abstract: UNASSIGNED: 144 Background: Isolation, enumeration, and genomic profiling of CRPC CTCs offers the potential to discover genetic changes that occur in @entity1442 . The Vitatex VitaCap platform captures CTCs based on their ability to invade collagenous matrices (CAM), allows for CTC and @entity26903 capture independent of @entity5960 status, and yields viable cells suitable for comprehensive genomic analysis. In this study we sought to compare CTC yields between the VitaCap and the Veridex CellSearch platforms, to determine the utility of @entity27425 ( @entity27425 ) as a mCRPC CTC biomarker, to identify CTSCs and CTC clusters, and to explore the feasibility of CTC epigenomic analysis. METHODS: CTCs were isolated and enumerated simultaneously using the CellSearch and VitaCap platforms in 23 @entity1 . CAM isolated CTCs and CTSCs were defined as @entity5960 + @entity27425 + and @entity1759 + @entity63000 + respectively, and were enumerated immunocytochemically (ICC) and by flow cytometry. CTC clusters were enumerated by ICC. The Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip was used to determine whole genome methylation status for CAM isolated cells. RESULTS: 35 samples were collected for CAM analysis. A median of 27 (range 0-800) and 23 (range 2-390) CAM+ CTCs/ml were detected by ICC and flow respectively. In a subset of 20 samples, a median of 7 CTCs/ml (range 0-85) were detected by the CellSearch platform. CTCs were detectable by either CAM or CellSearch in >95% of samples. CAM isolated CTC clusters were observed in 23% of samples with a median 7 clusters/ml (range 1-200). CTSCs were detected in 70% and 97% of samples by ICC and flow respectively, with a median of 9 CTSCs/ml (range 1-264) by flow. The CTC methylation profile highly resembled mCRPC with hypermethylation occurring more frequently in pathways associated with apoptosis (p<0.006), angiogenesis (p<0.007), and VEGF signaling (p<0.003). CONCLUSIONS: CAM and CellSearch platforms yield comparable CTC counts. CTSCs and CTC clusters are detectable using the CAM platform, and the CTC methylome closely resembles that of mCRPC. Correlation with clinical data may yield further insight into the functional significance of these findings.

title: Detection and genomic interrogation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs) from XXXX with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

entities_list: @entity27425 :: ('2346', 'Gene') :: ['PSMA', 'prostate-specific membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical presentation, radiological appearance and treatment options of @entity1 with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) vary. To provide a baseline for treatment of this @entity5 entity a series of 24 @entity1 with @entity1781 is presented. METHOD: Clinical charts of the @entity1 including surgical and histological records, imaging studies as well as meticulously focusing questionnaires of clinical outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty four @entity1 with @entity1781 were treated at the Neurosurgical Department from 1981 to 2002. Mean age at diagnosis was 44 years (14-69) with a female:male ratio of 7:1. The preoperative duration of symptoms was negatively correlated with the preoperative visual acuity. The microsurgical approach consisted of pterional craniotomy, intra-/extradural subtotal excision of the @entity1653 and bony decompression of the optic canal. Surgical results showed low surgical morbidity and preserved or even improved vision in 8/16 @entity1 (50%) all of whom had rapid visual decline preoperatively. In the long-term, @entity227 occur again occurred due to recurrence in about 20% of cases. CONCLUSION: Microneurosurgery for treatment of ONSMs is still reserved for cases with intracranial extension, disfiguring @entity5768 and @entity1 with rapid @entity227 . Radiotherapy should be considered as treatment option in all other cases as it prolongs the time for functional vision in the affected eye with low morbidity.

title: The role of surgery in XXXX involving the optic nerve sheath.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ONSM', 'optic nerve sheath meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: @entity13296 or @entity2583 is an increasingly frequent life-threatening @entity281 caused by opportunistic fungal organisms of the class Zygomycetes. The pathognomonic feature is the presence of invasive aseptate mycelia that are larger than other filamentous fungi with the hyphae exhibiting right angle and haphazard branching. Usually classified as rhinocerebral, disseminated, and cutaneous types, this classification serves as important predictor of pathogenesis and outcome. These occur mostly in immunosuppressed @entity1 including individuals with @entity6 (43% exhibit the rhino-cerebral form) and @entity1 with organ transplants and @entity1583 . Without @entity146 follows a @entity3329 . The prognosis has not shown any appreciable change in the past 40 years with a stagnant mortality rate of 44%. We present 2 cases of @entity13296 ( @entity13296 ), in a 58-year-old male and a 63-year-old female; both were poorly controlled @entity6 @entity1 with maxillary lesions suggestive of @entity4034 . The @entity1 were leading a near normal life with minimal discomfort or signs and symptoms of underlying @entity3217 . Most of the health care professionals treating these @entity1 often overlooked the disease or recommended inadequate therapy. Despite long delays and inadequate initial therapy these @entity1 survived with little outward morbidity. The prognosis for this condition may therefore be considered less dire than previously thought.

title: XXXX : an increasingly frequent challenge: update and favorable outcomes in two cases.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['dismal and fatal course']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['early aggressive treatment, the disease']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['rhinocerebral zygomycosis', 'RCZ', 'Zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity13296 :: (MESH:D020096,Disease) :: ['Rhinocerebral zygomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in @entity28 @entity1 , in relation to @entity5550 . DESIGN: Longitudinal, clinical intervention study consisting of structured sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy, preceded by sessions chaired by a psychologist in subjects with binge eating. SUBJECTS: Two groups of @entity28 @entity1 (92 treated by cognitive-behavioural therapy (77 females); 76 untreated controls (67 female), selected from the waiting list (control group)). Of 92 treated @entity1 , 46 had a @entity5550 at psychometric testing and structured clinical interview. MEASUREMENTS: Health-related quality of life by means of Short-Form 36 questionnaire at baseline and after 3-5 months. RESULTS: Cognitive-behavioural treatment produced an average @entity353 of 9.4+/-7.5 kg, corresponding to a BMI reduction of 3.48+/-2.70 kg/m(2). No changes were observed in the control group. All scales of HRQL improved in treated subjects (by 5-19%). In @entity28 subjects with binge eating @entity353 was lower in comparison to non-bingers (7.7+/-8.1 vs 11.1+/-6.6; P=0.034). However, the improvement in HRQL was on average larger, and significantly so for Role Limitation-Physical (P=0.006), Role Limitation-Emotional (P=0.002), Vitality (P=0.003), Mental Health (P=0.032) and Social Functioning (P=0.034). Bodily @entity158 was the sole scale whose changes paralleled changes in body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy, mainly in subjects with binge eating, largely outweigh the effects on body weight, resulting in a significant change in self-perceived health status.

title: Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on health-related quality of life in @entity28 subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge eating disorder']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors previously showed that @entity602 ( @entity602 ) increases cerebral blood flow in @entity35 , indicating that this technique may be useful in the treatment of focal @entity2806 . In the present study, the neuroprotective potential of @entity602 in the setting of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was investigated. METHODS: The authors induced permanent, focal @entity2806 by using either suture-induced @entity432 or direct division of the MCA in @entity35 . Electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord was performed during @entity2806 . Cerebral blood flow was assessed using both laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and quantitative radiotracer analysis. @entity64 volumes were analyzed after 6 hours of @entity63 . Spinal cord stimulation resulted in a 52.7 +/- 13.3% increase in LDF values (nine animals). Following @entity2500 , LDF values decreased by 64.1 +/- 3.6% from baseline values (10 animals). Spinal cord stimulation subsequently increased LDF values to 30.9 +/- 13.5% below original baseline values. These findings were corroborated using radiotracer studies. Spinal cord stimulation in the setting of transcranial @entity2500 significantly reduced @entity64 volumes as well (from 203 +/- 33 mm3 [control] to 32 +/- 8 mm3 [ @entity2500 plus @entity602 ], seven animals in each group, p < 0.001). Similarly, after suture-induced @entity2500 , @entity602 reduced @entity64 volumes (from 307 +/- 29 mm3 [control] to 78 +/- 22 mm3 [ @entity2500 plus @entity602 ], 10 animals in each group, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of performing @entity602 for the prevention of critical @entity63 is feasible and may have the potential for the treatment and prevention of @entity64 .

title: Spinal cord stimulation reducing infarct volume in a model of focal XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The possibility that deep brain stimulation (DBS) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) alters @entity1 ' decisions and actions, even temporarily, raises important clinical, ethical and legal questions. Abnormal moral decision-making can lead to ethical rules violations. Previous experiments demonstrated the subthalamic ( @entity9221 ) activation during moral decision-making. Here we aim to study whether @entity9221 DBS can affect moral decision-making in @entity191 @entity1 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity191 and bilateral @entity9221 DBS implant performed a computerized moral task in ON and OFF stimulation conditions. A control group of @entity191 @entity1 without DBS implant performed the same experimental protocol. All @entity1 underwent motor, cognitive and psychological assessments. RESULTS: @entity9221 stimulation was not able to modify neither reaction times nor responses to moral task both when we compared the ON and the OFF state in the same @entity1 (reaction times, p  =  .416) and when we compared DBS @entity1 with those treated only with the best medical treatment (reaction times: p  =  .408, responses: p  =  .776). CONCLUSIONS: Moral judgment is the result of a complex process, requiring cognitive executive functions, problem-solving, anticipations of consequences of an action, conflict processing, emotional evaluation of context and of possible outcomes, and involving different brain areas and neural circuits. Our data show that @entity9221 DBS leaves unaffected moral decisions thus implying relevant clinical and ethical implications for DBS consequences on @entity1 ' behavior, on decision-making and on judgment ability. In conclusion, the technique can be considered safe on moral behavior.

title: Ethical safety of deep brain stimulation: A study on moral decision-making in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Upper @entity360 from @entity548 peptic ulcer is sometimes difficult to treat by conventional endoscopic methods. Recently, monopolar electrocoagulation using a soft-coagulation system and hemostatic forceps (soft coagulation) has been used to prevent @entity548 during endoscopic submucosal dissection. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of soft coagulation in the treatment of @entity548 peptic ulcer. METHODOLOGY: A total of 39 @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 were treated using soft coagulation at our hospital between January 2005 and March 2010. Emergency treatment employed an ERBE soft-mode coagulation system using hemostatic forceps. Second-look endoscopy was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prior therapy. Initial hemostasis was defined as accomplished by soft coagulation, with or without other endoscopic therapy prior to soft coagulation. The rate of initial hemostasis, rebleeding, and ultimate hemostasis were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The study subjects were 31 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 with a mean age of 68.3  13.7 years, with 29 @entity2275 and 10 duodenal @entity1066 . Initial hemostasis was achieved in 37 @entity1 (95%). During follow-up, @entity548 recurred in two @entity1 , who were retreated with soft coagulation. CONCLUSIONS: The monopolar soft coagulation is feasible and safe for treating @entity548 peptic @entity1066 .

title: Monopolar soft-mode coagulation using hemostatic forceps for peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between diet and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) may be mediated partly through inflammatory processes and reflected by markers of subclinical @entity731 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether empirically derived dietary patterns are associated with coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) and common and internal carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and whether prior information about inflammatory processes would increase the strength of the associations. DESIGN: At baseline, dietary patterns were derived with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire, and inflammatory biomarkers, CAC, and @entity121 were measured in 5089 @entity1 aged 45-84 y, who had no clinical @entity65 or @entity6 , in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 . Dietary patterns based on variations in @entity1851 , @entity650 , @entity1255 , and fibrinogen concentrations were created with reduced rank regression (RRR). Dietary patterns based on variations in food group intake were created with principal components analysis (PCA). RESULTS: The primary RRR ( @entity4791 ) and PCA (PCA factor 1) dietary patterns were high in total and saturated fat and low in fiber and micronutrients. However, the food sources of these nutrients differed between the dietary patterns. @entity4791 was positively associated with CAC [Agatston score >0: OR (95% CI) for quartile 5 compared with quartile 1 = 1.34 (1.05, 1.71); ln(Agatston score = 1): P for trend = 0.023] and with common carotid @entity121 [>or=1.0 mm: OR (95% CI) for quartile 5 compared with quartile 1 = 1.33 (0.99, 1.79); ln(common carotid @entity121 ): P for trend = 0.006]. @entity19305 was not associated with CAC or @entity121 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that subtle differences in dietary pattern composition, realized by incorporating measures of inflammatory processes, affect associations with markers of subclinical @entity731 .

title: Associations between markers of subclinical @entity731 and dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis and reduced rank regression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of endotoxin absorption therapy after a subtotal resection of the small intestine and a right hemicolectomy for severe superior @entity5327 . METHODOLOGY: From April 1980 through August 1999, 82 @entity1 with severe superior @entity5327 were operated on an emergency basis, and they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 51), did not undergo postoperative endotoxin absorption therapy, while group 2 (n = 31), underwent this therapy. The two groups were compared based on the outcome variables. RESULTS: When the number of risk factors was 1 or 2, the mortality rate in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 1 (p < 0.05). For postoperative lung or @entity1578 , the mortality rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. For an intraabdominal abscess, the mortality rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Twenty-two of the thirty-one @entity1 in group 2 survived. In the surviving cases, this therapy significantly decreased the intravenous concentration of endotoxin (p = 0.04). As for the fatalities (n = 9), no significant change in the concentration of endotoxin before or after endotoxin absorption was recognized. By the first postoperative month, the survival rate was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (58.8% vs. 71.0%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we may now safely say that both stoma and a resection are recommended while endotoxin absorption using blood filtration may also be an effective additional therapy for post-operative @entity326 .

title: Results of endotoxin absorption after a subtotal resection of the small intestine and a right hemicolectomy for severe superior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the functional role and mechanism of @entity10015 in the development of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity10015 expression was quantified in @entity703 , matched adjacent non  -tumor tissues and renal cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migratory activity were measured following suppression of @entity10015 expression by antisense oligonucleotides. @entity10015 targets were scanned using target prediction programs. Following the inhibition of @entity10015 , target gene expression was detected by western blotting. The expression of @entity10015 was upregulated in clear cell @entity1358 (ccRCC) tissue and @entity703 cell lines. The suppression of @entity10015 inhibited cell proliferation and migratory activity and induced apoptosis in @entity703 cells. The suppressor gene @entity19933 ( @entity4635 ) and @entity7101 were predicted as potential target genes by bioinformatics analysis. The suppression of @entity10015 inhibited @entity7101 protein expression. @entity10015 may function as an oncogene by targeting @entity7101 . Thus, the inhibition of @entity10015 may be an effective way to treat @entity1358 .

title: microRNA-155 silencing inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis by upregulating @entity7101 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity19933 :: ('1154', 'Gene') :: ['suppressor of cytokine signaling']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal cancers']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity2299 in control of blood pressure in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . To test the hypothesis that, blood pressure and lipid levels are not sufficiently controlled in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 , in the western region of the Republic of Macedonia. BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of lipid and lipoprotein levels in the serum ( @entity2299 ) are recognized as major modifiable @entity65 risk factors and have been identified as independent risk factors for essential @entity101 , giving rise to the term dyslipidemic @entity101 . While @entity1 -related data from primary care that demonstrate an under-treatment of blood pressure and @entity2299 in type 2 Diabetics are vastly available in clinical practice, results from population-based studies are scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on outpatients in Primary Health Care Clinics in 8 cities on the western region of the Republic of Macedonia. Prospectively the tests were performed on 600 (45.6% @entity1 and 54.4% @entity1 ) @entity1 with a mean age of 62    5.8. Study @entity1 were selected among primary care @entity1 , who were actively on therapy for @entity6 and @entity101 during the period of March 2013 - March 2014. @entity1 ' demographic characteristics, clinical laboratory and drug usage data were obtained. The @entity1 were classified according to the BP control, into 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 600 @entity1 , of which 45.6% female and 54.3% male, completed the survey and had data for a 1-year medical record review. It was observed that a high percentage, 65.3% of @entity1 , did not have controlled blood pressure despite the ongoing medical treatment, according to evidence and current guidelines in a cohort of hypertensive @entity6 . (Chi-square: 19.85, p<0.001). Among @entity1 with controled BP, @entity1887 was recorded in 23% of them, whereas among @entity1 with uncontrolled BP, @entity1887 was recorded in 67% of the @entity1 . (Chi-square: 15.01, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: A significant influence of @entity2299 on the control of blood pressure in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 , was observed in our study. In a small country as Republic of Macedonia (with a population of around 2.000.000, especially the western region with approximately 1/2 of the overall population), this study highlights the considerable lack of awareness and insufficient management of the most important preventable and treatable cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity101 and @entity2299 ). These findings provide a possible explanation of the steadily high cardiovascular mortality rate despite the clinical and therapeutic progress and accessibility. Besides current hospital-based prevention and pharmaceutical control measures, mass education campaigns, lifestyle interventions etc., emphasis should be given to the role of family doctor as a primary-care health provider.

title: Influence of XXXX in control of arterial @entity101 among type-2 @entity6 in the western region of the Republic of Macedonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['untreated or insufficiently treated dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Comprehensive biological characteristics of @entity420 with signet ring cell features (SRC) are not well known. Herein, we systematically evaluated clinical and molecular features of SRC cases with particular attention to smoking status. Surgically treated @entity2220 (n=763) with follow-up >= 5 years in 3 cohorts were reviewed: all @entity1 in 2006 to 2007 ("all-comers," n=222; 168 ever-smokers), a never-smoker cohort (n=266), and a cohort of ever-smokers (n=275). @entity2580 had >= 10% of SRCs agreed by 2 pathologists. SRC cases were tested for rearrangement of @entity7041 and @entity31082 , as well as 187 known mutations in 10 oncogenes including @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity1722 , @entity4016 , @entity584 , @entity23698 , KIT, MET, and @entity10160 . Overall, 53 of 763 cases (7%) were SRC. In the 2006 to 2007 "all comer" cohort, 9% were SRC. In the never-smoker cohort, 9% were SRC. In the smoker cohort, 3% were SRC. Univariable analysis showed that SRC never-smokers had shorter overall and disease-free survival (P=0.006 and 0.0004, respectively), but the significance faded in the multivariable analysis. For the other 2 cohorts, crude 5-year survival was decreased by 6% to 27% in SRC cases without reaching statistical significance. In @entity2580 , @entity984 mutation was most common (29%), followed by @entity7041 (26%), @entity470 (18%), @entity31082 (6%), @entity817 (6%), and @entity10160 (3%). In summary, @entity2580 in never-smokers had a worse survival by univariable analysis only. SRC cases seemed enriched for @entity7041 and @entity31082 , and other mutations were generally in keeping with the @entity1 's smoking status.

title: @entity420 With Signet Ring Cell Features: A Comprehensive Study From 3 Distinct XXXX Cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['SRC tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Co-administration of an inhaled @entity228 and long acting beta agonist for @entity1030 has reduced mortality compared to either drug alone. This combination reduces exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency department visits and health care costs. A novel fixed-dose combination of the long acting beta-2 agonist @entity10453 (SX) and the corticosteroid @entity10438 (MF) were prepared in a composite particle formulation as brittle matrix powder (BMP) and investigated for suitability as an inhaled combination product. In this study, BMP fixed dose combinations of SX and MF with or without stabilizing excipients ( @entity1132 , @entity2656 , @entity8959 and @entity7970 ) were prepared and characterized with respect to their thermal properties, morphology, aerodynamic performance and physical stability. BMP combination formulations of SX and MF exhibited improved aerodynamic properties when delivered by dry powder inhalation as compared to the micronized blends of the same substances. Aerodynamic evaluation was carried out by next generation pharmaceutical impactor (NGI) with a marketed DPI device. Results demonstrated that co-deposition occurred when SX and MF were formulated together as composite particles in a BMP, while physical blends resulted in inconsistent deposition and dose uniformity. As a result of the bottom-up particle engineering approach, combination BMP formulations allow for dual API composite formulations to be dispersed as aerosolized particles. Aerosolized BMP combination formulations resulted in delivered dose uniformity and co-deposition of each API. Further, an excipient-free formulation, BMP SXMF, delivered approximately 50% of the loaded dose in the respirable range and demonstrated stability at ambient conditions for 6months. Single dose 24-h pharmacokinetic studies in @entity35 demonstrated that lung tissue deposition and blood circulation (AUC0-24h) of two APIs were higher for the BMP combination group exhibiting a significantly higher lung concentration of drugs than for the crystalline physical blend. While high system drug levels are generally undesirable in lung targeted therapies, high blood levels in this rodent study could be indicative of increased pulmonary tissue exposure using BMP formulations.

title: Formulation of a novel fixed dose combination of @entity10453 and XXXX for inhaled drug delivery.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol xinafoate']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity10438 :: (MESH:C053915,Chemical) :: ['mometasone furoate']


abstract: AIM: Application of microcurrents of bioresonance may allow protein aggregates lysis and a related enhancement of lymphatic drainage. Combining bioresonance with transcutaneous passage of active principles, by means of skin electroporation, microcirculation and clearance of connective tissues may be theoretically activated. A pilot study on an electro-medical device which includes these two technologies (Transponder  ), has been performed on @entity1 affected by @entity4269 ( @entity4269 ) and/or @entity5227 ( @entity5227 ) of the lower limbs. METHODS: Eight @entity1 affected by primary or secondary unilateral @entity4269 or @entity5227 were submitted to six consecutive daily sessions with the medical device; the first two sessions were performed by a trained physiotherapist, whilst the following four sessions were self-administered by the @entity1 themselves at home (who were educated about the technique). @entity11600 was delivered transcutaneously by means of the device at each session. Pre-post-treatment assessment included: 1) limb volumetry by means of tape measurement; 2) segmental multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy for fluid changes, with L-DEX measurement; 3) visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-10 score) questionnaire for related symptoms. RESULTS: All the @entity1 completed the scheduled treatment. After the treatment the mean volume of the whole limb decreased from 9462.85 (  3407.02) to 9297.37 cc (  3393.20), which accounts for a 165.48 cc (2%) reduction after six days of treatment. The pre/post-treatment VAS mean score changes were: heaviness from 4.57  3.46 to 2.43  2.57 (-47%), dysesthesias from 1.71  2.63 to 0.71  1.50 (-58%), @entity158 from 1.57  2.57 to 0.57  0.79 (-64%). Diuresis VAS measurement passed from 7.43  1.81 to 8.57  0.98 (15% increase). The average L-DEX percentage reduction was 21%. No side effects were reported and a good @entity1 ' compliance was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data of this pilot study show that the combination of microcurrents of bioresonance with transdermal delivery of active principles indicate that it could result in @entity4 decrease and symptom improvement in @entity1 affected by @entity4269 and/or @entity5227 of the lower limbs. Self-administered modality of the electrical device is possible and effective; no side effects have been reported.

title: Application of microcurrents of bioresonance and transdermal delivery of active principles in @entity4269 and XXXX of the lower limbs: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['LYM', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity11600 :: ('MESH:C005013', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium silicate']

answer: @entity5227 :: (MESH:D065134,Disease) :: ['lipedema']


abstract: Eleven @entity177 @entity1 and 11 matched controls, received @entity2124 @entity7704 (1 microgram/kg iv) or @entity1218 (400 microgram iv) on separate occasions, immediately before undergoing hemodialysis. @entity7704 -induced GH peak in uremics (22.7 +/- 5.2 micrograms/l) was not different from that obtained in control subjects (16.0 +/- 4.3 micrograms/l). However, the @entity1381 @entity1 did not show the habitual post-peak fall, remaining GH levels over 10 micrograms/l till the end of the test. Differences between the two groups were significant (p less than 0.05). @entity1381 @entity1 showed PRL values higher than in controls, however their @entity1218 -induced PRL peak (20.6 +/- 6.6 micrograms/l) was not different from that of controls (26.5 +/- 3.0 micrograms/l). Again @entity177 @entity1 showed PRL plasma values abnormally elevated till the end of the test. Differences between the two groups were significant (p less than 0.05). Administration of placebo to a different group of seven @entity1381 @entity1 did not alter GH and PRL plasma levels. This sustained secretion of both GH and PRL in @entity5507 could be attributed to reduced kidney clearance. However, when subjects were examined individually both the @entity7704 - and the @entity1218 -induced hormonal peaks and the subsequent fall were not different in both groups. Unlike with controls, in @entity1381 @entity1 @entity7704 -stimulated GH and @entity1218 -stimulated PRL/GH peaks were dispersed throughout the 120 min period. In controls GH and PRL peaks clustered around 15-30 min. The peak dispersion created a false @entity2420 or sustained hypersecretion in @entity5507 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Altered @entity2124 response after @entity7704 administration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic', 'Uremic']

entities_list: @entity2420 :: ('MESH:D010985', 'Disease') :: ['impression of flattened curves']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: The applicability of micro-ELISA was evaluatd in @entity1 neuro- @entity3993 using paired samples of serum and @entity2841 . A total of 355 cases who were mostly neurologic @entity1 was subjected. Cystic fluid of @entity8785 was used as antigen in protein concentration of 2.5 micro-g/ml. Serum was diluted to 1:100 and @entity2841 was undiluted in the assay for the specific IgG antibody level. The differential criterion of the positive reaction was the abs. of 0.18 in both samples. The results were summarized as follows: The overall sensitivity of the micro-ELISA in 71 confirmed @entity6583 was 90.1%; the sensitivity by serum was 77.5% and that by @entity2841 was 83.1%. @entity2841 was a more sensitive and valuable material. Most of the false negative cases of neuro- @entity3993 showed far lower level of abs. rather than marginal. The overall specificity of the micro-ELISA in 52 confirmed other @entity16 was 88.5%; the specificities by serum and by @entity2841 were 94.2% respectively. Cases of other @entity16 did not show false positive reactions in both samples. When serum was assayed, @entity14776 (2/18), @entity5472 (2/20), @entity9643 (1/56), @entity14007 (1/15) and @entity7736 (1/1) cases showed cross reactions. When @entity2841 was assayed, 2 of 10 neuro- @entity5472 showed cross reactions while none of 9 neuro- @entity9643 showed it. Out of 71 confirmed neuro- @entity3993 cases, 6 and 11 showed cross reactions by serum and @entity2841 to crude extract antigen of sparganum; but no case did show it to crude extract antigen of @entity9642 . Ventricular @entity2841 showed low or negative levels of IgG antibody than lumbar @entity2841 unless the lesion was at the lateral ventricle itself. Out of 4 racemose @entity3993 cases, 3 showed positive reaction in serum while all of 3 examined @entity2841 were positive. The above results indicated that the serological test for detecting the specific IgG antibody by micro-ELISA using paired samples of serum and @entity2841 was very helpful for clinical differentiation of neuro- @entity3993 from @entity16 of other causes.

title: Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serological diagnosis of XXXX @entity6583 using paired samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity5472 :: ('MESH:D013031', 'Disease') :: ['sparganosis']

entities_list: @entity7736 :: ('MESH:D005211', 'Disease') :: ['fascioliasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Aggregating platelets release @entity750 , which induces contraction of most vascular smooth muscle by activation of S2-serotoninergic receptors. @entity750 released in the circulation may contribute to the increase in peripheral resistance of @entity101 as the responsiveness of blood vessels from @entity101 animals and @entity1 to the vasoconstrictor action of the @entity1154 is augmented. The data obtained with the new antihypertensive agent @entity6009 may favor that interpretation. @entity6009 is a selective S2-serotoninergic antagonist with additional alpha 1-adrenergic blocking properties. In @entity1 , it has a terminal half-life of 12 to 25 hours and is eliminated predominantly by the liver. The hemodynamic profile of @entity6009 is that of a vasodilator drug with actions on both resistance and capacitance vessels. On short-term intravenous administration, it lowers blood pressure in @entity101 @entity1 with minimal reflex changes in cardiovascular function. When given orally long term to @entity101 @entity1 , @entity6009 causes a sustained @entity551 , comparable to that obtained with either beta-adrenergic blockers or diuretics. Several studies have shown a greater efficacy in older (greater than 60 years of age) than in younger @entity1 independent of starting pressure. Side effects mainly consist of @entity1296 , @entity2147 , and @entity2133 , but they are usually not severe. The mechanism underlying the antihypertensive effect of @entity6009 is unclear. It cannot be attributed to either S2-serotoninergic or alpha 1-adrenergic blockade alone, but an interaction between the two effects appears to be required.

title: Serotoninergic mechanisms in @entity101 . Focus on the effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity6009 :: (MESH:D007650,Chemical) :: ['ketanserin']


abstract: Asian H5N1 (hereafter referred to as panzootic H5N1) highly pathogenic @entity1323 has caused large numbers of @entity204 in both poultry and wild-bird populations. Recent isolates of this virus have been reported to cause disease and @entity204 in commercial @entity4186 , which has not been seen with other HPAI viruses. However, little is known about either the dissemination of this H5N1 within the organs or the cause of @entity204 in infected @entity4186 . Nineteen 4-week-old @entity4186 were infected with 10(6.7) median egg infectious doses of HPAI A/ @entity233 / @entity233 /1/05 (H5N1, clade 2.2) in 0.1ml via the intranasal and intraocular routes. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken daily before three animals were selected randomly and killed humanely for postmortem examination, when samples of tissues were taken for real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Clinical signs were first observed 4 days post infection (d.p.i.) and included @entity308 , reluctance to feed, in-coordination and torticollis resulting in the @entity204 of all the birds remaining on 5d.p.i. Higher levels of virus shedding were detected from oropharyngeal swabs than from cloacal swabs. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry identified peak levels of virus at 2d.p.i. in several organs. In the spleen, lung, kidney, caecal tonsils, breast muscle and thigh muscle the levels were greatly reduced at 3d.p.i. However, the highest viral loads were detected in the heart and brain from 3d.p.i. and coincided with the appearance of clinical signs and @entity204 . Our experimental results demonstrate the systemic spread of this HPAI H5N1 virus in @entity4186 , and the localization of virus in the brain and heart tissue preceding @entity204 .

title: Pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/ XXXX / @entity233 /1/2005 H5N1 in @entity4186 ( @entity4186 ) infected experimentally.

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['ducks', 'Pekin ducks']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza (HPAI) virus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of participation of @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in phase II @entity299 with exercise training (ie, exercise @entity299 , ECR) in Japan. Forty-six hospitals treating @entity1 with @entity583 were surveyed for their implementation of phase II ECR after @entity583 in 1996-98. Of the 46 hospitals, 19 were approved and 27 were not approved for health insurance payment for ECR. A total of 13685 @entity1 with @entity583 were admitted to the 46 hospitals. There were no differences between approved and non-approved hospitals in the annual number of @entity1 with @entity583 (Approved, 117+61 vs Non-approved, 86+71 @entity1 per hospital, NS), the rate of performance of emergency coronary angioplasty (63+16 vs 65+20%, NS), or the rate of emergency coronary stenting (31+16 vs 34+22%, NS). However, ECR was performed routinely in 84.2% (16/19 hospitals) of the approved hospitals, but in only 22.2% (6/27 hospitals) of the non-approved hospitals (p<0.001). Although the participation rate of @entity583 @entity1 in ECR was 21.0% (2875/13685 @entity1 ) overall, it was markedly lower in the non-approved hospitals (8.0%, 557/6999 @entity1 ) than in the approved hospitals (34.7%, 2318/6686 @entity1 , p<0.0001). Based on the present result, the overall rate of participation of @entity583 @entity1 in ECR in Japan was estimated at 4.8-11.7%. Despite similar @entity1 volumes and acute phase interventional treatment of @entity583 between the hospitals approved and not approved for health insurance payment for ECR, ECR was markedly underused in the non-approved hospitals in Japan. To promote ECR for all @entity583 @entity1 in Japan, the number of hospitals approved for ECR should be substantially increased.

title: Use of exercise @entity299 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rehabilitation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: We have prospectively studied the wear of enhanced ultra-high molecular-weight @entity691 (Hylamer) in combination with a zirconia femoral head of 22.225 mm diameter on a cemented, triple-tapered, collarless, polished stem, the C Stem. The 71 @entity1 who underwent total hip arthroplasty had a mean follow-up of six years (3 to 8). No @entity1 died or was lost to follow-up. The clinical results were excellent with 96% of @entity1 satisfied. There were no revisions. Two cups were considered to be loose radiologically. One was avulsed from the cement in a skiing accident, with a periprosthetic fracture of the femur, but has remained stable for more than seven years. One femur shows radiological appearances which are compatible with a @entity281 . One femoral component is at risk of loosening. The mean rate of penetration of the cup was 0.22 mm/year (0.06 to 0.55). Our results appear to be within the guidelines set by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence. We have discontinued the use of Hylamer despite excellent clinical results and no revisions to date because the high initial rates of penetration did not settle to the expected low levels within the anticipated time.

title: Wear of enhanced ultra-high molecular-weight XXXX (Hylamer) in combination with a 22.225 mm diameter zirconia femoral head.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['healing infection']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: Emerging @entity65411 are reviewed and appropriate strategies for efficient monitoring and surveillance in Nigeria are outlined. Animal and @entity1 parasitic @entity281 are distinguished. @entity7823 have been described as those diseases that are being recognised for the first time or diseases that are already recorded but their frequency and/or geographic range is being increased tremendously. Emergence of new diseases may be due to a number of factors such as the spread of a new infectious agent, recognition of an @entity281 that has been in existence but undiagnosed, or when it is realised that an established disease has an infectious origin. The terms could also be used to describe the resurgence of a known @entity281 after its incidence had been known to have declined. Emerging @entity281 are compounding the control of @entity166 and huge resources are being channeled to alleviate the rising challenge. The diseases are numerous and include helminth, protozoal / rickettsial and entomological. A list of @entity4801 in Nigeria is included. Globally occurring emerging @entity4801 are also outlined. @entity341 can be brought about by many factors including climate change and global warming, changes in biodiversity, population mobility, movement of animals, globalisation of commerce/trade and food supply, social and cultural factors such as food eating habits, religious beliefs, farming practices, trade of infected healthy animals, reduction in the available land for animals, immune-suppressed host and host density and misuse or over use of some drugs leading to drug resistance.

title: Emerging XXXX : A Global Overview and Appropriate Strategies for their Monitoring and Surveillance in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity65411 :: ('MESH:D010273', 'Disease') :: ['animal parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emerging and re-emerging infections']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['Emerging diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases', 'parasitic emerging diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity65411 :: (MESH:D010273,Disease) :: ['Animal Parasitic Diseases']


abstract: Nod factors are lipids with a chitinlike headgroup produced by gram-negative Rhizobium bacteria. These lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are essential signaling molecules for accomplishing symbiosis between the bacteria and roots of legume plants. Despite their important role in the Rhizobium-legume interaction, no fast and sensitive Nod factor quantification methods exist. Here, we report two different quantification methods. The first is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Nod factors to release @entity3954 ( @entity4826 ), which can subsequently be quantified. It is shown that the degrading enzyme, glusulase, releases exactly two @entity4826 units per pentameric nodulation factor from @entity49694 factor, allowing quantification of LCOs from @entity49694 . The second method is based on a specific type of Nod factors that are sulfated on the reducing @entity4826 , allowing quantification analogous to the quantification of @entity66473 . Here, a two-phase extraction method is used in the presence of @entity6693 , which specifically forms an ion pair with sulfated lipids. The blue ion pair partitions into the organic phase, after which the @entity845 blue signal can be quantified. To enable Nod factor quantification with this method, the organic phase was modified and the partitioning was evaluated using fluorescent and radiolabeled sulfated Nod factors. It is shown that sulfated LCOs can be quantified with this method, using @entity3208 for calibration. Both methods allow Nod factor quantification in parallel enabling a fast and easy detection of nanomole quantities of Nod factors. Accurate Nod factor quantification will be crucial for characterization and cross-comparison of the affinity for Nod factors of newly identified Nod factor binding proteins or putative Nod factor receptors.

title: Rapid colorimetric quantification of lipo-chitooligosaccharides from XXXX and Sinorhizobium meliloti.

entities_list: @entity66473 :: ('MESH:C015518', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfolipids']

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity49694 :: ('381', 'Species') :: ['Mesorhizobium loti']

answer: @entity49694 :: (381,Species) :: ['Mesorhizobium loti']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of overweight on mean, high normal and @entity101 in early adolescence, and how this relates to ethnicity and socio-economic status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. SETTING: A total of 51 secondary schools in London. SAMPLE: A total of 6407 subjects, 11-13 years of age, including 1204 White UK, 698 Other Whites, 911 Black Caribbeans, 1065 black Africans, 477 Indians and 611 Pakistanis/Bangladeshis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean, high normal (gender, age and height-percentile-specific 90-94th percentile) and high (>/=95th percentile) blood pressure. RESULTS: Based on the International Obesity Task Force age-specific thresholds, 19% of @entity1 and 23% of @entity1 were overweight, and 8% of each were @entity28 . Overweight and @entity28 were associated with large increases in the prevalence of high @entity101 compared with those not overweight. The increases in the prevalence of high systolic pressure associated with overweight were as follows: @entity1 , odds ratio 2.50 (95% confidence intervals 1.73-3.60) and @entity1 3.39 (2.36-4.85). Corresponding figures for @entity28 were: @entity1 4.31 (2.82-6.61) and @entity1 5.68 (3.61-8.95). Compared with their White British peers, @entity28 was associated with larger effects on blood pressure measures only among Indians, despite more overweight and @entity28 among black Caribbean @entity1 and overweight among Black African @entity1 . The effect of socio-economic status was inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency to @entity101 among adult Black African origin populations was not evident at these ages. These results suggest that the rise in @entity28 in adolescence portends a rise in early onset of @entity65 across ethnic groups, with Indians appearing to be more vulnerable.

title: Overweight, XXXX and @entity101 in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents in Britain: the Medical Research Council DASH study.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'normal and high blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Imaging @entity263 continues to represent a clinical challenge for both primary and recurrent disease. In the evaluation of the persistent/recurrent/metastatic @entity263 , knowledge of @entity5 location (local v distant), size, and extent are essential in order to design a treatment, tailored to each @entity1 's needs. There are evidence-based guidelines for the use of imaging in assessing the presence of distant spread of @entity263 . Radionuclide bone scans and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or positron emission tomography (PET) supplement clinical and biochemical evaluations ( @entity1486 [PSA]) for suspected @entity3 to bones and lymph nodes. There is no consensus about the use of imaging in the evaluation of local @entity5 recurrence. The use of ultrasound has been limited to biopsy guidance of the prostatic bed, or percutaneous biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes detected on CT or MRI. The use of MRI is evolving. Recent studies indicate that the use of MRI provides valuable information in the evaluation of local @entity5 recurrence, and nodal and bony @entity3 . In a @entity1 post-radiation therapy, the method of combining MRI anatomic information with MR spectroscopic metabolic information is evolving. Another modality offering information about anatomy and metabolism of the @entity66 is PET/CT. The value of PET/CT at present is controversial, but new studies exploring the role of PET/CT in @entity263 are promising.

title: Advances in imaging in the postoperative @entity1 with a rising XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African-Americans are more likely than Caucasians to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of @entity0 . This study explores if racial differences in stage at diagnosis can be explained by socioeconomic status (SES) differences. Previous studies investigating this association have used aggregate SES indicators from census tract of residence; we used census block-group data, representing a smaller, potentially more homogenous group. METHODS: We included all African-American and Caucasian invasive @entity5 of the colon and rectum, lung and bronchus, female breast, cervix uteri, and prostate that were diagnosed between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1992 in the Detroit area. Stage of disease at diagnosis was grouped as local or non-local. An SES value was calculated for each case using aggregate 1990 US Census data for education, poverty status, and occupation specific to each case's census block-group. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the probability of non-local stage using SES, race, age group, and sex as covariates. RESULTS: SES was an independent predictor of stage at diagnosis for each @entity5 site, with cases from the highest SES block-group more likely to present with local stage disease than those from the lowest SES group. Race independently predicted stage only for @entity0 ; African-Americans presented with more advanced stage than Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: Based on census block-group aggregate data, SES is an important predictor of stage at diagnosis, most likely accounting for much of the disparity in stage between African-Americans and Caucasians for @entity14 . Biological factors may play a role in racial disparities for @entity0 stage at diagnosis.

title: Race, socioeconomic status and stage at diagnosis for five common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancer', 'colorectal, lung, breast, cervical, and prostate cancers', 'breast and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells transduce extracellular signals into intracellular responses. @entity460 /calmodulin ( @entity141 /CaM)-dependent protein phosphorylation has been implicated in various cellular processes, yet little is known about @entity141 /CaM-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) in plants. From an @entity958 expression library screen using a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated @entity1460 calmodulin isoform ( @entity62695 ) as a probe, we isolated a full-length cDNA clone that encodes AtCK ( @entity958 @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase). The predicted structure of AtCK contains a @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase catalytic domain followed by a putative calmodulin-binding domain and a putative @entity141 -binding domain. Recombinant AtCK was expressed in @entity526 and bound to calmodulin in a @entity141 -dependent manner. The ability of CaM to bind to AtCK was confirmed by gel mobility shift and competition assays. AtCK exhibited its highest levels of autophosphorylation in the presence of 3 mM @entity3281 . The phosphorylation of myelin basic protein (MBP) by AtCK was enhanced when AtCK was under the control of @entity460 -bound CaM, as previously observed for other @entity141 /CaM-dependent protein kinases. In contrast to @entity2829 and @entity286 CCaMKs ( @entity460 and @entity141 /CaM-dependent protein kinase), increasing the concentration of calmodulin to more than 3 microgram suppressed the phosphorylation activity of AtCK. Taken together our results indicate that AtCK is a novel @entity958 @entity141 /CaM-dependent protein kinase which is presumably involved in CaM-mediated signaling.

title: Isolation and characterization of a novel XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, AtCK, from @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting studies on transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of isolated brain microvessels have produced conflicting data on their cellular distribution. A major problem is identifying cells expressing the genes of interest, since isolated brain microvessels are composed of several cell types and may be contaminated with mRNA or proteins from astrocytes and neurons. We isolated @entity35 brain microvessels and examined microscopically samples at each step of isolation to evaluate microvessel purity. The expression of specific markers of endothelial cells ( @entity13345 , @entity12186 ), pericytes ( @entity26659 ), neurons ( @entity20099 , Syn) and astrocytes ( @entity40 ) was measured by qRT-PCR in order to select the protocol giving the least astrocyte and neuron mRNAs and the most endothelial mRNAs. We also evaluated the gene expression of drug transporters ( @entity23742 , Mdr1b, @entity24071 -5, Bcrp and @entity24074 ) at each step to optimize their location in cells at the BBB. The @entity23742 , @entity63729 , Bcrp and @entity24074 gene profiles were similar to those of endothelium markers. The profiles of @entity21998 and @entity24072 closely resembled that of @entity26659 . @entity39397 and @entity24071 expression was not increased in the microvessel-enriched fraction, suggesting that they are ubiquitously expressed throughout the cortex parenchyma. We also evaluated by Western blotting the expression of @entity22209 , @entity21998 , @entity40 and Syn in the cortex and in the purest obtained microvessel fraction. Our results showed that @entity22209 expression strongly increased in microvessels whereas @entity21998 was not detected in any of the fraction. Surprisingly, @entity40 expression increased in isolated microvessels whereas Syn was not detected. Our results showed that the strategy consisting of identifying gene expression at different steps of the protocol is useful to identify cells containing mRNA at the BBB and give overall similar results with protein expression.

title: Expression of drug transporters at the blood-brain barrier using an optimized isolated XXXX brain microvessel strategy.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The dimorphic fungi @entity12266 and @entity3218 cause systemic @entity364 in @entity1 and other animals. Forward genetic approaches to generating and screening mutants for biologically important phenotypes have been underutilized for these pathogens. The plant-transforming bacterium @entity3261 was tested to determine whether it could transform these fungi and if the fate of transforming DNA was suited for use as an insertional mutagen. @entity375 cells from both fungi and germinating conidia from @entity12266 were transformed via A. tumefaciens by using @entity13995 resistance for selection. Transformation frequencies up to 1 per 100 @entity375 cells were obtained at high effector-to-target ratios of 3,000:1. @entity12266 and @entity3218 ura5 lines were complemented with transfer DNA vectors expressing URA5 at efficiencies 5 to 10 times greater than those obtained using @entity13995 selection. Southern blot analyses indicated that in 80% of transformants the transferred DNA was integrated into chromosomal DNA at single, unique sites in the genome. Progeny of @entity12266 transformants unexpectedly showed that a single round of colony growth under @entity13995 selection or visible selection of transformants by lacZ expression generated homokaryotic progeny from multinucleate @entity375 . Theoretical analysis of random organelle sorting suggests that the majority of @entity12266 cells would be homokaryons after the ca. 20 generations necessary for colony formation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that A. tumefaciens efficiently transfers DNA into @entity12266 and @entity3218 and has the properties necessary for use as an insertional mutagen in these fungi.

title: @entity3261 integrates transfer DNA into single chromosomal sites of dimorphic fungi and yields homokaryotic progeny from multinucleate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis']

entities_list: @entity13995 :: ('MESH:C026273', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Although @entity86 is common after major gynecologic surgery, the majority of @entity1 have no identifiable @entity166 or pathologic etiology. Traditional management has been to delay hospital discharge until the @entity1 is afebrile. The authors evaluate the outcome of @entity1 discharged with @entity86 after major gynecologic surgery. In a retrospective review of 537 @entity1 undergoing major gynecologic surgery, 211 (39%) had @entity86 . The authors identified all @entity1 who were discharged despite having a temperature of 38 degrees C or higher (> or = 100.4 degrees F) in the preceding 12 hours. All outpatient and inpatient records for a period of 30 days were reviewed. Thirty-eight (18%) of 211 @entity1 who were febrile postoperatively were discharged despite having a @entity221 within the preceding 12 hours. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Two (5%) of 37 @entity1 had a documented @entity281 (one @entity293 and one @entity6081 ). Four (11%) were readmitted within 30 days for noninfectious causes. None of the @entity1 discharged on oral antibiotics had an antibiotic-related complication. Eighty-four percent of @entity1 discharged with a @entity86 did not have a documented @entity166 or pathologic cause for the @entity221 while at home.

title: Delay of hospital discharge secondary to XXXX --is it necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative fever']


abstract: Impairment of swallowing is a common symptom in advanced stage of @entity191 and severe defect of this function may cause @entity1174 , problems with food intake and cachexy. The aim of this study was to assess the reflex and oral, pharyngeal, oesophageal phase of swallowing. Eleven @entity1 with @entity191 and 9 healthy subjects were investigated by electromyography (EMG) and oesophageal scintigraphy. The study demonstrates delayed triggering of swallowing reflex (543 +/- 84 ms in @entity1 with @entity1726 vs. 230 +/- 66 ms in controls, p < 0.05) and prolongation of laryngeal movement (1880 +/- 140 ms vs. 1349 +/- 154 ms, p < 0.05). The prolongation of the oesophageal phase of swallowing with predilection to retention of water in lower one/third part of esophagus (12.45 +/- 2.45 s vs. 6.45 +/- 1.18 s, p < 0.001) was observed. The @entity1282 limit, that is the maximum amount of water swallowed at once, was also evaluated (all normal subjects are able to swallow 20 ml water or more at once). In the studied @entity1 with @entity191 it was 4.5 +/- 0.86 ml. These results evidently and objectively indicate the presence of @entity1282 in @entity191 . @entity1282 was observed in all studied @entity1 , although only 8 of them complained about it. In other 3 cases the impairment of swallowing was subclinical and it was connected with prolongation of oesophageal phase.

title: [ XXXX in @entity191 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'swallowing disorders', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Swallowing disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is the most prevalent of all @entity8703 . In recent studies, the presence of receptors for pituitary-type growth hormone-releasing hormone (pGHRH-R) has been demonstrated in various @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity1 prostate, brain, and other @entity5 lines. @entity1374 , however, have not yet been investigated in this regard. In this study, we found that pGHRH-R and its functional splice variant, SV1, are present in normal thyroid and @entity3557 cells. We also treated seven normal and @entity3557 thyroid cells in vitro with a @entity7704 antagonist, @entity16384 , to compare its anti-proliferation and anti-invasion potential against vehicle-treated cells. We found that treatment with @entity7704 antagonist increases the expression of SV1 and pGHRH-R in @entity5 cells compared to @entity5 cells exposed to vehicle only, a response which may alter the sensitivity of signaling kinases within the cells. @entity7704 antagonist treatment of @entity5 cells also reduced activity of the @entity5 invasion marker, @entity1476 , compared to @entity5 cells exposed to vehicle only. The expression of pGHRH-R and SV1, as well as @entity1476 activity, in normal thyroid cells remained unaffected by @entity7704 antagonist treatment. Similarly, cell proliferation rates for @entity5 or normal thyroid cells were not affected by @entity7704 antagonist treatment. Our findings have important implications for the therapeutic use of @entity7704 antagonist in cases of aggressive @entity3557 refractory to conventional treatment modalities, and in which protein expression and @entity1476 activity in normal thyroid tissue is left unaltered.

title: Expression of Receptors for Pituitary-Type Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (pGHRH-R) in XXXX @entity3557 Cells: Effects of @entity7704 Antagonists on @entity1476 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid cancer', 'PTC', 'PTC tumor']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of combined @entity715 aspiration and inferior vena cava (IVC) recanalization for @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) @entity1 with IVC @entity715 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2011 to October 2014, 17 consecutive @entity3181 @entity1 with IVC @entity715 [male 13, female 4 (mean age 52.6      8.4  years, range 43-72  years)] treated by combined @entity715 aspiration and IVC recanalization were enrolled in this retrospective study. An 8F guiding catheter was used as the aspiration catheter. During the treatment, the aspiration catheter was placed from the right femoral vein to the IVC thrombi, and a 20-ml syringe was connected with the aspiration catheter for @entity715 aspiration. IVC recanalization was performed after @entity715 aspiration. Data on technical success, clinical success, and follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all @entity1 . After @entity715 aspiration, 12 @entity1 had no visible thrombi on IVC venography, while 5 @entity1 were shown to have the IVC mural thrombi. Afterwards, 13 @entity1 were treated by @entity384 , and 4 @entity1 were treated by IVC stent insertion. No @entity1 experienced @entity1353 after treatment. The average IVC pressure decreased from 29.8      3.4 @entity10020 O to 8.6      2.1 @entity10020 O (P  <  0.001). Clinical success was achieved in all @entity1 . The average follow-up period was 15.3      11.6  months (range 2-44  months). Long-term IVC patency was achieved in 15 of 17 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Combined @entity715 aspiration and IVC recanalization can be a safe and effective method for @entity3181 @entity1 with IVC @entity715 .

title: Combined @entity715 aspiration and recanalization in treating XXXX with @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['IVC balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adolescents with @entity102 have been shown to have management and treatment issues resulting in poor outcomes. These issues may arise from non-interest in self care and illness knowledge. A video game, "Re-Mission," was developed to actively involve young @entity1 with @entity5 in their own treatment. Re-Mission provides opportunities to learn about @entity5 and its treatment. METHOD: The efficacy of Re-Mission was investigated in a multi-site, randomized, controlled study with 375 adolescent and young adult @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 received either a regular commercial game (control) or both the regular game plus Re-Mission (Re-Mission group). @entity1 were given a mini-PC with the games installed and requested to play for an hour each week for 3 months. A test on @entity5 -related knowledge was given prior to game play (baseline) and again after 1 and 3 months. At 3 months the Re-Mission group also rated the acceptability and credibility of Re-Mission. RESULTS: Analyses of the knowledge test scores showed that whereas scores of both groups improved significantly over the follow-up periods, the scores of the Re-Mission group improved significantly more. The size of this effect was related to usage of Re-Mission. Credibility scores were negatively correlated with level of knowledge but not with change in knowledge level at 1 month or 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a specific effect of Re-Mission play on @entity5 knowledge that is not attributable to @entity1 ' expectations. It is concluded that video games can be an effective vehicle for health education in adolescents and young adults with @entity102 .

title: Improvement in @entity5 -related knowledge following use of a psychoeducational video game for adolescents and young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction surgery has been recommended for @entity1 with @entity1315 and was associated with less favorable outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1315 . The value of endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment in @entity1315 has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To confirm the equivalence of upper and lower lobe valve treatments in @entity1 with heterogeneous @entity2415 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis from the Endobronchial Valve for @entity2415 Trial (VENT), where @entity1 with heterogeneous @entity2415 received Zephyr   EBV (Pulmonx Corp., Redwood City, @entity2948 ., USA) or medical treatment, was performed. @entity1 with low interlobar collateral ventilation and accurate placement of valves in the target lobes were identified. Safety and efficacy were compared between @entity1 who underwent upper versus lower lobe treatment. RESULTS: Of the 331 @entity1 , 60 had low interlobar collateral ventilation and successful lobar exclusion (45 @entity1 with @entity1315 @entity1 with lower lobe treatment). There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups except for a higher destruction score (70.3 vs. 60.7%; p = 0.0010) and a higher heterogeneity index (24 vs. 13%; p = 0.0005) for the upper lobe cohort. At 180 days, both groups had improved clinically. There were no significant differences in mean changes or responder rates of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (+23.8 vs. +22.9%), the St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (-6.50 vs. -7.53 points), the 6-min walk test (+24.1 vs. +44.0 m), target lobe volume reduction (-1,199 vs. -1,042 ml), or in the adverse event rate between both cohorts. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with lower and @entity1315 benefit equally from EBV therapy when interlobar collateral ventilation is low and lobar exclusion is achieved. @entity1 with @entity75 did not have increased adverse events compared to @entity1 with @entity1315 .

title: Comparing Clinical Outcomes in Upper versus Lower Lobe Endobronchial Valve Treatment in Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lower lobe disease']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema Palliation', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe treatment and 15', 'lower lobe predominant emphysema', 'upper lobe predominant emphysema', 'non-upper lobe predominant emphysema', 'upper lobe emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['Emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of using transdermal @entity3575 ( @entity12046 ) on cognitive functions in @entity5 . METHODS: After approval and informed consent of @entity1 by the Ethical Committee, fifty @entity1 with @entity5 who had no previous opioid treatments were included in the study. @entity158 was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) while, cognitive functions were assessed using by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination final revised version (ACE-R). In addition, performance was evaluated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG) and adverse reactions were noted. @entity1 algological evaluation was done in the first application and the normal cognitive functions were established using ACE-R. In most cases the treatment began with 25   g/h @entity12046 and, at certain stages of the treatment, the dose was increased so that VAS  <=2. ACE-R was applied again on day 30 under sufficient @entity1337 . All @entity1 were compared using ACE-R total scores and subgroups (attention-orientation, memory, fluency, language, visuospatial abilities) at before and after @entity12046 treatment. RESULTS: At the end of the study, attention-orientation, memory, fluency, language, and ACER total scores showed a statistically significant improvement after @entity12046 treatment than before. No significant change was obtained for the visuospatial abilities. No difference was detected in performance status. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity12046 for the treatment of @entity5 is not associated with impairment in cognitive performance. Even some cognitive test scores demonstrated significant improvement. Our data shows that the absence of @entity158 increased the quality of life.

title: [The cognitive effects of using transdermal fentanyl in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity442 deficiency may result from @entity73 , or from defects in @entity442 synthesis, transport, or action. Complete deficiency of the @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ), previously described in two male @entity1 , the only known inherited alteration in @entity442 transport, is characterized by severe circulating @entity442 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 deficiency with only mild @entity851 . OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the characterization, at biochemical and molecular levels, of the cause for severe circulating @entity442 and @entity2301 deficiency in a male @entity1 with mild @entity851 . @entity1 : We report an adolescent male with delayed growth and pubertal development (Tanner stage I, -2.00 sd score for height at the age of 15.3 yr), profound circulating @entity442 and @entity2301 deficiency, and poor response to GH treatment. RESULTS: The index case, as well as one of his brothers, and his sister were found to be compound heterozygotes for two novel @entity16349 gene mutations: @entity63799 , a missense point mutation; and S195_197Rdup, a 9-bp duplication. The parents and youngest brother were found to be carriers for one of these two mutations. The three affected siblings had marked reduction of @entity442 and @entity2301 levels, undetectable serum levels of @entity2777 , inability to form ternary complexes, and moderate @entity2690 resistance. All of them attained a normal near-adult height (between -1.0 and -0.5 sd score), which was nonetheless lower than that of their heterozygous brother. The IGF system was only modestly affected in the heterozygous carriers. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the critical role of @entity2777 in forming ternary complexes and the maintenance of normal levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 . @entity2690 resistance, pubertal delay in male @entity1 , and poor GH responsiveness seem to be frequent findings in @entity2777 . However, haploinsufficiency of the @entity16349 gene has no discernible clinical effects with only modest impact on the IGF system.

title: Phenotypic effects of null and haploinsufficiency of XXXX in a family with two novel @entity16349 gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of GH secretion or action']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'ALS deficiency', 'acid-labile subunit']

answer: @entity2777 :: (MESH:D005166,Disease) :: ['acid-labile subunit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with stent have shown promising results in the treatment of @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) in @entity1 not suitable for surgery. Chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in @entity1 with local advanced and metastatic @entity1125 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the current randomized trial the combination of chemotherapy and stent with and without @entity21957 (Foscan) photodynamic therapy (PDT), with a primary endpoint on feasibility and safety, has been performed. Ten @entity1 in each group. RESULTS: No serious, acute procedure-related complication related to PDT or the treatment combination was seen. The number of @entity1 with @entity255 was equal in both groups. In the PDT goup - arm A - two @entity1 had cutaneous erythema after sun exposition, one of them with a localized blister. No @entity281 was seen. Quality of Life (QoL) was similar in both treatment groups. Progression free survival was numerically longer in the PDT group. CONCLUSION: The treatment combination was feasible. There was no serious complication related to PDT or the treatment combination. Number of @entity255 was equal in both groups, two abscesses were observed in the PDT group. Progression free survival was numerically longer in the PDT group.

title: Randomised controlled trial of @entity21957 photodynamic therapy plus chemotherapy in nonresectable XXXX -PCS Nordic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic infection']

entities_list: @entity21957 :: ('MESH:C072269', 'Chemical') :: ['temoporfin']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'BTC']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary carcinoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: This is a retrospective study aimed to determine the efficacy of mini-scleral contact lens in protecting the @entity267 and improving vision in cases of @entity3541 . @entity1 CONCERNS: @entity1 with @entity3541 get exposure @entity1036 because the @entity267 is dry. They feel @entity158 , discomfort and excessive watering. If left untreated, it leads to permanent @entity16 and @entity1018 . Mini-scleral lens keep the @entity267 covered by saline solution all wearing hours. DIAGNOSES: Three @entity1 (4 eyes) with @entity5513 , two unilateral and one bilateral, who underwent @entity5513 surgeries resulting in @entity3541 , are presented.The gold implant and lateral tarsorrhaphy were not enough for corneal protection.Two @entity1 ( @entity1 1 and 2) suffered continuous @entity158 and watering. They had to apply thick lubricant, Lacri-Lube ointment (Allergan, Inc., Dublin, Ireland), several times daily to the affected eye for 15 years. The vision of these @entity1 in the affected eyes were @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) at one foot. @entity1 3 with bilateral @entity3541 had exposure @entity735 resulting in constant watering, @entity158 . INTERVENTIONS: The 4 eyes were fitted with mini-scleral lenses. The lenses were 15.8 mm rigid gas permeable filled with preservative free saline solution that continuously covers the @entity267 all wearing hours. OUTCOMES: In @entity1 1 and 2 with unilateral @entity3541 , vision improved through the mini-scleral lenses to 20/30 and all their symptoms disappeared.The @entity1036 in case 3 with bilateral @entity3541 disappeared within one week of mini-scleral lens use.Follow up for 2 years showed that these @entity1 maintained good vision with no side effects. LESSONS: Mini-scleral lenses protected the @entity267 , gave comfort and improved the vision and the quality of life of these three @entity1 with @entity3541 and should be considered for all @entity1 with @entity3541 .

title: A non-surgical approach to the management of exposure XXXX due to @entity3541 by using mini-scleral lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of good functional vision']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the cornea']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and blurred vision', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['counting fingers', 'CF']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: We report a case of a suspected secondary central nervous system(CNS)primitive @entity4969 ( @entity6196 )that developed 25 years after radiation therapy for a @entity2946 of the cerebellum. At 5 years of age, the @entity1 underwent craniotomy and subsequent radiation therapy of the whole brain(39Gy), whole spinal cord(9Gy), and posterior fossa(49Gy)for the treatment of a @entity2946 of the cerebellum;the @entity1 did not receive chemotherapy. After radiation therapy, the @entity2946 completely receded and did not recur. Twenty-five years later, at 30 years of age, the @entity1 visited our institution experiencing right-sided @entity1269 and @entity2026 that had arisen approximately 1 month prior and had gradually worsened. The @entity1 was subsequently hospitalized after experiencing disturbed @entity1662 and a generalized @entity410 seizure. @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed a mass accompanied by a large cyst in the @entity75 . Complete @entity5 resection was achieved via macroscopic surgery, and the histopathological findings were indicative of CNS @entity6196 . Considering the @entity5 occurred in the same site where radiation therapy had been previously administered to treat a @entity2946 , additional radiotherapy was avoided in favor of combination chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity900 , and etoposide. @entity5 recurrence was not observed in a follow-up MRI after 6 courses of ICE therapy, and the @entity1 has resumed a normal life. The present case, a CNS @entity6196 , is suspected as a secondary @entity1313 induced by radiation therapy previously used to treat a @entity2946 , and it represents a rare late-onset complication of radiation therapy. For the treatment of @entity6196 , we believe that maximal safe surgical resection of the @entity5 and post-operative radiation therapy are typically necessary for long-term survival. However, taking into account the risks of repeated exposure to radiation, we did not perform post-operative radiation therapy for this @entity1 . We have not observed recurrence to date;however, the @entity1 will require a strict follow-up schedule hereafter.

title: [CNS primitive @entity4969 suspected as a secondary recurrence after radiation therapy for XXXX :a case report].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Algorithms for computer-aided diagnosis of @entity303 based on structural MRI have demonstrated high performance in the literature, but are difficult to compare as different data sets and methodology were used for evaluation. In addition, it is unclear how the algorithms would perform on previously unseen data, and thus, how they would perform in clinical practice when there is no real opportunity to adapt the algorithm to the data at hand. To address these comparability, generalizability and clinical applicability issues, we organized a grand challenge that aimed to objectively compare algorithms based on a clinically representative multi-center data set. Using clinical practice as the starting point, the goal was to reproduce the clinical diagnosis. Therefore, we evaluated algorithms for multi-class classification of three diagnostic groups: @entity1 with probable @entity195 , @entity1 with mild @entity73 and healthy controls. The diagnosis based on clinical criteria was used as reference standard, as it was the best available reference despite its known limitations. For evaluation, a previously unseen test set was used consisting of 354 T1-weighted MRI scans with the diagnoses blinded. Fifteen research teams participated with a total of 29 algorithms. The algorithms were trained on a small training set (n=30) and optionally on data from other sources (e.g., the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative, the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle flagship study of aging). The best performing algorithm yielded an accuracy of 63.0% and an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) of 78.8%. In general, the best performances were achieved using feature extraction based on voxel-based morphometry or a combination of features that included volume, cortical thickness, shape and intensity. The challenge is open for new submissions via the web-based framework: http://caddementia.grand-challenge.org.

title: Standardized evaluation of algorithms for computer-aided diagnosis of XXXX based on structural MRI: The CADDementia challenge.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: In S0313 trial we evaluated the impact of adding ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation to 3 cycles of standard @entity3726 chemotherapy plus involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) in @entity1 with limited stage aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 with at least one stage-modified adverse risk factor (non-bulky stage II, age > 60 years, elevated LDH, or WHO performance status of 2) were treated with @entity3726 on days 1, 22, and 43, followed 3 weeks later by 40-50 Gy of IFRT. Ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen was initiated 3 - 6 weeks following IFRT. Forty-six @entity1 were registered and eligible, with median follow-up of 7.3 years. The progression-free survival (PFS) estimate is 89% at 2 years, 82% at 5 years, and 75% at 7 years. Overall survival (OS) estimate is 91% at 2 years, 87% at 5 years, and 82% at 7 years. Grade 4 adverse events occurring more than once included @entity1398 (8), @entity1431 (5), and @entity2905 (2). @entity1398 was observed in 4 @entity1 . No cases of treatment-related myeloid @entity5 were noted. In conclusion, @entity1 with high-risk @entity1893 treated with 3 cycles of @entity3726 plus IFRT followed by ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation had outcomes that compare favorably to our historical experience. The clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00070018.

title: Ibritumomab consolidation after 3 cycles of @entity3726 plus radiotherapy in high risk limited stage aggressive XXXX : SWOG S0313.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: The present study examined the effect of 14 days of exposure to microgravity during the Spacelab Life Sciences-2 (SLS-2) space shuttle mission on the myosin heavy-chain (MHC) content, fibre size and type distributions and metabolic properties of @entity35 diaphragm. Five adult male @entity35 were exposed to 14 days of microgravity (SF, spaceflight) and compared to five ground-based controls (C). Immunohistochemical analyses using isoform-specific anti-MHC monoclonal antibodies revealed that 14 days of SF did not alter the proportions of type-I, -IIA, -IID/X or -IIB fibres within the crural, sternal or lateral costal regions of the diaphragm; the electrophoretically quantified MHC-isoform contents also remained unchanged. In contrast, the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles displayed slow-to-fast fibre type transitions: within the @entity10036 the proportion of type-IID/X fibres was reduced by 59% ( P<0.04) and corresponded to a 51% increase ( P<0.03) in type-IIB fibres. Within the TA, the sum of type-IID/X+IIB fibres was elevated by 24% ( P<0.02) at the expense of the slower type-IIA fibres, which decreased by 33% ( P<0.04). Electrophoretic analyses yielded qualitatively similar patterns of transformation. SF did not induce @entity3202 within the diaphragm, @entity10036 or TA. @entity4588 dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged in the crural diaphragm ( P>0.96) but was 34% lower ( P<0.0001) in the TA. We conclude that 14 days of SF did not alter structural or metabolic factors that are known to underlie functional properties of the diaphragm. The findings of the present study show that 14 days of SF does not induce deleterious adaptive changes in the @entity35 diaphragm that occur in hindlimb muscles.

title: Effects of spaceflight on myosin heavy-chain content, fibre morphology and @entity4588 dehydrogenase activity in XXXX diaphragm.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinate']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']