abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this analysis is to assess (1) self-reported @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) symptoms; (2) its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; and (3) treatment dose modifications and its influence on the magnitude of @entity2359 in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity1582 @entity1 (n  =  156), diagnosed between 2000 and 2014, filled out the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 (65% response). Data on treatment, outcomes, and dose modifications were extracted from the medical files. Fifty-three percent of @entity1 reported at least one and on average three @entity16 symptoms that bothered them the most during the past week, with tingling toes/feet as most reported. In multivariate analysis, @entity2816 , especially higher cumulative dose, was associated with @entity16 (b  =  0.26, CI 95% 0.27-15.34, p  =  0.04) and @entity1897 was not associated with age, sex, time since last course of therapy, number of prior therapies, @entity571 , or @entity6 . Dose modifications were often applied (65%). Although not statistically significant, a trend towards higher sensory (22 vs. 15 vs. 12, p  =  0.22) and @entity1897 scores (21 vs. 15 vs. 11, p  =  0.36) was observed among @entity1 receiving dose modification because of @entity1897 (31%) compared to those receiving a dose modification for another reason or no dose modification, without altering treatment response. @entity1897 is a common dose limiting side effect in @entity1 with @entity1582 . Severity of @entity1897 was mainly affected by treatment with @entity2816 . In spite of dose modifications, @entity1 still reported somewhat higher @entity16 scores without altered response rates. Early dose modification based on a more reliable tool for @entity1897 measurements may prove value.

title: The magnitude of @entity2359 in XXXX with @entity1582 and the impact of dose modifications: results from the population-based PROFILES registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy', 'CIPN', 'chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical features, imaging characteristics, pathologic findings and outcome of @entity513 in situ (DCISM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 21 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity513 in situ (DCISM) from November 1993 to September 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, imaging and histopathologic features, and clinical follow-up were reviewed. RESULTS: The 21 lesions all occurred in @entity1 with a mean age of 56 years (range, 27-79 years). Clinical findings were present in ten (48%): 10 with palpable @entity3928 , four with associated nipple discharge. Mean lesion size was 21mm (range, 9-65mm). The lesion size in 62% was 15mm or smaller. Mammographic findings were @entity730 only in nine (43%) and an associated or other finding in nine (43%) [mass (n=7), asymmetry (n=1), architectural distortion (n=1)]. Three lesions were mammographically occult. Sonographic findings available in 11 lesions showed a solid hypoechoic mass in 10 cases (eight irregular in shape, one round, one oval). One lesion was not seen on sonography. On histopathologic examination, all lesions were diagnosed as DCISM, with a focus of @entity189 less than or equal to 1mm in diameter within an area of DCIS. Sixteen (76%) lesions were high nuclear grade, four (19%) were intermediate and one was low grade (5%). Sixteen (76%) had the presence of @entity39 . Positivity for ER and PR was noted in 75% and 38%. Nodal @entity3 was present in one case with axillary lymph node dissection. Mean follow-up time for 16 @entity1 was 36 months without evidence of local or systemic recurrence. One @entity1 developed a second primary in the contralateral breast 3 years later. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation and radiologic appearance of a mass are commonly encountered in @entity75 (48% and 57%, respectively), irrespective of lesion size, mimicking findings seen in @entity189 . Despite its potential for nodal @entity3 (5% in our series), mean follow-up at 36 months was good with no evidence of local or systemic recurrence at follow-up. Knowledge of these clinical and imaging findings in @entity75 may alert the clinician to the possibility of microinvasion and guide appropriate management.

title: XXXX in situ: clinical presentation, imaging features, pathologic findings, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DCISM lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Microinvasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: Previous work from our laboratory showed deficits in @entity669 hydroxylase protein expression within the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) in @entity161 . However, little is known about the nature and specific location of these deficits within the SN/VTA. The present study had two aims: (1) test if @entity669 hydroxylase deficits could be explained as the result of @entity528 ; (2) assess if deficits in @entity669 hydroxylase are sub-region specific within the SN/VTA, and thus, could affect specific dopaminergic pathways. To achieve these objectives: (1) we obtained estimates of the number of dopaminergic neurons, total number of neurons, and their ratio in matched SN/VTA @entity161 and control samples; (2) we performed a qualitative assessment in SN/VTA @entity161 and control matched samples that were processed simultaneously for @entity669 hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. We did not find any significant differences in the total number of neurons, dopaminergic neurons, or their ratio. Our qualitative study of TH expression showed a conspicuous decrease in labeling of neuronal processes and cell bodies within the SN/VTA, which was sub-region specific. Dorsal diencephalic dopaminergic populations of the SN/VTA presented the most conspicuous decrease in TH labeling. These data support the existence of pathway-specific @entity51 that would affect the @entity935 input to the cortex without significant @entity528 . Interestingly, these findings support earlier reports of decreases in @entity669 hydroxylase labeling in the target areas for this dopaminergic input in the prefrontal and entorhinal cortex. Finally, our findings support that @entity669 hydroxylase deficits could contribute to the hypodopaminergic state observed in cortical areas in @entity161 .

title: Mapping dopaminergic deficiencies in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Central @entity3981 (of the mandible) is rare, and, to our knowledge, only seven cases of this disease have been reported in the literature. A case in a 67-year-old Japanese @entity1 is presented. Clinical examination revealed a 10.0x6.0mm mass located on the buccal aspect of the gingiva of the second molar in the left mandible. Radiographic examination revealed a radiolucency from the second to the third molar of the left mandible. Computed tomography disclosed destruction of the lingual cortical bone of the third molar region. The preliminary diagnosis was of odontogenic @entity5 . The @entity1 was admitted, and @entity5 and of the involved teeth were carried out. Histological examination disclosed the diagnosis of @entity3981 . Subsequently, the @entity5 area was widely excised from the second premolar region to the coronoid process, and radical neck dissection was performed. A lymph node @entity3 was found in the submandibular region. No recurrence or @entity3 was observed during the 34-month follow-up.

title: Central XXXX of the mandible. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: If asthmatic @entity1 cannot obtain sufficient control of their disease, not only do they suffer from @entity565 symptoms, but the daily life activities of their caregivers are also disrupted. We investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for symptom control in previously ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study on 12-week ICS (budesonide Turbuhaler(  )) monotherapy was undertaken in subjects aged 5-15 years with @entity565 not treated with ICS during the previous 3 months. At 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after start of ICS administration, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) scores, and @entity34 scores were summated and lung function measured. At weeks 0 and 12, questionnaires on caregiver @entity148 were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled, and 69 assessed. Ninety percent of subjects had been treated with @entity565 controller medication except ICS before study enrollment. JPAC score and @entity34 score were improved significantly at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p  <  0.001). With regard to @entity34 , more than half of caregivers showed a perfect score at weeks 8 and 12. There was a significant correlation between JPAC score and @entity34 score. Lung function and caregiver @entity148 were also improved, and good compliance with treatment was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: If treating ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 with uncontrolled symptoms, ICS monotherapy can improve @entity34 along with improving @entity565 control.

title: Caregiver treatment satisfaction is improved together with XXXX 's @entity565 control: Prospective study for budesonide monotherapy in school-aged @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity565 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'caregiver treatment satisfaction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) are benign, slowly growing @entity5 . However, the management strategy remains unclear for both primary VS and remnant VS following subtotal or partial resection. In this study, we analyzed the radiographical @entity5 growth to elucidate factors possibly predicting growth or regrowth of their @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 76 @entity1 with diagnoses of VS at a single tertiary academic referral center. The primary VS group consisted of 43 @entity1 with conservative management, and the remnant VS group included 33 @entity1 with @entity5 remnant after surgery. All @entity1 were followed up with serial magnetic resonance imaging without intervention. Primary endpoint in this study was significant @entity5 growth at the end of the three-year follow-up period. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that remnant VS was less likely to grow than primary VS (odds ratio: 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.09-0.84). @entity5 volume was correlated with @entity5 growth; larger @entity5 grew more frequently than small @entity5 in both primary and remnant VS groups with marginal (p=0.05) and definite (p=0.007) significance, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves plotted for @entity5 growth identified the optimum cutoff points of @entity5 volumes with higher sensitivity and specificity for remnant VS than for primary VS (sensitivity: 80% vs. 59%, specificity: 87% vs. 76%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Small remnant VS after surgery could be conservatively managed without additional treatment, and relatively large remnant VS should be followed up with close serial imaging or might be a possible candidate for radiosurgery during the early postoperative period.

title: Growth of primary and remnant XXXX : a three-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of anterior subcapsular @entity231 , clinically significant @entity231 , secondary lens-related surgical reinterventions, and vaulting characteristics of the now discontinued V3 and currently used V4 Staar Surgical @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) phakic intraocular lens designs. METHODS: In this non-randomized prospective clinical trial, 87 eyes were implanted with the V3 and 523 eyes with the V4 @entity16406 as part of the U.S. FDA clinical trial for @entity1714 . LOCS III assessment of @entity231 , clinically significant @entity231 , @entity16406 vaulting (clearance between @entity16406 and crystalline lens), and secondary @entity16406 -related surgeries were the main outcome measures. Mean follow-up in the V3 series was 30.7 +/- 10.0 months (range 10.8 to 49.3 mo) and in the V4 series, 17.3 +/- 6.9 months (range 0.25 to 38.5 mo). RESULTS: Incidence of anterior subcapsular @entity231 was significantly higher with the V3 vs. V4 @entity16406 (12.6% vs. 2.9%, P<.001). The difference was largely due to the higher rate of late-appearing @entity231 (> or = 1 year after surgery; 9.2% vs. 0.6%, P<.001). The V3 group had a greater proportion of eyes with poor vault (23.6% vs. 4.3%, P<.001) and the presence of poor vault was highly associated with the development of late anterior subcapsular @entity231 (P<.001). Clinically significant @entity231 was more frequent in the V3 vs. V4 @entity16406 (9.2% vs. 0.8%, P<.001), as was @entity231 extraction (6.9% vs. 0.2%, P<.001), and need for @entity16406 replacement (5.7% vs. 1.1%, P<.001). Differences in opacity rate between the V3 and V4 designs were not due to differences in postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the currently used V4 Staar Surgical model @entity16406 resulted in significantly less anterior subcapsular @entity231 , clinically significant @entity231 , and secondary @entity16406 -related surgery.

title: Incidence of @entity231 and clinically significant XXXX with the implantable contact lens: comparison of two lens designs.

entities_list: @entity16406 :: ('MESH:D060437', 'Disease') :: ['ICL', 'Implantable Contact Lens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'opacities', 'lens opacities', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataracts']


abstract: @entity577 gas ( @entity578 ) has been identified as an important alternative source of @entity505 and energy in some freshwater food webs. @entity578 is oxidized by @entity577 oxidizing bacteria (MOB), and subsequently utilized by chironomid larvae, which may exhibit low   @entity7352 values. This has been shown for chironomid larvae collected from lakes, streams and backwater pools. However, the relationship between @entity578 concentrations and   @entity7352 values of chironomid larvae for in-stream impoundments is unknown. @entity578 concentrations were measured in eleven in-stream impoundments located in the Queich River catchment area, South-western Germany. Furthermore, the   @entity7352 values of two subfamilies of chironomid larvae (i.e. Chironomini and Tanypodinae) were determined and correlated with @entity578 concentrations. Chironomini larvae had lower mean   @entity7352 values (-29.2 to -25.5    ), than Tanypodinae larvae (-26.9 to -25.3    ). No significant relationships were established between @entity578 concentrations and   @entity7352 values of chironomids (p>0.05). Mean   @entity7352 values of chironomid larvae (mean: -26.8   , range: -29.2    to -25.3   ) were similar to those of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) (mean: -28.4   , range: -29.3    to -27.1   ) and tree leaf litter (mean: -29.8    , range: -30.5    to -29.1   ). We suggest that @entity578 concentration has limited influence on the benthic food web in stream impoundments.

title: @entity577 -derived XXXX in the benthic food web in stream impoundments.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane', 'Methane']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: About half or more of the @entity1 with chronic @entity146 illnesses, either do not take their medications correctly, or completely stop taking them. The problem of poor initial compliance or adherence is often compounded by a continued decline in compliance/adherence over time. The failure to take medicines, adversely affects the outcome of treatment, and places a huge burden of wasted resources on the society. Three terms have been used to describe medication-taking among @entity1 with chronic @entity146 . Compliance is defined as "the extent to which the @entity1 's behaviour matches the prescriber's recommendations". Though compliance has been frequently employed to describe medication-taking behaviour, it has proved problematic because it refers to a process where the clinician decides on a suitable treatment, which the @entity1 is expected to comply with unquestioningly. Studies over the past few decades have emphasized the importance of @entity1 ' perspectives in medication-taking, based on their own beliefs, their personal circumstances, the information and resources available for them. Adherence has been used as a replacement for compliance in an effort to place the clinician- @entity1 relationship in its proper perspective. Adherence refers to a process, in which the appropriate treatment is decided after a proper discussion with the @entity1 . It also implies that the @entity1 is under no compulsion to accept a particular treatment, and is not to be held solely responsible for the occurrence of non-adherence. Adherence has been defined as "the extent to which a @entity1 's behaviour, taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider". To overcome certain problems in the concept of adherence, a third term concordance has been used. The concept of concordance has evolved from a narrower view, emphasizing an agreement between the clinician and the @entity1 , which takes into account each other's perspective on medication-taking, to a broader process consisting of open discussions with the @entity1 regarding medication-taking, imparting information and supporting @entity1 on long-term medication. It is a process, which entertains @entity1 ' views on medication-taking, and acknowledges that @entity1 ' views have to be respected even if they make choices, which appear to be in conflict with the clinician's views. Although none of these terms are ideal solutions to understanding the complex process of medication-taking behaviour of @entity1 , the move from compliance to adherence and concordance represents genuine progress in this field, which puts the @entity1 's perceptions at the centre of the whole process.

title: What's in a name? Compliance, adherence and concordance in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity5886 and @entity2331 ( @entity2331 ) due to @entity3775 -containing antacids. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-month-old white @entity1 was brought to the emergency department due to @entity146 and @entity158 with movement. Upon examination, the @entity1 was irritable, unable to bear weight, had palpable @entity75 , point tenderness of the hips, and poor head control. The @entity1 had lost several developmental milestones over the past 4 months (eg, ability to roll over) and had decreased appetite and minimal @entity1017 . Skeletal survey revealed @entity174 , @entity170 , and Ricketts. @entity5886 (2.3 mg/dL; normal 3.2-6.3) and an elevated serum @entity3775 level (14 microg/L, normal 0-9) were noted. Past medical history was positive for @entity354 . He had been started on @entity5616 and @entity13923 (1/2 teaspoonful per 6-ounce bottle) at 2 months of age. The @entity1 's formula contained elevated @entity3775 levels. Further investigation showed that 1/2 tablespoonful instead of 1/2 teaspoonful of antacid had been added to each 6-ounce formula bottle for the prior 6 months; only 1 month of antacid therapy had been recommended. An objective causality assessment revealed a probable adverse drug event. DISCUSSION: @entity1391 -binding substances such as @entity3775 -containing antacids can bind large amounts of @entity3151 , causing @entity5886 and @entity2331 . CONCLUSIONS: We report this case to increase awareness of the risk of @entity5886 and @entity2331 (likely @entity3775 related) with use of over-the-counter @entity3775 -containing antacids in pediatrics, as well as the hazards of prescribing doses in "spoonful" units.

title: @entity2331 after chronic antacid administration in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['multiple rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['Hypophosphatemia', 'hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease', 'MBD']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that stress-induced opioid peptides may have stimulative and inhibitive influence on mu opioid receptor (MOR) mRNA expression and @entity2339 . Several studies have investigated the effects of stress on MOR mRNA expression in @entity35 brain, but almost none compared the response to single versus repeated stresses. Here, we examined the effects of single and repeated stress on MOR mRNA expression in different @entity35 brain regions using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following a single episode of restraint stress for 4 h (1R) or 4 h per day on 2 (2R) or 3 (3R) consecutive days, the @entity2339 and midbrain were removed immediately and MOR mRNA levels in both regions were determined by RT-PCR. Blood samples were also collected for simultaneous measurement of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and @entity2819 (CS). MOR mRNA expression was significantly higher in both regions in the 2R group, whereas expression levels in the 3R group did not differ from controls. In the 1R group, @entity1640 MOR expression was equivalent to that in controls, but expression was significantly higher in the midbrain. Serum ACTH levels were significantly higher only in the 1R group, whereas serum CS was significantly higher in both the 1R and 3R groups. Our findings indicate that the influence of restraint stress on MOR mRNA expression in the @entity2339 is different than in the midbrain region in @entity35 . Endogenous opioid peptides released in response to stress may paradoxically have an effect on the @entity2270 .

title: Effects of single and repeated prolonged stress on mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression in @entity35 gross XXXX and midbrain homogenates.

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: Using vitreous fluorophotometry and quantitative fluorescence microscopy the authors studied the permeability of the blood- @entity5995 barrier (BRB) to @entity941 in control and in 8 days @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Vitreous fluorophotometry showed that @entity941 permeates BRB in control and in @entity6 @entity35 . However, in @entity6 @entity35 the permeability to @entity941 was significantly increased as compared to control @entity35 . The vitreous penetration ratio (VPR) values for total and free @entity941 at 60 min, were higher for @entity6 @entity35 (231.2+/-12.9 min-1 for total @entity941 and 1299.24+/-58.0 min-1 for free @entity941 ) than for control @entity35 (95.5+/-3.5 min-1 for total @entity941 and 646.6+/-55. 0 min-1 for free @entity941 ) (P<0.05). Quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed these findings and identified the site of leakage across the BRB by comparing the relative importance of the @entity941 leakage across the outer and inner BRB. In control @entity35 the fluorescence levels remained relatively low in the photoreceptor layer, next to the outer BRB but in the inner nuclear layer, next to the inner BRB reached values that were almost ten times higher. These results suggest that in retinas of control @entity35 @entity941 penetrates predominantly through the inner BRB. In @entity6 @entity35 the fluorescence levels in the photoreceptor and in the inner nuclear layer were significantly increased as compared to the fluorescence levels in controls @entity35 . Nevertheless, in the inner nuclear layer the fluorescence levels were also generally higher than the fluorescence levels at the photoreceptor layer. The rates of fluorescence levels between the inner nuclear layer and the photoreceptor layer were apparently 3:1, 60 min after the single intravenous injection of @entity941 . Also, the @entity941 penetration in the inner nuclear layer of the @entity6 @entity35 is higher than that observed in the inner nuclear layer of the control @entity35 (P<0.001). These findings suggest that the permeability to @entity941 of both components of the BRB is increased 8 days after the induction of @entity6 by @entity3839 and that the permeability of the retinal vasculature is preferentially affected.

title: Breakdown of the inner and outer blood retinal barrier in XXXX -induced @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: T-cell help is essential for CTL-memory formation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the continuous presence of @entity404 (+) T-helper (Th) cells is required during dendritic cell (DC)/ @entity405 (+) T-cell encounters, or whether a DC will remember the helper signal after the Th cell has departed. This question is relevant for the design of therapeutic @entity5 vaccines. Therefore, we investigated how @entity1 DCs need to interact with @entity404 (+) T cells to mediate efficient repetitive CTL expansion in vitro. We established an autologous antigen-specific in vitro system with monocyte-derived DCs, as these are primarily used for @entity5 vaccination. Contrary to common belief, a sequential interaction of licensed DCs with @entity405 (+) T cells barely improved CTL expansion. In sharp contrast, simultaneous encounter of Th cells and CTLs with the same DC during the first in vitro encounter is a prerequisite for optimal subsequent CTL expansion in our in vitro system. These data suggest that, in contrast to DC maturation, the activation of DCs by Th cells, which is necessary for optimal CTL stimulation, is transient. This knowledge has significant implications for the design of new and more effective DC-based vaccination strategies. Furthermore, our in vitro system could be a valuable tool for preclinical immunotherapeutical studies.

title: Concurrent interaction of DCs with @entity404 (+) and XXXX (+) T cells improves secondary CTL expansion: It takes three to tango.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity2359 is a frequent complication of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity149 . Treatment protocols without radiotherapy have been implemented to avoid this; however, little detailed neuropsychologic and neuroradiologic data exist to assess the frequency of long-term treatment sequelae in this @entity1 group. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a polychemotherapy regimen based on high-dose methotrexate results in @entity73 and/or changes detectable by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain during long-term follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with histologically proven @entity149 were treated with a novel chemotherapy protocol that included systemic and intraventricular administration of @entity1499 and @entity2592 (ara-C). Standardized neuropsychologic testing and magnetic resonance imaging investigations were performed prior to therapy and prospectively during a median follow-up period of 36 months (range, 21-69 months). RESULTS: Ten @entity1 achieved durable remissions without relapse for more than 1 year after completion of chemotherapy. There was no gross @entity73 in any of these @entity1 during the follow-up period. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging revealed therapy-induced white matter changes in 5 of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that chemotherapy alone is associated with a low risk of long-term @entity2359 in @entity149 . @entity1499 -induced @entity62 detectable on magnetic resonance imaging are not inevitably associated with significant @entity73 .

title: Cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging findings after high-dose systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the time of publication of the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) study, menopausal symptom management has become more complex because of increased awareness of the risks associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Currently, a wide range of management options is available. Some @entity1 take prescription drugs, and others use self care strategies, including lifestyle modifications, over-the-counter preparations and complementary and alternative therapies, such as herbal preparations, exercise programmes and relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques consist of a group of behavioural interventions. They are considered relatively harmless, but their effectiveness in treating vasomotor symptoms and @entity25 remains debatable.   OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of relaxation techniques as treatment for vasomotor symptoms and associated @entity25 in perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . SEARCH METHODS: Searches of the following electronic bibliographic databases were performed in February 2014 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs): the Cochrane @entity1866 and Subfertility Group Specialised Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index and CINAHL. Handsearches of trial registers, relevant journals and published conference abstracts were also performed. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs were included if they compared any type of relaxation intervention with no treatment or other treatments (except hormones) for vasomotor symptoms in symptomatic perimenopausal/postmenopausal @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors selected studies, assessed quality and extracted data. Included studies were combined, if appropriate, by using a random-effects model to calculate pooled mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies were eligible for inclusion (281 @entity1 ): Two studies compared relaxation with electroacupuncture or superficial needling, one study compared relaxation with paced respiration or placebo control (a-wave electroencephalographic biofeedback) and one study compared relaxation with no treatment.No evidence was found of a difference between relaxation and acupuncture or superficial needle insertion in the number of hot flushes per 24 hours (mean difference (MD) 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.33 to 1.43, two studies, 72 @entity1 , I(2) = 0%; very low-quality evidence). Nor did any evidence suggest a difference between the two interventions in hot flush severity, measured using the Kupperman Index ( @entity6917 .32, 95% CI -5.06 to 2.43, two studies, 72 @entity1 , I(2) = 0%; very low-quality evidence).The other two studies found no clear evidence of a difference in hot flush frequency between relaxation and paced respiration, placebo or no treatment. The data for these comparisons were unsuitable for analysis.None of these studies reported night sweats, @entity25 associated with night sweats or adverse effects as an outcome.The main limitations of identified evidence were lack of data, imprecision and failure to report study methods in adequate detail. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Evidence is insufficient to show the effectiveness of relaxation techniques as treatment for @entity1109 , or to determine whether this treatment is more effective than no treatment, placebo, acupuncture, superficial needle insertion or paced respiration.

title: Relaxation for perimenopausal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal vasomotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual Disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal symptoms']


abstract: The objectives of the present cross-sectional study were to assess the screening, prevalence and management of @entity3147 and identify any co-existence with @entity28 in adult hospital in- @entity1 . The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was applied to all medical, surgical, orthopaedic and critical care in- @entity1 in an acute hospital in North-East England on a single day in 2007. An audit was also performed of @entity3147 screening using a locally developed tool. @entity1 were excluded from study if they had been an in- @entity1 less than 24 h or if discharged on the day of study. Of 328 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria, 100% had full data collection (143 males, 185 females, median length of stay 8 d (range 1-90 d), median age 76 years (range 17-101 years)). Only 226 @entity1 (68.9%) had been screened for @entity3147 and thirty-one (13.7%) were at highest @entity3147 risk, of which only 45.2% were appropriately referred to nutrition and dietetic services. The prevalence of @entity3147 (MUST > or = 1) was 44%. The prevalence of highest risk (MUST > or = 2) increased with age (20.6% < 60 years, 29.7% 60-79 years and 39.4% > or = 80 years). In total 37.8% (n 70) of female @entity1 had a MUST score of > or = 2 compared with 24.5% (n 35) of males. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was identified in 9.5% of those with a MUST score > or = 2. We have shown that @entity3147 is a common problem affecting over 40% of @entity1 in this hospital-wide study. Currently @entity3147 is often unrecognised and undertreated in clinical practice. Hospitals must develop comprehensive strategies to both identify and treat in- @entity1 with this common condition.

title: XXXX screening, prevalence and management in a United Kingdom hospital: cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Adult malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is an important therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity4888 . The aim of this study was to find out long term results in 10 @entity1 with the clinical and histological diagnosis of @entity4888 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 1997 we performed a total skin electron beam therapy in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 was in stage I A; 5, in stage I B; 3, in stage II B; and one, in stage IV A. The indication for @entity272 was disease progression in spite of PUVA therapy. The doses of electron beam therapy were 30- 36 Gy at 5-6 MeV. In 7 of 10 cases additional local electron beam therapy was given, because individual lesions persisted or recurred after a short time. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in 5 @entity1 . The follow- up has been up to 10 years. One @entity1 died of @entity706 10 years after electron beam therapy. Three @entity1 died of illnesses unrelated to @entity4888 . One @entity1 developed a high grade @entity784 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity272 is a very effective, but technically difficult therapy for @entity4888 , especially in stage I B and II B. Particularly interesting has been the long duration of complete response of three @entity1 , who had @entity12620 preceding their @entity4888 .

title: [Long term results of total skin electron beam therapy ( @entity272 ) in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12620 :: ('MESH:D000507', 'Disease') :: ['follicular mucinosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['TSEBT', 'Total skin electron beam therapy']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether @entity1 with few cerebral metastases benefit from whole-brain irradiation added to radiosurgery. Since @entity5 disseminating to the brain show different behavior, this question should be answered separately for each @entity5 type. This study compared both treatments in @entity1 with 1-3 cerebral metastases from @entity2 . METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity1 receiving radiosurgery alone were retrospectively compared to 50 @entity1 receiving radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation for local control, distant cerebral control and overall survival. Ten other characteristics were additionally considered including radiosurgery dose, age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score, histology, number of cerebral metastases, maximum diameter of all cerebral metastases, site of cerebral metastases, extra-cerebral metastases, and interval from @entity2 diagnosis to irradiation. RESULTS: The treatment approach had no significant impact on local control (p   =   0.61). On multivariate analysis of local control, ECOG performance score was significant (risk ratio [RR]: 2.10; p   <   0.001). The multivariate analysis of distant brain control revealed significant positive associations with radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation (RR: 4.67; p   <   0.001) and one cerebral metastasis (RR: 2.62; p   <   0.001). Treatment approach was not significantly associated with overall survival (p   =   0.32). On multivariate analysis, significant associations with overall survival were found for maximum diameter of all cerebral metastases (RR: 1.81; p   =   0.008), extra-cerebral metastases (RR: 2.98; p   <   0.001), and interval from @entity2 diagnosis to irradiation (RR: 1.19; p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Addition of whole-brain irradiation to radiosurgery significantly improved distant brain control in @entity1 with few cerebral metastases from @entity2 . This improvement did not translate into better overall survival.

title: Radiosurgery alone versus radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation for very few cerebral metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: To compare historical features, clinical examination findings, and radiographic results among @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity130 ( @entity130 ), a retrospective review of @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity130 was undertaken. Two main groups were identified: radiographically evident @entity130 (RESCI), and @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA). Demographic, historical, clinical, and radiographic information was obtained from @entity1 ' charts and analyzed to determine factors associated with @entity130 and to determine the efficacy of the various radiographic views. Seventy-two @entity1 , ages from 1 month to 15 years (median age, 9 yrs), were included in the study. Sports-related injuries were the most common. Forty @entity1 had RESCI and 32 had SCIWORA. Forty-nine (80%) of all the @entity1 had abnormal findings on neck examination, and six (16%) of the RECSI group had abnormal neurological findings. Lateral radiographs had a sensitivity for @entity130 of 79%; a three-view radiographic series had a sensitivity of 94%. All @entity1 with @entity130 who were clinically asymptomatic had both a high-risk injury mechanism and a distracting injury. @entity130 should be suspected in any @entity1 with abnormal findings on neck or neurological examination. A minimum of three radiographic cervical spine views should be obtained in the evaluation of @entity130 in @entity1 . Even in the face of a three-view series, @entity130 should be suspected in @entity1 with an abnormal neck or neurological exam, high-risk mechanism of injury, or distracting injury.

title: Evaluation of XXXX cervical spine injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spine injury', 'CSI']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy for soft tissue @entity242 is typically preoperative or postoperative, with advocates of each. In this study, the relationship of the sequencing of radiotherapy and surgery to local control was examined. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The cohort consisted of 453 @entity1 with Grade 2-3 malignant @entity82 , @entity1352 , or @entity1821 treated from 1965-1992. @entity242 were excluded. Median follow-up was 97 months. There were 3 groups of @entity1 that were classified by the treatment administered at our institution: preoperative radiotherapy to a median dose of 50 Gy given before excision at MDACC (Preop; n = 128); postoperative radiotherapy to a median dose of 64 Gy given after excision at MDACC (Postop; n = 165); and radiotherapy to a median dose of 65 Gy without excision at MDACC (RT Alone; n = 160). Those in the RT Alone Group had gross total excision at an outside center prior to referral. RESULTS: Histological classification, whether locally recurrent at referral, and final MDACC margins were independent determinants of local control in Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis using the entire cohort. The type of treatment was not significant; however, @entity5 status at presentation (gross disease vs. excised) affected these findings greatly. Gross disease treated with Preop was controlled locally in 88% at 10 years, as compared to 67% with Postop (p = 0.01). This association was independently significant for @entity1 treated primarily (not for recurrence). In contrast, for those presenting after excision elsewhere, 10-year local control was better with Postop (88% vs. 73%,p = 0.07), particularly for @entity1 treated primarily (91% vs. 72%, p = 0.02 in univariate analysis; p = 0.06 in multivariate analysis). Re-excision at MDACC (Postop) resulted in enhanced 10-year local control over that with RT Alone (88% vs. 75%, p = 0.06), and was confirmed to be an independent predictor in multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Local control was highest with Preop in @entity1 presenting primarily with gross disease, and with Postop in @entity1 presenting primarily following gross total excision. The data suggest that 50 Gy is inadequate after gross total excision, possibly due to @entity519 in the surgical bed.

title: Preoperative vs. postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue XXXX : a matter of presentation.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'Retroperitoneal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: We report a case of a 40-year-old @entity1 presenting with relapsing @entity75 4 years post-intestinal transplantation. Each episode was preceded by symptoms suggestive of subacute @entity1321 , marked dehydration, and, on one occasion, grade 4 @entity75 . Physical examination revealed @entity4372 , clonus, and @entity427 . Biochemistry was consistent with @entity8 , @entity5838 , hyperammonaemia, and normal liver function. Plain radiographs and abdominal computed tomography revealed dilated proximal small bowel loops, and barium radiography demonstrated a strictured distal @entity254 . @entity3884 breath testing indicated @entity6124 . Following rehydration and antibiotic therapy, the @entity1 recovered fully between episodes. Further episodes of @entity75 did not recur following resection of the distal anastomotic stricture and resolution of @entity6124 . Unfortunately, one year later the @entity1 died of @entity55 . To the best of our knowledge, @entity75 secondary to intestinal transplant related porto-caval shunt and @entity6124 in strictured bowel has not been previously reported but might have implications for the management of future @entity1 .

title: Relapsing XXXX following small bowel transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze immunohistochemically the expression of @entity17894 in normal and @entity3909 ovarian tissue to evaluate whether ovarian tissue may be a new potential target for biologically active @entity560 analogues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity3873 -receptors ( @entity17894 ) was immunohistochemically investigated in @entity43 (n=40). @entity17894 immunoreactivity (mAb 9A7gamma) was compared with the staining pattern of the proliferation marker Ki-67, of the @entity172 receptors (ER) and of the @entity1420 receptors (PR). The percentage of positive @entity5 cells (PP), the intensity of staining (SI) and a resulting immunoreactivity score (IRS) were determined for the semiquantitative evaluation of @entity17894 -, ER- and PR-expression. RESULTS: A total of 16.7% of the normal surface ovarian epithelium was @entity17894 -negative, while the remaining 83.3% revealed weak to moderate @entity17894 immunoreactivity. Moderate to strong nuclear immunoreactivity for @entity17894 was detected in almost all @entity43 analyzed. Both the intensity of @entity17894 immunostaining and the number of @entity17894 -positive cells were significantly @entity43 as compared to normal ovarian tissue. Analyzing coexpression of @entity17894 with the proliferation marker Ki-67 or with the @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors, no significant correlation was found. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that: (I) @entity17894 expression is @entity43 as compared to normal ovarian tissue. (II) Up-regulation of @entity17894 in @entity43 is not exclusively induced by an increase of proliferation, but by different unknown mechanisms. (III) Expression of @entity17894 in @entity43 is independently regulated from the expression of ER and PR. (IV) Ovarian tissue may be a new target organ for therapeutically applied @entity560 analogues exerting fewer calcemic side-effects. New @entity560 analogues may be promising drugs for the treatment of advanced @entity43 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity3873 -receptors, @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors and Ki-67 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'increased in ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 may reflect imbalances between protective and injurious factors. Through its effects on cell growth, leptin may influence oesophageal mucosal homeostasis. AIMS: To determine whether leptin receptors are present in the oesophagus, and whether serum or gastric leptin levels are associated with @entity32 and metaplasia. METHODS: From @entity1 referred for upper endoscopy, biopsies were obtained from the stomach and distal oesophagus, and serum samples were collected. @entity1 were classified as having normal, inflamed or @entity355 . Quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed on representative sections, and leptin levels in plasma and gastric biopsy samples were determined by specific immunoassay. RESULTS: Of 269 individuals enrolled, 105 were @entity1534 -negative. Of the 88 @entity1 with complete oesophageal biopsies, 44 were normal, 24 were inflamed and 20 were @entity355 . Receptors for leptin were highly expressed on oesophageal epithelial cells, with similar density and staining pattern in all three conditions, and plasma and antral leptin levels did not differ significantly. @entity1 with Barrett's had significantly (p = 0.01) higher fundic leptin levels (median 202 (interquartile range 123-333) pg/mg) compared with normal (126 (78-221) pg/mg) or inflamed (114 (76-195) pg/mg) oesophagus. In multivariate analysis, for every twofold increase in fundic leptin, the odds of having Barrett's was 3.4 times (95% CI 1.5 to 7.6) higher compared with having a normal oesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13156 expression on oesophageal epithelial cells provides a pathway for leptin-mediated signal transduction. Variation in gastric leptin production could contribute to differential oesophageal healing and metaplasia progression.

title: The association of gastric leptin with XXXX and metaplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease complications']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['oesophageal inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of @entity1311 (PCT) combined with @entity1206 (VRL) in @entity2220 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Untreated inoperable @entity1 with @entity3 were enrolled and underwent front-line treatment with a new combination as follows: a 30-minute infusion of VRL at a dose of 25 mg/m2 followed by a 3-hour infusion of PCT 135 mg/m2. Chemotherapy was repeated every 2 weeks with the intention of administering 9 cycles. RESULTS: Fifty-four out of 58 enrolled @entity1 were assessable; the median age was 63 years (range 48-81). All @entity1 were chemotherapy-na  ve and all had histologically- or cytologically- confirmed @entity420 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (50%) responded: 5 with complete response (9.3%) and 22 with partial response (40.7%); 17 @entity1 had stable disease (31.5%) and 10 showed disease progression (18.5%). Median response duration was 6 months (range 2-14.5) and median survival was 10 months (range 2-35+). The main adverse reaction was myelotoxicity in 87% of the @entity1 , of whom only 8 (14.8%) had grade 4 @entity1398 which in 4 cases (7.4%) was febrile. No @entity1 required dose reduction, but treatment was postponed by one week in 4 @entity1 a total of nine times. @entity1 received 98.6% of the planned dose. CONCLUSION: The PCT and VRL combination is an active first-line treatment for @entity2220 . These two cytotoxic drugs produce acceptable @entity137 when repeated every 2 weeks.

title: @entity1311 and XXXX combination in advanced inoperable @entity2220 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies suggest that surgical excision of the @entity5 improves survival among @entity1 with @entity0 at diagnosis. Exclusive locoregional radiotherapy (LRR) is an alternative form of locoregional treatment (LRT) in this setting. We retrospectively studied the impact of LRT on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 with synchronous metastases. @entity1 AND METHODS: Among 18,753 @entity0 @entity1 treated in our institution between 1980 and 2004, 598 @entity1 (3.2%) had synchronous @entity3 at diagnosis. Demographic data, @entity5 characteristics, metastatic sites, and treatments were prospectively recorded. The impact of LRT on overall survival (OS) was evaluated by multivariate analysis including known prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among 581 eligible @entity1 , 320 received LRT (group A), and 261 received no LRT (group B). LRT consisted of exclusive LRR in 249 @entity1 (78%), surgery of the @entity5 with adjuvant LRR in 41 @entity1 (13%), and surgery alone in 30 @entity1 (9%). With a median follow-up time of 39 months, the 3-year OS rates were 43.4% and 26.7% in group A and group B (P =.00002), respectively. The association between LRT and improved survival was particularly marked in @entity1 with visceral metastases. LRT was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85; P = .0002). The adjusted HR for late @entity204 (>or= 1 year) was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.96; P = .02). CONCLUSION: In our experience, LRT, consisting mainly of exclusive LRR, was associated with improved survival in @entity0 @entity1 with synchronous metastases. Exclusive LRR may thus represent an active alternative to surgery.

title: XXXX with synchronous metastases: survival impact of exclusive locoregional radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4128 ( @entity4128 ) is a primary @entity299 associated with substantial @entity65 and risk of @entity944 . Efforts to discern relevant pathophysiological mechanisms have been impaired by lack of a suitable animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity4128 was diagnosed in 23 boxer @entity235 (12 male; 9.1+/-2.3 years old). Clinical events alone or in combination included @entity944 (n=9; 39%), @entity943 of suspected @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) origin (n=19; 83%), @entity1163 (n=12, 52%), and @entity712 (n=3; 13%). Right @entity67 or @entity439 occurred in 10 (43%). Striking histopathological abnormalities were present in each boxer @entity235 but not in controls, including severe @entity4266 myocyte loss with replacement by fatty (n=15, 65%) or fibrofatty (n=8, 35%) tissue. Focal @entity75 were also present in both atria (n=8) and the left ventricle (LV) (n=11). Fatty replacement occupied substantially greater @entity4266 wall area in @entity4128 @entity235 than controls (40.4+/-18.8% versus 13.8+/-3.4%, respectively) (P<0.001); residual myocardium was correspondingly reduced (56.6+/-19.2% versus 84.8+/-3.8% in controls) (P<0.001). MRI demonstrated bright anterolateral and/or infundibular @entity4266 myocardial signals, confirmed as fat by histopathology. @entity2401 appeared in the @entity4266 (n=14, 61%) and LV (n=16, 70%) and in each @entity235 with @entity944 , but not in controls. Familial transmission was evident in 10 of the 23. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a novel, spontaneous, and genetically transmitted animal model of @entity4128 associated with @entity944 in the boxer @entity235 , closely resembling the @entity1 disease. This model may aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity4128 .

title: @entity4128 causing sudden cardiac death in boxer @entity235 : a new animal model of XXXX disease.

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy', 'ARVC']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrofatty lesions']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV', 'right ventricular']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['familial heart muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['Myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2231 ( @entity2231 ) receptor antagonists including @entity46865 and @entity9469 , have been suggested as a treatment for @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis and indirect comparison to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity2231 receptor antagonists for treatment of @entity263 . METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to November 2014 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which assessed @entity2231 receptor antagonists for treatment of @entity263 . Meta-analysis was conducted by STATA version 12.0 software. RESULTS: Eight RCTs were identified, involving 6,065 @entity1 . The results of direct comparison showed that compared with placebo, there was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity74 ( @entity74 ), and total adverse events (AEs) with @entity2231 receptor antagonist treatment for @entity263 . The results of @entity2231 receptor antagonists plus @entity1205 versus @entity1205 alone were similar. The indirect comparisons showed that there were no significant differences between @entity46865 plus @entity1205 versus @entity9469 plus @entity1205 when compared with @entity1205 alone or @entity46865 versus atrasenta compared with placebo in the improvement of PFS, @entity1349 , @entity74 , and total adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant benefits for @entity2231 receptor antagonists with or without @entity1205 in the improvement of PFS, @entity1349 , @entity74 , and overall AEs. And there were no significant differences between @entity46865 and @entity9469 . Single-agent @entity1205 should remain as one of the standard treatments.

title: A Meta-Analysis and Indirect Comparison of @entity2231 Receptor Antagonist for Castration-Resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity46865 :: ('MESH:C511404', 'Chemical') :: ['zibotentan']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to disease progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity9469 :: ('MESH:C430623', 'Chemical') :: ['atrasentan']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded within the basal lamina of blood micro-vessels. Within the neurovascular unit, pericytes play important roles in regulating neurovascular homeostasis by secreting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, little is known about the regulatory signaling pathways in brain pericytes. Here we show that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) induces @entity1495 upregulation in pericytes via @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling. Cultured @entity1 brain vascular pericytes were used in this study. When the brain pericytes were treated with purified @entity1 @entity2533 (0.1-10ng/mL for 24h), the levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in culture media were significantly increased in a concentration dependent manner as measured by gelatin zymography. WST assay confirmed that @entity2533 did not affect cell survival of the brain pericytes. A TGF-b-receptor inhibitor @entity21795 (0.5-5 M) decreased the @entity2533 -induced upregulation of @entity1476 and @entity1495 . To assess the underlying intracellular mechanisms, we focused on @entity1435 MAP kinase signaling, which is one of the major downstream kinases for @entity2533 . A well-validated @entity1435 MAP kinase inhibitor @entity1441 (0.5-5 M) cancelled the effect of @entity2533 in upregulation of @entity1495 but not @entity1476 . Western blotting confirmed that @entity2533 treatment increased the level of @entity1435 MAP kinase phosphorylation in pericytes, and again, the TGF-b-receptor inhibitor @entity21795 (0.5-5 M) blocked the @entity2533 -induced phosphorylation of @entity1435 . Both @entity2533 and @entity1495 are major neurovascular mediators, and therefore, our current finding may suggest a novel mechanism for how pericytes regulate neurovascular homeostasis.

title: @entity1435 MAP kinase mediates transforming-growth factor-b1-induced upregulation of @entity1495 but not -2 in XXXX brain pericytes.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased numbers of immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with a poor prognosis in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as standard therapy for the treatment of several @entity5 . However, TKIs not only exert effects on the malignant cell clone itself but also affect immune cells. Here, we investigate the effect of TKIs on the induction of MDSCs that differentiate from mature @entity1 monocytes using a new in vitro model of MDSC induction through activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We show that frequencies of monocytic @entity5750 (+)HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs derived from mature monocytes were significantly and dose-dependently reduced in the presence of @entity8947 , @entity10542 and @entity2857 , whereas @entity2240 had no effect. These regulatory effects were only observed when TKIs were present during the early induction phase of MDSCs through activated HSCs, whereas already differentiated MDSCs were not further influenced by TKIs. Neither the MAPK nor the NFkB pathway was modulated in MDSCs when any of the TKIs was applied. When functional analyses were performed, we found that myeloid cells treated with @entity2857 , @entity10542 or @entity8947 , but not @entity2240 , displayed decreased suppressive capacity with regard to CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Our results indicate that @entity2857 , @entity10542 and @entity8947 , but not @entity2240 , decrease the HSC-mediated differentiation of monocytes into functional MDSCs. Therefore, treatment of @entity5 @entity1 with these TKIs may in addition to having a direct effect on @entity5 cells also prevent the differentiation of monocytes into MDSCs and thereby differentially modulate the success of immunotherapeutic or other anti- @entity5 approaches.

title: The induction of @entity1 myeloid derived suppressor cells through hepatic stellate cells is dose-dependently inhibited by the @entity4149 kinase inhibitors XXXX , @entity8947 and @entity2857 , but not @entity2240 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity10542 :: (MESH:C498826,Chemical) :: ['nilotinib']


abstract: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested to decrease lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. We hypothesised that foetal MSCs (fMSCs) would have an immunosuppressive effect on allograft responses in vitro. @entity1 MSCs were isolated and cultured from first-trimester foetal livers and characterised by flow cytometry. fMSC stained positive for @entity2393 , @entity1759 , @entity2394 , CD105, SH-3 and SH-4, and negative for @entity5750 , @entity2280 and @entity1195 . When @entity421 , fMSC differentiated into the respective cell lineage. Compared to adult MSC (aMSC), the proliferative capacity of fMSC was higher. Mitogen stimulation of PBL was inhibited by fMSC. The greatest inhibition (78%) was seen when 30,000 fMSCs were added to 150,000 lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. Adult and fMSCs were added to mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) containing peripheral blood lymphocytes or foetal liver cells. Unlike aMSC, fMSCs did not inhibit MLC. fMSC could be culture-expanded several million folds with no loss of phenotype characteristics, which makes them ideal for ex vivo expansion. fMSC inhibit lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, but not alloreactivity as measured by MLC.

title: Immunomodulatory effects of XXXX foetal liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['plated on adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic media']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ipilimumab, a humanized @entity4386 antibody, improves overall survival in @entity1 with @entity320 . However, immune-related adverse effects occur in about 65% of ipilimumab-treated @entity1 and have to be adequately managed. A 55-year-old @entity1 developed grade 3 @entity792 7 weeks after initiation of ipilimumab treatment and subsequently @entity99 with grade 3 elevation of transaminases and y-glutamyl transferase. @entity1960 manifested with up to 18 watery and bloody stools per day and severe attacks of @entity490 . After exclusion of infectious causes, immunosuppression with corticosteroids was initiated. Because of recurrent @entity490 , spontaneous perforation of the colon had to be excluded. Elevated liver function tests (grade 3 CTCAE) occurred and differential diagnosis included immune-mediated, toxic, and @entity99 . It is interesting to note that, not an immune-mediated but a cytomegalovirus-induced @entity99 was diagnosed by serum blood tests and liver biopsy and was subsequently successfully treated. Careful elaboration of the @entity1 under immunotherapy was essential as further immunosuppression mandatory for @entity775 would have worsened the @entity99 . In conclusion, cytomegalovirus reactivation should be included in the differential in @entity1 under immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and has to be considered as a cause for morbidity.

title: @entity792 and Subsequent CMV-induced XXXX After Treatment With Ipilimumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune colitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a method of evaluating 3-dimensional joint motion in @entity235 with a stifle orthosis. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Six healthy @entity235 . METHODS: Three-dimensional pelvic limb joint motion was recorded with and without a stifle orthosis. Kinematic data were collected from @entity235 at a walk and trot for the hip, stifle, and tarsus prior to, and after application of, a stifle orthosis. Data were also obtained for the orthosis alone. Comparisons were made between the braced and unbraced limb, and between the braced limb and the orthosis alone. Complete waveforms, kinematic, and temporospatial variables were compared. RESULTS: Gait waveforms differed between braced and unbraced limbs for all joints and planes of motion (P   <   .05), as well as between the braced stifles and the orthosis alone at both a walk and trot. However, joint @entity2172 was inconsistently altered. The effect of bracing on stifle @entity2172 was limited to a reduced extension at the end of stance. Adjacent joint @entity2172 was affected by the stifle orthosis. Temporospatial variables were predominantly affected while walking. CONCLUSIONS: The restrictive motion of the stifle orthosis is not fully translated to the underlying joint, based on the limited differences between the motion of braced and unbraced stifles. This effect varies with plane of motion and phase of the gait cycle, with most changes in stifle motion being detected during the stance phase. The stifle orthosis had an equal or greater effect on the motion of adjacent joints, especially the tarsus.

title: Pelvic limb kinematics in the XXXX with and without a stifle orthosis.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity2753 is a relatively common disorder occurring in up to 6% of hospitalized @entity1 and can occur through any mechanism that produces a relative excess of body water to body sodium. Although most @entity2753 @entity1 are asymptomatic, severe symptomatic @entity2753 is a medical emergency that may lead to @entity2657 , @entity204 . More aggressive therapy is indicated in these @entity1 . However, in some @entity1 , the treatment itself may result in @entity6220 that may be associated with permanent @entity16 . The therapeutic strategy that should guide optimal treatment of @entity2753 requires attention to the following four factors: the @entity1 's volume status, the presence or absence of symptoms, duration of @entity9680 , and the presence or absence of risk factors for the development of @entity16 . An initial categorization according to the clinical ECF volume status of the @entity1 will allow a determination of the appropriate initial therapy in the majority of cases. The importance of duration of @entity2753 and the presence or absence of symptoms relates to how well the brain has adapted to the @entity2753 . The severity of @entity2753 is also an important consideration because osmotic @entity17 is rarely seen in @entity1 with the initial serum sodium greater than 120 mEq/l. Clinical surveys have identified subgroups of @entity1 at greatest risk for developing @entity16 of @entity2753 . Optimal therapy of these @entity1 must consider balancing the risks of @entity2753 against the risks of correction for each @entity1 individually. Although individual variability in response to treatment is considerable, consensus guidelines for treating hyponatremic @entity1 allow a rational and safe therapeutic approach to minimize the neurologic complications.

title: Therapeutic approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system demyelination']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complication', 'neurologic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['tentorial herniation and death']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has been the gold standard for @entity354 ( @entity354 ), but the side effects of @entity1282 and bloating have lead to interest in partial fundoplication as an alternative. AIM: To compare the symptomatic and objective parameters after LNF and laparoscopic anterior partial fundoplication (LAPF) in @entity1 with @entity354 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Division of Minimal Access Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College from June 2008 to October 2016. @entity1 with @entity354 with high score on 24-hour pH monitoring were selected for surgery (LAPF) and were compared with our historical control of 25 @entity1 who underwent LNF. The preoperative and postoperative symptom score and objective parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 50 @entity354 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 underwent surgery (LAPF) and these were compared with 25 @entity1 who underwent LNF. Demester score, modified Visick grade decreased from 4.12, 3.23 in LNF; 4.35, 3.35 in LAPF to 0, 1 in both groups. There was significant and similar increase in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) length, intra-abdominal LES length, LES pressure. The 24-h pH) decreased from 10.18% and 8.08% to 0.85% and 1.09% in LNF and LAPF, respectively. At 1 year and 5 years of follow-up, symptom scores, manometric analysis, and pH metry evaluation remained to be improved in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS: LAPF is as effective as LNF for @entity354 , with less @entity1282 .

title: Laparoscopic Anterior Partial Fundoplication is Comparable With Nissen Fundoplication for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) when performed with or without the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody, abciximab. BACKGROUND: Abciximab improves the outcome of angioplasty but the effect of abciximab in primary angioplasty has not been investigated. METHODS: Data were collected from a computerized database. Follow-up was by telephone or review of outpatient or hospital readmission records. RESULTS: A total of 182 consecutive @entity1 were included; 103 received abciximab and 79 did not. The procedural success rate was 95% in the two groups. At 30-day follow-up, the composite event rate of @entity1459 , reinfarction, target vessel revascularization and death from all causes was 13.5% in the group of @entity1 who did not receive abciximab, 4% (p < 0.05) in the abciximab group and 2.4% (p < 0.05) in the subgroup of @entity1 (n = 87) who completed the 12-h abciximab infusion. At the end of follow-up (mean 7+/-4 months), the composite event rate was 32.4%, 17% (p < 0.05) and 13.1% (p < 0.01) in these three categories respectively. Abciximab bolus followed by a 12-h infusion was an independent predictor of event-free survival, in a Cox proportional hazards model (relative risk 0.49; 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.99; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Abciximab given at the time of primary angioplasty may improve the short- and medium-term outcome of @entity1 with acute @entity583 , especially when a 12-h infusion is completed.

title: Abciximab in primary coronary angioplasty for XXXX improves short- and medium-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To summary the procedure and experience of a novel surgical management for @entity4810 secondary to midline @entity1069 (MPC). METHODS: From February 2012 to February 2014, 12 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity35477 by semen analysis, seminal plasma biochemical analysis, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All @entity1 underwent the transurethral unroofing of MPC using resectoscope, the dilation of ejaculatory duct, and the irrigation of seminal vesicle using seminal vesiculoscope. All @entity1 were followed up at least 3  months after operation. RESULTS: Preoperative semen analyses of 12 @entity1 showed oligoasthenozoospermia (5/12) or @entity3893 (7/12), low semen volume (0-1.9  mL), and low pH level (5.5-7.0). Preoperative seminal plasma biochemical analyses showed reduced semen @entity948 . TURS and MRI revealed a @entity8 located in the midline of prostatic. After 3  months follow up, the semen quality of 80% @entity1 (4/5) with oligoasthenozoospermia improved obviously. The spermatozoa were present in the semen in 5 of 7 cases with @entity3893 . In one @entity1 , the spermatozoa occurred in the urine after ejaculation. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management using transurethral resectoscopy and seminal vesiculoscopy is effective, minimally invasive, and safe for @entity4810 secondary to MPC.

title: A novel surgical management for @entity4810 secondary to midline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cyst lesion']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatic cyst']


abstract: @entity42614 ( @entity35777 ) is the major active principle ( @entity3096 ) extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, a Chinese herbal medicine. In this paper, we investigated the effects of @entity35777 on @entity1545 through the inhibition of AIF-mediated apoptosis induced by transient focal @entity2806 in @entity35 . @entity35 were treated with @entity35777 for 7 d and then subjected to @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by a @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). After 2 h of @entity63 and 22 h of reperfusion, the @entity1188 volume and the @entity51 were determined by TTC staining and Longa's score. IN SITU end-labeling of nuclear DNA fragments (TUNEL) was employed to determine the degree of DNA fragmentation. @entity2125 content and PARP activity in brain homogenate were determined. The expression of AIF in the nucleus was analyzed by Western blot. The present study showed that @entity35777 significantly reduced the @entity1188 volume and ameliorated the @entity51 . An increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and a decrease in the @entity2125 level were also observed after 2 h of @entity63 and 22 h of reperfusion. At the same time, @entity35777 (50 and 75 mg kg (-1), i. g.) treatment reversed brain @entity2125 depletion and reduced DNA fragmentation. @entity35777 also inhibited PARP overactivation and AIF translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus following cerebral I/R. These findings suggested that the neuroprotective effects of @entity35777 on brain ischemic injury-induced apoptosis might be associated with inhibition of PARP-dependent @entity2383 and subsequent translocation of AIF.

title: Protective effects of @entity42614 against XXXX in @entity35 : evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity42614 :: ('MESH:C484876', 'Chemical') :: ['Scutellarin']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flaccid @entity912 is the result of many different causes presenting with a multitude of symptoms ranging from affecting only the efferent pathways up to involvement of both the afferent and efferent loops of the peripheral neuoromotor system. The peripheral distribution corresponds to the damage. OBJECTIVES: The functional limitations of flaccid @entity912 are the result of a permanent or progressive @entity425 and ensuing contractures, @entity85 which require compensatory and adaptive mechanisms from the @entity1 to cope with these impairments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Compensatory mechanisms are required for gait problems as well as for impaired standing, sitting ability and to optimize the use of the upper extremities. For setting therapeutic indications as well as for the treatment of the @entity1 the causes of the functional deficits and the compensatory efforts from the @entity1 must be considered. A list of the more common problems helps in this respect. RESULTS: Every treatment should be subdivided into preventive and therapeutic measures. Preventive options mostly consist of conservative methods while manifest @entity85 are usually treated by combined therapeutic approaches, i.e. surgical and conservative. The correct straightening of the leg axes and joints, balancing and support of the musculature by tendon transfers and bony stabilizations followed by appropriate orthotic devices are the essential therapeutic principles. CONCLUSION: The basis of any management of functional problems in flaccid @entity912 has to consider the pathomechanics of the primary @entity425 as well as the compensatory mechanisms which allow the @entity1 to achieve the functional goals. Neither surgery nor orthotic devices alone can fulfil the detailed requirements of a functional improvement. Instead a combination of both will succeed in most cases and is known as surgical-orthotic integration.

title: [Principles of orthopedic treatment of flaccid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities and instabilities']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['deformities and the weakness', 'muscular weakness']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ) is a very uncommon soft-tissue @entity5 of @entity1 and young adults. It has an aggressive course with generally poor survival. In general the assessment of @entity5 burden and response has relied upon CT or MRI. However these @entity5 are often metabolically active and can be evaluated using FDG PET/CT imaging. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic activity of @entity2269 using FDG PET/CT imaging and the potential utility of FDG PET/CT in this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 (seven male, one female; ages 2-20  years, median 11  years) with confirmed @entity2269 underwent 82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. PET/CT was used for initial staging (seven @entity1 , eight scans), monitoring response to therapy (eight @entity1 , 37 scans) and for surveillance of @entity2269 recurrence (six @entity1 , 37 scans). RESULTS: Each scan performed at diagnosis showed abnormally elevated uptake in the @entity5 . Five @entity1 had abdominal pelvic involvement, and two of those also had @entity1514 . Six @entity1 whose scans showed no abnormal sites of uptake at the end of therapy have had progression-free survivals of 2-10  years. One @entity1 whose scan continued to show uptake during treatment died of disease 1.3  years from diagnosis. Another @entity1 with persistent uptake remained in treatment 3  years after initial diagnosis. One surveillance scan identified recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT identified elevated metabolic activity in each @entity1 studied. Despite our small sample size, FDG PET/CT scans appear useful for the management of @entity1 with DSCRT. @entity1 whose studies become negative during or following treatment may have a prolonged remission.

title: FDG PET/CT imaging of XXXX : findings at staging, during treatment and at follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'desmoplastic small round cell tumors', 'DSRCT']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of @entity5144 joints involves cartilage degradation and @entity2070 formation. It is well known that @entity2070 influences the cartilage; however, the mechanism behind how the degrading cartilage interacts with @entity2070 is not well known. To investigate this interplay, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in @entity2070 and the degrading cartilage was analyzed. METHODS: Studies were performed using a @entity35 air pouch model where @entity2708 with viable or killed cartilage was implanted into 7-day-old pouches for 1-28 days. The remodeling of cartilage and the formation of tissue in the @entity2708 was characterized histologically by quantitation of infiltrated cells. The amounts of collagen, hyaluronan, and proteoglycan were estimated. RESULTS: Implantation of homologous femoral head cartilage in @entity2708 resulted in extensive remodeling of cartilage and formation of ECM in the @entity2708 . In @entity2708 without cartilage, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were the predominant cells in the early stage of analyses. The ECM formed in @entity2708 was of a fibrotic type, with mainly collagen and smaller amounts of proteoglycans correlating to the presence of myofibroblasts. In the @entity2708 with cartilage, however, inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes dominated. Delayed accumulation of collagen and increased synthesis of proteoglycans occurred early in @entity2708 with viable as well as non-viable cartilage. In later stages, the cell pattern changed and the myofibroblasts emerged together with an increasing collagen formation. CONCLUSION: The interaction between cartilage and the newly formed granulation tissue results in a faster degradation of cartilage molecules, which in turn leak into the surrounding ECM and affect the recruitment of myofibroblasts. This indicates the importance of the micromatrix.

title: Myofibroblast accumulation correlates with the formation of fibrotic tissue in a XXXX air pouch model.

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Understanding the causes and architecture of genetic differentiation between natural populations is of central importance in evolutionary biology. Crosses between natural populations can result in heterosis if recessive or nearly recessive deleterious mutations have become fixed within populations because of genetic drift. Divergence between populations can also result in outbreeding @entity308 because of genetic incompatibilities. The net @entity410 consequences of between-population crosses will be a balance between heterosis and outbreeding @entity308 . We estimated the magnitude of heterosis and outbreeding @entity308 in the highly selfing model plant @entity958 , by crossing replicate line pairs from two sets of natural populations (C   R, B   S) separated by similar geographic distances (Italy   Sweden). We examined the contribution of different modes of gene action to overall differences in estimates of lifetime @entity410 and @entity410 components using joint scaling tests with parental, reciprocal F1 and F2, and backcross lines. One of these population pairs (C   R) was previously demonstrated to be locally adapted, but locally maladaptive quantitative trait loci were also found, suggesting a role for genetic drift in shaping adaptive variation. We found markedly different @entity74 for @entity410 and @entity410 components in the two sets of populations. In one (C   R), there were consistently positive effects of dominance, indicating the masking of recessive or nearly recessive deleterious mutations that had become fixed by genetic drift. The other set (B   S) exhibited outbreeding @entity308 because of negative dominance effects. Additional studies are needed to explore the molecular genetic basis of heterosis and outbreeding @entity308 , and how their magnitudes vary across environments.

title: Heterosis and outbreeding @entity308 in crosses between natural populations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic architectures']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Although @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) is activated by treatment with therapeutic agents, the biologic sequelae of inhibiting constitutive activation of @entity4675 has not yet been clarified. In this study, we examine the biologic effect of @entity4675 inhibition in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) cell lines. @entity4675 -specific inhibitor @entity4287 induces growth inhibition via induction of G1 or G2/M arrest in @entity1 and @entity1582 .1S @entity1582 cell lines, respectively. Neither exogenous @entity650 nor @entity442 ( @entity442 ) overcome @entity4287 -induced growth inhibition, and @entity650 enhances @entity4287 -induced G2/M phase in @entity1582 .1S cells. Induction of growth arrest is mediated by upregulation of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), without alteration of @entity876 and @entity4675 protein expression. Importantly, @entity4287 inhibits growth of @entity1582 cells adherent to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). @entity4287 induces NF-kappaB activation in a dose-dependent fashion, associated with phosphorylation of @entity18159 ( @entity18159 ) and degradation of @entity4284 . In contrast, @entity4287 does not affect phosphorylation of @entity4104 , @entity584 , and/or @entity3963 . IKK-specific inhibitor @entity38308 inhibits @entity4287 -induced NF-kappaB activation and blocks the protective effect of @entity4287 against apoptosis. Our data therefore demonstrate for the first time that inhibiting @entity4675 activity induces growth arrest and activates NF-kappaB in @entity1582 cells.

title: Biologic sequelae of @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) activation in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity18159 :: ('1147', 'Gene') :: ['IkappaB kinase alpha', 'IKKalpha']

entities_list: @entity4675 :: ('5599', 'Gene') :: ['c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase', 'JNK']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']