abstract: We report the first case of @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for @entity263 in Japan. A 67-year-old @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy for cT3aN0M0 @entity263 in 2003. Thereafter PSA recurrence developed and antiandrogen deprivation therapy was used. However, we diagnosed this case as hormone @entity263 and began @entity1205 chemotherapy in October 2008. There were no nonhematological adverse events through two courses of treatment. He presented to dermatology due to @entity158 and swelling of both upper arms on the second day of the third course. However, when treated with a cooling method, swelling of the upper arms became worse and @entity9153 rose to 1,921 IU/I on the eighth day. We administered a @entity134 ointment and an antibiotic due to suspicion of @entity2268 . Nevertheless, @entity9153 rose to 2,791 IU/I and a skin biopsy was done. In consequence, @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy was diagnosed. @entity4 appeared in both lower limbs and the @entity158 got worse on the 17th day. Therefore @entity1205 chemotherapy was discontinued and @entity617 was increased to 30 mg/day, in addition to beginning codeine use for the @entity158 . Thereafter, the @entity158 was ameliorated.

title: [ @entity2631 -like XXXX induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for hormone @entity263 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Swelling']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful sclerosis', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin sclerosis']


abstract: Plasma concentrations of free @entity1718 (FFApl) can be used as a parameter to measure stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the concentration of FFA during perioperative stress caused by minor elective surgery under a standard anaesthetic technique using @entity4488 . The premedication administered included heptabarbital on the preoperative night and @entity1286 with @entity4489 prior to the transfer of the @entity1 to the theatre. Blood samples for the analysis of FFA were obtained from 12 @entity1 at the following times: 1 day preoperatively (control, c), prior to induction of anaesthesia (s1), following the administration of @entity4490 (s2), following tracheal intubation (s3), 10 min after the commencement of @entity4488 administration (s4), following surgical incision (s5), intraoperatively (s6), following extubation (s7), 1 h after extubation (s8), and on the 1st postoperative day (s9). FFA were extracted from plasma with @entity4315 and analysed in duplicate by a specific and sensitive gas-chromatographic assay with flame ionisation detection using @entity4491 as the internal standard. All FFApl from the preoperative day (c) were within normal range. FFA concentrations at s1, s2, s3 and (to a lesser extent) at s4 were statistically significantly increased compared to control values. The maximum concentration of FFA in plasma occurred at s2. A decrease from this maximum was found in samples s4, s5 and s6 (the latter was the minimum intraoperative FFApl). The FFApl levels at s7, s8 and s9 were similar to control. A different response was found for each individual free @entity844 . The maximum increase ranged from 40% ( @entity3106 ) to 300% ( @entity3952 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Preoperative increase in the plasma concentration of free XXXX during minor elective interventions using a conventional anesthesia technic with @entity4488 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity4491 :: ('MESH:C117025', 'Chemical') :: ['pentadecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied compliance to guidelines of curative treatments in @entity263 ( @entity263 ), which were of special interest due to recent introduction of new treatment technologies and the fact that there existed a real choice between surgery and radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We did retrospective analyses of guidelines adherence for all @entity263 @entity1 receiving curative treatment at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 2004 to 2007 after the introduction of robot-assisted prostatectomy and after-loading brachytherapy. The @entity1 were classified into three groups in relation to guidelines: the accordance, accordance after discussion, and the deviance groups. In time Period I (2004-2005) the 2003 EAU guidelines were used and in Period II (2006-2007) in-house guidelines with minor modifications of EAU were applied. RESULTS: During the observation period 859 @entity1 had curative treatment for @entity263 , and 83% of the @entity1 were treated according to guidelines. In the deviance group (N=146), 119 @entity1 (82%) got prostatectomy instead of radiotherapy. The reasons for deviation in the second period were age >65 years (N=70) and surgery in cases with T3 @entity5 (N=10), Gleason score >8 (N=13) and combinations (N=26). Deviances from guidelines in the radiotherapy group (N=27) mainly concerned @entity1 selecting this treatment due to expectations of preserving sexuality and/or fertility. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of acceptable overall compliance to guidelines for curative @entity263 treatment, the proportion of non-adherence should not been overseen, in particular when new treatment technologies are introduced. Guidelines for @entity263 need to be monitored regularly, and the compliance to guidelines has to be assessed on a regular basis. Guidelines should avoid too strict criteria, particularly in relation to age.

title: Clinicians' use of guidelines as illustrated by curative treatment of @entity263 at a comprehensive XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Associations between circulating markers of dysglycaemia and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 without @entity6 have not been reliably characterised. We report new data from a prospective study and a systematic review to help quantify these associations. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Fasting and post-load @entity413 levels were measured in 18,569 @entity1 in the population-based Reykjavik study, yielding 4,664 incident @entity301 outcomes during 23.5 y of mean follow-up. In @entity1 with no known history of @entity6 at the baseline survey, the hazard ratio (HR) for @entity301 , adjusted for several conventional risk factors, was 2.37 (95% CI 1.79-3.14) in individuals with fasting @entity413 > or = 7.0 mmol/l compared to those < 7 mmol/l. At fasting @entity413 values below 7 mmol/l, adjusted HRs were 0.95 (0.89-1.01) per 1 mmol/l higher fasting @entity413 and 1.03 (1.01-1.05) per 1 mmol/l higher post-load @entity413 . HRs for @entity301 risk were generally modest and nonsignificant across tenths of @entity413 values below 7 mmol/l. We did a meta-analysis of 26 additional relevant prospective studies identified in a systematic review of Western cohort studies that recorded fasting @entity413 , post-load @entity413 , or glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels. In this combined analysis, in which @entity1 with a self-reported history of @entity6 and/or fasting blood @entity413 > or = 7 mmol/l at baseline were excluded, relative risks for @entity301 , adjusted for several conventional risk factors, were: 1.06 (1.00-1.12) per 1 mmol/l higher fasting @entity413 (23 cohorts, 10,808 cases, 255,171 @entity1 ); 1.05 (1.03-1.07) per 1 mmol/l higher post-load @entity413 (15 cohorts, 12,652 cases, 102,382 @entity1 ); and 1.20 (1.10-1.31) per 1% higher HbA(1c) (9 cohorts, 1639 cases, 49,099 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: In the Reykjavik Study and a meta-analysis of other Western prospective studies, fasting and post-load @entity413 levels were modestly associated with @entity301 risk in @entity1 without @entity6 . The meta-analysis suggested a somewhat stronger association between HbA(1c) levels and @entity301 risk.

title: Markers of dysglycaemia and risk of XXXX in @entity1 without @entity6 : Reykjavik prospective study and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Clinical signs and symptoms of @entity1120 are more severe in Japanese than in Jewish and other non-Japanese @entity1 . A higher percentage of bone crises and splenectomy was demonstrated by Japanese @entity1 , and there were five fatalities among @entity1 with type 1 @entity1120 . Additionally, neonatal @entity1120 , clinically characterized by @entity4 , was observed. Japanese @entity1 with type 2 and type 3 disease also demonstrate clinical heterogeneity. About 100 alleles of @entity1 with Japanese @entity1120 were examined for genotype determination with the PCR and SSCP methods. About 18 different mutations, including several novel mutations in Japanese @entity1 , were identified. The most common mutations in Japanese @entity1 were 1448C( @entity10726 ), accounting for 41 (41%) of alleles. The second most prevalent mutation was 754A(F2131), accounting for 14 (14%) of alleles. Other alleles identified included the 1324C, IVS2 and other mutations. Unidentified alleles comprised 16% of the total number of alleles studied. To date, neither the 1226G ( @entity10727 ) nor the 84GG mutation has been identified in the Japanese population, although these mutations account for about 70% and 10% of the mutations in Jewish and other non-Japanese populations, respectively. The phenotype-genotype correlation in Japanese @entity1 is more complex compared with that of the Jewish population. In Japanese @entity1 , the 1448C mutation, in either heteroallelic or homoallelic forms, exhibits both neurological and non-neurological phenotypes. Japanese @entity1 with the 754A mutation also exhibit both @entity1120 . On the other hand, @entity1 with the @entity10728 mutation show only type 3 @entity16 , and those with the @entity10729 mutation have the severe, neonatal neurological form of @entity1120 . The 1503T allele was present only in @entity1 with type 1 @entity16 . However, since this correlation was observed only in young @entity1 , we do not as yet know the final phenotypic outcome of this mutation. Probably, Japanese @entity1 with @entity1120 have few mutations that exhibit non-neurological signs and symptoms.

title: Clinical and molecular characteristics of Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops foetalis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease', 'non-neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease', 'neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic disease']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: @entity35 were exposed to @entity167 vapor for 6 days and the mean blood @entity1068 concentration (BEC) was obtained for each subject. Blood pressure and its reactivity to @entity1063 and a @entity2871 -mimic @entity2872 were directly measured on day 6 via a catheter implanted in the tail artery of normal and @entity1068 -treated animals. The mean BEC for each subject correlated with mean arterial blood pressure (MAP); an increase in BEC was associated with a decrease in MAP (p less than 0.02). The mean MAP of subjects with BEC less than 168 mg% was 8% higher than normal (not significant), whereas, the mean MAP of subjects with BEC greater than 182 mg% decreased 27 +/- 4% (p less than 0.01). Conversely, the pressor response to @entity2872 was markedly enhanced (p less than 0.005) in @entity35 with mean BEC greater than 182 mg% at all doses investigated (12.5-3200 ng per @entity35 ). Increases in the pressor response to @entity1063 in @entity1068 -treated @entity35 were significant only when maximally stimulated by 400 and 800 ng doses (p less than 0.03). A 3-fold increase in sensitivity for @entity2872 was seen in subjects with high mean BEC, however, sensitivity for @entity1063 did not significantly change. Vasoreactivity was not effected in @entity35 with mean BEC less than 168 mg%. These data demonstrate that a moderate mean BEC for 6 days induces a tendency towards a mild @entity101 , whereas, high mean BEC induces marked @entity551 which is associated with hyperreactivity. Long-term exposure to high blood @entity1068 concentrations may predispose the @entity167 -dependent @entity35 to @entity101 and @entity74 , at least partially, as a result of enhanced sensitivity to @entity2918 such as @entity2871 .

title: The effect of chronic @entity167 inhalation on blood pressure and the pressor response to @entity1063 and the XXXX -mimic @entity2872 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disease', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the cause and describe the natural history of acute @entity788 complicating pregnancy and its effect on maternal and perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Over the last decade we admitted 43 pregnant @entity1 with acute @entity788 to our hospital. We reviewed presentation, diagnosis, management, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: The incidence of acute @entity788 was one in 3333 pregnancies. The mean age of these 43 @entity1 was 24 years, 31 (72%) were multiparous, and @entity788 was associated with @entity253 in 29 (68%). All had a favorable response to supportive therapy that included bowel rest, intravenous hydration, and antimicrobial therapy. Cholecystectomy was performed for persistent or recurrent biliary or @entity660 in eight @entity1 and post partum in another 12. Of 39 @entity1 who were delivered at our hospital, 32 were at term and their @entity1 did well. The other six @entity1 were delivered preterm; two were stillborn and another died after birth. One @entity1 underwent a therapeutic abortion. CONCLUSIONS: Most pregnant @entity1 with acute @entity788 have associated @entity253 . With prompt hospitalization, supportive care, and surgical intervention when indicated, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality are not prohibitive. @entity5617 and @entity3152 may result from severe disease.

title: Acute XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease ante partum']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract disease', 'biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify @entity1 undergoing peripartum hysterectomy in the UK and to describe the causes, management and outcome of the associated @entity548 . DESIGN: A population-based descriptive study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). SETTING: All 229 hospitals with consultant-led maternity units in the UK. POPULATION: All @entity1 in the UK delivering between February 2005 and February 2006. METHODS: Prospective case identification through the UKOSS monthly mailing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates with 95% CIs. Odds ratio estimates. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighteen @entity1 underwent peripartum hysterectomy. The most commonly reported causes of @entity548 were @entity1806 (53%) and morbidly adherent placenta (39%). @entity1 were not universally managed with uterotonic therapies. Fifty @entity1 were unsuccessfully managed with B-Lynch or other brace suture prior to hysterectomy, 28 with activated factor VII and 9 with @entity432 . Twenty-one percent of @entity1 suffered damage to other structures, 20% required a further operation and 19% were reported to have additional severe morbidity. @entity1494 was more likely in @entity1 with @entity8052 (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.55-7.48) than in @entity1 with @entity1806 . There were no significant differences in outcomes between @entity1 undergoing @entity512 . Two @entity1 died; case fatality 0.6% (95% CI 0-1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: For each @entity1 who dies in the UK following peripartum hysterectomy, more than 150 survive. The associated @entity548 is managed in a variety of ways and not universally according to existing guidelines. Further investigation of the outcomes following some of the more innovative therapies for control of @entity548 is needed.

title: Peripartum hysterectomy in the UK: management and outcomes of the associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['total or subtotal hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity1806 :: ('MESH:D014593', 'Disease') :: ['uterine atony']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolisation']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the risk for permanent stoma after low anterior resection of the rectum for @entity5 . METHODS: In a nationwide multicenter trial 234 @entity1 undergoing low anterior resection of the rectum were randomly assigned to a group with defunctioning stomas (n = 116) or a group with no defunctioning stomas (n = 118). The median age was 68 years, 45% of the @entity1 were @entity1 , 79% had preoperative radiotherapy, and 4% had International Union Against @entity5 stage IV. The @entity1 were analyzed with regard to the presence of a permanent stoma, the type of stoma, the time point at which the stoma was constructed or considered as permanent, and the reasons for obtaining a permanent stoma. Median follow-up was 72 months (42-108). One @entity1 with a defunctioning stoma who died within 30 days after the rectal resection was excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: During the study period 19% (45/233) of the @entity1 obtained a permanent stoma: 25 received an end sigmoid stoma and 20 received a loop ileostomy. The end sigmoid stomas were constructed at a median of 22 months (1-71) after the low anterior resection of the rectum, and the loop ileostomies were considered as permanent at a median of 12.5 months (1-47) after the initial rectal resection. The reasons for loop ileostomy were @entity3 (n = 6), unsatisfactory anorectal function (n = 6), deteriorated general medical condition (n = 3), new @entity5 (n = 2), @entity1 refusal of further surgery (n = 2), and chronic @entity1142 (n = 1). Reasons for end sigmoid stoma were unsatisfactory anorectal function (n = 22) and urgent surgery owing to @entity834 (n = 3). The risk for permanent stomas in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity834 was 56% (25/45) compared with 11% (20/188) in those without symptomatic @entity834 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: One @entity1 of 5 ended up with a permanent stoma after low anterior resection of the rectum for @entity5 , and half of the @entity1 with a permanent stoma had previous symptomatic @entity834 .

title: What is the risk for a permanent stoma after low anterior resection of the rectum for XXXX ? A six-year follow-up of a multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer cancer', 'cancer', 'noncolorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Both mechanical and humoral triggers have been put forward to explain the @entity1184 response of the challenged cardiomyocyte. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cyclic equibiaxial stretch is a direct stimulus for isolated adult @entity95 cardiomyocytes to develop @entity1184 and to explore the potential involvement of the autocrine/paracrine factors ANG II, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), and @entity2503 in this process. Isolated cardiomyocytes were exposed to 10% cyclic equibiaxial stretch (1 Hz) for up to 48 h or treated with ANG II (100 nM), TGF-beta(1) (5 ng/ml), @entity2503 (100 ng/ml), ANG II type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor blockers, or conditioned medium of stretched fibroblasts. Cyclic stretch significantly increased cell surface area (+3.1%), protein synthesis (+21%), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression (6-fold) in cardiomyocytes. TGF-beta(1) expression increased (+42%) transiently at 4 h, whereas cardiomyocyte @entity2503 expression was not detectable under all experimental conditions. The @entity1129 (1) receptor blockers @entity1564 and @entity7056 (100 nM) did not prevent the stretch-induced @entity1184 response. Direct exposure to ANG II, TGF-beta(1), or @entity2503 did not enhance cardiomyocyte BNP expression. In cardiac fibroblasts, stretch elicited a significant approximately twofold increase in TGF-beta(1) and @entity2503 expression. Conditioned medium of stretched fibroblasts increased BNP expression in cardiomyocytes ( approximately 2-fold, P = 0.07). This study clearly indicates that cyclic stretch is a strong, direct trigger to induce @entity1184 in fully differentiated @entity95 cardiomyocytes. The present findings do not support the notion that stretch-mediated @entity1184 of adult @entity95 cardiomyocytes involves autocrine/paracrine actions of ANG II, TGF-beta(1), or @entity2503 .

title: Stretch-induced XXXX of isolated adult @entity95 cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a novel technique to treat @entity281 . Previously we reported that the attachment of @entity8793 (e6) to @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) polymers to form @entity8681 -ce6 conjugates is an effective way to improve ce6 PDT activity against bacteria. The aim of this work was to explore how the polymer molecular weight, substitution ratio (SR) of ce6 and pH value affect the PDT efficacy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have synthesized @entity8681 -ce6(10) (MW   =   60,000, SR   =   1) and @entity8681 -ce6(11) (MW   =   60,000, SR   =   5) and compared these with the previous @entity8681 -ce6(9) (MW   =   10,000, SR   =   1). We tested the PDT efficacy of these three conjugates against Gram-negative @entity526 and Gram-positive bacteria ( @entity794 and E. fecalis) at three different pH values (5.0, 7.4, 10.0) that may affect the charge on both the bacterial cells and on the conjugate (that has both basic and acidic groups). RESULTS: @entity8681 -ce6(9) and @entity8681 -ce6(10) were the most effective against these tested bacteria. The PDT effect of all three conjugates depended on pH values. The effective order was pH   =   10.0   >   pH   =   7.4   >   pH   =   5.0 on @entity526 . For @entity794 and E. fecalis the order was pH   =   5.0   >   pH   =   10.0   >   pH   =   7.4. @entity8681 -ce6(11) PDT activity was worse than @entity8681 -ce6(10) activity which is probably connected to the fact that ce6 molecules are self-quenched within the @entity8681 -ce6(11) molecule. Ce6 quenching within the @entity8681 -ce6 molecules was proved by analyzing fluorescence spectra of @entity8681 -ce6 conjugates at different pH values. There were no differences in bacterial uptake between different pH values in three @entity8681 -ce6 conjugates. CONCLUSION: We assume high pH (rather than low pH as was hypothesized) disaggregates the conjugates, so the higher pH was more effective than the lower pH against @entity526 . But for Gram-positive bacteria, low pH was more effective possibly due to more overall positive charge on the conjugate.

title: Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria using @entity12279 - XXXX (e6) conjugates: Effect of polymer molecular weight, substitution ratio of @entity8793 (e6) and pH.

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infections']

answer: @entity8793 :: (MESH:C006969,Chemical) :: ['chlorin']


abstract: Progressive functional deterioration following @entity3328 has been reported after a prolonged period of stability. We present follow up data on 209 @entity1 ; the period from the original illness to December 1985 or @entity204 was between two and 73 years (mean 33.9). One hundred and sixty-three (78 per cent) @entity1 developed late functional deterioration. This was due to purely respiratory factors in 99 cases, new neurological signs in 20 cases, and orthopaedic problems in 17 cases; 31 @entity1 deteriorated due to a combination of factors. The commonest cause of @entity1576 was the development of @entity7633 , sometimes associated with late progressive @entity1635 . Eighty-six @entity1 needed respiratory support beginning between one year and 66 years (mean 28.5) after the acute illness. New neurological signs had a clearly defined cause in each of 20 @entity1 . No cases of @entity4681 or @entity11165 ( @entity11165 ) were identified. This series shows that late sequelae following @entity3328 are common. There were no @entity1 with functional deterioration after @entity3328 in whom a clear underlying cause could not be shown. The major causes of deterioration may be treatable or avoidable, and in particular, those who develop @entity5837 or new respiratory symptoms should be treated with caution as @entity1576 may rapidly supervene.

title: The late sequelae of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7633 :: ('MESH:C536281', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal alveolar hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infections']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory deterioration', 'respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity11165 :: ('MESH:D016262', 'Disease') :: ['post-poliomyelitis muscular atrophy', 'PPMA']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: We studied the @entity342 regulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) in the Shionogi 115 (S115) @entity19 @entity5 cell line and its genetic variant Clone 22. In S115 cells, @entity342 maintains a transformed morphology, rate of proliferation, and serum and anchorage independence. Similar effects were induced by treatment of the cells with @entity10245 or a heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) fraction prepared from the medium conditioned by the cells. The effects of @entity342 and @entity10245 could be partly reversed with a specific anti- @entity10245 immunoglobulin G or by @entity5747 , which inhibits binding of FGFs to their high affinity receptors. @entity251 and @entity10245 increased the expression of @entity10824 messenger RNA (mRNA) and, to a lesser extent, @entity10825 mRNA, but down-regulated @entity10826 mRNA in S115 cells. No @entity10827 mRNA was detected. @entity10245 also down-regulated the expression of @entity10828 , a heparan @entity597 proteoglycan that binds FGF with low affinity. The binding of radiolabeled @entity10245 to FGFRs was lower in the cells cultured with @entity251 or in the presence of the HBGFs from @entity342 -treated cells, presumably because of the autocrine production of FGF-like factors. In Clone 22 cells, FGFRs and @entity10828 responded to @entity342 as in S115 cells, but they were less sensitive to @entity10245 . @entity342 or @entity10245 could not induce morphological transformation, although both stimulated proliferation. @entity342 -increased proliferation was not, however, decreased by anti- @entity10245 immunoglobulin G in Clone 22 cells. These data suggest that of the HBGFs produced, @entity10245 is required in @entity342 induction of morphological change, whereas the effect on proliferation involves other factors as well (perhaps mostly @entity8739 ). The results show that @entity342 differentially regulates the expression of the high and low affinity FGF receptors, which could mediate @entity342 induction of the transformed phenotype in S115 cells by an autocrine mechanism. The differential responses of the Clone 22 variant cells to @entity342 and @entity10245 suggest that the pathways of @entity134 induction of different parameters of the transformed phenotype, such as transition to fibroblastic morphology and stimulation of proliferation, are divergent.

title: @entity342 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulation of FGF receptors in S115 XXXX @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of the present paper is to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastric @entity5223 with special reference to fibrogenesis in @entity5 and to the mode of @entity5 invasions. First, there are two hypotheses concerning the origin of the marked increase of collagen fibers in this type of @entity189 . One is thought to be production by fibroblasts stimulated by @entity5 cells; the other is synthesis by neoplastic cells. Our studies revealed that @entity356 cells enhanced collagen production by fibroblasts in vitro, suggesting the contribution to the formation of stromal collagen in @entity1 @entity356 . However, one of four @entity356 cell lines, NKPS, was found to slightly from collagen fibers in the brain of the nude @entity19 . We also calculated the number of fibroblastic cells in gastric scirrhous and normal stroma by microscopical image analysis. The results showed that fibroblastic cells in scirrhous stroma were increased four-fold over those in normal stroma. This finding suggests that the mechanism by which fibrous stroma is produced in @entity5223 may be affected by the increased fibroblastic cells which were stimulated by many kinds of growth factors produced by @entity5 cells. It is also well known that the infiltrative growth and dispersion of @entity5 cells within the gastric wall is very fast. To assess the mode of cancerous invasion of this @entity189 , we examined the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) activity of both types of cells ( @entity5 cells and fibroblasts) with a coculture method. @entity5 cells enhanced production of @entity2290 by fibroblasts. However, non-scirrhous @entity356 cells produced much @entity2290 by themselves. This finding suggests that @entity5 cells can invade the gastric wall by use of @entity2290 produced by enhanced fibroblasts, but that non- @entity5 cells synthesize much @entity2290 by themselves and can infiltrate the gastric wall.

title: [Pathogenesis and progression of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer stroma', 'Scirrhous cancer', 'cancer', 'scirrhous cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5223 :: ('MESH:D002293', 'Disease') :: ['scirrhous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric scirrhous cancer']

answer: @entity5223 :: (MESH:D002293,Disease) :: ['scirrhous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is a leading cause of @entity204 in the world and in Brazil. @entity296 is an important noninvasive method for detecting @entity63 in symptomatic @entity1 , but its use in asymptomatic ones or those with atypical symptoms is yet to be defined. OBJECTIVE: To verify the presence of major @entity299 in asymptomatic @entity1 or those with atypical symptoms (atypical @entity662 or @entity1353 ) that underwent @entity296 ( @entity296 ), over a period of 8 years. Secondary objectives were to identify cardiac risk factors associated with @entity296 and possible predictors for major @entity299 in this group. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study using the medical records of 892 @entity1 that underwent @entity296 between 2005 and 2011 and who were followed until 2013 for assessment of major @entity299 and risk factors associated with @entity296 . Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test, logistic regression and @entity1349 , with statistical significance being set at p  <= 0.05. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 52.1% were @entity1 , 86.9% were @entity101 , 72.4% had @entity407 , 33.6% were @entity6 , and 12.2% were smokers; 44.5% had known @entity453 ; and 70% had high Framingham score, 21.8% had moderate and 8% had low risk. Of the myocardial scintigraphies, 58.6% were normal, 26.1% suggestive of @entity82 and 15.3% suggestive of @entity63 . At evolution, 13 @entity1 (1.5%) had non-fatal @entity583 and six individuals (0.7%) died. The group with normal @entity296 showed longer period of time free of major @entity299 , non-fatal @entity583 (p = 0.036) and @entity204 . @entity82 in the @entity296 determined a 2.4-fold increased risk of non-fatal @entity583 and five-fold higher risk of @entity204 (odds ratio: 2.4 and 5.7, respectively; p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of major @entity299 in 8 years was small. @entity1 with @entity82 at @entity296 had more major events, whereas @entity1 with normal @entity296 result had fewer major @entity299 , with higher survival.

title: Myocardial Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Cardiac Events in XXXX without Typical Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Myocardial scintigraphy', 'myocardial scintigraphy abnormalities', 'myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Kaplan-Meyer survival curves']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injections of radiocontrast agents are a frequent cause of acute decreases in renal function, occurring most often in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: We prospectively studied 78 @entity1 with @entity740 (mean [+/- SD] serum @entity1011 concentration, 2.1 +/- 0.6 mg per deciliter [186 +/- 53 mumol per liter]) who underwent cardiac angiography. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 0.45 percent saline alone for 12 hours before and 12 hours after angiography, saline plus @entity2656 , or saline plus @entity1483 . The @entity2656 and @entity1483 were given just before angiography. Serum @entity1011 was measured before and for 48 hours after angiography, and urine was collected for 24 hours after angiography. An acute radiocontrast-induced @entity177 was defined as an increase in the base-line serum @entity1011 concentration of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter (44 mumol per liter) within 48 hours after the injection of radiocontrast agents. RESULTS: Twenty of the 78 @entity1 (26 percent) had an increase in the serum @entity1011 concentration of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter after angiography. Among the 28 @entity1 in the saline group, 3 (11 percent) had such an increase in serum @entity1011 , as compared with 7 of 25 in the @entity2656 group (28 percent) and 10 of 25 in the @entity1483 group (40 percent) (P = 0.05). The mean increase in serum @entity1011 48 hours after angiography was significantly greater in the @entity1483 group (P = 0.01) than in the saline group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity740 who are undergoing cardiac angiography, hydration with 0.45 percent saline provides better protection against acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents than does hydration with 0.45 percent saline plus @entity2656 or @entity1483 .

title: Effects of saline, @entity2656 , and XXXX to prevent acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: Elevated leukocyte count during ST-segment elevation @entity583 is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Whether increased leukocyte count after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) directly reflects larger @entity1188 size and left @entity67 is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between leukocyte and neutrophil counts with @entity1188 size and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after primary PCI. Three hundred sixty-three @entity1 from the Evaluation of @entity24875 for Left Ventricular Salvage in Acute @entity583 (EVOLVE) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of intracellular @entity460 modulator as an adjunct to primary PCI in @entity1 with first ST-segment elevation @entity583 , were evaluated. Total and differential leukocyte counts were measured before and serially after PCI. @entity1188 size and the LVEF were assessed using single-photon emission computed tomography after 5 and 30 days, and @entity1 were followed up to 180 days. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts obtained 24 hours after PCI were significantly correlated with @entity1188 size (r = 0.34 and 0.37, respectively, p <0.001) and inversely correlated with the LVEF (r = -0.20 and -0.22, respectively, p <0.001). @entity1 with elevated leukocyte and neutrophil counts had larger @entity1188 sizes (12.5% vs 5% and 13.5% vs 5%, respectively, p <0.001). The highest neutrophil quartile was associated with increased 180-day composite @entity299 (19% vs 20% vs 23% vs 45%, log-rank p <0.001). Elevated leukocyte and neutrophil counts independently predicted adverse @entity299 (hazard ratios 2.5 and 2.2, respectively, p = 0.001). In conclusion, elevated leukocyte and neutrophil counts after primary PCI in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 are directly related to @entity583 size and the LVEF and are independent predictors of cardiovascular outcomes.

title: Association of leukocyte and neutrophil counts with XXXX size, left ventricular function and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'myocardial infarct', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular impairment']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: CONTEXT: Recently, in a 4-month proof-of-concept trial, beneficial metabolic effects were reported in non-diabetic @entity1 with @entity6563 ( @entity6563 ); this information prompted us to hypothesize that long-term leptin-replacement therapy might improve or reverse the early complications of the disease in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 28-month trial was implemented in eight @entity1 . Efficacy assessment was based on a decrease in serum @entity412 concentrations, and/or a decrease in liver volume and/or an increase in insulin sensitivity of at least 30% respectively. The response was defined as follows: total (3/3 positive criteria), partial (1 or 2/3), or negative (0/3). Anti-leptin antibodies were measured with a radiobinding assay, and a neutralizing effect was assessed in primary cultures of embryonic neurons incubated with an apoptotic agent ( @entity1024 ) and the patient serum, with or without leptin. RESULTS: A negative or partial response to treatment was observed in five of eight @entity1 even when leptin dosages were increased. A displaceable leptin binding was detectable in all @entity1 after 2 months of treatment. At 28 months, binding was higher in the @entity1 with a negative response than in the total responders, and it paralleled both the increase in leptin dosage and serum leptin concentrations. Co-incubation of embryonic neurons with serum from two @entity1 with a negative response inhibited the neuroprotective effect of leptin. CONCLUSION: Under leptin therapy, @entity1 with @entity6563 may develop a resistance to leptin, which could be partly of immunological origin, blunting the previously reported beneficial effects.

title: Resistance to leptin-replacement therapy in XXXX : an immunological origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6563 :: ('MESH:D052497', 'Disease') :: ['Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy', 'BSCL']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity6563 :: (MESH:D052497,Disease) :: ['Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy']


abstract: @entity19762 is able to degrade diesel oil, normal-, iso- and cycloparaffins and aromatic compounds. The complete DNA content of the strain was previously sequenced and numerous oxygenase genes were identified. In order to identify the key elements participating in biodegradation of various @entity9436 , we performed a comparative whole transcriptome analysis of cells grown on @entity2291 , diesel oil and @entity598 . The transcriptomic data for the most prominent genes were validated by RT-qPCR. The expression of two genes coding for @entity19763 enzymes was highly upregulated in the presence of @entity7294 substrates. The transcription of eight phylogenetically diverse cytochrome P450 (cyp) genes was upregulated in the presence of diesel oil. The transcript levels of various oxygenase genes were determined in cells grown in an artificial mixture, containing @entity2291 , @entity19764 and aromatic compounds and six cyp genes were induced by this @entity7294 mixture. Five of them were not upregulated by linear and branched @entity9436 . The expression of @entity844 synthase I genes was downregulated by @entity7294 substrates, indicating the utilization of external @entity19765 for @entity844 synthesis. Moreover, the transcription of genes involved in siderophore synthesis, @entity68 transport and @entity19766 biosynthesis was also upregulated, indicating their important role in @entity7294 metabolism. Based on the results, complex metabolic response profiles were established for cells grown on various @entity9436 . Our results represent a functional annotation of a rhodococcal genome, provide deeper insight into molecular events in diesel/ @entity7294 utilization and suggest novel target genes for environmental monitoring projects.

title: Metabolic responses of @entity19762 grown on diesel oil and various XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2291 :: ('MESH:C007932', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecane']

entities_list: @entity19762 :: ('234621', 'Species') :: ['Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity19766 :: ('CHEBI:72813', 'Chemical') :: ['exopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity19764 :: ('CHEBI:23453', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloparaffin']

answer: @entity9436 :: (MESH:D006838,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2993 on @entity64 suggest that, in addition to @entity165 lowering, this drug may play a role in poststroke neuroprotection. The objective of this historical-prospective study was to analyze the efficacy of @entity2993 (40-80 mg) or @entity3413 (at an optimal dose) during the first 2 weeks after @entity64 in hyperlipidemic @entity1 treated with @entity3413 before @entity64 onset. METHODS: Medical records of all adult (aged >18 years) @entity1 diagnosed with @entity64 were reviewed. Subjects were categorized on the basis of poststroke treatment exposure: @entity2993 (40 or 80 mg) or @entity3413 (at an optimal dose). Each @entity1 was examined using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) and the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). Blood lipid profile was determined. All tests were performed at baseline and at 4 weeks after @entity64 . RESULTS: A total of 371 @entity1 (249 male and 122 female) were included. Subjects who received @entity3413 were significantly older than those who received either dose of @entity2993 . Baseline differences in functional scores were not detected across treatment groups. Two weeks after @entity64 , subjects exposed to @entity3413 had significantly poorer NIHSS and @entity2653 scores than did subjects exposed to either @entity2993 dose. @entity2993 80 mg was associated with significantly better outcome compared with either of the other treatment groups. These differences persisted even after controlling for age and baseline scores. CONCLUSIONS: Early outcome measured by NIHSS and @entity2653 was better in @entity64 @entity1 treated with @entity2993 than in those treated with @entity3413 . These differences may reflect a neuroprotective effect unique to @entity2993 .

title: Early outcome of acute ischemic stroke in hyperlipidemic @entity1 under XXXX versus @entity3413 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: From January 1999 to May 2003, 316 @entity439 were treated, among them 40 @entity1 (12.7%) over 65 years with @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The results of this sub-group are presented. Mean age was 71 years (range 65-83 years), 40% of the @entity1 were in (Hunt _ Hess) grade I-III and 60% grade IV-V. Eighty-five percent of the @entity439 were located in the anterior circulation (35% ACom @entity439 ). Nineteen @entity439 were coiled (all basilar tip and small-based ACom @entity439 ), two among them subsequently clipped after coil compaction, 18 were initially clipped (most of @entity9623 and all broad-based ACom @entity439 ), two wrapped and one trapped. A total of 66.7% of the @entity1 with coiled and 60.0% with clipped @entity439 had been hospitalized in poor condition (Hunt _ Hess IV-V). The average follow-up period was 16 months. Overall, 35% of @entity1 fully recovered, 5% returned to normal activity with some deficit, 33% remained dependent and 27% died. All seven @entity1 with @entity439 and @entity1779 were clipped, but died or remained vegetative. Ten of 17 coiled @entity1 (58.8%) had a favourable outcome, compared to 4/11 (36.4%) in the clip group, but two primarily coiled @entity439 rebled due to coil compaction. The outcome is dependent on the primary Hunt _ Hess grade. A total of 48.5% of @entity510 @entity1 without @entity1779 fully recovered, even @entity1 in poor primary grade. @entity1779 is linked to a bad outcome. As primary procedure, the less traumatic coiling seems to be superior to clipping primarily. Better Hunt _ Hess grades have a statistically significant chance for a promising outcome.

title: Treatment and outcome of @entity510 in the elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'MCA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haematoma', 'Additional intracerebral haemorrhage', 'intracerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of serum lost goodwill target ( @entity5053 ) proteome, and to analyze its clinical significance in evaluating prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3124 on the basis of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score. METHODS: The serum samples were collected from 96 @entity1 with @entity3124 and 30 healthy volunteers as healthy control. The expression of serum LGT proteome was detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) protein chip technology. The abundance value of @entity5053 proteome in @entity1 at admission was measured, and at the same time APACHE II score was estimated, in order to analyze its clinical significance in @entity1 with @entity3124 . RESULTS: The amount of @entity5053 proteome in APACHEII>= 15 group [n =35, (9.26    7.51)%] was significantly higher than that of APACHEII and it;15 group [n=61, (4.19    4.07)%], and the @entity5053 proteome amount in both groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group [(1.52    0.47)%, both P <0.01]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between the abundance of @entity5053 proteome and the APACHE II score (r =0.317 ,P =0.002). The abundance of @entity5053 proteome in death group[n =23, (10.14    9.23)%] was significantly higher than that in survival group [ n =73, (5.8 3    3.57)%, P <0.01]. The fatality rate of the @entity5053 proteome group with average abundance exceeding 5% [68.0% (17/25)] was significantly higher than that of the @entity5053 proteome group with average abundance lower than 5% [8.5% (6/71), P<0.01]. According to the @entity5053 proteome abundance to evaluate the prognosis of the @entity1 ,the positive predict rate was 68.0 %,the negative predict rate was 91.5 %, the false positive rate was 32.0%, the false negative rate was 8.5%. CONCLUSION: The @entity5053 proteome was intimately correlated with the severity degree of @entity74 and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity3124 . The determination of @entity5053 proteome combined with APACHE IIscore evaluation can probably be an important indicator in evaluating the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3124 . Further research on @entity5053 proteome is warranted to facilitate the prognostication and clinical decision making.

title: [The clinical significance of the relationship between serum lost goodwill target proteome and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disease condition']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Objective: To explore the treatment of @entity3330 after using internal fixation of bone cement dry prosthetic. Methods: Twelve patients aged from 74 to 94 years with mean age of (84.0  2.5) years with internal fixation of bone cement dry prosthetic surgery who were treated at Department of Orthopaedics in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital between May 2013 and May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 male and 4 female, 10 cases of tumble and 2 cases of @entity130 . The @entity174 types with AO type included 1 case of A1 type, 5 cases of A2 type, 3 cases of A3 type, 1 case of B1 type, 2 cases of B2 type. The steel plate internal fixation with bone cement dry prosthetic method was chosen to treat senile severe femoral @entity174 . Postoperative observation of @entity282 assessment, hip joint activity and walking ability were evaluated. Paired simple t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the differences of @entity158 score and the ability to walk. Results: Twelve cases received an average of (16.0  3.6) months follow-up. The average hospitalization days are (9.0  1.4) days and average of intraoperative time was (68.0  10.6) minutes. Intraoperative @entity190 compared to normal was (106.0  24.2) ml. Patients began walking load and activities in two weeks. The gait and joint activities gradually restored and there were no obvious deformity and no loose internal fixation. All of the patients didn't have @entity174 shift with breaking plates or screws deformation and have no bone cement reaction. The walking ability was (4.1  0.9) points, the hip joint activities were 98.5    7.7   and @entity158 scores were 1.22  0.58 by Holden grading standards. The differences of walking ability (Z=-3.126, P<0.05) and @entity158 scores (t=23.047, P<0.001) between pre- and post-operative were statistically significant. One patient had contralateral @entity158 , 2 patients had lateral thigh @entity158 , 10 patients returned to preoperative level of activity. Postoperative function recovered satisfactorily, there were statistically differences. Conclusion: The treatment of severe @entity170 fractures by internal fixation with bone cement dry prosthetic is a new and effective method, making patients @entity158 , improving joint function and walking ability.

title: [Bone cement dry prosthetic with internal fixation treat XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain', 'hip pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['senile osteoporotic femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traffic injury']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['senile osteoporotic femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Echocardiography is routinely used to identify potential @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in the acute phase of @entity385 ( @entity385 ). We know that transoesophageal echography (TEE) is superior to detect @entity299 than transthoracic echography (TTE). However, the indications of each technique remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield (DY) and the therapeutic impact (TI) of echocardiography (both techniques combined) in @entity385 and to analyze impact of clinical factors on these values. METHODS: We included consecutive @entity385 @entity1 over a period of 22 months. All @entity1 underwent TTE, and selected @entity1 (young or with a high suspicion of @entity9468 ) then underwent TEE. DY (detection of @entity299 ) and TI (introduction of oral anticoagulant, closure of @entity4616 and targeted cardiologic consultation) were systematically evaluated. RESULTS: We analyzed 300 @entity1 (mean age 61 years). All @entity1 underwent TTE and 127 @entity1 underwent TTE and TEE. Echocardiography overall detected @entity299 in 22% of @entity1 with a TI in 11% of all cases. The TI was higher in @entity1 less than or equal to 55 years of age. In contrast to other studies, the DY and TI of echocardiography were not associated with vascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography, as currently practiced in our @entity64 unit, allows detection of @entity299 in one @entity1 in five, and leads to change in therapy in half of these cases. Our results suggest that TTE should be used for all @entity1 admitted for @entity385 , and to limit the use of TEE to younger @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic and therapeutic value of echocardiography during the acute phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sources of embolism', 'CSE']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic origin']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the value of sonography in working up or ruling out @entity1518 by 3 sonographic features (inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein, the whirlpool sign, and an intraperitoneal transverse duodenum) and comparing it with an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study. METHODS: A total of 70 pediatric @entity1 who underwent detailed abdominal sonography to rule out @entity1518 were included. Twenty-three of them also underwent an upper GI contrast study. Surgery or clinical follow-up was taken as the reference standard. Statistical analysis was performed with the   (2) test. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity1518 by surgical findings. With the combination of all 3 sonographic features, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography for determining @entity1518 were 100% (23 of 23), 97.8% (46 of 47), and 98.6% (69 of 70), respectively, whereas the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the upper GI study were 40% (4 of 10), 64.3% (9 of 14), and 56.5% (13 of 23; P < .001). Combined anomalies in 2 @entity1 and complications in 2 @entity1 were also detected by sonography. CONCLUSIONS: By combining inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein, the whirlpool sign, and an intraperitoneal transverse duodenum, sonography might be more valuable for accurately working up or ruling out pediatric @entity1518 than an upper GI contrast study. In addition, sonography could provide extra information, such as @entity154 and @entity39 , to help management.

title: Usefulness of Sonography in Evaluating XXXX Suspected of Malrotation: Comparison With an Upper Gastrointestinal Contrast Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['combined anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malrotation', 'malrotation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Sleep @entity386 and periodic breathing in @entity1 are the result of a mild @entity519 and they are the requirement for @entity6884 . As a results of the modern medicine each 4.-5. death is the cause of @entity6884 during the first year of life. The positive effect of @entity2544 on @entity386 of @entity3465 is known since 1973. We have given @entity2544 ( @entity3416 ) from 1979 till 1986 to 198 premature @entity1 with a birth weight below 2000 g for @entity386 prophylaxis orally in a doses of 9 mg/kg body weight per day distributed in 3 to 4 doses for a period of 1 to 4 months. Since then primary @entity386 in premature @entity1 haven't any importance. Beside the home-monitoring we give @entity2544 for @entity6884 . In 1986 and 1987 1041 healthy term newborn @entity1 received @entity2544 over a period of 6-8 weeks and more then 300 newborns until 6 months and more. There were no deaths from these @entity1 form the cause of @entity6884 . Since 1987 all newborn @entity1 with a pathological @entity519 -test as a screening test for the risk of @entity6884 received Euphyllin until normalization. With this method we have reduced evidently the death rate of @entity6884 in our district.

title: [Experiences with the preventive use of @entity3416 ( @entity3416 ) in @entity386 and periodic respiration in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Euphyllin']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Simple sequence repeat anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification (SSR-PCR) is a genetic typing technique based on primers anchored at the 5' or 3' ends of microsatellites, at high primer annealing temperatures. This technique has already been used in studies of genetic variability of several organisms, using different primer designs. In order to conduct a detailed study of the SSR-PCR genomic targets, we cloned and sequenced 20 unique amplification products of two commonly used primers, @entity3386 (CT)6 and (CA)8RY, using @entity10300 genomic DNA as template. The sequences obtained were novel @entity10300 genomic sequences. It was observed that 15 clones contained microsatellites between priming sites. Out of 40 clones, seven contained complex sequence repetitions. One of the repeats that appeared in six of the amplified fragments generated a single band in Southern analysis, indicating that the sequence was not widespread in the genome. Most of the annealing sites for the @entity3386 (CT)6 primer contained only the six repeats found within the primer sequence. In conclusion, SSR-PCR is a useful genotyping technique. However, the premise of the SSR-PCR technique, verified with the @entity3386 (CT)6 primer, could not be supported since the amplification products did not result necessarily from microsatellite loci amplification.

title: Sequencing of simple sequence repeat anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification products of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['B. glabrata', 'Biomphalaria glabrata']

answer: @entity10300 :: (6526,Species) :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the results of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbid @entity28 . DESIGN: Descriptive. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery in St. Antonius Hospital in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands, between 2002 and 2008 were analysed. Indications were a body mass index (BMI) >or= 40 kg/m2 or a BMI >or= 35 kg/m2 with severe co-morbidity. Principal outcomes were excess @entity353 after at least 1 year of follow-up, surgery-related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 290 @entity1 with a median age of 42.5 years (range: 21-66) underwent gastric bypass surgery (open: n = 233, laparoscopic: n = 57). The median preoperative overweight above standard weight was 78.7 kg (range: 30.1-190.3) and the median BMI was 49.5 kg/m2 (range: 33.2-84.9). This concerned a secondary intervention after a previous unsuccessful bariatric procedure in 99/290 @entity1 (34.1%). There were 189 @entity1 with a follow-up of more than 1 year. The procedure was successful (>or= 50% excess @entity353 ) in 135/189 @entity1 (71.4%). The median excess @entity353 was 58.6% (range: 7.7-102.4). The BMI decreased by a median of 16.2 kg/m(2) (range: 0.9-42.9). @entity1 undergoing primary surgery lost a higher percentage of excess weight than @entity1 undergoing secondary surgery (median percentage excess @entity353 61.4% versus 53.5% , and a median decrease in BMI of 17.8 versus 11.9 kg/m2). The most frequently occurring early complications (within 30 days of surgery) were @entity834 (n = 15) and wound @entity281 (n = 11). Late complications included @entity850 (n = 18) and cicatricial @entity547 (n = 15). Mortality was 0.7% (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Gastric bypass surgery was an effective treatment strategy for morbid @entity28 and had acceptable surgery-related morbidity and mortality.

title: [Gastric bypass surgery effective for morbid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Malunions of the tubular bones of the hand should be carefully studied to understand the original deforming forces at the time of injury. Once a three-dimensional concept of the deformity is embraced, a careful plan for osteotomy can be developed and executed. Surgical approach must afford adequate access with the least possible injury to soft tissues. Technique of osteotomy must be tailored to the configuration, location, and biomechanical requirements for proper realignment of the @entity1517 . Important principles in the management of metacarpal and phalangeal malunions are: 1. @entity85 are most disabling yet frequently not appreciated. A 10-degree @entity717 in the metacarpal results in a 2-cm overlap at the finger tip. Alignment should always be checked with the fingers flexed into the @entity14409 . Adherence to biomechanical principles of @entity174 repair is mandatory. 3. The appropriate form of osteotomy and subsequent fixation must be carefully chosen and applied to each individual deformity. Familiarity with the osteotomy techniques and alternative forms of fixation affords flexibility in managing complex deformities. 4. The presence of malunion suggests the presence of @entity174 in the soft tissues. They must be delicately handled and carefully inspected for the presence of scarring, adhesions, and @entity1159 . Careful protection of delicate structures should be complemented by judicious tenolysis and arthrolysis at the time of osteotomy. 5. Appropriate, functional postoperative rehabilitation is mandatory. Without adequate therapy the best surgery will produce suboptimal results. Adherence to these principles can avoid further complications and problems and provide a successful ultimate outcome.

title: Management of XXXX of the metacarpal and phalangeal shafts.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture disease']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited fracture']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational malalignment']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Rotatory deformities']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited fractures']


abstract: Restoration of lymphatic drainage using lymph vessels or tissue grafting is becoming an efficient method for alleviating obstructive @entity4269 . However, the lack of ideal lymphatic grafts is the key problem that limits the application of lymphatic transplantation, but now that may be resolved with tissue-engineered lymph vessels. In this study, the feasibility of reconstructing lymph vessels was explored using lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) combined with @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) scaffolds. The highly purified @entity1 dermal LECs can be isolated from @entity1 dermis by immunomagnetic bead sorting and multiplied in culture. The viability and growth potential of subcultured LECs make it possible to obtain large amount of cells in vitro. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the prefabricated @entity6987 scaffolds, with three-dimensional structure, can support cell adhesion, growth and spreading. The constructs formed with LECs combined with @entity6987 scaffolds were cultured in vitro for 10 days and then implanted subcutaneously into @entity19 . Six weeks after implantation, the portions of implanted tubules were harvested. Gross and histological observation demonstrated that the tubular structure still remained in the experimental groups but not in the control groups. Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR assay of the implanted vessels revealed positive staining in experimental groups for the lymphatic specific markers @entity13712 , @entity7802 and @entity14600 . The results indicate that LECs can serve as seed cells and be successfully combined with @entity6987 scaffolds, and the tissue-engineered tubular structure using implanted LECs- @entity6987 compounds showed preliminary characteristics of lymph vessels. A gap between the nearly normal or functional lymph vessel still exists as we have only the endothelial cell-lined duct, but this study demonstrates that it is feasible to construct tissue-engineered lymph vessels using LECs combined with a biodegradable material.

title: Reconstruction of lymph vessel by lymphatic endothelial cells combined with XXXX scaffolds: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['polyglycolic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low lymphocyte count (LLC), a surrogate for @entity32 , has emerged as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes, especially new @entity63 events. To identify @entity1 with non-ST segment elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS) who benefit from an invasive revascularization strategy remains a challenge. We sought to determine if @entity1 with high-risk NSTEACS who exhibited LLC have a greater reduction in long-term post-discharge @entity583 ( @entity583 ) when managed under a revascularization invasive strategy (RIS) as compared with conservative strategy (CS). METHODS: Nine hundred seventy two consecutive @entity1 with high-risk NSTEACS were treated under two revascularization strategies (RS): 1) CS, from January 2001 to October 2002 (345 @entity1 ; 35.5%) and 2) RIS, from November 2002 to May 2005 (627 @entity1 ; 64.5%). LLC was defined as lymphocytes count < or =1200 cells/ml (1 vs. 2-4 quartiles). The association between the type of RS and @entity583 was stratified by lymphocyte count status and assessed by Cox regression adapted for competing events. RESULTS: At 3-year follow-up, 145 @entity204 (14.9%), 135 @entity583 (13.9%) and 76 revascularization procedures (7.8%) were registered. In a multivariable setting, LLC @entity1 exhibited a greater @entity583 risk reduction when managed under RIS (HR: 0.40; 95% CI=0.22-0.72, p=0.003). Conversely, when LLC was not present, no difference in the rate of @entity583 was detected between the two RS. CONCLUSIONS: LLC identifies a subgroup of @entity1 with greater reduction in the risk of postdischarge @entity583 when a RIS is applied.

title: Therapeutic implications of low lymphocyte count in non-ST segment elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Some 30 cases of @entity17389 due to @entity12732 are known to have occurred between 1965 and 1978 in the Pacific Northwest. This disease was found more frequently in young @entity1 with a history of wilderness exposure during the summer months. Recurrent @entity221 was the most common symptom with temperatures reaching higher than 39.5 degrees C (103.1 degrees F) in all cases, and many @entity1 had three or more febrile episodes. @entity381 was the second most common finding reported. Diagnosis of relapsing @entity221 was made in 20 cases by identifying spirochetes on peripheral blood smears. In ten remaining cases the diagnosis was made on clinical and epidemiologic grounds.Information regarding therapy was available in 21 cases. Ten @entity1 received a @entity803 drug and all had a prompt response without relapse. Two of the @entity1 died, a 68-year-old @entity1 with possible @entity296 and a newborn @entity1 with @entity281 acquired in utero and meningeal involvement. The diagnosis was often delayed in spite of outpatient evaluation and admittance to hospital, probably because @entity3001 was not considered in the differential diagnosis. Because @entity17389 is eventually a self-limited disease in most @entity1 , it is probably not recognized often enough. Awareness of this disease and examination of the peripheral blood smear for spirochetes will lead to earlier diagnosis. Prompt initiation of @entity803 therapy should reduce morbidity associated with @entity3001 .

title: XXXX in the Pacific Northwest: an underdiagnosed illness?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'infant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity17389 :: ('MESH:D012061', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne relapsing fever']

answer: @entity17389 :: (MESH:D012061,Disease) :: ['Tick-borne relapsing fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm (NNH) of the second-generation biologics abatacept, certolizumab, golimumab, rituximab, and tocilizumab in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) taking concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials was conducted up to 1 November 2009. We selected any published randomized, double-blind, @entity1500 -controlled study including @entity309 @entity1 with a mean disease duration of at least 5 years before entering a pivotal trial on second-generation biological therapy. Studies eligible for inclusion involved @entity1 , who had previously shown inadequate response to conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Pre-specified binary outcomes were extracted with a preference for 1-year data (6-month data were used if no data were available for 1 year). Two reviewers independently extracted the data necessary to estimate the absolute measures in a non-responder intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials, one for each of the drugs, were selected and data extracted according to published data at endpoint for American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50)-responding @entity1 , and withdrawals due to adverse events. NNT ranged from four to six treated @entity1 to achieve one ACR50 response, while withdrawals due to adverse events were few and non-significant compared to the placebo group, except for rituximab administered as 1000 mg. CONCLUSION: Comparable efficacy was shown by the five biological agents studied, with few adverse events. However, for rituximab, tocilizumab, and golimumab, only 6-month data were available, hampering the external validity with regard to long-term efficacy and tolerability. A low dose (500 mg) of rituximab may be as effective as the recommended dose of 1000 mg.

title: The number needed to treat for second-generation biologics when treating XXXX : a systematic quantitative review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['established rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['established rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Nuclear cardiology techniques may be of help in evaluating the @entity1 with symptoms of @entity712 and @entity67 in two respects: quantification of functional parameters by radionuclide angiography, and differentiation of viable from nonviable myocardium by perfusion and metabolic imaging. Left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes can be accurately assessed by equilibrium radionuclide angiography with a count-based method without any geometric assumptions. Indeed, because of its high reproducibility, this method is particularly suited for making sequential measurements in the same @entity1 . The distinction between viable or reversible and scarred or irreversible dysfunctional myocardium can be made on the basis of myocardial perfusion, cell membrane integrity, and metabolic activity. @entity4214 myocardial imaging is used clinically to assess the first two parameters based on experimental data. Two clinical methods may be applied to the detection of viability: stress-redistribution-reinjection imaging or rest-redistribution imaging. In both of these, the severity of the reduction in @entity4214 activity should be assessed to discriminate viable from nonviable myocardium. Stress-redistribution-reinjection @entity4214 imaging should be the first approach, if possible, because inducible @entity63 is a much more significant clinical variable in a @entity1 with @entity67 in terms of management and risk assessment than is knowledge of @entity296 . Positron emission tomography (PET) provides enhanced image resolution and correction for body attenuation, thereby overcoming the two major limitations of @entity4214 imaging. In addition, it provides the capacity to quantitate regional blood flow and to assess regional metabolic activity independent of flow. Overall, the accuracies of @entity4214 imaging (around 70%) and PET imaging (around 82%) are similar for the prediction of segmental changes after revascularization. However, in @entity1 with poor global left ventricular function, the accuracy of PET seems to be better. Further studies are needed in a large number of @entity1 evaluated for regional and global function to establish algorithms using @entity4214 and PET imaging in dysfunctional myocardium. @entity452 echocardiography should also be evaluated in these algorithms.

title: Assessment of left XXXX by nuclear cardiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium', 'Thallium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A European web-based registry for refractive surgery was established in 2008; The European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity231 and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO). The aim of the registry was to improve treatment and standards of care for refractive surgery. Further aims were to offer a tool for benchmarking by establishing a reference database and for surgeons to enter and analyze their own outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the registry and analyze the data collected during its first decade. METHODS: The characteristics of the web-based registry are described. Data collected from February 4(th) 2004 until June 30(th) 2014 are included in the analysis. The database is analyzed in terms of surgical technique, indications for surgery, complications, and refractive and visual outcomes. RESULTS: Data have been reported from 47 centers in 14 countries until mid-2014. About 4,000 procedures were reported annually. The most frequent procedure was laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with 11697 reported surgeries. Over time in the database, LASIK declined (p   <   0.001) while photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and refractive lens exchange (RLE) increased (p   <   0.001 for both procedures). The indications for surgery, in terms of preoperative refraction and age, were stable over time, for all types of procedures. Surgical complications were reported infrequently and with a well-known relationship to the type of surgical procedure. The reported refractive outcomes were good. The visual outcomes indicate a significant @entity227 after high @entity1714 treatment by phakic intraocular lens in the anterior (phakic IOL AC) and the posterior (phakic IOL PC) chamber and a poorer visual outcome, after both @entity1714 and @entity3467 treatment, by epithelial LASIK (Epi-LASIK). CONCLUSIONS: We describe the establishment of a European registry for refractive surgery. The database increases at a rate of approximately 4000 refractive procedures per year. The most frequent procedure is LASIK, but both PRK and RLE are an increasing part of the reported procedures. The indications for surgery have been stable over time. Surgical complications and visual outcome vary, depending on the type of surgery.

title: The European registry of quality outcomes for XXXX and refractive surgery (EUREQUO): a database study of trends in volumes, surgical techniques and outcomes of refractive surgery.

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['increase of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: We have previously reported iatrogenic retinal to @entity3193 , developed as a potential method of by-passing the site of obstruction to venous outflow in retinal @entity432 in @entity235 (1), and in @entity35 (2). In order to minimise tissue @entity16 and choroid and increase the rate of success in these experiments, we investigated in the @entity235 model the factors that would promote an @entity254 and compare the effects of three different power levels. A small spot size (50 microns) argon green laser beam of 514 nm at power levels of 0.5w, 1.5w and 2.5w were used. Spaced serial sections from each lesion were examined by light and by transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric measurements of the corresponding @entity989 ( @entity989 )/glial scar was computed using IBMPC digitising pad and sigma scan software and the extent of tissue damage at the different power levels assessed. At the lowest power level of 0.5w the @entity16 was mild and there was an absence of @entity254 formation. At the 1.5w power level an @entity254 formed in 40% of the lesions. At the highest power level of 2.5w a 71% rate of success was obtained however, the @entity16 tended to be severe. The results of this study also indicate that disruption of Bruch's membrane and vein rupture at the time of irradiation are essential for @entity254 formation, which may be further enhanced by @entity39 tissue, retinal pigment epithelial and @entity66 . These findings are useful in establishing optimal conditions for the creation of a @entity1211 , for consideration in @entity1 trials.

title: Optimal conditions required for the creation of an iatrogenic XXXX in the @entity235 using argon green laser photocoagulation.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar formation and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the retina']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal vein anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal venous anastomosis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['chorioretinal venous anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent trials have shown the superiority of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) over medical therapy alone in certain @entity64 @entity1 with proximal @entity432 . Using data from the Randomized Trial of Revascularization With Solitaire FR Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of @entity64 due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting Within 8-Hours of Symptom Onset (REVASCAT) and a parallel reperfusion treatment registry, we sought to assess the utilization of EVT in a defined @entity1 population, comparing the outcomes of @entity1 treated in and outside the REVASCAT trial. METHODS: SONIIA [Sistema Online d'Informaci   de l'Ictus Agut], a population-based, government-mandated, prospective registry of reperfusion therapies for @entity64 encompassing the entire population of Catalonia, was used as data source. The registry documents 5 key inclusion criteria of the REVASCAT trial: age, @entity64 severity, time to treatment, baseline functional status, and occlusion site. We compared procedural, safety, and functional outcomes in @entity1 treated inside and outside the trial. RESULTS: From November 2012 to December 2014, out of 17 596 @entity385 @entity1 in Catalonia (population 7.5 million), 2576 @entity1 received reperfusion therapies (17/100 000 inhabitants-year), mainly intravenous thrombolysis only (2036). From the remaining 540 treated with EVT, 103 @entity1 (out of 206 randomized) were treated within REVASCAT and 437 outside the trial. Of these, 399 did not fulfill some of the study criteria, and 38 were trial candidates (8 treated at REVASCAT centers and 30 at 2 non-REVASCAT centers). The majority of procedural, safety, and functional outcomes were similar in @entity1 treated with EVT within and outside REVASCAT. CONCLUSIONS: REVASCAT enrolled nearly all eligible @entity1 representing one third of all @entity1 treated with EVT. @entity1 treated with EVT within and outside REVASCAT had similar outcomes, reinforcing the therapeutic value of EVT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01692379.

title: Mechanical Thrombectomy in and Outside the REVASCAT Trial: Insights From a Concurrent Population-Based XXXX Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Acute Stroke']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe approaches to surveillance of fatal @entity1 maltreatment and to identify options for improving case ascertainment. METHODS: Three states--California, Michigan, and Rhode Island--used multiple data sources for surveillance. Potential cases were identified, operational definitions were applied, and the number of maltreatment @entity204 was determined. RESULTS: These programs identified 258 maltreatment @entity204 in California, 192 in Michigan, and 60 in Rhode Island. Corresponding maltreatment fatality rates ranged from 2.5 per 100,000 population in Michigan to 8.8 in Rhode Island. Most @entity204 were identified by @entity1 @entity204 review teams in Rhode Island (98%), Uniform Crime Reports in California (56%), and @entity1 welfare agency data in Michigan (44%). Compared with the total number of cases identified, @entity1 welfare agency (the official source for maltreatment reports) and @entity204 certificate data underascertain @entity1 maltreatment @entity204 by 55% to 76% and 80% to 90%, respectively. In all 3 states, more than 90% of cases ascertained could be identified by combining 2 data sources. CONCLUSIONS: No single data source was adequate for thorough surveillance of fatal @entity1 maltreatment, but combining just 2 sources substantially increased case ascertainment. The @entity1 @entity204 review team process may be the most promising surveillance approach.

title: Public health surveillance of fatal XXXX maltreatment: analysis of 3 state programs.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: CONTEXT: Early identification efforts are essential for the early treatment of the symptoms of @entity2438 but can only occur if robust risk factors are found. @entity1 with @entity2438 often engage in repetitive behaviors and anecdotally prefer to visually examine geometric repetition, such as the moving blade of a fan or the spinning of a car wheel. The extent to which a preference for looking at geometric repetition is an early risk factor for @entity2438 has yet to be examined. OBJECTIVES: To determine if toddlers with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) aged 14 to 42 months prefer to visually examine dynamic geometric images more than social images and to determine if visual fixation patterns can correctly classify a toddler as having an @entity72 . DESIGN: Toddlers were presented with a 1-minute movie depicting moving geometric patterns on 1 side of a video monitor and @entity1 in high action, such as dancing or doing yoga, on the other. Using this preferential looking paradigm, total fixation duration and the number of saccades within each movie type were examined using eye tracking technology. SETTING: University of California, San Diego Autism Center of Excellence. @entity1 : One hundred ten toddlers participated in final analyses (37 with an @entity72 , 22 with @entity245 , and 51 typical developing toddlers). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Total fixation time within the geometric patterns or social images and the number of saccades were compared between diagnostic groups. RESULTS: Overall, toddlers with an @entity72 as young as 14 months spent significantly more time fixating on dynamic geometric images than other diagnostic groups. If a toddler spent more than 69% of his or her time fixating on geometric patterns, then the positive predictive value for accurately classifying that toddler as having an @entity72 was 100%. CONCLUSION: A preference for geometric patterns early in life may be a novel and easily detectable early signature of @entity1 and toddlers at risk for @entity2438 .

title: Preference for geometric patterns early in life as a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of b2-adrenergic stimulation on skeletal muscle contractile properties, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) rates of @entity141 release and uptake, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity before and after fatiguing exercise in trained @entity1 . The study consisted of two experiments ( @entity15200 , n  =  10  males, @entity15201 , n  =  20  males), where b2-adrenoceptor agonist ( @entity4183 ) or placebo was randomly administered in double-blinded crossover designs. In @entity15200 , maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of m. quadriceps was measured, followed by exercise to fatigue at 120% of maximal @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 , max ). A muscle biopsy was taken after MVC (non-fatigue) and at time of fatigue. In @entity15201 , contractile properties of m. quadriceps were measured with electrical stimulations before (non-fatigue) and after two fatiguing 45  s sprints. @entity1295 were 6      3 and 6      2% higher (P  <  0.05) with @entity4183 than placebo in @entity15200 and @entity15201 , respectively. Furthermore, peak twitch force was 11      7% higher (P  <  0.01) with @entity4183 than placebo at non-fatigue. After sprints, MVC declined (P  <  0.05) to the same levels with @entity4183 as placebo, whereas peak twitch force was lower (P  <  0.05) and half-relaxation time was prolonged (P  <  0.05) with @entity4183 . Rates of SR @entity141 release and uptake at 400  nm [ @entity141 ] were 15      5 and 14      5% (P  <  0.05) higher, respectively, with @entity4183 than placebo at non-fatigue, but declined (P  <  0.05) to similar levels at time of fatigue. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was unaffected by @entity4183 compared with placebo at non-fatigue, but @entity4183 counteracted exercise-induced reductions in maximum rate of activity (Vmax) at time of fatigue. In conclusion, increased contractile force induced by b2-adrenergic stimulation is associated with enhanced rate of @entity141 release in @entity1 . While b2-adrenergic stimulation elicits positive inotropic and lusitropic effects on non-fatigued m. quadriceps, these effects are blunted when muscles fatigue.

title: b2-Adrenergic stimulation enhances XXXX release and contractile properties of skeletal muscles, and counteracts exercise-induced reductions in Na+-K+-ATPase Vmax in trained @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['Non-fatigued MVCs']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']