @entity1 . Low treatment adherence, which is common in elderly @entity748 @entity1 , predicts poor @entity565 control status. A poor knowledge about @entity73 , and inappropriate inhaler technique result in low treatment adherence. Polypharmacy is associated with low treatment adherence, adverse drug reactions, and drug-drug interactions, and it is supposed to be a predictor of @entity565 control. SUMMARY: Multifactorial assessments, including comorbidities, treatment adherence, and polypharmacy, are important for better @entity565 control in elderly @entity748 @entity1 . Further studies on the strategy for the management of elderly @entity748 @entity1 in a real-world setting are warranted.

title: Predictors of XXXX control in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['asthma, cognitive function impairment']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between anti- @entity5 immune response and @entity792 elicited by adenovirus-mediated xenogeneic @entity320 -related antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 ( @entity22920 ). METHODS: @entity19 divided into three groups were intradermally immunized by dl 70-3 (control group), Ad @entity22920 , and Ad @entity22920 respectively. Analysis of the killing activity and production of @entity60 of @entity5 -specific cytotoxia T lymphocytes (CTL) from the C57BL/6 @entity19 (3 @entity19 per group) immunized with adenoviral vector encoding @entity1 or @entity19 @entity22920 (Ad @entity22920 or Ad @entity41258 ) were made using in vivo CTL and intracellular staining of @entity60 respectively. Additionally, the survival of @entity19 (10 @entity19 per group) immunized with Ad @entity22920 or Ad @entity41258 was checked after the subcutaneous inoculation with @entity19 @entity320 @entity19 cells. RESULTS: The CTL lysis activity elicited by Ad @entity22920 was related to the duration of immunization, which increased up to peak one week after the immunization and subsequently decreased. Moreover, the Ad @entity22920 -elicited CTL lysis was dose-dependent. The 6 h CTL killing and spleen @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells in total CD8(+) T cells by one week's immunization with Ad @entity22920 were 94% +/- 5% and 0.87% +/- 0.12%, respectively, whereas the 6 h CTL killing and spleen @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells by Ad @entity41258 were 22% +/- 8% and 0.15% +/- 0.05% respectively. On the other hand, 80%of the @entity19 inoculated with 1 x 10(6) @entity19 cells a week after the immunization with Ad @entity22920 were @entity5 -free for three months, but companied by formation of vitiligo in the Ad injection sites. However, only 20% of the Ad @entity41258 -immunized @entity19 inoculated with 1 x 10(5) @entity19 cells survived, and no vitiligo was formatted. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus-mediated xenogeneic @entity320 -related antigen @entity22920 effectively breaks immune tolerance, thus inducing strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response, simultaneously companied by obvious @entity792 .

title: [Xenogeneic XXXX -related antigen elicits anti- @entity5 immune response, companied by @entity792 ].

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN) gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune injury']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity2316 among urban Asian-Indian type 2 @entity6 subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 subjects (n = 1,716), inclusive of known @entity6 subjects ( @entity573 subjects) (1,363 of 1,529; response rate 89.1%) and randomly selected newly diagnosed @entity6 subjects (NDD subjects) (n = 353) were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). Microalbuminuria was estimated by immunoturbidometric assay and diagnosed if albumin excretion was between 30 and 299 microg/mg of @entity1011 , and overt @entity8 was diagnosed if albumin excretion was > or = 300 microg/mg of @entity1011 in the presence of @entity6 , which was assessed by stereoscopic retinal color photography. RESULTS: The prevalence of overt @entity8 was 2.2% (95% CI 1.51-2.91). Microalbuminuria was present in 26.9% (24.8-28.9). Compared with the NDD subjects, @entity573 subjects had greater prevalence rates of both microalbuminuria with @entity989 and overt @entity8 (8.4 vs. 1.4%, P < 0.001; and 2.6 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.043, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity3916 (odds ratio 1.325 [95% CI 1.256-1.399], P < 0.001), smoking (odds ratio 1.464, P = 0.011), duration of @entity6 (1.023, P = 0.046), systolic blood pressure (1.020, P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (1.016, P = 0.022) were associated with microalbuminuria. @entity3916 (1.483, P < 0.0001), duration of @entity6 (1.073, P = 0.003), and systolic blood pressure (1.031, P = 0.004) were associated with overt @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that in urban Asian Indians, the prevalence of overt @entity8 and microalbuminuria was 2.2 and 26.9%, respectively. Duration of @entity6 , @entity3916 , and systolic blood pressure were the common risk factors for overt @entity8 and microalbuminuria.

title: Prevalence and risk factors of XXXX in an urban South Indian population: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES 45).

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) is a peptidergic neurotransmitter and a vasodilator with positive inotropic and chronotropic properties. Whether and how @entity3549 contributes to the neuroendocrine response in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is disputed, and there are no data on @entity3549 in pressure overload-induced @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 129 adults with isolated @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Blood was sampled from the aortic root and, in a subset of 48 @entity1 , also from the coronary sinus for determination of @entity3549 by radioimmunoassay. @entity712 was diagnosed according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria. RESULTS: Plasma @entity3549 (mean+/-S.E.M.) was slightly higher in @entity1 with @entity712 (22.6+/-0.9 pmol/l, n=41) than in @entity1 free of @entity712 (21.1+/-0.5 pmol/l, n=88) or in 11 control @entity1 without structural @entity299 (20.0+/-1.3 pmol/l, n=11) (p=0.030 across the groups). @entity3549 did not correlate with any measurement of cardiac structure or function in @entity472 . The change in plasma @entity3549 from aortic root to coronary sinus averaged +1.2+/-0.4 pmol/l in the 11 control @entity1 (p=0.021), +1.2+/-0.2 pmol/l in 33 @entity472 @entity1 free of @entity712 (p<0.001) and +0.8+/-0.3 pmol/l in 15 @entity472 @entity1 with @entity712 (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Both structurally normal and diseased hearts release @entity3549 into the coronary sinus. Although marginally elevated in the systemic circulation, @entity3549 is unlikely to contribute significantly to the neuroendocrine activation in @entity712 due to pressure overload.

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide--release from the heart and response in XXXX due to left ventricular pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the use of various strategies for the prevention of @entity2759 , @entity451 and @entity1746 continue to occur after @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair. Although cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) is often used as an adjunct for spinal cord protection, its benefit remains unproven. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of CSFD on the incidence of @entity1566 after extensive @entity2334 repair. METHODS: After randomization, 145 @entity1 underwent extent I or II @entity2334 repairs with a consistent strategy of moderate heparinization, permissive mild @entity2332 , left heart bypass, and reattachment of patent critical intercostal arteries. The repairs were performed with CSFD (n = 76) or without CSFD (n = 69). In the former group, CSFD was initiated during the operation and continued for 48 hours after surgery. The target CSF pressure was 10 mm Hg or less. RESULTS: The two groups had similar risk factors for @entity451 . Aortic clamp time, left heart bypass time, and number of reattached intercostal arteries were also similar in both groups. Thirty-day mortality rates were 5.3% (four @entity1 ) and 2.9% (two @entity1 ) for CSFD and control groups, respectively (P =.68). Nine @entity1 (13.0%) in the control group had @entity451 or @entity1746 develop. In contrast, only two @entity1 in the CSFD group (2.6%) had deficits develop (P =.03). No @entity1 with CSFD had immediate @entity451 . Overall, CSFD resulted in an 80% reduction in the relative risk of @entity86 . CONCLUSION: Perioperative CSFD reduces the rate of @entity451 after repair of extent I and II TAAAs.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage reduces @entity451 after XXXX repair: results of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the association of the @entity26940 ) polymorphism with @entity1186 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) in autopsied victims of @entity944 . BACKGROUND: @entity1164 is one of the leading symptoms of @entity301 in early middle age. Platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptors play a key role in @entity1186 and @entity583 . @entity26940 ) polymorphism of the gene for @entity1428 has been previously studied in hospital @entity583 @entity1 . Significance of the @entity16979 /A2) polymorphism in victims of @entity1164 is not known. METHODS: The @entity26940 ) polymorphism was studied in the Helsinki @entity944 Study comprising 700 autopsied middle-aged white Finnish @entity1 (33 to 70 years, mean 53 years) who suffered sudden or violent out-of-hospital death. RESULTS: Prevalence of the A2 allele decreased with age in the series. This decrease was observed among victims of @entity1164 (n = 281) but not in @entity1 who died violently (n = 258) or of other diseases (n = 127). Of @entity1164 victims below 50 years, 39.7% were carriers of the A2 allele compared with 28.3% among @entity1 under 50 who died of other causes (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, p = 0.01). @entity1 with acute fatal @entity1186 (n = 39) were more often (OR 3.4, p < 0.01) carriers of the A2 allele than were @entity1 (n = 242) with @entity1164 in the absence of acute @entity1186 (48.7% vs. 24.4%, respectively). In addition, @entity1 with @entity583 and recent or old @entity715 (n = 67) were more often (OR 3.6, p = 0.005) carriers of the A2 allele than were @entity1 (n = 123) with @entity583 in the absence of @entity715 (44.8% vs. 20.3%, respectively). These associations were especially strong in @entity1 under 60. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the A2 allele of the @entity26940 ) polymorphism of @entity1428 is a major risk factor of @entity1186 and may be one important predictor of @entity1164 in early middle age.

title: Glycoprotein IIIa @entity26940 ) polymorphism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden Death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A chylothorax is a rare complication of mostly advanced @entity706 . A case of a refractory chylothorax unresponsive to chemotherapy and successfully treated with radiotherapy is reported. CASE REPORT: A 45-year-old @entity1 with recurrent stage IV low-grade follicular @entity1893 and a progressive chylothorax is described. The CT scans showed bulky @entity3329 at the thoracic trunk but no detectable enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. After ineffective pretreatment including chemotherapy and chest drainage, fractionated radiotherapy to the celiac trunk (20.4 Gy) and the thoracic duct (15 Gy) was performed. RESULT: Already after 7.5 Gy a rapid decline of chylothorax was noted and the chest drain could be removed. A complete remission of the chylothorax could be achieved after 20.4 Gy. During a follow-up of 16 months no recurrence of chylothorax occurred. CT scans showed nearly complete remission of the @entity3329 of the celiac trunk 12 months after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy with limited total doses is an effective treatment option for @entity706 -associated chylothorax and should always be taken into consideration, especially in cases unresponsive to chemotherapy.

title: Complete remission of a XXXX -associated chylothorax by radiotherapy of the celiac trunk and thoracic duct.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain estimates of direct health care costs for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) from diagnosis to @entity204 to inform state transition models. METHODS: A stratified random sample of @entity263 @entity1 residing in 3 geographically diverse regions of Ontario, Canada, and diagnosed in 1993-1994, 1997-1998, and 2001-2002, was selected from the Ontario @entity5 Registry. We retrieved @entity1 ' pathology reports to identify referring physicians and contacted surviving @entity1 and next of kin of deceased @entity1 for informed consent. We reviewed clinic charts to obtain data required to allocate each @entity1 's observation time to 11 @entity263 -specific health states. We linked these data to health care administrative databases to calculate resource use and costs (Canadian dollars, 2008) per health state. A multivariable mixed-effects model determined predictors of costs. RESULTS: The final sample numbered 829 @entity1 . In the regression model, total direct costs increased with age, comorbidity, and Gleason score (all P < 0.0001). Radical prostatectomy was the most costly primary treatment health state ( 4676 per 100 days). Radical prostatectomy, hormone-refractory metastatic disease ( 6398 per 100 days), and final (predeath) ( 13,739 per 100 days) health states were significantly more costly (P < 0.05) than nontreated nonmetastatic @entity263 ( 3440 per 100 days), whereas the postprostatectomy ( 732 per 100 days) and postradiation ( 1556 per 100 days) states cost significantly less (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study used an innovative but labor-intensive approach linking chart and administrative data to estimate health care costs. Researchers should weigh the potential benefits of this method against what is involved in implementation. Modifications in methodology may achieve similar gains with less outlay in individual studies. However, we believe that this is a promising approach for researchers wishing to advance the quality of costing in state transition modeling.

title: Health care costs for state transition models in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity1282 is an important yet inconsistently recognized symptom of @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ). It can be disabling and potentially life-threatening. We studied the prevalence and symptom-sign correlation of @entity1282 . Fifty-seven @entity5589 @entity1 were interviewed using a standard questionnaire for @entity1282 and 43 of these underwent swallowing videofluoroscopy (VFS). Symptoms of @entity1282 were present in 37 of 57 @entity1 (65%). Nevertheless, only 17 of these @entity1 (46%) had previously and spontaneously complained about swallowing to their physicians. Both symptoms of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) (59%) and aspiration-related symptoms (52%) were frequently mentioned. @entity4939 on VFS were present in 34 of 43 @entity1 (79%) with @entity73 of the bolus in 77% of this group. The reported feeling of @entity73 was confirmed by VFS in 92% of these @entity1 . @entity1282 in @entity5589 is common but underreported by the vast majority of @entity1 if not specifically asked for. In practice, two questions reliably predict the presence of @entity73 on VFS: 'Does food get stuck in your throat' and 'Do you have to swallow repeatedly in order to get rid of food'. These questions are an appropriate means in selecting @entity5589 @entity1 for further investigation through VFS and eventual treatment.

title: Detecting XXXX in @entity5589 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'impaired propulsion']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['Swallowing abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['inclusion body myositis', 'IBM']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: @entity49233 is not uncommon in the adult population but is rarely seen in @entity1 ; only 20 cases have been reported in the pediatric population. In this paper we describe two cases of @entity2910 in female @entity1 aged 6 and 13 years and review previous reports. Several differences were noted between the pediatric and adult population. The mean age in @entity1 is 14 years (range, 4 to 20 years). @entity2909 appears 1.71 times more often in females than in males. Localized lesions are found in only 9%, whereas the diffuse form predominates in 91%. The entire esophagus may be involved 35% of the time, and encroachment on the @entity418 or upper stomach occurs in 70%. @entity2909 associated with familial syndromes ( @entity2909 and @entity3686 ) occur in 22% of the cases. Major symptoms include @entity1282 (86%), @entity1353 (36%), @entity391 (27%), @entity158 (27%), and coughing (22%). The initial diagnosis following contrast studies is most often @entity1318 . The diagnosis of @entity2909 is made only with subsequent endoscopy. Enucleation was performed in only 11% of the cases; surgical resection (including part of the stomach) was necessary in 78% with a 21% postoperative mortality. @entity2910 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses and @entity2910 . Accurate preoperative diagnosis is desirable in order to plan proper surgical treatment.

title: @entity2910 in XXXX : two case reports and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity49233 :: ('MESH:C537006', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal leiomyoma', 'esophageal obstruction', 'esophageal leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyomas', 'Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma', 'familial leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Ultrasound therapy, as a non-invasive modality, has been attracting extensive attention in the management of @entity5 . The present study aimed to investigate low-intensity ultrasound-induced cellular destruction and autophagy in @entity189 cells in vitro. @entity189 CNE2 cells were subjected to ultrasound exposure, as @entity5 model cells, at an intensity of 1.35 W/cm(2). @entity137 was investigated 24 h after ultrasound treatment. Nuclear damage was observed using nuclear staining with @entity2455 . Mitochondrial dysfunction was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy with @entity3514 staining. Mitochondrial morphology and autophagy were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Low-intensity ultrasound significantly killed CNE2 cells proportional to the ultrasonic treatment time. Upon nuclear staining, nuclear condensation and typical apoptotic bodies were noted in the CNE2 cells exposed to ultrasound wave for 12 sec. A collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential was noted in the treated cells. Upon TEM, swollen mitochondria, more vacuoles and autophagy were noted after ultrasound treatment. Our findings demonstrate that low-intensity ultrasound significantly damages CNE2 cells and emphasize that autophagy may be an important event in ultrasound-induced cell death.

title: Low-intensity ultrasound-induced cellular destruction and autophagy of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine123']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of plaque accumulation in conjunction with or without placement of plaque-retaining ligatures on peri-implant and periodontal tissues. Four @entity5434 received 2 ITI (Type F) dental implants in edentulous areas of each side of the mandible. Following a healing period of 2 months with regular prophylaxis procedures twice per week, plaque was allowed to accumulate. After 1 month (day 0), silk ligatures were placed around 1 of the 2 implants. The third molars served as controls and were ligated as well. Clinical examinations comprising Plaque Index ( @entity19607 ), Gingival Index (GI), @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and loss of attachment (LA) were performed at the test and control sites before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 months after ligature placement. Sixty and 30 days prior to ligation and at 2, 5, 6 and 8 months following ligation, standardized radiographs were obtained and subtracted from a baseline radiograph obtained at the time of ligation. @entity19607 and GI scores increased significantly following the elimination of prophylaxis procedures. After ligation, these indices continued to increase and reached values significantly higher in @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and ligated teeth (LT) sites than in non-ligated teeth (NLI) sites. @entity92 also increased after plawue accumulation and ligature placement. Significantly greater @entity92 values were noted in @entity737 and LT sites than in NLI sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ligature-induced @entity737 in XXXX . I. Clinical and radiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'ligated implant']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: Situations such as the recovery from injury and illness can lead to enforced periods of muscle disuse or unloading. Such circumstances lead to rapid skeletal @entity2057 , loss of functional strength and a multitude of related negative health consequences. The elderly population is particularly vulnerable to the acute challenges of muscle disuse @entity194 . Any loss of skeletal muscle mass must be underpinned by a chronic imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates. It is recognized that @entity2057 during prolonged (>10 days) disuse is brought about primarily by declines in post-absorptive and post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates, without a clear contribution from changes in muscle protein breakdown. Few data are available on the impact of short-term disuse (<10 days) on muscle protein turnover in @entity1 . However, indirect evidence indicates that considerable @entity2057 occurs during this early phase, and is likely attributed to a rapid increase in muscle protein breakdown accompanied by the characteristic decline in muscle protein synthesis. Short-term disuse @entity194 is of particular relevance in the development of @entity6288 , as it has been suggested that successive short periods of muscle disuse, due to @entity130 , accumulate throughout an individual's lifespan and contributes considerably to the net @entity121 observed with aging. Research is warranted to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis for rapid @entity121 during short periods of disuse. Such mechanistic insight will allow the characterization of nutritional, exercise and/or pharmacological interventions to prevent or attenuate @entity121 during periods of disuse and therefore aid in the treatment of age-related @entity6288 .

title: Skeletal @entity2057 during short-term disuse: implications for age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sickness or injury']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['sarcopenia']


abstract: Between August 1996 and May 1998, a total of 62 @entity1 who had complicated urinary tract infections treated at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital were enrolled into this study. This prospective, randomized, open-labeled trial aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity13665 and @entity6727 , prescribed each at a dose of 200 mg twice daily, in treating complicated @entity293 . Seventeen @entity1 were later excluded from the analysis because of resistant pathogens (7 @entity1 ), uncomplicated @entity293 (6), initial culture negative for bacteria (3), and @entity884 (1). The remaining 45 @entity1 were categorized into @entity13665 (n=23; mean age, 71.3 years) and @entity6727 (n=22; mean age, 62.8 years) treatment groups. No significant difference in demographic data and clinical characteristics was found between the 2 groups. The clinical efficacy rate (78.3% vs 77.3%, p=0.9) and bacteriological eradication rate (52.2% vs 63.6%, p=0.08) were similar between the @entity13665 and the @entity6727 group. Adverse effects caused by @entity13665 treatment included @entity294 and slight elevation of the serum level of liver transaminase in 2 (6.5%) @entity1 . Those caused by @entity6727 treatment included slight elevation of serum level of liver transaminase in 2 (6.5%) @entity1 and @entity1910 in 1 (3.2%) @entity1 . All of these adverse effects resolved quickly after the regimen had been completed, and no @entity1 discontinued the regimen because of the adverse effects. The results suggest that oral administration of @entity13665 200 mg twice daily is as effective and safe as oral administration of @entity6727 200 mg twice daily in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: Comparative study of @entity13665 and XXXX in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13665 :: ('MESH:C054360', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftibuten']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity6727 :: (MESH:D020682,Chemical) :: ['cefixime']


abstract: Reported herein is a case of @entity359 associated with @entity527 , masquerading as well-differentiated @entity1821 . A 16 x 13 cm @entity5 was resected from the perirenal retroperitoneum of a 71-year-old @entity1 . Microscopically, the @entity5 was exclusively composed of mature adipose tissue and abnormal thick blood vessels, but bundles of smooth muscle were lacking. In addition, amyloid was deposited between fat cells. Initially, well-differentiated @entity1821 was highly suspected. However, there were a few epithelioid cells with clear vacuolated cytoplasm within the vessel walls, which were immunoreactive for smooth muscle markers and HMB-45. Real-time polymerase chain reaction failed to demonstrate the amplification of the @entity19 double-minute type 2 gene and @entity11953 gene in this @entity5 . Therefore, the @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity359 . After the diagnosis, it was found that the @entity1 had multiple @entity1582 and @entity299 , suggesting that the @entity5 was a complication of the @entity1582 . @entity359 may be a diagnostic pitfall of retroperitoneal @entity5 .

title: Retroperitoneal XXXX associated with @entity527 masquerading as well-differentiated @entity1821 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'tumor', 'amyloid deposition within the tumor', 'lipomatous tumor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma', 'Lipomatous angiomyolipoma', 'lipomatous angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['lipomatous angiomyolipoma']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity99 in South-Sardinia was determined in two samples of students in 1987 and 1988. In this paper we present the results of a seroepidemiologic survey covering a population of workers who were residents of the city of Cagliari or its suburbs. A sample of 299 workers was randomly drawn from a population of workers who went to the public health office to ask for a certificate of good health. A radioimmunoassay test (ABBOTT) was used for detection of anti-HAV. The analysis has been carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. We also study a sample of 323 students 14-19 years old. The age-specific prevalence was analyzed using an exponential model. The age is denoted by the variable x. The parameter h is the force of @entity281 , the per capita rate at which susceptibles individuals acquire @entity281 . If we take the force of @entity281 as a constant, the fraction y of susceptibles in a population is y = exp (-h x) The anti-HAV prevalente increase with age: in workers 14-19 years of age 44 percent of the tested individuals were antibody positive. The prevalence was 82.7 percent in the population 25-29 years old. Finally we found a nearly total exposure to HAV in @entity1 over 30 years of age. The workers 14-19 years of age showed a higher prevalence than the students did; the difference was statistically significant. The prevalence that we have observed in our study population is lower the one observed in the city of Sassari (North-Sardinia) in 1981. The siero-epidemiological pattern is similar to that prevailing in Greece and France (1979), in Umbria (1978), in the city of Milan (1973). The prevalence was, on the contrary, higher than that observed in North European Countries (1979) and in Venetia (1987). The data from the study population can be fitted satisfactorily with the exponential model (R2 = 0.994). So we can take the force of @entity281 (h = -0.118, se = 0.005 as a constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Sardinia: prevalence of anti-HAV in a sample of workers required to obtain health certificates].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis A']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis A']


abstract: A prospective long-term follow-up study was performed with conventional divided doses (group C: 10 mg 3 times daily, N = 58) and a small single daily dose (group S: 15 mg once daily, N = 54) of @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) for the treatment of Graves' @entity1378 . Within 8 weeks, almost 80% of the @entity1 in both groups became euthyroid. The mean time required to achieve a euthyroid state was 5.6 +/- 2.7 weeks in group C and 5.8 +/- 3.1 in group S. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) levels before therapy were 44.2 +/- 22.7% and 47.1 +/- 23.9% in group C and group S, respectively. A similar gradual fall in TBII levels was observed in both groups over a two-year period of treatment. MMI doses were gradually reduced to a maintenance dose (5 mg daily) after the @entity1 became euthyroid. The @entity1 were treated for 28 +/- 9 months and were followed up after therapy was stopped (observation period in @entity1 who remained in remission was 12-130 (75 +/- 34) months and the interval to relapse in recurred cases was 1-98 (20 +/- 27) months). The rates of recurrence in group C were 41% at 1 yr, 54% at 2 yrs, 56% at 4 yrs and 61% at 6 yrs. In group S, these were 44%, 53%, 56% and 63%, respectively. No differences between relapse rates were observed with the two different dosage regimens. Adverse effects occurred more frequently in group C @entity1 (24%) than in group S @entity1 (13%). These results show that there is no difference in the clinical and immunological course or in the long-term remission rate of Graves' @entity1378 when the treatment is initiated with either a small single daily dose (15 mg) or the conventional regimen (10 mg 3 times daily).

title: Treatment of @entity1378 with a small single daily dose of XXXX : a prospective long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity3937 :: (MESH:D008713,Chemical) :: ['methimazole']


abstract: Objective To describe the clinical features of four @entity1 we encountered with post-radiation lower motor neuron syndromes and to review the related literature BACKGROUND.: Radiation therapy for @entity5 has been associated with a @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). The earliest descriptions date back to World War II. METHODS: We evaluated four @entity1 who developed a lower motor @entity528 several years after the completion of radiation therapy to treat @entity5 . The clinical and electrophysiological features of these @entity1 are described. RESULTS: Our @entity1 with @entity4681 developed @entity425 , @entity2057 , loss of reflexes, and @entity2901 in myotomal distributions that corresponded to the regions that had been exposed to radiation The mean time between radiation exposure and onset of motor symptoms was 14 years. Sensory symptoms were either absent or minor. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were normal or only mildly affected, Needle electromyography showed varying degrees of active and chronic denervation changes, primarily in the distributions that had received radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and myelography were unremarkable. Serum @entity908 kinase levels were elevated in two @entity1 . The @entity1 followed a stable to slowly progressive course at a mean follow up of 6.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: . @entity1 presenting with lower motor neuron syndromes should be questioned about prior radiation exposure. A diagnosis of @entity4681 carries a relatively favorable prognosis when compared with @entity746 , another acquired @entity4681 .

title: Post-radiation lower motor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['PRLMNS', 'motor neuron disorder', 'post-radiation lower motor neuron syndrome']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron syndrome']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuron syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on recent advances in the diagnostic approaches and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity5108 . We also discuss the emerging therapies for this @entity16 . RECENT FINDINGS: To date, numerous genes are implicated in CMT, and new genes have recently been found to be associated with this @entity16 ( @entity50944 , @entity32879 , etc.). Some specific or evocative clinical signs of CMT subtypes ( @entity644 with @entity50944 mutations, etc.) have been identified. Characteristic pathological findings, which may suggest gene mutations, are also recognized by nerve biopsy (mainly ultrastructural lesions). SUMMARY: CMT disease is the most common @entity74 , with a fairly homogeneous clinical phenotype (progressive @entity425 and @entity194 , @entity5109 , distal sensory loss, and @entity308 tendon reflexes). With more than 40 genes implicated, an update of the present and rather confusing classification of CMT is needed. Over the last few years, new mutated genes have been discovered. Although nerve biopsy is not routinely carried out in CMT @entity16 , it may show characteristic features, which can orientate the search for the mutated gene. There are currently no effective medications for CMT, but clinical trials are ongoing or planned.

title: The various XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'hereditary neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['distal muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neuromuscular disorder']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Generic drugs are less expensive than their branded equivalents, but receive limited promotion. This study sought to examine how user rates of individual selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) changed after the introduction of their generic equivalents. METHOD: Administrative health and census data were used to examine the rates of use of all 6 SSRIs from 1996 to 2009 in the province of Manitoba (population of 1.2 million). The primary outcome measure was a comparison of the rates of use in the pre- and post-generic periods, using generalized estimating equations. Secondary analyses were stratified by specialty of physician prescriber. RESULTS: Escalating rates of use of branded SSRIs in the pre-generic period significantly decreased after generic versions became available (all Ps < 0.001). Incident use of @entity3756 and @entity903 continued to decrease throughout the post-generic period (1.5% and 1.9% quarterly decreasing rates, respectively). During the years when generic @entity3756 , @entity905 , and @entity3755 were available, their use declined while branded @entity903 and @entity837 use continued to increase. Use of branded @entity837 , @entity3756 , and @entity903 prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) increased at rates significantly higher than when prescribed by psychiatrists (all Ps < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The introduction of cheaper generic alternatives of SSRIs paradoxically resulted in their use diminishing rather than increasing. With the exception of @entity837 , branded SSRIs tended to be preferentially used, compared with available less expensive generic SSRIs. These patterns were more pronounced for prescriptions by GPs.

title: A population-based study of the use of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors before and after introduction of generic equivalents.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 0.5% and 2% of surgical @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia may experience awareness with explicit recall. These @entity1 are at a risk for developing @entity148 which may be transient or can lead to @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). AIM: The aim of this review was to assess the prevalence of @entity1005 after @entity3596 and analyze @entity1 ' complaints, type and timing of assessment used. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library were searched up until October 2012. Prospective and retrospective studies on @entity1 adult subjects describing prevalence of @entity1005 and/or @entity458 after awareness episodes were included. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified. Prevalence of @entity1005 ranged from 0 to 71%. Acute emotions such as fear, @entity4697 , inability to communicate and feeling of helplessness were the only @entity1 ' complaints that were significantly correlated to psychological sequelae including PTDS. There were cases that reported @entity1109 after 2-6 hours from awakening (%) or 30 days after (%). Previous studies used psychological scales lacking of dissociation assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Whenever an awareness episode is suspected, a psychological assessment with at least three interviews at 2-6 h, 2-36 h and 30 days must be performed in order to collect symptoms associated with both early and delayed retrieval of traumatic event. As a dissociative state could hide the expression of reactive symptoms after intraoperative awareness, future studies should be focused on detecting dissociative symptoms in order to carry out a prompt and appropriate treatment aimed at avoiding long-term @entity717 .

title: Update on XXXX after anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological sequalae']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative awareness episodes']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disability']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition, which affects the gastrointestinal tract and has no curative treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of @entity12098 alone and in combination with @entity3378 in @entity10776 ( @entity1959 )-induced @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: A total of 36 animals were included in the study. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 6): group I--vehicle ( @entity1068 ), group II-- @entity10776 + @entity1068 , group IIIA-- @entity10776 + @entity12098 (15 mg/kg), group IIIB-- @entity10776 + @entity12098 (30 mg/kg), group IV-- @entity10776 + @entity3378 (360 mg/kg), group V-- @entity10776 + @entity3378 (360 mg/kg) + @entity12098 (least effective dose found in group III). Group III was divided into two subgroups, namely IIIA and IIIB, on the basis of different doses of @entity12098 used. After completion of two weeks of treatment, @entity35 were sacrificed under ether anesthesia by cervical dislocation for assessment of intestinal @entity32 , histological analysis, myeloperoxidase assay, @entity1234 assay and @entity1505 estimation. RESULTS: All the drug-treated groups showed both gross morphological and microscopic score either 1 or 2. None of them showed score of > 2 on both gross and microscopic morphological examination. Both @entity1865 levels and MPO activity were significantly reduced in the drug-treated groups, with maximum reduction seen in the combination group. @entity1505 was reduced in @entity12098 group. It was highly reduced in @entity3378 group (group V) as compared to @entity10776 group thereby indicating that @entity12098 is protective in @entity10776 -induced @entity29 . CONCLUSION: The present study showed reduction in lipid peroxidation, @entity1234 levels and @entity1505 levels in @entity12098 -treated group and hence, there was significant improvement in gross and microscopic features, too. However, combination of @entity12098 and @entity3378 has shown greater efficacy.

title: Comparative evaluation of different doses of PPAR-y agonist alone and in combination with XXXX in experimentally induced @entity29 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']