abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional radiography, and ultrasonography in identifying @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), and to determine the validity and reliability of an MRI scale in detecting and grading joint damage. METHODS: In 26 @entity4932 @entity1 , the clinically more affected wrist was studied with MRI, radiography, and ultrasonography, coupled with standard clinical assessment and biochemical analysis. MR images were assessed independently by 2 readers according to an apposite devised scoring system. RESULTS: Of 26 @entity1 , 25 (96.1%) had 1 or more @entity2681 as detected by MRI, whereas conventional radiography and ultrasonography revealed @entity2681 in 13 (50%) of 26 and 12 (50%) of 24 @entity1 , respectively. The ability of MRI to detect erosive changes was significantly higher with respect to conventional radiography (P = 0.002 with Bonferroni correction [P(B)]) and ultrasonography (P(B) = 0.0002) in the group of @entity1 with <3 years' disease duration. Ultrasonography and conventional radiography were of equivalent value for the detection of destructive changes. Wrist MRI score correlated highly with radiographic erosion score (r(s) = 0.82) and with wrist limited range of motion score (r(s) = 0.69). The interreader intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for MRI score was excellent (0.97); intrareader ICCs were good for both investigators (0.97 and 0.79). CONCLUSION: MRI seems to be a powerful tool to detect early structural damage in @entity4932 . The proposed MRI scale for @entity79 appears promising in terms of reliability and construct validity. The pathophysiologic meaning and the prognostic value of @entity79 revealed only by MRI remain to be established in longitudinal studies.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and conventional radiography in the assessment of XXXX in @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone erosions']


abstract: @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) treatment is painful, and cosmetic results are often unsatisfying. @entity4580 has been reported to be effective in treatment of @entity4536 caused by @entity8436 . The efficacy of @entity4580 was compared with @entity17004 in treatment of Old @entity4536 . Of 49 @entity1 , 22 received 500 mg/day @entity4580 for 5 days/month. Treatment cycles were repeated monthly to a maximum of 4 months; 27 @entity1 received 60 mg/kg intramuscular @entity17004 for 20 days. Both groups were followed up for 16 weeks. In the @entity4580 group, 2 @entity1 withdrew because of @entity1109 . The response rates of 20 @entity1 (29 lesions) were as follows: full improvement, 10.3%; partial improvement, 27.6%; and 62.1%, no response. In the @entity17004 group with 27 @entity1 (58 lesions), these rates were 34.4%, 13.8%, and 51.7%, respectively (P = 0.036). @entity4580 was determined to be not as effective as @entity17004 in treatment of Old World @entity4536 .

title: Efficacy of @entity4580 versus systemic XXXX ( @entity17004 ) in the treatment of @entity4536 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucantime', 'meglumine antimoniate', 'glucantime']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['World leishmaniasis', 'Cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania viannia braziliensis']

answer: @entity17004 :: (MESH:C005278,Chemical) :: ['meglumine antimoniate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and complication rates of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Assutah Laser Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the complication rate after PRK in 825 consecutive @entity1 who had PRK for @entity1714 and had a follow-up of at least 12 months. RESULTS: At 12 months postoperatively, 4.0% of @entity1 suffered from overcorrection and 8.6% from undercorrection. Induced @entity940 developed in 1.4% of all operated eyes. Three percent of the @entity1 had haze, and 3.6% reported glare or halos. Twenty-three eyes (2.7%) lost one line or more of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Ptosis developed in 0.4% of the eyes, and 3.5% had a significant increase in intraocular pressure resulting from @entity228 treatment. There were no complications in 678 eyes (82.5%). CONCLUSION: Eighty-two percent of eyes having PRK did not develop complications. In 18.0% one or more complication, mainly undercorrection, overcorrection, or loss of BCVA, occurred.

title: Complications of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in fructooligosaccharides as a health-promoting food component is increasing. Fructooligosaccharides are mainly indigestible and large amounts in the colon may provoke @entity344 . OBJECTIVE: The symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) may be provoked by large quantities of @entity3363 in the colon. The objective of this study was to determine whether regular consumption of fructooligosaccharides worsens @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity1744 . DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group comparison was conducted at 24 sites. The study consisted of a 2-wk, single-blind run-in phase and a 12-wk, double-blind comparative phase. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 20 g fructooligosaccharides powder/d (n = 52) or a placebo (n = 46). Efficacy was based on the @entity1 ' overall response to treatment at completion of the study and on the severity and duration of individual symptoms ( @entity1661 , abdominal rumbling, abnormal flatulence, and @entity490 ). RESULTS: Data from 96 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 80 @entity1 ) were analyzed. After 4-6 wk of treatment, @entity1744 symptoms improved more in the placebo group than in the @entity16468 group. After completion of the study, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups: symptoms improved in 58% of the @entity16468 group and in 65% of the placebo group and symptoms worsened in 8% of the @entity16468 group and in 13% of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Although symptoms worsened in @entity1 with @entity1744 at the onset of treatment with 20 g fructooligosaccharides/d, continuous treatment for 12 wk resulted in no worsening of symptoms.

title: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fructooligosaccharides in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16468 :: ('MESH:C116580', 'Chemical') :: ['fructooligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: This study evaluated the operative outcome of dialysis @entity1 undergoing @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In the past 6 years, 38 dialysis @entity1 with a mean age of 57.5 years underwent @entity453 . Thirty-one operations were elective, and 7 were nonelective operations. Thirty-two operations were performed under @entity1167 , 3 operations were performed under fibrillatory arrest, and 3 operations were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. The average number of bypass grafts was 2.8. In all @entity1 , the internal thoracic artery was used. Hospital mortality was 5.3%. Actuarial survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years including all causes of @entity204 were 88%, 80%, and 72%, respectively. With improvements in perioperative management, @entity453 can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity in dialysis @entity1 . Complete revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass is the ideal method and will increase in usage. However, the conventional @entity453 also provides acceptable results.

title: Coronary artery bypass in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAB', 'coronary artery bypass']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two hundred and sixty-three cases of primary @entity1 @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) were analyzed. All cases met the following parameters: @entity5 size > or = 10 mm, no distant @entity3 at presentation, and no coexistence of other histological type. The histological features of the solid/trabecular component, encapsulation, tall/columnar cell component and loss of polarity/cohesiveness were utilized to subclassify the 263 cases of @entity3557 into five groups: solid type (15.6%), encapsulated group (9.5%), tall/columnar cell group (7.2%), micropapillary/discohesive group (19.8%) and not-otherwise-specified group (47.9%). We focused on the latter four non-solid groups and compared their prognosis with the solid type. The tall/columnar cell group showed the worst disease-free survival rate (DFS) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, followed by the micropapillary/discohesive group. The not-otherwise-specified group and encapsulated group showed a better DFS rate than the solid type. @entity5 was noted in the tall/columnar cell group (21.1%) and micropapillary/discohesive group (3.8%), but not in the other groups. The four non-solid histological groups were further categorized into two prognostic groups: high-risk group (including tall/columnar cell group and micropapillary/discohesive group); and low-risk group (including encapsulated group and not-otherwise-specified group). Their 10-year disease-free survival rates were 78.7% and 93.1%, respectively. In the present study, histological grouping was significantly correlated with prognosis in the multivariate analysis according to the Cox proportional hazards regression model in addition to clinical parameters of extrathyroid invasion and gross lymph node @entity3 , which predicts the @entity1 outcome in terms of @entity5 recurrence and @entity5 more precisely.

title: Subclassification of non-solid-type XXXX identification of high-risk group in common type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'Cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The validity of reproduction of the controlled contusion injury to the spinal cord in the experimental animal is questioned. The dynamic pathology involving the microvasculature within the first two hours is illustrated using light microscopy. After 15-30 minutes swelling of axons and disruption of myelin sheaths become evident in most areas of white matter. After four hours microcysts have formed in the columns of white matter and are evidence of irreversible damage. Swelling of the @entity1566 results from congestion, extravasation and intracellular swelling of neurones, rather than from any demonstrable increase in extracellular fluid. @entity4 was only demonstrated with perfusion fixation. Isotope and contrast myelography were compared in the identification of the degree and extent of spinal cord swelling. Significant improvement in motor power was found in a group of paraplegic @entity742 treated with @entity8490 . There was no significant improvement in the degree of recovery of motor power or sensation in those animals treated with intrathecal @entity1667 ( @entity8745 ). The histopathology in the crushed spinal cord tissue of the treated and untreated animals at various intervals of time was compared. Some possible explanations for the different patterns of clinical recovery in the treated animals are discussed.

title: The experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Oedema']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl paratyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord following injury']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['Depo-Medrol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: For several different bone mineral measurements and various skeletal sites, we compared capability to discriminate between @entity1 in various age decades with and without @entity174 , and attempted to identify the most effective cutoff level in discrimination of @entity174 . The subjects were 88 @entity1 aged 50-59 years (including 32 with @entity174 ), 95 @entity1 aged 60-69 years (including 54 with @entity174 ), and 34 @entity1 aged 70-79 years (including 18 with @entity174 ). Spinal trabecular and cortical @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were measured using quantitative computed tomography (CT), and spinal, radial (ultra-distal, 10% distal and 33% distal), and calcaneal @entity79 were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. These @entity79 values were obtained in each subject on the same day. Three statistical techniques-Student's t-test, the logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis- were applied and accuracy was calculated using the various cutoff values. The capability to discriminate between @entity1 with and those without @entity174 using these @entity79 values was different among the three age groups. In @entity1 aged 50-59 and 60-69 years, all measurements showed good capabilities for discriminating @entity1 with @entity174 . In @entity1 aged 70-79 years, these measurements showed lower capability than in those aged 50-59 and 60-69 years, but among them, the calcaneal and ultradistal radial @entity79 showed relatively good capability. The 10% and 33% distal radial @entity79 values were not useful in the detection of the high risk @entity1 with @entity174 . The cutoff @entity79 values for discrimination of @entity1 with @entity174 varied according to the sites and methods of measurement. For each specific age group, the most suitable measurement methods and the appropriate skeletal sites should be considered, and the effective cutoff values to discriminate those with @entity174 may differ according to the measurement methods, the skeletal sites examined, and age.

title: Discrimination of XXXX with various bone mineral measurements.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['spinal fracture']


abstract: We have developed an experimental @entity322 model in anesthetized female @entity95 , in order to study the effects of alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists on it in vivo. Micturition was induced artificially by electrical stimulation of the abdomen of @entity95 receiving a continuous infusion of @entity413 -free. Tyrode's solution into the urinary bladder. Alpha-1 adrenergic agonists, @entity2647 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and the newly synthesized agent @entity53974 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and its prodrug @entity21172 (10 mg/kg), which was intraduodenally administered, elevated the bladder pressure and arrested micturition induced by electrical stimulation. @entity3159 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited these effects of @entity2647 . The effect of an alpha-2 agonist, @entity1338 (1 mg/kg, i.v.), on micturition induced by electrical stimulation was not clearly defined. This study demonstrates that alpha-1 adrenergic agonists can arrest artificially-induced micturition via urethral contraction. This method may be useful for evaluating the effect of a drug on urethral leakage in vivo.

title: Effects of adrenergic agonists on an experimental XXXX model in anesthetized @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the reliability of the Papanicolaou smear in making the diagnosis of @entity6981 with the vaginal Gram stain used as the diagnostic standard. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective, blinded, cross-sectional study of 210 consecutive @entity1 referred to the Colposcopy Clinic for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytologic results. Each @entity1 had a standard Papanicolaou smear and Gram stain of vaginal discharge. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Papanicolaou smear were determined with the Gram stain used as the standard for diagnosis of @entity6981 . RESULTS: Of the 210 @entity1 , 80 (38.1%) had Gram stains that were positive for @entity6981 (56.2%) had negative Gram stains. Twelve (5.7%) had intermediate Gram stains that were also considered negative. Of the 80 @entity1 with positive Gram stains, 44 had cervical smears consistent with @entity6981 and 36 had negative smears. Of the 130 @entity1 with negative Gram stains, two had a positive cervical smear. Therefore, compared to the Gram stain, cervical cytologic test results had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 98%. The respective positive predictive and negative predictive values were 96% and 78%. CONCLUSION: Compared to Gram stain of vaginal secretions, the cervical Papanicolaou smear has fair sensitivity (55%) and excellent positive predictive value (96%) in diagnosing @entity6981 .

title: Correlation between cervical cytologic results and Gram stain as diagnostic tests for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis', 'bacterial vaginosis and 118']

answer: @entity6981 :: (MESH:D016585,Disease) :: ['bacterial vaginosis']


abstract: We examined the feasibility of myocardial 123I-MIBG, 201TlCl, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrafast computed tomography (UFCT) for the early detection of left ventricular involvements in 15 @entity1 with @entity4128 ( @entity4128 ). Radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) and myocardial imaging with 123I-MIBG, 201TlCl, MRI and UFCT were performed in all 15 @entity1 and in 10 normal subjects. The @entity1 ' scans were visually interpreted by two nuclear medicine physicians taking into consideration the extent score (ES) and @entity21628 ( @entity21628 ) calculated by using the bull's-eye view in relation to normal data derived from the normal subjects. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by RNV. Fourteen (93%) @entity1 showed regional 123I-MIBG defects, while 12 (80%) @entity1 showed regional 201TlCl defects. The ES and @entity21628 were higher in 123I-MIBG than 201TlCl (ES: 31.5 +/- 18.5 vs. 17.5 +/- 18.2, p < 0.01, @entity21628 : 34.8 +/- 42.2 vs. 16.9 +/- 37.5, p < 0.01). Abnormal UFCT and MRI findings suggesting fatty involvements of the LV myocardium were demonstrated in 7 @entity1 (Group B), while 7 @entity1 showed regional 123I-MIBG defects without abnormal UFCT and MRI findings (Group A). 123I-MIBG was significantly more sensitive than UFCT and MRI (p < 0.05), although one @entity1 , an exception, showed abnormal UFCT findings for the apex of the LV myocardium without abnormal 123I-MIBG and MRI findings. The LVEF, as a measure of LV systolic function, was better preserved in Group A than in Group B (59.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 45.8 +/- 5.8, p < 0.01). The present findings indicated that myocardial imaging with 123I-MIBG sensitively detects @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity4128 in the early stage when cardiac systolic function is still preserved.

title: Noninvasive identification of left ventricular involvements in XXXX : comparison of 123I-MIBG, 201TlCl, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrafast computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia', 'ARVD']

entities_list: @entity21628 :: ('MESH:C536711', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'severity score']

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Secretin is a key regulator of pancreatic secretion, but the molecular basis of its action is not well understood, especially in the @entity291 pancreas. Our study investigated the expression and functional competence of @entity52715 ( @entity52715 ) in @entity291 pancreatic membranes. METHODS: We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and Northern blot to assess the expression of the @entity52715 gene. The functional characterization of @entity52715 was accomplished using adenylate cyclase (AC) assay. RESULTS: We successfully amplified, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, a fragment of the @entity52715 gene from 119-day-old @entity291 pancreas. This sequence shows higher homology with @entity52715 than with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity11851 )-1 and @entity11851 -2 receptors from other species. Northern blot analysis detected a 1.8-kb transcript. Accordingly, secretin stimulates AC activity in @entity291 pancreatic membranes isolated from 28- and 119-day-old animals with a potency (Ka) of 1.9 to 2.7 nmol/L. Maximal AC stimulation induced by secretin represented a 3- to 4-fold increase of basal activity. AC activation by secretin was inhibited by the 2 @entity52715 antagonists, @entity52716 (l micromol/L) and [5-27] secretin (10 micromol/L). Interestingly, @entity52716 was ineffective against @entity11851 -induced AC stimulation. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity11384 exerts a direct action on pancreatic secretion through specific @entity52715 coupled to the AC system. @entity291 pancreatic SEC-Rs are coexpressed with @entity11851 -2 receptors that we previously identified by ligand binding and cross-linking experiments.

title: Differential activation of adenylate cyclase by secretin and @entity11851 receptors in the XXXX pancreas.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: @entity170 and @entity571 are the most common diseases of bone tissue affecting both @entity22550 . The aim of the study was to investigate the level of education and requirement for health promotion within the scope of common diseases of the skeletal system among rural population in Poland. This was an exploratory study with a cross-sectional design performed between May 2004-September 2005 in rural areas of 16 Voivodeships (main provinces) of Poland. The study population comprised of 404 (62.9%) rural @entity1 and 238 (37.1%) rural @entity1 (total 642). All subjects were randomly sampled and recruited by personal contact in primary health care centres. Study data were obtained using a specially prepared questionnaire. The most commonly reported diseases were: arterial @entity101 (26.1%), @entity179 (24.6%) and @entity571 (14.7%). The occurrence of @entity571 and @entity179 increased with age and was highest in the group aged over 50 (21% and 38.7% respectively). Osteoarthitis was more frequent in @entity1 compared to @entity1 (16% and 12.2% respectively). In most cases, the basic information about methods of prevention and treatment given by a General Practitioner or a specialist was characterized as "satisfactory" (73.6% and 62.9% respectively). The most popular prophylactic action performed in local communities was bone densitometry (14.1%), and the most important source of knowledge - TV and radio (65%). Populations living in rural areas have limited access to health education and health prophylaxis actions, irrespective of the geographical region of Poland. Inhabitants with secondary or higher education, as well as those with a higher household income, have better knowledge about skeletal system diseases compared to those with a lower educational level. The practical implications of this study suggest the necessity for paying more attention to etiology, symptoms and methods of prevention and treatment of @entity79 when attending to @entity1 in specialist practice.

title: Health promotion and health education with particular emphasis on XXXX among rural population in Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban populations']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['joint degenerative disease']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of high-dose radiotherapy for @entity263 using proton boost therapy following photon radiotherapy. METHODS: The primary endpoint was acute grade 3 or greater genitourinary (GU) and @entity344 . The study included @entity1 with clinical stage T1-3N0M0 @entity263 . Radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy/25 fx photon irradiation to the prostate and the bilateral seminal vesicles followed by proton boost of 26 Gy(E)/13 fx to the prostate alone. Hormonal therapy was allowed before and during the radiation therapy. RESULTS: Between January 2001 and January 2003, 30 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Acute grade 1/2 GU and GI @entity137 were observed in 20/4 and 17/0 @entity1 , respectively. With the median follow-up period of 30 months (range 20-45), late grade 1/2 GU and GI @entity137 occurred in 2/3 and 8/3 @entity1 , respectively. No grade 3 or greater acute or late @entity137 were observed. All @entity1 were alive, but six @entity1 relapsed biochemically after 7-24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Proton boost therapy following photon radiotherapy for @entity263 is feasible. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy, a multi-institutional phase II trial is in progress in Japan.

title: Phase II feasibility study of high-dose radiotherapy for XXXX using proton boost therapy: first clinical trial of proton beam therapy for @entity263 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior series showed that a portion of @entity189 cells exposed to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin undergoes nonapoptotic cell death and release of the chemokine @entity8919 . We evaluated the role of @entity5 cell derived @entity8919 in mediating the in vivo antitumor effect of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity19 @entity189 cell line MB49 was engineered to express a shRNA construct targeting @entity8919 . The shRNA expressing cell line underwent characterization to ensure its comparability to the parental MB49 cell line. An @entity5 model was used to compare the in vivo antitumor efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin in the parental cell line (24 control and 24 bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin treated) vs the @entity8919 knockdown line (23 control and 21 treated). RESULTS: Expression of the shRNA construct decreased @entity8919 expression and its release in response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. The parental and shRNA cell lines showed similar in vitro doubling time and @entity137 in response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. Treatment significantly decreased @entity5 volume vs controls in parental MB49 @entity5 bearing @entity19 (p = 0.036). @entity5 volume in treated @entity19 inoculated with the shRNA cell line was higher than that in sham treated shRNA controls (p = 0.12). Of the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin treated @entity19 @entity5 volume was significantly lower in parental @entity5 bearing @entity19 vs the shRNA group (p <0.00001). ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the cell line (shRNA vs parental) and the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin effect (p = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: The direct @entity5 response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin, culminating in @entity8919 release, may be an important contributor to the clinical efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

title: XXXX release by @entity189 cells is required for the in vivo antitumor response to Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'orthotopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity8919 :: (15289(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HMGB1']


abstract: A case of @entity9872 found in adult life was described. A 35-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of unsteadiness. He had developed normally until he fell into the shock state induced by mismatch blood transfusion at the age of 15 months. Since then he has been @entity1032 moderately and had clumsiness of the skillful movement in the right hand. The other @entity16 was @entity427 only. Laboratory examination failed to disclose @entity209 . Both CT scan and MRI demonstrated numerous @entity5409 of various size spreading over bilateral cerebral white matter partially involving the inner layer of the cortex. On the contrary basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem were completely spared. The diagnosis of MCE was made from (1) anoxic- @entity63 episode in infancy, (2) static clinical picture and (3) characteristic distribution of @entity5409 . It is well known that MCE results from perinatal @entity519 , but it is a polyetiologic condition caused by various damages to immature brain of early infancy and usually results in severe @entity1155 . Nonetheless, it is intriguing in our case that marked discrepancy was found between morphological @entity51 . It is probable that at the age of 15 months the myelination of major projecting fibers was almost completed, but sufficient plasticity was preserved in immature brain. As a result, the @entity1 had the @entity51 in the minimum degree in spite of severe morphological change.

title: [ XXXX in an adult--a case report].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit', 'change and neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic defect']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity9872 :: ('MESH:D004678', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic encephalomalacia']

answer: @entity9872 :: (MESH:D004678,Disease) :: ['Multicystic encephalomalacia']


abstract: Animal model is of importance to further elucidate the pathogenesis of @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ). We envisioned a possibility that there might be the differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity55 by the trans-oral and trans-tracheal intratracheal instillations. We compared the LPS-induced early @entity32 responses by these two methods. The evaluative system included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid biochemical analysis and differential cell counting, lung wet/dry weight ratio and lung histology. In vitro studies were performed on @entity1 bronchial epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and alveolar Type II epithelial cell line A549 stimulated with LPS. Both @entity687 release in the BAL fluid and @entity687 secretions from NCI-H292 and A549 cells were measured. We found that the trans-tracheal intratracheal instillation promoted the LPS-induced cell injury, neutrophil infiltration, and @entity3126 compared to the trans-oral one. The LPS-induced pathological changes by the trans-oral intratracheal instillation were characterized by @entity3126 , but the trans-tracheal intratracheal instillation was exudative @entity3126 . More @entity687 is produced from A549 cells than from NCI-H292 cells under the treatment of LPS. The increased @entity687 release in the BAL fluid and enhanced @entity32 responses caused by LPS may be due to more LPS delivered into the alveolar spaces by the trans-tracheal intratracheal instillation compared to the trans-oral one. The trans-tracheal intratracheal instillation is proved to be more suitable to establish the @entity19 model of @entity647 than the trans-oral one and helpful to further elucidate the pathogenesis of @entity647 / @entity649 .

title: Comparative study of trans-oral and trans-tracheal intratracheal instillations in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary interstitial edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: We developed and validated an electrophysiological method for standardized preclinical assessment of the invasive potential of urothelial @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 UMUC-3, RT-112, HT-1197 and T24/83 bladder @entity189 cells, and UROtsa benign urothelial cells were co-cultivated with high resistance MDCK-C7 cells seeded below a 0.4  m pore membrane of an insert to avoid physical contact and cellular migration. Transepithelial electrical resistance in    cm(2) across the MDCK-C7 monolayer was measured longitudinally. Invasive potential coefficients were calculated based on the secretion of proteolytic factors by invading cells. RESULTS: Consistent transepithelial electrical resistance breakdown patterns were reproduced in 14 or more independent samples of each cell line. Coefficients of invasive potential were significantly higher in bladder @entity189 than UROtsa cells, including a mean    SD of 1.5    0.32 vs 9.9    4.97 in UMUC-3, 12.5    6.61 in T24/83, 20.5    4.24 in @entity1 and 21.0    5.15 in HT-1197 cells (p <0.001). No correlation was found between the secretion patterns of @entity23856 , and invasive potential. Stimulation of UROtsa cells with recombinant @entity1 epidermal growth factor up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion and significantly increased invasive potential a mean of 1.3    0.22 vs 14.6    3.28 after stimulation with 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a highly sensitive translational tool to study the initial process of metastatic spread of urothelial @entity150 . The presented electrophysiological invasion assay enables reliable quantification of the invasive potential of bladder @entity189 cells before physical transmigration. It can be used to identify key molecules for bladder @entity189 invasion and develop new therapeutic strategies.

title: Assessing the invasive potential of XXXX : development and validation of a new preclinical assay.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A major effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in @entity1 with @entity741 and impaired left ventricular (LV) contractile function is believed to be an improvement in LV function due to recovery of dysfunctional, but viable myocardium. However, recent studies have indicated a time limit for such a recovery. We therefore investigated the extent of viable myocardium in @entity1 with @entity1002 due to @entity741 after a prolonged strategy of medical treatment and its relation to changes in clinical variables after CABG. METHODS: Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with a mean duration of @entity63 heart symptoms of 9 years and LV ejection fraction (EF) <45% referred for CABG were included and LV extent of viable myocardium was measured preoperatively by @entity413 metabolism--blood flow positron emission tomography imaging and @entity452 stress echocardiography. Symptoms, exercise-capacity and LV function were evaluated before and 7 months after surgery in event-free survivors. RESULTS: LV extent of @entity296 was <30% in most @entity1 . In event-free survivors, LVEF decreased from 31+/-7 to 26+/-8% 7 months after CABG. The decrease in LVEF was correlated to the LV extent of myocardial metabolism--blood flow reverse mismatch. Most of the @entity1 experienced an improvement in their angina pectoris, @entity712 symptoms and exercise capacity after CABG; the overall 3-year survival was 77%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity741 and @entity1002 , in whom an initial long-standing conservative treatment has been practiced, benefit from CABG, despite a lack of LV functional reserve.

title: Prolonged XXXX and coronary artery bypass - relation to contractile reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of LV function', 'impaired LV function']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: Skin permeation of @entity15230 from pressure sensitive adhesive ( @entity53058 ) tape was evaluated using thermodynamic activity of the drug in @entity53058 . Three acrylic adhesives (Gelva 737, Gelva 1430 and Gelva 1753) were used as @entity53058 . Since the drug activity in @entity53058 is difficult to determine, however, a solubility index was defined. Several @entity53058 tapes containing different amounts of @entity15230 were prepared, and heat of fusion at the dissolution of @entity15230 in each @entity53058 was determined by DSC. No exothermic peak was found when the drug concentration was less than the solubility in @entity53058 , whereas the heat of fusion increased proportionally with amount of solid drug in the @entity53058 when the drug concentration was above the solubility. The bending point in the profile of heat of fusion versus @entity15230 content in @entity53058 was defined as the solubility index. In vitro skin permeation was determined using excised hairless @entity35 skin from @entity15230 -saturated @entity53058 tapes. The obtained skin permeation of the drug decreased with increases in the solubility index. These profiles were confirmed by a theoretical approach using the differential equation corresponding to Fick's second law of diffusion. These results suggested that the solubility index can be utilized for prediction of the skin permeability of drugs from @entity53058 tape.

title: Potential usefulness of solubility index for prediction of the skin permeation rate of XXXX from pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

answer: @entity15230 :: (MESH:C030397,Chemical) :: ['5-ISMN']


abstract: Anatomic abnormalities of the pharynx are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity27 ( @entity27 ), but their contribution has never been conclusively proven. The present study tested this anatomic hypothesis by comparing the mechanics of the paralyzed pharynx in @entity27 @entity1 and in normal subjects. According to evaluation of @entity387 ( @entity387 ) by nocturnal oximetry, subjects were divided into three groups: normal group (n = 17), @entity387 -1 (n = 18), and @entity387 -2 (n = 22). The static pressure-area relationship of the passive pharynx was quantified under general anesthesia with complete @entity912 . Age and body mass index were matched among the three groups. The site of the primary closure was the velopharynx in 49 subjects and the oropharynx in only 8 subjects. Distribution of the location of the primary closure did not differ among the groups. Closing pressure (PC) of the velopharynx for @entity387 -1 and @entity387 -2 groups (0.90 +/- 1.34 and 2.78 +/- 2.78 cm @entity2507 , respectively) was significantly higher than that for the normal group (-3.77 +/- 3.44 cm @entity2507 ; P < 0.01). Maximal velopharyngeal area for the normal group (2.10 +/- 0.85 cm2) was significantly greater than for @entity387 -1 and @entity387 -2 groups (1.15 +/- 0.46 and 1.06 +/- 0.75 cm2, respectively). The shape of the pressure-area curve for the velopharynx differed between normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity387 , being steeper in slope near Pc in @entity1 with @entity387 . Multivariate analysis of mechanical parameters and @entity26 desaturation index (ODI) revealed that velopharyngeal Pc was the only variable highly correlated with ODI. Velopharyngeal Pc was associated with oropharyngeal Pc, suggesting mechanical interdependence of these segments. We conclude that the passive pharynx is more narrow and collapsible in sleep-apneic @entity1 than in matched controls and that velopharyngeal Pc is the principal correlate of the frequency of nocturnal desaturations.

title: Anatomy of pharynx in @entity1 with XXXX and in normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity5 were examined for the presence of @entity1082 ) DNA by using Southern blot hybridization. In 20 male @entity1 with @entity6205 , @entity9273 was found at 85% (17/20), HPV type 11 at 95% (19/20), @entity9273 at 5% (1/20) and HPV type 18 at 0% (0/20). In 2 female @entity1 with @entity6205 , HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 were found at 100% (2/2), 100% (2/2), 50% (1/2) and 0% (0/2), respectively. All 6 of the @entity1 who were positive for @entity9273 , were also positive for HPV type 11. Two @entity1 were positive for HPV types 6, 11 and 16, the last of which was frequently found in @entity5 and @entity5 . In 6 @entity1 with @entity5 , two @entity1 were positive for @entity9273 and negative for HPV types 6, 11 and 18. The remaining 4 @entity1 were negative for all these HPV types. One @entity1 who was positive for @entity9273 had @entity5 after three previous episodes of penile @entity6205 . From this information, a malignant change in the @entity6205 was assumed to indicate the possible association of @entity9273 with the process of @entity528 . HPV types, 6, 11, 16 and 18 were not detected in a female @entity1 with @entity5 . Although HPV was thought to participate in the development of @entity5 except for external @entity5 , all @entity1 examined, consisting of 2 with @entity1067 , 5 with @entity263 and 24 with @entity150 , were negative for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Eight @entity1 with @entity150 were negative for HPV type 33.

title: [Studies of @entity1082 ) in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma acuminatum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer', 'vulvar cancer', 'genital tumors', 'Urological tumors', 'urological tumors', 'uterine cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urological tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4817 is an idiopathic @entity1897 leading to @entity455 , recurrent @entity548 , and tractional @entity1713 . It is an elusive cause of @entity1939 in young, otherwise healthy individuals. We studied the effects of intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) in @entity1 of @entity4817 , which may eventually reduce the side effects and cost of management, with results equivalent to or better than oral @entity230 . METHODS: Ethics approval and prior @entity1 consent were obtained. @entity941 fundus angiograms (FFAs) of 12 eyes of 12 @entity4817 @entity1 were taken before enrolment. These @entity1 received 0.1 ml of 40 mg/ml (4 mg) intravitreal @entity2713 through pars plana under topical anaesthesia. Regular weekly follow-ups were initiated to ascertain Snellen visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldman tonometer, and triple mirror examination. @entity941 fundus angiography was again performed in the 8th week to monitor response to treatment. Decrease in areas of late perivascular dye extravasation on @entity941 angiography was used as marker for improvement. RESULTS: Ten out of a total of 12 (83.33%) eyes treated with IVTA showed significant reduction of late leakage from retinal vessels on @entity941 fundus angiography. Two out of 12 eyes (16.67%) did not show considerable decrease in late perivascular @entity941 dye leakage after 8 weeks of intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Two @entity1 (16.67%) had a significant rise in IOP after IVTA. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal @entity230 may be advocated for management of @entity4816 without complications of systemic @entity230 , and minimize need for more invasive procedures.

title: Intravitreal @entity230 may facilitate treatment of XXXX ( @entity4816 ): an interventional case series.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative vascular retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4817 :: ('MESH:C538011', 'Disease') :: ["Eales' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral perivasculitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity4817 :: (MESH:C538011,Disease) :: ['Eales' disease']


abstract: Both @entity935 D1-like (D1A and D1B) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptor subfamilies are present in the kidney. Blockade of the intrarenal D1-like receptor family is associated with natriuresis and diuresis. Because the D1A and D1B receptor subtypes are not distinguishable by currently available dopaminergic agents, their functional role remains undefined. In the present study, the effect of selective inhibition of the renal D1A receptor with phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) was investigated in conscious uninephrectomized @entity35 . After renal interstitial administration of Texas red-labeled D1A receptor AS-ODN, intense fluorescent signal was localized in the renal tubular epithelium and vasculature. In @entity35 on normal salt intake, AS-ODN injected interstitially into the kidney reduced daily urinary @entity1372 excretion (1.4+/-0.04 versus 0.8+/-0.2 mEq/d, n=5, P<0.05) and urine output (16.9+/-3.8 versus 12.5+/-3.6 mL/d, n=5, P<0.05). In @entity35 on high @entity1372 intake, continuous renal interstitial administration of D1A receptor AS-ODN transiently decreased daily urinary @entity1372 excretion (5.4+/-0.5 versus 4.2+/-0.3 mEq/d, n=7, P<0.01) and urine output (27.6+/-4.5 versus 18.1+/-1.8 mL/d, n=7, P<0.01). Neither vehicle nor sense oligodeoxynucleotide had significant effects. Systolic blood pressure remained unchanged. The renal D1A receptor protein was significantly decreased by 35% and 46% at the end of the study in AS-ODN-treated @entity35 on normal and high salt intake, respectively, whereas the D1B receptor and @entity4644 were not affected. These results provide the first direct evidence that the renal D1A receptor subtype plays an important role in the control of @entity1372 excretion.

title: Selective inhibition of the renal @entity935 subtype D1A receptor induces antinatriuresis in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate microscopic measures of @entity32 in @entity309 synovial tissue samples selected at arthroscopy compared with those obtained blindly by needle biopsy from the suprapatellar pouch (SPP) of the same joint. METHODS: Samples were selected at knee arthroscopy from the SPP and the lateral and medial gutters. Immediately following arthroscopy, a biopsy needle was inserted through the same portal into the SPP by a second investigator, and 3 further samples were obtained blindly. Using standard immunohistologic methods, all samples were analyzed by a single investigator without knowledge of the original tissue location and biopsy technique. Following staining with anti-CD3 and anti- @entity469 monoclonal antibodies, T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration were measured by quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Synovial tissues from 14 @entity1 were analyzed. In comparing microscopic measures of @entity32 using the 2 procedures, mean scores of lining cell depth and the percentage of @entity469 + cells in the lining layer correlated positively (tau = 0.59, P = 0.003 and tau = 0.73, P = 0.0003, respectively). In the sublining layer, CD3+ cell counts also correlated significantly (tau = 0.71, P = 0.0004). Sublining @entity469 + cell counts did not correlate. This was explained by the observation that @entity469 + cell infiltration in areas adjacent to articular cartilage was significantly greater than in the SPP (P = 0.01), suggesting preferential trafficking to this site by macrophages, but not by T lymphocytes. Macroscopic appearance at arthroscopy did not predict microscopic features. CONCLUSION: Most microscopic measures of @entity32 in synovial tissue samples obtained blindly from the SPP were similar to those determined in samples selected at arthroscopy. However, measurements in samples from the SPP may underestimate the intensity of macrophage infiltration in areas more adjacent to cartilage. These observations have important implications for future study of macrophage function in synovial tissue.

title: Quantitative microscopic analysis of XXXX in @entity309 synovial membrane samples selected at arthroscopy compared with samples obtained blindly by needle biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of long-term (3.2 years) @entity353 on serum levels of the nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors interleukin (IL)-18 and @entity1495 . Moreover, we wanted to assess the significance of the magnitude of the @entity353 and evaluate the potential effects of 36 months of treatment with the lipase inhibitor @entity350 on these parameters. Sixty-eight abdominally @entity28 subjects completed 8 weeks of very low energy diet (600-800 kcal/d) followed by 36 months of randomized treatment with either @entity350 or placebo together with lifestyle intervention. Serum levels of @entity8923 , @entity1495 , and leptin were measured by flowmetric xMAP technology (Luminex, Austin, TX). Changes in the levels of @entity8923 , @entity1495 , and leptin were similar in the @entity350 and the placebo group during this study. Thus, the 2 groups were combined for further analysis. A @entity353 of 8.4 +/- 8.8 kg from baseline to 3.2 years was associated with significant decreases in @entity8923 (P < .001), @entity1495 (P < .01), and leptin (P < .001). @entity1495 was, however, significantly increased after 8 weeks of very low energy diet-induced @entity353 (P < .05). The long-term changes in @entity8923 were significantly associated with changes in body mass index independent of changes in blood pressure and lipids (P < .05). Levels and changes of @entity8923 and @entity1495 were significantly positively associated at 3.2 years (P < .01). Long-term changes in leptin were significantly associated with changes in @entity8923 (P < .01) at 3.2 years. Diet-induced long-term @entity353 decreased @entity8923 and @entity1495 . The decrease in @entity8923 was associated with changes in body mass index independent of changes in blood pressure and lipids, indicating that even a minor @entity353 (>5%) has beneficial effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk markers. @entity350 treatment had no independent effects on @entity8923 , @entity1495 , or leptin in the present study.

title: Long-term XXXX decreases the nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors interleukin-18 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity28 subjects.

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat', 'orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: Improved functional results can be obtained by construction of a @entity694 after coloanal @entity254 . Variability in pouch size following coloanal @entity254 is prevalent in current literature. In this study, the authors compare clinical bowel function after complete rectal excision with coloanal @entity254 for @entity1 with @entity189 using either a small 6-cm or a large 10-cm @entity694 @entity254 . The clinical outcome is assessed both at short-term and long-term follow-up. METHODS: Fifty-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 4 to 8 cm from the anal verge were recruited into the study. @entity1 were randomized intraoperatively to either a 6-cm J-pouch group or a 10-cm J-pouch group. Clinical assessments were performed prospectively at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, following colostomy closure. Clinical parameters such as frequency, urgency, continence, and laxative and enema use were assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical differences in the mean defecation frequency, urgency, and fecal continence between the two groups at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. In the first year, laxative and enema use between the two groups was negligible; however at two years, 30 percent of @entity1 with a large reservoir compared with 10 percent of @entity1 in the small-pouch group required laxative and/or enema for @entity1142 and evacuation of bowels. CONCLUSION: Similar clinical results can be expected from @entity1 with either small or large reservoirs at one year. However, with long-term follow-up, @entity1 with a large reservoir are more likely to require medication for @entity1142 and evacuation. To avoid these inconveniences a small reservoir is advocated for @entity1 undergoing coloanal @entity254 .

title: Prospective, randomized study comparing clinical results between small and large XXXX following coloanal @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic J-pouch']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic J-pouch']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that intranigral transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue and nigrostriatal administration of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) restores striatal @entity935 input in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 . Since it has been found that @entity10157 is highly expressed in fetal kidney, we examined the possibility that fetal kidney tissue may provide trophic support, similar to @entity10157 , to an intranigral @entity935 (DA) transplant and restore the nigrostriatal pathway. Adult @entity35 were anesthetized and unilaterally injected with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) into the medial forebrain bundle. @entity75 was evaluated by measuring @entity4944 -induced rotation. One month after @entity2955 lesioning, fetal VM cells were grafted into the lesioned nigral area followed by transplantation of fetal kidney tissue or vehicle along a pathway from nigra to striatum. Animals receiving these transplants showed a significant decrease both in @entity4944 -induced rotation and in postural asymmetry 1 to 3 months after grafting. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) positive fiber tracts in the lesioned striatum. Control animals that received vehicle injection after the intranigral graft or no transplantation showed no alterations in @entity4944 -induced turning and no TH-positive fibers in the lesioned striatum. These results indicate that combinations of fetal nigral and kidney transplants may restore the nigrostriatal DA pathway in @entity191 @entity35 . As fetal kidney contains a variety of trophic proteins, it may provide a synergistic admixture to optimally promote DA fiber outgrowth.

title: Fetal intra-nigral ventral mesencephalon and kidney tissue bridge transplantation restores the nigrostriatal XXXX pathway in hemi- @entity191 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Completeness of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity137 profile of prolonged infusions of @entity1311 in combination with @entity786 in metastatic @entity0 has already been defined. The objective of this dose-finding study was to determine the maximum tolerable doses (MTDs) of shorter (three-hour) infusions of @entity1311 in combination with i.v. bolus @entity786 in @entity1 who had previously received a maximum of one chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 . The @entity21035 of the same regimen with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) support was then established. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received a total of 352 fully evaluable courses of therapy. The starting doses were @entity1311 135 mg/m2 and @entity786 750 mg/m2 given every three weeks. At least three @entity1 were treated at each dose level and if there were dose-limiting toxic effects during the first cycles three additional @entity1 were entered. @entity1261 support (5 micrograms/kg s.c.) was added to the second cycle if specific dose-limiting @entity137 had occurred during the first cycle. The @entity21035 was defined as the dose level at which more than two of six @entity1 presented dose-limiting @entity137 during the first cycle. RESULT: @entity1398 (n = 4) and severe @entity882 (n = 1) defined the MTDs of @entity1311 as 200 mg/ m2 and of @entity786 as 2,000 mg/m2 with or without @entity1261 in @entity1 with and, respectively, without prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Non-hematologic @entity137 was moderate. Recommended doses were 200 mg/m2 of @entity1311 and 1,750 mg/m2 of @entity786 with or without @entity1261 in @entity1 with and, respectively, without prior chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 25% and 50%, respectively, in @entity1 with and without prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Complete remissions (9%) were reported only in @entity1 without prior chemotherapy; antitumour activity in @entity1 with @entity4349 -resistant disease, with an 8% response rate (95% CI: 1%-26%), was poor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 at 200 mg/m2 and @entity786 at 1,750 mg/m2 can be safely administered every three weeks to @entity1 with @entity0 . The moderate antitumour activity observed with the schedule tested argues against its use as initial therapy for @entity0 .

title: Dose-finding study of XXXX and @entity786 in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'advanced breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1799 @entity281 has been proven to be associated with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and is probably the main reason of the reported increase in the incidence. The role of high-risk (HR) HPV for @entity105 of other sites in the head and neck awaits confirmation. With the aim to evaluate the prevalence of @entity281 and the reliability of different diagnostic tools in @entity957 of different sites, 109 consecutive untreated head and neck @entity957 were enrolled, and fresh @entity5 samples collected. METHODS: @entity1082 DNA was detected by Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). @entity1082 E6 and E7 mRNA were detected by NucliSENS EasyQ HPVv1. @entity986 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In all, 12.84% of cases were infected by HR genotypes and 1.84% by low-risk genotypes. @entity1799 accounted for 87% of @entity281 . The overall agreement between DNA and RNA detection is 99.1%. Although @entity986 expression clearly correlates with @entity281 (P=0.0051), the inter-rater agreement is poor (k=0.27). The oropharynx showed the highest HR @entity281 rate (47.6%) and was also the only site in which @entity986 immunohistochemistry revealed to be a fair, but not excellent, diagnostic assay (k=0.61). CONCLUSION: The prognostic role of HR @entity281 in oropharyngeal oncology, with its potential clinical applications, underscores the need for a consensus on the most appropriate detection methods. The present results suggest that viral mRNA detection could be the standard for fresh samples, whereas DNA detection could be routinely used in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples.

title: HPV XXXX arising from different mucosal sites of the head and neck region. Is @entity986 immunohistochemistry a reliable surrogate marker?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'HPV infection', 'HR infections']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['infection in squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The effect of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) on @entity1398 , infection, and cytotoxic chemotherapy administration was studied in a randomized trial in @entity1 receiving intensive weekly chemotherapy for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Eighty @entity1 (aged 16 to 71 years) with high-grade @entity1893 (Kiel) of any stage were randomized to receive VAPEC-B chemotherapy alone (39 @entity1 ) or with @entity1261 administered as a daily subcutaneous dose of 230 micrograms/m2 (41 @entity1 ). Prophylactic @entity3102 and @entity799 were administered to all @entity1 throughout treatment. The protocol specified identical dose modification and antibiotic treatment criteria bor both groups. @entity1398 (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 15 of 41 (37%) of the @entity1261 -treated @entity1 and in 33 of 39 (85%) of the controls, giving a relative risk for control @entity1 of 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], [1.51, 3.54]; P = .00001). Fever (greater than or equal to 37.5 degrees C) with @entity1398 (ANC less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 9 of 41 (22%) of the @entity1261 group and in 17 of 39 (44%) of the controls (relative risk for control, 2.26; 95% CI [1.01, 5.06]; P = .04). There were fewer treatment delays, with shorter duration (P = .01) in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 . Chemotherapy doses were reduced in 4 of 41 (10%) of the @entity1261 @entity1 and 13 of 39 (33%) of the controls (P = .01). The dose intensity of cytotoxic chemotherapy was significantly increased in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 (median of 95% in @entity1261 group compared with 83% in control @entity1 ). Three @entity204 occurred in the @entity1261 group. Delays in the control group most commonly resulted from @entity1398 (19 @entity1 , compared with 2 @entity1 in the @entity1261 -treated group, P = .000007). Severe @entity33 was the major dose-limiting @entity137 in @entity1261 -treated @entity1 , but did not occur more frequently than in controls (15 @entity1 in each group). Overall, @entity1 randomized to receive @entity1261 achieved a greater dose intensity than control @entity1 , but this did not result in significant differences in drug @entity137 (other than @entity1398 ), intravenous antibiotic usage, or hospitalization between the two groups.

title: XXXX to prevent dose-limiting @entity1398 in @entity1893 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular deaths']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Five @entity1 with persistent hypoglycaemia due to @entity3190 were reported. Provocative tests for insulin release were unhelpful. @entity6335 was useful in the treatment of three @entity1 but many side-effects were observed. These included @entity1910 , @entity12737 , @entity810 , fluid retention and @entity712 . Two @entity1 underwent spontaneous remission. Three @entity1 had @entity11448 , two of whom were subjected to 95% pancreatectomy. Postoperatively, recurrence of hypoglycaemia was due to @entity3190 in one @entity1 and to presumed @entity15669 in the other. @entity3174 effectively corrected the hypoglycaemia in the @entity1 who had postoperative @entity3190 . It is recommended that medical therapy with @entity6335 (10-15 mg/kg per day) together with a diuretic be commenced once @entity3190 is diagnosed. Subtotal pancreatectomy should be performed early in these @entity1 if hypoglycaemia cannot be controlled with medical therapy or if side-effects of treatment are documented.

title: XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['glucagon deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['petechial rash']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazoxide', 'diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinism']


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity1002 due to @entity378 was referred to our hospital, because chest radiography showed diffuse miliary shadows in the bilateral lung fields, and acid-fast bacilli were detected from his hemosputum after @entity134 therapy for fever of unknown origin. Chest computed tomography showed mediastinal lymph node enlargement with partial calcification of these lymph nodes together with the presence of air. He was diagnosed with @entity9758 and @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 and anti- @entity378 drug therapy was started. Massive @entity6552 occurred 11 days after the start of the treatment. Although gastroendoscopy was performed, the @entity548 point could not be identified. The @entity1 's symptoms improved after conservative therapy. Repeat gastroendoscopy showed a submucosal nodule with laceration of the esophageal mucosa, 30 days after admission for the examination of melena and progression of @entity417 . The episodes occurred because of esophageal perforation secondary to @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 . Bronchoscopic examination for hemosputum showed an @entity198 in the left tracheal wall. These symptoms improved with anti- @entity378 drug therapy. In our case, mediastinal @entity3298 progressed to @entity9758 because of endogenous reactivation. We report a rare case of esophageal perforation with a tracheal inflammatory polyp secondary to @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 . In cases of @entity378 mediastinal @entity3298 , if @entity6552 or hemosputum is observed, an endoscopic examination should be performed.

title: [Case of @entity9758 with esophageal perforation and a tracheal inflammatory polyp secondary to mediastinal XXXX causing massive @entity6552 and hemosputum].

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polypoid lesion']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left nephrectomy']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: Ninety-five @entity1 with perforation, @entity548 or @entity850 due to duodenal @entity1066 were treated by extended parietal cell vagotomy. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3.5 to 10 years (mean 6 years) in 88 @entity1 (92%) with acute perforation (60), @entity548 (8) and @entity850 (20). There was no operative mortality. Ulcer recurrence was 2.3%. Only one @entity1 (5%) had @entity256 and required reoperation. There was no recurrent @entity548 and there were few long-term complications. According to the Visick classification, 67 @entity1 (76%) belonged to grade I, 13 (14.7%) grade II, 4 (4.5%) grade III, and 4 (4.5%) grade IV. Extended parietal cell vagotomy proved to be safe with excellent results, low @entity1066 recurrence and few complications. Moreover, recurrent @entity1066 healed rapidly following medical therapy. The authors believe that extended parietal cell vagotomy should be the treatment of choice for acute perforation, @entity548 or @entity850 due to duodenal @entity1066 .

title: Extended parietal cell vagotomy in the treatment of perforation, @entity548 and @entity850 due to duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) is common in @entity130 @entity1 , and @entity281 represents an important and treatable source of @entity1850 . @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), an acute phase protein, is elevated in @entity281 and discriminates between infected and uninfected @entity1 in other @entity1 populations. Our goal was to examine the ability of @entity1851 and other commonly used markers of @entity281 (maximum temperature [Tmax], and white blood cell count [WBC]) to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious causes of @entity1850 . METHODS: This was a prospective study of a consecutive series of @entity130 @entity1 who spent greater than 48 hours in the intensive care unit. Studied variables included @entity1851 , Tmax, WBC, and culture-proven @entity281 compared with standard definitions of @entity281 and the presence of @entity1850 . The ability of these variables to correctly classify @entity1 as infected (INF) or not infected was examined by using receiver operating characteristic curves. Values on the day of @entity281 diagnosis in the INF group and on postadmission day 5 (the mean day of onset of @entity281 in the INF group) in the not infected group were used. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to examine the relative contributions of Tmax and @entity1851 in predicting @entity281 . Significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 were admitted over a 4-month period. Of these, 35 @entity1 (59%) had @entity1850 at the time of comparison (29 INF, 6 not infected). Thirty-three @entity1 (56%) developed an @entity281 . Both @entity1851 and Tmax discriminated between @entity1 with and without @entity281 whereas WBC did not (areas under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.86, 0.81, and 0.47, respectively). In @entity1 with @entity1850 , cutoff values of 17 mg/dL for @entity1851 (specificity 100%) and 102 degrees F for Tmax (specificity 83%) were identified. @entity1851 added significant discriminatory power to Tmax in determining presence of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1850 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Infection must be presumed to be the source of @entity1850 in @entity1 with @entity1851 more than 17 mg/dL and Tmax more than 102 degrees F after postinjury day 4. WBC is not useful in determining the presence of @entity281 .

title: XXXX in the @entity130 intensive care unit: who is infected?

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C-Reactive protein']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: @entity1188 on aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) poses significant challenges because of their degenerate morphology and presence of significant @entity715 . Of 370 acute, primary, or rescue @entity583 angioplasties performed over 3 years, 21 (5.7%) were on SVGs in @entity1 who had undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting a mean of 7.2 years earlier. Mean duration of @entity662 to start of intervention was 3.9 +/- 3.2 hours; 6 (29%) @entity1 presented with @entity299 and 4 had failed treatment with thrombolytic drugs. At intervention, 11 (52%) of the culprit SVGs were totally occluded. Flow was reestablished or improved in 18 (86%), but classified as Thrombolysis In @entity583 trial grade 3 in only 10 @entity1 (48%). Distal embolization and "no reflow" occurred with a frequency of 57% and 71%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 19%. At 6 months, freedom from @entity204 , repeat target vessel revascularization, or recurrent @entity583 was 55%. In 349 @entity1 undergoing native vessel intervention, success and Thrombolysis In @entity583 trial 3 flow rates were seen in 95% and 73% of @entity1 , respectively, and in-hospital mortality was 7.9%. This present study demonstrates that @entity1188 angioplasty on culprit SVGs can be successful but is associated with higher rates of @entity887 and worse acute and long-term clinical outcomes compared with a parallel experience of @entity1188 on native coronary arteries.

title: Angiographic and clinical outcomes following XXXX on saphenous vein grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['acute infarct angioplasty', 'infarct', 'Acute infarct angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['acute infarct angioplasty']


abstract: The @entity2359 effects of long-term, low-level exposure to the commercially available insecticide, @entity3434 , were examined in the present study. Young (2 month) adult, male Long-Evans @entity35 were dermally exposed to Fenthion (25 mg/kg, 3X week) and sampled after 2 and 10 months exposure to assess @entity2359 in the hippocampus using morphological and biochemical endpoints. Histopathology, consisting of @entity5219 , swollen and necrotic neurons, and cell dropout, occurred in the dentate gyrus (DG), @entity16711 (hilus), and @entity1251 sectors as early as 2 months postexposure. @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) staining of brain tissues taken at this time was severely reduced in the septal nuclei, the DG molecular layer, the @entity16711 , and the hippocampus proper. After 10 months exposure to Fenthion, cellular @entity39 and @entity5219 intensified in the @entity16711 and @entity1251 regions and occasionally involved the @entity1250 . Radiometric assays of @entity4833 activity in the hippocampus indicated a 65 and 85% @entity308 after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. @entity39896 binding for the hippocampal muscarinic receptor was reduced by 6 and 15%, after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. A separate group of older (12 month) @entity35 was exposed to the same dosing regimen of Fenthion and examined for @entity16 after 2 and 10 months exposure. Aged animals exposed for only 2 months expressed severe @entity528 in a pattern similar to that seen in the young adult after 10 months exposure (viz., DG, @entity16711 , @entity1251 ). Aged animals exposed for 10 months showed more extensive histopathology of the @entity16711 -2 and occasionally @entity1249 . These observations indicate that in both young adult and aged animals, subchronic, low-level exposure to anticholinesterase compounds can result in serious @entity2359 consequences to the @entity1 hippocampus.

title: The @entity2359 of subchronic @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) inhibition in XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathological damage']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'Acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity39896 :: ('MESH:D011813', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinuclidinyl benzilate']

entities_list: @entity3434 :: ('MESH:D005284', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenthion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic', 'neurotoxic damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overall results from Cognitive Remediation (CR) indicate robust and long-lasting effects with medium effect size on global cognition and functioning, and a small ES on symptoms present at post-treatment but not at follow-up. However, results are not the same in all CR therapies and in some cases no efficacy results are achieved. AIMS: To develop an integrative intervention taking into account previous efficacious therapies. To evaluate the efficacy of our cognitive remediation group training: Problem Solving and Cognitive Flexibility training (REPYFLEC), with the aim of improving cognition and functioning in @entity161 @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 or @entity914 (n=62) were randomized to 32 group sessions of REPYFLEC CR, or to 32 group sessions of activities without specific objectives and focused on leisure. In both groups the sessions were conducted twice a week. Functioning and psychiatric symptoms were measured at baseline (week 0) and thereafter at 8, 16 and 40 weeks. Cognition was measured at weeks 0, 16 and 40. Mixed Models were used to estimate statistical differences. RESULTS: @entity1 in the cognitive remediation group demonstrated significant improvements in executive function, negative symptoms and functioning at post-treatment compared with @entity1 in the control group. At 6-month follow-up, significant improvements in executive function and functioning remained. CONCLUSION: These results apparently show that REPYFLEC works as cognitive remediation training, improving executive thinking and functioning outcomes compared with a control group.

title: REPYFLEC cognitive remediation group training in XXXX : Looking for an integrative approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The present investigation was designed to study the interaction of temperature, @entity3303 , and @entity63 during intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) of the arm. Five volunteers were studied during exposure of one of their arms to four different experimental conditions: @entity2332 and @entity63 ; @entity2332 , @entity63 , and @entity3303 ; normothermia and @entity63 ; normothermia, @entity63 , and @entity3303 . Each subject was tested on four different occasions with only one test condition imposed per occasion and with 3 or more days between experiments. Somatosensory evoked responses (SERs) and muscle responses to ulnar nerve stimulation were measured, and sensory testing was done to determine whether the neural effects of the particular treatments differed. Anesthesia developed sooner and was more extensive when local anesthetic was injected. A 5-10 degrees C decrease in tissue temperature did not accentuate the anesthetic effects of @entity3303 as determined by time to @entity1109 . With @entity63 alone, anesthesia of the finger tips with preservation of sensation on the arm was observed in all subjects 20 min after tourniquet inflation. Anesthesia at all cutaneous test sites was achieved in 7 of 10 @entity3303 experiments; no systematic order of sensory loss, such as progression from distal to proximal sites, was observed. Decrease in limb temperature slowed the development of @entity3303 effects on evoked responses and recovery from the effect. Under conditions of @entity63 , deterioration of sensation generally began earlier under cold rather than warm conditions. Primary differences between changes in the SERs and muscle responses under condition of @entity63 versus @entity63 and @entity3303 were the rate and magnitude of change of potential latency and amplitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction of @entity3303 and XXXX in Bier blocks in volunteers.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of pinprick and touch sensation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: @entity1955 (T4) uptake from amniotic fluid was investigated in fetal @entity742 . Samples of fetal and maternal blood and of amniotic fluid were obtained from indwelling catheters at specific intervals after intra-amniotic injection of T4. T4 and reverse @entity3938 ( @entity3938 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal levels of T4 were 7.3 +/- 0.92, less than 2, and 6.28 +/- 0.49 microgram/dl in the fetus, amniotic fluid, and ewe, respectively. Basal levels of @entity3938 were 3,858 +/- 214, 189 +/- 62, and 385 +/- 20 pg/ml in the fetus, amniotic fluid, and ewe, respectively. T4 and @entity3938 rose progressively in the fetus with maximum concentrations of 25 to 30 microgram/dl T4 by 10 hours and 11,000 to 14,000 pg/ml @entity3938 by 20 hours after intra-amniotic injection of 500 microgram of T4. These concentrations returned toward baseline by 50 and 70 hours for T4 and @entity3938 , respectively. The increase of fetal T4 was proportional to the amount of T4 injected in a range of 250 and 2,500 microgram. Esophageal ligation abolished the changes in fetal T4 but not @entity3938 . Amniotic fluid @entity3938 increased with time after intra-amniotic injection of T4 and returned to baseline long after amniotic fluid T4 had reached basal levels. This pattern persisted despite esophageal ligation. T4 was converted to @entity3938 during incubation in amniotic fluid in vitro. It is concluded that (1) substantial amounts of T4 are taken up by fetal fetal @entity742 from the amniotic fluid by deglutition, (2) increases in fetal concentrations of T4 and @entity3938 are related to the amount of T4 added to the amniotic fluid, (3) amniotic fluid and fetal @entity3938 concentrations increase following intra-amniotic injection of T4 in the absence of significant uptake of T4 by the fetus, and (4) significant amounts of T4 may be converted to @entity3938 in vitro during incubation of T4 in amniotic fluid.

title: @entity1955 uptake and metabolism by fetal @entity742 after intra-amniotic XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Thyroxine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and short-term outcomes of three-stage minimally invasive surgery for @entity31 . METHODS: Using a prospective database, we identified all @entity1 with @entity31 who underwent minimally invasive surgery for both subtotal colectomy and subsequent ileal pouch-anal @entity254 at our institution from 2000 to 2007. Demographics and short-term outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: During seven years, 50 @entity1 underwent minimally invasive subtotal colectomy for @entity31 ; 50 percent were male, with a median age of 34 years. All @entity1 had refractory @entity1960 : 96 percent were taking @entity230 , 76 percent were recently hospitalized, 59 percent had >/=5 kg weight loss, 57 percent had @entity417 that required transfusions, 30 percent were on biologic-based therapy, and 96 percent had >/=1 severe Truelove _ Witts' criteria. Of these 50 procedures, 72 percent were performed by using laparoscopic-assisted and 28 percent with hand-assisted techniques. The conversion rate was 6 percent. Subsequently, minimally invasive completion proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 was performed in 42 @entity1 with a 2.3 percent conversion rate. Median length of stay after each procedure was four days. There was one @entity834 and no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A staged, minimally invasive approach for @entity1 with @entity31 is technically feasible, safe, and reasonable operative strategy, which yields short postoperative length of stay.

title: Minimally invasive subtotal colectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for XXXX : a reasonable approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'fulminant ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['fulminant ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a well-established animal model for the @entity1 syndrome, @entity15 . @entity56 has striking histological, electrophysiological and clinical analogies with @entity15 and is a valuable animal model for the preclinical pharmacotherapeutical development of new putative therapeutic agents. In this paper, we describe a neurotrophic repair approach in Lewis @entity35 suffering from @entity56 . The neurotrophic peptide used is a degradation resistant adrenocorticotrophic hormone4-9 analog. The development of @entity56 was examined using a combination of clinical, functional and electrophysiological parameters including somatosensory and motor evoked potentials. The latencies and amplitudes of the various evoked potentials can provide quantitative, objective data regarding the involvement of different nerve tracts in @entity56 and the effectiveness of the neurotrophic peptide. Repeated subcutaneous injections of the neurotrophic peptide suppressed the development of @entity56 -related clinical symptoms, markedly improved motor performance and reduced the reaction time upon thermal stimulation as compared to saline-treated @entity56 animals during a 17 week follow-up study. Prolonged onset latencies of corticomotor evoked potentials and peak latencies of somatosensory evoked potentials due to the @entity17 were normalized upon peptide treatment. In addition, peptide treatment substantially prevented total blocking of the corticomotor pathway in @entity56 -animals and reduced the attenuation of sensory evoked potentials-related peak amplitudes as compared to saline-treated animals. The functional and electrophysiological improvements observed in @entity56 -animals treated with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone4-9 analog, suggest that a neurotrophic repair approach could be of great value to promote the restoration of function in a disabling @entity17 .

title: Functional and neurophysiological evidence of the efficacy of trophic pharmacotherapy using an adrenocorticotrophic hormone4-9 analog in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disorder', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CEAE', 'Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The relative proportions of lymphocytes and their subsets in @entity1548 associated with untreated @entity4500 and endodontically treated @entity4500 were compared. Nine @entity1548 associated with previously untreated @entity4500 and six persistent lesions associated with previously root treated @entity4500 which had good quality root canal fillings and coronal seals were selected from a total of 41 samples. Clinical and radiographic features of each lesion were recorded. Serial frozen sections were stained using immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies against @entity2225 , CD3, @entity404 and @entity405 to identify B, T, T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) lymphocytes, respectively. Ten microscopic fields, representing the most dense cellular inflammatory infiltrate were selected per specimen and cell numbers were estimated, as a proportion of lesion area, using a point counting method. The @entity1548 associated with untreated @entity4500 had a denser inflammatory cell infiltrate. The proportion of total lymphocytes was significantly higher in the untreated group of lesions (P < 0.01). The proportions of B (P < 0.01), T (P < 0.001) and Th cells (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in untreated @entity4500 . The ratios of Th/Ts cells (P < 0.05) and T/total lymphocytes (P < 0.01) were also significantly different between the two types of lesion. The results show a difference in the inflammatory cell infiltrate and relative proportions of T, B and T helper cells in the two groups of lesions. This indicates that future studies of @entity1548 should take into account the clinical history of the associated @entity4500 .

title: Quantitative analysis of lymphocytes and their subsets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

answer: @entity1548 :: (MESH:D010483,Disease) :: ['periapical lesions']


abstract: This study examined whether priming with social deception affects responses ( @entity158 estimates, self-reported sympathy, inclination to help) towards others' @entity158 . We further explored whether the priming effect is mediated by the valence of the @entity1 (positive/negative), as indicated by the @entity1 . First, @entity1 (N=55) took part in an 'independent' delayed memory study in which they read either a neutral text about the use of the health care system (neutral condition) or a text about its misuse (social deception condition). Second, @entity1 watched videos of @entity158 @entity1 performing @entity158 -inducing activities. @entity1 rated the @entity1 ' @entity158 , the sympathy felt for the @entity1 , and the inclination to help the @entity1 . Third, the @entity1 re-estimated @entity1 ' @entity158 when @entity1 ' self-report of @entity158 was provided. Fourth, pictures of the @entity1 were shown and @entity1 indicated the valence of the @entity1 (positive/negative). Results revealed no direct effect of priming with social deception. However, priming with social deception was related to less positive rating of the valence of the @entity1 , that were related to lower ratings on @entity158 and sympathy, and to larger discrepancies between the ratings of the @entity1 and the observers. The results indicate that observers attribute @entity158 , feel less sympathy, and take @entity1 ' self-reported @entity158 intensity less into account when the @entity1 are evaluated less positively, which is likely to occur when a cognitive scheme of social deception is primed.

title: Impact of being primed with social deception upon observer responses to others' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']