abstract: Using behavioral and physiological measures, we compared the rates of development and @entity4432 to @entity1068 (ET) and the severity of the @entity3347 . Male @entity35 were treated with 6, 9, or 12 g/kg/day ET or equicaloric dextrin maltose, delivered intragastrically. Although treatment duration varied, the total dose of ET was kept constant at 162 g/kg/ @entity35 for the three groups. The effects of a cumulative test dose of ET or equicaloric dextrin maltose, after exposure to a total of 0, 42, 83, 126, and 162 g/kg ET, and at 3, 5, and 7 days after termination of the chronic treatments, were evaluated on rectal temperature, dowel performance, and tail-flick and @entity427 responses. After the initial five tolerance tests, chronic treatments were discontinued and @entity35 were tested in a modified open-field apparatus and for their @entity427 response to an auditory stimulus at 8, 12, 16, 20, 32, and 40 h later. With all measures, little tolerance developed in the 6-g/kg/day group. On the other hand, development of chronic tolerance was fastest in @entity35 treated with the 12-g/kg/dose of ET. Chronic tolerance did not develop to ET's depressant effect on the @entity427 response. Acute tolerance declined with chronicity of treatment in animals given the largest daily dose of ET. During withdrawal, and in contrast to the dextrin maltose-treated animals, there was impairment in all measures taken during the modified open-field test and @entity56 of the @entity427 response for all three chronic ET-treated animals. Greatest @entity146 occurred in animals treated with 12 g/kg/day, and some impairment was still evident 40 h after the last dose of ET. Thus, the severity of the @entity3347 was greatest in the group displaying the most acute and chronic tolerance.

title: Daily dose of @entity1068 and the development and @entity4432 and physical dependence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairment']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['decay of acute and chronic tolerance']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the results of varus osteotomy of the proximal femur in adults with @entity14953 after @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and to evaluate the efficacy of this method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty hips in 28 @entity1 treated by proximal femoral varus osteotomy in the period from 1983 to 1990 were evaluated. The indication for surgery involved @entity14953 (145  -168  ) with grade I- III of @entity571 and mild @entity7195 . The @entity1 group comprised twenty six @entity1 and two @entity1 with an average age of 28 years (18 to 42) at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 22 years (19 to 26). The preoperative radiographic examination included an AP view of the pelvis, AP views of the hip in neutral and in frog-leg position and AP views of the hip in 30   of abduction and neutral rotation. Varus osteotomy was indicated when the best position of the hip joint was achieved in abduction. The procedure was performed according to M. M  ller. Hip assessment was based on the grade of @entity571 , @entity12740 angle, Wiberg angle and AHI index. The results were statistically evaluated using the life table analysis of clinical survivorship of osteotomy and the Kaplan- Meier curve. Clinical failure was defined as conversion of @entity572 (THR). RESULTS: At the latest follow-up of 22 years on the average, 18 @entity1 (19 hips) still had osteotomy and 10 @entity1 (11 hips) had undergone conversion to THR. The life table analysis showed the cumulative proportion of osteotomy with a clinical survivorship of 0.97 at 5 years, 0.75 at 10 and 15 years, and 0.68 at 20 and 25 years after surgery. The cumulative rate of clinical survivorship of osteotomy, as shown by the Kaplan-Meier curve, was 0.89 at 10 years, 0.75 at 20 years and 0.67 at 25 years after surgery. Nineteen @entity1 were satisfied with the osteotomy outcome. The median of Harris hip scores in the @entity1 with osteotomy was 48 points before surgery and 78 points at the latest follow-up. Conversion to THR in 10 @entity1 (11 hips) was done at an average of 12 years after osteotomy. The median values before surgery and at the latest follow-up were: @entity12740 angle, 158   and 118  ; Wiberg angle, 13   and 20  ; and AHI index, 56 % and 79 %, respectively. DISCUSSION: The prerequisite for a good result of proximal femoral varus osteotomy is the correct indication, i.e., younger age (18 to 30 years), a lower grade of @entity571 , @entity6348 and a spherical shape of the femoral head. A disadvantage of the procedure is a shortening of the limb. The best indication for femoral varus osteotomy is unilateral @entity14953 with a longer leg. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows favourable long-term results after isolated proximal femoral varus osteotomy in young adults with @entity572 . A good function had been preserved in 18 of 28 @entity572 @entity1 for an average of 22 years.

title: [Proximal femoral varus osteotomy in adults after XXXX : long-term results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6348 :: ('MESH:C535775', 'Disease') :: ['mild dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['DDH', 'osteotomy to total hip replacement', 'developmental dysplasia of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the most common forms of @entity5 in western industrialized countries. @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) have a poor prognosis and suffer many @entity5 -associated symptoms. Unfortunately, approximately 70% of @entity1 with @entity1149 present themselves with advanced @entity5 . In @entity1442 , treatment is palliative and symptom-oriented. New less Adenotoxic drugs are urgently needed. One of the targets of new agents is the @entity1 @entity470 ( @entity470 / @entity470 ), and agents targeting this receptor include @entity3866 , @entity4562 and cetuximab. CLINICAL STUDIES: @entity3866 , @entity4562 and cetuximab have been investigated in different clinical studies and provided objective responses and symptom relief. A benefit in survival could only be observed in second- and third-line therapy with @entity3866 . All new agents have been generally well tolerated. @entity3866 was recently approved in the USA and Europe for second- and third-line treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 . CONCLUSION: Anti- @entity470 has shown promising antitumor activity in @entity1149 with a mild @entity137 profile. However, some clinical issues such as screening for potentially responsive @entity1 and optimal combination with other drugs should be the aim of future studies.

title: [ @entity470 / XXXX inhibition: an example of new targeted therapies in @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'poor-prognosis stage III and IV disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor', 'HER1']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['HER1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The profound socioeconomic processes occurring in developing countries have been accompanied by the notable increase of overweight and @entity28 populations. This study for the first time investigates the impact of area-based socioeconomic status (SES) on adult overweight and @entity28 for both sexes of Han ethnicity in China. METHODS: We investigated 6,221 adult @entity1 of Han ethnicity from 18 geographic areas in China, and measured stature and weight for each @entity1 . The mean annual income per individual was chosen as the area-level SES index. We adopted logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship of area-level SES with overweight and @entity28 . RESULTS: The age-adjusted overweight and @entity28 prevalence was 32.46% for @entity1 and 29.27% for @entity1 respectively. Substantial area-level SES disparity in overweight and @entity28 risks for both sexes exist in China. The overweight and @entity28 prevalence rates increased with increasing SES levels in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 living in high SES areas as well as @entity1 living at the lowest SES areas were most likely to be at the highest risk of overweight and @entity28 in China. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Area-level socioeconomic disparities impact adult overweight and XXXX risks of han ethnicity in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS: Neoadjuvant treatment strategies have been developed to improve the survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Since @entity1 with major histopathological response are the ones who mainly benefit from this therapy, we are looking for causes of nonresponse. The multidrug resistance protein @entity1262 belongs to the @entity855 -binding cassette superfamily of membrane transporters. By exporting positively charged drugs it plays a role in the acquisition of resistance in anticancer therapy. We examined the @entity1262 gene polymorphism @entity18598 to predict response and prognosis to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 and 36 Gy) in locally advanced @entity418 @entity1 . MATERIALS _ METHODS: A total of 262 @entity1 (216 male; 46 female; median age: 62 years) with locally advanced @entity418 ( @entity1544 : n = 116, @entity420 : n = 146) were included in this study. All @entity1 received a neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (36.0 Gy, @entity1487 , @entity900 ) followed by surgery. Histomorphologic regression was classified according to the Cologne Regression Grade with major response being classifed as having less than 10% @entity5 cells (n = 107) and minor response when 10% or more @entity5 cells (n = 155) were detected in the surgical specimen. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of all study @entity1 . Allelic genotyping was performed for @entity1262 @entity18599 by real-time PCR using two allele-specific TaqMan(  ) probes in competition. Allelic genotyping was correlated with therapy response and prognosis. RESULTS: Allelic discrimination revealed a TT genotype in 27%, a CC in 19% and a CT genotype in 54% of the study @entity1 . This SNP was not predictive for response of the @entity5 to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The @entity1262 genotype CC was associated with lymph node formation (p = 0.012) and distant metastases (p = 0.019). @entity1 with a TT genotype exhibited a significantly less positive lymph node status (ypN1 35%) after chemoradiation compared with @entity1 with a CC (ypN1 = 60%) or CT (ypN1 = 46%) genotype. Moreover, @entity1 bearing the TT genotype exhibited no distant @entity3 , while five @entity1 with a CC and two @entity1 with CT genotype had distant metastases. In Kaplan-Meier curves, @entity420 @entity1 with a CC genotype showed a worse survival rate than @entity1 with TT or CT (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our data supports the impact of @entity1262 on effectiveness of @entity418 treatment. SNPs of @entity1262 could be helpful in predicting lymph node regression in the multimodality treatment of locally advanced @entity418 .

title: Impact of @entity1262 @entity18598 polymorphism on lymph node regression in multimodality treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 is the fifth leading cause of female @entity204 globally due to its low survival rates. Thus, improved approaches for @entity43 detection are urgently needed. MicroRNAs as a new class of biomarkers have been explored in recent studies. This study was trying to identify and validate the two kinds of serum microRNA ( @entity18076 and @entity18842 ) as biomarkers for @entity43 . We extracted serum samples from 74 @entity43 @entity1 , 19 borderline @entity43 , and 50 healthy controls. Relative expression of these miRNA markers were measured by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to validate the diagnostic value of @entity18076 and @entity18842 . Kaplan-Meier curve and the log-rank test were conducted to detect the prognostic value of @entity18076 and @entity18842 . @entity18076 and @entity18842 were significantly elevated in the @entity43 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. The relative expression level of @entity18076 showed a descending trend from early stages to advanced stages, while the level of @entity18842 displayed an escalating trend. @entity1 with high @entity18076 level achieved significantly a higher 2-year survival rate compared with the other group (P   <   0.001), while low @entity18842 group showed a significantly higher survival rate. The results of the current study suggested that serum @entity18076 and @entity18842 were able to discriminate the @entity43 @entity1 from healthy controls. In addition, @entity18076 and @entity18842 may be predictive biomarkers for @entity43 prognosis. Further large-scale studies are still needed to confirm our findings.

title: @entity18076 and microRNA-141 as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1459 ( @entity263 ) consists a strong clinical correlate to @entity63 preconditioning (PC) and seems to occur in a bimodal time course. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of both forms of PC on QTc value representing myocardial electric stability, in @entity1 with a first @entity583 . METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 , with first @entity583 and poor or no collateral development were enrolled in the study. QTc at admission and discharge were recorded. All @entity1 had comparable admission QTc values and were divided into three groups according to the absence or presence and exact timing of @entity1459 . The first group consisted of 20 @entity1 who did not report @entity263 ( @entity263 -, representing no PC effect); the second group of 12 @entity1 with reported @entity263 within 12 hours prior to admission (12h @entity263 +, representing the classic form of PC); and the third group of 16 @entity1 reporting @entity263 within 12 to 48 hours prior to admission (48-hour @entity263 +, representing the delayed form of PC). The primary outcome was determined as the effect of @entity263 on QTc value at discharge. RESULTS: Discharge QTc values were significantly reduced in both ( @entity263 +) groups compared to ( @entity263 -) group (412 +/- 50 vs. 455 +/- 53 ms, p = 0.015 and 417 +/- 29 vs. 455 +/- 53 ms, P = 0.033, respectively). Both groups of ( @entity263 +) @entity1 compared to ( @entity263 -) @entity1 suffered no arrhythmic events during their hospitalization (0/12 vs. 6/20, P = 0.04 and 0/16 vs. 6/20, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both forms of preconditioning, similarly and significantly reduce QTc value at discharge in @entity1 experiencing a first @entity583 , suggesting possible protection from future arrhythmic events.

title: Preconditioning reduces QTc value in XXXX with first @entity583 ( @entity583 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Preinfarction angina', 'preinfarction angina']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Knockdown of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a novel therapeutic strategy in treating @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We examined the effects of lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of @entity6438 short hairpin RNA gene (Lt.shTLR7) on @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). After being immunized on days 0 and 7, @entity35 received intra-articular (i.a.) injection of Lt.shTLR7 or scramble control vector on days 7 and 10. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring ankle circumferences, articular index, and radiographic and histological scores on killing on day 16. Microvessel densities, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) levels, pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and T-cell numbers within the synovial tissues were measured. Moreover, @entity7 and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in culture supernatants from @entity6438 -transfected synovial fibroblasts (SFs) stimulated with imiquimod or endogenous ligands were examined. There were significant reduction in ankle circumferences, articular indexes, and radiographic and histological scores. Microvessel densities, @entity7 concentrations, @entity1356 and @entity650 levels and T-cell densities within synovial tissues were significantly lower. Induction of @entity7 , @entity1356 and @entity650 production from stimulated SFs was significantly suppressed. Taken together, these data demonstrate the effects of i.a. lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of shTLR7 RNA gene on inhibition of @entity1753 , and implicate the manipulation of @entity6438 as a potential therapeutic strategy in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Suppression of XXXX by intra-articular lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of @entity6438 short hairpin RNA gene.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['collagen-induced arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) reduce transfusions and increase hemoglobin levels in @entity1 with @entity417 of @entity5 . A medication guideline and pharmacist collaborative practice agreement (CPA) were developed and implemented to standardize ESA prescribing workflow. The use of ESAs in @entity5 , in accordance with institutional guidelines, was evaluated to ensure safe and effacious use. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on all ESA doses given throughout a health system's @entity5 clinics prior to and after implementation of an ESA guideline and pharmacist CPA. The primary outcome measured was ESA therapy initiated in accordance with guidelines before and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes evaluated were nurse and pharmacist satisfaction, vitals recorded prior to dose, and transfusion rates in @entity1 receiving ESA therapy before and after the intervention. RESULTS: In the pre-implementation group, criteria for initiation were not met by any of the 39 @entity1 ; prior to therapy, 5.1  % of @entity1 had not had hemoglobin drawn, 23  % of @entity1 had no iron studies completed, and 29.4  % of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) @entity1 had no @entity1307 levels drawn. In the post-implementation group, prior to therapy, all @entity1 had hemoglobin levels drawn, 16.67  % did not have @entity68 studies completed, and all @entity2590 @entity1 had @entity1307 levels drawn appropriately. @entity417 ( @entity417 ) @entity1 in the pre-implementation group had 71.4  % compliance with receiving chemotherapy within 8  weeks of ESA dose, and the post-implementation group had 100  % compliance. CONCLUSION: An ESA guideline and pharmacist CPA aligned prescribing practices with the NCCN and ASCO guidelines and improved staff satisfaction.

title: Pharmacist collaborative practice agreement for the management of XXXX in @entity5 with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Chemotherapy-induced anemia', 'anemia', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: The 12 members of the MAGE gene family encode @entity5 -specific antigens that are recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The MAGE genes are expressed not only in @entity320 but in other @entity5 as well. There is, however, little information on their expression in @entity259 . We studied the expression of the @entity5840 in @entity1 @entity259 to explore the possibility of specific immunotherapy using MAGE peptides. Tumor tissue samples of @entity259 were obtained from 60 @entity1 . Standard pathohistologic analysis followed by immunohistochemistry analysis of @entity5840 expression was performed in all @entity1 . The overall expression rate of @entity5840 in @entity259 was 65%. According to histological types of @entity259 , expression rate of @entity5840 was as follows: 0% in anaplastic, 20% in medullary, 29% in follicular, and 80% in @entity3557 (p < 0.01). On the other hand, significantly higher expression of @entity5840 was observed in classical subtypes of @entity3557 and in small @entity5 sized to 1 cm in diameter. These findings demonstrated that @entity5840 expression seems to be particularly high in the small, typical @entity1377 , thus suggesting that @entity5840 gene abnormality is an early step in @entity259 progression.

title: Expression of MAGE @entity5 -associated antigen in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'papillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the postoperative results of full-tendon vertical rectus transposition (VRT) augmented with lateral fixation suture for the treatment of type 1 @entity2341 and @entity2896 and to determine whether there was a decrease in the effect of the Foster suture over time. METHODS: This retrospective, consecutive case series included @entity1 who underwent a full-tendon VRT transposition with lateral fixation for type 1 @entity2341 or @entity2896 . The primary outcome measures included deviation, abnormal head posture(AHP), @entity942 , and postoperative binocular single visual field (BSVF). RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 (87 eyes: 40 eyes with @entity735 with @entity2896 ) were included in this study. In @entity2341 @entity1 , the deviation was reduced by a mean of 95%, the AHP was eliminated in 86% of @entity1 , the abduction was improved by 42%, and a useful BSVF of     67% of normal was achieved at 1 year post operation. In @entity2896 @entity1 , the deviation was reduced by 99%, the abduction was improved by 59%, and a useful BSVF of     71% of normal was achieved at 1 year post operation. In both groups, the improvements in deviation angle and abduction were stable postoperatively. Sixteen @entity1 needed reoperation for undercorrection. CONCLUSION: VRT surgery with posterior fixation is an effective treatment method for complete @entity2896 and @entity2341 with @entity5971 , AHP, and @entity942 . The procedure carries a small risk of reoperation for undercorrection. The effect of the Foster suture did not decline over time.

title: Vertical muscle transposition augmented with lateral fixation (Foster) suture for @entity2341 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['Duane syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Duane syndrome and 47 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['abduction deficiency']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['sixth nerve palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in @entity715 of the deep venous drainage of the brain. To highlight clinical and radiographic findings that may lead to the diagnosis of disease and distinguish it from dural sinus @entity715 . To review the published literature on this disorder. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the medical and radiographic records of seven @entity1 from three institutions over the past 10 years. Review of the English language literature from 1971 to the present. RESULTS: All seven @entity1 had risk factors for @entity49 . Five @entity1 presented with a short, rapidly progressing course characterized by @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 , and decline in level of consciousness. All five @entity1 died or were rendered severely disabled. Computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography showed findings associated with deep @entity5892 in three of four, in five of five, and in three of three @entity1 , respectively. Transfemoral catheter angiography was diagnostic in two of two @entity1 . Twenty-one reported cases of deep @entity49 were identified in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: When the two populations are combined and compared with large series of @entity1 with dural sinus @entity715 , @entity1 with deep venous system @entity715 are more commonly @entity1 , tend to present with a more rapidly declining time course, altered consciousness, and long tract signs. @entity204 or long-term sequelae are far more likely to occur in internal @entity5892 than with dural sinus @entity715 . Unenhanced computed tomography can demonstrate findings that are strongly suggestive of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography are confirmatory. Angiography may still be necessary when the diagnosis is not clear.

title: XXXX of the deep venous drainage of the brain in adults. Analysis of seven cases with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: The present study reports the degradation behavior of a new antidepressant drug, @entity57494 , under various stress conditions as per @entity3538 (ICH, Q1A(R2). The investigation involved monitoring decomposition of the drug under hydrolytic (acidic, basic and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions and identifying degradation products. A rapid, precise, accurate and robust ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method has been developed on a Waters CSH Phenyl-Hexyl column (100mm*2.1mm, 1.7 m) using gradient elution of 10mM @entity6190 buffer (pH 5.0) and @entity1626 as mobile phase. The drug was found to be degraded in hydrolytic (acidic and basic) and oxidative conditions, whereas it was stable under neutral hydrolytic, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. The method was extended to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) for the structural characterization of degradation products. It has been observed that isomeric @entity12139 degradation products were formed under oxidative stress condition. The exact location of N-oxidation in the drug was investigated using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) due to the formation of characteristic fragment ions. These fragment ions resulted from Meisenheimer rearrangement owing to thermal energy activation at the vaporizer of APCI source. All degradation products were comprehensively characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and UPLC-APCI-MS experiments. The most probable mechanisms for the formation of degradation products have also been proposed. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness as per ICH guidelines.

title: Identification of hydrolytic and isomeric @entity12139 degradants of XXXX by on line LC-ESI-MS/MS and APCI-MS.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['International Conference on Harmonization guidelines']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity57494 :: ('MESH:C494040', 'Chemical') :: ['vilazodone']

answer: @entity57494 :: (MESH:C494040,Chemical) :: ['vilazodone']


abstract: In @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 , subregions of the ventral surface of the medulla (VSM) in which endothelin (ET) caused cardiorespiratory effects were mapped by topically applying 1 pmol of ET-1. Two distinct subregions, termed the rostral and caudal ET-sensitive areas, were identified. The rostral area was also sensitive to @entity8854 and @entity2228 . It extended between the caudal end of the trapezoid body and the rootlet of the XIIth nerve partly overlying the pyramidal tract. In this position ET-1 caused the type I response consisting of an initial increase (excitatory component) in arterial pressure (AP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), heart rate (HR), phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and the number of bursts of PNA (burst rate) followed by a sustained decrease (inhibitory component) in them. The caudal ET-sensitive area was located near the rootlet of the XIIth nerve. In this position ET-1 caused the type II response consisting of a decrease in PNA and an increase in burst rate. Part of this area responded to @entity1239 but not to @entity2227 or @entity2228 . ET-3 (10 pmol) applied to the two ET-sensitive areas produced responses similar to those elicited by ET-1. The dose-response relationship was investigated by delivering ETs to the rostral area. The excitatory component of most of the variables was elicited at a dose of 1 fmol of ET-1 or 1 pmol of ET-3, whereas the inhibitory component was produced at 10 fmol of ET-1 or 10 pmol of ET-3. These results suggest that subregions of the @entity35 's VSM may participate in the central cardiorespiratory control by ET.

title: Endothelin-sensitive areas in the ventral surface of the XXXX medulla.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the intra-ocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of a selective Rho kinase inhibitor, ripasudil (K-115), over 24  hr in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) or @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ). METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, 3-period, Latin-square crossover clinical study, 28 @entity1 with @entity725 or @entity2790 whose IOP level was 21  mmHg or higher were subdivided into three groups. Each @entity1 was treated with placebo and ripasudil in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4%, at 9:00 and 21:00 on day 1 through a total of 3 periods separated by washout periods. IOP was measured at 9:00, 10:00, 11:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 21:00, 22:00 and 23:00 on day 1, and 1:00, 4:00, 7:00 and 9:00 on day 2 in sitting position using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Main outcome measure was the IOP reduction of placebo and ripasudil from baseline. RESULTS: The mean IOP reduction was -5.2  mmHg for 0.2%, -6.4  mmHg for 0.4% and -2.0  mmHg for placebo at 2  hr after the first instillation. Also, the corresponding values were -6.8  mmHg for 0.2%, -7.3  mmHg for 0.4% and -4.1  mmHg for placebo at 2  hr after the second instillation. Statistically significant IOP reduction, compared with placebo, was found for both 0.2 and 0.4% from 1 through 7  hr after each instillation. In safety, conjunctival hyperaemia was observed in 22 @entity1 (79%) for 0.2%, 27 @entity1 (96%) for 0.4% and three @entity1 (11%) for placebo. CONCLUSION: Ripasudil is a promising new topical medication to lower IOP for at least 7  hr after instillations in @entity1 with @entity725 or @entity2790 .

title: Intra-ocular pressure-lowering effects of a Rho kinase inhibitor, ripasudil (K-115), over 24  hours in XXXX and @entity2790 : a randomized, open-label, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8261 Background: Chemotherapy dose delivery in the elderly is a challenge. Often, elderly @entity1 undergo surgery but not all receive adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy despite proven benefit of these regimens to improve survival. The purpose of our study was to analyze the practice patterns of chemotherapy dose ordering and delivery in @entity1 with ages 70 years and above who were diagnosed with lung or @entity14 ( @entity14 ) at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective review of chemotherapy charts was performed for @entity1 identified over the age of 70 years with a diagnosis of @entity14 at our institution from 1998-2002. The Institutional Review Board approved the study. We studied the chemotherapy regimens, dose modifications and concurrent use of radiation therapy in @entity2 and @entity14 . Frequency of growth factor support utilization was identified. RESULTS: 36 @entity1 were identified who received chemotherapy (n=21 lung ca; n=15 @entity14 ). Median age of all @entity1 was 75 yrs (range 70-85 years); M: F 6:15 (lung ca), 7:8 ( @entity14 ). Performance status of all pts. 0-2 (ECOG). Stage distribution: lung ca (IIIA n=5; IIIB n=9, IV n=5, small cell lung ca n=2). @entity14 (high risk II n=8, III n=5, IV n=2). 12 of 21 pts.treated for lung ca received concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. All 12 @entity1 received standard regimens but only 3/12 (25%) received standard doses of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . 4/12 (33%) were treated with a single drug, @entity3003 or @entity1311 with radiation. 8/14 (57%) pts completed 5 weeks or more of planned radiation treatment. Analysis of @entity14 pts: 7/15(46 %) received a standard regimen ( @entity1487 / @entity4181 ). Doses were initially reduced by 10% in all. 2 pts required further dose reductions of @entity1487 and Leucovorin secondary to @entity294 . 11/36 (30%) pts required @entity1261 supplementation. 23/36 pts. (64%) required erythropoietin support. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 require significant dose reductions and modifications to tolerate chemotherapy +/- XRT safely and are frequently unable to complete proposed treatments. The impact of established treatment regimens on survival in elderly @entity1 needs to be further investigated No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Chemotherapy dose delivery in elderly XXXX with lung and colon cancer; a single institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'CRC and lung cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: In an attempt to assess the response to treatment and survival of a group of @entity1 treated with standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we undertook a retrospective review of @entity151 ( @entity151 ) @entity1 treated by the University of Toronto Lung Oncology Group. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 264 @entity1 with limited @entity151 who were treated from 1976 to 1985. Based on radiologic review and physical examination, @entity1 were assigned to three prognostic groups: group 1 (very limited @entity151 ), negative mediastinoscopy and/or no evidence of mediastinal nodes on radiologic review; group 2, x-ray evidence of mediastinal node involvement or a positive mediastinoscopy; group 3, supraclavicular adenopathy or x-ray evidence of pneumonic consolidation, @entity1143 , or @entity891 . All @entity1 received combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. RESULTS: Complete response was seen in 52% of @entity1 and partial response in 29%. Response rates did not differ among the three prognostic subgroups. The median survival time for @entity1 in group 1 was 15.7 months, compared with 12 months for group 2 and 11 months for group 3 (P = .0175). Projected 5-year survival for group 1 was 18%, compared with only 6% and 2% for groups 2 and 3, respectively. There was no difference among the prognostic subgroups with respect to either local or distant recurrence rates. CONCLUSION: Using simple clinical staging techniques, we were able to identify a subgroup of @entity1 with very limited @entity151 who had a significantly better prognosis. We recommend that randomized clinical trials stratify @entity1 according to the presence or absence of clinically detectable mediastinal @entity3329 .

title: Importance of clinical staging in limited XXXX : a valuable system to separate prognostic subgroups. The University of Toronto Lung Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity25049 as dopaminergic monotherapy in @entity1 with early @entity191 . DESIGN: A 6-month extension of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Ambulatory care at 22 different sites in the United States. @entity1 : @entity1 who successfully completed the initial 6-month study could enter the 6-month extension study ( @entity25049 , n = 70; placebo, n = 77). INTERVENTION: Use of @entity25049 or placebo therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The efficacy variables were the number of @entity1 who successfully completed the 12-month study and did not require supplemental levodopa, the number of @entity1 requiring supplemental levodopa, and the proportion of @entity1 having an insufficient therapeutic response. RESULTS: Significantly fewer @entity25049 -treated @entity1 met criteria for insufficient therapeutic response (23 [19.8%] of 116) or required the initiation of levodopa therapy (22 [19%] of 116) compared with placebo-treated @entity1 (60 [48%] of 125 @entity1 for insufficient therapeutic response; 57 [45.6%] of 125 @entity1 for additional levodopa). Significantly more @entity25049 -treated @entity1 (51 [44.0%] of 116) successfully completed the 12-month study and did not require supplemental levodopa compared with placebo-treated @entity1 (28 [22.4%] of 125). The incidence of adverse experiences and @entity1 withdrawals was low. CONCLUSION: @entity25049 was effective and well tolerated as monotherapy for 12 months in @entity1 with early @entity191 .

title: @entity25049 for the treatment of early @entity191 : a 12-month experience. XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['Ropinirole', 'ropinirole', 'ropinirole hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity25049 :: (MESH:C046649,Chemical) :: ['Ropinirole']


abstract: @entity1374 are often associated with @entity146 . The prevalence of @entity1669 in the general population is estimated to be at about 5-14  %. A clinical study was conducted to evaluate the association between @entity1669 and @entity308 in @entity146 outpatients. Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity308 and nineteen @entity1 with @entity161 (serving as control group), attending a @entity146 outpatient unit, were included. In addition to the measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free @entity1954 , free @entity1955 , antithyroid peroxidase (anti- @entity5787 ) antibodies, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was performed. The proportion of pathologically increased anti- @entity5787 levels in @entity1 with @entity308 was high. Furthermore, the distribution of pathologically increased anti- @entity5787 levels was significantly (   (2)  =  5.5; p  =  0.019) different between @entity1 with @entity308 (32.7  %) and @entity1 with @entity161 (5.3  %). In a gender- and age-adjusted logistic regression, the odds ratio of uni- or @entity162 @entity1 with @entity308 for an @entity1669 was ten times higher (95  % CI  =  1.2-85.3) when compared with @entity161 @entity1 . TSH basal level did not differ between @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity1 with @entity161 . Our study demonstrates a strong association between anti- @entity5787 levels, which are considered to be of diagnostic value for @entity1669 (in combination with a hypoechoic thyroid in ultrasonography) with uni- or @entity162 . It should be noted that the routinely measured TSH level is not sufficient in itself to diagnose this relevant autoimmune comorbidity.

title: Association between @entity1669 and XXXX in @entity146 outpatients.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: AIM: In residual @entity572 the fovea @entity4039 lays often more cranial than in the normal hip morphology, the ligamentum @entity4039 thereby articulating with the weight-bearing area of the acetabular cartilage. The aim of this study was to quantitate this aspect with regard to its potential negative effect for the @entity528 . METHOD: The relation between the fovea @entity4039 and the weight-bearing area were studied using the a.p.-pelvis view in normal and @entity572 . The measurements were made by digital image analysis. RESULTS: The hypothesis that the "fovea alta" is characteristic for the @entity6349 hip was confirmed. In @entity572 the typically wider fovea lays on average 30 degrees more cranial, touching the weight-bearing area over 11 degrees. The fovea in normal hips has on average a distance of 26 degrees to the acetabular roof. In @entity572 , the tendency for decentering of the femoral head as well as a higher CCD angle explain this phenomenon to a certain degree. In a theoretical model to correct the acetabular position over the femoral head alone one quarter of the foveae would still touch the weight-bearing area. Nevertheless, in our series after periacetabular osteotomy this was never the case due to better centering. CONCLUSION: lt is our hypothesis that a "fovea alta", which further reduces the already smaller loaded cartilage surface, is one part leading to the early degeneration of the @entity6349 hip. Therefore, it should be considered in biomechanical models and in the planning of corrective procedures.

title: [The relationship between fovea @entity4039 and weight bearing area in the normal and XXXX hip in adults: a radiologic study].

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the dysplastic acetabulum']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic hips the steeper roof', 'dysplastic hips', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capitis femoris']

answer: @entity6349 :: (MESH:D004416,Disease) :: ['dysplastic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate which knee and probe position best identifies @entity32 and to determine a cut-off level for abnormal @entity1143 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 experienced sonographers (all rheumatologists) performed ultrasound examinations of the knee joint in @entity1 with knee symptoms and in healthy controls. Each sonographer performed longitudinal suprapatellar ultrasound scans using 9 different configurations at each knee: Midline, parapatallar lateral and parapatellar medial from midline in neutral position (0  ) with and without @entity121 and in 30   flexion of the knee. The presence of @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ), the effusion measured in millimeters and the presence of @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) was noted. RESULTS: A total of 298 knees of 149 subjects (129 @entity1 and 20 controls) were examined. The detection of @entity1184 is more sensitive and specific than the detection of @entity1143 , independently of the knee and probe position, for the final diagnosis of abnormality. The detection of both @entity1184 and effusion in the knee in neutral position (0  ) with @entity2472 and with the probe in the midline position, are the best independent predictors for @entity427 . Knee effusion >3.2mm measured with the probe in the lateral aspect of the knee is the best diagnostic characteristics for predicting pathological @entity1143 . CONCLUSION: The best combination for detecting @entity1184 and @entity1143 is obtained by placing the probe in the midline position with the knee in 0   with @entity2472 . A cut-off value for pathological effusion may be obtained in the lateral aspect of the knee.

title: Which knee and probe position determines the final diagnosis of XXXX by ultrasound? Results from a European multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'synovial effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['knee inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['SH', 'synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['knee abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps muscle contraction']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps contraction']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['knee inflammation']


abstract: The use of inhaled @entity2263 -agonists delivered by a @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) with a holding chamber (spacer) actually is considered the best treatment for childhood @entity697 . However, its use in daily practice still seems rather limited. The aim of this study was to investigate, using a questionnaire, the use of a nebulizer or @entity4185 as the first-line method for delivering inhaled @entity2263 -agonists in @entity1 with @entity697 . A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 22 pediatric departments and to 131 family pediatricians (FPs) in northeast Italy. We showed that in the hospitals the episodes of @entity697 usually were treated with bronchodilators administered by wet nebulization (95.45%). This was the case also for FPs (70.9%). However, 29.1% of FPs usually advised the use of an @entity4185 /holding chamber to @entity1 with @entity697 . Despite the established efficacy of inhaled @entity2263 -agonists administrated with an @entity4185 compared with wet nebulization in @entity697 , this practice still is rather limited. The use of wet nebulization was more evident in hospital settings compared with community medicine. @entity341 may represent a missed opportunity to promote an effective method of delivering bronchodilators in childhood @entity565 .

title: Nebulizers or pressurized metered-dose inhalers in the treatment of XXXX exacerbations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency room visits']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Organics in water have the potential to generate harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as @entity26625 (THMs) during the chlorination process. To clarify the regulatory implications of Korean THMs levels which appear to be significantly lower than those in the US where the Stage 1 and 2 D/DBPs rule has been promulgated, the characteristics of THMs formation were investigated on five major river waters in Korea. Water samples were taken from 12 water treatment plants on five major rivers that serve as drinking water sources for more than 90% of the Korean population. @entity26625 formation potential (THMFP), total organic @entity2866 formation potential (TOXFP) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV(254)) were determined and compared with those from US data. A survey of existing data [J Korean Soc Water Qual; 16(4) 2000b 431-443] provided evidence that THMs levels in treated drinking water in Korea were one-third of those reported in the US. The lower THMs levels were mainly attributable to the differences in the level and THMFP of dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ). The @entity4420 levels and the THMFP normalized to @entity4420 were approximately 60% of those in the US. Results which combined could quantitatively account for the lower THMs levels (i.e. 0.6 x 0.6 approximately 1/3) in Korea. The observed Korean THMs levels were over-predicted by the THMs model () developed in the US. The level of THMFP was found to be similar if normalized for @entity56411 as measured by UV(254). These findings suggest that: (i) the case for more stringent THMs control is not likely to be a high priority among issues of drinking water quality in Korea; and (ii) significant variation of THMFP level may exist over different geographic regions; hence (iii) independent THMs models should be developed to make accurate predictions for different regions.

title: Low XXXX formation in Korean drinking water.

entities_list: @entity26625 :: ('MESH:D022882', 'Chemical') :: ['trihalomethanes', 'Trihalomethane']

entities_list: @entity56411 :: ('MESH:C537437', 'Disease') :: ['aromaticity']

answer: @entity26625 :: (MESH:D022882,Chemical) :: ['trihalomethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles, also referred to as @entity221 ( @entity221 ), combined with external radiation, in the Dunning model of @entity263 . METHODS: @entity5 were induced in 96 male Copenhagen @entity35 . Animals were randomly allocated to eight groups, including controls and groups for dose-finding studies of external radiation. Treatment groups received two serial thermotherapy treatments following a single intratumoral injection of magnetic fluid or thermotherapy followed by external radiation (10 Gy). On day 20, after @entity5 induction, @entity5 weights in the treatment and control groups were compared and @entity68 measurements in selected organs were carried out. RESULTS: Mean maximal and minimal intratumoral temperatures obtained were 58.7 degrees C (centrally) and 42.7 degrees C (peripherally) during the first thermotherapy and 55.4 degrees C and 42.3 degrees C, respectively, during the second of two treatment sessions. Combined thermotherapy and radiation with 20 Gy was significantly more effective than radiation with 20 Gy alone and reduced @entity5 growth by 87.5-89.2% versus controls. Mean @entity68 content in the prostates on day 20 was 87.5% of the injected dose of ferrites, whereas only 2.5% was found in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: An additive effect was demonstrated for the combined treatment at a radiation dose of 20 Gy, which was equally effective in inhibiting @entity5 growth as radiation alone with 60 Gy. Serial heat treatments were possible without repeated injection of magnetic fluid. The optimal treatment schedules of this combination regarding temperatures, radiation dose, and fractionation need to be defined in further experimental studies.

title: Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external radiation in an orthotopic @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Orthotopic tumors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic fluid hyperthermia', 'MFH']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: End-stage @entity2720 can be successfully treated with total knee arthroplasty. However, the functional results may not be as good as anticipated and certain pre-op knee characteristics may alter the functional results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of TKA in haemophilic @entity1 with specific @entity71 and @entity1159 of the joint. Twenty-one consecutive @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The average age was 34 years with an average follow-up of 5.7 years. Functional status was evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score. Receiving Operating Characteristics analysis was used to determine the threshold of pre-operative flexion contracture degree to avoid residual knee contracture. The range of motion was increased in 16 joints and unchanged in three joints and decreased in the remaining two. Preoperative average range of motion was 37.6  , improved to 57.1   post-operatively. The average knee score increased from 27.85 (15-30) points pre-operatively to 79.42 (12-94) points at the last follow-up. The degree of pre-operative flexion contracture was found to be a good predictor for @entity1159 . (Specificity: 85.7%, sensitivity: 100%, cut-off: 27.5  ). Total knee replacement improves the quality of life in @entity1 with advanced @entity2720 . Statistical analysis revealed that pre-op flexion contracture of 27.5   is an important threshold. @entity1 should be operated before that stage to gain maximum benefit with minimal @entity854 .

title: Pre-operative flexion contracture determines the functional outcome of XXXX treated with total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention to final range of motion']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gait abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['residual flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophiliac arthropathy', 'haemophilic arthropathy']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['haemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: Neonatal group B streptococcus @entity693 causes neurologic morbidity and mortality. Cerebrovascular involvement is a common, poorly studied, and potentially modifiable pathologic process. We hypothesized that imaging patterns of focal @entity4798 are recognizable in neonatal group B @entity693 . A consecutive case series included term neonates with the following: (1) @entity4008 , (2) acute group B @entity883 (positive cerebrospinal fluid/blood culture), (3) brain magnetic resonance imaging within 14 days, and (4) acute intraparenchymal focal @entity1188 (restricted diffusion). Lesions within known arterial territories were classified as arterial @entity385 . Clinical presentations, investigations, and neurologic outcomes were recorded. Eight newborns (50% female) with focal @entity1188 were identified. Five presented early (<1 week), and all manifested clinical shock and elevated acute-phase reactants. Less than 50% had prenatal group B streptococcal screening, while 2 of 3 screened were negative. Two distinct patterns of focal @entity1188 were identified: (1) deep perforator arterial @entity64 to basal ganglia, thalamus, and periventricular white matter (7/8, 88%), and (2) @entity130 with patchy, focal @entity1188 of the cortical surface (6/8, 75%). Outcomes (mean 23.8 months) were poor, with severe disability or death in 6/8 (75%). Recognizable @entity64 patterns contribute to severe neurologic outcomes and represent a potentially modifiable pathophysiologic process in neonatal group B @entity693 .

title: @entity64 patterns in neonatal group B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['superficial injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['streptococcal meningitis']


abstract: The timing of DNA synthesis, mitosis and cell division is regulated by a complex network of biochemical reactions that control the activities of a family of @entity1364 -dependent kinases. The temporal dynamics of this reaction network is typically modeled by nonlinear differential equations describing the rates of the component reactions. This approach provides exquisite details about molecular regulatory processes but is hampered by the need to estimate realistic values for the many kinetic constants that determine the reaction rates. It is difficult to estimate these kinetic constants from available experimental data. To avoid this problem, modelers often resort to 'qualitative' modeling strategies, such as Boolean switching networks, but these models describe only the coarsest features of cell cycle regulation. In this paper we describe a hybrid approach that combines the best features of continuous differential equations and discrete Boolean networks. @entity1364 abundances are tracked by piecewise linear differential equations for @entity1364 synthesis and degradation. @entity1364 synthesis is regulated by transcription factors whose activities are represented by discrete variables (0 or 1) and likewise for the activities of the ubiquitin-ligating enzyme complexes that govern @entity1364 degradation. The discrete variables change according to a predetermined sequence, with the times between transitions determined in part by @entity1364 accumulation and degradation and as well by exponentially distributed random variables. The model is evaluated in terms of flow cytometry measurements of @entity1364 proteins in asynchronous populations of @entity1 cell lines. The few kinetic constants in the model are easily estimated from the experimental data. Using this hybrid approach, modelers can quickly create quantitatively accurate, computational models of protein regulatory networks in cells.

title: A hybrid model of XXXX cell cycle regulation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Computerized tomography (CT) scanning is a well recognised tool for the diagnosis of @entity5 . To investigate the degree of correlation between CT findings scan and the @entity1 clinical status focusing on a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity129 . Diagnosis of @entity5 was confirmed in 23 @entity1 (average age 71 years, age range 39-87) based on criteria of severe @entity158 , @entity2346 externa refractory to conventional treatments and possibly @entity6 and @entity2782 detection. CT was performed on 23 of these @entity1 . Results from these scans were analysed and correlated with @entity1 clinical status. Retrospective analysis of CT images and medical notes were used for data analysis.The CT scans of all 23 @entity1 showed evidence of involvement of disease outside the external auditory canal, confirming the diagnosis. Sixteen out of 23 @entity1 (70%) demonstrated evidence of @entity79 . Four of the 16 showed involvement of the petrous apex. From our subset of ten @entity1 with @entity129 , eight demonstrated evidence of @entity79 and two showed mastoid and middle ear involvement without @entity79 . All four @entity1 with petrous apical involvement presented with @entity129 (two lower @entity129 , one @entity129 and one combined lower and @entity129 ). CT scanning was found to be a fast and economical tool in the initial assessment of @entity1 with @entity5 . Petrous apex involvement was constantly associated with @entity129 , usually the lower cranial nerves. CT findings of temporal bone in itself however, were not closely correlated to the clinical outcome of the @entity1 .

title: Usefulness of CT scans in XXXX : effective tool for the diagnosis, but of limited value in predicting outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve involvement', 'cranial nerve palsies', 'seventh nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant external otitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant external otitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) have a more than twofold increased risk of @entity299 and @entity64 compared with able-bodied individuals. The increased risk appears to be in excess of the risk conferred by several well-established risk factors, including @entity6 , @entity101 , and sex. This raises the question whether other factors, secondary to @entity1566 , are also contributing to the development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Two potential factors associated with @entity1566 and @entity65 are @entity158 and @entity308 . Both are frequently reported among individuals with @entity1566 , develop in the acute stages of injury, and are commonly described as severe. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between @entity158 (and types of @entity158 ) and @entity308 with @entity65 among individuals with @entity1566 . METHODS: A total of 1,493 individuals (referred sample) with chronic @entity1566 participated in a self-report cross-sectional multicenter Canada-wide survey from 2011-2012 (mean age    standard deviation: 49.6    13.9 years). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and injury characteristics, @entity9 and @entity308 were significantly and independently associated with @entity65 (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 2.27 (1.21, 4.60) for @entity9 ; 4.07 (2.10, 7.87) for @entity308 ). In contrast to @entity9 , @entity9 was not significantly associated with @entity65 (p = 0.13). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these data illustrate important interrelationships between secondary complications following @entity1566 , as well as raise the possibility of @entity9 (versus nociceptive @entity158 ) as a novel and emerging risk factor for @entity65 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity9 , XXXX , and @entity65 : A National Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'non-neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 , bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is associated with a decreased risk of subsequent @entity0 of approximately 90%. We examined the association between bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and @entity0 risk in @entity1 at high risk for @entity0 who also had mutations in @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes. METHODS: We obtained blood samples from 176 of the 214 high-risk @entity1 who participated in our previous retrospective cohort study of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. We used conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis and direct sequence analysis of the blood specimens to identify @entity1 with mutations in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . The carriers' probabilities of developing @entity0 were estimated from two different penetrance models. RESULTS: We identified 26 @entity1 with an alteration in @entity5345 or @entity2674 . Eighteen of the mutations were considered to be deleterious and eight to be of uncertain clinical significance. None of the 26 @entity1 has developed @entity0 after a median of 13.4 years of follow-up (range, 5.8-28.5 years). Three of the 214 @entity1 are known to have developed a @entity0 after prophylactic mastectomy. For two of these @entity1 , @entity5345 and @entity2674 screening was negative, and no blood specimen was available for the third. Estimations of the effectiveness of prophylactic mastectomy were performed, considering this @entity1 as both a mutation carrier and a noncarrier. These calculations predicted that six to nine @entity0 should have developed among the mutation carriers, which translates into a risk reduction, after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, of 89.5%-100% (95% confidence interval = 41.4% to 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic mastectomy is associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of subsequent @entity0 not only in @entity1 identified as being at high risk on the basis of a family history of @entity0 but also in known @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation carriers.

title: Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in XXXX and @entity2674 gene mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: Failure of @entity2548 (AVFf) still remains the "Achilles'heel" of chronic haemodialysis (HD) programme. Therefore, early, potentially non-invasive diagnosis and prompt surgical correction of AVFf are needed. For these purposes spiral computed tomographic angiography (SCTA) was used for evaluation of clinically suspected AVFf in 19 @entity1 (10M/9F, aged 58.6 +/- 14.6 years, on HD for 34.4 +/- 29.3 months). SCTA was performed using Marconi MX8000 scanner covering whole AVF. After intravenous administration to the peripheral vein of the other leg of 100 ml of non-ionic lomeron 350 contrast (3 ml/s), axial CT images were obtained helically covering whole surface of AVF. Time delay was measured by Trigger function. Maximum Intensity Projections (MIP), 4D-Angio and virtual endoscopy (VE) techniques were used for reconstruction. MIP images demonstrated contrast-enhanced vascular structures and other high-density tissues ( @entity730 ). VE enabled non-invasive simulation of endoscopic procedures and interactive intravascular navigation. Total number of 24 SCTA were performed. We found normal patency of AVF in 5 @entity1 . In the remaining 14 subjects, the following abnormalities were found: stenosis of AVF at the site of @entity254 or in distal segment of efferent vein in 6 SCTA examinations, dilatation in 7 SCTA, acute or chronic @entity715 of AVF in 9 SCTA procedures including total occlusion of AVF in 2 cases. In 2 cases @entity2849 of AVF were found. In 7 SCTA examinations more than one reason of AVFf was found. Photographs of every AVF complication are presented. We noted only one complication of SCTA-rupture of venous vessel on the opposite arm during contrast injection. There were no hypersensitivity reactions to the contrast.

title: [Spiral computed tomography in evaluation of XXXX for hemodialysis. Preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) and @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) have a high propensity to develop pulmonary metastases. Lung lesions with calcification, peripheral location, and size >5 mm are more likely to represent malignant metastases. We evaluated the incidence of @entity5 in nodules 5 mm or less to potentially guide decisions between biopsy and observation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 <25 years of age with metastatic @entity421 and @entity2828 treated at our institution between 2001 and 2014 who had undergone pulmonary nodule biopsy was performed. Computed tomographic scans were reviewed to evaluate nodule size and change over time. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 (27 @entity421 , 8 @entity2828 ) met inclusion criteria. One hundred sixteen nodules were biopsied (97 @entity421 , 19 @entity2828 ). Nodule size at biopsy was not significantly different between the malignant (median, 6 mm, range, 1 to 79 mm) and benign (median, 3 mm, range, 1 to 21 mm) lesions (P=0.063). Size of pulmonary nodules <5 mm was not entirely predictive of benign status, with sensitivity estimate of 0.709 (95% confidence interval, 0.465-0.872; P=0.091) and specificity estimate of 0.776 (95% confidence interval, 0.324-0.962; P=0.219) for all nodules biopsied. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary nodules in @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity2828 <5 mm cannot be excluded from biopsy considerations.

title: Pulmonary Nodule Size <5 mm Still Warrants Investigation in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence-based treatment guidelines for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) exist to improve the quality of care for @entity1 with this disease. However, how often evidence-based decisions are used for care of @entity1149 is poorly understood. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined patterns of care and rate of adherence to evidence-based guidelines for 185 new @entity1149 @entity1 seen between 2007 and 2009. Evidence-based care status was determined for 150 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 were white, the mean age was 66 years, 49% were @entity1 , 11% were never smokers, 83% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1, 49.7% of @entity5 were @entity420 , 57.1% of never smokers had @entity5 genotyped ( @entity470 , @entity7041 , @entity984 ), and 13.3% participated in clinical trials. The rate of evidence-based treatment adherence was 94.1% (16 of 17), 100% (21 of 21) and 100% (36 of 36) in @entity1 with stages I, II, and III @entity1149 , respectively. Stage IV disease, with adherence of 76.3% (58 of 76), was correlated with a higher rate of nonadherence when compared with stages I-III (odds ratio 16.33; 95% CI, 1.94 to 137.73). In @entity1 with stage IV disease, the rate of evidence-based adherence was 95% (72 of 76) for first-line therapy, 95.2% (40 of 42) for second-line therapy, and only 33.3% (6 of 18) for third-line therapy (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between evidence-based adherence status and the @entity1 's age, sex, performance status, smoking history, ethnicity, or the treating physician. CONCLUSION: These data point toward the need for improved evidence-based use of resources in the third-line setting of stage IV @entity1149 .

title: Patterns of care for XXXX at an academic institution affiliated with a national @entity5 institute-designated @entity5 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is a rare @entity5 with a high tendency to reoccur locally and with a high risk of @entity3 . @entity3 are often unresponsive to conventional treatment. Recently, an animal model was set up using @entity1 @entity320 cells. Orthotopic xenografts from @entity1 @entity320 were created by subconjunctival injection of three different @entity320 cell lines into NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) @entity16409 (NSG) @entity19 . Subconjunctival injection of cultured @entity320 cells led to excellent subconjunctival growth, but no @entity3 were found. When single-cell suspensions were obtained from the subconjunctival xenografts and passaged in vivo, all @entity19 developed @entity3 . As recent findings indicate that @entity5 stem cells are linked to @entity5 recurrences, we used this new @entity19 model to determine the expression of the stem cell marker @entity27946 during @entity5 progression. Expression of the @entity27946 protein was determined in three cell lines and during different stages of @entity5 development as observed in our model. All three cell lines contained a subpopulation of cells positive for @entity27946 . During @entity5 development, expression of @entity27946 increased during phases of @entity5 expansion. Furthermore, expression of @entity27946 was increased in @entity3 . Using this model for @entity320 , we were able to initiate metastatic spread and determine the expression of the stem cell marker @entity27946 during different stages of @entity5 development, identifying @entity27946 as a potential novel therapeutic target. This study illustrates the potential of our newly established @entity19 model.

title: Expression of Multidrug Resistance Transporter @entity27946 in a XXXX Model of @entity1 @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular malignancy', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the cases of @entity1 with suspected @entity546 and asses erectile and sexological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from 1987 to 2013 presented to the Urology Clinic of Trieste and at the AIED of Pordenone a total of 41 cases that were divided into two groups according to the timing of treatment: 18 @entity1 with anamnestic diagnosis of @entity546 treated nonimmediately and 23 @entity1 treated immediately after the @entity130 . For all @entity1 we evaluated the type of treatment adopted, the occurrence of complications and reoperations and the follow-up. The erectile function was also evaluated through the IIEF, as well as the psychological impact of the @entity130 on social and sex life, using a psycho- sexological questionnaire. RESULTS: Among @entity1 treated immediately after the @entity130 14 were subjected to surgery. About a year after surgery, @entity546 was reported in 1 @entity1 , @entity158 in 3 @entity1 , @entity1494 in 1 @entity1 , while none reported @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Out of these, only 3 @entity1 underwent reoperation. Among those treated conservatively 1 @entity1 reported curvature, 1 @entity1 reported @entity158 and none reported @entity323 . Among @entity1 who were admitted at a later date, 14 reported curvature and 4 reported @entity158 whereas @entity1494 were reported in 1 and @entity323 in 4 @entity1 . From a psychological point of view, the @entity130 caused in most cases a fear of new @entity130 and of repercussions on erectile function and sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis is mainly clinical; however, radiological investigation is essential to confirm the diagnosis, assess the site and extent of the @entity130 and possible urethral involvement, so as to plan the most appropriate treatment. In addition, immediate treatment leads to better long-term results, with a lower incidence of @entity323 and @entity546 . Psychologically, penile @entity130 intensifies the fear of reoccurrence; it decreases, however, with the passage of time.

title: XXXX : Retrospective analysis of our case history with long-term assessment of the erectile and sexological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary disorders']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile fracture', 'penile curvature']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['Penile fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity3825 conditions, such as @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ), and bouts of acute stress exacerbate clinical @entity158 . Studies using animal models have shown that exposure to chronic footshock stress augments reflex responses to @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) in animal models, however acute effects in animal models are largely unknown, as are the central nervous system mechanisms of stress-related increases in nociception. The amygdala is a salient structure for integration of sensory and cognitive/emotional factors. The present study determined the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ) in stress-related bladder @entity56 . We examined the effects of @entity13396 manipulations (lesions and chemical stimulation) on visceromotor responses ( @entity15342 ) to @entity1494 in adult, female @entity35 . We report that acute footshock stress produces @entity1494 that can be prevented by bilateral @entity13396 lesions, despite no effect of lesions on baseline somatic sensation, as indicated by flinch/jump thresholds to electrical shock. Further, acute glucocorticoid stimulation of the @entity13396 recapitulated stress-induced @entity1931 . Of note is that @entity13396 lesions, but not chemical stimulation, significantly affected @entity2270 activation, as indicated by measurements of circulating @entity2819 . Our findings conclusively show that the @entity13396 is necessary for the generation of @entity1494 in response to acute stress. The @entity13396 may play multiple stress-related roles in nociceptive modulation, i.e., via direct facilitation of the @entity2270 during acute stress, or via modulation of other systems that augment acute stress responsiveness.

title: The amygdala central nucleus is required for acute stress-induced @entity1494 in a @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['UBD', 'bladder hyperalgesia', 'urinary bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity15342 :: ('MESH:D011535', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal muscle contractions']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['urological pain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe our experience with the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), for the treatment of bilateral lung @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and June 1998, 75 lung metastasectomies were carried out in our institution, 49 (65%) monolateral, and 26 (35%) bilateral. In the latter group of @entity1 we adopted a @entity5 . RESULTS: All wedge resections and two lobectomies (1 LUL and 1 RLL) were performed through this approach. Resection has been complete in all @entity1 . Histology was epithelial in 15 (57%), @entity242 in nine (35%) and germ cell in two (8%). Two to three @entity3 have been resected in 10 @entity1 (38%); four to 10 in 12 @entity1 (46%) and over 10 in four @entity1 (15%). The radiological pre-operative assessment was accurate in 15 @entity1 (57%), underestimated in nine (35%) and overestimated in two (8%). The average interval between the two procedures has been 24 +/- 6 days. The average operation duration time was 50 min (range 36-67). We do not report any @entity204 or major complication. The average hospitalization was 3.2 days (range 2-6) for each single procedure and 6.2 days (range 4-10) for both procedures. CONCLUSION: This technique is adequate, fast and safe and did not affect the shoulder girdle motion at all providing an excellent cosmetic outcome. The operative @entity130 is limited and a minor post-operative @entity158 is present. A shortening of the interval between the two operations is allowed.

title: Staged axillary thoracotomy for bilateral lung XXXX : an effective and minimally invasive approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staged axillary thoracotomy', 'SAT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative death']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity4443 (LT) are inflammatory mediators which can also exert regulatory effects on @entity1 myelopoiesis. We have studied the LT-producing capacity of freshly isolated leucocyte suspensions (containing blast cells in variable proportions) from 41 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) or @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in @entity9638 (CMLbc) at diagnosis or relapse/resistant disease. Leucocyte suspensions from 19/29 @entity3052 @entity1 (66%), and 2/12 CMLbc @entity1 (17%; P = 0.012) demonstrated deficient capacity to synthesize LT from endogenous substrate after ionophore @entity3365 stimulation. Thus, these cells produced < 8 pmol LTB4+LTC4/10(6) cells (< 20% of mean LT formation in leucocyte suspensions from 18 healthy subjects). Addition of exogenous @entity1426 did not normalize the LT synthesis in poor-producing cell suspensions. Purified, morphologically mature granulocytes from two @entity3052 @entity1 also failed to produce normal amounts of LT. In leucocyte suspensions from the remaining 20 @entity3052 /CMLbc @entity1 @entity3365 provoked LT biosynthesis, with markedly increased production of LTC4, but decreased LTB4 formation. Furthermore, elevated conversion of exogenous LTA4 to LTC4 was noted in the @entity1 samples, independent of their capacity to produce LT after @entity3365 stimulation. The percentage of blast cells in @entity1 white blood cell differential counts correlated inversely with ionophore-induced LT synthesis, but positively with the conversion of exogenous LTA4 to LTC4. The results suggest elevated @entity21238 activity and suppressed @entity1437 activity as novel enzymatic features of @entity1778 @entity1 with @entity44 phenotype.

title: Novel enzymatic abnormalities in @entity3052 and XXXX in @entity9638 : elevated leucocyte @entity21238 activity paralleled by deficient leukotriene biosynthesis from endogenous substrate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: We recently described that the @entity62706 (690-698) peptide could induce HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which recognize the @entity62706 (+) @entity5 cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A24(+) @entity5 @entity1 . In our study, in 5 of 14 HLA-A24(+) @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ), CTLs could be induced with the @entity62706 (690-698) peptide from the PBMCs. In 2 of the @entity1 from whom the highest CTL activities were induced, the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire expressed by the @entity62706 (690-698)-specific CTLs was found to be restricted and multiple Vbeta families were predominantly expressed in each @entity1 . Although the predominant Vbeta families were different between the 2 @entity1 , Vbeta7 was highly and commonly predominant. The same predominant Vbeta families were also detected in the @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from each @entity1 , and each Vbeta family contained one or more unique T-cell clonotypes. The unique T-cell clonotypes were found to be common between the TILs and @entity62706 (690-698)-specific CTLs from each @entity1 , and especially 2 T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 were identical even in the 2 @entity1 . One of the 2 T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 was detected in the TILs from 11 of 14 HLA-A24(+) @entity1 and another was found in those from 8 of HLA-A24(+) @entity1 , while none of 10 HLA-A24(-) @entity1 demonstrated both T-cell clonotypes. These results strongly suggest that the T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 are major TCR Vbeta genes expressed by @entity62706 (690-698)-specific CTLs. Furthermore, autologous @entity5 cells from one of the HLA-A24(+) @entity1 stimulated the PBMCs and regional lymph node cells (LNCs) to expand the same T-cell clonotypes as those in the @entity62706 (690-698)-specific CTLs. These results strongly suggest that the @entity62706 (690-698)-specific CTLs clearly accumulate in vivo, especially in the TILs, as a consequence of in situ antigenic stimulation by autologous @entity5 cells. The identification of the unique TCR Vbeta genes used by @entity62706 -specific CTLs should help to improve the diagnosis of the specific immune response in @entity1 with @entity62706 (+) @entity5 , especially during anticancer immunotherapy.

title: T-cell receptor Vbeta gene usage by T cells reactive with the XXXX -rejection antigen @entity62706 in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical practice for @entity850 detection and treatment in @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) varies widely and is largely dictated by local customs and expertise. METHODS: In May 2003, a questionnaire was sent to 32 hemodialysis (HD) facilities in north-eastern Italy, to assess the prevalence of @entity1 with an AVF; the screening criteria for @entity850 ; the preferred imaging technique; the timing of the intervention and the treatment modality for stenosed and thrombosed @entity2548 . RESULTS: The response rate was 87%; 2895 prevalent @entity1 were evaluated, 86% with an AVF. All facilities routinely screened for @entity850 ; the majority relying on clinical assessment (86%), and many on multiple surveillance methods by monitoring dialysis pressures and blood pump flow rate (75-68%), measuring access recirculation (64%), Kt/V (54%) and access blood flow rate (11%). Angiography and Doppler ultrasound were used in equal proportion for imaging. All nephrologists agreed on pre-emptive @entity850 correction, 57% taking action on well functioning and 43% on failing @entity2548 . Forty percent of nephrologists preferred either angioplasty or surgery for pre-emptive @entity850 correction, while only 18% used both. Surgery was favored over endovascular techniques (57 vs. 36%) for treating thrombosed @entity2548 , while only 7% of facilities used both. CONCLUSIONS: Our survey shows that, as in 2003, the vast majority of @entity1 in north-eastern Italy were dialyzed with an AVF. Screening for @entity850 was universally adopted, though most facilities relied on clinical examination and surrogate access blood flow rate markers. All nephrologists agreed to pre-emptive @entity850 correction, and surgery retained a relevant role in the treatment of stenosed and thrombosed @entity2548 .

title: Practice patterns in the management of XXXX : a northern Italian survey.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula stenosis']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity2457 (AVFs) are a well-known pathoanatomical and clinical entity. Excluding bilateral involvement of the cavernous sinus, multiple dural AVFs are rare, with isolated reports in the literature. The additional risk associated with multiplicity is unknown, although it has been claimed that there is a greater risk of @entity548 at presentation. In a group of 284 @entity1 with dural AVFs consecutively treated at a single center, the occurrence of multiplicity is investigated and its risk factors for @entity548 are identified. METHODS: Among the 284 @entity1 with both @entity2457 , 20 @entity1 with multiple @entity292 were found. Nineteen (8.1%) of 235 @entity1 with @entity2548 had multiple cranial @entity292 , and one (2%) of 49 @entity1 with spinal AVFs harbored two spinal @entity292 . Twelve @entity1 were found to have a lesion at two separate sites, seven @entity1 had them at three locations, and one @entity1 had four @entity292 , each at a different site. In the subgroup with multiple AVFs the percentage of @entity548 at presentation was three times higher than in the entire group (p = 0.01). Cortical venous drainage in cranial @entity292 was present in 84% of @entity1 with @entity75 compared with 46% of @entity1 with solitary lesions (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple dural AVFs are not rare. In this group of 284 @entity1 it was found in 8.1% of all @entity1 with cranial dural AVFs. Multiplicity was associated with a higher percentage of @entity1211 , a pattern of drainage reportedly yielding a higher risk for @entity548 .

title: Multiplicity of dural arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['cranial and spinal dural AVFs', 'Dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['cranial AVFs']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['cortical venous drainage']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: Osteochondral lesions of the talus are common injuries in recreational and professional athletes, with up to 50% of acut @entity3681 frac @entity174 eloping some form of chon @entity130 rgical treatment paradigms aim to restore the articular surface with a repair tissue similar to native cartilage and to provide long-term symptomatic relief.    Arthroscopic bone-marrow stimulation techniques, such as microfracture and drilling, perforate the subchondral plate with multiple openings to recruit mesenchymal stem cells from the underlying bone marrow to stimulate the differentiation of fibrocartilaginous repair tissue in the defect site. The ability of fibrocartilage to withstand mechanical loading and protect the subchondral bone over time is a concern.    Autologous osteochondral transplantation techniques replace the defect with a tubular unit of viable hyaline cartilage and bone from a donor site in the ipsilateral knee. In rare cases, a graft can also be harvested from the ipsilateral talus or contralateral knee. The limitations of donor site morbidity and the potential need for an osteotomy about the ankle should be considered. Some anterior or far post @entity75 be accessed without arthrotomy or with a plafondplasty.    Oste @entity8 h a large surface area to be replaced with a single unit of viable articular cartilage and subchondral bone from a donor that is matched to size, shape, and surface curvature. The best available evidence suggests that this procedure should be limited to large-volume cystic lesions or salvage procedures.    Autologous chondrocyte implantation techniques require a two-stage procedure, the first for chondrocyte harvest and the second for implantation in a periosteum-covered or matrix-induced form after in vivo culture expansion. Theoretically, the transplantation of chondrocyte-like cells into the defect will result in hyaline-like repair tissue.

title: Operative treatment of XXXX of the talus.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondral allograft transplantation allows an osteochondral lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['acute ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['posterior talar lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chondral injury']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral lesions']