abstract: Impaired @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) function around parturition has been associated with increased clinical @entity1271 in dairy @entity291 . Rolling and attachment of @entity6415 to the endothelium is the first step in the recruitment process and is accomplished by interaction between L-selectin on @entity6415 and its ligand on endothelial cells. Furthermore, @entity669 phosphorylation is involved in the initiation of many @entity6415 functions. The objective of this work was to determine changes in expression of L-selectin and @entity669 phosphorylation in the perinatal period. Eight clinically healthy Holstein @entity291 were used as @entity6415 donors at d-21, -14, -7,0 (calving), +1, +2, +7, +14, +28. Evaluation of L-selectin expression was carried out on activated and resting @entity6415 . Anti-bovine L-selectin monoclonal antibody (MAB) and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure the percentage of @entity6415 fluorescing and receptor expression (log mean fluorescent channel, LMFC). Activated and resting @entity6415 showed similar trends in % @entity6415 fluorescence and LM FC. The percentage of @entity6415 fluorescing tended to decrease at parturition, followed by a significant increase at d +14 and +28 (P < 0.02). For LMFC a decrease was observed on d +1 followed by an increase through d +28 (P < 0.01). Protein @entity669 phosphorylation of lysates prepared from @entity6415 isolated throughout the study was detected by electrophoresis and western blotting using anti- @entity10393 MAB. Several protein bands were @entity669 phosphorylated. Two of these bands (42-44 kDa and 90 kDa) varied in intensity over time. The intensity of the 42-44 kDa band gradually increased from d -7, peaked at d +7 (P < 0.03), and steadily decreased to d +28 (P < 0.02). Antibody to activated mitogen protein kinase reacted with the 42-44 kDa band. Reduced @entity6415 function during the periparturient period could be related to reduced L-selectin adhesion molecules on the cell surface, and to modulation in the phosphorylation of functionally important molecules.

title: Evaluation of L-selectin expression and assessment of protein @entity669 phosphorylation in XXXX polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes around parturition.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of sinus venosus @entity118 ( @entity118 ) with high @entity358 ( @entity358 ) using an internal patch may be complicated by obstruction of the superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) or pulmonary veins, or both, and @entity1817 . In cases in which the anomalous veins insert more than 2 cm above the cavoatrial junction, we have adopted the technique of caval division in which the @entity6480 is divided and the proximal end is anastomosed to the right atrial appendage, and the distal @entity6480 serves as a conduit for pulmonary venous drainage to the left atrium through the @entity118 . We retrospectively compare the results of the internal patch repair versus the Warden technique. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2004, 54 @entity1 diagnosed with sinus venosus @entity118 and @entity358 have undergone repair at our institution. Mean age was 13.4 years (range, 1.5 to 58). Thirteen @entity1 (24%) had high insertion of anomalous veins and underwent the Warden technique. Follow-up averages 4.3 years (range, 1 to 13). RESULTS: There were no early or late deaths. All @entity1 remain in normal sinus rhythm. Twelve of the 13 @entity1 with Warden procedure have had postoperative echocardiograms, and 11 of these @entity1 showed no evidence of @entity6480 or @entity3885 . In 1 @entity1 , symptomatic @entity3885 developed and required revision of a contracted intra-atrial pericardial baffle. CONCLUSIONS: Caval division for treatment of high @entity358 appears to be safe and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. The Warden procedure is an effective surgical option for @entity1 undergoing correction of high @entity358 .

title: Caval division technique for sinus venosus XXXX with @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'PAPVC']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: AIMS: This study evaluates the use of local @entity2069 and @entity21786 strains in a single mixed antigen for in-house IgG western blots in the routine diagnostic setting by comparing it with the current in-house protocol. METHODS: Sera from 233 @entity1 from areas of Scotland with low and high prevalence for @entity3001 were tested by western blots prepared from reference strain antigen ( @entity2069 ) and mixed antigen ( @entity2069 and @entity21786 ). Results were scored using original and revised criteria, and results were compared. RESULTS: The mixed antigen produced significantly more bands than the reference antigen. Using the original interpretation criteria the mixed antigen produced more positive results than the reference antigen (90 versus 85). When the revised criteria were applied to the mixed antigen there were 14 more @entity1 with positive results than with the reference antigen (99 versus 85); this difference was significant. Although 22 @entity1 were positive with the mixed antigen and revised criteria, but negative/equivocal with the reference antigen, eight @entity1 who were positive with reference antigen remained negative with the mixed antigen. The positive predictive value of the two antigen preparations was the same (96%). The negative predictive value of the mixed antigen with revised criteria was higher than the reference antigen (96% versus 88%), but the specificity was similar (97% versus 98%). CONCLUSIONS: The mixed antigen and revised interpretation criteria have been successfully incorporated into the routine diagnostic testing service, increasing the sensitivity of the in-house IgG western blot test for Scottish @entity1 .

title: Local @entity2069 and XXXX strains in a single mixed antigen improves western blot sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21786 :: ('29518', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia afzelii', 'B afzelii']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto', 'B burgdorferi sensu stricto']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

answer: @entity21786 :: (29518,Species) :: ['Borrelia afzelii']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate topical loading as an alternative to intravitreal injection for @entity3281 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) of the visual system. METHODS: Topical administration of 0.5 to 1.5 M @entity13718 and intravitreal injections with 0.5  L 100 mM and 2  L 1 M @entity13718 for @entity19 MEMRI were conducted, followed by immunohistochemistry. In another @entity19 group, two topical administrations of 1 M @entity3281 were applied to the same animals 7 days apart, to evaluate the use of MEMRI in a time course study. Dynamic imaging was also conducted to reveal how @entity3281 travels to the retina. MEMRI with topically loaded @entity13718 was also conducted in eyes with @entity2479 , to evaluate whether the enhancements required healthy neurons. RESULTS: After 1 day, topical administration of 1 M and 1.5 M @entity13718 rendered significant signal enhancement (up to 20%) in the superior colliculus (P < 0.05) that was equivalent to that of the 2- L 1 M injection. Repeated exposure to @entity3281 showed reproduced enhancement. Dynamic imaging showed significant enhancement in the iris, retina, and lens boundary, but not in the vitreous space. In @entity63 , no enhancement of MEMRI was detected in the optic nerves. The immunohistochemistry of the optic nerve (1.5 mm anterior to the chiasm) and retina showed no injury 1 week after @entity3281 topical administrations to each @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated the feasibility of using topical administration of @entity3281 for MEMRI. Topically loaded @entity3281 did not diffuse into the vitreous space, but was it may have been absorbed into the iris to diffuse or travel via the capillary circulation to reach the retina.

title: Noninvasive topical loading for manganese-enhanced MRI of the XXXX visual system.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a prospective, open label study to examine the safety and efficacy of the long-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant @entity3659 in @entity1 with @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 94 @entity1 were stratified into 2 groups, namely a National Institute of @entity6 and Digestive and @entity8 (NIDDK) group of those who fulfilled NIDDK criteria for @entity2335 and a nonNIDDK group of those who presented with characteristic @entity2335 symptoms but met at least 1 NIDDK exclusion criterion. @entity3659 was received strictly at bedtime following an established self-titration protocol without a limitation of the maximum daily dose. @entity1 reporting improvement in a global response assessment questionnaire were considered treatment responders. Further efficacy measures were changes in @entity158 and urgency, functional bladder capacity and frequency. Changes in the O'Leary-Sant @entity2335 index and rating of overall satisfaction with the therapeutic outcome were also reported. RESULTS: Mean study followup +/- SD was 19.0 +/- 12.5 months. The response rate was 64% (60 @entity1 ). The overall mean dose was 55 mg (range 12.5 to 150). Side effects occurred in 79 @entity1 (84%), including @entity2133 in 79% and @entity1017 in 59%. @entity1 overall satisfaction with the therapeutic result was excellent or good in 43 (46%). The dropout rate was 31% (29 @entity1 ) after a mean treatment period of 6 weeks at a mean dose of 70 mg. Nonresponse to treatment was the primary reason for dropout in all cases, while side effects contributed to dropout in 25 (86%). Improvement in the various @entity2335 symptoms was statistically significant compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term administration of @entity3659 is a feasible, safe and effective treatment for @entity2335 , provided that the drug is used judiciously to minimize adverse effects. The therapeutic response to @entity3659 was uniformly observed in @entity1 fulfilling NIDDK criteria and in those with the pure clinical diagnosis of @entity2335 .

title: Long-term results of @entity3659 treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline', 'amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: Neural stem cells generate a wide spectrum of cell types in developing and adult nervous systems. These cells are marked by expression of the intermediate filament nestin. We used the regulatory elements of the nestin gene to generate @entity19 in which neural stem cells of the embryonic and adult brain are marked by the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). We used these animals as a reporter line for studying neural stem and progenitor cells in the developing and adult nervous systems. In these nestin-GFP animals, we found that GFP-positive cells reflect the distribution of nestin-positive cells and accurately mark the neurogenic areas of the adult brain. Nestin-GFP cells can be isolated with high purity by using fluorescent-activated cell sorting and can generate multipotential neurospheres. In the adult brain, nestin-GFP cells are approximately 1,400-fold more efficient in generating neurospheres than are GFP-negative cells and, despite their small number, give rise to 70 times more neurospheres than does the GFP-negative population. We characterized the expression of a panel of differentiation markers in GFP-positive cells in the nestin-GFP transgenics and found that these cells can be divided into two groups based on the strength of their GFP signal: GFP-bright cells express @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) but not betaIII-tubulin, whereas GFP-dim cells express betaIII-tubulin but not @entity9327 . These two classes of cells represent distinct classes of neuronal precursors in the adult @entity1 brain, and may reflect different stages of neuronal differentiation. We also found unusual features of nestin-GFP-positive cells in the subgranular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Together, our results indicate that GFP-positive cells in our transgenic animals accurately represent neural stem and progenitor cells and suggest that these nestin-GFP-expressing cells encompass the majority of the neural stem cells in the adult brain.

title: Neural stem and progenitor cells in nestin-GFP XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of 8 weeks of lower body resistance training on @entity4854 and @entity2299 , which may be prevalent among nonelderly, nondiabetic, chronically disabled @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. SETTING: Outpatient clinics of rehabilitation centers. @entity1 : Nonelderly, nondiabetic, chronically disabled @entity64 subjects (N=56) were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=28) and a control group (n=28). INTERVENTIONS: Lower body resistance training was performed by subjects in the experimental group 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group was given duration-matched stretch exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting @entity413 level, fasting insulin level, 2-hour blood @entity413 level during oral @entity413 tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), total @entity412 level, total @entity165 level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 level, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 level, body mass index, lower limb muscle strength, and Fugl-Meyer motor score. RESULTS: Before the intervention, 34 subjects (60.7%) had @entity4854 and 38 (67.9%) had @entity2299 . Fifty-one subjects finished the study. Subjects in the experimental group (n=26) showed significant improvements in fasting insulin and 2-hour blood @entity413 levels; HOMA-IR; total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 levels; and muscle strength compared with control subjects (n=25) after the intervention (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training may play a significant role in improving @entity4854 and @entity2299 , which are frequently present among nonelderly, nondiabetic, chronically disabled @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Resistance Training Improves XXXX and @entity2299 , Highly Prevalent Among Nonelderly, Nondiabetic, Chronically Disabled @entity64 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: 35 @entity957 examined previously by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) exhibited 5 up to 47 copy number alterations (CNAs). 13 of those cases showed a loss of parts of the short arm of chromosome 9, band @entity3544 being affected in all of these cases. A highly complex but strikingly consistent pattern of genomic imbalances with an average 31.5 CNAs per @entity5 was associated with this deletion, and gains clearly dominated over losses of genomic material. Comparable patterns, however, could also be found in @entity5 with a high number of CNAs (24 CNAs) but without the deletion. Low numbers of imbalances were accompanied by low consistency of the CNA patterns. None of these latter cases showed the deletion 9p21. 66.7% of the dim(9 @entity3544 )-positive @entity5 were of class pT4 (vs. 22% in dim(9 @entity3544 )-negative cases), 77% of stage III or IV (vs. 47% in the group without the deletion), but only 8% of the dim(9 @entity3544 )-positive @entity5 were classified as grade 3 (vs. 41% in the negative group). Other clinicopathologic features like prevalence of relapse, or survival time could not be as clearly associated with the deletion. For instance, short relapse-free survival was clearly associated with a high number of CNAs, rather independent of presence or absence of dim(9p21) in the affected @entity5 . From these findings it is concluded that previously found associations of 9p21 deletion with clinical parameters can reasonably be estimated only in the context of the pattern and complexity of the genomic imbalances accompanying this @entity393 in the examined @entity5 .

title: Loss of 9p21 is embedded in a complex but consistent pattern of genomic imbalances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The protein moiety of Lp[a] is widely believed to consist of one molecule of @entity755 and one molecule of apo[a] per particle, linked by at least one @entity1520 bond. In this study we have re-examined the composition of Lp[a] to determine if other less abundant apolipoproteins might be present. Analysis of Lp[a] by @entity3208 - @entity2975 electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed bands corresponding to < 200 kD but > 50 kD, 40 kD, 26 kD, 23 kD and 9 kD when stained with @entity575 . Western immunoblot analysis of three preparations of Lp[a] revealed the presence of @entity2204 and @entity16990 . Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to quantify @entity1675 , @entity3294 , @entity45925 , @entity8623 , @entity12436 , @entity2204 and @entity755 in Lp[a] and autologous LDL isolated from three healthy males. There is a significant amount of @entity1675 in the Lp[a], although the levels varied widely among the different samples. @entity2204 concentrations were consistent in the three Lp[a] samples and were between 22 and 26% of relative @entity755 concentrations. Relatively minor amounts of @entity3294 and no apoCs were detectable in the three Lp[a] preparations. In contrast, the autologous LDL preparations contained relatively higher amounts of @entity1675 , @entity3294 , @entity2204 , @entity45925 , @entity8623 and @entity12436 . The identity of the multiple bands corresponding to < 200 kD and > 54 kD and 9 kD is not established.

title: Identification and quantification of apolipoproteins in addition to apo[a] and XXXX in human lipoprotein[a].

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apo B-100']


abstract: FRAX-based cost-effective intervention thresholds in the Swiss setting were determined. Assuming a willingness to pay at 2  Gross Domestic Product per capita, an intervention aimed at reducing @entity174 risk in @entity1 and @entity1 with a 10-year probability for a major @entity3604 at or above 15% is cost-effective. INTRODUCTION: The @entity174 risk assessment algorithm FRAX   has been recently calibrated for Switzerland. The aim of the present analysis was to determine FRAX-based @entity174 probabilities at which intervention becomes cost-effective. METHODS: A previously developed and validated state transition Markov cohort model was populated with Swiss epidemiological and cost input parameters. Cost-effective FRAX-based intervention thresholds (cost-effectiveness approach) and the cost-effectiveness of intervention with @entity561 (original molecule) in subjects with a FRAX-based @entity174 risk equivalent to that of a @entity1 with a prior @entity174 and no other risk factor (translational approach) were calculated based on the Swiss FRAX model and assuming a willingness to pay of 2 times Gross Domestic Product per capita for one Quality-adjusted Life-Year. RESULTS: In Swiss @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50 years and older, drug intervention aimed at decreasing @entity174 risk was cost-effective with a 10-year probability for a major @entity3604 at or above 13.8% (range 10.8% to 15.0%) and 15.1% (range 9.9% to 19.9%), respectively. Age-dependent variations around these mean values were modest. Using the translational approach, treatment was cost-effective or cost-saving after the age 60 years in @entity1 and 55 in @entity1 who had previously sustained a @entity174 . Using the latter approach leads to considerable underuse of the current potential for cost-effective interventions against @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Using a FRAX-based intervention threshold of 15% for both @entity1 and @entity1 should permit cost-effective access to therapy to @entity1 at high @entity174 probability based on clinical risk factors and thereby contribute to further reduce the growing burden of @entity3604 in Switzerland.

title: Cost-effective intervention thresholds against XXXX based on FRAX   in Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (sdLDL-C) is a recently recognised marker of @entity65 risk. On the other hand, the usefulness of sdLDL- @entity755 concentration determination in clinical practice offers grounds for further exploration. This study investigates the associations of sdLDL-C and sdLDL- @entity755 with serum lipid parameters and LDL size in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: The concentrations of sdLDL-C and sdLDL- @entity755 were measured after heparin- @entity1760 precipitation of serum samples from ninety-five asymptomatic subjects (47 @entity1 , 30 premenopausal and 18 menopausal @entity1 ). LDL size was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis and serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters were measured by routine laboratory methods. RESULTS: Compared to premenopausal @entity1 , @entity1 had higher sdLDL-C (P<0.001) and sdLDL- @entity755 concentrations (P<0.001). No difference in the sdLDL-C concentration was found between @entity1 and menopausal @entity1 . Menopause status was associated with higher concentrations of both sdLDL-C (P<0.01) and sdLDL- @entity755 (P<0.05). Subjects with the LDL B phenotype had elevated sdLDL-C (P<0.01) and sdLDL- @entity755 concentrations (P<0.001). LDL size and @entity1674 were independent determinants of both sdLDL-C and sdLDL- @entity755 concentrations. CONCLUSION: Gender and menopausal status have significant impact on sdLDL-C and sdLDL- @entity755 concentrations. The variability in sdLDL-C and sdLDL- @entity755 levels is considerably influenced by changes in LDL size and @entity412 concentration. Our results suggest that the characterisation of sdLDL particles by evaluating sdLDL-C could be complemented with sdLDL- @entity755 determination.

title: Small, dense LDL XXXX and apolipoprotein B: relationship with serum lipids and LDL size.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The changes in @entity857 -induced @entity1423 , plasma @entity2002 , plasminogen, and @entity2002 degradation products were studied in @entity1 ages 25-45 who were taking shortacting oral contraceptives (OCs) first, and then low @entity172 longacting pills. Blood samples were obtained before the longacting pills were takenand about 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year thereafter. Normal volunteers of similar age were controls. The degree of @entity1423 was significantly higher in @entity1 who took the longacting pills than in the controls. After stopping the pills, tplatelet aggeregation returned to normal, indicating a reversible effect. On the other hand, the degree of @entity1423 was lower in @entity1 taking lower @entity172 longacting pills than in controls. The level of @entity2002 was increased in both shortacting and low @entity172 longacting groups but it decreased to a normal level after 1 year. Plasminogen values were also higher in pill groups than in controls; the FDP values, however, were within the normal range in both groups. Results suggest that the alterations produced in the coagulating and fibrinolytic mechanisms by OCs are those that tend to maintain an equilibrium in the coagulation-fibrinolysis system. (author's modified)

title: [Effect of oral contraceptive on @entity1423 , plasma @entity2002 , fibrinolytic activity in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the induction and recovery times, postsedation observation durations, and adverse effects of @entity4671 and @entity3652 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity174 and/or dislocations requiring closed reduction in the emergency department. METHODS: Forty-four healthy @entity1 aged 7 to 18 years were included. The @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (24 @entity1 ) received @entity4671 and @entity3575 , and group 2 (20 @entity1 ) received @entity3652 intravenously. The Ramsay Sedation Scale and American Pediatric Association discharge criteria were used to evaluate the @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 70 fractured bones and 3 joint dislocations. Except in 1 case (2.3%), all of the injuries were reducted successfully. The mean amount of drugs used to provide adequate sedation and analgesia were 0.25 mg/kg of @entity4671 and 1.30  g/kg of @entity3575 in group 1 and 1.25 mg/kg of @entity3652 in group 2. Fourteen @entity1 (31.8%) reported adverse effects, and none required hospitalization. There was no difference between the groups in the recovery times, occurrence of adverse effects, and postsedation observation durations (P > 0.05). The mean (SD) induction time for the @entity1 in group 1 was 4.3 (1.0) minutes, whereas it was 2.2 (1.6) minutes in group 2 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4671 induces effective and adequate sedation in the pediatric emergency department for @entity158 . @entity3652 , which has longer action times, might be preferred for reductions because orthopedic procedures could be lengthy.

title: @entity4671 Versus XXXX : Effective Use in Emergency Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Orthopedic Injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful orthopedic procedures']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: The results presented here show clearly that the rapid nocturnal increase in circulating @entity2493 in @entity742 is associated with an equally rapid increase in @entity2493 production in the pineal gland. Pineal @entity60365 activity and NAS concentration also increased under this condition, indicating that @entity60365 activity is an important factor in this process. According to the current model for the regulation of pineal @entity2493 production in the @entity35 , the large nocturnal increase in @entity60365 activity is the major factor responsible for the daily rhythm in @entity2493 , as well as for the opposite rhythm in @entity750 and its oxidation products in the pineal gland. Increased @entity60365 activity in the pineal gland at night channels @entity750 toward @entity2493 production at an enhanced rate, thereby causing pineal @entity750 levels to drop. This, in turn, leads to decreased production of oxidative metabolites due to reduced substrate availability for MAO. Thus, the large increase in @entity60365 activity acts as the key factor, directly or indirectly, for the generation of all rhythms in @entity750 metabolites in the pineal gland, and possibly in the circulation. Such an exclusive role for @entity60365 is doubtful in the @entity742 pineal gland for the following reasons: First, the nocturnal increase in @entity60365 activity is relatively small (3-5-fold) compared to the @entity35 (50-100-fold). Second, in at least two instances--a 30 min light pulse and @entity3159 treatment--there was a clear dissociation between @entity2493 production and @entity60365 activity. This lack of correlation between @entity60365 activity and @entity2493 production does not seem to be due to @entity750 availability since @entity750 levels did not change under the above conditions. Further, @entity750 levels were found to decrease rather than increase when @entity2493 levels increased at night. Finally, our observation that @entity2493 production can be increased during the day by increasing @entity750 levels in the pineal gland may reflect only the incompletely saturated nature of pineal @entity60365 and may have little relevance for the physiological regulation of pineal @entity2493 production. Even though @entity60365 activity may not be the only factor responsible for the rhythmic production of @entity750 metabolites in @entity742 pineal gland, activation of the @entity750 ---- @entity2493 pathway seems to be the primary metabolic response involved in this regulation, since the rhythms in the @entity750 metabolites are similar in both @entity35 and @entity742 . In the @entity35 , the activation of the @entity750 ---- @entity2493 pathway is brought about exclusively by the increase in @entity60365 activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of XXXX synthesis in the ovine pineal gland.

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate regional cone dysfunction in @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) by recording focal electroretinograms (FERGs) from the central and paracentral retinal regions and to correlate the FERG with perimetric sensitivity losses. METHODS: Twenty-three typical @entity1 with @entity6391 (age, 18-65 years; visual acuity, 20/100 to 20/20; kinetic visual field by size II/4e, 20-40 degrees ) and eight age-matched control subjects were evaluated. FERGs were recorded in response to either a central (eccentricity, 0-2.25 degrees ) or a paracentral annular (2.25-9 degrees ) field, presented on a light-adapting background. Fields' luminances (mean: 80 cd/m(2)) were sinusoidally modulated at different temporal frequencies (TFs; 10.3, 14, 21, 32, 41, and 52 Hz). Amplitude and phase of the responses' fundamental harmonic (1F) were measured. Perimetric sensitivity was measured by a visual field perimeter. For each @entity1 , mean sensitivity losses were calculated for both the central (0-2.25 degrees ) and paracentral (2.25-9 degrees ) regions. RESULTS: On average, central and paracentral FERGs of @entity1 with @entity6391 were reduced in amplitude (P </= 0.05) compared with control values. Amplitude losses tended to be smaller in the central than the paracentral region and were limited to low-medium TFs (10.3-14 Hz). Paracentral losses were rather invariant with TF. Paracentrally, but not centrally, the FERG phase in @entity1 was delayed on average (P < 0.01), compared with control values. The central FERG phase was delayed only in @entity1 with visual acuities less than 20/40. In individual @entity1 , paracentral 41-Hz amplitude losses were positively correlated with corresponding perimetric losses (r = 0.7, P < 0.005). Both central and paracentral 41-Hz amplitudes displayed high specificity (87.5% and 100%, respectively) with relatively low sensitivity (46.6% and 63.6%, respectively) in predicting perimetric results in corresponding retinal regions. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6391 , central and paracentral FERGs are differently altered as a function of TF, indicating regional differences in the stage and/or pathophysiology of retinal cone dysfunction. @entity854 may predict, to some extent, perimetric results at corresponding retinal regions. The data support the use of the present FERG method to evaluate regional cone dysfunction in different stages of @entity6391 .

title: Regional cone dysfunction in XXXX evaluated by flicker ERGs: relationship with perimetric sensitivity losses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['FERG abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: Prostates obtained at autopsy from five different ethnic groups were serially step-sectioned and examined microscopically using identical techniques and diagnostic criteria. The groups consisted of African-American and white males from the United States of America, Japanese immigrants in Hawaii, and Japanese @entity1 in Japan. The prostates were collected between 1965 and 1979. The fifth group consisted of newly collected prostates from indigenous Japanese between 1982 and 1986. The frequency of latent @entity263 from @entity1 under 50 years of age was compared to each other and with those from @entity1 over 50 years of age. @entity189 was not found in @entity1 between 30 and 39 years old in any groups except indigenous Japanese @entity1 (6%) who died from 1982 to 1986. The frequency of @entity189 in the @entity1 in fifth decade varied from 0 to 20%. Latent @entity5 was not found in the African-Americans in the fifth decade. There was an age-dependent @entity263 in all groups. The Japanese prostates from 1982 to 1986 had a higher rate of latent @entity5 than the ones from 1965 to 1979 in each decade. International comparison of the latent @entity263 from the @entity1 under 50 years of age showed similar tendency as those from over 50 years old, Japanese @entity1 had a marked increase in the frequency of @entity263 from 1965-1979 to 1982-1986. These data suggest that the prevalence of @entity263 may be increasing worldwide.

title: The frequency of latent XXXX in young males: the Japanese experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'increase in prostate cancer', 'latent prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Latent carcinoma', 'latent carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) has been used safely and effectively for many years in @entity1 for the treatment of @entity71 with @entity2915 ( @entity71 ). Behavioural and cognitive sequelae to @entity131 ( @entity131 ) have features in common with @entity71 , and @entity7541 has been reported to be an effective treatment in adults with @entity131 . There is little literature documenting the efficacy of @entity7541 in @entity1 with @entity131 . A chart review of 10 @entity1 who had sustained @entity131 and were subsequently treated with @entity7541 was performed. Nine of the cases resulted from motor-vehicle accidents, and one from a fall. The severity of @entity131 ranged from mild to severe. In eight of the cases, @entity7541 was used for cognitive and behavioural problems, and in two cases it was used to stimulate minimally responsive @entity1 . The introduction of @entity7541 improved cognitive function, behaviour and arousal as measured by parental and teacher reports, evaluation by in-/outpatient rehabilitation team, and/or neuropsychometric testing. @entity7541 appears to be an effective treatment for post- @entity131 cognitive and behavioural sequelae in @entity1 , as well as improving arousal in the minimally responsive brain-injured @entity1 . Further prospective research is necessary to clarify the role of @entity7541 in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: The use of XXXX in paediatric @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: @entity3582 and @entity4772 are both associated with @entity5 and unusual clinical syndromes. Although the etiologies of these conditions are unknown, their clinical courses are interesting, so we are reporting two cases of these conditions separately. Case 1: A 20-year-old @entity1 had an @entity421 originating in the 2nd thoracic vertebra which was developing in the mediastinal region. He had complained of @entity1183 and @entity4 in the left arm and of clubbing of the fingers of both hands. A chest radiograph showed a billiard-ball-sized, round opacity in the left upper mediastinal region. Periosteal new bone formation was demonstrated symmetrically in both humeri, radii, ulnae, femurs, tibiae, fibulae and metacarpals. Case 2: A 30-year-old @entity1 had complained of lower back, hip, knee and @entity158 and @entity425 of five years' duration and was admitted to the National Yokosuka Hospital. Surum @entity3151 was 0.7 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase was 24.9 K.A. and @entity15157 was noted. He had a @entity82 on the right thigh, and after removal of the @entity5 , his symptoms improved dramatically and pertinent laboratory data returned to normal. However, ossification of the ligaments of the spine subsequently developed.

title: [ @entity3582 and XXXX associated with @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemic osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous xanthoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy']

answer: @entity4772 :: (MESH:D010018,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatemic osteomalacia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) endobronchial brachytherapy is widely used as a palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity1224 by primary or secondary @entity5 . We report on a successful use of @entity1168 brachytherapy in @entity1 with nonmalignant @entity1224 . DESIGN: Case series @entity1 : Six @entity1 received @entity1168 brachytherapy for @entity1224 caused by granulation tissue around a metal stent placed for restoration of the airway patency for nonmalignant causes. In four @entity1 , brachytherapy was performed following recurrent occlusion of the airway by granulation tissue formation; in two @entity1 , it was done as a prophylactic procedure. INTERVENTION: @entity1168 brachytherapy catheters were passed through the metal stents under direct fluoroscopic guidance. Simulation and computerized treatment planning were done, and a single dose of 10 Gy was administered using a brachytherapy remote afterloader with a (192)Ir source. The dose was prescribed to a distance of 1 cm from the center of the source, with a margin of 1 cm from the proximal and distal ends of the stent. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 15 months, moderate granulation tissue formation was observed in only one @entity1 ; in four others, it was categorized as minimal, 5 to 30 months from the procedure. Restoration of the lumen was complete in four @entity1 , near complete in one @entity1 , and partial in one @entity1 . In one @entity1 , previously treated by external radiotherapy, local tissue @entity39 was evident. CONCLUSION: @entity1168 brachytherapy can be used safely for nonmalignant @entity1224 . Further studies including more @entity1 and longer follow-up are needed.

title: XXXX brachytherapy for nonmalignant @entity1224 : new treatment option.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['High dose rate', 'HDR']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['High dose rate']


abstract: Edible berry extracts rich in @entity4211 possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic, pharmacologic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Six berry extracts (wild blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, elderberry, raspberry seeds and strawberry), singly and in combination, were studied in our laboratories for antioxidant efficacy, cytotoxic potential, cellular uptake and anti-angiogenic properties. Combinations of edible berry extracts were evaluated to develop a synergistic formula, OptiBerry, which exhibited high @entity26 radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, low @entity137 and superior anti-angiogenic properties compared to the other combinations tested. The current study sought to determine the broad spectrum safety and antioxidant potential of OptiBerry in vivo. Acute oral LD(50) of OptiBerry was greater than 5 g/kg in @entity35 . Acute dermal LD(50) of OptiBerry was greater than 2 g/kg. No changes in the body weight or adverse effects were observed following necropsy. Primary skin and eye irritation studies were conducted in New Zealand albino @entity95 . OptiBerry was classified as slightly irritating to the skin (primary skin irritation index 0.3) and minimally irritating to the eye (maximum mean total score 6.0). The antioxidant potential of OptiBerry was investigated in @entity35 and @entity19 by assessing @entity2197 redox status in tissues as well as by a unique state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging of whole-body redox status. A clinically relevant hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) exposure system (2 atm, 2 h) was employed to study the antioxidant properties of OptiBerry. OptiBerry feeding (8 weeks) significantly prevented HBO-induced @entity2197 oxidation in the lung and liver of @entity270 -deficient @entity35 . Furthermore, OptiBerry-fed @entity19 , when exposed to HBO, demonstrated significant protection in whole-body HBO-induced oxidation compared to the unfed controls by EPR imaging. Taken together, these results indicate that OptiBerry is reasonably safe and possess antioxidant properties.

title: Safety and whole-body antioxidant potential of a novel XXXX -rich formulation of edible berries.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity4211 :: (MESH:D000872,Chemical) :: ['anthocyanin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of @entity550 ( @entity550 ), also referred to as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, in regulating cognitive control is a topic of primary importance in @entity73 . Although many studies have shown that @entity550 responds to cognitive demands, lesion studies in @entity1 are inconclusive concerning the causal role of the @entity550 in the adaptation to these demands. By elegantly combining single-cell recordings with behavioural methods, Sheth et al. [Sheth, S. et al. @entity1 dorsal anterior cingulate cortex neurons mediate ongoing behavioural adaptation. Nature 488, 218-22 (2012).] recently were able to show that neurons in @entity73 . Importantly, this study also claimed that focal lesions of the @entity550 abolished behavioural adaptation to cognitive demands. Here we show that the absence of post-cingulotomy behavioural adaptation reported in this study may have been due to practice effects. We run a control condition where we tested subjects before and after a dummy treatment, which substituted cingulotomy with a filler task (presentation of a documentary). The results revealed abolished behavioural adaptation following the dummy treatment. Our findings suggest that future work using proper experimental designs is needed to advance the understanding of the causal role of the @entity550 in behavioural adaptation.

title: Practice explains abolished behavioural adaptation after XXXX dorsal anterior cingulate cortex lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCC encode cognitive demand', 'cognitive neuroscience']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'mid-cingulate cortex']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen consecutive @entity1 with adult-onset intradural spinal @entity44 underwent surgical treatment in our center from 1998 to 2013. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity44 is defined as a @entity5 composed of elements derived from three germ cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Intraspinal @entity44 is extremely rare and accounts for 0.2-0.5% of all @entity4097 . Moreover, @entity44 occurs primarily in neonates and young @entity1 . Adult-onset intradural spinal @entity44 is even rare. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of adult-onset intradural spinal @entity44 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 consecutive adult @entity1 with intradural @entity44 who were surgically treated in our center between 1998 and 2013. The clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies and surgical outcomes were discussed. Neurological function outcomes were evaluated by the JOA scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 18 included @entity1 , 4 @entity1 received subtotal resection and the other 14 @entity1 received total resection. All the 18 cases were diagnosed with mature @entity44 . The mean follow-up period was 79.7 (median 60.5; range 27-208) months. Local recurrence occurred in two of the four @entity1 who underwent subtotal resection and in no @entity1 who underwent total resection. The neurologic status improved in 16 cases and remained unchanged in the other two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Adult-onset intradural spinal @entity44 is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series of @entity1 with this disease. Despite the slow-growth and indolent nature, radical resection remains the recommended treatment to reduce @entity5 recurrence.

title: Adult-onset intradural spinal XXXX : report of 18 consecutive cases and outcomes in a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'Teratoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: Fourteen poorly controlled @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) @entity1 (HbA1c 11 +/- 0.5%) with a mean +/- SE duration of disease of 15 +/- 2 yr were studied to evaluate the hypoglycemic threshold for @entity73 under insulin-induced @entity4053 . The @entity3493 event-related potential, a measure of cognitive function, and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) in response to visual stimuli under euglycemic conditions and at plasma @entity413 concentrations of 3.5 and 2.5 mM (63 and 45 mg/dl, respectively) during a constant insulin infusion were recorded. Baseline @entity3493 latency was similar to that of a nondiabetic control group, but baseline @entity137 was greater in the @entity1723 group. There was no increase in @entity3493 latency or @entity137 under euglycemic clamp conditions or at a plasma @entity413 level of 3.5 mM (63 mg/dl). However, when plasma @entity413 was lowered to 2.5 mM (45 mg/dl), there was an increase in @entity3493 latency and a prolongation of @entity137 . As plasma @entity413 returned to baseline, @entity3493 latency and @entity137 remained prolonged. After administration of intravenous @entity413 and a meal, @entity3493 latency and @entity137 returned to baseline. @entity25897 , an event-related potential reflecting sensory processes, was not altered. Because @entity3493 latency changes paralleled @entity137 changes, @entity4053 appears to slow decision-making processes in @entity1723 . This study revealed that 1) baseline @entity3493 latency is not elevated in poorly controlled @entity1723 @entity1 , suggesting no cumulative @entity73 .

title: Hypoglycemic thresholds for @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['reaction time', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic sphincter augmentation, a successful treatment of @entity354 , has been applied to treat @entity1241 . The purpose of this feasibility study was to understand the safety profile as well as the potential benefit of this new device when it is implanted in @entity1 with @entity1241 . METHODS: A magnetic anal sphincter device was surgically implanted in candidates with documented @entity1241 of more than 2 @entity2749 per week at 3 investigational centers in Europe and the United States following ethics/institutional review board approval. The magnetic anal sphincter device was placed around the anal canal via a single anterior incision. All data were collected prospectively. The primary outcome measure was the reduction of incontinent @entity2749 based on a daily continence diary. RESULTS: To date 14 @entity1 have been implanted with the device (all female; mean age, 62.8 y; range, 41-74 y) with a median follow-up of 6 months. There have been no intraoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 3 days; range, 1 to 7 days. Adverse events were observed in 7 @entity1 . Three @entity1 are no longer implanted with a device; 2 devices were removed and one passed spontaneously following a separation at the suture connection. Five @entity1 with 6-month follow-up demonstrated a mean reduction in the number of average weekly @entity322 @entity2749 from 7.2 to 0.7 (90.9%) and a mean reduction in Wexner Continence Score from 17.2 to 7.8 (54.7%). Compared with baseline, quality of life improved in all 4 domains of the @entity1241 quality of life (FIQoL) scoring system. No @entity1 have reported that their condition has worsened. Two @entity1 at 1-year follow-up both reported perfect continence. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study describes the use of a new device to treat @entity1241 . Compared with existing devices, implantation is simple and it requires no adjustments from the physician or @entity1 once the device is implanted. Initial assessment with a small number of @entity1 shows promising outcomes with a limited incidence of complications and good restoration of continence.

title: Magnetic anal sphincter augmentation for the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary report from a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: Bio-load and bio-profile of @entity3069 @entity3068 was studied in the domestic livestock population of the country. Of the 23,429 farm and farmer's animals screened, average bio-load was 23.3% (Period of study; 28 years for @entity1237 ; 13 years for @entity742 , @entity291 and buffaloes). Species-wise, bio-load was 20.1, 32.7, 39.3 and 28.3% in @entity1237 , @entity742 , @entity291 and buffaloes, respectively. Bio-load was significantly lower in time period A (P < 0.001) and B (P < 0.03), compared with period C. Geographical zone-wise, bio-load of MAP was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Central zone compared with South, West, East and North zones. Bio-load in 11 states ranged from 16.2 to 87.8%. Of 8450, 5643, 8185 and 1151 samples screened by microscopy, culture, indigenous ELISA and IS900 blood PCR, 20.0, 10.6, 35.1 and 26.6% samples were positive, respectively. Bio-load was 32.8 and 31.6% in farm and farmer's @entity1237 and @entity742 , respectively, and 62.1% in farmer's @entity291 . MAP bio-load was also monitored in four farm units (three @entity1237 and one @entity742 ) for breed improvement and three farm @entity1237 units for experimental purposes at Central Institute for Research on @entity1237 in Mathura district. Of the 8025 @entity1237 and 1525 @entity742 that died from 1988 to 2013, 10.9 and 3.0% deaths were due to JD, respectively. On the basis of JD and suspected JD, 10.0 and 28.4% @entity1237 and 2.2 and 40.9% @entity742 , respectively were culled from the farm units in 25 years. Microscopic examination of 214 tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines) of 107 animals, it was observed that bio-load of MAP was high (25.0-60.0%) in farm animals. 'Indian Bison Type' was the dominant biotype, irrespective of domestic livestock species and the geographical zone.

title: 'Bio-load' and bio-type profiles of @entity3069 paratuberculosis infection in the domestic livestock population endemic for XXXX : a survey of 28 years (1985-2013) in India.

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subspecies']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['Johne's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate nasal and paranasal signs and symptoms of the primary @entity10632 @entity1 and compare them with healthy controls. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-seven (7 M, 70 F) primary @entity10632 @entity1 and 77 healthy controls were included in the study. Anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, 5 component smell discrimination test, nasal clearance analysis with @entity8021 test and electrorhinomanometer were performed. RESULTS: Nasal crusting was present in 31 and 24 individuals in @entity1 and control groups, respectively. @entity1244 was present in 2 and 1 individuals in @entity1 and control groups, respectively. @entity1412 was present in 7 and 1 individuals in @entity1 and control groups, respectively. These differences were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Although there were some findings in a few @entity1 , nasal findings were insignificant and mild even in @entity1 with severe oral or ocular findings. Rhinomanometry, nasal clearance determination or smell discrimination tests have very little value in the diagnosis or management of primary @entity10632 . @entity1412 was higher in the @entity1 group, though it did not reach a significant level. Nasal glandular involvement is mild and insignificant in primary @entity10632 .

title: Nasal and paranasal involvement in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['Sjogren s syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity10632 :: (MESH:D012859,Disease) :: ['Sjogren s syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) represents the antirheumatic drug mainly used in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). @entity6393 antigens are inducible nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules important for maintaining anti-inflammatory conditions. The @entity6393 gene is characterized by a deletion/insertion polymorphism of 14 bp that controls specific mRNA stability and protein levels. It has been reported that @entity1500 therapy mediates an increase of @entity688 -producing cells. This cytokine up-regulates @entity6393 expression. For this, we tested the hypothesis of an @entity1500 -mediated @entity6393 production and the possible relationship with the @entity6393 14-bp polymorphism. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and non- @entity1500 -treated @entity309 @entity1 were activated with different @entity1500 concentrations, and soluble @entity6393 (sHLA-G) and @entity688 production was investigated by specific immunoenzymatic assay. @entity6393 14-bp polymorphism genotyping was performed in healthy individuals and @entity309 @entity1 , defined as 'responders' and 'nonresponders' to the @entity1500 therapy. RESULTS: @entity1500 activation induces the production of sHLA-G molecules. A significant association was observed between the highest sHLA-G1 concentrations and the -14/-14 bp genotype. The analysis of the @entity6393 14-bp polymorphism in @entity1500 -treated @entity309 @entity1 has confirmed an increase of the -14/-14 bp genotype in the responder group (chi=6.12, P=0.02; chi test) (odds ratio=2.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-4.84) P=0.009; logistic regression model). CONCLUSION: Our results propose that the @entity1500 induces the production of the anti-inflammatory sHLA-G molecules that concur with the therapy response. Furthermore, the association between -14/-14 bp genotype and @entity1500 clinical outcome proposes this polymorphism as a therapy marker in the early phases of the disease.

title: @entity6393 14-bp polymorphism regulates the @entity1499 response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Traditionally secondary post-tonsillectomy @entity548 has been thought to be due to post-operative @entity281 and as such is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to identify clinical evidence of @entity281 in @entity1 with secondary post-tonsillectomy @entity548 that might justify the use of antibiotics in these @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection. SETTING: Tertiary University Teaching Hospital. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 admitted with post-tonsillectomy @entity548 over a 2-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Temperature, white cell count, Neutrophil count and @entity1851 . RESULTS: 47 @entity1 were admitted with secondary post-tonsillectomy @entity548 . Fifteen out of 47 @entity1 (32%) had an elevated white cell count but in them the other indicators of temperature and @entity1851 were extremely variable: none of these 15 @entity1 was pyrexial (> 37.6 C). An elevated @entity1851 was found in 55% of @entity1 but none had an elevated white cell count. The elevated @entity1851 may have been influenced by the recent surgery rather than @entity281 . Overall there was no clear interrelation between the indicators of @entity281 in the @entity1 and none had the three main indicators of @entity281 (pyrexia, increased white cell count and elevated @entity1851 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that clinical signs of @entity281 are lacking in @entity1 with secondary tonsillectomy @entity548 . Correspondingly the routine use of antibiotics should be questioned for secondary tonsillectomy @entity548 .

title: Is secondary @entity548 after tonsillectomy in adults an infective condition? Objective measures of XXXX in a prospective cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: We conducted a study to determine the costs of caring for @entity1 with @entity625 . Data were obtained from the Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) of Washington, DC. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all direct medical costs related to individual Medicaid recipients who obtained treatment for @entity625 . First, all data were adjusted for @entity1 compliance with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Second, we determined the actual expenditure of treating @entity625 . Last, the medical costs of treating adverse @entity344 were examined. There was a linear relationship between compliance and pharmaceutical dose schedule per diem. Treatment costs per quarter were  145; 54 percent of the cost was for NSAIDs with the remainder equally divided between physician and hospital costs. Approximately 25 percent of the population experienced NSAID-related @entity344 that required further medical care. The per-quarter mean cost of treating these adverse gastrointestinal drug reactions was  66 per @entity1 , which added nearly 46 percent to the per-quarter mean cost of treatment. The total cost of treating @entity1 with @entity625 therefore averaged  211 per quarter. Nearly one third of overall cost went to provide medical care to the 25 percent of the population who experienced adverse reactions, and slightly more than two thirds went towards treating the disease itself. Overall costs of treating @entity137 were accounted for by pharmaceuticals (about 42 percent), usually the @entity112 (H2)-receptor antagonist @entity4444 , rare but expensive inpatient hospital care (about 38 percent) and physician visits (about 20 percent).

title: Direct medical costs of disease and XXXX during treatment for @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal side effects']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal side effects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of mortality from @entity55 caused by @entity328 is increased in @entity1 with @entity82 . However, the specific pneumococcal virulence factors and host immune defects responsible for this finding have not been clearly established. This study used a cirrhotic @entity35 model of @entity2258 to identify defect(s) in @entity358 in the cirrhotic host and to determine the impact of the pneumococcal toxin @entity2505 on these defenses in the setting of severe @entity82 . RESULTS: No @entity82 -associated defects in mucociliary clearance of pneumococci were found in these studies, but early intrapulmonary killing of the organisms before the arrival of neutrophils was significantly impaired. This defect was exacerbated by @entity2505 production in cirrhotic but not in control @entity35 . Neutrophil-mediated killing of a particularly virulent type 3 pneumococcal strain also was significantly diminished within the lungs of cirrhotic @entity35 with @entity843 . Levels of lysozyme and complement component C3 were both significantly reduced in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from cirrhotic @entity35 . Finally, complement deposition was reduced on the surface of pneumococci recovered from the lungs of cirrhotic @entity35 in comparison to organisms recovered from the lungs of control animals. CONCLUSION: Increased mortality from @entity2258 in this cirrhotic host is related to defects in both early pre-neutrophil- and later neutrophil-mediated pulmonary killing of the organisms. The fact that @entity2505 production impaired pre-neutrophil-mediated pneumococcal killing in cirrhotic but not control @entity35 suggests that @entity2505 may be particularly detrimental to this defense mechanism in the severely cirrhotic host. The decrease in neutrophil-mediated killing of pneumococci within the lungs of the cirrhotic host is related to insufficient deposition of host proteins such as complement C3 on their surfaces. @entity2505 likely plays a role in complement consumption within the lungs. Our studies, however, were unable to determine whether @entity2505 more negatively impacted this defense mechanism in cirrhotic than in control @entity35 . These findings contribute to our understanding of the defects in @entity358 that lead to increased mortality from @entity2258 in the severely cirrhotic host. They also suggest that @entity2505 may be a particularly potent pneumococcal virulence factor in the setting of @entity82 .

title: @entity82 -induced defects in XXXX against @entity328 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2505 :: ('MESH:C032290', 'Chemical') :: ['pneumolysin', 'Pneumolysin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['innate pulmonary defenses']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['innate pulmonary defenses']


abstract: The spatial dynamics of @entity3151 and suspended solids were investigated for two years in a 1.8 km agricultural headwater stream, located by Chaohu Lake, southeastern China. The stream form was greatly modified by @entity1 activities. The stream could be divided into 4 channelized reaches (1.3 km), a pond reach (0.15 km) and 3 estuary reaches (0.36 km). It was found that the retention of total @entity3151 (TP), @entity1391 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) predominantly occurred in the pond reach and estuary reaches. TP, @entity1391 and @entity5 retained in the pond and estuary reaches accounted for more than 50% of those retained in whole stream. The retention mostly happened in the precipitation-runoff events and it was 10 to 27 times than that in baseflow. The results showed that channelized reaches were the most important source for pollutant release under either runoff or baseflow conditions, and it accounted for more than 90% of whole stream release. There was a high spatial variation of nutrient dynamics in different channelized reaches. The channelized reach directly discharging into the pond did always retain nutrients and @entity5 under base flow and runoff, whereas the other channelized reaches performed differently in different hydrological conditions. Stream forms, hydrological conditions, and nutrients characteristics controlled the high spatial variation of the nutrients and @entity5 in the stream, while the @entity1 practices would accelerate these spatial patterns.

title: [Spatial XXXX retention in an agricultural headwater stream].

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['total suspended solids', 'TSS']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is accompanied by reduced immunity, termed immunesenescence. The immune system does not act in isolation and is sensitive to both @entity1642 . @entity173 is a common physical stressor in older adults with a high incidence of new onset @entity308 , which relates to poorer prognosis. We therefore set out to examine the possible synergistic effects of physical stress ( @entity173 ) and @entity1642 ( @entity308 ) on the aged immune system. RESULTS: T cell phenotype and function was assessed in 101 @entity173 @entity1 (81 female) 6  weeks after @entity173 and 43 healthy age-matched controls (26 female). 38 @entity174 @entity1 had @entity308 at 6  weeks. T cell frequency (p   =   .01) and numbers (p   =   .003) were both lower in @entity308 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. The frequency of senescent @entity1361 (-ve) (p   =   .001), @entity4755 (+ve) (p   =   .001), @entity16143 (+ve) (p   =   .03) @entity405 T cells, as well as senescent @entity1361 (-ve) @entity404 (+ve) (p   =   .01) and @entity4755 (+ve) @entity404 (+ve) (p   =   .003) T cells were higher in @entity308 @entity1 compared with healthy controls and the frequency of @entity1361 (-ve) @entity405 T cells was also higher when compared to @entity1 with @entity173 alone (p   =   .01). Additionally, activated @entity7986 (+ve) (p   =   .005) and HLADR(+ve) (p   <   .001) @entity405 T cells, were also higher in @entity308 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. On examining cytokine production by activated T cells, a significant increase in @entity310 (p   =   .03) and @entity650 (p   =   .04) production was observed in @entity404 T cells from @entity173 @entity1 with @entity308 compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: As none of the @entity1 in the study had a prior history of @entity308 , our data suggest that the development of @entity308 in @entity173 @entity1 is associated with altered T cell phenotype and increased pro-inflammatory function which is not seen in @entity1 who do not develop @entity308 after @entity173 . Treating @entity308 promptly in @entity173 @entity1 may therefore improve immunity and outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: @entity308 post XXXX in older adults are associated with phenotypic and functional alterations in T cells.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed hip fracture', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress', 'psychological and physical stress']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infra-renal aortic cross-clamping is associated to renal effects. This study aimed at analyzing @entity1508 , @entity5161 and @entity2614 effects on renal function of @entity235 submitted to infra-renal aortic cross-clamping. METHODS: This study involved 30 mixed-breed @entity235 randomly distributed in three groups, according to equipotent anesthetic doses (0.75 MAC) of inhaled anesthetics: GH (n = 10) - 0.67% @entity1508 ; GI (n = 10) - 0.96% @entity5161 ; and @entity1412 (n = 10) - 1.8% @entity2614 . All animals were submitted to infra-renal aortic cross-clamping for 30 minutes. Renal parameters were evaluated at control (C), 15 (Ao15) and (Ao30) minutes after aortic cross-clamping, and 15 (DAo15) and 30 (DAo30) minutes after aortic unclamping. RESULTS: Free water clearance was significantly lower in GI and @entity1412 as compared to GH (p < 0.05) after aortic unclamping. Urinary output, @entity1372 urinary excretion and @entity1372 clearance have significantly increased during aortic cross-clamping, while urinary osmolarity has decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction have increased during aortic cross-clamping in @entity1412 only, while @entity1372 fractional excretion increased in GH and GI (p < 0.05). All renal parameters had returned to control levels after aortic unclamping, with the exception of urinary osmolality which has remained below control levels in all groups (p < 0.05). Renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction have remained higher in @entity1412 , followed by renal blood flow and @entity2556 clearance decrease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity235 under our experimental conditions, 0.75 MAC of @entity1508 or @entity5161 , but not 0.75 MAC of @entity2614 , have minimized renal vascular resistance increase, which is the major infra-renal aortic cross-clamping effect.

title: [Effects of XXXX , @entity5161 and @entity2614 on renal function in @entity235 under infra-renal aortic cross-clamping.].

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small-conductance @entity460 -activated @entity972 (SK) channels have been found to play an important role in atrial repolarization and @entity955 ( @entity955 ). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and functional role of SK channels in the @entity1641 heart. METHODS: Cardiac biopsies were analyzed to investigate the expression level of the most prominent cardiac ion channels, with special focus on SK channels, in the @entity1641 heart. Subcellular distribution of SK isoform 2 (SK2) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. The electrophysiologic and anti- @entity955 effects of the relative selective SK channel inhibitor @entity15259 (5 mg/kg IV) were evaluated in anesthetized @entity1641 , focusing on the potential of @entity15259 to terminate acute pacing-induced @entity955 , drug-induced changes in atrial effective refractory period, @entity955 duration and vulnerability, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization times. RESULTS: Analysis revealed equivalent mRNA transcript levels of the 3 SK channel isoforms in atria compared to ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy displayed a widespread distribution of SK2 in both @entity2224 . @entity15259 terminated all induced @entity955 episodes (duration >= 15 minutes), caused pronounced prolongation of atrial effective refractory period, and reduced @entity955 duration and vulnerability. QRS duration and QTc interval were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSION: SK channels are widely distributed in @entity2224 and contribute to atrial repolarization. Inhibition by @entity15259 terminates pacing-induced @entity955 of short duration and @entity955 without affecting ventricular conduction and repolarization. Thus, inhibition by @entity15259 demonstrates clear atrial antiarrhythmic properties in healthy @entity1641 .

title: Pharmacologic inhibition of small-conductance XXXX -activated @entity972 (SK) channels by @entity15259 reveals atrial antiarrhythmic potential in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'decreases AF duration and vulnerability']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive electrophysiologic study and noninvasive Holter monitoring (in conjunction with exercise testing) have both been used to evaluate the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 and in survivors of @entity1167 . We directly compared these two approaches to the prediction of drug efficacy. METHODS: A total of 486 @entity1 who had documented @entity1165 that were inducible during electrophysiologic study and 10 or more @entity1540 per hour during Holter monitoring were randomly assigned to undergo serial testing of antiarrhythmic-drug efficacy by electrophysiologic study or Holter monitoring. The @entity1 received up to six drugs in random order until one was predicted to be effective either in suppressing inducible @entity943 (in the electrophysiologic-study group) or in suppressing @entity1540 (in the Holter-monitoring group). The @entity1 were then followed for recurrences of @entity943 or @entity204 . RESULTS: In the electrophysiologic-study group, 108 of 242 @entity1 (45 percent) received a prediction of efficacy, as compared with 188 of 244 @entity1 (77 percent) in the Holter-monitoring group (P < 0.001). Over a six-year follow-up period, there were 150 recurrences of @entity943 and 46 @entity204 among the 296 @entity1 receiving drugs predicted to be effective. Thirty-four of the @entity204 were from arrhythmic causes, and eight were from cardiac causes. There was no significant difference between the two study groups in the actuarial probabilities of these events. The risk of a recurrence of @entity943 was significantly lower in @entity1 who received @entity2778 than in those who received other antiarrhythmic drugs, and the risk was lower in those who had not previously failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs than in those who had. CONCLUSIONS: Although Holter monitoring led to predictions of antiarrhythmic-drug efficacy more often than did electrophysiologic study in @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 , there was no significant difference in the success of drug therapy as selected by the two methods.

title: A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holter monitoring to predict antiarrhythmic-drug efficacy for XXXX . Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who have had a prolonged admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) commonly have profound debilitation and weakness. For the delivery of effective exercise training, an accurate assessment of exercise capacity is essential. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to investigate how much ground-based walking is undertaken by inpatients recovering from @entity3124 within 1 week of discharge from an ICU and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) for this population. DESIGN: This was an observational study. METHODS: Within 1 week of discharge from the ICU, functional exercise capacity was measured with the 6MWT. The maximum distance ambulated on the ward in a single session as part of usual clinical management was extracted from the medical notes. The distance achieved during the 6MWT and the maximum distance ambulated on the ward were compared. RESULTS: The @entity1 (N=23) were survivors of a @entity3124 ; their mean age was 57 years (SD=11). The median length of ICU stay was 11 days (interquartile range [IQR]=7). The mean 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was 179 m (SD=101), and the maximum distance ambulated on the ward was 30 m (IQR=65). There was a moderate association between the distance @entity1 ambulated on the ward and the 6MWD (r=.54). The maximum distance ambulated on the ward, expressed as a percentage of the 6MWD, was 29% (IQR=34%). Five @entity1 (22%) experienced @entity26 desaturation ( @entity26 saturation of <85%) and recovered within 1 minute of resting. LIMITATIONS: The maximum distance ambulated on the ward was estimated with premeasured distances. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 ambulated at a low percentage of their measured exercise capacity. The 6MWT appears to be a safe and useful test for inpatients recently discharged from the ICU.

title: Discordance Between Distance Ambulated as Part of Usual Care and Functional Exercise Capacity in Survivors of XXXX Upon Intensive Care Discharge: Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical Illness']


abstract: To determine the significance of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation in nodal and extranodal @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ), we performed cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and immunohistochemical analyses of @entity5 tissues from 11 @entity1 with @entity5823 + @entity2108 . Three of five @entity1 with nodal @entity2108 had additional infiltration of the skin. Six @entity1 had extranodal @entity2108 , two had primary intestinal @entity2108 , three had a primary cutaneous @entity2108 , and one had osseous @entity2108 . Cytogenetic investigation detected the t(2;5) in all @entity1 with nodal @entity2108 but not extranodal @entity2108 . @entity5 cells in t(2;5)+ lesions also stained immunohistochemically for p80NPM/ @entity7041 , whereas no staining for p80NPM/ @entity7041 was detected in extranodal @entity2108 . Two extranodal lesions had NPM/ @entity7041 fusion transcripts detected by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of these two @entity706 showed in one case a significant number (4%) of cells with a split hybridization signal, indicative of disruption of the NPM gene. Additional recurrent breakpoints observed in extranodal @entity2108 were 1p36, 6p25, and 8q24. Loss of genetic material occurred at 6q in one extranodal @entity2108 . Our results suggest that the t(2;5) more frequently plays a pathogenetic role in primary nodal than in extranodal @entity2108 and that this translocation may not be the primary event in some @entity5823 + @entity2108 .

title: Chromosomal abnormalities in nodal and extranodal @entity5823 + anaplastic large cell @entity706 : infrequent detection of the t(2;5) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['extranodal lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ceruminous @entity2167 (EAC) is a rare type of @entity5 that is diagnosed histologically. However, the clinical behaviour of these @entity5 remains controversial. Here, we report a case of @entity652 of the EAC and expression of a @entity519 marker. CASE REPORT: A 78-year-old @entity1 presented with a 6-month history of recurrent otorrhoea in the right ear. Surgery was performed by the transmeatal approach with total removal of the mass. Histopathology revealed a @entity652 . @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2281 protein, @entity1365 , @entity7738 , @entity10412 and p- @entity584 . There was no evidence of recurrence at last follow-up 27 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Ceruminous @entity652 of the EAC is a rare @entity5 . The treatment of choice is wide local excision with clear margins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity1365 expression and the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway in @entity652 of the EAC.

title: Expression of @entity1365 , XXXX , @entity10412 and p- @entity584 in a case of @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the external auditory canal']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['ceruminous adenoma', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity7738 :: (3091,Gene) :: ['HIF-1a']


abstract: A 58-year-old female who underwent an aortic valve replacement 3 years ago was admitted to our hospital. She developed @entity1353 in a month. Urgent reoperation was scheduled because an echocardiography demonstrated severe @entity337 , and because a cinefluoroscopy showed that a leaflet of the prosthetic valve was restricted. @entity2070 formation from left ventricular outflow tract caused prosthetic @entity338 . An ATS 18 aortic prosthesis was replaced after removing old sewing cuff and surrounding tissue of the aortic annulus as much as possible. However, the coronary orifices were partially covered with the prosthesis. The leaflet rubbed onto the left ventricular outflow muscle specially in opening position. Therefore, an annular enlargement was required. In case of re-replacement of prosthetic valve for small aortic annulus, the annulus was at most same size or smaller than it of the previous operation. It was harmful for the @entity1 whose body surface area was 1.74 m2 to utilize smaller prosthesis because of @entity1 -prosthesis mismatch. We conclude that annular enlargement is useful for reoperarion of small aortic annulus associate with left ventricular outflow @entity1184 .

title: [Nicks operation for aortic valve dysfunction with XXXX formation; report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

answer: @entity2070 :: (MESH:C537858,Disease) :: ['pannus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of specific clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters on the course of severe (type 1) @entity5 ( @entity5 ). STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 hospitalized with severe @entity5 were followed for disease course and survival in a tertiary center between 1990 and 2008. RESULTS: In 20% of @entity1 , disease was persistent and/or @entity146 despite prolonged and extensive treatment. Of this subgroup, 45% died of the disease. Prognostic factors of persistent @entity146 were @entity3541 , @entity66 , and significant major computed tomography findings (temporomandibular joint destruction, infratemporal fossa or nasopharyngeal soft tissue involvement). Cultures grew fungi in 5 @entity1 , and follow-up imaging revealed disease progression. The overall 5-year survival was 55% for @entity1 with short-term disease and 40% for @entity1 with persistent/ @entity146 disease (P = .086). By age, 5-year survival was 75% in @entity1 younger than 70 years old and 44% in older @entity1 (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS: A significant subset of @entity1 with @entity5 has a prolonged, @entity146 , and highly fatal disease that needs to be identified early. These @entity1 more frequently have @entity66 , @entity129 , and positive computed tomography findings. Their follow-up should routinely include imaging studies to evaluate disease progression, and every effort should be made to identify and treat underlying @entity364 .

title: XXXX : analysis of severe cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', '/aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant external otitis', 'MEO']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant external otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the inflammatory state in Acute @entity301 without ST-segment elevation by means of the value of the High-sensitivity @entity1851 and other markers of @entity32 . To assess if there are differences between @entity1459 and @entity583 and if it has prognostic value of @entity65 during one year follow up. METHODS: 61 @entity1 diagnosed of Acute @entity301 without ST-segment elevation were studied: mean age of 67 +/- 11 years old, 26% @entity1 . The value of high-sensitivity @entity1851 and other inflammatory markers (leukocytes and fibrinogen) were analysed and were compared in those @entity1 with @entity1459 versus @entity583 without ST elevation. Follow up during one year of @entity65 ( @entity204 with cardiac origin, @entity1188 , refractory @entity63 or rehospitalization because of cardiovascular cause) and its relation with the inflammatory markers. RESULTS: 75% of the @entity1 showed increased levels of High-sensitivity @entity1851 (> 2 mg/l). 47 @entity1 (77%) were diagnosed of @entity1188 without ST elevation and the remainders of @entity1459 . There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups, neither in the median value of the @entity1851 : 4.49 mg/l in @entity1188 versus 4.5 mg/l in @entity951 (p = ns) nor in the percentage of @entity1 with high levels of @entity1851 (77% in @entity1188 versus 71% in @entity951 ). With regard to the other inflammatory markers (fibrinogen and leukocytes) no differences between subgroups were found. None of the inflammatory markers showed predictive value about the appearance of the composite end-point during one year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The high-sensitivity @entity1851 is elevated in @entity1 with @entity1187 without ST-segment elevation, but no difference in the inflammatory state of @entity1 with @entity1459 versus @entity583 without ST elevation was found. In our series, these markers were not related with the risk of @entity65 .

title: [Inflammation study in @entity1459 and XXXX without ST segment elevation. Value of ultra-sensitive @entity1851 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['Acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Syndromes', 'Coronary Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina', 'Unstable Angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The relationship between @entity1 and therapist in mental health care is one of the most important treatment factors. It is a reliable predictor of treatment outcome, regardless of diagnosis, setting or of the type of therapy used. On the other hand, influence and coercion occur in @entity1 -physician relationships in psychiatry. We investigated the associations between @entity1 ' perceived coercion and the therapeutic relationship. A total of 116 @entity146 @entity1 , who have been admitted to the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, were interviewed using a structured interview. Data were collected by using Scale To Assess the Therapeutic Relationship (STAR) (therapeutic relationship) and Mac Arthur Admission Experience Survey (AES) (perceived coercion). Associations were investigated using bivariate and multivariate methods. Perceived coercion predicts the @entity1 ' appraisal of the therapeutic relationship. We found a moderate relation between the @entity1 ' and the clinicians' view of their relationship. Perceived coercion is related to a higher symptom level and a lower level of global functioning at admission, and higher perceived coercion is related to a more negative @entity1 -therapist relationship rated by the @entity1 . Perceived loss of autonomy goes hand in hand with a more negative relationship between the @entity1 and the clinician. This phenomenon has to be impeded, regarding the unambiguous impact relationship quality has on treatment outcome.

title: Therapeutic relationship in the context of perceived coercion in a XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: We report seven cases of metastatic @entity44 in the lung from @entity14641 and @entity189 . The @entity1 were between 19 and 58 years of age when orchiectomy was performed. The @entity5 each contained a prominent component of @entity189 as well as mature and immature @entity44 in six @entity1 and only @entity189 in one. In three @entity1 metastatic pulmonary nodules were detected at the time of orchiectomy, and in three others pulmonary @entity3 occurred 4 and 8 months after orchiectomy. In one @entity1 the interval was 1.5 years; however, chest roentgenography was not performed during that period. All the @entity1 received chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to removal of the pulmonary @entity3 . Thoracotomy was performed between 4 months and 9 years after detection of pulmonary @entity3 on chest roentgenograms. In one @entity1 the procedure consisted of a lobectomy and in another a pneumonectomy. In the remaining five cases excision of the nodules was performed. The pulmonary @entity3 resected were grossly solitary lesions in five @entity1 and multifocal in two. Microscopically, each @entity5 consisted entirely of @entity44 . Cuboidal and @entity3558 -secreting glandular epithelium predominated in the cystic areas; fibroconnective tissue was the predominant feature of the solid areas. In four @entity1 the course has been indolent with no manifestations of the disease after at least 1 year; in two @entity1 no follow-up was obtained; and one @entity1 died, apparently of a septic process. We present a discussion of this interesting and unusual event.

title: Metastatic @entity44 in lung following testicular @entity189 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['testicular teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'teratoma']

answer: @entity14641 :: (MESH:D018243,Disease) :: ['teratocarcinoma']