abstract: @entity1028 is a major health problem with @entity397 representing its main complication accompanied by great mortality. Elective repair is currently performed with mortality rates <3%, based upon size or expansion rate, with a recommended threshold of 5.5 cm maximum diameter or >1cm/year enlargement. It is well established that even small AAAs without indication for surgical repair can experience @entity397 with catastrophic outcomes whereas @entity439 often remain intact for a long period. It is recognized, therefore, that the currently used, maximum diameter criterion can not accurately predict AAAs evolution. There is increasing interest in the role of @entity1 -specific biomechanical profiling of AAA development and @entity397 . Biomechanically, @entity397 of a vessel occurs when intravascular forces exceed vessel wall structural endurance. @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) has been previously shown to better identify AAAs prone to @entity397 than maximum diameter, but currently stress analysis takes into account several assumptions that influence results to a large extent and limit their use. Moreover stress represents only one of two determinants of @entity397 risk according to the biomechanical perspective. Wall strength and mechanical properties on the other hand cannot be assessed in vivo but only ex vivo through mechanical studies with mean values of these parameters taken into account for @entity397 risk estimations. New possibilities in the field of aortic imaging offer promising tools for the validation and advancement of stress analysis and the in vivo evaluation of AAAs' wall properties and wall strength. Documentation of aortic wall motion during cardiac cycle is now feasible through ECG-gated multi-detector CT imaging offering new possibilities towards an individualized method for @entity397 risk and expansion-rate predictions based on data acquired in vivo.

title: Estimation of wall properties and wall strength of aortic aneurysms using modern imaging techniques. One more step towards a XXXX -specific assessment of aneurysm rupture risk.

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Peak Wall Stress', 'PWS']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['larger aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by @entity528 , limbic system, and basal forebrain, accompanied by accumulation of amyloid-b and tangle formation. Cerebrolysin (CBL), a peptide mixture with neurotrophic-like effects, is reported to improve cognition and activities of daily living in @entity1 with @entity195 . Likewise, CBL reduces @entity146 in transgenic (tg) @entity19 overexpressing the @entity1 @entity477 (hAPP). The neuroprotective effects of CBL may involve multiple mechanisms, including signaling regulation, control of APP metabolism, and expression of neurotrophic factors. We investigate the effects of CBL in the hAPP tg model of @entity195 on levels of neurotrophic factors, including @entity10788 ( @entity10788 ), @entity10788 , @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ), @entity9139 , @entity28082 , and @entity32334 ( @entity32334 ). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that levels of pro- @entity10788 were increased in saline-treated hAPP tg @entity19 . In contrast, CBL-treated hAPP tg @entity19 showed levels of pro- @entity10788 comparable to control and increased levels of mature @entity10788 . Consistently with these results, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased @entity10788 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of CBL-treated hAPP tg @entity19 . Protein levels of other neurotrophic factors, including @entity9140 , @entity9139 , @entity28082 , and @entity32334 , were unchanged. mRNA levels of @entity10788 and other neurotrophins were also unchanged. Analysis of neurotrophin receptors showed preservation of the levels of @entity26303 and @entity20384 (NTR) immunoreactivity per cell in the nucleus basalis. Cholinergic cells in the nucleus basalis were reduced in the saline-treated hAPP tg @entity19 , and treatment with CBL reduced these cholinergic deficits. These results suggest that the neurotrophic effects of CBL might involve modulation of the @entity10788 balance and a concomitant protection of cholinergic neurons.

title: Cerebrolysin modulates pronerve growth factor/nerve growth factor ratio and ameliorates the cholinergic deficit in a transgenic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic and behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity32334 :: ('12803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ciliary neurotrophic factor', 'CNTF']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10788 :: ('18049(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['pro-NGF/NGF', 'NGF', 'pro-nerve growth factor']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of neocortex']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The relationship between @entity7195 ( @entity2033 ) and @entity570 ( @entity571 ) remains unclear, especially for mild forms of @entity1141 . Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of @entity2033 in a population-based sample with symptoms and to evaluate potential associations linking @entity2033 , @entity570 , and @entity158 . METHODS: Individuals 40 to 75 years of age with symptoms in 1 or both hips were recruited during a multiregional prevalence survey. All study @entity1 underwent examination and radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence staging (with stages >=  2 indicating @entity570 ) and @entity2033 measures [center-edge (CE) angle, acetabular inclination angle (HTE), @entity7195 ( @entity7195 ), and vertical center-anterior margin angle]. RESULTS: We studied both hips of 842 individuals (1684 hips), among whom 203 had @entity570 . Compared to left hips, right hips had significantly smaller CE angles and significantly greater @entity7195 and HTE values (p  <= 0.001). Overall, the prevalence of @entity2033 ranged from 7.6% to 22.2% of the hips depending on the measure used. The prevalence of @entity2033 was higher in individuals with @entity570 , with significant differences for abnormal HTE (19.1% vs 11.4%; p < 0.0001) and abnormal CE (11.3% vs 7.5%; p = 0.04). By logistic regression, only abnormal HTE remained associated with @entity571 . @entity158 was not statistically more common in individuals with @entity2033 after stratification on @entity571 status (p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the relationship between @entity571 and @entity2033 , particularly as defined based on the HTE angle.

title: Relationship between hip dysplasia, @entity158 , and @entity571 in a cohort of XXXX with hip symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia', 'AD', 'acetabular depth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'Same-side hip pain']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Kinetic measurements indicate that the energy-independent transhydrogenation of @entity8250 - @entity2125 + by @entity1110 in membranes of @entity526 follows a rapid equilibrium random bireactant mechanism. Each substrate, although reacting preferentially with its own binding site, is able to interact with the binding site of the other substrate to cause inhibition of enzyme activity. @entity1920 (and @entity857 ) and @entity50047 interact with the @entity2125 +- and @entity1110 +-binding sites, respectively. @entity16367 and @entity12741 in @entity19131 buffer inhibit transhydrogenase activity presumably by reacting with @entity9696 residues. Protection against inhibition by @entity12741 is afforded by @entity1110 +, @entity2125 +, and high concentrations of @entity1110 and @entity2125 . Low concentrations of @entity1110 and @entity2125 increase the rate of inhibition by @entity12741 . Similar effects are observed for the inactivation of the transhydrogenase by tryptic digestion in the presence of these coenzymes. It is concluded that there are at least two conformations of the active site of the transhydrogenase which differ in the extent to which @entity9696 residues are accessible to exogenous agents such as trypsin and @entity12741 . One conformation is induced by low concentrations of @entity2125 and @entity1110 . Under these conditions the coenzymes could be reacting at the active site or at an allosteric site. The stimulation of transhydrogenase activity by low concentrations of the @entity2125 is consistent with the latter possibility.

title: Steady-state kinetics and the inactivation by @entity12741 of the energy-independent transhydrogenase of XXXX cell membranes.

entities_list: @entity9696 :: ('CHEBI:22619', 'Chemical') :: ['arginyl']

entities_list: @entity8250 :: ('MESH:C010835', 'Chemical') :: ['3-acetylpyridine']

entities_list: @entity16367 :: ('MESH:D010658', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The mouse monoclonal antibody 25-3 specific for the alpha subunit of @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ) has been infused to @entity1 undergoing HLA non-identical bone marrow transplantation because of lethal @entity74 in order to prevent graft failure. We have assessed the serum concentrations of the antibody infused according to two regimens: 0.1 mg/kg five times, every alternate day (eight @entity1 ) or 0.2 mg/kg daily for 10 days (30 patients). Serum trough levels of 25-3 antibody in the first group were constantly found to be low (less than 0.6 micrograms/ml) while 25-3 serum concentration in the second group rose progressively to a mean value of 2.2 micrograms/ml. Serum antibody concentrations were significantly lower in @entity1 with greater antigenic mass, i.e. with @entity381 , or non conditioned. The engraftment rate was slightly higher in @entity1 treated by the daily infusion of 25-3 for 10 days. No immunization against 25-3 antibody occurred. One @entity1 who subsequently received other mouse anti-B cell antibodies eventually produced anti-isotype antibodies. The consequences of 25-3 infusion on leukocyte counts has been evaluated in the group of @entity1 (n = 6) with severe combined @entity465 who did not receive any chemotherapy and in one who was treated with 25-3 because of @entity2132 . In none of the cases did 25-3 antibody infusion modify blood leukocyte counts. In addition, it was shown that saturation of @entity1453 on leukocytes was a transient phenomenon, since it could not be found 24 h following infusion of 25-3 antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: In vivo infusion of anti XXXX antibody in HLA non-identical bone marrow transplantation in children: serum concentrations and biological effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases or of leukemia']

answer: @entity1453 :: (3683,Gene) :: ['LFA-1']


abstract: Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (AVs) was monitored by electron microscopic morphometry in @entity19 pancreatic acinar cells during the 5-hr period after a single injection of @entity5713 (VBL). The expansion of the autophagic compartment (AC) occurred in two waves. AVs accumulated in the first 90 min and regressed in the next hour, but thereafter AC expanded again, and 5 hr following the VBL injection, as much as 5.3% of the cytoplasmic volume was found sequestered into the AC. The high rates of accumulation of AVs indicated that VBL stimulated AV formation (segregation) during both expansion phases. To have a deeper insight into the dynamics of the process segregational inhibitor @entity1880 ( @entity16496 ) was given 1 and 3 hr after VBL and the subsequent regression of the AC and its subcompartments (i.e., early, advanced, and late AVs) were measured during the next 90 min. We found that regression of AVs was fast in the first expansion and slowed down in the second expansion phase during which only early AVs regressed. @entity16496 proved to be a fast and effective inhibitor of autophagic segregation, whether it was given before, simultaneously, or after the VBL injection. The aforementioned results argue for a dual mode of action of VBL (i.e., a prompt stimulation of segregation and a delayed retardation of AV maturation). The two effects of the alkaloid prevail differently along the time course. A further analysis of the behavior of the AC subcompartments showed that @entity16496 perhaps inhibits segregational step(s) occurring prior to the actual formation of the autolysosomes.

title: Dynamics of @entity5713 -induced autophagocytosis in @entity19 pancreatic acinar cells: influence of XXXX post-treatments.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1880 :: (MESH:D003513,Chemical) :: ['cycloheximide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During embryonal development primitive @entity1210 can be observed first in the yolk sac, in which both hematopoietic and endothelial cells are derived from a common precursor, the hemangioblast. Whether cells with this dual differentiation potential persist during postnatal life is unknown. METHODS: A cell line was derived from a @entity1 with secondary @entity3052 . Because of its ability to grow in soft agar and in @entity915 @entity19 , this cell line was analyzed for expression of differentiation antigens by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, immunocytochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with simultaneous cell surface staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A new cell line was established from a @entity1 with @entity1148 that transformed into @entity3052 . The @entity1 's initial clinical presentation included skin and lymph node infiltrations that were taken for an @entity5426 due to positivity for @entity2280 , @entity2279 , and @entity2880 factor on immunohistology. In addition to hematopoietic markers, @entity1778 cells expressed endothelial antigens such as @entity4105 , CD105, and bound Ulex europ  eus lectin-1. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive staining for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity319 ), @entity878 / @entity878 , the angiopoietin receptor, and @entity3545 . These results were confirmed by PCR analysis. Simultaneous staining for @entity4105 and FISH analysis showed that cells with endothelial characteristics belonged to the @entity1778 . FISH analysis of histologic sections of the lymph node infiltration confirmed this manifestation as part of the @entity1778 process. The derived cell line, UKE-1, forms colonies in soft agar and is tumorigenic in @entity915 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: This new cell line, UKE-1, appears to combine hematopoietic and endothelial features, indicating the close ontogenic relation of both lineages.

title: Derivation of a new hematopoietic cell line with endothelial features from a XXXX with transformed myeloproliferative syndrome: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial cadherin']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated whether there is an association between maternal occupational exposure to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and @entity601 ( @entity601 ) in offspring. This is the first such study of which the authors are aware. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 1997 to 2002 deliveries in the National @entity600 Prevention Study, a large population-based case-control study in the United States. Maternal interviews yielded information on jobs held in the month before through 3 months after conception. Three industrial hygienists blinded to case or control status assessed occupational exposure to @entity2556 . Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 520 mothers of @entity1 with @entity601 , 5.0% were classified as exposed to occupational @entity2556 , as were 3.5% of the 2989 mothers of controls. The crude OR for PAH exposure was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.92-2.22) for any NTD and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.03-2.83) for @entity3570 . Adjusted ORs were smaller in magnitude and not significant. Among @entity1 who were normal weight or underweight, the crude OR for @entity3570 was 3.13 (95% CI, 1.63-6.03) and adjusted OR was 2.59 (95% CI, 1.32-5.07). Based on estimated cumulative exposure, a statistically significant dose-response trend was observed for @entity3570 ; however, it was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment. CONCLUSION: Maternal occupational exposure to @entity2556 may be associated with increased risk of @entity3570 in offspring among @entity1 who are normal weight or underweight. Other comparisons between @entity2556 and @entity601 were consistent with no association.

title: Maternal occupational exposure to XXXX and risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity2704 took two suppositories of an @entity3860 -containing proprietary drug (Cafergot, containing 2 mg @entity3860 tartrate) for the first time again after an abstinence of two years. Twenty-four hours later she developed symptoms of decreased peripheral blood flow in all four limbs. Walking distance without @entity158 was reduced to 100 m, but the severest changes affected the right arm, with livid discolorations and complete immobility 16 hours after the onset of symptoms. Despite administration of @entity1286 derivatives the @entity158 progressively increased. Angiography demonstrated @entity508 of all arm arteries below the axillary artery. No vessels were visualized below the lower-arm bifurcation. Thereupon 4 mg @entity594 were injected through the angio-catheter within 30 min (five individual doses of 0.8 mg each). This was followed by intravenous infusion of 0.5 mg/h. The @entity158 immediately decreased and the livid discoloration as well as impaired arm movement improved. A residual deficit, @entity10036 , persisted but gradually regressed during the following two months.

title: [Extremity-threatening ischemia in ergotism. Successful treatment with the intra-arterial administration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3860 :: ('MESH:D004878', 'Chemical') :: ['ergotamine']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic narrowing']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete lesion of the median nerve']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In terms of postjunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in the pulmonary circulation, no evidence is available with regard to the receptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction. Therefore, we characterized the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating contraction in isolated porcine pulmonary veins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction was studied using a tissue bath protocol. mRNA profile and relative quantification of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes were determined in porcine pulmonary veins using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. KEY RESULTS: In porcine pulmonary veins, @entity1063 , @entity2647 (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist), @entity16495 and @entity1338 (alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists) caused concentration-dependent contractions. The rank order of agonist potency was: NA approximately @entity16495 approximately @entity1338 > @entity2647 . @entity16495 responses were antagonised by @entity43884 (noncompetitive antagonist parameter pD'(2): 10.1), @entity3160 ( @entity584 ): 9.5), @entity3160 ( @entity584 ): 9.1), @entity13397 ( @entity584 ): 8.7), @entity23434 ( @entity584 ): 7.5), @entity3159 ( @entity584 ): 7.1) and @entity21654 ( @entity584 ): 7.0). Antagonist potencies fitted best with radioligand binding data (pK(i)) at the @entity1 recombinant @entity37876 (r(2)=0.96, P=0.0001). Correlation with alpha(2B)-adrenoceptors was lower (r(2)=0.74, P>0.01) and no correlation was obtained with alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors. Moreover, RT-PCR studies in porcine pulmonary veins showed mRNA signals for alpha(2A)- and alpha(2C)-adrenoceptors, but not for alpha(2B)-adrenoceptors, whilst real-time PCR studies indicated a prominent expression of @entity37876 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Postjunctional alpha(2C)-adrenoceptors mediated contraction in porcine pulmonary veins. alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors also seem to be present in this tissue. Since alpha(2)-adrenoceptor responsiveness is increased when pulmonary vascular tone is elevated, @entity37876 antagonists may be beneficial in diseases such as @entity120 or @entity712 .

title: Characterization of the postjunctional @entity37876 mediating vasoconstriction to XXXX in porcine pulmonary veins.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine', 'yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity37876 :: ('152', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity16495 :: (MESH:C015620,Chemical) :: ['UK14304']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sonographic appearances and prenatal natural history of @entity2977 . METHODS: In each case a detailed examination of the @entity1514 and a complete fetal survey was performed. The pregnancies that elected to continue were followed to term. RESULTS: A total of 26 cases were identified. The pregnancy was electively terminated in nine cases (35%). All the remaining 17 pregnancies ended in liveborn @entity1 (100%). The @entity75 disappeared completely in three fetuses (18%). Of the 14 @entity1 in whom the @entity75 was confirmed at birth nine required surgery in the neonatal or post-natal period. Five @entity1 did not undergo surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative management appears to be an adequate medical practice in cases of isolated congenital unilateral @entity2977 of the lung, in the absence of @entity4 and/or acute @entity2978 .

title: Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of XXXX : a report of 26 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung', 'cystic adenomatoid malformation']

answer: @entity2977 :: (MESH:D015615,Disease) :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung']


abstract: Isolated microspores of @entity4335 in culture change their developmental pathway from gametophytic to sporophytic and form embryo-like structures (ELS) upon prolonged heat shock treatment (5 days at 32   C). ELS express polarity during the initial days of endosporic development. In this study, we focussed on the analysis of polarity development of ELS without suspensor. Fluorescence microscopy and 3-D confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) without tissue interfering enabled us to get a good insight in the distribution of nuclei, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the architecture of microtubular (MT) cytoskeleton and the places of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation in successive stages of microspore embryogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed, for the first time, the appearance of a fibrillar extracellular matrix-like structure (ECM-like structure) in androgenic embryos without suspensor. Two types of endosporic development were distinguished based upon the initial location of the microspore nucleus. The polarity of dividing and growing cells was recognized by the differential distributions of organelles, by the organization of the MT cytoskeleton and by the visualization of DNA synthesis in the cell cycle. The directional location of nuclei, ER, mitochondria and starch grains in relation to the MTs configurations were early polarity indicators. Both exine @entity397 and ECM-like structure on the outer surfaces of ELS are supposed to stabilize ELS's morphological polarity. As the role of cell polarity during early endosporic microspore embryogenesis in @entity5702 remains unclear, microspore culture system provides a powerful in vitro tool for studying the developmental processes that take place during the earliest stages of plant embryogenesis.

title: Characterization of polarity development through 2- and 3-D imaging during the initial phase of microspore embryogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine"]

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['apical-basal cell fate determination']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Brassica napus L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is rapidly expanding therapy for the treatment of refractory @entity9 . Although technical issues such as battery life and lead migration have been well studied and improved, little is known about the incidence and management of @entity9737 and consequent @entity10 . OBJECTIVES: The goals of this article were to determine the incidence of postdural puncture @entity10 (PDPH) per lead insertion at the various regions of the spine and to detail the use of conservative management and epidural blood patch (EBP). Long-term outcomes are reviewed to validate treatment modalities employed. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records identified by @entity1 implant registry and current procedural terminology data for nearly a 13-year time interval. Operative and postoperative notes were reviewed for details on dural puncture, access technique and spinal level, the development of a PDPH, and the treatment employed with particularly emphasis on the use of (EBP). RESULTS: A total of 745 leads inserted resulted in 6 PDPH that were refractory to conservative measures but responded to EBP without long-term complications. The overall incidence of PDPH per lead insertion was 0.81%. Leads placed anterograde in the thoracolumbar (T11-L3) and Cervicothoracic (C7-T5) regions resulted in an incidence of PDPH per lead of 0.63% and 1.1%, respectively, while 5.9% occurred with lumbar retrograde approach, and none with caudal. CONCLUSIONS: Dural puncture during @entity602 device placement and can result in a PDPH that is severe and refractory to conservative modes of therapy. Even in the presence of hardware, EBP performed with meticulous aseptic technique was found to be safe and efficacious.

title: The Incidence and Management of Postdural Puncture @entity10 in XXXX Undergoing Percutaneous Lead Placement for Spinal Cord Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['inadvertent dural puncture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the oxidants @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ) on the vulnerability of the myocardium to reperfusion-induced @entity943 following global @entity63 . After a 15 min equilibration period with or without experimental intervention, isolated perfused @entity35 hearts in the Langendorff mode were made globally @entity63 for 5 min by cross-clamping the aortic line. No @entity943 were evoked upon reperfusion at the 5 min global @entity63 time period. @entity9785 or @entity274 were added to the perfusate 5 min into the equilibration period with a total exposure of 10 min. Global @entity63 was then induced for 5 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. A dose-response curve for @entity9785 (50-200 microM) indicated the development of @entity11233 , in a concentration-dependent way. Furthermore, coronary flow of the hearts exposed to 100 and 200 microM @entity9785 , at 5 min post-reperfusion, was decreased; @entity1853 (10 microM to 1 mM), an accepted scavenger for @entity9785 , prevented the responses to 200 microM @entity9785 , in a concentration-dependent manner. All hearts exposed to 200 microM @entity274 developed @entity943 during the reperfusion period. Coronary flow increased after 5 min of exposure to 200 microM @entity274 and remained elevated during reperfusion. It is concluded that toxic @entity26 derived products are capable of increasing the susceptibility of the myocardium to reperfusion induced @entity943 , and that although the electrical responses to exposure to those two oxidants were similar, the effects on the vasculature were not the same.

title: The effect of XXXX and @entity273 on coronary flow and arrhythmogenesis in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity11233 :: ('MESH:D016170', 'Disease') :: ['idioventricular rhythms']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias', 'dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorous acid']


abstract: We studied 65-year old, @entity28 @entity1 suspected of @entity27 . He gave a history of loud snoring and excessive @entity25 . We confirmed @entity25 during limited polysomnography with Polymesam (RDI--45/h, ODI--47/h). @entity1 had mainly obstructive episodes, however central and mixed apnoeas constituted about 1/3 of all episodes. During hospitalization we observed exacerbation of @entity453 and diagnosed @entity6 . @entity1 's coarsened facial features, @entity11124 and large hands led us to suspect @entity2012 . Brain MR study revealed small @entity977 . Plasma GH and @entity442 concentrations were increased. Active @entity2012 was diagnosed and was proposed a surgical treatment but he refused. Symptoms of @entity25 relieved after CPAP treatment. After one year @entity1 's condition remained stable.

title: [ @entity2012 and XXXX --case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep apnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep apnoea syndrome']


abstract: Although the role of the @entity262 ( @entity262 ) in @entity1283 induced by pressure overload has been consistently studied, the fundamental importance of the @entity262 in @entity299 has received much less attention. Our previous study found that proteasome inhibitor ( @entity16626 ) treatment attenuated @entity299 and @entity712 during the early and middle stages of pressure overload. However, the effects of this inhibitor on late-stage pressure overload hearts remain unclear and controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity16626 on @entity299 and dysfunction during the late stages of pressure overload. Male @entity35 with abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or a sham operation received an intraperitoneal injection of @entity16626 (0.1 mg kg      day     ) or vehicle for 16 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) function, collagen deposition and @entity10340 II levels were evaluated at study termination. @entity10340 II-stimulated adult @entity35 cardiac fibroblasts were utilized to examine the effects of @entity16626 on collagen synthesis and the relationship between the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) and the @entity262 . @entity16626 treatment attenuated @entity67 by suppressing @entity299 rather than inhibiting @entity1283 during the late-stages of pressure overload. We also found that @entity10340 II activates @entity262 in the heart and @entity16626 attenuates @entity10340 II-induced collagen synthesis via suppression of the NF-kB/ @entity1810 / @entity19233 signaling pathways. Proteasome inhibition therefore could provide a new promising therapeutic strategy to prevent @entity299 and progression of @entity712 even during the late-stages of pressure overload.

title: Proteasome inhibition attenuates XXXX during the late stages of pressure overload through alterations in collagen expression.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['UPS', 'ubiquitin-proteasome system']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity851 complicating unicameral bone cyst of the proximal humerus is reported in five @entity1 . These @entity1 represented 10% of 51 consecutive @entity1 treated by the senior author at our hospital from 1988 through 1995. The youngest @entity1 at first clinical presentation was aged 6 years, and the oldest was 14 years 9 months. The follow-up ranged from 35 to 69 months (average, 57.2). The youngest @entity1 at final follow-up was 9 years 1 month, and the oldest was 20 years 5 months. @entity174 was the common clinical presentation in all @entity1 . @entity851 was diagnosed by limb-length discrepancies, as well as radiographic evidence of premature closure of the physis and deformity of the upper humerus. Treatment was either aspiration of the cyst and local injection of @entity288 or curettage and bone grafting. @entity851 was documented, both clinically and radiographically, before the surgery in the two cases treated by curettage and grafting. The origin of growth arrest resulting from unicameral bone cyst remains uncertain. Direct iatrogenic damage to the physis was not a likely cause of growth arrest in this series. @entity851 as a complication of unicameral bone cyst of the proximal humerus is more common than is generally appreciated (10%).

title: XXXX resulting from unicameral bone cyst.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic fracture']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Growth arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the long-term effects of @entity229 and deflazacort on the functional status of @entity1 with @entity1555 . DESIGN: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity1555 , between the age of 12 and 15 yrs, who were observed over a 7-yr period were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen had been treated with @entity229 , 12 with deflazacort, and 19 had no drug treatment. All @entity1 treated with @entity230 received medication for >2 yrs before losing their ambulation. Lower and upper limb motor functions, pulmonary function, prevalence of surgery for @entity1635 , and side effects were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity134 groups were significantly more functional and performed better on all tests than @entity1 not treated (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the deflazacort- and @entity229 -treated groups (P > 0.05). The number of @entity1 having @entity1635 surgery in treated groups was significantly less than nontreated @entity1 (P < 0.05). The control group's pulmonary capacity was decreasing and significantly less than both @entity229 - and deflazacort-treated @entity1 . Both deflazacort and @entity229 had beneficial effect on pulmonary function and @entity1635 . @entity231 , @entity101 , behavioral changes, excessive @entity1017 , and @entity174 were noted as serious side effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity229 and deflazacort have a significant beneficial effect on slowing the disease progress. Their usage in @entity1555 may prolong ambulation and upper limb function with similar potency. Both @entity230 also improve pulmonary function, in addition to delaying the need for spinal interventions, with similar therapeutic profiles.

title: Corticosteroid treatment and functional improvement in XXXX : long-term effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataracts']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Activation of SA-dependent signaling pathway and suppression of JA-dependent signaling pathway seem to play key roles inB. @entity11137 -induced resistance toR. solanacearumin @entity523 plants. @entity11137 , a well-known and effective bio-insecticide, has attracted considerable attention as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of @entity66 . Treatment of @entity523 roots with a filter-sterilized @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) of @entity11137 systemically suppresses bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum through systemic activation of the plant defense system. Comparative analysis of the expression of the Pathogenesis-Related 1(P6) gene, a marker for induced resistance to pathogens, in various tissues of @entity523 plants treated with @entity1358 on their roots suggested that the @entity11137 -induced defense system was activated in the leaf, stem, and main root tissues, but not in the lateral root tissue. At the same time, the growth of @entity17498 was significantly suppressed in the @entity1358 -treated main roots but not in the @entity1358 -treated lateral roots. This distinct activation of the defense reaction and suppression of @entity17498 were reflected by the differences in the transcriptional profiles of the main and lateral tissues in response to the @entity1358 . In @entity1358 -treated main roots, but not @entity1358 -treated lateral roots, the expression of several @entity3785 (SA)-responsive defense-related genes was specifically induced, whereas @entity7214 (JA)-related gene expression was either down-regulated or not induced in response to the @entity1358 . On the other hand, genes encoding @entity1786 (ET)-related proteins were induced equally in both the main and lateral root tissues. Taken together, the co-activation of SA-dependent signaling pathway with ET-dependent signaling pathway and suppression of JA-dependent signaling pathway may play key roles in @entity11137 -induced resistance to @entity17498 in @entity523 .

title: Transcriptional profile of XXXX roots exhibiting @entity11137 -induced resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plant diseases']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'B. thuringiensis', 'thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cell-free filtrate']

entities_list: @entity17498 :: ('305', 'Species') :: ['R. solanacearum']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: AIM: The retrospective results of @entity505 prostheses for ACL plasty from 1985 to 1989 are reported. The aim of this study was to determine the number and kind of necessary revisions and the rate of @entity4040 and instability of the operated joints. METHOD: 101 @entity1 out of 136 @entity1 with ACL plasty using a @entity505 prosthesis could be reviewed clinically in this retrospective study. All @entity1 answered a questionnaire. Additionally, the tibial translation was examined with the KT1000 at maximum power. Conventional X-rays were taken of the knee joints. The results were evaluated using different scores. RESULTS: 70 % of the @entity1 had pathological findings in the clinically tested tibial translation and had a positive Lachmann sign. 66 @entity1 had a tibial translation of 2 mm or above when tested with the KT1000 at maximum power. Radiological studies had shown a gonarthrosis of grades III and IV in 93 @entity1 . An average of 77 points was found using the Lysholm score. CONCLUSION: The results 13.5 years after ACL plasty using a @entity505 prosthesis are unsatisfactory concerning joint stability and development of secondary @entity4040 . There is a discrepancy between the results of the clinical tests and the subjective complaints of the @entity1 .

title: [Results 13 years after ACL plasty using a XXXX prosthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the influence of dietary salt intake on the antihypertensive effect of slow-release @entity1855 240 mg once a day in a population with mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 . DESIGN: Parallel, randomized, multicentre study. METHODS: @entity1 were advised to follow a moderately low salt diet (Low-salt group). After a 2-week run-in period, those @entity1 with 24-h urinary @entity1372 excretion (UNa) < or = 120 mmol/day and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 90 and 114 mmHg were randomly assigned to @entity1855 + Low-salt or @entity1855 + unrestricted-salt diet (High-salt group) for 28 days. Compliance with diets was defined as Low-salt UNa < or = 120 mmol/day and High-salt UNa > 120 mmol/day with UNa increased by > or = 60 mmol/day over the level attained at the end of the run-in period. RESULTS: Significant reductions in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP were found in both the Low-salt (n = 235) and High-salt (n = 183) groups. The therapeutic goal (DBP < 90 mmHg) was achieved in 38.3% of @entity1 in the Low-salt and 44.8% of @entity1 in the High-salt group. Office blood pressure results were confirmed by ambulatory 24-h blood pressure monitoring in a subsample of @entity1 . @entity1855 reduced mean blood pressure throughout the nycthemeral cycle without any significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The restriction in @entity1372 intake does not have an additive effect on the antihypertensive effect of the slow-channel @entity460 antagonist @entity1855 .

title: Antihypertensive activity of XXXX : impact of dietary @entity1372 . The VERSAL Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity48903 in the treatment of severe @entity6 remains controversial, especially regarding the benefit/risk ratio. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity3157 therapy during severe @entity6 (pH <7.10). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The emergency unit of a teaching hospital. @entity1 : The records of 39 @entity1 consecutively admitted for severe @entity6 were analyzed (pH <7.10). The @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 24; @entity1 with @entity3157 treatment) and group 2 (n = 15; @entity1 without @entity3157 treatment). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We compared two groups of @entity1 presenting with severe @entity6 (pH values between 6.83 and 7.08) treated with or without @entity3157 . A group of 24 @entity1 received 120+/-40 mmol @entity4388 . The two groups were similar at admission with regard to clinical and biological parameters. No difference could be demonstrated between the two groups concerning the clinical parameters or the normalization time of biochemical parameters. If the number of @entity1 with @entity1371 was comparable between the two groups, the @entity972 supply was significantly more important in group 1 compared with group 2 (366+/-74 mmol/L vs. 188+/-109 mmol/L, respectively; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Data from the literature and this study are not in favor of the use of @entity3157 in the treatment of @entity6 with pH values between 6.90 and 7.10.

title: Does XXXX therapy improve the management of severe @entity6 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity48903 :: ('MESH:D001639', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonates']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']


abstract: Lethally irradiated C3H/Law @entity19 were injected (i.v.) with C57BL/Rij allogeneic bone marrow cells to induce a delayed type @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Signs of @entity2132 first became apparent in the third week after transplantation. The disease resulted in a mortality rate of 70% at 80 days. Treatment with @entity60 twice weekly, for a period of 6 wk, starting at the time of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), completely prevented overt @entity2132 , as evidenced by a lack of @entity294 and no mortality during the follow-up period of 100 days after BMT. Also, the histologic @entity2132 in the gastrointestinal tract were almost completely abrogated by the @entity60 treatment. All long term survivors were proven to be chimeras. During the induction phase of @entity2132 , the number of Con A-induced, @entity60 -producing cells in the spleen was significantly reduced in the @entity60 -treated @entity19 as compared with control @entity19 . These results suggest that the normally enhanced production of endogenous @entity60 in the spleen at the time of hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT is down-regulated by exogenously administered @entity60 . This cytokine-mediated strategy to prevent @entity2132 might be an alternative to the current strategy of in vitro depletion of T cells for allogeneic BMT.

title: XXXX prevents graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'GVHD lesions', 'graft-vs-host disease']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interferon-gamma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Trapezium excision with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition has proved to be highly effective in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint @entity625 . Donor-site morbidity from autograft harvest can be avoided by using an allograft. We report the outcomes after suspension and interposition arthroplasty using an acellular dermal allograft (GraftJacket; Wright Medical Technology, Inc., Arlington, @entity7443 ) for thumb carpometacarpal @entity625 . METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 (100 thumbs) had surgery for thumb carpometacarpal @entity625 using acellular dermal allograft instead of flexor carpi radialis tendon autograft. Evaluation of the results was performed for 82 thumbs with adequate data. Each @entity1 was followed up for a minimum of 12 months (average, 30 months). Pain levels, grip strength, key pinch strength, range of motion, and radiographic measurements were performed. RESULTS: Between the preoperative and final follow-up measurements, @entity1 @entity158 levels (on a visual analog scale) were significantly reduced, from 6.2 to 0.7. Comparisons between preoperative and postoperative strength measurements showed an average 16% increase in grip strength and 19% increase in key pinch strength. No differences were found for radial abduction and palmar abduction data, respectively. Comparison with the preoperative x-rays showed the thumb metacarpal had subsided 31% of the arthroplasty space. No @entity1 experienced a @entity6377 or suffered an @entity281 in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Trapeziectomy with suspension and interposition arthroplasty using an acellular dermal allograft is highly effective for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal @entity625 . This procedure provides a safe and effective alternative to autograft for both ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition and eliminates the potential morbidity of autograft harvest. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Trapezium resection with suspension and interposition arthroplasty using acellular dermal allograft for thumb carpometacarpal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6377 :: ('MESH:D005549', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body reaction']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the T-box transcription factor gene @entity47816 are found in @entity1 with @entity47817 and @entity9826 ( @entity47817 ), and are reported in approximately 5% of all @entity2419 @entity1 . Clinical variability in @entity47817 ranges from a mild @entity6044 submucous @entity2419 to a severe, complete cleft of the secondary palate. AIMS: To explore the possibility that mutations lying outside of the @entity47816 coding region might contribute to the phenotype, a non-coding upstream exon and its upstream regulatory region were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We sequenced 137 @entity1 with @entity2419 without coding region mutations and 295 controls. While no unique mutations were identified, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were noted. These variants segregate into four distinct haplotypes. Individually, two of the SNPs associate significantly with @entity2419 , as does the haplotype containing the rare allele of both SNPs. Analysis of the @entity1 cohorts stratified for the presence of @entity9826 significantly increases these associations. Reporter assays were used to analyse each of these haplotypes and the impact of individual SNPs. An important functional role for @entity47818 results in a decreased promoter activity of up to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity47817 -like @entity1 harbouring this promoter haplotype are therefore associated with decreased @entity47816 transcriptional activity. The risk haplotype, in concert with additional genetic and/or environmental factors, may contribute to the phenotypic variation observed and provide a novel causative mechanism for @entity2419 , especially in @entity1 with @entity9826 .

title: A functional haplotype variant in the @entity47816 promoter is associated with @entity2419 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity47817 :: ('MESH:C536426', 'Disease') :: ['CPX', 'X-linked cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloglossia']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'non-syndromic cleft palate']

answer: @entity9826 :: (MESH:C562396,Disease) :: ['ankyloglossia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few validated models for prediction of risk of symptomatic @entity932 (sICH) after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment for @entity385 . We used data from Get With The Guidelines- @entity64 (GWTG- @entity64 ) to derive and validate a prediction tool for determining sICH risk. METHODS: The population consisted of 10 242 @entity1 from 988 hospitals who received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator within 3 hours of symptom onset from January 2009 to June 2010. This sample was randomly divided into derivation (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator-related sICH in the derivation sample; model b coefficients were used to assign point scores for prediction. RESULTS: sICH within 36 hours was noted in 496 @entity1 (4.8%). Multivariable adjusted independent predictors of sICH were increasing age (17 points), higher baseline National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (42 points), higher systolic blood pressure (21 points), higher blood @entity413 (8 points), Asian race (9 points), and male sex (4 points). The C-statistic was 0.71 in the derivation sample and 0.70 in the independent internal validation sample. Plots of observed versus predicted sICH showed good model calibration in the derivation and validation cohorts. The model was externally validated in National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 trial @entity1 with a C-statistic of 0.68. CONCLUSIONS: The GWTG- @entity64 sICH risk "GRASPS" score provides clinicians with a validated method to determine the risk of sICH in @entity1 treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator within 3 hours of @entity64 symptom onset.

title: Risk score for @entity932 in @entity1 with acute XXXX treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The @entity2531 are encountered commonly in both primary and secondary care. Despite their high incidence, few hospitals have teams with the expertise to manage this group of conditions. The lack of appropriate carers leads to inappropriate care, including increased numbers of admissions and investigations, to the detriment of the @entity1 . The absence of appropriate care also increases the cost to the health services. Multidisciplinary Consultation Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry teams operate within non-psychiatric settings and are dedicated to the mental health care of @entity1 presenting in these areas. Their unique skills and approaches offer support and education to these non-psychiatric teams and care to this group of @entity1 . They are thus ideally placed to assess, diagnose and manage individuals presenting with @entity2531 . Unfortunately, these teams are not widely available, largely because the current climate within psychiatry leads services to concentrate on what is defined as serious @entity1032 , a term usually used synonymously with @entity914 , despite the large number of @entity1 suffering from @entity2531 and the cost of their care. The dislike that some colleagues have for this group of conditions may further hamper the creation of these services. In order to provide efficient assessment of and treatment for individuals with @entity2531 , C-L Psychiatry teams must be created to lead clinical development, research and training in this discipline. These teams will also lead on the further research required.

title: XXXX : the role of consultation liaison psychiatry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['Somatoform disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS AND AIM: Endorectal advancement flap repair is a well-recognized method for the treatment of @entity292 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the clinical and functional results of @entity1442 for @entity292 and to identify factors that affect outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 56 @entity1 was performed. Clinical and functional results were studied using the Wexner continence scale and anal manometry before and after surgery. Factors associated with recurrence and @entity322 were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Sixty endorectal flaps were constructed in 56 @entity1 . Mean age was 49 years (range 24-74). The @entity292 was of cryptoglandular origin in 91.1% cases. Mean follow-up was 43.8 months. The technique was repeated in four @entity1 because of recurrence (7.1%), with subsequent healing in all cases. There were significant reductions in maximum resting pressure 3 months after surgery (83.6+/-33.2 vs 45.6+/-18.3, p<0.001) and maximum squeeze pressure (208.8+/-91.5 vs 169.5+/-75, p<0.001). Before surgery, five @entity1 (8.9%) reported @entity322 symptoms. After surgery, 78.6% @entity1 had normal continence, seven @entity1 (12.5%) complained of minor @entity322 , and five (9%) had major continence disturbances. None of the variables studied (age, sex, previous @entity292 surgery, @entity3622 , and @entity30 ) affected the outcome of the procedure in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal advancement flap repair is an effective technique for @entity9292 , with a low recurrence rate (7.1%). @entity1 (21.4%) reported disturbed anal continence. It is still not possible to identify factors that are predictive of failure or @entity322 .

title: Clinical and manometric results of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['endorectal advancement flaps']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'complex anorectal fistula']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['complex anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['endorectal advancement flaps for complex anal fistula']


abstract: Acute @entity712 associated with @entity2401 is highly lethal. Left ventricular assist device support for these @entity1 has been advocated to decompress the left ventricle and facilitate @entity296 and recovery. Concerns exist regarding the ability of venoarterial (VA) @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) to decompress the left ventricle and allow effective myocardial recovery. @entity7027 has several advantages, including availability, rapid deployment, and flexibility, as compared with contemporary ventricular assist devices. The objective of this study was to provide a brief review of acute @entity2401 and present our series of @entity1 . After Institutional Review Board approval, we conducted a retrospective data analysis of @entity1 on @entity7027 experiencing rapidly progressive @entity712 from a normal baseline. @entity1 with a history of intrinsic @entity299 were excluded. All @entity1 were thought to have @entity2401 and had failed medical therapy requiring emergent @entity7027 support. Five @entity1 demographics are detailed in Table 1. @entity1 experienced life-threatening intractable @entity943 or @entity1167 and were refractory to medical therapy with severe @entity520 and impending @entity881 . All @entity1 were stabilized with VA @entity7027 , and the left ventricle and atrium were decompressed in four of five @entity1 . A left atrial vent was placed in one @entity1 . Myocardial recovery with successful weaning from @entity7027 was obtained in four of five @entity1 and to a normal ejection fraction in three of the five. One @entity1 failed @entity7027 weaning and required biventricular VAD support secondary to severe @entity296 from @entity2401 and was transplanted, one died, all others are alive at follow-up. @entity7027 is safe and effective to treat acute @entity712 and may be used to obtain myocardial recovery in certain subsets. We devised a decision algorithm for @entity7027 deployment in this @entity1 cohort and routinely use @entity7027 .

title: The role of @entity7027 in acute XXXX : a bridge to recovery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['ECLS', 'extracorporeal life support']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'giant cell myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population-based studies have revealed declining acute @entity385 (AIS) hospitalization rates in the United States, but no study has assessed recent temporal trends in race/ethnic-, age-, and sex-specific AIS hospitalization rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Temporal trends in hospitalization for AIS from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults >= 25  years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnic-specific and age-adjusted @entity64 hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations and @entity10479 census data. From 2000 to 2010, age-adjusted @entity64 hospitalization rates decreased from 250 to 204 per 100  000 (overall rate reduction 18.4%). Age-specific AIS hospitalization rates decreased for individuals aged 65 to 84  years (846 to 605 per 100  000) and >= 85  years (2077 to 1618 per 100  000), but increased for individuals aged 25 to 44  years (16 to 23 per 100  000) and 45 to 64  years (149 to 156 per 100  000). Blacks had the highest age-adjusted yearly hospitalization rates, followed by Hispanics and whites (358, 170, and 155 per 100  000 in 2010). Age-adjusted AIS hospitalization rates increased for blacks but decreased for Hispanics and whites. Age-adjusted AIS hospitalization rates were lower in @entity1 and declined more steeply compared to @entity1 (272 to 212 per 100  000 in @entity1 versus 298 to 245 per 100  000 in @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity64 hospitalizations declined in the United States, the reduction was more pronounced among older individuals, @entity1 , Hispanics, and whites. Renewed efforts at targeting risk factor control among vulnerable individuals may be warranted.

title: Trends in Acute XXXX Hospitalizations in the United States.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'overall stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to compare the accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) and standard chest x- @entity16039 (CXR) for diagnosing @entity55 in older @entity1 with @entity1576 ( @entity1353 , cough, hemoptysis, and atypical @entity662 ) admitted to an acute-care geriatric ward. METHODS: We enrolled 169 (80M, 89 F) multimorbid @entity1 aged 83.0  9.2 years from January 1 to October 31, 2015. Each @entity1 underwent CXR and bedside LUS within 6hours from ward admission. LUS was performed by skilled clinicians, blinded to CXR results and clinical history. The final diagnosis ( @entity55 vs no- @entity55 ) was established by another clinician reviewing clinical and laboratory data independent of LUS results and possibly prescribing chest contrast-enhanced CT. Diagnostic parameters of CXR and LUS were compared with McNemar test on the whole cohort and after stratification for Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy for @entity55 (96 @entity1 ) was significantly higher in LUS (0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.96) compared with CXR (0.67, 95%CI 0.60-0.74, P<0.001). LUS had a better sensitivity (0.92, 95%CI 0.86-0.97 vs 0.47, 95%CI 0.37-0.57) and negative predictive value (0.95, 95% CI 0.83-0.96 vs 0.57, 95%CI 0.48-0.56). In those @entity1 with frailty (n = 87 with Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale >= 5), LUS maintained a high diagnostic accuracy, but CXR did not (P = 0.0003). Interobserver agreement for LUS, calculated in a subsample of 29 @entity1 , was high (k = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: In multimorbid @entity1 admitted to an acute geriatric ward, LUS was more accurate than CXR for the diagnosis of @entity55 , particularly in those with frailty. A wider use of LUS should be implemented in this setting.

title: Lung ultrasound and chest x- XXXX for detecting @entity55 in an acute geriatric ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['ray']


abstract: PURPOSE: Here we aimed to explore the possible mechanism and potential regulatory relationships in which the @entity1149 . (NSCLC)-resisted @entity470 . ( @entity470 ) @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: GSE38310, the gene expression profiles of NSCLC cell lines treated with @entity3733 or @entity3866 , including HCC827, ER3, and T15-2, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and preprocessed by normalization. Basing on the regulatory relationships of transcriptional factors obtained from University of California Santa Cruz. (UCSC) database, the differentially expressed genes. (DEGs) were screened using limma package in R with.  logFC  >1 and P < 0.05, and regulatory networks of these DEGs were built with supervised inference of regulatory networks (SIRENE). Subsequently, differentially regulatory networks were compared basing on Limit Fold Change. (LFC) method. RESULTS: Totally 24,380 genes were obtained, 1,531 DEGs were identified in @entity1 cell lines, 37 DEGs in ER3 cell lines, 156 DEGs in T15-2 cell lines. After removing the redundancy genes, 1,575 differentially expressed genes were got at last. Basing on three regulatory networks of @entity1 cell lines, ER3 cell lines and T15-2 cell lies, sex-determining region Y (SRY).related high mobility group-box gene 9. ( @entity1935 ) and @entity5740 ( @entity4104 ) were identified by comparing with HCC827 and ER3 networks. And suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 B ( @entity14252 ), early growth response-1 ( @entity5738 ) and @entity8850 were obtained in comparison of HCC827 and T15-2 networks. CONCLUSIONS: The regulatory edges with remarkable changes between HCC827 and ER3, HCC827 and T15.2 included some transcription factors and genes. (e. g., @entity4104 and @entity1935 ). @entity4104 , @entity1935 , @entity14252 , @entity5738 , and @entity8850 might affect the resistance of NSCLC to @entity3866 .

title: Exploring the mechanism of @entity1149 cell lines resistant to XXXX @entity4149 kinase inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non.small.cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current standard for the evaluation of @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 (BAT) consists of physical examination, screening lab values, and computed tomography (CT) scan. We sought to determine if the focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 (FAST) combined with elevated liver transaminases ( @entity6571 /ALT) could be used as a screening tool for @entity3511 ( @entity3511 ) in pediatric @entity1 with BAT. METHODS: Registry data at a level 1 @entity130 center was retrospectively reviewed from 1991-2007. Data collected on BAT @entity1 under the age of 16 y included demographics, injury mechanism, ISS, GCS, imaging studies, serum ALT and @entity6571 levels, and disposition. @entity6571 and ALT were considered positive if either one was >100 IU/L. RESULTS: Overall, 3171 cases were identified. A total of 1008 (31.8%) @entity1 received CT scan, 1148 (36.2%) had FAST, and 497 (15.7%) @entity1 received both. Of the 497 @entity1 , 400 (87.1%) also had @entity6571 and ALT measured. FAST was 50% sensitive, 91% specific, with a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 68%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 83%, and accuracy of 80%. Combining FAST with elevated @entity6571 or ALT resulted in a statistically significant increase in all measures (sensitivity 88%, specificity 98%, @entity2286 94%, NPV 96%, accuracy 96%). CONCLUSIONS: FAST combined with @entity6571 or ALT > 100 IU/L is an effective screening tool for @entity3511 in @entity1 following BAT. Pediatric @entity1 with a negative FAST and liver transaminases < 100 IU/L should be observed rather than subjected to the radiation risk of CT.

title: Pediatric FAST and elevated liver transaminases: An effective screening tool in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury', 'IAI']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The results of prematurely terminated stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent @entity64 in @entity932 (SAMMPRIS) due to excessively high rate of @entity64 and @entity204 in @entity1 randomized to intracranial stent placement is expected to affect the practice of endovascular therapy for @entity4522 . The purpose of this report is to review the components of the designs and methods SAMMPRIS trial and to describe the influence of those components on the interpretation of trial results. METHODS: A critical review of the @entity1 population included in SAMMPRIS is conducted with emphasis on "generalizability of results" and "bias due to cherry picking phenomenon." The technical aspects of endovascular treatment protocol consisting of intracranial angioplasty and stent placement using the Gateway balloon and Wingspan self-expanding @entity5648 stent and credentialing criteria of trial interventionalists are reviewed. The influence of each component is estimated based on previous literature including multicenter clinical trials reporting on intracranial angioplasty and stent placement. RESULTS: The inclusion criteria used in the trial ensured that @entity1 with adverse clinical or angiographic characteristics were excluded. Self-expanding stent as the sole stent, technique of prestent angioplasty, periprocedural antiplatelet treatment, and intraprocedural anticoagulation are unlikely to adversely influence the results of intracranial stent placement. A more permissive policy toward primary angioplasty as an acceptable treatment option may have reduced the overall periprocedural complication rates by providing a safer option in technically challenging lesions. The expected impact of a more rigorous credentialing process on periprocedural @entity64 and/or @entity204 rate following intracranial stent placement in SAMMPRIS such as the one used in carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial remains unknown. CONCLUSION: The need for developing new and effective treatments for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity932 cannot be undermined. The data support modification but not discontinuation of our approach to intracranial angioplasty and/or stent placement for @entity932 . There are potential @entity1 in whom angioplasty and/or stent placement might be the best approach, and a new trial with appropriate modifications in @entity1 selection and design may be warranted.

title: Intracranial angioplasty and stent placement after stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent @entity64 in XXXX (SAMMPRIS) trial: present state and future considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8972 ( @entity8972 ) is a viral @entity7545 . Although its etiopathogenesis is not clearly understood, it is known to be a Nairovirus. We aimed to examine the viral effects of intense systemic @entity32 and vascular damage on the pulmonary vascular beds and lung tissues. METHODS: A total of 45 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity8972 were considered for this retrospective study. In this @entity1 group, those whose lungs had been visualized via thoracic computer tomography (CT) were entered into the study. Diameters of the pulmonary trunk, main pulmonary arteries, atria, and ventricles were measured. Study group measurements were compared with the control group, which included @entity1 with normal thoracic CT. RESULTS: Overall, 90 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, with 45 @entity1 in the study group and 45 in the control group. In the study group, the @entity1 -to- @entity1 balance was 3/2. The average age in the study group was 54.07      17.91  years. In comparing the average diameters of pulmonary arteries in the study and control groups, the study group's average pulmonary artery diameter was significantly larger than the control group (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in diameters of the pulmonary trunks and main pulmonary arteries due to @entity8972 was first shown in this current study. Moreover, due to our findings, it should be noted that with the rise in pulmonary artery diameter in @entity8972 , @entity120 can appear acutely, and this condition can be significantly alter clinical course and follow-up of the @entity1800 .

title: Does @entity8972 Cause a Vasculitic Reaction with Pulmonary Artery Enlargement and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8972 :: ('MESH:D006479', 'Disease') :: ['CCHF', 'Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral illness']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne illness']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Acute Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: @entity8453 are common @entity74 in Saudi Arabia. Prenatal diagnosis for such diseases is specific and sensitive but not yet implemented in Saudi Arabia. Saudis are Muslims with a very high rate of consanguinity and @entity74 . To examine the attitude of Saudi families affected with @entity8453 towards prenatal diagnosis and abortion, and to evaluate the effect of education on religious ruling on such attitudes, 32 families were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire. The majority accepted prenatal diagnosis (81.3%). The attitude towards abortion was greatly affected by religious values. Education about religious ruling significantly affected parents' attitude towards accepting abortion and prenatal diagnosis. No other factors were found to influence the outcome. Although the majority of families received some kind of formal genetic counseling [23/32 (71.9%)], none of them was informed about the possibility of prenatal or preimplantation diagnosis prior to the interview. Therefore for prevention of @entity74 , the emphasis in countries with a vast majority of Muslims such as Saudi Arabia has probably to be placed on public awareness about genetic risks, the risk of consanguinity, availability of services, and so on, while at the same time taking into consideration the religious beliefs and education of the target population

title: Attitude of Saudi families affected with XXXX towards prenatal screening and abortion and the influence of religious ruling (Fatwa).

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorders', 'genetic disorders', 'inherited genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoglobinopathies', 'hemoglobinopathies']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['hemoglobinopathies']


abstract: The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of osteoclast function is not known. We therefore compared the effect of @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), which activates protein kinase C, on the resorptive function, motility, and morphology of osteoclasts from @entity35 and @entity1573 . @entity4515 caused a significant reduction in resorption pit number in both species; @entity35 osteoclasts were more sensitive, being significantly inhibited at doses of 10(-9)-10(-6) M compared with 10(-7)-10(-6) M for @entity1573 osteoclasts. The inactive analog @entity4515 -alpha was without significant effect, and inhibition was not blocked by 10(-6) M @entity3352 . In time course experiments, inhibition at 24 h was similar to or greater than inhibition at 6 h, indicating a persistent or progressive effect on bone resorption. Removal of @entity4515 after 6 h prompted partial recovery of bone-resorptive ability in @entity1573 osteoclasts but not @entity35 , at least over a 48 h incubation. In time-lapse video studies of @entity35 osteoclasts, 10(-6) M @entity4515 produced an immediate but transient cessation of motility and retraction of the cell margin into prominent filopodia. Motility resumed within 2.5 h after addition, but the osteoclasts remained partially contracted. @entity1573 osteoclasts behaved similarly but showed no formation of filopodia at the cell periphery and a more rapid recovery of motility than @entity35 osteoclasts; @entity1573 osteoclasts also underwent a transient vacuolation following @entity4515 exposure, whereas @entity35 osteoclasts did not. Despite differences in the sensitivity of @entity35 and @entity1573 osteoclasts to @entity4515 , these results suggest a fundamental role for protein kinase C in the inhibition of osteoclasts from both species.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity35 and @entity1573 osteoclasts.

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity4514 :: (MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']


abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the general principles of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including signal generation and image interpretation. Additionally, a discussion of the clinical usefulness as it relates to lumbar MRI is presented using degenerative disk disease as an example. Lumbar MRI provides high-resolution, multiaxial, multiplanar views that have high contrast between soft tissues. Obtaining these images in vivo creates minimal risk for @entity1 and provides examiners with an excellent mechanism to study anatomic detail and the biochemical composition of the lumbar spine. Different tissue characteristics known as T1, T2, and proton density may be accentuated, allowing examiners to detect variations in tissue shape and hydration that may correspond to disease processes. There is strong agreement that lumbar MRI is indicated for the evaluation of @entity1 with risk factors for @entity5 or in @entity1 with coexisting evidence of @entity16 . The utilization of lumbar MRI in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), however, is controversial. Lumbar MRI has a high technical capacity to @entity179 , @entity890 , and distortions in the thecal sac or nerve roots associated with these conditions. The diagnostic accuracy, however, of most lumbar anatomic impairments related to the symptoms of @entity1643 is low or unknown. Although lumbar MRI remains as an excellent tool to study morphology, findings must be related to data from clinical examinations to provide meaningful judgments.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX : general principles and clinical issues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['LBP', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic or infectious disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['detect degenerative disk disease']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['bulging and herniated disks']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity26 free @entity16 has been demonstrated in the middle ear mucosa of a @entity840 model of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). Potential sources of free radicals include both neutrophils responding to infection and @entity328 , a common @entity697 pathogen. This project was conducted to examine the middle ear fluid in a @entity840 model of @entity697 for evidence of elevated lipid @entity2625 (LPO) as a marker of free @entity16 . Twenty-one @entity840 were injected transtympanically with @entity2172 and sterile saline into the right (control) middle ear. Middle ear fluid was recovered on postoperative day 5. The fluid was weighed and analyzed for quantity of LPO. Results indicated an increased absolute level of LPO, as well as an increased level of LPO divided by the weight of the fluid recovered. Histologic examination confirmed leukocyte infiltration and mucosal @entity4 that were consistent with @entity16 . While free radical @entity2169 in a @entity840 model of @entity697 is well documented, this is the first study to demonstrate evidence of free @entity16 in middle ear fluid. These results are relevant because they correlate @entity16 with lipoperoxidation in fluid. Additionally, this serves as an important precursor to @entity1 studies, since middle ear fluid is readily available in @entity1 with @entity2346 media.

title: Lipid peroxides in middle ear fluid after @entity697 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['bacteria into the left (infected) middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage', 'radical damage']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: We report the use of a @entity2841 ) and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) combination as salvage treatment in four heavily-pretreated @entity1 with refractory/ recurrent B-CLL. Induction therapy was subcutaneous @entity2841 2.5 microg/ kg, and @entity1307 , 150 units/kg both daily for the first 14 d. Maintenance therapy was @entity2841 on days 1, 3 and 5 and @entity1307 on days 2, 4 and 6 at the same doses with weekly recycling. All the @entity1 responded favourably. A significant reduction of lymphocytosis, lymphoadenomegaly, and @entity7555 was obtained within one month of therapy. The number of @entity281 and transfusional requirement decreased dramatically. The hemoglobin increased to over 11 g/dl in 3 out of 4 @entity1 . With a median follow-up of 11 months (range 5-13) we observed 4 partial responses (NCI/IWCLL) and only one progression after a 10-month partial response. This combination regimen seems very active, safe and easy to administer. It may represent a promising therapeutical option in heavily pretreated @entity1 . Further clinical and biological studies on a larger cohort of @entity1 are needed to confirm these preliminary data, to clarify the hypothetical interactions between these cytokines and B-CLL cell proliferation pathways, and to establish if this therapy may have an impact on survival.

title: Combination of XXXX ( @entity2841 ) anf @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) for the treatment of advanced non-responsive chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['colony-stimulating granulocyte-macrophage factor (GM/CSF', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) plays a critical role in signal transduction for a variety of cell activation processes. Enhanced @entity7131 activity is often found in @entity5 cells that show marked invasive and/or metastatic potential. Thus, a specific @entity7131 inhibitor may serve as a tool to reduce invasive or metastatic potential of @entity5 cells. We show here that @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a @entity7131 activator, also reduces invasiveness of EJ invasive transitional @entity189 cells. @entity4515 -induced reduction in invasiveness was parallel with inhibition of cell motility. @entity4515 neither induced @entity5962 expression nor augmented cell-matrix adhesion of EJ cells. @entity4515 caused retraction of microspikes from the rim of the cells and consequently rounding of the cellular rim, and the disappearance of microfilaments from the cytoplasm. @entity4515 at 10(-7) M, at which concentration the motility of EJ cells was completely inhibited, down-regulated @entity7131 activity over 5 hr after transient translocation of @entity7131 activity to the membrane fraction. At the same time, @entity4515 induced hyperphosphorylation of @entity10929 and talin. During the process of cell movement, actin-binding proteins are in a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Once this cycle is interrupted, cells can no longer maintain the dynamics of cytoskeletal structure. We suggest that retention of the hyperphosphorylated state of @entity10929 and talin is responsible for the mechanism(s) by which @entity4515 produces inhibitory activity against invasiveness of EJ cells.

title: XXXX -induced reduction in invasiveness is associated with hyperphosphorylation of @entity10929 and talin in invasive bladder cancer cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

answer: @entity4515 :: (CHEBI:60755,Chemical) :: ['PMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The palliation of @entity1282 in metastatic @entity418 remains a challenge, and the optimal approach for this difficult clinical scenario is not clear. We therefore sought to define and determine the efficacy of various treatment options used at our institution for this condition. METHODS: We reviewed a prospective database for all @entity1 managed in an @entity418 referral centre over a 5-year period. All @entity1 receiving palliation of @entity5 were reviewed for demographics, palliative treatment modalities, complications, and @entity1282 scores (0 = none to 4 = complete). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine significance (p < 0.05). RESULTS: During 2004-2009, 63 @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 were treated for palliation of @entity1282 . The primary treatment was radiotherapy in 79% (brachytherapy in 18 of 50; external-beam in 10 of 50; both types in 22 of 50), and stenting in 21%. Mean wait time from diagnosis to treatment was 22 days in the stent group and 54 days in the radiotherapy group (p = 0.003). Mean duration of treatment was 1 day in the stent group and 40 days in the radiotherapy group (p = 0.001). In @entity1 treated initially by stenting, @entity1282 improved within 2 weeks of treatment in 85% of @entity1 ( @entity1282 score of 0 or 1). However, 20% of @entity1 presented with recurrence of @entity1282 at 10 weeks of treatment. In the radiotherapy group, the onset of palliation was slower, with only 50% of @entity1 palliated at 2 weeks ( @entity1282 score of 0 or 1). However, long-term palliation was more satisfactory, with 90% of @entity1 remaining palliated after 10 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In inoperable @entity418 at our centre, radiation treatment provided durable long-term relief, but came at a high price of a long wait time for initiation of treatment and a long lag time between initiation of treatment and relief of symptoms. On the other hand, endoluminal stenting provided more rapid and effective early relief from symptoms, but was affected by recurrence of @entity1282 in the long-term. It is now time for a prospective randomized trial to assess the safety and efficacy of combined-modality treatment with both endoluminal stenting and radiation therapy compared with either treatment alone.

title: What is the optimal management of XXXX in metastatic @entity418 ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anisotropic properties of cardiac tissue play an important role in initiation and perpetuation of @entity1165 . However, anisotropic conduction properties in different morphologic types of chronic @entity583 as well as frequency dependency still need to be elucidated. In the present study, the characteristics of anisotropic conduction were investigated in situ in the setting of @entity63 -reperfusion induced chronic @entity583 . METHODS: @entity583 was induced in 12 @entity235 by a percutaneous transcatheter left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion technique. Four additional @entity235 served as normal controls. After 14 to 20 days, epicardial mapping was performed using simultaneous unipolar recordings from 240 electrodes of a plaque electrode array placed on the epicardial border zone overlying the @entity1188 . Constant rate pacing with five cycle lengths (CL) ranging from 500 to 200 ms as well as programmed electrical stimulation (PES) with four basic cycle lengths (BCL) ranging from 430 to 300 ms and single extrastimuli (S2) were performed. RESULTS: Two anatomically different patterns of epicardial surface morphology were analyzed, designated as type I and type II. In seven animals, there was a continuous thin layer of surviving epicardial muscle fibers overlying the @entity1188 (type I). During pacing with CL of 500 vs 200 ms, conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation (theta L) decreased significantly in the infarcted animals compared to control group (10.9% vs 5.2%, p < 0.05) whereas conduction velocity transverse to fiber @entity2270 (theta T) decreased to a similar degree in control and infarcted animals (6.9 vs 7.4%, n.s.). After premature stimulation, there was considerably greater reduction in theta L in infarcted animals than in controls (39.8% vs 31.5%, p < 0.05) whereas theta T decreased to a similar extend in infarcted and control animals (22.2% vs 21.4%, n.s.). During constant rate pacing and premature stimulation, no functional conduction block was induced in type I @entity1188 . In five animals, the transmural @entity1188 clearly extended to the epicardial surface, but continuous strands of surviving epicardial muscle fibers traversed the area of @entity39 (type II). During PES with S2, functional conduction block and areas of very slow conduction were observed in each case. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity63 -reperfusion induced chronic @entity583 , different epicardial patterns of morphology were observed. Anisotropic conduction was frequency dependent in the longitudinal but not in the transverse direction. In type I @entity1188 , functional conduction block was not inducible during PES whereas in type II @entity1188 , prerequisites for reentrant @entity943 like functional conduction block and very slow conduction were induced in each case by single extrastimuli.

title: Anisotropic conduction characteristics in XXXX -reperfusion induced chronic @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']