abstract: Cardiac transplantation is predicted to improve survival for @entity1 with severe symptoms of @entity712 and ejection fraction of 20% or less, but the exercise capacity after cardiac transplantation is less than normal. @entity1 responding to vasodilators and diuretics have progressive improvement in exercise capacity despite low ejection fraction. We hypothesized that among @entity1 currently considered appropriate for transplantation who could nonetheless subsequently be stabilized on medical therapy tailored to hemodynamic goals, survivors after 6 months of sustained medical therapy would demonstrate exercise capacity comparable to that of survivors of transplantation. Of 146 @entity1 referred, 118 (81%) were discharged on tailored therapy without transplantation, and 88 (60%) were stable for at least 1 month. Stability after discharge was more likely in @entity1 with lower right atrial pressures and better renal function on therapy. Of the 88 stable @entity1 , 45 @entity1 were listed for transplant, and 43 were ineligible or unwilling. From these @entity1 , 42 survivors for more than 6 months follow-up after cardiac transplantation or tailoring of medical therapy underwent exercise testing. Baseline functional and hemodynamic status and left ventricular ejection fraction (15 +/- 4%) were not different between the transplant and sustained medical survivor groups at the time of initial evaluation. After 14 +/- 6 months, left ventricular ejection fraction had increased to 62 +/- 7% after transplantation (p less than 0.01) and only 22 +/- 9% after sustained medical therapy (p less than 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the maximum workload, @entity26 uptake, anaerobic threshold, or maximum @entity26 pulse between survivors of cardiac transplantation and survivors on sustained medical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exercise capacity for survivors of cardiac transplantation or sustained medical therapy for stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the persistence in adulthood of @entity2338 diagnosed in childhood and treated with hGH in childhood and to study whether anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary alterations evaluated by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could predict it. To this goal, in six GHD adults (3 males and 3 females aged 17.2-24.5 yr, BMI 21.8 +/- 1.3), we studied anterior pituitary hormone response to @entity7704 (1 microgram/kg iv)+ @entity4836 (120 mg po)+ @entity1176 (100 micrograms iv) + @entity1218 (400 micrograms iv)+hCRH (100 micrograms iv) as well as brain MR imaging. In childhood, the diagnosis of severe @entity3491 had been done based on auxological findings as well as on GH response < 7 micrograms/L after two classical provocative stimuli. In the present study, hormonal responses showed the persistence of severe @entity3491 in 4 out of 6 @entity1 (peak, mean +/- SEM: 3.8 +/- 0.6, range 2.6-4.8 micrograms/L). In these @entity1 , @entity442 levels were found low or low-normal. In other 2 @entity1 , a clear GH response to stimulation (peak: 51.3 and 43.0 micrograms/L, respectively) together with normal @entity442 levels were found. No other anterior @entity7961 was present in all subjects. MR imaging showed @entity4611 in all @entity1 with persistent GHD; in 2 out of them, pituitary stalk interruption and ectopic neurohypophysis was also present. On the other hand, MR imaging showed normal hypothalamo-pituitary morphology in the 2 subjects with normal somatotrope response. In conclusion, our present data indicate that testing with a potent stimulus such as @entity7704 + @entity4836 is a reliable method to assess the persistence of @entity2338 which associates with anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary alterations at the MR imaging. @entity1 with transient @entity2338 in childhood and normal pituitary GH reserve in adulthood have normal hypothalamic-pituitary MR imaging.

title: Is the persistence of isolated XXXX in adulthood predicted by anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary alterations?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated GHD']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity2338 :: (MESH:D004393,Disease) :: ['GH deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the past 30 years, Portugal has been described as one of the countries with highest median blood pressure levels in Europe, but the incidence of @entity101 is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity101 , according to socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles. METHODS: A population-based cohort of randomly selected dwellers from Porto, Portugal, aged >=  18 years, was assembled in 1999-2003 (EPIPorto study) and 796 @entity101 -free individuals (62.6% @entity1 ) were reassessed after a median of 3.8 years. @entity101 was defined as blood pressure >=  140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive drug therapy. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate was 47.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 40.5-55.5] per 1000 @entity1 -years. Among @entity1 , the incidence was 43.4 (35.6-53.1) and among @entity1 52.7 (41.3-68.0) per 1000 @entity1 -years. The incidence was lower in @entity1 up to 60 years and much higher among @entity1 above 60 (110.0 vs. 64.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years among @entity1 , p for age-sex interaction = 0.032). @entity1 with higher education had a lower risk of becoming @entity101 (>=  13 years vs.  <= 4 years: RR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.46-1.08, p for linear trend <0.001), independently of age and sex. Overweight and @entity28 were associated with a 1.67-fold and 2.44-fold increased risk of @entity101 , respectively, independently of age, sex and education. CONCLUSIONS: In this urban Portuguese population the incidence rate of @entity101 was high, with new cases occurring predominantly among older subjects, the less educated and those with overweight- @entity28 . Despite recent progresses in blood pressure related outcomes, the risk of @entity101 remains higher in Portugal than in other developed countries.

title: Incidence of XXXX in a prospective cohort study of adults from Porto, Portugal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Morgue is a unique ubiquitination protein that influences programmed cell death and circadian rhythms in @entity238 . We have found that over-expression of wild-type Morgue results in organismal lethality. This over-expression phenotype was used as the basis for an in vivo functional assay to investigate the importance of the Morgue zinc finger, F box, Ubiquitin E2 Conjugase Variant (UEV) domain, and active site @entity2228 residue. Removal of the @entity219 finger or UEV domain reduced Morgue's ability to induce lethality and enhance cell death. In contrast, lack of the F box as well as several different substitutions of the active site @entity2228 did not alter Morgue-induced lethality or cell death enhancement. To further characterize Morgue functions, a Flag:Morgue protein was used to isolate Morgue-associated proteins from whole adult @entity238 . Mass spectrometry analysis of the Morgue-associated proteins identified @entity41628 as well as a ubiquitin multimer. The identification of @entity41628 is consistent with previous in vitro studies and further suggests Morgue acts in an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. The identification of poly-ubiquitin was unexpected and this interaction had not been previously identified. The associated poly-ubiquitin was found to exhibit a Lys-48 topology, consistent with distinct functions of Morgue in proteasome-mediated protein turnover. Multiple regions of Morgue were subsequently shown to be required for poly-ubiquitin binding. Overall, Morgue is a novel multi-functional ubiquitin-binding protein.

title: XXXX morgue associates with @entity41628 and polyubiquitin in vivo.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We explore the relationship among BMI, habitual diet, and the @entity21086 polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity5601 )gamma2. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The @entity21086 variant was characterized in 343 unrelated type 2 @entity6 @entity1 who were consecutively seen at the outpatient clinic of a health district of the province of Naples. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured; habitual diet was assessed by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall frequency of Ala12 was 12% (n = 42). BMI was significantly higher in Ala carriers than non-Ala carriers, whereas total daily energy intake or macronutrient composition of the diet were similar in the two groups. For further analysis, @entity1 were stratified according to genotype and sex-specific quartiles of energy intake. BMI increased in both genotype groups with increasing energy intake (P < 0.03). BMI was similar in Ala carriers and non-Ala carriers (30.0 vs. 30.1 kg/m2, P > 0.10) in the lower quartile of energy intake but significantly higher in Ala carriers in the upper quartile (36.0 vs. 32.1 kg/m2, P < 0.001). Average daily energy intake and diet composition were comparable within each quartile for carriers or noncarriers of the Ala allele. Relative to the noncarriers, Ala carriers had a significantly lower energy intake per kilogram body weight, thus suggesting that the Ala allele is associated with a higher food efficiency. The confounding role of medications, @entity413 control, and physical exercise was ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of a differential susceptibility to fat accumulation, and, hence, @entity1017 , in response to habitual high energy intake for Ala carriers compared with Pro/Pro homozygotes.

title: Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma2 locus modulates the relationship between energy intake and body weight in type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21086 :: ('p|SUB|P|12|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro12Ala']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: GOALS OF WORK: The purpose of the study was to describe how interaction about changes in illness and prognosis was shaped by @entity1 in outpatient palliative @entity5 care consultations. @entity1 AND METHODS: The data collection involved six video-recorded consultations at an outpatient oncology unit at a university hospital in Sweden. The interactions were studied by means of discourse analysis. Inclusion criteria for the @entity1 were @entity5 and receiving palliative care. The sample included three @entity1 and three @entity1 , aged 54-70, with various metastasised @entity5 . Significant others (SOs) were included where @entity1 brought one to the consultation. Three male consultants aged 55-59 participated. MAIN RESULTS: In palliative care consultations, the @entity1 -to- @entity1 and the @entity1 -professional conversation frames were found to be in use as @entity1 , SOs and physicians talked about the @entity1 ' illness and prognosis. Within the @entity1 -professional frame, three interactional patterns were found: the @entity1 emphasising emotional experiences of illness or well-being and the physicians responding by toning down strategies, @entity1 asking direct questions and getting straight answers and finally interaction marked by cautiousness and avoidances. Within the @entity1 - @entity1 frame, the interactions were described as: playful talk, collegial talk and existential talk. CONCLUSIONS: When @entity1 shared their personal interpretations of illness and prognosis, their narrative was more enhanced by the @entity1 -to- @entity1 frame than the @entity1 -professional frame. Finding out if and how @entity1 and SOs want to express their worries and finding a balance between the interactional patterns that occur are ethical challenges which health professionals must face. Since @entity1 and SOs may restrain their emotional experiences, investigating grounded ways of overcoming these difficulties is imperative.

title: Ways of talking about illness and prognosis in palliative XXXX care consultations--two interactional frames.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal tumours', 'cancer', 'gastro-intestinal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common sites of origin for @entity3270 are gastrointestinal tract and its accessory glands, and lungs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred fifty cases diagnosed with metastatic @entity75 were retrieved from hospital records within 5 years. For these cases, the primary @entity5 , histopathological classification, @entity3 , treatment, and fate all were studied. RESULTS: Intracranial deposits were detected in 10%. The @entity75 was in the lungs in 87% of @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 in the breast and 1 in esophagus. Pathological classification of the @entity75 was Grade 2 ( @entity1758 : 3-20%) in 1 @entity1 and @entity3270 ( @entity1758 : >= 21%) in 14 @entity1 . The median period from onset of the @entity75 up to diagnosis of brain @entity3 was 12.8 months. About 33% of @entity1 had a single @entity3 whereas 67% @entity1 had multiple @entity3 . Brain @entity3 was extirpated in 33% of @entity1 . Stereotactic radiotherapy alone was administered in 20% of @entity1 , and brain @entity3 was favorably controlled in most of the @entity1 with coadministration of cranial irradiation as appropriate. The median survival period from diagnosis of brain @entity3 was 8.1 months. CONCLUSION: Most of @entity1 with brain @entity3 from @entity3270 showed the @entity75 in the lungs, and they had multiple @entity3 to the liver, lymph nodes, bones, and so forth at the time of diagnosis of brain @entity3 . The guidelines for accurate diagnosis and treatment of @entity3270 should be immediately established based on further analyses of those @entity1 with brain @entity3 .

title: Assessment of intracranial XXXX from @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Helmet therapy is widely accepted in the treatment of severe positional @entity9283 . The improvement of the cranial asymmetry under therapy is evident, but parents are also concerned about the ear shift. Our study investigated the influence of helmet therapy on the position of the ears and analyzed the reliability of clinical observations regarding cranial asymmetry and ear shift. METHODS: Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry of 80 @entity1 with severe positional @entity9283 was performed before and after helmet therapy. The cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) and ear shift were measured and statistically compared. The correlation between the change of CVAI and ear shift was investigated. Three surgeons visually evaluated the treatment results on three-dimensional images independently with a standard questionnaire. The results were compared with the three-dimensional measurements. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 had a relevant initial ear shift. Under therapy, the shift was improved significantly by a mean of 29.8% (P < 0.001). Twenty @entity1 with an initial straight ear line statistically deteriorate under therapy (P < 0.0001). We found no strong linear correlation between the changes of the CVAI and the ear shift. Analysis of the questionnaire revealed a good correlation between the clinical impression and three-dimensional measurements for the head asymmetry, whereas observations regarding changes in the ear shift were not reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Helmet treatment significantly improves an initial malposition of the external ear in @entity1 with positional @entity9283 . A severe ear shift can be associated with a moderate @entity949 . In contrast to the CVAI, small changes of the ear shift cannot be evaluated reliably by clinical investigation.

title: Does helmet therapy influence the ear shift in positional XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity949 :: ('MESH:C566356', 'Disease') :: ['CVAI and vice versa']

answer: @entity9283 :: (MESH:D059041,Disease) :: ['plagiocephaly']


abstract: Prions are infectious protein particles that replicate by templating their aggregated state onto soluble protein of the same type. Originally identified as the causative agent of transmissible spongiform @entity75 , prions in @entity375 ( @entity375 ) are epigenetic elements of inheritance that induce phenotypic changes of their host cells. The prototype @entity375 prion is the translation termination factor @entity16578 . Prions composed of @entity16578 or its modular prion domain NM are heritable and are transmitted vertically to progeny or horizontally during mating. Interestingly, in @entity1 cells, protein aggregates derived from @entity375 @entity16578 NM behave as true infectious entities that employ dissemination strategies similar to those of @entity1 prions. While transmission is most efficient when cells are in direct contact, we demonstrate here that cytosolic @entity16578 NM prions are also released into the extracellular space in association with nanometer-sized membrane vesicles. Importantly, extracellular vesicles are biologically active and are taken up by recipient cells, where they induce self-sustained @entity16578 NM protein aggregation. Thus, in @entity1 cells, extracellular vesicles can serve as dissemination vehicles for protein-based epigenetic information transfer. IMPORTANCE: Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles that propagate by templating their quaternary structure onto nascent proteins of the same kind. Prions in @entity375 act as heritable epigenetic elements that can alter the phenotype when transmitted to daughter cells or during mating. Prion activity is conferred by so-called prion domains often enriched in @entity3264 and @entity2734 residues. Interestingly, many @entity1 proteins also contain domains with compositional similarity to @entity375 prion domains. We have recently provided a proof-of-principle demonstration that a @entity375 prion domain also retains its prion activity in @entity1 cells. We demonstrate here that cytosolic prions composed of a @entity375 prion domain are also packaged into extracellular vesicles that transmit the prion phenotype to bystander cells. Thus, proteins with prion-like domains can behave as proteinaceous information molecules that exploit the cellular vesicle trafficking machinery for intercellular long-distance dissemination.

title: Horizontal Transmission of Cytosolic XXXX Prions by Extracellular Vesicles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity16578 :: (851752(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Sup35']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to changes in @entity5 -related risk factors, improvements in diagnostic procedures and treatments, and the aging of the population, in most developed countries @entity5 accounts for an increasing proportion of health care expenditures. The analysis of @entity5 -related costs is a topic of several economic and epidemiological studies and represents a research area of great interest to public health planners and policy makers. In Italy studies are limited either to some specific types of expenditures or to specific groups of @entity5 @entity1 . Aim of the paper is to estimate the distribution of @entity5 survivors and associated health care expenditures according to a disease pathway which identifies three clinically relevant phases: initial (one year following diagnosis), continuing (between initial and final) and final (one year before death). METHODS: The methodology proposed is based on the reconstruction of patterns of care at individual level by combining different data sources, surveillance data and administrative data, in areas covered by @entity5 registration. RESULTS: A total @entity14 -related expenditure of 77.8 million @entity7634 for 18012 @entity1 (corresponding to about 4300 @entity7634 per capita) is estimated in 2006 in two Italian areas located in Tuscany and Veneto regions, respectively. Cost of care varies according to the care pathway: 11% of @entity1 were in the initial phase, and consumed 34% of total expenditure; @entity1 in the final (6%) and in the continuing (83%) phase consumed 23% and 43% of the budget, respectively. There is an association between patterns of care/costs and @entity1 characteristics such as stage and age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This paper represents the first attempt to attribute health care expenditures in Italy to specific phases of disease, according to varying treatment approaches, surveillance strategies and management of relapses, palliative care. The association between stage at diagnosis, profile of therapies and costs supports the idea that primary prevention and early detection play an important role in a public health perspective. Results from this pilot study encourage the use of such analyses in a public health perspective, to increase understanding of @entity1 outcomes and economic consequences of differences in policies related to @entity5 screening, treatment, and programs of care.

title: Cost profiles of @entity14 XXXX in Italy based on individual patterns of care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2332 is defined as a condition in which core temperature (rectal, esophageal, or tympanic) reaches values below 35 degrees C. This may be accidental, metabolic, or therapeutic. The accidental form is frequent in cold-climate countries and rare in those with tropical or subtropical climate. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrocardiographic changes of @entity1 with @entity2332 . METHODS: In 59 @entity1 with @entity2332 , the following electrocardiogram parameters were analyzed: rhythm and heart rate (HR), P-wave characteristics, PR-interval duration, QRS-complex duration, presence of J wave and its location characteristics, polarity, voltage, aspect and its correlation with the degree of @entity2332 , changes in T wave regarding its polarity and characteristics, duration of the QT interval corrected for HR using both Bazett and Friderica formulas, and possible presence of both supraventricular and @entity943 were independently and blindly analyzed in the tracings by experienced cardiologists. RESULTS: In 6 @entity1 , electrocardiogram was normal. Sinus @entity1168 was observed in 52.5% of the @entity1 . J wave was present in 51 @entity1 , and its voltage correlated inversely and was statistically significantly with the core temperature. Changes in T wave were observed in 47.4% of the cases. QT interval, adjusted for HR, was prolonged in 72.8% of the cases. @entity11233 was found in 6 cases, total @entity713 in 3 cases, and junctional rhythm and @entity955 in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Electrocardiogram changes in @entity2332 are frequent and characteristic for this entity improving diagnosis in usually unconscious @entity1 , and in many cases, it may be the diagnostic clue in @entity1 with conscience @entity51 , even in @entity1 from a tropical climate where the population at risk may be exposed to temperatures below 20 degrees C.

title: Electrocardiographic changes by XXXX in an urban and a tropical region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity11233 :: ('MESH:D016170', 'Disease') :: ['Idioventricular rhythm']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in emergency units']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['accidental hypothermia']


abstract: Kinetics of @entity4664 synthesis and degradation were studied in @entity19 fibroblasts growing in suspension culture. The approach was to prelabel cells with radioactive polyamines and to observe the rate of loss of radioactivity and the rate of decrease in specific activity of these compounds in cells. Radioactive @entity7224 declined with a half-life of 1.5-2h, whether derived directly from exogenous @entity7224 or indirectly from @entity7222 . Much of this turnover was due to excretion, the kinetics of which suggested that a steady-state was being established between @entity7224 inside and outside the cells. Within 5h of medium change, cells growing at a density of 5x10(5)cells/ml had supplied @entity7224 to the medium to a concentration of about 1mum. When cells were prelabelled with either @entity7224 or @entity11667 , radioactivity in cell @entity11667 declined with a half-life of 60h. This rate of turnover is sufficient to provide all the @entity8037 required by the cell. @entity8037 synthesis was the only observed reaction of @entity11667 , although some excretion into the growth medium was detected. @entity8037 was not degraded at a detectable rate as long as cells were growing exponentially; in stationary phase, degradation to @entity11667 , which was excreted, became significant. The half-lives of the specific activities of @entity8037 , @entity11667 and @entity7224 were 24, 15 and 1.5h respectively. From these values, the rate of synthesis of each was calculated. @entity11667 was synthesized at 6.8 times the rate of @entity8037 , and @entity7224 was synthesized at 0.46nmol/10(6)cells per h, twice the rate of @entity11667 . The significance of these kinetic parameters is discussed.

title: Kinetics of @entity4664 synthesis and turnover in XXXX fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine', 'Spermine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine', 'spermidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the rate of complications of transluminally placed endovascular stent-grafts in @entity1 with @entity1028 and to assess efficacy of secondary radiologic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 28 @entity1 , covered @entity5648 stents were implanted. Frequency and outcome of complications were evaluated after stent-graft placement (mean follow-up, 8.2 months). RESULTS: In 27 @entity1 , 11 tube and 16 bifurcated grafts were implanted successfully. In one (4%) @entity1 , distal migration of a bifurcated graft necessitated conversion to standard open repair. Technical success rates (successful deployment of the device and complete exclusion of the @entity439 at intraoperative angiography) for bifurcated and tube grafts were 24% (four of 17 @entity1 ) and 91% (10 of 11 @entity1 ). After surgery, leaks were seen in six bifurcated and five tube grafts. After secondary intervention, the final exclusion rate for bifurcated and tube grafts was 88% (15 of 17 @entity1 ) and 100% (11 of 11 @entity1 ), respectively; the overall success rate was 93% (26 of 28 @entity1 ) for exclusion of aortic @entity439 . Stent-graft @entity715 necessitated local thrombolysis in one @entity1 . Overlapping of accessory renal arteries occurred in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Complications after stent-graft placement in @entity1028 are frequent. Secondary radiologic intervention is successful in most cases.

title: Treatment of XXXX with transfemoral placement of stent-grafts: complications and secondary radiologic intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy (PN) has traditionally been the treatment of choice for central @entity2 for which the alternative is sleeve lobectomy (SL). The aim of this study was to compare early and long-term results after SL and PN in focusing on T3 central @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent SL (n=58) or PN (n=42) were retrospectively analyzed. For bias reduction, these 100 @entity1 had been selected according to the following criteria: (I) @entity5 located in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina; (II) there were no N2 disease; (III) no induction therapy was applied; (IV) complete resection (R0) was achieved. RESULTS: SL and PN @entity1 had comparable mean ages, gender distribution, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), stage and @entity5 grade. Postoperative mortality (3.4% vs. 4.8%, P=1.0) and morbidity (41% vs. 38%, P=0.74) were similar between the two groups. Recurrences occurred in 48% of @entity1 after SL and in 31% of those after PN (P=0.08). The 5-year survival after SL (64.8%) and PN (61.4%) was not significantly different (P=0.20). Multivariable survival analysis showed that there were no independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: SL does not compromise survival for @entity1149 with @entity6220 compared with PN. It is an adequate oncologic resection and should be treated as the first line intervention whenever complete resection can be achieved.

title: For @entity1149 with XXXX , sleeve lobectomy or pneumonectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['T3 central disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity6220 :: (MESH:D020279,Disease) :: ['T3 (central) disease']


abstract: The authors examined 204 @entity1 after a two-year interval following endoscopic and surgical polypectomy resp. of an @entity652 . The group comprised 67 @entity1 (32.8%) with a metachronous @entity6523 . In none of these @entity1 @entity189 was diagnosed. In @entity1 where originally a solitary @entity652 was diagnosed a metachronous @entity652 developed in 14%. In the group with originally synchronous polyps a metachronous polyp developed in 85.2%. The male:female ratio during the original examination and after two years in relation to an @entity652 did not change significantly. The test for occult blood in the faeces made by the Haemoccult test gave in 3% falsely positive results and in 27% falsely negative results. According to the results of the examination the two-year interval is sufficient for repeated coloscopy within the framework of dispensarization of @entity1 after polypectomy. In exceptional cases the interval of the check-up must be adjusted to the @entity1 's condition with regard to the follow up by and collaboration with the general practitioner.

title: [Results of colonoscopic examination 2 years after polypectomy of an intestinal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the large intestine', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyp']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: One case of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is here reported. A 45 year old male presented with abrupt onset of rapidly progressing @entity425 and @entity3043 . On examination there was no organomegaly. Peripheral blood examination revealed normocytic normochromic red blood cells with 10% circulating blasts. Flowcytometric examination of peripheral blood revealed blasts which were positive for @entity2280 , HLA- DR and myeloid associated antigens (i.e. @entity10793 and @entity1116 ). Blasts were negative for anti MPO. Bone marrow aspirate resulted in a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy revealed panmyeloid proliferation with scattered blasts which were @entity2280 positive on imunohistochemistry and negative for anti MPO. @entity34576 stain showed grade III @entity4018 (WHO). Differential diagnosis considered included @entity3052 , @entity7139 with @entity2590 . He was started on chemotherapy [ @entity8779 and @entity2592 ; 3+7 induction regimen followed by three cycles of HIDAC (High dose @entity2592 )] after which @entity1 was in complete morphological remission with markedly reduced @entity4018 . He is now being worked up for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. @entity1 is asymptomatic at eight months of diagnosis. In conclusion these @entity1 should be managed aggressively with AML therapy and this case report reaffirms the fact that @entity697 is subtype of AML.

title: XXXX with @entity4018 - a rare subtype of @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis', 'APMF']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['MDS-RAEB II and AML']

entities_list: @entity34576 :: ('CHEBI:24750', 'Chemical') :: ['Reticulin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['low backache, weakness']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow fibrosis', 'myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute panmyelosis']


abstract: In addition to the recognized @entity35 liver nuclear T3 receptor extractable with hypertonic salt, recent studies have described nucleoplasmic receptors extractable with isotonic @entity4338 and salt-resistant receptors localized to the nuclear matrix. A method was developed for the determination of intra-nuclear receptor distribution in small samples of nuclei dispersed within glass wool matrices. After in vitro labelling with 6 nmol/l [125I]T3, dispersed nuclei were sequentially extracted with 0.15 mol/l @entity4338 (yielding nucleoplasmic receptors), 0.4 mol/l @entity4338 . and 2 mol/l @entity4338 (the latter two concentrations yielding hypertonic salt-extractable receptors). The salt-resistant receptors were retained within the glass wool columns. The intra-nuclear distribution of in vivo labelled receptors was very similar to that obtained by in vitro labelling. The equilibrium association constants for L-T3 binding among the receptor pools ranged from 0.6 X 10(9) to 1.0 X 10(9) l/mol. The distribution of total nuclear receptors within each nuclear compartment was (percentage of nucleoplasmic, hypertonic salt-extractable, and salt-resistant receptors): Cerebrum: 23.6, 52.2, 24.2; Liver: 25.2, 57.2, 17.5; Kidney: 45.9, 33.5, 20.6; Testis: 65.5, 14.7, 19.7; and Spleen: 66.7, 18.7, 14.6. The rank order of percentage of hypertonic salt-extractable receptors approximates the rank order of thyroid hormone-responsiveness by traditional criteria. The inverse is true for the percentage of nucleoplasmic receptors. The percentage of salt-resistant receptors was very similar in all of the tissues.

title: Tissue-specific differences in the compartmentalization of XXXX nuclear triiodothyronine receptors.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity951 is a frequent symptom of severe @entity340 ( @entity472 ), even in the presence of normal coronary arteries. To determine the prevalence of angiographically significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and its relation to @entity951 and coronary risk factors in severe isolated @entity340 @entity1 . All cases of symptomatic @entity472 @entity1 who underwent aortic valve replacement and preoperative cardiac catheterization at the Central Chest Hospital between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1996 were retrospectively analyzed. Excluded were those with multiple @entity340 , @entity337 of grade 2 or more, and prior coronary or valve surgery. A total of ninety consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity472 (64 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 , mean age 58.94 years, range 38 to 71) were studied. Significant @entity453 (coronary diameter stenoses > or = 50%) was found in 15 @entity1 (16.7%). Typical @entity951 was present in 66.7 per cent of them but it was also found in 46.7 per cent of the non- @entity453 @entity1 . This symptom had low positive predictive value (22%). Of the @entity1 without @entity951 (n = 45) 11.1 per cent had significant @entity453 , The negative predictive @entity951 was thus 89 per cent. By univariate logistic regression, the statistically significant variables to discriminate those with or without significant @entity453 were age, history of @entity101 , positive familial history of premature @entity453 , and @entity165 level. However, only age and @entity101 were statistically significant by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Coronary arteriography can probably be omitted in severe @entity340 , especially those without a history of @entity101 and < 40 years of age in @entity1 and < 50 years in @entity1 . For all other cases, coronary arteriography is recommended. In our study, @entity951 is not a significant predictor for associated @entity453 .

title: Frequency of @entity951 and XXXX in severe isolated @entity340 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina pectoris', 'value of angina alone', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular AS', 'valvular aortic stenosis', 'valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Results of 131I whole body scans and measurements of @entity3745 (Tg) in the follow-up of 85 @entity1 with @entity259 were analysed in a retrospective study. All @entity1 were assumed to be @entity5 -free after therapy. During follow-up, @entity5 recurrence was observed in 11 @entity1 . Out of 24 131I scans performed for suspected recurrence, @entity5 was localized in 5. Out of 71 routinely performed 131I scans and Tg measurements during hormone withdrawal, new pathologies were observed in each of two cases one year after the last therapy. 10 out of 11 @entity5 recurrences were observed in a high-risk group of 40 @entity1 with follicular histology or stage III or IV (UICC 1987). One recurrence occurred in a low-risk group of 41 @entity1 with papillary histology and UICC stage I or II. Later than one year after therapy no recurrence was observed in any @entity1 who belonged to the low-risk group. These results indicate that 131I scans and Tg measurements under endogenous TSH stimulation are necessary in cases of suspected recurrences and probably on a routine basis one year after the last therapy in all @entity1 . In the event of an inconspicuous further course this diagnostic procedure should be restricted to special high-risk groups. Using a cut-off level of 5 ng/ml as compared to 10 ng/ml, the number of false-negative Tg results under suppressive therapy decreased clearly whereas that of the "false-positive" results increased less pronounced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX , 131I-whole body scintigraphy and risk factors in the follow-up of @entity259 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['Thyroglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bipolar Comprehensive Outcomes Study (BCOS) is a 2-year, prospective, non-interventional, observational study designed to explore the clinical and functional outcomes associated with 'real-world' treatment of @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity914 . All @entity1 received treatment as usual. There was no study medication. METHODS: @entity1 prescribed either @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ; n   =   155) alone, or @entity1037 with, or without, @entity1316 ( @entity1037        @entity1316 ; n   =   84) were assessed every 3   months using several measures, including the Young Mania Rating Scale, 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar Version, and the EuroQol Instrument. This paper reports 24-month longitudinal clinical, pharmacological, functional, and socioeconomic data. RESULTS: On average, @entity1 were 42 (range 18 to 79) years of age, 58%; were female, and 73%; had a diagnosis of @entity162 . Polypharmacy was the usual approach to pharmacological treatment; @entity1 took a median of 5 different psychotropic medications over the course of the study, and spent a median proportion of time of 100%; of the study on mood stabilizers, 90%; on antipsychotics, 9%; on antidepressants, and 5%; on @entity1245 /hypnotics. By 24   months, the majority of @entity1 had achieved both symptomatic and syndromal remission of both @entity162 and @entity308 . Symptomatic relapse rates were similar for both the @entity1316 alone (65%;) and the @entity1037        @entity1316 (61%;) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity914 in this study were receiving complex medication treatments that were often discordant with recommendations made in contemporary major treatment guidelines. The majority of study @entity1 demonstrated some clinical and functional improvements, but not all achieved @entity1109 .

title: Treatment and outcomes of an Australian cohort of outpatients with @entity162 or XXXX over twenty-four months: implications for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['remission of symptoms or syndrome']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['conventional mood stabilizers', 'CMS']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: Using the in vivo whole cell recording procedure described previously, we recorded 73 neurons in laminae I and II in the lumbar spinal cord of the @entity35 . Input impedances averaged 332 MOmega, which indicated that prior sharp electrode recordings contained a significant current shunt. Characterization of the adequate stimuli from the excitatory hindlimb receptive field indicated that 39 of 73 neurons were nociceptive, 6 were innocuous cooling cells, 20 responded maximally to brush, and 8 cells were not excited by stimulation of the skin of the hindlimb. The locations of 15 neurons were marked with biocytin. Nociceptive neurons were mostly found in lamina I and outer II, cooling cells in lamina I, and innocuous mechanoreceptive cells were mostly found in inner II or in the overlying white matter. The mu-opioid agonist [ @entity27241 , @entity44391 (4), Gly(5)-ol]- @entity10971 ( @entity7862 ) hyperpolarized 7 of 19 tested neurons with a conductance increase. This hyperpolarization was reversed by @entity1510 in the neurons in which it was applied. @entity7862 also decreased the frequency of spontaneous PSPs in 13 neurons, 7 of which were also hyperpolarized by @entity7862 . Five of the seven hyperpolarized neurons were nociceptive, responding to both heat and mechanically noxious stimuli, whereas two responded to slow, innocuous brush. These results indicate that whole cell, tight seal recordings sample a similar population of lamina I and II neurons in the @entity35 as those found with sharp electrode recordings in cat and monkey. They further indicate that @entity7862 hyperpolarizes a subset of the nociceptive neurons that have input from both heat and mechanical nociceptors and that presynaptic @entity7862 effects can be observed in nociceptive neurons that are not hyperpolarized by @entity7862 .

title: Spinal laminae I-II neurons in XXXX recorded in vivo in whole cell, tight seal configuration: properties and opioid responses.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether persistence of @entity2371 after excision of @entity46 was associated with @entity1870 as defined by a thickened uterine junctional zone (JZ) on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Government research hospital. @entity1 (S): Fifty-three @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . INTERVENTION(S): Preoperative MR imaging to measure uterine JZ thickness, surgical excision, and pathologic diagnosis of @entity46 . Those with biopsy-proven @entity46 were randomized to @entity441 or placebo. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to rate @entity1834 and @entity158 severity before surgery and 3 months later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Comparison of JZ thickness and @entity158 severity before and 3 months after surgery in @entity1 with @entity46 controlling for medical treatment. RESULT(S): Forty of the 53 @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity46 , and 6 of these 40 @entity1 with @entity46 had a thickened JZ. Overall, @entity1834 at 3 months was positively correlated with preoperative JZ thickness (r = 0.47, P=.01). @entity158 severity showed no significant decrease in those @entity1 whose JZ measured >or=11 mm compared with those with JZ <8 mm (P<.0001; VAS decreased 4.3 +/- 0.6), or >or=8 and <11 mm (P<.02; VAS decreased 4.8 +/- 1.3). @entity158 severity was correlated with JZ thickness (r = 0.51, P=.004) at 3 months with a significant decrease in @entity158 only in @entity1 with a JZ <8 mm (VAS decreased 4.0 +/- 0.7, P<.0001). The association between @entity1834 and @entity158 reduction and thinner JZ remained after controlling for medical treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Following surgical excision of @entity1118 was significantly more likely to persist with JZ thickness >11mm on preoperative MR imaging. This suggests that @entity66 or @entity1870 may contribute to chronic @entity2371 in @entity1 with @entity46 .

title: Persistence of @entity1834 and @entity158 after optimal XXXX surgery may indicate @entity1870 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial JZ abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonmenstrual pain', 'pain', 'Nonmenstrual pain', 'Dysmenorrhea pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Thirty seven @entity1 aged 70 and over (mean = 74 years) with an @entity1653 who had craniotomy between the years 1978-88 were reviewed. There were 20 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 . Resection was total in 28 (76%) and subtotal in 9 (24%) cases and each @entity5 was histologically verified. The location of the @entity5 were: base of skull 11, convexity 10, parasagittal 9, falx 6, and tentorial 1. The most frequent associated diseases were: @entity101 (35%), chronic @entity299 (22%) @entity1030 (19%), and @entity6 (14%). The Karnofsky Scale (KS) score before surgery ranged from 30 to 90 (mean = 59). It was less than 40 in ten @entity1 . The length of anaesthesia during the surgical procedure varied from 4 to 12 hours and was not related to the outcome. There were two perioperative @entity204 (mortality = 5.4%). There were major complications in 8 @entity1 and minor complications in 7 @entity1 . In a mean follow up period of 29 months (shortest 6 and longest 96 months) the results were: excellent (KS 90-100) 39%, good (KS 70-80) 49%, fair (KS 60) 6%, and poor (KS 40-50) 6%. The difference between the mean preoperative KS value (KS = 59) and the mean postoperative KS value (KS = 80) was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The results support a more aggressive therapeutic approach to the elderly @entity1 with an @entity1653 .

title: Surgical outcome in an elderly population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningioma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide evidence-based guidelines for using @entity7828 for the prevention of preterm birth (PTB). METHODS: Relevant documents, in particular randomized trials, were identified using PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, 1983 through February 2012) publications, written in English, which evaluate the effectiveness of @entity7828 for prevention of PTB. @entity7828 evaluated were, in particular, vaginal @entity1420 and @entity36194 . Additionally, the Cochrane Library, organizational guidelines, and studies identified through review of the above were utilized to identify relevant articles. Data were evaluated according to population studied, with separate analyses for singleton vs multiple gestations, prior PTB, or short transvaginal ultrasound cervical length (CL), and combinations of these factors. Consistent with US Preventive Task Force suggestions, references were evaluated for quality based on the highest level of evidence, and recommendations were graded. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of randomized studies indicates that in @entity1 with singleton gestations, no prior PTB, and short CL  <= 20 mm at  <= 24 weeks, vaginal @entity1420 , either 90-mg gel or 200-mg suppository, is associated with reduction in PTB and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and can be offered in these cases. The issue of universal CL screening of singleton gestations without prior PTB for the prevention of PTB remains an object of debate. CL screening in singleton gestations without prior PTB cannot yet be universally mandated. Nonetheless, implementation of such a screening strategy can be viewed as reasonable, and can be considered by individual practitioners, following strict guidelines. In singleton gestations with prior PTB 20-36 6/7 weeks, @entity36194 250 mg intramuscularly weekly, preferably starting at 16-20 weeks until 36 weeks, is recommended. In these @entity1 with prior PTB, if the transvaginal ultrasound CL shortens to < 25 mm at < 24 weeks, cervical cerclage may be offered. @entity7828 have not been associated with prevention of PTB in @entity1 who have in the current pregnancy multiple gestations, @entity3152 , or preterm premature @entity397 . There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of @entity7828 in @entity1 with any of these risk factors, with or without a short CL.

title: XXXX and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['Progestogens', 'progestogens']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity36194 :: ('MESH:C020365', 'Chemical') :: ['17-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone caproate']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: It is well established that plasma lipoproteins enter the artery wall and play a role in the atherogenic process. However, it is still unclear where within developing @entity731 lipoproteins accumulate and which arterial cells participate in the metabolism of these lipoproteins. For this reason, light and electron microscopic autoradiograms were prepared from sections of lesioned aortas of @entity8577 ( @entity8577 ) @entity95 44 hours after injection of 125I- @entity6114 cellobiose-low density lipoprotein (TC-LDL). After uptake of 125I-TC-LDL and intracellular degradation of the LDL protein, the nondegradable TC ligand remains trapped and thus demarcates the cells participating in the degradation of LDL. Results of other studies indicate that 48 hours after injection into @entity8577 @entity95 , about one half of the 125I label present in lesions represents accumulated degradation products while the remaining 125I label is present as intact 125I-TC-LDL. The distribution of autoradiographic @entity575 grains was analyzed at low resolution in @entity1856 , transitional lesions, and advanced @entity1856 . In all cases, the majority of @entity575 grains were associated with superficially located subendothelial macrophage-derived foam cells. In more @entity1442 , labeling was predominant in foam cells situated within the lateral margins of the lesions. Morphometric quantification of the distribution of @entity575 grains in electron photomicrographs of @entity1856 from two young @entity8577 @entity95 strongly supported the data obtained at the light microscopic level. In early @entity1856 from the aortic arch and the thoracic and abdominal aortas, subendothelial macrophage-derived foam cells contained a high proportion of the @entity575 grains (40-60% of the total) and accounted for between 30% and 40% of the lesion volume. In contrast, smooth muscle cells in the lesions contained only 7-10% of the total @entity575 grains and accounted for approximately 20% of the lesion volume. Endothelial cells contained the most @entity575 grains on a per-unit-volume basis by occupying only 1-2% of the lesion volume. However, the endothelium contained less than 5% of the total grains in lesions. The remaining @entity575 grains (25-45%) were associated with the extracellular matrix, which constituted between 40% and 50% of the lesion volume. These data indicate that in the @entity8577 @entity95 , subendothelial macrophage-derived foam cells avidly accumulate and metabolize LDL despite having few functional LDL receptors.

title: Autoradiographic analysis of the distribution of 125I- XXXX -cellobiose-LDL in @entity731 of the @entity8577 @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic', 'WHHL']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity6114 :: (MESH:D014439,Chemical) :: ['tyramine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of @entity146 (period prevalence @entity1423 , 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among M  ori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. METHOD: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey, undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey of 12,992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2,595 M  ori. Ethnicity was measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of @entity146 prevalence among M  ori. RESULTS: M  ori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12 month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders were @entity148 (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime disorders were @entity148 (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of M  ori with one disorder, 7.6% with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. @entity74 were more common in M  ori females than in males (33.6%vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16-24 years, 33.2%; 25-44 years, 32.9%; 45-64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence was greatest among M  ori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education. However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of M  ori with any 12 @entity74 , 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders. CONCLUSION: @entity146 overall and specific disorder groups ( @entity148 , mood and substance) are common among M  ori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact. Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting mental health needs of M  ori.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among M  ori in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['month disorder', 'Twelve-month disorders']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['across aggregated disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder', 'Mental disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: Given the failure of pharmacologic and surgical treatment in the management of hemifacial @entity2473 , the use of botulinum toxin as first line therapy is interesting. PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of type A botulinum toxin in the treatment of hemifacial @entity2473 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study of 25 @entity1 with hemifacial @entity2473 followed in the ophthalmology department of Habib Thameur hospital in Tunis over the period from June 2003 to June 2009. All @entity1 received injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox). RESULTS: We carried out 168 Botulinum A toxin injections (Botox) with an average of 6.85    4.32 injections per @entity1 . Doses varied between 12.5 U and 28 U Botox. A good response to treatment was observed in 92% of @entity1 with a satisfactory return to daily activities and work. Based on a subjective scale from 1 to 3, the average total functional benefit was 2.55    0.56. Average total duration of therapeutic response was 9.35    3.64 weeks. Local side effects observed were comparable to those described in the literature: ptosis (32.4%), @entity892 (8.2%), drooping of the labial commissure (11.2%), lagophthalmos (21.3%), tearing (7%), @entity936 (4%). No systemic complication was noted. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin type A provides effective short-term and medium-term results in the treatment of hemifacial @entity2473 . It is well tolerated locally and systemically. This safety and efficacy make it a valuable therapeutic alternative in the management of hemifacial @entity2473 .

title: [Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin in hemifacial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have revealed that some @entity1 with @entity27791 ( @entity27791 ) show evidence of an intraspinal fluid-filled collection on imaging. Some of these @entity1 also show clinical and/or imaging features of @entity3485 related to @entity154 . We report a @entity1 with @entity27791 whose clinical presentation was suggestive of @entity4681 and whose history was remarkable for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity3485 . This report also reviews the literature on the relationship between @entity27791 , @entity154 , and CSF @entity3485 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old left-handed @entity1 was evaluated for an 18-month history of progressive imbalance with limb @entity425 , @entity5653 , and @entity2901 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were remarkable for evidence of @entity27791 and diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement similar to that seen in @entity3485 . Spine MRI showed a longitudinal intraspinal fluid-filled collection. A dynamic computed tomographic myelogram of the spine showed a CSF leak adjacent to a peripherally calcified disk at the T2-3 level. Following repair of the dural defect the @entity1 noted an improvement in balance and strength and resolution of the @entity2901 . A cervical and thoracic spine MRI showed resolution of the intraspinal fluid-filled collection, and a CSF study showed no red blood cells or xanthochromia. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of disorders related to @entity154 includes @entity3485 , @entity27791 -related @entity2055 and @entity393 and @entity194 with or without @entity427 , and @entity602 . The clinical features of these conditions may overlap. Longitudinally extensive ventral dissecting meningoceles can be seen in all these conditions. A dynamic computed tomographic myelogram can identify a dural defect. In some cases the dural defect may result from an osteophyte.

title: Superficial siderosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dural defects']

entities_list: @entity27791 :: ('MESH:D012806', 'Disease') :: ['superficial siderosis', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord herniation']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'craniospinal hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hearing, segmental weakness']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: Two experiments on @entity831 gaze following are reported. In the first, @entity831 subjects watched as a @entity1 experimenter looked around various types of barriers. The subjects looked around each of the barriers more when the @entity1 had done so than in a control condition (in which the @entity1 looked in another direction). In the second experiment, @entity831 watched as a @entity1 looked towards the back of their cage. As they turned to follow the @entity1 's gaze a distractor object was presented. The @entity831 looked at the distractor while still following the @entity1 's gaze to the back of the cage. These two experiments effectively disconfirm the low-level model of @entity831 gaze following in which it is claimed that upon seeing another animate being's gaze direction @entity831 simply turn in that direction and look around for something interesting. Rather, they support the hypothesis that @entity831 follow the gaze direction of other animate beings geometrically to specific locations, in much the same way as @entity1 @entity1 . The degree to which @entity831 have a mentalistic interpretation of the gaze and/or visual experience of others is still an open question. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

title: XXXX , @entity831 , follow gaze direction geometrically.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Chimpanzees']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this prospective study was to identify the clinical symptoms and signs most important for the prediction of @entity698 among @entity1 with acute @entity490 . METHODS: Clinical findings in 2,478 @entity1 admitted to the emergency department of Mora Hospital from February 1997 to June 2000, with acute @entity490 of up to 7 days' duration, were registered in a database. The medical records were reviewed after 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 432 @entity1 were suspected of having @entity698 and in 221 this diagnosis was confirmed. Some 53 @entity1 , with another preliminary diagnosis, were eventually found to suffer from @entity698 , making a total of 274 @entity1 with @entity698 . Appendectomy was performed in 316 @entity1 and was negative in 14%. Clinical diagnosis of @entity698 had a sensitivity of 0.81, a specificity of 0.90, a positive predictive value of 0.51, a positive likelihood ratio of 8.1, and a diagnostic accuracy of 0.89. The highest odds ratios were found for isolated tenderness in the right iliac fossa (3.29), rebound tenderness (3.00), right-sided rectal tenderness (2.53), migration of @entity158 to the right iliac fossa (2.18), and local guarding (2.11). CONCLUSION: Clinical findings indicating localised @entity32 in the right iliac fossa were reliable in predicting @entity697 . The @entity1 ' history of @entity158 combined with a careful clinical examination still plays an important role in detecting @entity698 among @entity1 with acute @entity490 .

title: Manifestations of XXXX : a prospective study on acute @entity490 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Realgar ( @entity39298 ) is thought to be safe with few reports on @entity137 or adverse effects and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for many centuries. @entity4968 is rare, and we report a fatal case resulted from short-term use of @entity42832 -containing herbal medicine through dermal route. CASE DETAILS: A 24-year-old @entity1 with @entity483 had received 18 days of oral herbal medicine and realgar-containing herbal ointments over whole body from a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioner. Seven days after the herbal use, he had diminished appetite, dizziness, abdomen discomfort, itching @entity1910 , and skin scaling. He later developed generalized @entity4 , @entity390 , @entity391 , decreased urine amount, @entity294 , vesico- @entity4 exanthems, malodorous perspiration, @entity221 , and @entity1353 . He was taken to the hospital on Day 19 when the @entity1353 became worse. @entity137 complicated with soft tissue infection and @entity295 was noted, and he later died of @entity326 and @entity881 . The post-mortem blood @entity3494 level was 1225  g/L. Herbal analysis yielded a very high concentration of @entity3494 in three unlabeled realgar-containing ointments (45427, 5512, and 4229 ppm). CONCLUSION: Realgar-containing herbal remedy may cause severe cutaneous adverse reactions. The @entity3494 in realgar can be absorbed systemically from repeated application to non-intact skin and thus should not be extensively used on compromised skin.

title: @entity137 after extensive dermal use of realgar-containing ( XXXX ) herbal ointment.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['Serious realgar poisoning']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity39298 :: ('MESH:C045816', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic sulfide']

answer: @entity39298 :: (MESH:C045816,Chemical) :: ['arsenic sulfide']


abstract: (1) In dialysis @entity1 with @entity177 , hyperphosphataemia can cause @entity3986 , leading to bone @entity158 , @entity174 and @entity65 . In addition to a low- @entity3151 diet and dialysis, @entity3151 chelators are usually needed to control blood @entity3151 levels. The first choice is @entity4959 , and sevelamer is an alternative. (2) @entity19006 , a @entity3151 chelator, is now also licensed for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in dialysis @entity1 with @entity177 . (3) In addition to three dose-finding placebo-controlled studies, clinical evaluation includes 2 comparative randomised unblinded trials: one 6-month trial versus @entity4959 and a 2-year trial versus other @entity3151 chelators. During these trials, @entity3740 was no more effective than the comparators in terms of effects on the mortality rate, incidence of @entity174 , or blood @entity3151 level. (4) During these trials, adverse events attributed to treatment were more frequent with @entity3740 than with the other @entity3151 chelators. The main problems were @entity344 ( @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , @entity1142 and @entity490 ), @entity10 , @entity410 , and @entity75 . (5) The accumulation of @entity3740 in the bones and brain is troubling. The known long-term adverse effects of @entity5715 , another trivalent cation with weak gastrointestinal absorption, suggest that caution is also required with @entity3740 . (6) In practice, when a @entity3151 chelator is needed to treat hyperphosphataemia in dialysis @entity1 with @entity177 , @entity4959 is the first choice and sevelamer remains the best alternative.

title: XXXX : new drug. Hyperphosphataemia in dialysis @entity1 : more potential problems than benefits.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['osteorenal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity19006 :: ('MESH:C119467', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanum carbonate']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['excess cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity3740 :: (MESH:D007811,Chemical) :: ['Lanthanum']


abstract: Renal tubular reabsorption of 3H and @entity3209 labelled @entity10653 was measured in vivo et situ by continuous microperfusion of single proximal tubules of the @entity35 . The reabsorption is shown to be saturable. Passive diffusion plays a relatively small role in the reabsorption. A maximum possible permeability coefficient of 25 micrometers 2.s-1 for @entity1521 was calculated. Two transport systems were found, one with a small affinity and a high capacity, the other with a very high affinity and a small capacity. The following values were estimated. Jmax 1 = 2.6 +/- 0.28 (SEM) nmol.m-1.S-1 Km1 = 11.8 +/- 1.7 (SEM) mmol.1-1 Jmax 2 = 9.6 +/- 1.92 (SEM) pmol.m-1.s-1 Km2 = 29.3 +/- 7.8 (SEM) mumol.1-1. Whereas the first system reabsorbs the bulk of the filtered load, the activity of the second system explains the extremely small amount of @entity1521 found in the final urine. @entity8161 --a specific inhibitor of @entity8238 --decreases the reabsorption of @entity10653 and @entity5098 but has no influence on the reabsorption of the basic @entity535 @entity534 and the acidic @entity535 @entity4650 . This result correlates with a recent speculation that @entity8238 is involved in @entity1521 and @entity493 reabosrption.

title: Kinetics of XXXX reabsorption in @entity35 kidney studied by continuous microperfusion.

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity8238 :: ('25253(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase IV']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4650 :: ('CHEBI:16015', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity8161 :: ('MESH:D007531', 'Chemical') :: ['Diisopropylphosphorofluoridate']

answer: @entity10653 :: (CHEBI:60039,Chemical) :: ['L-proline']


abstract: PURPOSE: The detection of an infraclinical primary by tonsillectomy in case of cervical lymph node of an @entity957 with unknown primary after a radical neck dissection, allows avoiding irradiation of the normal larynx. The aim of this study is to quantify the rate of tonsil primary to justify this procedure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1969 to 1992, 87 @entity1 had a tonsillectomy as part of the workup for cervical nodal @entity3 of an @entity957 with unknown primary. The mean age was 57 years (range: 39-75 years) and the sex ratio was 8.6. Sixty-seven @entity1 had a single cervical adenopathy (17 N1, 30 N2a, 5 N3, 15 Nx), and 20 @entity1 multiple cervical adenopathies (17 N2b, 3 N2c). The treatments included always an irradiation to the node areas (50 Gy), and to the pharyngolarynx in case of normal tonsil (50 Gy), or to the tonsil if it was the primary (50 Gy with a brachytherapy boost of 20-25 Gy). In this last case, the larynx could be protected. RESULTS: Tonsillectomy never induced specific complication. Out of 87 @entity1 , 26% had a tonsil primary. There was not specific histological differentiation in this group. In the 67 @entity1 with a single cervical adenopathy, 31% had a tonsil primary (6 N1, 7 N2, 1 N3, 7 Nx). It was a subdigastric adenopathy in 38%, a submandibular in 28% and a midjugulocarotidian in 23%. Among the 17 @entity1 N2b, none had a tonsil primary. In the three @entity1 N2c, two presented a tonsil @entity189 (two subdigastric nodes). CONCLUSION: Tonsillectomy allows avoiding irradiation of normal larynx in 26% of @entity1 who have a cervical lymph node with unknown primary. It should be performed in case of a single node of the subdigastric, midjugulocarotidian or submandibular area or bilateral subdigastric adenopathies.

title: Cervical lymph node XXXX from an unknown primary: is a tonsillectomy necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1643 is a worldwide public health issue with high socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of laser irradiation of the dorsal root ganglion of the second lumbar spinal nerve for chronic @entity1643 compared to @entity3303 injection and radiofrequency treatment. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were randomly divided into three treatment groups: @entity3303 injection, radiofrequency, or laser. The second intervertebral foramen between the second and third lumbar vertebrae was accessed by percutaneous needle puncture bilaterally, guided by fluoroscopy. In the local anesthetic group, injection of 1   ml @entity3303 without @entity1425 was applied through a 20-gauge (G20) Quincke tip spinal needle inserted in the second lumbar intervertebral foramen. In the radiofrequency group, the probe (150   mm long with a 5   mm active tip) was directed through a G20 needle placed in the second lumbar intervertebral foramen and neuromodulation was done with a radiofrequency of Cosman G4   in pulses of 20   ms with wash-out period of 480   ms, for 300   seconds at 42  C. A single treatment was used. In the laser treatment group, a continuous wave, 808   nm wavelength diode laser (Photon Lase III   DCM, Brazil), with an output power of 100   mW was used for a single treatment. An 18 gauge needle was placed in the second lumbar intervertebral foramen guided by fluoroscopy. Light was delivered through a 600     m optical fiber placed in the G18 needle. The tip of the fiber extended 5   mm beyond the tip of the needle in the second lumbar intervertebral foramen. The beam spot size was 0.003   cm(2) , irradiance   =   35W/cm(2) , exposure time   =   84   seconds, energy density   =   2800J/cm(2) , total energy was 8.4   J. The @entity1643 score was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) and @entity158 Relief Scale (PRS) pre, post procedure and in 1 month follow up. Temperature was measured using a digital thermometer. RESULTS: All @entity1 in the local anesthetic and laser treatment groups reported a @entity158 reduction of at least 50% immediately post-procedure and 10 out of 11 @entity1 in the radiofrequency group reported a @entity158 reduction of at least 50%. At 1 month post-treatment, the laser treatment group had the greatest number of @entity1 who reported more than 50% @entity158 relief based on PRS (7 out of 10 @entity1 ) while only 2 out of 7 @entity1 and 3 out of 11 @entity1 in the @entity3303 and radiofrequency treatment groups respectively reported more than a 50% @entity158 relief. CONCLUSION: Laser irradiation caused an immediate @entity1643 post-procedure similar to @entity158 reduction caused by @entity3303 injection. Both @entity3303 injection and laser irradiation were more effective than radiofrequency treatment for immediate and longer term (1 month post-treatment) @entity615 . Lasers Surg. Med. 48:653-659, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Photobiomodulation of the dorsal root ganglion for the treatment of XXXX : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain', 'decrease in low back pain', 'low back pain', 'axial low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of pharyngeal respiratory pressure before and after onset of airflow obstruction events in @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: The respiratory pressure in nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx in 8 @entity1 with @entity27 and 9 normal @entity1 were evaluated through catheter manometer. Base on mean respiratory pressure and the ratio of negative respiratory pressure persistent time, the characteristics of pharyngeal respiratory pressure before and after the event onset were analyzed. RESULTS: During sleep, the pharyngeal respiratory pressure in normal @entity1 had similar and periodical wave shape. The ratio of negative respiratory pressure persistent time was less than 0.5. In @entity1 with @entity27 , when the obstruction of airflow happened, the pharyngeal respiratory pressure fluctuated violently, the wave shape became irregular, and the negative expiratory pressure was evident. The mean respiratory pressure was 1 to 2 order of magnitude larger than in normal @entity1 , even reaching -990 Pa. The ratio of persistent negative pressure time was larger than normal. During the intermittent period, the wave shape of pharyngeal respiratory pressure was regular and periodical, the pressure wave shape was different from onset of obstruction. However, in the intermittent period, the mean respiratory pressure, the ratio of negative respiratory pressure persistent time, and other characteristics were still statistically different from normal @entity1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the intermittent period, the pharyngeal respiratory pressure in @entity1 with @entity27 during sleep is basically different from the pharyngeal respiratory pressure in normal @entity1 . The characteristics of pharyngeal respiratory pressure in intermittent period indicates that both structural and functional abnormalities in pharyngeal cavity in @entity1 with @entity27 , which affect the respiratory airflow during sleep are inherent. The effects are more prominent during onset period, suggesting that the characteristics of the pharyngeal pressure of breathing during the onset period will be more important to the mechanism of airflow obstruction.

title: [An analysis of pharyngeal respiratory pressure before and after onset of obstruction in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome', 'OSAHS']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['respiratory obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Dysembryoplastic @entity10053 (DNTs) are usually located within the supratentorial cortex. We present a series of eight cases of DNTs including two cases with an extracortical location, one in the caudate nucleus, the other one expanded in the lateral ventricule, septum and fornix. An origin from secondary germinal layers, as previously suggested, can explain these extracortical locations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the eight @entity1 , seven had partial @entity302 and one @entity428 . All @entity1 underwent clinical examination, a computed tomographic (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a surgical @entity75 with histological examination. RESULTS: Clinical examination was normal except in the case with @entity428 where a bilateral papillary @entity4 was found. In seven cases the CT scan showed a hypodense lesion of pseudocystic appearance. All lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. Contrast enhancement was observed in two cases. The lesion was intracortical in six cases and extracortical in the remaining two: one in the head of the caudate nucleus and one in the trigonoseptal region. Histological examination identified an appearance of @entity18961 with a specific glioneuronal element in six cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity18961 can be suspected before histological examination on radiological features, chiefly because the @entity5 is located in the supratentorial cortex. However, extracortical locations do exist, even if unusual. As DNTs are always benign, knowledge and accurate diagnosis of these atypical cases are mandatory in order to avoid useless and even deleterious additional treatments, such as radiotherapy.

title: [Dysembryoplastic XXXX . Report of 8 cases including two with unusual localization].

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']

answer: @entity10053 :: (MESH:D018302,Disease) :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']


abstract: @entity3927 (an antiprogesterone) and @entity396 (a synthetic analogue of @entity5015 ) were administered to 60 @entity1 diagnosed with missed @entity5852 (gestation sac present but no developing embryo) equivalent to 13 weeks' gestation or less who were recruited after counselling. The median age was 227 (range 15-44), and the median duration of @entity4999 was 71 (42-110) days. 25 of the @entity1 had been referred for ultrasound scanning because of @entity548 in early pregnancy, while the rest were diagnosed by routine scanning. 29 @entity1 had anembryonic pregnancies, and 31 had a missed abortion. Each @entity1 received a 600 mg single oral dose of @entity3927 , and 36-48 hours later @entity396 600 mcg was given orally (400 mcg and, 2 hours later, 200 mcg). If the products of conception were not expelled within 4 hours, vaginal ultrasonography was performed. 8 @entity1 aborted with @entity3927 alone, 43 aborted after taking 600 mcg of @entity396 , and 5 more aborted after receiving a 2nd divided dose of 600 mcg @entity396 . In 3 @entity1 the treatment failed, and they underwent evacuation of the uterus under general anaesthesia. Exploratory curettage was performed in 2 other @entity1 at 14 and 22 days after treatment with @entity396 , but no products of conception were obtained. The median time from administration of @entity396 to abortion was 4 (1-11) hours. The median duration of @entity548 after abortion was 10 (2-22) days. Side effects included @entity1209 (5 patients received antiemetic drugs), and @entity294 (7 @entity1 ) from @entity396 treatment. 39 @entity1 did not want any @entity158 relief, 13 asked for oral analgesia, and 7 obtained parenteral analgesia.

title: Medical management of missed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion or anembryonic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['abortion and anembryonic pregnancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thymus selected @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (bright) natural regulatory Treg cells expressing @entity403 may contribute to control of immune responses. No unique markers have been available to identify and characterize Treg. We present a gating strategy that allows enumeration of Treg on the basis of @entity404 and @entity2902 and investigate whether @entity748 have fewer Treg than controls. METHODS: Asthmatics and controls were selected from responses to a mailed questionnaire. @entity2902 , @entity404 , HLA DR, and appropriate isotypes were recorded by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The @entity404 T cells expressing most @entity2902 are a separate population expressing @entity403 and lower levels of @entity404 and CD127. On a @entity404 @entity2902 dot-plot, the @entity404 MFI of Treg for 152 @entity1 was calculated to be 0.83 +/- 0.043*MFI of @entity2902 (bright) T-cells. @entity404 (dim) @entity2902 (bright) T cells in a rectangular gate with a @entity404 MFI </= 0.9 (0.83 + [2*0.043])*MFI of @entity2902 (+) T cells were enumerated and shown to be similar for controls (median 8.34%) and @entity748 (median 10.1%). HLA DR expression on Treg correlated with @entity2902 expression. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized two color gating method defines Treg. It may be applied in most clinical scenarios and is useful for sorting viable Treg. Asthmatics and controls have similar numbers of Treg.

title: CD4dimCD25bright Treg cell frequencies above a standardized gating threshold are similar in XXXX and controls.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of @entity941 dye disappearance test (FDDT) in assessment of adults with primary acquired @entity1448 (PANDO) and its correlation with age and severity of @entity9467 . METHODS: In a prospective, cross-sectional comparative study, FDDT at 2 (2-FDDT), 5 (5-FDDT), and 10 (10-FDDT) minutes were performed in 58 eyes of 58 @entity1 with PANDO (case) and 58 eyes of 58 subjects without @entity9467 (control) between 2008 and 2010. Exclusion criteria were any disease, @entity130 , or medications that might have an effect on tear drainage system. @entity1 with functional or @entity3885 were excluded in the case group. FDDT and severity of @entity9467 were graded. RESULTS: Case and control groups were matched. 2-FDDT showed a sensitivity of 82.8%, specificity of 91.4%, positive predictive value of 90.6%, and negative predictive value of 84.1%. Sensitivity and negative predictive value decreased to 71.1% and 78.6% in 5-FDDT. 5-FDDT specificity and positive predictive value, however, increased to 94.8% and 93.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between severity of @entity9467 and age with FDDT. CONCLUSIONS: FDDT is a simple, reliable, and highly specific test in assessment of adults with PANDO.

title: Reliability of @entity941 dye disappearance test in assessment of adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete obstruction and upper lacrimal drainage system obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: @entity65 is the leading cause of @entity204 in developed countries (40% of all causes of mortality). @entity299 is common in the working age population and thus it contributes to a decline in employees' @entity410 for work. In Israel about 80% of @entity1 recuperating from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) return to work. However, long term employment may be as low as 50% and its patterns are associated predominantly with @entity1 age and job characteristics, as compared to measures of illness severity or the method of coronary revascularization. The need for clinical guidelines in the management of return to work after @entity583 has recently led to the initiation of a joint committee of the Israeli National Heart and Occupational Societies. These clinical guidelines have been published and are summarized in this issue. For most common @entity299 , including @entity712 , @entity340 and @entity951 , @entity1 can exert themselves up to onset of symptoms. Therefore, @entity1 with functional capacity I and II, as estimated by New York Heart Association (NYHA) criteria, can return to their previous work. Timing of return to work for @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity299 : Post @entity583 within 4 weeks, CABG within 4-8 weeks and percutaneous interventions within 1 week. For @entity1 with a strenuous job or in NYHA functional capacity III or IV, a few weeks of delay and exercise or other functional testing may be needed. There are a few exceptions including @entity1 with strenuous work or specific @entity299 as @entity1121 , severe @entity472 and @entity1614 . In such cases, cardiological and occupational specialist advice should be sought.

title: [Return to work with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated cardiac disease', 'cardiac disease', 'cardiac diseases', 'Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: Seventy-four cases of @entity6087 were treated by burr hole with irrigation (31 cases), and burr hole and closed system drainage with slow decompression (43 cases). The postoperative changes of the clinical symptoms and CT findings in both groups were compared. Markwalder's clinical grading was used for evaluating the clinical symptoms. Preoperative grade distribution was as follows, 16 cases in grade 1, 12 cases in grade 2, 3 cases in grade 3 and no case in grade 4 in the irrigation group, and 22 cases in grade 1, 17 cases in grade 2, 3 cases in grade 3 and no case in grade 4 in the drainage group. There were two cases in the preoperative grade 2 which deteriorated after surgical decompression by burr hole with irrigation. One of them was considered due to @entity4 after abrupt decompression brought on by removal of the @entity1410 . This case was a 54-year-old male who lost consciousness during operation because of acute @entity4 . Severe @entity51 such as speech disturbance and gait disturbance remained with him even three years after the operation. No case deteriorated in the drainage group. The postoperative improvement of the midline shift seen by CT scanning was of the same degree in both groups. Air accumulation in the subdural space was found in the irrigation group in all cases. However, it was found in only 5 cases in the drainage group. This study and available literature suggested that slow decompression should be carried out for all cases of @entity6087 , and we presented a closed system drainage as an example method.

title: [The experience of severe complication in the surgical treatment of XXXX : the usefulness of the burr hole and continuous closed system drainage].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']