abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways plays a pivotal role in @entity5 initiation and progression. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of blueberry in the @entity14705 ( @entity14705 ) @entity105 model based on its ability to target @entity2533 , @entity10412 / @entity584 , MAPK and NF-kB signaling and its impact on invasion and angiogenesis. @entity957 were induced in the @entity14705 by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ). The effect of blueberry on the oncogenic signaling pathways and downstream events was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Experiments with the ECV304 cell line were performed to explore the mechanism by which blueberry regulates angiogenesis. Blueberry supplementation inhibited the development and progression of @entity189 by abrogating @entity2533 and @entity10412 / @entity584 pathways. Although blueberry failed to influence MAPK, it suppressed NF-kB activation by preventing nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65. Blueberry also modulated the expression of the oncomiR @entity10017 and the @entity5 suppressor let-7. Collectively, these changes induced a shift to an anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic phenotype as evidenced by downregulating matrix metalloproteinases and @entity7 . Blueberry also inhibited angiogenesis in ECV304 cells by suppressing migration and tube formation. The results of the present study suggest that targeting oncogenic signaling pathways that influence acquisition of @entity5 hallmarks is an effective strategy for chemointervention. Identification of modulatory effects on phosphorylation, intracellular localization of oncogenic transcription factors and microRNAs unraveled by the present study as key mechanisms of action of blueberry is critical from a therapeutic perspective.

title: Blueberry inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in XXXX ( @entity106 )-induced oral squamous cell @entity105 in hamsters via suppression of @entity2533 and NF-kB signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['hamster buccal pouch', 'HBP']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HBP carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']


abstract: Past studies examining the prevalence of @entity146 among migrants have described a higher rate of @entity161 , whereas the only major German study found a lower rate. Considering the changed composition of migrants today, a new assessment has become necessary. All admission records of migrants to a @entity146 clinic in 1993 and 1994 were assessed for diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment. Two hundred sixty-three migrant admissions, 8.4% of total admissions, were assessed. Of these 41.4% received a diagnosis of a @entity161 , significantly more than other clinic @entity1 . The mean age at admission was 33.8 years, at onset of illness 28.6 years and at time of migration 20.3 years. Only 7.9% were mentally ill at the time of migration. Of those with @entity716 and @entity308 at admission, 70% received a diagnosis of a @entity161 and 78% were treated with antipsychotics. Antidepressants were prescribed only to 47% of those with a diagnosis of a @entity308 and only 33% of those with @entity308 and no @entity716 . An underrepresentation of migrants shows differences in the use of @entity146 services. The higher rate of @entity161 may be due to misdiagnosis, an artifactual effect of underrepresentation of other disorders or an actual higher rate among migrants. The reluctance to use antidepressants underlines the necessity of training, so as not to withhold treatment options due to cultural barriers.

title: XXXX among migrants in Germany: prevalence in a @entity146 clinic and implications for services and research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is not generally considered a @entity74 , even though extensive evidence suggests an undefined genetic influence. Linkage analysis identified a number of genome regions that could contain variations linked to @entity6994 . METHODS: In this case-control association study, genes possibly involved in the development of @entity6994 were investigated. DNA samples from 460 North Italian @entity1 with @entity6994 and 444 controls were collected. Candidate genes were selected based on their possible functional involvement (6 genes) or because of their location within linkage-identified genomic regions @entity30268 and IGAN3 (5 and 13 genes within chromosome 4q26-31 and 17q12-22, respectively). One hundred and ninety-two tag and functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were typed with Veracode GoldenGate technology (Illumina). RESULTS: @entity30269 showed an association with @entity6994 ( @entity30270 : P = 0.0019 and @entity30271 : P = 0.0049). Associations were found when the population was stratified by gender ( @entity30269 , @entity30272 , @entity21864 , @entity1427 , @entity1428 in males and @entity30269 , @entity6946 , @entity30273 in females) and by age ( @entity2939 , @entity1428 in @entity1 aged <27 years). Furthermore, @entity30274 in @entity2939 showed an association with @entity644 (G allele: P = 0.0091; GG genotype: P = 0.0077). CONCLUSIONS: Age and gender are likely to evidence distinct immunological and inflammatory reactions leading to individual susceptibility to @entity6994 . Overall, a genetic predisposition to sporadic @entity6994 was found. We might hypothesize that @entity30269 and @entity2939 polymorphisms influence the risk to develop @entity6994 and @entity644 , respectively.

title: Search for genetic association between IgA @entity8 and candidate genes selected by function or by gene mapping at loci XXXX and IGAN3.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

answer: @entity30268 :: (100653384,Gene) :: ['IGAN2']


abstract: Multiple studies have examined adding nebulized @entity13265 to intermittent @entity3045 for the treatment of @entity697 . Although continuous nebulized treatments in themselves offer benefits; few data exist regarding the efficacy of adding @entity13265 to a continuous nebulized system. To compare continuous nebulized @entity3045 alone (A) vs. @entity3045 and @entity13265 (AI) in adult @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with @entity697 , a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted on a convenience sample of @entity1 (IRB approved). The setting was an urban @entity341 . Consenting @entity1 > 18 years of age with peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) < 70% predicted, between October 15 and December 28, 1999, were randomized to @entity3045 (7.5 mg/h) + @entity13265 (1.0 mg/h), or @entity3045 alone via continuous nebulization using the Hope Nebulizer (B_B Technologies Inc., Orangevale, CA) for 2 h. Main outcome measures were changed in mean improvement at 60 and 120 min PEFR compared to baseline (time 0). Secondary measures were admission rates. Data were analyzed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests (p < 0.05 statistically significant). Sixty-two @entity1 (30 @entity1 ) completed enrollment: 32 in (AI) and (30) in (A). Four (A) and 2 (AI) @entity1 are without 120 min data: 3 (A) and 1 (AI) were discharged after 60 min, whereas one each (A) and (AI) worsened and were admitted before 120 min. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in age, sex, predicted or initial PEFR. Thirteen (19.4%) @entity1 were admitted. There was no statistically significant difference in improvement of mean PEFR at 60 min or 120 min compared to baseline, between groups, using repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean improvement in PEFR at 60 min compared to baseline (time 0): (A) = 93.2 L/min (95% confidence interval [CI] 64.5-121.8), (AI) = 86.6 L/min (95% CI 58.9-114.3); mean improvement in PEFR at 120 min compared to baseline (time 0) (A) = 116.5 L/min (95% CI 84.5-148.5), (AI) = 126.4 L/min (95% CI 95.4-157.4). There was no statistically significant difference in admission rates between groups: 5/30 (A) and 8/32 (AI) (p = 0.62). There were no significant differences in mean improvement of PEFR at either 60 or 120 min between @entity341 @entity1 with @entity697 receiving continuous @entity3045 alone vs. those receiving @entity3045 in combination with @entity13265 .

title: A randomized, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of continuous nebulized @entity3045 (15 mg) versus continuous nebulized @entity3045 (15 mg) plus XXXX (2 mg) for the treatment of @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

answer: @entity13265 :: (MESH:D009241,Chemical) :: ['ipratropium bromide']


abstract: In a retrospective study of 54 @entity1 with primary @entity5772 seen at the Montreal General Hospital from 1979 to 1984, the overall 2-year survival for those with stage I disease was 92%. Surgery alone was the initial treatment in 84% of these @entity1 . Disease recurred in 36%. In stage II @entity1 , 8 of 12 had surgery followed by radiotherapy; 37% had recurrent disease. Surgery alone was used in 4 of 12 and with recurrence in 3. Overall survival in stage II was 83% at 2 years. In cases of @entity66 , the survival rate for surgery alone was not significantly different from that after surgery plus radiotherapy. Combined surgery plus radiotherapy might offer better regional control in @entity34 . Of 18 stage III @entity1 , 7 were treated by surgery followed by radiotherapy; 3 died and 4 are disease free. All had commando procedures. Radiotherapy alone was used in seven and six of them had recurrences. Overall, the 2-year survival for stage III was 61%. Control of regional disease was achieved in 57% of those who had surgery plus radiotherapy as opposed to 39% overall. Stage IV @entity1 had a 2-year survival of 10%. Nine of the 11 received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. This combination did not improve survival and most of these @entity1 died within 1 year.

title: XXXX : the Montreal General Hospital experience from 1979 to 1984.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity5772 :: (MESH:D014062,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the tongue']


abstract: Apoptosis is the fundamental process necessary for eliminating damaged or mutated cells. Alterations in the apoptotic pathway appear to be key events in @entity5 development and progression. @entity588 is the key member of the @entity588 family of apoptosis regulator proteins with anti-apoptotic effects. Survivin acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis as well and has been implicated in both inhibition of apoptosis and mitosis regulation. @entity876 is one of the @entity5 suppressor proteins, prevents @entity5 formation through cell cycle blocking and eliminates damaged cells via the activation of apoptosis. The Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation. To investigate the possible interactions of the aforementioned proteins, we examined their expression in 76 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity2 using immunohistochemical visualisation. Ki-67 protein was expressed in the @entity5 cells of all @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ). We found a negative correlation between survivin and @entity876 expression. A decreased intensity of survivin expression and fewer cells positive for survivin (66.7%) in @entity151 in comparison with other @entity2 types (98.0%) was detected. Reversely, expression of @entity588 was found in more than 90% of cases with @entity151 . We hypothesize that high expression and intensity of @entity588 protein could be a factor behind a bad prognosis in @entity151 .

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity588 , Survivin and @entity876 Proteins in XXXX with @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We studied the clinical significance of electrocardiographic ST segment changes during @entity951 attacks. Of 478 AMI @entity1 admitted to the CCU of our hospital within 48 hours after onset, we evaluated 73 (15.3%) with @entity951 . According to electrocardiographic ST segment changes during @entity951 attacks, the @entity1 were divided into three groups, namely ST elevation at the same @entity1188 site (same site elevation group), ST @entity308 at the same site (same site @entity308 group), and ST @entity308 at other sites (other site @entity308 group), and their pathological condition was studied. There were 33 @entity1 (45.2%) in the same site elevation group, 19 (26.0%) in the same site @entity308 group, and 21 (28.8%) in the other site @entity308 group. The predominant @entity1188 areas were anteroseptal and inferior wall in the same site elevation group, NTMI in the same site @entity308 group, and inferior wall in the other site @entity308 group. @entity951 usually occurred within 4 days after the onset of @entity1188 in the same site elevation group, and within 5-7 days in the other site @entity308 group, but no uniform trend was observed in the same site @entity308 group. With respect to the number of vessels showing disease, cases of @entity66 tended to predominate in the same site elevation group, while cases of @entity66 tended to predominate in the same site @entity308 group and the other site @entity308 group. @entity850 rates in the vessels responsible for @entity1188 were high in the same site elevation group in the acute period. Prognoses were poorest in the same site @entity308 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A clinical study of XXXX ( @entity951 ): the significance of electrocardiographic ST segment changes during anginal attacks].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease', 'single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['postinfarction angina']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review gives an integrated view on the current status of decompressive surgery in space-occupying hemispheric @entity4798 with a focus on new developments based on the available data of recent clinical trials, also including preliminary data from randomized trials reported at international @entity64 conferences in 2006. RECENT FINDINGS: The treatment of @entity63 @entity4798 with life-threatening space-occupying @entity4 is, because of a lack of prospective studies, one of the major controversial issues within neurocritical care medicine today. Only a few years ago, massive @entity385 were regarded an untreatable disease with fatal outcome. The introduction of decompressive surgery (hemicraniectomy) has completely changed this point of view. Most of the reports, however, are retrospective with low numbers of @entity1 . There are only few prospective trials that suggest a substantial benefit of decompressive surgery to significantly reduce mortality as compared to maximal conservative treatment alone. The control groups in these studies, however, consist of @entity1 with higher age and higher rates of co-morbidities. Also, in most studies information on long-term outcome is insufficient. In 2006 long expected preliminary data from randomized trials of hemicraniectomy have been reported at international @entity64 conferences. They yield very positive results. SUMMARY: Decompressive surgery appears to be a promising treatment option for @entity1 with space-occupying hemispheric @entity4798 .

title: The role of surgery in XXXX : decompressive surgery.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14 is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide. Incidence rates of large intestine @entity5 indicate a role of environmental and occupational factors. The role of essential elements and their interaction with toxic metals can contribute to the explanation of a complex mechanism by which large intestine @entity5 develops. Bearing this in mind, determining the levels of essential and toxic elements in tissues (organs), as well as in body fluids, seems to shed light on their role in the mode of action in @entity5 . AIM: Determination of the levels of @entity3409 , @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity4259 , @entity460 , @entity1760 , and @entity68 in large intestine malignant tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two intraoperative intestine sections were investigated: one from the malignant tissue and the other one from the normal tissue, collected from each @entity1 with diagnosed large intestine @entity5 . @entity3409 , @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity460 , @entity1760 , and @entity68 levels were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry, and @entity4259 levels by spectrofluorimetric method. RESULTS: The levels of @entity920 , @entity4259 , and @entity1760 were higher in the malignant than in normal tissues. In addition, the @entity219 / @entity920 and @entity460 / @entity1760 relationship was altered in malignant tissue, where correlations were lower compared to non-malignant tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The results seems to demonstrate disturbed homeostasis of some essential elements. However, it is hard to confirm their involvement in the aetiology of @entity14 .

title: Concentrations of XXXX and selected essential elements in malignant large intestine tissue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: Previous clinical studies pertaining to blood gas changes following nasal packing have agreed that the packing is frequently followed by @entity519 but have found differing responses in arterial PCO2 to nasal packing. This is of more than incidental importance, because the mechanisms by which @entity519 develops should determine the method by which the @entity519 is treated. The various causes of @entity519 are reviewed, and a method of instituting an indwelling systemic arterial catheter for the purpose of drawing sequential blood samples for gas determinations is described. Using the indwelling arterial catheters, arterial blood was sampled from a series of awake, unsedated @entity235 before, during, and after the @entity235 were subjected to anterior and posterior nasal packing. Blood gas determinations showed significant @entity308 of @entity4095 and elevations of PCO2 during the period when the packing was in place. The altered blood gas values quickly returned to essentially normal (control) values after the packing was removed. In order to help assess the degree of lower airway response to an upper airway stimulus as a cause of these blood gas changes, the protocol was repeated in previously laryngectomized @entity235 . In these animals no consistently significant change occurred in either the @entity4095 or PCO2 following either the packing or its removal. Our findings suggest that @entity1224 (and @entity3316 ) rather than increased bronchomotor tone is the main cause of @entity519 in awake @entity235 with anterior and posterior packing. Because of the likelihood of @entity3316 and significant hypercarbia in @entity1 in whom nasal packing is employed, we discourage the routine usage of @entity26 , unless blood gas levels are checked prior to the institution of @entity26 therapy.

title: Arterial blood gas changes following nasal packing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is an increasing interest in reexamining the relationship between @entity413 levels and @entity260 . Threshold levels of HbA1c below those currently recommended may be additional indicators of risk for @entity8 . In this study, the authors analyzed the perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations to evaluate the association of HbA1c levels and @entity8 . DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Research and training hospital, single institution. @entity1 : The prospectively collected data of 510 coronary bypass @entity1 with documented HbA1c levels were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: The relationship of @entity4051 c with postoperative renal morbidity was evaluated with logistic regression analysis with lower threshold value (5.9%) for elevated levels. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-three @entity1 (57.5%) had elevated HbA1c values. @entity1 with high HbA1c levels (>5.9%) had higher incidences of @entity731 . The incidence of @entity810 was higher in the high HbA1c group (11.9% v 1.8%; p = 0.0001). The high HbA1c group had higher incidence of renal morbidity (odds ratio = 4.608), and every 1% increase over 5.9% increased risk of @entity8 by 23.6%. The other factors associated with renal morbidity were known history of @entity6 , @entity740 , and performance of any concomitant procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated levels of HbA1c are associated with @entity8 and the cut-off values of HbA1c could be lowered to the upper range of normal limits.

title: Use of a lower cut-off value for HbA1c to predict XXXX risk in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications', 'renal and cardiovascular dysfunction', 'increased renal complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative renal complication']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We report early results using a second generation locking plate, non-contact bridging plate (NCB PH((R)), Zimmer Inc. Warsaw, IN, USA), for the treatment of @entity6342 . The NCB PH combines conventional plating technique with polyaxial screw placement and angular stability. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: A single level-1 @entity130 center. @entity1 : A total of 50 @entity1 with @entity6342 were treated from May 2004 to December 2005. INTERVENTION: Surgery was performed in open technique in all cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Implant-related complications, clinical parameters (duration of surgery, range of motion, Constant-Murley Score, subjective @entity1 satisfaction, complications) and radiographic evaluation [union, implant loosening, implant-related complications and @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) of the humeral head] at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: All fractures available to follow-up (48 of 50) went to union within the follow-up period of 6 months. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up, one @entity1 died of a cause unrelated to the @entity130 , four @entity1 developed @entity2530 with cutout, one @entity1 had implant loosening, three @entity1 experienced cutout and one @entity1 had an @entity66 (onset unknown). The average age- and gender-related Constant Score (n = 35) was 76. CONCLUSIONS: The NCB PH combines conventional plating technique with polyaxial screw placement and angular stability. Although the complication rate was 19%, with a reoperation rate of 12%, the early results show that the NCB PH is a safe implant for the treatment of @entity6342 .

title: Early results in the treatment of XXXX with a polyaxial locking plate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axillary nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'AVN']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: @entity3 and @entity879 are rarities with a high mortality. In the literature there is no @entity1 surviving an extended @entity3 of the paranasal sinuses and skull base after failure of operative intervention and of postoperative @entity2379 therapy. We report a complete remission of an invasive, partially @entity879 . After an incomplete removal of the mycotic mass, we started postoperative drug therapy with @entity2379 . Under this treatment, the @entity3217 progressed. Additionally, the @entity1 developed severe side effects, so that the treatment was interrupted. At this moment, we started a combined antimycotic drug therapy with liposomal @entity2379 and @entity2059 . Within 10 weeks, clinically and radiologically, there was complete remission. The @entity1 died 63 weeks after this treatment, due to a fulminant @entity2028 . Postmortem histologic examination showed no @entity2381 in the skull base, paranasal sinuses, or lung.

title: Successful treatment of an @entity3 of the skull base and paranasal sinuses with liposomal XXXX and @entity2059 .

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: @entity8315 , an agent that causes a @entity1 @entity17 , @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ), is known to induce @entity1313 in hamsters. The regulatory region of the virus reported to be implicated in its tissue specificity and to be highly variable among different isolates. In a study of the regulatory region, first we isolated the @entity8315 genome directly from the brain of a @entity1 with suspected @entity7578 . We amplified the regulatory region of the virus by using the polymerase chain reaction, and we compared with three JC viruses which had been isolated previously ( @entity20400 , @entity26112 , and TKY-1). The brain tissue was shown to be infected with @entity8315 , as confirmed by the presence of viral antigen on immunohistochemical testing and by the demonstration of viral nucleic acids upon in situ hybridization. Southern blot analysis of the regulatory region disclosed that the isolate from our @entity1 , which was designated as @entity28674 , was roughly homologous in all three types of JC viruses, with preservation of the constant regions. However, the cut site for PvuII in @entity28674 was different from that in @entity20400 and @entity26112 , and a pair of cut sites, for Nco I-PvuII, was unique to TKY-1 and absent in @entity28674 ; this showed that @entity28674 was a new type of @entity8315 . Second, we compared the regulatory regions of TKY-1 and its viral DNA integrated in a hamster @entity1313 cell line (I-23) induced by TKY-1. We found no great difference between these two genomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Molecular-pathology analysis of regulatory region and transformation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity8315 :: (10632,Species) :: ['JC virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibition of shRNA mediated by magnetic liposome in the growth of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) under the interference of magnetic field in vitro and in vivo and explore the effects of magnetic field on the efficiency of magnetofection. METHODS: The plasmid of pGFPshIGF-1R was constructed for expressing GFP and shRNA against @entity2856 . CombiMAG as superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles (SPIONs) and Lipofectamine2000 as cationic liposome comprised the magnetic liposome. pGFPshIGF-1R was transferred into A549 cells by magnetofection under a series of interaction durations and intensity of external magnetic fields. pGFPshIGF-1R was delivered into A549 cells in vitro and injected intravenously into the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 every 48 h for four doses in vivo by way of lipofection or magnetofection. The magnetofection efficiency was analyzed by cytometry and the potency of @entity2856 knockdown by Western blot. At Week 3 after the 4th injection, the @entity19 were sacrificed and the @entity5 removed and weighed. The @entity5 inhibition rate was calculated. RESULTS: The interaction durations and intensity of magnetic field could influence the magnetofection efficiency. In vitro, @entity2856 specific-shRNA transfected by lipofection inhibited @entity2856 protein by 56.1%    6.0% and by liposomal magnetofection by 85.1%    3.0%. In vivo, pGFPshIGF-1R delivered by both lipofection and magnetofection significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth by 41.3% (P < 0.01) and 65.2% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Based on magnetic liposome as gene vectors, magnetofection may become a promising targeted therapy for @entity2 . And the transfection efficiency is influenced by magnetic field.

title: [Magnetic liposome mediated shRNA specifically suppresses the growth of XXXX in vitro and in vivo].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who have undergone Roux-en-Y @entity356 for morbid @entity28 may develop postoperative @entity490 that require surgical evaluation. @entity1689 and @entity158 associated with @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) is an uncommon disorder whose clinical diagnosis is problematic without sphincter of Oddi manometry. To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1690 in the @entity356 population, a retrospective review and analysis of @entity356 @entity1 who had undergone transduodenal sphincteroplasty (TS) for @entity1690 was undertaken. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who had undergone TS after @entity356 at the Medical University of South Carolina Digestive Disease Center from January 2002 to December 2006 were evaluated for outcomes-based data with the approval of the institutional review board for the evaluation of @entity1 subjects. Long-term @entity1 outcomes were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item, version 2, quality-of-life survey. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 (median age 49 years) were identified who had undergone TS with biliary sphincteroplasty and pancreatic ductal septoplasty for @entity1690 . The indications for surgery included @entity158 (100%), @entity390 (31%), @entity353 (13%), and recurrent @entity788 (31%). The diagnosis of @entity1690 was supported by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation. Three @entity260 (18.8%) developed, but no mortality. The average length of hospital stay was 5 days (range 2-9). Of the 16 @entity1 , 13 (81%) responded to the survey follow-up. The mean length of follow-up was 28 months (range 16-57). Of the 13 @entity1 , 11 (85%) reported @entity158 improvement after surgery. The survey's norm-based scores were similar to those of a representative population. CONCLUSION: @entity1690 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity356 @entity1 with @entity158 after cholecystectomy. When the clinical history is supported by laboratory and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography data, TS can be undertaken with low morbidity and good @entity1 outcomes. @entity1690 is a notable disorder in the @entity356 population. With appropriate @entity1 selection, TS can be beneficial.

title: @entity1690 after Roux-en-Y XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bypass']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric bypass']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report on our experience on salvage nasopharyngectomy using the maxillary swing approach for persistent or recurrent @entity189 after primary treatment. METHODS: Over the @entity16247 decades, we have performed salvage nasopharyngectomies for 246 @entity1 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (15%) had persistent disease and 209 (85%) had recurrent @entity5 . RESULTS: All @entity1 survived the operation with minimal morbidity. Negative resection margins were achieved in 191 @entity1 (78%), and 55 @entity1 (22%) had microscopic @entity66 . The median follow-up was 38 months. The 5-year actuarial control of disease in the nasopharynx was 74%. The 5-year disease-free survival was 56%. Cox regression model identified the negative resection margin and the size of the @entity5 as 2 independent factors that affected local control of disease and survival. CONCLUSION: Maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy is an effective salvage procedure for a small, persistent, or recurrent @entity5 in the nasopharynx after primary therapy.

title: Surgical salvage of persistent or recurrent XXXX with maxillary swing approach - Critical appraisal after 2 decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Spectral computed tomography (SCT) generates better image quality than conventional computed tomography (CT). It has overcome several limitations for imaging @entity731 . However, the literature evaluating the performance of SCT based on objective image assessment is very limited for the task of discriminating plaques. We developed a numerical-observer method and used it to assess performance on discrimination vulnerable-plaque features and compared the performance among multienergy CT (MECT), dual-energy CT (DECT), and conventional CT methods. Our numerical observer was designed to incorporate all spectral information and comprised two-processing stages. First, each energy-window domain was preprocessed by a set of localized @entity29983 ( @entity29983 ). In this step, the spectral image in each energy bin was decorrelated using localized prewhitening and matched filtering with a set of Laguerre-Gaussian channel functions. Second, the series of the intermediate scores computed from all the CHOs were integrated by a Hotelling observer with an additional prewhitening and matched filter. The overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were obtained, yielding an overall discrimination performance metric. The performance of our new observer was evaluated for the particular binary classification task of differentiating between alternative plaque characterizations in carotid arteries. A clinically realistic model of signal variability was also included in our simulation of the discrimination tasks. The inclusion of signal variation is a key to applying the proposed observer method to spectral CT data. Hence, the task-based approaches based on the signal-known-exactly/background-known-exactly (SKE/BKE) framework and the clinical-relevant signal-known-statistically/background-known-exactly (SKS/BKE) framework were applied for analytical computation of figures of merit (FOM). Simulated data of a carotid- @entity731 @entity1 were used to validate our methods. We used an extended cardiac-torso anthropomorphic digital phantom and three simulated plaque types (i.e., calcified @entity1560 , and @entity1496 -mixed blood). The images were reconstructed using a standard filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm for all the acquisition methods and were applied to perform two different discrimination tasks of: (1)  calcified @entity1560 and (2)  calcified plaque versus @entity1496 -mixed blood. MECT outperformed DECT and conventional CT systems for all cases of the SKE/BKE and SKS/BKE tasks (all [Formula: see text]). On average of signal variability, MECT yielded the SNR improvements over other acquisition methods in the range of 46.8% to 65.3% (all [Formula: see text]) for FBP-Ramp images and 53.2% to 67.7% (all [Formula: see text]) for FBP-Hanning images for both identification tasks. This proposed numerical observer combined with our signal variability framework is promising for assessing material characterization obtained through the additional energy-dependent attenuation information of SCT. These methods can be further extended to other clinical tasks such as kidney or urinary stone identification applications.

title: Numerical observer for XXXX classification in spectral computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['plaque, fatty-mixed plaque', 'plaque versus fatty-mixed plaque']

entities_list: @entity29983 :: ('OMIM:160800', 'Disease') :: ['channelized Hotelling observers', 'CHO']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: Increased male susceptibility to long-term @entity73 is well described in clinical and experimental studies of neonatal @entity2806 . While cell @entity204 signaling pathways are known to be sexually dimorphic, a sex-dependent pathophysiological mechanism preceding the majority of secondary cell @entity204 has yet to be described. @entity2383 contributes to cell @entity204 following cerebral @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Several lines of evidence suggest that there are sex differences in the mitochondrial metabolism of adult mammals. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that @entity2383 and associated oxidative stress is more severe in males than females following @entity63 . Maximal brain mitochondrial respiration during oxidative phosphorylation was two-fold more impaired in males following @entity63 . The endogenous antioxidant @entity2041 was 30% higher in the brain of sham females compared to males. Females also exhibited increased @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activity following @entity63 . Conversely, males displayed a reduction in mitochondrial @entity34025 protein levels and mitochondrial GPx activity. Moreover, a 3-4-fold increase in oxidative protein carbonylation was observed in the cortex, perirhinal cortex, and hippocampus of injured males, but not females. These data provide the first evidence for sex-dependent mitochondrial @entity1576 and oxidative damage, which may contribute to the relative male susceptibility to adverse long-term outcomes following @entity63 . Lower basal @entity6172 levels, lower post- @entity519 mitochondrial @entity2041 peroxidase (mtGPx) activity, and mitochondrial @entity2041 peroxidase 4 (mtGPx4) protein levels may contribute to the susceptibility of the male brain to oxidative damage and @entity2383 following neonatal @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Treatment of male pups with @entity4162 ( @entity4162 ) protects against the loss of mtGPx activity, mtGPx4 protein, and @entity101 after @entity63 . These findings provide novel insight into the pathophysiology of sexually dimorphic outcomes following @entity63 .

title: Sex-dependent mitochondrial @entity1576 and oxidative stress in a rat model of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemia', 'HI', 'HI injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in protein carbonylation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine', 'ALCAR']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'Mitochondrial dysfunction', 'brain mitochondrial respiratory impairment']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the success rate of electroejaculatory stimulation in @entity1 with acquired @entity3510 in a single Irish institution. The use of electroejaculatory stimulation is of benefit in @entity1 with @entity1566 who wish to have @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of the Hospital In- @entity1 Enquiry scheme database and the @entity1 ' medical notes was performed. Any @entity1 who had undergone electroejaculatory stimulation in the past 14 years was included. The quality of semen obtained and the pregnancy rate were assessed in relation to several variables, including @entity1 age and level of @entity3510 . RESULTS: From 1994 to 2008, 31 @entity1 (29 @entity1 with acquired @entity3510 @entity1 with a @entity4681 ) had undergone electroejaculatory stimulation as a method of providing semen for assisted conception. Of the 31 @entity1 , 6 had requested cryopreservation of their semen for future use and were therefore excluded from the pregnancy rate analysis. Of the 25 @entity1 who had used the semen, 9 (36%) were successful in achieving pregnancy that resulted in living offspring. The semen analysis results were available for 15 @entity1 . Three @entity1 (one each with contaminated semen, poor semen quality, and an abandoned procedure) required testicular biopsy to extract viable sperm and subsequently achieved pregnancy. Lower @entity66 (below T10) were associated with lower rates of pregnancy after electroejaculatory stimulation. One @entity1 developed @entity12805 during the procedure, which was therefore abandoned. CONCLUSIONS: Electroejaculatory stimulation is an effective method of obtaining semen for reproductive purposes and is an option for fertility preservation in @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Electroejaculatory stimulation for male infertility secondary to XXXX : the Irish experience in National Rehabilitation Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'spinal injury and 2', 'spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['congenital spinal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury-related anejaculation']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The @entity1 immune system consists of a balance between immune surveillance against non-self antigens and tolerance of self-antigens. @entity405 (+) T cells and @entity404 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main players for immune surveillance and tolerance, respectively. We examined immunohistochemically the immunological balance at the @entity5 site using 94 surgically resected @entity14 tissues. @entity403 ( @entity403 )(+) cells were considered to be Tregs in the present study. The number of intratumoral @entity403 (+) cells (itFOXP3(+) cells) was positively correlated with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030). itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio negatively correlated with pathological stages (P = 0.048). Next, relationship between the number of itCD8(+) T cells or itFOXP3(+) cells and survival prognosis in 94 @entity1 who underwent a curative resection was analyzed. Only itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio positively correlated with disease-free survival (0.023) and overall survival (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis indicated that itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio is an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.035) of overall survival. The number of itFOXP3(+) cells positively correlated with @entity2533 @entity2533 production at the @entity5 site (P = 0.020). In conclusion, itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio is a predictive marker for both disease-free survival time and overall survival time in @entity1 with @entity14 . Importantly, itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio may be an independent prognostic factor. And, @entity5 -producing @entity2533 may contribute to the increased number of itFOXP3(+) cells.

title: Intratumoral @entity405 (+) T/ @entity403 (+) cell ratio is a predictive marker for survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a severe @entity2057 caused by frame shifting and nonsense mutations in the @entity4714 gene. Through skipping of an (additional) exon from the pre-mRNA, the reading frame can be restored. This can be achieved with antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), which induce exon skipping by binding to splice sites or splice enhancer sites. The resulting protein will be shorter but at least partially functional. So far, exon skipping has been very successful in cell cultures, in @entity19 and @entity235 models, and even in a first exploratory study in @entity1 . Current research mainly focuses on optimization of systemic AON delivery. Here we give an overview of the available @entity19 models. To obtain the most informative results for future clinical application, research may have to move from the currently preferred mdx @entity19 to @entity19 models more comparable to @entity1 , such as the @entity28243 / @entity4714 -negative @entity19 and the hDMD @entity19 models. Further, we briefly discuss two AON backbone chemistries that are currently in clinical trials for @entity1555 exon skipping. We propose that different chemistries should be further developed in parallel in order to hasten the transfer of the exon skipping therapy to the clinic.

title: Development of antisense-mediated exon skipping as a treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle-wasting disease']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although outdoor particulate matter (PM) has been linked to mortality and @entity565 morbidity, the impact of indoor PM on @entity565 has not been well established. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of in-home PM on @entity565 morbidity. METHODS: For a cohort of 150 asthmatic @entity1 (2-6 years of age) from Baltimore, Maryland, a technician deployed environmental monitoring equipment in the @entity1 's bedrooms for 3-day intervals at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Caregivers completed questionnaires and daily diaries during air sampling. Longitudinal data analyses included regression models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: @entity1 were primarily African Americans (91%) from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and spent most of their time in the home. Mean (+/- SD) indoor PM(2.5-10) (PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5-10 microm) and PM(2.5) (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm) concentrations were 17.4 +/- 21.0 and 40.3 +/- 35.4 microg/m(3). In adjusted models, 10-microg/m(3) increases in indoor PM(2.5-10) and PM(2.5) were associated with increased incidences of @entity565 symptoms: 6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 12%] and 3% (95% CI, -1 to 7%), respectively; symptoms causing @entity1 to slow down: 8% (95% CI, 2 to 14%) and 4% (95% CI, 0 to 9%), respectively; nocturnal symptoms: 8% (95% CI, 1 to 14%) and 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10%), respectively; wheezing that limited speech: 11% (95% CI, 3 to 19%) and 7% (95% CI, 0 to 14%), respectively; and use of rescue medication: 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10%) and 4% (95% CI, 1 to 8%), respectively. Increases of 10 microg/m(3) in indoor and ambient PM(2.5) were associated with 7% (95% CI, 2 to 11%) and 26% (95% CI, 1 to 52%) increases in exercise-related symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Among preschool asthmatic @entity1 in Baltimore, increases in in-home PM(2.5-10) and PM(2.5) were associated with respiratory symptoms and rescue medication use. Increases in in-home and ambient PM(2.5) were associated with exercise-related symptoms. Although reducing PM outdoors may decrease @entity565 morbidity, reducing PM indoors, especially in homes of inner-city @entity1 , may lead to improved @entity565 health.

title: In-home particle concentrations and childhood XXXX morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 remains a clinical entity. Reports of negative appendectomies range from 9% to 40%. The goal of this study is to evaluate clinical performance and factors associated with @entity532 . METHODS: Records of @entity1 with a preoperative or postoperative diagnosis of @entity698 between January 1994 and December 1997 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected. Multivariate analysis was carried out by logistical regression. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-seven consecutive cases were reviewed (male 132, female 105). The mean age was 31.4 +/- 16.8. Twenty-three cases had other surgical conditions. In the remaining cases (n = 214), 127 (59.4%) had noncomplicated @entity698 , 69 (32.2%) had @entity532 , and 18 (8.4%) had negative exploration. Delays occurring before first medical consultation were significantly longer in @entity1 with @entity532 (3.30 days) and negative exploration (3.00 days) compared to @entity1 with noncomplicated @entity698 (1.24 days) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable rates of negative appendix and @entity532 can be obtained from clinical data. The presence of @entity532 is primarily associated with a longer delay before first medical consultation.

title: XXXX is a place for clinical judgement.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis']


abstract: This article describes a case of backout of the helical blade, a rare complication of proximal femoral nail antirotation. A 31-year-old @entity1 had sustained a trochanteric @entity174 of his right femur. @entity174 fixation using proximal femoral nail antirotation and autologous bone grafting 7 months later were performed at another hospital. However, bony union was not obtained, and the @entity1 's @entity158 and limp persisted. Therefore, he presented to the current authors. A radiograph taken at presentation revealed backout of the helical blade and @entity174 nonunion. A radiograph taken 1 month later showed a more advanced backout of the helical blade. The authors performed exchange nailing supplemented with transplantation of peripheral blood @entity2280 -positive cells and autologous bone grafting. The proximal femoral nail antirotation was revised to a long gamma 3 nail, and a U-lag screw was used to obtain better stability. The postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity1 regained ambulation without @entity158 or support at 12 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic bony union was completed 9 months postoperatively. At 1-year follow-up, he could run and stand on the previously injured leg and had returned to work. Backout of the helical blade should be considered as a possible complication of proximal femoral nail antirotation. Incomplete fixation of the helical blade is the possible reason for backout. The use of a helical blade in young @entity1 may cause difficulty in insertion and result in incomplete fixation.

title: Backout of the helical blade of proximal femoral nail antirotation and accompanying XXXX nonunion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Anthracyclines are important in the treatment of numerous malignant diseases but the use is limited by a risk of @entity712 (CHF). @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) measurements by radionuclide ventriculography with multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) is often used for cardiac monitoring. However, diastolic variables have been proposed as sensitive supplements. It was hypothesized that a change in diastolic filling variables measured by MUGA could identify individuals after @entity1259 treatment (ET) in risk of developing @entity712 . A retrospective analysis of registered raw data. Individuals completing high-dose ET for @entity0 were selected from a 2-year period. All had MUGA-scans performed prior to and after ET and were observed clinically for late development of CHF. Eleven of 34 individuals developed CHF. A significant @entity1002 -reduction was recorded after ET with only minor changes in diastolic parameters. Development of CHF was related to dose, entry-blood pressure and inversely to post- @entity1259 @entity1002 . Risk of CHF was high if @entity1002 <50% (Hazard ratio 3.31). @entity1259 induces considerable decrease in @entity1002 and a high risk of CHF. The risk of CHF is significantly higher if @entity1002 is reduced after ET. Diastolic MUGA-variables seem to add little information to conventional measurements of @entity1002 .

title: Systolic versus diastolic cardiac function variables during XXXX treatment for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: We aim to identify specific areas of white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM), which predict disability progression and @entity73 after five years in @entity1 with primary-progressive @entity15 (PPMS). Thirty-two @entity1 with early PPMS were assessed at baseline and after five years on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and EDSS step-changes were calculated. At year five, a subgroup of 25 @entity1 and 31 healthy controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Baseline imaging consisted of dual-echo (proton density and T2-weighted), T1-weighted volumetric, and diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created, and fed into tract-based spatial statistics. To compensate for the potential bias introduced by WM lesions, the T1 volumes underwent a lesion-filling procedure before entering a voxel-based morphometry protocol. To investigate whether FA and GM volume predicted EDSS step-changes over five years and neuropsychological tests scores at five years, voxelwise linear regression analyses were performed. Lower FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC) predicted a greater progression of disability over the follow-up. Lower FA along the entire CC predicted worse verbal memory, attention and speed of information processing, and executive function at five years. GM baseline volume did not predict any clinical variable. Our findings highlight the importance of damage to the interhemispheric callosal pathways in determining physical and @entity73 in PPMS. Disruption of these pathways, which interconnect motor and cognitive networks between the two hemispheres, may result in a disconnection syndrome that contributes to long-term physical and @entity73 .

title: Corpus callosum damage predicts disability progression and @entity73 in primary-progressive XXXX after five years.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'cognitive disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of blood products with @entity8728 and light has been used to reduce the number of certain pathogens. Orientia (formerly @entity9557 , the scrub typhus agent, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that grows free in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This study evaluated the capability of @entity8728 and light to inactivate @entity9557 in red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma, as measured by @entity19 infectivity. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 108 @entity19 , equally divided into groups receiving RBCs, plasma, and PLTs, received untreated products infected with 10(0) to 10(5) organisms. Eighteen @entity19 received products infected with 10(5) organisms and were subsequently treated with @entity8728 and light. @entity19 were monitored daily for up to 17 days for signs and symptoms of @entity281 (e.g., lethargy, labored breathing, rough coat) and killed upon appearance of symptoms or on Day 17 after @entity281 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood and Giemsa stains from peritoneal exudates were performed. RESULTS: A total of 102 of 108 @entity19 receiving the untreated products developed signs and symptoms of @entity281 and had positive PCR and Giemsa stain results. None of the 18 animals receiving @entity8728 and light-treated blood products exhibited signs or symptoms of @entity281 , nor was @entity281 observed by PCR testing or Giemsa staining. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8728 and light are effective in reducing @entity9557 . @entity19 injected with blood products inoculated with 10(5) organisms and treated with @entity8728 and light did not experience any signs or symptoms of @entity281 , 17 days after inoculation. A 5-log reduction of this organism in blood was achieved as assayed in an animal model.

title: Inactivation of XXXX in red blood cells, plasma, and platelets with @entity8728 and light, as demonstrated in an animal model.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['O. tsutsugamushi', 'Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin', 'Riboflavin']

answer: @entity9557 :: (784,Species) :: ['Orientia tsutsugamushi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few clinical studies or randomized clinical trial results have reported the impact of fast-track surgery on @entity1 immunity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and immune impact of fast-track surgery in @entity14 @entity1 undergoing elective open surgery. METHODS: A controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 with a 1-month postdischarge follow-up. A total of 70 @entity1 with @entity14 requiring colorectal resection were randomized into two groups: a fast-track group (35 cases) and a conventional care group (35 cases). All included @entity1 underwent elective open colorectal resection with combined tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Clinical parameters and markers of immune function were evaluated in both groups postoperatively. RESULTS: In all, 62 @entity1 completed the study: 32 in the fast-track group and 30 in the conventional care group. Our findings revealed a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay and faster @entity344 in @entity1 undergoing fast-track rehabilitation. In addition, we found a quicker response of white blood cells in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group. We also found that blood levels of globulin, immunoglobulin G, and complement 4 on postoperative day 3 were higher in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group. CONCLUSIONS: Fast-track surgery accelerates clinical recovery and improves postoperative immunity after elective open surgery for @entity14 .

title: Fast-track surgery improves postoperative clinical recovery and immunity after elective surgery for XXXX : randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['return of gastrointestinal function']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The impact of activating @entity9371 (aKIR) and inhibitory @entity9371 (iKIR) on @entity3012 , relapse-related mortality (RRM) and acute GVHD (aGVHD) was prospectively studied in 84 adults with high-risk @entity1583 receiving reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) T-cell depleted hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) from haploidentical related donors. In this clinical model, freedom from RRM is dependent on GVL effect. @entity1 were divided into myeloid (n=49) and lymphoid (n=35) malignancy groups. @entity9371 -ligand and ligand-ligand models were studied in both GVH and rejection directions and statistically correlated with outcome measures. In the myeloid group, @entity3012 was higher (P=0.009) and RRM was lower (P=0.036) in @entity1 missing HLA-C group2 ligand to donor iKIR. @entity3012 was higher if @entity1 had >1 missing ligand (P=0.018). In @entity706 , missing ligand to donor @entity9371 had no impact on @entity3012 or RRM. However, @entity3012 was better with donor aKIR 2DS2 (P=0.028). There was a trend towards shorter @entity3012 in recipient with @entity16304 , 2DS5 and 3DS1, although sample sizes were too small to provide inferential statistics. Findings in @entity706 @entity1 should be further studied. These results suggest that the absence of appropriate HLA ligands in the recipient to donor iKIR may induce GVL without aGVHD in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing TCD-RIC transplants.

title: Differential impact of inhibitory and activating XXXX ( @entity9371 ) on high-risk @entity1 with myeloid and @entity706 undergoing reduced intensity transplantation from haploidentical related donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity9371 :: (3805,Gene) :: ['Killer Ig-Like Receptors']


abstract: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic assay was used to develop markers for detection of @entity18327 (= @entity18327 ), a @entity20695 producing fungus in @entity2829 tissues. Species-specific primers were designed based on sequence data from the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene (FUM1- previously FUM5) responsible for @entity20695 production in fungi. Four sets of oligonucleotide primers were tested for their specificity using 24 strains of @entity18327 , 10 F. proliferatum, and 12 of other Fusarium species. In addition, 13 species of other fungal genera, from four phyla, were tested as negative controls. Among the four sets, primer set B consistently amplified a 419-bp fragment from the DNA 96% of all @entity18327 strains and 83% of F. proliferatum. All other fungi tested were negative using primer set B. A total of 38% of the @entity18327 strains grown on a selective liquid medium produced @entity20695 and 92% formed the toxin on standard @entity579 medium. When @entity20695 formed in culture, PCR assay using primer set B detected every strain of @entity18327 , but only amplified 80% of F. proliferatum strains that produced the toxin. PCR detection was consistent at 100 pg/microl concentration of genomic DNA from 4 @entity18327 strains, but varied at 10 pg/microl. Two duplicate greenhouse tests using artificially inoculated @entity2829 plants, had greater levels of @entity18327 detected after re-evaluting using primer set B than from culturing of the tissues. The molecular protocols described in this study requires only 1 day for completion compared to approximately 10 days for cultural @entity296 . In conclusion, conventional PCR assay using primer set B provides a sensitive and accurate detection assay that can be used as a primary or secondary confirmation method for identification and occurrence of @entity18327 within the @entity2829 tissues. However, studies using primer set B for @entity20695 production determined by strains of @entity18327 and F. proliferatum will require further verification.

title: Identification of select @entity20695 forming Fusarium species using PCR applications of the polyketide synthase gene and its relationship to XXXX production in vitro.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['work and morphological determination']

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['F. moniliforme', 'F. verticillioides', 'Fusarium verticillioides']

entities_list: @entity20695 :: ('CHEBI:38224', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin']

answer: @entity20695 :: (CHEBI:38224,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin']


abstract: We studied the expression of the cya promoter(s) in cya-lac fusion strains of @entity2491 and demonstrated @entity268 receptor protein (CRP)-dependent repression by @entity268 . Expression of cya was reduced about fourfold in cultures grown in @entity598 minimal medium as compared to cultures grown in @entity3776 minimal medium. Expression of cya was also reduced about fourfold by addition of 5 mM @entity268 to cultures grown in @entity413 minimal medium. We constructed in vitro deletion and insertion mutations altering a major cya promoter (P2) and a putative CRP binding site overlapping P2. These mutations were recombined into the chromosome by allele replacement with M13mp::cya recombinant phages and the regulation of the mutant promoters was analyzed. A 4-bp deletion of the CRP binding site and a 4-bp insertion in this site nearly eliminated repression by @entity268 . A mutant with the P2 promoter and the CRP binding site both deleted exhibited an 80% reduction in cya expression; the 20% residual expression was insensitive to @entity268 repression. This mutant retained a Cya+ phenotype. Taken together, the results establish that the cya gene is transcribed from multiple promoters one of which, P2, is negatively regulated by the @entity268 -CRP complex. Correction for the contribution to transcription by the @entity268 -CRP nonregulated cya promoters indicates that the P2 promoter is repressed at least eightfold by @entity268 -CRP.

title: Mutations that affect transcription and cyclic AMP-CRP regulation of the adenylate cyclase gene (cya) of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a complex process of cell turnover involved in both normal and pathologic processes in the body. Impairments in the apoptotic pathways contribute to tumorigenesis and the development of @entity5 resistance to chemotherapy. The proto-oncogene @entity588 appears to serve a critical antiapoptotic function. Its broad expression in @entity5 coupled with its role in resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis make @entity588 a rational target for anticancer therapy. The @entity588 antisense drug oblimersen @entity1372 (Genasense) enhances apoptosis alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in vitro and in numerous xenograft models of @entity5 and @entity1583 . Results from xenograft models of @entity320 were especially encouraging, prompting @entity320 to be identified as an initial @entity1 trial candidate. In a phase II trial in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 resistant to first-line chemotherapy (including @entity2699 [DTIC-Dome]), three objective responses and three minor responses to oblimersen plus @entity2699 were observed among 14 @entity1 . In a large randomized phase III trial, oblimersen plus @entity2699 showed a near doubling of response rate vs @entity2699 alone and a significant prolongation of progression-free survival. For the primary endpoint of overall survival, a significant benefit for the combination was not seen. The ability of oblimersen to modulate apoptosis suggests a new paradigm of anticancer therapy that has clinical potential in a variety of @entity5 and @entity1583 . Further, @entity25811 is the first antisense molecule studied in clinical trials for its anticancer properties, opening up an entirely new direction for therapy.

title: Apoptosis, XXXX antisense, and @entity5 therapy.

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematologic cancers']

entities_list: @entity25811 :: ('MESH:C408162', 'Chemical') :: ['oblimersen']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The three largest adult @entity64 trials investigating mechanical embolectomy retrieval devices in @entity64 (the Merci, Multi Merci and Penumbra Pivotal @entity64 Trials) excluded @entity1 . There is a need to expand the literature on mechanical embolectomy in large vessel pediatric arterial @entity385 . This paper reports the use of two mechanical embolectomy devices cleared by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in four consecutive cases. METHODS: Our pediatric @entity64 database from 2002 to the present was reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 were included if they were diagnosed with an acute large vessel occlusion, were <18 years of age and underwent recanalization with a device cleared by the FDA. Clinical and radiographic results were abstracted from medical record review. The Pediatric National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (PedNIHSS) score at presentation and at discharge and a pediatric-modified Rankin Scale (Ped-mRS) at approximately 90 days were scored retrospectively based on documented examinations. RESULTS: Four @entity1 aged 4-17 years with a PedNIHSS score at presentation ranging from 2 to 17 points underwent mechanical embolectomy for reperfusion of the basilar artery (n=3), M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery (n=1) and right internal carotid artery terminus (n=1). Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) grade 3 was achieved in four vessels and TICI grade 2A was achieved in one vessel; there was one asymptomatic @entity548 . Intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator was administered in two vessels. The PedNIHSS score at discharge ranged from 0 to 16 points and the Ped-mRS score at approximately 90 days ranged from 0 to 3 with 75% achieving a Ped-mRS score of  <=2. CONCLUSION: Mechanical embolectomy using the Merci and Penumbra systems may be a feasible therapeutic option in the treatment of large vessel pediatric arterial @entity385 .

title: Mechanical embolectomy for treatment of large vessel acute XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity1 prolactin ( @entity4090 ) is a pleiotropic and versatile hormone that exercises more than 300 biological activities through binding to its cognate receptors. Recently, multiple studies have implicated @entity4090 in the development of @entity1 @entity0 . As a target of @entity4090 , both normal and neoplastic @entity1 breast cells also synthesize and secrete @entity4090 , which therefore establishes an autocrine/paracrine action loop in the mammary gland. In contrast to the extensive studies of regulation of @entity4090 expression in the pituitary gland, regulation of @entity4090 in mammary tissue and @entity1 @entity0 cells has not been extensively addressed. Extrapituitary @entity4090 expression is primarily regulated by a distal promoter located 5.8 kb upstream to the pituitary promoter. As a result of alternative promoter usage, extrapituitary @entity4090 is regulated by different signalling pathways and different hormones, cytokines or neuropeptides compared to regulation in the pituitary. Here, we present evidence that shows @entity172 directly induces @entity4090 gene expression in T47D human @entity0 cells. We have identified a functional, non-canonical @entity172 responsive element (ERE) and an @entity1178 site located in the @entity4090 distal promoter. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both @entity172 receptor (ER)alpha and @entity1783 directly bind to the ERE. However, only @entity1782 interacts with @entity1178 proteins that bind to the @entity1178 site in the @entity4090 distal promoter. Promoter-reporter gene studies demonstrate that both ERE and @entity1178 sites are required for full induction of the promoter activity by @entity53 . Our studies suggest that the interactions between @entity172 , ERs, the ERE and @entity1178 transcription factors in regulation of autocrine/paracrine @entity4090 in the @entity1 breast may be critical for oncogenesis and may contribute to progression of @entity0 .

title: @entity172 stimulates transcription from the @entity1 prolactin distal promoter through XXXX and @entity172 responsive elements in T47D human @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['AP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: A significant proportion of @entity1 who require interventions for @entity627 have coexisting @entity886 . To date, little is known of the natural history of @entity886 in these @entity1 . METHODS: The details of a cohort of 200 @entity1 (146 females, 54 males; mean age at MV intervention 30.3 +/- 9.9 years) with @entity6331 were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 had undergone an index MV intervention (either closed or balloon mitral valvotomy) or MV replacement between 1994 and 1996, and received long-term regular follow up examinations. The clinical and echocardiographic data at entry and at follow up were noted. @entity1 were allocated to two groups, based on whether the @entity886 was absent (group I, n=98) or present (group II, n=102) at baseline. The @entity886 was categorized as thickening only (group IIA), isolated @entity337 ( @entity337 ) (group IIB), or combined @entity472 ( @entity472 ) and @entity337 (group IIC). No @entity1 had isolated @entity472 at baseline. RESULTS: The mean follow up period was 9.3 +/- 1.07 years; during which 10 @entity1 in group I developed new @entity886 , which included AV thickening only (n=2), trivial-mild @entity337 (n=7) and mild @entity472 with trivial @entity337 (n=1). Of 16 @entity1 in group IIA, 11 developed @entity337 , and one @entity1 progressed to have mild @entity472 and @entity337 . Among 69 @entity1 in group IIB, 22 (31.9%) developed @entity472 , and all had either mild (n=8) or moderate (n=14) @entity337 with mild @entity472 . Group IIC included 17 @entity1 with mild combined @entity886 at baseline, except for moderate @entity472 and moderate @entity337 in one @entity1 each. Among 16 @entity1 with mild @entity472 in group IIC, six progressed to moderate @entity472 and two to severe @entity472 . @entity337 became moderate in 10 @entity1 and severe in one @entity1 . The two @entity1 who progressed to severe @entity472 requiring AV replacement had mild @entity472 at baseline. No @entity1 who developed new combined @entity886 had lesions with severity more than mild @entity472 or moderate @entity337 . On logistic regression analysis of the variables predisposing to progression of @entity886 , such as age, gender, history of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) and recurrence, and interval from @entity4789 episode to symptom onset, only the initial AV gradient was identified as being statistically significant (beta coefficient 0.528, SE = 0.17, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with no or mild @entity886 at the time of MV intervention rarely develop severe @entity886 , and seldom require AV surgery over the long-term follow up. The presence of mild @entity472 at baseline is predictive in the minority of cases where @entity886 will progress relatively more rapidly.

title: Natural history of XXXX following intervention for @entity627 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral valve (MV) disease']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AV disease', 'aortic valve (AV) disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['isolated AR', 'AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve disease']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity308 is associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the exact nature of the relationship between @entity146 and @entity25 is debated. In this study, bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) was carried out to create a model of @entity308 in @entity35 . The sleep-wake profiles were assayed using a cutting-edge sleep bioassay system, and @entity146 were evaluated by open field and forced swimming tests. The @entity1154 content and @entity1154 metabolite levels in the brain were determined by a HPLC-electrochemical detection system. OBX @entity35 exhibited a significant @entity11755 , especially between 15:00 and 18:00 hours during the light period. Acute treatment with @entity905 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately abolished the OBX-induced @entity11755 , but @entity2915 in the open field test and the time spent immobile in the forced swimming test remained unchanged. Neurochemistry studies revealed that acute administration of @entity905 increased @entity750 ( @entity750 ) levels in the hippocampus, thalamus, and midbrain and decreased levels of the @entity750 metabolite @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ). The ratio of @entity5581 to @entity750 decreased in almost all regions of the brain. These results indicate that acute administration of @entity905 can reduce the @entity11755 but does not change the @entity146 in OBX @entity35 , suggesting that there was no causality between @entity11755 and @entity146 in OBX @entity35 .

title: Acute administration of @entity905 normalizes rapid eye movement sleep abnormality, but not XXXX in olfactory bulbectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep abnormalities', 'increase in REM sleep']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep abnormalities']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['depressive behaviors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between resting heart rate (RHR) and @entity65 and mortality has been shown in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We aimed to evaluate the RHR and its relationship with clinical variables in outpatients with stable @entity453 at secondary and tertiary care centers in @entity233 . METHODS: Adults with stable @entity453 in sinus rhythm were included in this non-interventional, national, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Data were collected at a single study visit from 83 centers. RESULTS: The mean    standard deviation age of all @entity1 (n = 2,919) was 61    10 years and 73% were males. The mean (SD) RHR was 73    12 bpm, and 62% of @entity1 had RHR of >=  70 bpm. Females more frequently had RHR >=  70 bpm compared with males (67% vs. 60%; p = 0.002). RHR was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity951 than in those without (76    13 vs. 73    11 bpm, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction and heart rate lower-ing drug use were significantly lower in @entity1 with a RHR >=  70 bpm (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RHR of outpatients with stable @entity453 was not within the level recommended by the guidelines.

title: Analysis of resting heart rate and clinical characteristics in outpatients with stable @entity453 in XXXX : PULSE study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 of parents with a @entity1032 (COPMI) are at increased risk for developing @entity146 because of multiple risk factors which threaten parenting quality and thereby @entity1 development. Preventive basic care management (PBCM) is an intervention aimed at reducing risk factors and addressing the needs of COPMI-families in different domains. The intervention may lead to financial consequences in the healthcare sector and in other sectors, also known as inter-sectoral costs and benefits (ICBs). The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of PBCM from three perspectives: a narrow healthcare perspective, a social care perspective (including childcare costs) and a broad societal perspective (including all ICBs). METHODS: Effects on parenting quality (as measured by the HOME) and costs during an 18-month period were studied in in a randomized controlled trial. Families received PBCM (n   =   49) or care as usual (CAU) (n   =   50). For all three perspectives, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Stochastic uncertainty in the data was dealt with using non-parametric bootstraps. Sensitivity analyses included calculating ICERs excluding cost outliers, and making an adjustment for baseline cost differences. RESULTS: Parenting quality improved in the PBCM group and declined in the CAU group, and PBCM was shown to be more costly than CAU. ICERs differ from 461 @entity7634 (healthcare perspective) to 215 @entity7634 (social care perspective) to 175 @entity7634 (societal perspective) per one point improvement on the HOME T-score. The results of the sensitivity analyses, based on complete cases and excluding cost outliers, support the finding that the ICER is lower when adopting a broader perspective. The subgroup analysis and the analysis with baseline adjustments resulted in higher ICERs. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first economic evaluation of family-focused preventive basic care management for COPMI in @entity146 and family services. The effects of the chosen perspective on determining the cost-effectiveness of PBCM underscore the importance of economic studies of interdepartmental policies. Future studies focusing on the cost-effectiveness of programs like PBCM in other sites and studies with more power are encouraged as this may improve the quality of information used in supporting decision making. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR2569 , date of registration 2010-10-12.

title: Cost-effectiveness of preventive case management for parents with a XXXX : a randomized controlled trial from three economic perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'costly psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS) of @entity1 with @entity5 invading the middle cranial fossa (MCF) who underwent a lateral or anterolateral skull base resection. This study was a retrospective analysis in a tertiary referral center and included 62 @entity1 with @entity5 invading the MCF (stage T4b) treated with surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy. All @entity1 had sharp @entity158 and involvement of at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-eight @entity1 had not been treated previously, and 34 had previously been treated elsewhere. The MCF dura was infiltrated and resected in 36 cases, and in nine of these, there was an intradural extension of the @entity5 , with @entity1315 . Thirty-six @entity1 underwent reconstruction with a temporalis muscle pedicled flap, and 26 @entity1 with a free flap. There was a 22% overall rate of @entity260 , but no intraoperative deaths. The median follow-up time was 49 months (range 2 to 186). Overall DFS was 33.9% and was higher for untreated @entity1 (46.4% versus 23.5%) and for @entity1 in whom clean margins were achieved (51.4% versus 12.5%). The survival time for @entity1 who died of disease was 9 months for @entity957 and 38 months for @entity2347 . All @entity1 experienced anesthesia in the territory of the resected trigeminal branches, but their @entity158 vanished, and their quality of life improved. Lateral skull base surgery may achieve satisfactory oncologic results for @entity1 with @entity5 , with improved quality of life for almost all @entity1 .

title: Surgery for XXXX involving the middle cranial fossa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'low-grade tumors', 'maxillary malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid-cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe and/or cavernous sinus invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant maxillary tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of digital subtraction computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the detection of @entity438 compared with three-dimensional (3D) rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA), as reference standard, in a large cohort in a single center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was waived by the institutional review board because of its retrospective nature. A total of 513 @entity1 clinically suspected of having or with known @entity438 and other cerebral @entity455 underwent both digital subtraction CT angiography with a dual-source CT scanner and 3D DSA, with a median interval of 1 day; 436 @entity1 (84.9%) had acute @entity510 at presentation. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of digital subtraction CT angiography in depicting @entity439 were analyzed on a per- @entity1 and per- @entity439 basis, with 3D DSA as the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of digital subtraction CT angiography in depicting @entity439 of different diameter (ie, <3 mm, 3-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm) and of @entity439 at different locations in the anterior and posterior circulation were calculated. Kappa statistics were calculated to quantify inter- and intrareader variability in detecting @entity439 by using digital subtraction CT angiography for 100 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 513 @entity1 , 106 (20.7%) had no @entity439 , while 407 @entity1 (79.3%) had 459 @entity439 at 3D DSA. Digital subtraction CT angiography correctly depicted 456 (99.3%) of the 459 @entity439 . By using 3D DSA as the standard of reference, the sensitivity and specificity of depicting @entity438 were 97.8% (398 of 407) and 88.7% (94 of 106), respectively, on a per- @entity1 basis, and 96.5% (443 of 459) and 87.8% (94 of 107), respectively, on a per- @entity439 basis. Digital subtraction CT angiography had sensitivities of 91.3% (42 of 46), 94.0% (140 of 149), 98.4% (186 of 189), and 100% (75 of 75) in depicting @entity439 of less than 3 mm, between 3 mm but less than 5 mm, between 5 mm but less than 10 mm, and 10 mm or greater, respectively, and of 95.8% (276 of 288) and 97.7% (167 of 171) in depicting anterior circulation and posterior circulation @entity439 , respectively. Excellent inter- and intrareader agreement was found on a per- @entity1 (k=0.900 and 0.939, both P<.001) and per- @entity439 basis (k=0.846 and 0.921, both P<.001) for the detection of @entity438 with digital subtraction CT angiography. CONCLUSION: Digital subtraction CT angiography has a high sensitivity and specificity in depicting @entity438 with different sizes and at different locations, compared with 3D DSA.

title: Digital subtraction CT angiography for detection of XXXX : comparison with three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) family (also known as the @entity470 protein family) is comprised of four structurally-related receptor @entity669 kinases. Insufficient @entity470 signaling in @entity1 is associated with the development of @entity179 , such as @entity15 and @entity195 . In contrast, excessive @entity470 signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of solid @entity5 . @entity33564 are found in many @entity1 @entity5 and their excessive signaling may be critical factors in the development and @entity5 . Several molecular strategies have been developed recently to modulate either @entity470 or the downstream signal beyond the cell surface receptor. In the present study, we used @entity1 @entity470 -overexpressing @entity11 xenograft cells 4910 and 5310 and targeted @entity1476 expression using an adenoviral RNAi construct. We observed that the RNAi-mediated downregulation of @entity1476 causes the upregulation of @entity1722 in certain @entity470 -overexpressing @entity11 xenograft cells both in vitro and in vivo. Targeted @entity1476 downregulation was observed in a dose-dependent manner with no apparent off-target effects in these xenograft cells. We also noted that the overexpression of @entity1722 induced by @entity1476 downregulation is consistent with @entity2451 -mediated cell death in 5310 cells but not in 4910 cells. In addition, @entity3437 expression levels increased in correlation with increased @entity1722 expression after @entity1476 downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that @entity1476 may play a role in a hitherto unknown signaling pathway mediated via @entity1722 in certain @entity5 cell types.

title: XXXX downregulation mediates differential regulation of cell death via @entity1722 in @entity11 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor', 'ErbB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of solid tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']