abstract: It has been suggested that nephrotoxic effects of X-ray contrast media (CM) are exerted via renal medullary hypoperfusion and @entity519 . This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effects of CM injection on renal medullary microcirculation and @entity26 tension. Red blood cell velocity (VRBC) in the renal medullary vessels was measured by a cross-correlation technique and was found to be decreased by @entity2656 and by all CM tested except ioxaglate. The incidence of red blood cell aggregation and cessation of blood flow in the renal medullary vessels was estimated with use of a score based on visual observations. All tested CM and @entity2656 induced aggregation in the renal medullary vessels. The ionic CM ioxaglate was found to induce the least aggregation. Modified Clark @entity4095 microelectrodes with a guard cathode were constructed and adapted for tissue @entity4095 measurements. @entity4095 was measured simultaneously in the renal cortex and outer renal medulla. The @entity4095 in @entity35 with blood pressure (BP) above 80 mm @entity5332 was found to be lower in the medulla than in the cortex. In @entity35 with BP below 80 mm Hg the @entity4095 was paradoxically higher in the outer medulla than in the cortex, probably due to a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and hence in @entity1372 uptake from the tubules. After injection of all tested CM, @entity4095 in the renal cortex remained unchanged, while in the outer medulla it decreased. There was no difference in the decrease in @entity4095 between the tested CM. The decrease in outer medullary @entity4095 was prevented by injection of @entity1483 but not by injection of @entity2656 . A decrease in VRBC and @entity4095 in the renal medulla may be an underlying cause of CM-induced @entity810 .

title: Effects of contrast media on renal microcirculation and XXXX tension. An experimental study in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The influence of @entity28 on @entity260 after various surgical interventions remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of overweight and @entity28 on the occurrence of @entity260 for @entity1 undergoing elective resection for @entity189 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of 676 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment for @entity189 . Depending on their body mass index (BMI), @entity1 were grouped as follows: group I, @entity1 up to BMI 24.9 kg/m; group II @entity1 , with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m; and group III, all @entity1 with a BMI >30 kg/m. Complications were classified as minor and major with regard to severity grades (1-5). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the difference in complication rates between the different BMI groups. RESULTS: A total of 444 @entity1 were included for analysis. Overall, 300 (67.6%) of the 444 @entity1 did not develop @entity260 , 82 (18.4%) @entity1 had minor complications (grade 1 + 2), and 56 @entity1 (12.6%) had major (grade 3 + 4) complications. Six (1.4%) @entity1 died (grade 5). The Fisher exact test indicated no statistically significant difference of complication rates between the different BMI groups (P = 0.3716). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with nonobese or normal-weight @entity1 , @entity28 @entity1 do not have a statistically significant higher risk of developing @entity260 after rectal resection for @entity189 .

title: Influence of body mass index on @entity260 after rectal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13975 is an inducible cytoprotective enzyme which handles oxidative stress by generating anti-oxidant @entity648 and vasodilating @entity1223 . A ( @entity1422 )n dinucleotide repeat and a @entity56445 single nucleotide polymorphism have been reported in the promoter region of @entity13975 to both influence the occurrence of @entity453 and @entity583 . We sought to validate these observations in @entity1 scheduled for coronary angiography. METHODS: We included 3219 subjects in the current analysis, 2526 with @entity36979 including a subgroup of @entity36979 (n = 1339) and 693 controls. Coronary status was determined by coronary angiography. Risk factors and biochemical parameters ( @entity648 , @entity68 , LDL-C, HDL-C, and @entity1674 ) were determined by standard procedures. The dinucleotide repeat was analysed by PCR and subsequent sizing by capillary electrophoresis, the @entity56445 polymorphism by PCR and RFLP. RESULTS: In the LURIC study the allele frequency for the @entity56445 polymorphism is A = 0,589 and T = 0,411. The ( @entity1422 )n repeats spread between 14 and 39 repeats with 22 (19.9%) and 29 (47.1%) as the two most common alleles. We found neither an association of the genotypes or allelic frequencies with any of the biochemical parameters nor with @entity36979 or previous MI. CONCLUSION: Although an association of these polymorphisms with the appearance of @entity36979 have been published before, our results strongly argue against a relevant role of the ( @entity1422 )n repeat or the @entity56445 SNP in the @entity13975 promoter in @entity36979 or MI.

title: Genetic variants of the promoter of the XXXX gene and their influence on cardiovascular disease (the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study).

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity13975 :: (3162,Gene) :: ['heme oxygenase-1']


abstract: In @entity3881 , LytE, LytF, CwlS, and CwlO are vegetative autolysins, DL-endopeptidases in the NlpC/P60 family, and play essential roles in cell growth and separation. IseA (YoeB) is a proteinaceous inhibitor against the DL-endopeptidases, peptidoglycan hydrolases. Overexpression of IseA caused significantly long chained cell morphology, because IseA inhibits the cell separation DL-endopeptidases post-translationally. Here, we report the first three-dimensional structure of IseA, determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure includes a single domain consisting of three a-helices, one 3(10)-helix, and eight b-strands, which is a novel fold like a "hacksaw." Noteworthy is a dynamic loop between b4 and the 3(10)-helix, which resembles a "blade." The electrostatic potential distribution shows that most of the surface is positively charged, but the region around the loop is negatively charged. In contrast, the LytF active-site cleft is expected to be positively charged. NMR chemical shift perturbation of IseA interacting with LytF indicated that potential interaction sites are located around the loop. Furthermore, the IseA mutants @entity52160 / @entity52161 and @entity52162 / @entity52163 at the loop showed dramatic loss of inhibition activity against LytF, compared with wild-type IseA, indicating that the b4-3(10) loop plays an important role in inhibition. Moreover, we built a complex structure model of IseA-LytF by docking simulation, suggesting that the b4-3(10) loop of IseA gets stuck deep in the cleft of LytF, and the active site is occluded. These results suggest a novel inhibition mechanism of the hacksaw-like structure, which is different from known inhibitor proteins, through interactions around the characteristic loop regions with the active-site cleft of enzymes.

title: Solution structure of IseA, an inhibitor protein of DL-endopeptidases from XXXX , reveals a novel fold with a characteristic inhibitory loop.

entities_list: @entity52162 :: ('p|SUB|G|99|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G99P']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: @entity1087 is the most common condition of otherwise healthy, full-term newborns during the first week of life, and Chinese newborns are known to have a higher incidence and severity of @entity4837 than Caucasian newborns. This prospective study was designed to examine factors affecting the severity of @entity4837 of unknown etiology in the first week of life with special emphasis on the role of enterohepatic circulation. One hundred and thirty-six healthy, full-term newborns were enrolled in this study. Serum @entity648 levels were monitored daily in the morning for the first five days after delivery. Cord blood, postpartal maternal blood, breast milk and @entity1 ' stools were analyzed for beta-glucuronidase activity. Infants with serum peak @entity648 level less than or equal to 7 mg/dl had older gestational age, less maximal @entity353 and the @entity648 levels peaked at an earlier age than those @entity1 with peak serum @entity648 level more than 7 mg/dl. They also had lower fecal beta-glucuronidase activity in the stool collected at a mean age of 4.5 (+/- 0.6) days. Among the 136 study cases, 92 @entity1 received some maternal breast milk. There was considerable amount of beta-glucuronidase activity in the @entity1 breast milk. Yet its presence did not affect the fecal enzyme activity. Mixed breast feeding also did not influence the serum @entity648 level in the first four days of life. However, @entity1 fed dominantly with breast milk had a higher incidence of serum @entity648 level more than 10 mg/dl at five days old than @entity1 fed solely by @entity1 formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors affecting the severity of XXXX of unknown etiology: the role of enterohepatic circulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['neonatal jaundice']


abstract: @entity11552 is a rare soft-tissue @entity5 of unknown cellular origin that is characterized histologically by its organized "pseudoalveolar" pattern. The radiologic findings in 11 @entity1 with this @entity5 were reviewed. The six @entity1 and five @entity1 were 16-48 years old (mean, 27 years). Nine @entity1 had untreated @entity5 (thigh, four; forearm, two; and buttock, rectus abdominis muscle, and infratemporal fossa, one each) and two had locally recurrent masses (one each in the retroperitoneum and retrocrural space). All @entity1 were evaluated by conventional radiography, two by sonography, eight by CT, five by angiography, and three by MR. Conventional radiographs showed the soft-tissue mass in only four @entity1 ; four lesions caused destruction of adjacent bone and two had soft-tissue @entity730 . Unenhanced CT showed @entity258 in four of five @entity1 . The lesions were hypervascular on contrast-enhanced CT or angiography in each of nine @entity1 studied. Prominent draining veins were shown by CT or angiography in five @entity1 . Three lesions had a prolonged capillary stain on angiography. @entity11552 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hypervascular soft-tissue mass, particularly in the thigh of a young adult.

title: The radiologic manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-attenuation lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar soft-part sarcoma']

answer: @entity11552 :: (MESH:D018234,Disease) :: ['alveolar soft-part sarcoma']


abstract: Despite the availability of @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) for more than three decades, its rates of interaction with cellular @entity68 pools in different tissues, and the effects of its pharmacokinetics on the interaction with plasma @entity68 pools, remain incompletely understood. The positive charge of @entity10775 , together with the negative resting potential in vertebrate cells, favors cellular uptake, whereas the low lipophilicity and high molecular weight counter this effect. The findings presented suggest a facilitated uptake of @entity10775 into hepatocytes, being several hundred-fold faster than into red cells. Antibodies that selectively recognize @entity33569 (FO) show that initial hepatocellular @entity68 chelation is cytosolic, but later transposes to lysosomal and ultimately canalicular compartments. Strong FO staining is visible in myocytes within 4-8 h after commencing a subcutaneous @entity10775 infusion, indicating effective chelation of myocyte @entity68 . A methodology was developed to study the interaction of @entity10775 and its metabolites with plasma @entity68 pools by stabilizing @entity10775 with @entity3775 ions, thereby preventing @entity68 shuttling from non- @entity69 -bound @entity68 (NTBI) onto @entity10775 after plasma collection. @entity10775 removes only about a third of NTBI rapidly, and NTBI is rarely cleared completely. Increasing @entity10775 dosing does not increase NTBI removal, but instead leads to a greater rebound in NTBI on cessation of intravenous infusion. Thus, intermittent infusions of high-dose @entity10775 are less desirable than continuous infusions at low doses, particularly in high-risk @entity1 . Here the benefits of continuous @entity10775 on heart function occur before changes in T2*-visible storage @entity68 , consistent with early removal of a toxic labile @entity68 pool within myocytes.

title: Recent insights into interactions of @entity5532 with cellular and plasma XXXX pools: Implications for clinical use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity33569 :: ('MESH:C002577', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrioxamine']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1260 has important activity in @entity242 (STS), and recent data support a clinically significant dose-response relationship for this agent. Administration by continuous infusion and hematopoietic support have rendered dose intensification regimens possible by reducing both hematologic and non-hematologic @entity137 . The optimal dose and schedule of @entity1260 when given at high doses remain to be defined. In a previous phase I study, we demonstrated the feasibility of a continuous infusion (c.i.) high-dose @entity1260 (HDI) regimen in the ambulatory setting for @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . The objective of the present phase II study was to assess the antitumor activity and @entity137 of such a schedule in @entity1 with advanced pretreated STS. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with advanced and/or metastatic STS, all pretreated with an @entity4349 with or without standard-dose @entity1260 , were treated. @entity1260 was given by c.i. at a dose of 3.5 g/m2/day over four consecutive days, with equidose mesna uroprotection over five days. @entity1261 was added at a dose of 200 micrograms/m2/day subcutaneously from day 6 to day 12. Cycles were repeated every three weeks in the outpatient setting. RESULTS: A total of 159 cycles of therapy were given (median 4 per @entity1 , range 3-6). Treatment compliance was generally satisfactory. The major @entity137 was hematologic, with six febrile neutropenic episodes requiring hospitalisation and parenteral antibiotics. @entity810 occurred in one @entity1 after three cycles of therapy; @entity149 was mild. An overall response rate of 39% was observed (95% confidence interval, 26% to 55%), with one complete and 14 partial remissions. All but one of the responder @entity1 had previously received standard-dose @entity1260 . The median response duration was nine months (range 5-21+ months), and the overall median survival ranged from 6-30+ months (median 13 months). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity1260 is an active regimen in @entity4349 -pretreated STS. Future clinical trials should be aimed at evaluating the impact of different administration schedules on clinical response and outcome. The potential role of HDI as front-line chemotherapy as well as in the adjuvant treatment of STS needs to be investigated in randomized trials.

title: Phase II study of continuous-infusion high-dose XXXX in advanced and/or metastatic @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pretreated soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Crystalline botulinum toxin type A was licensed in December 1989 by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of certain spasmodic @entity121 following 10 or more years of experimental treatment on @entity1 volunteers. Botulinum toxin exerts its action on a muscle indirectly by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter @entity934 at the nerve ending, resulting in reduced muscle activity or @entity912 . The injection of only nanogram quantities (1 ng = 30 @entity19 50% lethal doses [U]) of the toxin into a spastic muscle is required to bring about the desired muscle control. The type A toxin produced in anaerobic culture and purified in crystalline form has a specific @entity137 in @entity19 of 3 x 10(7) U/mg. The crystalline toxin is a high-molecular-weight protein of 900,000 Mr and is composed of two molecules of neurotoxin (ca. 150,000 Mr) noncovalently bound to nontoxic proteins that play an important role in the stability of the toxic unit and its effective @entity137 . Because the toxin is administered by injection directly into neuromuscular tissue, the methods of culturing and purification are vital. Its chemical, physical, and biological properties as applied to its use in medicine are described. Dilution and drying of the toxin for dispensing causes some detoxification, and the @entity19 assay is the only means of evaluation for @entity1 treatment. Other microbial @entity2359 may have uses in medicine; these include serotypes of botulinum toxins and @entity116 toxin. Certain @entity2359 produced by dinoflagellates, including @entity34138 and @entity1022 , cause @entity4589 through their effect on the action potential at the voltage-gated @entity1372 channel. @entity34138 used with anaesthetics lengthens the effect of the anaesthetic and may enhance the effectiveness of other medical drugs. Combining toxins with drugs could increase their effectiveness in treatment of @entity1 disease.

title: Properties and use of botulinum toxin and other microbial XXXX in medicine.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity34138 :: ('MESH:D012530', 'Chemical') :: ['saxitoxin', 'Saxitoxin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxins']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxins']


abstract: The structure of high-affinity receptors for type beta-transforming growth factor (beta TGF) has been examined by affinity labeling with 125I-beta TGF and @entity17672 . The major receptor component labeled by 125I-beta TGF in @entity19 , @entity35 , and @entity1573 fibroblasts migrated as a 280-290-kilodalton species on @entity31092 - @entity2975 electrophoresis gels in the presence of reductant, @entity3902 . A larger (330-kilodalton) species was labeled in @entity1 fibroblasts, but comparative peptide mapping indicated a close structural relationship with receptors from @entity19 fibroblasts. In the absence of reductant, the affinity-labeled beta TGF receptor migrated in the gels as a larger @entity1520 -linked complex. The molecular mass calculated from the hydrodynamic properties of native nonreduced beta TGF receptors was 565 ( @entity19 ) or 615 kilodaltons ( @entity1 ). Other molecular parameters for the beta TGF receptor were: Stokes radius, 8.3-8.5 nm; sedimentation coefficient, 12.7-13.0 S; and frictional ratio, f/f0 = 1.4. The beta TGF receptor was solubilized under conditions in which the structural and ligand-binding properties of the native state were retained. beta TGF receptors solubilized from @entity1 , @entity19 , and @entity1573 cells interacted specifically with immobilized @entity3505 germ agglutinin. These data suggest that the high affinity receptor for beta TGF in @entity1 , rodent, and avian fibroblasts is a @entity1520 -linked glycosylated 565-615-kilodalton complex with a 280-330-kilodalton subunit that contains the ligand-binding site. The oligomeric structure of the beta TGF receptor does not appear to be induced by receptor occupancy with the ligand.

title: Subunit structure of a high-affinity receptor for type beta-transforming growth factor. Evidence for a XXXX -linked glycosylated receptor complex.

entities_list: @entity17672 :: ('MESH:C019358', 'Chemical') :: ['disuccinimidyl suberate']

entities_list: @entity31092 :: ('MESH:C028913', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) is a self-limiting infectious disease characterised with @entity3329 in a @entity1 with a history of cat contact. Cases of bone involvement in @entity1 with @entity11102 are rare. We reported a case of 11-year-old @entity1 with prolonged intermittent fever, @entity3329 and @entity4034 . He had a history of exposure to kittens. The physical examination revealed a febrile @entity1 without an apparent site of @entity281 except an enlarged @entity1600 . Its histopathology demonstrated @entity75 with no presence of acid-fast bacilli. Serum titers for @entity2711 were positive. @entity79 were detected by skeletal scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed and characterised osteolytic masses. The oral combination of @entity4580 and @entity1215 were given for 6 weeks with a good clinical response. At follow-up, the @entity1 was without symptoms or signs of the disease. Successive MRI controls showed gradual regression of the @entity79 together with significant decrease of acute-phase reactants. In conclusion, @entity11102 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity4034 . MRI is more reliable for the characterisation, evaluation of soft-tissue extension and follow-up of the @entity79 than scintigraphy. However, the later method permits an overview of the @entity75 . Therefore, standard MRI equipment may not exclude @entity79 . Both methods are required until whole-body MRI units become routine.

title: Role of magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of XXXX in @entity11102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy', 'inguinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesion', 'multiple osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymph node']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple bone lesions', 'bone lesions', 'bone scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'Cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1320 enrolled in prospective randomized trials (PRTs) with those of a cohort of @entity1 not enrolled in a trial. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Prospective randomized trials are the gold standard for the evaluation of new treatments. @entity1 are screened using rigorous eligibility criteria and sometimes are excluded from PRTs because of associated medical conditions or more severe @entity221 . However, the effect that the exclusion of these @entity1 has on the applicability of clinical trial outcomes has not been defined. METHODS: One hundred sixty-eight adults with @entity1320 were treated at a single institution during 7 years. Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled in four PRTs comparing various antibiotic regimens for treatment; 115 were not enrolled. @entity1 characteristics and outcomes of these two groups were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity281 from @entity698 (n = 68) had a low severity of @entity221 and similar outcomes in both groups. These @entity1 and those for whom a concurrent PRT was unavailable were excluded from subsequent analysis. Eighty-eight @entity1 (42 PRT, 46 not enrolled) with serious infection remained for analysis. @entity1 enrolled in PRTs were younger, had less severe @entity221 , had a decreased length of stay, a lower incidence of antibiotic resistance, and less frequent extraabdominal @entity281 than those not enrolled in a trial. @entity1 enrolled in PRTs were more likely to be cured and were less likely to die. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that cure was associated with a lower initial severity of @entity221 , absence of antibiotic resistance, and participation in a PRT. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1320 enrolled in PRTs have an increased likelihood of cure and survival. This is due in part to a lower incidence of antibiotic resistance, which may reflect improved drug selection. @entity1 not enrolled in PRTs are at greater risk for treatment failure and death because of concomitant @entity221 . Outcomes from PRTs may not be applicable to all @entity1 with @entity1320 .

title: Prospective randomized trials affect the outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections', 'intraabdominal infection']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal infection']


abstract: Coal @entity238 ashes ( @entity3795 ) are complex particles of a variable composition, which is mainly dependent on the combustion process, the source of coal and the precipitation technique. Toxic constituents in these particles are considered to be metals, @entity2555 and @entity3440 . The purpose of this review was to study the in vitro and in vivo data on coal @entity238 ash and relate the studied endpoints to the role of (crystalline) @entity3440 , considering its recent classification as a @entity1 carcinogen. For most of the effects coal mine dust was chosen as a reference, since it contains up to 10% of crystalline @entity3440 (alpha-quartz) and is well studied both in vivo and in vitro. Most studies on @entity238 ash @entity137 were not designed to elucidate the effect of its @entity3440 -content nor did they include coal mine dust as a reference. Taking this into account, both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies show lower @entity137 , inflammatory potential and fibrogenicity of @entity3795 compared to @entity3440 and coal mine dust. Although in vitro and in vivo studies suggest genotoxic effects of @entity238 ash, the data are limited and do not clarify the role of @entity3440 . Epidemiological studies in @entity238 ash exposed working populations have found no evidence for effects commonly seen in coal workers ( @entity3673 , @entity2415 ) with the exception of @entity1224 at high exposure. In conclusion, the available data suggest that the hazard of @entity56611 @entity238 ash is not to be assessed by merely adding the hazards of individual components. A closer investigation of 'matrix' effects on @entity3440 's @entity137 in general seems an obligatory step in future risk assessment on @entity238 ashes and other particles that incorporate @entity3440 as a component.

title: XXXX and occupational health hazards of coal @entity238 ash ( @entity3795 ). A review of data and comparison to coal mine dust.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Thirty-five joint synovectomies performed between 1973 and 1986 in 26 @entity1 with @entity2720 at the Department of orthopaedics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC), USA, were reviewed. There were 15 knees, 15 elbows, 3 ankles and 2 shoulders. Arthroscopic synovectomy was performed on 8 knees. The remaining 27 synovectomies were performed by open surgical synovectomy. Twenty-one (60%) of the 35 joints have had no recurrent @entity5631 reported, in 14 (40%) there were occasional episodes of @entity548 . Among 9 (60%) of the 15 knees and 9 (60%) of the 15 elbows, no further @entity5631 was observed; 6 (40%) of the knees and 6 (40%) of the elbows reported occasional @entity548 episodes. After synovectomy the range of motion improved in 6 (17.2%), 11 (31.4%) remained unchanged and 18 (51.4%) demonstrated decrease. Five joints lost 5 to 10 degrees, 4 joints lost 10 to 20 degrees and 9 joints lost more than 20 degrees. In the group of arthroscopic knee synovectomy the average of motion loss was 20 degrees while in the open surgical knee synovectomy the average motion loss was 38 degrees. After synovectomy the possibility of recurrent @entity5631 would be 50% and three years later it would be decreased to 31.6%. This review demonstrated that synovectomy was an effective treatment and the decreased degree of the motion after arthroscopy was less than that of open surgery.

title: [Evaluation of synovectomy in XXXX follow-up of 26 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis and evaluation of @entity5 @entity1 , requiring surgeons to look through multiple planar images to comprehend the @entity5 and surrounding tissues. We hypothesized that experienced surgeons would consistently evaluate three-dimensional (3D) presentation of CT images overlaid with PET images when preparing for a procedure. We recruited six Jefferson surgeons to evaluate the accuracy, usefulness, and applicability of 3D renderings of the organs surrounding a malignant pancreas prior to surgery. PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT abdominal scans of a @entity1 with a ductal pancreatic mass were segmented into 3D surface renderings, followed by co-registration. Version A used only the PET/CT image, while version B used the contrast-enhanced CT scans co-registered with the PET images. The six surgeons answered 15 questions covering a) the ease of use and accuracy of models, b) how these models, with/without PET, changed their understanding of the @entity5 , and c) what are the best applications of the 3D visualization, on a scale of 1 to 5. The six evaluations revealed a statistically significant improvement from version A (score 3.6  0.5) to version B (score 4.4  0.4). A paired-samples t-test yielded t(14)=-8.964, p<0.001. Across the surgeon cohort, contrast-enhanced CT fused with PET provided a more lifelike presentation than standard CT, increasing the usefulness of the presentation. The experienced surgeons consistently reported positive reactions to 3D surface renderings of fused PET and contrast-enhanced CT scans of a @entity788 and surrounding organs. Thus, the 3D presentation could be a useful preparative tool for surgeons prior to making the first incision. This result supports proceeding to a larger surgeon cohort, viewing prospective 3D images from multiple types of @entity5 .

title: Consistent surgeon evaluations of three-dimensional rendering of PET/CT scans of the abdomen of a XXXX with a ductal pancreatic mass.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Though the high immunosuppressive efficacy of @entity205 has revolutionized clinical transplantation, @entity99 limit its therapeutic potential. One approach to this problem is to combine CsA therapy with immunosuppressive agents that act synergistically with it, thereby permitting lower doses and mitigating drug-induced @entity137 . The present study examines the in vitro interactions of various immunosuppressive agents--namely, @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ), @entity619 (Dexa), @entity1140 , and Enisoprost (EP)--with CsA. These investigations dissect the impact of the drug combinations in inhibiting @entity665 incorporation into DNA by normal @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes activated by mitogens or by alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture responses. The median-effect equation was used to analyze the dose-effect relationships of immunosuppressive drugs either alone or in combination. The interactions were quantified by calculation of combination indices (CI). CI values less than 1, greater than 1, and equal to 1 represent synergistic, antagonistic, and additive interactions, respectively. In combination with CsA, @entity7275 showed modest and Dexa profound synergism, while EP displayed modest and @entity1140 marked antagonism. These findings confirm the clinical impression of in vivo synergism between CsA and Dexa. They suggest that in vitro analysis of drug interactions may distinguish synergistic drug combinations potentially applicable to clinical practice.

title: Analysis of the interactions of immunosuppressive drugs with XXXX in inhibiting DNA proliferation.

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['renal, hepatic, and neural toxicities']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Several phorid @entity238 species were introduced to the southern United States for biological control of the invasive imported fire ants, @entity39874 (Black), @entity15173 (Red), and their Hybrid @entity39874 @entity15173 (Hybrid). It has been previously reported that the Jaguariuna biotype of Pseudacteon tricuspis and the Formosan biotype of Pseudacteon curvatus could distinguish among the three fire ant species with greater preference for Hybrid and @entity15173 . We hypothesized that phorid flies might use host derived chemical cues to differentiate ant species. To determine possible differential olfactory sensitivity of phorid @entity238 species to different fire ant species, we compared electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of both sexes of P. tricuspis and P. curvatus to body extracts of Black, Red and Hybrid fire ants. As worker sizes of Black and Hybrid fire ants used in this study were much larger than that of @entity15173 (the average weight for Black, Red and Hybrid workers was 1.707, 0.863, 1.223mg per ants, respectively), at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1 worker equivalent, body extracts of Black and Hybrid fire ant elicited significantly greater EAG response in both sexes of P. tricuspis than that of @entity15173 . Similarly, the EAG response in female P. curvatus to body extract of @entity39874 was significantly greater than to body extract of @entity15173 . To eliminate worker size influence on EAG response in phorid flies, we conducted a second EAG study using a dose of 1mg ant equivalent (body extract from 1mg of worker). No difference in EAG responses was recorded to body extract obtained from the same amount of workers among the three fire ant species (we consider viable Hybrid fire ant as a species in this paper), suggesting that worker size differences contributed to difference in EAG response in the first EAG study. In both EAG studies, male P. tricuspis showed significantly greater EAG responses than male P. curvatus to all three fire ant species. In four-way olfactometer bioassay, worker body extracts of all three fire ant species were equally attractive to P. tricuspis and P. curvatus (i.e. both phorid @entity238 species did not show any preferences among the three fire ant species). Together, the results of the EAG and behavior studies suggest that parasitic phorid flies utilize host derived non-polar compounds from worker ants extracted out by @entity4315 for host location but not for host preference, since both @entity238 species are not able to distinguish among the body extracts of the three fire ant species. Future study will investigate possible involvement of polar compounds and/or non-chemical cues in mediating host preference by phorid flies.

title: Comparing electroantennogram and behavioral responses of two Pseudacteon phorid @entity238 species to body extracts of Black, Red and Hybrid imported fire ants, XXXX spp.

entities_list: @entity15173 :: ('13686', 'Species') :: ['S. invicta', 'Red fire ant', 'Solenopsis invicta', 'Red fire ants']

entities_list: @entity39874 :: ('30203', 'Species') :: ['S. richteri', 'Black fire ant', 'Solenopsis richteri']

answer: @entity39874 :: (30203,Species) :: ['Solenopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if epimacular brachytherapy is associated with reduced retinal sensitivity or choroidal nonperfusion. METHODS: A prospective intervention case series of 12 @entity1 with neovascular age-related @entity1020 requiring frequent ranibizumab underwent vitrectomy and epimacular brachytherapy. The @entity9756 90/Yttrium 90 source delivered a single 24-Gy dose at the center of the treatment zone. The dose attenuated with increasing distance from the source. Microperimetry and @entity3194 angiography were performed at baseline and 12 months. The main outcome measures were mean sensitivity and choroidal nonperfusion. A linear mixed model was used to assess the association between the dose of radiation and the change in mean sensitivity. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity remained within 1 letter of baseline at 12 months (-0.33    13.2 letters). There was no statistically significant change in mean sensitivity within the neovascular age-related @entity1020 lesion area (gain of 0.94    3.25 dB; P = 0.339) or in neighboring unaffected retina (0.66    4.14 dB; P = 0.594), defined using fluorescein angiography. Within the lesion area, mean sensitivity improved by an average of 0.23    0.16 dB (P = 0.006) for every additional gray of radiation received. @entity3194 angiography failed to demonstrate any choroidal nonperfusion or radiation damage at 12 months after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Stable retinal sensitivity in areas not manifestly affected by neovascular age-related @entity1020 suggests that epimacular brachytherapy does not damage retinal function. The presence of a dose response suggests that the positive effect of epimacular brachytherapy relates more to beta irradiation than vitrectomy.

title: Safety testing of epimacular brachytherapy with microperimetry and XXXX angiography: 12-month results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green', 'Indocyanine green']

answer: @entity3194 :: (MESH:D007208,Chemical) :: ['indocyanine green']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness, safety, and stability of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), a modified photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) technique, with those of conventional PRK for low to moderate @entity1714 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University School of @entity2837 , Seoul, Korea. METHODS: In this prospective study, 27 @entity1 with a manifest refraction of -3.00 to -6.50 diopters were treated and followed for 3 months. In each case, PRK was performed in 1 eye and LASEK in the other eye. The first eye treated and the surgical method used in the first eye were randomized. @entity282 , epithelial healing time, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, corneal haze, and surgical preference were examined in PRK- and LASEK-treated eyes. RESULTS: During the 3 month follow-up, there were no significant between-eye differences in epithelial healing time, UCVA, or @entity2516 . However, LASEK-treated eyes had lower @entity282 scores (P =.047) and corneal haze scores (1 month; P =.02) than PRK-treated eyes. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) preferred the LASEK procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Laser epithelial keratomileusis safely and effectively treated eyes with low to moderate @entity1714 . It reduced the incidence of significant @entity282 and corneal haze and may prevent the flap- and interface-related problems of laser in situ keratomileusis.

title: Comparison of laser epithelial keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for low to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity2837 :: ('CHEBI:23888', 'Chemical') :: ['Medicine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Australian/Canadian (AUSCAN) @entity571 Hand Index is a self-report assessment of @entity158 , stiffness, and function in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Small studies have confirmed the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of this measure, but the factor structure has not been examined. In this study, we examined the clinimetric properties and clinical relevance of the AUSCAN index in a large sample of @entity1 with @entity571 . METHODS: The study group comprised 700 @entity1 (80% female, mean age 69 years) who were part of a study on the genetics of generalized @entity571 . All @entity1 had radiographic hand @entity571 bilaterally. The analyses examined internal consistency, factor structure, and relationships of the subscales to grip and pinch strength and a single-item @entity158 measure. RESULTS: Internal consistency was high for the total AUSCAN index and the subscales (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93-0.96). The AUSCAN function subscale had the strongest correlation with grip and pinch strength, and the @entity158 subscale had the strongest correlation with the single-item @entity158 measure, thus supporting the construct validity of these subscales. Factor analysis showed that all @entity158 and function items clearly loaded on the subscale they were intended to measure. Each 1-unit increase in the AUSCAN function subscale was associated with a clinically relevant decrease in hand strength. CONCLUSION: The results of this study strongly confirm the clinimetric properties of the AUSCAN index, including the validity of specific subscales. Results indicate that the AUSCAN index can measure meaningful changes in @entity158 , stiffness, and function.

title: Validity, factor structure, and clinical relevance of the AUSCAN XXXX Hand Index.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['hand osteoarthritis', 'familial hand OA', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: One of the most important reasons for @entity717 and disability in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is @entity425 in the lower extremity. The aim of this study was to compare the isokinetic knee muscle strength of @entity1 with early knee @entity571 with those of healthy @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with bilateral @entity626 who were radiologically graded as stage I or II and forty-three healthy subjects were enrolled. Western Ontario and @entity571 Index and 100 mm VAS were used to assess @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Manual muscle strength testing for quadriceps muscle and circumference measurements 10 cm above the midpatellar line were performed. Bilateral isokinetic (concentric/concentric) knee flexion and extension with the protocol of 60 degrees/sec (four repetitions), 180 degrees/sec (four repetitions) and 240 degrees/ @entity27207 repetitions) were performed. RESULTS: Regarding manual muscle testing of knee @entity571 group, quadriceps muscle strength in six knees were 4/5 and in 96 knees were 5/5; whereas in the control group only two knees had 4/5 and the rest 84 knees had 5/5 muscle strengths (p=0.22). Thigh circumference measurements were statistically similar in this regard (all p values > 0.05). In all velocities knee flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle strength values were found to be significantly lower in @entity1 with knee @entity571 compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). @entity1 with stage I @entity571 had greater muscle strength than those of stage II (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Whether being a cause or a consequence of knee @entity571 , muscle strength loss which cannot be detected during clinical examination appears to be present during isokinetic measurements.

title: Isokinetic strength measurements in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor dysfunction']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Certainly no major conclusions or generalizations can be made from a pilot study of this size. However, as is the nature of pilot studies, needed modifications in methodology have been discovered. Also, it is obvious that rapport development may be evaluated with the MISS, and the use of a camera has proven to be a worthwhile assessment and intervention tool. The results of this pilot study would certainly warrant continuation with a larger study. Rapport development has not been studied in @entity6 . Perhaps rapport may be at risk because of the lengthy provider- @entity1 relationship and the need for repeated physician reinforcement of required medical regimens and some associated life-style changes. In this study, rapport appeared to increase slightly in the experimental (camera) group and decrease in the control (non-camera) group. From the @entity1 ' perspective, use of photography communicates that the health care provider cares about them as individuals, is interested in their life-styles, and is seeking methods to best integrate the treatment regimen into their individual life patterns. However, rapport development may deteriorate over time with individuals who have a @entity102 (as indicated by some decrease in pretest/posttest mean differences in both groups), thus emphasizing the responsibility of health care providers to actively work to preserve rapport. The camera may be one method to accomplish this goal. When treating an individual with a @entity102 , health care providers tend to view the @entity1 and problem as one entity rather than as two separate components. The camera may help to enhance this separation and promote understanding of the individual by means of rapport development.

title: Photography as a tool in assessment and rapport development in clients with XXXX : research brief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We evaluated urodynamically 41 @entity1 with @entity340 because of signs or symptoms of @entity322 (35), frequency (3), @entity3041 (2) and infection (1). Findings included normal urodynamic evaluations in 3 @entity1 , 2 had high voiding pressures secondary to outlet resistance and 1 had @entity322 on the basis of external urethral sphincter damage. In the remainder 3 patterns of @entity1494 were identified. Myogenic failure with overflow @entity322 occurred in 14 @entity1 . In this group clean intermittent catheterization or Valsalva's voiding was used for emptying. @entity1494 were seen in 10 @entity1 . Pharmacological suppression of instability was effective in 5 of 7 @entity1 treated; 1 required @entity1494 . Eleven @entity1 had a small capacity bladder and poor compliance. Post-void residuals were low and these bladders were generally but not always stable. Pharmacological bladder relaxation was successful in 3 @entity1 , 3 underwent augmentation, 1 did well with alpha-agonists and followup is unavailable on the other 4. These 3 patterns of @entity1494 represent an overlapping constellation of residual @entity854 due to previous @entity1876 . Individual @entity1 may show facets of several types of dysfunction associated with 1 predominant pattern.

title: The urodynamic consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction', 'bladder augmentation', 'Hyperreflexic bladders']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['urodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of cough and severe exertional @entity1353 . Her pulmonary function was remarkably decline, especially forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 410 ml (28.7%). A chest X-ray film showed an abnormal shadow in the right tracheobronchial portion. Chest CT and MRI scans showed a 38 x 46 mm round @entity5 in the carina involving the lower @entity825 and right main bronchus. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a @entity5 which obstructed the orfice of the right main bronchus. Pathological examination of tissue obtained by open excisional biopsy revealed a benign @entity808 . Then we performed a @entity5 extirpation with tracheal partial resection and the defect of tracheobronchial wall was repaired by direct suture. Postoperative course was uneventful and her pulmonary function was improved. The @entity808 are rare. In this report we discuss the therapeutic management of a @entity808 of the @entity825 on the basis of 12 domestic cases reviewed.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial neurilemomas', 'neurilemoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['tracheal neurilemoma']


abstract: Considerable evidence is available suggesting a significant genetic component in the pathogenesis of @entity565 , but the mechanism of inheritance is not well understood. The main objective of this study was to assess if total serum @entity9416 level, a known intermediate phenotype for @entity565 , is under the control of a major autosomal gene. We studied nuclear families participating in the Tucson @entity1 's Respiratory Study in Tucson and originally selected because they belonged to a health maintenance organization. One hundred twenty-five Hispanic and 673 non-Hispanic White nuclear families were eligible; 50 Hispanic families (with 191 subjects) and 241 non-Hispanic White families (with 886 subjects) were included. Prevalence of @entity565 , hay @entity221 , and parental smoking was similar among eligible families who were included and those who were not. Segregation analyses using regressive models for continuous traits showed that the best fit to the data was given by a model of Mendelian codominant inheritance of a major autosomal gene associated with higher serum @entity9416 level. Log-likelihood for this model was not significantly different from that of the best-fitting ("unrestricted") model (P = .3) and was significantly better than log-likelihood for a dominant model (P < .0001) and a recessive model (P < .0001). An environmental model showed significant departure (P < .0001) from the unrestricted model. Tests for genetic heterogeneity showed no significant difference between the two ethnic groups. The data strongly suggest that total serum @entity9416 levels are controlled by a major autosomal codominant gene.

title: Evidence for Mendelian inheritance of serum XXXX levels in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

answer: @entity9416 :: (3497,Gene) :: ['IgE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 to their regional lymph nodes have a poor prognosis despite lymphadenectomy. In an attempt to improve their survival, this feasibility study was undertaken. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity320 @entity1 , who presented with enlarged regional lymph nodes, underwent therapeutic lymphadenectomy. They were found to have N2 nodal disease, with no evidence of distant metastases, i.e., advanced @entity5 . One month after the lymphadenectomy, each @entity1 received five @entity5 vaccines. Each vaccine consisted of 20 x 10(6) irradiated @entity5 cells (20,000 cGy) injected intradermally. The first two vaccines contained BCG and were given 1 week apart. The other three vaccines consisted of irradiated @entity5 cells only without BCG, administered over 2-, 4-, and 8- week intervals, respectively. @entity786 was administered intravenously as 300 mgm/m2 3 days prior to vaccines 1, 4, and 5 to reduce the population of T-suppressor cells. The @entity1 were observed with no additional therapy. Three @entity1 developed recurrences and these site were resected, and the @entity1 were revaccinated in the same fashion utilizing the new @entity5 cells. RESULTS: After a follow-up of 4-6 years, 15 @entity1 (including 3 who were revaccinated) of the initial 22 @entity1 (68.2%) are alive free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant immunotherapy with irradiated @entity320 cells and low dose @entity786 seemed to yield better relapse-free survival than the historically reported 10-25%.

title: Adjuvant immunotherapy in @entity320 with irradiated XXXX cells and low dose @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'Stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'autologous melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['autologous tumor']


abstract: The influence of @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) and @entity60 on the restoration of impaired @entity637 release in @entity558 -desensitized @entity19 or their refractory macrophages was investigated. @entity19 pretreated with @entity2304 or @entity60 (50 microg/kg i.v.) and injected with 3 mg/kg @entity558 i.p. displayed increased plasma @entity637 levels compared with @entity558 controls. @entity1618 was marginally up-regulated by @entity2304 but abrogated by @entity60 pretreatment. @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 (30 microg/kg @entity558 i.p., -24 h) showed an attenuated plasma @entity637 and @entity1618 response to @entity558 and survived @entity558 . Pretreatment of such @entity19 with @entity2304 or @entity60 restored the previously impaired @entity637 response. In cultures of @entity19 monocyte/macrophage-containing cell populations, i.e., alveolar, peritoneal, spleen, bone marrow cells, or blood, the presence of @entity2304 or @entity60 (10 ng/ml) resulted in an enhanced release of @entity637 initiated by 1 microg/ml @entity558 . Cells from @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 showed a diminished responsiveness to @entity558 . However, when exposed to @entity2304 or @entity60 ex vivo, their @entity637 response to @entity558 was partially restored. These findings characterize @entity2304 and @entity60 as potent enhancers of @entity558 -induced @entity637 production in normal as well as in experimentally immunocompromised @entity19 and provide the rationale for further experiments to explore the pharmacologic use of these cytokines for restoration of immunocompetence in @entity295 -associated immunosuppression.

title: XXXX restore the systemic @entity637 response to endotoxin in lipopolysaccharide-desensitized @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'LPS shock']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IFN-gamma']


abstract: The social and psychological impact of @entity1282 has not been routinely reported in large studies. We sought to determine the effects of @entity1282 on broad measures of the quality of life of @entity1 and to explore the relationship between the @entity1032 and the frequency of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 360 @entity1 selected on the basis of known subjective @entity1282 complaints, regardless of origin, in nursing homes and clinics in Germany, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom were interviewed using an established questionnaire. Qualitative interviews with a total of 28 health professionals were conducted to improve understanding of the @entity1 data in the context of each country. Over 50% of @entity1 claimed that they were "eating less" with 44% reporting weight loss during the preceding 12 months. Thirty-six percent of @entity1 acknowledged receiving a confirmed diagnosis of @entity1282 ; only 32% acknowledged receiving professional treatment for it. Most @entity1 with @entity1282 believe their condition to be untreatable; only 39% of the sufferers believed that their swallowing difficulties could be treated. Eighty-four percent of @entity1 felt that eating should be an enjoyable experience but only 45% actually found it so. Moreover, 41% of @entity1 stated that they experienced @entity148 or @entity4697 during mealtimes. Over one-third (36%) of @entity1 reported that they avoided eating with others because of their @entity1282 . In a largely elderly population that might accept @entity1282 as an untreatable part of the aging process, clinicians need to be aware of the adverse effects of @entity1282 on self-esteem, socialization, and enjoyment of life. Careful questioning should assess the impact of the condition on each @entity1 's life, and @entity1 should be educated on their choices for treatment in the context of any coexisting illness. Awareness of the condition, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options must be increased in society and among the medical profession.

title: Social and psychological burden of XXXX : its impact on diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['psychological handicaps of the condition']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively study @entity1 presenting with sight-threatening @entity3283 with a view to identify the predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical signs and treatment outcomes. METHODS: Prospectively, over 3-year period, all cases with serious infective @entity1036 presenting to Queens Medical Hospital in Nottingham, UK, were recruited. Detailed information on the aetiology, culture results, signs _ symptoms, the treatment given and the @entity1 's response was collected and statistically analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-three eyes of 129 @entity1 were enrolled. Thirty-one @entity1 were managed as out- @entity1 , and 98 were treated as in- @entity1 . The mean duration of admission was 9    13 days but was significantly higher in older @entity1 and in Acanthamoeba @entity1036 cases. The important risk factors were @entity2194 (32%), contact lens wear (26%) and previous ocular surgery (20%). Old age, deep infiltration, @entity134 use and poor initial vision were risk factors for prolonged course of treatment in @entity1036 . Corneal scrapings were done in 89% of the cases, but positive results were obtained only in 41.7%. @entity794 was the most common isolated bacteria (18.8%). Acanthamoeba and @entity796 were the second and third common causative organisms (16.6% and 15%, respectively). Overall, 8.3% needed corneal grafting, which survived in 83.3% and @entity281 in 100%. CONCLUSION: Microbial @entity1036 is an important cause of ocular morbidity. Previous @entity2194 is an important predisposing factor. Old age, @entity134 use and poor presenting visual acuity are important prognostic indicators. Corneal grafting is an effective option for managing recalcitrant @entity281 .

title: Profile of sight-threatening XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease', 'ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infections', 'eradicated infection']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['infectious keratitis']


abstract: Single lung transplantation now is a therapeutic option for some @entity1 with @entity454 . Cyclosporine immunosuppression and refinements in bronchial @entity254 have been responsible for recent successes. Since 1953, the usual @entity358 , both in experimental animals and in @entity1 , has been an atrium-to-atrium connection. This technique may limit the availability of usable donor lungs, since the donor heart, along with the atrium, is usually harvested for another recipient. Although techniques can be developed to allow both transplant teams to harvest atrial tissue, this study was undertaken to determine if, in fact, @entity254 with donor left atrium is necessary. Twenty-four @entity235 were anesthetized and a left thoracotomy performed. After heparinization (3 mg/kg), the pulmonary artery and left atrium were occluded. One of four different @entity358 was performed at 3.5x magnification: superior pulmonary vein end to end (group I), inferior pulmonary vein end to end (group II), superior pulmonary vein implantation into left atrium (group III), and left atrium-to-left atrium @entity254 as control (group IV). Everting mattress sutures of 7-0 @entity7502 were used in groups I, II, and III and 6-0 in group IV. Average crossclamp time for group I, group II, and group IV was 20 minutes. The average crossclamp time for group III was 10 minutes. All anastomoses were patent at the time of 1-week reevaluation. Gross and microscopic examination demonstrated establishment of an intimal lining; organized nonocclusive thrombus was present in only one @entity254 . We conclude that atrium-to-atrium @entity254 is not necessary for a successful single lung transplantation, and that transplantation of a single lobe is feasible. The best alternative is implantation of the pulmonary vein into the left atrium, which will easily allow use of the heart and both lungs from a single donor to different recipients. We have used this @entity254 in one @entity1 without difficulty.

title: XXXX in lung transplantation without donor left atrium. Experimental and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous anastomoses', 'pulmonary venous anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage lung disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary venous anastomosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is distributed worldwide. In Argentina, more than 450 cases of @entity1381 , mostly sporadic, are reported annually. The main serotype isolated is O157:H7, and among non-O157 STEC, O145:NM is the most frequent strain. We studied the relationship of companion animals living in contact with a @entity1 with sporadic @entity1381 , as carriers of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) strains. METHODOLOGY: Duplicate rectal swab samples were taken weekly from the household cat and @entity235 at the home of a @entity1 with @entity1381 . Samples were plated on MacConkey and @entity5121 MacConkey-CT agar. Confluent growth from each plate was screened for the presence of @entity10952 , @entity23345 and rfbO157 gene by PCR assays. Up to 300 individual colonies taken from positive plates at screening were retested by PCR. RESULTS: The strain from the cat belonged to the highly virulent serotype O145:NM. Although this strain differed antigenically from the strain isolated from a @entity1 with @entity1381 living in the same house, both carried the @entity23345 , eae and ehxA virulence genes. The strain isolated from the @entity235 belonged to the serotype O178:H19. CONCLUSIONS: An asymptomatic household cat may harbour the high virulent STEC strain, such as O145:NM, the second most frequently STEC serotype associated with @entity1381 in Argentina. Companion animals are probably exposed to the same sources as the @entity1 . More studies are needed to establish @entity235 and @entity468 as sources of infection in the epidemiological cycle of infections caused by STEC strains, and to develop effective control strategies for this pathogen.

title: First isolation in Argentina of a highly virulent Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O145:NM from a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['HUS', 'Hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['domestic cat']


abstract: We previously demonstrated that membrane vesicles shed by the F10 variant of the @entity19 B16 @entity320 cell line inhibited the induction by @entity60 (IFN) of @entity19 macrophage immune response region-associated (Ia) antigen expression. In this paper we present evidence that the inhibition of macrophage Ia antigen expression is a selective effect of vesicles and characterize its temporal requirements. Membrane vesicles shed from F10 cells did not affect the expression of macrophage H-2K or H-2D antigens under conditions shown to profoundly inhibit Ia antigen expression. Similarly, the induction of plasminogen activator and interleukin 1 from macrophages was not inhibited by the vesicles. The vesicles did not measurably decrease total cellular RNA or protein synthesis. Macrophages were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the vesicles during the induction and maintenance phases of Ia expression. Pretreatment of macrophages with vesicles before culture with IFN did not reduce the induction of Ia. The rate of decline of Ia expression after removal of IFN was unaffected by the presence of vesicles. Removal of vesicles from cultures of IFN-treated macrophages resulted in only a partial recovery of Ia expression, suggesting that the inhibition of Ia expression may be a slowly reversible process. The selective and partially reversible inhibition of Ia expression by vesicles shed from the plasma membrane of @entity5 cells is a possible mechanism whereby @entity5 -bearing hosts may become immunocompromised.

title: Membrane vesicles shed by @entity19 XXXX cells selectively inhibit the expression of Ia antigen by macrophages.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: HDT/ASCT is standard for relapsed and refractory DLCL @entity1 responding to second-line chemotherapy. We incorporated a thrombopoietic agent into the ICE chemotherapy program to potentially: decrease platelet associated @entity137 , augment stem cell collection and maintain dose intensity. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial examines @entity44510 versus placebo with ICE chemotherapy. Phase I compared three cohorts and defined a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Phase II evaluated the @entity922 versus placebo. Outcome measures included safety, hematological end-points, stem cell collection and the impact of dose-intensity on outcome. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 with primary refractory (16) or relapsed DLCL (25) were treated; Response rates for evaluable @entity1 are: 75% (12/16) for placebo and 82% (18/22) for @entity970 -rHuMGDF. @entity970 -rHuMGDF treated @entity1 had significantly less grade IV @entity882 , higher median platelet nadirs, and less platelet transfusion per cycle. ICE dose intensity was improved with @entity970 -rHuMGDF versus placebo: 75 versus 42% (P = 0.008). At 8.5 years median follow-up, overall and event-free survival are 47 and 31%, respectively. @entity1 treated on @entity970 -rHuMGDF versus placebo had improved survival (59 versus 31%, P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: @entity970 -rHuMGDF ameliorated @entity882 , improved platelet recovery, and maintained ICE dose intensity. Potential survival advantages conferred by maintaining dose intensity require validation with newer thrombopoietic agents.

title: Maintaining the dose intensity of ICE chemotherapy with a thrombopoietic agent, XXXX -rHuMGDF, may confer a survival advantage in relapsed and refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity44510 :: ('MESH:C103117', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG-rHuMGDF']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically effective dose', 'CED']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: PURPOSE: The monoclonal antibody pertuzumab represents the first @entity1722 dimerization inhibitor with unknown activity in @entity694 treatment. We examined the antitumor activity of pertuzumab as a single agent or in combination with @entity3866 or @entity2600 in @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: @entity694 cell lines were tested for @entity470 / @entity1722 expression by western blot analysis. The effect of pertuzumab on cell cycle distribution was analyzed by FACS. @entity19 bearing xenograft @entity5 were treated with pertuzumab alone, or in combination either with @entity2600 or with @entity3866 . @entity5 volume was measured repeatedly. @entity5 histology was analyzed for @entity39 . RESULTS: Six of nine cell lines showed high expression of @entity470 / @entity1722 . Pertuzumab inhibited cell cycle progression in various cell lines. Pertuzumab showed minor antitumor activity in xenograft @entity5 , but significantly inhibited @entity5 growth when combined with @entity3866 (P < 0.001). Combination of pertuzumab with @entity2600 had no additional effect on growth of additional @entity5 . Pertuzumab treated DLD-1 xenograft @entity5 did not show enhanced @entity39 , which, however, was found in HCT116 derived xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Pertuzumab has some antitumor activity on @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro and in vivo, in particular when combined with @entity3866 . In vivo, pertuzumab combination treatment was not superior to @entity2600 monotherapy. These data warrant further investigation of simultaneous @entity470 / @entity470 TKI inhibition and @entity470 / @entity1722 dimerization inhibition for @entity14 therapy.

title: Antitumor activity of the @entity1722 dimerization inhibitor pertuzumab on @entity1 XXXX cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: This study compared the drug-utilization costs and indicators of clinical outcomes associated with the use of @entity1090 and @entity1037 in a hospital setting. We conducted a nonrandomized, retrospective chart review of consecutive @entity1 identified as presenting with @entity716 on inpatient wards at Riverview Hospital in British Columbia and given either @entity1090 or @entity1037 as their first new drug after reassessment (n = 30 per treatment group). Data were collected for up to 120 days. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sex, age, duration of illness, or diagnosis. The mean dosage of @entity1090 for responders was 4.89 +/- 2.56 mg/d, whereas that for @entity1037 was 17.19 +/- 3.88 mg/d. The associated daily drug-acquisition costs were significantly different, at @entity3729 .69 for @entity1090 and CA 11.52 for @entity1037 . Notes in @entity1 charts indicated that a significantly greater proportion of @entity1090 -treated @entity1 (60.0%) than @entity1037 -treated @entity1 (26.7%) responded to therapy, as indicated by improvement in at least one target symptom (P < 0.01). Forty percent of @entity1 initially treated with @entity1090 were discharged on their original therapy, compared with 13.3% of @entity1 treated with @entity1037 (P < 0.05). These results were not substantially affected by correction for markers of illness severity or treatment resistance. Overall, no significant differences in side effects were recorded in the @entity1 records of the two groups. Within this cohort of @entity1 , @entity1090 treatment was associated with lower drug-acquisition cost and better treatment outcomes than @entity1037 .

title: Drug utilization patterns and outcomes associated with in-hospital treatment with XXXX or @entity1037 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of and interest in evaluation of swallowing using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) in @entity1 with @entity1282 and @entity1173 caused by an abnormal pharyngeal phase of swallow. A cohort of six @entity1 previously treated for @entity135 with persistent @entity1282 and/or @entity1173 were evaluated an average of 47 months after treatment. The morphology and mobility of the oral, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal structures were analyzed using cine-MRI using single-shot fast spin echo technology. The qualitative observations were compared with a clinical fiberoptic swallowing evaluation. Swallowing physiology was analyzable for dry (saliva) swallow in all @entity1 . MRI was well-tolerated by all six @entity1 and no clinical @entity1173 occurred during the MRI. In five of six cases, further information on the cause of @entity1282 was obtained using cine-MRI compared with the clinical evaluation alone. In the remaining case, cine-MRI confirmed the clinical evaluation. Cine-MRI using the dry swallow technique is feasible and without risk in @entity1 with clinical @entity1173 . Cine-MRI is complementary to clinical evaluation of swallowing in @entity1 with an abnormal pharyngeal phase of swallowing resulting from treatment of @entity5 .

title: Cine magnetic resonance imaging with single-shot fast spin echo for evaluation of @entity1282 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of @entity631 after renal ablation in a model with abnormal regulation of the @entity3449 gene. METHODS: Four-month-old female ovariectomized @entity101 heterozygous transgenic @entity35 (TGR) harbouring the @entity19 @entity15656 gene were compared with pressure-matched, pair-fed, @entity64 -prone, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRsp). Both groups were followed for 6 weeks after 70% subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) or sham operation. RESULTS: Blood pressures in the SNX group at the end of the experiment were 193 +/- 3 mmHg in TGR and 199 +/- 5 mmHg in SHRsp. The final C(in) was 306 +/- 68 microliters/min per 100 g body weight in TGR that had undergone SNX and 550 +/- 93 microliters/min per 100 g body weight in SHR that had undergone SNX (P < 0.02), whereas inulin clearance (C(in)) in sham-operated pair-fed TGR and SHRsp controls did not differ from each other. The @entity631 index was 1.75 +/- 0.08 in perfusion-fixed TGR that had undergone SNX versus 1.21 +/- 0.03 in SHR that had undergone SNX (P < 0.005). In addition, the media thickness of preglomerular vessels was significantly greater in TGR that had undergone SNX (7.48 +/- 0.79 microns) than it was in SHRsp that had undergone SNX (5.27 +/- 1.38 microns, P < 0.02). @entity35 renal @entity3449 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and, in parallel, @entity19 @entity15656 gene expression were lower in TGR after SNX. Plasma @entity3449 and @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) concentrations were reduced to a similar extent in both SNX groups, but plasma prorenin was higher in TGR that had undergone SNX than it was in SHRsp that had undergone SNX. The @entity1808 :I ratio in the kidney was significantly higher in TGR (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between sham-operated or subtotally nephrectomized TGR and SHRsp with respect to angiotensin type 1 mRNA and angiotensinogen mRNA. The renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity, however, was significantly higher in sham operated and subtotally nephrectomized TGR than it was in sham operated SHRsp and in SHRsp that had undergone SNX. CONCLUSION: Deterioration of renal function is accelerated in subtotally nephrectomized transgenic @entity35 [TGR( @entity15656 )27] compared with that in comparably @entity101 SHRsp despite suppressed circulating active mRNA and decreased renal @entity3449 mRNA. Although alternative explanations are possible, this observation is consistent with a role for local @entity1808 in the genesis of @entity631 .

title: Progression of renal failure after subtotal nephrectomy in transgenic @entity35 carrying an additional XXXX gene [TGR( @entity15656 )27].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: We can draw several conclusions from an analysis of our series: 1. Although prematurity remains to be an important factor in the survival of @entity1 with major surgical or medical disease, the more important risk factor in esophageal @entity1146 and @entity4501 concerns: a. Severity of associated anomalies that are uncorrectable and fatal b. Associated complication from the disease or surgery (especially in @entity1 less than 1500 gm). Complications such as tracheal perforation and gastric perforation are not tolerated well and can be fatal (the case in two of our @entity1 ). 2. Premature @entity1 weighing even less than 1500 gm tolerate a major thoracotomy well with correction of an @entity2910 . In this series, the smallest weighed 1220 gm. This @entity1 had an uneventful recovery with a good outcome. 3. Simultaneous correction of associated anomalies also is well tolerated by these @entity1 . Judgment, however, should be exercised as to the extent and length of operative procedures performed. 4. Staged reconstruction is still an excellent alternative when one is dealing with a premature @entity1 with concomitant surgical procedures, although lengthening operations with primary @entity254 for the most part have replaced the need for staging esophageal reconstruction. 5. Radiographs indicating a high @entity75 also require bronchoscopic identification of the @entity292 prior to operative intervention to provide a guide to the proper surgical @entity75 . 6. Acute @entity834 should be treated aggressively by antibiotics and immediate thoracotomy, with cervical esophagostomy, closure of the distal esophagus, drainage of the mediastinum, and gastrostomy placement. immediate intervention will result in better survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Management of esophageal @entity1146 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['approach to the lesion', 'upper pouch lesion']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether anticoagulation has an influence on the occlusion rate and @entity1031 occurrence in @entity439 treated with Guglielmi detachable coils. METHODS: @entity439 were created in @entity95 . Group 1 served as a control group (n = 6) without @entity887 or anticoagulation. In Groups 2 to 5, @entity439 were embolized. In Group 2, no anticoagulation was given (n = 5). Group 3 received heparin before the placement of the first coil, then low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the next 2 days (n = 7). In Group 4, additional @entity117 was administered after 2 days until sacrifice (n = 10). Group 5 received heparin before the placement of the first coil, then a LMHW was administered daily until sacrifice (n = 5). Angiography was performed 3 months after coiling, followed by a histological examination. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation showed @entity715 formation with @entity2295 , regardless of the anticoagulation regime used. Only in the group with LMWH over 3 months was the @entity715 not focally, properly organized, especially in the dome. The coils in the neck showed, however, the same @entity17790 as in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Anticoagulation with heparin during the first days, followed by @entity117 , appears unlikely to affect the occlusion rate in @entity439 . LMWH over a long period, however, could impair @entity715 organization. Therefore, in regard to @entity715 organization, an anticoagulation regime with @entity117 seems to be superior to LMWH. This could play an important role in the prevention of @entity1031 events in @entity1 treated with Guglielmi detachable coils.

title: Anticoagulation regimes and their influence on the occlusion rate of @entity439 : an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'Aneurysms in the right CCA']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity17790 :: ('MESH:D018218', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: CT perfusion imaging (pCT) may be used to detect and monitor @entity854 due to @entity66 . The magnitude of variability in clinical measurements has been insufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to measure the long-term variability of clinical pCT measurements in @entity1 with @entity66 . METHODS: pCT parameters were calculated for the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to a @entity543 before and after stent treatment of @entity850 in 33 consecutive @entity1 . Mean transit time ( @entity98 ), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) calculated from pCT data from both a small and large region of interest (ROI) using both manual and automated methods were compared before and after stent treatment. Differences between the first and second measurement were tested for statistical significance with at-test. Variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the differences divided by the mean of the pre- and post-stent treatment values. To adjust for proportional bias, the Bland-Altman analysis was applied. RESULTS: The differences between the two measurements of @entity98 , CBF, and CBV averaged 2.5 to 7.7% when a manual method was used and was higher with automatic methods (p > 0.07). The variability of the values was 18% for @entity98 , 19% for CBV, and 25% for CBF with the large ROI and the manual method of calculation. The magnitude was larger when the small ROI and automatic methods were employed. CONCLUSION: Longitudinal measurements of @entity98 , @entity2541 , or CBF by pCT may vary by 20-25%. To detect changes in treatment-related changes in perfusion, pCT studies must be designed to achieve statistical significance based on this variability.

title: Variability of clinical CT perfusion measurements in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Cooperation between the @entity15 center at the Carmel medical center and the Hospital-at-Home (H.H) department of the continuing care unit in the Haifa and Western Galilee district of the Clalit Health Services has made it possible to give @entity1667 intravenously to @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 during an acute exacerbation of the disease, in their home. In this study, we describe the joint work of the two centers. We have summarized 30 treatment courses given to 26 @entity1 in their homes, following referral by the @entity15 . center, in the year 1999. The aims of the study included assessing satisfaction, safety and cost-effectiveness in a treatment course in the HH framework, as compared to the same treatment being conducted in the framework of hospitalization in various neurological departments, as was done in the past in the same group of @entity1 . The expenses involved in HH for this group of @entity1 were only 14% of the parallel treatment in the hospital (a savings of 86%). The treatment has proven to be extremely safe. There were no side-effects that required returning @entity1 to the hospital, and the treatment was given in conditions of maximum comfort for the @entity1 and his family. A telephone survey was conducted, which compared the satisfaction with the HH treatment, and the burden caused the @entity1 's family to prior hospitalization for the same treatment. For all of the parameters examined, greater satisfaction was distinctly proven in the HH treatment. In light of these findings, we can conclude that giving @entity1667 intravenously to @entity15 @entity1 during an acute exacerbation, in the HH framework, is a safe and cost effective treatment, preferred by the @entity1 and his family.

title: [Hospital-at-home as a solution for the treatment requirements of acute exacerbation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'M.S']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: To identify @entity5 -associated antigens that may be immunogenic to man, human monoclonal antibodies (human mAb) were generated by fusing nonsecreting @entity19 @entity1582 cells with lymphocytes from regional mesenteric nodes of @entity1 with @entity420 of the colon. One IgG1 @entity1 mAb, designated as 14-31-10, was identified by its reactivity against @entity1 @entity5 xenografts. We have studied the reactivity of mAb 14-31-10 with @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded specimens of @entity1 colon. A total of 86 cases were studied, including normal adult and fetal colons, @entity420 of the colon, and a variety of colonic inflammatory diseases and @entity1613 . Intense reactivity was found in 15 of 18 @entity420 of the colon, but not in 10 specimens of normal adult or 4 specimens of fetal @entity694 . Interestingly, in four cases of @entity189 , reactivity was also observed in histologically normal mucosa situated 10 cm or more from the @entity75 . On the other hand, no staining was detected in any of the 16 inflammatory lesions. Of the 38 @entity1613 , only 6 showed staining by the mAb: 1 of 5 benign tubular @entity6523 , 3 of 9 @entity5493 and @entity1127 , 1 of 5 specimens of @entity31 and 1 of 19 specimens of @entity1412 . However, the intensity of staining was only moderate in those cases. Our data, therefore, suggest that the epitope identified by the @entity1 mAb 14-31-10 shows preferential expression in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the colon, and in ostensibly normal mucosa at some distance from a primary @entity694 . In all instances, the staining was cytoplasmic, suggesting a cytoplasmic or internal membrane location of the target antigen. This antigen appeared to be distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen, since staining by 14-31-10 was consistently different from that of a mouse monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen in serial sections of the same specimens. The restricted reactivity of 14-31-10 suggests its potential application in immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the epitope identified by mAb 14-31-10 may be expressed during the progression of normal mucosa to @entity5 .

title: Reactivity of a human monoclonal antibody against XXXX and other lesions of the colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['tubovillous polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa', 'colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) is assumed to play a role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We evaluated the relationship between local expression of @entity2071 and the circulating level of sICAM-1, and clarified its biological implications. METHODS: Serum concentrations of sICAM-1 in 94 @entity14 @entity1 were determined. Tissue concentrations of sICAM-1 in the @entity5 , @entity2513 , and the normal mucosa were also determined. The expression of @entity2071 in the @entity5 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The serum concentration of sICAM-1 in the @entity1 was significantly higher than that in the controls, and the @entity5 size was the independent pathological factor that was associated with the serum @entity2071 level. @entity2071 immunoreactivity was seen intensively in the stromal cells in the @entity5 . The tissue concentration of sICAM-1 in the normal mucosa was significantly lower than that in the @entity2513 . The tissue concentration of sICAM-1 in the advanced @entity189 significantly decreased in association with the increase in @entity5 size. This fluctuation of @entity2071 expression in the @entity5 was also associated with the metastatic potential even at an early stage of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The tissue concentration of sICAM-1 increased during tumorigenesis and at an early stage of @entity189 , and decreased in association with progression of the disease. Serum sICAM-1 level reflected the fluctuation of @entity2071 expression in the @entity5 . Evaluation of serum concentration of sICAM-1 may be associated with @entity5 load and can reflect disease progression in @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Biological implications of circulating soluble @entity2071 in @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and the early carcinoma', 'colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']