abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Validating a predictive model for late @entity548 following external beam treatment for @entity263 would enable safer treatments or dose escalation. We tested the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model recommended in the recent QUANTEC review (quantitative analysis of normal tissue effects in the clinic). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty one @entity263 @entity1 were treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy for @entity263 at the British Columbia Cancer Agency in a prospective protocol. The total prescription dose for all @entity1 was 74 Gy, delivered in 2 Gy/fraction. 159 3D treatment planning datasets were available for analysis. Rectal dose volume histograms were extracted and fitted to a Lyman-Kutcher-Burman NTCP model. RESULTS: Late @entity548 (>grade 2) was observed in 12/159 @entity1 (7.5%). Multivariate logistic regression with dose-volume parameters (V50, V60, V70, etc.) was non-significant. Among clinical variables, only age was significant on a Kaplan-Meier log-rank test (p=0.007, with an optimal cut point of 77 years). Best-fit Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model parameters (with 95% confidence intervals) were: n = 0.068 (0.01, +infinity); m =0.14 (0.0, 0.86); and TD50 = 81 (27, 136) Gy. The peak values fall within the 95% QUANTEC confidence intervals. On this dataset, both models had only modest ability to predict complications: the best-fit model had a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of rs = 0.099 (p = 0.11) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.62; the QUANTEC model had rs=0.096 (p= 0.11) and a corresponding AUC of 0.61. Although the QUANTEC model consistently predicted higher NTCP values, it could not be rejected according to the   (2) test (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Observed complications, and best-fit parameter estimates, were consistent with the QUANTEC-preferred NTCP model. However, predictive power was low, at least partly because the rectal dose distribution characteristics do not vary greatly within this @entity1 cohort.

title: Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) modeling of late XXXX following external beam radiotherapy for @entity263 : A Test of the QUANTEC-recommended NTCP model.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['rectal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reliable detection of the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation is a major criterion in the diagnosis of BCR/ABL-negative @entity5 such as @entity6582 vera, @entity4407 , and primary @entity4018 . A multitude of methods has been applied to both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mutational status of @entity1 , without defining a gold standard for the daily diagnostic routine so far. METHODS: We developed a melting point assay to be used on a Rotor-Gene thermal cycler machine, using asymmetric primer concentrations. A @entity1 @entity6007 cell line (HEL) was used as a positive control in a 3-fold lower concentration than the negative control because of the gene amplification of the mutated @entity4016 kinase in this cell line. Routine samples from both blood and bone marrow were processed. Additionally, samples were analyzed using an @entity262 ( @entity262 ). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the melting point approach was a 5% mutational load. Of 314 bone marrow or blood DNA samples tested, 101 were @entity262 positive, and of these, 90 samples tested positive in the melting point assay. Most of the @entity1 had a mutational load between 20% and 50%. No @entity1 had a @entity4016 @entity4017 burden higher than 80%. There was no significant difference in the source (bone marrow versus blood), sex, and @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: We present a reliable and feasible approach for quantitative assessment of the @entity4016 @entity4017 status from both blood and bone marrow. A homozygotic mutated cell line or plasmids should be used for dilution standards. We recommend combining this assay with @entity262 PCR for result confirmation and higher overall sensitivity.

title: Melting point assay for the @entity4016 XXXX mutation, comparison with @entity262 ( @entity262 ) in diagnostic samples, and implications for daily routine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['ARMS', 'amplification refractory mutation system']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia']

answer: @entity4017 :: (p|SUB|V|617|F,ProteinMutation) :: ['V617F']


abstract: @entity4439 , the pathogenic agent of human @entity4440 , is widespread in feral pigeon populations and many cases of transmission from feral pigeons to @entity1 have been reported. The aim of the present study was to detect @entity4441 in environmental samples to find out more about possible transmission routes and, therefore, to assess the zoonotic risk for @entity1 . Fecal samples were collected from nest boxes in a feral pigeon loft. Additionally, samples were taken from the feather dust film covering the water surface of public fountains where pigeons regularly bathe. The samples were tested for the presence of chlamydial antigen using an antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to prove shedding of @entity4441 by feral pigeons. This test detects a genus specific lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of the chlamydial bacteria. Samples were tested using the IDEIA PCE Chlamydia Test kit (DakoCytomation) and positive results were verified with IDEIA Chlamydia Blocking Reagents (DakoCytomation). The IDEIA PCE Chlamydia Test yields a high proportion of positive results. However, when IDEIA Chlamydia Blocking was performed, most of the positive results turned out to be negative or could not be interpreted. We conclude that antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests are not suitable for detecting @entity4441 in environmental samples. Previous publications where no blocking test was used should be reconsidered critically.

title: Detection of XXXX from feral pigeons in environmental samples: problems with currently available techniques.

entities_list: @entity4439 :: ('83554', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydophila psittaci (Lillie, 1930) Everett et al., 1999']

entities_list: @entity4440 :: ('MESH:D009956', 'Disease') :: ['ornithosis']

answer: @entity4439 :: (83554,Species) :: ['Chlamydophila psittaci']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse association between the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 and the @entity283 ( @entity283 ). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary care centre in Ayamonte (Huelva). @entity1 : Selection by simple random sampling between the @entity1 registered with @entity164 2 @entity6 : n=143. The @entity164 2 @entity6 process is a tool that uses indicators of good clinical practice for the follow-up of the @entity1 . Collection of data from records and personal interview for the questionnaire @entity283 SF-36. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 were analysed, of which 51.5% were @entity1 . the average age was 66.8 years (SD 11.3). Performing physical activity 52.5%. Time of evolution of @entity6 : 9.6 years (SD 7.7). Quality Index of the process: 64.5%. Worst score in physical component @entity283 , mean of 41.9 (SD 9.6). @entity1 had a better score, and it improves if there is regular physical exercise (mean difference 19.5% IC95%CI: 10.2-28.8). Age was inversely associated with physical function (r -0.354 P<0,005); and the time of evolution of @entity6 with physical component (r -0.278 P<0.005). @entity989 (t=2.03 P<0.04) and @entity299 (t=2.6 P<0.008) were associated with lowest score in physical component. The association of @entity283 with metabolic control, self control of @entity413 and @entity6 education was not significant. Physical activity and @entity66 predict @entity283 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity283 is poor in @entity164 2 @entity6 despite having good indicators in the process. The @entity283 should be included as standard in the @entity164 2 @entity6 process.

title: [Assessment of health outcomes in the XXXX 2 @entity6 process].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anesthetic agents influence central regulations. This study investigated the effects of methohexital anesthesia on renal and hormonal responses to acute @entity1372 and water loading in @entity235 in the absence of surgical stress. METHODS: Fourteen experiments (two in each @entity235 ) were performed in seven well-trained, chronically tracheotomized @entity235 kept in highly standardized environmental and dietary conditions (2.5 mmol @entity1372 and 91 ml water/kg body weight daily). Experiments lasted 3 h, while the @entity235 were conscious (7 experiments) or, after 1 h control, while they were anesthetized (7 experiments) with @entity3694 (initial dose 6.6 mg/kg body weight and maintenance infusion 0.34 mg.min-1.kg-1 body weight) over a period of 2 h. In both experiments, extracellular volume expansion was performed by intravenous infusion of a balanced isoosmolar electrolyte solution (0.5 ml.min-1.kg-1 body weight). Normal arterial blood gases were maintained by controlled mechanical ventilation. In another five @entity235 the same protocol was used, and vasopressin (0.05 mU.min-1.kg-1 body weight) was infused intravenously during methohexital anesthesia. RESULTS: Values are given as means. During methohexital anesthesia, mean arterial pressure decreased from 108 to 101 mmHg, and heart rate increased from 95 to 146 beats/min. Renal @entity1372 excretion decreased; urine volume increased; and urine osmolarity decreased from 233 to 155 mosm/l, whereas plasma osmolarity increased from 301 to 312 mosm/l because of an increase in plasma @entity1372 concentration from 148 to 154 mmol/l. Plasma @entity1122 activity, plasma @entity1369 concentration, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, and plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations (range 1.8-2.8 pg/ml) did not change in either protocol. In the presence of exogenous @entity1951 (antidiuretic hormone 3.3 pg/ml), water diuresis did not occur, and neither plasma osmolarity nor the plasma concentration of @entity1372 changed. CONCLUSIONS: Methohexital may impair osmoregulation by inhibiting adequate pituitary antidiuretic hormone release in response to an osmotic challenge.

title: XXXX impairs osmoregulation. Studies in conscious and anesthetized volume-expanded @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dog', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['methohexital']

answer: @entity3694 :: (MESH:D008723,Chemical) :: ['Methohexital']


abstract: To investigate the effects soy @entity6400 in established @entity5 , the role of @entity670 , @entity8139 , and combined soy @entity6400 was studied on progression of subcutaneous @entity5 in @entity19 created from green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged-MDA-MB-435 cells. Following @entity5 establishment, @entity19 were gavaged with vehicle or @entity670 or @entity8139 at 10  mg/kg body weight (BW) or a combination of @entity670 (10  mg/kg  BW), @entity8139 (9  mg/kg  BW), and @entity8136 (1  mg/kg  BW) three times per week. @entity5 progression was quantified by whole body fluorescence image analysis followed by microscopic image analysis of excised organs for @entity3 . Results show that @entity8139 increased while @entity670 decreased mammary @entity5 growth by 38 and 33% respectively, compared to vehicle. @entity8139 increased lung and heart @entity3 while @entity670 decreased bone and liver @entity3 . Combined soy @entity6400 did not affect primary @entity5 growth but increased @entity3 to all organs tested, which include lung, liver, heart, kidney, and bones. @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) pathway real time PCR array analysis and western blotting of excised @entity5 demonstrate that @entity670 significantly downregulated 10/84 genes, including the Rho GTPases @entity22296 , @entity5844 , and @entity11120 and their effector @entity21921 . @entity8139 significantly upregulated 9/84 genes that regulate proliferation and protein synthesis including @entity22297 , @entity22298 , and @entity181 protein levels. Combined soy treatment significantly increased gene and protein levels of @entity22298 and decreased @entity22299 gene expression. Differential regulation of Rho GTPases, initiation factors, and @entity181 may account for the disparate responses of @entity0 to @entity670 and @entity8139 diets. This study indicates that consumption of soy foods may increase @entity3 .

title: Individual and combined soy XXXX exert differential effects on metastatic @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein', 'Daidzein']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8136 :: ('MESH:C086566', 'Chemical') :: ['glycitein']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['isoflavones']


abstract: In a randomized cross-over trial the combination @entity6555 / @entity918 was compared with the combination of @entity1169 / @entity2514 / @entity918 in 34 uncomplicated @entity101 @entity1 , who were not satisfactorily controlled with @entity918 50 mg alone. The elevated diastolic pressure (D.P.) in 27 @entity1 responded satisfactorily to the @entity6555 schedule and in 28 @entity1 to the @entity1169 / @entity2514 schedule. No difference was found in the rate of decrease of D.P., nor in the disappearance of @entity101 -related complaints. Although the duration of the washout between treatments was at least one month, treatment was significantly more efficacious during the second period. @entity6555 pre-treatment especially seemed to enhance the effect of subsequent @entity1169 / @entity2514 administration. Side effects due to therapy were rare and were not related to any particular treatment. The median daily dose of @entity6555 in responders was 600 mg and that of @entity1169 / @entity2514 120/60 mg (in both therapies @entity918 50 mg was given in addition). @entity1 showed a slight preference for the @entity6555 medication. It is concluded that @entity6555 / @entity918 and @entity1169 / @entity2514 / @entity918 are equally satisfactory in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity101 .

title: Comparison of XXXX , @entity1169 and @entity2514 in @entity101 out- @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['Labetalol', 'labetalol']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

answer: @entity6555 :: (MESH:D007741,Chemical) :: ['labetalol']


abstract: A rapid and highly sensitive method by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 was developed and validated for the quantification of an antimalarial candidate (LAFIS10) in @entity35 plasma using @entity619 as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was performed with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and @entity1626 (B), both containing 10   mm of @entity5189 and 0.1% @entity5189 , delivered in the form of elution gradient. The LAFIS10 was monitored using an electrospray ionization interface operating in the positive mode in multiple reaction monitoring mode, monitoring the transitions 681.47    >    538.2 for LAFIS10 and 393.20    >    355.30 for the IS. The flow rate was 500    L/min. The column temperature was kept at 40     C and the injection volume was 2    L. The lower limit of quantification was of 10   ng/mL and linearity between 10 and 1000   ng/mL was observed, with an R(2)    >   0.99. The accuracy of the method was >90%. The relative standard deviations intra- and interday were <8.80 and <6.37%, respectively. The method showed sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and selectivity required to quantify LAFIS 10 in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies according to criteria established by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Development and validation of a bioanalytical method by LC- @entity15 / XXXX for the quantification of the LAFIS 10 - an antimalarial candidate - and its pharmacokinetics first evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid', 'ammonium formate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: @entity6436 is a difficult diagnosis to establish preoperatively. The relationship between @entity50 and @entity6436 is controversial. We describe two @entity1 with unilateral proptosis, @entity892 , palpable orbital masses, @entity2194 , and sinus problems of short duration. Echographically, both had low reflective masses in the orbit and the adjacent sinuses. Roentgenograms and echograms were interpreted as showing erosion of the bony orbital wall. A presumptive diagnosis of sinus malignant @entity5 with orbital extension was made. @entity50 histopathologic examination in one case and nasal histopathologic examination in the other showed chronic inflammatory changes compatible with the diagnosis of @entity6437 . At orbitotomy, one @entity1 had vessels communicating between the orbital and sinus lesions, and both @entity1 had irregular pitting of the bone next to the histologically proved @entity6436 . The lytic erosive changes predicted preoperatively were not present. Simultaneous orbital and @entity50 seem to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Those concerned with the diagnosis and management of @entity2694 should be aware of this entity.

title: @entity50 in inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular discomfort']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital disease']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumors', 'orbital pseudotumor', 'Orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus pseudotumors', 'Sinus', 'sinus disease']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['orbital pseudotumor']


abstract: Plasma @entity1063 (NE) concentration was measured by means of a sensitive radioenzymatic assay in blood collected from an antecubital vein in 10 healthy male subjects (37 +/- 2 yr, mean +/- SE). The subjects were evaluated at rest and during exercise before and after a 20-wk training program on bicycle ergometer (three 30-min sessions per week at 80% of maximal heart rate). Following the training program, maximal @entity26 uptake increased significantly from 33 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 1 ml . kg-1 . @entity1009 . Resting plasma NE remained unchanged after training (167 +/- 38 before and 185 +/- 29 pg . ml-1 after training). For a given absolute work load (735 +/- 51 kg . m. @entity1009 ) the sympathetic nervous response was lower after training as reflected by the decrease in NE concentration (1,371 +/- 286 vs. 687 +/- 64 pg . ml-1). At the same relative work load (heart rate: 158 +/- 5 before and 157 +/- 5 beats . @entity1009 after training) plasma NE concentration was unchanged after training (1,371 +/- 286 vs. 1,729 +/0 371 pg . ml-1). Results from the present study show that the sympathetic nervous activity is closely linked to the exercise demands and confirm earlier suggestions that it remains constant in relation to the relative work load.

title: Plasma XXXX response to exercise before and after training in humans.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The fhu operon of @entity2624 comprises four genes, termed fhuA,C,D,B, which are involved in the uptake of @entity68 - @entity10587 compounds. The fhuA gene encodes the outer membrane receptor protein. Cells that contained three copies of the fhuACD fragment on the thermoamplifiable plasmid pHK232 accumulated at 37 degrees C large amounts of the proFhuA protein. Most of the overproduced proFhuA protein was not translocated into the outer membrane but instead precipitated at the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane, presumably at the sites of synthesis. Despite inhibition of export proFhuA synthesis continued. The precipitate formed was sedimented by centrifugation at 8,000 x g. The proFhuA protein could be solubilized in 1% @entity3208 . Replacement of @entity3208 by @entity6000 resulted in a proFhuA protein which exhibited 10% of the @entity10588 binding activity of renatured mature FhuA protein. Binding of the @entity10588 was inhibited by the FhuA-specific ligands ferrichrome, @entity10589 and @entity10590 M. Limited proteolysis of the isolated pro- and mature form of the FhuA protein with trypsin yielded similar oligopeptide patterns. Addition of ferrichrome affected trypsin cleavage of both proteins in the same way. The common proteolytic intermediates together with phage inactivation indicate a similar conformation of the pro- and mature form.

title: Overproduction of the proFhuA outer membrane receptor protein of XXXX : isolation, properties, and immunocytochemical localization at the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity10587 :: ('CHEBI:24648', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity10589 :: ('MESH:C015657', 'Chemical') :: ['albomycin']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity507 resistance in @entity3964 manifests as slow parasite clearance but this measure is also influenced by host immunity, initial parasite biomass and partner drug efficacy. This study collated data from clinical trials of @entity507 derivatives in @entity9231 with frequent parasite counts to provide reference parasite clearance estimates stratified by location, treatment and time, to examine host factors affecting parasite clearance, and to assess the relationships between parasite clearance and risk of recrudescence during follow-up. METHODS: Data from 24 studies, conducted from 1996 to 2013, with frequent parasite counts were pooled. Parasite clearance half-life ( @entity21290 ) was estimated using the WWARN Parasite Clearance Estimator. Random effects regression models accounting for study and site heterogeneity were used to explore factors affecting @entity21290 and risk of recrudescence within areas with reported delayed parasite clearance (western Cambodia, western Thailand after 2000, southern Vietnam, southern Myanmar) and in all other areas where parasite populations are @entity507 sensitive. RESULTS: @entity21290 was estimated in 6975 @entity1 , 3288 of whom also had treatment outcomes evaluate d during 28-63  days follow-up, with 93 (2.8  %) PCR-confirmed recrudescences. In areas with @entity507 -sensitive parasites, the median @entity21290 following three-day @entity506 treatment (4  mg/kg/day) ranged from 1.8 to 3.0  h and the proportion of @entity1 with @entity21290  >5  h from 0 to 10  %. @entity506 doses of 4  mg/kg/day decreased @entity21290 by 8.1  % (95  % CI 3.2-12.6) compared to 2  mg/kg/day, except in populations with delayed parasite clearance. @entity21290 was longer in @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity221 or @entity417 at enrolment. Long @entity21290 (HR  =  2.91, 95  % CI 1.95-4.34 for twofold increase, p  <  0.001) and high initial parasitaemia (HR  =  2.23, 95  % CI 1.44-3.45 for tenfold increase, p  <  0.001) were associated independently with an increased risk of recrudescence. In western Cambodia, the region with the highest prevalence of @entity507 resistance, there was no evidence for increasing @entity13704 /2 since 2007. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors affect @entity21290 . As substantial heterogeneity in parasite clearance exists between locations, early detection of @entity507 resistance requires reference @entity21290 data. Studies with frequent parasite count measurements to characterize @entity21290 should be encouraged. In western Cambodia, where @entity21290 values are longest, there is no evidence for recent emergence of higher levels of @entity507 resistance.

title: Baseline data of parasite clearance in XXXX with @entity9231 treated with an @entity507 derivative: an individual @entity1 data meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate', 'Artesunate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity494 /222 cluster is significantly upregulated in @entity11 cells and regulates the expression of multiple genes associated with @entity11 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis, which was shown in our previous studies. @entity495 has been identified as a @entity5 suppressor and major component for the establishment of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in glial cells, which is frequently reduced or deleted in high-grade @entity11 . According to bioinformatic analysis, @entity495 ( @entity495 ) may be one of the target genes of @entity494 /222. The aim of the present study was to validate @entity495 as a target gene of @entity494 /222 and to determine whether overexpression of @entity494 /222 is one of the molecular mechanisms for the reduced expression of @entity495 in @entity11 . We transfected @entity494 /222 antisense oligonucleotides (AS- @entity494 /222) into U251 @entity1 @entity463 cells using a @entity496 method. Northern blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of the @entity494 /222 cluster. Luciferase reporter assays were exploited to confirm @entity495 as a target gene of @entity494 /222. @entity495 expression was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Scrape loading and dye transfer (SLDT) assays were used for examination of GJIC. Proliferation and invasion of U251 cells were evaluated by @entity98 and transwell assays, respectively. Cell cycle kinetics and apoptosis were determined with flow cytometry. We found that expression of the @entity494 /222 cluster was significantly reduced while @entity495 expression was upregulated in U251 cells transfected with AS- @entity494 /222, and the @entity497 in parental U251 cells was re-established. Moreover, the luciferase activity determined by the luciferase reporter assay was enhanced in AS- @entity494 /222-treated cells, and cell proliferation and invasion were suppressed while apoptosis was induced. We conclude that @entity494 /222 function as oncogenic microRNAs in @entity1 @entity11 , at least in part, by targeting @entity495 .

title: miR-221/222 is the regulator of XXXX expression in @entity1 @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['GJIC deficiency']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectamine']

answer: @entity495 :: (2697,Gene) :: ['Cx43']


abstract: During a 25-year period 69 @entity1 whose ages ranged from 1 day to 64 years were treated for bronchogenic cyst of the mediastinum. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1:0.76. The cysts were symptomatic in 63.7%, compressive in 43.4%, and life threatening in 2.8% of cases. Symptoms and signs of compression were more frequent in @entity1 and @entity1 than in adults. Such symptoms and signs were more dependent on the location of the cyst than on its volume. The preoperative diagnosis was wrong in 16% of cases. The cysts were approached through thoracotomy in 67 cases, including one conversion from thoracoscopy, and through cervicotomy and mediastinoscopy in one case each. The cysts opened into the respiratory tract in five cases. No communication with the esophageal lumen was observed. The cystic contents were apparently infected in three cases, but samples remained sterile at culture. There was one hospital death caused by a centrally located compressive cyst that was undiagnosed at thoracotomy. The postoperative morbidity rate was 13.4%. There were no further symptoms after operation in @entity1 , but five adults reported continuing @entity158 or @entity1353 . Resection of @entity5619 is recommended because of uncertainties in diagnosis and in evolution.

title: XXXX of the mediastinum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic cysts']

answer: @entity5619 :: (MESH:D001994,Disease) :: ['Bronchogenic cysts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of orbital tissue volumes and proptosis after @entity1667 pulse therapy in @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ). METHODS: The cross-sectional areas of orbital tissues and proptosis were measured with magnetic resonance imaging in 40 orbits of 20 @entity1 with @entity6875 before and after @entity1667 pulse therapy. The volumes of the whole orbit, orbital fatty tissue, and extraocular muscles were calculated. The volumes and proptosis were compared before and after treatment using a paired t test. RESULTS: Before treatment, the mean volumes were 33.0      4.8  cm(3) in the whole orbit, 19.9      4.1  cm(3) in the orbital fatty tissue, and 4.6      1.2  cm(3) in the total extraocular muscles. After treatment, the mean volumes were 32.5      4.4  cm(3) in the whole orbit, 19.9      3.7  cm(3) in the orbital fatty tissue, and 4.0      1.0  cm(3) in the total extraocular muscles. The mean volumes of the whole orbit (P  =  0.17) and orbital fatty tissue (P  =  0.82) were not significantly decreased after treatment, while the mean volume of total extraocular muscles was significantly decreased (P  <  0.001). The mean proptosis value was 18.9      2.8  mm before treatment and 18.6      3.4  mm after treatment. The mean proptosis value was not significantly decreased after treatment (P  =  0.30). CONCLUSIONS: The volume of orbital fatty tissue seemed to be unchanged after @entity1667 pulse therapy while that of total extraocular muscles was decreased. The proptosis value seemed to be unchanged after treatment.

title: Changes of orbital tissue volumes and proptosis in @entity1 with thyroid extraocular muscle swelling after XXXX pulse therapy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy', 'TAO']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: A 48 year-old @entity28 male with @entity101 was admitted to our department because of severe right-dominant @entity712 . His heart rhythm was 2:1 @entity956 and the left ventricle was diffusely @entity1184 and @entity5048 . @entity1368 was diagnosed based on severe @entity1371 (2.6 mEq/L) and a low @entity916 -high @entity1369 state with @entity101 despite the use of an angiotensin-II receptor blocker, but its etiology could not be clarified with computed tomography, adrenal scintigraphy, and adrenal vein sampling. Ascites and @entity4 rapidly worsened. Ascites aspiration was performed daily, until serum @entity972 was normalized by a full dose of an @entity1369 receptor blocker ( @entity1482 100 mg/day). A diuretic ( @entity1483 ) was then added. Rate control of @entity956 was obtained with a beta-adrenergic blocker, and anticoagulation therapy was started. His @entity712 was successfully controlled. Coronary arteries were normal on coronary arteriograms, and an endomyocardial biopsy sample obtained from the left ventricle did not show any specific pathological findings. Blood pressure was well controlled with the full dose of the @entity1369 receptor blocker, but he died one year later due to @entity1779 . As his @entity712 was right dominant, we believe that its etiology may have been @entity1368 -induced @entity296 , and not advanced @entity101 .

title: @entity1368 with right-dominant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism', 'Primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for @entity150 ( @entity150 ) was established primarily with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (MVAC), with complete response rates (pT0) as high as 38%. However, because of the comparable efficacy with better tolerability of @entity136 and @entity900 (GC) in @entity1 with @entity3 , GC has become the most commonly used regimen in the neoadjuvant setting. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess real-world pathologic response rates to NAC with different regimens in a large, multicenter cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Data were collected retrospectively at 19 centers on @entity1 with clinical cT2-4aN0M0 urothelial @entity150 who received at least three cycles of NAC, followed by radical cystectomy (RC), between 2000 and 2013. INTERVENTION: NAC and RC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was pathologic stage at cystectomy. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine factors predictive of pT0N0 and  <=pT1N0 stages. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Data were collected on 935 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria. GC was used in the majority of the @entity1 (n=602; 64.4%), followed by MVAC (n=183; 19.6%) and other regimens (n=144; 15.4%). The rates of pT0N0 and  <=pT1N0 pathologic response were 22.7% and 40.8%, respectively. The rate of pT0N0 disease for @entity1 receiving GC was 23.9%, compared with 24.5% for MVAC (p=0.2). There was no difference between MVAC and GC in pT0N0 on multivariable analysis (odds ratio: 0.89 [95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.34]; p=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Response rates to NAC were lower than those reported in prospective randomized trials, and we did not discern a difference between MVAC and GC. Without any evidence from randomized prospective trials, the best NAC regimen for invasive @entity150 remains to be determined. @entity1 SUMMARY: There was no apparent difference in the response rates to the two most common presurgical chemotherapy regimens for @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: Multicenter assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder', 'BCa', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['muscle-invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity258 (HR), associated with a prolonged slow filling phase (SF), is necessary to obtain a high quality coronary CT at a low radiation dose with conventional 64 multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). The purpose of our study was to confirm the safety of injecting @entity1169 (2-10 mg) into the vein for lowering heart rate in @entity1 requiring MDCT and to document the effect of the drug on HR, PQ and SF. METHOD: Of 1290 consecutive @entity1 who were initially considered for enrollment in the coronary MDCT study, 40 @entity1 with @entity955 , 3 with @entity956 , and 13 with artificial pacemakers were excluded. Of the remaining 1234 @entity1 (M/F=714/520), 331 had already taken an oral beta-blocker before the CT examination, and were included in the study. In @entity1 with no contraindications, @entity1169 was aggressively injected (2-10 mg) into the vein to reduce the HR. RESULT: In @entity1 not taking an oral beta blocker, 2 mg @entity1169 reduced the HR by -10  5 bpm and 10 mg, by -20  7 bpm. However, in @entity1 taking an oral beta-blocker, the decrease in HR by @entity1169 was minimal (2 mg, -6  4 bpm; 10 mg, -10  6 bpm). @entity1169 significantly prolonged the PQ interval (from 169  27 to 179  29 ms, P<0.0001), and SF (from 125  69 to 264  79 ms, P<0.0001). Adverse effects of @entity1169 injection were observed in only 3 [2 mild @entity551 and 1 paroxysmal @entity955 (recovered to sinus rhythm by DC counter shock)] of 3212 @entity1 . All 3 @entity1 became stable after 1 or 2 hours of rest and could return home. CONCLUSION: @entity1169 injection was a relatively safe and useful method to reduce HR and prolong SF, necessary for obtaining high quality coronary MDCT with a low radiation dose.

title: [Usefulness and safety of XXXX injection into vein for acquisition of coronary multidetector-row computed tomography].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutters']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillations']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low heart rate']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: A possible role for endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in the control of luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity5947 (PRL) secretion was studied by injecting the opioid antagonist, @entity1510 ( @entity3696 ), into postpartum ewes and @entity291 . Twelve ewes that lambed during the fall breeding season and nursed their @entity742 were injected iv with @entity3696 (1.0 mg/kg) on d 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 postpartum. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 2 h before to 2 h after @entity3696 , and serum concentrations of LH and PRL were quantified. Following treatment on d 10, suckling @entity742 were removed from 6 of the 12 ewes, creating non-suckled (NS) and suckled (S) treatment groups for subsequent study on d 14 through 26. On d 10, @entity3696 treatment increased LH (P less than .01) but concentrations of PRL were not affected. When averaged across d 14 to 26, post- @entity3696 concentrations of LH were greater (P less than .001) than pre- @entity3696 concentrations (6.5 +/- .7 vs 1.9 +/- .4 ng/ml). In contrast, concentrations of PRL in the post- @entity3696 period were lower (P less than .001) than pre- @entity3696 concentrations (129 +/- 15 vs 89 +/- 10 ng/ml). Compared with S ewes over d 14 to 26, those in the NS group had similar pre- @entity3696 concentrations of LH, tendencies for higher (P less than .10) post- @entity3696 concentrations of LH, lower (P less than .001) mean serum concentrations of PRL (pre- and post- @entity3696 ) and similar pre- @entity3696 vs post- @entity3696 differences in serum PRL. Six suckled beef @entity291 on d 24 to 35 were injected iv with either saline or @entity3696 (.5 mg/kg) in a replicated crossover design. Injections of @entity3696 increased serum concentrations of LH (P less than .05), when averaged over all 12 injections in the six cows, but serum PRL was not changed. However, three of six @entity291 did not respond to @entity3696 with increases in serum LH. These non-responding @entity291 were similar to the responding @entity291 in their pre-injection concentrations of LH and PRL, but they tended (P = .10) to have higher serum concentrations of @entity701 than responding @entity291 .

title: Endogenous opioid modulation of luteinizing hormone and @entity5947 secretion in postpartum ewes and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), found to be effective in reducing @entity417 in chemotherapy-treated @entity5 @entity1 , also are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including @entity64 . In an attempt to mitigate the risk, the Food and Drug Administration implemented a Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) in February 2010. The purpose of this study is to evaluate change over time in the incidence of @entity64 among these @entity1 before and after implementation of REMS. A retrospective data analysis using the Medicare 5% Sample Dataset, 2008-2011, was performed. @entity1 had to be 65 years of age or older at the start of at least 1 year of continuous enrollment and to have lung and/or @entity0 along with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) in both pre-REMS and post-REMS periods (1Q2008 through 4Q2009 and 1Q2010 through 4Q2011, respectively). Logistic regression was used to evaluate differences in proportions of @entity1 who received ESAs and experienced a @entity64 pre and post REMS. The pre-REMS cohort included 1252 eligible @entity1 prescribed ESAs; the post-REMS cohort included 949 @entity1 . No statistically significant change in @entity64 incidence was observed post REMS among @entity1 with @entity417 who received ESAs. There was a 29.5% decrease in ESA use in @entity1 with @entity2 and a 27.8% decrease in @entity1 with @entity0 . Both were statistically significant. Results adjusted for baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions were similar. There was a statistically significant decrease in ESA use in @entity1 with @entity0 post REMS; no statistically significant reduction in the incidence of @entity64 was observed regardless of @entity5 type. (Population Health Management 2016;19:63-69).

title: The Impact of the Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on Their Use and the Incidence of @entity64 in Medicare Subjects with Chemotherapy-Induced @entity417 with Lung and/or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast and/or lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chemotherapy-induced anemia', 'anemia', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancers']


abstract: @entity1813 and @entity9480 ( @entity9480 ) production increases in experimental @entity1960 . Both @entity1813 and @entity9480 seem to arise from similar membrane phospholipids. To support both these suggestions we have investigated whether a fat-free diet, which should alter production of @entity1813 and @entity9480 , affects experimental @entity1960 . Essential @entity844 deficient (EFAD) @entity35 were obtained by putting 4-week-old animals on a fat-free diet for 3 months. Experimental @entity1960 was induced by a single intracolonic administration of 2 ml of 4% @entity1543 . One to seven days later the animals were sacrificed and the colon removed to assess macroscopically and histologically intestinal damage. @entity1813 and @entity9480 levels were also measured in the mucosa scrapings by specific radioimmunoassay. The @entity1049 was more evident in control @entity35 compared with EFAD @entity35 . Besides colonic tissue of control @entity35 showed a highly significant increase of @entity1421 , LTB4 and @entity9480 , compared with levels in EFAD @entity35 . Our results indicate that fat-free diet reduces tissue damage, and at the same time PGE2, LTB4 and @entity9480 colonic content.

title: @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 in normal and essential @entity844 deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids', 'Eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity9480 :: ('300795(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PAF', 'platelet-activating factor']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the colon']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials in @entity63 @entity1 showed the safety and benefit of autologous bone marrow progenitor cell transplantation. Non-bone marrow progenitor cells with proangiogenic capacities have been described, yet they remain clinically unexploited owing to their scarcity, difficulty of access, and low ex vivo expansibility. We investigated the presence, antigenic profile, expansion capacity, and proangiogenic potential of progenitor cells from the saphenous vein of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2280 -positive cells, negative for the endothelial marker @entity2880 factor, were localized around adventitial vasa vasorum. After dissection of the vein from surrounding tissues and enzymatic digestion, @entity2280 -positive/ @entity2279 -negative cells were isolated by selective culture, immunomagnetic beads, or fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. In the presence of serum, @entity2280 -positive/ @entity2279 -negative cells gave rise to a highly proliferative population that expressed pericyte/mesenchymal antigens together with the stem cell marker @entity4731 and showed clonogenic and multilineage differentiation capacities. We called this population "saphenous vein-derived progenitor cells" (SVPs). In culture, SVPs integrated into networks formed by endothelial cells and supported angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Reciprocally, endothelial cell-released factors facilitated SVP migration. These interactive responses were inhibited by @entity878 or platelet-derived growth factor-BB blockade. Intramuscular injection of SVPs in @entity63 limbs of @entity465 @entity19 improved neovascularization and blood flow recovery. At 14 days after transplantation, proliferating SVPs were still detectable in the recipient muscles, where they established @entity6076 -mediated physical contact with the capillary endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: SVPs generated from @entity1 vein @entity2280 -positive/ @entity2279 -negative progenitor cells might represent a new therapeutic tool for angiogenic therapy in @entity63 @entity1 .

title: XXXX adult vena saphena contains perivascular progenitor cells endowed with clonogenic and proangiogenic potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Swallowing dysfunction can occur after mechanical ventilation, leading to complications such as @entity1174 . After mechanical ventilation, authors have recommended evaluating @entity1 with contrast studies or endoscopy to identify @entity1 at risk for swallowing dysfunction and aspiration. The purpose of the study was to determine if a @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) can identify @entity1 with swallowing dysfunction after mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This is a 1-year (2008) prospective study of all adult @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation. Upon separation from mechanical, all @entity1 received a @entity1282 . The @entity1282 used mental status, facial symmetry, swallow reflex, and oral ice chips and water to identify swallowing dysfunction. @entity1 who passed the @entity1282 were advanced to oral intake per physician orders, whereas @entity1 who failed the @entity1282 were allowed nothing by mouth. RESULTS: A total of 345 @entity1 were included; 54 died before separation from mechanical ventilation and were excluded. The remaining 291 @entity1 underwent @entity1282 after separation from mechanical ventilation, with 143 (49%) passing and 148 (51%) failing. @entity1 who failed the @entity1282 required mechanical ventilation longer than those who passed (14    13 vs 5    20 days, P = .001). In addition, only 23% of @entity1 extubated within 72 hours failed the @entity1282 , whereas 78% of those intubated more than 72 hours failed the @entity1282 (P < .001). All @entity1 who passed the @entity1282 were discharged from the hospital without a clinical aspiration event. Independent risk factors for failure of @entity1282 included tracheostomy, older age, prolonged mechanical ventilation, delirium @entity14935 , @entity131 , and spine @entity174 . Three (2%) @entity1 who failed the @entity1282 had a clinical aspiration event despite taking nothing by mouth. CONCLUSIONS: A simple @entity1282 can be used to identify @entity1 at risk for swallowing dysfunction after mechanical ventilation. More importantly, @entity1282 can safely clear @entity1 without swallowing dysfunction, avoiding costly and time-consuming contrast studies or endoscopic evaluation.

title: Swallowing dysfunction after mechanical ventilation in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration and pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['BSE', 'bedside swallowing evaluation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity935 (DA) is critical for motor performance, motor learning, and corticostriatal plasticity. The relationship between motor performance and learning, and the role of DA in the mediation of them, however, remain unclear. METHODS: To examine this question, we took advantage of @entity23497 -deficient @entity19 ( @entity4118 @entity19 ), in which DA in the dorsal striatum is reduced by 90%. @entity23497 -deficient @entity19 do not @entity51 in their home cage, but are impaired in motor tasks that require new motor skills. We used the accelerating rotarod as a motor learning task. RESULTS: We show that the @entity1957 learning in @entity23497 (-/-) is dramatic and can be rescued with levodopa treatment. In addition, cessation of levodopa treatment after acquisition of the motor skill does not result in an immediate drop in performance. Instead, there is a gradual decline of performance that lasts for a few days, which is not related to levodopa pharmacokinetics. We show that this gradual decline is dependent on the retesting experience. INTERPRETATION: This observation resembles the long-duration response to levodopa therapy in its slow buildup of improvement after the initiation of therapy and gradual degradation. We hypothesize that motor learning may play a significant, underappreciated role in the symptomatology of @entity191 as well as in the therapeutic effects of levodopa. We suggest that the important, yet enigmatic long-duration response to chronic levodopa treatment is a manifestation of rescued motor learning.

title: XXXX -dependent motor learning: insight into levodopa's long-duration response.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['display obvious motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in motor skill']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: This study evaluated the influence of addition of 10% @entity12374 ( @entity3282 ) on the setting time, solubility, disintegration, and pH of white MTA (WMTA) and white Portland cement (WPC). A test of the setting time was performed following the #57 ADA specifications and a test of the final setting time according to the ASTM. For the solubility tests disintegration and pH, Teflon rings were filled with the cements and weighed after setting. After 24 h in a desiccator, they were once again weighed. Thereafter, they were immersed in MiliQ water for 24 and 72 h and 7, 14, and 28 days, with maintenance in the desiccator and weighing between periods. The pH of water in which the rings were immersed was measured immediately after contact with them and in the other periods. The addition of @entity3282 provided a significant reduction (50%) in the initial setting time of cements. The final setting time of WMTA was reduced in 35.5% and the final setting time of WPC in 68.5%. The WMTA with @entity3282 absorbed water and gained weight with time, except for in the 24-h period. The addition of @entity3282 to the WPC reduced its solubility. The addition of @entity3282 increased the pH of WMTA in the immediate period and at 24 and 72 h and for WPC in the immediate period and at 24 h. The addition of @entity3282 to WMTA and WPC reduced the setting times and solubility of both and increased the pH of cements in the initial periods.

title: The influence of XXXX on the setting time, solubility, disintegration, and pH of mineral trioxide aggregate and white Portland cement with a radiopacifier.

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity12374 :: (MESH:D002122,Chemical) :: ['calcium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity221 produces @entity601 ( @entity601 ) in a variety of animal species. Elevated maternal body temperatures may also place the developing @entity1 embryo at risk. We examined the relation between maternal @entity221 and the development of @entity601 in a high-risk Mexican-American population. METHODS: Case- @entity1 were Mexican-American @entity1 with @entity1591 -affected pregnancies who resided and delivered in any of the 14 Texas counties bordering Mexico, during 1995-2000. Control- @entity1 were randomly selected from study area residents delivering normal live births, frequency-matched to cases by hospital and year. Information on maternal fevers, febrile illnesses, exposures to heat generated from external sources, and @entity221 -inducing activities was gathered through in- @entity1 interviews, conducted about six weeks postpartum. RESULTS: The risk effect (OR) associated with maternal fever in the first trimester, compared to no fever, was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.5-5.7). @entity1 taking fever-reducing medications showed a lower risk effect (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.6) than those who did not (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4-10.9). First-trimester maternal exposures to heat devices such as hot tubs, saunas, or electric blankets were associated with an OR of 3.6 (95% CI, 1.1-15.9). Small insignificant effects were observed for activities such as cooking in a hot kitchen (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.6) and working or exercising in the sun (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.2). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal @entity221 increases the risk for @entity1591 -affected offspring. @entity1 intending to become pregnant should avoid intense heat exposures, carefully monitor and manage their febrile illnesses, and routinely consume @entity1501 supplements.

title: The effect of fever, febrile illnesses, and heat exposures on the risk of XXXX in a Texas-Mexico border population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural tube defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: de @entity8806 is an @entity32 of @entity8807 ( @entity8807 ) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) muscle tendon sheaths at the level of radial styloid process. Its conservative management includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, wrist and thumb immobilization, ultrasonic therapy (US Th.) and low level laser therapy (LLLT). Literature is scanty on comparative efficacy of US Th. and LLLT for its management. This prospective study evaluates outcome of US Th. versus LLLT in de @entity8806 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 clinically diagnosed de Quervains @entity2762 were included in the study and randomly assigned to two groups. The average age was 36 years (range: 21-45 years). One group was given LLLT and the other US Th. for a total of 7 exposures on alternate days. The clinical criteria used were Finkelstein's test, tenderness over radial styloid (Ritchie's tenderness scale), grip strength, @entity158 (visual analog scale [VAS]) and radiological criteria was ultrasonographic assessment of change in thickness of @entity8807 and @entity1319 . They were measured before commencement and at the end of seven sessions of therapy, as per standard procedure. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen within both groups in the following outcome measures assessed: Ritchie's tenderness scale, grip strength and VAS. Finkelstein's test was not significantly improved in either groups. Ultrasonographic measurement of tendon sheath diameters, the mediolateral (ML), and anteroposterior (AP) diameters was not found to be significantly different in the US Th. group and the laser therapy group after treatment. On comparing both the groups, no statistically significant difference was found. However, looking at the mean values, the grip strength and VAS showed better improvement in the US Th. group as compared to the laser therapy group.

title: Outcome of low level lasers versus ultrasonic therapy in de XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8807 :: ('MESH:C536354', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'abductor pollicis longus']

entities_list: @entity8806 :: ('MESH:D053684', 'Disease') :: ["Quervain's tenosynovitis", "Quervain's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['EPB tendon sheath']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity8806 :: (MESH:D053684,Disease) :: ['Quervain's tenosynovitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 (400 mg daily) is considered the best initial therapy for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in the chronic phase. However, only a minority of @entity1 treated with @entity2213 have a complete molecular remission. METHODS: We randomly assigned 636 @entity1 with untreated chronic-phase @entity1860 to receive @entity2213 alone at a dose of 400 mg daily, @entity2213 (400 mg daily) plus @entity2592 (20 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day on days 15 through 28 of each 28-day cycle) or pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa-2a (90  g weekly), or @entity2213 alone at a dose of 600 mg daily. Molecular and cytogenetic responses, time to treatment failure, overall and event-free survival, and adverse events were assessed. An analysis of molecular response at 12 months was planned. A superior molecular response was defined as a decrease in the ratio of transcripts of the @entity669 kinase gene @entity1861 to transcripts of @entity1861 of 0.01% or less, corresponding to a reduction of 4 log(10) units or more from the baseline level, as assessed by means of a real-time quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay. RESULTS: At 12 months, the rates of cytogenetic response were similar among the four groups. The rate of a superior molecular response was significantly higher among @entity1 receiving @entity2213 and peginterferon alfa-2a (30%) than among @entity1 receiving 400 mg of @entity2213 alone (14%) (P=0.001). The rate was significantly higher among @entity1 treated for more than 12 months than among those treated for 12 months or less. Gastrointestinal events were more frequent among @entity1 receiving @entity2592 , whereas @entity1910 and @entity308 were more frequent among @entity1 receiving peginterferon alfa-2a. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with other treatments, the addition of peginterferon alfa-2a to @entity2213 therapy resulted in significantly higher rates of molecular response in @entity1 with chronic-phase @entity1860 . (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00219739.).

title: @entity2213 plus peginterferon alfa-2a in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) often have severe @entity712 with a high mortality rate. Most @entity1555 @entity1 with @entity296 became symptomatic in their early to middle teens and usually die of @entity712 within 2-3 years from the onset of symptoms. It has been reported that the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor and a beta-blocker has additive benefits in @entity1 with @entity712 . The aim of this study was to assess whether the combination of an @entity1289 inhibitor and a beta-blocker is associated with long-term survival of @entity1555 @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 52 @entity1555 @entity1 who had begun treatment for @entity712 with an @entity1289 inhibitor and a beta-blocker at National Yakumo Hospital during the period from 1992 to 2005. All @entity1 used wheelchairs in their daily lives. @entity1 were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic at the initiation of treatment with these two drugs. Twelve @entity1 who had already had apparent symptoms due to @entity712 were enrolled in a treatment group. Forty @entity1 who had no symptoms with reduced LV ejection fraction ( <= 45% in echocardiography) were enrolled in a prevention group. RESULTS: Five-year and 7-year survival rates of all @entity1 were 93 and 84%, respectively. In the treatment group, 5-year and 7-year survival rate were 81 and 71%, respectively. Survival rate became zero at 10.9 years. In the prevention group, 5-year and 7-year survival rates were 97 and 84%, respectively, and 10-year survival rate was 72%. Nine @entity1 in the prevention group remained event-free over 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the combination of an @entity1289 inhibitor and a beta-blocker had a beneficial effect on long-term survival of @entity1555 @entity1 with @entity712 . The treatment was particularly effective for asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: Beneficial effects of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The effects of preincubating @entity35 granulosa cells with FSH, LH, and @entity3695 on subsequent @entity3695 mediated @entity1420 secretion were investigated. Granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles 50 h after injection of 5 IU PMSG and were then plated on @entity5731 coated coverslips in serum supplemented medium. Cells were preincubated for 24 h in the absence of hormones (control) or with the addition of either 0.25, 2.5, 25 ng/ml @entity35 FSH or @entity35 LH, or 1 microgram/ml @entity35 @entity3695 . Following the preincubation period, cells were maintained for an additional 6 or 8 days in the presence or absence of 1 microgram/ml @entity3695 . When cells were preincubated with FSH or LH, only the two higher concentrations (2.5 and 25 ng/ml) stimulated significantly more @entity1420 secretion than control cultures during the 24 h preincubation period. For each series of preincubations, cells cultured for 6 or 8 days in the presence of @entity3695 secreted significantly more @entity1420 at each day of culture than cells cultured without @entity3695 . Cells preincubated and cultured with @entity3695 secreted only 3-7-fold more @entity1420 than cells preincubated in control medium and then cultured with @entity3695 . Preincubation with FSH or LH promoted a 20-45-fold increase in @entity3695 mediated @entity1420 secretion compared to control preincubation cultures that also subsequently were cultured with @entity3695 . The magnitude of @entity3695 mediated @entity1420 secretion observed through 6 days of culturing was dose dependent on the preincubation concentration of FSH or LH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotrophic regulation of prolactin mediated XXXX secretion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1653 are benign and relatively rare @entity5 . These @entity5 present about only 25% of primary @entity5 . Although @entity1653 are considered as slowly growing @entity5 , yet they may cause devastating @entity51 rendering @entity1 crippled. This study describes performing a posterolateral approach to surgically treat anterior based cervical @entity1653 . We hereby report on 16 cases operated upon using this approach, and we present our results and display some of our cases with special emphasis on achieving total resection, rate of recurrence and the neurological outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study reports on 16 @entity1 who underwent surgery for anterior based cervical @entity1653 . Data regarding age, sex, duration and type of symptoms, levels, topographical locations, surgical results, and histological features are presented. RESULTS: The age ranged between 19 and 78 years old with a mean age of 48.3 years. The initial symptom among most @entity1 (13 @entity1 ) was @entity4048 , @entity1183 and @entity158 were found in 9, and clumsiness of the upper extremity in 7 @entity1 . Total excision with @entity450 was done in 11 cases, and spilt dura technique was feasible in 4 cases where the @entity5 together with the inner dura layer was resected. We encountered one case of @entity1653 with @entity8075 and @entity3 which rendered total excision too risky and only subtotal resection was achieved. There were no major surgical or permanent @entity16 . Lateral mass fixation was used in 2 @entity1 with a strictly midline anterior @entity5 in which a total facetectomy was done. All @entity1 were followed up for an average of 3.6 years. @entity5 recurrence was seen in 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The lateral approach allows for safe and total @entity3799 . This approach gives a direct avenue to the @entity5 without risk of destabilizing the vertebral column. The rate of recurrence is the same when using the anterior approach but is less invasive with less @entity190 .

title: Surgical management of ventrally based lower cervical (subaxial) XXXX through the lateral approach: Report on 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'Tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['dural coagulation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['atypical meningioma', 'Spinal meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'spinal meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['removal of ventral cervical meningioma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid invasion']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: The recent advances in the treatment of @entity191 have made for significant improvements in the quality of life and mortality rate of those who suffer from this @entity179 . At the same time, the number of options and the complexity of multi-drug regimens have posed a great challenge for the clinician caring for the @entity1 with @entity191 . Though there are still many questions to be answered in regard to the potential neuroprotective effects of several medications, a few general rational treatment plans can be outlined. In @entity1 requiring treatment in the early stages of the disease, especially with a predominance of @entity400 , anticholinergics or @entity7776 should be considered initially. At this point, it would be reasonable to add @entity4160 for both therapeutic and possible neuroprotective effects. As a @entity1 becomes more affected by the disease and additional therapy is necessary, starting either a @entity935 agonist or levodopa would be a rational choice. Continuation of @entity4160 and, possibly, @entity7776 for neuroprotective reasons should be contemplated. Titration in levodopa therapy (with controlled-release or standard levodopa) to higher levels should prompt addition of a @entity935 receptor agonist if one has not been started previously. Conversely, if a @entity1 is receiving only a @entity935 receptor agonist and is becoming progressively disabled, levodopa should be added to the regimen. Fluctuations in motor abilities may be improved further by the use of a @entity5549 inhibitor. @entity1 with uncontrollable motor fluctuations should be considered for surgery. Undoubtedly, the coming years will bring more treatment options and more evidence on which sequences and combinations of therapies are the most beneficial. Differences in efficacy and adverse effects for each @entity1 must be taken into consideration when outlining and carrying out a treatment plan. By using a rational approach to the treatment of @entity191 , with the above guidelines in mind, the @entity1 should be able to enjoy a good quality of life and level of function for many years.

title: The treatment of XXXX : current concepts and rationale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['selegiline']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity120 is a life-threatening complication in @entity2395 characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Increased platelet activation is associated with this complication; however, its role remains unclear. METHODS: Platelet activation in splenectomized b- @entity2395 /hemoglobin E (Hb E) @entity1 was measured using flow cytometric determination of @entity8729 and activated glycoprotein (aGP) IIb/IIIa expression, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates (platelet-neutrophil, platelet-monocyte and platelet-lymphocyte aggregates). Tricuspid regurgitant velocity ( @entity15510 ) was measured and used as an indicator of pulmonary arterial pressure. Plasma hemoglobin served as markers of @entity2142 . RESULTS: Fifteen of 27 @entity1 had elevated @entity15510 (>2.5m/s). Platelet expression of @entity8729 and aGPIIb/IIIa, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates were higher in @entity2395 @entity1 with elevated @entity15510 than healthy control. Platelet-neutrophil aggregates increased in @entity2395 @entity1 with elevated @entity15510 compared to @entity1 with normal @entity15510 . The increase in @entity8729 and aGPIIb/IIIa expression induced by @entity857 ( @entity857 ) was higher in @entity1 with elevated @entity15510 than those with normal @entity15510 . Platelet @entity8729 expression and platelet-neutrophil aggregates correlated positively with @entity15510 . Plasma hemoglobin levels in @entity1 with elevated @entity15510 were higher than those of the control subjects, and correlated with @entity15510 . CONCLUSION: @entity2395 @entity1 with elevated @entity15510 have a further increase in platelet activation that correlates with @entity2142 .

title: Platelet hyperactivity in @entity2395 @entity1 with elevated tricuspid regurgitant velocity and the association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['Thalassemia', 'thalassemia']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To what extent silent paroxysmal @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is present in @entity64 @entity1 has not been established. We hypothesized that brief intermittent long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings at regular time intervals are more effective than short-term continuous ECG monitoring in detecting silent @entity955 episodes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 who had suffered an ischaemic @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and were without known @entity955 underwent a 24 h continuous ECG recording and performed 10 s rhythm registrations using a hand-held ECG recorder twice daily for 30 days and when @entity943 symptoms occured. Two hundred and forty-nine @entity64 @entity1 were included. Mean National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score was 0.9 (0-10). In total, 17 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity955 . One hundred and eight @entity955 episodes were diagnosed in 15 @entity1 using intermittent recording, out of which 22% where unscheduled symptom triggered episodes. In three @entity1 @entity955 was diagnosed with both methods and in two @entity1 @entity955 was detected exclusively with 24 h Holter monitoring. A significant difference in favour of the hand-held ECG was shown between the two methods (P = 0.013). The total prevalence of @entity955 was 6.8% and increased to 11.8% in @entity1 >= 75 years. No @entity955 was found in @entity1 <65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged brief intermittent @entity943 screening substantially improves the detection of silent paroxysmal @entity955 in @entity1 with a recent @entity64 , and thus facilitates the detection of @entity1 who should receive oral anticoagulant treatment.

title: Improved screening for silent @entity955 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'ischaemic stroke/TIA', 'stroke/transient ischaemic attack', 'Stroke', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 developed @entity305 complicating @entity3124 . They had been admitted to a critical care unit following intubation for cardiac or @entity358 and had developed @entity295 and @entity881 . Approximately one month following intubation, failure to wean from the ventilator and limb weakness prompted @entity16 . Examination disclosed weakness and @entity5653 of muscles and @entity73 in most, but not all, @entity1 . Electrophysiological studies in 17 @entity1 revealed attenuated compound muscle and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes and widespread denervation on needle electromyography. Autopsy in 9 @entity1 who died of their @entity3124 revealed widespread primary @entity2537 , with extensive @entity2057 . Survivors recovered from the @entity305 three to six months following discharge. Seventeen of the @entity1 were segregated by electrophysiological criteria into mild (8) and severe (9) @entity305 categories. An analysis of these two groups failed to reveal putative metabolic, drug, nutritional or toxic factors that might be responsible for the @entity305 . Our studies suggest that the mechanism may be a @entity154 , still unknown, which causes dysfunction of all organ systems in this syndrome.

title: XXXX . A complication of @entity295 and @entity881 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['fundamental defect']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological referral']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration of motor and sensory fibres']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['denervation atrophy of limb and respiratory muscles']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['Critical illness polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated the effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist ( @entity4397 ) on tissue @entity32 , angiogenesis and apoptosis in @entity46 , @entity1870 . Here, we investigated expression of @entity4396 receptors (GnRHRs) and effect of @entity4397 on the proliferation of cells derived from endometria and pathological lesions of @entity1 with these reproductive diseases. METHODS: Biopsy specimens were collected from lesions and corresponding endometria of 35 @entity1 with @entity530 , 45 @entity1 with @entity43 , 35 @entity1 with @entity1870 and 56 @entity1 with @entity1868 during laparoscopy or laparotomy. The gene and protein expressions of @entity23042 in eutopic/ectopic cells and tissues were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The immunoreactivity of @entity23042 in tissue was analysed by quantitative-histogram (Q-H) scores. The exogenous effect of @entity4397 on cell proliferation was examined by @entity1603 incorporation assay. The Ki-67-immunoreactive cell proliferation index was analysed in biopsy specimens derived from @entity4397 -treated and -non-treated @entity1 . RESULTS: Types I and II GnRHRs mRNA and proteins were expressed in eutopic endometria and pathological lesions derived from @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity1870 . @entity23042 expression was the highest in the menstrual phase when compared with other phases of the menstrual cycle. Higher Q-H scores of @entity23042 immunoreaction were found in blood-filled opaque red lesions than in other peritoneal lesions. Exogenous treatment with @entity4397 significantly suppressed the proliferation of cells derived from respective endometria and pathological lesions when compared with @entity4397 -non-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Local tissue expression of @entity23042 was detected in @entity46 , @entity1870 . In addition to a hypo-estrogenic effect, a direct anti-proliferative effect of @entity4397 may be involved in the regression of these reproductive diseases with consequent remission of clinical symptoms.

title: Cell proliferation effect of XXXX agonist on pathological lesions of @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity1870 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis and uterine myoma', 'adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['uterine myoma']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity2401 continues to be a challenging task in clinical practice. The purpose of our study was to investigate cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic workup of ambulatory @entity1 with the suspicion of @entity2401 after @entity1729 . The need for accurate diagnosis of @entity2401 arises from the low diagnostic accuracy of routine clinical tests. METHODS: We examined 67 consecutive @entity1 with symptoms of @entity425 , palpitations, and @entity1295 after @entity1729 . We compared these @entity1 to 31 controls. ECG-triggered, T2-weighted, fast-spin-echo triple inversion recovery sequences and delayed enhancement imaging were obtained in all @entity1 , as well as functional parameters of left ventricular function and dimensions. In addition, in 25 @entity1 and 10 controls, ECG-triggered, T1-weighted, multi-slice spin-echo images were obtained in axial orientation. RESULTS: We found a significant difference between @entity1 with suspected @entity2401 and controls in T2-global myocardial signal intensity. In addition, the ratio of global myocardial signal intensity/muscle signal intensity was 2.3    0.4 in @entity1 and 1.8    0.3 in controls, which was highly significant (p < 0.001). In 23 @entity1 , a pathological late enhancement pattern was seen, but only in one of the controls. There was no significant difference in T1-signal parameters. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique is able to detect early @entity296 after @entity1729 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX after @entity1729 : insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infection', 'respiratory or gastrointestinal tract viral infection']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['early myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['early myocarditis']


abstract: The @entity2339 is a central component of the body's neuroendocrine response to stress. Its major end-product @entity701 has profound effects on mood and behavior. Although it has often been suggested, it remains unknown whether differences in @entity2339 physiology are part of an individual's vulnerability to psychopathology, and constitute a causal factor in its development. In order to study the contribution of @entity2339 physiology to the development of psychopathology, we measured @entity2339 physiology in a community-cohort of 1768 10-12 year-old @entity1 . The aims of the here presented study were twofold: (1) to obtain data on @entity2339 function in a large cohort of pre- and early-adolescent @entity1 , both in @entity998 and in terms of the dynamics of @entity701 secretion (by means of the @entity701 awakening response); and (2) to study potential confounders of the @entity701 -psychopathology relationship in this age group, such as season of sampling, age, gender, pubertal development, perinatal variables and BMI. We found a wide interindividual variability in @entity2339 function. An increase in @entity701 in the first 30 min after awakening was present in 70.7% of @entity1 , but the increase appears lower in @entity1 than in adults. In addition, this study suggests that season of sampling and gender may act as potential confounders in the @entity701 -psychopathology relationship. We will follow these @entity1 longitudinally for the development of psychopathology in the period from childhood into adulthood. This period covers adolescence, which is a critical time for the appearance and development of @entity146 .

title: Determinants of salivary XXXX levels in 10-12 year old @entity1 ; a population-based study of individual differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['terms of total hormonal output']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis', 'HPA-axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: To examine the long-term predictive power of heart rate variability (HRV) on all-cause mortality in randomly selected @entity6 individuals. A total of 240 @entity6 @entity1 were randomly selected from the @entity6 population. A 24-h ECG was obtained for each @entity1 included and analysed on the Pathfinder 700. In the RR Tools Program time (SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, RMSSD, NN50, Triangular index) and frequency domain parameters (total power, VLF, LF, LFnorm, HF, HFnorm, HF/LF) were computed. After 15    years vital statistics were obtained. The analysis included 165 @entity1 with acceptable ECG recordings. 81 individuals (49%) died during follow-up. Correcting for age and gender we found that in time domain, only the SDNN index was a significant mortality predictor but in the frequency domain, all parameters were significantly associated with @entity204 . In multivariate analysis only the power in the low frequency band was an independent predictor. During the period following the first 5  years, the baseline LF continued to be a significant predictor of mortality. This long-term follow-up study indicates that the LF power is the strongest HRV predictor with regard to mortality. A reduced HRV at baseline still holds prognostic information after 5  years.

title: Long-term predictive power of heart rate variability on all-cause mortality in the XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a complex, multicellular disease involving a delicate balance between both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines which ultimately determines the disease phenotype. The simultaneous presence of multiple signaling molecules, and more specifically their relative levels, potentially influences the efficacy of directed therapies. Using the @entity1 U937 monocytic cell line, we generated a self-consistent dataset measuring 50 cytokines and 23 phosphoproteins in the presence of 6 small molecule inhibitors under 15 stimulatory conditions throughout a 24 hour time course. From this dataset, we are able to explore phosphoprotein and cytokine relationships, as well as evaluate the significance of cellular context on the ability of small molecule inhibitors to block inflammatory processes. We show that the ability of a @entity1435 inhibitor to attenuate @entity310 production is influenced by local levels of @entity2841 and @entity1356 , two cytokines known to be elevated in the joints of @entity309 @entity1 . Within the cell, compensatory mechanisms between signaling pathways are apparent, as selective @entity1435 MAPK inhibition results in the increased phosphorylation of other MAPKs (ERK and @entity4675 ) and their downstream substrates ( @entity10366 , @entity1178 , and @entity1436 ). Further, we demonstrate that @entity310 -neutralizing antibodies have secondary effects on cytokine production, impacting more than just @entity310 alone. @entity1435 MAPK inhibition using a small molecule inhibitor also blocks production of anti-inflammatory cytokines including @entity688 , @entity1193 and @entity2902 . Collectively, the impact of cell context on @entity310 production and unintended blockade of anti-inflammatory cytokines may compromise the efficacy of @entity1435 inhibitors in a clinical setting. The effort described in this work evaluates the effect of inhibitors on multiple endpoints (both intra- and extracellular), under a range of biologically relevant conditions, thus providing a unique means for differentiation of compounds and potential opportunity for improved pharmacological manipulation of disease endpoints in @entity309 .

title: Elevated @entity2841 and @entity1356 levels compromise the ability of XXXX MAPK inhibitors to modulate @entity310 levels in the @entity1 monocytic/macrophage U937 cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperleukocytosis in @entity3052 is associated with @entity3329 , @entity828 , disseminated @entity5642 , and @entity149 . @entity1 with hyperleukocytosis have lower complete remission rates and have a higher mortality rate, primarily from @entity932 . OBJECTIVES: To present the potential complications from extreme @entity491 . CASE REPORT: A 76-year-old @entity1 presented to the Emergency Department with @entity662 , right-sided weakness, and decreased responsiveness. He was diagnosed with both an @entity64 and @entity583 due to extreme @entity491 from @entity3052 . Each of these complications by itself would be an unusual manifestation of hyperleukocytosis. To the best of the author's knowledge, this represents the first reported case of these two complications simultaneously from extreme @entity491 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3052 may present with hyperleukocytosis, which may result in decreased tissue perfusion. @entity63 occurring in the heart can lead to an acute @entity583 , whereas @entity63 in the brain can lead to a @entity64 . These events may, on occasion, be the initial presentation of @entity1778 . Rapid identification and treatment of the hyperleukocytosis may prevent these complications.

title: @entity583 and @entity64 as the presenting symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reviewed the impact of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy or post-operative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy on total mesorectal excision (TME) for @entity5 that required either low anterior resection with peranal coloanal @entity254 or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). We examined surgical complications, local recurrence and survival. METHODS: Of the 1270 @entity1 who underwent radical resection for @entity5 from 1994 till 2007, 180 with @entity5 within 4 cm with either peranal coloanal @entity254 or @entity9 were analyzed. @entity1 were compared in groups that had surgery only (Group A), pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (Group B), and post-operative therapy (Group C). RESULTS: There were 115 males and the mean age was 65.43 years (range 30-89). @entity9 was performed in 134 @entity1 while 46 had a sphincter-preserving resection with peranal coloanal @entity254 . The mean follow-up period was 52.98 months (range: 0.57 to 178.9). There were 69, 58 and 53 @entity1 in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Nine @entity1 in Group B could go on to have sphincter-saving rectal resection. The overall peri-operative complication rate was 43.4% in Group A vs. 29.3% in Group B vs. 39.6% in Group C, respectively. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower in Group B (8.6.9% vs. 21.7% in Group A vs. 33.9% in Group C) p < 0.05. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for Group A was 49.3%, Group B was 69.9% and Group C was 38.8% (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Pre-operative chemoradiation in low @entity5 is not associated with a higher incidence of peri-operative complications and its benefits may include reduction local recurrence.

title: Impact of neoadjuvant treatment on total mesorectal excision for ultra-low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ultralow rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['APR', 'abdomino-perineal resection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancers']