abstract: PURPOSE: The lateral ridge expansion technique is used to expand the narrow edentulous ridge for implant placement. The staged approach can be used to split the mandibular ridge to decrease the risk of malfracture during osteotomy. The present study reports the clinical results of a surgical technique that expands a narrow mandibular ridge using an immediate and a delayed lateral expansion technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 @entity1 with a narrow edentulous posterior mandibular ridge of 2 to 4 mm were included in the present study, and 84 implants were placed. Of the 32 @entity1 , 23 were treated with an immediate lateral expansion technique and 9 with a delayed lateral expansion technique. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity1 who underwent the immediate lateral expansion technique, a malfracture of the thin buccal cortical plate occurred during ridge splitting in 5 @entity1 . All buccal segments of the 9 @entity1 who underwent the delayed lateral expansion technique fractured as planned at the inferior horizontal corticotomy line favorably. After 4 to 5 months, all implants were stable and surrounded by bone, and ossification of the osteotomy line was obvious. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral ridge expansion technique is effective for horizontal augmentation in the severely @entity3202 . The delayed lateral ridge expansion technique can be used more safely and predictably in @entity1 with high bone quality and thick cortex and a narrower ridge in the mandible.

title: Immediate and delayed lateral ridge expansion technique in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic posterior mandibular ridge']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic posterior mandibular ridge']


abstract: Primary cell cultures were initiated from surgically obtained specimens from @entity1 @entity11 . After 4-10 passages in vitro the cells from 18 individual cases were seeded onto @entity2686 and left to attach for 24 h in medium containing fetal calf serum. Thereafter the medium was changed to serumfree, defined conditions and the following growth factors were added: @entity16599 .5 x 10-8 M, PDGF 35 ng/ml, FGF 80 pg/ml. The growth factors were added fresh every 2 days. After 9 or 11 days in culture, the cells on one multiwell-plate were counted. In 8 cases another set which was cultured also in a multiwell-plate but on glass cover slides was immunostained for @entity538 ( @entity538 ), fibronectin (FN), A2B5 and @entity8159 ( @entity15225 ). The proliferative response pattern in consequence to the growth factor addition varied greatly between different cases. In all cases a pronounced proliferative response was accompanied by marked changes on the culture morphology. Usually the best proliferative response was obtained with PDGF (10 cases) or FGF (8 cases) whereas EGF was most effective only in one case. Two cases showed only minimal response, one of which was an @entity3271 D according to Ludwig and another a @entity3038 which was re-evaluated after 1 year in culture. It could be noted, however, that FGF had a tendency to be less effective in the group of malignant @entity816 . The staining pattern of the cultures with the afore mentioned markers was not affected by the growth factor treatment. The proliferative response usually resulted in increased staining for fibronectin and never an induction of @entity538 . A2B5 staining was positive only in one case of @entity3038 and @entity15225 staining was regularly negative.

title: Growth factors in cultured XXXX @entity11 cells: differential effects of FGF, EGF and PDGF.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster dishes']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1200 caused by acute lung rejection leads to fibroblast proliferation. @entity17540 is a product of activated fibroblasts and possibly an indicator of fibroblast proliferation. One hundred thirty-six bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma hyaluronate assays were performed in 57 lung transplant recipients. Pulmonary endothelial cell function was assessed by measuring bronchoalveolar lavage levels of @entity19311 phosphorylase. Presence of acute cellular rejection was monitored by transbronchial biopsy histologic evaluation and was classified as minimal to mild (acute rejection I, II) and moderate to severe (acute rejection III, IV). Infection was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage culture and antibiotic sensitivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage hyaluronate levels in clinically stable recipients were 33.5 +/- 4.69 micrograms/L and were significantly higher than with clinically stable recipients (p = 0.0001), @entity281 (p = 0.008), or mild rejection (p = 0.001). Levels were highest in recipients with @entity16 (392.4 +/- 60.6 micrograms/L). @entity16 also resulted in significant elevations of plasma HA as compared with stable recipients (p = 0.001) and mild rejection. We conclude that clinically significant injury to the allograft from rejection or @entity16 can be assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage hyaluronate assays and suggest that the source of @entity17540 in these instances are activated fibroblasts.

title: Monitoring of acute lung rejection and XXXX by bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma levels of hyaluronic acid in clinical lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['Hyaluronate', 'hyaluronate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'Diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Local immunological injury']

entities_list: @entity19311 :: ('CHEBI:26394', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleoside']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective ancillary study was conducted to determine the association between the time from symptom onset to treatment and @entity7086 in @entity1 with @entity583 . BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence that the time window for thrombolytic therapy should be extended to at least 12 h; however, many clinicians are concerned that late treatment may cause an excessive occurrence of @entity204 from @entity7086 . Because up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity583 arrive in the hospital > 6 h from symptom onset, resolving this issue is of paramount clinical importance. METHODS: A total of 5,711 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomized to receive intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) (100 mg over 3 h) or matching placebo, within 6 and 24 h from symptom onset. Both groups received immediate oral @entity117 , and a majority of @entity1 received intravenous heparin during the initial 48 h. RESULTS: By 35 days, 177 @entity1 had died, with the cause of @entity204 specified as @entity7086 (53 @entity1 ), electromechanical dissociation (42 @entity1 ) or @entity1167 (82 @entity1 ). An additional 370 @entity1 had died of other causes. In @entity1 treated within 12 h, the proportion of @entity204 in the group given rt-PA was higher than that observed in those who received placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. In @entity1 treated after 12 h, there was no evidence of an increased incidence of @entity397 with rt-PA, and the proportion of deaths due to @entity397 in this group was lower than that in @entity1 given placebo. However, there was evidence of a difference between rt-PA and placebo with respect to the time that @entity397 became clinically manifest (treatment by time to @entity204 interaction, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides unequivocal evidence that late treatment (6 to 24 h after symptom onset) with rt-PA is not associated with an increased risk of @entity7086 . However, for reasons that are unclear, coronary thrombolysis appears to accelerate @entity397 events, typically to within 24 h of treatment.

title: XXXX associated with thrombolytic therapy: impact of time to treatment in the Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy (LATE) study.

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['rupture deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity7086 :: (MESH:D006341,Disease) :: ['Cardiac rupture']


abstract: Six cadaver forelimbs were imaged in two high-field magnetic resonance (MR) systems and one low-field MR system following the creation of @entity4713 on the palmar distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. The following sequences were performed using all three systems: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) turbo spin echo, T2* gradient echo (GRE), T2-weighted fast spin echo, and short tau inversion recovery. In addition, 3D T1 GRE sagittal standard and motion insensitive sequences were obtained using the low-field system. @entity2101 fat saturated and 3D T1-weighted spoiled GRE images with and without fat suppression were acquired with the high-field systems. Lesions were measured and assigned a confidence score. The images obtained using high-field systems (1.0 and 1.5 T) more accurately represented the @entity4713 when compared with low-field system (0.27 T) images. The largest difference was observed when evaluating articular cartilage defects, which were not identified on the low-field images. Sequence selection affected the appearance of the lesions. On all systems the turbo and fast spin echo sequences more accurately represented the lesion size and shape when compared with the GRE sequences. The T1 GRE sequence is the only sequence that appears to allow visualization of the articular cartilage on the low-field images, but is limited in providing adequate cartilage visualization. Confidence scores were greater on the high-field systems when compared with the low-field system.

title: The effect of sequence selection and field strength on detection of XXXX in the metacarpophalangeal joint.

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'proton density']

answer: @entity4713 :: (MESH:D010007,Disease) :: ['osteochondral defects']


abstract: We evaluated 22 @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) due to @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to assess their knowledge of the hereditary nature of the condition and to determine whether they received adequate genetic counseling. @entity1 were evaluated by means of a questionnaire and a review of their medical records. Only 5 of 22 (23%) knew their disorder was hereditary at the time of diagnosis, and in only 4 (18%) was genetic counseling suggested. In no instance had proband and spouse received genetic counseling together. Diagnostic studies of @entity1 at risk were rarely suggested. We also evaluated the @entity1 of 9 probands for @entity8 . Of 26 @entity1 evaluated, 17 had @entity8 (65%). Sixteen had no @entity1 at the time of testing. All but two of the 26 were less than 25 years old. Of the probands' @entity1 over 15 years of age, 55% knew the name of the condition in the family but only 9% knew they should be tested. Our study demonstrated inadequacy of genetic counseling and follow-up in this group of @entity1 ; we suggest that referral for counseling become a routine part of their management. Early diagnosis and effective counseling has the potential benefit for the individuals of making rational reproductive decisions appropriate for their situation. Counseling may have to be repeated during the course of the @entity1 ' disease, as their perception of risk may change with time. With advances in dialysis and transplantation, @entity454 may not be as devastating in years to come as it is now.

title: Genetic counseling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['adult polycystic kidney disease', 'APKD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['adult polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standardizing limb salvage surgery for malignant @entity3478 should result in improved limb function after @entity5 excision and reconstruction. Recently, we developed and clinically applied a method of biological reconstruction using @entity5 -bearing autografts treated with liquid @entity1568 . We report this newly modified technique using pedicle frozen autografts to save the continuity of anatomical structures. METHODS: We treated 33 @entity3478 @entity1 . Diagnoses of the @entity5 were 17 @entity421 , 11 @entity3 , 2 Ewing's @entity242 , 2 @entity511 , and 1 undifferentiated @entity242 . The sites of the @entity5 were 23 femurs, 5 tibias, 4 humeri, and 1 calcaneus. Operative procedures consisted of exposing the @entity5 , performing one-site osteotomy or @entity2720 , rotating and freezing the @entity5 lesion in liquid @entity1568 for 20 min, and reconstruction using intramedullary nailing, plates, or composite arthroplasty. RESULTS: Postoperative function was excellent in 25 @entity1 (75.7%), good in 5 @entity1 (15.1%), and fair in 3 @entity1 (9.0%). At the final follow-up, 8 @entity1 had died at a mean of 17 months postoperatively, and 18 @entity1 remained disease-free for a mean follow-up period of 30 months (range 7-69 months). Seven @entity1 were alive but with disease. Complications were encountered in 12 @entity1 , including 4 deep infections, 3 @entity174 , 3 local recurrences from surrounding soft tissue, 2 nonunions, and 1 collapse. All were managed successfully. CONCLUSIONS: The pedicle frozen autograft, which was newly developed to solve drawbacks of previously reported free frozen autografts, achieved success for reconstruction of malignant @entity3478 . This is a new, simple, effective surgical technique for biological reconstruction that is still investigated but has potential for development.

title: Pedicle frozen autograft reconstruction in malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint dislocation']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review bronchial provocations tests used in the measurement of @entity2488 to help in the diagnosis of @entity565 . RECENT FINDINGS: The bronchial provocations tests reviewed include exercise, @entity2710 , @entity860 and @entity2656 , with reference to methodology and monitoring of treatment. SUMMARY: @entity2710 is used for identifying @entity2488 and to guide treatment. Exercise is used as a bronchial provocation test because demonstrating prevention of exercise-induced @entity565 is an indication for use of a drug. Both of these tests are being used to study tolerance to @entity2263 agonists. There is increasing use of eucapnic @entity2798 as a surrogate bronchial provocation test for exercise to identify exercise-induced @entity565 , particularly in athletes. For @entity2710 and @entity860 there is concern about the different breathing patterns used to inhale these aerosols and the impact they have on the cutoff point for identifying @entity2488 . A new test that uses a kit containing prepacked capsules of different doses of @entity2656 and a delivery device is discussed. There is increasing interest in using tests that act indirectly by release of mediators because the @entity2488 itself is an indicator of the presence of @entity32 . Since treatment of @entity32 leads to loss of @entity2488 to indirect stimuli, these tests are well suited to identify success of treatment.

title: Provocative challenges to help diagnose and monitor XXXX : exercise, @entity2710 , adenosine, and @entity2656 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine', 'Methacholine']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hyperpnea']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The main energy reserve of the brain is glycogen, which is almost exclusively localized in astrocytes. We previously reported that cerebral expression of certain genes related to glycogen metabolism changed following instrumental @entity1949 in @entity19 . Here, we extended our investigations to another set of genes related to glycogen and @entity413 metabolism. We also compared the effect of instrumentally and pharmacologically induced prolonged wakefulness, followed (or not) by 3 hours of sleep recovery, on the expression of genes related to brain energy metabolism. DESIGN: Sleep deprivation for 6-7 hours. SETTING: Animal sleep research laboratory. @entity1 : Adults OF1 @entity19 . INTERVENTIONS: Wakefulness was maintained by " @entity1949 " method (GSD) or by administration of the wakefulness-promoting drug @entity2728 (MOD) (200 mg/kg i.p.). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Levels of mRNAs encoding proteins related to energy metabolism were measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the cerebral cortex. The mRNAs encoding @entity21359 (PTG) and the glial @entity413 transporter were significantly increased following both procedures used to prolong wakefulness. @entity21360 mRNA levels were increased only after GSD, while neuronal @entity413 transporter mRNA only after MOD. These effects were reversed after sleep recovery. A significant enhancement of glycogen synthase activity without any changes in glycogen levels was observed in both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the existence of a metabolic adaptation of astrocytes aimed at maintaining brain energy homeostasis during the sleep-wake cycle.

title: Metabolic response of the cerebral cortex following @entity1949 and XXXX administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['gentle sleep deprivation', 'sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity21359 :: ('53412(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['protein targeting to glycogen']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['modafinil']


abstract: This study assessed electronic thermography as a diagnostic alternative for evaluation of @entity2956 . The study populations consisted of 50 temporomandibular joint @entity1 having internal derangement or @entity571 and 30 normal temporomandibular joint subjects. An Agema 870 thermovision unit was used for analysis. Diagnostic evaluations by expert interpreters were made using standard procedures. Thermography measurements included mean absolute temperature measurements and right-left temperature differences for five anatomic zones and four spot areas. Statistical analysis of data included both linear discriminant analysis and classification-tree analysis. Results indicated that when differentiating between "abnormal" and "normal" temporomandibular joints using classification-tree analysis, correct classifications were made in 89% of the cases and observer diagnostic accuracy was 84%. When evaluating for specific diagnoses (eg, @entity571 , internal derangement, or normal temporomandibular joint), correct classifications using classification-tree analysis were made in 73% of the cases and observer evaluation was correct in 59%. The three best temperature measures found were: (1) delta T of the zone immediately overlying the temporomandibular joint; (2) the zone temperature of the half-face; and (3) the spot temperature anterior to the external auditory meatus. Additional studies are needed before thermographic diagnosis of @entity11158 is accepted clinically.

title: Thermographic assessment of XXXX : diagnostic interpretation versus temperature measurement analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity11158 :: ('MESH:D017271', 'Disease') :: ['craniomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity11158 :: (MESH:D017271,Disease) :: ['craniomandibular disorders']


abstract: In Argentina, @entity526 O157:H7/NM (STEC O157) is the prevalent serotype associated with @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), which is endemic in the country with more than 400 cases per year. In order to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 in beef @entity291 at slaughter, a survey of 1,622 fecal and carcass samples was conducted in nine beef exporting abattoirs from November 2006 to April 2008. A total of 54 samples were found positive for STEC O157, with an average prevalence of 4.1% in fecal content and 2.6% in carcasses. @entity291 and heifers presented higher percentages of prevalence in feces, 10.5 and 8.5%, respectively. All STEC O157 isolates harbored stx(2) (Shiga toxin 2), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin), and fliC(H7) (H7 flagellin) genes, while stx(1) (Shiga toxin 1) was present in 16.7% of the strains. The prevalent (56%) stx genotype identified was stx(2) combined with variant stx(2c (vh-a)), the combination of which is also prevalent (>90%) in STEC O157 post-enteric @entity1381 cases in Argentina. The clonal relatedness of STEC O157 strains was established by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 54 STEC isolates were categorized into 12 different phage types and in 29 XbaI-PFGE patterns distributed in 27 different lots. STEC O157 strains isolated from 5 of 21 carcasses were identical by PFGE (100% similarity) to strains of the fecal content of the same or a contiguous @entity291 in the lot. Five phage type-PFGE-stx profiles of 10 strains isolated in this study matched with the profiles of the strains recovered from 18 of 122 @entity1381 cases that occurred in the same period.

title: Prevalence, characterization, and genotypic analysis of XXXX O157:H7/NM from selected beef exporting abattoirs of Argentina.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'cattle', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Beside the damages of the cardiovascular system the lesions of the the nervous system are the most common complications of @entity1580 . This is usually an early event, therefore the dissection of the aorta may manifest itself as an acute primary @entity16 . The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and distribution of @entity16 occurring in @entity1580 and the distribution of their clinico-pathologic features and to establish correlations between these and the acute in-hospital mortality as well as to discuss available diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was based of 95 cases of acute dissection of aorta (with additional three later events of redissection), observed in a longitudinal study over a period of 29.5 years, in a population of 106,000 (in Western Hungary). RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity1 20 (21%) died before admission. @entity16 were observed in 30 of the 75 @entity1 admitted to hospital (40%). Symptoms involving the central nervous system were found in 24 @entity1 , affecting the spinal cord in two and the peripheral nervous system in four cases. The dissection of the aorta was diagnosed in vivo only in 22 out of the 75 @entity1 who died in hospital (29%). 53 @entity1 (71%) without correct diagnosis received supportive therapy only. The average survival time of the 21 @entity1 with proximal dissection of aorta was 48.5 hours. The survival time of 23 @entity1 with the same type of dissection involving the vessels of the aortic arch was 22.2 hours. This difference in survival time was significant (p = 0.0152). 20 of 23 @entity1 (87%) in this group showed signs of @entity16 confirming earlier experience that @entity16 can seriously worsen the otherwise already catastrophic prognosis of @entity1580 . CONCLUSIONS: The study brought compelling evidence for the need for early diagnosis and rapid transfer of @entity1 to appropriate cardiac surgery centers for definitive diagnosis and therapy.

title: [Neurologic complications of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'neurologic damage', 'neurological complications', 'neurologic disease', 'acute neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine mortality trends for @entity263 in English populations, between 1979 and 2006. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Analysis of datasets that include both the underlying cause and all other mentioned causes on @entity204 certificates (together, termed 'mentions'): the Oxford Record Linkage Study, 1979-2006, and English national data, 1995-2006. RESULTS In the Oxford region, underlying-cause mortality from @entity1067 fell from 45 deaths per million in 1979 to 2.4 in 2006. For mentions, the respective rates were 93 and 7.1. In England, underlying-cause mortality reduced from 9.2 deaths per million in 1995 to 4.5 deaths per million in 2006. For mentions, the rates were 20 and 9.9 deaths per million. When @entity1067 was certified on @entity204 certificates, it was selected as the underlying cause of @entity204 on fewer than half. Underlying-cause mortality for @entity263 in Oxford increased from 213 deaths per million in 1979 to 335 by 1991, and thereafter declined to 253 deaths per million in 2006. Mentions-mortality in Oxford followed a similar pattern. In later years, when there were comparable data for Oxford and England, the pattern of decline in England was similar to that in Oxford. Where mentioned, @entity263 was coded as the underlying cause of @entity204 on three-quarters of @entity204 certificates. CONCLUSIONS The fall in @entity1067 mortality, evident in statistics on underlying cause, was confirmed by statistics on all certified causes of @entity204 . The fall is dramatic in scale, likely to be attributable to clinical care, and could be regarded as an indicator of improving standards of care. Mortality for @entity263 increased, peaking in the 1990s, then decreased in recent years in rates as measured both by underlying cause and by mentions.

title: Mortality trends for XXXX and @entity263 in English populations 1979-2006.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 is clinically approved for the treatment of @entity1582 . However, long-term remissions are difficult to achieve, and @entity1582 cells often develop secondary resistance to proteasome inhibitors. We recently demonstrated that the extraordinary sensitivity of @entity1582 cells toward @entity1749 is dependent on their extensive immunoglobulin synthesis, thereby triggering the terminal unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we investigated whether @entity1855 , an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene product, can enhance the @entity137 of @entity1749 . The combination of @entity1749 and @entity1855 synergistically decreased the viability of @entity1582 cells by inducing cell death. Importantly, @entity1749 -mediated activation of major UPR components was enhanced by @entity1855 . The combination of @entity1749 and @entity1855 resulted in caspase activation followed by @entity12874 polymerase cleavage, whereas nuclear factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) activity declined in @entity1582 cells. Also, we found reduced immunoglobulin G secretion along with increased amounts of ubiquitinylated proteins within insoluble fractions of @entity1582 cells when using the combination treatment. @entity1855 markedly induced reactive @entity26 species production and autophagic-like processes. Furthermore, @entity1855 decreased @entity1262 expression. We conclude that @entity1855 increased the antimyeloma effect of @entity1749 by enhancing ER stress signals along with @entity2451 inhibition, leading to cell death. Thus, the combination of @entity1749 with @entity1855 may improve the efficacy of proteasome inhibitory therapy.

title: Calcium channel blocker @entity1855 enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by proteasome inhibition in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: An 11-year-old, intact female, Yorkshire Terrier @entity235 was presented with @entity19138 . Results of a CBC included mild @entity4795 and @entity882 . Radiographic examination and abdominal ultrasonography revealed abundant ascites and a well-circumscribed mass in the caudal region of the spleen. Abdominocentesis revealed bloody fluid. Cytologic analysis of the fluid revealed numerous clustered and individual large cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The spleen was surgically resected. An imprint smear of a @entity5 on the caudal pole of the spleen contained a bimorphic population of small and large lymphocytes. The cytologic diagnosis was @entity706 . Histologically, large lymphocytes with distinct borders and single nucleoli formed multiple neoplastic follicles. The final diagnosis was primary @entity706 . Immunocytochemical staining results on buffy coat smears prepared from the ascites fluid showed the lymphocytes were negative for CD3 and positive for @entity19139 , indicating B-cell origin. Further investigation of the cell clusters using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR showed that @entity7258 , a cell-cell adhesion molecule, was overexpressed in the @entity5 cells, likely contributing to the clustering of neoplastic lymphocytes in the ascites fluid. Usually, round cells are not adherent; however, spontaneously detached round cells may form clusters, as in this case, and must be differentiated from @entity5 .

title: What is your diagnosis? Ascites fluid from an 11-year-old @entity235 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'splenic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['white nodular tumor', 'tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric bulging']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity19138 :: (MESH:C537170,Disease) :: ['epigastric bulging']


abstract: We investigated a Japanese pedigree with @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) which included the probands of two sisters and a brother. Case 1 (Fig. 1): A @entity1 born in 1940 at Fuji City, Shizuoka prefecture (Pacific coast side, which located about 80 miles west from Tokyo) was insidiously suffering from @entity1282 and @entity1736 since her age of 40. She was admitted to Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital when 48 years old, because of difficulty of going upstairs. Neurological examination revealed @entity1736 without @entity1319 , @entity1282 , and moderate @entity425 on @entity135 and proximal muscles of extremities without definite @entity194 and @entity2901 . In the laboratory data, serum @entity908 kinase level was slightly elevated to 215 U/l. Electromyographic findings showed myogenic pattern on the extremities but no evidence of the existence of @entity1737 and neurogenic involvement. Intranuclear tubular filaments were found in 3% of muscle fibers from her left biceps muscle. Case 2: The elder sister of the case 1 was suffering from @entity1736 without @entity1319 and severe @entity1282 since the age of 44. Case 3: The younger brother of the case 1 was suffering from @entity1282 and @entity425 since the age of 40. We found @entity1736 , @entity1282 and/or @entity425 in 24 cases ( @entity1 : 12 cases, @entity1 : 12 cases) out of 50 examined members of this pedigree after their ages of 40 (Fig.3; family tree). It was concluded that this pedigree had cases of @entity3986 with autosomal dominant inheritance which was quite rare in Japanese.

title: [A Japanese pedigree with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['OPMD', 'oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'proximal muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['eye lid ptosis', 'severe eye lid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movement disorders', 'eye movement disorder']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Rhamnolipids are naturally occurring biosurfactants with a wide range of potential commercial applications. As naturally derived products they present an ecological alternative to synthetic surfactants. The majority of described rhamnolipid productions are single strain @entity796 spp. cultivations. Here we report rhamnolipids producing bacteria @entity2364 , @entity15446 and @entity796 that were cultivated separately and as mixed populations. The ratio and composition of rhamnolipid congeners was determined by tandem mass spectrometry with negative electrospray ionization. Mono-rhamnolipid and di-rhamnolipid homologues containing one or two saturated or monounsaturated @entity15447 were found in all strains. Physiochemical characterization of rhamnolipids was evaluated by the critical micelle concentration determination, the emulsification test, oil displacement test and @entity11966 solubilization. Critical micelle concentrations of rhamnolipids produced by both single strain and mixed cultures were found to be very low (10-63mg/l) and to correspond with saturated/unsaturated fatty acid content of rhamnolipid homologues. The rhamnolipids produced by all strains effectively emulsified crude petroleum in comparison with synthetic surfactants @entity9266 and @entity3208 ( @entity214 ). Good performance of @entity11966 solubilization was exhibited by rhamnolipids from @entity15446 . The single strain and co-cultures cultivations were proposed as a possible way to produce rhamnolipid mixtures with a specific composition and different physiochemical properties, which could be exploited in bioremediation of various hydrophobic contaminants.

title: Structural and physiochemical characterization of rhamnolipids produced by XXXX , @entity15446 and @entity796 in single strain and mixed cultures.

entities_list: @entity15446 :: ('61645', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter asburiae', 'E. asburiae']

entities_list: @entity15447 :: ('CHEBI:59845', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2364 :: ('471', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity2364 :: (471,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']


abstract: A significant proportion of @entity741 is 'silent' in nature. Furthermore, this @entity63 portends an adverse prognosis for @entity1 with known @entity453 . Silent @entity741 can be objectively assessed and quantified by a number of noninvasive means; however, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring has emerged as a preferred method for both detection and analysis in hospital and during daily life conditions. Silent @entity741 exhibits a circadian pattern. It represents an imbalance between myocardial @entity26 supply and myocardial @entity26 demand, and can be triggered by both physical and mental stress. The important role of @entity409 and autonomic nervous system influences has been recently elucidated. Up to 75% of @entity63 episodes in @entity1 are silent. @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity453 , @entity5749 and @entity1459 , and those @entity1188 or postrevascularization who exhibit ST segment shift all show adverse short and long term prognosis compared with controls. Treatment modalities have included @entity3362 , beta-blockers, @entity460 antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anxiolytics, anti-platelet agents and revascularization procedures. While the majority of these studies have demonstrated significant reduction in the frequency of silent @entity741 , limited data on influencing prognosis are available; thus recommendations regarding treatment of these @entity1 await the results of ongoing clinical trials.

title: Current status of silent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Parasagittal zones in the vestibulocerebellum contain Purkinje cells whose complex spike (CS) activity is modulated in response to rotational optokinetic stimulation (OKS) about either the @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ) or a @entity346 ( @entity346 ) that is approximately perpendicular to the ipsilateral anterior canal. In @entity95 , there are two @entity2270 zones in both the ventral nodulus and flocculus, two @entity346 zones in the flocculus, and one @entity346 zone in the ventral nodulus. We investigated the temporal relationship of the CS activity of Purkinje cell pairs in the same or different zones of the vestibulocerebellum in @entity3652 -anesthetized pigmented @entity95 . A synchronous temporal relationship was defined as the tendency of the CS of each Purkinje cell to fire within, at most, 2 msec of one another. Generally, neurons in the same zone showed a tendency to exhibit CS synchrony. Of 82 pairs consisting of two Purkinje cells in the same zone (e.g., two nodulus @entity346 cells), 33 were synchronous. In contrast, none of 26 pairs consisting of two neurons in functionally different zones (e.g., a @entity2270 cell paired with an @entity346 cell), showed CS synchrony. Pairs consisting of neurons in spatially separated @entity2270 zones in the ventral nodulus also showed a tendency to be synchronously related (6/16), as did pairs consisting of a nodulus @entity2270 cell and a flocculus @entity2270 cell (3/14). The CS synchrony was higher during OKS in the preferred direction than during spontaneous activity. This is the first demonstration that CS synchrony in the vestibulocerebellum can be manipulated with a natural sensory stimulus.

title: Temporal relations of the complex spike activity of Purkinje cell pairs in the vestibulocerebellum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['VA', 'vertical axis']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'horizontal axis']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the management of @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have been issued, however, current practices are unknown in Chile. AIM: To evaluate in a prospective cohort of @entity583 @entity1 the current practices, treatments and risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One year prospective International non interventional registry, conducted in Chile between January 2005 and November 2006. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty three Chilean @entity583 @entity1 were enrolled. Mortality was 5.5% at the end of the follow-up. Mean age was 61.6 years, and 30.6% were female. Most of the @entity1 had at least one risk factor (98%): @entity101 (84%), previous @entity583 (33%), @entity2299 (54%), @entity6 (33%), current smoking (30%). Main procedures during the hospitalization were coronary angiogram (67%), angioplasty (33%; 88% with stent) and coronary bypass surgery (7%). During procedures, 31% of @entity1 received @entity1397 , and 4.2% glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa antagonists. Medical management was selected for 60% of @entity1 . In comparison to @entity1 , @entity1 received less interventional procedures despite having more risk factors. Treatments prescribed at discharge were @entity117 (97%), @entity1397 (49%), beta blockers (78%), diuretics (21%), lipid lowering agents (78%), oral hypoglycemic agents (13%) and insulin (9%). At the end of the 1-year follow-up, treatments were @entity117 (84%), beta blockers (72%), diuretics (19%), and dual antiplatelet therapy with @entity1397 (16%). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of multiple risk factors for @entity65 in Chilean @entity1 with @entity583 was observed. More aggressive primary and secondary preventive measures are urgently needed. Use of therapies proposed in the guidelines is high, but dual antiplatelet therapy is less than 50% at discharge and decreases during the one year-follow-up.

title: [Chilean results of the international registry of risk factors and treatment of @entity1459 and XXXX : ACCORD (ACute CORonary syndrome Descriptive study)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'non ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['non ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: A 45-year-old female visited our Department on February 7, 1986, with the principal complaint of swelling in the right upper abdomen. She was hospitalized on February 20. Ultrasonography, DIP, CT and right renal arteriography were performed. On @entity17156 , the right kidney was extirpated transabdominally. The extirpated kidney weighed 1.2 kg and tightly adhered to the renal capsule. The kidney included a solid, yellowish white, homogeneous @entity5 . There was also a cyst outside of the @entity5 . The @entity5 was limited within, and easily separated from, Gerota's fascia. Pathological diagnosis revealed that the @entity5 was a @entity11004 originated from the blood vessel. On March 26, postoperative VAC therapy (1 mg @entity1891 ; 300 mg @entity786 ; 2 mg @entity4316 ) was performed, and the @entity1 was released from the hospital on April 8. As of August of 1987, no relapse of the disease has been detected. There have been very few reports of @entity11004 in Japan. Whether @entity11004 might take a malignant course was investigated to some extent on the basis of the reported literature.

title: [A case of XXXX probably derived from the renal capsule].

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity11004 :: ('MESH:D018230', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoblastoma']

answer: @entity11004 :: (MESH:D018230,Disease) :: ['leiomyoblastoma']


abstract: Exposure of macrophages to @entity4996 or the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 increases the number of several surface receptors due to recruitment of receptors from internal pools (Buys, S. S., Keogh, E. A., and Kaplan, J. (1984) Cell 38, 569-576). We have examined the mechanism by which these agents increase surface receptor number. Cells which were preloaded with either fluid phase or receptor-mediated ligands did not lose ligand following exposure to ionophore or @entity4621 . The rate of movement of ligands to the lysosome was also unaffected. These results suggest that @entity3365 does not induce the fusion of ligand-containing compartments with the cell surface. Ionophore treatment did, however, produce a severalfold increase in the rate at which unoccupied receptors reappear on the cell surface. These results suggest that the compartment of receptors affected by the ionophore formed subsequent to the dissociation of ligand from receptor. The altered rate of receptor reappearance was transitory (90 s), and the increase in receptor number was subsequently maintained by a decrease in the rate of internalization. Changes in the rate of receptor internalization did not correlate with changes in the rate of fluid phase pinocytosis, suggesting that the effect on receptor internalization was selective.

title: XXXX and @entity460 ionophores inhibit internalization and accelerate recycling of receptors in macrophages.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4996 :: (MESH:D010703,Chemical) :: ['Phorbol esters']


abstract: The present study aimed at: 1. Examination of commercial @entity1573 and @entity4186 eggs for the possible presence of aflatoxins. 2. Study of the sex susceptibility of mature @entity1573 when fed on ration containing aflatoxins. 3. Study of clinicopathological effects on their ovaries and testicles. In this investigation, 100 @entity1573 and 50 @entity4186 eggs collected from markets in the vicinity of Assiut Governorate, were examined individually for the presence of aflatoxins in the whites and yolks. The study revealed that the examined eggs contained no @entity11189 . Experimentally, @entity11189 BV(8.1 ppm) and G. (1.6 ppm) were incorporated into the feed of five laying hens and five mature cooks for three weeks duration. The layers showed cessation of egg production during the whole feeding period. Histopathological examinations revealed that, the ovaries showed follicular @entity1146 while testicles were normal. It was shown that, aflatoxicosis cause pathological changes in the @entity1573 ovaries, which has a detrimental effect on egg production.

title: XXXX and aflatoxicosis. II. Effects of @entity11189 on ovaries and testicles in mature domestic fowls.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin', 'aflatoxins']

answer: @entity11189 :: (MESH:D000348,Chemical) :: ['Aflatoxin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity158 in @entity1 randomized to a regular exercise program during pregnancy in comparison to @entity1 receiving standard antenatal care. DESIGN: A two-armed, two-center, randomized controlled trial. Setting. St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital and Stavanger University Hospital. POPULATION: A total of 855 pregnant @entity1 were randomized to intervention or control groups. METHODS: The intervention was a 12 week exercise program, including aerobic and strengthening exercises, conducted between 20 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. One weekly group session was led by physiotherapists, and home exercises were encouraged twice a week. The control group received standard antenatal care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reports of @entity158 and sick leave due to @entity158 . The data were analysed according to the "intention-to-treat" principle. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups of @entity1 reporting @entity158 at 36 weeks (74 vs. 75%, p=0.76). The proportion of @entity1 on sick leave due to @entity158 was lower in the intervention group (22% vs 31%, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise during pregnancy does not influence the prevalence of @entity158 , but @entity1 offered a regular exercise course seem to handle the disorder better.

title: Does regular exercise during pregnancy influence XXXX ? A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbopelvic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['lumbopelvic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved with the development of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), as well as with @entity0 . @entity5 initiation and progression are often associated with genomic instability such as @entity1017 or losses of large chromosomal segments, known as copy number alterations (CNAs). CNAs have been successfully detected using the microarray comparative genomic hybridization technique (array-CGH) at high resolution. Data thus obtained are useful to identify specific genomic aberrations, to classify @entity5 stages, and to stratify subgroups of @entity1 with different prognosis and clinical behaviors. CASE DESCRIPTION: Clinical study of a 66-year-old white female identified two @entity5 , a ductal invasive grade-II @entity0 , and one nodular @entity1491 . Germline and @entity5 genomic survey utilized the 180 K array-CGH analysis to investigate chromosomal alterations. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Several @entity2008 were detected in the @entity0 genome, including focal ~422 Kb 13q13.3 microdeletion. In the @entity1491 , amplification of a chromosome 6 spanning the centromere region between the cytobands 6p23 and 6q12 was identified. Several 6p amplified genes correspond to families of histone and human leukocyte antigen genes, whereas some of the CNAs found in the @entity0 are uncommon. No germline CNA was detected in the normal skin of the @entity1 at this technical resolution. CONCLUSION: CNAs found in the two different @entity5 of the @entity1 constitute independent events arisen in the somatic lineage. Relevant genes to both @entity105 and progression are to be affected by these CNAs.

title: Clinical and genetic characterization of @entity1491 and @entity0 in a single XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies, and gains']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and imaging findings in 3 @entity1 with @entity1020 secondary to handheld laser exposure. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We evaluated the multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) for 3 @entity1 with histories of exposure to handheld lasers. RESULTS: An 18-year-old @entity1 with a history of repetitive self-inflicted handheld laser exposure was found to have bilateral outer retinal streaks in the macula and the superior peripheral retina on both ophthalmoscopy and multimodal imaging. Initial spectral-domain OCT revealed vertical hyper-reflective bands at the level of the outer retina corresponding to the streaks. An 11-year-old @entity1 who played with a green laser developed a  @entity2070 and outer retinal streaks in the superior macula. Spectral-domain OCT showed vertical hyper-reflective bands in the outer retina corresponding to the streaks. A 14-year-old @entity1 developed @entity66 and ellipsoid loss on spectral-domain OCT following peer-inflicted laser injury. CONCLUSIONS: In a series of 3 @entity1 , outer retinal streaks were associated with self-inflicted handheld laser injury. In contrast, accidental and peer-inflicted laser injuries were found to result in focal foveal lesions.

title: Multimodal imaging in handheld laser-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['yellow foveal lesion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral focal foveal lesions']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether circulating markers of activated @entity32 and hemostasis are associated with @entity73 in older @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Edinburgh Artery Study). SETTING: Eleven general practices in Edinburgh, Scotland. @entity1 : A sample of 452 @entity1 and @entity1 followed for 16 years. MEASUREMENTS: Biomarker data were collected in 1987/88, and cognitive assessment was first conducted in 1998/99, when the mean age of the sample +/- standard deviation was 73.1+/-5.0), and subsequently in 2002/03. Information was obtained on @entity2414 (Wechsler Logical Memory Test (LMT)), nonverbal reasoning (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices), verbal fluency (Verbal Fluency Test), information processing speed (Wechsler Digit Symbol Test), and a general cognitive factor representing the variance common to the individual test scores. RESULTS: In age-adjusted analyses, plasma @entity2002 , @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) were negatively associated with performance on all cognitive measures in 2002/03 except the LMT (correlation coefficients from -0.10 to -0.24). In multivariate analyses controlling for demographic characteristics, @entity308 , and @entity65 and risk factors, @entity2002 independently predicted 4-year decline in nonverbal reasoning (P<.05). Also, when @entity73 was estimated from peak prior level, @entity650 turned out to be inversely related to decline in information processing speed (P<.05). Similarly, @entity2071 was associated with a greater decline in general cognitive ability (P<.05) and nonverbal ability (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Systemic markers of @entity32 and hemostasis are associated with a progressive decline in general and specific cognitive abilities in older @entity1 , independent of major vascular comorbidity.

title: XXXX and markers of @entity32 and hemostasis: the Edinburgh Artery Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive change', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal declarative memory']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive decline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine interrelationships between the local @entity32 response (Klintrup and Jass scores) and the systemic @entity32 response ( @entity18880 [ @entity18880 ]), and compare their prognostic value in @entity1 undergoing curative resection for @entity14 . BACKGROUND: Both localized peritumoral @entity32 cell infiltrate and the host systemic @entity32 response are known to have prognostic value in @entity14 . However, the interrelationships of biochemical and cellular components of the systemic @entity32 response and the local @entity32 response are poorly understood. METHODS: Retrospective study of 287 @entity1 who underwent surgery between 1997 and 2004. Data were collected from routine preoperative blood tests. Routine pathology specimens were scored according to Jass and Klintrup criteria for peritumoral infiltrate. RESULTS: Increased Dukes stage was associated with less peritumoral infiltrate (Jass criteria: P < 0.001, Klintrup criteria: P < 0.01). Increased modified @entity18880 (mGPS) was associated with increased circulating white cell (P < 0.01) and neutrophil (P < 0.01) counts and low lymphocyte counts (P < 0.01). Increased circulating white cell count was associated with increased neutrophil count (P < 0.001) and low-grade peritumoral infiltrate (P < 0.05, Klintrup criteria). Jass and Klintrup criteria for peritumoral infiltrate were directly associated (P < 0.001). On univariate survival analysis of @entity1 with node-negative disease (Dukes A and B), age (P < 0.01), mGPS (P < 0.01), neutrophil count (P < 0.05), and Klintrup criteria (P < 0.05) were associated with @entity5 -specific survival. On multivariate survival analysis in node-negative disease, the mGPS (hazard ratio: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.27-5.35, P < 0.01) and Klintrup criteria (hazard ratio: 6.31, 95% CI: 1.40-28.44, P < 0.05) were independently associated with @entity5 -specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest low peritumoral infiltrate (Klintrup criteria) and @entity32 (mGPS criteria) are linked through the cell-mediated immune system. Furthermore, both pathologic (Klintrup) and biochemical (mGPS) measures of the @entity32 response predict survival after @entity14 surgery.

title: Comparison of the prognostic value of inflammation-based pathologic and biochemical criteria in @entity1 undergoing potentially curative resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory', 'increased systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow prognostic score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in asthmatics depends on the presence of @entity32 . This study was performed to assess the possible association of EIB with low-grade systemic @entity32 , whose presence was revealed in @entity748 @entity1 . METHODS: The study was conducted in a group of 24 asthmatics (14 with EIB, 10 without EIB) and 8 healthy volunteers. Changes in serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels induced by intensive exercise were determined. Moreover, the possible correlation of these measurements with the results of other tests used in the diagnosis of @entity565 as well as laboratory tests commonly associated with @entity565 were investigated. RESULTS: In @entity748 @entity1 with EIB, a statistically significant increase in hs-CRP levels both in serum and EBC after an exercise test was observed. Twenty-four hours after the exercise test in the group of asthmatics with EIB, a statistically significant increase in exhaled @entity842 (F(ENO)), serum @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) concentrations and @entity6587 to @entity112 was revealed. A statistically significant correlation between the maximum increase in hs-CRP levels both in serum and EBC after exercise and either baseline F(ENO) and an increase in serum @entity11153 or F(ENO) 24 h after exercise in the group of asthmatics with EIB was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: We show that, as a result of intensive exercise leading to bronchoconstriction, an increase in serum and EBC hs-CRP occurs. Our observations could suggest that in @entity748 @entity1 , as a consequence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, an intensification of low-grade systemic @entity32 can be observed.

title: Changes in high-sensitivity @entity1851 in serum and exhaled breath condensate after intensive exercise in XXXX with allergic asthma.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home telemonitoring figures among the various solutions that could help attenuate some of the problems associated with aging populations, rates of @entity102 , and shortages of health professionals. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to further our understanding of the clinical effects associated with home telemonitoring programs in the context of @entity102 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review which covered studies published between January 1966 and December 2008. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and the INAHTA (International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment) database were consulted. Our inclusion criteria consisted of: (1) English language publications in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings and (2) studies involving @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity565 , @entity712 , or @entity101 , and presenting results on the clinical effects of home telemonitoring. RESULTS: In all, 62 empirical studies were analyzed. The results from studies involving @entity1 with @entity6 indicated a trend toward @entity1 with home telemonitoring achieving better glycemic control. In most trials in which @entity1 with @entity565 were enrolled, results showed significant improvements in @entity1 ' peak expiratory flows, significant reductions in the symptoms associated with this illness, and improvements in perceived quality of life. Virtually all studies involving @entity1 with @entity101 demonstrated the ability of home telemonitoring to reduce systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure. Lastly, due to the equivocal nature of current findings of home telemonitoring involving @entity1 with @entity712 , larger trials are still needed to confirm the clinical effects of this technology for these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although home telemonitoring appears to be a promising approach to @entity1 management, designers of future studies should consider ways to make this technology more effective as well as controlling possible mediating variables.

title: Clinical effects of home telemonitoring in the context of @entity6 , @entity565 , XXXX and @entity101 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination of @entity902 derivatives with @entity1311 is currently the standard front line regimen for @entity1 with @entity43 , and represents also an active regimen in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Measurement of intestinal permeability represents one of the potential methods of noninvasive laboratory assessment of @entity344 induced by chemotherapy, but little is known about intestinal permeability in @entity1 treated with @entity1311 or @entity902 . METHODS: Intestinal permeability was assessed in 36 @entity5344 @entity1 treated with @entity1311 / @entity902 combination by measuring, using capillary gas chromatography, urinary @entity969 , @entity11884 , @entity6122 and @entity2656 after oral challenge. The significance of differences during the therapy compared to pre-treatment values was studied by Wilcoxon paired test. The differences between groups of @entity1 were studied by Mann-Whitney U test. Fisher exact test was used to compare the frequency in different subgroups. RESULTS: After administration of the first dose, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in @entity6122 absorption and increased @entity11884 / @entity2656 , @entity969 / @entity2656 , @entity11884 / @entity6122 and @entity969 / @entity6122 ratios were observed, but these parameters returned subsequently to pre-treatment levels. @entity1 who experienced serious (grade 3 or 4) @entity137 had at baseline significantly lower percentages of @entity6122 , @entity2656 and @entity969 , and higher @entity11884 / @entity2656 ratio. Nine of 13 (69%) @entity1 with baseline @entity11884 / @entity2656 ratio 0.070 or above experienced serious @entity137 compared to 4 out of 23 @entity1 (17%) with the ratio below 0.070 (p = 0.002). Post-treatment @entity11884 , @entity11884 / @entity2656 , @entity969 / @entity2656 and @entity11884 / @entity6122 ratios were significantly increased in @entity1 with serious @entity137 . CONCLUSION: A transient significant increase in @entity11884 / @entity9928 and @entity969 / @entity9928 ratios was observed in @entity5344 @entity1 treated with @entity1311 and @entity902 . Increased @entity11884 absorption, @entity11884 / @entity2656 , @entity969 / @entity2656 and @entity11884 / @entity6122 ratios were evident in @entity1 with grade 3 or 4 @entity137 , and increased baseline @entity11884 / @entity2656 ratio predicted serious @entity137 .

title: @entity344 in @entity43 and @entity0 @entity1 treated with @entity1311 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or unknown primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: I present here what I call my identity-theoretical concept of @entity308 , discussing both @entity162 and @entity308 . The method is phenomenological in that through interviews with @entity308 we become aware of their being-in-the-world, their social roles and the various identities they form through identification and under the pressure of their environment. In contrast to the normal individual, whose identity is autonomous, flexible, and continuously changes throughout the life cycle, @entity308 have what I call an "overidentifying" identity formation. That is to say, they cannot stand back and be autonomous, they must overidentify or throw themselves excessively into whatever particular social expectations they encounter. This leads to an "overadjustment" to the norms of society, a @entity2003 , and an excessive @entity734 on others. @entity1 in the @entity162 phase may show the opposite extreme in their effort to avoid the overidentification tendency. Furthermore, @entity308 cannot tolerate ambiguity, they cannot deal with the positive and negative characteristics in one or the same object or @entity1 . @entity308 or @entity162 episodes are precipitated by situations where ambiguity cannot be avoided, or where conflicting identities are demanded at the same time, for example when a high quantity of high quality work is demanded in too short a time for this to be possible. Any sort of changes or role losses that demand flexibility of one's identity or the capacity to step back a bit and suspend one's characteristic habits or identity manifestations will precipitate @entity162 or @entity308 episodes in such predisposed melancholics. On the basis of my identity-theoretical concept certain guidelines for psychotherapy suggest themselves, and these are presented. I call this "identity therapy," and I distinguish it from cognitive therapy because it is not the cognitive schemes that are disturbed in these @entity1 but rather their identity structure. I discuss separately the guidelines for treatment in the acute and in the rehabilitation phase of the illness. In the former I suggest helping the @entity308 accept the role of @entity1 in order to relieve the pressure of sociologic conflicting expectations on the @entity1 's brittle identity concept. It is important for the @entity1 to be able to resume social roles and routine activities, beginning in an @entity148 -free setting where ego-satisfying achievements are encouraged. In the rehabilitation phase self-reflection is more encouraged, with the @entity1 achieving an understanding of what has precipitated the episode of the illness in terms of the overwhelming of the @entity1 's identity concept.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Psychotherapy based on identity problems of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorders', 'depressives', 'Depressive', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressives']


abstract: The phase image is a computer-derived functional image, based on the analysis of the time versus radioactivity curve in each pixel location of the multiple gated blood pool scintigram. Within the ventricular regions of interest, the phase angle is roughly equivalent to the time of onset of counts reduction or to the time of onset of ventricular @entity2472 and is expressed in degrees from 0 to 360 degrees. A gray scale-coded image of such a regional phase angle, the phase image, can be looked on as a map of sequential @entity2472 . This method was applied in 33 @entity1 without severe @entity2472 abnormality including 16 @entity1 with normal conduction, 9 with @entity714 and 8 with @entity714 . In @entity1 with normal conduction the pattern of phase angle distribution, representing the pattern of ventricular @entity2472 , was homogeneous and symmetric in both the left and right ventricles. Analysis in this normal group indicated a slight but significant difference between the mean (+/- standard deviation) phase angle of the left ventricle (8.5 +/- 11.8 degrees) and that of the right ventricle (13.6 +/0 12.9 degrees, p = 0.01). There was a slight, but nonsignificant difference between mean intrapatient left and right ventricular phase angle onset (1.9 +/- 6.5 degrees). The mean phase angle of the right ventricle in @entity1 with @entity714 (27.6 +/- 14.2 degrees) and of the left ventricle in those with @entity714 (21.9 +/- 14.0 degrees) was delayed compared with that in @entity1 with normal conduction (p less than 0.05 for both). The mean intrapatient difference between left and right ventricular mean phase angles in @entity1 with normal conduction (-5.2 +/- 6.8 degrees) was significantly different from that in @entity1 with right (-21.8 +/- 10.3 degrees, p less than 0.001) or left (21.8 +/- 6.8 degrees, p less than 0.001) @entity5036 . The mean intrapatient difference between onset of left and right ventricular phase angles was also significantly different from normal in @entity1 with right (-10.6 +/- 7.5 degrees, p less than 0.005) or left (18.7 +/- 8.3 degrees, p = 0.01) @entity5036 . Although phase imaging is not without artifactual error, this study demonstrates that the phase image can characterize @entity616 . It presents the potential for application as a general noninvasive tool in the investigation of the timing and sequence of ventricular @entity2472 in @entity1 with normal or abnormal ventricular activation.

title: Phase image characterization of ventricular @entity2472 in left and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['familiar conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contraction']

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['right bundle branch block']


abstract: @entity309 is associated with @entity8704 , which can be clearly demonstrated at the distal radius using single-photon absorptiometry. @entity604 at this site is probably due to the predominant involvement of the hands and wrists during @entity309 . Estimates of the frequency of generalized @entity604 have varied with the measurement technique used and the study design. Studies using dual-photon absorptiometry with a radioactive source have yielded conflicting data. The most recent studies of bone mineral density used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, which is currently the best method in terms of reproducibility and precision; results suggested @entity604 in the proximal femur, whereas lumbar spine measurements were usually normal or very slightly decreased. Findings from the few longitudinal studies are discordant; this may be ascribable to differences in bone mass measurement techniques, study population characteristics, and follow-up duration. Whereas @entity604 was not demonstrated in the earliest longitudinal studies, recent investigations suggested that bone mineral density was decreased in @entity309 @entity1 as compared with controls. Corticosteroid therapy, even in daily dosages of less than 10 mg/d @entity229 -equivalent, was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in bone mass after six months, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. @entity309 @entity1 had a two-fold increase in @entity174 risk, independently from their bone mass. Factors associated with higher @entity174 risks were corticosteroid therapy, physical inactivity, and female gender.

title: Bone tissue in XXXX (1). Bone mineral density and @entity174 risk.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional decalcification']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 infected with @entity16090 have a significantly increased risk of developing @entity1893 despite the widespread use of HAART. To investigate @entity3470 pathway activity in @entity791 ( @entity791 ) related diffuse large @entity1892 AR-DLBCL, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the presence of the phosphorylated 70 ribosomal S6 protein-kinase ( @entity15080 ), an extensively studied effector of @entity3470 Complex 1 ( @entity13407 ) and the phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog (pPTEN), a negative regulator of @entity13407 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated tissue samples from 126 @entity1 with AR-DLBCL. Among them, 98 samples were from tissue microarrays (TMAs) supplied by the Aids and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR), the remaining 28 samples were from cases diagnosed and treated at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). The presence of @entity15080 was evaluated with two antibodies directed against the combined epitopes Ser235/236 and Ser240/244, respectively; and additional monoclonal anti-bodies were used to identify pPTEN and phosphorylated @entity1521 -rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (pPRAS40). The degree of intensity and percentage of cells positive for @entity15080 and pPTEN were assessed in all the samples. In addition, a subgroup of 28 @entity1 from UCSD was studied to assess the presence of pPRAS40, an insulin-regulated activator of the @entity13407 . The expression of each of these markers was correlated with clinical and histopathologic features. RESULTS: The majority of the @entity1 evaluated were males (88%); only two cases (1.6%) were older than 65 years of age. We found high levels of both @entity15080 -paired epitopes studied, 48% positivity against Ser235/236 (44% in ACSR and 64% in UCSD group), and 86% positivity against Ser240/244 (82% in ACSR and 100% in UCSD group). We observed more positive cells and stronger intensity with epitope Ser240/244 in comparison to Ser235/236 (p<0.0001). The degree of intensity and percentage of cells positive for pPTEN was positively correlated with @entity15080 levels (p = 0.016 for 235/236 and p = 0.007 for 240/244). High levels of pPRAS40 were observed in the majority of the cases evaluated (64.3%), but no correlation was found with either pPTEN (p = 0.9) or @entity15080 (p = 0.9) levels. CONCLUSION: AR-DLBCL frequently contain @entity15080 , a main downstream effector of the @entity3470 pathway. The presence of @entity15080 is positively correlated with pPTEN, an inactive form of @entity983 , which makes @entity13407 activated. The presence of @entity15080 was independent of @entity16090 viral load or CD4 (+) counts. These results suggest that the @entity3470 pathway is active in the majority of AR-DLBCL, and @entity15080 , particularly the Ser240/244 epitope immunohistochemistry is an excellent surrogate biomarker, which could be used to identify cases expected to be responsive to @entity3470 inhibitors.

title: @entity3470 activity in @entity791 -related diffuse large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent meta-analysis of many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has identified brain regions with @entity62 ( @entity62 ) abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). A few studies addressing @entity62 in @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) have yielded inconsistent results. Moreover, although @entity13217 @entity1 tend to exhibit ruminative thoughts, it remains unclear whether rumination is related to @entity62 in such @entity1 or not. METHODS: We conducted structural MRI scans and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify @entity62 differences among 29 @entity13217 @entity1 and 29 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls. A response style questionnaire was used to assess the respective degrees of rumination in @entity13217 @entity1 . Structural correlates of rumination were examined. RESULTS: @entity13217 @entity1 showed several regions with smaller @entity62 volume than in healthy subjects: the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right ventral ACC, right superior frontal gyrus, right cerebellum (Crus I), and cerebellar vermis. @entity62 volumes in these regions did not correlate to rumination. However, whole-brain analysis revealed that rumination was positively correlated with the @entity62 volume in the right superior temporal gyrus in @entity13217 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Structural correlates of rumination were examined only in @entity13217 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that @entity13217 @entity1 show @entity62 compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, this report is the first to describe a study identifying brain regions for which the @entity62 volume is correlated with rumination in @entity13217 @entity1 . These results improve our understanding of the anatomical characteristics of @entity13217 .

title: Possible involvement of rumination in gray XXXX in persistent symptoms of major @entity308 : an exploratory magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry study.

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM', 'GM abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['matter abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pelvic immobilization constitutes a necessary component of successful @entity1494 closure. The efficacy of spica cast immobilization has been reported as markedly @entity75 , with success rates below 25%. We reviewed our experience with spica cast immobilization following bladder closure. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed classic @entity1494 @entity1 undergoing bladder closure with spica cast immobilization. Success of bladder closure and complications related to immobilization were noted, as were age, type of closure, use of osteotomy, duration of immobilization, and number of cast changes. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 underwent bladder closure (10 staged, 5 complete repair) at a median age of 4 days (range 1-6) and 14 were immobilized with spica casts. Initial closures were successful in 11 (73%). Success rates were higher in @entity1 undergoing osteotomies (6/7, 86%) compared to those without osteotomies (5/8, 63%). No @entity1 immobilized with spica casts developed serious complications related to their immobilization. Minor skin breakdown occurred in 3/14 @entity1 (21%). Median time of immobilization was 39 days (range 22-48). CONCLUSIONS: Spica casts are a safe, effective method of postoperative immobilization and are associated with a low risk of cast-related complications.

title: Safety and efficacy of spica casts for immobilization following initial bladder closure in classic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior to external fixation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: Growth on @entity9308 by three purple non- @entity599 bacteria ( @entity20951 , @entity11704 @entity11704 , and Rubrivivax  benzoatiliticus @entity20952 ) as @entity1568 , or @entity505 source could not be demonstrated. However in its presence, production of @entity104 derivatives was observed with all the strains tested. At least 14 chromatographically (HPLC) distinct peaks were observed at the absorption maxima of 275-280  nm from @entity9308 induced cultures. Five major indoles were identified based on HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. While @entity2340 was the major common metabolite for all the three @entity9308 induced cultures, production of @entity9634 was observed with Rvi.  benzoatilyticus JA2 alone, while @entity20953 was identified from Rvi.  benzoatilyticus JA2 and Rba.  sphaeroides @entity11704 . @entity20954 was identified only from Rsp.  rubrum ATCC 1170 and @entity19727 was identified from Rba.  sphaeroides @entity11704 .

title: @entity9308 -induced XXXX production and identification of @entity104 derivatives from three purple bacteria.

entities_list: @entity20951 :: ('269796', 'Species') :: ['Rhodospirillum  rubrum ATCC 11170']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter  sphaeroides', 'DSM 158']

entities_list: @entity20954 :: ('MESH:C005949', 'Chemical') :: ['Indole-3-ethanol']

entities_list: @entity20953 :: ('MESH:C012381', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity19727 :: ('MESH:C031385', 'Chemical') :: ['anthranilic acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Major hepatectomy for perihilar @entity201 has considerable risk of @entity7752 even with preoperative @entity887 ( @entity887 ). @entity86 is a great concern for hepatic surgeons. METHODOLOGY: Between 1998 and 2004, 120 @entity1 with @entity1126 (n = 72) and @entity1419 (n = 48) underwent major hepatectomies with extrahepatic biliary resection. Of these, 63 @entity1 underwent preoperative @entity887 to increase the future remnant liver (FRL) volume. Risk factors for early @entity3638 after hepatectomy (> or = 2.5 mg on day 1) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median FRL volumes before surgery in @entity1 with and without @entity887 were 46% and 70%, respectively. The serum total @entity648 (TB) value on day 1 after hepatectomy was higher in @entity1 with @entity887 than in @entity1 without @entity887 (2.9 mg/dL vs 1.9 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). However, the significant risk factors for higher @entity3638 on day 1 were preoperative TB value > or = 1.0 mg/ dL (p = 0.01), @entity190 > or = 1.8L (p = 0.01), and blood transfusion (p = 0.03). Two @entity1 developed @entity1578 and one @entity1 died of surgery from septic complication. CONCLUSION: Major hepatectomies for perihilar @entity201 were performed with acceptable safety using preoperative @entity887 . Postoperative early @entity3638 was not associated with the FRL volume in this setting.

title: Risk factors for early @entity3638 after major hepatectomy for perihilar @entity201 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['hilar bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['PVE', 'portal vein embolization']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['bilirubinemia']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['portal vein embolization']


abstract: @entity2 move during breathing depending on the @entity1 's patho-physiological condition and orientation, thereby compromising the accurate deposition of the radiation dose during radiotherapy. In this paper, we present and validate a computer-based simulation framework to calculate the delivered dose to a 3D moving @entity5 and its surrounding normal tissues. The computer-based simulation framework models a 3D @entity2 and its surrounding tissues, simulates the @entity5 motion during a simulated dose delivery both as a self-reproducible motion and a random motion using the dose extracted from a treatment plan, and predicts the amount and location of radiation doses deposited. A radiation treatment plan of a @entity151 (1-3 cm diameter) was developed in a commercial planning system (iPlan software, BrainLab, Munich, Germany) to simulate the radiation dose delivered. The dose for each radiation field was extracted from the software. The @entity5 motion was simulated for varying values of its rate, amplitude and direction within a single breath as well as from one breath to another. Such variations represent the variations in @entity5 motion induced by breathing variations. During the simulation of dose delivery, the dose on the target was summed to generate the real-time dose to the @entity5 for each beam independently. The simulation results show that the dose accumulated on the @entity5 varies significantly with both the @entity5 size and the @entity5 's motion rate, amplitude and direction. For a given @entity5 motion rate, amplitude and direction, the smaller the @entity5 size the smaller is the percentage of the radiation dose accumulated. The simulation results are validated by comparing the center plane of the 3D @entity5 with 2D film dosimetry measurements using a programmable 4D motion phantom moving in a self-reproducible pattern. The results also show the real-time capability of the framework at 40 discrete @entity5 motion steps per breath, which is higher than the number of four-dimensional computed tomography (CT) steps (approximately 20) during a single breath. The real-time capability enables the framework to be coupled with real-time @entity5 monitoring systems such as implanted fiducials for computing the dose delivered in real time during the treatment.

title: Modeling simulation and visualization of conformal 3D XXXX dosimetry.

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung tumors', 'volumetric lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Consensus about surgical treatment options for @entity0 in elderly @entity1 remains elusive due to exclusion from clinical trials. Fear of complications due to increased age often is an important factor in the choice of treatment and might result in different treatment of the older @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 1258 female @entity1 who underwent @entity0 surgery for primary diagnosed @entity0 in 2010-2014 were included. Incidence of @entity260 ( @entity260 ) was compared between the younger (18-70  years, N  =  1008) and older (>= 71  years, N  =  250) @entity1 . Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the correlation between age and @entity260 . RESULTS: @entity260 developed in 25.9% of the younger and 31.6% of the older @entity1 (p  =  0.042). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of the overall study population, age was no risk factor for POC (odds ratio 0.950, 95% confidence interval 0.640-1.410, p  =  0.798). More extensive surgery (mastectomy and/or axillary lymph node dissection compared with single lumpectomy) and increased body mass index increased the odds of developing a POC. Analyses of the >= 71-year group separately revealed only type of surgery to be of influence. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of increased risk of complications in the older @entity1 is unjustified. Neither increased age nor high American Society of Anesthesiologists classification are predictors for developing POC. Type of surgery is the most important determinant. Choosing mastectomy while breast-conserving surgery is suitable should be discouraged, particularly in the older @entity1 .

title: XXXX After @entity0 Surgery are Not Related to Age.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['POCs', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity2220 is favorable. We postulated that @entity5 might not require postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study aims to determine whether lepidic component occupancy affects overall survival after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity2220 . METHODS: Clinical and pathologic data were collected from a database and from the medical records of 964 @entity1 with completely resected @entity2220 . We assessed the influence of lepidic component occupancy in the @entity5 on the outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , 270 received adjuvant chemotherapy and 694 did not, and 415 and 549 had  @entity5 , respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy contributed to better overall survival compared with observation in  @entity5 (p  = 0.025). Multivariate analyses revealed age, sex, stage, lepidic component occupancy, and adjuvant chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The overall survival was significantly longer for @entity1 with @entity5 at stages IA, IB, and II-III under adjuvant chemotherapy compared with  observation (p  = 0.040, p  = 0.007, and p  = 0.012, respectively), whereas survival rates were similar for @entity1 with all stages of @entity5 even after propensity score matching study. CONCLUSIONS: Lepidic component occupancy reflected the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity2220 . Adjuvant chemotherapy did not have much impact for @entity5 and could be considered for @entity5 even at stage IA.

title: Impact of Lepidic Component Occupancy on Effects  of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lepidic predominant tumors', 'lepidic predominant and non-lepidic predominant tumors', 'non-lepidic predominant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lepidic predominant lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is an important factor determining the shelf life of food products. Salts are often present in many types of emulsion based food products. However, there is limited information on influence of salts on lipid oxidation in O/W emulsions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of @entity1372 and @entity4337 on lipid oxidation in O/W emulsions. @entity9266 stabilized @entity4336 O/W emulsions at pH 7.0 were prepared with different concentrations of @entity2827 with or without the metal chelators. @entity4202 did not cause any changes in emulsion droplet size. @entity4202 dose-dependently promoted lipid oxidation as measured by the lipid oxidation product, @entity9267 . Both @entity5532 ( @entity9268 ) and @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) reduced lipid oxidation in emulsions with @entity4202 , with @entity1098 being more effective. @entity4337 showed similar impact on lipid oxidation as @entity2827 . These results suggest that salts are able to promote lipid oxidation in emulsions and this effect can be controlled by metal chelators.

title: Effects of salts on oxidative stability of lipids in XXXX stabilized oil-in-water emulsions.

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride', 'Potassium chloride']

answer: @entity9266 :: (MESH:D011136,Chemical) :: ['Tween-20']