abstract: BACKGROUND: Three known risk factors for @entity731 predict the severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ): @entity730 ( @entity730 ), @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ), and @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ). PURPOSE: To determine the relationship of @entity730 , @entity2333 , and @entity2333 with the severity of @entity453 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity1 who underwent both coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and invasive coronary angiography were enrolled. The severity of @entity453 was assessed by three methods: the segment involvement score (SIS), the segment @entity850 score (SSS), and the modified Gensini score (mG). We quantified @entity730 using the Agatston method on low-dose ungated chest CT (LDCT). We measured @entity2333 at the thickest portion of the descending thoracic aorta on CCTA. @entity2333 was calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum areas of the ascending aorta and the pulse pressure. The relationships between the severity of @entity453 and the three aortic factors were assessed. RESULTS: The @entity730 and @entity2333 of the thoracic aorta were significantly higher in the occlusive @entity453 (OCAD) group (1984.21    2986.10 vs. 733.00    1648.71, P = 0.01; 4.13    1.48 vs. 3.40    1.01, P = 0.22). @entity1 with OCAD had more than one epicardial coronary artery with >50% luminal @entity850 . The @entity730 (r = 0.453 with SIS; r = 0.454 with SSS; r = 0.427 with mG) and the @entity2333 (r = 0.279 with SIS; r = 0.324 with SSS; r = 0.304 with mG) were significantly correlated with all three methods, and the @entity2333 was negatively correlated with the SIS (r = - 0.221, P < 0.05, respectively) in the unadjusted model. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, only the correlations between @entity730 and all three methods assessing @entity453 remained significant. CONCLUSION: There are significant relationships between @entity730 , @entity2333 and @entity2333 and severity of @entity453 . In particular, @entity730 measured on LDCT is the most consistent predictor of severity of @entity453 .

title: Relation of @entity730 , wall thickness, and distensibility with severity of XXXX : evaluation with coronary CT angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic calcification', 'AC']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['AWT', 'aortic distensibility', 'AD', 'aortic wall thickness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity6689 immune cells of @entity10835 @entity6 @entity19 are inferior to cells of normoglycemic PCl sensitized animals in transferring adoptive responses into recipients. A new regulatory activity, contrasuppression, that prevents suppressor cells from influencing activity of immune cells, has been recently described. Two types of @entity6689 contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells modulate contact sensitivity reactions in @entity19 . A non-specific Tcs cell, which by itself has no immune activity, helps @entity6689 immune effector cells in adoptive transfer to bypass, in the recipient, the suppressor cell barrier. The antigen-specific Tcs cell induced by immune complexes makes @entity6689 effector cells resistant to specific suppression. Both Tcs cell, in contrast to @entity6689 effector cells, adhere to Vicia villosa lectin and can easily be separated (VV+ and VV-, respectively). Our experiments show that @entity6 @entity19 are deficient in nonspecific Tcs cells. The most important finding was that when immune @entity6689 cells of @entity6 @entity19 , which otherwise transfer little immunity, were injected together with @entity6689 VV+ cells of normoglycemic animals (these cells have no ability to transfer immunity whatsoever), the adoptive transfer was significantly augmented. We also demonstrate that @entity6 @entity19 are unable, upon appropriate immunization, to produce antigen-specific Tcs cells. Since a hypoinsulinemic environment abolishes the function of promiscuous Tcs cells and prevents the development of antigen-specific Tcs cells, this may suggest that contrasuppressor cells have insulin receptors which make them particularly sensitive to insulin deficiency.

title: Deficiency of contrasuppressor lymphocytes in @entity10835 - @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine surgical policy in @entity731 of aorta and lower extremities arteries on the basis on non-invasive diagnostic methods--duplex scanning (DS) and computer tomographic angiography ( @entity13542 ). From 1998 to 1999 47 @entity1 were examined on this program (DS + @entity13542 ). At the first stage of the study, 17 @entity1 underwent translumbal aorto-arteriography at the same time with DS and @entity13542 . Analysis of the angiograms revealed that sensitivity of angiography for detection of lesions in aorto-iliac segment was 94%, in femoro-popliteal segment--78%. Diagnostic mistakes were associated with partial @entity715 of @entity439 's lumen, as a result of which the aorta looked non-dilated in angiograms. Femoral arteries contrasted unsatisfactory in 4 @entity1 because of low collateral blood velocity distal to occlusion of iliac arteries. Initial segments of deep and superficial femoral arteries closed each other in angiograms on anterior-posterior projection, and it also led to low potential of angiography in assessment of femoral arteries state. Complex of non-invasive diagnostic methods (DS + @entity13542 ) allowed to correct diagnosis in each case. The methods complemented one another: @entity13542 permitted to make three-dimensional reconstruction of vascular tree and to study its on various projections; DS--to study the vascular wall's state and hemodynamical parameters of blood flow. At the second stage of the study, high sensitivity of DS and @entity13542 allowed to reject traditional angiography in preoperative period. Intraoperative findings confirmed the provisional diagnosis completely.

title: [Noninvasive methods of the examination in surgery of obliterating XXXX of lower extremity arteries].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity379 exerts a multiplicity of actions potentially relevant for the pathogenesis of @entity15 , including the expression of a transplasmalemma @entity460 ( @entity141 ) influx leading to an intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) increase able to lower T lymphocyte threshold of excitability. It has been previously shown in a cross sectional cumulative study that this influx is associated with clinical and MRI evidence of disease activity. METHODS: To evaluate the temporal relation between disease activity and the @entity379 activated @entity141 influx in individual @entity1 , a fluorimetric analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight @entity1 with @entity3780 @entity15 every 15 days for one year. RESULTS: Fluctuations of the influx were correlated with clinical events and monthly enhanced brain MRI. The influx was detected a mean of 10.4 (range 7-17) times per @entity1 during our analysis. In 61% of the occasions, influx induced [ @entity141 ]i increases were recorded in each @entity1 in more than two consecutive measurements, determining sustained [ @entity141 ]i increases lasting for a mean of 31.5 days. Peak [ @entity141 ]i increases preceded clinical attacks (P=0.04) or maximal detection of brain MRI enhancing lesions (P=0.05) by a mean of 30.8 and 34.2 days respectively. Spectral analysis of time series further indicated that the fluctuation frequency of [ @entity141 ]i increases due to the influx over time were superimposable on the appearance of new @entity75 in all @entity1 and confirmed that in two thirds of the @entity1 these [ @entity141 ]i increases occurred significantly before (P<0.005) or concurred with new lesion appearance. Finally, the overall presence of the influx throughout the follow up period correlated (P=0.03) with the @entity1 ' exacerbation rates. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular events leading to T lymphocyte activation in @entity15 occur in the peripheral blood before CNS specific events become evident and are, in part, sustained by cytokine induced @entity141 mediated phenomena.

title: XXXX induced increases in intracellular @entity460 in T lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity15 precede clinical exacerbations and detection of active lesions on MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MRI lesions']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyposplenism, due to splenectomy, @entity74 or acquired conditions such as @entity1593 , has an important impact on the severity of @entity311 , especially in non-immune @entity1 . Conversely, that @entity311 may reveal functional hyposplenism has not been described previously. METHODS: A 31-year old gardener was diagnosed with an uncomplicated attack of Plasmodium malariae 11  years after leaving the endemic area. In addition to trophozoites and schizonts, thick and thin smears also showed @entity5342 , pointing to functional hyposplenism. This was later confirmed by the presence of a calcified spleen in the context of S/b   +   sickle-cell syndrome in a @entity1 previously unaware of this condition. CONCLUSION: @entity311 may reveal hyposplenism. Although @entity5342 are morphologically similar to nuclei of young Plasmodium trophozoite, distinction on smears is based on the absence of cytoplasm and irregular size of @entity5342 . In the @entity1 reported here, hyposplenism was revealed by the occurrence of P. @entity281 relatively late in life. Timely diagnosis of hyposplenism resulted in the implementation of appropriate measures to prevent overwhelming infection with capsulated bacteria. This observation highlights the importance of diagnosing hyposplenism in @entity1 with @entity311 despite the morphological similarities between ring nuclei and @entity5342 on thick smears.

title: Hyposplenism revealed by Plasmodium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity5342 :: ('MESH:C536164', 'Disease') :: ['Howell-Jolly bodies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malariae infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited red blood cell disorders']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['malariae infection']


abstract: The frequency and the intensity of @entity1118 , as well as the related factors, were assessed in a cohort of @entity0 @entity1 . The life functions were also questioned in @entity1 who have post-treatment @entity1118 . The scope of this retrospective study was a cohort of surgically-treated @entity0 @entity1 with unilateral early stage disease who were under regular follow-up. @entity1 were eligible if they completed their treatments at least 6 months before and were free of disease. @entity1 who had a previous history of @entity1118 , @entity102 , @entity146 diagnosis, and other @entity5 were excluded. All data regarding their demographics and treatments were recorded. @entity1118 was defined as the @entity158 at treatment-related regions for a duration of at least three months after completion of treatment. Turkish version of "Brief @entity158 Inventory (Short Form)" was given to the @entity1 with @entity1118 in order to assess their @entity158 intensity and life functions. The factors related to @entity1118 were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity1118 . Eighty-five eligible female @entity1 were included in the study. Thirty-nine (46%) @entity1 declared that they had @entity1118 . The mean VAS scale score was 4.1 +/- 2.4 cm in these @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 with @entity1118 (54.3 +/- 12.6 years) was significantly less than that of the ones without @entity158 (60.4 +/- 13.6 years; p = 0.035). Radiotherapy was found to be significantly related to @entity1118 (p=0.049; OR: 2.60; 95% CI 1.07-6.30). The VAS scores were 1.5 +/- 2.7 cm, 1.9 +/- 3.2 cm, 1.3 +/- 2.7 cm, 0.9 +/- 2.5 cm for general activity, mood, relations with other @entity1 , and sleep, respectively. Although almost half of the early stage @entity0 @entity1 experienced post-treatment @entity1118 , they rated the intensity of their @entity158 as mild to moderate. Younger age and receiving radiotherapy were found to be significant contributing factors. The interference of post-treatment @entity1118 with life functions was small. Overall, mood was found to be the most affected life function among all.

title: Factors related to post-treatment XXXX in @entity0 survivors: the interference of @entity158 with life functions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic debilitating disease']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome', 'Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers may retard or inhibit atherogenesis. This study investigated whether @entity594 or @entity1169 influences @entity453 in @entity1 . In selected @entity1 with effort angina and proven @entity453 , the cineangiographic pattern after 2-year therapy with @entity594 (group 1, 39 @entity1 ), @entity1169 (group 2, 36 @entity1 ) or @entity3763 (group 3, 38 @entity1 ) was compared to that before treatment. The disease evolved to a different extent in the 3 groups. @entity1 with evidence of progression of old narrowings and appearance of new narrowings were significantly fewer in group 1 (31% and 10%) than in group 2 (53% and 34%) and group 3 (47% and 29%). The number of stenoses with evidence of progression was significantly smaller after @entity594 (14), and larger after @entity1169 (39) compared with group 3 (24). Thus, @entity594 seemed more protective than the other 2 drugs against @entity453 . The coronary risk factors were normal in the @entity594 group and remained so with treatment, suggesting that they were dissociated from influences on @entity731 . The evolution, as judged by the number of narrowings with progression, appeared significantly (p less than 0.01) worse with @entity1169 than with @entity3763 . @entity1169 caused unfavorable modifications of serum lipids; there was a 28% increase in total @entity1674 and a 25% decrease in high density lipoprotein @entity165 at 12 months in group 2.

title: Comparison of @entity594 , @entity1169 and XXXX on angiographic progression and regression of coronary arterial narrowings in angina pectoris.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3763 :: (MESH:D007548,Chemical) :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']


abstract: Between 1/1986 and 5/1992 a total of 5283 surgical procedures involving extracorporal circulation were performed at our clinic, including 44 @entity1 who underwent a total of 54 operations for @entity697 . On the basis of a retrospective study, this paper presents the pre-operative findings and the results of surgery in relation to the duration of the case history. Pathogenic microorganisms were successfully grown from the blood cultures of 63.6% (n = 31) of the @entity1 . Among these microorganisms were viridans streptococci (n = 12), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 5), staph. aureus (n = 5), beta-haemolytic streptococci (n = 2) as well as combined infections (n = 2) and miscellanea. Preoperatively, 38 @entity1 were in NYHA stage III or IV. Surgery resulted in an average improvement of 1.6 NYHA classes from NYHA 3.3 to NYHA 1.7. The total-mortality rate was n = 13; early mortality was n = 3. The mean follow-up period was 3.9 years (minimum 5 weeks, maximum 6.4 years). The time elapsed between initial clinical manifestation of the disease and operation had a significant influence on mortality and on the prevalence of complications. @entity1 who died of @entity884 had a significantly longer case history (p < 0.05). The prognosis was poorer, according to our data, if the case history extended over more than 80 days. Our results demonstrate clearly the necessity for such @entity1 to be referred to a heart surgeon without delay.

title: [The effect of timing of surgical intervention on fatality of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute endocarditis']


abstract: The present study was undertaken in order to examine the existence of opioid binding sites on cell membranes of @entity1 @entity4090 -secreting @entity5 . Determination of opioid binding sites using different opiate ligands revealed one class of high affinity ( @entity573 , 1.3 nM) binding sites. Pharmacological characterization revealed kappa-1 selectivity (high affinity @entity8540 (EKC) binding, insensitive to 5 microM (D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin). Subsequently EKC was added to @entity4090 -secreting @entity5 cells in primary culture, alone or in combination with the dopaminergic agonist @entity2847 , and @entity4090 release was measured. Opiates had no direct effect on @entity4090 release by @entity2013 cells. When cells were preincubated with @entity2847 [6.6 +/- 4.8 (SD) X 10(-11) M], EKC (10(-11) to 10(-9) M) antagonized, in a dose-dependent manner, the dopaminergic inhibition of @entity4090 release. The opiate effect was reversed by the opiate antagonist @entity16889 (10(-7) M). Cross-competition studies indicated that this effect was not due to the interaction of opiates with the dopaminergic receptor. In conclusion, opioid binding sites are found on @entity2013 cells. The binding of kappa-1 type opioid ligands modulates the inhibitory effect of @entity935 upon @entity4090 release.

title: Direct action of opiates on @entity2847 -inhibited prolactin release by XXXX @entity2013 cells in primary culture.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity16889 :: ('MESH:D004174', 'Chemical') :: ['diprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8540 :: ('MESH:D016314', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylketocyclazocine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1642 occur in 13.2-37.0% in running athletes. There is a decreasing incidence of these @entity174 in the tibia (33%), navicular (20%), metatarsus (20%), femur (11%), fibula (7%) and pelvis (7%). @entity1642 present themselves with uncharacteristic local @entity158 under weightbearing conditions. In 75% the medial tibial crest is involved. Usually the @entity158 disappears when the @entity1 is non-weightbearing. As causal factors wrong training methods, oligomenorrhoe (6x incidence), low nutrition input (8x incidence) and a genu recurvatum-morphotype can be found. Misinterpretation can result from a similar clinical and radiological (conventional x-ray, scintigraphy, MRI) early course in @entity1642 and @entity3478 . We present a @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of a @entity75 . The following MRI was suspect for a @entity706 or @entity8532 . Biopsy was performed and showed the final diagnosis of a stress @entity174 .

title: [" @entity3478 " diagnostic error in stress XXXX of the medial tibial plateau].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscus lesion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8532 :: ('MESH:D051642', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Clinically stress fractures', 'Stress fractures', 'stress fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The aims of this study were to compare the @entity13488 (CS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of moved @entity235 using either 70 or 120 g of orthodontic force, and to compare the rate of tooth movement and the amount of @entity158 between these two force magnitudes. Sixteen @entity1 (6 males and 10 females; aged 16.91    2.99 years), with @entity7166 , who required orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions, were recruited. The force magnitudes used to move the maxillary @entity235 distally were controlled at 70 and 120 g on the right and the left sides, respectively. GCF samples were collected with Periopaper(  ) strips before and during orthodontic tooth movement. Competitive ELISA with monoclonal antibody was used to measure the CS levels. The distance of tooth movement and the amount of @entity158 assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scores were evaluated. The medians of CS levels during the loaded period were significantly greater than those during the unloaded period (P < 0.05). The differences between the medians of CS levels of 70 g and 120 g retraction force during each 1 week period were not significant. There was no significant difference in the rates of @entity235 movement between these two force magnitudes. However, using 120 g, the medians of VAS scores were significantly greater than those with 70 g (P < 0.05). Collectively, 70 g retraction force appears to be sufficient and more suitable than 120 g force as it causes no difference in biochemically-assessed bone remodelling activity, the same rate of tooth movement, reduced @entity158 and better comfort.

title: Comparisons of the @entity13488 levels in orthodontically moved XXXX and the clinical outcomes between two different force magnitudes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['class I malocclusion']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: Perioperative complications of surgical procedures are frequently encountered in @entity1 with @entity3458 . We have reviewed our series of @entity1 with @entity8453 who underwent cholecystectomy from 1978 to 1991 to evaluate their perioperative management and clinical outcome. Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity8453 underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity2963 . All 22 were transfused to achieve a hemoglobin (Hgb) level greater than 9 g/dL and hemoglobin S (HbS) less than 37%. Fourteen underwent immediate preoperative automated red cell exchange (ARCE). The median preexchange Hgb of these @entity1 was 8.1 g/dL (range, 6.8 to 10.5). Their median HbS was 84% (range, 53% to 97%). These @entity1 underwent placement of an apheresis catheter under local anesthesia followed by red cell exchange. The median volume of packed red blood cells (PRBC) exchanged was 28.1 mL/kg (range, 13.8 to 58.7). The median HbS after exchange was 21% (range, 16% to 37%) and the median Hgb was 10.6 g/dL (range, 6.5 to 16.7). Eight other @entity1 underwent sequential transfusion (3 after an exchange for an acute @entity358 ). These @entity1 had been prepared over an interval of 2 to 8 weeks preoperatively and had received a median of 26.9 mL PRBC/kg (range, 12.8 to 95). Following sequential transfusion the median Hgb was 11.8 g/dL (range, 9 to 15.7) and the median HbS was 19% (range, 5% to 32%) at the time of surgery. All @entity1 received extended antigen matched blood. Complications of preoperative transfusion were minor and included two @entity56 and one mild superficial catheter-induced @entity3527 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Perioperative management for cholecystectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasoocclusive crisis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['febrile-/allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['major sickle hemoglobinopathy', 'hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the total content of @entity15018 ( @entity13799 ) in subcutaneous, retroperitoneal and visceral fat of morbidly @entity28 and @entity28 @entity1 submitted to bariatric surgery or plastic and abdominal surgery. METHODS: The adipose tissues were obtained by surgery; lipids were extracted, saponified and esterified. @entity13799 were measured by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. RESULTS: The @entity13799 average in @entity28 @entity1 was 6.3% for retroperitoneal and 8.7% for visceral fat. For @entity28 @entity1 , the figures were 6.9% (subcutaneous) and 9.3% (visceral). There was no difference between the groups. However, the @entity13799 depot in visceral fat was higher than other fatty tissues for morbidly @entity28 (P<0.05) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our values for @entity13799 content in all adipose tissues analyzed are higher than reported in other countries (3-6%). We showed more @entity13799 in visceral adipose tissue than in other abdominal fat (subcutaneous and retroperitoneal) stores. The visceral adipose tissue level is worrisome because the higher rate of lipolysis in this tissue appears to be an important indicator of metabolic alterations and the levels of @entity13799 found in adipose tissue presumably reflect the higher dietary intake of @entity13799 by Brazilians.

title: Higher content of @entity15018 in abdominal visceral fat of morbidly XXXX individuals undergoing bariatric surgery compared to @entity28 subjects.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'non-obese', 'obese (P<0.001) and non-obese']

entities_list: @entity15018 :: ('MESH:D044242', 'Chemical') :: ['trans fatty acids']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the weekly cervical @entity3207 rates of the endocervical canal between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation in @entity1 at risk for @entity393 or @entity600 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of transvaginal sonographic measurements of the endocervical @entity3656 done at least twice between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation in @entity1 at risk for @entity393 and @entity600 . The ultrasound diagnosis of @entity5027 was defined as progressive @entity3207 of the endocervical @entity3656 to 2 cm or less either spontaneously or after application of transfundal pressure. Multivariable linear regression models were developed to determine the weekly crude rate of endocervical @entity3207 rates in cases of competent cervices and @entity5027 , with @entity5027 further stratified as those diagnosed at 15-19 weeks' and 20-24 weeks' gestation. Comparisons of the models for weekly rate of endocervical @entity3207 were performed. RESULTS: The endocervical canal lengths were measured in 61 @entity1 (180 measurements) who did not develop ultrasound evidence of @entity5027 and 28 @entity1 (103 measurements) who had ultrasound evidence of @entity5027 . Between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation, competent cervices had a nonsignificant rate of endocervical @entity3207 (-0.03 cm/week). During this period in gestation, @entity5027 had significantly greater endocervical @entity3207 (-0.41 cm/week, P < .001). The rate of endocervical @entity3207 of @entity5027 diagnosed between 15 and 19 weeks' gestation was -0.52 cm/week (P < .001). The rate of endocervical @entity3207 in @entity5027 diagnosed between 20 and 24 weeks' gestation was significant and varied from -0.49 cm/week to -0.80 cm/week at 20 and 24 weeks' gestation, respectively (P < .001). The models describing the rate of cervical @entity3207 in the two groups of @entity5027 were significantly different (P < .001). The sonographic detection of endocervical @entity3207 in the 28 cases of @entity5027 was identified at a median (range) gestational age of 20 (16-24) weeks. CONCLUSION: Weekly rates of endocervical @entity3207 were established, which may be useful for detecting and managing @entity5027 in high-risk @entity1 examined with cervical sonography.

title: Longitudinal assessment of endocervical @entity3656 between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation in @entity1 at risk for @entity393 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['canal length']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['canal length shortening', 'shortening']

entities_list: @entity5027 :: ('MESH:D002581', 'Disease') :: ['cervical incompetence', 'incompetent cervices']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: Increased emphasis on breast conservation and the primacy of the @entity1 's preferences has led to the promotion and increased use of a two-step surgical strategy (definitive operation only after a final tissue diagnosis from a biopsy done on a previous visit) in the treatment of early @entity0 , with the assumption being that this is more conducive to the performance of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). We sought to test this by examining the effect of the surgical strategy (one-step versus two-step) on the operation performed (BCS versus mastectomy). A random sample of @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed in 1991 in Ontario was drawn from the Ontario @entity5 Registry database and matched to the Canadian Institute of Health Information and Ontario Health Insurance Plan databases (n = 643). This provided information on the timing and nature of all surgical procedures performed as well as @entity1 , @entity5 , hospital, and surgeon characteristics. The surgical strategy was defined as either a one-step procedure (biopsy and definitive surgery performed at the same time) or a two-step procedure (surgical biopsy and pathologic diagnosis, followed by definitive surgery at a later date). The axillary lymph node dissection was used to define the definitive procedure. BCS was employed in 68% of @entity1 , and this did not differ significantly between the one-step and two-step groups (66% versus 70%). @entity1 with @entity75 had a significantly lower rate of breast conservation than those with nonpalpable lesions. Other variables associated with a lower rate of BCS were larger @entity5 size, presence of extensive @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), and central or multifocal @entity5 . The use of a one-step procedure was associated with a @entity1 age of more than 50 years, a palpable mass, @entity5 size larger than 1 cm, previous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, absence of extensive @entity3821 , and surgery in an academic setting. Breast conservation was not affected by the surgical strategy used or the timing of the decision, but was associated with several accepted @entity5 factors. This study shows that, contrary to the opinion of some, there is a group of @entity0 @entity1 in whom treatment in a one-step manner is appropriate.

title: The rate of breast-conserving surgery for early XXXX is not influenced by the surgical strategy of excisional biopsy followed by the definitive procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['node-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['palpable lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of acoustic @entity130 and hair cell loss and regeneration on @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) boundaries of cochlear ganglion neurons in @entity1573 . @entity1573 were exposed for 48 hours to a 525-Hz, 120-dB SPL tone which destroyed the hair cells and tectorial membrane in a crescent-shaped patch along the @entity1829 . Afterwards, @entity1168 boundaries were recorded from cochlear ganglion neurons at 0-1, 5, 14, and 28 days postexposure. @entity13378 reduced the percentage of neurons with @entity1168 boundaries below @entity1577 (TTRSb) (52.6% to 8.2%) and above @entity1577 (TTRSa) (88.4% to 46.6%). In addition, the exposure reduced @entity1168 boundary slopes, elevated best suppression threshold (BST), and increased the frequency separation between the tips of the @entity1168 boundaries and @entity1577 . All the @entity1168 measures started to recover by 5 days postexposure and by 14 days and 28 days postexposure, most measures had recovered to normal levels. However, the BST, @entity1168 slopes, and the frequency separation of TTRSb boundaries from @entity1577 were still slightly abnormal near the exposure frequency. In addition, the percentage of neurons with @entity1168 below @entity1577 was reduced significantly. The partial recovery of @entity1168 boundaries is presumably due to the regeneration of hair cells and the lower honeycomb layer of the tectorial membrane. The residual @entity1168 deficits observed 28 days postexposure were most closely associated with the missing upper fibrous layer of the tectorial membrane.

title: Two-tone rate suppression boundaries of cochlear ganglion neurons in XXXX following acoustic @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['abneural side of the basilar papilla']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['the two-tone rate suppression', 'TTRS']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic trauma']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Mechanical loading of cardiac and skeletal muscles in vivo and in vitro causes rapid activation of a number of immediate-early (IE) genes and @entity1184 of muscle cells. However, little is known as to how muscle cells sense mechanical load and transduce it into intracellular signals of gene regulation. We examined roles of putative cellular mechanotransducers, mechanosensitive ion channels, the cytoskeleton, and contractile activity in stretch-induced @entity1184 of @entity299 grown on a deformable @entity1346 sheet. Using the patch-clamp technique, we found a single class of stretch-activated cation channel that was completely blocked by @entity2287 ( @entity15311 ). Inhibition of this channel by @entity15311 did not affect either the stretch-induced expression of IE genes or the increase in protein synthesis. Neither disruption of microtubules with @entity3812 nor that of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin D prevented the stretch-induced IE gene expression and increase in protein synthesis. Arresting contractile activity of myocytes by high K+, @entity1022 , or @entity8594 did not affect the stretch-induced IE gene expression. Tetrodotoxin-arrested myocytes could increase protein synthesis in response to stretch. These results suggest that @entity15311 -sensitive ion channels, microtubules, microfilaments, and contractile activity may not be necessary for transduction of mechanical stretch into the IE gene expression and @entity1184 . The stimulus of membrane stretch may be transmitted to the cell nucleus through some mechanisms other than electrical or direct mechanical transduction in @entity299 .

title: Roles of mechano-sensitive ion channels, cytoskeleton, and contractile activity in stretch-induced immediate-early gene expression and @entity1184 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myocytes']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myocytes']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 with @entity4545 ( @entity4545 )-secreting @entity977 may require a bilateral adrenalectomy to treat their @entity699 . Approximately one third of these @entity1 , however, will experience progressive enlargement of the residual pituitary @entity652 , develop @entity2117 , and have an elevated level of serum @entity4545 . These @entity1 with @entity2014 can be treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). METHODS: The prospectively collected University of Virginia Gamma Knife database of @entity1 with @entity977 was reviewed to identify all individuals with @entity2014 who were treated with GKS. Twenty-three @entity1 with a minimum of 6 months of follow up were identified in the database. These @entity1 were assessed for @entity5 control (that is, lack of @entity5 growth over time) with neuroimaging studies (median follow-up duration 22 months) and for biochemical normalization of their @entity4545 levels (median follow-up duration 50 months). Neuroimaging follow-up studies were available for 22 @entity1 , and endocrine follow up was available for 15 @entity1 in whom elevation of @entity4545 levels was documented prior to GKS. In the 22 @entity1 in whom neuroimaging follow-up studies were available, 12 had a decrease in @entity5 size, eight had no @entity5 growth, and two had an increase in @entity5 volume. Ten of 15 @entity1 with elevated @entity4545 levels prior to GKS showed a decrease in their @entity4545 levels at last follow up; three of these 10 @entity1 achieved normal @entity4545 levels (< 50 pg/ml) and the other five @entity1 with initially elevated values had an increase in @entity4545 levels. Ten @entity1 were thoroughly evaluated for post-GKS pituitary function; four were found to have new @entity7961 and six did not have @entity4614 after GKS. One @entity1 suffered a permanent third @entity129 and four @entity1 are now deceased. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery may control the residual pituitary @entity652 and decrease @entity4545 levels in @entity1 with @entity2014 . Delayed @entity4614 or @entity129 can occur after GKS. @entity1 with @entity2014 require continued multidisciplinary follow-up care. Given the difficulties associated with management of @entity2014 , even the modest results of GKS may be helpful for a number of @entity1 .

title: Gamma Knife surgery for XXXX -producing @entity977 after bilateral adrenalectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy', 'cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity4545 :: (5443,Gene) :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make an inventory of @entity169 performed in one year, and to analyse the number of and origin of recurrent @entity547 . DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: Analysis of all @entity547 operations performed in Amsterdam and Amstelveen in 1994 in male @entity1 over 18 years of age. Request of national data, computer data from the hospitals, hand count of all operation reports and investigation of @entity1 files. RESULTS: In 1994, 1108 @entity1 were operated for @entity169 on one or two sides. In 216/1108 (19.5%) cases recurrent @entity547 was involved. According to national statistics this occurred in 175/1123 (15.6%). In the two University hospitals 25.7% of all repairs were for a recurrent @entity547 , in the two hospitals with a surgical training programme this proportion was 17.9% and in the five hospitals without a training programme it was 18.6%. Of the early recurrences (within two years) 82.5% (47/57) were reoperated in the same hospital as before but of the late recurrences (more than 10 years) this proportion was only 26.8%. Only 16.6% (36/216) of the @entity1 with a recurrence were reoperated by the same surgeon who had performed the prior operation. Most popular method for repair was a Bassini (59%). In the training hospitals more early recurrences were repaired than in the non-training hospitals. CONCLUSION: The percentage of @entity547 for recurrent @entity547 is higher than national statistics suggest and higher than expected. Surgeons have little insight into their performance as many recurrences are repaired by another surgeon and many recurrences occur after ten years. Better training and more use of modern techniques may improve results.

title: [More recurrencies than expected following XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repairs', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'hernia repairs']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity295 is a serious disease condition and a major cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Its diagnosis in @entity3124 @entity1 is complicated. To diagnose an @entity281 rapidly, and to accurately differentiate @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) from @entity295 , is challenging yet early diagnosis is vital for early induction of an appropriate therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the immature granulocyte (IG) count is a useful early diagnostic marker of @entity295 compared to other markers. Therefore, a total of 70 consecutive surgical intensive care @entity1 were assessed. IGs were measured from whole blood samples using an automated analyzer. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) concentrations were also determined. The observation period was a maximum of 21   days and ended with the @entity1 ' discharge from ICU or @entity204 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine sensitivities and specificities for the parameters. RESULTS: We found that the IG count significantly discriminates between @entity281 @entity1 (P   <   0.0001) with a sensitivity of 89.2% and a specificity of 76.4%, particularly within the first 48   hours after @entity1850 onset. Regarding the discriminative power for @entity281 , the IG count was more indicative than other clinical parameters such as @entity1851 , @entity5752 and @entity650 , which had a sensitivity of less than 68%. Additionally, the highest diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 26.7 was calculated for the IG count within the first 48   hours. During the course of the disease ROC curve analyses showed a superior positive predictive value of the IG count compared to the other measured parameters during the first five days following the fulfillment of @entity1850 criteria. However, the number of IGs was not correlated with ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of IG in peripheral blood from ICU @entity1 is a good marker to discriminate @entity281 @entity1 very early during @entity1850 . However, the IG count is not suitable as a prognostic marker for mortality. Routine and serial measurement of IGs may provide new possibilities for rapid screening of @entity1850 @entity1 on ICU with suspected @entity281 .

title: Revisiting the white blood cell count: immature granulocytes count as a diagnostic marker to discriminate between @entity1850 and XXXX --a prospective, observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5752 :: ('3929', 'Gene') :: ['lipopolysaccharide binding protein', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'infected and non-infected']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of six @entity1820 ( @entity14 and pancreatic) among the six main 'non-White' ethnic groups in England (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black African, Black Caribbean and Chinese) to each other and to Whites. METHODS: We analysed all 378 511 @entity1820 registrations from 2001-2007 in England. Ethnicity was obtained by linkage to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database and we used mid-year population estimates from 2001-2007. Incidence rate ratios adjusted for age, sex and income were calculated, comparing the six ethnic groups (and combined 'South Asian' and 'Black' groups) to Whites and to each other. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the incidence of all six @entity5 between the ethnic groups (all p<0.001). In general, the 'non-White' groups had a lower incidence of @entity14 compared to Whites and a higher incidence of liver and @entity1086 . @entity356 incidence was lower in South Asians but higher in Blacks and Chinese. There was strong evidence of differences in risk between Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis for @entity5 of the oesophagus, stomach, liver and gallbladder (all p<0.001) and between Black Africans and Black Caribbeans for liver and @entity1086 (both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1820 varies greatly by individual ethnic group, including within those groups that have traditionally been grouped together (South Asians and Blacks). Many of these differences are not readily explained by known risk factors and suggest that important, potentially modifiable causes of these @entity5 are still to be discovered.

title: Incidence of XXXX by ethnic group in England, 2001-2007.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers', 'gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, oesophageal and pancreatic cancer', 'colorectal, oesophageal, gastric, liver, gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']


abstract: Members of the @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ) family might be involved in pathologies with altered lipid metabolism. They participate in the control of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. In addition, @entity12721 improve insulin resistance in vivo by activating @entity6864 . However, little is known regarding their tissue distribution and relative expression in @entity1 . Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (alpha,beta, gamma1, and @entity22473 ) and liver X receptor-alpha ( @entity13466 ) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. @entity5601 and @entity13466 were mainly expressed in liver, while @entity5601 gamma1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. We found that @entity5601 @entity22473 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in @entity1 . @entity11589 mRNA was present in all the tissues tested at low levels. In addition, @entity6864 mRNA was barely detectable in skeletal muscle, suggesting that improvement of insulin resistance with @entity12721 may not result from a direct effect of these agents on @entity6864 in muscle. Obesity and @entity2175 were not associated with change in PPARs and @entity13466 expression in adipose tissue. The mRNA levels of @entity5601 gamma1, the predominant form in adipocytes, did not correlate with BMI, leptin mRNA levels, or fasting insulinemia in 29 subjects with various degrees of @entity28 . These results indicated that @entity28 is not associated with alteration in @entity5601 gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in @entity1 .

title: Tissue distribution and quantification of the expression of mRNAs of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and liver X receptor-alpha in XXXX : no alteration in adipose tissue of @entity28 and @entity2175 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR', 'PPAR alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 is regarded as an @entity565 trigger, its prevalence, in @entity565 , still being uncertain. AIM: Purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of @entity354 in adult @entity565 @entity1 . @entity1 : A series of 37 asthmatics were recruited consecutively over 6 months. Subjects were: 19 @entity1097 (5 males; 38.0 years +/- 4.1 SE), and 18 non- @entity1097 asthmatics (5 males; 53.2 years +/- 4.3 SE). They were well matched for sex and basal lung function, whilst mean age was appreciably higher (p < 0.007) in non- @entity1097 asthmatics. METHODS: @entity354 was detected by X-barium-oesophagram, endoscopy, and 24 h oesophago-gastric pH-monitoring. RESULTS: @entity354 was assessed in 78.9% of @entity1097 , and in 83.3% of non- @entity1097 asthmatics; the 24 h pH-monitoring was confirmed as the most sensitive method for @entity354 detection. @entity357 was found in 15.8% of @entity1097 , and in 38.9% of non- @entity1097 subjects. Respiratory symptoms always started long before gastro-oesophageal signs in @entity1097 @entity1 , while digestive symptoms came first (about 6 years) in 44.4% of non- @entity1097 asthmatics. Oral @entity2544 was taken daily by 10.5% of @entity1097 , and by 22.2% of non- @entity1097 asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS: When non- @entity1097 @entity565 starts at a later age without any family history of @entity565 , and/or after a long history of digestive symptoms, the role of @entity354 can be strongly suspected.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in asthmatics: an Italian study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['Hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux', 'Gastro-oesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity150 shows frequent nonrandom allelic deletion at various chromosomal regions. Genotypic detection methods could potentially identify @entity1 at risk for recurrent @entity74 . In this study, we examined allelic deletion at specific chromosomal loci in @entity5 tissue and urine cell sediment samples using a microsatellite-based protocol. Although both allelic deletion and @entity124 have been reported in primary @entity150 , @entity124 was not specifically examined in this study. We report a pilot study of 40 @entity1 with @entity150 in which allelic deletion in @entity5 tissue and urine cell sediment was compared with conventional urine cytology results. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty @entity5 were analyzed using a set of microsatellite primers from chromosomes 3, 4, 8, 11, 14, and 17 to construct allelic deletion fingerprints. Cy5.5-labeled PCR products were analyzed using the OpenGene System and GeneObjects software. Eighty-eight percent of @entity5 showed allelic deletion. In urine cell sediments, the @entity5 detection rate was 80% compared with 50% for routine urine cytology. The allelic deletion fingerprinting (ADF) procedure identified 69% of incipient @entity5 , cases initially classified as normal by routine urine cytology. CONCLUSION: ADF analysis provides a reliable noninvasive method for the detection and monitoring of recurrent @entity5 in urine cell sediment samples from @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: Allelic deletion fingerprinting of urine cell sediments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Protection of hepatocytes from @entity5721 is a clinically important issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in @entity99 and recovery after @entity63 -reperfusion in @entity35 with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) ligand. @entity63 was induced by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament for 90 min. @entity52427 wk after reperfusion, I-125-GSA was injected. Five min after injection, blood samples were obtained and the liver was removed. Several regions from each lobe were dissected, weighed and counted. Mean uptakes (% dose/g) in the liver and blood samples were calculated. Histologic sections stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 (H-E) stain showed @entity2806 at 1 and 3 hr, and focal hepatocyte @entity39 at 24 hr. @entity11659 was not seen. The mitotic index with H-E stain and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) labeling index were highest at 1 wk, indicating @entity409 . At 1 and 3 hr, liver uptake was significantly decreased, and blood uptake was significantly increased, indicating decreased tissue blood flow and @entity2806 . Liver uptake showed significant increases at 48 hr and 1 wk, and was the highest at 1 wk, indicating @entity409 during the convalescence stage. ASGP-R binding may provide valuable information on @entity5721 and recovery.

title: Evaluation of asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging agent as a marker of XXXX and recovery.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver damage']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['Predominant massive necrosis']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury']


abstract: We report a case of a 62-year-old black @entity1 who, 8 months prior to @entity204 , developed @entity911 , @entity1742 , disorientation, and difficulties with her vision. There was no @entity303 . Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a @entity5 in the right posterior parietal white matter. A biopsy of the lesion displayed @entity12513 and @entity2783 , but no @entity5 was identified. @entity32 with an occasional multinucleated giant cell was seen about the amyloid-infiltrated vessels. The cortex demonstrated @entity5219 but no plaques or tangles. Subsequently, the @entity1 was treated with @entity230 and Cytoxan, with an improvement in her neurologic status. She died of opportunistic @entity3127 8 months after the initial onset of her symptoms. On postmortem examination, the biopsied area of the brain showed @entity194 with @entity5219 . @entity2333 was present but in much lesser degree than in the biopsy. Scant perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were seen only focally, and no giant cells were observed. The amyloid, both in the biopsy and autopsy material, was of the Alzheimer A4 type. This case suggests that @entity134 and cytoxan treatment ameliorated the @entity1333 and the @entity2333 as well. The pertinent literature is discussed.

title: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy with @entity12513 ameliorated by XXXX -cytoxan treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous angiitis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['severe cerebrovascular amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid angiopathy', 'amyloid angiopathy']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute and chronic effects of @entity594 retard ( @entity5563 ), @entity594 gastrointestinal therapeutic system (NGITS) and @entity3591 at trough and peak plasma concentrations of drug on blood pressure and heart rate, and on plasma @entity1063 and @entity1425 levels in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity101 (diastolic blood pressure 95-115 mmHg). DESIGN AND METHODS: After 3-4 weeks' placebo treatment, @entity1 of both sexes were randomly allocated to be administered 10 or 20 mg @entity5563 twice a day, 30 or 60 mg NGITS once a day, and 5 or 10 mg @entity3591 once a day for 6 weeks. Initially, for the first 2 weeks, the lowest dose of each drug was used, but higher doses were administered after 2 weeks if sitting diastolic blood pressure was > 90 mmHg. @entity1 were evaluated after administration of the first dose and after 6 weeks' therapy in a hospital setting. Blood samples were taken for high-performance liquid chromatography measurement of @entity2922 and drug levels at various intervals for a period covering trough to peak drug level ranges. RESULTS: Administration of all three drugs reduced clinic blood pressure to the same level after 6 weeks' therapy, but heart rate was increased slightly only with @entity3591 (P < 0.05). Administration of @entity5563 reduced blood pressure more abruptly whereas administrations of NGITS and @entity3591 induced smoother falls after acute and chronic treatments: a significant increase in heart rate was observed with @entity3591 after chronic treatment. Both acute and chronic treatments with @entity5563 (n = 19) increased @entity1063 levels (P < 0.01) transiently (2-4 h). In contrast, administration of NGITS (n = 22) did not increase @entity1063 levels and even induced a slight but significant decrease in @entity1063 levels 5-6 h after chronic treatments. Although administration of @entity3591 (n = 22) did not increase @entity1063 levels transiently either after acute or after chronic administration, it did induce a sustained rise in basal @entity1063 levels by more than 50% after chronic therapy (P < 0.01). Plasma @entity1425 levels were not increased by any of the treatments and even a slight decrease was observed 4 h after administration of a dose following chronic treatments with NGITS and @entity3591 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The transient increase in @entity1063 levels observed with @entity5563 and the sustained increases in @entity1063 levels observed after chronic treatment with @entity3591 suggest that sympathetic activation occurs with those two drugs. The lack of increase in @entity1063 levels after administration of NGITS suggests that this formulation does not activate the sympathetic system. The lowering of @entity1425 levels after administrations of NGITS and @entity3591 suggests that inhibition of release of @entity1425 by the adrenal medulla occurs with longer-acting @entity7236 formulations.

title: Different effects of @entity594 and XXXX on circulating @entity2922 levels in essential @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: AIM: To transfect mutant @entity2467 cDNA at codon 579 into @entity1 embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were constructed. Then pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W plasmids were transfected into @entity1 embryonic kidney cell line by @entity496 . The resistant clone was screened by G418 filtration and identified by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. @entity1 embryonic kidney cells were divided into three groups including pcDNA3-Kit-NW, pcDNA3-Kit-W, and vector control groups. Absorbency value with a wavelength of 574 nm was detected by @entity98 analysis. @entity19 were injected with three groups of cells. Volume, mass, and histological examinations of the @entity5 in different groups were measured and compared. RESULTS: The @entity2467 gene and mutant @entity2467 gene were successfully cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were successfully transfected into @entity1 embryonic kidney cell line and showed stable expression in this cell line. Cell proliferating activity had significant differences between pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W (P<0.05), respectively. @entity5 were only observed in @entity19 implanted with cells transfected with pcDNA3-Kit-NW. CONCLUSION: Mutation of @entity2467 gene increases the proliferation activity of @entity1 cells and plays an important role in the @entity674 .

title: A novel gain of function mutant in C-kit gene and its tumorigenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of GIST', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipofectamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The efficacy of @entity2983 for the maintenance of remission in @entity1 with @entity30 is controversial. The aim of this study was to conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity2983 (750 mg four times a day for 48 weeks) in maintaining remission in 293 @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity1 were stratified according to the method of induction of remission (medical or surgical). METHODS: @entity1 were assessed at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Relapse was defined as a @entity30 Activity Index of >150 (+60 points over baseline). RESULTS: Of the 293 @entity1 , 246 (84%) returned for at least 4 weeks of follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Thirty of the 118 (25%) who received @entity2983 had a relapse compared with 47 of 128 (36%) receiving placebo (P = 0.056). Among those with relapse, the time to relapse was 119 days for the @entity2983 -treated @entity1 compared with 109 days for placebo-treated @entity1 (P = NS). However, 25% of @entity2983 -treated @entity1 had relapsed by 249 days of follow-up compared with 154 days for placebo-treated @entity1 . Subgroup analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity1049 or @entity1 who were @entity1 had fewer relapses on @entity2983 therapy than placebo-treated @entity1 (21% vs. 41%, P = 0.018; and 19% vs. 41%, P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2983 treatment reduced relapse compared with placebo treatment, although conventional statistical significance was not achieved.

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of @entity2983 in the maintenance of remission of XXXX . The Canadian @entity2983 for Remission of @entity30 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine', 'Mesalamine']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal-colonic disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: We report cases of @entity951 or minimal acute @entity583 accompanied by @entity3126 , which were retrospectively studied with regard to their clinical characteristics, prognosis and treatment. Sixteen @entity1 , 5 males and 11 females with a mean age of 72.6 years, admitted to the Cardiovascular Center of Sendai between January 1986 and June 1989, were studied. Ten had previous @entity583 . @entity101 , @entity177 and @entity6 were found in 10, 7 and 7 @entity1 , respectively. Electrocardiograms during cardiac @entity63 attacks showed ST elevation in 8 and ST @entity308 in the other 8 @entity1 . Coronary arteriography which was performed in 6 @entity1 revealed @entity66 in 5, and two-vessel disease in one. Mechanical ventilation was indicative of 7, and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in 2 @entity1 . Coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed for 3 @entity1 . All @entity1 recovered from @entity3126 and were discharged. During the mean 15-month-follow-up period, 8 @entity1 died. The causes of @entity204 were @entity1164 in 3, acute @entity583 in one, @entity712 in one, post-surgical @entity204 in one, and @entity204 in 2.

title: [ @entity3126 caused by cardiac XXXX attacks in cases with or without minimal @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Many @entity1 with t(8;21) @entity3052 have residual positive cells during remission. We previously developed D-FISH probes that detect both derivative chromosomes and the normal alleles. In negative controls, only 2/44,000 (0.0045%) positive signals were observed. To investigate @entity41 , we examined specimens from 29 @entity1 who had initially obtained CR. In remission @entity1 , 61% had 1-4/2000 positive cells (0.05-0.19%). Higher frequencies were found in two @entity1 in early relapse and in one @entity1 in early remission. However, a negative test did not exclude relapse. Since false positives were negligible and because most t(8;21) AMLs express @entity2280 , we asked whether cell sorting combined with FISH would increase the sensitivity. In one @entity1 , we observed that 80% of @entity2280 + cells were t(8;21)+ at 2 months from initial clinical and cytogenetic remission. However, by 5 months the pre- and post-sorted populations contained 0.15% and 0.06% t(8;21) cells, respectively. Whereas essentially all t(8;21) cells in the initial specimen expressed @entity2280 , only 0.6% were subsequently @entity2280 +. These results are consistent with in vitro assays showing that residual t(8;21) cells undergo differentiation. Thus, FISH can identify @entity41 in a majority of t(8;21) @entity1 and, combined with @entity2280 + selection, may provide an indirect assessment of the differentiation state of residual t(8;21) cells.

title: @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in remission t(8;21) XXXX and in vivo differentiation detected by FISH and @entity2280 + cell sorting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most frequent complication of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics. However, symptoms and signs of PTS are non-specific, and could result from concomitant primary @entity4096 (PVI) rather than @entity1150 . This could bias evaluation of PTS. METHODS: Using data from the REVERSE multicenter study, we assessed risk factors for PTS in @entity1 with a first unprovoked unilateral proximal @entity1150 5-7 months earlier who were free of clinically significant PVI (defined as absence of moderate or severe @entity1211 in the contralateral leg). RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity1 considered, the prevalence of PTS was 27.1%. @entity28 (odds ratio [OR] 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-4.7]), mild @entity1211 (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1-4.3]), poor International Normalized Ratio (INR) control (OR per additional 1% of time with INR < 2 during anticoagulant treatment of 1.018 [95% CI 1.003-1.034]) and the presence of residual @entity432 on ultrasound (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1-3.7]) significantly increased the risk for PTS in multivariable analyses. When we restricted our analysis to @entity1 without any signs, even mild, of contralateral @entity4096 (n = 244), the prevalence of PTS decreased slightly to 24.6%. Only @entity28 remained an independent predictor of PTS (OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.3-5.0]). Poor INR control and residual @entity432 also increased the risk, but the results were no longer statistically significant (OR 1.017 [95% CI 0.999-1.035] and OR 1.7 [95% CI 0.9-3.3], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: After a first unprovoked proximal @entity1150 , @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with even mild PVI constitute a group at increased risk of developing PTS for whom particular attention should be paid with respect to PTS prevention. Careful monitoring of anticoagulant treatment may prevent PTS.

title: Predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome in a population with a first @entity1150 and no primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous ectasia', 'contralateral venous ectasia']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: Changes in eicosanoid generation have been examined in stimulated @entity1 peripheral leukocytes incubated with plasma lipoprotein fractions. Leukocytes (2.5 X 10(7) cells/ml, 90% neutrophils) were incubated with physiological concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). No release of @entity8285 (LTB4) or platelet activating factor (PAF) was noted prior to cell stimulation with either @entity460 ionophore, opsonized zymosan or @entity5038 . After stimulation with ionophore, LDL led to a 40% enhancement of LTB4 release compared to control incubations while there was no effect on PAF production. HDL caused a small but not significant increase in LTB4 while VLDL had no effect on the release of LTB4. The formation of the other major lipoxygenase product @entity11902 ( @entity11902 ) was decreased by 20% following LDL incubation and by more than 50% after VLDL incubation compared to controls. LTB4 release was also enhanced by 27% after incubation with LDL and stimulation with opsonized zymosan. LDL did not cause any increase in @entity224 production by leukocytes stimulated with opsonized zymosan or @entity4515 . @entity1421 release was stimulated directly in cells incubated with lipoproteins, particularly LDL and VLDL. Oxidised LDL enhanced LTB4 production to an even greater extent than native LDL. The observed enhancement of LTB4 by LDL is not the result of LDL oxidation during incubation, the provision of @entity1426 substrate by the lipoprotein nor the uptake of @entity165 by the cell. The effect is most likely associated with the binding of LDL to the cell membrane, since LTB4 enhancement was partially blocked by dextran @entity597 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of lipoproteins on the release of some eicosanoids by stimulated XXXX leukocytes. A possible role in atherogenesis.

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B4']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity11902 :: ('MESH:C022022', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid', '5-HETE']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Before introduction of passive immunoprophylaxis and new antiviral @entity2353 analogues the course of @entity1956 recurrence after liver transplantation could hardly be influenced. The result was a inferior graft survival. In the present retrospective analysis of the efficacy of @entity1956 therapy after liver transplantation was analysed retrospectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 1998 in total 179 @entity1 were transplanted due to @entity1956 related @entity1578 at our centre. All @entity1 received passive immunoprophylaxis with @entity1956 immunoglobulin. In case of reinfection after 1993 an antiviral therapy with @entity28959 1500 mg daily was initiated (n = 26), since 1996 @entity16332 (100-150 mg daily) was used (n = 12). In case of viral breakthrough under @entity28959 treatment or prophylaxis therapy was switched to @entity16332 (n = 22). In case of ineffectiveness of @entity16332 an antiviral combination therapy with @entity16332 and interferon (n = 4) or @entity16332 and @entity28959 (n = 4) was initiated. Before availability of antiviral agents or in case of viral breakthrough in total 12 @entity1 were retransplanted due to acute or chronic reinfection. RESULTS: With passive immunoprophylaxis reinfection rate was 33%, 43% and 44% after 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Without antiviral treatment 52% of @entity1 died within the first year after reinfection. Antiviral therapy with @entity16332 or @entity28959 improved the one year survival after reinfection to 79%. Suppression of viral replication was more effective with @entity16332 . Under @entity16332 26 @entity1 (76%) became @entity97 -DNA negative, 9 @entity1 HBsAg negative (26%). In contrast no @entity1 became HBsAg negative during @entity28959 therapy. @entity16332 was effective also after @entity28959 breakthrough in 94% of @entity1 . In case of @entity16332 resistant reinfection viral replication could be suppressed with an antiviral combination therapy up to negative @entity97 -DNA in the hybridization assay. Severe side effects were not observed during any of the antiviral therapies. The graft survival after retransplantation for @entity1956 reinfection was 42% and 25% after one and 3 years. CONCLUSION: Whereas it is generally accepted, that passive immunoprophylaxis lowers the reinfection rate it could be shown in the present study, that antiviral treatment lowers mortality of @entity1956 reinfection. The major problem of @entity16332 and @entity28959 is viral resistance formation. In this case an antiviral combination therapy might be useful, whereas retransplantation for @entity1956 reinfection should be considered carefully due to inferior graft survival rates.

title: [Therapy of recurrent XXXX after liver transplantation. A retrospective analysis of 200 liver transplantations based on @entity1956 associated liver diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B infection']


abstract: Bolus intravenous @entity786 therapy (IVCY) has recently been the subject of considerable attention because it is occasionally very effective in the treatment of severe @entity1988 . However only a few reports on this form of therapy have been noted in Japan. Described here is a @entity1 with @entity1988 accompanied by @entity347 resistant to various therapies including @entity1667 pulse therapy which responded dramatically to IVCY. The @entity1 , a 37-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) starting in 1984, was admitted to our hospital with increasing generalized @entity4 and malaise in January 1987. Evaluation revealed @entity4988 , @entity519 , @entity843 , hypocomplementemia and @entity1431 . The @entity1 was treated with high-dose oral @entity617 , however the @entity1988 deteriorated and a high urinary protein level, massive @entity843 , and @entity1143 were noted. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) was also observed. Subsequently, she was treated with intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy and low-dose oral @entity786 . As her disease was refractory to these treatments IVCY was initiated in May 1987, at a dose 0.5-0.8 g/m2. A total of 3 doses were given, and treatment was discontinued in October 1987 because of marked clinical improvement. After the final IVCY treatment she was discharged, and her subsequent clinical course over a year with a maintenance dose of @entity617 has been uneventful. Thus, IVCY seemed to be useful in the treatment of severe @entity1988 . More rigorous comparisons of IVCY with other therapies are necessary.

title: [A case of @entity1988 resistant to steroid pulse therapy markedly improved by bolus intravenous XXXX therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial and pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ disorders']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited population-based data on @entity29 ( @entity8787 ) and pregnancy outcomes exist. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between maternal @entity8787 status and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Using computerized birth records of @entity1 born to mothers with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) or @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and mothers without diagnoses of @entity8787 ( @entity8787 ) in Washington State, we performed a cross-sectional retrospective study to determine gestational age, birth weight, and @entity600 . RESULTS: @entity3152 was seen in 15.2% of @entity30 births, 10.4% of @entity31 births, and 7.2% of @entity8787 births. Low birth weight was found in 16.8% of @entity30 births, 7.6% of @entity31 births, and 5.3% of @entity8787 births. Smallness for gestational age was present in 15.2% of @entity30 births, 10.5% of @entity31 births, and 6.9% of @entity8787 births. Only @entity30 births were at significantly increased risk of @entity3152 (p < 0.0025), low birth weight (p < 0.001), and smallness for gestational age (p < 0.001). @entity600 were more commonly recorded in @entity31 births than in controls (7.9% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001), whereas 3.4% of @entity30 births had @entity600 recorded. Using multivariable logistic regression, @entity30 births were more likely to be preterm (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4-3.8) and have low birth weights (OR = 3.6, CI = 2.2-5.9) and smallness for gestational age (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.3-3.9). @entity31 births were more likely to have @entity600 reported (OR = 3.8, CI = 1.5-9.8). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal @entity8787 is associated with increased odds of @entity3152 , low birth weight, smallness for gestational age ( @entity30 ), and reporting of @entity600 ( @entity31 ).

title: Outcomes of @entity1 born to mothers with XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'Preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations', 'Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A major @entity344 ( @entity344 ) after aortic surgery may be disastrous, but these complications have received scant attention. This study was performed to determine the risk factors, associated events, and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity344 . METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective study that examined 120 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transperitoneal aortic revascularization for @entity432 . RESULTS: The following 29 GICs developed in 25 @entity1 (21%) within 30 days of aortic surgery: paralytic ileus that required replacement of nasogastric tubes (n = 12), @entity360 (n = 5), @entity2718 enterocolitis (n = 5), acute @entity2679 (n = 2), mechanical obstruction (n = 2), @entity843 (n = 2), and @entity63 (n = 1). Seven @entity1 required operations for GICs after aortic revascularization. A comparison of @entity1 with and without GICs showed no differences in the prevalence of risk factors, presence of mesenteric artery stenoses, coexisting medical illnesses, antecedent gastrointestinal history, operative indication, preoperative fluid administration, or duration of operation. However, @entity1 with GICs had more intraoperative complications (P = .004), greater intraoperative @entity190 (P = .02), and more fluids during the postoperative period (P = .008). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 71 +/- 23 hours for @entity1 with GICs versus 7 +/- 2 hours for @entity1 without GICs (P = .006). A higher prevalence of @entity8 was seen in the @entity1 with GICs. The mean stay in the intensive care unit was 16 +/- 2 days for @entity1 with GICs as compared with 5 +/- 0.4 days for @entity1 without GICs (P < .001). Four @entity204 occurred, all caused by @entity881 : 3 @entity1 had GICs, and 1 did not have a @entity344 (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that GICs are prevalent in transperitoneal aortic surgery and are associated with severe morbidity rates, increased hospital costs because of prolonged stay, and increased mortality rates. Some GICs appear to be associated with intraoperative events that lead to visceral hypoperfusion, and others can be attributed to mechanical causes. However, none of the variables examined in this study were predictive of GICs. In all, GICs should be considered serious adverse sequela after aortic revascularization. Because no risk factors for GICs have been identified, these complications currently cannot be prevented.

title: XXXX after aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary (P = .004) and renal (P = .001) complications']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['colon ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GIC', 'gastrointestinal complication']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal or occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal complications']


abstract: The preovulatory surge of gonadotropins induces meiotic maturation of the oocyte, the follicular/luteal phase shift in hormone production, and ovulation. This complex and rapid series of developmental changes is difficult to study in large mammals, such as primates and ruminants, because variability in the length of individual reproductive cycles makes it virtually impossible to predict the time of the LH surge. We have validated an experimental model for inducing the LH surge and ovulation in @entity291 and used it to study the sequence of changes in hormone secretion and some of the mechanisms of these changes. Luteolysis and a follicular phase were induced by injection of @entity3774 ; injection of a @entity1176 analogue 36 h later induced an LH surge and ovulation. The LH surge peaked 2 h after @entity1176 and ovulation followed 22-31 h after the surge, consistent with the periovulatory interval in natural cycles. The ensuing luteal phase was normal, both in length and in concentrations of circulating @entity1420 . In experiment I, the uteroovarian effluent was collected, via cannulation of the vena cava, at frequent intervals relative to @entity1176 injection. Circulating @entity53 declined progressively after @entity1176 , reaching a nadir by 8-10 h before ovulation, whereas concentrations of @entity2671 and @entity251 remained constant. In experiment II, preovulatory follicles were obtained at 0, 3.5, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h after @entity1176 : Concentrations of @entity3800 and @entity53 were measured in follicular fluid and medium from cultures of follicle wall (theca + granulosa cells); steady-state levels of mRNA for 17alpha-hydroxylase (17alphaOH) and P450 aromatase were measured in follicular tissue. Shortly after the LH surge (3.5 h post- @entity1176 ) there was an acute increase in the capacity of follicular tissue to secrete @entity2671 , but not @entity53 , in vitro. Thereafter, both @entity3800 and @entity53 declined, both in follicular fluid and in medium collected from cultures of follicle wall. Levels of mRNA for 17alphaOH and aromatase in follicle wall decreased significantly by 6 h after @entity1176 , suggesting that declining levels of these enzymes underlie the decreases in @entity134 production by follicular cells. These results show that in @entity291 the preovulatory decrease in follicular @entity53 production is mediated by redundant mechanisms, because @entity342 production and the capacity of granulosa cells to convert @entity3800 to @entity53 decline coordinately, in concert with decreases in mRNA for 17alphaOH and P450 aromatase.

title: Decline in circulating @entity53 during the periovulatory period is correlated with decreases in @entity53 and @entity342 , and in messenger RNA for p450 aromatase and p450 17alpha-hydroxylase, in XXXX preovulatory follicles.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Neuropilins (NRPs) are 130-kDa receptors that bind and respond to the class 3 semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules (SEMAs) and to members of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) family of angiogenic factors. Two NRPs have been reported so far, @entity12867 and @entity11916 . Unlike @entity12867 , little is known about @entity11916 interactions with its ligands, @entity1655 and @entity38791 . Cell binding studies reveal that @entity1655 and @entity38791 bind @entity11916 with similar affinities, 5.2 and 3.9 nM, respectively, and are competitive @entity11916 ligands. Immunoprecipitation studies show that the B (b1b2) extracellular domain of @entity11916 is sufficient for @entity1655 binding, whereas @entity38791 requires both the A (a1a2) and B domains. To identify residues of B- @entity11916 involved in @entity1655 binding, point mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. @entity1655 is a basic protein. Reduction of the electronegative potential of B- @entity11916 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged @entity493 (B- @entity11916 @entity56230 , @entity56231 ) in the 280-290 b1- @entity11916 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in @entity1655 affinity. Conversely, enhancing the electronegative potential (B- @entity11916 @entity56232 , @entity56233 and @entity56232 , @entity56234 ) significantly increased @entity1655 affinity for B- @entity11916 by 8- and 6.6-fold, respectively. The mutagenesis did not affect @entity38791 /B- @entity11916 interactions. These results demonstrate that it is possible to alter @entity1655 affinity for @entity11916 without affecting @entity38791 affinity. They also identify @entity11916 residues involved in @entity1655 binding and suggest that modifications of B- @entity11916 could lead to potentially high affinity selective inhibitors of @entity1655 / @entity11916 interactions.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis in the B-neuropilin-2 domain selectively enhances its affinity to XXXX , but not to @entity38791 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1655 :: (MESH:C467484,Chemical) :: ['VEGF165']


abstract: The relations among three methods of measuring exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke, questionnaires, urinary @entity4874 , and a passive monitor for ambient @entity1239 , were investigated in a study of 48 @entity1 in Minnesota in 1989. Subjects were all under 2 years of age and did not attend day care. Passive @entity1239 monitors were placed in the activity room and the @entity1 's bedroom for 1 week, urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the week for @entity4874 analysis, and a detailed questionnaire concerning cigarette smoking was administered at the end of the week. These same measures were obtained weekly for 8 weeks for 22 of the @entity1 . Among households with smokers, concentrations of ambient @entity1239 and urinary @entity4874 were lowest when the father smoked, intermediate when the mother smoked, and highest when both parents smoked. Activity room concentrations were highly correlated with both urinary @entity4874 (r = 0.81) and the total number of cigarettes smoked in the house (r = 0.86). Regression equations indicated that knowing who smoked in the house was a more important predictor of ambient @entity1239 than knowing the amount smoked. Both urinary @entity4874 and ambient @entity1239 demonstrated variability over time, although ambient @entity1239 was less variable. In addition, 100% of possible ambient @entity1239 samples were collected in contrast to 80% of urine samples. The results of the study suggest that both urinary @entity4874 and ambient @entity1239 provide better information about the exposure of young @entity1 to environmental @entity286 smoke than questionnaire data alone, and that ambient @entity1239 may be the more useful in this population based on its greater stability and ease of collection.

title: Measuring exposure to environmental XXXX smoke in studies of acute health effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']