abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity294 is the third leading cause of death related to @entity166 all over the world. The diseases related to @entity1800 are gradually increasing, particularly in the developed countries. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and to investigate the clinical manifestations of acute rotavirus and @entity9504 and to assess the diagnostic value of the related clinical findings. METHODS: In 2007-2008 @entity1 with @entity391 attended to Yeditepe University Hospital and related clinics, Istanbul, were studied. The rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigen in stool of these @entity1 were investigated. Data regarding clinical findings were collected from the electronic records, retrospectively. Age, gender, symptoms, fever, antibiotic use, @entity391 , number of @entity391 and diarrhaeae, @entity2700 , @entity490 , the other pathological physical examination findings were analyzed by the physicians in the study group. To investigate the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen CerTest Rota-Adeno Blister Test (CerTest, Biotec, Spain), a qualitative immunochromotographic assay was used. Statistical analysis wasperformed with SPSS v. 11,5 statistical software. X2 test was used for bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Rotavirus positivity was 18,7% (n = 126). Concomitantly, in 596 cases adenovirus antigen test were also performed. Adenovirus positivity was 8,9% (n = 53) and rota-adenovirus @entity325 was 4,4% (n = 26). Most of rotavirus positive cases were seen in December, January, February and March (p < 0.001). In clinical parameters, there was a significant difference between rotavirus positive cases and negative cases regarding to @entity391 , @entity2700 and @entity391 and @entity294 coexistence (respectively p = 0.010, p < 0.00, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Rotavirus can be seen in all age groups, but more frequently in childhood. Although there is no clinical gold standard to distinguish the rotavirus cases from the other @entity1902 agents, the findings of @entity391 , considering months of referral may lead clinician to perform rapid antigen tests and affect approach to the treatment. Prospective studies with representative samples are needed to determine the rotavirus and adenovirus incidence and to develop safe and reliable protective policies in our country.

title: Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among XXXX with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus gatroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea and/or vomiting', 'vomiting', 'dehydration and vomiting-diarrhea coexistence']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity209 on @entity385 in Chinese subjects with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Anthropometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index), blood pressure, and plasma biochemical (lipid and glycemic profiles) were collected. Subjects with type 2 @entity6 were categorized by the criteria of the updated Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) with the modified definitions of @entity28 in Asians. Transcranial Doppler was performed to define @entity2500 . RESULTS: Of 2,197 @entity1 (age 55.4 +/- 11.3 years; male 40.8%; median follow-up period 8.7 years, interquartile range 7.8-9.5 years) without symptoms of @entity66 , evidence of @entity2500 was identified in 272 subjects (12.4%). According to NCEP ATP III criteria, 1,324 (60.3%) @entity1 had MetS at baseline. @entity385 occurred in 184 (8.4%, 184/2197) @entity1 during follow-up. @entity1 with incident @entity64 had a higher prevalence of MetS compared with those without @entity64 (p = 0.004), and the number of components of MetS was also significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity64 (p = 0.001). Cox regression demonstrated that MetS was not associated with incident @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 , @entity209 does affect @entity64 occurrence with a higher @entity64 incidence among those with @entity209 , but @entity64 occurrence seems to be better explained by other vascular risk factors than by @entity209 .

title: Atherosclerotic vascular disease rather than @entity209 predicts @entity385 in @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3152 is one of the most serious public health problems and is the most important factor relating to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The strategies for preventing it include understanding the risk factors, with specific interventions. Recently, uterine cervix measurements using ultrasonography and vaginal administration of @entity1420 have gained importance in predicting and secondarily preventing spontaneous @entity3152 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the @entity851 , including its etiology, diagnosis, and possible therapies. METHODS: Research in ISI, Pubmed, and Scielo database using the words short cervix, @entity3152 , sludge, cervical funneling, cervical gland area, @entity1420 , cerclage, and pessary. RESULTS: We found a lot of articles about this topic, including randomized controlled trials. The etiology is multifactorial, being the diagnosis based in a cervix @entity3207 at 20-24 weeks. The history and measurement of cervix length by transvaginal ultrasound have been shown to be effective to select the high risk pregnancies. The @entity1420 , cervical cerclage, and cervical pessary showed to be effective to reduce the @entity3152 in pregnant @entity1 with short cervix. CONCLUSION: The successful management of pregnant @entity1 presenting a short cervix depends on the understanding that cervical @entity3207 is the final common path for several causes of @entity3152 . The best approach should be individualized to each @entity1 .

title: XXXX : current knowledge from etiology to the control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short cervix syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'Preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Short cervix syndrome']


abstract: The prevalence and severity of @entity2681 and @entity1066 (GEU) in broilers is affected by a number of predisposing and preventive factors. Two broiler experiments with almost identical basal diets were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oat hulls, access to litter and the antimicrobial compound narasin on GEU. The effects on particle size of duodenal digesta, ileal starch concentration, caecal @entity3168 counts, @entity39 and production performance were also examined. Oat hulls reduced GEU severity and starch levels in the ileum in both experiments. Access to litter reduced GEU scores when oat hulls were included in the feed. Access to litter also improved feed efficiency and reduced @entity3168 counts. Narasin reduced GEU severity when the feed was supplemented with oat hulls. Oat hulls were associated with improved feed efficiency in Experiment 1 and impaired feed efficiency in Experiment 2. The inconsistent effect of oat hulls on production performance appeared to be related to an association between oat hulls and high @entity3168 counts in Experiment 2; an association that was absent in Experiment 1. In general, oat hulls interacted with litter access and narasin in exerting a positive effect on gizzard health. However, the association between oat hulls and @entity39 detected in Experiment 2 suggests that the positive effect of oat hulls on GEU occasionally may be outweighed by a negative effect on gut health. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the severity of GEU in broilers was influenced by non-soluble fibres and narasin.

title: Non-soluble fibres and narasin reduce spontaneous XXXX and @entity1066 in broiler chickens.

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['gizzard erosion']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic enteritis']

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['gizzard erosion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous recurrences of @entity0 may cause considerable discomfort due to @entity1066 , oozing, and @entity158 and can also be difficult to treat. Electrochemotherapy is a localised anticancer treatment using electric pulses to make cell membranes permeable, augmenting uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs, and thus enabling highly efficient @entity5 cell kill. This is the first systematic investigation of electrochemotherapy for larger cutaneous recurrences of @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a phase II trial for @entity1 with cutaneous recurrences where no further treatment options were available. Primary endpoint was objective response evaluated by clinical examination. Secondary endpoints included response evaluated by PET/CT, change in lung diffusion capacity, @entity1 reported symptoms, and distress related to bodily appearance. Treatment consisted of @entity1732 injection followed by application of electric pulses. RESULTS: Seventeen heavily pre-treated @entity1 received electrochemotherapy. Twelve @entity1 were evaluable (follow-up > 8 weeks). CT showed four (33%) @entity1 achieving over 50% @entity5 volume reduction, clinical examination showed one CR and one PR (OR 17%). Symptomatic relief included decreasing exudates, odour, and @entity548 . Treatment was well tolerated; the main side effect was post-treatment @entity158 . CONCLUSION: This first phase II study indicates that electrochemotherapy is a promising treatment alternative for cutaneous recurrences of @entity0 .

title: Electrochemotherapy for large cutaneous recurrence of XXXX : a phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A male case of @entity20413 , who had been followed for @entity4595 for a long time, detected at age 70 and diagnosed by radiological studies was reported. The movement of his left diaphragm was impaired. Arterial @entity26 tension was 68 torr while breathing room air. Pulmonary function tests showed mixed @entity73 , increase of residual volume, and uneven gas distribution, but diffusing capacity was normal with the single breath method. Chest radiograph revealed hyperlucency of the left lung and the right middle lung field. In these areas, pulmonary angiography showed marked hypovascularity and @entity194 , and perfusion and inhalation scans also showed marked decreased perfusion and ventilation. @entity120 was not detected by right heart catheterization. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and showed no abnormality of the left bronchial tree, and bronchography demonstrated diffuse cylindrical @entity4595 of the left lung with no @entity133 . He had suffered from chronic @entity1244 for a long time, which might suggest that he had sinobronchitis due to @entity154 of the airway and this caused continuous @entity1729 , which could cause this syndrome. Including our own case, about 80 cases of @entity20413 have been reported in Japan. But only 4 cases were above 70 years of age and all of them were male, and there has been no female cases above age 50. Males predominate over females, and in both sexes the left lung was more commonly affected than the right.

title: [A case of XXXX diagnosed at age 70].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity20413 :: ('MESH:D019568', 'Disease') :: ["Swyer-James' syndrome", 'Swyer-James syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar filling']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse vascular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity20413 :: (MESH:D019568,Disease) :: ['Swyer-James syndrome']


abstract: A systematic review was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of @entity1205 in combination with @entity617 ( @entity1205 is licensed in the UK for use in combination with @entity229 or @entity617 for the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 . @entity229 is not used in the UK, but it is reasonable to use @entity1205 plus @entity229 data in this review of @entity1205 plus @entity617 ) for the treatment of metastatic @entity263 . A scoping search identified a trial of @entity1205 plus @entity229 vs @entity2664 plus @entity229 , but did not identify any trials comparing @entity1205 plus @entity617 / @entity229 with any other treatments. Therefore, we considered additional indirect evidence that would enable a comparison of @entity1205 plus @entity617 / @entity229 with other chemotherapy regimens and active supportive care. Systematic searching (upto April 2005) identified seven randomised controlled trials. One large well-conducted trial assessed @entity1205 plus @entity229 vs @entity2664 plus @entity229 ; this showed statistically significant improvements with 3-weekly @entity1205 in terms of overall survival, quality of life, @entity158 response and PSA decline. Two other chemotherapy regimens that included @entity1205 with @entity12749 also showed improved outcomes in comparison with @entity2664 plus @entity229 . Three trials that compared @entity2664 plus @entity288 with @entity288 alone were identified and their results for overall survival combined, which showed very little difference between the two groups. The addition of @entity19160 to @entity2664 plus @entity229 showed no significant differences in comparison with @entity2664 plus @entity229 alone. The evidence suggests that chemotherapy regimens containing 3-weekly @entity1205 are superior to @entity2664 or @entity288 alone.

title: A systematic review of the effectiveness of @entity1205 and @entity2664 for the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of diet family support on @entity413 outcome in Korean immigrants with @entity164 2 @entity6 , taking into consideration @entity1 gender. METHODS: A total of 143 Korean immigrants with @entity164 2 @entity6 were recruited from a West Coast Koreatown. On completing questionnaires (demographic, health history, and the @entity6 Family Behavior Checklist-II [DFBC]), a @entity1 was given a finger stick blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity3916 ). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated after measurements were taken. Analyses assessed the independent associations of diet family support, gender, and diet family support by gender interactions with @entity413 outcome. RESULTS: A higher level of diet family support was significantly associated with lower @entity3916 , indicating the beneficial effect of diet family support on @entity413 control. Although the main effect of gender on @entity3916 was not significant, the effect of the product term of family support and gender was, indicating that the significant beneficial impact of diet family support on @entity3916 depends on gender. The impact is much more pronounced in @entity1 (B = -.516) than @entity1 (B = -.038). CONCLUSIONS: Family support, specific to diet, is significantly associated with @entity413 outcomes in Korean immigrants with @entity164 2 @entity6 . That is, more perceived family support was associated with better @entity413 control. The positive impact of family support on @entity413 outcome was significantly stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 , even after other factors were taken into consideration.

title: Diet-specific family support and XXXX control among Korean immigrants with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 ( @entity706 ) is an uncommon disease characterized by atypical lymphoid cells growing inside the lumina of small vessels. The diversity of clinical presentation due to possible involvement of multiple organs often complicates its diagnosis. CASE REPORT: Here, we report on a case of @entity706 with rapidly progressive @entity303 and Coombs-negative @entity5714 . Interestingly, the erythrocytes exhibited a decreased osmotic resistance. Bone marrow histopathology revealed increased erythropoiesis and, finally, a small monoclonal B lymphocyte population. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated few micro-bleedings. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground-glass opacity of the lungs. Within a few days, the @entity1 developed @entity1576 and died. On post-mortem examination, intravascular large @entity1892 with almost complete infiltration of the brain and lungs was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: @entity706 should be considered early in situations of unexplained neuropsychiatric disease along with markedly elevated levels of lactic dehydrogenase, @entity417 , and @entity2142 .

title: Intravascular large XXXX presenting as @entity303 and @entity5714 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['IVL', 'Intravascular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that a transient episode of raised-intensity phonation causes a significant increase in vocal fold inflammatory messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: Laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten New Zealand White breeder @entity95 received 30 minutes of experimentally induced modal or raised-intensity phonation, followed by a 30-minute recovery period. A separate group of five @entity95 served as sham controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of @entity20573 ( @entity20573 ), @entity14100 ( @entity14100 ), and @entity24171 ( @entity24171 ). Separate one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to investigate differences in gene expression across groups, with an appropriate alpha correction of 0.016 to control for type I error. Significant main effects were further examined using Fisher's least significant difference. RESULTS: ANOVA revealed that there were differences for @entity20573 , @entity14100 , and @entity24171 between sham control, modal phonation, and raised-intensity phonation (P 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the expression of @entity20573 , @entity24171 , and @entity14100 increased significantly during raised-intensity phonation, compared to modal phonation and sham control (P 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Results provided support for the hypothesis that a transient episode of raised-intensity phonation causes a significant increase in vocal fold inflammatory mRNA expression. Future studies will investigate the signal transduction pathways and mechanisms regulating the vocal fold inflammatory response. The long-term goal of these studies is to advance understanding of the molecular and cellular events underlying phonation-related tissue alterations.

title: Effects of raised-intensity phonation on inflammatory mediator gene expression in normal XXXX vocal fold.

entities_list: @entity14100 :: ('100008645(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta-1', 'TGFbeta1']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drowning remains an actual problem. Although medical assistance has improved, it still has high rates of morbidity and mortality. We set out to explore the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity14481 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary-care university hospital. METHODS: We designed a retrospective observational study to analyse all @entity14481 @entity1 admitted to our ICU after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The study was conducted during 1 January 1992-31 December 2005. There was no exclusion. We used a univariate analysis to evaluate the effect on @entity1 and management characteristics on survival. RESULTS: There were 43 @entity1 (five @entity1 and 38 adults), with male predominance. Fifteen @entity1 , all adults (34.9%), died. Submersion time, age, Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS), pupillary reactivity and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) at ICU admission were related to mortality. Non-survivors presented a higher glycaemia level at ICU admission than survivors (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome is closely related to the @entity1 's clinical status on arrival to the hospital. We have found that submersion time, age, GCS, pupillary reactivity and APACHE II at ICU admission were related to mortality. Further research in prospective studies is needed.

title: Prognostic factors and outcome after XXXX in an adult population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity14481 :: (MESH:D004332,Disease) :: ['drowning']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of @entity130 to permanent anterior teeth in 9- to 14-year-old schoolchildren attending public schools in An  polis, Brazil, and to investigate the association between the occurrence of these injuries and the size of incisal overjet and type of lip coverage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and a two-stage cluster sampling technique were used. The sample size included 765 9- to 14-year-old schoolchildren. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews carried out by a trained, calibrated dentist. Oral examinations dealt with the type of @entity130 ( @entity130 ), the treatment received, the size of incisal overjet and the type of lip coverage. The teeth examined were maxillary and mandibular incisors. RESULTS: A 16.5% prevalence of dental @entity130 was found. @entity1 experienced double the number of @entity1 ' injuries. The maxillary central incisors were the teeth most affected, totaling 84.8%. The most frequent @entity130 found was enamel @entity174 (66%), followed by enamel-dentin @entity174 (27%) and enamel cracks (5%). Only 26% of traumatised teeth were restored. @entity1 with an overjet size > 3 mm were 1.78 times (CI= 1.18 - 2.69) more likely to have a @entity8495 than @entity1 with an overjet size <= 3 mm. @entity1 with inadequate lip coverage were 2.18 times (CI= 1.27 - 3.76) more likely to experience dental @entity130 than @entity1 whose lip coverage was adequate. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the prevalence of @entity130 among schoolchildren in An  polis, Brazil is similar to that of other regions in Brazil. The teeth most affected by dental @entity130 are the maxillary central incisors. @entity1 run a 2.03-times higher risk of crown @entity174 than @entity1 , and @entity1 with an overjet size > 3 mm are 1.78 times more likely to have @entity8495 . In addition, @entity1 with inadequate lip coverage are 2.18 times more likely to present @entity130 than @entity1 with adequate lip coverage.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injury', 'dental injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dental injuries', 'TDI', 'traumatic dental injury', 'type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic dental injuries']


abstract: Fibroblasts were isolated from a piece of donated skin measuring about 1 x 1 cm and were proliferated over nine successive cultivations. Fibroblasts obtained from the fourth cultivation were cryopreserved in 10 cryotubes as master cells. Fibroblasts obtained from the fifth to ninth cultivations were cryopreserved in 49 cryotubes in total as working cells. At the end of each procedure in the fourth to eighth cultivations, about three-quarters of the proliferated fibroblasts were cryopreserved, and the remaining one-quarter were proliferated in the next cultivation. All fibroblasts obtained from the ninth (final) procedure were cryopreserved as the last working cells. Two cryotubes of the last cryopreserved working cells (ninth cultivation) were thawed and proliferated. @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) was prepared by performing ten successive cultivations. After each cultivation, about three-quarters of the resulting fibroblasts were used to prepare @entity7674 , and the remaining one-quarter were proliferated in the next cultivation for 1 week. Finally, all fibroblasts produced by the tenth (final) procedure were used to prepare @entity7674 . In each of the first to ninth cultivations for @entity7674 preparation, the density of fibroblasts remained relatively constant, and the levels of cytokines, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and @entity687 released from @entity7674 remained relatively constant. In total, 47 sheets of @entity7674 measuring 10 x 10 cm were prepared. The present findings indicate that about 1000 sheets of @entity7674 measuring 10 x 10 cm can be prepared using all the working cells prepared from a piece of donated skin measuring 1 x 1 cm.

title: Standardization for mass production of allogeneic cultured dermal substitute by measuring the amount of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, TGF-beta, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'Cultured dermal substitute']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the safety, adequacy and oncological outcomes of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and robot-assisted laparoscopic (RALS) approach for the treatment of @entity43 . METHODS: We performed a multicentric, retrospective cohort study, enrolling @entity1 affected by @entity43 who underwent laparoscopic management for @entity43 between 2006 and 2014. Surgical, pathologic and oncologic outcome data were analyzed to compare @entity1104 and RALS performances for @entity43 management. RESULTS: 39 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic staging for presumed @entity43 : 23 underwent @entity1104 and 16 underwent RALS. The mean operative time was 281      81  min ( @entity1104 288      88  min; RALS 270      72  min; p  =  0.49). No conversion to laparotomy occurred, and one @entity1 had @entity548 requiring blood transfusion. Four @entity1 (10.2  %) experienced postoperative complications of grade 3 according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The median hospital stay was 3  days (1-15); the differences were not statistically significant between two groups [ @entity1104  =  4 (1-15); RALS  =  3 (1-7); p  =  0.43]. During a mean follow-up period of 19.4  months, @entity5 recurrence occurred in 3 @entity1 : 2 (8.7  %) in the @entity1104 group and 1 (6.25  %) in the RALS group. Overall survival and disease-free survival for the entire cohort were 97.4 and 92.3  %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1104 and RALS seem to be adequate and feasible for the treatment of @entity43 in terms of the surgical outcomes and oncological safety. Furthermore, in our experience, perioperative outcomes are comparable between @entity1104 and RALS making them an acceptable approach in selected @entity1 .

title: Feasibility and surgical outcomes of conventional and robot-assisted laparoscopy for XXXX : a retrospective, multicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage ovarian cancer', 'stage I ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'laparoscopic surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['early-stage ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Population-based information on the epidemiology of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) subtypes is scant. In this study, we characterized @entity385 subtypes in terms of incidence, time trend, and risk factor profiles in a community-based population. METHODS: We obtained data from the Takashima @entity64 Registry on approximately 55 000 residents of Takashima County in central Japan and calculated age-adjusted @entity64 incidence rates for different @entity385 subtypes. We determined the incidence time trend by calculating the average annual change across years and also compared risk factors between subtypes. RESULTS: There were 1389 first-ever @entity63 strokes registered during 1988 to 2004. @entity1188 was the most frequent etiology (54.1%) followed by @entity1188 (22.9%). Age-adjusted incidence rates for different @entity385 subtypes were lacunar, 77.1; cardioembolic, 31.5; and nonlacunar, 29.7/10(5) @entity1 -years. The average annual change was not significant for the @entity385 subtypes except for nonlacunar @entity1188 , which showed a decreasing trend. Risk factor analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity1188 were younger and less likely to have a history of transient @entity63 attack or a drinking habit than @entity1 with nonlacunar @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: Lacunar @entity1188 was the most common @entity385 subtype in our population. We found no significant change in the incidence of subtypes during the study, except a decrease in nonlacunar @entity1188 .

title: XXXX subtypes in a Japanese population: Takashima @entity64 Registry, 1988-2004.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct', 'cardioembolic infarction', 'Lacunar infarction', 'lacunar infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic stroke']


abstract: The @entity535 sequence of the mitochondrial form of @entity7954 carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) ( @entity33230 ) from the @entity1573 was deduced from the 3571 @entity377 sequence of three overlapping cDNA clones. The derived protein sequence, which includes 607 @entity1522 of the mature enzyme and a leader sequence, was aligned with nine tryptic peptides of @entity33230 and the primary sequence of the cytosolic form of @entity33231 from @entity1573 . Secondary structure predictions for the two @entity33231 isozymes indicated similar packing elements of conserved, hydrophobic beta strands in the central core of the primary sequence. This core protein, which contained three @entity3007 -binding consensus elements, was 80% identical in the two @entity1573 isozymes, although the overall level of identity was only 63% for @entity1522 and 60% for @entity2036 . The untranslated regions of the two cDNAs were dissimilar, although both mRNAs have potential for significant secondary structure. The @entity33230 mRNA contained several G-C-rich regions which demonstrated free energies of formation in dyad symmetry programs up to -70 kcal/mol. The 1.6-kilobase (kb) 3'-untranslated region contained several repeat elements including one of 11 base pairs, which was present 30 times; but, a signal sequence for polyadenylation was not present. Each of the three @entity33230 cDNA clones recognized two mRNAs of 4.2 and 3.4 kb in the livers and kidneys of starved or normally fed @entity1573 . However, the level of these two related @entity33230 mRNAs changed in response to @entity268 treatment, with the larger mRNA predominant at 20 and 160 min and the 3.4-kb mRNA present at intermediate times. In contrast, the level of the 2.8-kb @entity33231 mRNA increased dramatically upon addition of the cyclic @entity377 , particularly in the liver where it was not detected without @entity268 induction. Thus, @entity33230 and @entity33231 , clearly represented the products of two distinct genes, which were distinguished by altered protein sequences and non-cross-hybridizing, differentially regulated mRNAs.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX carboxykinase from the @entity1573 . Comparison of the cDNA and protein sequences with the cytosolic isozyme.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

answer: @entity7954 :: (MESH:D010728,Chemical) :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in the number of reported conversation partner programmes for conversation partners of @entity1 with @entity2026 demonstrates increased awareness of partner needs and the positive effect of trained partners on the communicative abilities of the @entity1 with @entity2026 . Predominantly small-scale studies describe the effectiveness of conversation partner training (CPT) and how partners perceive this training. The view of partners on this service commission remains largely unknown. AIMS: To explore the experiences of partners of @entity1 with @entity2026 with a CPT programme when it was newly introduced into rehabilitation settings. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Seventeen partners of @entity1 with @entity2026 were interviewed using a semi-structured format about their experience with Partners of Aphasic Clients Conversation Training ( @entity15649 ). Transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: Four categories representative of the practical nature and individual tailoring of @entity15649 were identified: engaging with @entity15649 ; learning from @entity15649 ; reflecting on behaviour and emotions; and experiences with earlier speech and language therapy (SLT). Two themes were identified cutting across all categories: the nature of communication is difficult to grasp; and balancing roles as partner, carer and client. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: Partners appreciated the training programme once their initial lack of awareness of the interactive nature of communication had been addressed. SLTs need to be clear about the collaborative nature of conversations and what can be offered within the rehabilitation trajectory to address conversation alongside language training.

title: 'Now it is about me having to learn something    .' Partners' experiences with a Dutch conversation partner training programme ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

answer: @entity15649 :: (5930,Gene) :: ['PACT']


abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate repeated intrathecal injections of @entity1772 , without artificial ventilation, in the treatment of severe @entity116 . Ten @entity1 , 5 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , with a mean age of 34 +/- 7 years, were included in the study. The dose of @entity1772 injected was 1000 micrograms between the ages of 16 and 55 years, 800 micrograms over the age of 55 years and 500 micrograms under the age of 16 years. The efficacy was assessed on the basis of the @entity1159 and @entity7965 and the initial dose was reinjected prior to the reappearance of these symptoms. Treatment was discontinued in the case of @entity149 or inefficacy. The first injection was effective in 9 cases for 24-48 h. The haemodynamic safety was always good. Five @entity1 developed central @entity308 with @entity772 and @entity1576 , requiring artificial ventilation in 3 cases and reversed by @entity5757 in 2 cases. Five @entity1 were treated exclusively with @entity1772 with 4 cures. Five @entity1 had to be ventilated with only one cure. This study confirms earlier studies concerning the efficacy of intrathecal @entity1772 in @entity116 . However, the frequency of episodes of @entity1576 prevents the recommendation of repeated injections when respiratory intensive care facilities are not available.

title: Treatment of severe @entity116 by intrathecal injections of XXXX without artificial ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system depression']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of contractures']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread acceptance of @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ) regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy for early @entity0 (EBC), studies of efficacy offer contradictory findings. This systematic review evaluates the real impact of @entity3630 chemotherapy. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing conventional adjuvant chemotherapy versus a @entity3630 regimen for EBC @entity1 were searched in electronic databases. Dose-dense regimens included the same drugs and total amount as conventional chemotherapy, but applied in shorter intervals. Meta-analyses were performed using a fixed-effects model. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were expressed with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and @entity137 . Analyses were conducted according to @entity5 @entity5282 expression, plus tests for interaction. RESULTS: Four studies (3418 @entity1 ) were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that @entity3630 therapy can improve DFS (3356 @entity1 ; HR=0.83; 95% CI 0.73-0.95; p=0.005), independent of @entity5282 expression status. There was no OS benefit with @entity3630 therapy (3356 @entity1 ; HR=0.86; 95% CI 0.73-1.01; p=0.06) irrespective of @entity5 @entity5282 status (OS in hormone-positive stratum HR=0.94; 95% CI 0.74-1.21; OS in hormone-negative stratum HR=0.78; 95% CI 0.62-0.99; interaction test p=0.28). @entity3630 regimens caused a small increase in @entity417 and @entity33 , but had no impact on @entity299 , @entity1778 or @entity2590 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3630 adjuvant chemotherapy can improve DFS of EBC @entity1 with little impact on safety. However there is no clear benefit in OS. Further research may indicate if there is any impact on OS not presently seen due to small sample size, and which @entity1 may derive greater benefit.

title: Dose-dense chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy for early XXXX : a systematic review with meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A 32-year-old primipara, who had been diagnosed as @entity161 for a year and with good control of the disease by @entity1037 administration, requested epidural labor @entity1337 . @entity1037 is an atypical antipsychotic, and is contraindicated to use with @entity1425 , because the a receptor antagonistic action of @entity1037 decreases the blood pressure in combination with @entity1425 . Hypotention is one of the major complications during the labor epidural @entity1337 . In addition, this @entity1 is at high risk of @entity551 under antipsycotic medication. As @entity551 leads to placental-fetal circulation insufficiency, extreme attention to prevent @entity551 and to preserve uteroplacental blood flow should be paid. @entity1037 was discontinued before two days of the induction. Sufficient hydration with crystalloid was given beforehand to avoid hypotention. Both @entity2647 and @entity1063 were ready for an anticipated hypotention. @entity398 infusion began after an epidural catheter was placed at @entity11376 intervertebral space. She delivered a healthy baby under @entity158 control. Apgar score of the baby was 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, respectively. Total volume of infusion was 2000 ml. No mental disturbance was observed during the labor and delivery. The @entity1 and her baby were discharged on the 4th day postpartum.

title: [Epidural labor @entity1337 for a primipara with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The post-mortem brain concentrations of @entity935 (DA) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) were determined in 16 parts of the brain from @entity1 with no history of neurologic or @entity146 . Fifteen @entity1 and nine @entity1 , with a mean age of 61.0 +/- 18.7 years (range 23--92 years) were included. They had died from either @entity299 or @entity5 . In the post-mortem investigation several factors were controlled: age, time between @entity204 and autopsy, time between autopsy and chemical analysis and storage time (-20 degrees C). The DA concentrations in the different brain areas were found to be positively intercorrelated, especially those in the basal ganglia, hippocampus and the mesencephalon. The @entity3829 concentrations measured in various cortical structures were also positively intercorrelated. In several regions of the brain there was a significant inverse correlation between the DA and @entity3829 concentrations. The DA and @entity3829 concentrations did not differ according to sex, but age had a marked influence on the DA concentration. Significant decrease with age was observed in the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus, mesencephalon, hippocampus and in the cortex gyrus hippocampus. These findings are discussed in relation to the effect of aging neurons. A review of @entity1 post-mortem investigations on DA and @entity3829 concentrations is also presented.

title: Post-mortem distribution of XXXX and @entity4926 in @entity1 brain, variations related to age, and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) enrolled 3711 @entity1 with mild-to-severe nonproliferative or early proliferative @entity6 in both eyes. One eye of each @entity1 was assigned randomly to @entity8658 and the other to deferral of photocoagulation. Follow-up examinations were scheduled at least every 4 months and photocoagulation was initiated in eyes assigned to deferral as soon as high-risk proliferative @entity989 was detected. Eyes selected for @entity8658 received one of four different combinations of scatter (panretinal) and focal treatment. This early treatment, compared with deferral of photocoagulation, was associated with a small reduction in the incidence of severe @entity227 (visual acuity less than 5/200 at two consecutive visits), but 5-year rates were low in both the early treatment and deferral groups (2.6% and 3.7%, respectively). Adverse effects of scatter photocoagulation on @entity227 were observed. These adverse effects were most evident in the months immediately following treatment and were less in eyes assigned to less extensive scatter photocoagulation. Provided careful follow-up can be maintained, scatter photocoagulation is not recommended for eyes with mild or moderate nonproliferative @entity6 . When @entity989 is more severe, scatter photocoagulation should be considered and usually should not be delayed if the eye has reached the high-risk proliferative stage. The ETDRS results demonstrate that, for eyes with @entity1103 , @entity628 is effective in reducing the risk of moderate @entity227 but that scatter photocoagulation is not. Focal treatment also increases the chance of visual improvement, decreases the frequency of persistent @entity1103 , and causes only minor @entity227 . Focal treatment should be considered for eyes with @entity1103 that involves or threatens the center of the macula.

title: Early photocoagulation for @entity6 . ETDRS report number 9. Early Treatment XXXX Study Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field losses', 'visual loss', 'visual acuity and visual field also']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: We used microautoradiography in order to evaluate cell replication of the remaining colorectal mucosa in 20 @entity1 previously operated on for @entity5 . The results were compared to those of 24 controls without @entity5 or other relevant @entity14 . Samples of colorectal mucosa were taken during endoscopy. At histological examination each labeled intestinal hemicrypt was divided into 5 longitudinal compartments, from the base to the surface, and S-phase cells in each compartment were counted. Total @entity894 ( @entity894 , ratio of labeled to total cells x 100) and @entity894 per crypt compartment were similar in surgical @entity1 and in controls. In contrast, both total @entity894 and @entity894 in the upper portions of the crypt (compartments 3, 4, and 5) were significantly higher in the 9 @entity1 who showed recurrence of @entity1127 than in those (n = 11) without recurrence. The @entity894 in compartments 4 and 5 (the "high crypt region") was 4.37 +/- 0.95 (SEM) in @entity1 with recurrence versus 0.88 +/- 0.21 (P less than 0.001) in @entity1 with negative endoscopy finding and 1.47 +/- 0.22 in controls. Moreover, the fifth compartment was labeled in 8 of 9 individuals in whom @entity1127 recurred but in only 2 of 11 @entity1 without recurrence and 3 of 24 controls. In conclusion, after resection for large bowel @entity694 tends to become more quiescent and similar to that of controls. However, in the subgroup of @entity1 in whom @entity1127 reappear, the colorectal mucosa maintains a hyperproliferative state with an expansion of the replicative zone to the most superficial portions of the crypt. These findings support the sequence @entity2513 and suggest that the evaluation of cell proliferation might be useful in the identification of subjects at increased risk for @entity5 of the large bowel.

title: Epithelial cell kinetics in the remaining colorectal mucosa after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumors', 'cancer of the large bowel', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal disease']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer colonic epithelial cell proliferation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the large bowel']


abstract: Infrared-visible sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy (SFG) is used to investigate the interfacial structure of @entity32047 (C16H33OH) and heneicosane ( @entity32048 ) in contact with polystyrene films (PS) spin coated on a sapphire substrate. The interfacial structure of @entity32047 is very different from @entity32048 in contact with PS. In the crystalline state, the @entity32047 molecules are oriented with the @entity21865 axis parallel to the surface plane in contact with PS. For the crystalline @entity32048 /PS interface, the SFG spectra are very similar to those observed for molecules oriented with the symmetry axis of the @entity5498 groups parallel to the surface normal. The structure of both @entity32047 (or @entity32048 ) and the @entity15060 groups changes sharply at the melting temperature of @entity32047 (or @entity32048 ). Upon heating the @entity32047 /PS sample above the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of PS, the @entity32047 molecules penetrate through the PS film and adsorb on the sapphire substrate. The adsorbed @entity32047 molecules are oriented with the symmetry axis of the @entity5498 groups parallel to the surface normal. The structure of the PS molecules at the sapphire interface is different because the PS @entity15060 groups are now in contact with the hydrophobic tails of the @entity32047 molecules, rather than the hydrophilic sapphire substrate. The adsorbed @entity32047 molecules do not disorder at the bulk melting temperature of @entity32047 . In comparison, no adsorption of @entity32048 molecules next to sapphire interface upon annealing was observed. The differences between the adsorption of @entity32047 and @entity32048 can be explained by the preferential interactions between the @entity3787 groups of the @entity167 and hydrophilic sapphire substrate.

title: Interfacial structure and melting temperature of XXXX and alkane molecules in contact with polystyrene films.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity32047 :: ('CHEBI:16125', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecanol']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ) is an important cause of morbidity/mortality in critically ill @entity1 with @entity1583 . New diagnosis strategies include the noninvasive biomarkers 1,3-beta-D-glucan (BDG) and serum galactomannan (GM). METHODS: For early detection of @entity20585 , we compared BDG Fungitell assay with GM Platelia assay. RESULTS: Twenty-two out of 30 @entity1 (74  %) had elevated BDG levels (mean 306  pg/ml) beyond the cutoff of 80  pg/ml. GM levels were elevated in only 3 @entity1 (10  %) over the ODI cutoff of >0.5. Following the BDG/GM and microbiological findings, 10 (34  %) cases were classified as probable @entity20585 and 12 (40  %) as possible @entity20585 . Eight (26  %) were classified as no @entity20585 . An overall sensitivity of 90  % (95  % CI 86-96  %) and specificity of 85  % (95  % CI 79-86  %) was found for the BDG Fungitell assay in @entity20585 . In contrast, an overall sensitivity of 30  % (95  % CI 26-38  %) and specificity of 98  % (95  % CI 94-100  %) was found for the GM Platelia assay. A false-negative rate of 70  % for probable @entity20585 and 85  % for probable/possible @entity20585 was detected for GM. The false-negative rate for BDG was 0  % in cases of probable @entity20585 and 45  % in cases of possible cases. CONCLUSION: BDG is a sensitive marker for @entity1 ' surveillance at risk of @entity20585 . In @entity1 with @entity1583 and @entity326 , early diagnosis of @entity20585 might be significantly improved by BDG compared to GM, also considering that BDG has the advantage of detecting @entity364 other than @entity20585 .

title: Comparison of Serum Galactomannan and 1,3-Beta-D-Glucan Determination for Early Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill @entity1 with @entity1583 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['IPA', 'Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['Septic Shock']


abstract: In an effort to settle the conflicting views on the proliferation kinetics of Kupffer cells (Kc), we performed 2/3 partial hepatectomy on @entity35 injected with Pelikan ink. Using an anti-rat macrophage monoclonal antibody, @entity2613 2, we evaluated the numerical changes in total, @entity505 -positive @entity2613 2+ cells and @entity505 -negative @entity2613 2+ cells in the portal and central area. We also analyzed the ultrastructure and peroxidase cytochemistry of various types of cells observed during regeneration. The total numbers of @entity2613 2+ cells in the remaining liver increased rapidly from day 2 to 5, and the number of dividing @entity2613 2+ cells reached a maximum on day 2. Thus, the numerical increase in @entity2613 2+ cells corresponded to the division phase. In contrast, the @entity505 -labeling experiment showed a continuous increase of @entity505 -negative @entity2613 2+ cells from day 2 to 7. In the central area where division was less frequent, the proportion of @entity505 -positive cells decreased markedly to 50% on day 7, as against 97% in control @entity35 . These findings suggest the possibility of an influx of @entity505 -negative Kc in addition to cell division. Ultrastructurally, the presence of @entity505 -negative "small Kc" and "immature Kc" with morphological features different from those of @entity505 -positive Kc was demonstrated. Such @entity505 -negative Kc with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and rather few phagosomes, were not observed in control @entity35 . Furthermore, we demonstrated two types of possible precursor cell, i.e. "transitional" forms between monocytes and Kc, and "immature macrophages". The former showed peroxidase activity in some lysosomes as well as in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. Our result indicated that the proliferation kinetics of Kc depend upon both local proliferation and influx.

title: Proliferation kinetics of XXXX Kupffer cells after partial hepatectomy. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Once-daily @entity801 therapy is becoming increasingly common in pediatric practice; however, little is known about pharmacokinetics in @entity3124 . @entity801 exhibits concentration dependant killing; thus, peak serum concentrations at least eight times higher than minimum inhibition concentration of the target organism have been recommended. We wanted to derive pharmacokinetic parameters for @entity801 in @entity3124 and to evaluate whether a dose of 8 mg/kg provides an adequate peak serum concentration (>16 mg/L). @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Population-based pharmacokinetic analyses were undertaken using therapeutic drug monitoring data collected prospectively in an intensive care unit over 6 months (n = 50 @entity1 ). Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the probability of achieving 1) peak concentrations >16 mg/L; and 2) trough concentrations <2 mg/L at 24 and 36 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The optimal pharmacokinetic model was of two-compartment disposition with zero order input and additive residual error. Weight was associated nonlinearly with clearance and linearly with volume, and age was a significant covariate for clearance. An 8-mg/kg dose provided near 100% probability of achieving adequate peak concentrations at all ages. However this probability decreased rapidly at doses <7 mg/kg with neonates being the most susceptible. Approximately 50% of nonpremature neonates within the first week of life, 25% of @entity1 , and 10% of @entity1 are likely to need a dose interval >24 hrs. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity801 dose of 8 mg/kg is highly likely to achieve peak concentrations >16 mg/L in critically ill @entity1 . A considerable proportion will require dose intervals >24 hrs; thus, therapeutic drug monitoring is essential.

title: Extended-interval XXXX : population pharmacokinetics in pediatric @entity3124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is debated whether early @entity130 -induced @entity1003 (TIC) in severely injured @entity1 reflects @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) with a fibrinolytic phenotype, @entity1003 of @entity130 (ACoTS) or yet other entities. This study investigated the prevalence of overt @entity5642 and ACoTS in @entity130 @entity1 and characterized these conditions based on their biomarker profiles. METHODS: An observational study was carried out at a single Level I @entity130 Center. Eighty adult @entity130 @entity1 (>= 18 years) who met criteria for full @entity130 team activation and had an arterial cannula inserted were included. Blood was sampled a median of 68 minutes (IQR 48 to 88) @entity130 . Data on demography, biochemistry, injury severity score (ISS) and mortality were recorded. Plasma/serum was analyzed for biomarkers reflecting tissue/endothelial cell/glycocalyx damage (histone-complexed DNA fragments, @entity4404 , @entity9820 , @entity13221 ), coagulation activation/inhibition (prothrombinfragment 1+2, thrombin/ @entity5582 -complexes, @entity5582 , protein C, activated protein C, endothelial protein C receptor, protein S, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, @entity2881 ), factor consumption ( @entity2002 , FXIII), fibrinolysis (D-dimer, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and @entity32 (interleukin (IL)-6, terminal complement complex (sC5b-9)). Comparison of @entity1 stratified according to the presence or absence of overt @entity5642 (International Society of @entity715 and Hemostasis (ISTH) criteria) or ACoTS (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and/or international normalized ratio (INR) above normal reference). RESULTS: No @entity1 had overt @entity5642 whereas 15% had ACoTS. ACoTS @entity1 had higher ISS, transfusion requirements and mortality (all P < 0.01) and a biomarker profile suggestive of enhanced tissue, endothelial cell and glycocalyx damage and @entity1003 with low protein C, @entity5582 , @entity2002 and FXIII levels, @entity9660 and @entity32 (all P < 0.05). Importantly, in non-ACoTS @entity1 , apart from APTT/INR, higher ISS correlated with biomarkers of enhanced tissue, endothelial cell and glycocalyx damage, protein C activation, coagulation factor consumption, @entity9660 and @entity32 , that is, resembling that observed in @entity1 with ACoTS. CONCLUSIONS: ACoTS and non-ACoTS may represent a continuum of @entity1003 reflecting a progressive early evolutionarily adapted hemostatic response to the @entity130 hit and both are parts of TIC whereas @entity5642 does not appear to be part of this early response.

title: @entity5642 or XXXX of @entity130 early after @entity130 ? An observational study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy', 'acute coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'post-injury', 'trauma', 'trauma shock']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['acute coagulopathy']


abstract: The testis is an immunologically privileged site. Very little is known about the factors regulating formation of immune responses elicited by a @entity5 in the testis. We have studied the immune response of the host testis against experimental testicular @entity44 in @entity19 by localizing adhesion molecules ( @entity6580 , @entity8024 , @entity27063 / @entity27064 , @entity3844 , @entity12213 , CD8 and @entity1961 ), cytokines ( @entity2047 , @entity58 , @entity777 , @entity1618 and IL-12), T-cell costimulators ( @entity8271 , @entity11787 ) and the lipid antigen presenting molecule @entity776 in the testis of 129/SvJ @entity19 with and without experimental testicular @entity44 . The testicular @entity44 were induced by grafting male gonadal ridges from 12-day-old 129/SvJ @entity19 fetuses into testes of adult @entity19 from the same strain. The @entity5 cultured intratesticularly for 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks (three animals per time point) were used for immunocytochemistry. @entity776 was detected in Sertoli cells and in some degenerated tubules of the host testis surrounding the graft. In the @entity5 , @entity776 was detected in glandular epithelia, smooth muscle and in thin fibers of neural origin. @entity2047 was observed in some blood vessels of the host testis and of the @entity5 and in occasional cell infiltrates around these vessels. Some tubular structures of the @entity5 were also positive for @entity2047 . @entity777 was detected in Sertoli cells of the normal testis and in Sertoli cells and in solitaryinterstitial cells as well as in the walls of some blood vessels of the host testis. The reaction for @entity777 was more prominent in the tubules apparently damaged by the growing @entity5 . In the @entity5 @entity777 was detected in epithelial structures, muscle cells, in thin fibers of neural origin and in some blood vessels. @entity1618 was detected in individual cells in the interstitium and in degenerating tubules of the host testis. In the @entity5 the epithelial structures were positive for @entity1618 . The interstitium of the host testis was positive for @entity6580 and the embryonic testicular cords in the graft were also positive, but the @entity5 was negative. @entity3844 and @entity12213 were observed in some blood vessels and in degenerated tubules of the host testis. In the @entity5 @entity3844 and @entity12213 were occasionally observed in cartilage and in epithelial structures. The results of the present study suggest that cytokine microenvironment in the testis containing neoplastic tissue promotes activation of humoral immune responses. In addition, as the damaged seminiferous tubules expressed increased amounts of two cytokines promoting humoral immune responses, @entity777 and @entity1618 , it is possible that also in other conditions with damage to the tubules, humoral immune responses predominate.

title: Experimental testicular XXXX promotes formation of humoral immune responses in the host testis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) is an innate defensive behavior that can be elicited by physical restriction and postural inversion and is characterized by a profound and temporary state of akinesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that the stimulation of @entity750 receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) appears to be biphasic during @entity6191 responses in @entity840 ( @entity840 ). @entity750 released by the DRN modulates behavioral responses and its release can occur through the action of different neurotransmitter systems, including the opioidergic and GABAergic systems. This study examines the role of opioidergic, GABAergic and serotonergic signaling in the DRN in @entity6191 defensive behavioral responses in @entity840 . Microinjection of @entity1286 (1.1 nmol) or @entity1027 (0.5 nmol) into the DRN increased the duration of @entity6191 . The effect of @entity1286 (1.1 nmol) was antagonized by pretreatment with @entity1510 (0.7 nmol), suggesting that the activation of   opioid receptors in the DRN facilitates the @entity6191 response. By contrast, microinjection of @entity6341 (0.5 nmol) into the DRN decreased the duration of @entity6191 . However, a dose of @entity6341 (0.26 nmol) that alone did not affect @entity6191 , was sufficient to inhibit the effect of @entity1286 (1.1 nmol) on @entity6191 , indicating that GABAergic and enkephalinergic neurons interact in the DRN. Microinjection of @entity11244 (1.6 nmol), a 5-HT(2) agonist, into the DRN also increased @entity6191 . This effect was inhibited by the prior administration of @entity1510 (0.7 nmol). Microinjection of @entity10097 (1.3 nmol) also blocked the increase of @entity6191 promoted by @entity1286 (1.1 nmol). Our results indicate that the opioidergic, GABAergic and serotonergic systems in the DRN are important for modulation of defensive behavioral responses of @entity6191 . Therefore, we suggest that opioid inhibition of GABAergic neurons results in @entity528 and this is the mechanism by which opioids could enhance @entity6191 . Conversely, a decrease in @entity6191 could occur through the activation of GABAergic interneurons.

title: Opioidergic, GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus modulates tonic immobility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11244 :: ('MESH:C042390', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-5-HT']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'Cavia porcellus']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['Tonic immobility', 'TI']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition of serotonergic neurons']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of different concentrations of ionized @entity1372 ( @entity11925 ) on peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) rate using @entity880 (Lac) and @entity880 / @entity3157 (Lac/Bic) dialysis solutions. DESIGN: Two random consecutive (after an interval of 48 hours) peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) were performed in 13 @entity1 (4 males and 9 females) on regular continuous ambulatory @entity298 ( @entity298 ) treatment for at least 3 months. Two different @entity298 solutions containing anhydrous @entity413 3.86% were used: a 40 mmol/L Lac solution and a 15/25 mmol/L mixed Lac/Bic solution. Concentrations of total @entity1372 ( @entity5983 ) and @entity11925 were measured by flame photometer and direct ion-selective electrode respectively. RESULTS: Dialysate concentrations of @entity5983 were not different during PETs using Lac and Lac/Bic. Dialysate concentrations of @entity11925 in fresh @entity298 solutions were different (133.3 +/- 1.7 vs 128.2 +/- 3.9 mmol, p < 0.0001); however, these differences disappeared just after the end of the infusion of the fresh solutions. Peritoneal UF rate was not significantly different during PETs using Lac versus Lac/Bic (609 +/- 301 mL vs 542 +/- 362 mL). The dialysate-to-plasma ratios of @entity1372 concentrations at 60 minutes of the PETs (which are expressions of free water transport) were not different using Lac versus Lac/Bic (0.89 +/- 0.04 vs 0.89 +/- 0.04 respectively, p = 0.96). All the other classical parameters of the PET were not different between Lac and Lac/Bic. CONCLUSIONS: The higher dialysate concentrations of @entity11925 due to lower dialysate pH and consequently the higher effective osmolality of the fresh Lac @entity298 solutions did not influence peritoneal UF rate, probably because of the fast reduction of @entity11925 concentrations due to rapid correction of dialysate pH at the end of the infusion of Lac solutions into the peritoneal cavity.

title: Effects of ionized @entity1372 concentrations on ultrafiltration rate in @entity298 using @entity880 and @entity880 / XXXX solutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4617 are rare but manifested with various clinical presentations and often cause unexpected symptoms or @entity944 . The objective is to review the clinical presentation, histopathological spectrum, mortality and follow-up data of @entity1 with @entity4617 following surgery treatment over a period of 5 years. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the medical records of all @entity1 diagnosed of @entity4617 in the period between January 2008 and December 2013 at the cardiac center of our university. Clinical histories, perioperative data, surgical findings, efficacy and follow-up data were reviewed in our study. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to site distribution of the @entity5 in the heart. RESULTS: A total of 131 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment of @entity4617 were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 51.39  16.37. The result of analysis showed that 79.47% (n=104) of the primary @entity5 were benign, while primary @entity5 accounted for 16.03% (n=21) of all @entity1 , with the remainder (n=6, 4.6%) @entity3 transferred from other organs. Among all @entity1 there were 2 in-hospital deaths and the survival rate in all @entity1 at 1-year, 3-year and 5-year follow up was 83.20%, 78.62% and 66.41% respectively. Both @entity1 with @entity5 in the left and right heart had similar basic characteristics except sex gender (P=0.002), BSA (P=0.045) and weight (P=0.033). Compared with @entity1 with @entity5 in the right heart, @entity1 with @entity5 in the left heart had significant higher CPB time (P<0.001), cross clamp time (P<0.001) and time of mechanical ventilation (P<0.001), and they also had longer ICU stay (P<0.001) but not total hospital stay (P=0.434). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection represents an effective protocol in treating @entity4617 . Data in our study of @entity4617 on frequency and allocation were consistent with previous reports which may provide useful clinical evidence on shared data, and data revealed that @entity1 with malignant @entity4617 had significant lower survival both in hospital and long-term follow-up.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : a 5-year experience from a single cardiac center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'tumors', 'intracardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac tumors', 'cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac tumors']


abstract: Acinar cells in @entity788 die through apoptosis and @entity39 , the roles of which are different. The severity of experimental @entity788 correlates directly with the extent of @entity39 and inversely, with apoptosis. Apoptosis is mediated by the release of @entity4674 into the cytosol followed by caspase activation, whereas @entity39 is associated with the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) loss leading to @entity855 depletion. Here, we investigate the role of @entity588 proteins in apoptosis and @entity39 in @entity788 . We found up-regulation of prosurvival @entity588 proteins in pancreas in various experimental models of @entity656 , most pronounced for @entity1836 . This up-regulation translated into increased levels of @entity1836 and @entity588 in pancreatic mitochondria. @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors induced @entity393 and @entity4674 release in isolated mitochondria. Corroborating the results on mitochondria, @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors induced @entity393 , @entity855 depletion and @entity39 in pancreatic acinar cells, both untreated and hyperstimulated with @entity13216 -8 (in vitro @entity788 model). Together @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors and @entity13216 induced more @entity39 than either treatment alone. @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors also stimulated @entity4674 release in acinar cells leading to @entity522 activation and apoptosis. However, different from their effect on pronecrotic signals, the stimulation by @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors of apoptotic responses was less in @entity13216 -treated than control cells. Therefore, @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors potentiated @entity13216 -induced @entity39 but not apoptosis. Correspondingly, transfection with @entity1836 siRNA stimulated @entity39 but not apoptosis in the in vitro @entity788 model. Further, in animal models of @entity788 @entity1836 up-regulation inversely correlated with @entity39 , but not apoptosis. Results indicate that @entity1836 and @entity588 protect acinar cells from @entity39 in @entity788 by stabilizing mitochondria against @entity204 signals. We conclude that @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibition would aggravate @entity656 , whereas @entity1836 / @entity588 up-regulation presents a strategy to prevent or attenuate @entity39 in @entity788 .

title: Prosurvival @entity588 proteins stabilize pancreatic mitochondria and protect against @entity39 in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['DeltaPsim loss']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: 92 @entity1 treated for @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) in the Department for @entity166 , University Hospital Osijek, over a 22-year period (1973-1995) were analysed. The @entity1 were mostly forestry workers. The appearance of the disease followed the biological activity of the tick, with the largest number of affected individuals recorded between April and August. @entity17991 in eastern Croatia is a relatively frequent @entity166 , appearing almost every year. In a smaller number (9.8%) of cases the clinical picture was @entity5827 , while in the majority of @entity1 (90.2%) it presented as an acute meningoencephalomyelitic form. The course was relatively severe in the majority of the @entity1 analysed, with @entity1662 (32.6%) and transitory neurological signs (61.9%). Three @entity1 died (3.3%) in the early phase of the disease. A monophasic course dominated. The clinical and epidemiological data were compared with the cases described in other parts of Croatia and regional differences were seen in the severity of illness. These variations could be due to the previously hypothesized different virus subtypes, or to some other unknown factors.

title: XXXX in eastern Croatia.

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases', 'infectious disease']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['Tick-borne encephalitis']


abstract: In cultured @entity291 chromaffin cells, changes in the dynamic state of @entity3000 stores elicited experimentally were studied by measuring cellular @entity34644 mRNA, as well as @entity3000 precursors and authentic @entity3000 content of cells and culture media. In parallel, @entity669 hydroxylase mRNA and @entity2922 cell content were also determined. Low concentrations (0.5-100 pM) of @entity619 increased the cell contents of @entity34644 mRNA and @entity3000 -containing peptides. High concentrations of the hormone (1 microM) were required to increase the cell contents of @entity669 hydroxylase mRNA and @entity2661 . Depolarization of the cells with 10 microM @entity13981 resulted in a depletion of @entity3000 and @entity2922 stores after 24 hr. The @entity3000 , but not the @entity2922 , content was restored by 48 hr. An increase in @entity34644 mRNA content might account for the recovery; this increase was curtailed by @entity1022 and enhanced by 10 pM @entity619 . @entity669 hydroxylase mRNA content was not significantly modified by depolarization, even in the presence of 1 microM @entity619 . @entity1369 , @entity1420 , @entity251 , or @entity53 (1 microM) failed to change @entity34644 mRNA. Hence, @entity619 appears to exert a specific permissive action on the stimulation of the @entity34644 gene elicited by depolarization. Though the @entity2661 and enkephalins are localized in the same chromaffin granules and are coreleased by depolarization, the genes coding for the processes that are rate limiting in the production of these neuromodulators can be differentially regulated.

title: Permissive effect of @entity619 on the increase of XXXX mRNA induced by depolarization of chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

answer: @entity34644 :: (281387(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['proenkephalin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study is to find predictors of remission, @entity2789 ( @entity2789 ), and @entity66 in a cohort of @entity1 with early onset @entity309 (EORA) that followed a therapeutic protocol aiming at remission, in a real world tight-control setting. EORA @entity1 were enrolled in a 3-year follow-up study. Clinical, biological, immunogenetic, and radiographical data were analyzed. Radiographs were scored according to Sharp-van der Heijde (SvdH) method. @entity2789 was defined by an increase of 3 units in 36  months. Remission was defined as DAS28 <2.6. A stepwise multiple logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of the three target outcomes. One hundred twenty-nine @entity1 were included. Baseline disease activity was high. Significant overall improvement was observed, but only 33.3  % achieved remission. At 36  month, 50.4  % (65) of @entity1 showed @entity2681 . @entity2789 was observed in 62.7  % (81) of cases. Statistical analysis showed that baseline SvdH score was the only predictive factor associated with the three outcomes evaluated. @entity6684 and absence of autoantibodies were predictive of remission. Higher levels of ESR and presence of @entity2681 at entry were predictive of @entity2789 . Independent baseline predictors of @entity66 were anti-CCP and RF positivity, symptom duration at baseline >3  months, and presence of @entity1533 shared epitope. Radiographic damage at baseline was the main predictor of outcomes. Autoantibodies, HAQ and ESR at baseline, symptom duration before diagnosis, and @entity1533 status had influence on clinical course and development of @entity75 in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of remission, @entity66 and XXXX in a Colombian cohort of early onset @entity309 : a 3-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'radiographic progression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease', 'incident erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity6684 :: ('MESH:C564703', 'Disease') :: ['Lower HAQ-DI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural joint damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Colombian RA']

answer: @entity2789 :: (MESH:D018450,Disease) :: ['radiographic progression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary bladder of @entity235 can be a difficult @entity5 to treat, and effective therapies are limited. @entity5713 has been used in @entity1 with @entity1606 and has potent anti-proliferative effects against @entity235 @entity1606 cells in vitro. OBJECTIVES: To determine the antitumor activity and toxicoses of @entity5713 in @entity235 with urinary bladder @entity1606 . ANIMALS: Animals selected were 28 privately owned @entity235 that presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (PUVTH) with measurable, histologically confirmed @entity1606 . METHODS: Prospective clinical trial: The starting @entity5713 dosage was 3.0 mg/m(2) i.v. every 2 weeks. Treatment continued until @entity5 progression or unacceptable toxicoses occurred. Complete evaluations (physical exam, complete blood count [CBC], serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, thoracic radiography, abdominal ultrasound [US]) were performed at 8-week intervals. Urinary tract US with @entity150 mapping was performed monthly. Toxicoses were graded according to Veterinary Co-Operative Oncology Group (VCOG) criteria. RESULTS: @entity5 responses included 10 (36%) partial remission, 14 (50%) stable disease, and 4 (14%) progressive disease. The median progression free interval was 122 days (range, 28-399 days). The median survival time was 147 days (range, 28-476 days) from 1st @entity5713 treatment to @entity204 and 299 days (range, 43-921 days) from diagnosis to @entity204 . The majority of @entity235 (27 of 28) did not have clinically relevant adverse effects. Seventeen of 28 (61%) @entity235 required dosage reductions because of @entity1398 . CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: @entity5713 has antitumor activity against @entity1606 in @entity235 and can be considered another treatment option for this @entity5 .

title: Clinical trial of XXXX in @entity235 with transitional cell @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine', 'Vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of @entity19 @entity460 -activated @entity2865 channel family member 3 ( @entity30733 ) has been reported to be increased in the airway epithelium of @entity748 @entity19 challenged with @entity10328 (OVA). However, its role in @entity748 airway inflammation under no OVA exposure has not yet been clarified. METHODS: @entity30733 plasmids were transfected into the airways of normal BALB/c @entity19 . @entity30733 expression and airway inflammation in @entity19 lung tissue were evaluated. Cell differentials and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. The expression of @entity30733 protein and mucus protein @entity30927 ( @entity30927 ) were analyzed by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of @entity30733 , @entity30927 and @entity1312 ( @entity1312 ) were determined quantitatively. RESULTS: @entity30733 expression was not detected in the control group while strong immunoreactivity was detected in the OVA and @entity30733 plasmid groups, and was strictly localized to the airway epithelium. The numbers of inflammatory cells in lung tissue and BALF were increased in both @entity30733 plasmid and OVA groups. The protein and mRNA levels of @entity30733 and @entity30927 in the lung tissue were significantly increased in the @entity30733 plasmid and OVA groups compared to the control group. The level of @entity1312 , but not @entity58 , @entity59 , IFN-y, @entity1750 , @entity638 or @entity639 , was significantly increased compared with control group in BALF in the @entity30733 plasmid and OVA groups. The level of @entity1312 in the BALF in the @entity30733 plasmid group was much higher than that in the OVA group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity30733 mRNA in lung tissue was positively correlated with the levels of @entity30927 mRNA in lung tissue, @entity1312 mRNA in lung tissue, the number of eosinophils in BALF, and the content of @entity1312 protein in BALF. The level of @entity1312 mRNA in lung tissue was positively correlated with the number of eosinophils in BALF and the level of @entity30927 mRNA in lung tissue. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that increased expression of a single-gene, @entity30733 , could simulate an @entity565 attack, and its mechanism may involve @entity30733 overexpression up-regulating @entity1312 expression.

title: @entity19 XXXX -activated @entity2865 channel family member 3 induces @entity748 airway inflammation independently of allergen exposure.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: C57BL/6 @entity19 sensitized by abdominal, dermal exposure to irradiated (50 kR) @entity380 cercariae develop partial protection against subsequent exposure with unattenuated cercariae and express cell-mediated cutaneous sensitivity upon challenge with irradiated cercariae. Autoimmunoregulation occurs as a part of this sensitization, and can be demonstrated by augmentation of cutaneous sensitivity upon use of appropriate regimens of @entity786 . @entity19 exposed to irradiated cercariae by either intraperitoneal or ear pinna routes developed a transient @entity6306 to cercarial challenge. This unresponsiveness was also reversed by pretreatment with @entity786 . Timed removal of the site of effective sensitization (abdominal skin) 7 days after exposure consistently led to reduced cutaneous responsiveness. This artificially induced @entity6306 was reversed by either @entity786 treatment or systemic administration of anti-I-Jb, but not anti-I-Jk sera. The data indicate the involvement of @entity786 -sensitive, I-J-bearing T-suppressor cells or factors in the autoimmunoregulation that controls this cutaneous sensitivity. Parallel challenge infection studies in immunized @entity19 treated with @entity786 demonstrated that the resultant augmentation of cutaneous sensitivity did not lead to concomitantly elevated levels of resistance. Furthermore, successful adoptive cell transfer of cutaneous responsiveness also did not ensure protection against cercarial challenge. These observations indicate that dermal cell-mediated anti-cercarial responsiveness is not a sufficient mechanism to explain resistance in @entity19 immunized with irradiated cercariae.

title: Cutaneous sensitivity induced by immunization with irradiated XXXX cercariae. II. Autoimmunoregulation of cell-mediated cutaneous sensitivity and its reversal.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1823 represents a challenge for the neurosurgeon, since they invade major vessels and compress critical @entity129 , resulting in significant morbidity from @entity5 resection. Among alternative and complementary treatment options, gamma knife radiosurgery is a less invasive procedure and may provide better protection of vital structures. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term outcomes of gamma knife surgery in the treatment of these @entity5 in a large series with the longest follow-up period compared with previous reports. A total of 18 @entity1 with @entity1823 that underwent gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) were included. Eleven @entity1 had a history of previous microsurgical treatment. The mean marginal radiation dose was 15.6 Gy (median 15 Gy, range 13-20 Gy). @entity1 were followed for a mean period of 52.7 months (median 41.5 months); the effect of gamma knife radiosurgery was evaluated using magnetic resonance (MR) images. Based on the last MR images, @entity5 control could be achieved in 17 out of 18 @entity1 (94.4%). No complications such as radiation-induced peritumoral @entity4 or radiation @entity39 occurred. Neurological follow-up examinations revealed improved clinical status in ten @entity1 (55.6%), stable neurological status in seven (38.9%), and deterioration in one @entity1 (5.5%). At the last visit, 17 out of 18 @entity1 were alive. Our results indicate that stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment modality in the management of @entity1823 , particularly for residual or previously untreated small @entity5 .

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['glomus jugulare tumors']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['glomus jugulare tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can relieve @entity9 when applied at high frequency (HF: 5-20  Hz) over the primary motor cortex (M1), contralateral to @entity158 side. In most studies, rTMS is delivered over the hand motor hot spot (hMHS), whatever @entity158 location. Navigation systems have been developed to guide rTMS targeting, but their value to improve rTMS efficacy remains to be demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of HF-rTMS targeting the hMHS (non-navigated procedure) or the M1 representation of the @entity158 region (navigated procedure). METHODS: The analgesic effect of a single session of 10  Hz-rTMS of M1 was assessed in 66 @entity1 with @entity9 of various causes and locations, according to three conditions: sham or active non-navigated rTMS of the hMHS and active navigated rTMS of the @entity158 region. RESULTS: @entity158 was relieved by both active rTMS conditions, and not by sham. @entity158 location influenced the results: upper or lower @entity158 was significantly relieved, but not facial or hemibody @entity158 . @entity158 relief lasted 1  week only after navigated rTMS, compared to sham. CONCLUSION: Navigation may improve HF-rTMS efficacy in @entity1 with @entity158 , whereas targeting remains to be optimized for more @entity158 . WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: To produce analgesic effects, HF-rTMS should be applied over the precentral cortex contralaterally to the @entity158 side. Although the hMHS is the target normally chosen for stimulation, the optimal target has not been defined yet. Neuronavigational methods have been recently developed; they allow the integration of MRI data and are thought to improve rTMS efficacy.

title: Analgesic effects of navigated motor cortex rTMS in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'limb pain', 'diffuse or facial pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']