abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is recurrent obstruction of the upper airway during sleep leading to @entity519 ( @entity519 ). @entity27 has been associated with all components of the @entity209 as well as with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). @entity1561 is a common condition ranging in severity from uncomplicated @entity1560 to @entity1560 (NASH), @entity1575 , and @entity82 . The gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of @entity1561 is liver biopsy. @entity28 and insulin resistance lead to @entity1560 , but the causes of the progression to NASH are not known. Emerging evidence suggests that @entity27 may play a role in the progression of @entity1560 and the development of NASH. Several cross-sectional studies showed that the severity of @entity519 in @entity1 with @entity27 predicted the severity of @entity1561 on liver biopsy. However, neither prospective nor interventional studies with continuous positive airway pressure treatment have been performed. Studies in a @entity19 model showed that @entity519 causes @entity412 accumulation in the liver and @entity99 as well as @entity99 . The @entity19 model provided insight in the pathogenesis of @entity99 showing that (1) @entity519 accelerates the progression of @entity1560 by inducing adipose tissue lipolysis and increasing free @entity1718 (FFA) flux into the liver; (2) @entity519 up-regulates lipid biosynthetic pathways in the liver; (3) @entity519 induces oxidative stress in the liver; (4) @entity519 up-regulates @entity519 inducible factor 1 alpha and possibly @entity22168 , which may increase @entity1560 and induce @entity409 and @entity82 . However, the role of FFA and different transcription factors in the pathogenesis of @entity519 -induced @entity1561 is yet to be established. Thus, multiple lines of evidence suggest that @entity519 of @entity27 may contribute to the progression of @entity1561 but definitive clinical studies and experiments in the @entity19 model have yet to be done.

title: XXXX and @entity1561 : is the liver another target?

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'liver steatosis', 'steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'intermittent hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic inflammation']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Strategies for preventing the development of @entity161 are in their infancy but are associated with much hope and potential. The relatively long prodrome in @entity161 allows for indicated prevention as an effective intervention. "High-risk" individuals have subtle symptoms and, without intervention, a third would develop @entity716 within 1 year, and many will have poor functional outcomes, even in the absence of @entity716 . Research in this area is preliminary but encouraging. METHODS: A literature search was performed using databases including PubMed, PsychInfo, and Cochrane, as well as a search of individual journals through cross-referencing. The search used the following key words: @entity161 , @entity716 , @entity914 , first episode, early, prodrome, prodromal, prevention, ultra high risk, at risk, and intervention. RESULTS: Strategies for preventing the development of @entity161 are divided into universal, selective, and indicated levels of prevention. The common preventive methods include treatment with antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy. Early intervention helps at risk individuals with symptom reduction and appears to delay conversion to full blown @entity716 . However, the criteria for identifying at risk individuals have low predictive value, which raises concerns about unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. CONCLUSION: Although a range of interventions appear to be effective in reducing rates of transition to @entity716 , they are inadequately differentiated and require further study. Current data suggest that clinicians take an individualized approach to intervention, considering the risk-benefit ratio on a case-by-case basis.

title: Early intervention and the treatment of prodrome in XXXX : a review of recent developments.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) blocked the generation of cytolytic activity in a primary MLR of @entity19 spleen cells. As expected from the known mechanism of action of this drug, it also blocked the accumulation of @entity1199 during the MLR. Addition of @entity1 @entity5041 did not overcome the inhibition of CTL generation, even when it was added daily to keep its level similar to that produced in a normal MLR. Daily addition was necessary, because the @entity870 -inhibited MLR consumed @entity1199 , either by utilization or degradation. The outcome of a 5-day MLR in the presence of @entity870 ( @entity870 -MLR) depended on whether or not @entity1199 was continuously present. In the presence of @entity1199 , there was no generation of CTL activity, probably because such cultures contained @entity1199 -dependent suppressive elements described previously. However, when day 5 @entity870 -MLR cells generated in the absence of @entity1199 were washed and recultured with @entity1 @entity5041 , there was a burst of CTL activity, with a more than 50-fold increase in alloantigen-specific @entity137 within 24 to 48 h. This increase is not explainable simply by the proliferation of existing effector CTL. The noncytotoxic cells produced in an MLR in the presence of @entity870 , and which can be rapidly activated to cytotoxic effector cells by @entity1199 , are termed "precursor-effector CTL" (peCTL). They could be detected by day 3 of a primary @entity870 -MLR culture. Their conversion to effector CTL by @entity1199 was not inhibited by @entity870 . Exposure of peCTL to @entity3646 also generated CTL activity, to a somewhat lesser degree than @entity1199 , but the @entity3646 -induced activation was inhibited by @entity870 , suggesting that it depended on the induction of another @entity870 -sensitive lymphokine. The intracellular levels of mRNA encoding the CTL-specific @entity563 esterases @entity27974 and @entity14965 (granzymes B and C, respectively) increased rapidly during the @entity1199 -driven conversion of peCTL to effector CTL. This study demonstrates that in the presence of @entity870 precursors for CTL can accumulate, and that these can be rapidly converted to cytotoxic effector cells by @entity1199 .

title: Development of precytotoxic T cells in XXXX -suppressed mixed lymphocyte reactions.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The cerebellum is important for the integration of sensory perception and motor control, but its structure has mostly been studied in mammals. Here, we describe the cell types and neural tracts of the adult @entity3392 cerebellum using molecular markers and transgenic lines. Cerebellar neurons are categorized to two major groups: GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. The Purkinje cells, which are GABAergic neurons, express @entity32706 , carbonic anhydrase 8, and aldolase C like ( @entity32707 ). The glutamatergic neurons are @entity10324 (+) granule cells and @entity24457 (high) cells, which receive Purkinje cell inputs; some @entity24457 (high) cells are eurydendroid cells, which are equivalent to the @entity1 deep cerebellar nuclei. We found olig2(+) neurons in the adult cerebellum and ascertained that at least some of them are eurydendroid cells. We identified markers for climbing and mossy afferent fibers, efferent fibers, and parallel fibers from granule cells. Furthermore, we found that the cerebellum-like structures in the optic tectum and antero-dorsal hindbrain show similar @entity32706 and @entity32708 expression profiles as the cerebellum. The differentiation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons begins 3 days post-fertilization (dpf), and layers are first detectable 5 dpf. Using anti- @entity32706 and @entity32708 antibodies to label Purkinje cells and granule cell axons, respectively, we screened for mutations affecting cerebellar neuronal development and the formation of neural tracts. Our data provide a platform for future studies of @entity3392 cerebellar development.

title: Anatomy of XXXX cerebellum and screen for mutations affecting its development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The   -D-glucan assay (BDG) has been added to the EORTC/MSG criteria for the diagnosis of invasive @entity364 (IFI), but data from pediatric populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of BDG in a cohort of hemato-oncological children with @entity1583 at risk for IFI. METHODS: 113 patients were included through an 18-month period. In addition to routine IFI screening, BDG was assayed once a week. IFIs were classified using EORTC/MSG criteria without including the BDG results. Performances were assessed after a ROC analysis for optimization and multivariate analysis to detect the causes of false positivity. RESULTS: 8 proven and 4 probable IFIs, and 7 possible IFIs were diagnosed in 9 and 7 patients, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity increased from 75% and 56% to 100% and 91.1%, respectively when considering the whole population and patients not having received any antifungals prior to the test. Multivariate analysis revealed that being younger than 7, severe @entity1960 / @entity33 , recent administration of polyvalent immunoglobulins and digestive colonization with Enterococcus sp were independent risk factors for false positivity. CONCLUSIONS: BDG is a valuable test to detect IFI in pediatric patients not previously treated with antifungals and to detect the occurrence of @entity281 .

title: Detection of b-D-glucan for the diagnosis of  invasive @entity364 in children with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancy']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the efficacy and safety of pardoprunox in levodopa-treated @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) experiencing motor fluctuations. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to pardoprunox (up to 42 mg/day, n = 150) or placebo (n = 144). Pardoprunox was titrated to an optimal dose over 7 weeks, followed by a 12-week stable dose period. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline to study endpoint in total daily OFF time, based on @entity1 diaries. Secondary analyses included the change in ON time without troublesome @entity910 , UPDRS-ADL + Motor ON, UPDRS-ADL OFF and PDQ-39. Subgroup analyses explored the impact of pardoprunox on @entity910 (UPDRS items 32 + 33), @entity308 ( @entity308 Scale) and @entity158 (Visual Analogue Scale). RESULTS: Pardoprunox significantly reduced OFF time versus placebo (-1.62 h/day versus -0.92 h/day, respectively, p = 0.0215). Compared to placebo, pardoprunox improved ON time without troublesome @entity910 (p = 0.0386), UPDRS-ADL + Motor ON (p = 0.0003), and UPDRS-ADL OFF (p < 0.0001), while no significant difference was observed on PDQ-39. A high drop-out rate due to adverse events (AEs) (pardoprunox, 37%; placebo, 12%) suggested that the selected dose range may have been too high, and/or titration was too rapid. CONCLUSIONS: Pardoprunox decreased OFF time and increased ON time without troublesome @entity910 in levodopa-treated @entity191 @entity1 . The high drop-out rate at the selected doses justifies the investigation of lower doses. The impact of pardoprunox on @entity910 and non-motor symptoms deserves further investigation.

title: Pardoprunox as adjunct therapy to levodopa in XXXX with @entity191 experiencing motor fluctuations: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity201 (CC) is unresectable in 80% to 90% of cases. Placement of side-by-side bilateral self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) can be technically challenging in these @entity1 because deployment of the first stent can preclude passage of the second stent. METHODS: Using a prototype large-diameter therapeutic channel (6-mm) duodenoscope, we positioned guidewires into the right and left intrahepatic systems. Two predeployed uncovered SEMSs with 7.5F delivery systems were passed side by side over each guidewire and deployed simultaneously. DESIGN: Observational clinical feasibility study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. RESULTS: This technique was attempted in 6 @entity1 with @entity5 . Successful placement was achieved in all, with significant improvement in symptoms and @entity1448 . LIMITATIONS: Small number of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This simple technique using a prototype large-diameter therapeutic channel duodenoscope facilitates placement of bilateral side-by-side hilar SEMSs.

title: Large-diameter therapeutic channel duodenoscope to facilitate simultaneous deployment of side-by-side self-expandable metal stents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hilar biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: First-degree relatives of @entity1 with premature @entity453 ( @entity453 ) develop @entity409 even in the case they are apparently healthy. In this study we wanted to clarify whether reduced blood levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), an endogenous repair mechanism to replace dysfunctional endothelium, or elevated endothelial-derived microparticles (EMPs), an indicator and a mediator of increased endothelial cell damage/apoptosis, are an initial step in the pathogenesis of @entity409 in genetically predisposed subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six healthy young @entity1 (aged 23 to 31 years) from a fire brigade were enrolled, of which 20 subjects had a positive @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) for premature @entity453 . Subjects with or without a positive @entity4310 did not differ with respect to age, body mass index, risk factors and @entity1851 . Endothelial function was assessed by hyperaemia-mediated relaxation of the brachial artery, blood levels of EPCs ( @entity319 (+) @entity2280 (+) cells) and number of EMPs ( @entity2279 (+(bright))/ @entity4404 (+) particles) were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Hyperaemia-mediated relaxation of the brachial artery was similar in both groups, and the blood levels of EPCs were comparable. However, the number of EMPs were significantly increased in subjects with a positive @entity4310 compared to those with a negative @entity4310 (neg. @entity4310 : 55.31 +/- 4.88 vs. pos. @entity4310 : 70.37 +/- 6.32 particles microL(-1 )platelet poor plasma; P < 0.05). Number of EMPs correlate inversely with the @entity4631 response. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that increased plasma levels of EMPs may be an initial step in the development of @entity409 in genetically predisposed subjects.

title: @entity2279 +/ XXXX + microparticles in healthy offsprings of @entity1 with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'family history']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4404 :: (308,Gene) :: ['Annexin V']


abstract: @entity130 is associated with disabling scar formation which impacts on many aspects of the @entity1 's life. Previously we have shown that the fetus heals a @entity4808 in a scarless fashion. Amniotic membrane (AM) is the outermost fetal tisue and has beeen used as a dressing in thermal injuries, though there is little data to support this use. To assess the efficacy of AM in scar minimisation after @entity4808 wound, we conducted a randomised controlled study in the 1-month lamb. @entity742 were delivered by caesarian section and the amniotic membranes stored after which @entity742 were returned to their mothers post-operatively. At 1 month, a standardised @entity4808 was created under general anaesthesia on both flanks of the lamb. One flank was covered with unmatched AM, the other with paraffin gauze. Animals were sequentially euthanased from Day 3-60 after injury and tissue analysed for histopathology and immunohistochemically for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) content. AM resulted in @entity3145 as assessed histopathologically and reduced alphaSMA content. This study provides the first laboratory evidence that AM may reduce scar formation after @entity130 .

title: A randomised controlled trial of amniotic membrane in the treatment of a standardised XXXX in the merino lamb.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['reduced scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['deep dermal burn']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: @entity1378 and @entity5651 have been reported frequently in association with the @entity4262 ( @entity4262 ). To assess the prevalence and extent of @entity1374 in @entity1 with @entity4262 , we studied 19 @entity1 [mean age, 6.6 +/- 1 (+/- SE) yr; mean bone age, 9.5 +/- 1 yr] and 18 normal control @entity1 (mean age, 10.3 +/- 0.5 yr). All @entity1 appeared euthyroid when examined; 1 was taking antithyroid medication. Ultrasonography revealed @entity1374 in 7 @entity1 , including generalized inhomogeneity, small (2-4 mm) and large (greater than 10 mm) hypoechoic regions, and echogenic nodule-like regions. Repeat ultrasonography after intervals of 9-18 months showed enlargement of large hypoechoic regions in 2 @entity1 . In the @entity1 with abnormal ultrasound findings, serum TSH was uniformly low or suppressed both at baseline and after administration of 7 micrograms/kg @entity1218 . The mean serum T3 level in this group was significantly higher than that in controls (2.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/L; P less than 0.05), whereas mean serum T4, free T4, and T4-binding globulin levels did not differ from those of controls. In the remaining 11 @entity1 , thyroid ultrasonography was normal, and the serum levels of T3, T4, free T4, and TSH were normal. Bioassay showed no detectable thyroid-stimulating activity in the plasma of the @entity4262 @entity1 with suppressed TSH levels. None of the @entity1 became overtly thyrotoxic over 3-6 yr of observation, and their serum @entity9117 levels remained stable. We conclude that @entity1374 is common in @entity1 with @entity4262 , but that it may be clinically occult and not rapidly progressive. The @entity1374 , like that of the ovaries, is associated with @entity2526 in the gland itself, together with suppressed levels of the respective stimulating hormones.

title: XXXX in the @entity4262 : ultrasonography and hormonal studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity9117 :: ('CHEBI:24864', 'Chemical') :: ['iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid abnormalities']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid abnormalities']


abstract: Cellular systems biology aims to uncover design principles that describe the properties of biological networks through interaction of their components in space and time. The cell cycle is a complex system regulated by molecules that are integrated into functional modules to ensure genome integrity and faithful cell division. In budding @entity375 , cyclin-dependent kinases ( @entity11869 /Clb) drive cell cycle progression, being activated and inactivated in a precise temporal sequence. In this module, which we refer to as the 'Clb module', different @entity11869 /Clb complexes are regulated to generate waves of Clb activity, a functional property of cell cycle control. The inhibitor @entity32172 plays a critical role in the Clb module by binding to and blocking @entity11869 /Clb activity, ultimately setting the timing of DNA replication and mitosis. Fifteen years of research subsequent to the identification of @entity32172 have lead to the development of an integrative approach that addresses its role in regulating the Clb module. @entity32172 is an intrinsically disordered protein and achieves its inhibitory function by cooperative binding, where different structural regions stretch on the @entity11869 /Clb surface. Moreover, @entity32172 promotes S phase entry, facilitating @entity11869 /Clb5 nuclear transport, and therefore revealing a double function of inhibitor/activator that rationalizes a mechanism to prevent precocious DNA replication. Interestingly, the investigation of Clb temporal dynamics by mathematical modelling and experimental validation provides evidence that @entity32172 acts as a timer to coordinate oscillations of Clb cyclin waves. Here we review these findings, focusing on the design principle underlying the Clb module, which highlights the role of @entity32172 in regulating phase-specific @entity11869 /Clb activities.

title: @entity32172 as a timer of Clb cyclin waves in the XXXX cell cycle--design principle of not just an inhibitor.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity797 ( @entity797 bacteria adhere to dentine of teeth root canals to form the biofilm. @entity797 has been shown to be resistant to antibiotics. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of @entity2176 and @entity3403 in inhibiting @entity797 biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 extracted @entity1 teeth were incubated with @entity797 (ATCC 35550 strain) for 45 days to allow biofilm formation. The teeth were equally divided into six groups (n=10): 1) positive control, 2) negative control, 3) @entity3403 alone 4) @entity3403 with filing, 5) @entity2176 alone, 6) @entity2176 with filing. The relevant canals were irrigated with 4  g/mL of either @entity2176 or @entity3403 antibiotic. Teeth were processed for @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Areas of biofilm remaining in the canals after antibiotic treatment were measured with Scion image analysis software using the @entity4653 images. RESULTS: @entity2176 is more effective in reducing the overall biofilm area compared with @entity3403 ; moreover filing after antibiotic administration increased this effect. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that @entity2176 had greater efficacy than @entity3403 for inhibiting and reducing @entity797 biofilms growth in root canals. However, it failed to completely eliminate biofilm formation.

title: In vitro scanning electron microscopic study on the effect of @entity3403 and XXXX on enterococcal induced biofilm.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['E. faecalis', 'Enterococcus', 'E) faecalis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a Phase II trial to investigate the efficacy of combined therapy with @entity9213 , a @entity3840 inhibitor and natural @entity3027 in @entity1358 @entity1 with distant @entity3 . METHODS: The subjects of this study were @entity1 with @entity1358 who were diagnosed from the results of imaging or pathological studies and who had measurable lesions according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). @entity1 could be enrolled in the study irrespective of whether nephrectomy had been performed. Treatment involved the subcutaneous injection of natural @entity3027 at 3 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(6) U three times weekly plus oral administration of @entity9213 at 10 mg once daily. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 were enrolled in the present study, included 11 @entity1 without nephrectomy, 23 @entity1 with a high @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level and 23 @entity1 with extrapulmonary @entity3 . Four @entity1 of complete response and 12 @entity1 of partial response were confirmed, given an overall response rate of 37.2% (95% confidence interval, 23.0-53.3%). Stable disease for 6 months or longer was also obtained in 14 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 14 months. Adverse events (AEs) observed were mainly flu-like symptoms due to cytokine. Although the Grade 3 or 4 AEs were @entity1295 , @entity409 , @entity625 and @entity2275 , all but one ( @entity2275 ) were immediately improved by discontinuation of this combined therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity9213 and natural @entity3027 is considered to be an active regimen with tolerable @entity137 as a first-line treatment of @entity1358 .

title: Multicenter phase II trial of combination therapy with XXXX , a cox-2 inhibitor, and natural interferon-alpha for @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'untreated renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'interferon (IFN)-alpha']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity9213 :: (MESH:C065757,Chemical) :: ['meloxicam']


abstract: The @entity3328 survey was started in 1976 in Bahrain and Kuwait. For each paralytic case, diagnosis was done by virus isolation, neutralizing antibody titration and specific IgM characterization. More than 90% of the @entity1 who were ill were less than 2 years old. In Bahrain, 17 paralytic cases in 1976 and 12 in 1977 occurred between January and July (annual incidence was respectively 7.7 and 5.4/100,000). The first epidemic was due to @entity9925 type 2, the second one to @entity9925 type1. From 29 cases, 13 occurred in vaccinated @entity1 of which 9 received 3 or 4 oral vaccine doses. For 3 @entity1 , @entity912 occurred less than one month after vaccination. All the isolates were wild polioviruses (rct). In Kuwait, 119 cases were examined, and of them, 57 occurred between August 76 and May 77 (incidence 5.7/100,000). @entity9925 type 1 was responsible for 61% of cases, type 2 for 5% and type 3 for 12%. From October 1976 to December 1977, 350 stools samples were collected from contacts: 19% of them carried @entity9925 (12% type 1, 1% type 2 and 6% type 3). All the viruses isolated from both paralytic cases and contacts were wild strains (rct). Of 119 cases, 35 occurred in vaccinated @entity1 from which 4 had received 3 or 4 oral vaccine doses. For 11 @entity1 @entity912 occurred less than one month after vaccination. The virus spread was evaluated (i) just before vaccination in 337 @entity1 or @entity1 from June to December 76: 8% carried @entity9925 Sabin-like strains (and 18% non polioviruses), and (ii) one month after vaccination in 75 @entity1 : 37% carried @entity9925 Sabin-like strains.

title: XXXX survey in Middle-East countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['Poliovirus', 'poliovirus']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['Poliomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) @entity1 is important to determine appropriate management. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated two published risk-stratification tools in emergency department (ED) @entity1151 @entity1 : a pulse oximetry cutoff below 92.5% @entity26 (at 5280 feet elevation) and the @entity1151 Severity Index (PESI). METHODS: Electronic medical records of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1151 were abstracted to identify their triage vital signs, co-morbidities, and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) either requiring interventions (defined as @entity1576 , @entity551 requiring pressors, and @entity73 requiring thrombolytics) or resulting in @entity204 . We applied these models to our ED @entity1151 @entity1 and assessed their performance. RESULTS: There were 168 @entity1151 @entity1 identified, with an overall @entity137 rate of 7.1% (12/168), including a 3.0% mortality rate. A room-air pulse oximetry cutoff of 92.5%, for values measured at 5280 feet, classified 89/136 @entity1 as low risk, 1.1% of which had an @entity137 , and 47/136 @entity1 as high risk, of which 10.6% had @entity137 . This pulse oximetry cutoff had a sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 36-99%), specificity of 68% (95% CI 58-76%), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99% (95% CI 93-100%). PESI classified 91/168 @entity1 as low risk (class I or II): 2.2% had @entity137 but none died, and 77/168 were classified as high risk (class III, IV, or V), with an @entity137 rate of 13.0%. A PESI cutoff score of II had a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI 52-98%), specificity of 57% (95% CI 49-65%), and NPV of 98% (95% CI 92-100%). CONCLUSION: Both PESI and pulse oximetry measurements are moderately accurate identifiers of low-risk @entity1 with @entity1151 .

title: @entity1151 risk stratification: pulse oximetry and XXXX severity index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'adverse short-term outcomes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism', 'Pulmonary Embolism']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of near-infrared imaging (NIR) interrogation of @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) expression as a sensitive biomarker of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) response to @entity4447 therapy was studied in @entity19 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A431 @entity957 in vitro were exposed to 0   M, 0.5   M, 2.5   M, or 5   M of @entity9188 for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed @entity12841 expression and demonstrated a sensitivity dose-related signal decline with @entity9188 treatment. Next, @entity19 with pharynx-implanted A431 cells received @entity9188 i.p. every 48 h at 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/day (n=6/group) from day 0 to 10. An intravenous NIR probe, EGF-Cy5.5, was injected at baseline and on days 4, 8, and 12 for dynamic NIR imaging. @entity5 volume and body weights were measured three times weekly. RESULTS: In vitro, A431 @entity12841 expression was well appreciated in the controls and decreased (p<0.05) with increasing @entity9188 dose and treatment duration. In vivo @entity12841 NIR @entity5 signal intensity decreased (p<0.05) in @entity9188 treated groups versus controls from days 4 to 12, consistent with increasing dosage. @entity5 volume diminished in a dose-related manner while body weight was unaffected. Immunohistochemical staining of excised @entity5 confirmed that @entity12841 expression was reduced by @entity9188 treatment in a dose responsive pattern. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity957 can be interrogated in vivo by NIR molecular imaging of the @entity12841 and that this biomarker is effective for the longitudinal assessment of @entity957 response to @entity9188 treatment.

title: Near infrared imaging of @entity12841 of @entity957 in @entity19 administered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to assess a contemporary treatment potential for @entity3166 in newborns with birth weights under 1000 g. METHODOLOGY AND SUBJECTS: This is a retrospective study of clinical and pathological data in a group of 19 newborns with birth weights under 1000 g treated for @entity39 ( @entity39 ) by the authors' team from 1999 to 2003. Only newborns with the second and third grade @entity39 according to Bell were included in the trial group. RESULTS: The trial group included 19 newborns born in the 26th gestation week, on average (ranging from 23- to 31) with a mean birth weight of 711 grams (the range between 460-980 g). Their @entity39 appeared on the 18th postnatal day, on average (the range between 6-59). Ten newborns were operated in the acute stage of their @entity39 , nine were treated conservatively. Five @entity1 operated in the acute stage had separational ileostomy conducted, four had a T-drain introduced and one had an abdominal drain introduced. In the conservatively managed group, three @entity1 were consequently operated for intestinal strictures following their @entity39 , two recovered during the conservative treatment and four exited due to a fast progress of their @entity39 without surgery. The total mortality rate of the trial group was 42% (8 @entity1 exited). CONCLUSION: The @entity39 treatment in the extremely immature newborns with birth weigts under 1000 g requires complex cooperation of a neonatologist and a paediatric surgeon. The necrotic intestine resections followed by stomic procedures remain standard procedures in unstable newborns with a localised form of the disease.

title: [ XXXX in extremely immature newborns. The surgical treatment potential].

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing colitis', 'NEC']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: Abstract It is often stated that the gastrointestinal tract has a limited number of responses to pathogens. Entirely different agents can produce a similar histopathological reaction. However, the expression of the disease in @entity1 is very heterogeneous, it varies with the age of the subject and is to a certain extent genetically determined. For example, @entity5419 is frequent in childhood and not common in adulthood. The intestinal mucosa in the @entity1 with @entity291 @entity6132 shows a 'flat' mucosa, which may be indistinguishable of that observed in @entity1593 or @entity66 . Subjects with other forms of @entity5419 may have a morphologically normal small intestinal mucosa, occasionally with increased IgE plasma cells and often only characterised by an increased intestinal permeability. An abnormal intestinal permeability is one of the hallmarks of an inflamed gut, however, subjects with a latent form of @entity66 have an abnormal permeability only without overt signs of @entity32 . Recently, it has become clear that what determines the characteristics of the intestinal inflammatory response is dependent on the cytokines involved during the response and this seems to be the same in the stomach, the small intestine and the colon. A so-called @entity1198 response, with an increased production of IFN-y, TNF-a and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, occurs in the stomach when infected by @entity1534 , in the small intestine when the subject with @entity66 consumes normal bread and during the active phases of @entity30 . A Th2 response is characteristic of the allergic subject and there is some evidence that it is the predominant response in subjects with @entity31 . We still do not know the fine-tuning of the cytokine response but IL-12 appears to be a key cytokine in polarising the response to a Thl type. More recently it has become clear that the intestinal mucosa has a unique subset of CD4(+) T cells that secrete TGF-   (Th3 cells) that provide help for IgA. These cells have downregulatory properties for @entity1198 cells and therefore play an important role in the active suppression of oral tolerance and IgE response. What determines that an individual develops one of these diseases? It is now clear that these different pathological entities are multifactorial. Different environmental factors and a complex genetic predisposition where more that one gene and more than one chromosome are involved. The extent and severity of the inflammatory response depends on the genetic diversity of the bacteria or the amount of the antigen on the one hand and on the genetic constitution of the host on the other. The abnormal immune response in the @entity1 gut is predominantly a @entity1198 -like inflammatory response. This can be elicited by bacteria, peptides, possibly the @entity2348 . The recent findings in the pathogenesis of the intestinal inflammatory response will probably alter the therapy of the future.

title: @entity5419 , XXXX and chronic inflammatory bowel disease in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten sensitive entero-pathy']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial flora and some viruses']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity49 is essential for identifying @entity1 at increased risk and who may therefore benefit from more aggressive preventive and therapeutic measures. As for other pathologies, the pathogenesis of @entity1211 is multifactorial. All risk factors, either congenital or acquired, are relatively "innocent" when considered alone. However, when an individual is unlucky enough to inherit one or more abnormality, compounded in many cases by environmental hazards, that @entity1 may be propelled over a threshold that precipitates the development of @entity715 . An appropriate analogy is that where "the last drop makes the cup run over." A reinterpretation of the traditional Virchow's triad (abnormal vessel wall, abnormal @entity450 , and abnormal blood constituents) was provided by Eberhard Mammen throughout his research, and this has contributed greatly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this serious disorder. Mammen postulated immobility as the leading event, because it reduced @entity450 as a result of @entity121 . The subsequent "stasis of flow" led to accumulation of blood within the intramuscular sinuses, especially of the @entity291 , triggering @entity49 due to local accumulation of activated clotting factors and coagulation activation products and the simultaneous consumption of blood coagulation inhibitors. On Mammen's "hit list" nearly 20 years ago were included (among @entity74 ) decreased protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, plasminogen, and tissue plasminogen activator, and increased @entity2289 , whereas (among acquired predisposing conditions) surgery, @entity130 , previous @entity1031 , prolonged immobility and @entity912 , @entity5 , @entity712 , @entity28 , advanced age, pregnancy and puerperium, varicose veins, and oral contraceptives were also identified. Some two decades later, the situation has perhaps not changed so much, although studies continue to expand our knowledge of this topic, clarifying the relative contribution of each single risk factor in the pathogenesis of @entity49 .

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX : when the cup runneth over.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['decreased muscle contraction']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: From 1973 to 1980, 701 @entity1 with @entity0 (less than 2 cm in diameter) were randomized into two different treatments. 349 @entity1 received classic Halsted mastectomy and 352 @entity1 received quadrantectomy, axillary dissection and radiotherapy on the ipsilateral breast. 24.6% of the @entity1 in the mastectomy group and 27.0% of the @entity1 in the conservation group had axillary metastases. Overall 10 year survival was 76% in the Halsted @entity1 and 79% in the quadrantectomy @entity1 ; 13 year survival was 69% and 71%, respectively. No differences were observed after analysis by site and size of the primary @entity5 and age of the @entity1 . @entity1 with positive axillary nodes had consistently better survival curves in the quadrantectomy group compared with the Halsted group (not significant). Among the quadrantectomy @entity1 there were 11 local recurrences (with 4 deaths) while among the Halsted @entity1 , 7 had local recurrences (5 deaths). There were 19 cases of @entity0 in the quadrantectomy group and 20 in the Halsted group. At 16 years from the beginning of the trial no evidence of oncogenic radiation risk was observed. In @entity1 with small size @entity189 total mastectomy should have no role.

title: Breast conservation is the treatment of choice in XXXX : long-term results of a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['small breast cancer', 'contralateral breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['small breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pilot experiences have suggested that tension forces exerted by a penile extender may reduce @entity546 as a result of @entity545 . AIM: To test this hypothesis in a Phase II study using a commonly marketed brand of penile extender. METHODS: @entity545 @entity1 with a curvature not exceeding 50 degrees with mild or no @entity323 ( @entity323 ) were eligible. Fifteen @entity1 were required to test the efficacy of the device assuming an effect size of >0.8, consistent with an "important" reduction in @entity546 . Changes in penile length over baseline and erectile function (EF) domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) constituted secondary end points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were counselled on the use of the penile extender for at least 5 hours per day for 6 months. Photographic pictures of the erect penis and measurements were carried out at baseline, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (end of study). The IIEF-EF domain scores were administered at baseline and at the end of study. Treatment satisfaction was assessed at end of study using a nonvalidated institutional 5-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Penile curvature decreased from an average of 31 degrees to 27 degrees at 6 months without reaching the effect size (P = 0.056). Mean stretched and flaccid penile length increased by 1.3 and 0.83 cm, respectively at 6 months. Results were maintained at 12 months. Overall treatment results were subjectively scored as acceptable in spite of curvature improvements, which varied from "no change" to "mild improvement." CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the use of a penile extender device provided only minimal improvements in @entity546 but a reasonable level of @entity1 satisfaction, probably attributable to increased penile length. The selection of @entity1 with a stabilized disease, a @entity546 not exceeding 50 degrees, and no severe @entity323 may have led to outcomes underestimating the potential efficacy of the treatment.

title: Use of penile extender device in the treatment of @entity546 as a result of XXXX . Results of a phase II prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: A series of mutants defective in @entity114 -binding components (or protein) (PBCs) was isolated from a collection of thermosensitive mutants of @entity526 . The mutants included mutations for each @entity2835 (1 through 4) and a mutation in the activity of @entity12211 carboxypeptidase 1a ( @entity2835 -5/6). @entity2835 -1 was resolved into two components, @entity2835 -1a and @entity2835 -1b, which were the products of different genes referred to as ponA and ponB, respectively. No mutation examined in ponA-- or ponB--, by itself, was associated with a thermosensitive defect in growth. The mutants having ponB-- were hypersensitive to cephalosporins, which showed unusually high affinity to @entity2835 -1a. Murein synthetic activity decreased markedly in cell-free preparations from the ponB-- mutant. The double mutation ponA-- ponB-- was found to be lethal. A mutant having ponAts and ponB-- revealed thermosensitivity of growth and lysed at the restrictive temperature. It is concluded that @entity2835 -1a and @entity2835 -1b could share a biochemical reaction necessary for cell elongation so that the function of either one may bypass the loss of the function of the other. With the series of mutants, the chromosomal locus of the gene for each @entity2835 was mapped: ponA ( @entity2835 -1a) 73.5 min, ponB ( @entity2835 -1b) 3.3 min, rodA ( @entity2835 -2) 14.4 min, ftsI ( @entity2835 -3) 1.8 min, dacB ( @entity2835 -4) 68 min, and dacA ( @entity2835 -5/6) 13.7 min.

title: On the process of cellular division in @entity526 : a series of mutants of @entity526 altered in the XXXX -binding proteins.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: To demonstrate the efficacy of oral @entity868 (OM) in simple or @entity532 with @entity298 , a randomized prospective study was carried out in 1083 @entity1 , ranging in age from 4 to 50 years (mean age, 21.38). The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. The study group (SG) (524 @entity1 ) received OM (500 mg for adults, 7-10 mg/kg if less than 15 years) 2-3 hours before operation. The drug was continued 4 to 5 hours after operation, every 8 hours, for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. In the case of @entity532 (114 @entity1 ), the same dose was given for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. @entity8933 was administered to the control group (CG) (559 @entity1 ) 2 to 3 hours before operation and then postoperatively every 6 hours for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. The complicated cases in the CG (120 @entity1 ) received a combination of @entity114 , @entity2755 , and @entity801 for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. The serum concentration of @entity868 measured in 43 @entity1 was at bactericidal level in 40 (mean +/- SD standard deviation, 10.65 +/- 4.89 microg/mL). The rate of wound infection was not significantly different in the SG and the CG with the same degree of pathology (3.17% vs 2.96% if uncomplicated; 15.78% vs 14.16% if complicated, respectively). Pelvic collection occurred in four adults and one @entity1 in the CG with @entity698 (4.16%). The same complication developed in two adults and two @entity1 in the SG with @entity698 (3.5%). All six adults and one of the @entity1 in the SG had to be re-explored, whereas the remaining two @entity1 responded to conservative management (OM and @entity801 ). In uncomplicated cases, hospital stay and hospital charge were both almost the same in both groups. However, length of hospitalization was nearly 1 day shorter and hospital cost per day was about 30 per cent less in complicated cases in the SG as compared with the CG. Conclusively, OM may not only substitute parenteral antibiotics in @entity697 as a prophylactic agent, but it may also be used as a cost-effective drug and is more convenient to the @entity1 .

title: Can oral @entity868 substitute parenteral drug therapy in XXXX ? A new policy in the management of simple or @entity532 with @entity298 : a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['localized peritonitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: Electroacupuncture (EA) at P5-P6 acupoints overlying the median nerves typically reduces sympathoexcitatory blood pressure (BP) reflex responses in eucapnic @entity35 . Gastric distention in hypercapnic acidotic @entity35 , by activating both vagal and sympathetic afferents, decreases heart rate (HR) and BP through actions in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) and nucleus ambiguus (NAmb), leading to sympathetic withdrawal and parasympathetic activation, respectively. A GABAA mechanism in the rVLM mediates the decreased sympathetic outflow. The present study investigated the hypothesis that EA modulates gastric distention-induced hemodynamic @entity9598 and @entity1168 responses through nuclei that process parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow. Anesthetized hypercapnic acidotic @entity35 manifested repeatable @entity551 every 10 min. Bilateral EA at P5-P6 for 30 min reversed the @entity551 response from -26    3 to -6    1 mmHg and the @entity1168 from -35    11 to -10    3 beats/min for a period that lasted more than 70 min. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to detect c-Fos protein and @entity14019 mRNA expression showed that GABAergic caudal ventral lateral medulla (cVLM) neurons were activated by EA. Glutamatergic antagonism of cVLM neurons with @entity5373 reversed the actions of EA. @entity8772 used to block GABAA receptors microinjected into the rVLM or cVLM reversed EA's action on both the reflex @entity9598 and @entity1168 responses. EA modulation of the decreased HR was inhibited by microinjection of @entity8772 into the NAmb. Thus, EA through GABAA receptor mechanisms in the rVLM, cVLM, and NAmb modulates gastric distention-induced reflex sympathoinhibition and vagal excitation.

title: Medullary GABAergic mechanisms contribute to electroacupuncture modulation of cardiovascular XXXX responses during gastric distention in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'decreases in BP and HR with gastric distention']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity8772 :: ('MESH:C049853', 'Chemical') :: ['gabazine', 'Gabazine']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid']

answer: @entity9598 :: (MESH:C535349,Disease) :: ['depressor']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate whether exposure to @entity284 affects the risk of motor vehicle accident with @entity130 . DESIGN: Cohort study linking three Norwegian administrative registries using unique @entity1 identifiers. SETTING: Information was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database on any prescriptions ever received by the individuals for @entity284 and all prescriptions for @entity1245 . The Norwegian Road Accident Registry provided information about motor vehicle accidents involving @entity130 on Norwegian roads. The Central Population Registry provided demographic information on all residents in Norway. @entity1 : All Norwegian adults aged 18-69 years were observed for 2.5 years. MEASUREMENTS: Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated by comparing the incidence of @entity64 with @entity130 in @entity1 exposed to @entity284 with the incidence in those not exposed. FINDINGS: During the 4626 @entity1 -years observed in @entity1 exposed to @entity284 , there were 26 motor vehicle accidents. There were very few accidents among the females who received @entity284 and they had no increased risk of being involved in motor vehicle accidents (SIR 1.1; 95% CI 0.2-3.1). We observed an increased risk of involvement in accidents among males (SIR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5-3.6). This figure did not change significantly when exposure to @entity1245 was excluded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 exposed to @entity284 appear to have an increased risk of being involved in motor vehicle accidents involving @entity130 . This increased risk could not be explained by exposure of @entity1245 .

title: An increased risk of motor vehicle accidents after prescription of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['traffic accidents']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['personal injury', 'personal injuries']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: Endogenous, low-level glycopeptide resistance in @entity794 results from multifactorial genetic changes. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed the specific deletion of a 1.8-kb segment encompassing two adjacent open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function in a @entity11248 -susceptible revertant (strain 14-4rev) compared to the sequence of its isogenic, @entity11248 -resistant parental strain, strain 14-4. This provocative finding prompted us to perform a detailed genetic analysis of the contribution of this genomic segment to glycopeptide resistance. Despite repeated efforts in our laboratory, 14-4 and 14-4rev have proven refractory to most genetic manipulations. To circumvent this difficulty, we evaluated the contribution of both putative ORFs (designated @entity11248 resistance factors trfA and trfB) on @entity11248 resistance in a different, genetically tractable background. Genetic analysis showed that single or double trfA and/or trfB mutations abolished @entity11248 resistance in two independent @entity11248 -resistant derivatives of NCTC8325 strain ISP794 generated by two-step passages with the drug. The frequency of @entity11248 -resistant mutants was markedly decreased by the absence of trfAB in the @entity11248 -susceptible ISP794 background. Nevertheless, a low rate of @entity11248 -resistant mutants was selected from ISP794 trfAB, thus indicating an additional contribution of trfAB-independent pathways in the emergence of low-level @entity25984 resistance. Further experiments performed with clinical glycopeptide-intermediate @entity794 isolate NRS3 indicated that the trfAB mutation could affect not only @entity11248 resistance but also @entity2176 and @entity6101 resistance. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the key role of two novel loci in endogenous, low-level glycopeptide resistance in @entity794 whose precise molecular functions warrant further investigation.

title: Identification by genomic and genetic analysis of two new genes playing a key role in intermediate glycopeptide resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity25984 :: ('CHEBI:24396', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopeptide']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECT: Primary pontine @entity548 (PPH) represents approximately 7% of all @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) and is a clinical condition of which little is known. The aim of this study was to characterize the early @entity1545 , neurobehavioral outcome, and long-term histopathology in a novel preclinical @entity35 model of PPH. METHODS: The authors stereotactically infused collagenase (Type VII) into the ventral pontine tegmentum of the @entity35 , in accordance with the most commonly affected clinical region. Measures of cerebrovascular permeability (brain water content, hemoglobin assay, Evans blue, collagen Type IV, @entity10261 , and @entity11017 and @entity6929 ) and @entity51 were quantified at 24 hours postinfusion (Experiment 1). Functional outcome was measured over a 30-day period using a vertebrobasilar scale (the modified Voetsch score), open field, wire suspension, beam balance, and inclined-plane tests (Experiment 2). @entity149 was determined at Week 3 using the rotarod (motor learning), T-maze (working memory), and water maze (spatial learning and memory) (Experiment 3), followed by histopathological analysis 1 week later (Experiment 4). RESULTS: Stereotactic collagenase infusion caused dose-dependent elevations in @entity1410 volume, @entity2657 , @entity51 , and blood-brain barrier rupture, while physiological variables remained stable. Functional outcomes mostly normalized by Week 3, whereas @entity149 paralleled the cystic cavitary lesion at 30 days. Obstructive hydrocephalus did not develop despite a clinically relevant 30-day mortality rate (approximately 54%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the model can mimic several translational aspects of pontine @entity548 in @entity1 and can be used in the evaluation of potential preclinical therapeutic interventions.

title: Evaluation of the @entity1410 consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a XXXX model of pontine @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive ability', 'neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages', 'ICHs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate how bladder management, rather than urinary incontinence, may affect the functional outcome of @entity385 @entity1 . We studied 919 consecutive @entity1 admitted for @entity385 rehabilitation. Level of bladder management was determined by Functional Independence Measurement ( @entity15467 TM) sub-scale scores relevant to bladder control. @entity15467 scores less than 5 points was determined as low-bladder management score (Low-BMS) while @entity15467 scores greater than 5 was determined as high-bladder management score (High-BMS). Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation, and chi-square test as well as by multiple linear regression analysis. There were 594 low-bladder score @entity1 (Low-BMS) and 325 high-bladder score @entity1 (High-BMS), at admission. Compared with High-BMS, Low-BMS @entity1 were slightly older (p = 0.002), had longer rehabilitation stays (p < 0.001) and lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (p < 0.001). Total @entity15467 at admission and discharge were lower in Low-BMS, yet their total @entity15467 gain upon discharge was higher, compared with High-BMS (19.5    16.46 vs. 17.59    12.55, p = 0.07). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that total @entity15467 at discharge was inversely associated with Low-BMS at admission (beta = -0.407; p<0.001) and age (beta = -0.127; p < 0.001). A high MMSE score (beta = 0.334; p < 0.001) emerged as predicting higher total @entity15467 scores upon discharge. Low-BMS was independently predictive for total @entity15467 gain at discharge (beta = 0.166; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that Low-BMS should be held as adversely affecting the rehabilitation outcomes of elderly @entity64 @entity1 . However, Low-BMS @entity1 do obtain significant gains and should not be deprived of rehabilitation.

title: Bladder management and the functional outcome of elderly @entity385 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8 stenting is a common means of treating @entity2791 . However, @entity8 remains a frequent problem. The optimal treatment of restenosis has not been established and may involve @entity8 or deployment of a second stent. Other modalities include cutting @entity661 , repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents or endovascular brachytherapy. Most recently, use of @entity736 ( @entity736 )-covered stents may offer a new and innovative way to treat recurrent @entity2791 . We describe a case in a @entity1 who initially presented with @entity177 and multi-drug @entity101 in the setting of severe @entity2791 . Her @entity2791 was initially successfully treated by percutaneous deployment of bilateral bare metal renal artery stents. After initial improvement of her @entity101 and @entity177 , both parameters declined and follow-up duplex evaluation confirmed renal @entity1094 . Owing to other medical co-morbidities she was felt to be a poor surgical candidate and was subsequently treated first with bilateral cutting @entity661 and second with drug-eluting stent deployment. Each procedure was associated with initial improvement of renal function and blood pressure control, which then later deteriorated with the development of further significant in-stent restenosis. It was then decided to treat the restenosis using PTFE-covered stents. At 12 months of follow-up, the blood pressure had remained stable and renal function had normalized. The covered stents remained free of any significant neointimal tissue or obstruction.

title: Percutaneous revascularization of persistent renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery restenosis', 'percutaneous renal artery angioplasty', 'Percutaneous renal artery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1094 :: ('MESH:D006083', 'Disease') :: ['artery in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenosis', 'atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1094 :: (MESH:D006083,Disease) :: ['artery in-stent restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of action for volatile anesthetics remain unknown for centuries partly owing to the insufficient or ineffective research models. We designed this study to develop three strains derived from a wild-type @entity238 with different sensitivities to volatile anesthetics, which may ultimately facilitate molecular and genetic studies of the mechanism involved. METHODS: Median effective doses ( @entity2613 (50)) of @entity2614 in seven-day-old virgin female and male wild-type @entity238 were determined. The sensitive males and females of percentile 6 - 10 were cultured for breeding sensitive offspring (S(1)). So did median ones of percentile 48 - 52 for breeding median offspring (M(1)), resistant ones of percentile 91 - 95 for breeding resistant offspring (R(1)). Process was repeated through 31 generations, in the 37th generation, S(37), M(37) and R(37) were used to determine @entity2613 (50) for @entity4488 , @entity5161 , @entity2614 , @entity10233 , @entity1508 , @entity11961 , @entity3636 and @entity4965 , then @entity2613 (50) values were correlated with minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values in @entity1 . RESULTS: From a wild-type @entity238 we were able to breed three strains with high, median and low @entity2614 requirements. The ratio of @entity2614 requirements of three strains were 1.20:1.00:0.53 for females and 1.22:1.00:0.72 for males. Strains sensitive, median and resistant to @entity2614 were also sensitive, median and resistant to other volatile anesthetics. For eight anesthetics, @entity2613 (50) values in three strains correlated directly with MAC values in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Three @entity238 strains with high, median and low sensitivity to volatile anesthetics, but with same hereditary background were developed. The @entity2613 (50) are directly correlated with MAC in @entity1 for eight volatile anesthetics.

title: Development of three XXXX strains with different sensitivity to volatile anesthetics.

entities_list: @entity11961 :: ('MESH:D008733', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyflurane']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity5 showing xanthomatous change are reported here. Four @entity1 in the series showed features of anaplastic (malignant) @entity11 or @entity463 multiforme. In these @entity1 , the astrocytic origin of the xanthomatous cells was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using @entity538 ( @entity538 ). Of these, in one @entity1 (no. 4) xanthomatous change was seen in an anaplastic (malignant) @entity11 with significant ependymal component. Only one @entity1 (no. 5) could be considered histologically as @entity1893 , but no clinical follow up was available. The value of immunohistochemical staining for @entity538 in distinguishing @entity11 with xanthomatous change from true xanthofibromas and xanthosarcomas was demonstrated in one @entity1 (no. 6) in whom the glioblastomatous areas were @entity538 positive but the xanthomatous areas were negative. This was therefore considered as a rare condition of @entity463 with xanthosarcoma.

title: XXXX of glial origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumours']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['mixed glioma', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Xanthomatous change in tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced excessive sweating (ADIES) occurs in 5% to 14% of patients taking antidepressants, usually persists throughout treatment, and causes subjective @entity73 . We conducted the first clinical trial of any treatment for ADIES. METHODS: Clinical features of ADIES were assessed using a semi-structured form. Twenty-three @entity1 with moderate or greater ADIES were assessed for a 2-week baseline period , followed by 6 weeks of open-label treatment with flexible dose @entity7477 , 1 to 6 mg/d. Improvement in ADIES was measured by the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale and other measures. RESULTS: ADIES commonly was prominent in the scalp (62%), face (95%), neck (48%), and chest (57%); usually occurred either episodically or with episodic bursts (82%); and was persistent (median 63 months). Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 responded to @entity7477 (CGI-I scores 1 or 2), with CGI-Severity improving from median of 5 to median of 2 (P < .0001). @entity1 -rated daytime and nighttime severity of ADIES and proportion of time in ADIES also improved significantly. The most common adverse effects of @entity7477 therapy were @entity1296 /lightheadedness (n = 9) and @entity2133 (n = 4). No @entity1 dropped out because of adverse effects. Sitting and standing systolic blood pressure decreased by median values of 3 (P = .044) and 5 (P = .063) mm Hg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7477 may be an effective treatment for ADIES. Although @entity1296 /lightheadedness may occur in some @entity1 , the treatment generally was well tolerated.

title: Antidepressant-induced excessive sweating: clinical features and treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['distress and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin', 'Terazosin']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity7477 :: (MESH:C041226,Chemical) :: ['terazosin']


abstract: This article's objectives are to investigate the relationship between @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) and fertility of @entity291 spermatozoa, determine the proportion of @entity26 consumption devoted to proton leak and that due to nonmitochondrial processes, and discover whether freeze/thawing affects sperm @entity26 consumption. @entity26 consumption of @entity291 spermatozoa was measured using a standard Clark electrode and, for the first time, in an @entity26 Biosensor System (OBS). Total @entity855 formation by @entity291 spermatozoa was calculated from the @entity26 consumption and @entity880 production (glycolysis) by the same spermatozoa sample. @entity855 production varied from 1.99 to 8.09 mumol @entity855 per 10(8) spermatozoa per hour; glycolysis accounted for 16% to 38% of @entity855 . Nonmitochondrial @entity26 consumption could not be detected in @entity291 spermatozoa using these methods. A significant proportion (16%-43%) of @entity26 consumption was insensitive to oligomycin and was due to "proton leak." There was no significant difference between @entity26 consumption of frozen/thawed and fresh spermatozoa for 2 of the 3 bulls tested. However, @entity26 consumption of frozen/thawed spermatozoa was significantly higher (P < .05) than fresh spermatozoa for the third bull. When ZO(2) of frozen/thawed spermatozoa from 20 bulls was compared with their 49 day nonreturn rates (NRRs), @entity26 consumption was correlated positively with NRR (ie, fresh spermatozoa with a higher ZO(2) were more fertile). Moreover, total @entity855 production correlated with NNR better than ZO(2). Bulls with a lower NRR produce spermatozoa that are susceptible to damage during the freeze/thawing process, causing an increase in ZO(2), possibly due to mitochondrial membrane damage resulting in more energy being expended in maintaining the proton gradient, or capacitation-like changes causing hyperactivation. @entity26 consumption measured in the OBS may be useful in assessing @entity291 sperm fertility.

title: @entity855 production by XXXX spermatozoa and its relationship to semen fertilizing ability.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a new widely accepted method for treating @entity356 , was developed to increase the en bloc rate, especially for lesions larger than 20 mm in diameter. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for @entity14 . METHODS: From July 2006 to December 2007, ESD was indicated for @entity1 with @entity14 larger than 20 mm in diameter. The rates of curative en bloc resection, the procedure time, and the incidence of complications were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity14 were resected by ESD. The mean diameter of these lesions was 32.6 mm (range, 20-85 mm). The rate of en bloc resection was 93.2% (69/74), and the mean ESD procedure time was 110 min (range, 80-185 min). None of @entity1 had @entity548 during ESD, and only one @entity1 (1.4%) bled 8 days after ESD. Six @entity1 experienced perforation, and all except one recovered after several days of conservative treatment. The @entity1 who did not recover underwent urgent surgery. The perforation rate was 8.1% (6/74). All the @entity1 were followed up. Healing of the artificial @entity1066 was confirmed, and with no lesion residue or recurrence was found. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show ESD to be effective for @entity14 , making it possible to resect the whole lesion in one piece and to provide precise histologic information.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal epithelial neoplasms', 'colorectal epithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal epithelial neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effect of @entity11676 (GA) on @entity632 ( @entity3105 )-induced @entity137 was investigated in experimental @entity35 model. The @entity35 were randomly divided into six groups of 10 animals per group. @entity35 in group A received clean tap water ad libitum. @entity35 in group B were administered @entity3105 intraperitoneally at 15  mg/kg on the eighth day of the experiment. Animals in groups C and D received 60 and 120  mg/kg GA orally for 7  days with 15  mg/kg @entity3105 on the eighth day. @entity35 in groups E and F received 60 and 120  mg/kg GA alone orally for 7  days. The animals were sacrificed 24  hr after the last administration. @entity3105 administration led to a significant (p  <  0.05) increase in @entity273 and @entity1234 levels with significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes and reduced @entity2041 levels. @entity3105 administration also led to a significant increase in @entity6847 and prolactin together with a significant decrease in @entity251 levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expressions of @entity4124 in the testicular tissues of @entity35 that received @entity3105 alone. Together, pre-treatment with GA attenuated markers of oxidative stress, reversed @entity6847 and ameliorated the observed aberration in plasma @entity251 and prolactin levels.

title: Protective effect of XXXX on @entity632 -induced @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['testicular and epididymal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['total sperm abnormalities', 'sperm abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallic acid']

answer: @entity11676 :: (MESH:D005707,Chemical) :: ['Gallic acid']


abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to suppress @entity1369 secretion under certain circumstances, although the physiological significance of this is uncertain. We wondered if ANP would suppress @entity972 -stimulated @entity1369 secretion in @entity1 and, if so, whether we might find high circulating levels of ANP in @entity1 with the syndrome of acquired @entity13591 . We studied seven healthy young subjects under two conditions: 1) infusion of @entity4338 (0.5 mmol/kg) over 45 min, and 2) @entity4338 infused with ANP (0.01 microgram/kg.min) for 60 min. We also evaluated ANP levels in eight elderly subjects with the syndrome of acquired @entity13591 , as defined by @entity4144 (mean serum K+, 5.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) associated with inappropriately low @entity1369 levels (216 +/- 50 pmol/L). In the normal subjects, ANP almost completely suppressed the @entity1369 response to @entity4338 infusion (P less than 0.001, by analysis of variance) despite a similar rise in the serum @entity972 level with @entity4338 alone (0.70 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) and @entity4338 plus ANP (0.75 +/- 0.09 mmol/L). PRA fell slightly during @entity4338 plus ANP treatment, but did not change during the infusion of @entity4338 alone. ANP levels were approximately 800 pmol/L during the ANP infusion studies. Endogenous ANP levels in the @entity6564 @entity1 with @entity13591 were markedly elevated at 1186 +/- 340 pmol/L (compared to 93 +/- 10 pmol/L in healthy elderly controls), a level that would be capable of suppressing the @entity972 -mediated @entity1369 response. Exogenous infusion of ANP suppressed the @entity1369 response to @entity4144 , and ANP levels were found to be markedly elevated in a group of @entity1 with @entity4144 and @entity13591 . We suggest that ANP may contribute to clinically significant @entity13591 and @entity4144 in the syndrome of acquired @entity13591 .

title: Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on @entity972 -stimulated @entity1369 secretion: potential relevance to XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity13591 :: ('MESH:D006994', 'Disease') :: ['hypoaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity13591 :: (MESH:D006994,Disease) :: ['hypoaldosteronism']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retinal basement membranes (BMs) serve as attachment sites for retinal pigment epithelial cells on Bruch's membrane and M  ller cells (MCs) on the inner limiting membrane (ILM), providing polarity cues to adherent cells. The @entity8042 and gamma3 chains of laminin are key components of retinal BMs throughout development, suggesting that they play key roles in retinal histogenesis. This study was conducted to analyze how the absence of both @entity8042 - and gamma3-containing laminins affects retinal development. Methods. The function of the @entity8042 - and gamma3-containing laminins was tested by producing a compound deletion of both the @entity8042 and the gamma3 laminin genes in the @entity19 and assaying the effect on postnatal retinal development by using anatomic and electrophysiological techniques. Results. Despite the widespread expression of @entity8042 and gamma3 laminin chains in wild-type (WT) retinal BMs, the development of only one, the ILM, was disrupted. The postnatal consequence of the ILM disruption was an alteration of MC attachment and a resultant disruption in MC apical-basal polarity, which culminated in @entity21747 . Of importance, although their density was altered, retinal cell fates were unaffected. The laminin mutants have a markedly decreased visual function, resulting in part from photoreceptor dysgenesis. Conclusions. These data suggest that @entity8042 and gamma3 laminin isoforms are critical for the formation and stability of the ILM. These data also suggest that attachment of the MC to the ILM provides important polarity cues to the MC and for postnatal retinal histogenesis.

title: Defective formation of the inner limiting membrane in laminin beta2- and gamma3-null XXXX produces @entity21747 .

entities_list: @entity21747 :: ('MESH:D015792', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysplasia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is a @entity1501 antagonist; its main effects are immunosuppressive and antineoplastic. It is used in the treatment of @entity5 , lung and @entity627 . There are few reports of immediate @entity56 and these include @entity2021 , @entity110 and @entity113 . We present a 17 years old male, with a history of @entity2021 to @entity1499 during the induction therapy of @entity981 L2. It was decided that the drug was necessary for the @entity1  s survival, thus diagnostic skin testing was performed, during which he presented @entity2021 . The desensitization consisted of 5 days premedication and a 12-steps protocol of intravenous infusions of 8 hours   duration, starting with a 1:1.000.000 dilution. The @entity1 was successfully desensitized. He was maintained with IV @entity1500 50mg/m2 weekly for 1 year using the same protocol successfully. This protocol of 12 steps was successful and safe to desensitize a @entity1 with @entity2021 due to @entity1500 . During such protocol intensive care supervision is critical, as all precautions should be taken to avoid endangering the life of the @entity1 .

title: [Desensitization protocol to XXXX . Clinical case].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: A single dose of epidural @entity1286 (EM) usually produces 24 h of post-cesarean section (CS) @entity1337 and @entity1 require supplemental analgesics beyond this period. This study assesses if a second dose of EM administered 24 h after the first one offers superior therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional analgesics. @entity1 (n = 100) were randomized to receive one or two doses of epidural @entity1286 . In all @entity1 , EM 5 mg was administered after delivery. After 24 h @entity1 received epidurally either normal saline (n = 50, Group 1) or @entity1286 5 mg (n = 50, Group 2). An independent observer used a visual analogue scale to assess @entity390 , itching, and @entity1337 24 h after each injection. Results were expressed as mean +/- 1 s.e. mean and analyzed using nonparametric methods. The second dose of EM produced a significantly lower incidence and severity of @entity390 and itching than did the first dose (P < 0.01) in Group 2 with no difference in @entity1337 . The second day postoperative @entity158 score in Group 1 was significantly greater than the first day score in the same group, and significantly greater than the severity score in Group 2. Only 36% of @entity1 receiving two doses of EM required supplemental analgesics beyond 48 h compared to 76% of those receiving one dose (P < 0.01). No serious complications were noted. In summary, the use of a second dose of EM for post-CS @entity1337 produces better @entity1337 and reduces the need for oral analgesics. The second dose produced fewer side-effects, probably due to acute tolerance to @entity1286 .

title: A two-dose epidural XXXX regimen for cesarean section @entity1 : therapeutic efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The number of @entity1 with @entity170 or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is increasing in aging and westernized societies. Both disorders predispose elderly @entity1 to disabling conditions by causing @entity174 and @entity455 , respectively. Recent animal studies have shown that administration of @entity2450 , which is specifically secreted from osteoblasts, can increase insulin secretion and ameliorate @entity4854 , @entity28 , and high @entity412 levels in @entity19 fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, several studies have shown that antagonism of Wnt signaling by oxidative stress contributes to the development of @entity170 , as well as insulin resistance and @entity407 . Thus, bone metabolism and @entity413 /fat metabolism seem to be etiologically related to each other. Meta-analyses of multiple clinical studies in @entity1 have shown that hip @entity174 risk of @entity6 @entity1 is increased by 1.4-1.7-fold, although @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is not diminished. @entity174 risk of @entity6 @entity1 is also increased, and @entity79 is not sensitive enough to assess the risk. These findings suggest that @entity79 in @entity6 , which is not reflected by @entity79 , depends on bone @entity5122 rather than bone mass reduction. Thus, surrogate markers are needed to replace the insensitivity of @entity79 in assessing @entity174 risks of @entity6 @entity1 . @entity23032 , the endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and insulin-like growth factor-I seem to be such candidates, although further studies are required to clarify whether or not these markers could predict the occurrence of new @entity174 of @entity6 @entity1 in a prospective fashion.

title: XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity23032 :: ('CHEBI:59951', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentosidine']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fracture', 'fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['quality deterioration']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'bone fragility', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Bone fragility']


abstract: As the significance of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is constantly rising, the scarcity of matched donors is proving to be a troubling issue. Cord blood (CB) is an important source of stem cells (SC) for transplantation. It has been used in the last two decades for approximately 4500 transplantations. Its collection, cryopreservation, banking and thawing techniques pose unique challenges to clinicians and researchers CB has abundant stem cell with impressive proliferative capacity. On the other hand, CB's immunological system has a na  ve and more tolerant nature. Except for the biological aspects, few ethical issues have become a concern for transplantation teams who use CB. There are few advantages of CB over bone marrow, especially the lower rates of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after transplantation. On the other hand, there are relatively high rates of early treatment related mortality in @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). This is related to the small nucleated cell (NC) dose infused from each CB unit. The clinical experience in @entity1503 , especially in @entity1 , is encouraging. When using adequate number of NC/kg, results in @entity1503 for malignant and non-malignant diseases are comparable to bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In this article, a comprehensive review of the largest scale studies is presented. There is a continuous search for an optimal way to deal with delayed engraftment of CB and its implication. The current investigational, and also first clinical trials using diverse methods to overcome high rates of TRM are reviewed. Almost twenty years after the first @entity1503 was preformed, many advocate for a routine parallel search, BM and CB, for unrelated donor. Future uses of CB might also be in the field of gene transfer and non hematopoietic injured tissues repair.

title: XXXX umbilical cord blood biology, transplantation and plasticity.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cord blood transplantation', 'CBT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: In nine chronic haemodialysis @entity1 a @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) load test (40 mg/kg body-weight) was performed 1 year after the beginning of treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEpo). The @entity1 were then divided into two groups. Group A comprised five @entity1 with a greater mean @entity5715 (204 +/- 28 micrograms/l) than the four @entity1 in group B. Group A was given a mean dose of 25.8 g (range 14-39 g) of @entity10775 over 6 months. Group B ( @entity5715 values 112 +/- 36 micrograms/l) was never treated with @entity10775 . During the period of observation, plasma @entity68 , serum ferritin and @entity69 , as well as @entity68 supplementation, did not differ between the groups. After @entity10775 treatment a second @entity10775 load test was performed. The mean predialysis @entity5715 value was significantly reduced in group A (204 +/- 28 vs 111 +/- 72 micrograms/l; P less than 0.05), while remaining unchanged in group B (112 +/- 36 vs 140 +/- 39 micrograms/l; P = ns). In both groups, the doses of rHuEpo necessary to maintain the same haemoglobin values decreased with time, but reduced significantly only in group A (298 +/- 105 vs 110 +/- 61 mu/kg per week; delta -63%; P less than 0.01). Thus, @entity5715 interferes with the response to rHuEpo in haemodialysis @entity1 , and the correction of @entity5715 overload with @entity10775 can allow a considerable sparing of rHuEpo.

title: @entity5715 interference in the treatment of haemodialysis XXXX with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the ayurvedic system of medicine. It is also known as Indian Madder or Manjistha and is traditionally used as an antiinflammatory, antiseptic, and galactopurifier, but its anticancer propertis are yet not known. OBJECTIVE: The ameliorative effect of the Rubia cordifolia @entity1042 extract on @entity107 -induced experimental hepatocellular @entity105 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Changes in liver weight, serum markers of @entity409 , @entity3787 radicals, lipid peroxidation, levels of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants; mitochondrial and respiratory chain enzymes were also investigated using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies. Male albino @entity35 of @entity35 strain were divided into four groups for a study period of 3 months. Animals of group I and group IV served as control and drug control, respectively. @entity157 was induced in animals of groups II and III with 0.02% @entity107 . RESULTS: Upon Rubia cordifolia @entity1042 extract co-treatment (250, 500, and 750   mg/kg bodyweight) in group III alone levels of serum marker enzymes and antioxidants increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of @entity3787 radicals and lipid peroxidation decreased. Mitochondrial enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes, which were decreased in @entity107 -induced @entity35 , increased significantly in RC treated @entity35 . Further histological analysis of liver confirmed the prevention of pathological changes caused by @entity107 on Rubia cordifolia supplementation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that Rubia cordifolia can be a source of potent antioxidants for treatment of diseases such as @entity5 .

title: Ameliorative effect of @entity1042 extract of Rubia cordifolia in XXXX -induced @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']