abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity303 Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) is frequently used as a @entity303 screening tool in clinical and research settings in Spain. The present study describes DRS-2 Total and subscale scores in community-dwelling Spaniards, aged 50-71, and provides normative data for its use in Castilian Spanish-speaking individuals. METHODS: The sample consisted of 798 individuals who participated in an observational study on essential @entity101 . Mean age was 62.8  years (SD  =  5.4), mean education was 8.6  years (SD  =  3.4) with 47.9% females. Almost all of them were receiving blood pressure-lowering drugs (93%) and most of them had fairly well-managed blood pressure control (M systolic/diastolic blood pressure  =  142.3/77.0      16.0/9.2  mm  Hg). We applied a previously described method of data normalization from the Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies to obtain the Castilian Spanish DRS-2 norms. RESULTS: Worse performance on Total and subscale scores was associated with older age (p  <  .05) and fewer years of education (p  <  .001). @entity1 obtained lower raw Total scores than @entity1 (131.68      7.2 vs. 133.10      6.90, p  <  .005), but had fewer years of education (7.96      3.33 vs. 9.17      3.45, p  <  .001). This gender difference disappeared after correcting for age and years of education. Total and subscale scores are presented adjusted by age, and normative data are shown for Total scores adjusted by age and years of education. CONCLUSIONS: These norms are useful for studying @entity73 and @entity73 in research and clinical settings in Castilian Spanish-speaking populations.

title: XXXX Rating Scale-2 normative data for middle-and older-aged Castilian speaking Spaniards.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive status']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: The fear and stigma associated with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) is a major challenge in the treatment of this disease. Our goal is to develop innovative methods of screening @entity1 for the symptoms of @entity308 to facilitate referral and treatment. This study explores the efficacy of the Internet in reaching out to postpartum @entity1 in the convenience and privacy of their own homes, particularly those in rural and underserved areas. An exploratory study design was used to explore the feasibility and acceptability of online screening for @entity308 with postpartum @entity1 in the first 2-3  months after delivery (N  =  18). In the first phase, a focus group was conducted with a small group of postpartum @entity1 ; the second phase consisted of individual interviews of postpartum @entity1 in their homes; and in phase three, 10 @entity1 participated in the on-line screening intervention. @entity308 was measured using an online version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) a well-established instrument with reported alpha reliabilities (0.81-0.88) across studies and concurrent validity demonstrated using the gold standard, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition criteria for @entity308 interview. Qualitative data collected from all the @entity1 were also analyzed. The sample included @entity1 age 18-29; 70  % White/Caucasian, 50  % low income, and the majority living in rural areas. The EPDS scores ranged from 0 to 13 (mean 8.0; SD 4.76). @entity1 described the online @entity308 screening process as easy, straightforward and personalized and provided additional suggestions for improvement.

title: Online screening and referral for XXXX : an exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'postpartum depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postpartum depression']


abstract: AIM: The intent of this report is to present a brief review of the literature on @entity705 and to present a case involving the surgical removal and replacement of a major portion of the condyle and angle of the mandible using free autogenous mandibular bone. BACKGROUND: While @entity705 is the most common @entity5 of skeletal bones, it is relatively uncommon in the jaws occurring at the condyle or the tip of the coronoid process. This benign cartilage-capped growth is usually discovered incidentally on radiographic examination or on palpation of a protruding mass in the affected area. @entity3232 and progressive @entity7439 are common findings in most cases of @entity705 . REPORT: A case of a 29-year-old @entity1 with an @entity705 of the mandibular condyle is presented. Surgical treatment was @entity5 resection, grafting, and reshaping of the mandibular angle and ramus. As this lesion is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on radiographic examination, the general practitioner usually is the first professional to make the diagnosis. SUMMARY: Condylectomy cannot be recommended as routine in all cases.37 Common surgical treatments include condylectomy and reconstruction.24 If the @entity5 involves only a limited area of the condylar surface, then preservation of the remaining portion of the condyle and reshaping should be done. Reasons for not taking such a conservative approach are the possibilities of @entity5 and the risk of recurrence. In this case report the extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, associated with free autogenous mandibular bone, presented several advantages.

title: XXXX of the mandibular condyle: literature review and report of a case.

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['condylar osteochondroma', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['Malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['Osteochondroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity306 involving @entity508 is a highly handicapping illness, especially among @entity1 , the treatment of which is limited to reducing the handicaps involved without any full cure. There is a drug treatment which affords the possibility of providing @entity1 with a better quality of life, regarding which a cost effectiveness analysis is made, note being made of the individual achievements and social benefits. METHODS: This analysis is based on nationwide information from Mexico which was obtained from secondary sources. The base data is set out within the framework of trends in the growth of this health problem, and the calculations affording the possibility of sizing up this problem are employed in order to ascertain the benefits thereof based on the following indicators: relative impact of this disease and years of healthy life lost and gained, based on which the social and economic benefit entailed in the drug treatment under analysis is estimated. RESULTS: The data reveals that the drug treatment in question is directly beneficial, because it lowers the relative impact of this disease from 0.92 to 0.40. At the individual level, the greatest benefit takes the form of the improved quality of life among the afflicted @entity1 within the 6-12 age range, they having gone from 0.08 years to 0.60 years of life in terms of quality. At the nationwide level, the 595,817 years of healthy life which would be lost without any treatment would be recouped. The monetary value involved in this treatment is that of 2,725.00 Mexican pesos (US  283.00) for administering the drug over a one-year period to each @entity1 suffering from this disability. CONCLUSIONS: This is a low-cost treatment, because it is currently impossible to reverse the neurological and physiological processes of @entity306 , this treatment therefore improving the quality of life of the @entity1 afflicted with this disease is the best possible benefit. The cost effectiveness analysis taking into account these indicators reveals a clear-cut relationship between the monetary values and the health benefits.

title: [Cost-benefit of the pharmacologic treatment of XXXX with @entity508 in Mexico].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New therapeutic principles in clinical oncology require the adjustment of response criteria to govern therapy decisions. For advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ) a new era has recently begun by the approval of the multikinase inhibitor @entity2857 . As a unique feature, @entity157 usually develops in a diseased liver and current imaging technologies employing classical response criteria have not been prospectively evaluated for this new treatment. METHODS: MRI signal patterns were assessed in 21 advanced @entity157 @entity1 receiving @entity2857 . MRI was performed at baseline and in short-term intervals thereafter. Signal changes under therapy on T1WI, T2WI and post- @entity2287 images including @entity39 volume and its ratio to the entire @entity5 volume were compared to baseline imaging. To assess the association between the categorical variables, Fisher's exact tests were applied for a statistical analysis. Survey time ranged from 2-65 weeks, and a total of 39 target lesions were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity854 during @entity2857 therapy were disclosed by T1WI and T2WI in 15/21 @entity1 . The predominant @entity5 signal change was hyperintensity on both T1WI and T2WI. Interestingly, most @entity1 developed MRI signal changes within 4 weeks of therapy; in contrast, two non-responders did not show any signal alteration at follow-up. Under therapy, 16/21 @entity1 presented with new or progressive @entity39 , whereas 7 @entity1 achieved temporarily >75% @entity5 @entity39 under @entity2857 . Significantly associated MRI variables were increase in T1WI signal and @entity5 @entity39 (p = 0.017) as well as increase of @entity5 @entity39 with an elevated ratio of @entity5 areas (p = 0.002). Remarkably, some (3/13) of the @entity1 developing @entity5 areas showed a relevant (>20%) increase in @entity5 volume, which should be considered in the assessment of imaging studies. CONCLUSION: As @entity2857 induces early intralesional @entity39 with profound changes in T1WI/T2WI MRI signal intensities and measurable @entity5 areas in most @entity157 @entity1 , early MRI-based evaluation could pave the way for its rationale and cost-effective application.

title: Early MRI response monitoring of XXXX with advanced @entity157 under treatment with the multikinase inhibitor @entity2857 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic to vital tumor', 'necrotic tumor']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) and the @entity10401 ( @entity10401 ). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 from the Black @entity1 's Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of African-American @entity1 aged 21-69 years in 1995 residing in the United States. @entity1 completed mailed questionnaires about their health status every 2 years. @entity1 (S): Premenopausal @entity1 with no history of @entity10401 at the start of follow-up (N = 23,571). INTERVENTION(S): No interventions were administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of @entity10401 among those with and without self-reported, physician-diagnosed @entity3610 over a 6-year period of follow-up (1997-2003). Medical-record validation in a random subset of @entity10401 cases confirmed 96% of diagnoses. RESULT(S): During 114,373 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 3,631 new cases of @entity10401 confirmed by ultrasound (N = 2,926) or hysterectomy (N = 705) were reported. After adjustment for potential confounders, the incidence of @entity10401 was 65% higher among @entity1 with @entity3610 than @entity1 without @entity3610 (incidence rate ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.24). The incidence rate ratios remained constant with increasing time after the diagnosis of @entity3610 . Results were similar when analyses were confined to @entity1 reporting a recent Papanicolaou smear, a proxy for a pelvic examination. CONCLUSION(S): The present study suggests a positive association between @entity3610 and @entity10401 in African-American @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity10401 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'person', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['risk of uterine leiomyomata', 'UL']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: The @entity19 model has been widely used to study the host immune response to Neospora caninum. However, in most studies, the intraperitoneal route was preferentially used to establish @entity281 . Here, C57BL/6 @entity19 were infected with N. caninum tachyzoites by the intragastric route, as it more closely resembles the natural route of @entity281 through the gastrointestinal tract. The elicited T-cell mediated immune response was evaluated in the intestinal epithelium and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). Early upon the parasitic challenge, IL-12 production by conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells was increased in @entity1600 . Accordingly, increased proportions and numbers of TCRab+CD8+IFN-y+ lymphocytes were detected, not only in the intestinal epithelium and @entity1600 , but also in the spleen of the infected @entity19 . In this organ, IFN-y-producing TCRab+CD4+ T cells were also found to increase in the infected @entity19 , however later than CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, splenic and @entity1600 CD4+CD25+ T cells sorted from infected @entity19 presented a suppressive activity on in vitro T cell proliferation and cytokine production above that of control counterparts. These results altogether indicate that, by producing IFN-y, TCRab+CD8+ cells contribute for local and systemic host protection in the earliest days upon @entity281 established through the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, they also provide substantial evidence for a parasite-driven reinforcement of T regulatory cell function which may contribute for parasite persistence in the host and might represent an additional barrier to overcome towards effective vaccination.

title: Mucosal and systemic T cell response in XXXX intragastrically infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['MLN', 'mesenteric lymph nodes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In plastic surgery, skin flap is an important approach to reconstructive wound repairs. The @entity35 dorsal skin flap is a clinically relevant and popular animal model to investigate and evaluate flap survival and @entity39 . Nonetheless, flap survival is often unstable with unpredictable outcomes, regardless of previous attempts at design modification. METHODS _ RESULTS: In the present study, we report a novel flap chamber that provides stable and reproducible outcomes by separating the dorsal skin flap from its surrounding skin by in situ immobilization. The flap chamber blocks circulation that disturbs @entity63 from both basal and lateral sides of the flap tissue. Demarcation of @entity39 is macroscopically evident on the flap and supported by distinct changes in histological architecture under microscopic examination. The utility of the novel skin flap chamber is further proven by applying it to the examination of flap survival in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 with an increase in @entity39 . The flap chamber also affords size modifications where a narrower flap chamber increases @entity63 and provides manipulable therapeutic windows for studying cell therapies. Accordingly, intradermal injection of endothelial cells 3 days before @entity63 significantly increases the survival of skin flaps. CONCLUSIONS: The novel flap chamber not only may stabilize the skin flap and provide reproducible outcomes that overcome the shortfalls of the traditional ischemic flap but also may afford size modifications that support research designs and test therapeutic approaches to regenerative repair.

title: Novel skin chamber for XXXX ischemic flap studies in regenerative wound repair.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['flap ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Cerebral deposits of @entity1466 tend to be multiple and usually result in a rapidly fatal course. Two @entity1 presented with @entity302 due to @entity3 in the brain. In the first @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity3 was unsuspected, since curetted uterine material was normal, the haemagglutination inhibition test for pregnancy was negative and a chest radiograph was unremarkable. A diagnosis of @entity1466 was made by brain biopsy 2 days before death. The second @entity1 had been previously treated with systemic chemotherapy ( @entity1499 and @entity4316 ) for uterine and @entity358 associated with @entity1378 . @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin could not be detected in the urine when the @entity1 presented with @entity302 . A brain scan showed multiple areas of increased uptake consistent with @entity3 . She was treated with both systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal @entity1499 and cranial irradiation. A complete remission was obtained. Intrathecal @entity1499 and cranial irradiation appear to offer a hopeful new approach to the problem of metastatic @entity1779 .

title: @entity1466 presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Jacksonian epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral choriocarcinoma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Jacksonian epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The failure to maintain a secure exclusion of @entity449 with intraluminally placed grafts has been termed endoleak. We performed a retrospective review of our first 100 transluminally repaired @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in an effort to identify preoperative factors that could predict which @entity1 would have @entity1070 . METHODS: Between February 1993 and September 1998, 100 @entity439 were treated with tube (39), bifurcated (45), and aortoiliac grafts (16). Endoleaks (early and late) developed in 34 @entity1 . Preoperative computed tomography scans and angiograms for all @entity1 were individually inspected by a single reviewer. Aortic characteristics analyzed included number of patent lumbar arteries, presence of a patent inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), calcification and @entity715 at proximal and distal attachment sites, proximal aortic angulation, and graft-vessel size discrepancy at proximal and distal attachment sites. The prevalence of the preoperative factors was compared among @entity1 with and without @entity1070 . RESULTS: Endoleaks developed in 44% of tube, 33% of bifurcated, and 47% of aortoiliac grafts (P =.51). Correlation between total number of patent lumbar arteries, presence of a patent IMA, and @entity1070 was not significant (P =.44,.95). Calcification at either proximal or distal attachment site did not increase the risk of @entity1070 (P =.50,.62). The presence of @entity715 at the attachment site (proximally or distally) also failed to increase endoleak rates (P =.12,.78). Degree of proximal aortic angulation did not differ between groups (P =.39). Size discrepancies between graft and aorta or iliac vessels at proximal or distal sites did not significantly differ (P >.54, >.13). Subgroup analysis of @entity1070 with different tube types also failed to demonstrate significant differences among the three graft types (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Endoleaks develop in a significant number of endovascularly repaired @entity1028 . We were unable to demonstrate a statistically significant association with anatomic characteristics thought to predispose to the development of @entity1070 . We find no predictive value associated with these anatomic factors.

title: Endoleaks following endovascular repair of XXXX : the predictive value of preoperative anatomic factors--a review of 100 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Background: In our previous @entity235 model of @entity1028 , although @entity439 growth was observed, the @entity439 did not @entity397 . This prompted us to develop a @entity1707 model, which has the advantage of fibrinolytic and coagulation systems similar to those found in @entity1 . Methods: We simulated @entity439 by connecting fascia pouches to the aorta. In nine @entity1707 , two pieces of fascia (5 x 8 cm each) were sutured to the posterior surface of the aorta. After the lateral edges of the aorta were sutured together, the aorta was clamped below the renal arteries and at the aortic bifurcation. We then resected a piece of aorta within the pouch, clamped the pouch below the open roof, and unclamped the aorta. When the entire pouch had been sutured, the last clamp was removed and blood flowed into the " @entity439 ." The total aortic cross clamp time was between 4 and 25 minutes. Results: " @entity439 " size ranged from 3.0 x 2.5 cm to 7.5 x 4.0 cm (length x width). @entity397 occurred in seven @entity1707 between 4 and 43 days after initial surgery; however, @entity397 occurred at a suture site. @entity439 size at @entity397 was two to four times greater than that of the original pouch. We found @entity715 in all of the @entity439 examined more than 2 days after surgery. Histology revealed @entity439 walls that were thicker than the fascia. Although fascia segments could be identified because of their characteristic trilayer of thick collagen fibers, most of the @entity439 wall contained thin collagen fibers. These observations are consistent with new collagen production. Conclusion: We constructed a @entity1707 model of @entity1028 that possessed the features of growth and @entity397 necessary to simulate @entity1 @entity439 . Our method will allow techniques designed to isolate @entity439 from the circulation to be tested in a model with a fibrinolytic system similar to that of @entity1 .

title: Spontaneous Rupture and @entity715 Effects in a XXXX Model of Untreated @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Aneury sm rupture', 'rupture', 'rupture never']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to treat @entity296 , which is defined as non-aneurysmal diffuse akinetic left ventricle with chronic @entity712 following @entity583 , the mid-term effect of the endoventricular circular patch plasty (EVCPP) was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EVCPP has been performed on 54 @entity1 (46 @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a mean age of 61 years) during 4 years from March 1997 to December 2000. Thirty-two @entity1 (59%) were NYHA class III and 22 @entity1 (41%) were class IV. Nine @entity1 (17%) had mild @entity951 before the operation but others had no @entity662 . Single, double, triple, and left main disease were noted in six, 13, 32, and three @entity1 , respectively. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 23.3 +/- 6.3% (6--30%). Coronary artery bypass grafting was concomitantly undergone by 51 @entity1 (94%) and mitral valve reconstruction was done on 19 @entity1 (35%). RESULTS: Two @entity1 (3.7%) needed an intra-aortic balloon pump to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. Seven @entity1 (12.9%) died in the hospital. Among them, two @entity1 (4.4%) out of 45 @entity1 who underwent elective operation died of @entity64 and @entity712 . Five @entity1 (55.5%) out of nine @entity1 who required emergency operation died of @entity712 and @entity177 . Late @entity204 occurred in six @entity1 (11.1%) due to @entity943 and @entity712 in each of three @entity1 . Out of 41 survivors, 38 @entity1 returned to NYHA class I or II and three @entity1 to class III. Out of 50 @entity1 who underwent left ventricular study before and after operation, ejection fraction increased from 22.8 +/- 6.6 to 36.2 +/- 8.0% and mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume indices reduced from 152.8 +/- 24.6 to 105.0 +/- 36.5 and from 113.6 +/- 45.7 to 66.4 +/- 28.4 ml/m(2), respectively. Mean pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 19.1 +/- 8.8 to 14.9 +/- 6.8 mmHg. One-, 2-, and 3-year actuarial survival rates were 87.9, 82.7 and 77.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Left ventriculoplasty using EVCPP is effective to exclude the akinetic LV segment, and left ventricular function and clinical status improve in @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: Left ventriculoplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The term ' @entity628 ' covers a variety of diseases with different histopathological patterns. There is a need for clues to interpret histological findings in terms of etiology. Studies in transgenic animal models published in recent years have targeted the podocyte with respect to its impact on the development of @entity631 . Our aim was to survey those models in an attempt to discover correlations between histopathological patterns and pathogenic mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: The most obvious conclusion to draw from recent studies is that virtually all forms of @entity631 start with a lesion or dysfunction of podocytes. In @entity8 and transgenic animal models, two patterns of @entity8 may be distinguished. All diseases with late onset appear to follow the 'classic' pathway to @entity628 , starting with an adhesion of the tuft to the Bowman's capsule and eventually leading to @entity528 . In contrast, those with early onset frequently exhibit changes that indicate a severe dysregulation of podocyte function resulting in @entity16 (i.e. mesangial expansion and rarefaction of capillaries). SUMMARY: Such insights derived from animal models might be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of multifactorial @entity1 diseases like @entity2316 .

title: New insights into structural patterns encountered in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular degeneration', 'hereditary glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse global endocapillary damage']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nephron degeneration']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: @entity40116 (NPYR) is an important carcinogen, frequently present in the environment and food chain. Oral administration of NPYR to experimental @entity35 evoked severe biochemical and pathological changes. In the present investigation, the protective role of dietary fibre on NPYR-induced @entity137 in @entity753 @entity35 was studied. Supplementation of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet reduced the hepato-toxic effects of NPYR, as evident from the decreased @entity99 and improved liver weight index compared to control. Administration of NPYR resulted in an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the experimental animals. The antioxidant potential of experimental animals decreased in the NPYR-fed group, which was evident from the increased in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO) of erythrocytes. However, @entity13474 seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage done by NPYR. Administration of NPYR resulted in a substantial and significant increase in LPO in all tissues, to a varying degree, though the effect was maximum in the case of the liver. Inclusion of @entity13474 seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage caused by NPYR in all tissues. The effect of NPYR administration on antioxidant potential was variable in different tissues, but the effect was reduced considerably on inclusion of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet, providing reasonable protection against NPYR-induced oxidative stress, and, hence, its @entity137 . Histopathological analysis of different tissues (heart, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys) showed mild to severe pathological changes among the control and experimental groups. However, the pathological effects of NPYR administration were markedly reduced with the addition of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet.

title: Protective role of dietary fibre on @entity40116 -induced @entity137 in @entity753 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity40116 :: ('MESH:D009242', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosopyrrolidine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence patterns in @entity1 who have undergone curative gastrectomy for advanced @entity356 can be classified as peritoneal, hematogenous, or lymphatic. The aim of this study was to clarify differences in risk factors between these different types of recurrence pattern. METHODS: Postoperative courses, including sites of recurrence and periods between surgery and recurrence, of @entity1 who had undergone curative gastrectomy for advanced @entity356 (more than pT2 invasion) were surveyed in detail. Clinicopathological factors were examined as potential independent risk factors for each recurrence pattern, based on recurrence-free survival, using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified depth of @entity5 invasion (pT4 vs. pT2/3; hazard ratio (HR), 7.05; P < 0.001), number of lymph node @entity3 ( @entity36359 vs. pN0/1; HR, 4.02; P = 0.001), and histological differentiation (G3/4 vs. G1/2; HR, 2.22; P = 0.041) as independent risk factors for peritoneal @entity3 . The number of lymph node @entity3 (HR, 26.21; P < 0.001) and @entity3 (HR, 5.09; P = 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for hematogenous @entity3 . The number of lymph node @entity3 (HR, 6.00; P = 0.007) and depth of @entity5 invasion (HR, 4.70; P = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for lymphatic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This study clarified differences in risk factors between various patterns of recurrence. Careful examination of risk factors could help prevent oversight of recurrences and improve detection of recurrences during follow-up. The number of lymph node @entity3 represents an independent risk factor for all three patterns of recurrence; thus, @entity1 with multiple lymph node @entity3 warrant particular attention.

title: Differences in risk factors between patterns of recurrence in XXXX after curative resection for advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'venous vessel invasion', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Topical hemostatic agents are used intra-operatively to prevent uncontrolled @entity548 . Gelfoam(  ) Powder contains a hemostatic agent prepared from purified pork skin gelatin, the efficacy of which is increased when combined with @entity19318 . However, the effect of increasing concentrations of @entity19318 on resultant hemostasis is not known. This study sought to evaluate the ability of various concentrations of @entity19318 in combination with Gelfoam Powder to control @entity548 using a @entity1707 @entity409 model. Ten @entity1707 underwent a midline laparotomy. @entity75 were created in the left medial, right medial, and left lateral lobes; six lesions per lobe. Gelfoam Powder was hydrated with @entity19318 -JMI(  ) diluted to 250, 375, and 770  IU/mL. Each concentration was applied to two lesion sites per lobe. Bleeding scores were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12  min using a 6-point system; comparison of @entity548 scores was performed using ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey test. The @entity548 scores with @entity19318 concentrations at 770  IU/mL were significantly lower than at 250 and 375  IU/mL at all four time points. The percentage of biopsies with a clinically acceptable @entity548 score rose from 37.9, 46.6, and 71.2  % at 3  min to 55.2, 69.0, and 88.1  % at 12  min in the 250, 375, and 770  IU/mL @entity19318 groups, respectively. The study showed that the hemostatic response to @entity19318 was dose-related: using higher concentrations of @entity19318 with Gelfoam Powder yielded improved hemostasis, as determined by lower @entity548 scores.

title: Improved @entity548 scores using Gelfoam(  ) Powder with incremental concentrations of bovine thrombin in a @entity1707 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Circular lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesion']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesion']


abstract: Freshwater resources are a high-priority issue in the Pacific region. Water shortage is a serious problem in many small island states, and many depend heavily on rainwater as the source of their water. Lack of safe water supplies is an important factor in @entity5163 . There have been no previous studies looking specifically at the relationship between climate variability and @entity294 in the Pacific region. We carried out two related studies to explore the potential relationship between climate variability and the incidence of @entity294 in the Pacific Islands. In the first study, we examined the average annual rates of @entity294 in adults, as well as temperature and water availability from 1986 to 1994 for 18 Pacific Island countries. There was a positive association between annual average temperature and the rate of @entity294 reports, and a negative association between water availability and @entity294 rates. In the second study, we examined @entity294 notifications in Fiji in relation to estimates of temperature and rainfall, using Poisson regression analysis of monthly data for 1978-1998. There were positive associations between @entity294 reports and temperature and between @entity294 reports and extremes of rainfall. These results are consistent with previous research and suggest that global climate change is likely to exacerbate @entity5163 in many Pacific Island countries.

title: The influence of climate variation and change on XXXX in the Pacific Islands.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity5163 :: (MESH:D004403,Disease) :: ['diarrheal disease']


abstract: Graves' orbitopathy can be associated with horizontal, vertical, and torsional @entity892 . Of 428 @entity1 treated with transantral orbital decompression, 21 had incycloduction (mean, 12.8 degrees; range, 5 to 20 degrees) and five had excycloduction (mean, 12 degrees; range, 5 to 20 degrees). All 26 @entity1 had had recessions of the medial or inferior rectus muscle (or both) before onset of torsional @entity892 . Mean recession was 5.5 mm (range, 4 to 10 mm) and 5.3 mm (range, 2 to 10 mm) of medial rectus muscle and inferior rectus muscle, respectively. An A pattern was often associated with the condition. Superior oblique tenectomy and inferior oblique myectomy were performed most frequently for incycloduction and excycloduction, respectively. Superior oblique tenectomy induced a mean incycloduction decrease of 7.1 degrees (range, 0 to 12 degrees). @entity5770 in downgaze was decreased, and a small ipsilateral hyperdeviation was induced. @entity75 in one @entity1 decreased excycloduction 10 degrees without inducing new deviation. At follow-up (mean, 63.7 months) after last strabismus operation, 15 @entity1 with incycloduction and two with excycloduction had no @entity892 .

title: Torsional XXXX after transantral orbital decompression and extraocular muscle surgery associated with Graves' orbitopathy.

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['Exotropia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral inferior oblique myectomy']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if it is preferable to extend chemotherapy beyond a standard number of cycles in @entity1 receiving first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: We searched biomedical literature databases and conference proceedings for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a defined number of cycles with continuation of the same chemotherapy until disease progression, a larger defined number of cycles of identical chemotherapy, and a defined number of cycles of identical initial chemotherapy followed by additional cycles of an alternative chemotherapy. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed effect model. The primary outcome was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ); secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AE), and health-related quality of life (HRQL). RESULTS: We found 13 RCTs including 3,027 @entity1 . Extending chemotherapy improved PFS substantially (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.81; P < .00001) and @entity1349 modestly (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.99; P = .03). Subgroup analysis revealed that effects on PFS were greater for trials extending chemotherapy with third-generation regimens rather than older regimens (HR, 0.70 interaction v 0.92 interaction; P = .003). Extending chemotherapy was associated with more frequent AE in all trials where it was reported and impaired HRQL in two of seven trials. CONCLUSION: Extending chemotherapy, particularly with a third-generation regimen, improved PFS substantially, but @entity1349 less so. Future trials should test extending treatment with more effective and/or better-tolerated agents.

title: Duration of chemotherapy for advanced XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The measurement of @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ) using the FloTrac    system (Edwards Lifescience, USA) is useful to estimate cardiac preload. We evaluated the benefits of @entity6355 monitoring for adjusting fluid supplementation during laparoscopic adrenalectomy under anesthesia in @entity1 with @entity1911 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among 10 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity1911 in our institution from June 2004 to December 2009, @entity6355 was not monitored in 5 @entity1 (group I) and in the other 5 @entity1 (group II), @entity6355 monitoring was performed. Subject age, height and body weight, total volume of fluid supplemented, @entity190 , urine output and net fluid in-out balance during the procedure were retrospectively assessed. In those with @entity6355 monitoring, infusion volume was adjusted for @entity6355 less than 13%. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the @entity1 age and body weight between the two groups (group I: 64.2 years old and 55.1 kg; group II: 43.6 years old and 71.7 kg). Both total infusion volume and urine output were significantly higher in group I compared with group II (5,610 vs. 2,400 ml and 1,125 vs. 750 ml, respectively). Total @entity190 was similar between the two groups. Values of the net fluid balance divided by the body weight and total anesthesia period (hr) were significantly lower in group II compared with group I (I; +13.2 in group I and +6.2 in group II, ml/kg/hr). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity6355 monitoring is helpful to estimate the optimal volume for fluid supplementation and could prevent excessive fluid infusion during surgical procedures.

title: Examination of the usefulness of non-invasive @entity64 volume variation monitoring for adjusting fluid supplementation during laparoscopic adrenalectomy in XXXX with @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The involvement of blood microvessels, representing the anatomic site of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in @entity75 induced by prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) was studied in four-week-old @entity35 . The immunogold procedure was applied for localization at the ultrastructural level of endogenous albumin and @entity413 transporter ( @entity13345 ) in three brain regions: cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. Four groups of @entity35 were used: (1) untreated control, (2) prenatally @entity2052 -treated, (3) prenatally LPS-treated, and (4) prenatally LPS- and @entity2052 -treated. The functional state of the BBB was evaluated as follows: (a) by its tightness, i.e., permeability to blood-borne albumin, and (b) by the expression of @entity13345 in the endothelial cells (ECs). Using morphometry, the labelling density for @entity13345 was recorded over luminal and abluminal plasma membranes of the ECs, also providing information on their functional polarity. No extensive increase of vascular permeability and/or any considerable dysfunction of the BBB in experimental groups nos. 2 and 3 were observed, although in solitary vascular profiles, increased endocytosis or even transcytosis of albumin by ECs was noted. In experimental group no. 4, some vascular profiles showed scanty leakage (microleakage), manifested by the presence of immunosignals for albumin in the perivascular area. Although some fluctuations in the expression of @entity13345 occurred in all experimental groups, especially in group no. 3, a most pronounced and significant diminution of the labelling density, in all three regions of the brain, was observed in group no. 4. This finding suggests the synergistic action of prenatally applied LPS and @entity2052 that affects specific transport functions of @entity413 in the microvascular endothelium. The diminished or disturbed supply of @entity413 to selected brain regions can be one of the factors leading to previously observed behavioral disturbances in similarly treated @entity35 .

title: Immunogold study of effects of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide and/or @entity1092 on the XXXX blood-brain barrier vessels.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the USA, stable intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV @entity3479 ) @entity1 have traditionally been cared for in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). We examined the safety of using an acuity-adaptable @entity64 unit (SU) to manage IV @entity3479 @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted an observational study of consecutive @entity1 admitted to our acuity-adaptable SU over the first 3 years of operation. Safety was assessed by symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH) rates, systemic @entity548 (SH) rates, @entity3479 -related @entity204 , and transfers from SU to @entity1213 ; cost savings and length of stay (LOS) were determined. RESULTS: We admitted 333 IV @entity3479 @entity1 , of which 302 were admitted directly to the SU. A total of 31 (10%) @entity1 had concurrent systemic hemodynamic or pulmonary compromise warranting direct @entity1213 admission. There were no differences in admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores between SU and @entity1213 @entity1 (9.0 versus 9.5, respectively). Overall sICH rate was 3.3% (n = 10) and SH rate was 2.9 (n = 9), with no difference between SU and @entity1213 @entity1 . No @entity3479 -related @entity204 occurred, and no SU @entity1 required transfer to the @entity1213 . Estimated hospital cost savings were US 362,400 for 'avoided' @entity1213 days, and hospital LOS decreased significantly (p = 0.001) from 9.8    15.6 days (median 5) in year 1, to 5.2    4.8 days (median 3) by year 3. CONCLUSIONS: IV @entity3479 @entity1 may be safely cared for in a SU when nurses undergo extensive education to ensure clinical competence. Use of the @entity1213 solely for monitoring may constitute significant overuse of system resources at an expense that is not associated with additional safety benefit.

title: XXXX unit admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: safety, clinical outcome, and hospital cost savings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Direct stroke']


abstract: AIM: To assess the incidence and clinical significance of medial joint line bone @entity2981 following acute ankle inversion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 who underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 weeks of acute ankle inversion injury were included in this prospective study. Integrity of the lateral collateral ligament complex, presence of medial joint line bone @entity2981 , tibio-talar joint effusion, and soft-tissue swelling were documented. Clinical follow-up at 6 months was carried out to determine the impact of injury on length of time out of work, delay in return to normal walking, delay in return to sports activity, and persistence of medial joint line @entity158 . RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 had tears of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). Twenty-six @entity1 had medial joint line bone @entity2981 with altered marrow signal at the medial aspect of the talus and congruent surface of the medial malleolus. A complete ATFL tear was seen in 92% of the @entity1 with medial joint line bone @entity2981 (p = 0.05). @entity1 with an ATFL tear and medial joint line bone @entity2981 had a longer delay in return to normal walking (p = 0.0002), longer delay in return to sports activity (p = 0.0001), and persistent medial joint line @entity158 (p = 0.0003). There was no statistically significant difference in outcome for the eight @entity1 without ATFL tears. CONCLUSION: Medial joint line bone @entity2981 following an acute ankle inversion injury was significantly associated with a complete ATFL tear, longer delay in the return to normal walking and sports activity, as well as persistent medial joint line @entity158 . Its presence should prompt detailed assessment of the lateral collateral ligament complex, particularly the ATFL.

title: Medial joint line bone XXXX at MRI complicating acute ankle inversion injury: what is its clinical significance?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity2981 :: (MESH:D003288,Disease) :: ['bruising']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a frequent microvascular complication of @entity6 , and one of the most common causes of @entity1939 in the world. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) produces an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect against various @entity1 diseases. In this study, we determined the effect of @entity3090 on a @entity1 retinal endothelial cell (HREC) line. The cell viability was determined by a standard @entity98 assay, while the cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory marker expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment of HRECs with @entity3090 (20 and 40 mM) led to a significant decrease in the apoptosis rate (2.35    0.56 and 1.24    0.32%). The culture supernatant of cells treated with high @entity413 concentrations showed significantly higher levels of @entity310 (598.7    89.7 vs 193.2    38.5 pg/mL; P < 0.001), @entity650 (6.16    0.51 vs 1.61    0.21 ng/mL; P < 0.001), and @entity2071 (31.6    4.4 vs 14.8    2.9 ng/mL; P < 0.001) compared to the cells in the control group. @entity3090 decreased the expression level of phosphorylated @entity1435 ( @entity1435 ) and @entity1366 . Moreover, @entity3090 was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Therefore, @entity3090 treatment ameliorated the negative effect of high @entity413 concentrations on the cell viability and apoptotic rate. The protective effects of @entity3090 under high @entity413 conditions may be attributed to the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of the @entity1435 /ERK- @entity7 pathway.

title: XXXX protects retinal vascular endothelial cells from high @entity413 stress in vitro via the @entity1435 /ERK- @entity7 pathway.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DR', 'Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38-mitogen activated protein kinase', 'MAPK']

entities_list: @entity1366 :: ('5595;5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social withdrawal is described as the condition in which an individual experiences a desire to make social contact, but is unable to satisfy that desire. It is an important issue for @entity1 with @entity4681 who are likely to experience severe @entity73 . This study aims to reassess the psychometric and scaling properties of the MND Social Withdrawal Scale (MND-SWS) domains and examine the feasibility of a summary scale, by applying scale data to the Rasch model. METHODS: The MND Social Withdrawal Scale was administered to 298 @entity1 with a diagnosis of MND, alongside the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. The factor structure of the MND Social Withdrawal Scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit, category threshold analysis, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), dimensionality and local dependency were evaluated. RESULTS: Factor analysis confirmed the suitability of the four-factor solution suggested by the original authors. Mokken scale analysis suggested the removal of item five. Rasch analysis removed a further three items; from the Community (one item) and Emotional (two items) withdrawal subscales. Following item reduction, each scale exhibited excellent fit to the Rasch model. A 14-item Summary scale was shown to fit the Rasch model after subtesting the items into three subtests corresponding to the Community, Family and Emotional subscales, indicating that items from these three subscales could be summed together to create a total measure for social withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Removal of four items from the Social Withdrawal Scale led to a four factor solution with a 14-item hierarchical Summary scale that were all unidimensional, free for @entity177 and well fitted to the Rasch model. The scale is reliable and allows clinicians and researchers to measure social withdrawal in MND along a unidimensional construct.

title: Assessing social isolation in XXXX : a Rasch analysis of the MND Social Withdrawal Scale.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['DIF', 'differential item functioning']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neurone disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate outcome after radiotherapy (RT) for @entity189 and investigate effects of local relapse on ultimate disease control, including surgical salvage procedures. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In all, 435 @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity7487 -cT4a) treated with primary RT were retrospectively analyzed. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for local relapse-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 38 months (range 1-144 months). The cumulative frequency of local recurrence was dependent on T stage: @entity7487 @entity5 10%, @entity18246 18%, @entity16178 23%, and cT4 36% (p<0.001). Salvage surgery for local persistent/recurrent disease was performed in 59 of 78 @entity1 (76%). The ultimate local control rates at 5 years (including salvage therapy) were 98, 98, 87, and 68% for @entity7487 , @entity18246 , @entity16178 , and cT4 @entity5 (p<0.001), respectively. For the @entity1 who developed local recurrence, the 5-year ultimate local control rates were 80, 88, 55, and 26% (p<0.001), respectively. Overall survival at 5 years was 68% for @entity1 without local relapse and 50% for @entity1 experiencing local failure (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, cT stage, cN stage, and @entity5 volume were statistically significant associated with local relapse-free survival. In multivariate analysis for the @entity16178 -4 @entity5 , only @entity5 volume remained statistically significant (HR 1.017, p=0.001) for local relapse-free survival. CONCLUSION: Local control rates for @entity42486 laryngeal @entity189 are favorable and in concordance with previous reports and most recurrences are salvaged. For @entity24902 @entity5 treated with RT alone, initial local control rates are moderate, and in 60% of recurring cases salvage surgery is attempted, with ultimate local control being achieved in only a subset. For voluminous, locally advanced @entity5 , more aggressive treatment modalities should be considered, including upfront laryngectomy or radiochemotherapy.

title: Definitive radiation therapy for treatment of XXXX : impact of local relapse on outcome and implications for treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The pacemaker and pattern generator that underlies the cyclical generation of spontaneous colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) has recently been identified to lie within the @entity20254 . Neither the mucosa, nor the release of substances from the mucosa were found to be required for the spontaneous generation of CMMCs. However, it is known that stretch applied to the colonic wall can also evoke CMMCs and since stretch of the gut wall is known to stimulate the mucosa, it is not clear whether release of substances from the mucosa and/or submucosal plexus are required for stretch-evoked CMMCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether circumferential stretch-evoked CMMCs require the presence of the mucosa and/or submucosal plexus in isolated @entity19 colon. Spontaneous CMMCs were recorded from full length sheet preparations of colon in vitro. Graded circumferential stretch (at a rate of 100    m/s) applied to a 15-mm segment of mid-distal colon reliably evoked a @entity37352 , which propagated to the oral recording site. Sharp dissection to remove the mucosa and submucosal plexus from the entire colon did not prevent spontaneous CMMCs and circumferential stretch-evoked CMMCs were still reliably evoked by circumferential stretch, even at significantly lower thresholds. In contrast, in intact preparations, direct stimulation of the mucosa (without accompanying stretch) proved highly inconsistent and rarely evoked a @entity37352 . These observations lead to the inescapable conclusion that the sensory neurons activated by colonic stretch to initiate CMMCs lie in the myenteric plexus, while the mechanoreceptors activated by stretch, lie in the @entity12088 . Stretch activation of these mechanoreceptors does not require release of any substance(s) from the mucosa, or neural inputs arising from @entity21915 .

title: Localization of the sensory neurons and mechanoreceptors required for stretch-evoked colonic migrating motor complexes in XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity20254 :: ('MESH:C537394', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric plexus and/or muscularis externa']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric ganglia and/or muscularis externa']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal ganglia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of this review was to identify and analyse all studies related to the effect of nonsetting @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] on root @entity174 and various mechanical properties of radicular dentine. A PubMed search was conducted using the keywords ' @entity6086 ' and 'dentistry' combined with MeSH terms 'tooth @entity174 ' or 'mechanical phenomena' or 'compressive strength'. The search was expanded by including Embase and Web of Science databases, using the keywords ' @entity6086 ' and 'root' and ' @entity174 '. The search was supplemented by checking the reference lists from each selected article. Each study had to meet the following criteria to be selected for review: (i) Inclusion of at least one experimental group with root or radicular dentine either filled with or exposed to nonsetting @entity15383 ; (ii) inclusion of at least one appropriate control group; and (iii) a minimum of five samples per experimental group. Only articles written in English were included. Of the 16 studies selected initially, 12 in vitro studies fulfilled the selection criteria for inclusion in the final review. No clinical studies that directly supported the correlation between @entity15383 intracanal dressing and root @entity174 were found in the literature. However, the majority of in vitro studies showed reduction in the mechanical properties of radicular dentine after exposure to @entity15383 for 5 weeks or longer. Conversely, the data were inconclusive regarding whether @entity15383 exposure for 1 month or less had a negative effect on the mechanical properties of radicular dentine.

title: The effect of nonsetting @entity6086 on root XXXX and mechanical properties of radicular dentine: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity5419 in @entity1 referred to our Allergy Unit and to evaluate the diagnostic methods used. METHODS: We selected 674 @entity1 referred to the Allergy Unit of our hospital from May 2002 to October 2004. The prevalence of symptoms was determined by a standardized questionnaire, prick-prick test, and serum specific IgE. In a second phase, double-blind oral challenge tests were administered. RESULTS: @entity5419 was found in 106 @entity1 (15.7 %): 71 adults (67 %) and 35 @entity1 (33 %). The prevalence of @entity6766 was 14 % in adults and 20.8 % in @entity1 . A total of 89.6 % of the @entity1 experienced symptoms immediately. Only 29.2 % the @entity1 of sought medical attention and @entity1425 was administered to five (16.1 %). The foods most frequently involved in @entity56 were fruits (56.6 %) and tree nuts (22.6 %). The most common symptoms were @entity566 (46.2 %), @entity110 (32.1 %), and @entity2021 (14.2 %). Combining the results of the questionnaire with those of prick-prick tests in @entity1 whose @entity566 was confirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (9.1 %) showed a sensitivity of 95.5 %, a negative predictive value of 96 %, a specificity of 75 % and a positive predictive value of 73 %. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The prevalence of @entity5419 in our sample was 9.1 %. 2. The foods most frequently involved in @entity56 were fruits and tree nuts. 3. The most common symptoms were @entity566 , @entity110 , and @entity2021 . 4. Combining our questionnaire with in vivo tests allowed us to diagnose 75-96 % of @entity1 with no @entity5419 and 95 % of @entity5419 @entity1 .

title: Study of XXXX in the Spanish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'Food allergy']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food allergen sensitization']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with advanced stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), chemotherapy and chemoradiation are the principal treatment modalities, and the role of surgical resection remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate current trends and oncologic outcomes for advanced stage @entity1149 . We hypothesized that surgery is associated with increased survival and may be an underutilized treatment modality. METHODS: The California @entity5 Registry was queried from 2004 to 2012 for cases of stage IIIA, IIIB, and IV @entity1149 , and we identified 34,016 cases. @entity1 were categorized by treatment group, and linear regression was used to calculate trends in treatment and predictors of treatment group. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were used to determine the influence of treatment group on overall survival. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of @entity1 (9,223 of 34,016) received no treatment. For the entire cohort, treatment with chemotherapy alone increased (p < 0.001), but treatment with radiation alone, surgery alone, or in any combination decreased (p  = 0.011, p < 0.001, p  = 0.021, p  = 0.007, and p  = 0.094). Treatment group, age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, stage, histology, and @entity5 size were all significant predictors of overall survival. Overall survival was significantly longer for @entity1 who had surgery as part of their treatment regimen (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with advanced stage @entity1149 , the use of multimodality regimens that include surgery are decreasing despite longer overall survival. Future studies are needed to identify the demographics and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity1149 who may benefit from surgery.

title: Surgical Management of Advanced XXXX Is Decreasing But Is Associated With Improved Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show that serum @entity2002 levels are established risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and that serum @entity2313 levels are of a higher specificity and @entity2915 in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In this study, we sought to evaluate the association between @entity2002 to @entity2313 ratio (FAR) and the extent and severity of @entity453 evaluated by TAXUS Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for the Treatment of Narrowed Arteries (SYNTAX) Score ( @entity2915 ) in @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: A total of 278 @entity1 with @entity583 were included in the study. FAR was calculated using specified variables. The extent and severity of @entity453 were evaluated using the @entity2915 . The @entity1 were divided into low- ( @entity2915 <22) and high- ( @entity2915 >= 22) risk groups. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis was used for the relationship between FAR and @entity2915 . The cutoff points for @entity2915 and specificity of FAR in predicting @entity2915 were estimated by performing a receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the mean age (P=.016), admission serum @entity2313 (P=.041), serum @entity2002 (P<.001), FAR (P<.001), and @entity2915 risk groups. Positive correlation was detected between FAR and @entity2915 (r=0.458, P<.001). A cutoff level of >87 FAR predicted @entity2915 ( @entity2915 , 70%; specificity, 70%), and an area under the curve of 0.758 serum @entity2002 and @entity2313 level was an independent predictor for @entity2915 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity41267 ; 95% confidence interval, 0.016-0.062; P=.001 and b=-6.906; 95% confidence interval, -12.284 to -1.527; P=.013, respectively). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we showed that FAR is significantly related to @entity2915 in predicting the severity of @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: The relationship between @entity2002 to @entity2313 ratio and severity of @entity453 in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['sensitivity', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) is an emergent technique for high-risk @entity1 with @entity472 . TAVI poses significant challenges about its management because of the procedure itself and the population who undergo the implantation. Two devices are currently available and marketed in Europe and several other technologies are being developed. The retrograde transfemoral approach is the most popular procedure; nevertheless, it may not be feasible in @entity1 with signi   cant aortic or ileo-femoral @entity455 . Alternatives include a transaxillary approach, transapical approach, open surgical access to the retroperitoneal iliac artery and the ascending aorta. A complementary approach using both devices and alternative routes tailored to the anatomy and the comorbidities of the single @entity1 is a main component for the successful implementation of a TAVI program. Anaesthetic strategies vary in different centers. Local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia are both valid alternatives and can be applied according to the @entity1 's characteristics and procedural instances. General anaesthesia offers many advantages, mainly regarding the possibility of an early diagnosis and treatment of possible complications through the use of transesophageal echocardiography. However, after the initial experiences, many groups began to employ, routinely, sedation plus local anaesthesia for TAVI, and their procedural and periprocedural success demonstrates that it is feasible. TAVI is burdened with potential important complications: @entity1317 , @entity943 , @entity16 , @entity2293 , prosthesis malpositioning and @entity887 and left main @entity1563 . The aim of this work is to review the anaesthetic management of TAVI based on the available literature.

title: Anaesthetic management of transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment, neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: To characterize dural sinus @entity715 (DST) @entity1 presenting with a syndrome simulating @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ), medical records of @entity1 initially diagnosed as having @entity5576 between 1980 and 1995 were analysed. Inclusion criteria were @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and a normal initial computed tomography (CT) scan. All @entity1 underwent angiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). @entity1 with @entity428 secondary to a determined disorder were excluded from the study. Forty-six @entity1 were included, 12 @entity1 had MRI/MRV or angiography findings compatible with DST and the remaining 34 @entity1 had no vascular pathology on neuroimaging studies and were considered to have @entity5576 . No clinical or auxiliary findings differed between the two groups except for younger age, which delineated the @entity5576 @entity1 . Two @entity1 with DST died during the study. Both were agitated, had a relatively rapid course of symptom progression, and a CSF pressure of over 40 cm water. We conclude that DST can be identified in 26% of @entity1 presenting with symptoms and signs typical of @entity5576 . It may be impossible to differentiate between @entity1 with and without DST if MRI/MRV or angiography are not performed in this scenario.

title: Features of dural sinus XXXX simulating @entity5576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor cerebri', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension', 'IH']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the additional effect of plasma exchange in treatment with @entity230 of severe @entity1737 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Groningen, the Netherlands. @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical course was analysed in 24 @entity1 with a total of 28 plasma exchange treatments. @entity229 was introduced or its maintenance dose was increased in 19 cases. Another 13 @entity1 with severe @entity1737 were included to study the effect of @entity229 monotherapy. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 treated with plasma exchange and @entity230 71% improved within the first week of treatment as against only 15% of the @entity1 treated with @entity229 monotherapy. After two weeks of plasma exchange plus @entity229 or @entity229 monotherapy, 88% and 69%, respectively were ameliorated. None of the @entity1 receiving plasma exchange deteriorated or experienced adverse effects or complications due to plasma exchange. Of the @entity1 receiving @entity229 monotherapy 31% deteriorated in the first week of treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with severe @entity1737 may safely be treated with plasma exchange in combination with @entity229 . In our @entity1 group, a state of rapid aggravation was cut short more quickly by @entity229 plus plasma exchange than by @entity229 monotherapy.

title: [Favorable results of plasmapheresis in severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of serum on the interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and endothelial cells in @entity1468 . METHODS: Seven severely pre-eclamptic @entity1 , five normal pregnant @entity1 , and four normal non-pregnant @entity1 were included in this study. Freshly isolated NK cells labeled with @entity3407 -51 were incubated on an endothelial cell monolayer in the presence of patient serum. In regard to the characteristics of adhesive molecules, the endothelial cells were blocked by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ); the NK cells were blocked by mAbs to leukocyte function-associated antigen ( @entity1453 ) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) before co-incubation. After incubation, the adherent cells were solubilized with 1% Triton X. The lysates were collected and counted in a gamma counter. RESULTS: The adhesion of NK cells to the endothelium in the normal pregnancy group decreased significantly in comparison to the non-pregnant group (7%vs 72%; P < 0.01). Adhesion in the severe pre-eclamptic group was significantly higher in comparison to the normal pregnant group (44%vs 7%; P < 0.01). The blocking percentages of mAbs on NK adhesion in the severe @entity1468 group were 49 +/- 4% to @entity1453 , 61 +/- 48%, 67 +/- 39% to VLA-4, @entity2071 , and 68 +/- 7% to @entity4725 . CONCLUSION: Sera from normal pregnant @entity1 suppress the adhesion between NK cells and endothelial cells, whereas the suppressive effect of sera from pre-eclamptic @entity1 has a diminished affect.

title: Effect of sera on the adhesion of natural killer cells to the endothelium in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intracellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: @entity73 is a common feature of @entity308 , often causing substantial and clinically meaningful dysfunction. Although the @entity308 are linked, the naturalistic course and response to treatment of these two aspects of @entity308 do not necessarily correlate. A variety of self-report and clinician-administered assessment scales which are specific for the measurement of social functioning and have good psychometric properties have been developed in the past 40 years. The most recent of these instruments is the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), a 21-item scale designed in 1989 to assess @entity1 response to antidepressant treatment. SASS was used in two clinical trials comparing @entity18891 , the new selective @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI), with @entity905 . While no difference in efficacy was detectable by traditional assessments of symptoms, @entity18891 proved to be significantly more effective than @entity905 in improving social functioning in @entity1 with @entity308 . @entity18891 was also more effective than @entity905 in rectifying social functioning in the subset of @entity1 who remitted from an episode of @entity308 . Specifically, @entity18891 improved @entity1 motivation, energy and self-perception. These results indicate that antidepressant therapy can achieve more than symptom relief in @entity308 . It is speculated that there may be a difference in the roles played by @entity750 and @entity1063 in social functioning.

title: Role of @entity750 and @entity1063 in social dysfunction: a review of data on XXXX and the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depression', 'depressive symptoms and social impairment', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Social impairment']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine', 'Reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity18891 :: (MESH:C074679,Chemical) :: ['reboxetine']


abstract: @entity2688 is an unusual presentation of @entity281 in renal allograft recipients. In such @entity1 , disseminated @entity281 can result in significant morbidity and mortality. @entity1 are often treated with antibiotics before a definitive diagnosis is made, delaying appropriate therapy. We describe the case of a 43-year-old post renal transplant recipient presenting with fever and @entity4 in the right thigh. On physical examination, the @entity1 was found to have features suggestive of @entity2688 with minimal slurring of speech. Material obtained from incision and drainage of the wound showed @entity375 cells resembling @entity1327 spp. Blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid culture were also found to have growth of @entity1327 . He received treatment with @entity2379 6 mg/kg daily intravenously for two weeks, then continued with @entity2380 400 mg daily for three months. The @entity1 showed a remarkable improvement. There was no recurrence of @entity1328 after four months of follow-up. The diagnosis of @entity1328 should be considered in differential diagnosis of @entity2688 among non @entity645 immunocompromised hosts. A high clinical suspicion and early initiation of therapy is needed to recognize and treat @entity1 effectively.

title: @entity1328 presenting as XXXX in a renal transplant recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus', 'Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis', 'Cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis', 'disseminated cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity2688 :: (MESH:D002481,Disease) :: ['cellulitis']


abstract: @entity1527 epimastigotes permeabilized with @entity11040 (65 micrograms (mg protein)-1) to measure mitochondrial respiration were exposed to different substrates. Although none of the @entity2125 -dependent substrates stimulated respiration, @entity4588 supported not only @entity26 consumption but also oxidative phosphorylation (respiratory control ratio of 1.9 +/- 0.3) indicating that the mitochondria were coupled. The rate of @entity2125 -dependent @entity26 consumption by membrane fractions (9.4 +/- 0.7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1) was reduced by 50% upon addition of catalase indicating that the electrons from @entity2125 oxidation reduced @entity26 to @entity274 . @entity2125 -dependent @entity274 production (16 +/- 1 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1) was confirmed using cytochrome c peroxidase. This activity was inhibited by @entity8516 by 70%, suggesting a competition between @entity8516 and @entity26 for the electrons from @entity2125 , probably at the @entity8516 reductase level. The respiratory chain inhibitor @entity11382 blocked both respiration by intact cells and @entity4588 -dependent cytochrome c by isolated membranes. No inhibition by @entity11382 was observed when @entity2125 replaced @entity4588 as an electron donor, indicating that the electrons from @entity2125 oxidation reduced cytochrome c through a different route. @entity12930 blocked not only @entity4588 -cytochrome c reductase and @entity8516 reductase, but also intact cell motility. These results suggest that @entity4588 has a central role in the intermediate metabolism of i. cruzi, as it may be used for respiration or excreted to the extracellular space under anaerobic conditions. In addition, 2 potential sources of @entity274 were tentatively identified as: (a) the enzyme @entity8516 reductase; and (b) a @entity4588 -dependent site, which may be the semiquinone form of @entity41384 , as in @entity1 mitochondria.

title: @entity4588 -dependent metabolism in XXXX epimastigotes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11382 :: ('MESH:C032456', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: It is well-known that idiopathic @entity9 of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves are caused by vascular compression at the root entry zone of the cranial nerves. Because they are functional diseases, initial treatment is medical, especially with @entity2049 . However, if medical therapy fails to adequately manage the @entity158 , microvascular decompression (MVD) is prescribed. @entity5587 is rare, and combined trigeminal and @entity5587 is an extremely @entity395 . A 70-year-old @entity1 presented herself to Hokkaido Neurosurgical Memorial Hospital because of paroxysms of lancinating @entity158 in her left pharynx and another lancinating @entity158 in her left cheek. @entity2049 , which was prescribed at another hospital, favorably relieved the @entity158 ; however, @entity203 compelled her to discontinue the medication. The multi-volume method revealed that a root entry zone of the left glossopharyngeal nerve was compressed by the left posterior @entity5487 , and the left trigeminal artery was compressed by the left superior cerebellar artery. MVD for both nerves was performed employing a left lateral suboccipital craniotomy. She experienced complete relief of @entity158 immediately after MVD. Combined trigeminal and @entity5587 is extremely rare, but some groups noted a relatively high incidence of concurrent @entity4254 in @entity1 with @entity5587 up until the 1970's. @entity5587 includes @entity158 near the gonion; therefore, there is an overlap of symptoms between glossopharyngeal and @entity4254 . By virtue of recent progress in imaging technology, minute preoperative evaluations of microvascular compression are possible. Until the 1970's, there might have been some misunderstanding regarding the overlap of symptoms because of lack of the concept of microvascular compression as a cause of @entity9 and rudimentary imaging technology. Minute evaluations of both symptoms and imaging are very important.

title: [A case of combined glossopharyngeal and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgias', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['Glossopharyngeal neuralgia', 'glossopharyngeal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia', 'neuralgias']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated whether @entity1295 is a persistent problem, and whether persistent @entity1295 is related to former treatment modalities. In addition, we studied the predictors of persistent @entity1295 . METHODS: At baseline (n=150, mean time since @entity5 treatment=29 months) @entity1 were asked to fill out several questionnaires on psychological, physical, social, cognitive and behavioral aspects (Ann. Oncol. 2002;13:589-598). During the 2 years after baseline @entity1 were asked to fill out monthly a @entity1295 questionnaire ( @entity1295 ). Hundred-twenty-one @entity1 completed the study, 10 dropped out and 19 had a disease recurrence. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of the @entity1 experienced persistent severe @entity1295 complaints during the 2-year observation period. Persistent @entity1295 seemed to be related to the duration of former treatment but unrelated to type of surgery, type of adjuvant therapy and time since treatment finished. High @entity148 , high impairment in role functioning and low sense of control over @entity1295 symptoms at baseline were predictors of persistent @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: Fatigue appears to be a persistent problem for a quarter of a sample of disease-free @entity0 @entity1 during a 2-year period. The predictors of persistent @entity1295 found in this study can be helpful for the development of interventions to reduce post-treatment @entity1295 .

title: The course of severe @entity0 XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['CIS-fatigue', 'fatigue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity11472 is one of rare manifestations of @entity378 described in atypical situations such as @entity1 , immune compromised @entity1 , or @entity734 . The present report describes the first case of @entity11472 developing after @entity130 in an otherwise healthy adult @entity1 . A 46-year-old female @entity1 presented with corneal infiltrate and @entity3225 that developed after an @entity4858 with wooden object. Corneal scrapings and vitreous tap were sterile. The @entity1 did not improve with antibiotics and developed @entity11472 . On evisceration of the @entity3856 , histopathology showed the presence of @entity32 and acid-fast bacilli. The @entity1 had no other @entity281 . The @entity1 was managed with anti-tubercular therapy for 6 months. Atypical presentations of @entity378 like @entity11472 pose a difficult problem in diagnosis as well as treatment. Direct inoculation of bacilli during @entity130 is a rare source of @entity281 . This case report presents unusual development of @entity11472 following direct inoculation of bacilli during @entity130 . @entity24181 should be considered in differential diagnosis of @entity3225 and @entity11472 , especially in @entity4759 regions like India.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity11472 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful blind eye']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['injury to right eye']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic focus of tubercular infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity24181 :: ('MESH:D014392', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity11472 :: ('MESH:D010202', 'Disease') :: ['Panophthalmitis', 'panophthalmitis', 'tubercular panophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 referred to a tertiary @entity158 clinic. The temporal relationship between the onset of @entity158 and @entity308 and @entity148 and the association of @entity146 with @entity158 intensity were also analyzed. METHOD: One hundred consecutive outpatients underwent a @entity146 assessment using the Structured Clinical Interview and Statistical Manual of @entity146 Axis I. RESULTS: The @entity146 diagnosed for the past 12 months included major @entity308 (37%), @entity148 (25%) and substance use disorder (12%). The prevalence of any lifetime @entity146 was 75%. Most @entity148 (77%) had been present before @entity158 onset, whereas 63% of the @entity308 appeared after the onset of @entity158 . Psychiatric morbidity was associated with increased @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1118 @entity1 have a remarkable @entity146 morbidity. A structured diagnostic interview, covering a large range of @entity146 diagnoses, allows a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of the @entity1 . This should improve the management of @entity1118 . However, prospective studies are needed to show this.

title: Psychiatric disorders as assessed with SCID in @entity1118 @entity1 : the XXXX precede the onset of @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: This study investigates (1) the utility of the bispectral index (BIS) to distinguish levels of @entity1662 in severely brain damaged @entity1 and, particularly, @entity47 (VS) from @entity47 ( @entity47 ), as compared to other EEG parameters; (2) the prognostic value of BIS with regards to recovery after 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN: Multi-centric prospective study. METHOD AND PROCEDURES: Unsedated @entity1 recovering from @entity772 were followed until @entity204 or transferal. Automated electrophysiological and standardized behavioural assessments were carried out twice a week. EEG recordings were categorized according to level of @entity1662 ( @entity772 , VS, @entity47 and Exit @entity47 ). Outcome was assessed at 1 year post-insult. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six EEG epochs obtained in 43 @entity1 were included in the analyses. BIS showed a higher correlation with behavioural scales as compared to other EEG parameters. Moreover, BIS values differentiated levels of @entity1662 and distinguished VS from @entity47 while other EEG parameters did not. Finally, higher BIS values were found in @entity1 who recovered at 1 year post-insult as compared to @entity1 who did not recover. CONCLUSION: EEG-BIS recording is an interesting additional method to help in the diagnosis as well as in the prognosis of severely brain injured @entity1 recovering from @entity772 .

title: Diagnostic and prognostic use of bispectral index in @entity772 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['MCS', 'disentangle vegetative state', 'minimally conscious state']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity47 :: (MESH:D018458,Disease) :: ['vegetative state and related disorders']


abstract: In 1982, Fisch described his results for the surgical treatment of 74 @entity1823 of the temporal bone, 5 years after his description of the infratemporal fossa approaches (types A and B). This study reviews the subsequent experience of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Z  rich with more than 136 surgically treated cases of @entity1823 of the temporal bone and discusses our current therapy 20 years after the initial description. One hundred nineteen (90%) of the @entity1 had advanced @entity5 (Fisch class C or C+D), and 81 (68%) had intracranial extension. Total @entity5 excision was possible in 109 (82%) @entity1 . Subtotal excision was performed in 22 (17%) @entity1 , 21 of whom had intradural @entity5 invasion. In these cases, the resection was limited not by actual @entity5 size but by the degree of intracranial intradural @entity5 extension. Partial @entity5 excision was undertaken in only 1 @entity1 with a C4De2Di2 @entity5 . The success rate in preservation of function of the lower cranial nerves was encouraging. Of the 69 @entity1 whose facial nerve status was followed post-operatively, 81% maintained Fisch grade 76 to 100% (House-Brackman grades I and II). Analysis of follow-up data ranging from 2 to 11 years demonstrated 98% disease-free survival when total @entity5 extirpation was possible. In the @entity1 who underwent subtotal or partial surgical resection there has been no subsequent @entity5 growth detected by either clinical or neuroradiological evaluation. We have confirmed after more than 20 years of experience that the infratemporal fossa approaches are a safe, highly effective means of surgical management of @entity1823 of the temporal bone, allowing eradication or arrest of disease with minimal morbidity. Limited intradural surgical resection in cases of very extensive @entity5 can greatly benefit @entity1 for whom complete excision is not an option.

title: An update on the surgical treatment of temporal bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']