abstract: @entity5 are the most common @entity5 in the gastrointestinal tract, and between 10% and 30% of these @entity5 are gastric in origin. Three types of @entity356 are recognized: type I, associated with chronic @entity4726 , associated with @entity3018 ; and type III, sporadic and the most malignant. We present a @entity1 with an aggressive, @entity356 that metastasized to the liver. Her symptomatic treatment included the @entity1943 analog octreotide. Octreotide scintigraphy demonstrated that this @entity5 avidly bound the peptide. The @entity1 's @entity356 (assessed by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound) regressed and she underwent hepatic artery embolization for her liver metastases. After initial partial CT resolution the @entity5 grew, compressing the inferior vena cava. The @entity1 underwent orthotopic liver transplant with excellent recovery, although she was subsequently found to have two small lung metastases. She has responded well to adjuvant @entity35850 receptor targeted therapy. This case highlights the therapeutic options for metastatic @entity5 , including liver transplantation and adjuvant receptor targeted therapy.

title: Multimodality treatment for XXXX tumor with liver metastases.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis type A; type II']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'Carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity35850 :: ('MESH:C094279', 'Chemical') :: ['Indium-111 octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoid tumors', 'gastric carcinoid', 'sporadic-type gastric carcinoid']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical performance of two self-etching adhesives of different pH values when used to restore non-retentive @entity75 . METHODS: 84 paired non-retentive class 5 restorations were originally placed in 21 subjects in need of 2, 4 or 6 restorations in incisors, @entity235 and premolars. The retention of the placed restorations relied on the two adhesives only, which were iBOND NG plus B (iB), now marketed as iBOND Self Etch, and Clearfil SE (CB). Lesions were restored with a micro-hybrid composite (Venus). Following a baseline evaluation, the subjects were recalled and evaluated after 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and 4 years. RESULTS: At the 4-year evaluation, 17 subjects remained who had originally received 66 restorations (33 of each adhesive). Eight of these 66 restorations had dropped out during the 4 years (4 iB and 4 CB) for different reasons. Two of the drop-outs (one iB and one CB) had @entity174 in the same @entity1 , leaving a large piece of the composite still bonded to the dentin. Two other drop outs (both material iB) were not available for evaluation because they had been crowned (one after endodontic treatment and one after cusp fracture), while the remaining drop-out iB restoration had debonded. Regarding material CB, except for the @entity174 and partly retained drop-out restoration, the remaining three drop-outs had debonded. Pair-wise comparison of the evaluated parameters using Fishers Exact Test revealed no statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences between the two materials.

title: Four-year clinical evaluation of two self-etching dentin adhesives of different pH values used to restore non-retentive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effects of endogenous @entity701 (F) excess on bone mass and @entity174 have still not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was to investigate factors influencing @entity79 and @entity174 in different conditions of F excess, i.e. @entity699 and adrenal and ectopic @entity699 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty consecutive @entity1 and 80 controls were prospectively enrolled: 37 @entity1 (21 females) with pituitary ACTH-secreting @entity652 , 18 (14 females) with @entity822 , 15 (11 females) with @entity4304 of mixed secretion, and 10 (three females) with ectopic ACTH secretion. The groups had similar age. At diagnosis, @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was determined by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry technique at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck; @entity174 were investigated by standard spinal radiographs. RESULTS: When comparing the groups with different etiology of F excess, the @entity1 with ectopic ACTH secretion had higher F and lower @entity79 values than the other subgroups. Morning F (P = 0.03) and @entity251 levels (P = 0.04) correlated with lumbar @entity79 . @entity174 were found in 61 (76%) of the @entity1 , were multiple in 52 (85%) of the cases, and clinically evident in 32 (52%). Only @entity174 were more frequent in @entity1 with ectopic ACTH hypersecretion (P < 0.05). Lumbar spine @entity79 was the best predictor of @entity174 (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, amenorrheic and eumenorrheic @entity1 had similar @entity79 values and @entity174 prevalence. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence (76%) of @entity174 was revealed, regardless of the etiology of the @entity1 ' @entity699 . The harmful effects of F excess at the spine were partly counterbalanced by the increased @entity342 production but were not affected by gonadal status in @entity1 .

title: @entity174 in endogenous XXXX excess: role of disease etiology and gonadal status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'multiple fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'bone demineralization', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity955 is prevalent in dialysis @entity1 . Both ischaemic and @entity548 are common in @entity1 on dialysis with @entity955 . In the general population, @entity1229 is highly effective for prophylaxis of @entity64 , and though @entity1229 use likely increases the risk of @entity932 , the absolute increase in risk is small. In the general population, absolute and relative increases in major extracranial @entity548 from @entity1229 use are also both modest. In @entity1 on dialysis, the effectiveness of @entity1229 as a prophylaxis for @entity64 and its effects on intracranial or extracranial @entity548 have not been assessed in randomized trials. Cohort studies vary greatly in their estimates of the magnitude of the increased risk of @entity548 from @entity1229 use. A single cohort study found rates of @entity932 in @entity1 on dialysis with @entity955 to be in an order of magnitude that is greater than those in the general population with @entity955 , and that @entity932 more than doubled in association with @entity1229 use. Basic, translational and limited clinical observations also implicate @entity1229 in the pathogenesis of @entity729 , which is likely on the causal pathway to @entity1 -important vascular outcomes. Finally, the effect of @entity1229 on @entity64 in three recent large observational studies has been in the direction of harm, no benefit, and modest, non-statistically significant benefit, respectively. We believe that no clear recommendation can be made between three alternative approaches. It is acceptable to withhold or discontinue @entity1229 in @entity1 on dialysis, to offer anticoagulants to all dialysis @entity1 without a contraindication whose @entity712 , @entity101 , age, @entity6 and previous @entity64 or transient ischaemic attack (CHADS(2)) score >1 or 2 and to discuss and individualize prophylaxis on a @entity1 -by- @entity1 basis. Randomized trials of new agents are needed in this area.

title: Should XXXX with advanced chronic kidney disease and @entity955 receive chronic anticoagulation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology of @entity11253 in severely injured @entity1 admitted to @entity130 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, with an Injury Severity Score > 12. METHODS: The Ontario @entity130 Registry was accessed to examine the epidemiology of @entity11253 in severely injured @entity1 treated at 12 @entity130 hospitals in the province of Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997. Data were collected prospectively, and a descriptive analysis was performed to determine the pattern of @entity11253 , including @entity1 age, sex distribution, etiology of injury, time of injury, and injury profile. RESULTS: There were 2,969 @entity1 that met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 25 years, and @entity1 were injured at a 3:1 ratio over @entity1 . Most severely injured @entity1 with maxillofacial @entity174 were injured as a result of @entity1957 (70%), with only 33% of the @entity1 restrained with a seat-belt. The temporal distribution of @entity130 showed that most @entity130 occurred during evening hours, on weekends, and in the summer. The largest number of @entity174 was found in the maxilla and orbital bones. The Injury Severity Score of the @entity1 in this study ranged from 13 to 75, with a median of 25. The injury most commonly associated with maxillofacial @entity174 was @entity542 . Of @entity1 with @entity542 and neck, most had an altered level of consciousness or @entity130 to the skull, brain, or cranial vessels. CONCLUSION: Many severely injured @entity1 have @entity11253 . Long-term collection of epidemiologic data regarding maxillofacial @entity174 is important for the evaluation of existing preventative measures and useful in the development of new methods of injury prevention. Furthermore, insight into the epidemiology of @entity174 and @entity130 is an integral component in evaluating the quality of @entity1 care, developing optimal treatment regimens, and making decisions regarding appropriate resource and manpower allocations.

title: Epidemiology of @entity11253 at XXXX hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial skeletal injuries', 'maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the head and neck area', 'injury to the head']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle collision']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant injuries', 'injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity3564 associated with hip arthroplasty, no consensus exists about the use of plate fixation or revision stem except for cases where the stem is loose in a young @entity1 and a revision is made. The aim of the present retrospective study was to compare two commonly used alternatives for treatment of the @entity174 --revision arthroplasty and plate fixation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity174 associated with @entity572 were treated with revision arthroplasty (N = 40) or compression plate fixation (N = 35). Twenty-one @entity174 were intraoperative and 54 were postoperative. In revision arthroplasty, cemented (N = 11) and porous-coated (N = 29) stems were sued. Autologous bone grafts were used in 15 revision arthroplasties and 20 plate fixations. The follow-up time was median 20 months (range 12-96 months). RESULTS: Bone grafting at the time of @entity174 treatment had no significant effect on @entity174 healing in the present setting. One @entity1 in both groups was operated secondarily because of @entity174 instability. Five nonunions in the former and 9 nonunions in the latter group were treated by repeated revision and bone graft. In two revision arthroplasties and nine cases with plate fixation, a secondary bone grafting operation was performed for delayed union. In all, 20 secondary operations were needed after prosthesis stem revision and 27 secondary operations after plate fixation (p = 0.014). The need for reoperations was similar in @entity174 at different levels of the femur. @entity174 healing was finally obtained in 39 revision arthroplasties and 34 cases with plate fixation during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Cases where the prosthesis stem is stable, where its removal would include great risks and, where the biomechanical conditions are optimal, are best treated with plate fixation. In cases where the stem is loose and where a choice is possible, stem revision is preferable to plate fixation.

title: Treatment of XXXX in association with @entity572 --a retrospective comparison between revision stem and plate fixation.

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fractures']


abstract: We report the cytogenetic findings on 31 cases of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). TPA stimulated cells from peripheral blood (28 cases), spleen (two cases) and lymph node (one case) with @entity1072 have been analysed. A @entity2008 was found in 27/31 @entity1 (87%); this was identified as a simple abnormality in 12 cases and a complex one in 15. Four recurring abnormalities were seen: t(11;14)(q13;q32) in five @entity1 , deletions or translocations involving 7q in seven @entity1 , iso 17q in four @entity1 and translocations involving 2p11 in four @entity1 . The high frequency of @entity2008 in @entity1072 contrasts with the usually benign clinical course of this disease. Abnormalities found frequently in @entity1 with @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) such as @entity17558 and deletions or translocations involving 13q14 were each seen in only one @entity1 . No case had the t(14;18) characteristic of @entity706 . Our findings demonstrate the high frequency of @entity2008 in @entity1072 . Although a unique chromosome rearrangement has not been identified, a pattern of four recurrent abnormalities has emerged. Our results suggest that @entity1072 is distinct on cytogenetic grounds from B- @entity6444 and @entity706 but shows similarity with @entity1073 , @entity706 and @entity1892 .

title: Cytogenetic studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['SLVL', 'splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal and often complex chromosome abnormalities', 'clonal chromosome abnormalities', 'clonal chromosome abnormality']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A UK trial ending in 2002 reported that a training intervention to improve the management of @entity28 in primary care had no impact. Process analysis showed that the intervention was taken up by very few of the practitioners in the participating practices. AIM: The aim of the current study was to explore both the reasons behind low levels of implementation and the context in which the trial was delivered. DESIGN: In-depth qualitative interviews. SETTING: General practices in the North East of England. METHOD: Interviews with 13 practitioners (GPs and practice nurses) and 10 @entity1 , representing seven of the eight intervention practices in the largest centre of the original trial. RESULTS: While @entity1 were clear that they had participated in a trial few of those interviewed had any recollection of the intervention. Most staff were positive about the training, resources to use with @entity1 and the weight management model, but not all training needs were met. High initial expectations of the trial gave way to disillusionment, exacerbated by significant misunderstanding by some practice staff of their role in implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Frustration among practitioners managing @entity28 in primary care combined with unrealistic expectations of and misunderstanding about an intervention designed to improve care in the field, appeared to have resulted in disillusionment with and consequent disengagement from the trial.

title: Conducting randomised controlled trials in primary care: lessons from an XXXX management trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We present a retrospective case series of 2 individuals with motor-incomplete @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) to examine differences in lifetime cost estimates before and after participation in an intensive locomotor training (LT) program. Sections of a @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) were used to determine the financial implications associated with equipment, home renovations, and transportation for @entity1 who receive LT. An @entity7027 is a viable method of quantifying outcomes following any therapeutic intervention. CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity7027 cases analyzed were a 61-year-old @entity1 and a 4  -year-old @entity1 with motor-incomplete @entity1566 and impairments classified by the American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale (AIS) as AIS D and AIS C, respectively. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 received an intensive outpatient LT program 3 to 5 days per week. The 61-year-old @entity1 received 198 sessions over 57 weeks and the 4  -year-old @entity1 received 76 sessions over 16 weeks. OUTCOMES: The equipment, home renovation, and transportation costs of an @entity7027 were calculated before and after LT. Prior to the implementation of LT, the 61-year-old @entity1 had estimated lifetime costs between  150,247.00 and  199,654.00. Following LT, the estimated costs decreased to between  2010.00 and  2446.00 (a decrease of  148,237.00 and  197,208.00). Similarly, the 4-year-old @entity1 had estimated lifetime costs for equipment, home renovation, and transportation between  535,050.00 and  771,665.00 prior to LT. However, the estimated costs decreased to between  97,260.00 and  200,047.00 (a decrease of  437,790.00 and  571,618.00) following LT. DISCUSSION: The lifetime financial costs associated with equipment, home renovations, and transportation following a motor-incomplete @entity1566 were decreased following an intensive LT program for the 2 cases presented in this article. The @entity7027 , including costs of rehabilitation and long-term medical and personal care costs, may be an effective tool to discern cost benefit of rehabilitation interventions.

title: Life care planning projections for individuals with motor incomplete XXXX before and after locomotor training intervention: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['life care plan', 'LCP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: AIMS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for cell therapy, particularly for the treatment of @entity299 . Mechanisms underlying control of their metabolism and proliferation capacity, critical elements for their survival and differentiation, have not been fully characterized. @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator known to metabolically protect cardiomyocytes against @entity130 and, more generally, to inhibit cell proliferation. We hypothesized that AMPK plays a role in control of MSC metabolism and proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS: MSCs isolated from @entity19 bone marrow exclusively expressed the AMPKa1 catalytic subunit. In contrast to cardiomyocytes, a chronic exposure of MSCs to @entity519 failed to induce cell death despite the absence of AMPK activation. This @entity519 tolerance was the consequence of a preference of MSC towards glycolytic metabolism independently of @entity26 availability and AMPK signalling. On the other hand, @entity48822 , a well-characterized AMPK activator, was able to induce a robust and sustained AMPK activation. We showed that @entity48822 -induced AMPK activation inhibited MSC proliferation. Proliferation was not arrested in MSCs derived from AMPKa1-knockout @entity19 , providing genetic evidence that AMPK is essential for this process. Among AMPK downstream targets proposed to regulate cell proliferation, we showed that neither the @entity35819 ribosomal S6 protein kinase/eukaryotic elongation factor 2-dependent protein synthesis pathway nor @entity5207 was involved, whereas @entity7919 expression was increased by @entity48822 . Silencing @entity7919 expression partially prevented the @entity48822 -dependent inhibition of MSC proliferation. CONCLUSION: MSCs resist @entity519 independently of AMPK whereas chronic AMPK activation inhibits MSC proliferation, @entity7919 being involved in this regulation.

title: Role of XXXX -activated protein kinase in regulating @entity519 survival and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injuries']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) affects about 0.5% to 2% of the population and predisposes @entity1 to aortic dilation and dissection. We hypothesized that aortic size and elastic properties are related to @entity4503 phenotype. In a retrospective study of 158 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4503 referred for echocardiography, the phenotype was defined as anterior-posterior (A-P) leaflet orientation or right-left (R-L) leaflet orientation. The 29 subjects with R-L @entity4503 were matched 1:1 for age, gender, and grade of @entity886 with 29 subjects with A-P @entity4503 . Aortic dimensions were measured at the sinuses of Valsalva, ascending aorta, and aortic arch. Distensibility and stiffness index were calculated using cuff blood pressure. Mean age was 41.5 years (range 21 to 67), and 59% were @entity1 . Aortic diameter was larger with A-P @entity4503 than R-L at the sinuses (mean +/- 1 SD 3.48 +/- 0.49 vs 3.06 +/- 0.59, p <0 .01) and smaller at the arch (2.34 +/- 0.40 vs 2.83 +/- 0.45, p <0.001). At the sinuses, A-P @entity4503 had a higher stiffness index (median 12.98, range 2.78 to 42.07 vs 6.41, range 2.75 to 59.72, p <0.01) and lower distensibility. Stiffness index in the ascending aorta and arch (but not at the sinus) increased with age. In conclusion, A-P @entity4503 is associated with a larger stiffer sinus of Valsalva and smaller arch diameter. The potential impact of @entity4503 phenotype and aortic elasticity on clinical outcomes merits further study.

title: Usefulness of bicuspid XXXX phenotype to predict elastic properties of the ascending aorta.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve dysfunction']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve']


abstract: Respiratory sinus @entity943 (RSA) is often quantified by computing the spectra of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) or of its reciprocal @entity299 ( @entity299 ) at the respiratory frequency. This study was undertaken to describe the effect of an acute beta-blockade achieved with @entity2179 on RSA, obtained during a calibrated breathing (breathing frequency 0.25 Hz, tidal volume VT 500 or 700 mL) in 15 normal volunteers, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over method. The two heart signals were computed and the RSA values were compared to the individual estimates of vagal tone obtained using an additional @entity3897 injection. The difference between the @entity299 (or @entity299 ) value obtained after beta-blockade and the @entity299 (or @entity299 ) value observed following the double blockade ( @entity2179 plus @entity3897 ) was taken as an index of cardiac vagal tone. @entity2179 administration resulted in a significant reduction in @entity299 reaching 60.3 +/- 1.4 bpm at VT of 500 mL (compared to 70.5 +/- 1.8 bpm with placebo, P < 0.001). Changes in @entity299 were also significant with an increase in @entity299 reaching 1004.5 +/- 22.2 msec at this controlled VT (compared to 860.3 +/- 21.5 msec with placebo, P < 0.001). Similar changes were observed at a VT of 700 mL. The relationship between RSA in bpm and vagal tone was not significant for @entity299 while a significant positive relationship was observed between RSA in msec and vagal tone for the two respiratory patterns (r = 0.65 for a tidal volume of 500 mL, P < 0.01, and r = 0.62 for 700 mL, P < 0.05). This demonstrates that the detection of the variability effect highly depends upon the unit. The parallelism between vagal tone and RSA supports the view that the HF component of HRV in msec quantifies the vagal tone. The increased RSA during beta-blockade could well reflect this vagotonic effect of this class of drugs.

title: Acute effects of XXXX on respiratory sinus @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'HP', 'heart rate', 'heart period']

answer: @entity2179 :: (MESH:D017298,Chemical) :: ['bisoprolol']


abstract: Some inflammatory stimuli trigger activation of the @entity6198 inflammasome by inducing efflux of cellular @entity972 . Loss of cellular @entity972 is known to potently suppress protein synthesis, leading us to test whether the inhibition of protein synthesis itself serves as an activating signal for the @entity6198 inflammasome. @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophages, either primed by @entity558 or unprimed, were exposed to a panel of inhibitors of ribosomal function: ricin, @entity1880 , @entity5808 , @entity6919 , and @entity11007 . Macrophages were also exposed to @entity6199 , @entity855 , @entity414 (MSU), and poly I:C. Synthesis of pro-IL-   and release of @entity5003   from cells in response to these agents was detected by immunoblotting and ELISA. Release of intracellular @entity972 was measured by mass spectrometry. Inhibition of translation by each of the tested translation inhibitors led to processing of @entity5003  , which was released from cells. Processing and release of @entity5003   was reduced or absent from cells deficient in @entity6198 , @entity34552 , or @entity13761 , demonstrating the role of the @entity6198 inflammasome. Despite the inability of these inhibitors to trigger efflux of intracellular @entity972 , the addition of high extracellular @entity972 suppressed activation of the @entity6198 inflammasome. MSU and double-stranded RNA, which are known to activate the @entity6198 inflammasome, also substantially inhibited protein translation, supporting a close association between inhibition of translation and inflammasome activation. These data demonstrate that translational inhibition itself constitutes a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism underlying @entity5003   dependent inflammatory signaling and that other physical, chemical, or pathogen-associated agents that impair translation may lead to @entity5003  -dependent @entity32 through activation of the @entity6198 inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through decreased cellular @entity972 , the application of high extracellular @entity972 restores protein translation and suppresses activation of the NLRP inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through mechanisms that do not involve loss of @entity972 , high extracellular @entity972 suppresses @entity5003   processing through a mechanism that remains undefined.

title: Suppression of ribosomal function triggers innate immune signaling through activation of the XXXX inflammasome.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6919 :: ('MESH:D010142', 'Chemical') :: ['pactamycin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity6199 :: ('MESH:D009550', 'Chemical') :: ['nigericin']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity6198 :: (216799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: RATIONALE: Available data suggest a complex role for the @entity75 in male @entity146 ; however, the results so far obtained in animals with either @entity17234 or @entity17234 antagonists are conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To define the better influence of @entity17234 on male @entity146 by studying, in @entity19 , (i) the effect of @entity17234 and of the chimeric @entity17234 peptide M40 on the copulatory performance, and (ii) @entity17234 mRNA levels in hypothalamic arcuate and dorso-medial nuclei. METHODS: For the behavioral testing, only sexually sluggish male @entity19 were used. @entity17234 mRNA levels were studied in both sexually potent and impotent @entity19 by means of in situ hybridization. Standard behavioral parameters for @entity146 were recorded or calculated. Synthetic @entity17234 (0.05, 0.1 or 1 microg/ @entity19 ) and M40 (5 or 20 microg/ @entity19 ) were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected, 15 min before the copulatory test. @entity17234 mRNA levels were evaluated. RESULTS: In sexually sluggish male @entity19 , both @entity17234 (0.1 and 1 microg/ @entity19 ICV) and M40 (20 microg/ @entity19 ICV), significantly increased intromission frequency and ejaculation latency; M40 also improved copulatory efficacy. On the other hand, in the hypothalamic arcuate and dorso-medial nuclei, the levels of @entity17234 mRNA were not significantly different in sexually potent and impotent male @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results show that in sexually sluggish male @entity19 the ICV injection of either @entity17234 or the chimeric analogue M40 greatly prolongs the duration of the copulation; without a reduction of the sexual drive or of the copulatory performance. On the other hand, the hybridization experiments seem to rule out an important physiological role of the @entity75 in the regulation of male @entity146 , at least in @entity19 .

title: Pharmacological manipulation of @entity75 and XXXX in male @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain galaninergic system']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the local incidences of @entity3041 and @entity8 in the presence of severe @entity3577 , and determine whether treatment by surgery or ring pessary resulted in the resolution of @entity3041 in these @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective case study of 121 @entity1 who presented with severe @entity3577 . All @entity1 who had fourth degree @entity3577 , and underwent renal ultrasonography and renal function blood tests were included in the study. Follow-up imaging for @entity3041 was performed to determine the outcome after @entity1 received treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 66.1 years. The overall incidence of @entity3041 was 20.6%. The incidence of @entity3041 in @entity1 with severe vault prolapse was 7.1%, while that in @entity1 with severe @entity3134 was 22.4%. Of the 25 @entity1 with @entity3041 , 16 (64.0%) had complete resolution of @entity3041 after treatment, 5 (20.0%) had residual but smaller degrees of @entity3041 , and 4 (16.0%) were lost to follow-up. The incidence of @entity8 was 3.3%. CONCLUSION: The local incidence of @entity3041 in @entity1 with severe @entity3577 was 20.6% in our study. We established that 3.3% of @entity1 with severe @entity3577 had mild @entity8 . Treatment by vaginal surgery for severe @entity3577 appears to result in either complete resolution or improvement of @entity3041 in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Incidence of @entity3041 in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['uterovaginal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['uterovaginal or vault prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['uterovaginal or vault prolapse']


abstract: In previous studies we found that @entity840 demonstrate an increase in airway reactivity and eosinophil numbers 4 days after a @entity1729 with @entity15609 -3 (PI3) virus. Clinical data support the possible involvement of eosinophils in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Eotaxin, a newly discovered chemokine, could be involved in eosinophil migration to the airways. In this study, eosinophil numbers were counted in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and related with eotaxin concentrations in BAL fluid 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after intratracheal PI3 virus administration. On day 1, blood eosinophils increased by more than 200% (P < 0.01). The number of eosinophils were only slightly enhanced from day 2 to day 4 (40%-70%). BAL fluid eosinophils were not increased on day 1 but were significantly elevated on day 2 (180%) and remained high on days 3-4 (>300%, P < 0. 05). This increase in lung eosinophils correlated well with eotaxin levels measured in BAL fluid. There was no significant increase in eotaxin on day 1 following PI3 @entity281 ; however, on days 2-4 eotaxin levels in BAL fluid were significantly elevated (four-sixfold increase) when compared with medium inoculated controls. Eotaxin appears to play an important role in eosinophil accumulation in @entity840 lung following PI3 @entity281 .

title: Eotaxin levels and eosinophils in XXXX broncho-alveolar lavage fluid are increased at the onset of a viral @entity1729 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) are the best tool to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical interventions. The Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was introduced in 1996 to improve reporting of @entity23 . We aimed to determine the extent of ambiguity and reporting quality as assessed by adherence to the CONSORT statement in published reports of @entity23 involving @entity1 with @entity978 from 1966 through 2002. METHODS: We analyzed 242 published full-text reports of @entity23 in @entity1 with @entity978 . Quality of reporting was assessed using a 14-item questionnaire based on the CONSORT checklist. Reporting was studied in two pre-CONSORT periods (1966-1988 and 1989-1995) and one post-CONSORT period (1996-2002). RESULTS: Only six of the 14 items were addressed in 75% or more of the studies in all three time periods. Most items that are necessary to assess the methodologic quality of a study were reported by fewer than 20% of the studies. Improvements over time were seen for some items, including the description of statistics methods used, reporting of primary research outcomes, performance of power calculations, method of randomization and concealment allocation, and having performed intention-to-treat analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent improvements, reporting levels of CONSORT items in @entity23 involving @entity1 with @entity978 remain unsatisfactory. Further concerted action by journal editors, learned societies, and medical schools is necessary to make authors even more aware of the need to improve the reporting @entity23 in medical journals to allow assessment of validity of published clinical research.

title: Reporting of randomized controlled trials in XXXX in biomedical journals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'Randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity14 @entity1 ' mortality is largely influenced by spreading of @entity5 cells from the primary @entity5 site and subsequent @entity3 formation. @entity1759 is an adhesion molecule and represents a highly variable family of isoforms. The isoform CD44v6 has been associated with metastatic spread and poor prognosis in animal models and several @entity1 @entity5 . Results of immunohistological studies in primary @entity14 are mostly retrospective and contradictory. The aim of our prospective study was to assess the controversial role of CD44v6 as a prognostic factor in @entity14 . METHODS: In 93 @entity1 we analysed @entity5 CD44v6 expression in prospectively sampled stage I-IV @entity14 using RT-PCR and Southern blotting. The prognostic value of the CD44v6 expression was assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: CD44v6 expression was found in 47 % of the cases. CD44v6 expression failed to show any association with the clinical or histological variables examined. CD44v6 expression did not correlate with survival in long-term follow-up. The most important prognostic factor in this cohort was @entity5 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in CD446 expression level do not predict @entity5 spread or @entity1 survival in @entity14 .

title: Expression of CD44v6 has no prognostic value in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of proliferative @entity3458 ( @entity51254 ). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study over 20 years. @entity1 : Newborn screening of 100000 consecutive deliveries from 1973 to 1981 identified 315 @entity1 with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and 201 with @entity70 . By the age of 5 years, 307 SS @entity1 and 166 SC @entity1 were alive and living in Jamaica and were recruited for this ophthalmic study. METHODS: Description of retinal vascular changes on annual angiography and angioscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prevalence of @entity51254 and its behavior on follow-up. Progression of @entity51254 was investigated using the number of eyes affected (none, one, both) and the interval until @entity51254 onset. RESULTS: At last review in January 2000, @entity51254 had developed in 59 @entity1 (14 SS, 45 SC), unilaterally in 36 @entity1 and bilaterally in 23. Incidence increased with age in both genotypes, with crude annual incidence rates of 0.5 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.8) per 100 SS subjects and 2.5 cases (95% CI, 1.9-3.3) per 100 SC subjects. Prevalence was greater in @entity70 , and by the ages of 24 to 26 years, @entity51254 had occurred in 43% subjects with @entity70 and in 14% subjects with @entity66 . @entity1 with unilateral @entity51254 had a 16% (11% SS, 17% SC) probability of regressing to no @entity51254 and a 14% (16% SS, 13% SC) probability of progressing to bilateral @entity51254 . Those with bilateral @entity51254 had an 8% (8% SS, 8% SC) probability of regressing to unilateral @entity51254 and a 1% (0 SS, 2% SC) probability of regressing to a @entity51254 -free state. Irretrievable @entity227 occurred in only 1 of 82 @entity51254 -affected eyes, and 1 required detachment surgery and recovered normal visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal observations over 20 years in a cohort of @entity1 followed from birth confirms a greater incidence and severity of @entity51254 in @entity70 , and shows that spontaneous regression occurred in 32% of @entity51254 -affected eyes. Permanent @entity227 was uncommon in subjects observed up to the age of 26 years.

title: Incidence and natural history of proliferative XXXX : observations from a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SS disease']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity70 :: ('MESH:D006445', 'Disease') :: ['SC disease', 'SS-hemoglobin C (SC) disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) has not been established. Estimates suggest that @entity566 affect 15% to 20% of the worldwide population, yet most epidemiological studies encompass nasal and @entity1109 and have not been specific to @entity56 . The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of @entity1109 , co-morbidities, and their impact on adolescents. METHODS: Adolescents were selected from a sample of schools, and completed in classrooms a previously validated questionnaire on symptoms of @entity56 . @entity56 diagnosis was considered when more than three episodes of ocular itching were reported in the past 12 months. Related symptoms such as @entity937 , @entity3917 , @entity1109 , impact on daily activities, and diagnosis of @entity56 were analyzed. RESULTS: Questionnaires were obtained from 3,120 adolescents (mean age 13.3  1.1 years). Ocular itching in the past 12 months occurred in 1,592 (51%). The most frequently associated symptom was @entity937 (74%), followed by @entity3917 (50.1%) and @entity1109 (37.1%). The prevalence of @entity56 was 20.7%, affecting more females than males (56.1% versus 45.9%; p= 0.01). The risks of an adolescent with @entity566 to present @entity565 , @entity2490 , and @entity483 were (OR= 5.7; 95% CI: 4.5 to 7.1), (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 3.0 to 4.3), and (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 2.0 to 3.5), respectively. Severe interference in daily activities was reported by 30.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of @entity566 are common, frequently associated to other @entity56 , and impact the daily activities of adolescents.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and co-morbidities in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['ocular allergy', 'ocular allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation', 'ocular allergy symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'allergic conjunctivitis', 'allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['ocular allergy']


abstract: Autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with @entity2101 ( @entity2101 , 200 mg/m2) is the most effective therapy for multiple @entity1582 . To determine the feasibility of combining @entity3600 (300 mg/m2) with @entity2101 , we enrolled 49 @entity1 with previously treated @entity34 (32M/17W, median age 53) on a phase I/II trial involving escalating doses of melphalan (160, 180, 200 mg/m2). The median @entity2262 was 2.5 (0-9.3); marrow karyotypes were normal in 88%. The phase I dose-limiting @entity137 was > or =grade 2 @entity358 2 months post- @entity8 . Other endpoints were response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity2101 was safely escalated to 200 mg/m2; treatment-related mortality was 2% and > or =grade 2 @entity358 10%. The complete (CR) and near complete ( @entity14078 ) response rate was 49%. With a median post- @entity8 follow-up of 2.9 years, the PFS and overall survival (OS) post- @entity8 were 2.3 and 4.7 years. PFS for those with CR or @entity14078 was 3.1 years while for those with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) it was 1.3 years (P=0.06). We conclude that @entity3600 can be combined with @entity2101 for @entity1582 with minimal @entity358 and a high response rate.

title: Results of a phase I/II trial adding @entity3600 (300 mg/m2) to melphalan (200 mg/m2) in multiple XXXX @entity1 undergoing autologous @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'high-dose melphalan']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Durie-Salmon stage II/III myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Population-based @entity1 materials have not been used earlier in assessing the effects of neurosurgical treatment on survival and functional outcome of @entity510 . Moreover, the proportion of all @entity510 @entity1 who might be candidates for neurosurgical treatment has not been estimated. METHODS: We compared the survival and functional outcome of two population-based @entity1 materials from Central Finland in 1976 through 1978 (n = 146) and 1980 through 1987 (n = 351). The most important basic characteristics of both materials were similar. In the 1970s, only @entity1 aged < 60 years with carotid territory @entity439 were operated on after an interval of 2 weeks from the @entity548 . In the 1980s, early surgery was attempted, and the other exclusion criteria were abandoned. Allocation to medical or surgical treatment was not randomized. RESULTS: During the 1970s, only 14% of the @entity1 had surgical treatment, with a median delay of 15 days after the @entity548 ; in the 1980s, the corresponding figures were 46% and 4 days. Despite these fundamental changes in the treatment policy, the survival up to 3 years in the 1980s was only marginally improved compared with the 1970s. Conversely, the functional outcome at 4 years after the @entity548 was significantly better in the 1980s than the 1970s, with 82% and 64% of the survivors, respectively, being independent in the activities of daily living (P = .002). We estimated that 60% of all @entity1 with @entity510 might be candidates for neurosurgical treatment, provided that there are no delays in admission or evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: An active treatment policy of @entity510 including early surgery only marginally improves survival, but the quality of life of the survivors is significantly better. Only 60% of all @entity1 in the population with @entity510 can, at least theoretically, benefit from surgical treatment.

title: Impact of early surgery on outcome after XXXX . A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: Activation and expansion in culture with @entity5041 of peripheral blood (PB) and/or bone marrow (BM) specimens derived from @entity1 with @entity981 and @entity3052 , with active disease (AP) and in remission were studied ( @entity6391 ). Baseline NK cytolytic activity from AP was found to be depressed, whereas @entity6391 -derived cells had normal NK activity, as assayed against K562 targets. Culture in @entity5041 significantly enhanced the NK activity of both AP- and @entity6391 -derived cells and generated LAK activity, as assayed by 4-hour 51Cr release, against NK-resistant Raji cell line and against fresh, allogeneic, and @entity5 cells. Lytic activity against fresh, cryopreserved @entity1778 blasts was of lower than that found against cell lines. In three @entity1 higher lytic activity against autologous than against allogeneic blasts was demonstrated. Expansion in culture with @entity5041 varied from twofold to 120-fold. @entity5041 activation and expansion was better in @entity6391 than in AP. The predominant phenotype of activated cells, as determined by flow cytometry, was [mean % (SD)]: CD3- = 54 (12), @entity405 + = 55 (17), and NKH1+ = 26 (7). The consistently high level of @entity405 + cells was accompanied by very low levels of @entity404 + cells: mean = 11% (14). Double-marker analysis showed mean of 33% (10) for CD3+/NKH1+ cells and mean = 32 (11) for @entity405 +/NKH1+ cells, implying that these populations were overlapping. Kinetics of expression of cell surface markers during 2 to 3 weeks in culture showed that @entity405 + and NKH1+ enrichment occurred during the first week and lasted for up to 4 weeks, whereas @entity404 + expression decreased after the second week. A significant decrease in the expression of @entity5041 receptors (CD25) was observed from the second week of culture. This study shows the feasibility of in vitro generation of killer cells from PB and BM of pediatric @entity1778 @entity1 .

title: Interleukin-2 induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of XXXX @entity1 : II. Feasibility of LAK generation in @entity1 with active disease and in remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autologous tumor']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: The effects of operative @entity130 and @entity3883 on systemic immunity were studied in a @entity35 model, using the @entity56 response to @entity18580 as a measure of systemic immune responsiveness. Midline laparotomy caused a significant decrease in the mean(s.e.m.) @entity56 response 1 week after operation (4.6(1.3) versus 19.0(2.2) per cent for controls). The response returned to control levels by 2 weeks (14.6(3.1) per cent). Common bile duct ligation and division resulted in a significantly depressed @entity56 response at 2 and 3 weeks (6.8(2.0) and 8.4(1.6) per cent respectively). The expected decrease in the response at 1 week in these animals was not observed (mean(s.e.m.) 12.7(2.7) per cent), suggesting a possible role for the normal liver in the induction of postoperative immune @entity308 . Impaired function of the reticuloendothelial system was induced in @entity1087 animals by Kupffer cell ablation following intraportal infusion of lambda-carrageenan. A similar prevention of postoperative immune @entity6306 was observed (mean(s.e.m.) 10.4(1.0) versus 10.4(1.6) per cent for controls). Hepatic Kupffer cells play an important role in the induction of postoperative immune @entity308 .

title: Postoperative immunological function and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['non-jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity18580 :: ('CHEBI:53049', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: The nude @entity19 graft model for testing the hair-forming ability of selected cell populations has considerable potential for providing insights into factors that are important for hair follicle development and proper hair formation. We have developed a minimal component system consisting of immature hair follicle buds from newborn pigmented C57BL/6 @entity19 and adenovirus E1A-immortalized @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cells. Hair follicle buds contribute to formation of hairless skin when grafted alone or with @entity19 cells, but produce densely haired skin when grafted with a fresh dermal cell preparation. The fresh dermal cell preparation represents the single cell fraction after hair follicles have been removed from a collagenase digest of newborn @entity19 dermis. It provides @entity1829 cells, fibroblasts, and possibly other important growth factor-producing cell types. @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cells supported dense hair growth at early passage in culture but progressively lost this potential during repeated passage in culture. Of 19 E1A-immortalized, clonally derived @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cell lines, the four most positive clones supported hair growth to the extent of approximately 200 to 300 hairs per 1-2 cm2 graft area. The remaining clones were moderately positive (five clones), weakly positive (three clones), or negative (seven clones). @entity19 cells prevented contraction of the graft area but did not appear to affect the number of hairs in the graft site produced by @entity1829 cells plus hair follicle buds alone. The relatively low hair density (estimated 1-5% of normal) resulting from grafts of hair follicle buds with the most positive of the immortalized @entity1829 cell clones compared to fresh dermal cells suggests that optimal reconstitution of hair growth requires some function of @entity1829 cells partially lost during the immortalization process and possibly the contribution of other cell types present in the fresh dermal cell preparation, which is not supplied by the @entity19 cells. The current graft system, comprising hair follicle buds and immortalized @entity1829 cell clones, provides an assay for positive or negative influences on hair growth exerted by added selected cell types, growth factors, or other substances. Characterization of the phenotype of the @entity1829 cell lines, which differ in their ability to support hair growth when grafted with hair follicle buds, may provide insight into specific @entity1829 cell properties important for their function in this system.

title: In vivo regulation of @entity19 hair growth: insights from grafting defined cell populations onto XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papilla']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: In developing countries nutritional deficit during prenatal and continuing in post-natal life is very common. This condition leads to stunting and important metabolic changes. Over 30% of @entity1 in the world are stunted. The metabolic resultants of nutritional deficit during growth are classically known to aim at energy conservation. This review summarizes data from Brazil, a developing country undergoing the double burden of @entity28 and @entity3147 , especially among the poor, and suggests that stunting or chronic @entity3147 increases the risk of @entity28 and @entity101 later in life. Around 60 million @entity1 are under the poverty line in Brazil. In S  o Paulo, the richest city of the country, 20% of the population live in slums and in Macei  , the capital of one of the poorest states, this percentage reaches 50%. Undernutrition in this population is around 20% among @entity1 , with high frequency of @entity281 , @entity417 , and parasitic @entity277 , associated with poor sanitation. Among stunted adolescents, we found a high prevalence of @entity101 (21%) that is a considerably higher estimate compared to non-stunted adolescents (less than 10%). The prevalence of @entity101 in undernourished pre-school @entity1 , or in those who recovered from @entity3147 , was higher than that in controls (29%, 20% and 2%, respectively, P < 0.001). Among stunted adults eating no more than 66% of the requirements (adjusted for stature), overweight/ @entity28 was 35% in @entity1 and 25% in @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity101 was 44% among stunted @entity1 and 18% among stunted @entity1 . Fifty per cent of stunted and @entity28 @entity1 had @entity101 . These data reinforce the important association between @entity3147 and @entity101 from childhood through adulthood. Health policies for preventing and combating childhood @entity3147 should have an impact on the morbidity and mortality related to @entity101 during adulthood.

title: Association between chronic XXXX and @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['undernutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['undernutrition']


abstract: The arrhythmogenic mechanism in @entity235 with @entity1371 was investigated in relation to the effects of an alpha 1-blocking agent and a beta-blocking agent. @entity1371 was induced by inserting an ion-exchange resin into the colon. In the @entity1371 group, nine out of 17 @entity235 with @entity943 ratios of over 10% (that is the percentage of the number of @entity1540 divided by the total number of heart beats during 5 min, after 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1425 injection) were observed. In the control group (n = 13), which maintained normal serum K+ levels, only one @entity235 showed an @entity943 ratio of over 10%. @entity235 with lower serum K+ levels showed higher @entity943 ratios. The @entity141 content of heart mitochondria, considered to be a reflection of intracellular @entity141 concentration, was 24.4 +/- 5.7 nmoles/mg protein in the control group 5 min after epinephrine injection, while that of the @entity1371 group was increased to 35.0 +/- 13.4. A good reciprocal correlation between the concentration of serum K+ just before epinephrine injection and mitochondrial @entity141 content was observed in the @entity1371 group (r = -0.79), while in the control group, no correlation was observed. Clear correlation between mitochondrial @entity141 content and the @entity943 ratio was also observed in the @entity1169 group. Pretreatment with @entity10820 , an alpha 1-"blocker," effectively prevented the increase in mitochondrial @entity141 content, and reduced the @entity943 ratio. On the other hand, pretreatment with @entity1169 , a beta-"blocker," did not affect the mitochondrial @entity141 content and the @entity943 ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity10820 and XXXX on @entity943 in @entity235 with @entity1371 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted procedure with laparoscopic surgery for @entity356 . METHODS: The clinical data of @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy in the Department of General Surgery in the Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College from January 2009 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 97 @entity1 undergoing robotic gastrectomy(ROB group) and 70 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy ( @entity3813 group). The following parameters were compared between these two groups: intraoperative factors, oncologic outcomes, and short-term surgical outcomes. RESULTS: All the operations were performed successfully without conversion. Compared with the @entity3813 group, the ROB group had less intraoperative @entity190 [(80.8  53.1) vs. (153.7  26.4) ml, P=0.001], more number of lymph node dissection [(23.1  5.4) vs. (20.0  4.3), P=0.001], longer operative time [(272.3  46.1) vs. (240.3  89.1) min, P=0.001], earlier semifluid diet time [(3.2  0.8) vs. (3.6  1.2) d, P=0.002], shorter postoperative hospital stay [(6.1  2.6) vs. (6.9  2.3) d, P=0.037]. There were no significant differences in the length of distal and proximal margin, postoperative ambulation time, ventilation time and @entity260 (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The robotic gastrectomy is safe and feasible for @entity356 . It has many advantages such as less @entity190 , more number of lymph node dissection and quicker recovery. Similar radical resection can be achieved compared to laparoscopic gastrectomy.

title: [Comparative study on clinical efficacy of robot-assisted and laparoscopic gastrectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Connatal @entity55 caused by @entity883 ( @entity883 ) @entity281 may be associated with surfactant dysfunction. We investigated the effects of surfactant treatment in term and preterm neonates with @entity883 and @entity1576 , in comparison with corresponding data from a control population of noninfected @entity1 treated with surfactant for @entity649 ( @entity649 ). DESIGN/METHODS: The study comprised 118 @entity1 with @entity1576 , clinical and/or laboratory signs of @entity697 , and @entity883 proven by culture results. They were recruited retrospectively from a database of @entity1 treated with surfactant at 28 neonatology units participating in European multicenter trials (1987-1993) and prospectively from the same units in the following years. A nonrandomized control group of 236 noninfected @entity1 was selected from the same database. The primary parameters evaluated were @entity26 requirement, ventilator settings, and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Median birth weight in the @entity883 study group was 1468 g (25th-75th percentiles: 1015-2170), and median gestational age was 30 (27-33) weeks. Thirty-one percent of the @entity1 weighed >2000 g. Median age at surfactant treatment was 6 hours. The mean initial surfactant dose was 142 mg/kg (standard deviation: 53). Ninety of the @entity1 were treated with Curosurf (Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy), 13 with Survanta (Abboth GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), 12 with Alveofact (Dr Karl Thomae GmbH, Biberach, Germany), and 3 with Exosurf (Wellcome GmbH, Burgwedel, Germany). Within 1 hour of surfactant treatment, median fraction of inspiratory @entity26 was reduced from .84 (25th-75th percentiles:.63-1.0) to.50 (.35-.80). The incidence of complications in the study group (mortality: 30%; pneumothorax: 16%; @entity932 : 42%) was high, compared with @entity1 with @entity649 . CONCLUSIONS: Surfactant therapy improves gas exchange in the majority of @entity1 with @entity883 . The response to surfactant is slower than in @entity1 with @entity649 , and repeated surfactant doses are often needed. The mortality and morbidity are substantial, considering the relatively high mean birth weight of the treated @entity1 .

title: Surfactant treatment of neonates with XXXX and group B @entity883 . Members of the Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['group B streptococcal', 'GBS pneumonia', 'GBS infection', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several parenteral anesthetics in @entity11061 ( @entity11061 ). Thirty-one animals were administered one or more of the following drugs by injection into the hemolymph (i.v.) through an arthrodial membrane: @entity4671 , @entity3652 , @entity3303 , @entity4485 , @entity1875 , @entity25170 - @entity25171 , @entity4763 , and @entity3652 - @entity4763 . A subset of crabs received intracardiac @entity3652 . @entity4671 had no effect. @entity3303 effects were ultrashort (<3 min). Pentobarbital had prolonged inductions (2 min) and often caused violent excitement and poor @entity590 . @entity1875 induced light @entity590 accompanied by distress and @entity4218 . Inductions with @entity3652 , @entity4763 , @entity25170 - @entity25171 , and @entity3652 - @entity4763 were usually fast (<60 sec). Their anesthetic effects were generally very short (5-10 min) but predictable, smooth, and with @entity121 . The latter two protocols induced a deep plane of @entity590 more consistently but also more significant @entity1168 . Intracardiac @entity3652 injection was fatal in four of five crabs. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocols were considered unsuitable for prolonged @entity590 . However, if very short-term @entity590 is desired, then @entity25170 - @entity25171 or @entity3652 - @entity4763 is recommended. Further studies are indicated to identify a safe anesthetic protocol of longer duration in @entity11061 as well as in other crab species.

title: Evaluation of parenteral drugs for XXXX in the @entity11061 ( @entity11061 ).

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['good muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity11061 :: ('6763', 'Species') :: ['C. sapidus', 'Callinectes sapidus', 'blue crabs']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb autotomy']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity25170 :: ('MESH:D013992', 'Chemical') :: ['tiletamine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity25171 :: ('MESH:D015041', 'Chemical') :: ['zolazepam']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity590 :: (MESH:D008305,Disease) :: ['anesthesia']


abstract: Tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion is one of the most frequently performed procedures in otolaryngology. @entity2972 , @entity14360 , retraction, perforation, and @entity3540 are complications reported in the literature after its application. AIM: To determine the incidence and the type of TT insertion sequelae/complications in @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity2172 and @entity102 media with effusion undergoing myringotomy and tube placement. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 75 @entity1 (150 ears) aged 11 months to 10 years were regularly followed up for up to 38 months after TT insertion. RESULTS: Incidence of sequelae/complications: @entity2972 --47.3% of the ears; perforation--2.1%; retractions--39.7%; @entity14360 --23.3%. Average length of stay: 12.13 months. Mean age at initial tube placement of @entity1 not requiring a second set of tubes = 35.9 months and mean age at initial tube insertion of @entity1 requiring an additional set of tubes = 25.6 months (P = 0.04). TT stayed longer in the ears that had more episodes of @entity2972 (P = 0.01). TT insertion with adenoidectomy was associated with a smaller number of @entity2972 episodes (P = 0.02) CONCLUSIONS: @entity2972 was the most frequently found complication. TT placement with adenoidectomy was associated with fewer @entity2972 episodes. TT extruded later in those ears that had more episodes of @entity2972 . Younger age at the time of the initial tube placement is associated with higher incidence of additional tube placement. One in six @entity1 will probably require a second set of ventilation tubes.

title: Tympanostomy tube sequelae in XXXX with @entity2172 with effusion: a three-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2972 :: ('MESH:D002558', 'Disease') :: ['Otorrhea', 'otorrhea']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['tympanosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Short-term outcome studies of antipsychotic dose-reduction/discontinuation strategies in @entity1 with remitted first-episode @entity716 (FEP) showed higher relapse rates but no other disadvantages compared with @entity34 ; however, long-term effects on recovery have not been studied before. OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of recovery in @entity1 with remitted FEP after 7 years of follow-up of a dose reduction/discontinuation (DR) vs @entity34 ( @entity34 ) trial. DESIGN: Seven-year follow-up of a 2-year open randomized clinical trial comparing @entity34 and DR. SETTING: One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 participating in the original trial were recruited from 257 @entity1 with FEP referred from October 2001 to December 2002 to 7 mental health care services in a 3.2 million-population catchment area. Of these, 111 @entity1 refused to participate and 18 @entity1 did not experience remission. @entity1 After 7 years, 103 @entity1 (80.5%) of 128 @entity1 who were included in the original trial were located and consented to follow-up assessment. INTERVENTION: After 6 months of remission, @entity1 were randomly assigned to DR strategy or @entity34 for 18 months. After the trial, treatment was at the discretion of the clinician. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was rate of recovery, defined as meeting the criteria of symptomatic and functional remission. Determinants of recovery were examined using logistic regression analysis; the treatment strategy ( @entity34 or DR) was controlled for baseline parameters. RESULTS: The DR @entity1 experienced twice the recovery rate of the @entity34 @entity1 (40.4% vs 17.6%). Logistic regression showed an odds ratio of 3.49 (P = .01). Better DR recovery rates were related to higher functional remission rates in the DR group but were not related to symptomatic remission rates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Dose reduction/discontinuation of antipsychotics during the early stages of remitted FEP shows superior long-term recovery rates compared with the rates achieved with @entity34 . To our knowledge, this is the first study showing long-term gains of an early-course DR strategy in @entity1 with remitted FEP. Additional studies are necessary before these results are incorporated into general practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN16228411.

title: Recovery in remitted first-episode XXXX at 7 years of follow-up of an early dose reduction/discontinuation or @entity34 strategy: long-term follow-up of a 2-year randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'maintenance treatment']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility and preliminary outcomes associated with sequential @entity12512 ( @entity12512 ) as consolidative treatment following comprehensive surgery and systemic chemotherapy for advanced @entity1204 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 treated at our institution from 2000 to 2011. Inclusion criteria were stage III-IV @entity1204 @entity1 with histological proof of one or more sites of extra-uterine abdomen-confined disease, treated with @entity12512 as part of multimodal therapy. Endpoints were feasibility, acute @entity137 , late effects, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Twenty @entity1 were identified. Chemotherapy consisted of 3 to 6 cycles of a @entity902 -paclitaxel regimen in 18 @entity1 . @entity12512 was delivered using conventional technique to a median total dose of 27.5 Gy. RESULTS: No grade 4 @entity137 occurred during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. No radiation dose reduction was necessary. Three @entity1 developed @entity1744 , all in the context of recurrent intraperitoneal disease. Kaplan-Meier estimates and 95% confidence intervals for @entity1349 and @entity1349 at one year were 63% (38-80%) and 83% (56-94%) and at 3 years 57% (33-76%) and 62% (34-81%), respectively. On univariate Cox analysis, stage IVB and serous papillary (SP) histology were found to be statistically significantly (at the p = 0.05 level) associated with worse @entity1349 and @entity1349 . The peritoneal cavity was the most frequent site of initial failure. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidative @entity12512 following chemotherapy is feasible and can be performed without interruption with manageable acute and late @entity137 . @entity1 with @entity4348 , especially stage FIGO III, had favorable outcomes possibly meriting prospective evaluation of the addition of @entity12512 following chemotherapy in selected @entity1 . @entity1 with SP do poorly and do not routinely benefit from this approach.

title: Consolidation XXXX following adjuvant carboplatin-paclitaxel based chemotherapy for advanced uterine epithelial cancer: feasibility, @entity137 and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity12512 :: ('MESH:D000006', 'Disease') :: ['whole abdomen irradiation', 'WAI']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity12512 :: (MESH:D000006,Disease) :: ['whole abdomen irradiation']


abstract: Work in an @entity5 model suggests that pretreatment with hyperbaric @entity26 can improve @entity5 vascularity rendering chemotherapy more effective. Accordingly 32 subjects with locally advanced @entity0 (>5cm diameter) entered into a randomized clinical trial where a course was administered of six intravenous pulses of @entity786 1000mg/m2 i.v., @entity632 50mg/m2 i.v. and @entity1891 1.5mg/m2 i.v. In the case group this was preceded by ten, once daily, sessions of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO2) administered either at 2.4 or 2.0 atmospheres absolute. Eleven out of 15 subjects tolerated a full course of HBO2 and chemotherapy. All 17 control subjects tolerated a full course of chemotherapy. Tumor extravascular extracellular or @entity4 fluid was reduced after HBO2 but there was no reduction in @entity5 cell volume and no indication of increased vascularity on MRI. Clinical and pathological responses to chemotherapy were the same in both groups and there was no evidence of neovascularisation. Five year survival in those who tolerated the trial regime was 73% and did not differ between the groups. This mortality was @entity5 related.

title: A pilot study with long term follow up of hyperbaric XXXX pretreatment in patients with locally advanced @entity0 undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'animal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 28 @entity1 with sternal @entity174 . Seat belts were used by 79% of the @entity1 . @entity158 and tenderness were the most common complaints. Forty-six percent of @entity1 had associated injuries, which were all evident in the emergency room. Seven @entity1 had @entity174 , six had @entity296 , and five had pulmonary contusions. The associated injuries determined the outcome: 2 @entity1 died, 2 required rehabilitation, the rest recovered uneventfully. Mean length of stay (LOS) was 8.17 +/- 1.78 days, but the median LOS was 4 days, and 75% stayed a week or less. The sternal fracture was treated with rest and analgesics. We conclude that sternal @entity174 are benign and do not require special treatment or an expensive work-up. It is possible that the seat belt and the sternal fracture absorb a substantial part of the energy transfer, and prevent greater damage.

title: Sternal XXXX : a red flag or a red herring?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contusion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'rib fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity1 @entity281 is a common trigger for @entity565 exacerbations. @entity281 are both associated with markedly decreased pH and @entity3104 levels in exhaled breath condensates. This observation is thought to be related, in part, to decreased activity of airway epithelial glutaminase. We studied whether direct @entity281 and/or the host immune response to the @entity281 decreased airway epithelial cell surface pH in vitro. Interferon-gamma and tumor @entity39 factor-alpha, but not direct @entity281 , decreased pH, an effect partly associated with decreased @entity3104 concentrations. This effect was 1) prevented by @entity842 synthase inhibition; 2) independent of @entity8262 ; 3) associated with an increase in endogenous airway epithelial cell S- @entity17265 concentration; 4) mimicked by the exogenous @entity31103 , @entity42041 ; and 5) independent of glutaminase expression and activity. We then confirmed that decreased epithelial pH inhibits @entity1 rhinovirus replication in airway epithelial cells. These data suggest that a @entity842 synthase-dependent host response to @entity1800 mediated by @entity31103 , rather than direct @entity281 itself, plays a role in decreased airway surface pH during @entity1 @entity281 . This host immune response may serve to protect the lower airways from direct @entity281 in the normal host. In @entity1 with @entity565 , however, this fall in pH could be associated with the increased mucus production, augmented inflammatory cell degranulation, bronchoconstriction, and cough characteristic of an @entity565 exacerbation.

title: @entity31103 regulate cell-surface pH buffering by airway epithelial cells during the XXXX immune response to rhinovirus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity17265 :: ('CHEBI:65308', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosothiol']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity42041 :: ('MESH:C024940', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma exacerbations and rhinovirus infections', 'rhinovirus infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity31103 :: ('MESH:D026403', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosothiols', 'S-nitrosothiol']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To determine the effect of allitridi on cell cycle of @entity1 @entity356 (HGC) cell lines MGC803 and SGC7901 and its possible mechanism. METHODS: @entity3460 dye exclusion was used to evaluate the proliferation, inhibition of cells and damages of these cells were detected with electron microscope. Flow cytometry and cell mitotic index were used to analyze the change of cell cycle, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR was used to examine expression of the @entity994 ( @entity994 ) gene. RESULTS: MGC803 cell growth was inhibited by allitridi with 24 h IC50 being 6.4 microg/mL. SGC7901 cell growth was also inhibited by allitridi with 24 h IC50 being 7.3 microg/mL. After being treated with allitridi at the concentration of 12 microg/mL for 24 h, cells were found to have direct cytotoxic effects, including broken cellular membrane, swollen and vesiculated mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticula, and mass lipid droplet. When cells were treated with allitridi at the concentration of 3, 6, and 9 microg/mL for 24 h, the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was decreased and that of G2/M phase cells was significantly increased (P = 0.002) compared with those in the group. When cells were treated with allitridi at the concentration of 6 microg/mL, cell mitotic index was much higher (P = 0.003) than that of control group, indicating that allitridi could cause @entity356 cell arrest in M phase. Besides, the expression levels of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) gene of MGC803 cells and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) gene of SGC7901 cells were remarkably upregulated after treatment. CONCLUSION: Allitridi can cause @entity356 cell arrest in M phase, and this may be one of the mechanisms for inhibiting cell proliferation. Effect of allitridi on cells in M phase may be associated with the upregulation of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) genes. This study provides experimental data for clinical use of allitridi in the treatment of @entity356 .

title: Effects of allitridi on cell cycle arrest of XXXX @entity356 cells.

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define timing and methods for a balanced follow-up of @entity31316 ( @entity31316 ) in pediatric age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 21 pediatric asymptomatic @entity1 (42 testicular units) diagnosed with @entity31316 and without associated risk factors. Microliths were found bilaterally on ultrasonography in all the @entity1 . Distribution of microliths (focal or diffuse) inside the parenchyma was evaluated as well as its eventual variation over time. Every six months, each @entity1 underwent clinical and ultrasonography evaluation, as well as serum chemistry markers (a-fetoprotein and b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin) measurement to detect potential @entity5 . In the interval between the follow-ups, parents and/or @entity1 themselves were asked to control eventual enlargement of the gonads or @entity4 . Testicular biopsy was not performed in any of our subjects. RESULTS: Of 21 @entity1 , 6 had unilateral undescended testis, 4 varicocele, and 1 patent processus vaginalis with @entity4 while 10 @entity1 did not show associated anomalies. The distribution pattern of microliths on ultrasonography remained unchanged in all follow-ups in every @entity1 , showing a predominance of diffuse pattern in the undescended testis series. Tumor markers remained within normal limits. In no subject, we observed a shift toward a malignant condition. CONCLUSION: In the pediatric population with an incidentally diagnosed @entity31316 and without any associated risk factor, a slight follow-up is suggested, consisting of clinical evaluation every 6 months, without any justifiable recommendation to perform a testis biopsy and a measurement of serum @entity5 markers.

title: Management and follow-up of pediatric asymptomatic XXXX : are we doing it well?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'testicular microlithiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity31316 :: (MESH:C566478,Disease) :: ['testicular microlithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Higher left ventricular volume is associated with @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity454 . This work investigated the effects of frequent hemodialysis on ventricular volumes and @entity5707 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network daily trial randomized 245 @entity1 to 12 months of six times per week versus three times per week in-center hemodialysis; the Frequent Hemodialysis Network nocturnal trial randomized 87 @entity1 to 12 months of six times per week nocturnal hemodialysis versus three times per week predominantly home-based hemodialysis. Left and right ventricular end systolic and diastolic volumes, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction at baseline and end of the study were ascertained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The ratio of left ventricular mass/left ventricular end diastolic volume was used as a surrogate marker of @entity5707 . In each trial, the effect of frequent dialysis on left or right ventricular end diastolic volume was tested between predefined subgroups. RESULTS: In the daily trial, frequent hemodialysis resulted in significant reductions in left ventricular end diastolic volume (-11.0% [95% confidence interval, -16.1% to -5.5%]), left ventricular end systolic volume (-14.8% [-22.7% to -6.2%]), right ventricular end diastolic volume (-11.6% [-19.0% to -3.6%]), and a trend for right ventricular end systolic volume (-11.3% [-21.4% to 0.1%]) compared with conventional therapy. The magnitude of reduction in left and right ventricular end diastolic volumes with frequent hemodialysis was accentuated among @entity1 with residual urine output<100 ml/d (P value [interaction]=0.02). In the nocturnal trial, there were no significant changes in left or right ventricular volumes. The frequent dialysis interventions had no substantial effect on the ratio of left ventricular mass/left ventricular end diastolic volume in either trial. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent in-center hemodialysis reduces left and right ventricular end systolic and diastolic ventricular volumes as well as left ventricular mass, but it does not affect @entity5707 .

title: Effects of frequent hemodialysis on ventricular volumes and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

answer: @entity5707 :: (MESH:D020257,Disease) :: ['left ventricular remodeling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the numbers and rates of all-terrain vehicle ( @entity11254 )-related @entity130 among riders aged  <= 15 years treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States during 2001-2010. METHODS: National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program data for 2001-2010 were analyzed. Numbers and rates of injuries were examined by age group, gender, primary body part injured, diagnosis, and hospital admission status. RESULTS: During 2001-2010, an estimated 361,161 @entity11254 riders aged  <= 15 years were treated in EDs for @entity11254 -related injuries. The injury rate peaked at 67 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2004 and then declined to 42 per 100,000 @entity1 by 2010. The annualized injury rate for @entity1 was double that of @entity1 (73 vs 37 per 100,000). @entity1 aged 11 to 15 years accounted for two-thirds of all @entity2613 visits and hospitalizations. @entity174 accounted for 28% of @entity2613 visits and 45% of hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for the decline in @entity11254 -related injuries among young riders are not well understood but might be related to the economic recession of the mid-2000s and decreased sales of new ATVs. Although many states have regulations governing @entity1 's use of ATVs, their effectiveness in @entity131 is unclear. Broader use of known effective safety measures, including prohibiting @entity1 aged  <= 15 years from riding adult-sized ATVs, always wearing a helmet while riding, not riding on paved roads, and not riding as or carrying a passenger could additionally reduce @entity11254 -related injuries among @entity1 . Last, more research to better understand @entity11254 crash dynamics might lead to safer designs for ATVs.

title: All-terrain vehicle-related XXXX among young riders in the United States, 2001-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reducing injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['nonfatal injuries']


abstract: Cell- @entity702 interactions are crucial to the clinical success of bone and dental implants. The physico-chemical characteristics of the substrates surface influence osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and activity as well. The osteoblast behavior was analyzed on three different @entity702 surfaces: ground with an abrasive 600 grit @entity12958 paper, blasted with @entity5383 particles (65 microm diameter) and @entity5383 blasted followed by a double chemical etch (4% HF+4% HF/8% @entity274 ). @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and profilometry showed distinct microtopographies. Ground samples showed parallel-groove orientation. The @entity16773 -blasted surface presented the roughest microtopography with @entity3775 -rich particles incrusted in the @entity702 surface. Osteoblasts cells from femora of Balb/c @entity19 were seeded onto the substrates tested. Cell morphology and initial attachment were evaluated by @entity4653 . Osteoblasts adhered to and spread on all samples tested. However, on rough surfaces, osteoblasts did not spread completely and acquired a polygonal morphology. Besides, the cell proliferation rate was diminished at the beginning of incubation on rough surfaces. Our results suggest a delay, rather than an impairment, in osteoblast viability and alkaline phosphatase activity when cells are cultured on rough surfaces, inducing a distinct osteoblast phenotype, rather than blocking its activity. At least in the culture conditions used in this work, @entity5383 particles did not affect osteoblast behavior.

title: Effect of three distinct treatments of XXXX surface on osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Scanning electron microscopy', 'SEM']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine with potent antitumor effects. The authors sought to assess its capacity to increase @entity5 immunogenicity when expressed by @entity5 cells in a @entity19 model of @entity521 . METHODS: Syngeneic A/J @entity19 were inoculated subcutaneously with 2 x 10(6) cells from a @entity19 @entity521 -derived cell line (neuro-2a). In situ transduction of the @entity521 cells was achieved by intratumoral injection of an adenoviral vector encoding both subunits of the @entity19 IL-12 heterodimer. Growth of the IL-12 gene-modified @entity5 cells was compared with untreated neuro-2a cells. @entity5 immunity was assessed by rechallenging @entity19 that had rejected their @entity5 with unmodified @entity521 cells. The contribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was evaluated through @entity137 assays. RESULTS: Eighteen (72%) of 25 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 treated with the mlL-12 adenoviral vector exhibited @entity5 regression, with 12 @entity19 (48%) completely rejecting their @entity5 over 2 to 3 weeks. None of the @entity19 that had rejected their @entity5 and were rechallenged with unmodified neuro-2a cells subsequently developed new @entity5 . Pooled splenocytes from @entity19 rejecting their @entity5 showed significant @entity5 killing (>20% cytolysis) in vitro in 51Cr release assays. CONCLUSIONS: Adenoviral-mediated IL-12 expression by @entity5 cells in a @entity19 @entity521 model produced a significant antitumor response. Most treated @entity5 demonstrated at least transient regression, whereas many completely regressed. Cured @entity19 exhibited protective immunity and CTL activity against the @entity5 . These data confirm the immunomodulatory efficacy of IL-12 as part of a vaccine-based antineuroblastoma strategy.

title: XXXX regression and immunity induced by transgenic expression of interleukin-12.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']