abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) play important roles in @entity5 . The ability to detect and quantitate MAPKs in live animal models of @entity5 will facilitate an understanding of disease progression. We have developed a gene expression-based imaging system that detects and quantifies MAPK activity in @entity263 tumors implanted into severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 . The imaging technology uses a modified version of two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA). The tissue specificity of gene expression is imparted by an enhanced version of the prostate-specific antigen regulatory region that expresses @entity34425 - @entity37442 . @entity34425 - @entity37442 confers MAPK specificity by activating a firefly luciferase (FLuc) reporter gene when the Ets-like transcription factor ( @entity2498 ) 1 activation domain is phosphorylated by MAPK. FLuc activity in live animals was detected using the Xenogen In vivo Imaging System. We validated the TSTA- @entity37442 system by analyzing its response to epidermal growth factor treatment in transfected tissue culture cells and in adenovirus (AdTSTA- @entity37442 )-injected @entity263 xenograft @entity5 . We measured MAPK activity in two well-characterized xenograft models, CWR22 and LAPC9. Although no significant differences in MAPK levels were detected between @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent xenografts, the CWR22 models display significantly higher levels of AdTSTA- @entity37442 activity versus LAPC9. Western blots of @entity5 extracts showed that the elevated imaging signal in CWR22 xenografts correlated with elevated levels of phosphorylated @entity8837 but not @entity1995 or c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. We conclude that a gene expression-based optical imaging system can accurately detect and quantify MAPK activity in live animals.

title: Imaging mitogen-activated protein kinase function in xenograft models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity551 has become a well-recognized cause of @entity10 and a wide variety of other manifestations have been reported. Recently, several @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity5325 were reported. I now report two @entity1 with @entity5325 who developed multiple arterial @entity64 associated with @entity204 in one @entity1 , illustrating the spectrum of disease severity in @entity5325 . METHODS: Medical records and radiologic imaging of the two @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: Case 1. A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with an @entity10 . Neurologic examination was normal. MRI showed bilateral subdural fluid collections, @entity75 , and pachymeningeal enhancement. At lumbar puncture, the opening pressure was too low to record. He underwent two epidural blood patches with transient improvement of symptoms. His @entity10 progressed and a CT-myelogram showed a lower cervical CSF leak. Subsequently, periodic lethargy and @entity911 was noted and he then rapidly deteriorated. Examination showed @entity772 (GCS: 4 [E1, M2, V1]), a fixed and dilated right pupil, and decerebrate posturing. Bilateral craniotomies were performed for the evacuation of @entity6087 . Immediate postoperative CT showed bilateral posterior cerebral @entity1188 and a recurrent right subdural @entity1410 , requiring re-evacuation. Postoperative examination was consistent with @entity1620 and support was withdrawn.   Case 2. A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with a non-positional @entity10 . Neurologic examination was normal. CT showed bilateral @entity6477 and effacement of the basilar cisterns. MRI showed @entity75 , bilateral @entity3439 , and pachymeningeal enhancement. Bilateral craniotomies were performed and @entity3439 were evacuated. Postoperatively, the @entity1 became progressively lethargic (GCS: 8 [E2, M4, V2]) and variable degrees of pupillary asymmetry and @entity1688 were noted. MRI now also showed multiple areas of restricted diffusion in the pons and midbrain, consistent with @entity1188 . CT showed worsening subdural fluid collections with midline shift and increased effacement of the basilar cisterns. Repeat bilateral craniotomies were performed for evacuation of the subdural fluid collections. Neurologic examination was then noted to be fluctuating but clearly improved when lying flat (GCS: 10T [E4, M6, VT]). CT-myelography demonstrated an extensive cervico-thoracic CSF leak. An epidural blood patch was performed. The @entity1 made a good, but incomplete, recovery with residual @entity1688 and @entity1282 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity385 are rare, but potentially life-threatening complications of @entity5325 . The @entity64 are due to downward displacement of the brain and can be precipitated by craniotomy for evacuation of associated @entity3439 .

title: @entity64 and @entity204 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain sagging']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['artery infarcts', 'multiple infarcts']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute on chronic subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headache', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: Upon treatment with protein therapeutics, a subset of @entity1 will typically develop antibodies against the drug. These anti-drug antibodies can be of concern because they have the potential to alter the drug's therapeutic activity. In the case of relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS) @entity1 receiving recombinant interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ), those receiving @entity8975 ( @entity2391 -1b; @entity526 expressed, non-glycosylated, des-Met-1, @entity41289 recombinant @entity2391 ) have a higher incidence of @entity2391 specific antibodies compared to those receiving AVONEX ( @entity2391 -1a; @entity1 cell-expressed, natural sequence, glycosylated recombinant @entity2391 ). The current study reports the development and characterization of ELISAs that detect distinct components of the anti- @entity2391 response in @entity1 ' sera, and therefore can potentially be used to characterize the composition of the anti- @entity2391 antibody response. ELISAs were developed using a constant detecting reagent but a variety of @entity2391 -derived test antigens (e.g., native @entity2391 , biotinylated @entity2391 , @entity2391 peptides) and capture methods. Assays were characterized using serum samples from a small number of @entity1 treated with recombinant @entity2391 (either BETASERON or AVONEX). Assays in which @entity2391 was captured via a specific mAb, or in which biotinylated @entity2391 was captured via streptavidin, detected serum antibodies that recognize @entity2391 in its native structural state. In contrast, assays in which @entity2391 was coated directly onto the assay plates detected antibodies that recognize forms of @entity2391 possessing a folded structure distinct from the native structure. Certain epitopes present on native @entity2391 were not represented in these assays in which the test antigen was directly coated on plastic. Antibodies specific for linear epitopes could be detected using linear peptides as test antigens; the locations of these epitopes were mapped by reference to the X-ray crystal structure of @entity2391 -1a. Together, these data show that the mode of antigen presentation employed in @entity2391 ELISAs determines which antibody specificities are detected, and can affect whether or not a given serum sample is identified as positive for anti- @entity2391 antibodies. As a consequence, screening samples in a single ELISA format presenting @entity2391 in a non-native form may lead to underestimation of the incidence of @entity2391 treated @entity15 @entity1 that have generated antibodies specific to the native, active form of the drug.

title: ELISA methods for the analysis of antibody responses induced in XXXX @entity1 treated with recombinant interferon-beta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41289 :: ('p|SUB|C|17|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Cys17Ser']

entities_list: @entity8975 :: ('MESH:C044327', 'Chemical') :: ['BETASERON']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Receptor-mediated endocytosis in suspended hepatocytes was studied in conjunction with @entity855 levels of the cells, which were decreased by the use of metabolic inhibitors. The receptor system studied was the asialo-glycoprotein receptor, and multiple aspects of the endocytic pathway were examined: binding of ligand, internalization, intracellular transport and proteolysis. Moderate concentrations of the inhibitors (e.g. 30 microM @entity3788 or 200 microM @entity8867 ) produced only a transient decline in the @entity855 levels of the cells. Two to four times higher concentrations reduced the @entity855 levels to about 1/10 of control cells. At low levels of @entity855 (less than 30% of controls) the uptake ceased completely after 10-20 min. Moderate reductions brought about by @entity3788 reduced the uptake roughly in proportion to the @entity855 levels; @entity8867 and @entity3163 had little influence on the energy production by the cells, but the rate of asialo-glycoprotein uptake was reduced to a small fraction of controls. The effect of @entity3788 on the rate of uptake was mainly due to a lower rate of internalization of occupied receptors; the half-time for internalization of surface-bound ligand was increased from 2.9 to 6.2 min in the presence of 42 microM @entity3788 . The binding capacity of the cell surface was also somewhat lower. There was no degradation of the asialo-glycoproteins which were taken up by cells treated with high concentrations of @entity3788 or @entity8867 . This was shown to be due to a low rate of transport of the endocytosed protein into those endosomes (at density 1.15 g/ml in a @entity969 gradient) which were delivering their contents to the lysosomes; coincidentally, there was an accumulation of ligand in light endosomes (density 1.11 g/ml), in which the ligand appears immediately after endocytosis.

title: The influence of cellular XXXX levels on receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation of asialo-glycoproteins in suspended hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimation of serum concentrations of free @entity251 (FT) and bioavailable @entity251 (bioT) by calculation is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method. We compared results obtained with 5 different algorithms. METHODS: We used 5 different published algorithms [described by Sodergard et al. (bioTS and @entity36591 ), Vermeulen et al. (bioTV and FTV), Emadi-Konjin et al. (bioTE), Morris et al. (bioTM), and Ly et al. ( @entity31393 )] to estimate bioT and FT concentrations in samples obtained from 399 independently living @entity1 (ages 40-80 years) participating in a cross-sectional, single-center study. RESULTS: Mean bioT was highest for bioTS (10.4 nmol/L) and lowest for bioT(E) (3.87 nmol/L). Mean FT was highest for @entity36591 (0.41 nmol/L), followed by FTV (0.35 nmol/L), and @entity31393 (0.29 nmol/L). For bioT concentrations, the Pearson correlation coefficient was highest for the association between bioTS and bioTV (r = 0.98) and lowest between bioTM and bioTE (r = 0.66). @entity31393 was significantly associated with both @entity36591 (r = 0.96) and FTV (r = 0.88). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between @entity31393 and bioTM almost reached 1.0. Bland-Altman analysis showed large differences between the results of different algorithms. BioTM, bioTE, bioTV, and @entity31393 were all significantly associated with @entity443 ( @entity443 ) concentrations. CONCLUSION: Algorithms to calculate FT and bioT must be revalidated in the local setting, otherwise over- or underestimation of FT and bioT concentrations can occur. Additionally, confounding of the results by @entity443 concentrations may be introduced.

title: Calculation of bioavailable and free XXXX in @entity1 : a comparison of 5 published algorithms.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity935 in the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in normal cognition throughout the lifespan and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity146 such as @entity161 and @entity71 . Little is known, however, about the postnatal development of the dopaminergic system in the @entity1 prefrontal cortex. In this study, we examined pre- and post-synaptic markers of the dopaminergic system in postmortem tissue specimens from 37 individuals ranging in age from 2 months to 86 years. We measured the levels of @entity669 hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in @entity935 biosynthesis, using Western immunoblotting. We also examined the gene expression of the three most abundant @entity935 receptors (DARs) in the @entity1 prefrontal cortex: DAR1, DAR2 and DAR4, by in situ hybridization. We found that @entity669 hydroxylase concentrations and DAR2 mRNA levels were highest in the cortex of neonates. In contrast, the gene expression of DAR1 was highest in adolescents and young adults. No significant changes across age groups were detected in mRNA levels of DAR4. Both DAR1 and DAR2 mRNA were significantly lower in the aged cortex. Taken together, our data suggest dynamic changes in markers of the @entity935 system in the @entity1 frontal cortex during postnatal development at both pre-and post-synaptic sites. The peak in DAR1 mRNA levels around adolescence/early adulthood may be of particular relevance to @entity146 such as @entity161 in which symptoms manifest during the same developmental period.

title: Postnatal alterations in dopaminergic markers in the XXXX prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery often is recalcitrant to conventional medical management. Topical therapies have been popularized as a method to deliver powerful medications to diseased mucosa while limiting systemic @entity137 . The aim of this study was to develop an animal model that will provide objective data in studying the efficacy of topical medications and establish a platform for translation to @entity1 clinical trials. METHODS: The maxillary sinus ostium of white @entity95 was obstructed with a pledget through an antrostomy created in the anterior face of the maxilla. The sinus was inoculated with @entity5175 ) and 7 days later the antrostomy was reopened, the @entity3885 was removed, and a single lumen catheter was placed. Normal saline was irrigated through the catheter for 7 days in one group of @entity95 while a control group received no irrigation. At the end of 7 days, the @entity95 were euthanized, analyzed under light microscopy, and bacterial counts of the nasal lavage were determined. RESULTS: @entity1244 was confirmed in all @entity95 7 days after inoculation. Purulence, mucosal, and underlying @entity32 persisted in both the control and the saline irrigation groups at study end. Nasal lavage bacterial counts were persistently elevated throughout the study period, indicative of bacterial viability. CONCLUSION: An animal model has been created for the study of topical medications in @entity1244 . A novel catheter delivery system within an unoccluded maxillary sinus is described that will aid in efficacy studies of topical medications in the management of recalcitrant rhinosinusitis.

title: An animal model for the study of topical medications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity5175 :: ('208964', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bony inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['ostial obstruction']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies showed gender-associated differences in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) disease evolution and in the evolution of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences according to a number of conventional and nonconventional MRI measures in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHODS: We examined 763 consecutive @entity1 with @entity15 [499 (19.2% @entity1 ) relapsing-remitting (RR), 230 (24.8% @entity1 ) secondary-progressive, and 34 (44.1% @entity1 ) primary-progressive], 32 (21.9% @entity1 ) @entity1 with @entity922 ( @entity922 ), and 101 (30.7% @entity1 ) normal controls (NC). @entity1 were assessed using conventional and nonconventional MRI measures. Gender-related MRI differences were investigated using general linear model analysis, corrected for @entity15 disease type. RESULTS: In the total @entity15 group, male @entity1 showed lower normalized peripheral @entity62 ( @entity62 ) (P<0.001) and normalized @entity62 (P=0.011) volumes than female @entity1 . Female @entity1 presented lower normalized white matter (WM) volumes (P=0.011). These gender effects were not observed in NC. Male @entity1 also showed more advanced central @entity194 (P=0.022). In RRMS male @entity1 , there was also a higher lateral ventricle volume (P=0.001). The @entity62 -WM normalized ratio was lower for male @entity1 with @entity15 compared with male NC (0.97 vs. 1.09, P<0.001) but not in @entity1 with @entity922 compared with NC. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant gender-related differences regarding nonconventional MRI measures. @entity62 and central @entity194 are more advanced in male @entity1 , whereas @entity62 is more advanced in female @entity1 . These gender-related MRI differences may be explained by the effect of sex hormones on @entity75 and repair mechanisms.

title: Gender-related differences in XXXX : a study of conventional and nonconventional MRI measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM', 'WM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5532 ( @entity9268 ) is currently in clinical use to remove @entity68 from transfusion-dependent @entity1 with @entity2395 major, @entity3458 . However, its short half-life, burdensome, subcutaneous mode of administration and propensity to cause @entity2359 at high doses greatly hinder its use. Thus, developing an optimized version of @entity9268 with extended half-life, and reduced @entity137 is a major goal. Using high molecular weight (MW), non-toxic, hyperbranched @entity28844 with high functionality, we demonstrate that the efficacy of @entity9268 can be tuned with considerable reduction in @entity137 . Using @entity3392 embryos and @entity19 , we tested @entity137 , @entity68 removal efficacy with low dosing and the biodistribution of ultra-long circulating @entity9268 (ULC- @entity9268 ) conjugates. There was no significant difference in the mortality and development of @entity3392 embryos upon exposure to ULC- @entity9268 . Similarly, body weights and serum @entity880 dehydrogenase levels in @entity19 treated with ULC- @entity9268 remained within the normal range throughout the tolerance study. Moreover, ULC- @entity9268 is significantly more effective than low MW @entity9268 in promoting @entity68 removal both from organs and via urine in @entity68 overloaded @entity19 despite using a moderate, once-weekly dosing schedule. This is probably due to the extended circulation half-life of ULC- @entity9268 . The MW of ULC- @entity9268 influences the accumulation and biodistribution, with highest MW (637  KDa) associated with up to 12% accumulation in the liver. In contrast, ULC- @entity9268 with MWs of 75  KDa and lower were associated with relatively low organ accumulation, indicating that biodistribution of ULC- @entity9268 can be tuned. Since ULC- @entity9268 has improved @entity68 removal properties, longer plasma retention time and possesses excellent biocompatibility, it represents a polymer conjugate with high clinical utility in comparison to @entity9268 for the treatment of transfusion dependent @entity68 overload. More importantly, ULC- @entity9268 is anticipated to reduce the requirement for prolonged subcutaneous infusion of @entity9268 .

title: In  vivo efficacy, XXXX and biodistribution of ultra-long circulating @entity5532 based polymeric @entity68 chelator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle-cell anemia and the myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity28844 :: ('MESH:C043941', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a case of @entity2657 and @entity3976 due to @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 37-year-old healthy female developed persistent severe @entity10 , and after 1 month of persistent @entity10 , developed an episode of @entity909 . CT brain showed @entity2657 and effacement of the sulci and basal cisterns. Her initial neurological examination was nonfocal but with severe @entity10 . Overnight, she acutely became unresponsive with fixed @entity384 , @entity591 , and @entity101 . She was intubated and treated with hypertonic saline and @entity2656 with improvement in her clinical status. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) monitor showed elevated ICPs to 37 mmHg which responded to @entity2656 . MRI brain showed diffuse @entity4 without enhancement. Cerebral angiogram was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid including infectious work-up was negative. With supportive care, her mental status improved. On her 3 month follow-up visit, she was asymptomatic and had returned to work. Repeat MRI brain at 3 months showed persistent white matter changes that subsequently resolved at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity16757 is typically considered to have a benign clinical course, clinician should be aware that severe cases can present with @entity2657 and associated complications including intracranial @entity101 and @entity3976 .

title: Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome presenting with XXXX and @entity3976 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral edema', 'global cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated pupils']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vasogenic edema predominantly in the white matter']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['PRES', 'Posterior Reversible Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['global cerebral edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The comorbidity of @entity158 and @entity308 is associated with high disease burden for @entity1 in terms of disability, wellbeing, and use of medical care. @entity1 with major and minor @entity308 often present themselves with @entity158 to a general practitioner and recognition of @entity308 in such cases is low, but evolving. Also, physical symptoms, including @entity158 , in @entity308 , predict a poorer response to treatment. A multi-faceted, @entity1 -tailored treatment programme, like collaborative care, is promising. However, treatment of @entity1118 conditions in @entity308 @entity1 has, so far, received limited attention in research. Cost effectiveness of an integrated approach of @entity158 in @entity308 @entity1 has not been studied. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a placebo controlled double blind, three armed randomized multi centre trial. @entity1 with (sub) @entity1118 and a @entity308 are randomized to either a) collaborative care with @entity4480 , b) collaborative care with placebo or c) @entity4480 alone. 189 completers are needed to attain sufficient power to show a clinically significant effect of 0.6 SD on the primary outcome measures (PHQ-9 score). Data on @entity308 , @entity148 , mental and physical health, medication adherence, medication tolerability, quality of life, @entity1 -doctor relationship, coping, health resource use and productivity will be collected at baseline and after three, six, nine and twelve months. DISCUSSION: This study enables us to show the value of a closely monitored integrated treatment model above usual pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, a comparison with a placebo arm enables us to evaluate effectiveness of @entity4480 in this population in a real life setting. Also, this study will provide evidence-based treatments and tools for their implementation in practice. This will facilitate generalization and implementation of results of this study. Moreover, @entity1 included in this study are screened for @entity158 symptoms, differentiating between nociceptive and @entity9 . Therefore, @entity158 relief can be thoroughly evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR1089.

title: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of transmural collaborative care with consultation letter (TCCCL) and @entity4480 for @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and (sub) XXXX in collaboration with primary care: design of a randomized placebo-controlled multi-Centre trial: TCC:PAINDIP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the percutaneous permeation pathways of cell penetrating peptide modified lipid nanoparticles and @entity3952 modified polymeric nanoparticles. METHODS: Confocal microscopy was performed on skin cultures (EpiDermFT   ) for modified and un-modified nanoparticles. Differential stripping was performed following in vitro skin permeation of @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) encapsulated nanoparticles to estimate Ibu levels in different skin layers and receiver compartment. The hair follicles (HF) were blocked and in vitro skin permeation of nanoparticles was then compared with unblocked HF. The surface modified nanoparticles were investigated for response on @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ). RESULTS: Surface modified nanoparticles showed a significant higher (p   <   0.05) in fluorescence in EpiDermFT    cultures compared to controls. The HF play less than 5% role in total nanoparticle permeation into the skin. The Ibu levels were significantly high (p   <   0.05) for surface modified nanoparticles compared to controls. The Ibu levels in skin and receiver compartment were not significantly different when HF were open or closed. Modified nanoparticles showed significant improvement in treatment of @entity3408 compared to solution. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that increased skin permeation of surface modified nanoparticles is not only dependent on a follicular pathway but also occur through non-follicular pathway(s).

title: Investigation of follicular and non-follicular pathways for polyarginine and XXXX -modified nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), the current "gold-standard" measure of arterial stiffness, has emerged as an important independent predictor of cardiovascular events. The increased @entity122 is recognized as an indicator of @entity731 . The relationship between isolated @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and carotid-femoral @entity122 has not been well-described. The aim of our study was to assess this relation. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity453 without any visible @entity3979 and 24 control subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries were enrolled to this cross-sectional observational study. Applanation tonometry was applied to assess the carotid-femoral @entity122 . Statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for the evaluation of the relations of parameters. RESULTS: The baseline clinical and laboratory parameters of the both groups were similar. @entity1 with @entity453 had significantly higher carotid-femoral @entity122 compared to control subjects (10.5  2.4 vs 9.2  1.7 m/s, p=0.02). In multiple regression analysis, age (beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.001-0.094, p=0.04), number of ectatic vessels (beta=0.24, 95% CI=0.044-1.07, p=0.03), and systolic blood pressure (beta=0.52, 95% CI=0.028-0.1, p=0.001) were found independently related to @entity122 . CONCLUSION: We have shown an association between increased carotid-femoral @entity122 and @entity453 , suggesting that @entity731 may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity453 without any @entity3979 in the adult population.

title: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in XXXX with isolated @entity453 : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery ectasia', 'CAE', 'isolated CAE']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is relatively common in Orientals. We reviewed the outcome of 214 @entity1 (137 males) who were followed for 8.6 +/- 5.2 years (range 0.1 to 24.3) and addressed the issue regarding the necessity and optimum timing of closing subarterial defects before development of @entity886 . Demographic data, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic findings, cardiac catheterization results, and operative findings were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis was performed to assess the development of @entity886 over time. Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity120 underwent surgical closure of @entity1757 at the age of 2.4 +/- 2.9 years. No @entity1 had aortic cusp prolapse before operation and none developed aortic cusp prolapse or @entity337 ( @entity337 ) on follow-up. In contrast, of the 139 asymptomatic @entity1 managed conservatively, 102 (73%) developed aortic cusp prolapse, 78% of whom (80 of 102) developed @entity337 . The prevalence of aortic cusp prolapse and @entity337 at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years old was 8%, 30%, 64%, and 83%, and 3%, 24%, 45%, and 64%, respectively. Significant prolapse or @entity337 prompted surgical closure of @entity1757 with (n = 22) or without (n = 26) valvoplasty in 48 of 102 @entity1 (47%). The size of the @entity1757 was significantly larger in @entity1 with @entity712 (9.6 +/- 3.3 mm) or aortic cusp prolapse (11.7 +/- 4.1 mm) compared with those without @entity712 (4.5 +/- 1.4 mm, p <0.001). All @entity1 with aortic cusp prolapse and all but 1 with @entity712 had a defect size of > or =5 mm. In conclusion, subarterial @entity1757 of > or =5 mm should be closed as early as possible to prevent development of aortic cusp prolapse and @entity337 . Asymptomatic @entity1 with small defects <5 mm could be managed conservatively.

title: Analysis of indications for surgical closure of subarterial XXXX without associated aortic cusp prolapse and @entity337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve deformities', 'aortic valve complications']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'Subarterial ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: For the cultural control of @entity1327 (Cr.n.), among the routinely examined standard specimens like CSF, sputum, blood, etc., urine earns special attention. The combination of membrane filtration technique (MFT) and Staib agar for the detection of Cr.n. from body fluids as described by Staib in 1963 was used for the cultural isolation of Cr.n. from urine of @entity791 @entity1 . In 3 examplary cases the diagnostic significance of this method could be demonstrated: The brown colour effect (BCE) of Cr.n. of a single CFU, as well as in colonies growing with a high density, was produced on average within 3-5 d/26 degrees C. The method was found to be useful for the evaluation of antimycotic therapy. One example of the survival of a few CFUs of Cr.n. under treatment with @entity2380 as compared to the efficacy of therapy with @entity2379 + @entity4895 , and one example of a re-emergence of Cr.n. in the urogenital tract after a too short duration of treatment with @entity2379 + @entity4895 are shown. For the exclusion of the survival of single CFUs of Cr.n. in the urogenital tract of males, quantities up to 1 l of urine for the combination of MFT and Staib agar are proposed. As a secondary observation, it was found that this diagnostic combination in addition to its primary purpose, can serve to detect the metabolic end products of the @entity1 body present in urine which may influence capsule formation of Cr.n. neoformans.

title: Use of the membrane filtration technique and Staib agar for the detection of @entity1327 in the urine of @entity791 XXXX --a contribution to diagnosis, therapy and pathogenesis of cryptococcosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Wrist @entity174 are common in older adults and are expected to increase because of ageing populations worldwide. The introduction of plate and screw fixation has changed the management of this @entity130 in many @entity1 . For policymaking it is essential to gain insight into trends in epidemiology and healthcare utilisation. The purpose of this study was to determine trends in incidence, hospitalisation and operative treatment of wrist @entity174 . METHODS: A population-based study of @entity1 aged 50 years and older using the Dutch National Injury Surveillance System and the National Hospital Discharge Registry. Data on emergency department visits, hospitalisations and operative treatment for wrist @entity174 within the period 1997-2009 were analysed. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the age-standardised incidence rate of wrist @entity174 decreased from 497.2 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 472.3-522.1) in 1997 to 445.1 (422.8-467.4) in 2009 (P for trend < 0.001). In @entity1 , no significant trends were observed in the same time period. Hospitalisation rates increased from 30.1 (28.3-31.9) in 1997 to 78.9 (75.1-82.8) in 2009 in @entity1 (P < 0.001), and from 6.4 (6.0-6.8) to 18.4 (17.3-19.5) in @entity1 (P < 0.001). There was a strong increase in operative treatment of @entity174 , especially due to plate fixation techniques in all age groups. CONCLUSION: Incidence rates of wrist @entity174 decreased in @entity1 and remained stable in @entity1 , but hospitalisation rates strongly increased due to a steep rise in operative treatments. The use of plate and screw fixation techniques for @entity174 increased in all age groups.

title: Epidemiology and health-care utilisation of wrist XXXX in older adults in The Netherlands, 1997-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity875 ( @entity875 ), a member of the @entity563 / @entity1889 Aurora kinase family, plays an important role in ensuring genetic stability during cell division. Previous studies indicated that @entity875 possesses oncogenic activity and may be a valuable therapeutic target in @entity5 therapy. However, the role of @entity875 in the most common @entity259 , @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), remains largely unknown. In @entity1 with @entity3557 , @entity5 cell migration and invasion account for most of the @entity3 , recurrence, and @entity5 . @entity12386 ( @entity12386 ) is the most important effector of actin polymerization and depolymerization, determining the direction of cell migration. Here, we assessed the correlation between @entity875 and @entity12386 in @entity3557 with @entity1600 . Tissue microarray data showed that simultaneous overexpression of @entity875 and @entity12386 correlated with @entity1600 in @entity259 tissue. Inhibition of @entity875 suppressed @entity259 cell migration in  vitro and decreased @entity1600 in @entity19 . Importantly, @entity875 increased the non-phosphorylated, active form of @entity12386 in @entity15293  cells, thus promoting @entity5 @entity1600 . Our findings indicate that the combination of @entity875 and @entity12386 may be useful as a molecular prediction model for @entity1600 in @entity259 and raise the possibility of targeting @entity875 and @entity12386 for more effective treatment of @entity259 .

title: Aurora kinase A induces @entity3557 XXXX by promoting @entity12386 activity.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cell migration and thyroid cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: The pathogenesis of nonimmunogenic @entity2743 caused by @entity8170 --with the exception of true toxic adenoma--was investigated in 11 @entity1 by means of scintigraphic, morphologic and autoradiographic technics. The basic event is the appearance, for unknown reasons, of autonomously functioning follicles which are morphologically indistinguishable from normal follicles. Four basic patterns of intrathyroidal distribution of autonomously functioning follicles are individualized: Type I = multiple individual autonomously functioning follicles scattered throughout the @entity5651 . Type II = clustered autonomous follicles without demarcation from less active parenchyma. Type III = multiple microadenomas. Type IV = autonomous function of the majority of all follicles. In all four types, the autonomous follicles occur without recognizable relation to nodule boundaries. Scintiscans cannot predict the microstructure of these types of @entity5651 . More than one pattern of distribution of autonomously functioning follicles may occur within a single @entity5651 . The growth of thyroid nodules is independent of, and certainly not a prerequisite to, @entity2743 . Rather, the appearance of @entity2743 in this type of @entity1376 depends on (1) the number of autonomous follicles throughout the gland and (2) their mean hormone-producing capacity per unit of time.

title: Morphologic and functional substrate of XXXX caused by @entity8170 .

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiters']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'goiters']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: Athletes, in particular endurance athletes and dancers, are chronically exposed to a state of low energy availability due to insufficient dietary energy intake and massive exercise energy expenditure. @entity258 sometimes causes @entity79 , thereby increasing the risk of @entity79 . Although the decrease in energy availability shows no sexual dimorphism, epidemiological studies have reported that @entity79 are less frequent in male athletes than in female athletes. We hypothesized that bone tissue was not affected by low energy availability in males. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of food restriction combined with voluntary running training on bone morphology and strength in adult male @entity35 . Fourteen-week-old male @entity35 were divided randomly into four groups: control (C) group, food restriction (R) group, exercise (Ex) group, and food restriction plus exercise (REx) group. For the R and REx groups, 30 % food restriction was carried out in comparison with the C group. Bone strength, @entity79 ( @entity79 ), bone architecture, and bone turnover rate were measured after a 13-week experimental period. Bone strength was not significantly lower in the REx group compared with the C group. @entity79 and trabecular bone volume showed no difference among groups. These findings indicate that bone morphology and strength were little affected by food restriction combined with exercise training in adult male @entity35 .

title: Influence of food restriction combined with voluntary running on bone morphology and strength in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone fragility', 'bone disorders']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low energy availability']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Sixteen healthy ponies were inoculated IV with @entity30953 -infected P388D1 @entity19 monocytes. Of the 16 ponies, 15 developed clinical signs of @entity1641 @entity1960 . Twenty-four hours after onset of fever (rectal temperature > 38.8 C), 7 ponies were treated with 25 mg of @entity8657 /kg of body weight and 10 mg of @entity1215 /kg, given orally every 12 hours for 5 days. The remaining 8 ill ponies served as nontreated controls. All ponies were observed for progression of clinical signs typical of @entity1641 @entity1960 . Within 12 hours of initiation of treatment, 4 of the 7 treated ponies had rectal temperature < 38.4 C and, within 24 hours, 6 of the 7 ponies had rectal temperature < 38.3C. In contrast, all control ponies had rectal temperature > 39.2 C at 24 hours (P < 0.05). Of the 7 treated ponies, 4 no longer had signs of @entity308 after the second day of treatment, and only 1 of the 7 ponies had mild signs of @entity308 after the third day of treatment. In contrast, control ponies had high @entity308 score during the observation period (P < 0.05). Feed intake improved in ponies of the treatment group, with feed intake of 4 of the 7 ponies returning to normal; the other 3 ponies were only mildly anorectic by the second day of treatment. Control ponies progressively decreased their feed intake during the observation period (P < 0.05). One control pony and 2 treated ponies developed @entity294 before the treatment/observation period began. Only 1 treated pony developed @entity294 after treatment began. Of the 8 control ponies, 7 developed @entity294 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of treatment with erythromycin and @entity1215 during the acute stages of experimentally induced XXXX @entity1960 in ponies.

entities_list: @entity8657 :: ('MESH:C011462', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin stearate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['mental depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ehrlichial colitis']

entities_list: @entity30953 :: ('950', 'Species') :: ['Ehrlichia risticii']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 is a major contributor to @entity2412 including @entity1066 , @entity295 and limb loss. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of this previously undocumented clinical marker of @entity1897 , the "slipping slipper sign" ( @entity11169 ), characterised by unrecognised loss of slippers from one's feet while walking, and to compare it with traditional clinical tests for @entity1897 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between a positive @entity11169 and @entity1897 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 105 @entity6 outpatients without active foot problems, 40 @entity6 inpatients with active @entity295 , and 69 other @entity1 with neither @entity6 nor active @entity295 as negative controls. Demographic data, clinical @entity16 scores and the presence or absence of the @entity11169 were obtained. RESULTS: No control subjects had a positive @entity11169 . In contrast, 64 of 145 @entity6 @entity1 had severe @entity16 of whom 53 had a positive @entity11169 (83% sensitivity) and 74 of 81 without severe @entity16 had a negative @entity11169 (91% specificity). @entity6 @entity1 with concurrent @entity295 had a higher frequency of severe @entity16 (70%) and positive @entity11169 (65%) compared with those without (36% and 35%, respectively, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a positive @entity11169 was strongly related to severity of @entity16 independent of duration of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The @entity11169 reflects severe @entity1897 and is particularly prevalent among those with active foot disease. @entity1 who have experienced the @entity11169 should be encouraged to seek attention and preventive action taken.

title: The slipping slipper sign: a marker of severe XXXX and @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'foot sepsis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral neuropathy', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: @entity1718 as components of cuticular lipids of insects play a significant role in antifungal in protection against @entity364 . The chemical composition of cuticular and internal extracts obtained from all developmental stages of flesh flies Sarcophaga carnaria was identified. The @entity1718 were detected using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the most abundant for all examined stages were: 18:1 > 16:0 > 16:1 > 18:0 > 18:2. @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) C20 were found in both, cuticular and internal extracts. GC-MS analysis showed higher relative content of @entity5204 in adults than in preimaginal stages. @entity1718 alone as well as their cuticular and internal extracts obtained from larvae, pupae male and female of S. carnaria were tested according to their potential antimicrobial activity against entomopathogenic fungi: Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Lecanicillium lecanii, @entity20703 , @entity20702 (Tve-N39) and @entity20702 (Dv-1/07). @entity6809 presented diverse antimicrobial activity depending on the length of the chain and the presence of unsaturated bonds. Short chain and unsaturated @entity6809 (6:0, 11:0, 13:0) have shown significantly stronger activity against fungi but they were detected in lower concentrations. @entity5204 inhibit fungal growth more effectively than unsaturated long chain @entity1718 . Cuticular and internal extracts of all living forms of S. carnaria exhibited approximately equal activity against tested entomopathogenic fungi. We presumed that the most abundant saturated long chain @entity6809 and additionally @entity5204 founded in our analysis are involved in protecting the flies against @entity364 .

title: The antifungal activity of XXXX of all stages of Sarcophaga carnaria L. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity20702 :: ('475271', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana', 'B. bassiana']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids', 'fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity1244 following nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is an almost overlooked complication. The pathogenesis is believed to be development of @entity4 of the nasal mucosa due to irritation by the tube in the nasal cavity. The size of the tube is probably not important, whereas the duration of intubation is of major importance. The infection is often caused by Gram-negative microorganisms. The frequency is found to be 0.3% in short term intubation (less than 5 days) and 40.4% in long term intubation (greater than 5 days). In neurosurgical @entity1 treated with NTI @entity1244 is found in 52% and 100% of the @entity1 . In adults the indications for prolonged NTI instead of orotracheal intubation and early tracheostomy should be considered carefully. If @entity221 or @entity295 develops in @entity1 treated with NTI, investigations for @entity1244 should be included in the search for focus. When @entity1244 has developed, the tube should be removed, and the @entity1 tracheostomised. If this treatment fails, surgical drainage should be performed.

title: [ XXXX caused by nasotracheal intubation].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['Sinusitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ionizing radiation causes depletion of hematopoietic cells and enhances the risk of developing secondary @entity1583 . @entity270 analog @entity39448 (GT3), which has anticancer properties, promotes postirradiation hematopoietic cell recovery by enhancing spleen colony-forming capacity, and provides protection against radiation-induced lethality in @entity19 . However, the underlying molecular mechanism involved in GT3-mediated postirradiation survival is not clearly understood. Recent studies have shown that natural dietary products including @entity270 provide a benefit to biological systems by modulating microRNA ( @entity21445 ) expression. In this study, we show that GT3 differentially modulates the @entity21445 footprint in the spleen of irradiated @entity19 compared to controls at early times (day 1), as well as later times (day 4 and 15) after total-body irradiation. We observed that @entity21445 expression was altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner in GT3-pretreated spleen tissues from total-body irradiated @entity19 . GT3 appeared to affect the expression of a number of radiation-modulated miRs known to be involved in hematopoiesis and lymphogenesis. Moreover, GT3 pretreatment also suppressed the upregulation of radiation-induced @entity899 , suggesting the function of GT3 in the prevention of radiation-induced damage to the spleen. In addition, we have shown that GT3 significantly reduced serum levels of @entity24817 , a biomarker of radiation-induced @entity236 . Further in silico analyses of the effect of GT3 implied the association of @entity1995 , @entity13436 and insulin signaling pathways. Our study provides initial insight into the mechanism by which GT3 mediates protection of spleen after total-body irradiation.

title: @entity39448 Modulates Radiation-Induced MicroRNA Expression in XXXX Spleen.

entities_list: @entity39448 :: ('MESH:C013649', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-tocotrienol']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: For a single-dose @entity137 assessment, five @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 (ages 29-46 years) were treated with intracavitary alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). The trial tested the hypothesis that alloreactive CTL, sensitized to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins of the @entity1 , offer selective, targeted killing of @entity11 cells that express MHC. @entity1 lymphocytes, which also express MHC, were irradiated and placed into CellMax artificial capillary systems with lymphocytes from MHC-disparate donors and CTL developed over a 2- to 3-week period with a low concentration of @entity1199 . The CTL largely expressed CD3 and @entity1453 / @entity405 markers and lysed targets displaying @entity1 MHC. CTL were implanted into the @entity5 bed at surgery and a catheter was used for subsequent infusions. @entity1 received one to five treatment cycles every other month; one cycle generally consisted of two or three CTL infusates administered within a 1- to 2-week period. Different unrelated donors were used for each cycle. Treatment was well tolerated; transient @entity137 at grades 1-3 was recorded by NCI Common @entity137 Scale criteria. Two @entity463 @entity1 have died; one from @entity5 recurrence locally and the other from recurrence at a site distant from the treatment. Two of the five @entity1 completed five cycles; one @entity3271 @entity1 shows no evidence of @entity5 30 months from the start of immune therapy and an @entity816 @entity1 shows stable disease 28 months after initiation of therapy. One @entity3271 @entity1 , who dropped the protocol during her second treatment cycle, has no evidence of @entity5 28 months after recurrence.

title: Treatment of recurrent XXXX with intracavitary alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of @entity5 will, at some stage, move from pediatric to adult care and/or to a different model of care to continue to receive long-term follow-up. Literature relating to transitional care for childhood onset conditions exists, but little research has been undertaken into transition in a @entity5 context, specifically from an experiences perspective. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report how the process of transition should be considered within the context of young @entity1 's entire illness experience and how that experience can impact their transition readiness. INTERVENTION/METHODS: A qualitative, collective case study approach was adopted. Semistructured interviews were conducted with young @entity1 , parents, and healthcare professionals. Young @entity1 's oncology case notes were also reviewed. RESULTS: Data analysis generated a multidimensional and multiple-perspective understanding of the experience of the process of transition. A central orienting theme was identified: the experience of readiness in the context of transition. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the multifaceted components of readiness is crucial; readiness should embody @entity1 's illness experiences, the numerous and associated losses intertwined with a move from pediatric to adult care, and the simultaneous developmental changes occurring in @entity1 's lives. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings provide a meaningful framework to understand the experience of transition from the perspective of young @entity1 , parents, and healthcare professionals. These findings could help with the planning and preparation of individualized transitional care pathways for survivors of @entity5 .

title: "It's just going to a new hospital     that's it." Or is it? An experiential perspective on moving from pediatric to adult XXXX services.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity618 ( @entity618 ) inhibits a key enzyme of the de novo synthesis of @entity10228 in T and B lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity618 in @entity1 with refractory renal allograft rejection. @entity1 eligible for the study had previously undergone anti-rejection therapy with high-dose @entity230 or OKT3 monoclonal antibody. All rejection episodes were proven by renal biopsy. Successful rescue was achieved in 52 (69%) @entity1 . Rescue was more successful when @entity1 were entered with a @entity1011 of 4 mg/dL or lower (79%), versus a 52% rescue rate in @entity1 entered with a @entity1011 of 4 mg/dL or above. Major side effects were predominantly gastrointestinal, but there was no overt nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or @entity236 . The overall infection rate was 40%, with the spectrum of infections characteristic for the highly immunocompromised @entity1 . The conclude that this pilot study suggests that @entity618 is effective in refractory kidney allograft rejection. Based on this study, prospectively randomized multi-center trails have been planned and are in progress.

title: @entity618 ( XXXX ). A multicenter study for refractory kidney transplant rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10228 :: ('MESH:D011685', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil', 'RS-61443']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze in vivo the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) properties of the intraorbital optic nerve at two different levels: Proximal to the optic nerve head (ONH) and distal to the ONH at the level of the orbital apex in @entity726 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with primary @entity1538 were examined. The categorization into early and severe @entity726 was performed by Hodapp's classification. Fifteen healthy individuals served as controls. DT-MRI was performed with a 3T-MR unit. RESULTS: At early stage @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) values were higher at the proximal site with respect to the distal site. On the contrary, a decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed only relative to @entity1 stage, independent of optic nerve site. Moreover, at early disease stage an increase in overall diffusivities, was evident at the proximal site, whereas at the distal site a decrease of the largest diffusivity and an increase in both the intermediate and smallest diffusivities were observed. FA and @entity1893 measured at the proximal site, had, respectively, the highest sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between healthy and @entity735 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study represents the first attempt to evaluate in vivo fiber integrity changes along the optic nerve with DT-MRI. @entity528 appears to be a process that affects differently the proximal and the distal segments of the optic nerve. The complementary high sensitivity of FA with the high specificity of @entity1893 at the proximal site may provide reliable indexes for the identification of glaucomatous @entity1 at early stages.

title: Differences between proximal versus distal intraorbital optic nerve diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging properties in @entity726 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the protective role of @entity143 antagonists against the @entity2167 effects of @entity581 , (2) to provide any possible evidence between @entity2167 due to @entity581 and excitotoxicity. An animal experiment was conducted. Twenty-eight, 3-month-old female @entity95 , weighing 1,000-1,500  g, were studied prospectively for 28  days after intramuscular administration of @entity4509 (15  mg/kg/day divided into two equal doses) for 14  days. Twenty-one @entity95 were categorized into three equal treatment groups and seven animals received no medication and served as the control group. The animals of A, B and C groups were injected, intramuscularly, with @entity4509 15  mg/kg/day, divided into two equal doses every day for 14  days. Animals of group A received in parallel @entity3393 (per os) and those of group B received p.o. the same volume of placebo solution. The @entity95 of the third group (group C) received on the 15th day and every 2  days for the next 2  weeks, until the day 28, @entity3393 of the same quantity as the members of group A. Differences in DPOAE amplitudes, and therefore in cochlear activity, between group A and group B were revealed. DPOAE amplitudes of group B were further reduced compared to the respective amplitudes in @entity95 of group A. No improvement was observed in DPOAE measurements performed after the discontinuation of injections. The findings in group C should be examined separately. The measurements showed apparent reversal @entity2167 effects in four of the animals. The development of @entity4028 otoprotective strategies is a primary goal in @entity2167 research. The administration of @entity143 antagonists has been shown to prevent, at least to some extent, toxic damage to hair cells in @entity840 , treated with @entity4028 antibiotics.

title: @entity3393 's action against XXXX -induced @entity2167 .

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound complication rates after lower extremity vascular operative procedures stand as high as 40% and represent a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and cost. In view of increasing recognition of adipose tissue involvement in homeostasis and the response to injury, we hypothesized that adipose phenotype is linked to operative wound outcomes. METHODS: Clinical history, peripheral blood, and subcutaneous and perivascular adipose tissue were prospectively collected at the time of operation in @entity1 undergoing lower extremity revascularization and lower extremity amputations. Nine biologic mediators ( @entity1254 ; interleukin [IL]-1b, @entity650 , and @entity687 ; leptin; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; resistin; and @entity5 necrosis factor) were assayed in the adipose tissues and plasma. The 30-day wound complications were captured in real time. Logarithmic transformation of mediator levels was performed based on positively skewed, non-Gaussian distribution, and data were compared using the Student t test. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 undergoing lower extremity revascularization or lower extremity amputations for severe @entity3657 were enrolled. The 30-day follow-up was 92.4%. In total, 19 (29%) @entity1 developed wound complications. @entity1 who developed wound complications had elevated perivascular @entity1254 levels (mean      standard error, 2,372.45      648.64  ng/mL vs 832.53      180.54  ng/mL, P  =  .004). Perivascular @entity1356 levels were lower among @entity1 with wound dehiscence (0.41      0.004 pg/mL vs 0.73      0.09 pg/mL, P  =  .001). CONCLUSION: Local adipose tissue mediator levels at the time of operation demonstrate a previously undescribed compartment-specific relationship to wound outcomes in @entity1 undergoing lower extremity vascular operative procedures. These associations provide fertile directives  for defining the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of wound complications and their prevention.

title: Local perivascular XXXX associates with lower extremity vascular operative wound complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: The translation initiation factor @entity37099 has been implicated as a regulator of ribosome assembly, selective mRNA translation and apoptosis. Many of these activities depend upon the phosphorylation of @entity37099 @entity563 235 by @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). @entity37099 -60S is probably part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). @entity37099 over-expression in @entity1238 embryos causes aberrant eye development. @entity37100 / @entity37100 morphants have an eye phenotype similar to that of the @entity37099 overexpressors. Eye formation is regulated by insulin growth factor (IGF) signalling. @entity37099 interacts with the IGF receptor (IGFR) and @entity37100 / @entity37100 , which also binds to igfr. @entity37099 over-expression in @entity1238 causes also the formation of @entity4 , suggesting a malfunction of the excretory system. Here we evaluated the pronephros phenotype. The @entity4 grows into the nephrocoel, expanding its boundary and is accompanied by a strong reduction of the pronephros. The three main components of the pronephros are severely impaired in @entity37099 over-expressors, while are not affected in @entity37099 morphants. Conversely, @entity37100 depletion induces the @entity4 phenotype and reduction of the pronephros, while @entity37100 overexpression does not. p110*, a constitutively active p110 subunit of the PI3 kinase partially recovers the @entity4 phenotype. We also determined that @entity7131 -dependent phosphorylation of Ser235 in @entity37099 is not required to produce defective pronephroi. These results indicate that the levels of @entity37099 are highly regulated during development and instrumental for proper morphogenesis of the pronephros. Moreover, it appears that for proper pronephros development the @entity37100 level should be kept within or over the physiological range and that the @entity4 phenotype is partly due to the inhibition of IGF signalling.

title: Involvement of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 and @entity37100 / XXXX in @entity1238 pronephros formation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'antero-ventral oedema']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

answer: @entity37100 :: (398379(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['gipc2']


abstract: @entity2124 (G.H.) or a G.H.-dependent somatomedin may be involved in the process of @entity981 (A.L.L.). @entity2124 has a trophic effect on lymphoid tissue and also specific receptors on lymphocytes, most probably T cells. Hypophycess. Resting concentrations of G.H. and somatomedin activity are raised in some @entity1 with A.L.L. and may be reduced after remission is achieved. It is suggested that control of G.H. and/or @entity7750 concentrations may be necessary for adequate treatment of some cases of A.L.L. in @entity1 .

title: Possible effects of @entity2124 on development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7750 :: ('MESH:D013002', 'Chemical') :: ['somatomedin']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: The psychrotolerant acidophile @entity39336 has been identified from cold environments and has been shown to use ferrous @entity68 and inorganic @entity599 compounds as its energy sources. A bioinformatic evaluation presented in this study suggested that @entity39336 utilized a ferrous @entity68 oxidation pathway similar to that of the related species @entity404 . However, the inorganic @entity599 oxidation pathway was less clear, since the @entity39336 genome contained genes from both @entity404 and @entity39337 encoding enzymes whose assigned functions are redundant. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the petA1 and petB1 genes (implicated in ferrous @entity68 oxidation) were downregulated upon growth on the inorganic @entity599 compound @entity17464 but were on average 10.5-fold upregulated in the presence of ferrous @entity68 . In contrast, expression of cyoB1 (involved in inorganic @entity599 compound oxidation) was decreased 6.6-fold upon growth on ferrous @entity68 alone. Competition assays between ferrous @entity68 and @entity17464 with @entity39338 precultured on @entity39339 mineral showed a preference for ferrous @entity68 oxidation over @entity17464 oxidation. Also, pure and mixed cultures of psychrotolerant acidophiles were utilized for the bioleaching of metal @entity3287 minerals in stirred tank reactors at 5 and 25  C in order to investigate the fate of ferrous @entity68 and inorganic @entity599 compounds. Solid @entity599 accumulated in bioleaching cultures growing on a @entity39339 concentrate. @entity599 accumulation halted mineral solubilization, but @entity599 was oxidized after metal release had ceased. The data indicated that ferrous @entity68 was preferentially oxidized during growth on @entity39339 , a finding with important implications for biomining in cold environments.

title: Gene identification and substrate regulation provide insights into @entity599 accumulation during bioleaching with the psychrotolerant acidophile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39338 :: ('743299', 'Species') :: ['Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3']

entities_list: @entity39336 :: ('160808', 'Species') :: ['Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans']

entities_list: @entity404 :: ('920', 'Species') :: ['Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans']

entities_list: @entity17464 :: ('CHEBI:16094', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrathionate']

entities_list: @entity39337 :: ('33059', 'Species') :: ['Acidithiobacillus caldus']

entities_list: @entity39339 :: ('MESH:C012819', 'Chemical') :: ['chalcopyrite']

entities_list: @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfur', 'sulfur']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity39336 :: (160808,Species) :: ['Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans']


abstract: Intraplaque @entity548 (IPH), a component of late-stage complicated plaque, identified within carotid endarterectomy surgical specimens has been recently demonstrated to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. MRI is able to depict carotid IPH. We investigated the ability of carotid MR-depicted IPH (MR-IPH) to identify high-risk CV @entity1 . From January 2008 to April 2011, 216 @entity1 (mean age, 67.5 years; range 31-100) referred for neurovascular MRI at an academic tertiary care centre, underwent 3T carotid MRI with adjunct 3D high-spatial-resolution coronal imaging to detect MR-IPH. Five experienced neuroradiologists made a binary decision on the presence or absence of MR-IPH. @entity1 ' charts were reviewed blindly for demographic and CV outcomes data. Of the @entity1 with and without MR-IPH, 62.5 % (15/24) and 19.8 % (38/192) had a composite CV event (defined as a past @entity583 , coronary intervention (i.e., angioplasty, stenting or bypass graft) and/or @entity1095 ), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of a composite CV event in the MR-IPH group was 6.75 (Bivariable analysis, 95 % CI 2.75-16.6, p < 0.0001) and 3.25 (Multivariable regression analysis, 1.14-9.37, p = 0.028). MR-IPH had the highest OR of a prior CV event compared to other variables including age, sex, @entity101 and @entity850 . The OR of individual CV events was also significant: MI (3.35, 95 % CI 2.11-14.2, p < 0.01), coronary stenting (26.4, 95 % CI 8.80-79.4, p < 0.01), coronary angioplasty (21, 95 % CI 4.84-91.1, p < 0.01), and PVD (3.35, 95 % CI 1.09-10.3, p < 0.05). MR-IPH is independently associated with prior CV events in @entity1 who are evaluated for @entity531 . Carotid MR-IPH, employed easily in routine clinical practice, is emerging as an indicator of @entity455 and may potentially be a useful surrogate marker of CV risk including in those already undergoing neurovascular imaging.

title: Identifying a high risk cardiovascular phenotype by carotid MRI-depicted intraplaque XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular disease']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperpigmentation, mainly following UV-irradiation, can cause major cosmetic concerns. @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to serve as whitening agents through a paracrine effect. However, there have been few reports on the direct effects of ASCs on @entity2118 following UVB-irradiation. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of ASCs on UVB-irradiated @entity19 skin, UVB-irradiation alone was applied to one side of the backs of @entity19 (melanin-processing hairless @entity19 , HRM-2) as a control, and UVB-irradiation plus injection of ASCs was applied to the contralateral side. Skin pigmentation and histology were evaluated and the number of @entity9191 -positive melanocytes in the @entity19 skin was counted. The absolute value of   L* via a colorimeter was measured to evaluate the degree of @entity2118 . The effects of ASCs on the melanogenic activities of @entity19 skin were examined by measuring the @entity22835 activity and the melanin contents in the epidermis of the @entity19 skin. RESULTS: Skin pigmentation was suppressed in the ASC-injected side. Moreover, the change in skin thickness following UVB irradiation was reduced in the ASC-injected side. The number of @entity9191 -positive melanocytes in the ASC-injected side (139        18 cells/mm(2)) was significantly lower than that in the control side (239        48 cells/mm(2)). The @entity22835 activity (67.4        9.8% of that of the control side) and melanin content (63.4        5.7% of that of the control side) of the ASC-injected side were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that ASCs injected subcutaneously into the backs of @entity19 can attenuate tanning following UVB-irradiation, through suppression of @entity22835 activity.

title: Protective effects of adipose-derived stem cells against UVB-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['skin pigmentation']


abstract: We have compared the ability of intact neutrophils to degrade a complex substrate of proteins from @entity1 and @entity375 origin. The substrate was obtained by biosynthetic labeling, and subsequent lysis of K562 cells (leukemic cell line) and of @entity375 culture. The @entity1 substrate consisted of 619 and the @entity375 substrate of 185 different polypeptides, as visualized and represented on two-dimensional gel patterns. Upon incubation of the @entity1 substrate with neutrophils, the bulk of @entity1867 disappeared so rapidly that after 240 min of incubation only 21 @entity1867 were detectable. Just one spot remained unaltered in its intensity throughout the whole period of incubation. About 440 @entity1867 reveal a t1/2 shorter than 8 min. @entity375 substrate is represented by a smaller number of the starting polypeptides (185) from which 55 @entity1867 "survive" the neutrophil treatment. About 30 @entity1867 have a t1/2 shorter than 8 min. We conclude that neutrophils are equipped with a potent proteolytic apparatus, and this is capable of eliminating various proteins in a highly efficient manner. The system is much less effective in eliminating proteins from distant species, like @entity375 . Although the cells governing and regulating the immune system are clearly of lymphoid origin, it might well be that the preimmune task of eliminating self antigens in a manner as predicted in the restriction protease hypothesis is performed by neutrophils.

title: Neutrophils as a source of putative restriction proteases: degradation of @entity1 and XXXX proteins monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Reliable methods of regulating estrus and stimulating superovulations in @entity1641 embryo transfer programs are desirable. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of a @entity1420 and @entity53 (P_E) estrus synchronization regimen in mares with and without subsequent @entity1641 follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment and to examine the effects of eFSH on folliculogenesis and embryo production. Cycling mares were treated with P_E daily for 10 d. On the final P_E treatment day, @entity3774 was administered, and mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n=20 mares/group). In both groups, mares were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography. In the eFSH group, twice-daily eFSH treatments were initiated at follicle diameter 20 to 25 mm and ceased at follicle > or =35 mm; @entity1 @entity1465 was administered after 36 h. In the control group, eFSH treatments were not given, but hCG was administered at follicle > or =35 mm. Mares were inseminated with fresh semen, and embryo recovery attempts were performed 8 d postovulation. Synchrony of ovulations within each group appeared to be similar. Six mares in the eFSH group failed to ovulate. The eFSH treatment resulted in higher (P<0.05) numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations; however, embryo recovery rate did not increase (eFSH 1.0+/-0.4 vs. control 0.95+/-0.1 embryos/recovery attempt), and embryo per ovulation rate was significantly lower (36% vs. 73%). The eFSH-treated mares had significantly higher frequency of nonovulatory follicles (28% vs. 0) and higher periovulatory serum concentrations of @entity53 -17beta. Based on our findings, combined P_E and eFSH regimens cannot be recommended for cycling donor mares.

title: Efficiency of superovulation and in vivo embryo production in eFSH-treated donor mares after estrus synchronization with @entity1420 and XXXX -17beta.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol-17beta', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computer-automated @entity308 interventions rely heavily on users reading text to receive the intervention. However, text-delivered interventions place a burden on @entity1 with @entity308 and convey only verbal content. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this project was to develop a computer-automated treatment for @entity308 that is delivered via interactive media technology. By using branching video and audio, the program simulates the experience of being in therapy with a master clinician who provides six sessions of problem-solving therapy. A secondary objective was to conduct a pilot study of the program's usability, acceptability, and credibility, and to obtain an initial estimate of its efficacy. METHODS: The program was produced in a professional multimedia production facility and incorporates video, audio, graphics, animation, and text. Failure analyses of @entity1 data are conducted across sessions and across problems to identify ways to help the user improve his or her problem solving. A pilot study was conducted with @entity1 who had minor @entity308 . An experimental group (n = 7) used the program while a waitlist control group (n = 7) was provided with no treatment for 6 weeks. RESULTS: All of the experimental group @entity1 completed the trial, whereas 1 from the control was lost to follow-up. Experimental group @entity1 rated the program high on usability, acceptability, and credibility. The study was not powered to detect clinical improvement, although these pilot data are encouraging. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was not powered to detect treatment effects, @entity1 did find the program highly usable, acceptable, and credible. This suggests that the highly interactive and immersive nature of the program is beneficial. Further clinical trials are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00906581; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ @entity16065 /show/NCT00906581 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6A5Ni5HUp).

title: Electronic problem-solving treatment: description and pilot study of an interactive media treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) was introduced a decade ago as a therapy for primary @entity1200 . It proved to be a valuable therapeutic substance for this purpose and is now considered to be the treatment of choice. The intent was to supply ubiquitous anti-infectious agent antibodies through passive immunisation to replace deficient circulating antibody content. During such therapy, unexpected benefits were noted in @entity882 @entity1 . Since that time, the therapeutic indications for IGIV infusions have greatly increased, with a particular interest in infectious, haematological and @entity792 . This review summarises the status of IGIV therapy in @entity66 within the categories of primary @entity1200 , secondary @entity465 states and @entity792 . The majority of firm data have been gathered on the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1200 . These data are reviewed from the aspect of anticipated therapeutic response and side effects. Emphasis should be placed on the IgG circulating blood levels as there is a need for individualizing therapy because of marked interindividual @entity1 variation. The use of IGIV therapy in primary and secondary @entity465 states should consider the potential benefits to be attained in haematological @entity5 and related complications which may be magnified by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The mode of action of IGIV in @entity792 , although not yet precisely determined, may involve @entity39796 or immunomodulation by supplying anti-idiotype antibodies.

title: Intravenous immune globulins. A review of their uses in selected XXXX and @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency disease', 'immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity39796 :: ('MESH:C538539', 'Disease') :: ['establishing reticuloendothelial blockade']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndromes', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is an established strategy to reduce @entity5 size in @entity0 @entity1 prior to breast-conserving therapy. The effect of NST on @entity5 cell dissemination in these @entity1 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of disseminated @entity5 cells ( @entity9856 ), including apoptotic @entity9856 , in @entity0 @entity1 after NST, and to investigate the correlation of @entity9856 status with therapy response. METHODS: Bone marrow aspiration was performed in 157 @entity1 after NST. @entity9856 were detected by immunocytochemistry using the A45-B/B3 anticytokeratin antibody. To detect apoptotic @entity9856 the antibody M30 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used, which detects a neo-epitope expressed only after caspase cleavage of @entity2873 during early apoptosis. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity9856 in @entity0 @entity1 was 53% after completion of NST. Tumor dissemination was observed more frequently in @entity1 with no change/progressive disease (69%) than in @entity1 with partial remission or complete remission of the @entity5 (46%) (P < 0.05). Ten out of 24 @entity1 with complete remission, however, were still bone marrow positive. Apoptotic @entity9856 were present in 36 of 157 (23%) @entity0 @entity1 . Apoptotic cells only were detected in 14% of the @entity1 with partial remission or complete remission, but were detected in just 5% of the @entity1 with stable disease. Apoptotic @entity9856 were detectable in none of the @entity1 with @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: The pathological therapy response in @entity0 @entity1 is reflected by the presence of apoptotic @entity9856 . @entity1 with complete remission, however, may still have nonapoptotic @entity9856 . These @entity1 may also benefit from secondary adjuvant therapy.

title: Presence of apoptotic and nonapoptotic disseminated @entity5 cells reflects the response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To perform an analysis of the Medicare claims database in @entity1 undergoing lung resection to determine whether there is an association between postoperative epidural analgesia and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort (database) design. SETTING: University hospital. MEASUREMENTS: We examined a cohort of 3501 @entity1 obtained from a 5% nationally random sample of 1997 to 2001 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent nonemergency segmental excision of the lung (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes 32.3 and 32.4). @entity1 data were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of billing for postoperative epidural analgesia (Current Procedural Terminology code 01996). The primary outcomes assessed were @entity204 at 7 and 30 days after the procedure. The rates of major morbidity ( @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity943 , @entity712 , @entity55 , @entity3126 , @entity1576 , @entity1150 , @entity1151 , @entity295 , @entity810 , @entity2147 , acute cerebrovascular event, transient @entity347 , and @entity8442 ) were also compared. Multivariate regression analysis incorporating race, gender, age, comorbidities, hospital size, hospital teaching status, and hospital technology status was performed to determine whether the presence of postoperative epidural analgesia had an independent effect on mortality or major morbidity. MAIN RESULTS: Multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of epidural analgesia was associated with a significantly lower odds of @entity204 at 7 days (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.80; P = 0.001) and 30 days (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.78; P = 0.002) after surgery. There was no difference between the groups with regard to overall major morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative epidural analgesia may contribute to lower odds of @entity204 after segmental excision of the lung, although the mechanism of such a benefit is not clear from our analysis.

title: Effect of postoperative epidural analgesia on morbidity and mortality after lung resection in Medicare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity750 3 (5-HT3) receptors have been known to be associated with the modulation of nociceptive transmission. However, it is uncertain whether 5-HT3 plays a role in the antinociceptive or pronociceptive pathway for incisional @entity158 . In this study, we evaluated the effects of @entity7274 , a @entity5376 antagonist, on incisional @entity158 in @entity35 when administered intrathecally or intraplantarly. METHODS: An intrathecal catheter was implanted through the cisterna magna and placed in the intrathecal space of @entity35 . An incision in the plantaris muscle of the right hind paw was done under anesthesia with @entity2614 . Withdrawal thresholds were evaluated with the von Frey filament after 2 hours. Palonosetron (0.5 and 0.1   g intrathecally; 0.5   g intraplantarly) was administered and the thresholds were observed for 4 hours. RESULTS: Mechanical @entity56 developed after the incision. Intrathecal palonosetron (0.5   g and 0.1   g) did not alter the paw withdrawal threshold. Intraplantar palonosetron (0.5   g) also did not change the paw withdrawal threshold. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal and intraplantar palonosetron (0.5   g) had no effect on modulating the mechanical @entity56 in the incisional @entity158 model of @entity35 .

title: Effects of Palonosetron, a @entity5376 Antagonist, on Mechanical Allodynia in a XXXX Model of Postoperative Pain.

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The potential of five different commercial DNA isolation methods to remove real-time PCR inhibitors from the synovial fluid of @entity1641 , @entity291 and @entity1707 was investigated. All kits with the exception of one included a @entity3440 column-based purification of the DNA. With the fifth kit, DNA purification is achieved by removing contaminating macromolecules by a desalting process. We used a recently developed method based on comparison of the real-time PCR signal of an artificial target incorporated into each PCR reaction in the presence of the isolated DNA from the sample, and in control samples containing water instead of isolated DNA. This was followed by statistical analysis of the data. Inhibition and subsequent reduction of the endpoint fluorescence in the real-time PCR reaction was encountered in many cases. Less frequently, the target copy number in the samples was underestimated. However, we found no experimental evidence of a negative influence of the reduced endpoint fluorescence signal on the detection limit of the real-time PCR assay. All kits tested were useful for analyzing pelleted synovial fluid from @entity1641 , @entity291 and @entity1707 . When analyzing non-pelleted synovial fluid, three kits - two based on @entity3440 columns and one employing a desalting process - yielded inhibitor-free DNA for real-time PCR analysis.

title: Inhibitor-free DNA for real-time PCR analysis of synovial fluid from @entity1641 , @entity291 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']