abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe @entity51 are the predominant cause of long-term disability in @entity64 @entity1 . In particular, progressive @entity1269 in the initial stage after @entity64 onset is frequently devastating. Therefore, we attempted to define the population at risk with respect to the presumed pathogenesis. METHODS: Among 941 @entity64 @entity1 hospitalized during a 3-year period, 92 @entity1 (41 @entity1 , 51 @entity1 ; mean age, 68 years) had a severe @entity51 (<25 of 42 points on the 7 motor items of the European @entity64 Scale) resulting from @entity4798 . Risk factors, neurological examinations, comprehensive diagnostic tests, and therapy were documented. The study population was separated into @entity1 with (group A) and without (group B) progressive @entity51 . Progression was defined as a further decrease of at least 5 points on the initial European @entity64 Scale motor score during the first 5 days after @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Of the 92 @entity1 , 23.9% had significant worsening of motor function with a decrease in the mean European @entity64 Scale motor score from 20.3 to 12.9 points (P<0.01). @entity1188 in group A @entity1 were subcortical in 59.1%, whereas most @entity1188 were cortical in group B (61.4%, P<0.05). Progressive @entity1269 was also significantly associated with @entity64 (group A:, 59.1%; group B, 24.3%; P<0.01). With regard to risk factors, diagnostic studies, and @entity6249 was the predominant presumed cause of @entity64 in group A (63.6%, P<0.01), whereas @entity1188 in group B @entity1 were frequently caused by @entity887 from cardiac or undetermined sources (61.4%, P<0.01). Prevalence of high-grade carotid stenosis was not significantly different between groups A and B; however, @entity432 were found only among @entity1 without progressive @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 caused by @entity6249 is the major cause of progressive @entity51 , probably because of stepwise occlusion of the branches of small penetrating arteries.

title: XXXX is the major cause of progressive @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'Lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['neuroimaging, small-vessel disease', 'small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit', 'motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'Infarcts']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal stenoses and complete internal carotid artery occlusions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Lacunar stroke']


abstract: @entity3327 is a prolonged pathologic erection situation that occurs after sexual stimulation or without sexual stimulation. This condition is divided into two types, @entity63 (low-flow, veno-occlusive) and non- @entity63 (high-flow, arterial). A 68-year-old male @entity1 applied to our clinic with the complaints of @entity3358 and @entity158 in the penis. Three days before he applied to our clinic, he was prescribed a single dose of 200 mg @entity1089 by a psychiatry polyclinic for the complication of @entity22 . Nearly 6 hours after the first dose of @entity1089 , an @entity2358 occurred with accompanying @entity158 in the penis. The @entity1 waited for spontaneous detumescence without consulting a psychiatrist. After the @entity1 had waited for 48 hours without any change, he applied to our clinic. Other etiologic factors of @entity3327 were excluded (such as @entity5 , @entity1503 , @entity1778 , and @entity130 ). In blood gas samples obtained from the corpus cavernosum, @entity519 , hypercarbia, and @entity520 were diagnosed. @entity63 @entity3327 was supposed. We conclude that @entity3327 can be viewed as a new possible side effect of @entity1089 and that @entity1 should be warned about this side effect.

title: The occurrence of XXXX as a result of the use of a single dose of @entity1089 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary erection']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3327 :: ('MESH:D011317', 'Disease') :: ['priapism', 'Priapism']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity3327 :: (MESH:D011317,Disease) :: ['priapism']


abstract: To determine the predictive and prognostic value of koilocytosis, expression of E6 HPV types 16/18, @entity986 , @entity876 in @entity1 with locally advanced HPV-associated @entity1544 and oropharynx. In biopsy specimens of @entity957 of @entity1697 and oropharynx from 60 @entity1 performed koylocytes count, immunohistochemical detection of @entity1799 /18 types E6 protein, proteins @entity986 and @entity876 . Koilocytosis was detected in 50 @entity1 (83.3%); in all 60 @entity1 (100%) were simultaneous expression of @entity986 and E6 HPV types 16/18; @entity876 expression was found in 37 @entity1 (61.7%). After combined treatment (induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy) @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was detected in 11 @entity1 (18.3%), partial response (PR) - in 25 @entity1 (41.7%), complete response (CR) - in 24 @entity1 (40.0%). There were no cases of disease progression. Treatment effect correlated with expression of @entity986 (   = 0.3, p = 0.024) and expression of @entity876 (   = - 0.3, p = 0.019). @entity1 with a low expression of @entity986 (2 points) and high expression of @entity876 (4 "+") had a high level of @entity66 and had no CR. For all @entity1 , the median of overall survival (OS) was 17 months, 1-year cumulative survival rate was 66.7%, 2-year cumulative survival rate - 35.0%. Median of overall survival was correlated with koilocytosis (  =0.5, p<0,001) and expression of E6 HPV types 16/18 (  =0.9, p<0.001), @entity986 (  =0.9, p=0.037), @entity876 (  =-0.9; p<0.001). @entity1 with low expression of @entity876 (0 and 1 "+") had cumulative 1-year survival rates 87% and 90%, respectively (p<0.001), 2-year survival rates - 52% and 80%, respectively (p=0.015). In the Cox proportional hazards model the significant prognostic factors were prevalence of @entity5 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 3.5, p=0.003) and @entity876 expression (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1=1.7, p=0.016). High expression of @entity986 associated with a high effect of combined treatment, high expression of a @entity876 - with low effect of treatment. Koilocytosis and expression of E6 @entity1799 /18 types have no predictive value. Median of overall survival correlated with koilocytosis, expression of E6 HPV types 16/18 and @entity986 . @entity876 expression is an independent predictor of negative prognosis for overall survival. Increase in the level of @entity876 expression is associated with a reduction in overall survival and cumulative 1- and 2-year survival rate. For @entity1 with low expression of @entity986 or high @entity876 expression, surgery is advisable to consider as first stage of treatment.

title: [Prognostic and predictive value of koilocytosis, expression of e6 hpv types 16/18, @entity986 , XXXX in locally advanced @entity957 of @entity1697 and oropharynx, associated with human papillomavirus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing computed tomography (CT) as part of the investigation and management of pathologically proven @entity43 in a single specialist gynaecological @entity5 centre. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain CT appearances and prognostic significance of @entity43 . RESULTS: We found a 10.3% frequency of splenic @entity3 in a series of 321 @entity1 with @entity43 . Thirty-three @entity1 had splenic @entity3 demonstrated on CT. Twenty-three @entity1 had surface lesions with an irregular scalloped shape and broad contact with the splenic surface; 17 of these @entity1 had lesions at presentation. Ten @entity1 had parenchymal lesions, five at presentation and five at relapse, typically with a rounded shape surrounded by normal splenic tissue. Four out of 10 cases with parenchymal involvement showed lesion progression during chemotherapy. However, lesion progression occurred in only one of 23 cases with surface disease (P < 0.025, Fisher's exact test). In 16 cases with disease involving both spleen and liver, the response to chemotherapy was the same in both organs. CONCLUSION: We have found a higher frequency of splenic @entity3 from @entity43 during life than previously reported. Parenchymal lesions are significantly less likely to respond to treatment than surface lesions but are more commonly a feature of @entity66 . We have demonstrated that splenic @entity3 behave similarly to liver @entity3 in @entity43 . We suggest that the presence of splenic parenchymal @entity3 is indicative of FIGO stage IV disease. This finding has implications for proposed cytoreductive surgery.

title: CT appearances and prognostic significance of splenic @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'splenic involvement in ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Protracted @entity3124 is marked by protein wasting resistant to feeding, by accumulation of fat stores, and by suppressed pulsatile release of GH and TSH. We previously showed that the latter can be reactivated by brief infusion of GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-2) and @entity1218 . Here, we studied combined GHRP-2 and @entity1218 infusion for 5 days, which allowed a limited evaluation of the metabolic effectiveness of this novel trophic endocrine strategy. Fourteen @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 68 +/- 11 yr), critically ill for 40 +/- 28 days, were compared to a matched group of community-living control subjects at baseline and subsequently received 5 days of placebo and 5 days of GHRP-2 plus @entity1218 (1 + 1 microg/kg x h) infusion in random order. At baseline, impaired anabolism, as indicated by biochemical markers (osteocalcin and leptin), was linked to hyposomatotropism [reduced pulsatile GH secretion, as determined by deconvolution analysis, and @entity851 factor and binding protein (IGFBP) levels]. Biochemical markers of accelerated catabolism (increased protein degradation and bone resorption) were related to @entity1375 and the serum concentration of @entity10116 , but not to hyposomatotropism. Metabolic markers were independent of elevated serum @entity701 . After 5 days of GHRP-2 plus @entity1218 infusion, osteocalcin concentrations increased 19% vs. -6% with placebo, and leptin had rose 32% vs. -15% with placebo. These anabolic effects were linked to increased @entity442 and GH-dependent IGFBP, which reached near-normal levels from day 2 onward. In addition, protein degradation was reduced, as indicated by a drop in the @entity1133 / @entity1011 ratio, an effect that was related to the correction of @entity1375 , with near-normal @entity6145 levels reached and maintained from day 2 onward. Concomitantly, a spontaneous tendency of @entity10116 to rise and of insulin to decrease was reversed. @entity701 concentrations were not detectably altered. In conclusion, 5-day infusion of GHRP-2 plus @entity1218 in protracted @entity3124 reactivates blunted GH and TSH secretion, with preserved pulsatility, peripheral responsiveness, and feedback inhibition and without affecting serum @entity701 , and induces a shift toward anabolic metabolism. This provides the first evidence of the metabolic effectiveness of short term GHRP-2 plus @entity1218 agonism in this particular wasting condition.

title: Reactivation of pituitary hormone release and metabolic improvement by infusion of growth hormone-releasing peptide and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in @entity1 with protracted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['low GH-dependent insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of miR-449 and @entity7762 on cell growth, cell cycle and target gene expression based on these miRNA different expressions in @entity43 cell lines SKOV3 and SKOV3-ipl both with mutation of @entity876 . METHODS: The expressions of @entity33670 /b and @entity27579 ,c in SKOV3 and SKOV3-ipl were detected by RT-PCR. @entity33670 ,b and @entity27579 ,c were ectopically expressed by transfection of SKOV3-ipl. The cell growth rate was assayed by MTS method. The changes of cell cycle were measured by FCM. The changes of expression of cell cycle related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Ectopic expression of @entity33671 and @entity21066 resulted in lowered adhesion activities by 28%-34%, and in cell cycle arrests with increased cell number of 15.62% and 15.71% in G1 and with decreased cell number of 15.96% and 16.56% in S. Cell cycle related proteins @entity14107 and @entity10837 were down-regulated. The decreases of @entity14107 and @entity10837 by @entity33671 were 39% and 22% respecyively; 49% and 32% by @entity21066 respectively. The more decreases were seen in co-action by @entity33671 and @entity21066 with decreases of 69% in @entity14107 , 86% in @entity10837 , and 59% in @entity7596 . CONCLUSION: @entity33671 and @entity21066 resulted in cell cycle arrests and down-regulation of @entity14107 , @entity10837 and @entity7596 in high @entity43 cell line SKOV3-ipl.

title: [ @entity33671 and @entity21066 on inducing down-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins and cycle arrests in SKOV3-ipl cell, an XXXX cell line].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'malignant ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Results of recent imaging studies and theoretical models suggest that the superior femoral neck is a location of @entity425 due to an age-related thinning of the cortex, and thus the site of @entity173 initiation. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the macroscopic failure process during a simulated @entity173 that would occur as a result of a sideways fall. Twelve fresh frozen @entity1 cadaveric femora were used in this study. The femora were @entity174 in an apparatus designed to simulate a fall on the greater trochanter. Image sequences of the surface events related to the @entity174 were captured using two high-speed video cameras at 9111 Hz. The videos were analyzed with respect to time and load to determine the location and sequence of these events occurring in the proximal femur. The mean failure load was 4032 N (SD 370 N). The first surface events were identified in the superior femoral neck in eleven of the twelve specimens. Nine of these specimens @entity174 in a clear two-step process that initiated with a failure in the superior femoral neck, followed by a failure in the inferior femoral neck. This cadaveric model of @entity173 empirically confirms hypotheses that suggested that @entity173 initiate with a failure in the superior femoral neck where stresses are primarily compressive during a sideways fall impact, followed by a failure in the inferior neck where stresses are primarily tensile. Our results confirm the superolateral neck of the femur as an important region of interest for future @entity173 screening, prevention and treatment research.

title: During sideways falls proximal XXXX initiate in the superolateral cortex: evidence from high-speed video of simulated @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['local weakness']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['femur fractures']


abstract: Body @entity130 are very serious problems in industrialised countries and they are frequent causes of fatalities in our times. The variety and multiple combinations of body @entity130 are a challenge for the @entity130 team. On the basis of clinical and radiological documentation 315 @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) were included in the study. The criterion for inclusion of the @entity1 into the study group was identification of @entity717 . The study showed that these @entity130 often involve young @entity1 (53%) (predominantly @entity1 ) aged between 16 and 45 years. Road accidents were the most frequent cause of @entity130 -80.6%. @entity717 affected the lower limb in 49.,4%, upper limb in 33.2% and pelvis in 14.1%; 75% of the @entity1 studied also suffered from concomitant @entity130 . The head and brain were involved in 92.9%, chest in 31.5% and abdomen in 21.3%. The mortality index for the population studied was 14%. An increasing value of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) or New Injury Severity Score (NISS) caused delay in surgical management of @entity79 and correlated with prolonged hospitalisation. Analysis emphasised the usefulness of the NISS as a valuable prognostic instrument in assessment of severity of @entity130 in @entity1 with @entity717 .

title: Analysis of management of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries of the locomotor system', 'MILS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['multiple injuries of the locomotor system']


abstract: Joint @entity158 is the main complaint in @entity1 affected by @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and NSAIDs are commonly used to treat @entity158 associated with @entity571 . Over the past few years, @entity2247 -selective inhibitors have been proved to have certain advantages over non-selective NSAIDs and have been increasingly used for @entity158 management in @entity1 with @entity571 . OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this randomised, double-blind, within- @entity1 study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of three @entity2247 inhibitors in 30 @entity1 affected by symptomatic @entity571 of the knee. We evaluated the effects of oral @entity9695 (100mg), @entity12698 (200mg) and @entity13586 (25mg). Each drug was administered for 7 days. METHODS: Analgesic efficacy was determined using the @entity1 's assessment of @entity158 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and by total @entity158 relief over 3 hours (TOPAR3) on the first and last days of treatment. In addition, the overall analgesic efficacy and tolerability were determined by a global assessment by the @entity1 at the end of each week of treatment, using 5-point categorical scales. At the end of the study, each @entity1 was asked about which of the three forms of treatment they would choose as a continuation of the @entity158 therapy. RESULTS: Taking all the results into consideration, @entity9695 proved to be significantly more effective in providing symptomatic relief than did @entity12698 and @entity13586 . Furthermore, @entity9695 provided more rapid relief of @entity158 associated with walking than did the other two drugs tested. @entity1 expressed similar preference for @entity9695 and @entity13586 , but a lesser preference for @entity12698 treatment. No @entity1 withdrew from the study because of adverse events and the three different forms of treatment were generally safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The present data confirm our previous observations in @entity1 with @entity309 , further suggesting that @entity9695 represents an effective agent for the treatment of joint @entity158 , with particular reference to the rapid onset of its analgesic effect.

title: A randomised, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of XXXX , @entity12698 and @entity13586 in osteoarthritis of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity9695 :: (MESH:C012655,Chemical) :: ['nimesulide']


abstract: A major challenge in the widespread application of @entity1 embryonic stem (hES) cells in clinical therapy and basic scientific research is the development of efficient cryopreservation protocols. Conventional slow-cooling protocols utilizing standard cryoprotectant concentrations i.e. 10% (v/v) @entity3733 , yield extremely low survival rates of <5% as reported by previous studies. This study characterized cell death within frozen-thawed hES colonies that were cryopreserved under standard conditions. Surprisingly, our results showed that immediately after post-thaw washing, the overwhelming majority of hES cells were viable (approximately 98%), as assessed by the @entity3460 exclusion test. However, when the freshly-thawed hES colonies were incubated within a 37 degrees C incubator, there was observed to be a gradual reduction in cell viability over time. The kinetics of cell death was drastically slowed-down by keeping the freshly-thawed hES colonies at 4 degrees C, with >90% of cells remaining viable after 90 min of incubation at 4 degrees C. This effect was reversible upon re-exposing the cells to physiological temperature. The vast majority of low temperature-exposed hES colonies gradually underwent cell death upon incubation for a further 90 min at 37 degrees C. @entity10730 ( @entity10730 )-mediated @entity1977 nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay confirmed apoptosis-induced nuclear DNA fragmentation in frozen-thawed hES cells after incubation at 37 degrees C for 90 min. Expression of active @entity522 enzyme, which is another prominent marker of apoptosis, was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining, while transmission electron microscopy showed typical ultrastructural features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and margination to the nuclear membrane. Hence, our results demonstrated that apoptosis instead of cellular @entity39 , is the major mechanism of the loss of viability of cryopreserved hES cells during freeze-thawing with conventional slow-cooling protocols.

title: Loss of viability during freeze-thaw of intact and adherent XXXX embryonic stem cells with conventional slow-cooling protocols is predominantly due to apoptosis rather than cellular @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity291 rumen is hitherto considered as an inedible waste of meat industry. The rumen tissues can be used as an alternative source of collagen to produce biocompatible materials for clinical application. In an effort to develop a functional biomaterial from the inedible @entity1 tissues, this study aims to isolate and characterize @entity291 rumen submucosa. Initially, the rumen tissue was sequentially processed using chemical and enzymatic treatment to decellularize, neutralize, stabilize, and to produce a native collagen matrix which is referred as collagen film (COL-F). Thus, prepared matrix was treated with 1% (w/v) chitosan solution to produce a hybrid film which is referred as collagen-chitosan film (COL/ @entity45359 ). The comparative study includes the evaluation of physical, chemical, and biological properties of the biofilms prepared. The surface topology of COL-F exhibited a continuous collagenous network with fibrous nature, while the chitosan treatment provided smooth plain surface to the parent film. Incorporation of chitosan in COL-F increased the tensile properties, as well as the thermal stability and durability of the films. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy results revealed the presence of respective @entity6346 peaks, which corresponds to protein (collagen), and the evidence of collagen-chitosan interlinking. The submucosa layer was electrophoretically found to have type I collagen. The X-ray diffraction data showed the presence of amorphous and crystalline peak which attributes to the triple helical structure of collagen in the films. @entity137 studies on the films were performed in  vitro using @entity1 keratinocytes. The results of cell viability and proliferation demonstrated that COL-F and COL/ @entity45359 exhibit good biocompatibility and therefore can augment cell infiltration and proliferation. However, enhanced cellular activity was observed on the chitosan treated COL-F. These observations demonstrate that the biofilms prepared in this study can be used as an alternative functional biomaterial in tissue engineering.

title: Isolation, characterization, and in  vitro evaluation of XXXX rumen submucosa films of collagen or chitosan-treated collagen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) pacing alone may theoretically avoid deleterious effects of right ventricular pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a multicenter, double-blind, crossover trial, we compared the effects of LV and biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing on exercise tolerance and LV remodeling in @entity1 with an LV ejection fraction  <=35%, QRS >= 120 milliseconds, and symptoms of @entity712 . A total of 211 @entity1 were recruited from 11 centers. After a run-in period of 2 to 8 weeks, 121 qualifying @entity1 were randomized to LV followed by @entity3032 pacing or vice versa for consecutive 6-month periods. The greatest improvement in New York Heart Association class and 6-minute walk test occurred during the run-in phase before randomization. Exercise duration at 75% of peak @entity4962 (primary outcome) increased from 9.3  6.4 to 14.0  11.9 and 14.3  12.5 minutes with LV and @entity3032 pacing, respectively, with no difference between groups (P=0.4327). LV ejection fraction improved from 24.4  6.3% to 31.9  10.8% and 30.9  9.8% with LV and @entity3032 pacing, respectively, with no difference between groups (P=0.4530). Reductions in LV end-systolic volume were likewise similar (P=0.6788). The proportion of clinical responders (>= 20% increase in exercise duration) to LV and @entity3032 pacing was 48.0% and 55.1% (P=0.1615). Positive remodeling responses (>= 15% reduction in LV end-systolic volume) were observed in 46.7% and 55.4% (P=0.0881). Overall, 30.6% of LV nonresponders improved with @entity3032 and 17.1% of @entity3032 nonresponders improved with LV pacing. CONCLUSION: LV pacing is not superior to @entity3032 pacing. However, nonresponders to @entity3032 pacing may respond favorably to LV pacing, suggesting a potential role as tiered therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00901212.

title: Left ventricular versus simultaneous biventricular pacing in XXXX with @entity712 and a QRS complex >= 120 milliseconds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity360 is a common and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Various factors modulating morbidity and mortality on @entity360 have been reported. However, there are no reports on the prognosis of @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of corpus (on fundus-corpus junction, 10-15 mm from the lesser curvature) @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus. Thus, in this trial we tried to investigate the role of @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus on acute @entity360 mortality and morbidity. METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven (63 @entity1 and 114 @entity1 , mean age 52 years) @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity360 were endoscoped between August 1999 and December 2002. All @entity1 were treated endoscopically, medically or with surgery. The site of the @entity548 was noted and compared regarding rebleeding and mortality rates. RESULTS: 50% (3/6) of the @entity1 with @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus required further surgical procedure or were associated with mortality, but only 7% (12/171) of the @entity1 with @entity548 sites other than @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus had mortality or required further surgical intervention (p<0.05). Recurrent @entity548 occurred in 50% (3/6) of our @entity1 with @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus during their hospitalization compared to 7.60% (13/171) (p<0.05) of @entity1 with @entity548 sites other than @entity548 @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus. CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding @entity1066 on the anterior wall of the corpus is indicative of recurrence or persistence of the @entity548 and of greater mortality. Bleeding from this site needs more aggressive and diligent care.

title: The significance of corpus anterior wall XXXX on morbidity and mortality of @entity1 with @entity360 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is a frequent and bothersome symptom in hemodialysis @entity1 . Its etiology is not fully understood and that is why there is no specific treatment. The endocannabinoid system plays a role in many pathological conditions. There is reliable evidence on the association between cannabinoid system and @entity111 . In our study, we aimed to evaluate whether genetic variations in the endocannabinoid receptor 1 ( @entity6510 ) gene can affect @entity1381 . The @entity60117 , @entity60118 , @entity29133 , @entity60119 , @entity60120 , @entity60121 , and @entity44631 polymorphisms of the @entity6510 gene were genotyped in 159 hemodialysis @entity1 and 150 healthy controls using two multiplex polymerase chain reactions and the minisequencing technique. No statistically significant relationship was found in any of the evaluated genotypes between @entity1 with and without @entity1381 , even after excluding @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity2299 . There were no differences between @entity1 with @entity1381 and the control group. However, in the group of all @entity2033 @entity1 , a significantly higher incidence of GA genotype and lower incidence in GG genotype in the polymorphism rs806381s were revealed versus the control group (p = 0.04). It seems that polymorphisms of the @entity6510 gene are not associated with @entity1381 .

title: XXXX Is Not Associated with Endocannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus', 'Uremic pruritus', 'UP']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['Uremic Pruritus']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 having @entity4794 with left @entity715 , was admitted to our department and uneventful mitral valve replacement was performed. After weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass, massive @entity548 was encountered and the heart soon arrested. CPB was reinstituted after thirty minutes. The diagnosis was the left @entity9009 (Miller Type III), and the direct closure was successfully performed. The @entity1 was complicated with renal and @entity712 , which were well managed by the peritoneal dialysis and intraaortic balloon pumping. Long-term intratracheal intubation, however, was required due to the @entity1576 , and tracheostomy was done on the seventeenth postoperative day. The @entity1 was also complicated with @entity1764 , the cause of which was considered to be the @entity1727 ( @entity1727 ) diagnosed by esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy. Gastrostomy and continuous mediastinal lavage were performed but the @entity1727 was not closed. Thus, the direct suture of the esophageal fistula orifice and the resection of four tracheal rings followed by the direct end-to-end @entity254 were performed on the 102nd postoperative day. After the second operation, the @entity1 greatly improved, and was discharged eighty-seven days later, presenting only slight LV posterior wall hypokinesis but no @entity6184 .

title: [A successful repair of the left XXXX and @entity1727 complicated after mitral valve replacement--a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failures']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rupture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9727 ( @entity9727 ) in combination with more @entity9727 is a rare @entity154 occurring in 4% of neonates with duodenal @entity1146 . The experience of two European Pediatric Centers in treatment of @entity9727 ( @entity9727 ) is reported and the pertinent literature is reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the last 15 years a total of 86 neonates were operated upon for @entity9727 at the department of pediatric surgery of "St. Sophia" @entity1 's Hospital of Athens in Greece and the department of pediatric surgery of "Federico II" @entity1 's University Hospital of Naples in Italy; four of them had a @entity9727 . These ones presented with nonbilious vomiting and the plain film of the abdomen showed the typical "double bubble". Our cases with @entity9727 presented @entity20426 causing complete obstruction of the second part of the duodenum and dilatation of the duodenum distal to this obstruction due to an additional @entity850 (two cases) or a membranous web (two cases). A @entity9317 ( @entity9317 ) @entity254 was carried out to relieve the @entity9353 was used to relieve the distal stenosis. RESULTS: All @entity1 with double obstruction underwent successful surgery with no complications. The postoperative course was uneventfuL An upper gastrointestinal barium study at one month postoperatively showed no blind loop, @entity14873 , @entity850 or malfunction. CONCLUSIONS: a) The combination of duodenal @entity1146 with @entity20426 and @entity15960 or web is extremely rare. b) Patency of the duodenum distal to the usual obstruction should always be checked in order to avoid misdiagnosis of this combination.

title: XXXX combined with distal stenosis. A report of four cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity20426 :: ('MESH:C536376', 'Disease') :: ['annular pancreas']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['distal duodenal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['CDO', 'distal duodenal obstructions', 'CDDO', 'Congenital duodenal obstruction', 'congenital double duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14873 :: ('MESH:C536139', 'Disease') :: ['megaduodenum']

entities_list: @entity9353 :: ('MESH:D008882', 'Disease') :: ['proximal obstruction and a Heinecke-Mikulicz plasty']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'congenital stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'diamond shaped duodeno-duodenal']

answer: @entity20426 :: (MESH:C536376,Disease) :: ['Annular pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis has been demonstrated in several @entity1583 . BM angiogenesis is significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) treated with @entity3118 . The anti-angiogenic potential of alemtuzumab in @entity1072 has not yet been investigated. We, therefore, evaluated BM angiogenesis in @entity1072 @entity1 treated sequentially with @entity3118 and low doses of alemtuzumab. DESIGN AND METHODS: BM microvessel area was sequentially evaluated in 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity1072 who received, after a clinical response obtained with @entity3118 -induction therapy, alemtuzumab, three times weekly for 6 weeks at a dose of 10 mg. RESULTS: The complete response rate improved from 45% after @entity3118 induction to 90% after alemtuzumab consolidation. The extent of BM angiogenesis decreased continuously after either @entity3118 or alemtuzumab (p=0.0002; Kruskal-Wallis test). Thirteen out of 20 (65%) @entity1 changed from having a monoclonal to a polyclonal pattern of @entity7513 sequences after alemtuzumab consolidation. A separate evaluation carried out in @entity1 who achieved molecularly undetectable disease, as defined by polymerase chain reaction negativity, and in @entity1 who remained with minimal @entity66 after therapy with alemtuzumab showed a significant reduction of BM microvessel area only in the former (p=0.0002). Finally, molecular responses and a significant reduction of BM angiogenesis were more common in @entity1 who received the cumulative planned dose of alemtuzumab (i.e.,180 mg) than in @entity1 who received reduced doses (p=0.007 and p=0.0001, respectively). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these data demonstrate a decrease in BM vascularity that characterized @entity1072 @entity1 who received low doses of subcutaneous alemtuzumab consolidation therapy after a clinical response to @entity3118 induction therapy. Such a finding reflects, at least in part, the molecular response and cumulative dose of alemtuzumab.

title: Intense reversal of bone marrow angiogenesis after sequential @entity3118 -induction and alemtuzumab-consolidation therapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-cell CLL']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Monoaminergic projections are among the first supraspinal inputs to innervate spinal networks. Little is known regarding the role of @entity1154 in modulating ongoing locomotor patterns evoked by endogenous release of neurotransmitter. Here we activate a locomotor-like rhythm by electrical stimulation of afferents and then test the modulatory effects of @entity1154 on the frequency, pattern, and quality of the rhythm. Stimulation of the cauda equina induced a rhythm consisting of left-right and ipsilateral alternation indicative of locomotor-like activity. First, we examined the effects of @entity1063 (NA), @entity750 ( @entity750 ), or @entity935 (DA) at dose levels that did not elicit locomotor activity. Bath application of NA and DA resulted in a @entity308 of the cauda-equina-evoked rhythm. Conversely, bath-applied @entity750 increased both the amplitude and cycle period of the evoked rhythm, an effect that was mimicked by the addition of @entity750 (2) agonists to the bath. Application of @entity750 (7) agonists disrupted the evoked rhythmic behavior. Next, we examined the effects of NA alpha(1) and alpha(2) agonists and found that the suppressive effects of NA on the rhythm could be reproduced by adding the alpha(2) agonist, @entity1338 , to the bath. In contrast, bath applying the alpha(1) agonist, @entity2647 , increased the amplitude and duration of the cycle period. Finally, the suppressive effects of DA were not replicated by the administration of D(1), D(2), or D(3) agonists although application of NA alpha(2) antagonists reversed the effects of DA. Application of D(1) agonists, increased the amplitude of the bursts but did not affect the cycle period. Our results indicate that @entity1154 can control the expression, pattern, and timing of cauda-equina-evoked locomotor patterns in developing @entity19 .

title: Monoaminergic control of cauda-equina-evoked locomotion in the neonatal XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Esophageal ultrasound allows the esophageal wall to be viewed as five discrete layers. Lymph nodes are easily identified, and their size, shape, margin, and internal structure can be assessed. This provides an alternative method of preoperative (clinical) evaluation of the @entity5 [T] and the regional lymph nodes [N] of @entity1 with @entity189 . Esophageal ultrasound was attempted in the clinical staging of 28 @entity1 with @entity189 . Six @entity1 (21%) were not assessed because of the inability to pass the esophageal ultrasound probe through the malignant stricture. The staging system for @entity189 developed by the International Union Against @entity5 and the American Joint Committee on @entity5 was used. Twenty-two @entity1 had the true T determined by pathologic review of the resected esophagus. Esophageal ultrasound correctly identified T in 13 @entity1 (59% accuracy). In four @entity1 (18%) the disease was overstaged by esophageal ultrasound; all these @entity1 had early T1 @entity5 confined to the submucosa. In five @entity1 (23%) the disease was understaged by esophageal ultrasound; all of these @entity1 had advanced @entity5 (four T3 and one T4) that invaded beyond the esophageal wall. Seven of the nine incorrect esophageal ultrasound determinations were called T2 (three T1, three T3, one T4), which suggests that the borders of the muscularis propria require careful attention when evaluated by esophageal ultrasound. Twenty @entity1 had the true N determined by pathologic review of the resected specimen. Esophageal ultrasound correctly identified N in 14 @entity1 (70% accuracy). Three @entity1 were falsely identified as having N1 disease and three were falsely identified as having N0 disease. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for N assessment by esophageal ultrasound were 70%. Esophageal ultrasound provides an alternative method of visualization of the esophageal wall and regional lymph nodes. Our early experience shows promise for esophageal ultrasound in the clinical staging of @entity189 .

title: Esophageal ultrasound and the preoperative staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: We examined the role of @entity460 in the pathogenesis of @entity63 cardiac cell death in the isolated working @entity95 heart subjected to normothermic global @entity63 followed by reperfusion. Apart from measurements of cardiodynamic function and ultrastructural examination, we also used a cytochemical procedure to localize exchangeable @entity460 pools at the ultrastructural level. The effects of @entity1855 (1.5 x 10(-8) M, 3 x 10(-8) M) (high affinity for L-type @entity460 channels) were compared with those of R 56 865 (4 x 10(-7) M) ( @entity141 overload blocker with low affinity for the L-type @entity460 channels). A severe @entity308 of cardiac function was observed after solvent or @entity1855 pretreatment and 25 min of @entity63 followed by reperfusion. R 56 865 treatment resulted in a significantly improved postischemic recovery when compared to solvent and @entity1855 treatment groups. The ultrastructural and cytochemical results corroborated the hemodynamic findings. In solvent and @entity1855 -treated hearts, irreversible damage was observed mainly in mid- and endocardial areas. Ultrastructural changes were accompanied by shifts in @entity460 localization: i.e. loss of sarcolemmal @entity460 binding capacity, accumulation of @entity460 precipitate in the mitochondria. In the R 56 865 treatment group, damage was limited to some cells scattered in the midcardial areas. In conclusion, R 56 865, which has little affinity for the slow channels was highly effective in protecting against @entity2806 , indicating that, in this experimental set-up, the @entity460 responsible for cellular @entity141 overload is not entering via L-type @entity460 channels.

title: Protective effects of R 56 865 against XXXX in the isolated @entity95 heart.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3505 stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis West. @entity10327 . tritici Eriks.    Henn. (Pst), is a serious @entity364 . Identification of new genes associate with stripe rust resistance is important for developing disease resistant @entity3505 cultivars and studying the mechanism of disease resistance. Trihelix is a plant specific transcription factor family, which is involved in regulation of growth and development, morphogenesis, and response to stresses. So far, no study reports on the relationship between the Trihelix family and @entity3505 stripe rust. In this study, a gene in the GTy subfamily of Trihelix family, designated TuGTy-3, was cloned from @entity61405 Tum. (2n=2x=14, @entity5066 ). The results of sequencing demonstrated that TuGTy-3 gene consisted of a complete open reading frame (ORF), and its coding sequence was 1329 bp in length, which encoded a protein with 442 @entity3534 . The predicted molecular weight of this protein was 50.31 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point was 6.12. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that TuGTy-3 protein had a monopartite nuclear localization signal (GLPMQKKMRYT), and had neither transmembrane domain nor signal peptide. The conserved trihelix domain, the fourth a-helix and the CC domain were located in the regions of Q115?R187, F234?Y241 and K362?K436, respectively. Dissection of secondary structure showed that TuGTy-3 protein comprised of 43.89% a-helix, 9.51% extended strand, 9.95% b-turn and 36.65% random coil structures. Based on the BLAST search against the genome database of @entity3505 from IWGSC, TuGTy-3 was located on the long arm of chromosome 5A. Transient expression experiment using @entity33769 inner epidermal cell showed that the fusion protein TuGTy-3-GFP distributed mainly in nuclear and slightly in cytoplasm. Expression profiles in different organs indicated that expression level of TuGTy-3 was much higher in leaves than that in roots or leaf sheaths, and the expression in leaves was extremely up-regulated by infection of the Pst race CYR32. Furthermore, the @entity18084 -VIGS experiment demonstrated that the transcription factor TuGTy-3 positively regulated resistance to stripe rust in @entity61405 .

title: Transcription factor gene TuGTy-3 is involved in the stripe rust resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity61405 :: ('4572', 'Species') :: ['Triticum urartu', 'T. urartu']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['Wheat', 'common wheat', 'wheat']

answer: @entity61405 :: (4572,Species) :: ['Triticum urartu']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the spectrum of isolated white matter (WM)/ @entity130 and its relation to outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) and normal appearing basal ganglia and thalami. STUDY DESIGN: From 1992-2007, 84 term @entity1 with @entity2806 and normal basal ganglia and thalami on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging were studied; WM/cortical lesions were classified by site and severity. Neurodevelopmental outcomes and head growth were documented at a median age of 2 years. RESULTS: The WM was normal or mildly abnormal in 33.5%, moderate in 40.5%, and severely abnormal in 26% of @entity1 . Cortical involvement was not seen or was only mild in 75.5%, moderate in 13%, and severe in 12% of @entity1 . WM and @entity130 severity were highly correlated (Spearman    = 0.74; P < .001). @entity1 with severe @entity62 had more severe neonatal courses and a higher incidence of @entity4053 . No @entity1 died. Five @entity1 (6%) developed @entity306 but all could walk independently. Cognitive, visual, language, behavioral, and @entity410 problems were highly prevalent and correlated significantly with the severity of @entity62 and poor postnatal head growth. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2806 and selective WM/ @entity130 have a low prevalence of @entity306 but have a wide range of other problems, which occur more often with severe WM/cortical lesions.

title: @entity62 in XXXX : antecedent factors and 2-year outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WM injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: The vulva of @entity2199 has been long used as an experimental model of cell differentiation and organogenesis. While it is known that the signaling cascades of Wnt, Ras/MAPK, and @entity33582 interact to form a molecular network, there is no consensus regarding its precise topology and dynamical properties. We inferred the molecular network, and developed a multivalued synchronous discrete dynamic model to study its behavior. The model reproduces the patterns of activation reported for the following types of cell: vulval precursor, first fate, second fate, second fate with reversed polarity, third fate, and fusion fate. We simulated the fusion of cells, the determination of the first, second, and third fates, as well as the transition from the second to the first fate. We also used the model to simulate all possible single loss- and gain-of-function mutants, as well as some relevant double and triple mutants. Importantly, we associated most of these simulated mutants to multivulva, vulvaless, egg-laying defective, or defective polarity phenotypes. The model shows that it is necessary for @entity60946 to activate @entity33582 signaling, since the repression of @entity60947 by @entity60946 would not suffice for a proper second fate determination in an environment lacking DSL ligands. We also found that the model requires the complex formed by @entity47870 , @entity33582 , and @entity60948 to inhibit the transcription of @entity60949 in second fate cells. Our model is the largest reconstruction to date of the molecular network controlling the specification of vulval precursor cells and cell fusion control in @entity2199 . According to our model, the process of fate determination in the vulval precursor cells is reversible, at least until either the cells fuse with the ventral hypoderm or divide, and therefore the cell fates must be maintained by the presence of extracellular signals.

title: A network model for the specification of vulval precursor cells and cell fusion control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) is a member of the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) superfamily and is expressed primarily on the activated @entity404 ( )T lymphocytes. The @entity2936 molecule, the cognate receptor of @entity11603 presents on many immunocytes such as B lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) as well as on some neoplastic cells. Triggering of @entity2936 through @entity11603 plays a central role in the initiation and regulation of the @entity1 immune response. In order to further investigate the possible biological roles of @entity2936 signaling triggered by @entity11603 , we subcloned the DNA fragment encoding the extracellular region of @entity1 @entity11603 into the pSK plasmid. After being sequenced, the target fragment was introduced into the pPICZalphaA plasmid to construct the pPICZalphaA-sCD40L expressing vector which was then transduced into @entity10101 cells by electroporation. The tansformant expressed sCD40L in culture supernatants with a maximum yield of about 35 mg/L. Furthermore, we found that the recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity2936 ligand (rhsCD40L) could effectively induced @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes(PBMCs) in vitro in the absence of @entity310 into dendritic cells (DCs) with the typical morphology and special surface markers of dendritic cells including @entity4896 , @entity7938 , @entity8730 , and HLA-DR etc. To our surprise, the rhsCD40L also could inhibit directly in vitro proliferation of the @entity2936 -positive multiple @entity1582 cell line XG-2 and the @entity1892 cell line Daudi significantly at an optimal concentration from 2.5 to 15.0 mg/L, while @entity2936 negative @entity43 cell lines, SKB and @entity32776 , were not effected by either high or low concentration of rhsCD40L. Moreover, rhsCD40L had the same effects as @entity11603 -transfected cell in inducing XG2 cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that functional @entity1 soluble @entity11603 could be successfully expressed in the @entity10056 system and that the recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity11603 might be a potential immune adjuvant and a new powerful molecule for @entity5 bio-therapy.

title: Expression of @entity1 Soluble @entity2936 Ligand in XXXX and Its Effects on Dendritic Cells and Malignant B Cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B lymphoma']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: @entity8804 ( @entity8804 ) type II, an @entity74 affecting dentin, has been linked to mutations in the @entity25882 ( @entity25882 ) gene on chromosome 4q21. The gene product is cleaved into two dentin-specific matrix proteins, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein. The aim of this investigation was to study genotypes and phenotypes in two affected families with special reference to clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic manifestations. Seven affected members of Family A and five of Family B were documented clinically and radiographically; 14 and 10 teeth, respectively, were available for histopathologic investigation and prepared for ground sections, which were assessed semiquantitatively for @entity6349 manifestations in the dentin according to the scoring system, @entity4368 ( @entity4368 ). Venous blood samples were collected from six affected and ten unaffected members of Family A, and from eight affected and six unaffected members of Family B. Genomic DNA was extracted and used for sequence analyses. The two families presented with different missense mutations. An @entity62085 missense mutation in the DSP part of the gene was revealed in all six analyzed affected individuals in Family A. This mutation was not present in any of the ten healthy members. In Family B, an @entity62086 missense mutation involving the last residue of the signal peptide was found in all eight affected but in none of the six healthy members. The clinical and radiographic disturbances and @entity4368 were more severe in Family B. The data indicate the presence of a genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity8804 .

title: Clinical, histopathologic, and genetic investigation in two large families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62085 :: ('p|SUB|R|68|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg68Trp']

entities_list: @entity4368 :: ('MESH:D003805', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic dentin score', 'DDS']

entities_list: @entity8804 :: ('MESH:D003811', 'Disease') :: ['Dentinogenesis imperfecta', 'DI', 'DI type II']

entities_list: @entity62086 :: ('p|SUB|A|15|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala15Val']

entities_list: @entity25882 :: ('1834', 'Gene') :: ['DSPP', 'dentin sialophosphoprotein']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity8804 :: (MESH:D003811,Disease) :: ['dentinogenesis imperfecta type II']


abstract: TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) are generally regarded as mediators of thyroid stimulation in @entity2743 . In addition, a high serum TRAb value during pregnancy is one of the risk factors for intrauterine @entity204 , prematurity, and fetal or @entity1378 . Recently, correlations between a high serum TRAb value and endocrine opthalmopathy were also suggested. Surgical resection of the thyroid is usually followed by a reduction of serum TRAb levels in variable degrees. The relation between the extent of the thyroidectomy and the degree of reduction is still controversial. In addition, the changes in the TRAb value after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) over a long period of time have never been studied. We studied the changes in serum TRAb values after @entity348 and subtotal thyroidectomy (ST) for more than 7 years. Forty-one @entity1 with @entity2743 underwent @entity348 , and 99 @entity1 underwent ST. The serum TRAb values and the ratio of the @entity1 who achieved normal values among each group (normalization rates of TRAb) at 3 and 6 months, 1, 3, 5 and 7 years after surgery were compared between the @entity348 group and ST group. The mean preoperative TRAb values were not significantly different between the @entity348 and ST groups, and the mean TRAb values measured 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were not significantly different between the groups. However, the TRAb values measured 3, 5 and 7 years after surgery were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the @entity348 group than in the ST group (16.7 +/- 3.3% vs 28.0 +/- 2.6%, 12.6 +/- 3.4% vs 29.3 +/- 3.8%, 5.6 +/- 0.9% vs 25.4 +/- 4.1%, respectively). The normalization rates of TRAb were not significantly different between the groups until 1 year after surgery. However, the normalization rates 3, 5 and 7 years after surgery were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the @entity348 group than in the ST group (65.7% vs 42.4%, 77.3% vs 46.7%, 100% vs 59.1%, respectively). The surgical complication rates of @entity348 were similar to ST except for permanent @entity261 . @entity348 is a treatment option for @entity2743 , especially in @entity1 with a high TRAb value who wish to have @entity1 or who have Graves' opthalmopathy.

title: Changes in serum TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) values in XXXX with @entity2743 after total or subtotal thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TT', 'total thyroidectomy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2662 has been implicated in @entity2662 -associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ). Regarding its endemicity in Iran and the role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in reducing @entity508 , we decided to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in reducing @entity508 (as primary outcome) and @entity158 , muscle power, and quality of life (as secondary outcomes) in @entity1 suffering from @entity3498 / @entity3499 . METHODS: In this pretest-posttest study, nine definite @entity1 with @entity3498 / @entity3499 (according to WHO guidelines) were recruited. All @entity1 underwent five consecutive daily sessions of active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (each session consisting of 20 trains of 10 pulses at 5 Hz and an intensity of 90% of resting motor threshold for the biceps brachii muscle). Main outcome measures including @entity508 (by modified Ashworth scale), @entity158 (by visual analog scale), muscle power, and quality of life (by SF 36) were measured before the study and days 5, 7, 30 after the termination of the sessions. RESULTS: Seven (77.8%) females and 2 (22.2%) males were recruited with the mean age of 52    12.67 years, and the mean duration of the disease was 5    3.94. Comparison of the repeated measures showed a statistically significant decrease in @entity158 and @entity508 in lower limbs. The decrement in @entity508 was persistent even 30 days after the intervention; however, the @entity158 reduction was seen only 5 days after the procedure. No change in quality of life, and muscle power was detected. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could decrease @entity508 and @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity3498 / @entity3499 , and this effect could persistently continue by 1 month, but it did not influence @entity1 ' muscle power and quality of life, and it could be used as an adjuvant therapy in @entity1 suffering from @entity2662 -associated @entity3498 / @entity3499 .

title: Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Reducing Spasticity in XXXX Suffering From @entity2662 -Associated @entity602 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1', 'human T-lymphotropic virus type 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several chemicals such as N-diethylnitrosamine ( @entity108 ) promote @entity96 in rodents and induce @entity130 . @entity108 affects the initiation stage of @entity105 together with enhanced cell proliferation accompanied by @entity39 . @entity108 -induced @entity39 is reported to be related to enhanced generation of reactive @entity26 species. @entity9880 (CAR), @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ), and betaine (BET) are known to have powerful antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of CAR, @entity5624 , and BET pretreatments on @entity108 -induced oxidative stress and @entity99 in male @entity35 . @entity35 were given CAR (2 g L(-1) in drinking water), @entity5624 (2.5% in chow), and BET (2.5% in chow) for 6 weeks and @entity108 (200 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally) was given 2 days before the end of this period. Serum @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and y-glutamyl transferase activities were determined and a histopathologic evaluation was performed on the liver tissue. Oxidative stress was detected in the liver by measuring @entity1234 , diene conjugate, protein @entity6738 and nitrotyrosine levels, @entity2041 and @entity2041 peroxidase levels, and @entity224 dismutase and @entity2041 transferase activities. Pretreatments with CAR, @entity5624 , and BET decreased liver prooxidant status without remarkable changes in antioxidant parameters in @entity108 -treated @entity35 . Pretreatments with @entity5624 and BET, but not CAR, were also found to be effective to reduce @entity409 in @entity108 -treated @entity35 . In conclusion, @entity5624 , BET, and possibly CAR may have an ameliorating effect on @entity108 -induced @entity99 by reducing oxidative stress in @entity35 .

title: Effects of @entity9880 , XXXX , and betaine pretreatments on diethylnitrosamine-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury in @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnosine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte injury']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['taurine']


abstract: The use of permanent radioactive implants (125I or 103Pd seeds) to treat selected @entity263 @entity1 has been increasing rapidly all over the world for the last 15 years. It is estimated that more than 50,000 @entity1 are treated this way every year in the world, and this number is anticipated to increase in the near future. Although no accidents or adverse effects involving medical staff and/or members of the @entity1 's family have been reported to date, this brachytherapy technique raises a number of radiation safety issues that need specific recommendations from the ICRP. All data concerning the dose received by @entity1 approaching @entity1 after implantation have been reviewed. Those doses have been either been measured directly or calculated. The available data show that, in the vast majority of cases, the dose to comforters and carers remains well below the recommended limit of 1 @entity2073 /year. Only the (rare) case where the @entity1 's partner is pregnant at the time of implantation may need specific precautions. Expulsion of sources through urine, semen, or the gastro-intestinal tract is rare. Specific recommendations should be given to @entity1 to allow them to deal adequately with this event. Of note, due to the low activity of an isolated seed and its low photon energy, no incident/accident linked to seed loss has ever been recorded. When performed in the first few months after implantation, cremation of bodies (frequent in some countries) raises several issues related to: (1) the activity that remains in the @entity1 's ashes; and (2) the airborne dose, potentially inhaled by crematorium staff or members of the public. Review of available data shows that cremation can be allowed if 12 months have elapsed since implantation with 125I (3 months for 103Pd). If the @entity1 dies before this delay has elapsed, specific measures must be undertaken. Specific recommendations have to be given to the @entity1 to warn his surgeon in case of subsequent pelvic or abdominal surgery. A 'wallet card' with all relevant information about the implant is useful. In most cases, brachytherapy does make the @entity1 infertile. However, although the therapy-related modifications of the semen reduce fertility, @entity1 must be aware of the possibility of fathering @entity1 after such a permanent implantation, with a limited risk of genetic effects for the @entity1 . @entity1 with permanent implants must be aware of the possibility of triggering certain types of security radiation monitors. The 'wallet card' including the main information about the implant (see above) may prove to be helpful in such a case. Considering the available experience after @entity263 , the risk of radio-induced secondary @entity5 appears to be extremely low. The demonstrated benefit of brachytherapy clearly outweighs, by far, the very limited (mainly theoretical)increase in the radiation-induced @entity5 risk.

title: Radiation safety aspects of brachytherapy for XXXX using permanently implanted sources. A report of ICRP Publication 98.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'brachytherapy and external irradiation of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), a @entity395 , is uncharacterized by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was aimed to evaluate the diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) manifestations of @entity3605 and to discuss their diagnostic value. METHODS: The findings of T(1)-weighted MRI (T(1)WI), T(2)-weighted MRI (T(2)WI), DWI and post-contrast MRI in 5 @entity1 (3 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity3605 and 2 @entity1 with clinically-proven @entity3605 ) were retrospectively analyzed in this study. RESULTS: Four out of the 5 @entity1 had @entity194 of various degrees. One @entity1 showed symmetric high signal intensity at the bilateral globus pallidus and the head of the caudate nucleus, with very high signal in the cerebral cortex on the DWI. This @entity1 only had symmetric slightly high signal at the bilateral globus pallidus and putamen on T(2)WI. One @entity1 had high signal intensity at the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex on DWI, but abnormal T(2) signal intensity at the bilateral paraventricular white matter on MRI. Two @entity1 presented with widely gyri-like high signal intensity at the cortex on DWI, but routine MRI showed bilateral paraventricular long T(2) signal intensity in 1 @entity1 and no abnormal findings in another. No abnormalities were shown by both routine MRI and DWI in the last @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: DWI is more sensitive than its conventional counterpart in the depiction of @entity3605 . DWI is more sensitive to detect cortical abnormal signal intensity in @entity3605 not detected by T(2)WI.

title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is associated with the presence of particular @entity1533 alleles. In order to characterize @entity3098 and/or- @entity3099 alleles that contribute to disease susceptibility besides @entity1533 alleles, we have analysed the @entity1533 polymorphism in 84 @entity309 @entity1 and 135 controls. HLA typing for @entity1533 alleles was performed using sequence-specific primers in combination with sequence-based typing. @entity3099 alleles were characterized by reverse dot-blot hybridization. Our data confirm the predominant role of the (Q)R/KRAA sequence from AA position 70-74 of the HLA-DRB chain for disease susceptibility. In particular, the @entity376 (K) substitution at position 71 was highly significantly associated with @entity309 . Analysis of the @entity3098 locus revealed no association with @entity309 when linkage disequilibrium between @entity1533 alleles was considered. In contrast, we observed an increased frequency of @entity3099 *0401 among (Q)R/KRAA-positive @entity1 . (Q)R/KRAA-negative @entity309 @entity1 exhibited an overrepresentation of @entity3099 *0201 and @entity3099 *0601. Rheumatoid factor (RF) production correlated with the presence of the disease-associated (Q)R/KRAA @entity535 cassette of the HLA-DRB chain. When @entity3099 allele frequencies were compared between RF-positive and RF-negative @entity309 @entity1 , we observed an increased frequency of @entity3099 *0401 among RF-positive @entity309 @entity1 and @entity3099 *0201 among RF-negative @entity1 . These results suggest that besides the predominent role of HLA-DR molecules in @entity309 , @entity3099 molecules may have an influence on disease susceptibility and could modulate disease progression. @entity3099 *0401 may function in addition to @entity1533 *04, whereas @entity3099 *0201 and - @entity3099 *0601 may represent additional risk factors among (Q)R/KRAA-negative @entity309 @entity1 .

title: HLA-DR/DQ/DP interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1533 :: ('3123', 'Gene') :: ['HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1', 'HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1', 'HLA-DRB1']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) has been found to frequently precedes the onset of @entity453 ( @entity453 ), representing an early marker of subclinical @entity455 , included @entity453 . Its recognition is, therefore, a "window opportunity" to prevent a coronary event by aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. The @entity432 ( @entity432 ) has been proposed as a putative mechanism to explain the relationship between @entity323 and @entity453 . Since @entity731 is a @entity74 all major vascular beds should be affected to the same extent. However, symptoms at different points in the system rarely become evident at the same time. This is likely the result of smaller vessels (i.e. the penile artery) being able to less well tolerate the same amount of plaque when compared with larger ones (i.e. the coronary artery). If true, @entity323 will develop before @entity453 . We present a case in which @entity323 developed after a coronary event yet before a coronary recurrence potentially representing a late marker of vascular progression. Reasons for this unusual sequence are discussed as they might still fit the @entity432 .

title: Clinical significance of XXXX developing after acute coronary event: exception to the rule or confirmation of the @entity432 ?

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ASH', 'artery size hypothesis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) is a well-recognized complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). In @entity1 with failed primary management of @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ), an assessment of the hepatic arterial system may be important to determine the presence of @entity130 . This study was conducted to determine the incidence of @entity130 in @entity1 with failed primary management of LC-related @entity1157 and to establish a potential correlation between the level of @entity1157 and the incidence of @entity130 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 18 @entity1 referred for failed primary management of LC-related @entity1157 who underwent prospective arteriography as part of the preoperative work-up. RESULTS: Of the 18 @entity1 who sustained @entity1157 , @entity1535 level 4 lesions were found in 7 @entity1 (39%), level 3 in 8 @entity1 (44%), and level 2 in 3 @entity1 (17%). @entity130 was identified on arteriography in 11 @entity1 (61%). @entity130 was present in 71% of @entity1 with level 4 lesions, 63% of @entity1 with level 3 lesions, and 33% of @entity1 with level 2 lesions. The time interval from primary management to its failure was longer in @entity130 than in @entity1157 alone. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed a high incidence of @entity130 in @entity1 with failed primary management of LC-related @entity1157 . Arterial disruption may affect the outcome of primary management of @entity1157 .

title: Failed primary management of XXXX : incidence and significance of concomitant hepatic arterial disruption.

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'BDI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['VBI', 'Vasculobiliary injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic biliary injury']


abstract: The clinical course of @entity291 @entity11087 (BLAD) in eight Holstein Friesian @entity291 is described. Affected animals were presented with a history of poor thriving and recurrent @entity2348 . Five of these animals had to be killed because of severe @entity1576 shortly after admittance. Three affected animals survived calfhood only as a result of frequent antibacterial treatments. At one year of age, failure to thrive and stunted growth were still evident, but infections requiring antibiotic treatments occurred only sporadically. Clinical manifestations of BLAD were found in the digestive system ( @entity2522 , @entity2521 , @entity11037 , @entity294 ), the respiratory system and the skin ( @entity73 , @entity9335 ). A @entity491 based on a mature neutrophilia, which persisted during infection-free periods, was observed in all animals. Granulocytes were substantially deficient of beta 2-integrin expression on their membranes. @entity417 , which was noted in four animals, may be related to the @entity417 ( @entity417 ). The serum total protein content increased with time and was associated with elevated gamma-globulin levels. We suggest that, at a certain age, animals affected with BLAD are able to cope with environmental agents due to compensatory mechanisms of the immune system.

title: XXXX leukocyte adhesion deficiency--clinical course and laboratory findings in eight affected animals.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'Anaemia of Inflammatory Disease Complex', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity11037 :: ('MESH:D004368', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar periostitis']

entities_list: @entity11087 :: ('MESH:D018370', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative role of psychopathology in the relationship between physical activity and sleep, the present study investigated the day-to-day relationship between physical activity and sleep in individuals without a @entity146 and individuals with @entity162 using a longitudinal, naturalistic design. METHOD: @entity1 in two groups-a healthy group with no @entity146 (N=36) and an inter-episode @entity162 group (N=32)- were studied over a two-month period. Physical health was assessed by the SF-36. Daily subjective and objective measures of physical activity and sleep were collected. A total of 6,670 physical activity measurements and 6,548 sleep measurements were logged. RESULTS: The @entity162 group exhibited poorer physical health on the SF-36 and more @entity25 relative to the healthy group. No group differences were found in physical activity, nor in models examining the relationship between physical activity and sleep. @entity3628 indicated that for every standard deviation increase in @entity25 (i.e., increased total wake time), there was a three percent decrease in subsequent day physical activity, in both the healthy and bipolar groups. Increased physical activity was associated with improved sleep for @entity1 who reported greater average @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: The results for all @entity1 in the study suggest that reduced physical activity and sleep difficulties may be mutually maintaining processes, particularly for individuals who suffer from poor sleep. Findings also raise the potential importance of targeting physical activity and sleep concurrently in interventions aimed at improving physical and mental health.

title: Physical activity and sleep: Day-to-day associations among individuals with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear models']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding factors which may promote walking in mid-life and older adults with @entity73 is key given the association between physical activity and positive health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between active trips and objective measures of the home neighborhood built environment. METHODS: @entity262 ( @entity262 ) data collected on 28 adults age 50+ with mobility disabilities were analyzed for active trips from home. Objective and geographic information systems (GIS) derived measures included Walk Score, population density, street connectivity, crime rates, and slope within the home neighborhood. For this cross-sectional observational study, we conducted mean comparisons between @entity1 who took active trips from home and those who did not for the objective measures. Effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of group differences. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (32%) took active trips from home. Walking in the home neighborhood was significantly associated with GIS derived measures (Walk Score, population density, and street density; effect sizes 0.9-1.2). @entity1 who used the home neighborhood for active trips had less slope within 1 km of home but the difference was not significant (73.5 m    22 vs. 100.8 m    38.1, p = 0.06, d = 0.8). There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores for crime rates between those with active trips from home and those without. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide preliminary evidence that more walkable environments promote active mobility among mid-life and older adults with mobility disabilities. The data suggest that this population can and does use active transportation modes when the built environment is supportive.

title: Built environment attributes related to XXXX measured active trips in mid-life and older adults with mobility disabilities.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mobility impairments']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['GPS', 'Global positioning systems']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['GPS']


abstract: Failure of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) to mature and @entity715 in @entity292 have been the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . @entity850 , which occurs due to adverse remodeling in AVFs, is one of the major underlying factors under both scenarios. Early diagnosis of a @entity850 in an @entity2548 can provide an opportunity to intervene in a timely manner for either assisting the maturation process or avoiding the @entity715 . The goal of surveillance strategies was to supplement the clinical evaluation (i.e., physical examination) of the @entity2548 for better and earlier diagnosis of a developing @entity850 . Surveillance strategies were mainly based on measurement of functional hemodynamic endpoints, including blood flow (Qa) to the vascular access and venous access pressure (VAP). As the changes in arterial pressure (MAP) affects the level of VAP, the ratio of VAP to MAP (VAPR = VAP/MAP) was used for diagnosis. A Qa < 400-500 mL/min or a VAPR > 0.55 is considered sign of significant @entity850 , which requires immediate intervention. However, due to the complex nature of AVFs, the surveillance strategies have failed to consistently detect @entity850 under different scenarios. VAPR has been primarily developed to detect outflow @entity850 in @entity2758 , and it hasn't been successful in accurate diagnosis of outflow lesions in AVFs. Similarly, AVFs can maintain relatively high blood flow despite the presence of a significant outflow @entity850 and thus, Qa has been found to be a better predictor of only inflow lesions. Similar shortcomings have been reported in the detection of functional severity of @entity3979 using diagnostic endpoints that were based on either flow or pressure. This limitation has been associated with the fact that both pressure and flow change in the presence of a @entity850 and thus, hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints that employ only one of these parameters are inherently prone to inaccuracies. Recent attempts have resulted in development of new diagnostic endpoints that can combine the effects of pressure and flow. These new hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints have shown to be better predictors of functional severity of lesions as compared to either flow or pressure based counterparts. In this review article, we discussed the advantages and limitations of current functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints in AVFs.

title: Combined functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints for assessing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous grafts']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['matured fistulas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sonohysterography can differentiate septate from @entity7996 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Outpatient @entity249 clinic of a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Twenty @entity1 with history of recurrent @entity393 and @entity146 . INTERVENTION(S): Sonohysterography was done in all @entity1 . Laparoscopy was performed to confirm diagnosis in 10 @entity1 and was not done in 10 @entity1 . All @entity1 with septate uterus underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty; simultaneous laparoscopy was done in @entity1 who had diagnostic laparoscopy. Abdominal metroplasty was performed in @entity1 with @entity7996 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Shape of the uterine cavity after surgery and pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S): The shape of the uterine cavity was normal in seven cases in each group and almost normal in six other @entity1 after surgery. There were two pregnancy losses after metroplasty, one in a @entity1 who had laparoscopy and one in a @entity1 who did not have laparoscopy. One case of @entity7996 occurred in each group. CONCLUSION(S): Sonohysterography can differentiate septate and @entity7996 and may eliminate the need for laparoscopy to diagnose these @entity4547 .

title: Differential diagnosis of septate and XXXX by sonohysterography eliminates the need for laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4547 :: ('MESH:C562565', 'Disease') :: ['uterine anomalies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hysterosalpingographic diagnosis of septate or bicornuate uterus']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['bicornuate uterus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity7996 :: (MESH:D014594,Disease) :: ['bicornuate uterus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity521 is a common @entity5 that is derived from improperly differentiated @entity6648 cells (NCC). We recently revealed that endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 ( @entity9813 / @entity9813 ) is a key factor mediating the growth and differentiation of enteric NCCs during development. In this report, we further elucidate its role in @entity521 progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied the expression and copy number of @entity9813 / @entity9813 receptors ( @entity58303 and @entity23739 ) in 26 @entity5 by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Implication of @entity9813 / @entity9813 signaling in @entity521 progression was further shown in a @entity521 cell line (SK-N-SH). RESULTS: We found that all @entity521 samples from stages II to IV expressed both @entity58303 and @entity23739 . Kruskall-Wallis signed rank tests revealed that the expression level of @entity58303 transcript is associated with the stages and metastasis of the @entity521 (P<0.05), and @entity23739 is persistently higher in advanced-stage @entity521 samples. About 38% of the @entity5 (10:26) possessed @entity4180 amplification, whereas no @entity58303 and @entity23739 amplifications were detected, suggesting that the overexpression of the receptors was not due to gene amplification. Subsequent functional studies showed that @entity9813 / @entity9813 activates the @entity584 pathway to induce the proliferation of @entity521 cells. Targeted down-regulation studies revealed that @entity9813 / @entity9813 -mediated proliferation requires the presence of these two receptors, and that @entity23739 is essential for inhibiting apoptosis. In vitro migration and invasion assays also indicated that @entity9813 / @entity9813 significantly enhances the cell migration/invasion of SK-N-SH. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown for the first time that aberrant @entity9813 / @entity9813 signaling favors @entity521 progression and could be a potential target for future @entity521 treatment.

title: Implications of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 signaling in human XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric tumor', 'neuroblastoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: High definition colonoscopy may improve @entity652 rates but studies report conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic yield of @entity1586 between high definition colonoscopy and standard video endoscopy (SVE). METHODS: Various electronic databases were searched for articles reporting on high definition colonoscopy. The pooled incremental yield and pooled weighted mean difference of high definition colonoscopy over SVE for @entity1127 detection was determined. RESULTS: Five studies involving 4422 @entity1 provided data on the total number of @entity1127 detected. The incremental yield of high definition colonoscopy for the detection of any @entity1127 was 3.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1 % - 6.7 %) with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 26. For the detection of @entity6523 the incremental yield was 3.5 % (95 %CI 0.9 % - 6.1 %) with an NNT of 28. There were no differences between high definition and SVE in the detection of high risk @entity652 , with an incremental yield of -0.1 % (95 %CI -1.7 % to 1.6 %). When grouped according to the overall @entity652 rate of the studies (> 50 % or < 50 %) the pooled weighted mean difference in small @entity652 was better with high definition colonoscopy ( P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: There were marginal differences between high definition colonoscopy and SVE for the detection of @entity1586 . High definition colonoscopy did not improve the detection of high risk @entity652 . Due to differences in the @entity652 rate between the studies and the nonrandomized study design of three of the five studies, these results need to be interpreted with caution. Prospective randomized trials looking at long term outcomes such as rates of interval or missed @entity5 are needed to clarify the clinical implications.

title: High definition colonoscopy vs. standard video endoscopy for the detection of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps', 'colonic polyps/adenomas']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']