abstract: While certain plasma-derived factor VIII/ @entity2880 factor ( @entity2801 / @entity2881 ) concentrates have proven to be quite useful in preventing or controlling @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity2880 who are not candidates for DDAVP, most of the information concerning dosage and effectiveness has been anecdotal. Additionally, the laboratory tests used to quantify @entity2881 (the @entity2881 :RCoF assay and collagen binding assay) are not well standardized. Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been reluctant to grant licensed indication for use of these products in @entity2880 . This brief report describes a survey of non-US physicians (from major centres) who are recognized experts in @entity447 and @entity2880 . Twenty-four of 27 questionnaires were completed, returned and analysed. Products thought to be effective in @entity2880 included Haemate P, @entity2880 , @entity2882 , and the UK's BPL '8Y'. In calculating dosage to stop or prevent @entity548 , most aim for a certain level of both FVII and @entity2881 :RCoF. Postoperatively, 16/24 respondents follow both of these laboratory tests once daily. Twenty-two of 24 would follow @entity2801 levels once daily. It is noteworthy that @entity2801 assay results are generally the only test results readily available to guide the respondents' clinical decisions. For treatment of significant mucous membrane @entity548 , respondents often individualize dosage and monitoring, depending on the type, location and extent of @entity548 . @entity360 is generally treated more aggressively. @entity1 monitoring varies between merely looking for cessation of @entity548 , to a battery of laboratory tests, including haemoglobin and haematocrit. Seven out of 24 would monitor BT as well. In addition to @entity2801 content, 22/24 respondents noted that they would find it helpful to have @entity2881 :RCoF listed on the label, while 15/24 would like to know the @entity2881 multimeric composition.

title: Clinical guidelines for treating XXXX @entity1 who are not candidates for DDAVP--a survey of European physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity2882 :: ('MESH:C509423', 'Chemical') :: ['Alphanate']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease', 'Facteur von Willebrand', 'von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a set of auditable standards applicable to physicians working in the area of gynecological oncology, which could be implemented as accreditation criteria for the revalidation procedure. DESIGN: A 3-round Delphi consultation exercise. SETTING: British Gynaecological @entity5 Society (BGCS) members and delegates at the 2006 and 2007 Annual BGCS conferences Population 35 BGCS members, 72 delegates attending the 2006 BGCS conference and 120 delegates attending the 2007 conference. METHODS: A preliminary Delphi consultation of members was performed electronically to determine the contents of the final Delphi questionnaires. Prioritization was achieved by scoring each parameter on a 5-point Likert scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The mean score awarded to each benchmarking parameter and the identification of parameters scoring 4 or above 75% or more of the respondents. RESULTS: The first round contained responses from 68 @entity1 in stage 1 and 72 in stage 2. The second round included 120 @entity1 . Nine of the auditable standards in first round and 10 in the second round achieved a score of 4 or above 75% or more of the @entity1 and were therefore considered to be essential for revalidation. The selected criteria focused on an individual clinician's caseload and performance, multidisciplinary team working and continued professional development. CONCLUSIONS: This study has used the Delphi technique to identify auditable standards which could be used in the revalidation process of physicians working in the area of gynecological @entity5 .

title: The British Gynaecological XXXX Society Delphi consultation exercise on expected standards of practice for doctors specializing in the area of gynecological oncology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Leptin acts via its receptor ( @entity18070 ) to regulate neural circuits in concert with body energy stores. In addition to acting on a number of hypothalamic structures, leptin modulates the mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) system. To determine the sites at which @entity18070 neurons might directly influence the mesolimbic DA system, we examined the distribution of @entity18070 neurons and their projections within mesolimbic brain regions. Although the ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains DA @entity18070 neurons, @entity18070 neurons are absent from the amygdala and striatum. Also, @entity18070 -EGFPf @entity19 (which label projections from @entity18070 neurons throughout the brain) reveal that few @entity18070 neurons project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In contrast, the central amygdala (CeA) and its rostral extension receive copious projections from @entity18070 neurons. Indeed, @entity18070 -specific anterograde tracing demonstrates (and retrograde tracing confirms) that VTA @entity18070 neurons project to the extended CeA (extCeA) but not the NAc. Consistently, leptin promotes @entity268 response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the extCeA, but not NAc, of @entity942 animals. Furthermore, @entity19 expressing the trans-synaptic tracer @entity3505 germ agglutinin in @entity18070 neurons reveal the innervation of CeA @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript (CART) neurons by @entity18070 neurons, and leptin suppresses the increased CeA CART expression of @entity942 animals. Thus, @entity18070 VTA neurons represent a subclass of VTA DA neurons that specifically innervates and controls the extCeA; we hypothesize that these neurons primarily modulate CeA-directed behaviors.

title: Ventral tegmental area leptin receptor neurons specifically project to and regulate XXXX - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript neurons of the extended central amygdala.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['leptin-deficient']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity233 @entity18038 (TPL) was purified from delipidated pancreases. Some biochemical properties and kinetic studies were determined using emulsified system and monomolecular film techniques. Those studies have shown that despite the accumulation of free @entity1718 at the olive oil/water interface, TPL continues to hydrolyse efficiently the olive oil and the TC4 in the absence of colipase and @entity3645 , contrary to most classical digestive lipases which denaturate rapidly under the same conditions. The aim of the present study was to express TPL in the methylotrophic @entity375 @entity10056 in order to get a large amount of this enzyme exhibiting interesting biochemical properties, to purify and characterize the recombinant enzyme. RESULTS: The recombinant TPL was secreted into the culture medium and the expression level reached about 15 mg/l after 4 days of culture. Using Q-PCR, the number of expression cassette integrated on Pichia genomic DNA was estimated to 5. The purified rTPL, with molecular mass of 50 kDa, has a specific activity of 5300 U/mg on emulsified olive oil and 9500 U/mg on @entity18039 . The optimal temperature and pH of rTPL were 37  C and pH 8.5. The stability, reaction kinetics and effects of @entity460 ions and @entity3645 were also determined. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the expressed TPL have the same properties as the native TPL previously purified. This result allows us the use of the recombinant enzyme to investigate the TPL structure-function relationships.

title: Purification and characterization of the first recombinant bird XXXX expressed in @entity10056 : the @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity18038 :: (100126602(Tax:9103),Gene) :: ['pancreatic lipase']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective radiographic study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the axial plane lumbar responses after anterior selective @entity1514 fusion (STF) in @entity1 with main @entity1514 adolescent @entity2112 (MT- @entity1984 ). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Anterior @entity1635 surgery induces more MT derotation through disc preparation than posterior surgery. METHODS: Twenty-eight MT- @entity1984 @entity1 treated with STF were evaluated after a minimum follow-up (FU) of 2 years. The MT and lumbar coronal angles, as well as the MT and lumbar rotational angles at the most rotated vertebrae were measured. RESULTS: At the last FU, the MT coronal correction and derotation rates were 65% and 41%, respectively. The lumbar coronal correction rate was 61% but there was minimal lumbar derotation (2%). Nine cases were decompensated (coronal balance >10 mm). After surgery, the compensated and decompensated groups showed similar MT coronal and axial correction rates. During the FU, the MT and lumbar apecies rotated in the same direction (r=0.443). In addition, significant MT derotation occurred in the decompensated group with increasing lumbar rotational correction loss. At the last FU, while the MT coronal correction was similar between the two groups, there was more MT derotation in the decompensated group. Furthermore, the MT rotational change was strongly associated with the coronal C7 plumb line position (r=0.728). CONCLUSIONS: After anterior STF in @entity1 with MT- @entity1984 , the final MT derotation is strongly associated with the coronal C7 plumb line position. During the FU, the excessive MT derotation in the decompensated group was attributed to excessive lumbar rotational correction loss.

title: Axial plane lumbar responses after anterior selective @entity1514 fusion for main @entity1514 adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The introduction of an electronic brachytherapy delivery system into an existing general dermatology practice is described. Radiobiologic rational for the dose fractionation schedule is detailed. DESIGN: A miniaturized 50keV x-ray tube and delivery system are United States Food and Drug Administration cleared for @entity1489 . The device is introduced into an existing multi-physician dermatology practice in a standard unshielded treatment room. SETTING: A multi-site, multi-physician dermatology practice Results: Fifteen months following introduction of the system, a total of 524 @entity1489 @entity1 have been treated. At 12.5 months follow-up, there have been four recurrences and cosmesis has been excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in radiobiology and radiotechnology permit the treatment course to be given in eight fractions over four weeks. Radiation therapy for @entity1489 can now be given in an office setting as an alternative to Mohs surgery for appropriately selected @entity1 . Results are comparable or better than those of surgery. Advances in radiobiology and radiotechnology permit the treatment course to be given in as few as eight fractions over four weeks. @entity1 are pleased with the convenience of the short course of therapy given in the office.

title: Incorporation of Electronic Brachytherapy for XXXX into a Community Dermatology Practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to optimize the potential benefits of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation for the treatment of @entity179 , it is necessary to understand their biological characteristics. Although @entity2252 transduction strategies are promising, alternative approaches such as the modulation of intrinsic @entity2252 expression by NSCs, could also be beneficial. Therefore, utilizing the C17.2 neural stem cell line, we have examined the expression of selected neurotrophic factors under different in vitro conditions. In view of recent evidence suggesting a role for the pineal hormone @entity2493 in vertebrate development, it was also of interest to determine whether its G protein-coupled @entity4911 and @entity13498 receptors are expressed in NSCs. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis revealed robust expression of @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ), @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in undifferentiated cells maintained for two days in culture. After one week, differentiating cells continued to exhibit high expression of @entity2252 and NGF, but @entity6352 expression was lower or absent, depending on the culture conditions utilized. @entity2493 @entity4911 receptor mRNA was detected in NSCs maintained for two days in culture, but the @entity13498 receptor was not seen. An immature @entity4911 receptor of about 30 kDa was detected by western blotting in NSCs cultured for two days, whereas a mature receptor of about 40 - 45 kDa was present in cells maintained for longer periods. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that the @entity4911 receptor is expressed in both neural (beta-tubulin III positive) and glial (GFAP positive) progenitor cells. An examination of the effects of @entity2493 on @entity2252 expression revealed that low physiological concentrations of this hormone caused a significant induction of @entity6352 mRNA expression in NSCs following treatment for 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic characteristics of C17.2 cells suggest that they are a heterogeneous population of NSCs including both neural and glial progenitors, as observed under the cell culture conditions used in this study. These NSCs have an intrinsic ability to express neurotrophic factors, with an apparent suppression of @entity6352 expression after several days in culture. The detection of @entity2493 receptors in neural stem/progenitor cells suggests involvement of this pleiotropic hormone in @entity1 neurodevelopment. Moreover, the ability of @entity2493 to induce @entity6352 expression in C17.2 cells supports a functional role for the @entity4911 receptor expressed in these NSCs. In view of the potency of @entity6352 in promoting the survival of dopaminergic neurons, these novel findings have implications for the utilization of @entity2493 in neuroprotective strategies, especially in @entity191 .

title: Neural stem cells express @entity2493 receptors and neurotrophic factors: colocalization of the XXXX receptor with neuronal and glial markers.

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF', 'neurotrophin']

answer: @entity4911 :: (644314,Gene) :: ['MT1']


abstract: Summary. Progressive @entity1635 with @entity530 in early childhood of @entity1 with @entity4574 is a common feature in this disease. Spinal surgery in @entity121 should be carried out as soon as a progressive curve of more then 20 Celsius Cobb and a preserved FVC of 20-30% is proved. In later stages or severe forms of @entity4574 spinal stabilization becomes often impossible due to the @entity1576 , the poor general condition and the severity of the @entity1635 with marked @entity530 . A special telescope rod was developed in order to enable a lengthening of this instrumentation during growth for @entity1 treated in early childhood. In 15 of 20 @entity1 with @entity4574 in early childhood not satisfactory results after telescope rod implantation were observed. In spite of the telescope technique crankshaft phenomenon appeared and curve progression were observed. So then we stopped telescope rod implantation. This instrumentation could be in principle a good therapeutical tool for this indication, but its technical manufacturing has firstly to be improved decisively. For @entity4574 @entity1 younger than 10 years with progressive @entity1635 our therapeutic recommendation is nowadays a corset until the age of 10-12 years followed by definitive surgical correction using other multisegmental instrumentation like the Isola(R) system.

title: Treatment of @entity1635 in intermediate spinal muscular atrophy ( XXXX ) in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['SMA type II', 'SMA II']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['increasing pelvic obliquity', 'pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

answer: @entity4574 :: (MESH:D014897,Disease) :: ['SMA type II']


abstract: Among @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 , recurrent @entity63 and @entity943 detected on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring remain common events that are associated with worse outcomes. The relative clinical significance of both events together is not well described. We determined the risk associated with @entity63 (>= 1 mm ST @entity308 lasting >= 1 minutes) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) (>= 4 beats) detected on 7-day continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 6,355 @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 from the Metabolic Efficiency with @entity16590 for Less @entity63 in Non-ST-elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome-Thrombolysis In @entity583 (MERLIN-TIMI) 36 trial. The @entity1 were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of @entity1165 and @entity63 . @entity65 , @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ), @entity583 , and recurrent @entity63 were assessed during a median follow-up of 348 days. A total of 60.0% @entity1 had no @entity1165 or @entity63 , 20.0% had @entity1165 alone, 14.7% had @entity63 alone, and 5.3% had both. The @entity1 with either @entity1165 or @entity63 were at increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The combination of @entity63 and @entity1165 identified a particularly high-risk population for @entity65 (10.1% vs 3.0%, p <0.001), @entity1164 (7.8% vs 0.9%, p <0.001), and @entity583 (15.4% vs 6.2%, p <0.001) compared to @entity1 with neither. The addition of @entity943 and @entity63 significantly improved the clinical model for predicting @entity65 or @entity1164 (p <0.001). In @entity1 with both @entity63 and @entity1165 , 66.6% of @entity1164 occurred within 90 days of the non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 . In conclusion, in >6,300 @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 , the presence of @entity741 or @entity1165 alone, and particularly in combination, was independently associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes and thus provides incremental improvement in early risk stratification.

title: @entity741 and XXXX on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and risk of cardiovascular outcomes after non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 Trial).

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16590 :: ('MESH:C055512', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranolazine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'Cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK Multicentre @entity439 Screening Study (MASS) demonstrated reduced mortality from screening for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). As a result, the National Health Service @entity1028 Screening Programme was introduced in England. This study reports the results from an early-implementation screening centre. METHODS: @entity1 aged 65 years were invited to attend an ultrasound assessment. Data were analysed for 15 months from the onset of the screening programme. RESULTS: A total of 6091 @entity1 aged 65 years were invited between April 2009 and June 2010, of whom 2037 (33  4 per cent) failed to attend. There were 162 self-referrals (median age 71  3 years) so that 4216 @entity1 were screened. Of those scanned, 4146 (98  3 per cent) had an aortic diameter of less than 3  0 cm, 65 (1  5 per cent) had an @entity439 measuring 3  0-5  4 cm, and five (0  1 per cent) had an @entity439 with a diameter of 5  5 cm and above. The presence of an @entity439 was more common in those who self-referred than in the invited group (P < 0  001). All 70 screen-detected @entity439 were found in white @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1028 was lower than expected. This reflects the younger age of this cohort compared with those in published large multicentre studies and the diverse ethnic background of the local population.

title: First-year results of a national XXXX screening programme in a single centre.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, an unusual case of @entity932 is presented. It is spontaneous @entity548 , the complication of @entity1252 . In this case, a 29-year-old female presented with @entity391 and continuous @entity10 and computed tomography revealed the right frontal @entity4282 . The @entity1 had been diagnosed @entity1252 one year ago. Together, these observations indicated that the @entity1 needs a surgery to reduce the intracranial pressure. Following surgery, the symptoms were eradicated but 7 hours later after surgery the review head CT showed that @entity548 . According to the surgery index, we decided to give the @entity1 non-operative treatment and the @entity932 was under control. We thought this was the surgery complication but it's not. On the eighth day after surgery, the @entity1 had a @entity10 again and head CT revealed that @entity548 . But this time we just gave non-operative treatment and especially added the dose of glucocorticosteroid. 12 days later, the @entity1 's symptoms were under control and she was discharged from hospital. We also reviewed the literature about spontaneous @entity548 and @entity4282 .

title: XXXX complicated by @entity1252 : one case report.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['parietal and temporal epidural hematoma', 'bilateral epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['left epidural hemorrhage', 'epidural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['sudden headache with vomiting', 'headache']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous epidural hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional pneumonectomy via posterolateral thoracotomy is not always possible in cases with T4 @entity5 with @entity358 . Our objective is to present our surgical experiments in cases with a hilar mass who were thought to have @entity358 , in whom we performed intrapericardial pneumonectomy through median sternotomy. METHOD: Nine cases who had undergone intrapericardial pneumonectomy via median sternotomy were included in this study and evaluated retrospectively. These cases were thought to have right or left @entity358 in preoperative evaluation. RESULTS: Two cases had right and seven cases left pneumonectomy. Based on @entity2802 classification, two @entity1 were Stage IIB, two Stage IIIA and five Stage IIIB in postoperative histopathological examination. Either right or left main @entity358 was seen in IIIB cases while invasion was limited to the pericardium in the others. Lymph node involvement was detected in seven cases while six cases were N1, and one case was N2. There was no operative mortality. CONCLUSION: Standard posterolateral thoracotomy might not be possible in all cases, particularly in @entity1 with @entity5 invading the main pulmonary artery. In such @entity1 an intrapericardial approach with median sternotomy provides an easier and safer alternative while making it possible to have wider lymph node dissection. Furthermore, if necessary, hemi-clamshell incision can easily be added to this approach.

title: Resection via median sternotomy in XXXX with lung cancer invading the main pulmonary artery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hilar tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['widespread pulmonary artery invasion', 'pulmonary artery invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development of new immunization strategies requires a better understanding of early molecular and cellular events occurring at the site of injection. The skin is particularly rich in immune cells and represents an attractive site for vaccine administration. Here, we specifically targeted vaccine antigens to epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) using a fusion protein composed of @entity778 antigens and a monoclonal antibody targeting @entity9184 . We developed a fluorescence imaging approach to visualize, in vivo, the vaccine-targeted cells. Studies were performed in non- @entity1 primates (NHPs) because of their relevance as a model to assess @entity1 vaccines. We directly demonstrated that in NHPs, intradermally injected anti- @entity9184 -HIVGag specifically targets epidermal LCs and induces rapid changes in the LC network, including LC activation and migration out of the epidermis. Vaccine targeting of LCs significantly improved anti- @entity778 immune response without requirement of an adjuvant. Although the co-injection of the TLR-7/8 synthetic ligand, @entity9185 (resiquimod), with the vaccine, did not enhance significantly the antibody response, it stimulated recruitment of HLA-DR+ inflammatory cells to the site of immunization. This study allowed us to characterize the dynamics of early local events following the injection of a vaccine-targeted epidermal LCs and R-848. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Intradermal injection of an anti- XXXX -HIVGag fusion vaccine targets epidermal Langerhans cells in non- @entity1 primates and can be tracked in vivo.

answer: @entity9184 :: (50489,Gene) :: ['Langerin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is known to be associated with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) independently. Type 2 @entity9136 ( @entity9136 ), a recently defined syndrome, is characterized by a primary @entity177 that progressively leads to @entity299 . The effect of @entity6 on @entity9136 has not been explored in a multi-ethnic population. In this retrospective secondary analysis the hypothesis was tested if @entity6 modifies the effect of @entity65 on @entity740 . METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a cross sectional survey done on the non-institutionalized population of the United States. All @entity1 from the NHANES study, 20 years and older between the years 1999-2010 were included in the analysis. @entity740 was determined using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Analysis was performed using complex samples logistic regression to determine relationship of @entity6 on @entity9136 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity740 among the population was 9.6% in Non-Hispanic Whites, 8.9% in African-Americans, and 4.5% in Hispanics. The overall unadjusted odds ratio for @entity740 to no @entity740 was 6.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.13-7.75, p < 0.001). The adjusted OR was elevated, 2.25 (CI 1.56-3.23, p < 0.001), among individuals with @entity6 but close to 1.0 (1.43 CI 1.16-1.76, p < 0.05) among @entity1 without @entity6 after the results were controlled for medical risk factors and demographic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is strongly associated with Type 2 @entity9136 in a nationally representative multi-ethnic population and must be taken into special consideration when treating @entity1 . Longitudinal studies should further examine this association.

title: XXXX : Understanding the "Triple Threat".

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes and Cardiorenal Syndrome']


abstract: 1. The effects on blood pressure (BP) and plasma and pituitary prolactin ( @entity3695 ) of a 13 day intraperitoneal infusion of @entity2847 delivered by osmotic minipump were investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and their normotensive controls, the @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). 2. In the SHR, a fall in BP which was steepest over the initial few days and sustained up to day 12 was observed in the @entity2847 -treated group compared with the lack of a change in BP observed in the vehicle-treated group. The plasma @entity3695 level taken on day 13 was found to be significantly lower in the @entity2847 -treated group than in the vehicle-treated group. 3. In the WKY, @entity2847 had no significant effect on either BP or plasma @entity3695 . 4. Pituitary @entity3695 content was significantly lower in the SHR than in the WKY. The suppression by @entity2847 treatment was greater in the SHR than in the WKY. 5. These results provide further evidence for a central dopaminergic insufficiency in the SHR and raise the possibility that @entity3695 may, either directly or indirectly by interacting with other factors in the SHR, influence BP.

title: Plasma and pituitary prolactin and blood pressure in @entity2847 -treated spontaneously XXXX and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity39 has been considered a rare event. It is defined as the presence of diffuse dark pigmentation of the esophagus on upper endoscopy. Its incidence has not yet been established. The pathogenesis remains unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histological data, and of the clinical course of 11 @entity1 with @entity7592 was carried out over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Among 3,976 @entity1 who underwent upper endoscopy, 11 (0.28%) with @entity7592 were identified. Nutritional status was poor for 6 @entity1 . Complete resolution of @entity7592 without further recurrence was observed in 4. One @entity850 appeared during follow-up and other @entity1 developed new-onset @entity7592 . Seven @entity1 died, but no death was directly related to @entity7592 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity7592 in our series is 0.28%. Acute @entity39 is associated with high mortality rates.

title: [Acute XXXX : a retrospective case series].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute esophageal necrosis', 'acute necrotizing esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['esophageal necrosis']


abstract: Twelve multiparous Holstein @entity291 (145+/-9 d in milk) were randomly assigned to receive either 0 g/d of encapsulated @entity1670 (control diet; C) or 12 g/d of encapsulated @entity1670 (NI) and were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 7 d) or @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ; 7 d) conditions in climate-controlled chambers. The temperature-humidity index during TN conditions never exceeded 72, whereas @entity8291 conditions consisted of a circadian temperature range in which the temperature-humidity index exceeded 72 for 12 h/d. Measures of thermal status obtained 4 times/d included respiration rate (RR); rectal temperature; surface temperature of both shaved and unshaved areas at the rump, shoulder, and tail head; vaginal temperature; and evaporative @entity393 (EVHL) of the shoulder shaved and unshaved areas. @entity291 fed NI had increased free plasma @entity1670 concentrations in both the TN and @entity8291 periods (1.70 vs. 1.47+/-0.17 microg/mL). Milk yield did not differ between dietary groups or periods. Dry matter intake was not affected by NI, but decreased (3%) for both C and NI treatments during @entity8291 . Water intake was increased during @entity8291 in both treatments (C: 40.4 vs. 57.7+/-0.8L/d for TN and @entity8291 , respectively; NI: 52.7 vs. 57.7+/-0.8 L/d for TN and @entity8291 , respectively). Average EVHL for shaved and unshaved skin for C and NI treatments was higher during @entity8291 (90.1 vs. 108.1 g/m(2) per hour) than TN (20.7 vs. 15.7+/-4.9 g/m(2) per hour). Between 1000 and 1600 h, mean EVHL for shaved and unshaved areas for NI fed @entity291 was higher than for C fed @entity291 (106.9 vs. 94.4+/-4.9 g/m(2) per hour). The NI fed @entity291 had decreased rectal temperatures during @entity8291 compared with the C fed @entity291 (38.17 vs. 38.34+/-0.07 degrees C) and had lower vaginal temperatures (38.0 vs. 38.4+/-0.02 degrees C). Calculated metabolic rate decreased during @entity8291 regardless of diet (50.25 and 49.70+/-0.48 kcal/kg of body weight per day for TN and @entity8291 , respectively). Feeding NI increased free plasma NI levels, increased EVHL during peak thermal load, and was associated with a small but detectable reduction in rectal and vaginal temperatures in lactating dairy @entity291 experiencing a mild thermal load.

title: Effects of encapsulated @entity1670 on evaporative XXXX and body temperature in moderately heat-stressed lactating Holstein @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['heat stress', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['heat loss']


abstract: We treated twenty six @entity1 with thirty four @entity924 by not suturing the tendons and by early mobilization of the digit. These @entity924 varied from 25 to 95 per cent of the cross sectional area. The mean and median cross-sectional area lacerated was 60 per cent. Twenty three of these @entity1 obtained excellent function, one @entity1 obtained good to excellent function and one @entity1 obtained fair function. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. No @entity397 but one @entity1 did develop trigger finger which spontaneously resolved. @entity1795 should not be repaired and early active motion should be used if bevelling of the laceration is not present. Bevelled @entity924 of less than twenty five per cent of the cross sectional area can be either excised or repaired with a simple interrupted suture. If greater than twenty five per cent of the cross-sectional area is lacerated and bevelled, the laceration should be repaired with a few simple sutures. Regardless of the treatment of the tendon early active motion is necessary.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['partial tendon lacerations']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['Partial flexor tendon lacerations']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['partial tendon lacerations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct current (DC) ablation offers the potential for precise targeting of @entity5 and stimulation of the immune system, but has not achieved widespread use. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact on @entity5 size and subject survival of combining a main ablation treatment with a low-current pretreatment, to assess potential immune system activation, and to assess stimulation-related parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-six female Fischer 344 @entity35 were injected with @entity5954 -induced @entity1492 cells to create @entity5 and again in the contralateral flank when @entity5 reached 700 mm(3) ( @entity5 were proxies for @entity3 ). There were four treatment groups: two control animals received no treatment; six control plus placebo animals had electrodes implanted but received no stimulation; eight received high-current stimulation (80 coulombs (C) of charge at 20 milliamperes (mA), over 66 minutes); and eight received high-current treatment one day after a low-current pretreatment (10C, 10 mA, 16.6 min). Electrodes were inserted through the @entity5 base in a single plane, 4.0mm apart, alternating anode and cathode. Treatments commenced once @entity5 reached 700 mm(3). All control animals were sacrificed 55 days after @entity5 cell injection due to excessive @entity5 growth. @entity5 disappeared from all 16 treated @entity35 within eight days; retreatment was required in two animals. Pretreatment had no effect on @entity5 disappearance or survival. CONCLUSION: Direct current ablation provides highly effective @entity5 destruction in a @entity35 model. Slower growth of @entity5 suggests a remote effect that may involve the immune system.

title: Direct current ablation destroys multi-stage XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'contralateral tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible mechanisms influencing the infiltration of @entity405 T lymphocytes into the @entity5 epithelium of @entity43 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemical localization of @entity405 T lymphocytes was done on a homogeneous population of 184 high-grade, @entity43 tissue specimens. Microarray analysis was done on microdissected @entity5 epithelium from 38 specimens to identify genes up-regulated or down-regulated in specimens with differing numbers of @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 T lymphocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate a candidate gene. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were done combining @entity405 T lymphocyte number and @entity10394 expression with standard prognostic factors. RESULTS: Marked @entity405 T lymphocyte infiltration of the @entity5 epithelium is associated with a 20-month improvement in median overall survival. Additionally, when combined with cytoreduction status and age, @entity405 T lymphocyte status is an independent prognostic factor for survival. Microarray analysis showed @entity10394 , a component of the MHC II antigen presentation machinery, to be differentially expressed in specimens with an abundance of @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 T lymphocytes. This relationship was validated at both mRNA and protein levels. As well, high @entity10394 expression in the @entity5 epithelium was associated with a significant improvement in median overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor cell expression of @entity10394 is associated with increased numbers of @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 T lymphocytes and both are associated with improved survival in @entity43 .

title: Increased @entity10394 expression in the @entity5 epithelium is associated with increased CTL infiltration and improved prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage serous ovarian cancers', 'advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is a common @entity146 of @entity1 and is treated by psychostimulants. Psychostimulant exposure to @entity1 at the time of neuronal development can cause behavioral and physiological changes continuing during adulthood. Most of the studies on psychostimulants investigate the acute effects of the drug. The objective of this study was to investigate whether acute or chronic exposure to @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ), the drug most often used to treat @entity71 in @entity1 , will modulate the diurnal activity pattern of young @entity35 . Maintaining the diurnal activity pattern is a physiological process that regulates the internal homeostasis. Dose response protocol was used to study the effect of acute and chronic @entity14501 in four young post natal day 40 (P 40) @entity35 groups, (each N=8), as follows: saline (control) group, and 0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg/kg i.p. @entity14501 groups, respectively. The experiment was performed over 11 consecutive days of continuous locomotor activity recording using the open field assay. The data evaluation was divided into four phases as follows: acute, induction, washout and expression phases. There was a dose-dependent increase in the average locomotor activity in the first few hours post-injection. Analysis of the diurnal rhythmic pattern of locomotion in the three dose groups compared to control demonstrated that only the 10.0 mg/kg @entity14501 elicited significant changes in diurnal pattern activity in the washout and the expression phase. In addition, this study indicated that chronic @entity14501 treatment elicits dose dependent anticipation and/or withdrawal and behavioral sensitization.

title: Repetitive ritalin treatment modulates the diurnal activity pattern of young SD male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 administered as a 96-hour infusion to @entity1 with relapsed @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had relapsed @entity1893 and measurable disease and were considered incurable. @entity1311 was infused at a dose of 140 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Premedications to prevent @entity1311 hypersensitivity reactions were not administered and no @entity1 received corticosteroids. Expression of the multidrug resistance ( @entity1262 ) gene was determined in @entity5 from 17 @entity1 by mRNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 received a total of 99 cycles of @entity1311 . Two @entity1 were not assessable for response. The median age was 50 years, 71% had stage IV disease, and intermediate/high-grade histology was present in 65% of @entity1 . @entity1 had received a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens, and 68% of @entity1 had responded to the previous chemotherapy (chemotherapy-sensitive). Of 29 assessable @entity1 , five (17%) achieved a partial response (PR). With a median potential follow-up time of 17 months, the median event-free and overall survival durations were 1.6 and 7.5 months, respectively. No correlation was found between response to @entity1311 and extent of prior treatment or response. The @entity1262 gene was easily detectable in 14 of 17 @entity5 biopsies, but was low in all but one sample. The most serious @entity137 was grade 4 @entity1398 , which occurred during 14% of cycles. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 was well tolerated, but had a low response rate in @entity1 with relapsed @entity1893 . There was no clear association between response to @entity1311 and extent of our response to prior treatment. Most @entity1 had chemotherapy-sensitive disease, which suggests that the low response rate to @entity1311 was probably not due to general chemotherapy resistance. @entity1311 provided good palliation in a minority of @entity1 and is a reasonable agent to consider for use in @entity1 who have failed to respond to standard chemotherapy.

title: Phase II study of @entity1311 in relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHLs']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: We report a case of a 44-year-old @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 who suffered peri-tumoral @entity548 soon after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). She had been suffering from @entity0 with multiple systemic @entity3 . She started to have @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity1296 and speech disturbance 1 month before admission. There was no bleeding tendency in the hematological examination and the @entity1 was normotensive. Neurological examination disclosed @entity10 and slightly @entity2026 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large round @entity66 in the left temporal lobe. It was a well-demarcated, highly enhanced mass, 45 mm in diameter. SRS was performed on four lesions in a single session (Main mass: maximum dose was 30 Gy in the center and 20 Gy in the margin of the @entity5 . Others: maximum 25 Gy margin 20 Gy). After radiosurgery, she had severe @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 and showed progression of @entity2026 . CT scan revealed a peritumoral @entity548 . Conservative therapy was undertaken and the @entity1 's symptoms improved. After 7 days, she was discharged, able to walk. The @entity1 died of extensive distant @entity3 5 months after SRS. Acute transient swelling following conventional radiotherapy is a well-documented phenomenon. However, the present case indicates that such an occurrence is also possible in SRS. We have hypothesized that acute reactions such as @entity4 occur due to @entity5 or surrounding tissue.

title: [Peritumoral XXXX immediately after radiosurgery for metastatic @entity1313 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'breakdown of the fragile vessels of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: For a 13-month period, all respiratory tract secretions submitted for routine bacteriology from a large hospital complex were cultured for @entity2114 , irrespective of clinical diagnosis and laboratory requests. Ten cases of @entity2115 were detected in this manner, three of which met a strict epidemiological definition of hospital-acquired. Therefore, the 16 warm-water systems of the hospitals, spread out over two locations, were examined for the presence of @entity2114 . @entity2114 was found in 15 warm water systems, with a distinct pattern of serogroups between the two locations. @entity2114 of the same serogroups as those isolated from @entity1 were present in each hospital water supply. The isolates were further typed by monoclonal antibodies and by genomic macrorestriction analysis. Similarity between clinical and environmental isolates was found in seven cases. In these cases, acquisition from the hospital water supply appears very likely. The strains of the remaining three @entity1 did not match those in hospital water, suggesting that community-acquired @entity2115 was occurring as well. This study suggests that routinely culturing respiratory tract secretions of @entity55 @entity1 for @entity2114 can help diagnose unsuspected cases of @entity2115 . Typing @entity2114 strains beyond the serogroup level with tools such as macrorestriction analysis is useful to define sources of infection, which can then be targeted for control measures.

title: Detecting XXXX by unselected culture of respiratory tract secretions and developing links to hospital water strains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['legionella', 'Legionella', 'Legionella pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity2115 :: ('MESH:D007876', 'Disease') :: ['legionellosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity2115 :: (MESH:D007876,Disease) :: ['legionellosis']


abstract: The ripple structure was studied as a function of temperature in fully hydrated @entity17595 ( @entity17595 )/ @entity165 multibilayers using synchrotron x-ray small-angle diffraction and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In the presence of @entity165 , the ripple structure appears below the pretransition temperature of pure @entity17595 multibilayers. In this temperature range the @entity11385 is relatively large (25-30 nm) and rapidly decreases with increasing temperature. In this region, defined as region I, we observed coexistence of the P beta' phase and the L beta' phase. The large @entity11385 is caused by the formation of the P beta' phase region in which @entity165 is concentrated and the L beta' phase region from which @entity165 is excluded. An increase in @entity11385 also takes place in the narrow temperature range just below the main transition temperature. We define this temperature region as region III, where the @entity11385 increases dramatically toward the main transition temperature. In region II, between regions I and III, the @entity11385 decreases gradually with temperature. This behavior is quite similar to that of pure @entity17595 . Temperature-versus- @entity11385 curves are parallel among pure @entity17595 and DMPCs with various @entity165 contents. We explain this behavior in terms of a model proposed by other workers.

title: Temperature change of the ripple structure in fully hydrated XXXX / @entity165 multibilayers.

entities_list: @entity11385 :: ('MESH:C535686', 'Disease') :: ['ripple periodicity']

entities_list: @entity17595 :: ('MESH:D004134', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine', 'DMPC']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity17595 :: (MESH:D004134,Chemical) :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maintenance of previously thrombosed @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) as functional vascular accesses can be highly expensive, with relevant financial implications for healthcare systems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the costs and health outcomes of vascular access care in hemodialysis @entity1 with AVF @entity715 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: A retrospective, controlled cohort study was performed among local hemodialysis @entity1 with completely thrombosed @entity2548 between August 1, 2007, and July 1, 2008. Detailed clinical and demographic information was collected and a comprehensive measure of total vascular access costs was obtained. Costs are reported in 2009 U.S. dollars. RESULTS: A total of 63 consecutive hemodialysis @entity1 with thrombosed @entity2548 were identified--a cohort of 37 @entity1 treated with percutaneous thrombectomy and a historic cohort of 25 @entity1 with abandoned thrombosed @entity2548 . The mean cost of all vascular access care at 6 months was  2479. Salvage of thrombosed @entity2548 led to a near two-fold reduction in access-related expenses, per @entity1 -month at risk ( 375 versus  706; P = 0.048). The costs for access-related hospitalizations ( 393 versus  91; P = 0.050), management of @entity409 ( 106 versus  28; P = 0.005), and surgical interventions ( 35 versus  6; P = 0.001) were also significantly lower in the percutaneous treatment group. At 6 months, most of these @entity1 had a functional AVF as permanent vascular access (91% versus 33%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage of thrombosed AVF is a highly efficient procedure; therefore, intensive efforts should be undertaken to universalize these interventions.

title: Percutaneous treatment of thrombosed XXXX : clinical and economic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced @entity810 (CI-AKI) is a potential complication of radio-contrast investigations. Many organisations have published guidance documents on the prevention of CI-AKI. Our aim is to explore the scope, content, consistency, practicality in clinical practice and reasons for eventual underlying discrepancies of these documents. METHODS: We searched the literature for guidance documents developed to guide prevention of CI-AKI up to 09/2014. Four reviewers appraised guideline quality using the 23-item AGREE-II instrument, which rates reporting of the guidance development process across six domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability and editorial independence. Total scores were calculated as standardised averages by domain. RESULTS: Twenty-four guidance documents were evaluated. The guidance documents were produced by radiologists (N = 7), intensivists (N = 2), nephrologists (N = 6) or multidisciplinary teams (N = 9). One document did not mention the background of the authors. Only guidance documents (N = 15) that were not mere adaptations of existing guidelines were evaluated more in depth, using the AGREE tool. Overall, quality was mixed: only one clinical practice guidance document obtained an average score of >50% for all domains. The evidence was rated in a systematic way in only 11, and only 7 graded the strength of the recommendations. The @entity8 Improving Global Outcomes guideline was the only one recommended without adaptions by all assessors. The guidance documents agreed in recommending pre-hydration as the main preventive measure, but there was difference in recommended total volumes, composition, rate and duration of the infused solutions. There was no consensus on the use of @entity5993 , with eight recommending it, six considering it and one not. Five guidance documents mentioned oral pre-hydration as a possibility, and none recommended @entity898 as solitary preventive measure. More recent guidance documents recommend avoiding hypertonic contrast media, but did not recommend preference of iso-osmolar over low-osmolar contrast media. Most guidance documents recognised pre-existing @entity740 , @entity6 , age and cardiovascular comorbidity as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be a relative consensus on the need for adequate pre-hydration to avoid CI-AKI, but recommendations to define at-risk populations for whom these measures should be applied and how they should be implemented differ substantially. Based on accumulating evidence, more recent guidelines do not recommend iso-osmolar over low-osmolar contrast media, whereas all recommend avoiding hypertonic agents.

title: Selecting a strategy for prevention of contrast-induced XXXX in clinical practice: an evaluation of different clinical practice guidelines using the AGREE tool.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity565 is one of the most frequently diagnosed @entity1576 in the UK, and commonly co-occurs with other respiratory and @entity56 , such as @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity483 . Previous studies have shown an increased risk of @entity2 related to @entity565 , but the evidence is mixed when accounting for co-occurring @entity1576 and @entity56 . A systematic review of published data that investigate the relationship between @entity565 and @entity2 , accounting for co-occurring respiratory and @entity56 , will be conducted to investigate the independent association of @entity565 with @entity2 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review will be conducted, and include original reports of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies of the association of @entity565 with @entity2 after accounting for co-occurring @entity1576 . Articles published up to June 2016 will be included, and their selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A standardised data extraction form will be developed and pretested, and descriptive analyses will be used to summarise the available literature. If appropriate, pooled effect estimates of the association between @entity565 and @entity2 , given adjustment for a specific co-occurring condition will be estimated using random effects models. Potential sources of heterogeneity and between study heterogeneity will also be investigated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will be a review of published data and does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42016043341.

title: @entity2 , after accounting for co-occurring XXXX and @entity56 : a systematic review protocol.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity9147 /P) is one of the most common @entity600 in @entity1 . Its average global incidence is 1.7 per 1000 live births, with wide variation according to geographical location and ethnicity. Its etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to confirm genetic association of a selection of 15 candidate @entity9147 /P loci using an independent sample of the Italian population. METHODS: At least one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for each locus was genotyped in 380 nuclear trios. RESULTS: Transmission disequilibrium analysis revealed significant associations for three variants at two loci (8q24 and 1p22). Two SNPs at 8q24 showed the strongest level of association, the @entity9148 (PTDT    =   6.81 * 10(-6) ; homozygous relative risk   =   3.60 [95% confidence interval, 2.12-6.13]), and the @entity9149 (PTDT    =   1.03 * 10(-5) ; homozygous relative risk   =   3.75 [95% confidence interval, 2.10-6.67]). Four additional loci (at 1q32, 3q12, 8q21, and 10q25) achieved nominally significant p-values. Two SNPs at 1p36 achieved p-values of   <   0.1. The present data suggest that 6 of the 15 analyzed @entity9147 /P risk loci contribute significantly to @entity9147 /P risk in the Italian population. These include the 1p22 locus, which previous research has implicated predominantly in Asian populations. CONCLUSION: Different loci, including 8q24 and 1p22 have been found associated with @entity9147 /P in multiple populations. Further efforts are needed to identify causative variants and transfer knowledge to clinical application, such as personal genetic risk assessment. @entity600 Research (Part A), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Replication analysis of 15 susceptibility loci for XXXX with or without @entity2419 in an italian population.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsyndromic cleft lip']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['nonsyndromic cleft lip']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity66 have been dealt with in literature, cinema or television, including @entity302 , @entity5 , @entity146 , @entity717 or @entity166 . Among the many pathologies that have been considered, @entity1688 is one that has been of particular interest to writers and film-makers. AIM: To review how @entity1688 has been portrayed in literature, cinema and television. DEVELOPMENT: @entity1688 is a state that is generally secondary to a @entity75 with involvement of the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts, thereby impeding the @entity1 from producing any kind of motor response. @entity1 remain conscious, maintain their higher functions and can both see and hear. Yet, they are quadriplegic with @entity912 of the lower cranial nerves and cannot move or speak. They only conserve the capacity to move their eyes vertically and their eyelids, which they can use as a way to communicate. This pathology has come to the attention of writers and film and television directors, who have described characters with this syndrome. Likewise, there are also stories told in the first @entity1 by @entity1 who have experienced this condition and who have written their story using eye movements as a means to communicate. CONCLUSIONS: Literature, cinema and television have shown an interest in @entity1688 and have placed special attention on the problems these @entity1 have to communicate with others.

title: [ XXXX in literature, cinema and television].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['locked-in syndrome', 'Locked-in syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Many diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['Locked-in syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in Assam. Ground water contamination of @entity3494 in drinking water is a great concern for @entity1 health and considered as a @entity1 carcinogen. The present cytogenetic biomonitoring study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxic effects associated with @entity1 of southern Assam consuming @entity3494 contaminated water and chewing @entity286 . Employing the buccal cytome assay, exfoliated cells were analyzed in 138 individuals of age range 22-42 years and divided into four groups. Group I (n=54) are @entity1 residing in localities where ground water contains @entity3494 concentration below the permissible limit (<10 g/l) and without any @entity286 chewing history. Group II (n=32) @entity1 from the same area but they are @entity286 chewers. Group III (n=24) @entity1 from localities where significantly high @entity3494 contamination in ground water were observed. Whereas the Group IV (n=28) consists of @entity1 from the @entity3494 contaminated area and also @entity286 chewers. Body mass index (BMI) in all the groups are found to be nearly same and in normal range. Statistically significant (P<0.001) increase in genotoxic, cell death parameters and cell proliferation biomarkers were observed in the Group IV compared to other groups. In the comet assay, percent of tail DNA gradually increases among the groups and has statistical significance. Spearman correlation revealed strong positive correlation between the @entity3494 exposed @entity1 and the binucleated cells (r=0.4763; P<0.001). Amount of chewing @entity286 had significant positive correlation with micronucleus frequency (r=0.268; P<0.05) and karyolitic cells (r=0.217; P<0.05) and also in the percentage of tail DNA (r=0.5532, P<0.001). A statistically significant increase in @entity413 content and decrease in hemoglobin content as well as @entity934 esterase in the blood of exposed individuals was observed. Our preliminary study indicate that population exposed to @entity3494 through drinking water may become more susceptible towards chewing @entity286 induced nuclear damage as evaluated by buccal cytome assay and comet assay.

title: Evaluation of genetic damage in @entity286 and XXXX exposed population of Southern Assam, India using buccal cytome assay and comet assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'people', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: An improved method for the detection of @entity8705 and B carriers is described. @entity8706 is a @entity74 characterized by the accumulation of @entity4291 in several organs, among them spleen, liver and brain. A @entity8705 is the characteristic defect in this lipid storage disorder, and the decreased enzyme activity in these types can be demonstrated in various cells and tissues. Low activity levels of enzymes were found in leukocyte fractions of peripheral blood from @entity1 screened for @entity8706 . In heterozygote @entity1 levels were within the lower range of control values. We therefore determined sphingomyelinase activity in discrete cell types isolated by two different methods from the total leukocyte fraction. In normal subjects sphingomyelinase activity is five to ten-fold higher in lymphocytes than in granulocytes. Monocytes have an intermediate level. pH profile and stability to heat inactivation were tested in separated lymphocytes and granulocytes and were found to be insignificantly different. Detection of carriers for @entity8705 and B by using separated lymphocyte as enzyme source, overcomes the difficulty of overlapping values with normal controls and serves as an excellent tool to detect heterozygotes.

title: Lymphocyte enzymes in the detection of XXXX Carriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8705 :: ('MESH:D052536', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick type A', 'Niemann-Pick disease type A', 'deficiency in sphingomyelinase activity']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity8706 :: (MESH:D009542,Disease) :: ['Niemann-Pick']


abstract: @entity2657 following @entity385 is life threatening, as it can cause inadequate blood flow and perfusion leading to irreversible tissue @entity519 and metabolic crisis. @entity428 and brain shift can cause @entity3976 and finally @entity1620 . Multiple randomized clinical trials have shown that preemptive decompressive hemicraniectomy effectively reduces mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity2500 . Another life-saving decompressive surgery is suboccipital craniectomy for @entity1 with @entity2850 by @entity1188 . In addition to decompressive surgery, cerebrospinal fluid drainage by ventriculostomy should be considered for @entity1 with acute @entity1276 following @entity64 . Medical treatment begins with sedation, @entity1337 , and general measures including ventilatory support, head elevation, maintaining a neutral neck position, and avoiding conditions associated with @entity428 . Optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure and reduction of intracranial pressure should always be pursued simultaneously. Osmotherapy with @entity2656 is the standard treatment for @entity428 , but hypertonic saline is also an effective alternative. @entity2332 may also be considered for treatment of @entity2657 and @entity428 , but its neuroprotective effects have not been demonstrated in @entity64 . Barbiturate coma therapy has been used to reduce metabolic demand, but has become less popular because of its systemic adverse effects. Furthermore, general medical care is critical because of the complex interactions between the brain and other organ systems. Some challenging aspects of critical care, including ventilator support, sedation and @entity1337 , and performing neurological examinations in the setting of a minimal stimulation protocol, are addressed in this review.

title: Critical care for @entity1 with massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['edematous cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: A @entity19 model of intratracheally induced @entity3219 was used to evaluate a new @entity10998 antifungal agent, Schering (SCH) 56592, for treatment of @entity3219 . MICs were determined for @entity7143 , @entity2379 , and @entity2059 by testing @entity375 -phase isolates from 20 @entity1 by a macrobroth dilution method. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited were for 0.019 microgram/ml for @entity7143 , 0.5 microgram/ml for @entity2379 , and < or = 0.019 microgram/ml for @entity2059 . Survival studies were done on groups of 10 B6C3F1 @entity19 with a lethal inoculum of 10(5). All @entity19 receiving 5, 1, or 0.25 mg of @entity7143 per kg of body weight per day, 2.5 mg of @entity2379 per kg every other day (qod), or 75 mg of @entity2059 per kg per day survived to day 29. Only 44% of @entity19 receiving 5 mg of @entity2059 /kg/day survived to day 29. Fungal burden studies done in similar groups of @entity19 with a sublethal inoculum of 10(4) showed a reduction in CFUs and Histoplasma antigen levels in lung and spleen tissue in animals treated with 2 mg of @entity2379 /kg qod, 1 mg of @entity7143 /kg/day, and 75 mg of @entity2059 /kg/day, but not in those treated with lower doses of the study drugs (0.2 mg of @entity2379 /kg qod, 0.1 mg of @entity7143 /kg/day, or 10 mg of @entity2059 /kg/day). Serum drug concentrations were measured 3 and 24 h after the last dose in @entity19 (groups of five to seven @entity19 ), each treated for 7 days with @entity7143 (10 and 1 mg/kg/day) and @entity2059 (75 and 10 mg/kg/day). Mean levels measured by bioassay were as follows: @entity7143 , 10 mg/kg/day (2.15 micrograms/ml at 3 h and 0.35 microgram/ml at 24 h); @entity7143 , 1 mg/kg/day (0.54 microgram/ml at 3 h and none detected at 24 h); @entity2059 , 75 mg/kg/day (22.53 micrograms/ml at 3 h and none detected at 24 h); @entity2059 , 10 mg/kg/day (1.33 micrograms/ml at 3 h and none detected at 24 h). Confirmatory results were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. These studies show @entity7143 to be a promising candidate for studies of treatment of @entity3219 in @entity1 .

title: Comparison of a new @entity10998 antifungal agent, Schering 56592, with @entity2059 and @entity2379 for treatment of XXXX in immunocompetent @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity3219 :: (MESH:D006660,Disease) :: ['histoplasmosis']


abstract: @entity295 is a rare but serious complication of @entity281 with @entity2820 (Y.e.). Seven cases of Y.e. @entity295 are presented. Five of the @entity1 had no underlying disease predisposing to @entity295 . Five @entity1 displayed recurrent episodes of @entity295 , despite treatment with recommended doses of antibiotics to which the isolates were sensitive in vitro. One @entity1 developed @entity884 which required surgical replacement of the aortic valve. Other clinical manifestations were @entity625 , @entity4436 and @entity1997 . The outcome was fatal to 3 elderly @entity1 . The serological response to Y.e. was followed by tube agglutination and a diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One @entity1 , with a benign course of @entity221 , had transient elevated Y.e. antibody titres, while the 3 cases with a protracted disease showed sustained antibody responses for 6-18 months. Blood isolates of Y.e. had ordinary virulence characteristics identical to fecal isolates and produced extracellular beta-lactamase. All isolates were sensitive in vitro to @entity206 - @entity207 , @entity11215 , @entity3400 , @entity3524 , @entity5505 , @entity2755 and @entity801 . The lowest MIC values were recorded for mecillinam. Full synergistic activity was demonstrated when mecillinam was combined with @entity206 - @entity207 , @entity2261 or @entity1215 .

title: XXXX @entity295 : clinical and microbiological aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abscesses']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia', 'Septicemia']

entities_list: @entity11215 :: ('MESH:D000560', 'Chemical') :: ['mecillinam']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: Radical wide excision and selective inguinal node dissection provide a more conservative and less morbid surgical option for @entity1 with @entity189 than en bloc radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. We have expanded our initial experience with this approach to 76 @entity1 with T1 (n = 33) and T2 (n = 43) @entity957 with invasion > 1 mm and clinically negative groin nodes treated between 1978 and 1994. @entity5 (n = 53) were more frequent than midline lesions (n = 23). @entity5 were excised with a measured gross margin of 2 cm, and dissection was carried to the deep perineal fascia. The mean largest @entity5 dimension was 26 mm; the mean depth of invasion was 4.4 mm. Superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy, unilateral or bilateral depending on lesion location, was performed. Perioperative complications occurred on the vulva in 8% of cases and in the groin in 11%. @entity532 , all related to groin treatment, were seen in 29%. The median follow-up interval was 38 months. Seven @entity1 (9%) had inguinal lymph node @entity3 identified at their primary operation. Most received additional therapy; one has died of disease. Nine @entity1 (12%) developed recurrent disease in the vulva: all were controlled by additional resection. Four (5%) developed recurrence in a previously negative groin: three of these are dead of disease. Actuarial 4-year survival is 81%. Radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy can be safely offered to @entity1 with T1 and T2 @entity5 . @entity1 with known positive nodes or vulvar failure can be salvaged by further therapy. @entity1 with unanticipated groin failure usually die of disease. These experiences are similar to those observed in more radically resected @entity1 .

title: Surgical therapy of T1 and T2 XXXX : further experience with radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Lateral tumors', 'vulvar cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: P-type @entity460 channels play a key role in the synaptic transmission between @entity1 central neurons since a major part of @entity460 entering pre-synaptic terminals is delivered via these channels. Using conventional whole-cell patch clamp techniques we have studied the effect of mu-opioids on P-type @entity460 channels in acutely isolated Purkinje neurons from @entity35 cerebellum. The selective mu-opioid agonist @entity7862 (10nM) produced a small, but consistent facilitation of current through P-type @entity460 channels (10+/-1%, n=27, p<0.001). The effect of @entity7862 was rapid (less than 10s) and fully reversible. This effect was both concentration and voltage-dependent. The EC(50) for the effect of @entity7862 was 1.3+/-0.4nM and the saturating concentration was 100nM. The endogenous selective agonist of mu-opioid receptors, endomorphin-1 demonstrated similar action. Intracellular perfusion of Purkinje neurons with GTPgammaS (0.5mM) or @entity19527 (0.5mM), as well as strong depolarizing pre-pulses (+50mV), did not eliminate facilitatory action of @entity7862 on P-channels indicating that this effect is not mediated by G-proteins. Furthermore, the effect of @entity7862 was preserved in the presence of a non-specific inhibitor of PKA and @entity6164 (H7, 10microM) inside the cell. @entity7862 -induced facilitation of P-current was almost completely abolished by the selective mu-opioid antagonist CTOP (100nM). These observations indicate that mu-type opioid receptors modulate P-type @entity460 channels in Purkinje neurons via G-protein-independent mechanism.

title: G-protein-independent modulation of P-type XXXX channels by mu-opioids in Purkinje neurons of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe quality of life (QoL) in @entity19417 ( @entity19417 ) cohort and make comparisons with a general population sample. In addition, we aimed to take preliminary steps to identify potential disease and psycho-social factors which may determine @entity73 . METHODS: A population-based case-control study was designed. All @entity19417 @entity1 resident in Grampian, Scotland, were invited to participate as cases. Controls were identified from a random sample of @entity1 registered with four local general practices. @entity1 completed a questionnaire comprising validated generic and symptom-specific tools in the assessment of QoL. In addition, all cases were clinically assessed and putative disease factors recorded. Cases and controls were compared and, in addition, disease and psycho-social associations were explored for identified @entity73 . RESULTS: In total, 74/90 (82%) cases and 781/2000 (39%) controls participated. Cases reported a significant impairment in physical health (P < 0.0001), but not mental health (P = 0.85), compared with controls, as measured by Short Form-8 (SF-8). Following adjustment for age and sex, @entity1 with @entity19417 were more than twice as likely to report mild/moderate @entity1295 [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.8] or severe @entity1295 (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4, 4.5) compared with controls. Furthermore, among cases, @entity1295 was found to be strongly associated with impaired physical health (P < 0.0001), while disease factors such as disease activity and damage were not (P = 0.60 and 0.27, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity19417 report impaired physical but not mental health. Specifically, @entity1295 is a principal complaint and appears to be a major @entity73 QoL.

title: Fatigue: a principal contributor to impaired quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QoL impairment', 'QoL impairments', 'determinant of impaired']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['AAV', 'an ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity19417 :: (MESH:D056648,Disease) :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']


abstract: Ada protein plays a central role in the regulatory synthesis of DNA repair enzymes, following exposure of @entity526 to alkylating agents. @entity5498 groups of alkylated DNA are transferred to Ada protein by its own methyltransferase activity and the methylated Ada protein then acts as a positive regulator to overproduce the ada and related gene products. To elucidate regulatory mechanisms for the expression of the ada gene by its own product, we analyzed the ada promoter region by random and site-directed mutagenesis. A series of deletion analyses revealed that a sequence up to 53 @entity2036 upstream from the transcription initiation site is required for the controlled expression of the ada gene. Libraries of base substitution mutants were constructed by synthesizing oligonucleotides corresponding to the ada promoter region in the presence of a small amount of all possible sets of @entity2036 . Internal deletion and insertion mutants were also constructed with the use of synthetic oligonucleotides. Using these mutants, the -10 and the -35 boxes of the promoter as well as the ada regulatory sequence were identified, the latter being an eight- @entity377 sequence, AAAGCGCA. A six- @entity377 stretch between the regulatory sequence and the -35 box, also affected levels of expression of the gene. When the promoter DNAs derived from wild type or base substitution mutants that showed normal expression in vivo were used as templates for transcription in vitro, the ada-specific RNA was formed in the presence of a methylated form of Ada protein. With the DNAs derived from mutants of defective type as templates, no or relatively small amounts of the RNA were synthesized. Some base substitution mutants showed a constitutive expression of the gene in vivo, but this observation did not reconcile with findings in experiments in vitro.

title: Expression of the ada gene of XXXX in response to alkylating agents. Identification of transcriptional regulatory elements.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Transoral laser resection of oral cavity and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is a widely accepted approach in the absence of cervical lymph node @entity3 . This study investigated the results of transoral laser surgery and discontinuous @entity135 ( @entity135 ) for @entity957 with clinically obvious or suspected cervical node @entity3 . One hundred seventeen @entity1 with infiltrating @entity1697 were treated for cure with transoral resection of the primary and staged @entity135 . Twenty-nine primaries were classified as T1, 50 as T2, 35 as T3, and 3 as T4. Lymph node @entity3 were identified in the @entity135 specimen of 36 @entity1 . All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 3 years unless they died. Estimated @entity5 -related survival after 5 years is 81% for stage I and II disease of the oral cavity, 86% for stage I and II disease of the oropharynx, 73% for stage III disease of the oral cavity, 65% for stage III disease of the oropharynx, and 21% for stage IV disease of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. Local and regional control of @entity5 was achieved in 72 (62%) of the 117 @entity1 . Forty-five local and regional recurrences were diagnosed during the follow-up period. Two @entity1 died of distant @entity3 with no evidence of local or regional recurrence. The combination of transoral laser resection and staged @entity135 for the treatment of @entity957 seems to offer satisfactory cure rates for a selected group of @entity1 . These two minor surgical interventions cause less morbidity than commando-type surgery and lead to low perioperative mortality and morbidity.

title: Transoral laser resection with staged discontinuous XXXX for oral cavity and @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OOSCC', 'oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck dissection']


abstract: It is generally accepted that in @entity5522 ( @entity5522 ) the vascular prostacyclin formation is diminished. We wondered, whether @entity5522 is also associated with changes in platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory @entity2918 . Therefore, we examined the platelet sensitivity to the @entity2918 PGI2 and @entity8172 as well as plasma @entity2871 B2 (TXB2)-levels in 24 @entity1 with @entity6340 , IIb and IV. We found a marked @entity1423 to PGI2 in all the @entity1 examined, which was more pronounced in type IIb than in types IIa and IV. Platelet sensitivity to @entity8172 showed no difference in the hyperlipemic @entity1 . Plasma TXB2-levels were significantly increased in comparison to a control group, the changes being most pronounced in @entity1 with type IV @entity5522 . Platelet half-life was significantly shortened in the @entity5522 - @entity1 . This in-vivo platelet function parameter was found to be reduced in @entity1 with type IIa @entity5522 to the greatest extent. Our findings suggest that platelet deposition in @entity5522 is promoted not only by diminished vascular PGI2-formation, but also by decreased sensitivity of the platelets to antiaggregatory @entity2918 . The high TXB2-levels and the shortened platelet half-life reflect the in-vivo activated platelet population in these @entity1 .

title: Influence of type IIa, IIb and IV- XXXX on platelet prostaglandin sensitivity, plasma thromboxane B2 and platelet half-life.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of platelet sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['HLP type IIa']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['HLP', 'hyperlipoproteinemia']

answer: @entity5522 :: (MESH:D006951,Disease) :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']


abstract: @entity3157 of soda fed in varying quantities over a period of months has no direct effect upon the catalytic activity of the blood. When fed to @entity95 , it invariably causes a slight @entity633 and occasional casts. The kidneys of pregnant animals, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, seem to be more susceptible to this salt, and in some instances there may be complete suppression of urine followed by @entity204 . In these cases there is a decline in the catalytic activity of the blood similar to that observed in cases of @entity7523 , following the administration of @entity7524 . The subcutaneous injection of salts is impracticable on account of the slow absorption. In intravenous injections it is important to make observations during the injection and at short intervals after the injection has been discontinued, since there is a rapid compensation on the part of the organism with a return of the normal catalytic activity of the blood. The simple diluting effect brought about by the injection of distilled water into the circulation manifests itself as a slight transitory decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood. This must be taken into consideration when estimating the effect of the injection of solutions of salt upon the @entity7525 of the blood. Salts, such as @entity2827 , @entity4388 , @entity2398 and @entity7526 , acids, such as sulphuric, and alkalies, such as @entity6674 , cause a definite decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood. This decrease varies directly with the concentration of the salt. The organism compensates rapidly and brings about a return to the normal activity. This compensation becomes less and less complete as larger quantities or repeated infusions are made. For example, twenty cubic centimeters of a five per cent. bicarbonate of soda solution causes a marked fall in the catalytic action of the blood. This is rapidly recovered from in from one to five minutes, and then a much more marked fall in the activity, requiring a longer time for compensation, occurs after the injection of six cubic centimeters of the same solution. It is of interest to note that @entity2398 and @entity7526 , which have been shown to accelerate the catalytic activity of liver extract in the test-tube, have an inhibiting effect on the action of the blood when injected intravenously. This is only another instance of the dangers to be encountered from the immediate application of test-tube experiments to the living organism. The inhalation of @entity544 gas, even until @entity410 are manifested, is without effect on the catalytic activity of the blood. On the other hand, there is a definite decline in this activity following the administration of illuminating gas. In this respect our results are directly at variance with those of Jolles.

title: OBSERVATIONS UPON THE ACTION OF SALTS ON THE XXXX OF THE BLOOD IN @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity7523 :: ('MESH:C564356', 'Disease') :: ['acute nephritis']

entities_list: @entity6674 :: ('CHEBI:32145', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydrate']

entities_list: @entity2398 :: ('CHEBI:32149', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity7526 :: ('MESH:D011193', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium nitrate']

answer: @entity7525 :: (100340891(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['CATALASE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Depression during pregnancy is frequently treated with the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), @entity905 (FX), commonly known as Prozac (Eli Lilly _ Co, Indianapolis, IN). FX potentiates serotoninergic neurotransmission and @entity750 has been implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythms. We have therefore investigated the effect of chronic administration of FX on maternal and fetal circadian rhythms in @entity742 . METHODS: Following an initial bolus dose of 70 mg FX, an 8-day continuous infusion of FX (n = 11, 98.5 microg/kg x d) was performed. Controls (n = 13) were treated with sterile water vehicle only. Maternal and fetal plasma @entity2493 and prolactin concentrations were determined every 3 hours for 24 hours and then every 6 hours for 24 hours beginning on the fourth day of infusion. RESULTS: FX treatment did not alter either the basal or circadian rhythms of either maternal or fetal plasma @entity2493 and prolactin concentrations. @entity65 and behavioral state parameters were measured continuously. While the incidence of low-voltage (LV) electrocortical (ECOG) activity was significantly reduced in fetuses in the FX group, there was no effect of FX on the diurnal rhythms in fetal arterial pressure, heart rate, breathing movements, or behavioral state. CONCLUSION: These results show that maternal FX treatment does not result in significant alterations in maternal and fetal hormonal and behavioral circadian rhythms.

title: Maternal XXXX infusion does not alter fetal endocrine and biophysical circadian rhythms in pregnant @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal cardiovascular']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']