abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) is recognized as the major cause of focal @entity302 in childhood. Various factors influencing postsurgical @entity410 outcome in pediatric @entity1 with @entity10067 have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze different variables in relation to @entity410 outcome in order to identify prognostic factors for selection of pediatric @entity1 with @entity10067 for @entity302 surgery. METHODS: A cohort of 149 @entity1 with histologically confirmed mild @entity6795 or @entity10067 with at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up was retrospectively studied; 113 subjects had at least 5 years of postoperative follow-up. Twenty-eight clinical, EEG, MRI, neuropsychological, surgical, and histopathologic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The only significant predictor of surgical success was completeness of surgical resection, defined as complete removal of the @entity75 (if present) and the cortical region exhibiting prominent ictal and interictal abnormalities on intracranial EEG. Unfavorable surgical outcomes are mostly caused by overlap of @entity6349 and eloquent cortical regions. There were nonsignificant trends toward better outcomes in @entity1 with normal intelligence, after hemispherectomy and with @entity10067 type II. Other factors such as age at @entity410 onset, duration of @entity302 , @entity410 frequency, associated pathologies including @entity131 , extent of EEG and MRI abnormalities, as well as extent and localization of resections did not influence outcome. Twenty-five percent of @entity1 changed Engel's class of @entity410 outcome after the second postoperative year. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to define and fully excise the entire region of @entity6349 cortex is the most powerful variable influencing outcome in pediatric @entity1 with focal @entity6795 .

title: Incomplete resection of focal XXXX is the main predictor of poor postsurgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural MRI lesion']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia', 'malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'Focal cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses are key providers in the care of @entity1 with mild @entity131 (mTBI). New treatment recommendations emphasize symptom assessment and brain rest guidelines to optimize recovery. This study compared pediatric @entity130 core nurses' knowledge, degree of confidence, and perceived change in practice following mTBI education. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity130 core nurses were invited to participate in this voluntary quasiexperimental, one-group pretest-posttest study. Multiple choice questions were developed to assess knowledge, and self-report Likert scale statements were used to evaluate confidence and change in practice. Baseline data of 25 @entity130 core nurses were assessed and then reassessed 1 month postintervention. RESULTS: Paired samples analysis showed significant improvement in knowledge (mean pretest: 33.6% vs. mean posttest score: 79.2%; 95% CI [35.6, 55.6]; t = 9.368; p < .001). All but two test questions yielded a significant increase in the number of @entity1 with correct responses. Preintervention confidence was low (0-32% per question) and significantly increased postintervention (26%-84% per question). Despite increased administration of the symptom assessment and identification of interventions for symptom resolution posteducation (  (2)6.125, p = .001), these scores remained low. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate that educational intervention effectively increased @entity130 core nurses' knowledge and confidence in applying content into practice. Postintervention scores did not uniformly increase, and not all @entity130 core nurses consistently transferred content into practice. Further research is recommended to evaluate which teaching method and curriculum content are most effective to educate @entity130 core nurses and registered nurses caring for @entity1 with mTBI and to identify barriers to incorporating this knowledge in practice.

title: Effect of an educational intervention on nursing staff knowledge, confidence, and practice in the care of XXXX with mild @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: RISING INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE: The frequency of @entity302 after the age of 60 years is increasing, a particularly important point in light of the rise in this age group. Incidence is estimated to exceed 100 cases per 100,000 subjects over the age of 60, reaching 160 per 100,000 in subjects aged 80 to 84 years. Prevalence exceeds 7 per 1000 in the 55 to 64 age group and 12 per 1000 in the 85 to 94 age group. CLINICAL FEATURES IN THE ELDERLY: Partial complex @entity410 are particularly frequent. Some @entity1 experience @entity410 -related @entity911 states or slowly regressive @entity51 . THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY: Excepting acute @entity410 induced by @entity146 cerebral events, treatment should be aimed at the triggering factor. Anti- @entity302 drugs are warranted in @entity1 who experience 2 or more @entity410 and for whom no amendable triggering factor can be identified. For @entity64 @entity1 , long-term treatment should be reexamined after the acute phase. DRUG PRESCRIPTION: @entity1245 have proven efficacy when the objective is to achieve rapid control of frequent @entity410 . However, for elderly subjects, the risk of sedation and known adverse effects must be carefully assessed for these drugs. All anti- @entity302 agents are active: choosing the right drug for elderly subjects depends basically on @entity1 tolerance and risk of drug interaction. Special attention should be given to the effect on cognitive function.

title: [Anti- XXXX drugs and their use in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Background. Racial differences in @entity0 survival may be in part due to variation in patterns of care. To better understand factors influencing survival disparities, we evaluated patterns of receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy among 2,234 @entity1 with invasive, nonmetastatic @entity0 treated at the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) from 1996 through 2005. Methods. Sociodemographic and clinical information were obtained from linked datasets from the HFHS, Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance Systems, and U.S. Census. Comorbidity was measured using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and economic deprivation was categorized using a neighborhood deprivation index. Results. African American (AA) @entity1 were more likely than whites to have advanced @entity5 with more aggressive clinical features, to have more comorbidity and to be socioeconomically deprived. While in the unadjusted model, AAs were more likely to receive chemotherapy ( @entity32787 , 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.46) and to have a delay in receipt of chemotherapy beyond 60 days (OR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.26-1.48), after multivariable adjustment there were no racial differences in receipt ( @entity7644 , 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.43), or timing of chemotherapy (OR 1.18, 95 CI, 0.8-1.74). Conclusions. Societal factors and not race appear to have an impact on treatment delay among African American @entity1 with early @entity0 .

title: Racial differences in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX in a large urban integrated health system.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A case of @entity1653 was reported. 75-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department on November 11, 1974 because of a slowly growing @entity5 in the right frontoparietal area. The @entity5 was ovoid and 15x13 cm in size, protruding 5 cm above the skin level, and covered by the normal scalp. Neurological and electroencephalographic examination were negative. Spinal tap showed an opening pressure of 90 mm of water and clear CSF with 62 mg/dl of protein content. Plain roentgenogram and laminagram of the skull revealed both osteolytic and osteoblastic change in the outer and inner table of the skull just beneath the @entity5 . A right external carotid angiography disclosed a homogeneous @entity5 stain supplied by the superficial temporal artery and draining into the superficial temporal vein. A right carotid angiogram showed a 1 cm thick avacular area. The segmentally occluded superior sagittal sinus was displaced inward together with bridging collateral channels. Radiologically these picture corresponded to "intracranial @entity15224 " discussed by Huckman et al. The @entity5 was well-circumscribed, encapsulated and loosely adherent to the periosteum and the skull except for a small portion through which the @entity5 was communicated with its intracranial part. Histological examination revealed that it was a typical @entity1653 . This case should be allocated to the transitional or intermediate type between Lopez II and III type. In the schematical presentation (Fig. 6) we tried to readjust the rather confusing concept and classification of the @entity1653 .

title: [ XXXX --report of a case (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['extracalvarial meningioma', 'endotheliomatous meningioma']

entities_list: @entity15224 :: ('MESH:D007965', 'Disease') :: ['non-globoid shape or avascular meningioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extracalvarial tumor']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Extracalvarial meningioma']


abstract: Eighteen out of twenty @entity1522 have been used for identifying tRNAs from the @entity12638 @entity12638 L. fractionated on two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. 43 spots out of 53 have been identified. This mapping confirms previous results and brings new answers to some questions on the regulation of tRNA biosynthesis. 1. In addition to quantitative adaptation of tRNAs to the composition of silk proteins ( @entity36922 from the posterior silk gland, sericin from the middle part) and of iso-tRNAs from posterior silk gland to the major codons of @entity36922 mRNA, we also observe adaptation of tRNA from various tissues to the average @entity535 content of proteins from fat body, gut, gonads and carcass of the @entity12638 . 2. In the silk gland, turnover rates of several tRNA species are similar. The selective accumulation of tRNAs needed for decoding @entity36922 and sericin mRNAs which takes place during the Vth larval instar, cannot be explained by the occurrence of a preferential degradation of some tRNA species. 3. Under given conditions for incubating silk glands, it is possible to obtain an accumulation of precursor tRNA species, which are enriched in pre-tRNAAla and pre-tRNAGly in the posterior silk gland and pre-tRNASer in the middle part. 4. The distribution of tRNA genes is not random. tRNA genes for @entity2228 , @entity493 and @entity563 are prominent. Selective transcription of batteries of iso-tRNA genes could explain our data.

title: Studies on tRNA adaptation, tRNA turnover, precursor tRNA and tRNA gene distribution in XXXX by using two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity384 between a single dose and three doses of 1% @entity12023 and 10% @entity2647 for binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective randomized double-blind clinical controlled trial was conducted. All @entity1 underwent the binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and met the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups using block randomization. Group A received a single dose of 1% @entity12023 and 10% @entity2647 eye drops, and Group B received three doses of the same drugs. The primary outcome was the horizontal pupil diameter measured by slit-lamp biomicroscope (Haag-Streit model 900) before and at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes after eye drop instillation. The clinical equivalence of the efficacy of @entity384 between the two groups was defined as the difference of less than or equal to 1 mm (-1 mm to + 1 mm). RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 (160 eyes) were randomized into 40 @entity1 (80 eyes) in group A and 40 @entity1 (80 eyes) in group B. The mean pupil sizes at baseline of group A were 3.51 +/- 0.63 mm in the right eye and 3.39 +/- 0.67 mm in the left eye. Those in group B were 3.61 +/- 0.67 mm in the right eye and 3.66 +/- 0.72 mm in the left eye. The mean pupil diameters at 30 minutes of group A were 7.34 +/- 0.51 mm in the right eye and 7.41 +/- 0.56 mm in the left eye, whereas those of group B were 7.49 +/- 0.45 mm in the right eye and 7.51 +/- 0.40 mm in the left eye. The mean difference of the pupil size between the two groups was 0.15 mm (p = 0.175) in the right eye and 0.l0 mm (p = 0.362) in the left eye. The 95% confidence intervals of the difference in pupil size were -0.36 to 0.07 mm in the right eye and -0.32 to 0.12 mm in the left eye. CONCLUSION: The 95% confidence interval of the difference in pupil size lay entirely within the range of equivalence. The single dose of 1% @entity12023 and 10% @entity2647 was clinically equivalent to the three doses of the same drugs.

title: Single dose of 1% @entity12023 and 10% XXXX for @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupil dilation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: Twenty-five Baoule ( @entity291 ) and 12 @entity7040 ( @entity7040 ) @entity291 , which were part of an experiment aimed at characterizing @entity291 for resistance to trypanosomosis under natural challenge in Burkina Faso, were monitored for complement levels. Total haemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway and C3 in sera taken weekly were estimated. The results were analysed in relation to the course of the disease, parasitological data, packed red cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and body weight. All the animals became @entity281 . congolense. The @entity7040 had to be treated with @entity12695 ( @entity12695 , Hoechst, W. Germany) after a mean period of 5 weeks of @entity281 , whereas 7 of the 25 Baoule remained in good condition throughout the experiment. The remaining 18 Baoule required treatment after a variable period of @entity281 . There was a decrease in haemolytic complement activity (HC') as well as in C3 levels, which coincided with the first detection of parasites in the blood. The titres in the @entity7040 fell to 10-20% of pre- @entity281 level within 2-3 weeks and they showed no tendency towards regaining normal levels. The drop in complement in the Baoule was less pronounced and was in most cases followed by an increase approaching normal values. In these animals, the complement level in @entity281 was found to depend on the intensity of parasite load and on the control potential of each individual. There was a significant correlation between minimum complement activity (min. HC'), minimum C3 (min C3) and minimum @entity1485 (min. @entity1485 ) in @entity281 . These three parameters correlated with individual resistance and might, therefore, be useful criteria for the identification of the most resistant individuals within a trypanotolerant breed.

title: Serum haemolytic complement activity and C3 levels in XXXX trypanosomosis under natural conditions of challenge--early indications of individual susceptibility to disease.

entities_list: @entity12695 :: ('MESH:C003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Berenil', 'Diminazene aceturate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection', 'infection', 'infected with Trypanosoma vivax and/or T']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['Zebu', 'Bos indicus']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'Bos taurus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Few studies have documented how @entity161 @entity1 perceived their needs and which coping skills they have spontaneously developed. All 48 @entity1 of the Louis-H. Lafontaine Young Adults Clinic, a specialised @entity161 clinic in Montreal, were invited to complete the Task Motivation and Problem Appraisal in Long Term Psychiatric @entity1 questionnaire. Our study utilised a descriptive approach and a classification of @entity1 's reported problems and their coping skills. A panel of researchers and clinical staff then regrouped @entity1 's perceived problems into four categories: symptoms, coping strategies, organisation of daily activities and interpersonal contacts. The main coping strategies utilised by these young @entity1 are confrontation (52%) emotion-centered coping (57%). Clinical applications can be drawn from paying attention to the reports of @entity161 @entity1 . For example, rehabilitation activities can be developed which cater to their perceived needs. Because of @entity75 , which make cognitive appreciation more difficult, their coping strategies should be diversified. @entity1 suffering from negative symptoms of @entity161 mainly attempt to modify emotional impact, until they have discovered a way of confronting deficit symptoms. Better motivation to therapeutic programmes would result from paying attention to their perspectives.

title: [Strategies for coping in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe hypoactivity']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) after @entity0 is nowadays a major challenge. Complementary interventions are necessary because of frequent @entity308 symptoms after treatment and also to favour return to activity. Besides, radio-chemotherapy has side-effects like weight gain and fatigue. Several strategies including group behavioural-educational interventions, physical training and/or dietary education, have been tested to answer these difficulties with moderate success in the long run. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-one non-metastatic @entity1 were accrued after chemotherapy in a prospective randomised multicenter trial between 2008 and 2010, testing a 2-week intervention in SPA centres. Intervention comprised group physical training, dietary education and physiotherapy. Selected @entity1 were in complete remission. QoL was evaluated with SF36 questionnaire, @entity148 and @entity308 with the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 (HAD) one. Anthropometric measures and QoL evaluations were obtained before randomisation and every 6 months during 3 years. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty @entity1 were evaluable at 1 year. Intervention increased SF36 score by 9.5 points (p=0.000006), 4.6 (p=0.032) and 6.2 (p=0.028) respectively at 6, 12 and 24 months. Effect size (ES) was 0.63 [0.37; 0.90], 0.29 [0.03; 0.55] and 0.41 [0.04; 0.78]. @entity148 score was shortly minored by intervention (6-month ES=-0.24 [-0.42; -0.05]) and @entity308 score more durably: ES=-0.45 [-0.72; -0.18], -0.34 [-061; -0.08], and -0.26 [-0.63; 0.11] at 6, 12 and 24 months. CONCLUSION: This 2-week group intervention seemed to durably influence QoL of @entity0 @entity1 treated by chemotherapy. Differences, smaller at 12 months than at six, suggest that a second but shorter intervention could help maintain the 6-month benefits.

title: Long term improved quality of life by a 2-week group physical and educational intervention shortly after @entity0 chemotherapy completion. Results of the 'Programme of Accompanying XXXX after breast Cancer treatment completion in Thermal resorts' (PACThe) randomised clinical trial of 251 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to analyse the epidemiological data, signs and symptoms, FIGO staging in @entity1 operated for the first time for @entity43 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 ' charts with @entity43 operated at the Department of Gynaecological Surgery of Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute in 1990-1999 was conducted. We analysed the data of @entity1 operated for the first time for this disease. FIGO staging was performed due to operational and histologic findings. RESULTS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, 107 @entity1 were operated for the first time for @entity43 . The mean @entity1 ' age was 54 years (range: 25-82); 31.8% of @entity1 were aged from 41 to 50 years, 24.8% 51-60, 27.1% 61-70%, 7.5% above 70 years, and 9.3% were below 40 years. The main symptoms were: abdominal @entity158 (61.7%), increasing abdominal circumference (35.5%), urination and bowel problems (14.0%), @entity353 (8.4%), dyspeptic problems (7.5%), slightly elevated temperature (4.7%) and abnormal @entity3556 (3.7%). No symptoms were reported by 16.8% of @entity1 (frequency similar in I/II and III/IV stage by FIGO). There were no statistical differences in the incidence of reported symptoms in I/II vs III/IV FIGO stage. FIGO staging was as follows: I--13.1%, II--14.95%, III--59.8%, IV--12.15%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that @entity43 is very rare below the age of 40 and above 70 years. There is a great need to improve screening for @entity43 because the development of the disease is clinically silent or nonspecific and almost 70% of @entity1 with @entity43 is diagnosed in the late stages of illness.

title: [ XXXX . I. Epidemiology, symptoms, FIGO staging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity101 is frequently associated with secondary @entity6118 , two common clinical manifestations of which are @entity1431 and @entity882 . Surgical portosystemic shunts alleviate @entity101 but their effect on @entity6118 remains unpredictable. @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) is a minimally invasive procedure for portal decompression. From current reports it is not clear if @entity5273 improves @entity6118 in @entity1 with @entity101 . We present a retrospective review of our experience with @entity5273 to determine the effect on @entity6118 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 who had a @entity5273 procedure between December 1991 and June 1994 were evaluated retrospectively. The records were specifically reviewed for platelet and white blood cell counts performed before the procedure, within a week after the procedure, and then again within the subsequent 3 weeks. @entity6118 was defined as @entity882 (platelet count of <100,000/mm3), @entity1431 (white blood cell count of <5,000/mm3), or both. RESULTS: @entity882 alone was present in 33 @entity1 and @entity1431 alone in 4 @entity1 before @entity5273 was performed. Both @entity1431 and @entity882 were present in 12 individuals. At least one of these indices of @entity6118 was present in 49 @entity1 . Leukocyte count improved in 11 of 16 @entity1 (69%) whereas platelet count improved in 34 of 45 @entity1 (75%) within a week of the procedure. In the subsequent 3 weeks, @entity1431 was relieved in 5 of 10 @entity1 (50%) and @entity882 in 21 of 28 @entity1 (75%), respectively. Of the 12 @entity1 who had both @entity1431 and @entity882 before @entity5273 , the indices improved in 4 @entity1 (33%) within a week of the procedure. @entity882 was more consistently corrected as opposed to @entity1431 , albeit in the short term. CONCLUSION: The @entity5273 procedure is a promising, minimally invasive method of portal decompression that is effective in the treatment of complications of @entity101 including secondary @entity6118 .

title: Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt', 'TIPS']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism', 'Hypersplenism']

answer: @entity6118 :: (MESH:D006971,Disease) :: ['hypersplenism']


abstract: This study was designed to analyze the electrolytes changes in myocardial cells, and to clarify the effect of @entity3988 , a @entity460 channel blocker on @entity741 during open heart surgery. Thirty @entity1 who underwent open heart surgery using cold @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) cardioplegic solution were divided into following three groups. C group: @entity3988 was not administered. @entity1050 group: cardioplegic solution containing @entity3988 7.5 mg/L was used. DP group: @entity3988 1.5 micrograms/kg/min was given continuously by intravenous administration from the day before operation to the day after operation. Atrial wall biopsies were performed before aortic cross clamp (non-ischemic status), after 60 minutes' @entity63 , and 5 minutes after releasing aortic cross clamp (reperfusion). The specimens were freshly frozen and measured for various electrolytes by means of X-ray microprobe analysis. In C group, @entity972 level decreased during both @entity63 and reperfusion, while @entity460 level increased during @entity63 and significantly increased during reperfusion period. In DC and DP groups, @entity460 accumulation during reperfusion was suppressed, and @entity972 level which had been lowered during @entity63 recovered to the level of non-ischemic status during reperfusion. @entity1372 and @entity3878 showed an increase during @entity63 in each group. However, @entity1372 accumulation in DC and DP groups tended to recover during reperfusion. DP and DC groups were considered to be superior to C group in terms of cardiac index and left ventricular work. This may be due to afterload reduction as evidenced by low systemic vascular resistance. Intracellular electrolytes environment during reperfusion and hemodynamics during early postoperative periods were excellent in DP group. CPK-MB was significantly lower in both @entity1050 and DP groups than in C group. These data suggested that @entity3988 could suppress intracellular @entity460 accumulation and keep homeostasis of @entity1372 - @entity972 pump mechanism in membrane during reperfusion. It is concluded that @entity3988 is useful to protect myocardium from @entity63 during open heart surgery.

title: [The protective effect of @entity3988 , a XXXX channel blocker on @entity741 during open heart surgery--an analysis of electrolyte changes in myocardial cells].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: From September 1986 to August 1987, heavy precipitation of amorphous @entity78 , that is @entity14104 , was found at our outpatient clinic in 153 postprandial urine specimens from 115 @entity1 , in 1.5% of all the specimens examined during this period. One @entity1 was excluded because he had both @entity293 . The remaining 152 specimens with @entity14104 were then divided into 3 groups; Group I from @entity1 with @entity1791 , Group II from @entity1 with @entity293 and Group III from @entity1 without either @entity293 ( @entity14104 Group, Table 1). It is evident from this table that @entity14104 is repeated more frequently in @entity1 with @entity1791 than in @entity1 without @entity1791 (p less than 0.01). 200 urine specimens examined during this period were selected randomly. Three bloody or purulent specimens were excluded. The remaining 197 specimens from 189 @entity1 were divided into 3 groups, as in the @entity14104 group (Control Group, Table 2). When the proportion of the number of specimens to the total is compared between the @entity14104 group and the control group, it is clear that @entity14104 is found more frequently in specimens from @entity1 with @entity1791 than in specimens from @entity1 without @entity1791 (p less than 0.01). Since @entity14104 was almost always found in the specimens with urine pH greater than or equal to 7, 486 @entity1 , in whom the pH of the first urine specimen was equal to or above 7, were selected from among 1434 @entity1 undergoing urinalyses during this period and divided into 3 groups as has been described above (Table 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14104 :: ('MESH:D007015', 'Disease') :: ['Phosphaturia', 'phosphaturia']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urolithiasis or urinary tract infection', 'urolithiasis and urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity14104 :: (MESH:D007015,Disease) :: ['phosphaturia']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with a range of adverse consequences, and the prevalence is increasing in developed nations. Most of the literature on @entity28 and ventilatory function in @entity1 concerns samples selected for gross @entity28 with relatively little detail available from random population samples. This report examines the effect of total body fat as a percentage of weight (TBF%) on ventilatory function in a nationally representative sample of 2,464 Australian school @entity1 aged 9, 12, and 15 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were used as measures of ventilatory function. TBF% was estimated from skinfold thickness measurements. Ventilatory function was adjusted (for height and then for both height and weight) using linear regression on a logarithmic scale. Adjustment was performed within separate strata of age and gender. Analysis of covariance was used for hypothesis testing. Height-adjusted FVC and FEV1 values increased significantly with increasing weight within each age and gender group and for all subjects combined (P < 0.0001). The effect of TBF% independent of lean tissue was examined using FVC and FEV1 values adjusted for both height and weight, because body weight measures both lean and fat mass. Adjusted FVC and FEV1 values decreased significantly with increasing TBF% within each age and gender group and for all subjects combined (P < 0.0001). Ventilatory function decreased with increasing proportions of body fat. This is consistent with previous findings on lean tissue mass and ventilatory function. Although the magnitude of the effect was relatively small in clinical terms, from a public health perspective our findings indicate yet another adverse consequence of childhood @entity28 .

title: Effects of body fat on ventilatory function in @entity1 and adolescents: cross-sectional findings from a random population sample of school XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'Childhood obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Primary @entity2971 of the mediastinum are relatively rare, occurring predominantly in young male adults, and have a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 27-year-old @entity1 who initially experienced a persistent, intractable @entity158 sensation over the right lower scapula despite taking an analgesic agent for 2 months. A scapular x-ray film and a whole-body bone scan showed an expansile @entity690 . Excisional biopsy of the scapula revealed a @entity189 , suggestive of @entity10711 origin. Further examination of the whole abdomen and bilateral testes were negative. Chest computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity5 mass in the anterior mediastinum. Chemotherapy with @entity900 , @entity1732 , and @entity2879 was administered for six courses. The @entity5 mass was markedly reduced in size and remission without evidence of tracer uptake by @entity419 positron emission tomography examination. Six months after chemotherapy, the @entity1 received advanced surgical intervention to remove the @entity5 , the pathologic features of which were similar to the previous scapular lesion. He was doing well at 1-year follow-up.

title: Unusual scapular metastasis as initial manifestation of advanced XXXX of the mediastinum.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity10711 :: (MESH:C537844,Disease) :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']


abstract: The 7th TNM classification clearly states that micrometastases detected by morphological techniques (HE stain and immunohistochemistry) should always be reported and calculated in the staging of the disease (pN1mi or M1), while @entity1 in whom micrometastases are detected by non-morphological techniques (e.g., flow cytometry, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) should still be classified as N0 or M0. In @entity356 @entity1 , micrometastases have been detected in lymph nodes, the peritoneal cavity and bone marrow. However, the clinical implications and/or their prognostic significance are still a matter of debate. Current literature suggests that lymph node micrometastases should be encountered for the loco-regional staging of the disease, while skip lymph node micrometastases should also be encountered in the total number of infiltrated lymph nodes. Peritoneal fluid cytology examination should be obligatorily performed in @entity1803 or pT4 @entity5 . A positive cytology classifies @entity356 @entity1 as stage IV. Although a curative resection is not precluded, these @entity1 face an overall dismal prognosis. Whether @entity1 with a positive cytology should be treated similarly to @entity1 with macroscopic peritoneal recurrence should be evaluated further. @entity356 cells are detected with high incidence in the bone marrow. However, the published results make comparison of data between groups almost impossible due to severe methodological problems. If these methodological problems are overcome in the future, specific target therapies may be designed for specific groups of @entity1 .

title: Lymph node, peritoneal and bone marrow micrometastases XXXX : Their clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['in gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Nearly all @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) relapse or become refractory to front-line therapy. Several salvage therapies have been explored, but the optimal combination regimen has not been defined. We performed a case-matched study comparing @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1582 receiving @entity2816 - @entity619 alone or the combination @entity2816 - @entity619 -liposomal pegylated @entity632 . METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 received @entity2816 (100 mg/d), @entity619 (40 mg p.o. on days 1-4 and 9-12), and pegylated liposomal @entity632 (40 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 28 d) (ThaDD). Their clinical outcome was compared with that of 47 pair mates selected from @entity1 treated at relapse with @entity2816 (100 mg/d) and @entity619 (40 mg p.o. on days 1-4) (Thal-Dex) and matched for age, @entity2262 and previous therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall response rate was significantly higher in ThaDD group (92% vs. 63.5%; P < 0.0001) as partial response rate (> or =PR) (75.5% vs. 59.5%; P = 0.077), very good partial response rate (> or =VGPR) (36% vs. 15%; P = 0.018) and near complete remission rate (> or = @entity14078 ) (30% vs. 10.5%; P = 0.002). @entity1503 was similar in the two groups of @entity1 whereas @entity1503 and @entity281 were significantly higher in ThaDD @entity1 . Median progression-free survival, event-free survival, and overall survival were significantly longer in @entity1 receiving ThaDD than in those treated with Thal-Dex. ThaDD regimen significantly improved response rate and overall survival in comparison with Thal-Dex. Although the frequency of @entity1503 and @entity281 resulted higher in ThaDD group compared with control group, they were not particularly frequent after adequate prophylaxis was added and were easily managed when occurred.

title: @entity2816 - @entity619 plus pegylated liposomal @entity632 vs. @entity2816 - @entity619 : a case-matched study in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicity', 'hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Little is known about the long-term efficacy of infliximab for @entity1 with fistulizing perianal @entity30 . We evaluated outcomes and predictors of outcomes in these @entity1 . METHODS: The medical records of 156 @entity1 treated with infliximab for fistulizing perianal @entity30 at 2 referral centers from 1999 through 2010 were reviewed through September 2011. Cumulative probabilities of @entity292 closure and recurrence were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of outcomes were identified by using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: When infliximab treatment began, only 17.9% of @entity1 had a simple @entity292 ; seton drainage was performed for 97 @entity1 (62%). Concomitant immunosuppressants were given to 90 @entity1 (56%). After a median follow-up period of 250 weeks, 108 @entity1 (69%) had at least 1 @entity292 closure. Cumulative probabilities of first @entity292 closure were 40% and 65% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Factors that predicted @entity292 closure were @entity66 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.88), concomitant immunosuppressants (HR = 2.58), duration of seton drainage <34 weeks (HR = 2.31), and long duration of infliximab treatment (HR = 1.76). Of the 108 @entity1 with @entity292 closure, cumulative probabilities of first @entity292 recurrence were 16.6% and 40.1% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Forty-four @entity1 (28.9%) developed an abscess during follow-up. A number of infliximab infusions greater than 19 was associated with less @entity733 (HR = 0.33). At the maximal follow-up time, 55% of @entity1 had @entity292 closure. CONCLUSIONS: About two-thirds of @entity1 with fistulizing perianal @entity30 had @entity292 closure, and one-third had @entity292 recurrence after infliximab initiation. Combination therapy, duration of seton drainage less than 34 weeks, and long-term treatment with infliximab were associated with better outcomes.

title: Long-term outcome of perianal fistulizing XXXX treated with infliximab.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolonic disease']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess recurrence']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined recombinant @entity1 @entity18107 (rhBNP) therapy and bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on cell survival in myocardial tissues and on heart function in a @entity35 model of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity35 BMSCs were isolated, amplified and adherent cultured in vitro. A @entity35 model of @entity712 was established via the intraperitoneal injection of @entity632 ( @entity632 ). The @entity35 were randomly divided into normal, @entity712 , BMSC, rhBNP and BMSC plus rhBNP groups. The BMSCs were administered once via tail vein injection and rhBNP was infused via the jugular vein. Echocardiography and polygraphy were used to evaluate heart function. An enzyme  -linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the changes in @entity18107 ( @entity18107 ) concentration prior to and following intervention. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the myocardium  -specific proteins @entity28430 ( @entity28430 ), @entity10277 ( @entity10277 ) and @entity35412 ( @entity35412 ). The results of cardiac echocardiography and the hemodynamic data show that various indicators of left ventricular systolic function in the BMSC plus rhBNP group were significantly improved compared with those in the other groups (P<0.05). No significant differences in the improvement of cardiac function were observed between the BMSC and rhBNP groups (P>0.05). Following treatment, a significant difference in @entity18107 levels was observed between the BMSC plus rhBNP and the BMSC groups (P<0.05). The @entity28430 , @entity10277 and @entity35412 expression levels in the BMSC plus rhBNP group were higher than those in the BMSC group. Compared with rhBNP treatment, BMSC transplantation alone does not significantly improve heart function. However, combining rhBNP therapy and BMSC transplantation increases the expression levels of @entity28430 and other proteins to improve cardiac systolic and diastolic function.

title: Recombinant @entity1 @entity18107 therapy combined with bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treating @entity712 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have developed a protocol for the generation of genome-wide maps (meiomaps) of recombination and chromosome segregation for the three products of @entity1 female meiosis: the first and second polar bodies ( @entity16166 and @entity10781 ) and the corresponding oocyte. @entity16166 is biopsied and the oocyte is artificially activated by exposure to @entity460 ionophore, after which @entity10781 is biopsied and collected with the corresponding oocyte. The whole genomes of the polar bodies and oocytes are amplified by multiple displacement amplification and, together with maternal genomic DNA, genotyped for    300,000 single- @entity4334 polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide by microarray. Informative maternal heterozygous SNPs are phased using a haploid @entity10781 or oocyte as a reference. A simple algorithm is then used to identify the maternal haplotypes for each chromosome, in all of the products of meiosis for each oocyte. This allows mapping of crossovers and analysis of chromosome segregation patterns. The protocol takes a minimum of 3-5 d and requires a clinical embryologist with micromanipulation experience and a molecular biologist with basic bioinformatic skills. It has several advantages over previous methods; importantly, the use of artificial oocyte activation avoids the creation of embryos for research purposes. In addition, compared with next-generation sequencing, targeted SNP genotyping is cost-effective and it simplifies the bioinformatic analysis, as only one haploid reference sample is required to establish phase for maternal haplotyping. Finally, meiomapping is more informative than copy-number analysis alone for analysis of chromosome segregation patterns. Using this protocol, we have provided new insights that may lead to improvements in assisted reproduction for the treatment of @entity249 .

title: Generation of meiomaps of genome-wide recombination and chromosome segregation in XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity42226 (NCTD) is currently used for anticancer therapy but the exact mechanism of action remains unknown. Pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) are essential for cell DNA replication and highly related to malignant proliferation. Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of NCTD on pre-RC components in HepG2 cells. We showed that NCTD induced degradation of @entity22733 and @entity9965 in a dose-dependent manner. Under 100  M NCTD concentration, about 70% of @entity22733 and 50% of @entity9965 were degraded. In addition, the nuclear translocation of @entity33096 was inhibited by NCTD. Further studies aiming at G1 synchronous cells showed that, NCTD reduced the chromatin-bound @entity22733 , @entity9965 and @entity33096 . Moreover, the cells were blocked from entering the S phase and accumulated at the G1 phase when released synchronously into the cell cycle. Consistently, the DNA replication was inhibited by NCTD. Finally, the combination NCTD with @entity22733 depletion lead to more severe @entity137 (88%) than NCTD (52%) and @entity22733 depletion (39%) alone. A synergic @entity137 was observed between @entity22733 depletion and NCTD. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that NCTD inhibits pre-RC assembly; subsequently blocks the G1 to S transition; and inhibits DNA replication in HepG2 cells. Pre-RCs are an intriguing target for @entity5 therapy, which merits further investigations for anticancer development.

title: XXXX inhibits pre-replicative complexes assembly of HepG2 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity42226 :: ('MESH:C069741', 'Chemical') :: ['Norcantharidin']

answer: @entity42226 :: (MESH:C069741,Chemical) :: ['Norcantharidin']


abstract: We report an autopsied case of @entity191 manifesting @entity11460 . At the age of 63 years, the @entity1 noticed an onset of progressive @entity1296 , which was followed by @entity1142 , @entity3833 , and @entity323 . When he was 66 years old, @entity1163 for a few minutes, @entity400 in the bilateral hands, and @entity2414 developed. On admission, his blood pressure was 142/72 mmHg in supine position, which fell to 58/42 mmHg on standing with appropriate increase of heart rate. Neurological examination revealed @entity1833 , @entity2414 , masked face, @entity2003 , @entity2845 , mild postural @entity400 , and @entity5433 including severe @entity551 , hypohydrosis, @entity1142 , @entity3833 , and @entity323 . Electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Brain CT demonstrated absence of severe @entity194 of the cerebellum, and brain stem. Pharmacological study revealed denervation @entity56 to the intravenously administrated @entity1063 . A diagnosis of @entity11460 was made, and he was treated with anti @entity191 drugs. However, no improvement was observed in his clinical symptoms. Seven months later, he died of @entity55 . Neuropathological examination revealed marked neuronal cell loss and @entity5219 in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Lewy bodies were seen in those pigmented nuclei, dorsal vagal nucleus, hypothalamus and nucleus basalis of Meynert. No abnormality was found in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord. This is the first report on a Japanese @entity1 who presented clinically @entity11460 and pathologically typical @entity191 . In this @entity1 , from the pharmacological and pathological findings, sympathetic ganglia were supposed to be the responsible lesion for @entity551 .

title: [An autopsied case of XXXX manifesting @entity11460 ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['sexual impotence']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscular rigidity']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal attack']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucination']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic dizziness']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to explore the role of @entity1063 on the social behaviour of healthy volunteers when they were interacting with a familiar @entity1 , their flatmate. Interaction with the flatmate was explored in a cooperative game situation. METHODS: Ten pairs of same-sex healthy volunteer flatmates aged 18-25 years were recruited for the experiment. All volunteers gave written informed consent and the study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of @entity18891 versus placebo was conducted. In each of the 10 pairs of volunteers, one (subject) volunteered to take the tablets and the other (flatmate) received no treatment. @entity18891 (4 mg/bd) and placebo were administered orally as identical capsules for 2 weeks. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either @entity18891 or placebo first and there was a two-week washout period following the first treatment. At baseline and the end of each treatment, they filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Social Adapation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS), and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Then, they were instructed to play the Tangrams game. This task elicits face-valid social behaviours such as cooperation, giving commands and unilateral grasps. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance showed that there was a statistical trend for @entity18891 treatment to increase commands (p=0.055). CONCLUSION: This study presents preliminary evidence that two weeks' enhancement of @entity1063 transmission induced by @entity18891 makes healthy volunteers more self-confident and assertive.

title: XXXX might enhance assertive @entity1 social behaviours: an investigation in a flatmate relationship.

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine', 'Reboxetine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Noradrenaline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and histological findings in @entity1 with @entity2357 and the response to @entity251 treatment on penis length. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the absence (group A, n = 29) or the presence (group B, n = 26) of palpable intrascrotal or inguinal mass at first clinical examination. RESULTS: A @entity18272 was found in 46% of @entity1 (n = 24) with a similar proportion in both groups. @entity251 treatment induced a mean penis length gain of 1.9 +/- 1.3 @entity214 (standard deviation score). However, @entity18272 persisted in six @entity1 . Histological examination (n = 18) confirmed the absence of any testicular structure with deferent ducts being present unilaterally or bilaterally in all but three @entity1 . In these three @entity1 , a @entity548 testis, probably as a result of a mechanical torsion, was found. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity18272 in almost half of @entity1 with @entity2357 strongly suggests that the @entity16 frequently occurs during the second half of gestation after male sexual differentiation. In most cases, @entity251 treatment stimulates the penile growth. Although the pathogenesis of @entity2357 may be heterogeneous, our study suggests that gonads may have been functionally abnormal before they disappeared, and suggests that some @entity1 have an @entity4903 .

title: @entity2357 in infancy: occurence of XXXX and the effect of @entity251 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral anorchia']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic endocrine disorder']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['isolated micropenis', 'micropenis']

answer: @entity18272 :: (MESH:C536649,Disease) :: ['micropenis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity282 management remains a challenge for clinicians due to unpredictable @entity1 responses to opioid therapy. Some of this variability may result from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity1 opioid mu-1 receptor ( @entity6253 ) that modify receptor binding or signal transduction. The @entity6253 variant with the highest frequency is the @entity17014 SNP. However, previous studies have produced inconsistent results regarding the clinical effects of @entity17014 on opioid response. We hypothesized that measurement of serum opioid concentrations, in addition to determining total opioid consumption, may provide a more precise method of assessing the effects of @entity17014 on analgesic response. The current study evaluated the relationship of @entity1337 , side effects, total @entity1287 consumption, quantitative serum @entity1287 and @entity10748 concentrations, and @entity17014 SNP in postoperative @entity1 following Cesarean section. METHODS: 158 @entity1 scheduled for Cesarean section were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity1 had bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for surgery and received intrathcal morphine with the spinal anesthetic or parenteral @entity1286 for the first 24 hours after surgery. Thereafter, @entity1 received @entity1287 / @entity1443 for @entity282 control. On postoperative day 3, venous blood samples were obtained for @entity6253 @entity17014 genotyping and serum opioid concentrations. RESULTS: 131 (82.9%) of the subjects were homozygous for the 118A allele of @entity6253 (AA) and 27 (17.1%) carried the G allele (AG/GG). By regression analysis, @entity158 relief was significantly associated with total @entity1287 dose in the AA group (P = 0.01), but not in the AG/GG group (P = 0.554). In contrast, there was no association between @entity158 relief and serum @entity1287 concentration in either group. However, @entity158 relief was significantly associated with serum @entity10748 concentration (a metabolite of @entity1287 ) in the AA group (P = 0.004), but not in the AG/GG group (P = 0.724). Conversely, side effects were significantly higher (P < 0.04) in the AG/GG group (mean = 6.4) than in the AA group (mean = 4.4), regardless of adjustment for BMI, @entity158 level, or total dose of @entity1287 . CONCLUSION: This study found a correlation between @entity158 relief and total @entity1287 dose in @entity1 homozygous for the 118A allele (AA) of the @entity6253 gene, but not in @entity1 with the 118G allele (AG/GG). However, @entity158 relief in 118A @entity1 did not correlate with serum @entity1287 concentrations, but rather with serum @entity10748 levels, the active metabolite of @entity1287 . This suggests that @entity158 relief with @entity1287 may be due primarily to @entity10748 . Although @entity158 relief did not correlate with opioid dose in AG/GG @entity1 , they had a higher incidence of opioid side effects. The correlations identified in this study may reflect the fact that serum opioid concentrations were measured directly, avoiding the inherent imprecision associated with relying solely on total opioid consumption as a determinant of opioid effectiveness. Thus, measurement of serum opioid concentrations is recommended when assessing the role of @entity6253 variants in @entity158 relief. This study supports pharmacogenetic analysis of @entity6253 in conjunction with serum opioid concentrations when evaluating @entity1 responses to opioid therapy.

title: The role of @entity10748 and @entity6253 in XXXX relief with @entity1287 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: In order to analyze complications and the factors responsible for the development of serial imaging changes after stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity7026 , we reviewed serial post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans in 72 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 23 months (range 12 to 35 months). Twenty @entity1 developed post-radiosurgical imaging changes consisting of new regions of increased T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging in brain surrounding the @entity2758 (two year actuarial incidence of 31%). Imaging changes were associated with @entity10 or new @entity51 in nine of these 20 (45%) and remained asymptomatic in 11 (55%). Symptoms developed in three of 13 @entity1 with imaging changes in the cerebral cortex or cerebellum, in contrast to six of seven @entity1 who had symptoms with imaging changes in the brainstem (p = .028). The onset of imaging changes varied from five to 18 months after radiosurgery (median, 12 months). Serial follow-up scans four to 25 months after the onset of imaging changes were available for review in 16 @entity1 . Post-radiosurgical imaging changes completely resolved within 4 to 19 months in ten @entity1 and have not yet completely resolved after 6 to 25 months in six @entity1 . The projected actuarial rate for resolution of imaging changes was 88%, 19 months after onset; the median time for resolution was 14 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the development of imaging changes was significantly associated with treatment volume (p = .025), the risk predicted from the integrated logistic formula (p = .042), and the number of isocenters treated (p = .042). In multivariate analysis, volume was the only factor significantly associated with the development of imaging changes.

title: Radiosurgery and brain tolerance: an analysis of neurodiagnostic imaging changes after gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: @entity5735 is a 110-kDa multifunctional molecule having @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) enzyme activity and is present on the surface of @entity1 T cells. Soluble @entity5735 (sCD26) exists in @entity1 blood and enhances the proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes induced by @entity116 toxoid (TT). The mechanisms by which @entity5735 enhances the activation of T cells and monocytes remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we compared the stimulation of @entity1357 cells and isolated @entity1 monocytes with a combination of recombinant sCD26 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the stimulation of these cells with LPS alone. We found that addition of sCD26 increased @entity310 and @entity650 mRNA and protein expression and enhanced @entity1366 levels in the cytosol as well as c- @entity1639 , @entity2451 , NF-kB p65, and @entity8085 levels in the nuclei of these cells. On the other hand, the selective @entity5735 inhibitor @entity12350 inhibited the increase in @entity310 mRNA and protein expression as well as the increase in @entity3963 , @entity1639 , @entity2451 , NF-kB p65, and @entity8085 levels. However, it did not inhibit the increase in @entity650 mRNA and protein expression. We then demonstrated that sCD26 enhanced binding of transcription factors to the @entity41456 promoters and used reporter assays to demonstrate that transcription factor binding enhanced promoter activity. Once again, we observed differential activities at the @entity41456 promoters. Finally, we demonstrated that @entity8085 overexpression enhanced TNF- production on sCD26/LPS stimulation, while @entity8085 depletion had no effect. Neither @entity8085 overexpression nor @entity8085 depletion had an effect on @entity650 stimulation. These results are discussed in the context of a model that describes the mechanisms by which stimulation of monocytic cells by sCD26 and LPS leads to elevation of @entity41456 expression. @entity8085 is identified as a new transcription factor that differently regulates the activities of the @entity41456 promoters.

title: Soluble @entity5735 / @entity5735 Enhances the Transcription of @entity650 and XXXX in @entity1357 Cells and Monocytes.

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase IV', 'DPPIV', 'CD26']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a phase III trial comparing intravenous (IV) @entity29601 ( @entity29601 ) and @entity3600 (BCNU) as single agents in @entity1 with cerebral @entity11 who had received surgery and radiotherapy. Its purpose was to compare the efficacy of AZQ with that of BCNU, the standard agent for @entity1313 chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Randomization between the two regimens occurred 8 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. A total of 251 @entity1 were randomized to receive either AZQ or BCNU, and there were no significant differences between the two treatment arms in any of the known prognostic variables, including age, histologic grade, and Karnofsky performance status (KPS). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in either time to @entity5 progression or survival between the two treatment arms. Age and histology were strong predictors of outcome, whereas KPS had relatively less effect. Three groups of @entity1 with distinctly different outcomes could be identified: (1) older age (45+) and @entity463 / @entity3038 (GBM/ @entity1412 ) @entity1 had a median survival of 37 weeks after randomization; (2) @entity1 with either older age or GBM/ @entity1412 had a median survival of 61 weeks; and (3) younger age (< 45) and non-GBM/ @entity1412 (usually anaplastic @entity816 ) @entity1 had a median survival of 147 weeks. @entity137 was primarily hematologic, although @entity344 and chronic @entity358 were more common with BCNU. @entity1 randomized to AZQ who had significant hematologic @entity137 that required dose reduction after the first treatment cycle had significantly longer time to @entity5 progression and survival than those who did not require dose reduction (P = .011 and .016, respectively). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in efficacy between AZQ and BCNU in @entity1 with @entity11 as tested in this study, although AZQ was somewhat better tolerated.

title: Randomized comparison of XXXX and @entity3600 in the treatment of adults with @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity29601 :: ('MESH:C029108', 'Chemical') :: ['diaziquone', 'AZQ']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity29601 :: (MESH:C029108,Chemical) :: ['diaziquone']


abstract: The essential feature of @entity5 therapy rests upon host- @entity5 interaction. To achieve therapeutic effects, a prerequisite to immunotherapy is the @entity5 cells in the host's body. Such measures should not be immunosuppressive. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is not appropriate in this regard. Supraradical surgery and non-specific radiotherapy are not desirable for preservation of nervous function, if their immunosuppression is not as severe as cytotoxic substances. @entity9725 -neutron capture therapy is a highly specific and least immunosuppressive means of reducing @entity5 cells of the central nervous system. A brief introductory review of basic research is presented. The interim clinical results are: (i) Treatment of recurrent @entity463 : Survival extension obtained by neutron capture therapy is 21.9 +/- 7.2 mos in contrast to that obtained by conventional treatments of 6.7 +/- 0.6 mos (p less than 0.001), (Total survival 26.3 +/- 6.7 mos); and (ii) only three @entity1 including two @entity463 cases were treated with neutron by the same surgeon who, by performing the first @entity5 operation, had the advantage in topographic knowledge for determining the radiation field. They survived 4, 5, and 6 years in almost fully active conditions. The new Musashi Institute of Technology Reactor Thermal Neutron Therapy Facility and the increased domestic production of @entity9725 -10 isotope have enlarged the therapeutic capacity to two dozen @entity1 a year.

title: XXXX -neutron capture therapy in relation to immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['Boron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic @entity932 was a significant cause of periprocedural @entity64 or @entity204 following stenting in the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity64 in Intracranial Stenosis trial, which called into question the safety of Wingspan stenting for @entity4522 . This study analyzed the role of a learning curve in the safety and outcome of Wingspan stenting from the experience of 95 consecutive @entity1 at a single center. METHODS: In this prospective study the endpoints were @entity64 or @entity204 (modified Rankin Scale score >3) within 30 days, other @entity16 , technical procedural problems, technical success in completion of angioplasty and stenting and recurrent @entity385 in the corresponding vascular territory after 30 days. Data splitting into quarters was used for learning curve analysis. RESULTS: The periprocedural @entity64 or @entity204 rate was 4.2% (4/95), minor @entity64 rate was 5.3% (5/95), total 9.5% (9/95). The technical procedural problem rate was 11.6% (11/95) and the technical success rate was 93.7% (89/95). The 89 @entity1 were followed for 38.9  22.7 months (median 40.8, range 0.2-72, 3463 @entity1 -months) after stenting. The risk of recurrent @entity385 in the corresponding vascular territory was 0.7% per @entity1 per year (2/3463 @entity1 -months). Guidewire- or angioplasty-related @entity548 was the major cause of periprocedural @entity64 or @entity204 (3/4, 75%) and did not occur in the last quarter. Periprocedural @entity1779 was uncommon and @entity64 did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: There may be a learning curve for mastering the safety precautions of Wingspan stenting for @entity4522 .

title: Learning curve of Wingspan stenting for XXXX : single-center experience of 95 consecutive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['perforator stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'major stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']


abstract: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous Gr1(+) @entity3804 (+) population of immature cells containing granulocytic and monocytic progenitors, which expand under nearly all inflammatory conditions and are potent repressors of T-cell responses. Studies of MDSCs during inflammatory responses, including @entity295 , suggest they can protect or injure. Here, we investigated MDSCs during early and late @entity295 . To do this, we used our published @entity19 model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced @entity325 , which transitions from an early proinflammatory phase to a late anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive phase. We confirmed that Gr1(+) @entity3804 (+) MDSCs gradually increase after CLP, reaching    88% of the bone marrow myeloid series in late @entity295 . Adoptive transfer of early (day 3) MDSCs from septic @entity19 into naive @entity19 after CLP increased proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased peritoneal bacterial growth, and increased early mortality. Conversely, transfer of late (day 12) MDSCs from septic @entity19 had the opposite effects. Early and late MDSCs studied ex vivo also differed in their inflammatory phenotypes. Early MDSCs expressed @entity842 and proinflammatory cytokines, whereas late MDSCs expressed arginase activity and anti-inflammatory @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) and @entity641 ( @entity641 ). Late MDSCs had more immature @entity5231 (+) myeloid progenitors and, when treated ex vivo with @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ), generated fewer macrophages and dendritic cells than early MDSCs. We conclude that as the @entity295 inflammatory process progresses, the heterogeneous MDSCs shift to a more immature state and from being proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory.

title: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells evolve during XXXX and can enhance or attenuate the systemic inflammatory response.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor b']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The mortality and @entity16 in @entity6167 have been attributed to the host's inflammatory responses to heat stress, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy may improve outcome. We tested the hypothesis that a high dose of @entity619 protects @entity6599 against the lethal effects of @entity6167 . Ten anesthetized @entity6599 ( @entity6599 ) were assigned randomly to @entity619 (n = 5) or control group (n = 5). @entity619 (2 mg/kg i.v.) was administered in four divided doses every 6 h starting immediately before heat stress and continuing during cooling. All animals were heat-stressed in a prewarmed neonatal incubator at 44 degrees C to 47 degrees C until systolic blood pressure fell less than 90 mmHg and then cooled passively at the ambient temperature. Mortality and @entity16 were noted, and biochemical markers of @entity3145 were determined. Circulating interleukin (IL) 6 and complement components (C3 and C4) were measured sequentially. All heat-stressed animals had systemic @entity32 indicated by increased plasma IL-6 and decreased C3 and C4 levels. @entity619 attenuated the complement system activation and maintained a higher plasma concentration of IL-6, with a significant @entity551 . @entity619 did not prevent the occurrence of severe @entity6167 but unexpectedly aggravated significantly the tissue @entity66 . Two animals (40%) in the control group and one in the @entity134 group survived (P > 0.05). @entity619 failed to protect the @entity6599 from the lethal effects of @entity6167 . These results do not support clinical testing of @entity288 as beneficial in preventive or therapeutic strategies for the treatment of @entity6167 in @entity1 .

title: Glucocorticoids do not protect against the lethal effects of experimental @entity6167 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury and multiorgan system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue injury/organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heatstroke']

entities_list: @entity6599 :: ('9557', 'Species') :: ['baboons', 'Papio hamadryas']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['augmentation of arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of @entity9498 on chronic @entity63 related @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were divided into control, arterial endothelial injury and arterial endothelial injury with @entity9498 treatment groups. The @entity1317 and @entity1317 - @entity9498 groups underwent endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% @entity165 diet after injury. @entity1317 - @entity9498 @entity35 received @entity9498 (2 mg/kg per day) orally for 8 weeks after injury. The control group received a regular diet. At 8 weeks urodynamic investigation was performed. Bladder tissue was harvested for pharmacological studies, and histological examination of the iliac arteries and bladders was performed. RESULTS: Iliac arteries from @entity1317 and @entity1317 - @entity9498 @entity35 showed neointimal formation and luminal occlusion. In the @entity1317 group the micturition interval was significantly shorter (mean    SEM 5.4    0.5 vs 11.1    1.1 minutes), and bladder capacity and voided volume were less than in controls. Contractile responses of bladder strips to @entity4338 , electrical field stimulation and @entity5402 were significantly less after @entity1317 than in controls. The @entity1317 group showed a significantly increased percent of collagen compared with controls (mean 37.4%    1.8% vs 21.5%    1.8%). In the @entity1317 - @entity9498 group intimal formation and luminal occlusion were not prevented. However, there were significant improvements in all functional and morphological parameters compared with the @entity1317 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 may lead to chronic @entity1494 and @entity1494 . Chronic treatment with @entity9498 protects bladder function and morphology, resulting in @entity1494 . If valid for @entity1 , the data support phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition as treatment for chronic @entity63 related @entity1494 .

title: Prophylactic effect of XXXX on bladder function in a @entity35 model of chronic @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['decreased bladder hyperactivity', 'bladder hyperactivity', 'bladder dysfunction', 'bladder ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'Arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley   rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['tadalafil']


abstract: From 1983-88, 97 @entity0 in 94 @entity1 were treated with breast-conserving surgery at Haukeland University Hospital. 71 per cent of the @entity5 were less than 2 cm in diameter and 94 per cent less than 3 cm. 65 had negative axillary nodal status. 90 @entity1 had @entity513 , three of whom also had extensive @entity3821 . Pathological findings in the resection margins ( @entity189 , @entity3821 or @entity2543 ) were reasons for reoperation in 14 @entity1 , eight of them by mastectomy. Thus, after completion of initial treatment the breast was preserved in 89 @entity1 . Postoperative irradiation to the breast was given as a routine. Three elderly @entity1 were excepted. Two @entity1 developed ipsilateral breast recurrences after six and 24 months respectively. The first was treated by re-resection and the second by mastectomy. Neither of these showed evidence of distant @entity3 . Distant @entity3 were discovered in five @entity1 , two of these have since died.

title: [Breast-preserving surgery in XXXX . Experiences from Haukeland Hospital 1983-1988].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['atypical epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cardiac involvement is a serious @entity12040 . Surgical treatment of aortic root and coronary artery lesions due to @entity12040 has many potential difficulties due to its inflammatory nature. We operated on 15 @entity1 with cardiac involvement stemming from @entity12040 . These @entity1 are classified into 3 groups depending on the clinical diagnosis and surgical procedures employed: coronary artery involvement alone--coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), three @entity1 (group A), @entity337 with intact coronary artery--Aortic valve replacement or modified @entity7441 , eight @entity1 (group B), and @entity337 with coronary artery involvement g aortic valve replacement or modified @entity7441 with CABG, (4 @entity1 ) (group C). CABG was performed using saphenous vein graft. For aortic valve replacement or replacement of both the aortic valve and ascending aorta, a prosthetic valve or composite graft with Teflon felt flange was fabricated during surgery and treated with fibrin glue before insertion. A double fixation method with reinforcement by a Teflon felt strip was employed for proximal @entity254 of the flanged prosthesis. A button-shaped coronary ostium was directly anastomosed to the composite graft. There was no operative or hospital mortality. One @entity1 died of @entity867 at 6 months after surgery and another @entity1 with CABG required a second operation due to graft failure. @entity134 therapy is recommended in cases diagnosed as being in an active stage until the inflammatory signs disappear.

title: Surgical treatment of cardiac involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis', 'disorder in Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ["Bentall's operation"]

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: @entity201 ( @entity201 ) is the second most common type of primary @entity96 . However, its @entity5 heterogeneity and molecular characteristics are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of 23 @entity201 and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma @entity5 specimens from Asian @entity1 using Affymetrix messenger RNA (mRNA) and NanoString microRNA microarrays to search for unique gene signatures linked to @entity5 subtypes and @entity1 prognosis. We validated the signatures in an additional 68 @entity201 cases derived from Caucasian @entity1 . We found that both mRNA and microRNA expression profiles could independently classify Asian @entity201 cases into two main subgroups, one of which shared gene expression signatures with previously identified @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with stem cell gene expression traits. @entity201 -specific gene signatures could predict survival in Asian @entity157 cases and independently in Caucasian @entity201 cases. Integrative analyses of the @entity201 -specific mRNA and microRNA expression profiles revealed that a common signaling pathway linking @entity18076 signaling to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was preferentially activated in @entity201 with stem cell gene expression traits. Inactivation of @entity18076 resulted in an induction of EMT, whereas activation of @entity18076 led to a reduction of EMT including a reduced cell migration and invasion in @entity201 cells. We also found that @entity18076 and @entity2940 ( @entity2940 ) expression were negatively correlated and their expression levels were predictive of survival in @entity201 samples. @entity2940 , a known hepatic stem/progenitor cell marker, was experimentally demonstrated to be a direct target of @entity18076 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity201 and @entity157 share common stem-like molecular characteristics and poor prognosis. We suggest that the specific components of EMT may be exploited as critical biomarkers and clinically relevant therapeutic targets for an aggressive form of stem cell-like @entity201 .

title: Transcriptomic profiling reveals hepatic stem-like gene signatures and interplay of XXXX and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity2940 :: ('4684', 'Gene') :: ['NCAM1', 'neural cell adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'Intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity18076 :: (406985,Gene) :: ['miR-200c']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite recent advances in cardiovascular surgery, @entity3638 after heart valve surgery occurs often and the mechanism is not well clarified. We evaluated the incidence and nature of postoperative @entity3638 in heart valve surgery @entity1 to analyze its risk factors and to identify its clinical significance for associated morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We investigated 334 consecutive @entity1 who underwent heart valve surgery. @entity86 was defined as total serum @entity648 concentration greater than 3 mg/dl at any postoperative measurement point. RESULTS: @entity86 developed in 63 @entity1 (19.0%) and was associated with greater in-hospital mortality (15.9 vs. 1.5%, p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed @entity712 history, @entity1455 , @entity884 , preoperative @entity409 , longer cardiopulmonary bypass time and transfusion as significantly related to postoperative @entity3638 . In multivariate analysis, preoperative @entity409 [ @entity36815 , p < 0.05] and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR 1.007, p < 0.01) were independent predictors. In postoperative @entity3638 @entity1 , preoperative New York Heart Association status and history of @entity712 were associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 remains common in @entity1 undergoing heart valve surgery and is associated with a high rate of in-hospital mortality. For @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity409 , meticulous operative management is required to reduce cardiopulmonary bypass time and transfusion.

title: Frequency, risk factors and prognosis of postoperative XXXX after heart valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: Two regimens of @entity1487 and @entity4181 in the treatment of metastatic @entity14 were retrospectively analyzed. 33 @entity1 received the @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) schedule ( @entity1487 370 mg/m2 and @entity4181 200 mg/m2 i.v. on D1-5, every 4 weeks), 61 @entity1 received the low dose (LD) schedule ( @entity1487 400 mg/m2 and @entity4181 20 mg/m2 i.v. on D1-5, every 4 weeks). One @entity1 in each group achieved a complete response, the overall response rate was 28% and 11% for the @entity2101 and LD groups, respectively. The median response duration was 183 days for the @entity2101 and 112 days for the LD group. The median survival duration was 387 days for the @entity2101 and 405 days for the LD group. The response rate and duration of response were higher in the @entity2101 group though this did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in overall survival between the two @entity1 groups. @entity1398 and gastro-intestinal symptoms were the most common @entity137 , they were equal in both groups. One @entity1 (3%) in the @entity2101 and 5 @entity1 (9%) in LD group discontinued treatment due to @entity137 . There were no treatment related @entity204 . It is concluded that low dose @entity4181 in combination with @entity1487 is effective and produces similar @entity137 as @entity2101 @entity4181 . It is concluded that low dose @entity4181 in combination with @entity1487 is an effective alternative to @entity2101 regimen in the palliative management of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . However though it did not reach statistical significance the @entity2101 regimen was associated with a higher response rate. This could have a significant effect when the combination is used in the adjuvant treatment of high risk @entity1 .

title: Retrospective comparative analysis of @entity1487 + low-dose @entity4181 vs. XXXX + high-dose @entity4181 in the treatment of metastatic @entity14 . The Ottawa experience.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid', 'Folinic Acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5FU']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies of the association between @entity101 and @entity4697 were uncontrolled or involved small numbers of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared the prevalence of @entity4697 and @entity4697 attacks in 351 @entity1 with documented @entity101 who were randomly selected from all @entity101 @entity1 registered in one primary care practice with age- and gender-matched normotensive @entity1 from the same practice and with @entity101 @entity1 attending a hospital clinic. All three groups completed questionnaires for @entity4697 based on standard criteria, as well as the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of current (previous 6 months) @entity4697 attacks was significantly greater in primary care @entity1 with @entity101 (17%, P <0.05) and hospital-based @entity101 @entity1 (19%, P <0.01) than in normotensive @entity1 (11%). Similar results were seen for lifetime @entity4697 attacks (35% versus 39% versus 22%; both P for comparisons with normotensive @entity1 <0.001). The prevalence of @entity4697 was significantly greater in primary care @entity1 with @entity101 (13%) than normotensive @entity1 (8%, P <0.05). @entity148 scores were significantly higher in both @entity101 groups than in normotensive @entity1 . @entity308 scores were significantly higher in hospital-based @entity101 @entity1 than in the other two groups. The reported diagnosis of @entity101 antedated the onset of @entity4697 attacks in a large majority of @entity1 (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians caring for @entity1 with @entity101 should be aware of the significantly greater prevalence of @entity4697 attacks in these @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity4697 and @entity4697 attacks with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) of the head and neck is a relatively uncommon disease. Over the last 3 decades, a variety of systems, including the Rappaport, Luke-Collins, and Working Formulation classifications, have been used to classify extranodal NHLs of the head and neck. Most studies have included a relatively small number of @entity1 , used different modalities of therapy, and did not include all head and neck sites. These limitations make comparisons between different studies and drawing any conclusions difficult. OBJECTIVES: To describe in a uniform fashion a relatively large number of @entity1 with extranodal @entity1893 of the head and neck treated at the same institution, using only the most current classification system and to describe the clinical features, behavior, and outcome of this relatively uncommon, but potentially curable disease. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 98 @entity1 with extranodal @entity1893 of the head and neck. All @entity1 were reclassified according to the Working Formulation system (regardless of the time of diagnosis) in order to uniformly define the clinical course of this disease in the head and neck. SETTING: A tertiary care referral center. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The sinonasal tract was the most commonly involved site (25%). If the nasopharynx (16%), tonsil (12%), and base of tongue (8%) are grouped together, this combined site ( @entity3521 ) becomes the most common site of disease (36%). @entity1 with @entity706 had a 20% incidence of associated @entity344 . Approximately 50% of the @entity1 had associated @entity66 , and only 20% had systemic or B symptoms. Three fourths of the @entity1 had stage I or II disease, and approximately two thirds had intermediate-grade @entity706 . Radiation therapy was the primary modality of therapy for localized disease (stages I and II), especially for @entity1893 . Combination chemotherapy with or without radiation was used for more advanced disease and for intermediate- and high-grade @entity706 . Surgery was limited to establishing the diagnosis. Two thirds of the @entity1 had a remission after initial therapy. Two thirds of these @entity1 had no further relapse. Three fourths of the @entity1 with relapse after initial remission died of their disease. The overall and disease-free survival rates for all @entity1 were 60% and 50%, respectively. Outcome of therapy was related to stage and histologic grade. @entity1 with @entity706 of high histopathologic grade and recurrent and recurrent and disseminated disease had the poorest prognosis.

title: XXXX of the head and neck. A 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar lymphoma', 'lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ['Waldeyer ring']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'low-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Extranodal lymphomas']