abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between serum @entity412 levels and @entity5 risk. METHODS: The @entity209 and @entity5 project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden; the current study included data on 257,585 @entity1 and 256,512 @entity1 . The mean age at study entry was 43.8 years for @entity1 and 44.2 years for @entity1 . The mean follow-up time was 13.4 years (SD = 8.5) for @entity1 and 11.9 years (SD = 7.2) for @entity1 . Excluding the first year of follow-up, 23,060 @entity1 and 15,686 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 . Cox regression models were used to calculate relative risk (RR) of @entity5 for @entity412 levels in quintiles and as a continuous variable. RRs were corrected for random error by use of regression dilution ratio. RESULTS: Relative risk for top quintile versus bottom quintile of @entity1674 of overall @entity5 was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.26) in @entity1 and 1.15 (1.05-1.27) in @entity1 . For specific @entity5 , significant increases for top quintile versus bottom quintile of @entity1674 among @entity1 were found for @entity5 of the colon, respiratory tract, the kidney, @entity320 and thyroid and among @entity1 , for respiratory, cervical, and @entity1489 . CONCLUSION: Data from our study provided evidence for a possible role of serum @entity1674 in @entity5 development.

title: Serum XXXX and @entity5 risk in the @entity209 and @entity5 (Me-Can) collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: Eighty-four Chinese @entity1 with @entity344 were reviewed. There were 45 gastric and 39 @entity706 . The median age was 45 years and the male to female ratio 1.14:1. Diffuse histiocytic (60 per cent) or diffuse large cell (53.5 per cent) @entity706 comprised a majority of the cases. A high incidence of @entity360 at presentation was observed in our @entity1 . According to a modified staging classification, a larger proportion of @entity1 with @entity706 had @entity1442 (Stage III and IV) than those with @entity6595 (82 per cent versus 55 per cent, p less than 0.02) and @entity6595 carried a better prognosis. The modified staging classification used in this study appeared to stratify better the @entity1 into 2 sub-groups of localized (Stage I and II) and advanced (Stage III and IV) disease, which correlated very well with the prognosis. Good treatment results were obtained following intensive therapy in our @entity1 with @entity66 (Stage I and II). The poorer treatment results of @entity1 with @entity1442 (Stage III and IV) call for better chemotherapy regimens and earlier diagnosis. Surgical resection of the primary @entity344 is recommended to prevent @entity548 and perforation following chemotherapy, which occurred in 38 per cent of our @entity1 whose @entity344 were not resected.

title: XXXX in Chinese: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'intestinal lymphomas', 'intestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lesion', 'gastrointestinal lymphoma', 'gastrointestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: The use of Valtrac Ring since 1985 has brought about the ability of easier @entity254 suturing and shortening of the operative treatment. As other methods, also Valtrac ring has its disadvantages. Authors present a case report of a complication previously not described in the literature. A 67 year old @entity1 , after right hemicolectomy with ileotransversoanastomosis with the help of Valtrac due to @entity420 , underwent a control colonoscopy six month after operation. Small polyps in colon sigmoideum, colon descendens and transverse were removed and a tissue stripe with @entity1066 was found during the examination. The bioptic sample was taken from this stripe. After the application of @entity16960 , the @entity1 had a massive enterorhagia, which was not even resolved by adrenaline per colonoscopy. The @entity1 underwent re-resection of ileotrasversoanastomosis. A ring of tissue, created by circular @entity39 in the place of seroserous connection of biofragmentile ring of both of the lumens, was found in the tissue sample. @entity850 of the @entity254 , dehiscence, @entity548 and fistulation are described in the literature as the most common complications after Valtrac use. The incidence is comparable with complications during @entity254 sutured by hand. We would like to bring this extremely rare complication to the attention to all surgeons and gastroenterologists, who perform endoscopic examinations in @entity1 after this surgical procedure.

title: [A rare complication following XXXX suturing using a biofragmentable Valtrac @entity254 ring--a case review and literature overview].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of @entity141 in the @entity35 brain following focal @entity2806 and explore the protective effect of @entity9570 against @entity460 overload. METHODS: Focal @entity2806 was induced by @entity2500 in @entity35 . After @entity2806 , @entity9570 was administered in the @entity35 at different time points. The volume of @entity63 cerebral tissue was assessed by TTC staining, and the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the cortex and corpora striata was determined under laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS: The fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the infracted cortex and corpora striata begun to increase 2 h after the @entity63 and was further enhanced with the prolongation of the @entity63 time. No significance was found in the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 between the cortex and corpora striata. The fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the @entity1188 was obviously higher than that in the cortex after @entity63 . Compared with that in the @entity63 model group, the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the infarcted cortex and corpora striata decreased significantly at 2 and 12 h following @entity9570 intervention (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity9570 treatment can relieve @entity460 overload, reduce cerebral @entity63 volume and play a neuroprotective role against focal @entity2806 . Twelve hours following cerebral @entity63 may be the time window for administering @entity9570 intervention.

title: [Protective effect of @entity9570 against @entity460 overload after focal XXXX in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted corpora striata']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9570 :: ('MESH:C033607', 'Chemical') :: ['puerarin', 'Puerarin']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia injury']


abstract: A small population (10 to 14%) of adult @entity19 thymocytes expresses the glycolipid asialo @entity11688 (aGM1). Flow cytometric analysis of the aGM1+ cells present in thymus demonstrates the expression of a mature or medullary phenotype by 50% of the aGM1+ cells. Analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor activity, proliferative capacity, and @entity2047 production displayed by aGM1+ and aGM1- thymocyte fractions isolated by cell sorting indicates that these functional compartments of the thymus are contained within the aGM1+ subset. The aGM1+ population also contains virtually all mitotically active thymocytes, as measured by incorporation of @entity1603 . The immature @entity2047 receptor-bearing thymoblasts are also included in the aGM1+ population. Immunohistochemical labeling of thymic tissue sections reveals that the majority of aGM1+ cells are located in the medulla. Clusters of aGM1+ cells are found scattered throughout the cortical and subcapsular areas. The aGM1+ population therefore contains the functionally mature thymocytes as well as some immature thymocytes, particularly those that are mitotically active. It is suggested that the aGM1+ subset of thymocytes represents those cells that are mature or actively maturing. This hypothesis is discussed in the context of current concepts of intrathymic T cell differentiation pathways.

title: Expression of asialo @entity11688 on a subset of adult @entity19 thymocytes: histological localization and demonstration that the asialo XXXX -positive subset contains both the functionally mature and the proliferating thymocyte subpopulations.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

answer: @entity11688 :: (210582(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GM1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ) after @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) and open donor nephrectomy (ODN). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 241 consecutive @entity1 (141 @entity8566 and 100 ODN) over a 9-year period. @entity2194 were strictly defined as ocular complaints requiring any treatment or ophthalmologic consultation. Chi-square tests were used to compare the incidence of @entity2194 and @entity2687 by type of surgery. RESULTS: @entity2194 were observed in 9 @entity8566 @entity1 (6.4%) and no ODN @entity1 (0%; P = .01). All @entity2194 in @entity8566 @entity1 involved the dependent eye (P <.001). @entity2687 occurred in 2 @entity8566 @entity1 (1.4%) compared with no ODN @entity1 (0%; P = .23). @entity8566 @entity1 had significantly higher net fluid intake than the ODN @entity1 (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The increased @entity2194 and @entity2687 seen in @entity8566 @entity1 may result from the increased fluid intake, flank positioning, and potential increased venous compression resulting from the effects of the @entity516 . The fact that the dependent eye was involved in all @entity1 suggests conjunctival @entity4 as a potential common pathway. The high frequency of @entity2194 suggests the importance of techniques to minimize @entity2194 after @entity8566 .

title: Ocular complications after open and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasion', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy', 'HALDN']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity8566 :: (MESH:D060831,Disease) :: ['hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The outcome of @entity354 treatment is traditionally assessed by measuring endoscopically confirmed healing and symptom relief separately. Both terms together, indicating complete remission, are intuitively a more realistic clinical endpoint but are assessed less often. AIM: To explore this concept, we formally compared the efficacy of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) @entity10112 and @entity1537 using rates of complete remission judged against rates of healing and symptom relief separately. METHODS: Five hundred and eighty-two @entity1 with @entity354 were randomized to treatment for 4, 8, or 12 weeks with either @entity10112 or @entity1537 40 mg daily. Symptom relief was assessed with the validated ReQuesttrade mark-GI subscale. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of @entity1 were free of symptoms or had no oesophageal lesions after 4 weeks' treatment, rising to about 93% and 96%, respectively, at 12 weeks. Complete remission rates were, however, lower at these time points; approximately 60% and about 90%, respectively. Both PPIs had similar efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopically confirmed healing and symptom relief assessed separately over-estimated the benefits of both drugs. In contrast, complete remission indicates that @entity1 may be treated inadequately when given the standard 4- to 8-week treatment. We suggest that complete remission is a more reliable and clinically relevant endpoint of treatment.

title: A clinical trial comparing @entity10112 and @entity1537 to explore the concept of achieving 'complete remission' in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Little is known about @entity2718 @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity5 but a presumed outbreak has previously been described. The carriage rate before admission to hospital and morbidity is reported to be high, especially in younger @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity2718 @entity281 on a paediatric oncology ward was monitored from June 1991 to May 1992. Twenty eight (13%) of 214 @entity1 were found to be infected. Though the temporal distribution suggested an outbreak, @entity2975 gel electrophoresis identified several different types. Unlike previous reports, @entity281 appeared to be possibly endogenous or possibly environmental in origin rather than due to @entity580 ; the morbidity was low and age was not a determinant for @entity281 . The duration of hospital stay and the primary diagnosis were found to be determinants for infections, those with @entity706 being at the highest risk. The diagnostic category at greatest risk were those most intensively treated, with protracted @entity1398 and prolonged antibiotic exposure. Early identification of cases and prompt institution of simple control measures will prevent @entity580 . It is therefore important that @entity294 is not accepted as a normal symptom of @entity5 chemotherapy and stool specimens are sent for full bacteriological and viral investigation.

title: Investigation and management of XXXX colonisation in a paediatric oncology unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['cross infection']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile', 'C difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: In cultures of the differentiated clones Faza 967, Fao and HF, derived from Reuber @entity157 , physiological doses of glucocorticoid induce @entity10140 6 beta-hydroxylation, a microsomal cytochrome-P-450-mediated activity (enhanced in liver by @entity109 and not by @entity9437 ). Whereas @entity864 ( @entity865 ) alone has no effect the @entity5 promoter, when added to @entity619 , enhances this induction. This enhancement, half-maximum with 10 ng/ml @entity865 , is a function of the dose between 1 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml; 50 ng/ml (80 nM) increase 4-7-fold the induction rate (as measured in cultures by the amount of @entity6741 hydroxylated per 10(6) cells in 24 h, and in homogenates from treated cells) and 2.5-fold the maximum activity attained by the third day of induction. When added to cultures of the dedifferentiated clone H5, treated with @entity9437 , @entity865 does not influence @entity3014 hydroxylase induction, as shown by the total and relative amounts of the various hydrosoluble @entity3014 metabolites. @entity865 does not affect @entity669 aminotransferase induction in @entity619 -treated Fao cultures. The enhancement is not suppressed by @entity3352 , an inhibitor of @entity3009 synthesis. After @entity619 removal from induced Faza 967 cultures, addition of @entity865 to the medium does not affect the decay rate of the @entity10140 -hydroxylating activity. @entity1968 similarly enhances the induction by @entity619 of @entity10140 hydroxylation, both in treated Faza 967 cultures and in homogenates from treated cultures. The effects of @entity865 and @entity1968 are additive. These results suggest a possible cooperation at the transcriptional level between transactive factors, involving @entity865 -mediated alterations, @entity1968 and glucocorticoid receptors. The system described might provide a convenient experimental approach in the study of its mechanism.

title: Enhancing effect of a phorbol ester and of @entity1968 on glucocorticoid induction of XXXX hydroxylation in @entity157 cultures.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9437 :: ('MESH:C030935', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity10140 :: (MESH:D002635,Chemical) :: ['chenodeoxycholate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of deep intramuscular @entity1667 (IMMP) in the treatment of recurrent @entity3170 . METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with @entity3170 (12 anterior, 3 pan) underwent IMMP injection deep into the thigh. Thirteen @entity1 were already being treated with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral @entity617 , an oral immunosuppressive agent, or a combination of these drugs. A second IMMP injection was given to nine @entity1 , making a total of 24 injections. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 18 months. RESULTS: There was a documented improvement in @entity3170 after 21/24 (87.3%) injections with a mean duration of improvement of 5.7 months. No @entity1 required the introduction of oral corticosteroid or immunosuppressive agent, and only one @entity1 required an increase in methotrexate to control the disease. No systemic, injection site, or ocular side effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Deep IMMP is a safe and effective treatment for @entity3170 . It ensures compliance, avoids the systemic side effects of oral @entity288 , and is easily repeatable in the outpatient setting.

title: Deep intramuscular @entity1667 treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['scleritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Exposure to childhood adversity, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, is associated with negative long-term health and economic outcomes. Little is known about how adversity exposure in parents' early lives may be related to later food insecurity for parents and their @entity1 . This study investigated the association between female caregivers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and household and @entity1 food insecurity, taking into account @entity308 . METHODS: This study used cross-sectional data from 1,255 female caregivers of @entity1 aged <4 years surveyed in an urban clinical setting from March 2012 through June 2014. Measures included sociodemographic characteristics; caregivers' ACEs, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; @entity308 ; and household and @entity1 food insecurity. Multinomial and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship among ACEs, @entity308 , and household and @entity1 food security status. RESULTS: Caregiver @entity308 modified associations between ACEs and food insecurity level. After adjusting for covariates, caregivers reporting both @entity308 and four or more ACEs were 12.3 times as likely to report low food security (95% CI=6.2, 24.7); 28.8 times as likely to report very low food security (95% CI=12.8, 64.8); and 17.6 times as likely to report @entity1 food insecurity (95% CI=7.3, 42.6) compared with those reporting no @entity308 and no ACEs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 and ACEs were independently associated with household and @entity1 food insecurity, and @entity308 modified the association between ACEs and household and @entity1 food insecurity. Comprehensive policy interventions incorporating nutrition assistance and behavioral health may address intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.

title: Childhood Adversity and Adult Reports of Food Insecurity Among Households With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is common in @entity1 undergoing dilatation and curettage under general anesthesia for pregnancy termination, and many studies suggest treating these @entity1 prophylactically for @entity1209 . OBJECTIVES: Reviewing the antiemetics used over the past 20 years for this indication and comparing their efficacy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We performed MEDLINE and EMBASE searches for articles published from January 1980 through June 2009. The search terms were complications, @entity390 , @entity391 , antiemetics, anesthetics, surgery, dilatation, curettage, pregnancy, and @entity1 . SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected the studies of the antiemetics @entity6918 , @entity1769 , @entity5774 , @entity1875 , @entity619 , @entity3974 , and ramosetron when used for the stated indication. When assessing drug efficacy, we compared the antiemetics used at the time the article was written. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reviewed the selected studies, presented the reported incidence rates of @entity1209 for each drug, and presented and interpreted the P values reported for the different comparisons. MAIN RESULTS: Although all antiemetics assessed decreased the incidence of @entity1209 , the combination of @entity619 and @entity6918 seems to be the most effective in preventing @entity1209 . CONCLUSIONS: All antiemetics used in the last 20 years to prevent @entity1209 are effective (some more than others) in @entity1 undergoing dilatation and curettage for pregnancy termination. However, there is a need for benefit and risk analyses of the different treatments.

title: Prevention of @entity390 and XXXX during termination of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: Total body elemental composition was measured in 40 @entity1 with well documented @entity712 who were @entity4 -free on digoxin and diuretics. The results were compared with values for 20 @entity1 with untreated essential @entity101 matched for height, weight, age, and sex. Total body @entity972 alone was also measured in 20 normal subjects also matched for anthropomorphic measurements. @entity1 with @entity101 had a very similar total body @entity972 content to that of normal subjects, but @entity1 with @entity712 had significantly reduced total body @entity972 . This could not be explained by muscle wasting because total body @entity1568 , largely present in muscle tissue, was well maintained. When total body @entity972 was expressed as a ratio of @entity972 to @entity1568 mass a consistent depletion of @entity972 was revealed in the group with @entity712 . @entity972 depletion was poorly related to diuretic dose, severity of @entity712 , age, or renal function. Activation of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system was, however, related to hypokalaemia and @entity972 depletion. Such @entity1 also had significantly lower concentrations of serum @entity1372 and blood pressure. Serum @entity972 was related directly to total body @entity972 . Despite the absence of clinically apparent @entity4 total body @entity3878 was not consistently increased in @entity712 , but the calculated extracellular fluid volume remained expanded in the @entity712 group. Total body @entity1372 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity712 , but less than half of this increase could be accounted for by extracellular fluid volume expansion. @entity972 depletion in @entity712 may account in part for the high frequency of @entity943 and @entity944 in this condition.

title: Total body electrolyte composition in XXXX with @entity712 : a comparison with normal subjects and @entity1 with untreated @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Decreased levels of the cell-cell adhesion molecule @entity5962 are associated with loss of differentiation in a number of @entity1 @entity189 . However, the value of @entity5962 as a prognostic marker in these @entity5 is largely undetermined. A previous study of @entity5962 levels in @entity263 revealed that almost 50% of @entity5 examined had reduced or absent levels of this protein (Umbas et al., @entity5 Res., 52: 5104-5109, 1992). To determine the potential prognostic significance of this finding, @entity263 specimens from 89 @entity1 were evaluated immunohistochemically for @entity5962 expression, and the results were related to histopathological grade, @entity5 stage, presence of @entity3 , and survival. As previously observed, a significant inverse correlation was found between @entity5962 expression and @entity5 grade. Importantly, we also found significant correlations between @entity5962 expression and @entity5 stage and overall survival. Sixty-three percent of the @entity5 that extended beyond the prostate capsule (T3-4) versus 33% of the @entity5 confined to the prostate ( @entity7279 ) had aberrant expression (chi 2 = 8.1, P < 0.005). Seventy-six percent of the @entity5 from @entity1 that presented with @entity3 showed aberrant staining compared to 32% from @entity1 without @entity3 (chi 2 = 14.9; P < 0.001). The life table analysis showed a significantly higher survival rate for @entity1 with normal staining compared to @entity1 with aberrant expression (chi 2 = 20.4, P < 0.001 by log rank test). Moreover, abnormal expression of @entity5962 correlated significantly with progression after radical prostatectomy (P < 0.005). These results suggest that @entity5962 expression can serve as a prognostic indicator for the biological potential of @entity263 .

title: Decreased XXXX expression is associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: Radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, may at moderate dose levels palliate more than half of the @entity1 with unresectable upper @entity1820 . It appears as if this therapy prolongs the median survival in these @entity1 groups, particularly if concomitant chemotherapy is given for at most a few months. However, controlled studies are lacking. Extremely few @entity1 will be long-term disease-free survivors even if higher dose levels are used. Since local recurrences are common after apparently radical surgery, additional radiotherapy could increase the number of long-term survivors provided the dose level is sufficiently high. This has, however, never been properly investigated. Apart from palliation in symptomatic @entity1 with non-resectable disease, radiation therapy should be "investigational", preferably in comparison with a "no-active treatment" arm. The effects of combinations of radiation and chemotherapy should be the object of further controlled studies. Local non-resectable disease is a major problem in all @entity5 . It is common both primarily and after apparent radical surgery and it causes much suffering for these @entity1 . Radiotherapy is a local therapy and has therefore gained considerable interest in these diseases. The possibilities of contributing significantly to the treatment is, at least to a certain extent, hampered by several factors, such as the often large size of the @entity5 and the radiosensitivity of the surrounding tissues.

title: Radiation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['upper GI tract tumours']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with primary @entity5 underwent their treatment at Division of Colon Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, from 1978 to 1992. These 45 @entity1 , 20 male and 25 female, ranged from 15 to 76 years of age (mean, 41.1 years). @entity5 (47 per cent) were the most frequent histologic type, followed by @entity5 (36 per cent). Forty-eight per cent of @entity1 had @entity5 . All benign @entity45 were in females. These @entity5 presented a variety of symptoms and signs. Diagnosis could be made by digital examination in 43 (96 per cent) of the @entity1 . Computed tomographic scan was the most important diagnostic tool in determining the extent and degree of @entity5 invasion. The positive rate was 100 per cent in 21 @entity1 . As for operative methods, abdominal approach was selected in 24 @entity1 , transacral in 13 @entity1 , abdominal/sacral combined in 6 @entity1 , and biopsy only in two @entity1 . @entity260 occurred in 16 @entity1 (36 per cent), but there were no operative deaths. Of the @entity5 that underwent resection, 23 had total resection (18 benign and 5 malignant) and 22 incomplete (5 benign and 17 malignant). @entity5 had a good chance with resection of the lesion (P < 0.05). For @entity1 with @entity5 , the 5-year survival rate was 40.7 per cent. Whenever possible, total resection could offer better results for @entity5 , whether the lesions were benign or malignant.

title: XXXX : a review of forty-five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Congenital tumors', 'presacral tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'miscellaneous tumors', 'Benign tumors', 'presacral tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Presacral tumor']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the outcome of @entity1346 intubation and tube removal in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) @entity1 with distal canalicular or common @entity3885 . Method. Seventy-five eyes of 69 @entity1 with distal or common @entity3885 who had undergone external DCR and @entity1346 tube insertion were included in the study. @entity1346 tube was left in place at least for 3 months. Presence of @entity9467 was questioned and patency was assessed by irrigation at each control after tube removal. Results. Mean @entity1 age was 49.8  14.4 years (range 15-78) and mean follow-up after surgery was 13.2  4.2 months (range 6-25). After tube removal, 16 eyes (21.3%) presented with @entity9467 and occluded canalicular systems. Two eyes (2.7%) presented with @entity9467 which started just after tube removal and had a patent canalicular system. Fifty-seven eyes (76%) were free of symptoms and had patent canalicular systems and 3 of these eyes (4%) had @entity9467 while the tube was in place. Conclusions. @entity1346 intubation is indicated in @entity1 with distal or common @entity3885 . The majority of @entity1 with canalicular problems are relieved of @entity9467 after @entity1346 tube removal. However, the tube itself may transiently occlude the canalicular system and cause @entity9467 in some @entity1 , and in some it can aid tear flow even in the presence of a patent system.

title: The outcome of @entity1346 intubation and tube removal in external dacryocystorhinostomy XXXX with distal @entity3885 .

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['canalicular obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Residents living in @entity3296 areas generally experienced long-term exposure to excessive @entity1388 in drinking water. The adverse effects of high @entity1388 levels on the nervous system have been studied; however, the effect of @entity1388 exposure on cognitive functions of elderly @entity1 in @entity3296 areas is rarely reported. This study was aimed to find out the potential risk factors of @entity73 among elderly @entity1 who lived in @entity3296 areas of China. A total of 511 subjects, aged 60  years or above, were investigated in @entity3296 areas of Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to examine cognitive functions of the study subjects. Based on the MMSE scores, the study subjects were divided into normal group and @entity73 group that consisted of mild, moderate, and severe groups. Multivariable logistic regression showed that a higher risk of @entity73 was associated with increased age and decreased education levels. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that MMSE scores were negatively associated with serum @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels. However, both urinary @entity1388 and serum @entity5784 levels in the normal group were not the lowest among the four groups. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that urinary @entity1388 levels were positively correlated with serum @entity5784 (r s   =   0.209, P   <   0.01). Our study suggests that @entity1 with @entity73 in @entity3296 areas have elevated serum @entity5784 levels, which was positively correlated with urinary @entity1388 concentrations. A certain low dose of @entity1388 intake may play a potential protective rather than harmful role in cognitive functions; however, high @entity1388 exposure is a potential risk factor for @entity73 .

title: XXXX and Risk Factors in Elderly @entity1 Living in Fluorosis Areas in China.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity101 induced the formation of @entity5693 . Revealing the developmental change of @entity5693 is important for future therapy. METHODS: We observed the evolution of an accessible shunting vessel, the @entity8 ( @entity8 ), in @entity35 after induction of portal @entity101 by partial portal vein ligation (PVL). The hemodynamic and histological assessments of @entity8 were performed by transit time ultrasound and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: The portal pressure of PVL @entity35 surged to 16.5    1.1 mmHg on day 1 after ligation surgery and was maintained at a significantly higher level (13.0    0.4 mmHg) to day 14 when compared to sham @entity35 (p < 0.05). The size or flow of @entity8 in PVL @entity35 did not change immediately after portal pressure surge. Instead, they increased rapidly on day 4, peaked on day 7, and stabilized thereafter. The size and flow were greater and the resistance of @entity8 was lower in PVL @entity35 after day 7 (p < 0.05). The anti-Ki67 immunohistochemical study demonstrated positive staining of endothelium in @entity8 and negative in portal vein or aorta of PVL @entity35 . In addition, the endothelial cells of @entity8 were stained positive for @entity18518 and @entity24543 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the pressure-induced opening of pre-existing vessels was not the primary underlying mechanism in the formation of @entity8 . Endothelial proliferating and vascular remodeling process participated actively during the development of @entity8 . These observations can be used for studying the pathogenesis and developing more effective anti-portal @entity101 therapy in the future.

title: Hemodynamic assessment of the development of XXXX in portal @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SRS', 'spleno-renal shunt']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['portal-systemic collaterals']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity5693 :: (MESH:D006501,Disease) :: ['portal-systemic collaterals']


abstract: The author reviews 400 cases of @entity867 treated in China over 20 years. The commonest cause was @entity281 , with abscesses in the temporal lobe and cerebellum. Signs of @entity428 were present in most cases, localizing neurological signs in two-thirds, and clinical signs of @entity281 in only 57%. The difficulties of early diagnosis may be considerable. Definitive diagnosis was dictated by the techniques available: when clinical features and ultrasound indicated a localized abscess, a burr hole and exploratory @entity1173 were used; otherwise, and in complicated cases, angiography or ventriculography were required. Antibiotics were given in full doses for an extended period. Aspiration was the initial treatment in 253 cases, with 22% mortality. Excision was the sole treatment in 128 @entity1 , of whom 17.2% died. A further 76 @entity1 underwent @entity1173 followed by excision; 25% of these @entity1 died. There was no significant difference in mortality in these treatment groups. The most important predictor of outcome was the @entity1 's condition when first seen. In 103 cases, signs of @entity75 were present; the mortality was 64% in these @entity1 . In the 297 without herniation, mortality was only 8.4%. Early referral for specialist care, computerized tomography, correct choice and dosage of antibiotics, and the surgical methods in present use should make this a benign disease.

title: XXXX : a review of 400 cases.

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain herniation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ear infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['Brain abscess']


abstract: We described two female @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome associated with localized cutaneous @entity2783 (LCNA), in which amyloid protein was derived from immunoglobulin light chain. Case 1; a 70-year-old female had complained with @entity4841 , @entity221 and parotid gland swelling. She was diagnosed as primary Sj  gren's syndrome. Three years later she noticed brown color small @entity5 on the thigh and yellow to brown nodules on the bilateral @entity291 of legs. Skin biopsy from the left thigh revealed @entity527 , which was positive for anti-lambda light chain staining, in almost entire dermis. Infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells around the amyloid deposit were prominent. Case 2; a 51-year-old female had noticed increasing eruption on the hip. Skin biopsy revealed @entity527 in the dermis, which was negative for anti-lambda nor kappa light chain staining. When she was refereed to our hospital, she complained of @entity2133 and @entity7560 . She was diagnosed as primary Sj  gren's syndrome. In both cases, histological examination of a minor salivary gland biopsy revealed infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells but not amyloid deposit. Serum M protein and urine Bence-Jones protein were not detected. These cases represent @entity2783 without @entity262 involvement. It is widely recognized that Sj  gren's syndrome is frequently accompanied by @entity1071 . In LCNA, infiltration of plasma cells around the @entity527 was frequently prominent. The relation between these two disorders is discussed.

title: [Two cases of limited cutaneous XXXX with primary Sj  gren's syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid L protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['localized amyloidosis', 'nodular amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade fever']

entities_list: @entity7560 :: ('MESH:D014985', 'Disease') :: ['xerophthalmia']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['nodular amyloidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To make a retrospective study of the clinical, etiological, diagnostic and prognostic features of @entity50 ( @entity50 ) diagnosed at our University Hospital. METHODS: We performed a systematic research of the clinical records of our University Hospital's electronic database (1977-2009) using the key words <cerebral vein or sinus @entity715 >. RESULTS: Ninety-five possible cases were found, and 16 were excluded due to alternative or uncertain diagnosis. Seventy-nine @entity1 (43 females), median age of 46 years (2-82), were studied. Hereditary or acquired @entity49 was detected in 22 @entity1 (27.8%): prothrombin @entity14553 mutation (10), factor V Leyden (3), @entity7131 (2), homozygous MTHFR @entity9770 mutation (1), @entity1701 (7) and hematological conditions (3). @entity50 was associated with @entity281 in 17 cases, @entity1313 in 9, @entity5 in 13, treatment with prothrombotic drugs in 20 (including substitutive/antineoplastic hormones and oral contraceptives) and other causes in 8. Thirteen cases were idiopathic. Clinical presentation was intracranial @entity101 in 83.5%, focal deficits in 45.6% and @entity410 in 12.6 %. Transverse (57%) and superior sagittal sinus (49.4%) were the most commonly involved. @entity410 occurred in 25.3%, @entity1188 in 41% and severe intracranial @entity101 in 22.8 %. Up to 31.6 % required surgical drainage, decompressive craniectomy or ventricular drainage. Nine cases associated @entity1211 and 4 @entity50 recurred. Evolution was favorable (modified Rankin scale 0-2 at 3 months) in 74.7%. Mortality rate was 13.9% (11 @entity1 ). Neoplastic and infectious origin was significantly associated with mortality and disability. CONCLUSION: We describe a large retrospective series of @entity50 where infectious and neoplastic etiologies were linked to an unfavorable outcome.

title: [ XXXX : when etiology makes the difference].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis', 'CVST']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 ) is one of the most important prediction factors, but only 25% - 30% of @entity0 @entity1 @entity1722 are positive. It is unknown whether there are other molecular markers that could be used to predict prognosis and recurrence in @entity1722 negative @entity1 . This study investigated correlations of @entity7596 and @entity1722 levels with clinical outcomes in 281 @entity1 with @entity0 in order to identify whether @entity7596 can serve as a prognostic factor in @entity1722 negative @entity1 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect @entity7596 and @entity1722 expression in 281 @entity1 . @entity7596 and @entity1722 gene amplifications were analyzed using gene analysis and RT-PCR in 12 @entity1 . Risk and survival estimates were analyzed using Log-rank, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analysis; @entity7596 and @entity1722 consistency with survival were analyzed using Kappa analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with higher @entity7596 and @entity1722 expressions had significantly shorter disease-free survival periods (P = 0.047 and P = 0.05, respectively). Kappa analysis performed that @entity7596 and @entity1722 showed a low Kappa index (kappa = 0.37), allowing us to conclude that @entity7596 and @entity1722 detect different pathologies. Gene analysis and RT-PCR showed that @entity7596 was upregulated in @entity1 with early relapse; the average increase was 3.69 - 2.74 fold. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7596 and @entity1722 are associated with proliferation and high recurrence, particularly when combined. @entity7596 is easily detected by nuclear staining and might be a useful biomarker for recurrence risk in @entity1722 negative @entity1 .

title: Prediction of recurrence risk in early @entity0 using @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity7596 :: (890,Gene) :: ['cyclin A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to determine the long term results and the prognostic factors after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Clinical status after surgery and survival were studied in 101 consecutive @entity1 undergoing lung resection for pulmonary metastases from @entity14 between 1970 and 1993. Prognostic factors were evaluated according to surgical design. Mean interval between colon resection and lung resection was 44 months. Fifty-nine @entity1 had a solitary lesion, 17 had multiple unilateral lesions and 25 multiple bilateral lesions. Eighteen @entity1 had undergone previous surgery for localized extrapulmonary metastases. A wedge resection was performed in 47 @entity1 , lobectomy or bilobectomy in 40, pneumonectomy in 11 and biopsy in 3. RESULTS: There was no postoperative mortality and 5-year survival in complete resection was 21%; all @entity1 with incomplete resection or biopsy died within 3 years. Significant prognostic factors were: complete resection, @entity66 (vs synchronous metastases) and absence of lymph node involvement. The extent of the @entity14 and the number of resected metastases did not influence prognosis. Survival for @entity1 with resected extrapulmonary disease was not significantly different as compared with @entity1 with only pulmonary metastases. Eleven @entity1 had repeat pulmonary resections, 6 of these @entity1 are currently alive, 3 of them more than 3 years after the second pulmonary resection. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that resection of colorectal lung metastases is safe and effective, that resectable extrapulmonary disease does not contra-indicate pulmonary resection and that repeat thoracotomy is warranted in selected @entity1 with recurrent lung metastases.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of lung metastases from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal disease', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown that the @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) count is associated with long-term mortality for @entity1 with @entity741 , the role of the @entity1503 count as an independent predictor of short-term mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has not been examined as extensively. The objective of this study was to determine whether the @entity1503 count is associated with in-hospital mortality for @entity1 with @entity741 after controlling for potential confounders. METHODS: From July 31, 2000, to July 31, 2001, the National Registry of @entity583 4 enrolled 186,727 @entity583 @entity1 . A total of 115,273 @entity1 were included in the analysis. RESULTS: @entity1503 counts were subdivided into intervals of 1,000/mL, and in-hospital mortality rates were determined for each interval. The distribution revealed a J-shaped curve. @entity1 with @entity1503 counts >5,000/mL were subdivided into quartiles, whereas @entity1 with @entity1503 counts <5,000/mL were assigned to a separate category labeled "subquartile" and were analyzed separately. A linear increase in in-hospital mortality by @entity1503 count quartile was found. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for the fourth versus the first quartile showed strong associations with in-hospital mortality among the entire population and by gender: 4.09 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 3.83 to 4.73) for all @entity1 , 4.31 (95% CI = 3.93 to 4.73) for @entity1 , and 3.65 (95% CI = 3.32 to 4.01) for @entity1 . Following adjustment for covariates, the magnitude of the ORs attenuated, but the ORs remained highly significant (OR, 2.71 [95% CI = 2.53 to 2.90] for all @entity1 ; OR, 2.87 [95% CI = 2.59 to 3.19] for @entity1 ; OR, 2.61 [95% CI = 2.36 to 2.99] for @entity1 ). Reperfused @entity1 had consistently lower in-hospital mortality rates for all @entity1 and by gender (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1503 count is an independent predictor of in-hospital @entity583 mortality and may be useful in assessing the prognosis of @entity583 in conjunction with other early risk-stratification factors. Whether elevated @entity1503 count is a marker of the inflammatory process or is a direct risk factor for @entity583 remains unclear. Given the simplicity and availability of the @entity1503 count, the authors conclude that the @entity1503 count should be used in conjunction with other ancillary tests to assess the prognosis of a @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: The association between XXXX count and @entity583 in-hospital mortality: findings from the National Registry of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['WBC', 'white blood cell']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['white blood cell']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that qigong therapy has physiological benefits for adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 ; however, information about the psychological benefits of qigong therapy in this population is limited. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research project was to identify psychological responses to qigong vs control interventions in adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: The research team designed a randomized, controlled, three-arm clinical trial comparing 12 weeks of Yi @entity916 Medical Qigong (YRMQ), progressive resistance training (PRT), and standard care. SETTING: The study was performed at Bastyr University Research Institute, Kenmore, Washington. @entity1 : @entity1 were 13 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 (N=32) with diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 , a mean age of 56.3    8.1 (standard deviation) years, glycated hemoglobin > 7.5%, and fasting blood @entity413 > 7 mmol/dL (126 mg/dL). INTERVENTION: For 12 weeks, @entity1 in the YRMQ and PRT group attended a 1-hour weekly group session that a certified instructor led and were instructed to practice at least twice a week for 30 minutes. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The research team used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory scores to analyze the data. RESULTS: YRMQ decreased perceived-stress scores by 29.3% (P < .05) and @entity308 scores by 14.3% (not significant [NS]). The active control group, PRT, also decreased stress scores by 18.6% (NS) and decreased @entity308 scores by 50% (P < .03). Stress and @entity308 measures remained unchanged in the standard care group. CONCLUSION: YRMQ and PRT may be beneficial in reducing perceived stress and improving @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , although verification of the clinical significance of these findings requires a longer study with a larger sample size.

title: Psychological effects of Yi XXXX Medical Qigong and progressive resistance training in adults with @entity6 : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['Ren']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compares two methods of evaluating para-aortic node involvement in locally advanced @entity5 (LACC) in order to define external radiotherapy treatment fields: laparoscopic surgical para-aortic lymphadenectomy or PET-CT imaging. POPULATION: We selected 187 @entity1 with LACC who had been treated by chemoradiation therapy in two comprehensive @entity5 centres from January 2001 to December 2013. A total of 98 underwent para-aortic evaluation by PET-CT (Centre 1) and 89 received surgical laparoscopic excision (Centre 2). METHODS: All @entity1 with LACC were retrospectively collected in each centre. @entity1349 and DFS were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier's method and survival curves were compared using log-rank test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were the comparison of @entity1 ' disease-free (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the two centres. RESULTS: @entity1 had a significantly better disease-free survival in cohort 1 than in cohort 2, at 2 years [80.9% (71.7-87.5) versus 57.1% (46.1-67.3)] and at 5 years [70.5% (58.8-79.9) versus 49.2% (38.2-60.4)] (P = 0.009). These results are confirmed by multivariate analysis model [hazard ratio (HR) 1.93; 95% CI 1.03-3.61; P = 0.04]. The @entity1349 was also better in cohort 1, both at 2 and 5 years [93.5% (86.5-97.0) versus 78.5% (68.5-86.0) and 85.1% (73.2-92.2) versus 63.8% (51.9-74.2), respectively; P = 0.006]. The multivariate analysis model found concordant results with an increased relative risk of @entity204 for @entity1 treated in cohort 2 (HR 2.55; 95% CI 1.09-5.99; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort analysis, para-aortic surgical staging in LACC is more deleterious for @entity1 than is radiological staging in terms of @entity1349 and DFS. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Para-aortic surgical staging in LACC is more deleterious for @entity1 than clinical staging.

title: Survival effect of laparoscopic para-aortic staging in locally advanced XXXX : a retrospective cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To examine the utilization of speech-language pathology (SLP) services by otolaryngology for outpatients with @entity1740 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a large, national, administrative US claims database. METHODS: The study population included @entity1 with a @entity1740 based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008, seen by an otolaryngologist as an outpatient, and 12 months of follow-up. Data were collected on SLP evaluation and treatment and @entity1 factors including age, gender, geographic region, employment status, initial laryngeal diagnosis, and laryngeal diagnosis change over 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with receipt of SLP evaluation and treatment. RESULTS: There were 91,898 unique @entity1 who met study criteria. A total of 4,485 (4.9%) @entity1 had an SLP evaluation, of whom 2,216 (49.4%) had at least one voice therapy session. @entity1 age, gender, geographic region, and laryngeal diagnosis were associated with increased likelihood of receiving SLP services. @entity1 whose final laryngeal diagnosis changed from their initial diagnosis had greater odds of having an SLP evaluation (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.31) compared to @entity1 without laryngeal diagnosis change. CONCLUSIONS: SLP evaluation and treatment occurred in a minority of laryngeal/voice-disordered @entity1 . Further study is needed to assess the impact of SLP services on the healthcare utilization of @entity1 with @entity1740 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Otolaryngology utilization of speech-language pathology services for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal/voice disorders', 'laryngeal/voice disorder']

answer: @entity1740 :: (MESH:D014832,Disease) :: ['voice disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: We explored the clinical impression that @entity989 , a form of advanced age-related @entity1020 , is perceived by the @entity1 as progressing gradually, even when fixation switches from foveal to extrafoveal. METHODS: We analyzed the responses of 60 @entity1 with @entity10691 to a questionnaire administered as part of a five-year study of the natural course of @entity10691 , funded by the National Eye Institute. We performed scanning laser opthalmoscope perimetry on all @entity1 . We examined two additional @entity1 with @entity10691 who reported abrupt @entity227 . RESULTS: No eye with @entity10691 was reported by any @entity1 to have had sudden @entity227 . Although most @entity1 with @entity10691 show foveal fixation until the fovea is @entity3202 and then show extrafoveal fixation, scanning laser ophthalmoscope perimetry in three @entity1 with @entity10691 showed alternation between a foveal and an extrafoveal retinal locus for fixation. Two @entity1 with @entity10691 who complained of abrupt @entity227 were found to have occult @entity1940 , which evolved in one @entity1 to classic @entity1940 . The neovascularization was difficult to detect because of the presence of @entity10691 and its associated ophthalmoscopic and @entity941 angiographic features. CONCLUSIONS: @entity227 in @entity10691 is nearly always perceived by the @entity1 as being gradual, even when considerable decreases in visual acuity occur and when foveal vision and fixation are lost. A possible explanation for this perception is that there is a transitional period during which a @entity1 uses both a foveal and extrafoveal site for fixation. The complaint of abrupt @entity227 in a @entity1 with @entity10691 should raise the suspicion of @entity1940 , which may be occult and difficult to detect.

title: Scanning laser ophthalmoscopic analysis of the pattern of @entity227 in age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity10691 :: (MESH:D057092,Disease) :: ['geographic atrophy of the macula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The method of making @entity954 remains a complex problem. Although controversial, the use of diathermy instead of scalpel for skin incision and underlying tissue dissection is gradually gaining wide acceptance. This is due to the observation that no change in wound complication rate or @entity282 is reported with the use ofDiathermy. However, the fear ofexcessive scarring and poor wound healing has curtailed its widespread use for skin incision. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to compare superficial @entity281 (SSSI) in diathermy and scalpel skin incision in inguinal hernioplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Quasi experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Study was conducted at Surgical Unit II, Holy Family Hospital. Rawalpindi from 1st Jan. 2008 to 30th September 2008. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 80 @entity1 who presented with @entity169 were included in the study. @entity1 were divided in two groups. Group1: In 40 @entity1 skin incision was made with Diathermy, Group 2: The other 40 had skin incision with scalpel. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 in the intervention group (Group 1) was 50 years while in the control group (Group 2) it was 46 years. 48% @entity1 in Group 1 and 55% in the Group 2 had indirect @entity169 . SSSI was noted in 12.5% cases in Group 1 whereas in Group 2 it was 17.5% but this difference was not found to be statistically significant (p value=0.378). CONCLUSION: The use of diathermy for making skin incisions is as safe as scalpel and there is no significant difference amongst both regarding wound @entity281 .

title: Comparison of superficial XXXX following use of diathermy and scalpel for making skin incision in inguinal hernioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: @entity5055 is a common and potentially sight threatening complication of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and is usually secondary to cicatricial entropion. This study aimed to assess the success and complications of eyelid cryotherapy for @entity5055 in a group of @entity1 with long term follow up. The case records of all @entity1 with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid that attended the external disease clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital from 1980 to 1992 were reviewed. Each eyelid was divided into three horizontal zones. Cryotherapy was delivered with an Amoilette cryoprobe for approximately 30 seconds. Failure of the cryotherapy was defined as a regrowth of the eyelashes within the treated zone that either required epilation for symptom control or caused @entity2372 . Ninety two lid zones were treated, involving 25 lids of 12 @entity1 . The cumulative chance of success decreased rapidly to 40% over the first year. Thereafter, the chance of success declined slowly to 34% at 4 years. Complications included lid notching (n = 2), @entity194 (n = 1), altered lid contour (n = 1), and temporarily raised intraocular pressure (n = 1). All @entity1 had quiescent disease at the time of the cryotherapy and no @entity1 showed increased conjunctival disease activity after treatment. Six @entity1 were taking systemic immunosuppression medication. When ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is quiescent, lid cryotherapy has an acceptable complication rate. The major reason for recurrence of the @entity5055 was attributed to inadequate follicle freezing.

title: Cryotherapy for XXXX in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis', 'Trichiasis']

answer: @entity5055 :: (MESH:D058457,Disease) :: ['trichiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effective dosage and formulation of agkistrodon in @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) @entity35 . METHODS: @entity1753 was induced by injection of collagen in complete/incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Agkistrodon decoction, agkistrodon powder, and agkistrodon wine were administered daily starting from the onset of @entity625 . Paw swelling degree was measured by using a volume-measuring instrument every 7 days after primary immunization. @entity625 index was measured and calculated using the "five scoring method" every 7 days. The levels of serum interleukin-1   (IL-1  ) and type II collagen IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, all ankles were removed, and X-ray radiography was performed with In-vivo Imaging System FX. Samples were counterstained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 for analysis. RESULTS: Among the various dosage formulations of agkistrodon, high-dose powder, which was equivalent to an amount of 6 g/day in adults, showed better effects on the inhibition of joint swelling and @entity625 index score. The relatively low levels of serum IL-1 and anti-type II collagen IgG antibodies, as well as the X-ray radiography and pathology results, further proved the superiority of the high-dose powder over the other formulations. The effect of decoction on inhibiting joint swelling was inversely proportional to the dosage. Other effects, such as @entity625 index score and the levels of serum IL-1 and anti-type II collagen IgG antibodies, were directly proportional to the dosage. While the use of large dose agkistrodon wine led to negative effects. CONCLUSION: These data highlight the potential function of high-dose agkistrodon powder, which was equivalent to an amount of 6 g/day in adults. The powder can quickly relieve the symptoms of @entity309 and prevent aggravation of disease, especially during the early period.

title: Effects of Agkistrodon in different dosage forms on @entity1753 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of arthritis', 'arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Currently there are no non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) approved for the control of @entity32 in @entity1707 due to a lack of validated animal models and suitable biomarkers to assess drug efficacy. This study investigates the differential expression of genes altered in response to @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced @entity32 which may serve as indicators of NSAID efficacy. Unstimulated whole blood from @entity1707 was mixed with tissue culture media, stimulated with LPS, and RNA extracted at the following time points 0h, 1h, 3h, 24h and 48h. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed using a commercial @entity1707 DNA microarray. The DNA microarray was utilized as a screen to determine potential biomarkers, focusing on the genes that exhibited the greatest degree of differential expression. A master list of 57 genes was formed based on the differential expression as a result of the stimulation. Following analysis, 12 genes whose expressions were significantly altered (8 up- and 4 down-regulated) were chosen for verification via quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the differential expression of 11 of the 12 genes chosen via the microarray analyses. Specifically, traditional genes such as SAA, @entity17749 , and @entity18029 were up-regulated, while @entity18030 was down-regulated; all of the genes were altered by 24h or 48h post-stimulation. We demonstrate here that expression of these 11 genes is altered as a direct result of LPS stimulation and consequently @entity32 .

title: In vitro identification and verification of inflammatory biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity14 , low levels of colonic @entity1943 , @entity16424 and @entity750 have been found. Based on these findings, the effects of triple treatment with @entity2390 (a somatostatin analogue), @entity16424 and @entity750 on @entity14 has been studied. Triple therapy was found to reduce the volume and weight of both @entity35 and @entity1 @entity694 in xenografts, apparently by @entity39 , but also by reducing proliferation and expression of @entity4179 of @entity5 cells, and also by inducing apoptosis. It has been suggested that @entity5 @entity39 results from @entity63 in the @entity5 caused by a @entity5 blood flow, a consequence of reduced number of @entity5 -feeding blood vessels and by constricting of @entity5 feeding arterioles. The effects of treating @entity35 @entity14 using single, double and triple therapy with @entity2390 , @entity16424 and @entity750 were studied. Of these substances, @entity16424 alone achieved a significant @entity5 . Single and double regimes had some effect, but were not nearly so successful as triple treatment. The optimum treatment dose of triple therapy lies between 40 and 80 microg/kg/day, smaller doses had no effect on the @entity5 at all, while larger doses had no additional effect. The optimal administration route is continuous i.p. infusion, for 14 days. Triple therapy gave no obvious side effects, and had equivalent anti- @entity5 and therapeutic efficacy as standard treatment with @entity1487 / @entity4181 . Although this treatment appears to be a promising option, clinical trials need be conducted to establish whether it can be beneficial in clinical use.

title: Triple treatment with @entity2390 , XXXX and @entity750 is a promising therapy for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in tumour-feeding blood vessels', 'cancer', 'reduction in the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity16424 :: (MESH:D019004,Chemical) :: ['galanin']


abstract: AIM: Various methods, including self-instruction, have been used to try to improve the acquisition of basic life support skills. This is a preliminary report of the effectiveness of a web-based self-training program for @entity10673 and the use of an AED. METHODS: Sixteen volunteers completed on-line training in their own time over a period of 8 weeks. The program included theory, scenario training and self-testing, but without practice on a manikin, or any instructor input. The volunteers were assessed, without prior warning, in a scenario setting. A recording manikin, expert assessors and video recording were used with a modified version of the Cardiff Test. RESULTS: All 16 volunteers performed the assessed skills in the use of an AED correctly. Most of the skills of @entity10673 assessed were performed well. Chest compression depth and rate were performed less well (59% and 67% of @entity1 , respectively, performed correctly). Opening the airway and lung inflation were performed poorly (38% and 13% of @entity1 performed correctly), as was checking for safety (19% @entity1 performed correctly). There was no significant correlation between the time a @entity1 spent on-line and the quality of performance. Only 5 of the volunteers had ever attended a @entity10673 course or used a resuscitation manikin before the assessment; their performance scores were not significantly better than those of the other 11 volunteers. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it may be possible to train @entity1 in @entity10673 and AED skills using a micro-simulation web-based interactive program but without any practice on a manikin. This seems to be particularly the case for the use of an AED, where performance achieved a uniformly high standard.

title: A web-based micro-simulation program for self-learning XXXX skills and the use of an AED. Can laypeople train themselves without a manikin?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'participant']

answer: @entity10673 :: (MESH:D001816,Disease) :: ['BLS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astroglial cells are activated following injury and up-regulate the expression of the intermediate filament proteins @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) and @entity3111 . Adult @entity19 lacking the intermediate filament proteins @entity9327 and @entity3111 ( @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-)) show @entity536 , reduced @entity66 formation and improved regeneration of neuronal synapses after neurotrauma. @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 exhibit larger brain @entity1188 after @entity2500 suggesting protective role of reactive @entity5219 after adult focal @entity2806 . However, the role of astrocyte activation and reactive @entity5219 in the injured developing brain is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We subjected @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 to unilateral @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) at postnatal day 9 (P9). @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ; 25 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally twice daily from P9 to @entity15050 . On @entity15050 and @entity19363 , the animals were perfused intracardially. Immunohistochemistry with @entity7001 , @entity1603 , @entity7079 , and S100 antibodies was performed on coronal sections. We found no difference in the hemisphere or @entity1188 volume between @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 at @entity15050 and @entity19363 , i.e. 3 and 22 days after HI. At @entity19363 , the number of @entity7079 (+) neurons in the @entity63 and contralateral hemisphere was comparable between @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . In wild-type @entity19 , the number of S100(+) astrocytes was lower in the ipsilateral compared to contralateral hemisphere (65.0+/-50.1 vs. 85.6+/-34.0, p<0.05). In the @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 , the number of S100(+) astrocytes did not differ between the @entity63 and contralateral hemisphere at @entity19363 . At @entity19363 , @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 showed an increase in @entity7079 (+) @entity1603 (+) (surviving newly born) neurons in the @entity63 cortex compared to wild-type @entity19 (6.7+/-7.7; n = 29 versus 2.9+/-3.6; n = 28, respectively, p<0.05), but a comparable number of S100(+) @entity1603 (+) (surviving newly born) astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that attenuation of reactive @entity5219 in the developing brain does not affect the hemisphere or @entity1188 volume after HI, but increases the number of surviving newborn neurons.

title: Attenuation of reactive @entity5219 does not affect XXXX volume in neonatal @entity2806 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated reactive gliosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5003 ( @entity5003 ) has been implicated in the vascular and immune suppressor cell responses that promote @entity5 progression. @entity5003 , however, has also been shown to inhibit @entity5 progression by promoting antitumor immune responses and by enhancing the activity of chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ), alone and combined with temozolomide and docetaxel chemotherapy, were examined in vitro and in vivo against microscopic and macroscopic @entity19 B16 @entity320 . RESULTS: @entity18995 did not demonstrate antitumor activity in vitro, alone or combined with chemotherapy. When administered in vivo at the time when B16 cells were inoculated, @entity18995 inhibited @entity5 growth. It did not affect growth when administered after @entity5 had established and were macroscopic. @entity18995 increased M1 macrophage polarization and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells in @entity19 with macroscopic @entity5 . Regulatory T-cells, @entity5 vascularity, and @entity5 interstitial fluid pressure were not significantly altered. Pre-treatment but not concurrent treatment with @entity18995 enhanced the antitumor activity of chemotherapy in vivo against macroscopic @entity5 . Whereas chemotherapy reduced myeloid suppressor cells systemically, chemotherapy increased markers of myeloid suppressor cells intratumorally. These effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with @entity18995 . CONCLUSION: The effects of @entity5003 and chemotherapy in @entity320 are complex. @entity18995 modifies myeloid suppressor cell populations and may have a role with chemotherapy in the treatment of established @entity320 .

title: Effects of @entity5003 receptor antagonist and chemotherapy on host- XXXX interactions in established @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Objective. To review issues related to @entity565 in @entity3458 and management strategies. Data Source. A systematic review of pertinent original research publications, reviews, and editorials was undertaken using MEDLlNE, the Cochrane Library databases, and CINAHL from 1947 to November 2010. Search terms were [ @entity565 ] and [ @entity3458 ]. Additional publications considered relevant to the @entity3458 population of @entity1 were identified; search terms included [ @entity3458 ] combined with [ @entity1443 ], [ @entity158 medications], @entity560 , [beta agonists], [exhaled @entity842 ], and [corticosteroids]. Results. The reported prevalence of @entity565 in @entity1 with @entity3458 varies from 2% to approximately 50%. Having @entity565 increases the risk for developing @entity5837 , @entity204 , or @entity158 episodes compared to having @entity3458 without @entity565 . Asthma and sickle cell may be linked by impaired @entity842 regulation, excessive production of leukotrienes, insufficient levels of @entity560 , and exposure to @entity1443 in early life. Treatment of sickle cell @entity1 includes using commonly prescribed @entity565 medications; specific considerations are suggested to ensure safety in the sickle cell population. Conclusion. Prospective controlled trials of drug treatment for @entity565 in @entity1 who have both @entity3458 and @entity565 are urgently needed.

title: Asthma in XXXX : implications for treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D', '[vitamin D]']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improved anticalcification technology, bioprosthetic heart valves still cannot be used in younger @entity1 because of progressive @entity528 . A novel advanced tissue preservation technology was developed that uses stable functional group capping and preservation by glycerolization. Valves incorporating this novel technology can be stored in a @entity2133 and do not require rinsing before use. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of this new technology in terms of valve function and durability in a chronic @entity742 model of orthotopic implantation. METHODS: Forty-five juvenile @entity742 were randomized and either a Perimount mitral valve (6900P, control group) or the same valve design incorporating the novel tissue preservation technology (test group) was implanted in the mitral position. All valves were 25 mm. A transthoracic echocardiography was performed at 1 week and at 8 months postoperatively. The animals were then killed, an autopsy was performed, and the valves were examined radiographically (soft tissue radiograph), histologically ( @entity1710 and @entity1711 and Von Kossa staining), and chemically ( @entity460 content). Exclusion criteria for analysis included surgical or procedural death, @entity3555 leading to @entity204 . RESULTS: Thirty-one animals (14 controls and 17 test animals) remained in perfect condition during the 8-month follow-up period. Echocardiography at 1 week showed normal valve function in both groups. At 8 months, cardiac output increased significantly to the same extent in both groups (vs baseline; P  <  .01). The mean transvalvular pressure gradient also increased but significantly more in the control group compared with the test group (P  =  .03). Flow turbulence across the prosthesis was increased in the control valves compared with the test valves. The test valves had significantly less @entity460 content than the controls (1.9    0.3 vs 6.8     1.6  g/mg; P  =  .002). This was confirmed by radiographic analysis and histology. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the novel tissue preservation technology, when applied to the Perimount mitral valve, significantly improves hemodynamic and anticalcification properties compared with the standard Perimount, a valve currently considered the standard of care.

title: A randomized assessment of an advanced tissue preservation technology in the juvenile XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis or other diseases']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry condition']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['structural valve degeneration']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: We measured the mRNA transcript expression patterns for members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system during embryonic and postnatal development in epiphyseal cartilage from Langshan (LS) and Arbor Acres (AA) @entity1573 . @entity20018 expression was positively correlated with @entity2090 from embryonic day (E) 14 to postnatal d (P) 0 and with @entity20019 from E14 to P14 but negatively correlated with @entity2090 from P0 to @entity10491 and @entity20019 from P14 to @entity10491 . Expression of @entity20020 correlated positively with @entity2090 from E14 to P0 but negatively from P0 to P28. The results suggest that these genes are regulated in a coordinated fashion during development. A negative correlation was found between @entity20021 and @entity20019 during P0 to @entity10491 . A positive correlation was found between @entity20022 (E14 to E18, P14 to @entity10491 ) and IGF-IR and between @entity20022 (E14 to P0, P14 to @entity10491 ) and @entity2090 . The endocrine factors can be integrated with nutrition to regulate animal growth. In our study, AA @entity1573 were fed a nutrient-rich AA diet, and LS @entity1573 were fed either an AA diet or a less-rich diet. The LS and AA @entity1573 fed the same AA diet showed no differences in @entity2090 , @entity20023 , @entity20018 , @entity20020 , @entity20021 , and @entity20022 but did still show differences in @entity20019 . Our data indicate that these select genes may show linked expression during certain periods of development and that differences in gene expression respond differently to nutrient intake in LS and AA @entity1573 .

title: Role of the insulin-like growth factor system in epiphyseal cartilage on the development of Langshan and Arbor Acres XXXX , @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity20018 :: ('396315(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-2', 'Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Results obtained from @entity788 research prove the genesis if free radicals in @entity656 . Xenobiotics, @entity1068 as well as @entity253 will induce a deficiency in antioxidants. In antioxidative treatment @entity11822 as a water soluble redox substance represented an alternative. In the middle of the year 1990 the therapy regime was introduced in Rostock, a short time later in Dresden too. The diagnosis was made by CT enhanced by a contrast medium as well as by clinical and paraclinical parameters. CT was repeated after a week. Up to May 31, 1994 there were 245 @entity1 treated in Rostock and 85 @entity1 in Dresden (n = 330). Immediately after making the diagnosis 200 micrograms were given as a bolus, 800 micrograms in the following 24 hours. From the second day on 500 micrograms of @entity11822 were administered daily. In addition, infusions of @entity3363 , electrolytes (no @entity460 ), fluid and analgetics were given. Lavation of the intestine was made three times daily. With a well-timed @entity4259 therapy the rates of letality, complications and operation dropped drastically. In spite of a constant number of @entity1 no @entity1 has died in Rostock since 1993, in Dresden 8 of 85 @entity1 came ad exitum. Complications occurred if the therapy began too late (if @entity1 were administered too late) and in biliary forms. CONCLUSION: An improvement in the prognosis of @entity656 can be achieved if antioxidative @entity4259 therapy with @entity11822 is introduced in time. In rare cases total @entity39 and complications in organs only occurred in those @entity1 who were admitted to this therapy too late.

title: [Decreasing mortality in @entity656 with XXXX . Clinical results of 4 years antioxidant therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necroses']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity11822 :: ('MESH:D018038', 'Chemical') :: ['selenite', 'sodium selenite']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity11822 :: (MESH:D018038,Chemical) :: ['sodium selenite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The term "Defensive" medicine was coined in the early 1970's and has been an important topic of scientific investigation and professional debate ever since. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of defensive medicine, its reasons, and the extent to which it is practiced in the Turkish health care system. This is the first national survey to study the practice of defensive medicine among neurosurgeons in @entity233 . METHODS: The present cross-sectional study on defensive medicine assessed neurosurgeons registered at the Turkish Neurosurgical Society, who are actively working in various centers and hospitals within the Turkish health care system. A 40-question survey was adapted from existing measures described in the literature and was completed by a total of 404 neurosurgeons, representing 36.7% of the neurosurgeons registered at the Turkish Neurosurgical Society. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the @entity1 in the current study reported practicing defensive medicine. This practice was mainly reported among inexperienced neurosurgeons (74.4%). Most were younger than 40 years of age (75.2%), working in state hospitals/universities (72.7%), and living in the Marmara region (38%). Respondents reported engaging in defensive medicine by avoiding high-risk surgery (62.6%), ordering additional imaging studies (60.9%) and laboratory tests (33.7%), and referring @entity1 to consultants (31.2%). Most @entity1 consider every @entity1 as a potential threat in terms of a medical lawsuit (68.3%) and do not believe the courts can distinguish malpractice from complications (89.6%). CONCLUSION: Concerns and perceptions about medical liability lead neurosurgeons to practice defensive medicine. By avoiding high-risk surgery, ordering unnecessary diagnostic tests, and referring the @entity1 to consultants, neurosurgeons try to minimize the risk of malpractice and protect themselves from legal risks, resulting in higher healthcare expenditure and longer treatment periods.

title: Health Transformation Project and Defensive Medicine Practice among Neurosurgeons in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity1 with essential @entity9663 were treated with botulinum toxin by injection. The onset of protractor weakness in all @entity1 ranged from one to five days following treatment. Maximal weakness developed within 12 days. There was a variable and gradual return of protractor strength over eight to 29 weeks in most @entity1 and, with it, a return of @entity2473 . Twenty-five @entity1 received some degree of functional relief following initial injection. In most @entity1 , however, the post-injection result could not be stabilized and repeat injections have been necessary to control recurrent spasms. There was one treatment failure. Three @entity1 treated by injection following previous neurectomy and myectomy appeared to have a reduced requirement for subsequent injections. Complications included transient @entity1736 in six @entity1 and mild exposure symptoms in four @entity1 . @entity1269 did not occur. There were no systemic side effects from the botulinum toxin injections.

title: Botulinum toxin for the treatment of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['Extraocular muscle paresis']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: Six @entity6498 hatchlings were non-invasively measured for electrocardiogram (ECG) from their chest wall using flexible electrodes, and the instantaneous heart rate (IHR) was determined from ECG throughout the first week of post-hatching life. Although the baseline heart rate (HR) was low, approximately 100-200 beats per min (bpm), compared with @entity1573 hatchlings, the IHR fluctuated markedly. The fluctuation of IHR comprised HR variability and irregularities that were designated as types I, II and III in @entity1573 hatchlings and additional large accelerations distinctive of @entity6498 hatchlings. Type I was @entity299 with a mean frequency of 0.37 Hz (range 0.2-0.7 Hz), i.e. respiratory sinus @entity943 (RSA). From RSA, breathing frequency in @entity6498 hatchlings was estimated to be approximately half of that in @entity1573 . @entity299 was also found in the @entity6498 ; the frequency ranged from approximately 0.04 to 0.1 with a mean of 0.06 Hz, and the magnitude tended to be large compared with that of @entity1573 . In addition to type III HRI, which was designated in @entity1573 , large, irregular HR accelerations were characteristic of @entity6498 hatchlings. From IHR data, developmental patterns of mean heart rate (MHR) were constructed and plotted on a single graph to inspect the diurnal rhythm of MHR by visual inspection and power spectrum analysis. A circadian rhythm was not clear in the @entity6498 hatchlings, in contrast to @entity1573 hatchlings, which showed a dominant diurnal rhythm.

title: Cardiac rhythms in developing XXXX hatchlings.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Type II HR oscillation', 'HR oscillation']

answer: @entity6498 :: (8790,Species) :: ['emu']