abstract: For a @entity281 to be established, bacteria must be able to cope with hostile conditions such as low @entity68 levels, oxidative stress, and clearance by the host defense, as well as antibiotic treatment. It is generally accepted that biofilm formation facilitates tolerance to these adverse conditions. However, microscopic investigations of samples isolated from sites of @entity281 seem to suggest that some bacteria do not need to be attached to surfaces in order to establish @entity281 . In this study we employed scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, RT-PCR as well as traditional culturing techniques to study the properties of @entity796 aggregates. We found that non-attached aggregates from stationary-phase cultures have comparable growth rates to surface attached biofilms. The growth rate estimations indicated that, independently of age, both aggregates and flow-cell biofilm had the same slow growth rate as a stationary phase shaking cultures. Internal structures of the aggregates matrix components and their capacity to survive otherwise lethal treatments with antibiotics (referred to as tolerance) and resistance to phagocytes were also found to be strikingly similar to flow-cell biofilms. Our data indicate that the tolerance of both biofilms and non-attached aggregates towards antibiotics is reversible by physical disruption. We provide evidence that the antibiotic tolerance is likely to be dependent on both the physiological states of the aggregates and particular matrix components. Bacterial surface-attachment and subsequent biofilm formation are considered hallmarks of the capacity of microbes to cause persistent @entity281 . We have observed non-attached aggregates in the lungs of cystic @entity82 @entity1 ; @entity2346 media; soft tissue fillers and non-healing wounds, and we propose that aggregated cells exhibit enhanced survival in the hostile host environment, compared with non-aggregated bacterial populations.

title: Phenotypes of non-attached XXXX aggregates resemble surface attached biofilm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'chronic infections', 'chronic infection']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcome in @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity385 ). BACKGROUND: @entity64 can have consequences on motor, cognitive, and behavioral development. We present a cross-sectional study of neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcome at least one year poststroke in a uniquely homogeneous sample of @entity1 who had experienced @entity385 . METHOD: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity385 aged 6 to 18 years were recruited from a specialist clinic. Neuropsychological measures of intelligence, reading comprehension, attention, and executive function were administered. A triangulation of data collection included questionnaires completed by the @entity1 , their parents, and teachers, rating behavior, executive functions, and emotions. KEY FINDINGS: Focal neuropsychological vulnerabilities in attention (response inhibition and dual attention) and executive function were found, beyond general intellectual functioning, irrespective of hemispheric side of @entity64 . Difficulties with emotional and behavioral regulation were also found. Consistent with an "early plasticity" hypothesis, earlier age of @entity64 was associated with better performance on measures of executive function. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of @entity1 poststroke are at long-term risk of difficulties with emotional regulation, executive function, and attention. Data also suggest that executive functions are represented in widespread networks in the developing brain and are vulnerable to unilateral injury.

title: Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcome following childhood XXXX : attention deficits, emotional dysregulation, and executive dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'arterial ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['arterial ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide recommendations on the follow-up and management of @entity1 with @entity0 who have completed primary therapy with curative intent. METHODS: To update the 2006 guideline of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), a systematic review of the literature published from March 2006 through March 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. An Update Committee reviewed the evidence to determine whether the recommendations were in need of updating. RESULTS: There were 14 new publications that met inclusion criteria: nine systematic reviews (three included meta-analyses) and five randomized controlled trials. After its review and analysis of the evidence, the Update Committee concluded that no revisions to the existing ASCO recommendations were warranted. RECOMMENDATIONS: Regular history, physical examination, and mammography are recommended for @entity0 follow-up. Physical examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For @entity1 who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. The use of complete blood counts, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, pelvic ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, @entity419 -positron emission tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or @entity5 markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity2355 , and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic @entity1 with no specific findings on clinical examination.

title: XXXX follow-up and management after primary treatment: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: @entity35635 cells grow slowly, to high cell density, in medium with 0.1% calf serum. An increase in the serum concentration increases both the growth rate of the cells and the final cell density. The serum can be replaced to some extent by @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ). Initiation of DNA synthesis in @entity35635 cells that have spread into a "wound" in a crowded cell layer requires the addition of a trace of serum or @entity4179 , if the cells have previously been deprived of serum. The binding of 125I-labeled @entity4179 to low-density and high-density @entity35635 cells has been studied. Binding is faster to low-density cells. Cells at low cell density also bind much more @entity4179 per cell than cells at high cell density. The fraction of bound 125I-labeled @entity4179 that is present on the cell surface as intact @entity4179 is larger at low than at high cell density. The results indicate that the number of available @entity4179 receptors per cell decreases drastically as the cell density increases. It is suggested that a decrease in the number of available @entity4179 receptor sites per cell, and the accompanying decrease in sensitivity of the cells to @entity4179 , contributes to density-dependent regulation of growth of these cells.

title: Density-dependent regulation of growth of XXXX cells in cell culture: control of growth by serum factors.

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity35635 :: (6557,Gene) :: ['BSC-1']


abstract: @entity33615 (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that are able to form inclusion complexes with a variety of substances. For pharmaceutical applications, CD-based drug formulations offer important advantages compared with uncomplexed drugs. These include improved water solubility of lipophilic drug molecules, increased chemical stability, as well as enhanced bioavailability and absorption rate. Also, a number of topical formulations for dermal and transdermal drug delivery contain CDs. However, the most frequently used CDs - @entity19987 and MbetaCD - are known to extract @entity165 from plasma membranes and thus to cause cellular damage and cell death. In the present study, the influence of various CDs and CD derivatives on the @entity1 keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was assessed. We found that @entity19987 and MbetaCD induce apoptosis via the activator @entity8186 , which subsequently activates the effector caspases-3/-7. Furthermore, @entity19987 -induced apoptosis is accompanied by mitochondrial cytochrome c release. A significant shift from mitochondria into the cytosol was found. These findings may provide further rationale to the use of CDs in topical formulations for dermal and transdermal drug delivery or as raw material in order to functionalize textiles for medical applications.

title: Cyclodextrin-induced apoptosis in XXXX keratinocytes is @entity8186 dependent and accompanied by mitochondrial cytochrome c release.

entities_list: @entity33615 :: ('MESH:D003505', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclodextrins']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Forty four consecutive @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity914 were studied retrospectively for @entity716 associated with changes in antiepileptic drug therapy. Twenty seven @entity1 (61%) developed their first episode of @entity716 unrelated to changes in their antiepileptic drug regimen. Twenty three of these @entity1 developed @entity914 with temporally unrelated changes in @entity410 frequency. Many @entity1 had chronic @entity161 -like @entity716 . Seventeen @entity1 (39%) developed their first episode of @entity716 in association with changes in their antiepileptic drug regimen. Twelve @entity1 developed @entity914 temporally related to @entity410 attenuation or aggravation. Many of their @entity716 were polymorphic with a single episode or recurrent episodes. No marked differences were found in the various clinical backgrounds between the two groups. In the drug-related group, seven @entity1 developed @entity914 after starting add-on therapy with a new antiepileptic drug, six after abruptly discontinuing their drugs, and four after taking an @entity1445 of antiepileptic drugs. Based on the present findings, drug regimens should be changed gradually and compliance should be maintained to prevent @entity302 .

title: XXXX and anticonvulsant drug treatment.

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic psychoses', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic episodes', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic psychoses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the potential yield of incorporating fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) measurements in childhood @entity56 management. METHODS: Ninety-nine @entity1 with persistent @entity56 were included in this multicentre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Treatment was based on the Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) guidelines. In the FeNO group, @entity565 management was also guided by FeNO measurements. Health outcomes were evaluated over a 52-week timeframe. RESULTS: Fewer @entity565 exacerbations were registered in the FeNO group. 24% of the @entity1 in the FeNO group experienced one or more exacerbations per year, compared with 48% in the clinical group (P   =   0.017). The proportion of symptom-free days did not differ between groups. In the FeNO group, more months of @entity4352 receptor antagonist use (median (interquartile range)) were observed: 12 (9-12) months, compared with 9 (3-12) months in the clinical group (P   =   0.019). Next, the evolution of inhaled @entity228 doses between visits 1 and 5 (median change (interquartile range)) showed a significant increase of +100     g (0, +400) in the FeNO group and a change of 0     g (-200, +80) in the clinical group (P   =   0.016). CONCLUSIONS: FeNO measurements in childhood @entity565 management did not improve the proportion of symptom-free days, but did result in fewer @entity565 exacerbations associated with an increased @entity4352 receptor antagonist use and an augmentation of the inhaled @entity228 doses.

title: Exhaled @entity842 in childhood XXXX management: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity (UE) weight bearing on UE impairment functional performance of @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 ( @entity1545 ). A quasi-experimental design was used to examine a convenience sample of 99 @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 and 22 without @entity1545 (WBI) living in a community re-entry centre. A computerized force-sensing array pressure map system was used to determine the UE pressure during unilateral and bilateral conditions. Differences between groups were examined using t-tests. Correlations were computed between UE weight bearing and hand function, and functional performance as measured by the Fugl-Meyer scale and functional independence measure (FIM) scale. The group of @entity1 with @entity1545 exerted significantly lower UE weight bearing during unilateral conditions as compared with @entity1 WBI [left: t (119) = 2.34, p = 0.021; right: t (119) = 4.79, p = 0.043). UE weight-bearing measures correlated strongly with FIM motor scores with bilateral UE conditions yielded the highest significant correlation (bilateral left r = 0.487, p < 0.001; bilateral right r = 0.469, p < 0.01). The results indicated that UE weight-bearing pressure differs in unilateral and bilateral conditions, between @entity1 with and WBI and between @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity131 . These findings may have implications for occupational therapists that use unilateral versus bilateral motor training for rehabilitation. There is a need to replicate the study design with a randomized and stratified sample of @entity1 with @entity1545 .

title: Unilateral and bilateral upper extremity weight-bearing effect on upper extremity impairment and functional performance after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'BI']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is the main complication following @entity169 . A possible explanatory factor is the suture fixation of the mesh. Glue fixation might overcome this problem. Albeit at a very low frequency, @entity1 and @entity291 components of fibrin sealants currently available could contain blood-borne pathogens. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin sealant (P-RFS) eliminates this risk and has additional advantages such as hemostatic and antibacterial effects. Therefore, its feasibility was assessed in @entity169 , with a focus on @entity158 . METHODS: In 22 @entity1 with primary @entity169 , the mesh was fixated with P-RFS. Data included operative variables, complications, @entity158 scores and neurological examinations. Long-term follow-up was 22.2 months (SD 2.2) postoperatively. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, visual analogue scale and @entity158 scores were lower than they were preoperatively. Complications at 3 months were 1 recurrence, 1 chronic @entity158 . At the last clinical evaluation, the recurrence was planned for repair due to discomfort. No @entity1118 , @entity74 or discomfort was reported at long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mesh fixation with autologous P-RFS is feasible. If there is a preference for autologous material, P-RFS is indicated. If glue fixation becomes standard, further randomized studies are warranted for this alternative.

title: Mesh fixation with autologous platelet-rich fibrin sealant in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['disability pain', 'pain', 'pain and 6 sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few large population-based studies have compared the incidence of @entity548 of @entity10189 between @entity1 with and without @entity454 . We investigated the association between @entity1066 and @entity454 in @entity1 receiving hemodialysis, and we sought to identify risk factors for @entity1066 . METHODS: We performed a nationwide seven-year population study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We identified 36 474 @entity1 with @entity454 who were receiving hemodialysis, 6320 @entity1 with @entity740 and 36 034 controls matched for age, sex and medication use. We performed log-rank testing to analyze differences in survival time without @entity1066 among the three groups. We performed Cox proportional hazard regressions to evaluate the risk factors for @entity1066 among the three groups and to identify risk factors in @entity1 receiving hemodialysis. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving hemodialysis and those with @entity740 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity1066 than controls had (p<0.001). Hemodialysis (hazard ratio [HR] 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.67-5.86) and @entity740 (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.62-2.35) were independently associated with an increased risk of @entity1066 . @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity82 and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were risk factors for @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity454 who were receiving hemodialysis INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with @entity454 who are receiving hemodialysis had a high risk of @entity1066 . @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity82 and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were important risk factors for @entity1066 in these @entity1 .

title: Incidence of @entity548 from XXXX in @entity1 with @entity454 receiving hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To review the surgical management of @entity10470 ( @entity10470 ), outcomes of carotid artery reconstruction, as well as utility of preoperative embolization. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A single-surgeon case series with chart review was performed of all cases between 1997 and 2014 at a single institution. Tumor classification, major neurovascular resection, requirement for in-line carotid artery reconstruction, intraoperative @entity190 , and operative time, and postoperative @entity531 were determined. RESULTS: In all, 96 @entity1 with 101 CBTs underwent definitive resection disease. Vascular sacrifice was 2.9% (three) for the internal jugular vein, 8.9% (nine) for the external carotid artery, and 13.8% (14) for the internal carotid artery (ICA). ICA sacrifices were performed with immediate in-line arterial bypass grafting with vascular surgery. Permanent @entity129 occurred in 4.9% (five) of @entity1 , without cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend surgical resection as the primary approach to the management of these CBTs. In lesions involving the ICA, we recommend vein bypass grafting. We found no differences or advantages to preoperative embolization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 126:2282-2287, 2016.

title: Evaluating the role of embolization and carotid artery sacrifice and reconstruction in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body tumors', 'CBT']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular complications']

answer: @entity10470 :: (MESH:D002345,Disease) :: ['carotid body tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of @entity1576 , and it is largely used in Italy, but no systematic safety assessment has been carried out so far. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the safety of injection immunotherapy in a multicentre, real-life survey. METHODS: Eleven Italian @entity566 departments recorded the clinical characteristics of systemic reactions (SRs) due to immunotherapy. @entity18186 were prescribed according to guidelines; only standardized depot extracts were used. SRs were graded according to the EAACI recommendations, and were classified as immediate or delayed. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight @entity1 (847 males, age range 5-71) received immunotherapy from eight different manufacturers, for a total of 2038 courses (300 @entity1 received two extracts). A total of 60 785 injections were given over a mean immunotherapy duration of 3 years. Overall, 95 reactions were observed in 57 @entity1 (3.28%), corresponding to 4.7% of the courses and 1.56/1000 injections. Twenty-five @entity1 experienced more than one adverse event. There were 34 grade 2, 60 grade 3 and one grade 4 reactions and no fatality. SRs occurred more frequently in @entity1 with @entity565 than in @entity1 with @entity2490 alone (4.1% vs. 1.1%), and were equally distributed between the build-up and the maintenance phase. Ragweed and grass extracts caused significantly more side effects than other allergens. CONCLUSION: In this large prospective study, the rate of SRs was low, thus confirming that injection immunotherapy has an acceptable risk/benefit ratio when prescribed and carried out according to recommendations.

title: A prospective Italian survey on the safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergy']


abstract: @entity1737 is an @entity792 in which neuromuscular transmission is impaired by autoantibodies to the @entity934 receptor (AChR). There are 3 varieties of @entity1737 with differing genetic susceptibilities. There is also a purely ocular form in which the @entity425 is confined to the extraocular muscles, and a neonatal variety which occurs in 20% of babies born to myasthenic mothers due to transplacental passage of the @entity934 receptor antibody. Another variety of @entity1737 occurs several months after treatment with @entity2361 . The role of the thymus is suggested by abnormal histology in @entity1 with @entity1737 and by the beneficial effects of thymectomy in more than two-thirds of @entity1 . Thymectomy is indicated in most @entity1 unless the symptoms are minimal or the @entity425 is confined to the extraocular muscles. Most @entity1 require treatment with anticholinesterase drugs to prolong the action of @entity934 at the muscle end-plate. Overdosage of these drugs can provoke a cholinergic @entity425 . Remissions can be achieved with @entity288 in 80% of @entity1 . Immunosuppression with @entity500 is used mainly in @entity1 who do not respond to thymectomy or in those @entity1 who are considered unsuitable for operation. Plasma exchange can cause a rapid but temporary improvement in @entity1737 , and has no long term place in its treatment.

title: New treatment approaches to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['generalised myasthenia', 'myasthenia', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: So far, little attention has been paid to the value of dialysis adequacy for @entity1 ' quality of life (QL). Therefore we studied the impact of demographic, clinical, and dialysis characteristics on physical symptoms and perceived QL. METHODS: The study population consisted of 120 incident chronic haemodialysis (HD) and 106 @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 , starting dialysis treatment in 13 Dutch centres. Data were collected 3 months after the start of dialysis. Nine physical symptoms were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. @entity1 's self-assessment of QL was measured with the 36-item MOS Short Form (SF-36). RESULTS: The most common symptoms in HD and @entity298 were @entity1295 (respectively 82 and 87%) and itching (73 and 68%). In HD only a medium to high comorbidity--age risk index was associated with greater symptom burden. In @entity298 also a lower percentage lean body mass, a lower rGFR, and past episodes of underhydration were associated with greater symptom burden. The explained variance by these variables was only 12% in HD and 21% in @entity298 . However, greater symptom burden explained a substantial additional amount of impaired physical and mental QL on top of demographics and clinical status. Dialysis variables were associated neither with symptoms nor with QL. CONCLUSION: Symptom burden can be explained to a limited extent by demographic and clinical variables and not by dialysis characteristics. Addition of symptom burden to the other variables makes it possible to explain one-third of perceived QL. This underlines the importance of symptom reduction in order to improve @entity1 's QL.

title: Physical symptoms and quality of life in XXXX on chronic dialysis: results of The Netherlands Cooperative Study on Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The remodeling process in bone yields numerous cytokines and chemokines that mediate crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and also serve to attract and support @entity3 cells. The @entity3 cells disturb the equilibrium in bone that manifests as skeletal complications. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an important role in skeletogenesis. We hypothesized that the Hh pathway mediates an interaction between @entity5 cells and osteoblasts and influences osteoblast differentiation in response to @entity5 cells. We have determined that @entity0 cells have an activated Hh pathway characterized by upregulation of the ligand, IHH and transcription factor @entity8889 . @entity0 cells interact with osteoblasts and cause an enhanced differentiation of pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts that express increased levels of the osteoclastogenesis factors, @entity5298 and @entity4293 . There is sustained expression of osteoclast-promoting factors, @entity5298 and @entity4293 , even after the osteoblast differentiation ceases and apoptosis sets in. Moreover, @entity5 cells that are deficient in Hh signaling are compromised in their ability to induce osteoblast differentiation and consequently are inefficient in causing @entity3061 . The stimulation of osteoblast differentiation sets the stage for osteoclast differentiation and overall promotes @entity3061 . Thus, in the process of developing newer therapeutic strategies against @entity0 metastasis to bone it would worthwhile to keep in mind the role of the Hh pathway in osteoblast differentiation in an otherwise predominant osteolytic phenomenon.

title: Hedgehog signaling in XXXX cells facilitates osteoblast-enhanced osteolytic metastases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity5132 , a clinically important dimorphic fungal pathogen that can evade immune attack by masking its cell wall beta-glucan from immune recognition, mutes protective host responses mediated by the Dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor on innate immune cells. Although the ability of @entity5132 to switch between a @entity375 - or hyphal-form is a key virulence determinant, the role of each morphotype in beta-glucan masking during @entity281 and treatment has not been addressed. Here, we show that during @entity281 of @entity19 , the @entity5132 beta-glucan is masked initially but becomes exposed later in several organs. At all measured stages of @entity281 , there is no difference in beta-glucan exposure between @entity375 -form and hyphal cells. We have previously shown that sub-inhibitory doses of the anti-fungal drug @entity11794 can expose beta-glucan in vitro, suggesting that the drug may enhance immune activity during therapy. This report shows that @entity11794 also mediates beta-glucan unmasking in vivo. Surprisingly, @entity11794 preferentially unmasks filamentous cells, as opposed to @entity375 form cells, both in vivo and in vitro. The fungicidal activity of @entity11794 in vitro is also filament-biased, as corroborated using @entity375 -locked and hyphal-locked mutants. The uncloaking of filaments is not a general effect of anti-fungal drugs, as another anti-fungal agent does not have this effect. These results highlight the advantage of studying host-pathogen interaction in vivo and suggest new avenues for drug development.

title: Dynamic, morphotype-specific @entity5132 beta-glucan exposure during XXXX and drug treatment.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Clinical phase I/II studies have been performed at the @entity12752 ( @entity12752 ) since February 1982. Fifty-two out of 249 @entity1 accepted for pion treatment by the end of 1986 were treated for @entity11 with high dose pion irradiation. A substantial influence of their radioresistance was expected from increased radiation quality due to the contribution of high LET particles from pion capture, and by the possibility of target volume shaping and dose distribution related to the dynamic spot-scan conformation technique. The @entity1 ' treatment followed a dose escalation program with total doses from 2720-3420 cGy, fraction sizes from 170 to 205 cGy (90% isodose, minimum target dose), and treatment times from 4 to 5 weeks. 12/52 @entity1 received an accelerated treatment with 3280 cGy in 14-22 days. 49/52 @entity1 are eligible: 3 with @entity816 of clinical aggressive behaviour, 14 with @entity816 (median age 42 years), and 32 @entity1 with @entity463 (median age 52 years). 8/49 @entity1 had @entity5 resection, 19 @entity1 a stereotactic biopsy. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to total dose, and a fourth group which received the accelerated treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the median survival rate between the four groups, which was 13 months for the @entity463 @entity1 and 9 months for the @entity463 @entity1 . No radiation @entity39 and no @entity17 was found in 17 @entity1 (6 recraniotomies, 11 autopsies). In 10/17 @entity1 , clearly identifiable @entity5 cells were not demonstrated. NMR findings showed the @entity5 -surrounding @entity4 mostly stimulated by @entity5 @entity39 and @entity5 progression. From these findings, further dose escalation programs, together with a shaping of the target volume close to the @entity5 , are not contraindicated.

title: @entity816 and @entity463 : pion irradiation with the dynamic conformation technique at the @entity12752 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12752 :: ('MESH:C531816', 'Disease') :: ['SIN', 'Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['total/subtotal tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['non-glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity12752 :: (MESH:C531816,Disease) :: ['SIN']


abstract: Although the study of the epidemiology of @entity64 in developed Western countries (as judged from the number of relevant articles published in international medical journals) is extensive, in Asian countries it has been comparatively limited (with the exception of Japan). Many of the studies from Asian countries also appear to be deficient, thus making comparison between the countries difficult. In addition, many of these studies are believed to be published in local journals not usually cited and difficult to retrieve from, and relevant and retrievable data from many developing countries often show considerable time lapse, making a meaningful comparison between countries even more difficult. In Thailand, Public Health Statistics show that @entity64 has been on the increase. Taken as an example, the @entity204 rate from @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was 3.7/100,000 in 1950, rising to 6.7/100,000 in 1970, and to 11.8/100,000 in 1983. In 1984, there were 9,414 cases of @entity66 admitted to hospitals in Thailand. The incidence (in @entity1 ) increased from 12.7/100,000 in 1981 to 18.7/100,000 in 1984. Since 1957, the mortality rate has been steadily increasing, from approximately 1/100,000 to approximately 6/10,000. In a survey taken in 1983 of a medium-size community in Bangkok, it was found that the prevalence of @entity66 was 6.9/1,000. The same Public Health Statistics also showed that the rate of immediate @entity204 after @entity64 (which is defined as @entity204 within 4 weeks after the onset) from nonembolic @entity385 , @entity999 , and @entity1779 was reported to be 19.5, 37, and 85% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in Asia: an epidemiological consideration.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The myoelectric response of the @entity95 ileum was studied in response to live @entity1838 culture, a whole cell lysate of cholera, and the purified enterotoxin. Each cholera preparation produced a series of highly organized migrating action potential complexes (MAPC). An MAPC was defined as action potential discharge with a duration of 2.5 s or longer, followed by similar activity on at least one other consecutive electrode site. The mean and modal onset time of MAPC activity occurred 4 h after the infection with live @entity1838 culture, the freeze-dried whole cell lysate preparation, or the purified enterotoxin. After the onset of activity this pattern persisted for the duration of the recording period (up to 12 h). The MAPC had a mean propagation velocity of 0.85+/-0.07 cm/s (mean+/-SEM), which remained constant with time. Direct visual observation of the loop revealed that the MAPC's resulted in contractions that propelled intraluminal contents in an aborad direction. The mean fluid output from the 12-cm ileal loops was 6.4+/-1.1 ml/h (mean+/-SEM). Control experiments consisted of recordings from: (a) a ligated ileal loop into which nothing was placed; (b) a ligated ileal loop into which either uninfected culture broth or 0.9% @entity1219 solution was injected; (c) a ligated ileal loop infused with 0.9% @entity1219 solution at a rate of 11.2 ml/h, and (d) rapid injection of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0-ml boluses of 0.9% @entity1219 into the proximal catheter. MAPC activity was not observed in any of the control experiments. These studies indicate that in addition to a secretory component to cholera, there exists a highly organized MAPC that results in contractions that propel intraluminal contents in an aborad direction.

title: Intestinal myoelectric activity in response to live XXXX and cholera enterotoxin.

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the addition of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) improves overall survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 managed with @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) is unclear. Our aim was to compare outcomes in such @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1 with: locally advanced (T3 or T4) @entity263 (n=1057); or organ-confined disease (T2) with either a @entity1486 (PSA) concentration more than 40 ng/mL (n=119) or PSA concentration more than 20 ng/mL and a Gleason score of 8 or higher (n=25), were randomly assigned (done centrally with stratification and dynamic minimisation, not masked) to receive lifelong ADT and @entity1161 (65-69 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, 45 Gy to the pelvic nodes). The primary endpoint was overall survival. The results presented here are of an interim analysis planned for when two-thirds of the events for the final analysis were recorded. All efficacy analyses were done by intention to treat and were based on data from all @entity1 . This trial is registered at controlledtrials.com as ISRCTN24991896 and Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00002633. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2005, 1205 @entity1 were randomly assigned (602 in the ADT only group and 603 in the ADT and @entity1161 group); median follow-up was 6  0 years (IQR 4  4-8  0). At the time of analysis, a total of 320 @entity1 had died, 175 in the ADT only group and 145 in the ADT and @entity1161 group. The addition of @entity1161 to ADT improved overall survival at 7 years (74%, 95% CI 70-78 vs 66%, 60-70; hazard ratio [HR] 0  77, 95% CI 0  61-0  98, p=0  033). Both @entity137 and health-related quality-of-life results showed a small effect of @entity1161 on late gastrointestinal @entity137 (rectal bleeding grade >3, three @entity1 (0  5%) in the ADT only group, two (0  3%) in the ADT and @entity1161 group; @entity294 grade >3, four @entity1 (0  7%) vs eight (1  3%); urinary @entity137 grade >3, 14 @entity1 (2  3%) in both groups). INTERPRETATION: The benefits of combined modality treatment--ADT and @entity1161 --should be discussed with all @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . FUNDING: Canadian @entity5 Society Research Institute, US National @entity5 Institute, and UK Medical Research Council.

title: Combined @entity342 deprivation therapy and XXXX for locally advanced @entity263 : a randomised, phase 3 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: The outlook for newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in the @entity2213 era is excellent for most @entity1 . However, @entity2213 failure is observed in around 25%-30% of @entity1 . With the availability of second-line @entity669 kinase inhibitor therapy and/or allogeneic transplantation, many of these @entity1 with @entity2213 failure can still achieve durable cytogenetic and molecular responses. Early evidence of @entity2213 resistance, when the biology of the @entity1778 might still be relatively favorable, is the best time to switch to second-line therapy. Close cytogenetic and molecular monitoring will facilitate early intervention in appropriate cases. However, caution should be used when interpreting minimal @entity66 data, and the danger of inappropriate changes in therapy based on assay fluctuations should be recognized. A significant increase in the level of @entity1861 to a level > 0.1% on the international scale (major molecular response) should prompt a repeat @entity1861 assay, a mutation screen, and possibly marrow cytogenetics. What constitutes a significant increase depends on the laboratory-specific measurement reliability. The possibilities of poor compliance or drug interactions should be considered. If the repeat @entity1861 assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, or cytogenetics confirms loss of complete cytogenetic response or if a mutation is identified, a dose increase or a switch in therapy to a second-line kinase inhibitor might be indicated. At least until complete molecular response is achieved, regular real-time polymerase chain reaction monitoring reinforces the fact that @entity1778 is still present and that compliance is a challenge that requires ongoing vigilance from the @entity1 and the clinician.

title: Measuring minimal XXXX in @entity1860 : fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['emerging leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['residual disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Both @entity308 and @entity148 have been associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). However, certain symptoms and how they are measured may be more important than others. We investigated three different scales to determine their predictive validity. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1187 (N = 598) completed either the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scales (HADS-A, HADS-D; n = 316) or the Beck @entity308 Inventory-Fast Screen (n = 282). Their all-cause mortality status was assessed at 8 years. RESULTS: During follow-up, 20% (121/598) of @entity1 died. Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that the HADS-D was predictive of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.19), and this association remained significant after adjustment for major clinical/demographic factors, whereas the HADS-A (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.85-1.09) and the Beck @entity308 Inventory-Fast Screen (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.91-1.08) were not. The following @entity308 items from the HADS-D predicted mortality: "I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy" (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05-1.82), "I can laugh and see the funny side of things" (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11-1.96), "I feel as if I am slowed down" (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.24-2.22), and "I look forward with enjoyment to things" (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.72). CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 related to lack of enjoyment or pleasure and physical or @entity73 , as measured by the HADS-D, predicted all-cause mortality at 8 years @entity1187 @entity1 , whereas other @entity308 did not. Whether symptoms of distress predict prognosis in @entity1187 seems to be dependent on the measures and items used.

title: Differential predictive value of depressive @entity148 in the prediction of 8-year mortality after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive and anxiety symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive slowing']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors evaluated the absorbed dose received by the gonads during robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of different @entity5 localizations. METHODS: The authors measured the gonad doses during the treatment of head and neck, @entity530 in both RANDO phantom and actual @entity1 . The computerized tomography images were transferred to the treatment planning system. The contours of @entity5 and critical organs were delineated on each slice, and treatment plans were generated. Measurements for gonad doses were taken from the geometric projection of the ovary onto the skin for female @entity1 , and from the scrotal skin for male @entity1 by attaching films and Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). SRS was delivered with CyberKnife (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). RESULTS: The median gonadal doses with TLD and film dosimeter in actual @entity1 were 0.19 Gy (range, 0.035-2.71 Gy) and 0.34 Gy (range, 0.066-3.18 Gy), respectively. In the RANDO phantom, the median ovarian doses with TLD and film dosimeter were 0.08 Gy (range, 0.03-0.159 Gy) and 0.05 Gy (range, 0.015-0.13 Gy), respectively. In the RANDO phantom, the median testicular doses with TLD and film dosimeter were 0.134 Gy (range 0.056-1.97 Gy) and 0.306 Gy (range, 0.065-2.25 Gy). CONCLUSIONS: Gonad doses are below sterility threshold in robotic SRS for different @entity5 localizations. However, particular attention should be given to gonads during robotic SRS for @entity530 .

title: Determination of gonad doses during robotic stereotactic radiosurgery for various XXXX sites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors', 'thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity944 after sporting activities is not a rare occurrence on the basis of the statistics of a country: there appear to be 100 to 1,500 cases each year in France, and possibly even 10 times as many. This event is of cardiovascular origin or linked to the use of stimulants, if accidental causes are left out. Almost all unexpected deaths of medical origin are due to @entity1167 . In practice, this only rarely involves an apparently healthy organ. @entity296 (almost 50% of cases occurring before the age of 35) and @entity301 (80% of individuals dying over 35 and 75% of all cases) are among the essential causes. The final mechanism most often (62.4%) is @entity2224 following a @entity1165 . These sudden deaths are sometimes preceded by @entity1109 ( @entity951 , @entity1163 , @entity1353 ) and by extrasystoles, with the latter showing their potentially malignant nature in some cases. These features must be sought and identified if an attempt is to be made to reduce sudden @entity204 in athletes. Detailed and routine sophisticated investigations would have little to offer and are expensive. It would seem more valid to educate general practitioners and athletes themselves, but this should be on a very wide scale, i.e. at national level.

title: [ XXXX during sport activities. How can the incidence be reduced?].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['faintness']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: @entity6399 are recognized for their ability to suppress carcinogenic processes in vivo and in vitro. We previously established that the @entity12307 , @entity4111 , acted mechanistically on translation of specific proteins through modulation of mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) signaling. Telomerase-the enzyme responsible for immortalizing cells through the addition of telomeric repeats-is de-repressed early in an aspiring @entity5 cell. Here the effects of biologically-relevant concentrations and short incubations (1-16 h) of @entity4111 or the @entity3470 inhibitor, @entity3446 , on telomerase activity were examined in @entity263 cell lines. A rapid suppression of telomerase activity was observed (from    65% to >95%) determined by real-time quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol and confirmed by @entity2975 gel-analysis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, we demonstrated that @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) mRNA levels were unaltered. Western blot analysis revealed that @entity2215 protein levels decreased in response to @entity4111 or @entity3446 . This decrease was partially blocked by pretreatment with a proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 , indicating that proteasomal degradation contributed to the loss of @entity2215 protein. No change in @entity2215 phosphorylation at Ser824 was observed, indicating the absence of cellular @entity2215 protein redistribution. These findings provide evidence for a unique link between nutrient- and @entity7646 -mediated regulation of @entity3470 and @entity2215 , a key enzyme that regulates DNA structure and stability.

title: The isoprenoid @entity4111 inhibits telomerase activity in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenoids']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity4111 :: ('MESH:C032208', 'Chemical') :: ['perillyl alcohol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown how colorectal surgical outcomes in recipients of renal transplants (TXP) compare to the outcomes in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity454 ( @entity454 ). METHODS: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2004 to 2008 were reviewed. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) codes identified @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery who were stratified as having no @entity8 , @entity740 , @entity454 , or TXP. The effects of renal status on mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs were determined. RESULTS: A total of 171,133 @entity1 were identified; 162,986 had no @entity8 , 3,686 had @entity740 , 1,296 had @entity454 , and 3,765 had had TXP. The odds of @entity204 after surgery were 43% more likely for @entity1 with @entity740 , 82% more likely for TXP, and 240% more likely for those with @entity454 . TXP resulted in an additional length of hospital stay of 3.4 days, compared to 3.2 days for those with @entity454 , and 1.1 days for those with @entity740 (P < .0001). @entity740 added  4,223 in additional costs, TXP added  8,213, and @entity454 added  12,821 (P < .0001). TXP demonstrated odds of mortality between those of @entity740 and @entity454 for @entity65 (OR 2.47). @entity358 resulted in the highest odds of mortality for TXP (OR 6.3). CONCLUSION: After TXP, @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery have mortality and costs between those of @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity454 , with @entity358 remaining high mortality events.

title: Renal transplant status in XXXX undergoing colorectal surgery: is immunosuppression safer than @entity8 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate results of @entity2449 (MF) therapy during 1 year of @entity414 (UA) metabolism and the clinical course of @entity210 with @entity2690 resistance (IR). The study included 30 @entity1 (28 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) of mean age 51 yr and duration of he disease 4-11 yr. IR was diagnosed based on the HOMA index. INCLUSION CRITERIA: the absence of anti- @entity210 therapy, normal renal and hepatic function, abstinence. The @entity1 were given 1500 mg MF/day. The measured parameters included anthropometric and clinical characteristics, 24 hour AP, plasma UA, @entity413 , @entity2690 , @entity1133 , @entity1011 , ALT, AST, lipid spectrum at the first and subsequent visits. UA clearance and excreted UA fraction were calculated. UA level decreased from 569 +/- 109.5 to 442.8 +/-107.4 mcmol/l (p < 0.01) after 12 months of MF therapy. Normouricemia ( < 360 mcmol/l) was achieved in 11 @entity1 . Fasting @entity2690 level dropped by 35% (from 23.9 to 15.9 mcU/ml, p < 0.01), HOMA index from 6.5 to 3. 7(p < 0.01). Serum @entity413 , @entity165 , @entity1674 , and LDL @entity165 decreased while HDL @entity165 increased. Parameters of renal UA regulation and anthropometry remained unaltered. MF therapy resulted in a decrease of serum UA, @entity2690 , and the degree of IR. The hypouricemic effect of MF was unrelated to renal UA excretion, reduced AP and body weight. It is hypothesized that MF reduces production of UA in @entity1 with @entity210 due to inhibition of synthesis of free @entity1718 .

title: [Effect of XXXX on the clinical course of @entity210 and @entity2690 resistance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: In March 1989 we started a feasibility study of combined radio-chemotherapy in @entity1 with locally-advanced @entity135 . The first phase of treatment consisted of conventional radiotherapy (2 Gy/day, 5 days/week for a total dose of 70 Gy to @entity5 and +/- 50 Gy to nodes) and @entity900 (20 mg/m2, i.v., for 4 days) +5FU (200 mg/m2, i.v., for 4 days) every 4th week, during radiant sessions. The second phase of treatment was started about one month after the end of simultaneous chemotherapy and radiotherapy: @entity1 in complete remission received 1 more cycle of chemotherapy, as consolidation, while @entity1 in partial remission received two more cycles of chemotherapy. Non-responding @entity1 received no more chemotherapy. During the second phase the days of @entity900 and 5FU were 5. Up to April 1990, 17 @entity1 have been included in the study. They were stage III (64%) and IV (36%). The mean administered dose of radiotherapy was 66 Gy (range: 60-70 Gy) to @entity5 and 60 Gy (range: 40-70 Gy) to nodes. The total number of chemotherapy cycles administered during radiant sessions was 37, the mean number of cycles was 2 (range: 1-3), with 100% dose percentage. The interval between cycles was 3 weeks in 84% of @entity1 . The relationship between number of cycles administered and planned cycle was 37/39 (feasibility: 95%). Acceptability was 100% (no @entity1 refused the treatment). Feasibility of the second phase was 77% and acceptability 90% (1 @entity1 refused the treatment). @entity137 was moderate during the first and the second phases. After the first phase 14/15 evaluable @entity1 (92%) had major response (complete remission: 46%). After the second phase 10/10 evaluable @entity1 had a complete remission. In conclusion, this combined treatment is very easy to administer, and very well accepted. Moreover, it yields a high number of objective responses.

title: [Radiotherapy plus a combination of XXXX and 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced @entity135 . Study of feasibility and preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superior @entity6029 (SMAS) is a rare condition causing acute or chronic compression of the third part of the duodenum, due to a reduction in the aortomesenteric angle. Traditionally, an open duodenojejunostomy is recommended when conservative management fails. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a minimally invasive option that has been reported in up to 10 cases. We describe our operative technique in one case and review the literature on this condition. METHODS: A previously well 66-year-old @entity1 presented with acute @entity6676 . An abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan and oral Gastrografin meal revealed a @entity384 and proximal duodenum due to compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta. RESULTS: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) ruled out intraluminal causes. A laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was performed when conservative management failed. Postoperative recovery was quick and uneventful. @entity3989 administration on the fifth day showed no leak, with free flow of contrast into the jejunum. The @entity1 resumed a normal diet and remained asymptomatic at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is feasible, safe, and effective. It gives the same results as open surgery with all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.

title: Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for superior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated stomach']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['Gastrografin']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery syndrome']


abstract: @entity85 has been proposed in the past as a major determinant of lectin-mediated agglutination of cells. In this paper we have evaluated the correlation between deformability and Con A-agglutinability of @entity1 erythrocytes by subjecting them to agents that alter either one of the properties and evaluating the effect on the other property. The following results have been obtained: (i) Treatment with pronase or trypsin, which makes the Con A-nonagglutinable normal red cells highly agglutinable, has practically no effect on deformability; while neuraminidase treatment, with a similar effect on agglutinability, produces a small but statistically significant reduction in deformability. (ii) @entity13131 treatment, on the other hand, produces a @entity353 in the deformability of pronase-treated erythrocytes but has no effect on the Con A-agglutinability of the cells. @entity9310 also reduces deformability but without altering the agglutinability, (iii) @entity2644 , at 2 x 10(-5) M, does not have any effect on the deformability of trypsinized cells, but increases the agglutinability substantially. When the Con A-agglutinability of the cells and their deformability after these treatments are compared, a correlation coefficient r = -0.353 (P greater than 0.1) is obtained. This indicates the lack of any direct correlation between the two parameters, and rules out any significant role of deformability in the determination of Con A-agglutinability of erythrocytes. The agglutination with the lectin is completely reversed by @entity6042 , the specific inhibitory sugar for Con A, also ruling out any secondary role for deformability in the non-lectin-mediated stabilization of clumps. Upon incubation of normal erythrocytes with Con A. a dose-dependent decrease in deformability is observed, with the deformability index falling to almost 25% of the normal value with 500 microgram/ml Con A. This indicates that Con A binding to its receptor produces changes in the membrane probably by altering properties of the membrane skeleton.

title: Relationship between the concanavalin A-agglutinability and deformability of XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity9310 :: ('CHEBI:39352', 'Chemical') :: ['Dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reduction']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity6042 :: ('MESH:C008466', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl alpha-D-mannoside']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Cellular deformability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine the importance of water-borne and water-washed transmission of @entity294 we compared the degree of contamination of @entity1 's hands and drinking water with their diarrhoeal morbidity. Diarrhoeal incidence in 137 @entity1 aged 1-6 years was obtained through fortnightly home visits during the calendar year 1985. Bacterial contamination of hands and drinking water was assessed semi-quantitatively by direct contact using agar-coated slides incorporating a selective medium permitting growth of Enterobacteriaceae (Hygicult, Orion Diagnostica, Finland). Results were expressed as 2-day mean log of colony forming units per gram (cfu/g). @entity1 were studied in two densely populated urban areas: 56 @entity1 in one area with latrines and tubewells and 81 @entity1 in the other without such facilities. Mean @entity294 attack rates were lower in the better sanitary area (2.5 vs 3.2, P less than 0.05) as were mean log levels of water contamination (3.1 cfu/g vs 4.3 cfu/g, P less than 0.001). There was no significant correlation between water contamination and diarrhoeal incidence on an individual basis. However, in both areas @entity294 incidence was significantly correlated with the degree of contamination of hands. After adjusting for age the risk of @entity294 increased significantly for @entity1 with more contaminated hands in the unimproved area. This relationship strongly supports the promotion of handwashing as a method of controlling @entity66 and, by implication, the greater importance of water quantity compared to quality.

title: Transmission of XXXX in two crowded areas with different sanitary facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: @entity5074 prophylaxis is common following lung transplantation, but the value of therapeutic drug monitoring is unknown. A prospective, observational study of lung transplant recipients (n = 93) receiving @entity5074 prophylaxis was performed. Serum @entity5074 troughs (n = 331) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The median initial and subsequent troughs were 1.91 and 1.46  g/ml, respectively. The age of the @entity1 directly correlated with initial troughs (P = 0.005). @entity1 that were >=  60 years old and @entity1577 @entity1 were significantly more likely to have higher and lower initial troughs, respectively. In 95% (88/93) of @entity1 , >=  2 troughs were measured. In 28% (25/88) and 32% (28/88) of these @entity1 , all troughs were  <= 1.5  g/ml or >1.5  g/ml, respectively. Ten percent (10/93) and 27% (25/93) of the @entity1 developed invasive @entity364 (tracheobronchitis) and fungal colonization, respectively. The median troughs at the times of positive and negative fungal cultures were 0.92 and 1.72  g/ml (P = 0.07). Invasive @entity364 or colonization were more likely with troughs of  <= 1.5  g/ml (P = 0.01) and among @entity1 with no trough of >1.5  g/ml (P = 0.007). Other cutoff troughs correlated less strongly with microbiologic outcomes. Troughs correlated directly with @entity492 transferase levels (P = 0.003), but not with other liver enzymes. @entity5074 was discontinued due to suspected @entity137 in 27% (25/93) of the @entity1 . The troughs did not differ at the times of suspected drug-induced hepatotoxicity, central nervous system (CNS) @entity137 , or @entity390 / @entity391 and in the absence of @entity137 . @entity5074 prophylaxis was most effective at troughs of >1.5  g/ml. A cutoff for @entity137 was not identified, but troughs of >4  g/ml were rare. The data support a target range of >1.5 to 4  g/ml.

title: Prospective, observational study of @entity5074 therapeutic drug monitoring among lung transplant recipients receiving prophylaxis: factors impacting levels of and associations between serum troughs, efficacy, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to measure the baseline urinary excretion of @entity842 metabolites and their changes after an oral @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and after a short-course with a low-dose @entity20805 treatment in @entity1 with I-II stages of @entity2316 . METHODS: eleven @entity1 with early diagnosis of @entity1723 and with poor metabolic control were studied. Urinary excretion of @entity842 metabolites (UENOm) and renal functional reserve with @entity10817 clearance were measured, before and after an @entity697 both in baseline form and after 15 days with @entity20805 treatment. RESULTS: In pre-treatment period the UENOm was 1113 +/- 797 and after @entity697 was 1800.10 +/- 1329.07 nmol\mL\minute (ns). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 159.5 +/- 42.1 and post- @entity697 was 149.3 +/- 41.2 mL/minute 1.73 m2 (ns). Post- @entity20805 treatment, UENOm 2316.30 +/- 1392 and after @entity697 was 1514.49 +/- 685 nmol\mL\minute (ns). GFR pre- @entity697 was 119.6 +/- 28.8 mL/minute 1.73 m2, p<0.03 versus GFR baseline precaptopril) and post- @entity697 was 135.0 +/- 15.0 ml/minute 1.73 m2, p<0.05 versus GFR baseline post- @entity20805 ). The renal plasmatic flow and the filtration fraction did not have significative changes. CONCLUSIONS: the renal functional reserve was restored with @entity20805 despite the poor metabolic control. It is difficult to identify if the basal UENOm were elevated because, the normal values were unknown in association with the poor metabolic control. And it's interesting that the @entity20805 decreases the GRF and the UENOm rises without correlation with or without renal functional reserve and changes in UENOm.

title: [Increase glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of XXXX metabolites in diabetes. Modification with low @entity20805 doses treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute protein load']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['iothalamate']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: GOALS: We aim to present a data detailing our success with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and to provide a simple treatment protocol. BACKGROUND: Relapse is a common problem in @entity1 treated for @entity2718 infection, often requiring prolonged courses of oral @entity2176 with limited alternative treatment options. Administration of the entire fecal flora from a healthy individual to restore beneficial physiological species is referred to as @entity8 (also termed fecal bacteriotherapy or stool transplant). Although introduced over 50 years ago with high cure rates in published case series, @entity8 is neither routine practice nor widely available to @entity1 . STUDY: Twenty-six @entity1 with relapsing @entity2718 infection underwent @entity8 over a 28-month period. @entity8 was performed during colonoscopy by direct infusion of minimally processed donor stool. RESULTS: Twenty-four female and 2 male @entity1 underwent @entity8 . The mean duration of @entity6659 was 12.6 months (range, 4 to 84 mo) before @entity8 . These @entity1 have been followed for a mean duration of 10.7 months (range, 2 to 30 mo). Twenty-four @entity1 have remained free of significant @entity294 or @entity6659 . One experienced loose stool and resumed @entity2176 despite remaining @entity2718 negative; she developed @entity6659 recurrence 11 months post- @entity8 after taking cephalexin. Another had @entity294 2 months post- @entity8 . Stool was not tested for @entity2718 ; she received 1 week of @entity2176 and @entity6659 did not recur after this. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 through colonoscopy was simple, safe, and 92% effective in preventing further @entity294 or @entity6659 relapse in this group of 26 @entity1 with recurrent @entity6659 .

title: Fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing XXXX infection in 26 @entity1 : methodology and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FMT', 'fecal microbiota transplantation']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: The incidence and prognostic significance of micrometastases (Mic-Met) in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) is still controversial. We compared Mic-Met detection of invasive @entity189 (IMCs) in axillary LNs using second review of @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E)-stained slides and immunohistochemistry (IHC) relating them with features of the @entity5 , and determining their influence on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS). We studied 188 cases of IMCs with no axillary metastases in the initial reports. The original H_E slides of LN were re-viewed and new sections were submitted for IHC using pancytokeratin ( @entity2278 ). All primary @entity0 were re-viewed and classified according to Page et al (1998) and College of American Pathologists criteria (2000). @entity5 were graded using the Nottingham grading system. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate @entity1349 and DFS of 147 @entity1 . Mic-Met detection was correlated to histologic features of @entity5 (size, type, grade, @entity3120 ). Mic-Met were detected in 26/188 cases (by IHC: 23/188, 12.2%; by H_E: 12/188, 6.4%). The re-view of H_E slides showed good specificity (98.2%), but low sensitivity (39.1%), when compared with IHC. There was no relationship between features of @entity5 and Mic-Met detection, including @entity1 with @entity1137 or IMCs with lobular features. There was no statistical difference in @entity1349 and DFS of @entity1 with and without Mic-Met, but @entity1 with Mic-Met presented lower survival curves. In conclusion, there was no relationship between histologic features of @entity5 and presence of Mic-Met, nor between Mic-Met detection and @entity1 survival.

title: Relationship between histologic features of primary XXXX and axillary lymph node micrometastases: Detection and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic/blood vessel invasion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinomas']


abstract: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are potent regulators of vascular remodeling and repair. Heparanase is the major enzyme capable of degrading heparan @entity597 in @entity1 cells. Here we examined the role of heparanase in controlling arterial structure, mechanics, and remodeling. In vitro studies supported that heparanase expression in endothelial cells serves as a negative regulator of endothelial inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) proliferation. @entity1545 were also modified by heparanase expression. @entity19 overexpressing heparanase had increased arterial @entity121 , cellular density, and mechanical compliance. Endovascular stenting studies in Zucker @entity35 demonstrated increased heparanase expression in the @entity8233 of @entity28 , hyperlipidemic @entity35 in comparison to lean @entity35 . The extent of heparanase expression within the @entity8233 strongly correlated with the neointimal @entity121 following injury. To test the effects of heparanase overexpression on arterial repair, we developed a novel @entity19 model of stent injury using small diameter self-expanding stents. Using this model, we found that increased neointimal formation and macrophage recruitment occurs in @entity19 overexpressing heparanase. Taken together, these results support a role for heparanase in the regulation of arterial structure, mechanics, and repair.

title: Heparanase alters arterial structure, mechanics, and repair following endovascular stenting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial structure and remodeling to injury']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Transgenic mice', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify useful prognostic factors in @entity1 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity201 . METHODS: The records of 36 @entity1 with @entity201 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Potential clinicopathological prognostic factors that may affect survival were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There was no mortality. Overall survival rates were 75%, 54%, and 50% for 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively (median survival time, 26 months). Univariate analysis found that age (>== 65 years), @entity788 , duodenal invasion, lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion and a positive surgical margin were significant predictors of poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, lymph node @entity3 was found to be a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis by multivariate analysis (P = 0.043). Moreover, there were significant differences in the 5-year survival between @entity1 with 2 or less involved lymph nodes and those with 3 or more positive nodes (P < 0.001). There were no 2-year survivors of the group of @entity1 with 3 or more positive nodes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence and number of lymph nodes exhibiting @entity3 might be useful in predicting the postsurgical outcome in @entity1 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity201 .

title: XXXX : prognostic impact of lymph node @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic invasion']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Pancreatoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of temporary tube stoma and conventional loop stoma for the protection of a low @entity254 in @entity14 . A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails. Primary outcome measures were @entity834 rate, the reoperation rate for @entity834 , and @entity532 . Secondary outcome measures were operation time, length of hospital stay, time to stoma closure, and permanent stoma rate. Four studies were carried out and 642 @entity1 (332 with temporary tube stoma and 310 with conventional loop stoma) met the inclusion criteria. The incidences of @entity834 and reoperation rate were statistically similar in tube stoma and loop stoma groups. In comparison with conventional loop stoma, temporary tube stoma was associated with a significantly less @entity532 (odds ratio = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.50), and shorter operation and hospital stay time (weighted mean difference = -47.28 minutes, 95% CI: -74.68 to -19.88; and weighted mean difference = -5.22 days, 95% CI: -10.32 to -0.13, respectively). Time to stoma closure was significantly shorter in the temporary tube stoma groups (weighted mean difference = -114.58 days, 95% CI: -148.38 to -80.77). @entity1 receiving temporary tube stoma had lower rates of @entity532 , shorter operation and hospital stay time, and stoma closure time. Tube can be easily removed without second surgery in most cases. Therefore, temporary tube stoma is a feasible and effective alternative to conventional loop stoma for the protection of a low colorectal @entity254 .

title: Temporary Tube Stoma versus Conventional Loop Stoma for the Protection of a Low XXXX in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['stoma-related complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore and analyze how marital relationships are affected by the crisis generated by the diagnosis and intensive regimens required in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHOD: A descriptive study with a qualitative data analysis was conducted. In-depth individual interviews were carried out with 18 married biological parents of @entity1 with @entity5 . Data was analyzed using an inductive content analysis. RESULTS: The following themes represented the couples' experiences: (1) Abrupt changes after the @entity1 's diagnosis resulting in marital strain and need to focus on the present; (2) United but distant; (3) Exchanging roles; (4) Being parents all the time; (5) Focusing on the positive side of the experience; (6) Rescuing the marital relationship. The marital relationship of parents with a @entity1 /adolescent who has @entity5 may undergo either positive or negative changes, with intimacy and sexuality being negatively affected by the disease. Although the relationship may be more fragile after the illness, increased mutual commitment was observed in some couples. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that health professionals should include parents as an important focus of their care. The establishment of solid bonds to enhance couples' communication is recommended as a way to provide anticipatory guidance to address the identified changes in marital relationships. The opportunities for dialog and partnership help couples to target their needs and recognize their strengths in order to mitigate the impact of a @entity1 's illness.

title: XXXX : Impact on parents' marital dynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood cancer']


abstract: The present study was designed to identify @entity2178 ( @entity2178 )-forming angiotensinogenases in @entity1 extrarenal vasculature and to examine the theory of Jim  nez D  as on their stimulation in essential @entity101 . Vascular sections obtained intraoperatively from 14 normotensive and 16 @entity101 @entity1 undergoing corrective surgery, 68 umbilical cord blood vessels from parturient @entity1 , tissue samples from nine explanted hearts, and serum from anephric and healthy individuals were investigated. @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenase activities were determined enzyme-kinetically by using @entity2178 radioimmunoassay and purified @entity742 or @entity1 angiotensinogens. Three nonrenin @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases (pH optima of 4.0, 5.1, and 6.1) were identified in extrarenal vasculature, in cardiac tissues, and in plasma. Highest specific activities of nonrenin @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenase (in nanograms @entity2178 per gram times hour; mean +/- SD) were found in cardiac tissue (2,821 +/- 497, n = 9), followed by carotid artery intima (1,448 +/- 982, n = 10), arteries (1,307 +/- 736, n = 18), and umbilical cord arteries (135 +/- 55, n = 35). Extrarenal arterial @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases were linearly correlated with those of local angiotensin converting enzyme and plasma @entity916 activity. In essential @entity101 , extrarenal arterial @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases were scattered, but not generally stimulated. The data obtained indicate the existence of nonrenin @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases in @entity1 extrarenal vasculature, in kidney, and in plasma. The postulate of stimulation of extrarenal arterial @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases in essential @entity101 cannot be supported. Similar to the classification of plasma @entity916 activity, a classification of @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenase activity is proposed, consisting of @entity1 with essential @entity101 divided into subgroups exhibiting high, normal, or low vascular @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenase activities.

title: Reninlike enzymes in XXXX vasculature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'Ang I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most currently known @entity0 predisposition genes play a role in DNA repair by homologous recombination. Recent studies conducted on @entity6545 paralogs, involved in the same DNA repair pathway, have identified rare germline mutations conferring @entity5344 predisposition in the @entity24717 , @entity32839 and @entity20822 genes. The present study analysed the five @entity6545 paralogs ( @entity24716 , @entity24717 , @entity32839 , @entity20822 , @entity20823 ) to estimate their contribution to @entity5344 predisposition. METHODS: The study was conducted on 142 unrelated @entity1 with @entity5344 either with early onset or with a @entity5344 family history. @entity1 were referred to a French family @entity5 clinic and had been previously tested negative for a @entity6069 mutation. Coding sequences of the five genes were analysed by EMMA (Enhanced Mismatch Mutation Analysis). Detected variants were characterized by Sanger sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Three splicing mutations and two likely deleterious missense variants were identified: @entity24716 @entity36235 , @entity24717 @entity36236 , @entity24717 @entity36237 , @entity24716 @entity36238 / @entity36239 and @entity20823 @entity36240 / @entity36241 . No @entity32839 and @entity20822 gene mutations were detected. These mutations and variants were detected in families with both @entity5344 , except for the @entity24716 @entity36238 / @entity36239 variant that occurred in a family with 3 @entity0 cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the first @entity24716 mutation in a @entity5344 family and is the first report of @entity20823 mutation analysis in @entity5344 . It confirms that @entity6545 paralog mutations confer @entity5344 predisposition and are rare events. In view of the low frequency of @entity6545 paralog mutations, international collaboration of family @entity5 clinics will be required to more accurately estimate their penetrance and establish clinical guidelines in carrier individuals.

title: Germline mutation in the @entity24716 gene confers predisposition to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancers', 'breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity36239 :: ('p|SUB|R|159|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg159Cys']

entities_list: @entity36241 :: ('p|SUB|R|150|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg150Cys']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Studies have highlighted that antenatal @entity230 could have an effect on neonatal skin maturation. This study examined if there was a relationship between the administration of antenatal glucocorticoids for mothers and the @entity272 in their neonates. Data from @entity272 audit were extracted from the neonatal database and analyzed to determine differences in the prevalence of neonates with pressure injuries [cases] whose mothers had received antenatal @entity230 , compared to those without pressure injuries [control]. RESULTS: Of 247 neonates audited, 77 [31%], had documented pressure injuries, 170 [69%] had no documented injury. The median birth weight and gestation were 1400g [IQR 893-2268 g] and 30.3 weeks [IQR 26.3-40.0 weeks] respectively. Of the neonates born less than 34 weeks, 80% were exposed to antenatal @entity230 and were equally distributed across @entity1 genders. Within the 77 cases, 53 [66%] were exposed to antenatal @entity230 compared to controls in which 88 [53%] had not. The effect between cases and controls was not statistically significant [  2=2.81, P=0.09]. However a difference was noted between genders, as female neonates benefited from the exposure to @entity230 [OR=0.317, 95% [CI 0.105-0.956], p value -0.041]. CONCLUSION: Antenatal glucocorticoids appear to be beneficial in reducing @entity130 prevalence in female neonates.

title: Significance of antenatal glucocorticoid exposure for XXXX prevalence in neonates.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pressure injury']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury', 'skin injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pressure injury']


abstract: The hearts of 28 necropsy cases with @entity384 and 10 control cases were analysed to elucidate the role of @entity2401 and @entity82 in @entity384 ( @entity384 ). The extent of @entity82 and myocyte diameter were measured in the transverse sections of the left ventricle. The degree and pattern of @entity82 varied widely from case to case. The @entity384 cases were then classified into 3 groups: 1) Group Ia, 8 cases with mild diffuse @entity82 ; 2) Group Ib, 9 cases with severe diffuse @entity82 and 3) Group II, 11 cases with segmental @entity82 . @entity296 and @entity1184 were significantly more prominent in Groups Ib and II than in the control group (p less than 0.01), but no differences were observed between Group Ia and the control group. Thus, it is reasonable to attribute the chronic CHF and @entity384 in Groups Ib and II to the extensive @entity296 . In contrast, it is not reasonable to attribute the chronic CHF and @entity384 in Group Ia to @entity296 . Focal lymphoid cell infiltration was graded to assess inflammatory changes. Group II showed more prominent inflammatory changes than the other 2 groups (p less than 0.05). Thus, it is possible that @entity2401 is an etiologic factor for @entity384 with a segmental pattern of @entity82 .

title: The role of @entity2401 and XXXX in @entity384 . Analysis of 28 necropsy cases.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'LV dilatation', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial fibrosis']


abstract: AIMS: Several case reports have demonstrated negative interactions between various physiotherapy modalities and @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Fear of these potential interactions may lead to suboptimal utilization of physiotherapy treatments in @entity299 @entity1 . No prior review of available guidelines, or management strategies, on the interaction between physiotherapy modalities and @entity299 @entity1 has been reported. To review existing guidelines regarding the use of physiotherapy modalities in @entity1 with pacemakers and/or @entity737 ( @entity737 ). To retrospectively analyse @entity299 @entity1 encounters at a local physiotherapy facility during a period of 2 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: A review of the literature regarding the potential interactions between physiotherapy modalities and CRDs was performed. Next, a 2 year retrospective analysis of @entity1 encounters at a physiotherapy facility was conducted. In addition, seven international physiotherapy societies and four @entity299 manufacturers were surveyed with respect to recommendations regarding physiotherapy treatments in device @entity1 . The local physiotherapy facility treated 25 @entity1 with @entity299 (22 pacemaker and 3 @entity1479 @entity1 ) for a total of 230 visits (9.2 visits/ @entity1 ). Five @entity1 received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and all 25 were administered additional treatment in the form of ultrasound (15), acupuncture (19), Laser (7), traction/manual therapy (12), exercise (8), education (18), taping (5), and/or moist heat (5). No complications occurred. Meanwhile, international societies and device manufacturers offered few specific or consistent recommendations. CONCLUSION: There are no specific international policies regarding the administration of physiotherapy modalities in @entity299 @entity1 and, thus, there are no specific guidelines to be implemented at the local level. Review of the literature and of recommendations from @entity299 manufacturers suggests that TENS, Diathermy, and Interferential Electrical Current Therapy are best avoided in @entity1 with CRDs. However, there is no consensus and it may be possible to safely deliver these modalities in a proper setting with device and @entity1 monitoring. Although further research is required in this regard, active collaboration between physiotherapists and @entity299 clinic physicians should allow for the safe application of most physiotherapy modalities.

title: Physiotherapy and XXXX : a review of the current scope of practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'cardiac rhythm devices']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac rhythm devices']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristic features and the treatment of @entity706 . METHODS: Between 1996 to 2008, the clinical and imaging features, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects, prognosis and results of treatments in 32 @entity1 with ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: This group included 22 males and 10 females. The ages ranged from 23 to 74 years and the average age was 64.1 years. Number of @entity5 located in the conjunctiva, the orbit and the lacrimal apparatus was 18/32 (56.3%); 9/32 (28.1%) and 5/32 (15.6%), respectively. B ultrasound examination showed hyperechoic masses (28.1%, 9/32), and the echo was not uniformed (84.4%, 27/32). CT examination showed a medium (43.8 +/- 10.7) HU and uniform density (84.6%, 22/26). The signal patterns in MRI tended to be isointense in T1-, T2-weighted imaging (66.67%, 6/9; 88.89%, 8/9). After image examination, all of the 32 cases underwent surgical resection combined with radiotherapy. These cases were followed up from 1 to 12 years. The relapse rate was 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Image examination is useful for the diagnosis of @entity706 . Pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations can confirm the diagnosis of @entity706 . @entity1074 has a good prognosis after surgical resection combined with radiotherapy.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'ocular adnexal lymphoma']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma']