abstract: Several studies have proven the ability of @entity31241 ( @entity31241 ) to induce chondrogenesis and make it as a potential candidate for articular cartilage repair. In the current study, the chondroprotective effect of @entity31241 on @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) was investigated by intra-articular injection. Bilateral partial discectomy was performed in 24 @entity95 to induce TMJOA. Four weeks later, the right @entity1348 was treated with @entity31241 as the experimental group, whereas the left was treated with physiologic saline as the control group. Twelve @entity95 each time were randomly killed at 12 and 24 weeks after injection, respectively. Histologic observation and metabolic analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used for evaluation. All TMJs appeared as @entity571 -like histologic changes after intra-articular injection. However, the degree of @entity571 in the experimental group was less severe than that in the control group during the experimental time. The expression of type II collagen and aggrecan messenger RNA was significantly higher than the control group at 12 weeks after injection. However, no difference in the expression of aggrecanase or interleukin 1 messenger RNA was observed. The results suggest that intra-articular injection of @entity31241 may be a good alternative for the treatment of @entity528 in @entity571 .

title: Protection of articular cartilage by intra-articular injection of NEL-like molecule 1 in @entity1348 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total hip arthroplasty is a common procedure whose typical duration is greater than 90 minutes and is associated with substantial @entity190 . It is usually performed in @entity1 60 years who have comorbidities. Knowing the factors associated with major @entity548 in @entity1 undergoing this procedure will allow us to identify @entity1 who are at risk. We performed a retrospective study, according to a case-control model selecting @entity1 for the primary outcome: major @entity548 /not major @entity548 . We included 142 @entity1 treated with total hip arthroplasty, divided into 47 cases and 95 matched controls. RESULTS: The variables that showed a higher association to influence the presence of major @entity548 was preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit, BMI, operating time, as well as the use of blood transfusion increased the time of hospital stay. The preoperative hemoglobin value showed that the type of @entity1 more associated with major @entity548 had a hemoglobin 13 g/dl. We observed that 102 @entity1 (71.8%) who underwent a blood transfusion had an increased length of stay (p 0.007). CONCLUSION: The presence of major @entity548 is a frequent event. When knowing the factors associated with major @entity548 , the surgical team can anticipate this event and modify it as possible.

title: [Associated factors due to major XXXX in total hip replacement].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: @entity63 can contribute to the inner ear pathology and @entity393 . To determine the susceptibility of inner and outer hair cells (IHCs/OHCs) to @entity63 and post- @entity63 period, we used organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti isolated from P3 @entity35 as an in vitro model of @entity389 ( @entity26 - @entity413 deprivation, @entity23258 ). We identified the hair cells (HCs) by @entity6286 staining. The cells with damaged cellular membrane integrity were identified by @entity2667 (PI)-exclusion assay. The cells with fragmented chromosomal DNA were detected by TUNEL assay. Organotypic cultures were subjected to a mild (3 h duration) or severe (4 h duration) @entity23258 , followed by a recovery period of 21 h and 20 h, respectively. Mild @entity23258 induced a loss of 10-20% HCs, whereas severe @entity23258 induced loss of 35% HCs. We confirmed that OHCs are less vulnerable to @entity23258 than IHCs. Of all missing OHCs, 80-90% was lost during the @entity23258 period and 10-20% during the recovery period. In contrast, the loss of IHCs was equal during both experimental periods. The @entity23258 period was mainly associated with PI-positive nuclei. TUNEL-positive nuclei were a minor fraction during the @entity23258 period and increased during the recovery period, indicating the progression of DNA fragmentation. Our results implicate a differential susceptibility of IHCs and OHCs during and after @entity63 -like insult, which may be of therapeutic consequence.

title: Differential vulnerability of outer and inner hair cells during and after @entity26 - @entity413 deprivation in organotypic cultures of newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear ischemia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: One of the most common methods of tracking movement of bacteria in groundwater environments involves a priori fluorescent staining. A major concern in using these stains to label bacteria in subsurface injection-and-recovery studies is the effect they may have on the bacterium's transport properties. Previous studies investigated the impact of fluorophores on bacterial surface properties (e.g. zeta potential). However, no previous study has looked at the impact of fluorescent staining on swimming speed and chemotaxis. It was found that @entity14939 lowered the mean population swimming speed of @entity33355 by 46% and @entity4190 by 55%. @entity14939 also inhibited the chemotaxis in both strains. The swimming speeds of @entity33355 and @entity4190 were diminished slightly by CFDA/SE, but not to a statistically significant extent. CFDA/SE had no effect on chemotaxis of either strain to @entity598 . SYBR(  ) Gold had no effect on swimming speed or the chemotactic response to @entity598 for either strain. This research indicates that although @entity14939 may not affect sorption to grain surfaces, it adversely affects other potentially important transport properties such as swimming and chemotaxis. Consequently, bacterial transport studies conducted using @entity14939 are biased to nonchemotactic conditions and do not appear to be suitable for monitoring the effect of chemotaxis on bacterial transport in shallow aquifers.

title: Impact of fluorochrome stains used to study bacterial transport in shallow aquifers on motility and chemotaxis of XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity4190 :: ('316', 'Species') :: ['P. stutzeri', 'Pseudomonas stutzeri']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity33355 :: ('351746', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida F1', 'P. putida F1']

answer: @entity4190 :: (316,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas']


abstract: The relationship between radioisotopic, echocardiographic, and angiographic markers of @entity296 is still to be defined. To this purpose, 14 @entity1 with previous @entity583 were studied using a multiparametric approach. Each @entity1 underwent, on separate days, rest thallium 201 and @entity10979 planar scintigraphy, @entity452 / @entity4341 stress echocardiography, and coronary angiography; 11 of these @entity1 underwent also @entity4341 echocardiographic testing. Thallium 201 and Sestamibi uptakes at rest were expressed as percentage of maximal activity in each projection using a 13 segment model. @entity452 and @entity4341 stress echocardiography were analyzed using a score index ranging from 1 (normokinesis) to 4 (dyskinesis) and a similar segmentation. Coronary angiography was analyzed by quantitative approach. In all @entity1 , follow-up echocardiography was performed following coronary revascularization. Before revascularization, 75 segments showed regional dyssynergies. Thallium 201 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the preoperative identification of viability, whereas Sestamibi was affected by a significant number of false-negative studies. Among echocardiographic techniques, @entity452 was slightly superior to @entity4341 in the detection of viable segments. The degree of @entity3979 failed to predict the recovery of function following by-pass graft or angioplasty in almost all segments; however, in case of occlusion, most viable segments were perfused by adequately collateralized coronary arteries.

title: Imaging of XXXX : a head-to-head comparison among nuclear, echocardiographic, and angiographic techniques.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium 99m Sestamibi']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial viability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a systemic @entity1333 that can be a possible cause of @entity337 ( @entity337 ). When aortic valve replacement is performed in @entity1 with @entity195 , unless preoperative immunosuppressive therapy and special operative techniques are used, the postoperative course is usually complicated by valve dehiscence, necessitating another operation. The preoperative diagnosis of @entity195 is challenging because of its protean manifestations, but an early diagnosis is associated with a more favorable prognosis. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2008, 15 @entity1 with final diagnoses of @entity195 underwent aortic valve replacement. Medical records and echocardiographic findings were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 , only 2 were diagnosed as having @entity195 prior to first operation. Twelve underwent repeat open-heart surgery because of valve dehiscence, and 6 of these 12 @entity1 eventually died. In 5 @entity1 with available echocardiographic findings of native valve morphology, echocardiography demonstrated characteristic aneurysmal changes and redundant coronary cusp motion in 4 @entity1 . @entity66 and echo-free spaces mimicking abscess pockets led to misdiagnoses of @entity884 in 7 @entity1 at least once during their clinical courses. Furthermore, complete @entity713 requiring permanent pacemaker insertion developed in 5 @entity1 , especially those with echo-free spaces in the periannular area. CONCLUSIONS: Dismal prognoses are almost inevitable unless etiologic diagnoses are made prior to surgery in @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity337 . It is important to diagnose @entity195 preoperatively, and the diagnostic importance of echocardiographic findings should be kept in mind when evaluating @entity1 with @entity337 .

title: @entity195 as a frequently unrecognized cause of XXXX : suggestive and misleading echocardiography findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Vegetation-like mobile lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: The presence of @entity1082 ) DNA in invasive @entity8376 , in their lymph node @entity3 , and in corresponding normal tissue was investigated by Southern blot hybridization with 32P-labeled HPV DNA. @entity5 tissue from ten of 18 @entity1 with @entity189 contained HPV DNA. Three of the 18 @entity1 had a history of cervical @entity5 more than 14 years before the diagnosis of @entity189 . Five of 15 primary @entity957 , one primary @entity420 , and a vulvar recurrence of a @entity957 contained @entity1799 . A primary @entity957 yielded HPV-related sequences. The HPV copy number varied from 0.5 to 50 per cellular genome. Four histologically positive inguinal lymph nodes from three @entity1 contained HPV DNA. In six @entity5 -free control tissues from four @entity1 , no HPV DNA was detected. No relationship was established between HPV positivity, HPV type, or copy number of the @entity5 and the grade of differentiation or keratinization or the clinical stage. After a median follow-up of 13 months, five of nine HPV-positive @entity1 were alive without recurrence, whereas all seven HPV-negative @entity1 had died because of disease. The results of this study indicate a possible major role of HPV in the development of @entity5 .

title: @entity1082 DNA in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal squamous carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8376 :: (MESH:D014625,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vagina']


abstract: The inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) is implicated in the negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) mitogenesis by @entity268 -elevating agents and @entity14100 ( @entity14100 ). These factors inhibited @entity95 aortic VSMC mitogenesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB by preventing the entry of cells into S-phase. @entity268 -elevating agents partly inhibited the late phase (1-4 h) of activation of ERKs 1 and 2 induced by PDGF-BB without inhibiting the early phase of activity (5-15 min) and had no effect on activity induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In contrast, @entity268 elevation caused a marked inhibition of early ERK activation induced by angiotensin II and thrombin. @entity14100 had no inhibitory effect on ERK activation induced by PDGF-BB or bFGF. The inhibition of PDGF-BB-stimulated DNA synthesis by either @entity1928 / @entity1922 ( @entity1922 ) or @entity14100 was not decreased when the agents were added up to 8 h after growth factor. In contrast, the selective ERK kinase inhibitor @entity4286 was a weak inhibitor of DNA synthesis; a combination of @entity4286 and @entity1928 / @entity1922 had an additive inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. @entity1928 / @entity1922 inhibited the growth factor-induced expression of @entity31724 mRNA and @entity31725 protein, and enhanced the protein expression of p27(kip1). @entity14100 had no effect on the expression of @entity31724 or p27(kip1) and weakly attenuated the expression of @entity31725 . These findings support the conclusion that the suppression of VSMC mitogenesis by @entity268 and @entity14100 is independent of ERK inhibition. Anti-mitogenic effects of @entity268 might be primarily mediated by events in late G(1).

title: Differential regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 by XXXX and dissociation of ERK inhibition from anti-mitogenic effects in @entity95 vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', 'IBMX']

entities_list: @entity14100 :: ('100008645(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta(1)', 'transforming growth factor beta(1)']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: AIM: To monitor radiographically the progress of bone repair within chronic @entity1548 after root canal treatment using digital subtraction radiography (DSR). METHODOLOGY: Twelve @entity1 with 17 single-rooted teeth with chronic @entity1546 associated with an infected @entity14479 were selected for root canal treatment. Periapical radiographs were taken before treatment (baseline) and immediately post-treatment, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after treatment. The radiographic protocol included the use of individualized film holders with @entity1346 bite blocks. The six radiographic images were digitized and submitted to digital subtraction using DSR software, resulting in five subtracted images (SI). Quantitative analysis of these SI was performed using Image Tool software to assess pixel value changes, considering a step-wedge as the gold standard and a cut-off value of 128 pixels. The aim was to identify any increase or decrease in mineral density in the region of the @entity1548 . RESULTS: A minor decrease in mineral density at the canal filling session and a significant progressive @entity1017 in the following evaluations (P < 0.001) occurred. Pairwise comparison of pixel grey values revealed that only the 180-day follow-up differed significantly from the previous SI. CONCLUSION: Digital subtraction radiography is a useful method for evaluating the progress of bone repair after root canal treatment. Noticeable @entity1017 was observed approximately 90 days after root canal filling and definite bone repair after 180 days.

title: Digital subtraction radiography evaluation of the bone repair process of chronic XXXX after root canal treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14479 :: ('MESH:D003790', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic pulp']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions', 'periapical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['mineral gain']

answer: @entity1546 :: (MESH:D010485,Disease) :: ['apical periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We identified the gene mutations in two Chinese pedigree of type @entity7131 hereditary @entity5582 deficiency. METHODS: The plasma level of protein C activity (PC:A), protein C antigen (PC:Ag), protein S activity, @entity5582 activity ( @entity1129 :A) and @entity5582 antigen ( @entity1129 :Ag) of propositi and two family members were detected using ELISA and chromogenic assay, respectively. All exons and intron-exon boundaries of protein C gene and @entity5582 gene were analyzed by direct sequencing of the corresponding amplified PCR products in DNA from the propositus. RESULTS: The plasma PC:A and PC:Ag of propositus 1 was 26% and 1.43 mg/dl, respectively. The PC:Ag and PC:A of his father were normal. The decreased PC:A level was seen in his mother and 4 of his maternal pedigree. PS:A and @entity1129 :A were all normal in pedigree 1 members. A @entity25947 heterozygous mutation in exon 3 of protein C gene, resulting in the substitution of @entity534 for Trp at the 15th @entity535 , was identified in propositus 1 and 8 of his relatives. The plasma @entity1129 :A and @entity1129 :Ag of propositus 2 was 48.6% and 10.4 mg/dl, respectively. The reduced @entity1129 :A and @entity1129 :Ag levels were found in his father and 5 of paternal pedigree. PC:A, PC:Ag and PS:A were all in normal range. A heterozygous 13387-9G deletion in exon 6 of @entity5582 gene was identified in propositus 2. This mutation introduced a frameshift and a premature stop at codon 426 and existed in 6 members of pedigree 2. CONCLUSION: The @entity25947 heterozygous mutation in exon 3 of protein C gene, first reported in China, leads to type @entity7131 . The 13387-9G deletion, a novel mutation, can cause @entity5582 deficiency and @entity715 .

title: Biochemical activity and gene analysis of inherited protein C and XXXX deficiency in two Chinese pedigrees.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['I hereditary protein C deficiency', 'I hereditary protein C deficiency and type I']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5582 :: (462,Gene) :: ['antithrombin']


abstract: We report herein the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity16959 on @entity5829 ( @entity9956 )-induced @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity4090 (PRL) and @entity701 secretion in healthy male subjects. In the first study, nine subjects were treated with either @entity16959 (0.04 mg, p.o.) or placebo. In the second study, 12 subjects received either @entity9956 (50 mg, i.v.) alone or in combination with @entity16959 (0.04 mg, p.o.) given 60 min prior to @entity9956 administration. @entity16959 alone had no influence on @entity2124 , PRL, or @entity701 concentrations, compared to placebo. @entity9956 alone caused @entity2124 stimulation (mean maximum = 15.7 +/- 3.4 ng/ml), which was significantly lower after combined administration of @entity9956 and @entity16959 (mean maximum = 7.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) (p less than or equal to 0.01). @entity9956 -induced PRL and @entity701 stimulation was not influenced by @entity16959 pretreatment. These results indicate the inhibiting influence of noradrenergic beta-receptors on @entity2124 stimulation.

title: Influence of XXXX , a beta-adrenergic agonist, on @entity5829 induced @entity2124 , @entity4090 and @entity701 stimulation.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity16959 :: (MESH:D002976,Chemical) :: ['clenbuterol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to examine whether the month of birth influences the prevalence of @entity2516 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 5,601 schoolchildren were examined (2,688 @entity1 and 2,913 @entity1 , aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, SD 3.2 years). The @entity1 examined, students of elementary and secondary schools, were Polish and resided in and around Szczecin, Poland. Every examined subject underwent retinoscopy under cycloplegia using 1% @entity12023 . Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Siegel and Castellan post-hoc test or the Mann-Whitney U-test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Students born in June had significantly higher spherical equivalents than schoolchildren born in May (0.66    1.17 and 0.39    1.17 respectively, p = 0.0058). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that students born in June had significantly higher spherical equivalents than schoolchildren born in any other month (0.66    1.17 and 0.50    1.17 respectively, p = 0.0033). Besides that, we did not observe any other association between @entity2516 and the month of birth. CONCLUSION: @entity1 born in Poland in June may have a higher spherical equivalent.

title: Does the month of birth influence the prevalence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relevance of type and severity of @entity260 after curative resection for @entity5 on survival and recurrence rates is a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity260 on long-term outcome after resection for @entity5 . DESIGN: This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a university teaching hospital by a specialized colorectal team. @entity1 : Between January 1984 and October 2008, 811 @entity1 with @entity5 underwent curative resection. @entity1 who experienced @entity260 were divided into a minor complication group (grades I and II) and a major complications group (grades III and IV) according to the Clavien classification. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The influence of several pathological and clinical factors, including complications in terms of overall and disease-free survival, was tested and compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Curative resection was performed in 811 @entity1 ; median age was 65 years. The Kaplan-Meier estimates (   SE) for 5- and 10-year overall cumulative survival were 70.3%    1.8% and 54.5%    2.4%; Kaplan-Meier estimates for 5- and 10-year disease-free survival were 64.0%    1.8% and 50.9%    2.3%. One hundred sixty-five @entity1 (20.3%) had minor complications, and 103 @entity1 (12.7%) had major complications. Twelve @entity1 (1.48%) died within 30 days after surgery. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with no complications, @entity1 with minor complications, and @entity1 with major complications in terms of overall (p = 0.41) or disease-free survival (p = 0.32). LIMITATIONS: A possible limitation of our study is that the data represent a cohort study from a single center. CONCLUSION: Following resection for @entity5 , the severity of @entity260 (minor or major) according to a standardized classification system does not demonstrate a statistically significant effect on either overall or disease-free survival.

title: Impact of XXXX on long-term survival after resection for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of exercise on quality of life in (a) a randomized controlled trial of exercise among recently diagnosed @entity0 survivors undergoing adjuvant therapy and (b) a similar trial among post-treatment survivors. METHODS: Fifty newly diagnosed @entity0 survivors were recruited through a hospital-based @entity5 registry and randomized to a 6-month, home-based exercise program (n=25) or a usual care group (n=25). In a separate trial, 75 post-treatment survivors were randomized to a 6-month, supervised exercise intervention (n=37) or to usual care (n=38). @entity1 in both studies completed measures of happiness, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, self-esteem, and quality of life at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 completed the trial for newly diagnosed survivors and 67 completed the trial for post-treatment survivors. Good adherence was observed in both studies. Baseline quality of life was similar for both studies on most measures. Exercise was not associated with quality of life benefits in the full sample of either study; however exercise was associated with improved social functioning among post-treatment survivors who reported low social functioning at baseline (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise did not affect quality of life in either recently diagnosed or post-treatment @entity0 survivors; however this may be due in part to relatively high baseline functioning among @entity1 in both studies. Strategies for future research include limiting enrollment to survivors who report reduced quality of life on screening questionnaires and targeting survivor subgroups known to be at particular risk for quality of @entity73 .

title: Exercise and quality of life during and after treatment for XXXX : results of two randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An epidemic of @entity3028 and @entity3028 occurred in 1975 in conjunction with @entity1088 treatment of mental @entity1 in Finland. An attempt was made to assess the epidemiologic and genetic factors contributing to the adverse drug effect. The estimated incidence rate in Finland was 2.1/1000 @entity1 -months. This figure could not be compared with rates from other countries because of the inexact nature of the figures reported so far. All 16 cases occurred in seven hospitals in southwestern Finland, whereas the overall hospital net use of the drug was geographically evenly distributed. The difference between the observed and the proportionally expected incidence of cases amongst the hospitals where @entity1088 was used was statistically significant. The average consumption of the drug did not differ between the hospitals where cases occurred and those where no definite cases could be diagnosed. Six-generation pedigree analyses failed to reveal significant parental consanguinity or genetic kinship between probands. Neither did the birth places of the ancestors of the probands disclose a typical isolate pattern. In conclusion, the cases appeared to be confined to a few hospitals in southwestern Finland. Although a genetic factor is not excluded, we found no evidence in support of a genetic mechanism.

title: @entity1088 -induced XXXX . A genetic and epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis', 'granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity3028 :: (MESH:D000380,Disease) :: ['agranulocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the agreement and rates of @entity5 screening using four prognostic tools that require different types of clinical information. DESIGN: Observational retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 2009 and 2010 waves of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. @entity1 : Adults aged 66-90 with survey and claims data (N = 9,469). MEASUREMENTS: Agreement between four indices predicting short-term (4-5 years) and long-term (9-10 years) survival; self-reported breast and @entity263 screening. RESULTS: Agreement between the four prognostic tools was high. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.90 for short-term survival and 0.68 to 0.94 for long-term survival. When defining limited short-term life expectancy as less than 25% chance of surviving 4 or 5 years, all four tools agreed in 96.4% of the sample. All four tools agreed in their placement of @entity1 into limited or not-limited long-term life expectancy in 77.1% of @entity1 (<25% chance of surviving 9 or 10 years). Rates of @entity5 screening were similarly high in individuals with limited long-term life expectancy regardless of the tool used: greater than 31% for mammographic screening in @entity1 and greater than 69% for @entity263 screening. CONCLUSION: There is substantial agreement among different prognostic tools for short- and long-term survival in Medicare beneficiaries. The high rates of @entity5 screening of individuals with limited life expectancy suggest the importance of incorporating tools into clinical decision-making.

title: Comparing Prognostic Tools for XXXX Screening: Considerations for Clinical Practice and Performance Assessment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: A model was developed to determine whether protein-based chemotherapeutic agents can cross the blood-brain barrier and successfully treat @entity1313 . The @entity1 small-cell @entity2 @entity27174 was grown as a solid @entity5 in the nude @entity35 brain, and diphtheria toxin (DT) was administered intravenously as therapy. Because @entity35 cells lack functional DT receptors and are 1000 to 10,000 times less sensitive to DT than @entity1 cells, a therapeutic window exists between the implanted @entity1 @entity5 and the nude @entity35 host. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of DT were defined. Within 6 hours, more than 90% of the initial DT concentration was removed from the blood. The blood-to- @entity5 transfer constant Ki for DT in small @entity27174 @entity5 was 0.49 microliters/gm-min, one-fourth to one-fifth the reported values for permeability to proteins in other @entity5 models. Despite the toxin's short plasma half-life and the relatively intact @entity5 barrier, DT administered intravenously as a single dose significantly extended animal survival. Untreated nude @entity35 developed solid @entity5 and died in 11 to 16 days (median 15 days). When administered at 0.1 micrograms/animal, DT increased the median survival time to 19 days (p less than 0.0016) while 1.0-microgram doses extended median survival times to 26.5 days (p less than 0.0002). A higher dose of DT (3.0 micrograms) had no further beneficial effect on survival (26.1 days). Blood-brain barrier constraints to successful monoclonal antibody-based therapies of @entity1313 may have been overestimated since antibody conjugates have plasma half-lives longer than DT, and the permeability of @entity27174 @entity5 to DT is equal to or less than the permeability of other experimental @entity5 to large proteins. Recently developed immunotoxins that have the higher potency of DT and a therapeutic window as wide as DT has in this nude @entity35 / @entity1 @entity5 paradigm may be effective in treating @entity1313 despite limited @entity5 permeability.

title: Diphtheria toxin effects on @entity1313 xenografts. Implications for protein-based XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'blood-tumor', 'experimental tumor', 'parenchymal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain-tumor']


abstract: Novel immunotherapies are increasingly being used to treat @entity320 . The use of such agents has been associated with triggering autoimmunity. However, there has been a paucity in reports of @entity14204 associated with these immunotherapies. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death antigen ( @entity8395 ), is currently being trialled in the UK to treat @entity320 . We report a unique case of antibody-negative @entity14204 presenting 1 year after starting pembrolizumab, in the context of @entity320 . The @entity1 presented with progressive @entity73 . MRI of the brain revealed signal change within the limbic structures. Cerebrospinal fluid studies confirmed evidence of @entity32 with raised white cell count and protein. We were able to prevent further progression of symptoms by stopping pembrolizumab and treating the @entity1 instead with @entity230 . We advocate considering autoimmune neuroinflammation as a differential for @entity16 presenting in @entity1 receiving @entity8395 antagonist treatment and immunotherapy in general.

title: XXXX following immunotherapy against metastatic @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity14204 :: (MESH:D020363,Disease) :: ['Limbic encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of paired, @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ) performed prior to or after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct low to moderate amounts of natural or laser-induced @entity940 . METHODS: Spherical PRK was performed in 730 eyes for @entity1714 of -1.00 to -7.00 D. PRK with @entity1019 was performed in 150 of these eyes; we studied 123 eyes that did not have PRK enhancement. @entity1019 was performed prior to PRK in all 37 study eyes with @entity940 of 1.50 D or more at the preoperative examination. @entity1019 keratotomy was performed after PRK in 86 study eyes for residual @entity940 of +0.75 D or more and uncorrected visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. RESULTS: @entity1019 before PRK group: PRK was performed at a mean 1.0 +/- 1.5 months after @entity1019 . Mean @entity940 decreased from +2.40 +/- 0.6 D (range, 1.00 to 4.00 D) before @entity1019 to 0.60 +/- 0.60 D (range, 0 to 2.25 D) after @entity1019 (P < .0001). Net change in @entity940 was 1.80 +/- 0.60 D (range, 0.80 to 2.80 D) and mean reduction was 75%. Spherical equivalent refraction changed from -4.10 +/- 1.90 D (range, -0.25 to -8.10 D) to -4.40 +/- 1.80 D after @entity1019 (P = .002). Mean change in spherical equivalent refraction after @entity1019 was -0.30 +/- 0.50 D (range, -1.10 to +0.40 D). @entity1019 after PRK group: @entity1019 was performed at a mean 3.5 +/- 1.9 months after PRK. Six months after @entity1019 , @entity940 was decreased from +1.50 +/- 0.60 D to 0.40 +/- 0.40 D (P = .04). Net change in @entity940 at 6 months was 1.10 +/- 0.60 D and mean reduction was 74%. Vector change in @entity940 magnitude was 1.30 +/- 0.60 D (range, 0 to 4.00 D) at 6 months and vector change in @entity940 axis was 65 degrees +/- 68 degrees. Spherical equivalent refraction did not change when @entity1019 was performed after PRK for eyes with low @entity940 (P = .4). @entity1019 retreatment was performed in 6 of 37 (16%) eyes that had @entity1019 before PRK and 18 of 86 (21%) eyes that had @entity1019 after PRK (P = .12). CONCLUSION: Arcuate transverse keratotomy performed prior to PRK for high @entity940 or after PRK for lower levels of residual @entity940 effectively improved visual outcome. Coupling was less predictable for high levels of @entity940 correction with @entity1019 .

title: Arcuate transverse keratotomy remains a useful adjunct to correct XXXX in conjunction with photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['Arc-T', 'arcuate transverse keratotomy']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite its relatively low incidence in Saudi Arabia, @entity0 has been the most common @entity5 among Saudi females for the past 12 consecutive years. The objective of this study was to report the results of the first national public @entity0 screening program in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: @entity1 40 years of age or older underwent @entity0 screening. Mammograms were scored using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Correlations between imaging findings, risk factors and pathological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: Between September 2007 and April 2008, 1215 @entity1 were enrolled. The median age was 45 years, and median body mass index was 31.6 kg/m 2 . Sixteen cases of @entity5 were diagnosed. No @entity5 was diagnosed in 942 @entity1 with R1/R2 scores, and only 1 case of @entity5 was diagnosed in 228 @entity1 with R0/R3 scores. However, among 26 @entity1 with R4/R5 scores, 50% had @entity5 and 35% had benign lesions. No correlation was found between known risk factors and imaging score or @entity5 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Public acceptance of the @entity0 screening program was encouraging. Longitudinal follow-up will help in better determining the risk factors relevant to our @entity1 population.

title: The first national public XXXX screening program in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) and postoperative axial computed tomography (CT) scans in 25 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) and anterior correction and fusion with a dual rod system were analyzed in a prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the spatial relations between the vertebral body and the aorta and the relative migration of the aorta due to the anterior correction and instrumentation in right @entity1514 @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In anterior @entity1635 surgery, bicortical screw purchase is performed to increase pullout strength. However, impingement of the aorta due to excessive contralateral screw penetration has been reported, especially after endoscopic instrumentation. For a safe screw placement, knowledge of both the preoperative topographic relation of aorta and vertebral body and its changes due to surgical correction is crucial. Recent studies reported on a more lateral and posterior position of the aorta in @entity1615 @entity1 . However, there are hardly any data on the changes of the aortic position after anterior curve correction available in the current literature. METHODS: All 25 @entity1 underwent an identical anterior surgical technique with standard open approach and dual rod instrumentation of the primary curve. Preoperative MRI and postoperative sequential CT scans of 180 vertebrae were analyzed with respect to following parameters: vertebral body width and depth, diameter of the aorta, closest distance between aorta and the vertebral body, the aorta-vertebral angle, and the position of the aorta in relation to the spinal canal. RESULTS: Before surgery, the aorta is positioned posterolaterally with an aorta-vertebral angle of between 78 degrees and 92 degrees (between T5 and T10). Between @entity3138 and L2, the aorta is positioned more anteromedially with an aorta-vertebral angle from 62 degrees ( @entity3138 ) to 16 degrees (L2). After surgery, the aorta has migrated from a posterolateral to a more anteromedial position. This migration is maximal at the apex vertebra with an average change of the aorta-vertebral angle of 31.4 degrees . Whereas the distance between the aorta and the vertebral body increases at the upper and lower fusion levels, the aorta moves significantly closer to the vertebral body at the curve apex due to surgical correction. In @entity1 with @entity1514 , the aorta is positioned significantly more posterior than in @entity1 with hyperkyphosis. CONCLUSIONS: This MRI and CT based study of 25 @entity1 with @entity1615 treated by standard open dual rod and dual screw instrumentation demonstrates a migration of the aorta by 31 degrees from a more posterolateral position before surgery to a more anteromedial position after surgery at the curve apex. @entity1635 surgeons should be aware of these changes; any excessive contralateral screw penetration must be avoided at any level.

title: The position of the aorta relative to the spine before and after anterior instrumentation in right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic AIS', 'idiopathic right thoracic adolescent scoliosis', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis', 'thoracic hypokyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite ample experience with transsphenoidal surgery, objective data on which suprasellar @entity5 expansion and growth pattern allows for radical @entity652 resection are still sparse. Hence, we have performed a prospective study to establish the predictive value of @entity5 dimension and shape for the intra-operative descent of the diaphragma, the @entity5 resection and the outcome of @entity1 harbouring @entity977 with suprasellar extension. METHOD: Included in the study were 105 @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity977 and suprasellar extension who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery between January 1998 and December 2005. The precise suprasellar extension, the degree of dumbbell-shape, the configuration of the @entity652 and the depth of the pituitary fossa were evaluated. Completeness of resection was assessed by MRI at 3 months postoperatively. FINDINGS: The mean cranio-caudal diameter of the @entity5 was 28.0 mm (range 9.2-57.8 mm). On average, the suprasellar extension measured 11.9 mm (range 2.1-25.8 mm). Total @entity5 was accomplished in 83% (87 of 105) of the @entity1 . A second operation for residual @entity652 was only indicated in 2 cases. The vertical intracranial extension was the strongest independent predictor of subtotal resection (p < 0.001). Irregular and multilobular configuration was a second highly-significant and independent predictor for incomplete resection (p < 0.003). In contrast, dumbbell-shape and shallow pituitary fossa were not independent predictive factors for incomplete @entity5 resection. The complication rate was very low. None of our @entity1 suffered postoperative @entity5254 , @entity693 or @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: One-stage transsphenoidal surgery allows total or near-total resection of most suprasellar @entity977 with low surgical morbidity. Quantitative assessment of @entity5 dimension and configuration contributes to establishing guidelines for the selection of the appropriate approach and prediction of surgical outcome.

title: Objective criteria for successful transsphenoidal removal of suprasellar nonfunctioning XXXX . A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the suprasellar tumour', 'completeness of tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Neck @entity158 is reported in 75% is strongly associated with greater disability and decreased quality of life. Botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B; Myobloc  ) is a new botulinum toxin that has been proven safe and effective in reducing the @entity158 , severity, and disability of @entity1 with cervical @entity3519 . We analyzed a subset of efficacy data from two randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. The first study consisted of three treatment groups in @entity1 who were responders to the type A toxin, including placebo (<FORMULA>n=36</FORMULA>), 5000 units (U) (<FORMULA>n=36</FORMULA>), 10,000 U (<FORMULA>n=37</FORMULA>). The second study consisted of placebo (n=38) and 10,000-U treatment groups (<FORMULA>n=39</FORMULA>) in @entity1 not responding to the type A toxin. For this analysis, the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)-subscale scores for @entity158 and three visual analog scales ( @entity1 Analog @entity158 , @entity1 Global, and Principal Investigator Global Assessments) were evaluated. A dose-response effect was observed in the reduction of @entity158 based on the TWSTRS-subscale scores. In both studies, mean improvements from baseline to week 4 for all @entity1 were significant compared with placebo (<FORMULA>P<0.005</FORMULA>). BoNT-B also significantly improved mean values for all VAS assessments. Our analysis confirms that BoNT-B significantly reduces the @entity158 associated with cervical @entity3519 and improves @entity1 ' overall condition. This clinical benefit suggests that BoNT-B may be useful in other @entity158 syndromes involving @entity2473 or contractions.

title: Botulinum toxin type B: An effective treatment for alleviating @entity158 associated with cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary muscle spasms']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: Calcyphylaxis consists in vascular @entity460 deposition and @entity39 , which appears in the final stage of @entity177 . Advanced forms of systemic connective tissue disease such as @entity1252 , especially with @entity1333 , leading to @entity177 and @entity5507 may be conducive to calcyphylaxis. We are presenting a case of a 50-year-old male requiring chronic peritoneal dialysis since the age of 43, due to @entity454 resulting from chronic glomeluronephritis. The @entity1 presented to our Dermatology Department with large and @entity158 coalescent cutaneous lesions on both lower extremities, fingertips and lips. Both clinical picture and disease history indicated systemic @entity1333 that was previously unrecognized. Additional examinations revealed the following markers of @entity32 : leukocytosis ( @entity29045 ) with normal level of eosinophils, CRP > 0.6 mg/I, ESR 120 mm/h, and IgG 20 g/l, without any source of @entity281 . Indirect immunofluorescence showed the absence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) on polynuclear leucocytes. A distinct fluorescence pattern observed in liver sinusoids was suggestive of the presence of some form of anti-granulocyte antibodies. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in serum (1:1000) with homogenous and microgranular fluorescence pattern. Anti-extractable nuclear antigen panel (ENA), C3/C4 levels, anti-smooth muscle, anti-dsDNA and anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies were within normal limits. Lupus band test revealed IgA and IgG deposits at the dermis-epidermis junction. Histopathological examination of the skin showed @entity730 complicated by small vessel @entity715 , however, it was non-specific for @entity1333 . Our case represents an example of calcyphylaxis associated with a widespread medial vascular @entity730 in a @entity1 with end stage @entity8 secondary to @entity1252 . Although renal dialysis itself is known to trigger calcyphylaxis, there have been few reports in literature suggesting that @entity1413 may also contribute to this process.

title: [Calcyphylaxis in a XXXX with @entity454 in the course of @entity1252 , diagnostic problems--case report].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies have shown that @entity702 implants can be challenging to explant due to the material's excellent biocompatibility and resulting osseointegration. Clinically, @entity702 alloy nail interlocking screws may require removal to dynamize a construct or revise the nail due to nonunion, @entity281 , @entity158 , or @entity3564 . This study was designed to determine what variables influence the removal torque for @entity702 alloy interlocking screws. An intramedullary nail with four interlocking screws was used to stabilize a 1-cm segmental femoral defect in a @entity235 model for 16   weeks. The animals were observed to be active following a several-day recovery after surgery. In six animals, the femora and implanted nail/screws were first tested to failure in torsion to simulate @entity3564 of an implant after which the screws were then removed. In four additional animals, the screws were removed without mechanical testing. Both intraoperative insertional and extraction torques were recorded for all screws. Mechanical testing to failure broke 10/24 screws. On average, the intact screws required 70% of the insertional torque during removal while broken screws only required 16% of the insertional torque (p   <   0.001). In addition, intact screws closer to the @entity174 required 2.8 times more removal torque than the outboard distal screw (p   <   0.005). On average, the angle of rotation to peak torque was    80  . The peak axial load did not significantly correlate with the torque required to remove the screws. On average, the removal torque was lower than at the time of insertion, and less torque was required to remove broken screws and screws remote to the @entity174 . However, broken screws will require additional time to retrieve the remaining screw fragment. This study suggests that broken screws and screws in prematurely active @entity1 will require less torque to remove.

title: Removal torque of nail interlocking screws is related to screw proximity to the XXXX and screw breakage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: One hundred sixty @entity1 with biopsy-proved clinical stage A or B @entity263 were examined with high-resolution transrectal ultrasonography prior to radical prostatectomy. All @entity5 showed either a hypoechoic or isoechoic echo pattern. However, 11 @entity1 demonstrated evidence of focal bright echogenic areas at the periphery or within the center of a @entity5 . Coarse echogenic foci seen in seven @entity1 corresponded pathologically to calcified corpora amylacea in @entity5 of the prostate gland either at the edge of the @entity5 or scattered throughout the @entity5 . Seven @entity1 showed a fine, stippled echogenic pattern within the lesion. On a pathologic level, this pattern represented high-grade @entity5 with extensive central comedonecrosis and @entity730 in five @entity1 and an unusual deposit of small intraluminal crystalloid deposits in two @entity1 . Combinations of echo patterns were observed in three @entity1 . This study demonstrates that echogenic foci can be seen within predominantly @entity5 nodules. Coarse bright echoes, usually at the periphery of the @entity5 , suggest @entity730 in benign prostate glands. Tumor @entity730 and intraluminal prostatic crystalloid deposits were located more centrally and had a finer stippled sonographic appearance.

title: Bright echogenic foci in early XXXX : sonographic and pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypoechoic tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: In this review, an attempt was made to describe how @entity2175 ( @entity2175 , @entity2175 ) affects the life of the ill @entity1 . @entity1 are affected by and cope with this complex disease in different ways, depending on its severity and complications. Influences on well-being therefore also vary--from none to major deterioration. A substantial proportion of @entity1 are primarily affected with @entity1295 , @entity148 , and @entity308 . Deteriorations in cognitive function have also been documented, although diverging evidence exists. Some negative social circumstances have also been noted. Social support, particularly specific support, appears to be helpful, although self-efficacy and health practices seem to be as important. Resistance to compliance with @entity6 regimens together with reactions to the demands for increased levels of physical activity are often seen. Systematic focused studies examining how @entity1 and significant others perceive the impact of the disease in retrospect are still awaited. There is a great need for more research on @entity2175 ; broad prospective longitudinal follow-up studies monitoring natural disease progression, as well as examining the predictive significance of quality of life, would be welcome.

title: XXXX and quality of life: a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'type II diabetes', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type II diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of topical 1.5% @entity4580 in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic @entity14985 and to compare the efficacy of two different treatment modalities. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial included 67 @entity1 with chronic anterior and/or posterior @entity14985 , followed-up for 3 months. Signs and symptoms were graded according to severity. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: 33 @entity1 in group I and 34 @entity1 in group II. Group I @entity1 were treated with topical 1.5% @entity4580 twice a day for three days, and Group II @entity1 were treated with topical 1.5% @entity4580 twice a day for three days then at bedtime for the rest of the month. All @entity1 were instructed to apply warm compresses and an eye-friendly soap twice daily. RESULTS: @entity1 in both groups tolerated the treatment with minimal irritation. A significant improvement in signs and symptoms was noted at the one week follow-up visit. Group II showed a more pronounced and longer-lasting improvement that persisted after three months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Topical 1.5% @entity4580 ophthalmic solution is an effective treatment option for chronic @entity14985 . In moderate to severe @entity14985 , a one month treatment is safe and shows better improvement than the three-day protocol with no significant relapse until three months of follow-up.

title: @entity4580 1.5% ophthalmic solution: efficacy and treatment modalities in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

answer: @entity14985 :: (MESH:D001762,Disease) :: ['blepharitis']


abstract: @entity2335 is a @entity4365 , with less than 200 reported cases in the world. It is characterized by a @entity1494 , mainly by eosinophils, with @entity82 and @entity121 areas. Its origin seems to be immunological, although the triggers are not well known. Several predispose factor have been described such as @entity56 , @entity1494 , drugs, infections, etc. It affects @entity1 of all ages, mainly adults. It presents with frecuency, haematuria and @entity158 . Other less frequent symptoms are disuria, urinary retention, nicturia, and enuresis. The laboratory study (urinalysis, urinalysis and haemogram) and radiology (ultrasound, intravenous pyelography, computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance) are non specific. The lesions observed in the cystoscopy could emulate other diseases, that why the proper diagnostic is the histological analysis. The management could be observation o antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory and corticoid treatment. In refractory cases, surgery is an alternative. In this work, two male adult cases are reported with their symptoms, studies and management.

title: [ XXXX : review and two case reports].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder wall inflammation', 'bladder injuries']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low frequency disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suprapubic pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic cystitis']


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: We aimed to identify factors - glycemic control, reactive inflammatory biomarkers or vital signs - associated with mortality in @entity6 @entity1 admitted to hospital for @entity281 (non-intensive care unit). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 620 @entity6 @entity1 admitted to hospital for @entity281 (non-intensive care unit) who underwent @entity413 monitoring >3 times per day. We extracted data regarding reactive inflammatory biomarkers and vital signs recorded on day 1 of hospital stay, and data on @entity2259 and @entity4053 status, glycemic variability (GV; coefficient of variation and standard deviation) and mean @entity413 concentrations during the entire hospital stay. Univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the association between these factors and mortality. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 10.1%. Reactive inflammatory biomarkers, vital signs and @entity2259 were not associated with mortality. According to the results of the adjusted analysis, @entity4053 showed a significant positive association with mortality, increasing death risk by 266% (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.22-5.83; P = 0.0006). High coefficient of variation and standard deviation values were significantly associated with increased mortality, increasing death risk by 18% (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38; P = 0.03) and 9% (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18; P = 0.03), respectively. Mean @entity413 concentrations were also significantly associated with mortality, increasing death risk by 5% (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08; P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Glycemic indices (especially @entity4053 and GV), rather than reactive inflammatory biomarkers or vital signs, were associated with mortality in non-intensive care unit @entity6 @entity1 with @entity281 .

title: @entity4053 and glycemic variability are associated with mortality in non-intensive care unit hospitalized infectious disease @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'various infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multicenter study was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous dose of @entity2778 (1.5 mg/kg over 10 minutes) in achieving normal sinus rhythm in paroxysmal @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) lasting greater than or equal to 15 minutes. @entity1 were randomized to either @entity2778 or placebo as initial treatment, and if the @entity4710 was not terminated a crossover was performed after 20 minutes. A total of 43 @entity1 were enrolled, 38 of whom with spontaneous (n = 14) or induced (n = 24) @entity4710 were analyzed for @entity2778 efficacy. Most @entity1 (n = 27) had atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant @entity591 , and an important subgroup (n = 11) had circus @entity591 , using an accessory pathway for retrograde conduction. The number of @entity1 converting to sinus rhythm as a result of the initial treatment was significantly higher in the @entity2778 group than in the placebo group, for spontaneous (p less than 0.005) as well as for induced @entity591 (p less than 0.001). Sinus rhythm was achieved within 30 minutes in 83% of all @entity1 who received @entity2778 as the first drug, compared with 16% of the @entity1 first receiving placebo (p less than 0.0001). For @entity2778 safety analysis, 42 @entity1 were included. A total of 37 @entity1 received @entity2778 , 19 as the first treatment, and 18 as the second treatment, while 25 @entity1 received placebo. A total of 15 possible adverse effects were reported, occurring in 10 @entity1 with @entity2778 versus 4 with placebo. The only severe side effect ( @entity551 ) necessitating termination of drug administration occurred with placebo. No proarrhythmic effects were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2778 for termination of paroxysmal XXXX . The @entity2778 Versus Placebo Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['movement tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the frequency of @entity425 and its determinant factors after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of the @entity7244 ( @entity9348 ) in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2006 to October 2006, 60 @entity1 (48 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age, 59 years) who had undergone chemoembolization of the right @entity9348 underwent follow-up angiography of the right @entity9348 and fluoroscopic diaphragmatic movement assessment. @entity425 was determined by the presence of paradoxical or decreased movement at fluoroscopy. As determinant factors, the extent of embolization (selective chemoembolization of the anterior or posterior branch vs nonselective chemoembolization), the use of gelatin sponge pledgets, additional @entity900 infusion, the size of a @entity5 supplied by the right @entity9348 (>or=48 mm vs <48 mm), multiplicity of right @entity9348 chemoembolization, and the extent of occlusive changes (single vs both branches) at follow-up right @entity9348 angiography were assessed. The chi(2) and logistic regression tests were used to identify determinant factors of @entity425 . RESULTS: @entity425 occurred in 11 of the 60 @entity1 (18%). All 11 @entity1 complained of shoulder @entity158 during chemoembolization, but persistent @entity1353 did not develop. Nonselective embolization (P = .005) and occlusive changes of both right @entity9348 branches at follow-up angiography (P = .002) were significant determinant factors, as determined with univariate analysis. As determined with multivariate analysis, an occlusive change of both right @entity9348 branches was the only significant determinant factor (P = .009; odds ratio, 17.2). @entity425 developed in 10 of the 28 @entity1 (36%) with occlusive changes of both right @entity9348 branches and only one (3.1%) of the remaining 32 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: When chemoembolization of the right @entity9348 is nonselectively performed and with permanent occlusive changes of the right @entity9348 , @entity425 can develop in one-third of @entity1 as an @entity63 complication.

title: Development of @entity425 after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of the XXXX : frequency and determinant factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['right inferior phrenic artery']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic weakness', 'Diaphragmatic weakness']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity7244 :: (MESH:D020765,Disease) :: ['right inferior phrenic artery']


abstract: 1. We investigated in the present study whether @entity750 is able to exert direct relaxant responses in @entity235 basilar and middle cerebral arteries via the 5-HT7 receptor. 2. In arterial rings deprived of endothelium and pre-contracted with @entity3774 (2 microM), @entity750 , @entity20935 ( @entity20936 ), @entity20532 , @entity9251 or @entity11244 produced further increase in tone and/or slight relaxation. Blockade of @entity20938 1D and 5-HT2A receptors with @entity28262 (1 microM) and @entity6009 (0.1 microM), respectively, antagonized the vasoconstrictor component of the response and unmasked a concentration-dependent relaxation to @entity750 , @entity20936 and @entity20532 ; @entity9251 and @entity11244 remained inactive as relaxant agonists. The rank order of agonist potency in both arteries was @entity20936 > @entity750 > @entity20532 > @entity9251 > or = @entity11244 . 3. In @entity235 basilar artery, pre-incubated with @entity28262 (1 microM) and @entity6009 (0.1 microM) and precontracted with @entity3774 (2 microM), the 5-HT7 ligands, @entity1088 (1 microM), @entity4087 (0.3 microM), @entity10896 (3 nM), @entity1090 (3 nM), @entity11054 (1 microM) and @entity28263 (10-100 nM), produced significant rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves for @entity750 and @entity20936 . Only @entity10896 and @entity1090 reduced significantly the maximum relaxant response (Emax), whilst the other drugs behaved as competitive antagonists with affinity values (pKB) that significantly correlated with their binding affinity (pKi) at recombinant 5-HT7 receptors. 4. These data disclosing the involvement of the 5-HT7 receptor in cerebrovascular relaxation may be strongly relevant in the light of: (1) the involvement of @entity750 in @entity2704 ; (2) the putative linkage between cephalovascular vasodilatation and @entity2704 ; and (3) the relatively high 5-HT7 receptor affinity of @entity2704 prophylactic @entity750 antagonists.

title: Pharmacological evidence for the 5-HT7 receptor mediating smooth muscle relaxation in XXXX cerebral arteries.

entities_list: @entity11244 :: ('MESH:C042390', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['methiothepin']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['spiperone']

entities_list: @entity4087 :: ('MESH:C031649', 'Chemical') :: ['mesulergine']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache', 'migraine']

entities_list: @entity20532 :: ('MESH:D008735', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity20935 :: ('MESH:C047087', 'Chemical') :: ['5-carboxamidotryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4304 is a rare @entity4304 . To the best of our knowledge, only 11 cases have been reported since 1987. @entity4304 presents a diagnostic challenge due to its atypical symptoms and histological patterns. At the time of diagnosis, a large percentage of @entity1 are already at the metastatic stage and succumb within a few months. The present study reports a case of a 59-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity1395 and @entity353 with @entity4304 metastatic to the lung. A computed tomography (CT) scan and ultrasonography of the @entity1 's abdomen suggested a large homogeneous mass in the right adrenal gland, and a CT scan of his chest suggested lung metastasis. Right adrenalectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed that the @entity5 was composed of sarcomatous and @entity3909 differentiation elements. Immunohistochemical examination revealed @entity5 cell positivity for @entity2277 and cytokeratin. At the 6-month follow-up the @entity1 exhibited no disease progression and refused further proposed treatment. The @entity1 was alive at the time of writing the current report. The present case report additionally reviews the literature, for the purpose of raising awareness of these rare lesions and assisting in achieving accurate diagnoses and effective treatment.

title: Primary XXXX metastatic to the lung: Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'adrenal carcinoma', 'Adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4304 :: (MESH:D000310,Disease) :: ['adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the anti- @entity5 effects of combined cytotoxic drug ( @entity136 ) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on @entity1 @entity788 xenograft in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity788 cell line SW1990 was used in the investigation of the in vivo effect of combined @entity136 and PDT on @entity1 @entity788 xenograft in @entity19 . Sixty @entity19 were randomly allocated into a control group (without treatment), photosensitizer treatment group (2 mg/kg photosan, without illumination), chemotherapy group (50 mg/kg @entity136 i.p.), PDT group (2 mg/kg photosan + laser irradiation) and combined treatment group (photosan + chemotherapy), with 12 @entity19 in each group. @entity5 size was measured twice every week. Anti- @entity5 activity in different groups was evaluated by @entity5 growth inhibition (TGI). RESULTS: No significant anti- @entity5 effect was observed either in photosensitizer treatment group or in chemotherapy group. PDT led to @entity39 in @entity5 and significantly reduced @entity5 volume compared with photosensitizer on day 6 and at the following time points after initialization of therapy (0.24 +/- 0.15-0.49 +/- 0.08 vs 0.43 +/- 0.18-1.25 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05). PDT significantly reduced @entity5 volume in combined treatment group compared with photosensitizer treatment group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.39 +/- 0.15-1.20 +/- 0.11, P < 0.05), small dose chemotherapy group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.32 +/- 0.14-1.16 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05) and control group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.43 +/- 0.18-1.25 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05). TGI was higher in the combined treatment group (82.42%) than in the PDT group (58.18%). CONCLUSION: PDT has a significant anti- @entity5 effect, which is maintained for a short time and can be significantly enhanced by small doses of @entity136 .

title: Synergetic anticancer effect of combined XXXX and photodynamic therapy on @entity788 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer lesions']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity1136 (Tc-99m) sestamibi imaging at rest has been used to detect and localize @entity583 . The largest study to date is a cooperative study of 146 @entity1 in 17 institutions. There were 24 normal subjects and 122 @entity1 with documented @entity583 based on clinical, enzymatic or electrocardiographic criteria. The presence of segmental myocardial perfusion defects was compared to the presence of a Q wave on the electrocardiogram or wall motion abnormality on gated blood pool scans, performed within 48 hours of the Tc-99m sestamibi study. Of the 122 @entity1188 @entity1 , 118 (97%) showed perfusion abnormalities by Tc-99m sestamibi imaging. A perfusion defect was found in 110 (99%) of 111 @entity1 with a Q wave and a wall motion abnormality, 113 (99%) of 114 @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality and 113 (98%) of 115 @entity1 with a Q wave. Of the 24 normal subjects, 22 (92%) had normal Tc-99m sestamibi images. In 75% of 1,986 segments, both a Tc-99m sestamibi defect and a regional wall motion abnormality on gated blood scans were present. In 11% of segments, wall motion was normal but Tc-99m sestamibi imaging was abnormal; in 14% of segments, wall motion was abnormal and Tc-99m sestamibi images were normal. In the 24 control subjects, 99% of the segments were normal. Thirty-eight @entity1 had coronary angiography. A close relation existed between the coronary anatomy and myocardial Tc-99m sestamibi uptake. All 9 territories supplied by an occluded vessel and poor collaterals had grade 0 uptake (scale 0 to 2: 0 = markedly reduced; 2 = normal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection and location of XXXX using @entity1136 sestamibi imaging at rest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['Technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity41 during resection of glial @entity1313 remains a challenge because of a low inherent contrast of adjacent @entity4 brain, the surrounding infiltration zone, and the @entity5 . Therefore, new technologies that may facilitate an intraoperative analysis of the tissue at the resection edge are of great interest to neurosurgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For ex vivo imaging of @entity11 in a @entity19 model and @entity1 biopsy specimens of @entity1313 and nervous system tissue we have used a time-domain Sirius 713 Tomograph with a central wavelength of 1,310 nm and a coherence length of 15 microm equipped with a mono mode fiber and a modified optical coherence tomography (OCT) adapter containing a lens system for imaging at a working distance of 2.5 cm. A spectral-domain tomograph using 840 nm and 930 nm superluminescence diodes (SLD) with a central wavelength of 900 nm was used as a second imaging modelity. RESULTS: Both time-domain and spectral-domain coherence tomography delineated normal brain, the infiltration zone and @entity5 in @entity19 @entity1779 . Histological evaluation of H_E sections parallel to the optical plain demonstrated that @entity5 areas of less than a millimeter could be detected and that not only @entity5 , but also brain invaded by a low-density single @entity5 cells produced an OCT signal different from normal brain. Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) demonstrated a significantly more detailed microstructure of @entity5 and normal brain up to a tissue depth of 1.5-2.0 mm, whereas the interpretation of time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) was difficult at a tissue depth >1.0 mm. Because of rapid scanning times SD-OCT data could be acquired as 3D data maps, which allowed a multi-planar analysis of the @entity5 to brain interface. Similar to our findings in experimental @entity11 , images of @entity1 nervous system tissue acquired using SD-OCT showed a characteristic signal of normal brain tissue and a detailed microstructure of @entity5 parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Spectral-domain OCT of experimental @entity11 and @entity1 @entity1313 specimens differentiates @entity5 , diffusely invaded brain tissue, and adjacent normal brain based on microstructure and B-scan signal characteristics. In conjunction with the rapid image acquisition rates of SD-OCT, this technology carries the potential of a novel intraoperative imaging tool for the @entity41 and guidance of @entity5 resections.

title: Time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the analysis of XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['detection of residual tumor', 'Detection of residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumor', 'neurosurgical tumor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral gliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: Profiles of @entity1920 and @entity34940 in @entity1460 seeds were determined during seed-fill. The @entity855 content per seed increased during the early seed-filling stages to a level of 10 to 12 micrograms per seed. Seed @entity855 decreased after 40 days of development and reached its lowest level of less than 1 microgram at maturity. The @entity855 : @entity857 ratios were relatively constant at all seed development stages. Sharp increases in @entity860 levels during the late seed-fill stages were paralleled with a disappearance of @entity855 and @entity857 pools resulting in a reduced seed energy charge. Energy charge varied from the highest value of 0.78 at mid-seed-fill to less than 0.10 at maturity.Of the oxidized ( @entity2125 , @entity1110 ) and reduced ( @entity2125 , @entity1110 ) @entity34940 forms, @entity2125 was the most abundant. Levels as high as 17.5 micrograms per seed were observed during the mid-seed-filling stages. @entity1110 was found almost exclusively in the reduced form with a @entity1110 : @entity1110 ratio of less than 0.35, whereas the reverse was noted for @entity2125 which was found mainly in the oxidized form with a @entity2125 : @entity2125 ratio in the range of 5 to 25. @entity1110 was detected in low concentrations compared to the other @entity1920 and @entity34940 . The @entity4571 redox charge defined as ( @entity2125 + @entity1110 )/( @entity2125 + @entity2125 ) + ( @entity1110 + @entity1110 ) was calculated to express the state of the energy balance between the oxidized and reduced @entity34940 forms. The @entity4571 redox charge varied between 0.15 and 0.30 during seed development and was significantly lower than that found for the @entity1920 energy charge.

title: XXXX and @entity34940 in developing @entity1460 seeds during seed-fill.

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity34940 :: ('CHEBI:25527', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide nucleotides', 'nicotinamide nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['Adenylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To report the outcomes after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity1 with @entity957 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Between July 2001 and March 2007, a total of 130 @entity1 were treated with definitive IMRT for @entity957 of the oropharynx. Forty-seven @entity1 (36%) had T3 (26 @entity1 ) or T4 (21 @entity1 ) @entity5 and 117 @entity1 (90%) had overall stage III to IV disease. The fractionation schedules employed included the following: once daily, 12 @entity1 (9%); hyperfractionation, three @entity1 (2%); and concomitant boost, 115 @entity1 (89%). Seventy-nine @entity1 (61%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 54 @entity1 (42%) underwent a planned neck dissection. Median follow-up was 3.5 years, (range, 0.2-7.7 years). Median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 3.8 years (range, 2.1-7.7 years). RESULTS: The 5-year local control rates were as follows: T1, 93%; T2, 91%; T3, 82%; T4, 67%; and overall, 87%. The 5-year local-regional control rates were as follows: stage I to II, 92%; stage III, 72%; stage @entity3480 , 94%; stage IVB, 71%; and overall, 84%. The 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rate was 93%. The 5-year cause-specific and overall survival rates were 85% and 76%, respectively. Severe late complications occurred in 11 @entity1 (8%). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, IMRT resulted in local-regional control rates that are comparable to those achieved with more conventional techniques with a similar risk of severe complications.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: As the most nucleophilic atom in DNA, the @entity2774 N7 atom is a major site of attack for a large number of chemical mutagens as well as chemotherapeutic agents. @entity2121 , while methylation of @entity2774 N7 is believed to be largely nonmutagenic, @entity4078 , among the most potent mutagens, appears to exert its mutagenic activity through adduction at this site. On the basis of an analysis of the specificity of mutations induced by various adduct forms of @entity4078 , we have previously proposed mechanisms that can both resolve the paradox and account for the specificity of mutagenesis by @entity4078 . The hypothesized mechanisms specify how a bulky @entity2774 N7 lesion can promote G.C to A.T transitions as well as frame-shift mutations. Since the proposed mechanisms are in principle lesion-independent, a simple test of the proposed mechanisms would be to examine the specificity of mutations induced by a structurally different bulky @entity2774 N7 adduct. Toward this goal, M13 replicative form DNA was subjected to in vitro adduction with the @entity8574 mutagen @entity30150 and transfected into @entity526 . Mutations in the LacZ(alpha) gene segments were scored and defined at the sequence level. The results show that @entity30150 adduction induces both base substitutions and frame shifts with near-equal efficiency. A clear majority of base substitutions were G.C to A.T transitions. On the other hand, unlike @entity4078 which could induce both -1 and +1 frameshifts, @entity30150 appears to predominantly induce +1 frame shifts. This preference appears to arise by lesion-dependent mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Induction of G.C to A.T transitions by the XXXX half-mustard @entity30150 supports a mispairing mechanism for mutagenesis by some bulky mutagens.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8574 :: (CHEBI:36420,Chemical) :: ['acridine']


abstract: In superovulated @entity1 the pituitary response to @entity1176 is markedly attenuated by an unspecified ovarian factor(s). To examine the site of attenuation, the response of the pituitary to @entity1176 was investigated in five normally ovulating @entity1 during the late follicular phase of 3 cycles, i.e. a spontaneous (control) cycle, a cycle treated with 'pure' FSH, and a cycle treated with a combination of 'pure' FSH and pulsatile @entity1176 , via a pump (15 micrograms/pulse). The @entity53 levels (mean +/- SEM) at the time of the @entity1176 challenge were respectively 646 +/- 35, 1692 +/- 282 and 5976 +/- 1129 pmol/l. The size of the leading follicle was similar in all groups. Serum LH levels during treatment with FSH decreased significantly, while during treatment with FSH plus @entity1176 they increased initially and then decreased progressively. The response of pituitary LH to @entity1176 was significantly attenuated during treatment with FSH and FSH plus @entity1176 , as compared to the spontaneous cycles, but was not abolished. The attenuation was significantly greater in the FSH plus @entity1176 cycles (94%) than in the FSH cycles (59%). We conclude that in superovulated cycles, the attenuation of the pituitary response to @entity1176 increases with the degree of @entity43 . It is suggested that the responsible unspecified ovarian factor(s) exerts its effects at least at the pituitary level.

title: Superovulation induction in XXXX suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion at the pituitary level.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe corneal and crystalline lens dimensions before, during, and after @entity1714 onset compared with age-matched emmetropic values. METHODS: Subjects were 732 @entity1 aged 6 to 14 years who became myopic and 596 emmetropic @entity1 participating between 1989 and 2007 in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and @entity2516 Study. @entity2516 was measured using cycloplegic autorefraction, corneal power using a hand-held autokeratometer, crystalline lens parameters using video-based phakometry, and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) using A-scan ultrasonography. Corneal and crystalline lens parameters in @entity1 who became myopic were compared with age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched model estimates of emmetrope values annually from 5 years before through 5 years after the onset of @entity1714 . The comparison was made without and then with statistical adjustment of emmetrope component values to compensate for the effects of longer VCDs in @entity1 who became myopic. RESULTS: Before @entity1714 onset, the crystalline lens thinned, flattened, and lost power at similar rates for emmetropes and @entity1 who became myopic. The crystalline lens stopped thinning, flattening, and losing power within   1 year of onset in @entity1 who became myopic compared with emmetropes statistically adjusted to match the longer VCDs of @entity1 who became myopic. In contrast, the @entity267 was only slightly steeper in @entity1 who became myopic compared with emmetropes (<0.25 D) and underwent little change across visits. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1714 onset is characterized by an abrupt loss of compensatory changes in the crystalline lens that continue in emmetropes throughout childhood axial elongation. The mechanism responsible for this decoupling remains speculative but might include restricted equatorial growth from internal mechanical factors.

title: Corneal and crystalline lens dimensions before and after XXXX onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive error', 'Refractive Error']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Leprosy has rarely been the subject of health psychology research despite its substantial impact. Our aim was to explore illness perceptions in @entity1 and their health care providers in Surinam. The Common Sense Model (CSM) was the guiding theoretical model. DESIGN: @entity1 with biomedically cured @entity1201 and their health care providers completed the B-IPQ and took part in semi-structured interviews. The literature on illness perceptions in @entity1 with @entity1201 was reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' B-IPQ scores were compared with samples of @entity1 with other (chronic) illnesses, and with health care providers completing the questionnaire as if they were visibly disfigured @entity1 . Quotations from the semi-structured interviews were used to contextualise the illness perceptions. RESULTS: @entity1 ' B-IPQ scores reflected the chronic nature of @entity1201 and were comparable with those with other @entity102 . Health care providers perceived @entity1201 to have a greater negative impact than did the @entity1 . Perceived understanding of causes differed considerably between @entity1 and health care providers. CONCLUSION: Leprosy continues to be experienced as an illness with major psychological and social consequences such as stigmatisation, even after biomedical cure. Interventions that target @entity1 , health care providers, and society at large may help reduce perceived shame and stigma. The CSM is a helpful theoretical model in studying this population.

title: Illness perceptions of XXXX -cured individuals in Surinam with residual disfigurements - "I am cured, but still I am ill".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: This article presents a case of a @entity1 with @entity432 following anterior and posterior instrumented fusion of the lumbar spine. No previous study has reported @entity4762 due to @entity432 and @entity1700 following spine surgery. A 53-year old female, with a twice failed fusion of L5-S1, underwent L3-S1 anterior interbody and posterior L3-S1 instrumented fusion. Due to postoperative continuous analgesia, the @entity1 was sleepy and confused on postoperative day 1. On the postoperative day 2, the right @entity291 and anterolateral tibia manifested clinical signs of @entity2054 and both thighs exhibited pressure ecchymoses from the antiembolism stockings. Fasciotomies of the right tibial compartments were undertaken and necrosis of the anterior compartment muscles was found. Intraoperative arteriogram revealed occlusion of the right popliteal artery and thrombectomy was performed. @entity4555 was found to be responsible for @entity1 's @entity1003 . During postoperative year 1, the @entity1 still had @entity425 and recurrent @entity4 of the right foot. Unrecognized limb @entity63 and possibly @entity1700 were the causes of the @entity2054 . Surgeons should be aware of this devastating complication of spine surgery.

title: Acute XXXX following spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['restricted venous return']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity4762 :: ('MESH:D000868', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior tibial compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['tibial compartment syndrome']


abstract: @entity172 receptors (ER) were determined by both the biochemical dextran-coated charcoal (DCC-ER) and the immunohistochemical Avidin @entity1885 -peroxidase complex (IHC-ER) methods in proliferative mammary lesions collected from 37 @entity468 : 20 @entity5 without @entity3 at first presentation, seven @entity5 with lung and/or lymph node @entity3 and 10 @entity5 and @entity1141 . Total number of samples analyzed by both methods was 44. The DCC-ER method was applied to frozen tissue samples and the IHC-ER method was applied to neutral buffered @entity406 -fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue samples by using the NCL-6F11 monoclonal antibody. Biochemically, 21 (47.7%) cases had equal or more than 5 fmol/mg of protein (standard positivity threshold). Immunohistochemically, 11 (25%) cases were scored positive, the percentage of positive nuclei being statistically linked to the intensity of immunostaining. Normal mammary gland tissue (13 cases) and/or @entity6349 areas (5 cases) found in the surroundings of the main lesion were IHC-ER positive in 76.9% and 40% of the cases, respectively. Concordance between DCC-ER and IHC-DCC was 72.7% and the results of the DCC and the IHC-ER methods were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) by the chi2 test. Specificity (true negatives) and sensitivity (true positives) of the ICH-ER method were 95.6% and 47.6%, respectively. One out of eleven DCC-ER positive and IHC-ER negative discordant cases (9.09%) was a DCC-ER false positive, because the surrounding normal mammary gland tissue was IHC-ER positive. The remaining 10 cases had ER content values equal or lower than 23 fmol/mg of protein, a figure that could represent the sensitivity threshold of the immunohistochemical method employed.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of XXXX receptors in feline mammary gland benign and malignant lesions: comparison with biochemical assay.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']