abstract: The effects of long-term dietary application of garlic (dried powder, 0.5% in weight of standard chow; G group) or linseed oil (2.5%; L group) as well as a combination of both interventions (L + G group) on the life span of @entity101 @entity35 (SHR SP) was investigated. A further group fed with standard chow served as control (C). The dietary interventions were started at the age of three weeks. Besides regular measurements of the systolic arterial blood pressure (oscillometrically at the tail artery) as well as of heart rate and body weight, autopsy and histological investigations were performed. Both diets, and particularly their combination, prolonged life span significantly (mean values (days) C: 434.5 +/- 23.5; G: 453.2 +/- 16.2; L: 470.0 +/- 26.2; L + G: 494.8 +/- 39.2). There was no significant interaction of the factors garlic and linseed oil. Systolic blood pressure as measured during the compensatory stage (data used until the 39th week of life) was significantly lowered by both garlic (mean -5.8 mm Hg), linseed oil (mean -6.3 mm Hg), and their combination (mean -11.3 mm Hg). The animals died as a consequence of congestive left and @entity67 with @entity123 , @entity384 , @entity296 and cellular infiltration, left @entity715 (in most cases), and terminal @entity55 . On the other hand, @entity1294 and signs of @entity64 could not be detected. Except for the degree of @entity1184 , which was lower in the treated groups, no differences were obvious regarding the morphological findings at the time of @entity204 . There was a significant positive correlation between mean blood pressure and the degree of @entity4346 . Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between mean blood pressure and @entity123 on the one hand and survival on the other hand was obvious provided the total number of animals was considered, however, not within the individual groups. The same applies to the relation between the reduction of @entity4346 and life span. The relatively slight @entity551 effect of both dietary interventions as well as the results of previous investigations speaks in favor of a substantial influence of factors independent of blood pressure. In view of controversial results and interpretations in international literature, the mechanisms involved need further study.

title: Prolongation of life span in @entity101 XXXX by dietary interventions. Effects of garlic and linseed oil.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular atrial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Electromagnetic induction (EMI) has been used to map soil properties such as salinity and water content. The objective of this research is to use EMI to map the potential distribution of nutrients around beef @entity291 pens and to relate this distribution to major physiographic field features. Beef @entity291 farms in different physiographic locations were surveyed in Manitoba, Canada, using an EM-38 conductivity meter georeferenced with a GPS receiver. Samples were collected using a response surface design and analysed for electrical conductivity (ECe), which was used as a proxy for determining potential build-up of nutrients. Multiple linear regression models (MLR) were used for calibration of the EM readings. The results showed that areas 1 through 4 had ECe < or = 3.5 @entity4987 ), but areas 5 and 6 exceeded this concentration and reached maximum values of 5.5 and 7.0 dS m(-1), respectively. Higher values in area 6 were probably due to the presence of a rocky layer at 0.3 m depth, leaving a thin soil layer to accumulate the nutrients. @entity308 played a major role in salt accumulation, with the @entity308 corresponding to higher values of ECe. The presence of features such as drainage ditches and compacted soils beneath roads strongly affected the direction of the plumes. Based on these results, the location of the pens on high elevations and the provision to collect the run-off from the pens were identified as good design criteria. Highly permeable soils may require a low permeability liner to capture the deep percolation and redirect it towards a collection area.

title: Assessment of potential nutrient build-up around beef XXXX production areas using electromagnetic induction.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions', 'Micro-depressions']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Bioactive glasses (BGs) are known for their unique ability to bond to living bone. Consequently, the incorporation of BGs into @entity78 cement (CPC) was hypothesized to be a feasible approach to improve the biological performance of CPC. Previously, it has been demonstrated that BGs can successfully be introduced into CPC, with or without @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) microparticles. Although an in vitro physicochemical study on the introduction of BG into CPC was encouraging, the biocompatibility and in vivo bone response to these formulations are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo performance of BG supplemented CPC, either pure or supplemented with @entity7050 microparticles, via both ectopic and orthotopic implantation models in @entity35 . Pre-set scaffolds in four different formulations (1: CPC; 2: CPC/BG; 3: CPC/ @entity7050 ; and 4: CPC/ @entity7050 /BG) were implanted subcutaneously and into femoral condyle defects of @entity35 for 2 and 6 weeks. Upon ectopic implantation, incorporation of BG into CPC improved the soft tissue response by improving capsule and interface quality. Additionally, the incorporation of BG into CPC and CPC/ @entity7050 showed 1.8- and 4.7-fold higher degradation and 2.2- and 1.3-fold higher bone formation in a femoral condyle defect in @entity35 compared to pure @entity4411 and CPC/ @entity7050 , respectively. Consequently, these results highlight the potential of BG to be used as an additive to CPC to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, further confirmation is necessary regarding long-term in vivo studies, which also have to be performed under compromised wound-healing conditions.

title: Incorporation of bioactive glass in XXXX cement: An evaluation.

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: The continuous increase in the number of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) cases for whom no effective therapy is currently possible mandates attempts at developing primary prevention by a vaccine. Two basic unknowns are considered important: the identification of virus-exposed, protected individuals; and the isolation of the antigen which contains epitopes which induce a protective response. Although almost all individuals exposed to @entity1 @entity6494 (HTLV-III) develop antibody, most of these do not have neutralizing antibody. The antigen which can induce the response is the major external glycoprotein, which is highly glycosylated (Mr 120,000). Based on past attempts at developing vaccines against retroviruses, the most feasible configuration will be the glycoprotein linked to its transmembrane protein and assembled into micelles or rosettes by hydrophobic bonding. Any virus preparation containing nucleic acids could be considered less safe. An advanced version of such a viral subunit presentation is matrices composed of immunostimulating complexes. This format could also be useful for the inoculation of sequence determined synthetic peptides or genetically engineered readout products of the viral envelope ( @entity18341 ) gene. Potential problems exist in that there is extensive heterogeneity among various HTLV-III isolates, particularly in the @entity18341 gene. This fact and the known relationship of HTLV-III to some lentiviruses suggest that functional antigenic variation could be encountered. The methodology of developing a vaccine against the retroviruses causing @entity791 should also be helpful in designing vaccine strategies against @entity1 @entity1778 and @entity706 caused by other members of this virus family.

title: Current status and strategies for vaccines against diseases induced by XXXX T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-I, -II, -III).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type III']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity764 resulting from @entity130 is a life-threatening condition. Endovascular therapy is a less invasive treatment modality that may potentially improve @entity1 outcomes. We reviewed our experience with @entity1 who sustained blunt @entity764 distal to the left subclavian artery and presented for open surgical or endovascular repair. METHODS: Between August 1993 and August 2006, 62 @entity1 sustained blunt @entity764 distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery and proceeded to undergo open surgical (n = 48, 77%), or endovascular repair (n = 14, 23%). Revised @entity130 score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), individual associated @entity130 , as well as operative and postoperative outcomes were compared between open surgical and endovascular groups. RESULTS: Age, gender, race, and mechanism of injury did not differ between open surgical and endovascular groups. Additionally, RTS, ISS, and NISS values were not significantly different. The proportion of @entity1 with sternal @entity174 (14% vs 0%), or unstable @entity174 (36% vs 10%) was significantly greater in the endovascular group. Of the @entity1 who received endografts, 93% (n = 13) were evaluated by a cardiothoracic surgeon and assessed to be prohibitive to operative intervention. Endografts utilized included commercially manufactured @entity1514 endografts (n = 6; 43%) and abdominal aortic endograft components (n = 8; 57%). Forty-one interposition grafts were placed in the open surgical group. @entity8 (32% vs 7%), and @entity293 (35% vs 7%) approached significance between surgical and endovascular groups (P = .082 and P = .077, respectively). Intraoperative mortality for the surgical and endovascular groups was 23% and 0%, respectively (P = .056). Endovascular repair was associated with significant reductions in operative time (118 vs 209 minutes), estimated @entity190 (77 vs 3180 ml), and intraoperative blood transfusions (0.9 vs 6.1 units). No endoleaks were detected during a mean follow-up of 9.4 months in the endovascular group. CONCLUSION: Endovascular repair of blunt descending @entity764 utilizing @entity1514 or abdominal endographs is a technically feasible modality that is at least equivalent to open therapy in the short term and associated with a lower intraoperative mortality (P = .056). Endovascular therapy has advantages in operative time, operative @entity190 , and intraoperative blood transfusions.

title: Outcomes of surgical and endovascular treatment of acute traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic injury', 'thoracic aortic injuries']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic injury']


abstract: Although slow and persistent viruses often escape host defenses @entity281 may be prevented by live vaccines. To determine whether an attenuated "slow" strain of the @entity3605 agent (SY) could block expression of a virulent "fast" strain (FU), outbred @entity2659 @entity19 were inoculated intracerebrally with low infectious doses of SY and challenged 80 days later with higher doses of FU. For comparison, the same SY and FU samples were inoculated in two parallel control groups. All 18 superinfected @entity19 showed incubation times identical to those inoculated with only the SY strain, yielding clinical disease >110 days later than predicted for the FU strain. Neurological signs, such as scratching and an extended clinical phase, were also characteristic for SY but not FU @entity281 . Moreover, the widespread cortical pathology of FU was not detectable in superinfected @entity19 . Western blot analyses further showed no strain-specific differences in @entity27465 ( @entity27465 ) band profiles for all experimental groups, although there was approximately 10-fold more protease-resistant @entity27465 ( @entity27465 ) in FU brains during @entity66 . In contrast, infectivity assays revealed an approximately 10,000-fold difference between SY and FU at terminal stages, indicating that @entity27465 content does not correlate with infectivity. In summary, an attenuated strain of the @entity3605 agent evokes substantial interference against a virulent agent. Because superinfected @entity19 had little @entity27465 -res just before the onset of clinical disease and retained abundant cellular @entity27465 , cellular @entity27465 was not the factor limiting FU replication. The mechanisms underlying SY interference are not understood but could be based on host recognition of foreign molecular features shared by this class of invasive agents involving antibody production, and possibly involve defective viral particles produced by attenuated variants.

title: Vaccination with an attenuated XXXX strain prevents expression of a virulent agent.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['terminal disease']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been studied intensively in regenerative medicine. However, their therapeutic potential against @entity5 formation and @entity5 @entity3 is still unclear. The effects of transplantation of MSCs in early-stage of @entity105 , should be evaluated. METHODS: MSC isolated from @entity1 umbilical cord blood (UCB) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) were transplanted in a @entity19 @entity5 @entity3 model. The effects of MSC on @entity5 growth and @entity3 were analyzed. The effects of transplantation of MSC into the @entity19 model at very early stage @entity105 were also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity1 MSC reduced lung @entity3 and inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity0 cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, transplantation of both UCB and @entity1386 MSC into a @entity5 model with no detectable clinical symptoms did not appear to promote @entity5 growth or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: We evaluated the effect of MSC derived from @entity1 UCB and @entity1386 tissue in a @entity5 model. Our findings may help to elucidate the interaction between @entity5 cells and MSC, as well as the application of MSC to clinical trials.

title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in a XXXX @entity0 @entity3 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Many @entity3124 @entity1 in intensive care units suffer from an infection-induced whole body inflammatory state known as @entity295 , which causes severe @entity425 in @entity1 who survive. The mechanisms by which @entity295 triggers @entity425 ( @entity425 ) remain unclear. Currently, research into @entity425 is focused on dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. During electromyographic studies of @entity1 with @entity425 , we noticed that recruitment was limited to few motor units, which fired at low rates. The reduction in motor unit rate modulation suggested that functional @entity6220 contributes to @entity425 . To understand better the mechanism underlying reduced firing motor unit firing rates, we moved to the @entity35 cecal ligation and puncture model of @entity295 . In @entity5161 -anesthetized @entity35 , we studied the response of spinal motoneurons to injected current to determine their capacity for initiating and firing action potentials repetitively. Properties of single action potentials and passive membrane properties of motoneurons from septic @entity35 were normal, suggesting excitability was normal. However, motoneurons exhibited striking dysfunction during repetitive firing. The sustained firing that underlies normal motor unit activity and smooth force generation was slower, more erratic, and often intermittent in septic @entity35 . Our data are the first to suggest that reduced excitability of neurons within the central nervous system may contribute to @entity425 .

title: Reduced motoneuron excitability in a XXXX model of @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['impairment within the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit-acquired weakness', 'weakness', 'ICUAW']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate how single or fractionated doses of radiation change the microenvironment in transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 )-C1 @entity5 with respect to vascularity, @entity519 , and macrophage infiltrates. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity19 prostate @entity19989 -C1 @entity5 were grown in C57BL/6J @entity19 to 4 mm @entity5 diameter and were irradiated with either 25 Gy in a single dose or 60 Gy in 15 fractions. Changes in vascularity, @entity519 , and macrophage infiltrates were assessed by immunohistochemistry and molecular assays. RESULTS: @entity5 growth was delayed for 1 week after both radiation schedules. @entity5 microvascular density (MVD) progressively decreased over a 3-week period to nadirs of 25% and 40% of @entity5 for single or fractionated treatment, respectively. In accord with the decrease in MVDs, mRNA levels of endothelial markers, such as @entity5231 , endoglin, and TIE, decreased over the same time period after irradiation. Central dilated vessels developed surrounded by avascularized @entity519 regions that became infiltrated with aggregates of @entity18901 + @entity5 -associated macrophages, reaching a maximum at 3 weeks after irradiation. Necrotic regions decreased and were more dispersed. CONCLUSION: Irradiation of @entity19989 -C1 @entity5 with either single or fractionated doses decreases MVD, leading to the development of disperse chronic @entity519 regions, which are infiltrated with @entity18901 + @entity5 -associated macrophages. Approaches to interfere in the development of these effects are promising strategies to enhance the efficacy of @entity5 radiotherapy.

title: Radiotherapy decreases vascular density and causes XXXX with macrophage aggregation in @entity19989 -C1 prostate tumors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'unirradiated tumors', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Binding of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) to highly purified short side-chain porcine @entity5089 similar to @entity1 @entity21826 type has been studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), ultrafiltration isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermodynamic equilibrium of @entity3090 binding to mucin has been quantitatively determined using ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/vis. The relationship suggests multilayer binding rather than simple Langmuir monolayer binding of @entity3090 . By combining the ultrafiltration and ITC data, the thermodynamic parameters of @entity3090 binding to mucin have been obtained. The binding constant for the first layer is about an order of magnitude higher than that of the consecutive multilayers. Negative entropy indicates multilayer of @entity3090 formed. @entity3884 bonding may be responsible for the multilayer formation. Increasing temperature resulted in a decrease in the binding affinity, further suggesting that @entity3884 bonds dominated the interaction energy. A TEM micrograph of the @entity3090 -mucin complex revealed a monodispersion of blobs similar to pure mucin solution but with relatively bigger size (about twice). It is proposed that the @entity3090 -mucin binding process occurs by single and/or cluster of @entity3090 molecules driven to the surface of the two hydrophobic globules of mucin by hydrophobic interaction followed by @entity3884 bond interaction between @entity3090 and mucin. Further adsorption of @entity3090 molecules onto bound @entity3090 molecules to form multilayers can also occur. This fits well with the observations that @entity3090 -mucin interaction followed a multilayer adsorption isotherm, the energy released is dominated by @entity3884 bonds, and no large aggregates were formed.

title: Experimental and theoretical studies on the binding of @entity3089 to purified porcine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

answer: @entity5089 :: (4586,Gene) :: ['gastric mucin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity898 has a protective effect against @entity8 as a remote organ after skeletal @entity63 -reperfusion in @entity35 . METHODS: Twenty @entity35 male @entity35 were divided randomly into two experimental groups: group @entity63 -reperfusion (group I) and group @entity63 -reperfusion + @entity898 (group II). After @entity3652 and @entity4763 anesthesia, femoral artery was exposed. All animals were undergone 2h of @entity63 by occlusion femoral artery and 24h of reperfusion. @entity35 that were treated with @entity898 given IV at a dose of 150 mg/kg(-1), immediately before reperfusion. After 24h of reperfusion, the blood samples were collected and submitted for evaluation of plasmatic urea, @entity1011 values and then @entity35 were euthanized and left kidney harvested for histopathological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: The @entity1133 (35  7.84 mg.dL(-1)), @entity1011 (1.46  0.47 mg.dL(-1)) values were significantly lower in group II (P=0.000). Renal histopathologic study in group I showed extensive distal and proximal tubular cells @entity39 and sloughing of epithelial cells into the tubular lumen, cast formation in tubule and glomerul, glomerul @entity82 and @entity548 . Histopathologically, there was a significant difference (p=0.037) between two groups. CONCLUSION: The @entity898 was able to decrease @entity8 induced by skeletal @entity63 reperfusion in @entity35 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX on kidney as a remote organ after skeletal @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity898 :: (MESH:D000111,Chemical) :: ['N-acetylcysteine']


abstract: @entity1593 is a chronic inflammatory disease developing in genetically predisposed individuals. Ingested gliadin, the triggering agent of the disease, can cross the epithelial barrier and elicit a harmful T cell-mediated immune response. Dendritic cells (DC) are supposed to play a pivotal role in shaping the immune response. The direction of the immune response toward immunity or tolerance depends on the stage of maturation and the functional properties of the DC. DC become fully functional APC upon maturation by various stimuli. We investigated the effect of a peptic digest of gliadin on the maturation of @entity1 monocyte-derived DC. Stimulation of cells with gliadin, in contrast with other tested food proteins, led to enhanced expression of maturation markers ( @entity7938 , @entity8730 , @entity2937 , and HLA-DR molecules) and increased secretion of chemokines and cytokines (mainly of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity310 , growth-related oncogene, @entity2842 , @entity12869 , @entity14421 , and @entity5737 ). Maturation was accompanied by a greater capacity to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic T cells and significantly reduced endocytic activity. Furthermore, gliadin-induced phosphorylation of members of three MAPK families ( @entity1366 , @entity4675 , and p38 MAPK) was demonstrated. The largest contribution of p38 MAPK was confirmed using its inhibitor @entity1441 , which markedly down-regulated the gliadin-triggered up-regulation of maturation markers and cytokine production. Gliadin treatment also resulted in increased @entity2451 /DNA binding activity of @entity2451 and @entity9135 subunits. Taken together, gliadin peptides can contribute to overcoming the stage of unresponsiveness of immature DC by inducing phenotypic and functional DC maturation, resulting in more efficient processing and presentation of gliadin peptides to specific T lymphocytes.

title: Gliadin fragments induce phenotypic and functional maturation of XXXX dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity14421 :: ('6367', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-derived chemokine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In 1999 an accidental contamination of feed occurred in Belgium. This incident lead Authorities to increase monitoring levels of @entity3215 ( @entity5241 ) in food of animal origin. In our Department 220 samples of @entity1707 tissues, meat and adipose tissue, were analysed. The quantitation of @entity5241 was made from the sum of 7 congeners obtained by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Confirmatory analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The @entity3215 in the majority of samples were close to the method limit of detection and only a few samples had @entity5241 concentrations > the limit of quantitation. In those tissues the average concentration of @entity3215 was 0.035 mg/kg. The legal limit of 0.200 mg @entity5241 /kg established by the European Union was exceeded by only 1 sample, a smoked ham from Belgium. This sample showed the presence of all selected congeners. We report the profile of the @entity5241 congeners in this sample.

title: Distribution of XXXX in contaminated @entity1707 tissue.

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity3215 :: (MESH:D011078,Chemical) :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy of linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on prognostic factors, local control rate and survival in @entity1 with brain @entity3 . @entity1 with either a single @entity3 or up to 4 multiple brain metastases with a maximum @entity5 diameter of 40 mm for each @entity5 and a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) > or = 70 were eligible for SRS. SRS was applied to 150 lesions in 86 consecutive @entity1 with a median age of 60 years (median 1 and mean 1.7 lesions per @entity1 , mean KPS 86). Median overall survival was 6.2 months after SRS and 9.7 months from diagnosis of brain @entity3 . Multivariate analysis revealed that a KPS of 90 or more (p = 0.009) and female sex (p = 0.003) were associated with a longer survival. Radiation dose < or = 15 Gy (p = 0.017) and KPS < 90 (p = 0.013) were independent predictors of a shorter time to local failure. Five @entity1 showed evidence of radionecrosis with a median survival of 14.8 months. Addition of WBRT neither led to improvement of survival nor to improvement of local control. Improved local control following SRS for brain metastases was associated with KPS > or =90, a radiation dose > 15 Gy and a @entity343 < 13 cc. The potential of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases of larger volume warrants further study.

title: Relationship between volume, dose and local control in stereotactic radiosurgery of brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study retrospectively late complications and biochemical control in @entity1 treated with three-dimensional conformal external-beam radiotherapy for @entity263 administered using hypofractionation vs. a standard fractionation regimen. The hypofractionation regimen (Hypo) was designed to avoid more late rectal reactions and to be done in half as many treatment sessions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-nine nonrandomized @entity1 chose Hypo delivered in 20 fractions of 3 Gy (n = 52) or 3.15 Gy (n = 37) for a median overall treatment time of 33 days. One hundred thirty comparable @entity1 were contemporaneously treated with standard fractionation to a median dose of 78 Gy delivered over 55 days. The median follow-up time was 49 months (range, 24-73 months). RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rates were 96%, 84%, and 85% for low-, medium-, and high-risk disease in the Hypo group, respectively. The respective rates in the standard fractionation group were 98%, 84%, and 87%, with no statistical difference between the two groups. The rate of rectal Grade 2-4 complications was 5.5% in both treatment groups and of urinary Grade 2-4 complications was 5.6% in the Hypo and 3% in the standard group (p = 0.36). Similarly, there were no statistical differences in the rate of late complications between @entity1 treated with 3 Gy/fraction vs. 3.15 Gy/fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results showed that the Hypo regimen is feasible and does not reduce biochemical control compared with standard fractionation. The incidence of late complications was not increased when the @entity5 normalized total doses at 2Gy/fraction was increased from 77.1 to 83.7 Gy in @entity1 treated with either 3 or 3.15 Gy/fraction in the Hypo group, respectively.

title: Late outcomes following hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy vs. standard fractionation for XXXX : a nonrandomized contemporary comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity8452 receptor (RyR) @entity141 release channel is the target of @entity13131 insecticides, which show selective insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the species-specific action of @entity13131 insecticides, we have cloned and characterized the entire cDNA sequence of RyR from @entity3530 (named as OfRyR). The OfRyR mRNA has an Open Reading Frame of 15324 bp @entity2036 and encodes a 5108 @entity535 polypeptide that displays 79-97% identity with other insects RyR proteins and shows the greatest identity with @entity14870 RyR (97%). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the OfRyR was expressed at the lowest level in egg and the highest level in adult. The relative expression level of OfRyR in first, third and fifth-instar larva were 1.28, 1.19 and 1.99 times of that in egg. Moreover, two alternative splicing sites were identified in the OfRyR gene. One pair of mutually exclusive exons (a/b) were present in the central part of the predicted SPRY domain, and an optional exon (c) was located between the third and fourth RyR domains. Diagnostic PCR demonstrated that exons a and b existed in all developmental stages of OfRyR cDNA, but exon c was not detected in the egg cDNA. And the usage frequencies of these exons showed a significant difference between different developmental stages. These results provided the crucial basis for the functional expression of OfRyR and for the discovery of compound with potentially selective insect activtity.

title: Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiling of a @entity8452 receptor gene in XXXX , @entity3530 (Guen  e).

entities_list: @entity14870 :: ('437488', 'Species') :: ['Cnaphalocrocis medinalis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity3530 :: ('93504', 'Species') :: ['Ostrinia furnacalis']

answer: @entity3530 :: (93504,Species) :: ['Asian corn borer']


abstract: The effectiveness of @entity594 for the treatment of acute @entity101 episodes in @entity1 already taking chronic @entity460 -channel blocker therapy is unknown. We report our experience with 43 consecutive @entity1 who received @entity594 for acute @entity101 episodes in the coronary care unit. Of the 43 @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ), 23 (53 percent) were taking chronic (greater than 2 mo) @entity460 -channel blocker therapy. @entity594 10 mg capsules were chewed and swallowed with repeat doses given at hourly intervals if necessary. Target BP was 140/90 mm Hg, which was achieved in 31 of 43 @entity1 (72 percent). In @entity1 already taking @entity460 -channel blockers, target BP was achieved in 18 of 23 @entity1 (78 percent). Response in @entity1 not taking chronic @entity460 -channel blockers was observed in 13 of 20 @entity1 (65 percent). Overall, adverse effects occurred in 16 of 43 @entity1 (37 percent): 11 of 23 @entity1 (48 percent) taking @entity460 -channel blockers, and 5 of 20 @entity1 (25 percent) not taking @entity460 -channel blockers. @entity594 is equally effective in lowering BP in @entity1 taking @entity460 -channel blockers as it is in @entity1 not taking them. Although associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects in @entity1 already taking @entity460 -channel blockers, these effects were not considered serious. @entity594 is an effective agent in acute @entity101 episodes, even in @entity1 receiving chronic @entity460 -channel blocker therapy.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity101 episodes in the coronary care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['Nifedipine']


abstract: This study examined tongue function and its relation to swallowing in 13 subjects with oral or @entity5 treated with primary radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy and 13 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Measures of swallowing and tongue function were obtained using videofluoroscopy, pretreatment and 2 months posttreatment. Maximum isometric strength and endurance at 50% of maximum strength were obtained with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Control subjects were tested once. All subjects with @entity135 were evaluated pretreatment and 2 months posttreatment. No significant differences were found for the tongue function measures pre- and 2 months posttreatment in the group with @entity135 . Significantly higher tongue strength was observed in the control than in the group with @entity135 both pre- and posttreatment. No significant differences were found for the 2 groups for tongue endurance measures. Significant correlations of tongue strength and endurance and some swallow measures were found pre- and posttreatment for the group with @entity135 and for the control group. These correlations included oral and pharyngeal temporal swallow measures and oropharyngeal swallow efficiency. Pretreatment differences between the 2 groups in tongue strength were likely related to @entity5 bulk, @entity158 , and soreness. Two-month posttreatment differences were likely related to radiation +/- chemotherapy changes to the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. This study provides support for the hypothesis that tongue strength plays a role in oropharyngeal swallowing, particularly related to the oral phase of the swallow.

title: Swallowing and tongue function following treatment for oral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of liver resection for hepatic @entity3 from @entity189 has yet to be clarified. The present study examines a single institutional experience of hepatic resection for noncolorectal @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: From January 1987 to March 1999, 14 @entity1 underwent curative resection for liver @entity3 from @entity189 . Records of these @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: Resections were performed for liver @entity3 from @entity356 (n = 8), @entity788 (n = 2), and @entity5 of bile duct, the papilla of Vater, kidney, and breast (n = 1, each). Six @entity1 (5 with @entity356 and 1 with @entity788 ) presented with @entity66 and 8 with @entity66 . In the @entity356 @entity1 , there are 2 disease-free survivors (26 and 53 months) in the metachronous group, though all of the 5 @entity1 with @entity66 died within 29 months. All of the 4 @entity1 with @entity189 died within 2 years. One case of @entity0 and another of @entity1358 are alive without disease at 49 and 9 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity3 from @entity356 , better survival after hepatic resection is expected in metachronous cases than in synchronous cases. Hepatic resection may afford little benefit for @entity1 with liver @entity3 from @entity5 .

title: Hepatic resection for XXXX from @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous disease', 'synchronous disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancretobiliary cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary carcinomas', 'noncolorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study of monozygotic twins can elucidate possible environmental causes for a disease in genetically identical subjects. To this end, we studied a pair of monozygotic female twins appearing discordant for @entity303 of the @entity195 ( @entity7712 ). DESIGN: Clinical and neuroimaging findings were compared in terms of potential environmental risk factors. SETTING: University referral center. @entity1 : An 81-year-old female monozygotic twin pair. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical assessments, standardized rating scales, and brain imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography, were performed. Neuropsychological tests were performed initially and after 1 year. RESULTS: Although @entity7712 was confirmed clinically in only one twin, neuropsychological and brain imaging studies suggested that the unaffected twin may be developing the prodrome of @entity7712 . The twins' varied life histories suggest that environmental risk factors may contribute to apparent discordance for @entity7712 and possible delay in disease onset for the currently nondemented twin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both genetic and nongenetic factors influence disease onset and expression. Moreover, review of previous reports of monozygotic twin pairs concordant or discordant for @entity195 , with adequate family history data, suggest a pattern indicating interactions among age at @entity303 onset, sex, and familiarity. Such patterns point to hypotheses regarding neurobiologically meaningful @entity195 subgroups.

title: Clinical, neuroimaging, and environmental risk differences in monozygotic female twins appearing discordant for @entity303 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer type']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of @entity1245 consumers who present a mayor @entity308 and to observe the clinical evolution after restoring an antidepressive treatment. DESIGN: An observational design with a transversal character to determine the prevalence of the @entity308 and a pre and after intervention to observe the answer to the treatment. SETTING: Primary Care. @entity1 : @entity1 of the Centro de Salud Zona IV of Albacete who consume @entity1245 (size of the sample: 91 subjects, selected by means of a consecutive pattern in three medical offices of general practice). INTERVENTION: To install an antidepressive treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We explored the presence of nuclear symptoms of @entity308 by means of a interview. The other analyzed variables were: the cognitive state, the characteristics of the consume of @entity1245 , the problems of health, the intake of other medicines, the frequentation, the installation of the antidepressive treatment and the sociodemographic characteristics. The @entity1 diagnosed of mayor @entity308 were interviewed again after one month and after three months. 37 @entity1 presented criterion of mayor @entity308 (40.7%) (CI 95%: 30.5-51.5). In these an antidepressive treatment was restored, corresponding to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in the 91.9% of the occasions. The proportion of @entity308 @entity1 was higher in @entity1 (p = 0.04) and under the diagnosed @entity1 we observed a lower period of @entity1245 consume (p = 0.02), although with a much higher daily consume (p = 0.01). Among the 37 @entity1 who initiated the treatment, only 7 presented adverse reaction. 28 @entity1 were appraised after one month, presenting 6 of them 5 or more nuclear symptoms of @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of mayor @entity308 frames can justify the systematic investigation of such disorder in @entity1245 consumers, specially in @entity1 and in @entity1 with a high intake. The identification of the nuclear symptoms can be considered as a useful technique to orientate a mayor @entity308 and to evaluate also the results of an antidepressive treatment.

title: [ XXXX in consumers of @entity1245 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Major depression']


abstract: Penetrating keratoplasties in @entity6781 were added to a group with limited prognosis. This was especially valuable, if iris-supported and anterior chamber intraocular lenses were implanted. Since today mainly posterior chamber lenses are implanted, the question of the long-term prognosis in this type of lens is important. @entity1 AND METHOD: From 1985 to 1994, 62 penetrating keratoplasties in @entity735 with posterior chamber IOL were performed: group I: decompensated @entity13189 (26 @entity1 ), group II: secondary surgery-related @entity2372 (36 @entity1 ) exclusively. Minimal follow-up was 18 months, mean age was 73.7 years. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 32 months. The mean visual acuity on delivery was 0.11. After 6 months it was 0.23, after 1 year 0.3, after 2 years 0.35 and after 3 years 0.41 without significant differences in either group. Two years after transplantation 52.8% gained a visual acuity (VA) of > or = 0.3, after 3 years 58.6% of which 41.1% had a VA of > or = 0.5. There was a visual improvement in 83.4%; the mean spherical equivalent was -0.29 D. @entity2516 within 2 D of emmetropia were found in 56.7%; 95.1% of the grafts remained clear. Five @entity1 had a reversible graft rejection. Extracorneal factors of @entity227 were observed in 25 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite a different VA before surgery, the visual outcome in the two groups was identical. Penetrating keratoplasty in @entity13189 and @entity2372 with posterior chamber IOL have a much better long-term prognosis than those with iris-supported and anterior chamber IOL. @entity260 and graft rejections are rare.

title: [Keratoplasty of @entity735 with posterior chamber lenses in XXXX and @entity2372 . Long-term outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakia']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['secondary bullous keratopathy', 'bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs dystrophy']

answer: @entity13189 :: (MESH:D005642,Disease) :: ['Fuchs' dystrophy']


abstract: The plant hormone, @entity15150 (GA), regulates plant growth and development. It was first isolated as a superelongation-promoting @entity5730 from the fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi. G. fujikuroi uses different GA biosynthetic intermediates from those in plants to produce GA3. Another class of GA-producing fungus, Phaeosphaeria sp. L487, synthesizes GA1 by using the same intermediates as those in plants. A molecular analysis of GA biosynthesis in Phaeosphaeria sp. has revealed that @entity10085 cyclase and @entity12325 monooxygenases were involved in the plant-like biosynthesis of GA1. Fungal ent- @entity50993 synthase is a bifunctional cyclase. Subsequent oxidation steps are catalyzed by P450s, leading to biologically active GA1. GA biosynthesis in plants is divided into three steps involving soluble enzymes and membrane-bound @entity12325 . The activation of plant GAs is catalyzed by soluble @entity15706 -dependent dioxygenases, which is in contrast to the catalysis of fungal GA biosynthesis. This difference suggests that the origin of fungal GA biosynthesis is evolutionally independent of that in plants.

title: Biochemical and molecular analyses of XXXX biosynthesis in fungi.

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity10085 :: ('CHEBI:35190', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpene']

entities_list: @entity5730 :: ('CHEBI:23849', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

answer: @entity15150 :: (CHEBI:28833,Chemical) :: ['gibberellin']


abstract: A @entity235 model of unilobar papain-induced @entity2415 was used to examine the extent to which differences in alveolar pressures (PA) would develop between an emphysematous right lower lobe (RLL) and normal left lower lobe (LLL) during forced vital capacity (FVC) deflation. RLL and LLL PA (PARLL and PALLL, respectively) were measured by the alveolar capsule technique. During forced deflation, PA and lobar flows were determined between 95 and 20% FVC. A choke point common to both lower lobes was observed at > 40% FVC. The results showed that deflation compliance (C) was altered for the RLL such that <90% lobar vital capacity, CRLL > CLLL, whereas >90% lobar vital capacity, CRLL < CLLL. At 95 and 90% FVC, the initial RLL PA decline was greater than that for the LLL (P < 0.05). However, large differences in PA were prevented because of the effect of @entity450 ( @entity450 ). @entity450 caused a relative decrease in RLL flows and increase in LLL flows that limited PA differences. Between 80 and 50% FVC, as CRLL became greater than CLLL, and because of the initial effect of @entity450 , PARLL was approximately PALLL. At < and = 40% FVC, without @entity450 , lobar differences in PA widened. These findings indicate that @entity450 may affect the dynamics of flow limitation in regional lung disease.

title: Mechanism of lobar alveolar pressure decline during forced deflation in XXXX regional @entity2415 .

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['IREF', 'interdependence of regional expiratory flow']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of different hemoglobin targets when using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on quality of life are somewhat controversial, and predictors of change in quality of life in endstage @entity8 have not been well characterized. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Five hundred ninety-six incident hemodialysis @entity1 without symptomatic @entity299 were randomly assigned to hemoglobin targets of 9.5 to 11.5 g/dl or 13.5 to 14.5 g/dl for 96 weeks, using epoetin_alfa as primary therapy. @entity1 and attending physicians were masked to treatment assignment. Quality of life, a secondary outcome, was prospectively recorded using the @entity8 Quality of Life (KDQoL) questionnaire at weeks 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96, with prespecified outcomes being @entity1295 and quality of social interaction. RESULTS: The mean age and prior duration of dialysis therapy of the study population were 50.8 and 0.8 yr. Mortality was low, reflecting the relatively healthy group enrolled. Of 20 domains within the KDQoL only the prespecified domain of @entity1295 showed significant change over time between the two groups. Improvement in @entity1295 scores in the high-target group ranged from 3.2 to 7.9 over time (P = 0.007) compared with change in the low-target group. Higher body mass index and lower @entity1307 dose at baseline were independent predictors of improvement in multiple KDQoL domains. CONCLUSIONS: In relatively healthy hemodialysis @entity1 , normal hemoglobin targets may have beneficial effects on @entity1295 . Improvement in multiple domains of quality of life is associated with higher body mass index and lower @entity1307 requirements.

title: XXXX therapy, hemoglobin targets, and quality of life in healthy hemodialysis @entity1 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['Erythropoietin']


abstract: The effects of @entity1855 and @entity1854 on smooth muscle strips from the floor of the reticular groove of adult @entity291 were studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strips was recorded isometrically. Depolarization was induced with cumulative @entity4338 concentrations (8.8-42.4 mmol/l) in Tyrode solution. This response was extracellular @entity141 dependent. @entity1855 and @entity1854 caused a concentration dependent reduction of the @entity4338 -induced contraction of the reticular groove muscle preparations; their IC50 were 3.9 x 10(-6) mol/l and 1.4 x 10(-4) mol/l, respectively. Pre-incubation with both antagonists (30 min) before @entity4338 addition showed that @entity1854 (10(-6) mol/l) did not affect, but @entity1855 (10(-6) mol/l) inhibited the @entity4338 response of the muscle preparations. @entity3282 caused a concentration dependent (0.25-7 mmol/l) contraction of the @entity4338 -depolarized muscle strips. Pre-incubation with @entity1855 (10(-6) mol/l) and @entity1854 (10(-6) mol/l) before @entity3282 addition inhibited the response for about 80% and 20% respectively. These results indicate that action of @entity1855 may be related to voltage-dependent channel blockade. However, the @entity1854 action could not be completely attributed to these channels.

title: Effect of @entity1855 and @entity1854 on the potassium contracture of smooth muscle strips from the reticular groove of adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: To identify factors associated with the performance of a neonatal autopsy, we surveyed autopsy practice patterns in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit for 1 year. After 56 neonatal deaths, 33 (59%) autopsies were performed. We used multivariable analysis to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of @entity1 who had an autopsy with those who did not. We found two variables to be negatively correlated with having an autopsy performed: birth @entity1763 (p < 0.05) and Medicaid coverage (p < 0.05). Early @entity204 (< or = 2 days of age) was not correlated with lack of an autopsy. @entity358 occurred more often in the group having autopsy. However, only birth @entity1763 was significantly correlated with lack of an autopsy after adjusting for other variables in the analysis. The primary cause of @entity204 was not associated with performance of an autopsy. We found no significant association between consent for autopsy and the characteristics of the physician requesting it. These data suggest that the @entity1 's socioeconomic status and diagnosis may influence parental consent for autopsy. There may be other characteristics of physicians who request it, parents who consent, or other socioeconomic factors influencing consent for the neonatal autopsy.

title: Characteristics of XXXX who undergo neonatal autopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: This 2-year follow-up study explores aspects of body image after mastectomy due to @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study included 76 @entity1 living in northern Sweden who, during November 2006 to October 2007, underwent mastectomy due to @entity0 . The @entity1 completed a questionnaire entitled "Life After Mastectomy (LAM)" 10 months after the mastectomy and again 2 years later. We used SPSS version 18.0 for data processing and analysis. RESULTS: The findings indicate that few significant changes in body image had taken place during the 2-year interval between the first and second completion of the questionnaire. An exception was a significant decrease in feelings of sexual attractiveness and comfort during sexual intimacy. At follow-up, 21% of the @entity1 had undergone breast reconstruction (BR). They were significantly younger than the @entity1 who had not had BR (53 vs. 63 years). Besides being younger, no other significant differences could be found between those @entity1 who had undergone BR and those who had not. The fact that the decrease in sexual attractiveness and feelings of comfort during sexual intimacy also applied to the subgroup of @entity1 who had had BR may therefore be surprising. A better understanding of issues related to @entity0 treatment and sexual function is vital. CONCLUSION: It is important for health care professionals to be aware of problems related to sexual intimacy and to be prepared not just to provide information about these, but also to reflect on expectations vs. reality together with the @entity1 .

title: Aspects of body image after mastectomy due to XXXX - a two-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to determine central corneal thickness in normal subjects, glaucomatous @entity1 and @entity2790 @entity1 , to evaluate if the central corneal thickness is related to the presence of @entity726 or @entity2790 . Furthermore, we aim to verify the relationship between central corneal thickness and severity of @entity227 . METHODS: comparative study including 150 eyes of 150 subjects, separated into three groups: normal (47 eyes), @entity2790 (35) and glaucomatous (68). This last group was subdividided in three subgroups depending on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria for scoring Humphrey @entity227 (initial, moderate and advanced). We evaluated the visual field, the central corneal thickness measured by pachymetry and the intraocular pressure measured by Goldmann tonometry. Results were analysed using the Student's t-test for normally distributed independent samples. RESULTS: the central corneal thickness was 526+/-25 microns (mean +/-standard deviation (SD)) in glaucomatous @entity1 , 560+/-27 microns in @entity2790 @entity1 , and 556+/-27 microns in the normal group. Statistical significance could be found between the glaucomatous group of @entity1 and the other groups (p< 0.01), but not between the @entity2790 group and normal subjects (p= 0.4). The comparison between central corneal thickness of the subgroup with advanced damage of the visual field and the two other subgroups was also statistically significant (p< 0.01), but not between the subgroups of @entity16 and moderate damage (p= 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: the central corneal thickness in glaucomatous @entity1 is lower than in normal subjects and in @entity2790 @entity1 . @entity1 classified as having advanced damage in their visual field have significantly lower central corneal thickness measurements than @entity1 classified as having initial or moderate damage.

title: [Relationship between central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and severity of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['initial damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the correlation between the expression of stem cell makers and prognosis in @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Eligible studies evaluating the correlation between stem cell makers and prognosis were selected based on the references in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries. Outcome measures included overall survival, relevant pathological parameters. Meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 5.0. RESULTS: Seventeen eligible articles involving 3098 @entity1 were included. Meta-analysis showed @entity1759 expression is not significant difference of 5-year overall survival rate (OR=0.69, p=0.22) and relevant clinical parameters, such as histological grade (OR=1.98, p=0.06), dukes grade (OR=0.77, p=0.43) and @entity3 (OR=1.03, p=0.89). Likewise, there is no correlation between CD44v6 and dukes stage (OR=0.56, p=0.23), @entity3 (OR= 2.81, p=0.33), except for histological grade (OR=0.48, p=0.02). However, CD44v6 positive cells (OR=0.36, p=0.02) were significantly associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Based on current retrospective evidence, a stem cell maker, @entity1759 cannot become a prognostic marker in @entity14 . In contrast, CD44v6, an isoform of @entity1759 plays a significant role to predict clinic outcome.

title: Prognostic significance of relevant markers of cancer stem cells in XXXX - a meta analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Several recent studies have indicated that cells at the invasive @entity5 margins often are different from cells within other parts of various @entity1 @entity5 . In this work, we have studied all @entity957 registered in Norway during the years 1963-1972 (N = 96). Borderline cases and cases given no treatment were excluded. Of the remaining 79 cases, biopsy specimens acceptable for histological grading were obtained from 61 @entity1 . Only the most invasive margins of the @entity5 were histologically graded independently by two pathologists according to a multifactorial grading system. The results confirmed our previous findings that grading of invasive @entity5 margins is an independent prognostic factor in Cox's multivariate survival analysis (P less than 0.01). Inter-observer agreement was calculated by kappa statistics, and good agreement was obtained (kappa = 0.63). Neither agreement nor prognostic value was improved after calibration of the pathologists. Conventional Borders' grading of the whole biopsy had no prognostic value (P less than 0.38). We conclude that invasive cell grading may be of value for treatment planning of @entity5 , and that further studies of the deep, invasive parts of oral and other @entity5 are needed in order to obtain a better understanding of @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 .

title: Malignancy grading of the deep invasive margins of XXXX has high prognostic value.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The conventional replacement therapy in @entity5343 ( @entity5343 ) does not restore the normal diurnal @entity701 rhythm. We explored the feasibility and safety of continuous s.c. @entity701 infusion (CSHI) as a novel mode of glucocorticoid replacement therapy. DESIGN AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity5343 were treated with CSHI in an open-labelled clinical study for up to three months. Adequacy of glucocorticoid replacement was assessed by 24 h blood and saliva sampling in one @entity1 and by salivary @entity701 day curves in six outpatients. Subjective health status was monitored by the Short Form-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: CSHI re-established the circadian variation and normal levels of @entity701 in the @entity1 , with minor day-to-day variation. Most of the @entity1 could reduce their glucocorticoid dose considerably without adverse reactions. The treatment was well tolerated and positively evaluated by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CSHI is technically feasible and safe in @entity1 with @entity5343 . A daily dose of approximately 10 mg/m(2) body surface area/day restores the circadian variation and normal levels of salivary @entity701 in most @entity1 , which is close to the estimated daily requirement. We hypothesise that selected @entity1 will benefit from restoration of the circadian @entity701 rhythm.

title: Continuous subcutaneous @entity701 infusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity5343 :: (MESH:D000224,Disease) :: ['Addison's disease']


abstract: @entity2490 are present in approximately 70% of subjects with @entity239 and @entity5815 (FM/CFS). Because only 35% to 50% have positive @entity566 skin tests, nonallergic mechanisms may also play a role. To better understand the mechanisms of nonallergic @entity2490 in FM/CFS, nasal lavages were performed, and markers of @entity455 , glandular secretion, and neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration measured in 27 nonallergic FM/CFS, 7 @entity2023 , 7 @entity1577 , and 9 normal subjects. @entity2023 subjects had significantly increased @entity455 (IgG) and ECP levels. @entity1577 subjects had significantly higher elastase and total protein levels. There were no significant differences between FM/CFS and normal lavage fluids. Analysis of the constituents of nasal mucus provides information about ongoing secretory processes in @entity2490 . There were no differences in the basal secretion of these markers of @entity455 , submucosal gland serous cell secretion, eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation in nonallergic FM/CFS subjects. This suggests that constitutively active secretory processes that regulate continuous production of nasal secretions are not altered in FM/CFS. Future studies should examine alternative mechanisms such as inducible, irritant-activated, or reflex-mediated effects.

title: Nasal secretion analysis in @entity2023 , XXXX , and nonallergic @entity239 / @entity5815 subjects.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular permeability']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'Rhinitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: JAK-STAT is a rational drug target in @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) given its association with @entity4016 / @entity20096 mutations and aberrant inflammatory cytokine expression. We conducted a Phase 1/2 trial of @entity29982 , a potent @entity7821 inhibitor, in @entity1 with high- or intermediate-risk primary or post- @entity6582 vera/ @entity4407 . Pre-planned safety and efficacy analysis has been completed for the initial 60 @entity1 . In the dose-escalation phase (n=21), the maximum-tolerated dose was 300 mg/day based on reversible grade 3 @entity10 and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia. Twenty-one and 18 additional @entity1 were accrued at two biologically effective doses, 300 mg/day and 150 mg/day, respectively. @entity417 and spleen responses, per International Working Group criteria, were 59% and 48%, respectively. Among 33 @entity1 who were red cell-transfused in the month prior to study entry, 70% achieved a minimum 12-week period without transfusions (range 4.7->18.3 months). Most @entity1 experienced constitutional symptoms improvement. Grade 3/4 adverse reactions included @entity882 (32%), hyperlipasemia (5%), elevated liver transaminases (3%) and @entity10 (3%). New-onset treatment-related @entity1897 was observed in 22% of @entity1 (sensory symptoms, grade 1). @entity29982 is well tolerated and produces significant @entity417 , spleen and symptom responses in @entity4018 @entity1 . Plasma cytokine and gene expression studies suggested a broad anticytokine drug effect.

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity29982 , a JAK1 and @entity4016 inhibitor, in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia MF']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and acceptability of a three-injection insulin regimen with the conventional two-injection therapy in an unselected population of @entity6 adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Some 205 @entity1 aged 10-18 yr with @entity1723 , who were previously treated with two daily insulin injections, were included without any selection into a randomized trial. They were either switched to three (regular prebreakfast, regular prelunch, and [regular+ultralente] predinner) or remained on two ([regular+intermediary] prebreakfast and predinner) subcutaneous injections. They were evaluated after 1 yr of treatment. The major criteria of outcome of efficacy were the concentration of GHb, the frequency of severe @entity4053 and DKA, and body weight. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 82% accepted the three-injection regimen, and 83% accepted the two-injection regimen. At entry into the trial, no significant differences appeared between the two treatment groups nor among @entity1 refusing the allocated regimen. Significant explanatory variables predicting @entity6 control were duration of disease and adherence to diet. GHb, decreased from 9.8 +/- 0.1 to 9.3 +/- 0.2% (P < 0.05) in the three-injection group, whereas it increased from 9.5 +/- 0.3 to 9.8 +/- 0.3% (P < 0.05) in the two-injection group, resulting in a modest (0.75%) but significant difference (P < 0.05) between GHb change in the two groups. The difference reached 1.4% (P < 0.0002) in @entity1 with GHb > 11.2% at entry. The frequency of @entity4053 and DKA was similar in the two groups. None of the parameters known to potentially influence glycemic control changed during the trial, and, therefore, the improvement of GHb could be attributed to the pattern of daily insulin distribution per se. CONCLUSIONS: In the general @entity6 adolescent population, the efficacy of a three-injection regimen is somewhat superior to that of a conventional two-injection regimen, particularly in @entity1 previously poorly controlled. The acceptability of this regimen being excellent, its increased use should be considered in this age-group.

title: Improvement of XXXX control and acceptability of a three-injection insulin regimen in @entity6 adolescents. A multicenter controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['initial diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We evaluated the @entity137 and activity of @entity136 (Gemzar; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and @entity3003 on a 3-week (trial A) versus a 4-week (trial B) schedule in @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1149 . Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 in trial A received @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus @entity3003 area under the curve of 5 on day 1, every 3 weeks. In trial B, @entity1 received @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 and @entity3003 area under the curve of 6 on day 1, every 4 weeks. Thirty @entity1 were enrolled in trial A and 28 in trial B. @entity1 received a total of 142 cycles in trial A and 134 in trial B. Despite more frequent treatment delays (82 cycles in trial B and 20 cycles in trial A), and dose reductions/omissions (mainly on day 15), @entity136 mean dose intensities of both schedules were similar. The principal dose-limiting @entity137 was grade 3/4 @entity882 . Objective response rates were 40% in trial A and 68% in trial B (no complete response). @entity136 and @entity3003 administered on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks is associated with lower myelotoxicity than that of a 4-week schedule, although both schedules were active against @entity1149 . Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 10):10-14.

title: A prospective study of XXXX and @entity3003 as first-line therapy in advanced @entity1149 : @entity137 of a three- versus a four-week schedule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Current therapies for advanced @entity263 lead to a marked decrease in serum @entity251 levels, which renders @entity1 impotent. In preliminary studies, combination therapy with @entity12194 and @entity585 has been used as an alternative therapy for the treatment of @entity263 because potency can be preserved. Both of these agents can cause @entity247 and breast/nipple tenderness. METHODS: Six @entity1 being treated for advanced @entity263 with @entity12194 / @entity585 combination therapy developed painful @entity247 , which was treated with @entity440 10 to 30 mg/day for 1 month. Clinical follow-up included breast measurements and determination of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ), @entity251 , and @entity53 levels. RESULTS: While on this combination therapy for @entity263 , 4 of 6 @entity1 experienced a decrease in @entity1486 level to less than 0.5 ng/mL. All @entity1 remained potent. Serum @entity251 increased in each @entity1 who had a baseline level drawn. @entity53 levels were noted to be elevated in 4 of 6 @entity1 at the time of evaluation for @entity247 . After treatment with @entity440 , circulating @entity53 levels increased in 3 @entity1 from 1.3 to 2.2 times the baseline level. Five @entity1 experienced complete resolution of breast and nipple @entity158 on @entity440 10 mg/day within the first month. The other @entity1 had to be treated with 30 mg/day for 1 additional month, which subsequently resulted in @entity158 resolution. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that low-dose @entity440 is useful in treating painful @entity247 for those @entity1 on @entity12194 / @entity585 combination therapy for advanced @entity263 .

title: @entity440 for @entity12194 / XXXX -induced @entity247 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extrahepatic metastasis represents a frequent pattern of disease progression when @entity10049 (FUDR) is given by the intraarterial route for the treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Systemic @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity4181 was added to intrahepatic FUDR to prolong the duration of disease control. METHODS: Only @entity1 with @entity14 who had evidence of unresectable metastases confined to the liver were eligible. Laparotomy was performed to establish arterial perfusion of the liver. Cycles of intrahepatic FUDR followed by a 1-week rest period then intravenous chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 were administered until maximal regression of hepatic metastases. Maintenance chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 was then given until disease progression. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 entered this trial; four @entity1 (7%) were ineligible and 13 (23%) did not receive any chemotherapy on study because of findings at laparotomy. The 40 eligible @entity1 who began chemotherapy are included in the statistical analyses. Twenty-five @entity1 (62% of those who received chemotherapy) experienced regression of liver metastases. The median time to @entity5 progression was 9 months, but only 3% remained progression-free at 24 months. The median survival duration was 18 months. @entity137 was tolerable with no cases of @entity253 . One treatment-related fatality due to @entity295 was observed. CONCLUSION: Although short-term treatment results appear to be somewhat better than we have previously observed with intrahepatic FUDR alone, the sequential regimen did not have an impact on long-term, progression-free survival in @entity1 with unresectable liver metastases. We are now investigating this regimen as surgical adjuvant therapy in selected @entity1 following hepatic metastasectomy where this aggressive approach might have a greater therapeutic effect in the minimal residual disease setting.

title: Sequential intrahepatic @entity10049 and systemic XXXX plus @entity4181 for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 confined to the liver.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: To obtain cDNAs for analysis of @entity19453 gene transcription in @entity35 models of @entity1 disease, we screened a @entity35 intestinal cDNA library in lambda ZAPII using an upstream non-tandem repeat cDNA fragment of the @entity1 @entity5091 gene (Gum, J., Hicks, J., Toribara, N., Rothe, E., Lagace, R., and Y., K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21375-21383). Three cDNAs, 1-1, 8-1, and 21-1, were isolated. A translation start site was found in cDNA 21-1. Combined @entity377 sequence for the three cDNAs contained an open reading frame spanning 4546 base pairs. This @entity1472 -terminal sequence contains a non-tandem repeat domain enriched in @entity462 (1391 residues) followed by an irregular tandem repeat domain (122 residues). Identity with the @entity1 gene is about 80% in the non-tandem repeat domain and about 38% in the irregular tandem repeat domain. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analysis indicate a transcription start site at 28 base pairs upstream of translation initiation. Northern analysis showed expression of cognate RNA in the intestine and airway but not heart and spleen. The cDNAs have been used to isolate the gene promoter, the structure of which should yield clues to the regulation of @entity19453 expression in @entity35 models of @entity1 disease.

title: Molecular cloning of the @entity1472 -terminal region of a @entity35 XXXX @entity19453 gene homologue. Evidence for expression in both intestine and airway.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity5091 :: (4583,Gene) :: ['MUC 2']


abstract: We investigated the effect of the @entity460 channel-blocking agent @entity3931 on regional cerebral metabolic rate of @entity413 in acute @entity2500 diagnosed clinically and by computed tomography. Twenty-seven @entity1 entered the study within 48 hours after onset of symptoms and randomly received either @entity3931 (2 mg/hr constant intravenous infusion for 5 days, 120 mg/day orally for another 16 days) or placebo. Four of the 27 @entity1 died within the first 3 weeks and could not be evaluated. Of the remaining 23 @entity1 , 11 were assigned to the @entity3931 group and 12 to a control group. We analyzed data from positron emission tomography, performed twice before and after completion of therapy, and clinical data from the treatment period and the next 6 months based on the Mathew Score for early assessment and the Barthel Index for late assessment. During the post-treatment period, two @entity1 from the @entity3931 group and three from the control group died. The evaluated @entity1 were comparable for age and sex distribution, initial clinical deficit, and @entity1188 size and localization. We found significant metabolic changes between both treatment groups for @entity1188 mirror region, ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral gray matter, and contralateral and @entity76 (side x region x treatment interaction p less than 0.025). The @entity3931 group had bilaterally increased regional cerebral metabolic rate of @entity413 of morphologically intact cerebral (14.6% and 17.1%, respectively) and cerebellar structures (6.9% and 10%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity413 metabolism in the course of ischemic stroke.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheres']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['nimodipine']


abstract: @entity2329 is a @entity281 of global distribution with more than 1.4 billion @entity1 infected throughout the world. The majority of @entity281 occur in the developing countries of Asia and Latin America. Of 4 million @entity1 infected in the United States, a large percentage are immigrants from developing countries. Ascaris-related clinical disease is restricted to subjects with heavy worm load, and an estimated 1.2 to 2 million such cases, with 20,000 @entity204 , occur in endemic areas per year. More often, recurring moderate @entity281 cause stunting of linear growth, cause reduced cognitive function, and contribute to existing @entity3147 in @entity1 in endemic areas. HPA is a frequent cause of biliary and @entity660 in endemic areas. It occurs in adult @entity1 and can cause @entity253 , acute @entity2679 , acute @entity255 , @entity656 , and @entity99 . RPC causing hepatic duct calculi is possibly an aftermath of recurrent biliary invasion in such areas. Ultrasonography can detect worms in the biliary tract and pancreas and is a useful noninvasive technique for diagnosis and follow-up of such @entity1 . ERCP can help diagnose biliary and pancreatic @entity2329 , including ascaris in the duodenum. Also, ERCP can be used to extract worms from the biliary and pancreatic ducts when indicated. @entity12471 , @entity7400 , @entity3753 and @entity7305 are effective drugs and can be used for mass therapy to control @entity2329 in endemic areas.

title: Hepatobiliary and pancreatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrantel pamoate']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['Ascariasis', 'ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['helminthic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2329 :: (MESH:D001196,Disease) :: ['ascariasis']


abstract: @entity741 is usually responsible for alterations of regional left ventricular function which are not quantified by routine echocardiography. We used tissue Doppler echocardiography to quantitate the three main components (radial, longitudinal and angular) of left ventricular function, and their alterations after @entity583 . Radial function was assessed by the myocardial velocity gradient derived from M-mode color tissue Doppler echocardiography, and longitudinal function by the pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography, in 26 @entity1 who experienced a first @entity583 and in 11 matched healthy subjects. We describe a new tissue Doppler method for the measurement of @entity85 during cardiac contraction. In healthy subjects, our results showed heterogeneous regional myocardial contraction. @entity85 occurred in the same direction and was of the same order as predicted by previous MRI studies. After anterior @entity1188 , systolic and diastolic myocardial velocity gradients were dramatically decreased in the anterior wall when compared with controls (p < 0.01), whereas the systolic velocity gradient was significantly higher in the opposite wall (p < 0.05). Pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography revealed significant alterations of longitudinal left ventricular function. @entity85 was decreased after anterior @entity1188 , and a good correlation was found between the angle of rotation and the left ventricular ejection fraction by cineangiography. These results indicate that tissue Doppler echocardiography has the potential for measuring the three main components of regional left ventricular function, and for quantitatively assessing their functional alterations induced by @entity741 .

title: [Alterations of left ventricular mechanics after XXXX . Quantitative analysis by tissue doppler echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Septal angular deformation', 'septal angular deformation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['anterior myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound therapy is commonly used with the aim of improving the healing of chronic wounds such as pressure @entity1066 and @entity3179 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of @entity3179 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Wounds Group search strategy was used (see Scope) to search for @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of @entity3179 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing therapeutic ultrasound with sham ultrasound, or other (standard) treatment DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Results of searches were scrutinised by one reviewer (and checked by a second) to identify possible @entity23 and full reports of these were obtained. Details of eligible studies were extracted and summarised using a data extraction sheet. Attempts were made to obtain missing data by contacting authors. Data extraction was checked by a second reviewer. MAIN RESULTS: A total of seven eligible @entity23 were identified. Four trials compared ultrasound therapy with sham ultrasound, three trials compared ultrasound therapy with standard treatment. None of the trials found a difference in healing rates between any of the therapies, though it is noteworthy that the direction of treatment effect was consistently in favour of ultrasound (though this did not reach significance in the individual studies). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is no good evidence of a benefit of ultrasound therapy in the healing of @entity3179 .

title: Therapeutic ultrasound for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'randomised controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: The objective of the study undertaken among elderly was to assess the strength and importance of biologic predictors of mortality (blood pressure, ventilatory lung function) in comparison with that of sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education), smoking habit, @entity28 and health self-assessment. The study covered a sample of elderly (698 males and 1211 females), inhabitants of Cracow city center who attended the mass screening x-ray clinic. The sample examined did not include @entity1 of houses for elderly or geriatric wards. At the occasion of the x-ray examination an epidemiologic interview has been taken from each @entity1 and basic clinical measurements (anthropometry, blood pressure and ventilatory lung function) have been performed. Statistical analysis of relation between mortality over 5-year period and chosen predictors has been carried out with Cox proportional hazards model and PC BMDP programs. It was found that beside age FEV1 level is the strongest survival predictor among the elderly. Subjects who had better FEV1 by 500 ml showed significantly lower death risk, by 18% in males and 27% in females after allowing for age and height. The results obtained confirmed the expectation that ventilatory lung function is one of the strongest predictor of survival in elderly. In the sample studied the impact of education, smoking habit, @entity28 , health self-assessment on the mortality experience was not significant. The effect of @entity101 appeared to be relevant only in the female group.

title: [Importance of ventilatory lung function for prediction of survival in elderly XXXX . Mortality cohort study in Cracow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Extended resections do play a definite role in the surgical approach to advanced @entity356 . Local extension of distant spread of the @entity5 is no longer to be considered as a contraindication to aggressive surgery based on the evidence that even for palliation, extensive operations, when feasible, have proved to be beneficial in preventing complications related to the natural history of the disease. Over a nine-year period 105 @entity1 with @entity356 were surgically treated. Out of the 88 @entity1 undergoing @entity5 excision, 53 were submitted to total gastrectomy (there were 35 males and 18 females, mean age 63 years). This procedure was considered potentially curative in 37 cases and palliative in 16. In 8 of the @entity1 treated with palliation. An extensive procedure, including splenectomy in 7 cases (1 of which with concomitant distal pancreatic resection) and a colonic resection in 1 case, was undertaken. Alimentary continuity following total gastrectomy was restored by jejunal interposition (Mouchet-type reconstruction) in 3 cases, Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy in 7 and simple: end-to-side esophagojejunostomy (Sweet and Allen-type) in 6. No @entity260 have occurred and mean survival time was 8 months with a maximum of 20 months in a @entity1 with a good nutritional status and quality of life (Karnofsky index 78%) who developed no complications related to @entity5 recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The treatment of advanced XXXX : total gastrectomy "extended" as needed].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric malignancy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: To determine the relation between the creation of endocardial lesions and alterations in autonomic tone, we analyzed heart rate variability in @entity1 undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for symptomatic @entity4710 . Elevated heart rates are frequently noted after radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity943 . It has been postulated that this elevation may be secondary to alterations in cardiac autonomic tone. Since heart rate variability is a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, we used this technique to examine the heart rate elevation and to characterize postablation autonomic changes. Thirty-eight @entity1 undergoing 44 radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures were included in the study. Total arrhythmic substrates treated included 34 accessory pathways and 13 AV nodes with dual physiology. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings were obtained in a drug-free state prior to, ablation early postablation, and late postablation. Spectral and nonspectral analyses of heart rate variability were performed. Subgroup analyses were also done on specific cohorts. Subgroups included @entity1 undergoing accessory pathway ablations, AV node modifications, and ablation of septal and nonseptal targets. To determine whether the amount of tissue damage was related to changes in heart rate variability, we analyzed the relation between the total energy delivered to the endocardium and the peak change in @entity908 kinase and heart rate variability. In this population, a significant transient increase in heart rate was noted following radiofrequency ablation. All time and frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability showed significant reversible decreases. These changes were independent of target site and @entity943 substrate. There was no correlation noted between the changes in heart rate variability and either the total amount of energy applied to the endocardium or the change in @entity908 kinase. Increased heart rates and @entity1168 variability occur following radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity4710 . Clinically, the predominant effect is that of decreased parasympathetic tone. Since these transient changes are independent of arrhythmic substrate or ablation site in the atria, a rich parasympathetic innervation of the heart is proposed.

title: Alterations in heart rate following radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of reentrant XXXX : relation to alterations in autonomic tone.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']