abstract: We describe an autopsy case of @entity12040 with right atrium perforation and injuries of the right common iliac artery and vein caused by cannulation for percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). The decedent was an 8-year-old @entity1 admitted for examination in respect to @entity662 and @entity1163 . During catheter angiography, she suddenly went into @entity1167 . PCPS was attempted, whereupon bleeding into the abdominal cavity and an injury to the common iliac vein were observed. She was pronounced dead 78 hours after the initiation of PCPS. Autopsy revealed thickening of the aortic wall from the ascending aorta to the abdominal aorta, with narrowing of the proximal branches. @entity2294 induced by right atrium perforation, and an injury of the right common iliac artery, were also found. Microscopic examinations of the aorta disclosed thickening of each layer of the vessel wall and inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly into the outer layer of the media. It was speculated that manipulation of the catheter and the underlying @entity12040 caused @entity1167 . It is also considered that @entity3485 was induced by the injuries of the right common iliac artery and vein caused during the insertion of the PCPS venous cannula. In addition, the right atrium was injured by the edge of the PCPS cannula, leading to @entity2294 . In pediatric cases involving PCPS, or in cases where cannulation is difficult, regular examination of the pericardial and abdominal cavities by echocardiography would provide useful information to prevent such accidents.

title: A case of XXXX complicated by right atrium perforation and injuries of the right common iliac artery and vein caused by cannulation for percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Hemopericardium', 'hemopericardium']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity25049 with @entity2847 over 3 years in @entity1 with @entity1726 with limited or no previous dopaminergic therapy. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind, parallel-group study, 335 @entity1 were randomized to 0.75 mg @entity25049 or 1.25 mg @entity2847 titrated upward at weekly intervals--maximum permitted daily doses were 24 mg @entity25049 , 40 mg @entity2847 . RESULTS: Approximately one third of @entity1 in each group withdrew prematurely, mostly because of adverse experiences; 61/102 (60%) of @entity25049 -treated and 59/112 (53%) of @entity2847 -treated @entity1 completed the study on the @entity935 agonist alone. Mean doses for all @entity1 at completion were 12 mg (SD 6) @entity25049 and 24 mg (SD 8) @entity2847 . Occurrence of adverse experiences in both groups was similar. Emergence of @entity910 was low. Both treatments induced marked improvements in Unified @entity191 Rating Scale activities of daily living (ADL, Part II) and motor (Part III) scores over the first 12 weeks, which were maintained during the study. After 3 years, @entity1 in the @entity25049 group had a mean improvement in motor score of 31% compared with 22% in the @entity2847 group (p = 0.086) and a significantly better ADL score (treatment difference 1.46 points, p = 0.009) [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity935 agonists are effective in the early treatment of a high proportion of @entity1726 @entity1 ; effectiveness persists for at least 3 years. Those who completed the study had a significantly better functional status on @entity25049 than on @entity2847 .

title: A 3-year randomized trial of XXXX and @entity2847 in early @entity191 . The 053 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity25049 :: (MESH:C046649,Chemical) :: ['ropinirole']


abstract: PURPOSE: Flat @entity2513 may not be recognized or they may be seen and dismissed as normal mucosa. As a result, the "true" incidence of @entity75 is unknown. The aim of this study was to report the incidence and character of flat @entity652 in a large series of @entity1 in the United States. METHODS: Details of @entity1127 seen during colonoscopy are entered into a prospective database that was queried for flat @entity652 . No magnification or dye spray was used. The colonoscopy completion rate was 96.8 percent. The flat @entity652 detection rate of the senior author is in line with that of Japanese colonoscopists. RESULTS: During 2,659 colonoscopies, 5,749 @entity14 were seen in 2,003 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 1,125 were @entity1 and 878 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 65 years (+/- 12 years). There were 3,115 @entity652 (54 percent of lesions); 315 were flat (10.1 percent), 23 (0.8 percent) were @entity308 , 2,575 were sessile (82.7 percent), and 200 were pedunculated (6.4 percent). Two hundred twelve @entity1 had flat @entity652 (10.6 percent of @entity1 ); 172 @entity1 had one and 40 had multiple (2 to 8) flat @entity652 . Eight @entity1 with flat @entity652 had more flat @entity652 on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopists in the United States must be aware of the existence of flat @entity652 and sensitive to their appearance.

title: Flat XXXX of the large bowel: a single endoscopist study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['flat lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity1 presented with recurrent episodes of cough and non-specific @entity358 . For many years she had been known to have @entity2835 . INVESTIGATIONS: The chest X-ray showed @entity3977 . Microbiological examination did not detect any pathogen and transbronchial biopsy of the pulmonary nodules failed to provide a diagnosis. Histology of a surgical lung biopsy showed @entity32 , @entity1333 and non-caseating @entity738 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: The findings indicated @entity39 sarcoid @entity2883 . During oral corticoid therapy the pulmonary nodules regressed within a few weeks. The @entity1 has remained free of @entity358 . CONCLUSION: Pulmonary @entity39 sarcoid @entity2883 is a rare condition to consider in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Because of the histological findings and its benign course it resembles @entity370 .

title: [Pulmonary @entity39 sarcoid @entity2883 in a @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity3977 :: ('MESH:D055613', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: While insulin induced @entity4053 is the principle method of producing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response, the mechanism by which this occurs may be different from that produced by other stressors. In a pilot study, we explored ways to standardize lower body negative pressure (LBNP), as a simulator of @entity548 , to determine its utility for future studies of @entity2339 function. Reduced atmospheric pressure of -40 mmHg applied at the level of the iliac crests during LBNP rapidly lowers blood pressure in most subjects, simulating acute @entity548 . In 6 normal subjects, ACTH and @entity701 values were measured before, during and after the application LBNP at 0800, 1600 and 2300 hours in the baseline state and at 1600 hours on the day following 1 mg of @entity619 . Peak ACTH values of 60-250 pg/ml occurred 2 to 10 minutes after the cessation of the stimulus in subjects experiencing @entity1163 or having a systolic or diastolic blood pressure decrease of greater than 20 mmHg with a rise in pulse of 30 beats per minute or more. There was no significant difference between ACTH responses at different times of day. Peak @entity701 values of 25-30 micrograms/dl occurred 15-20 minutes after cessation of the stimulus. In all subjects, administration of @entity619 greatly attenuated the ACTH response and decreased but did not ablate the @entity701 response. In conclusion, these data indicate that LBNP may be used to simulate @entity548 as a stimulus of the @entity2339 . @entity2339 changes occur only when physiologic evidence of @entity3485 stress is present. @entity619 may be used to modulate the response to this stress paradigm.

title: Simulated acute XXXX through lower body negative pressure as an activator of the @entity2339 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM: To determine if @entity4183 given to mothers before elective caesarean section facilitates neonatal respiration and metabolism. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial of 25 full term @entity1 delivered by elective caesarean section was conducted. The mothers received a continuous infusion of @entity4183 or saline 120-0 minutes before birth. Umbilical artery blood was collected at birth and analysed for blood gases and @entity2661 . The lung function of each @entity1 was assessed two hours after birth, and blood pressure, heart rate, blood @entity413 and body temperature were monitored until 24 hours of age. RESULTS: The @entity1 of the treated mothers (n = 13) had significantly higher dynamic lung compliance (p < 0.001), lower airway resistance (p < 0.001), and respiratory frequency than control @entity1 (n = 12). Blood @entity413 and @entity1425 concentrations were significantly higher in the treated group (p = 0.0014 and p < 0.01). None of these @entity1 had any clinical respiratory difficulties; there were two cases of transient tachypnoea in the control group. No negative side effects due to the @entity4183 treatment were seen among the @entity1 . The mothers felt no discomfort caused by the @entity4183 infusion, although they bled more during surgery (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the beta adrenoceptors in utero with @entity4183 infusion to the mothers promotes neonatal respiratory and metabolic adaptation after elective caesarean section.

title: Randomised controlled trial of effect of @entity4183 before elective caesarean section on postnatal respiration and XXXX homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity5487 ( @entity5487 ) @entity439 are rare with an incidence of approximately 1% of all @entity438 . The frequent reports of the non-branching @entity439 in an identical artery may be related to the embryology of @entity5487 and the anterior @entity5487 which is distinct from other cerebral arteries, as characterized by a thin vessel wall and tortuous course. In this paper, the authors present a case of a 67-year-old @entity1 with a ruptured de novo @entity5487 @entity439 in the tonsillomedullary segment, which occurred 3 years after clipping of a @entity1756 in the identical segment of the @entity5487 . The @entity1 had a history of smoking and uncontrolled @entity101 . He presented with a sudden onset of severe @entity10 and @entity391 . On admission computed tomography demonstrated @entity510 in the left cerebello-medullary cistern with intra-forth ventricular clots. Vertebral angiography demonstrated a saccular @entity5487 @entity439 just distal from the previous clip. Based on the angiographic characteristics of the @entity439 and the potential difficulty of a second clipping operation, coil embolization of the parent artery was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful except for the presence of hoarseness. The unusual development and location of ruptured de novo @entity5487 @entity439 may be explainable by uncontrollable risk factors, as well as by the embryological features of @entity5487 . Careful follow-up neuroimaging studies and management of risk factors should be continued even after complete neck clipping or coil embolization in cases of @entity5487 @entity439 .

title: [A de novo distal PICA XXXX occurring 3 years after clipping of another distal PICA @entity439 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms or tandem aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['dPICA', 'Distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery', 'inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Mitochondria are best known as the essential intracellular organelles that host the homeostasis required for cellular survival, but they also have relevance in diverse disease-related conditions, including @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Amyloid b (Ab) peptide is the key molecule in @entity195 pathogenesis, and has been highlighted in the implication of mitochondrial abnormality during the disease progress. Neuronal exposure to Ab impairs mitochondrial dynamics and function. Furthermore, mitochondrial Ab accumulation has been detected in the @entity195 brain. However, the underlying mechanism of how Ab affects mitochondrial function remains uncertain, and it is questionable whether mitochondrial Ab accumulation followed by @entity2383 leads directly to neuronal @entity137 . This study demonstrated that an exogenous Ab(1-42) treatment, when applied to the hippocampal cell line of @entity19 (specifically HT22 cells), caused a deleterious alteration in mitochondria in both morphology and function. A clathrin-mediated endocytosis blocker rescued the exogenous Ab(1-42)-mediated @entity2383 . Furthermore, the mitochondria-targeted accumulation of Ab(1-42) in HT22 cells using Ab(1-42) with a mitochondria-targeting sequence induced the identical morphological alteration of mitochondria as that observed in the APP/PS @entity195 @entity19 model and exogenous Ab(1-42)-treated HT22 cells. In addition, subsequent mitochondrial dysfunctions were demonstrated in the mitochondria-specific Ab(1-42) accumulation model, which proved indistinguishable from the @entity2383 induced by exogenous Ab(1-42)-treated HT22 cells. Finally, cellular @entity137 was directly induced by mitochondria-targeted Ab(1-42) accumulation, which mimics the apoptosis process in exogenous Ab(1-42)-treated HT22 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that mitochondria-targeted Ab(1-42) accumulation is the necessary and sufficient condition for Ab-mediated @entity73 , and leads directly to cellular death rather than along with other Ab-mediated signaling alterations.

title: Mitochondria-specific accumulation of amyloid b induces XXXX leading to apoptotic cell death.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondria impairments']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial impairment']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into @entity2608 . The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of @entity8220 E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and na  ve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable @entity646 by infectious assay, while na  ve animals had detectable @entity646 for 2-7 days post-challenge. All na  ve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2-10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. @entity646 onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to na  ve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10-30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non- @entity1 primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine.

title: Evaluation of protection induced by a dengue virus serotype 2 envelope domain III protein scaffold/DNA vaccine in non- XXXX primates.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['Viremia', 'viremia']

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['Geobacillus stearothermophilus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity32 of the skin, the pivotal role of CD45RO+ (memory/effector) T cells expressing the @entity4619 was demonstrated. In both @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ), T cells specific to skin-related allergens were confined to the @entity4619 + T cell population. Our research was aimed to further characterize these T cells in @entity483 . METHODS: @entity404 + and @entity405 + subsets of @entity4619 + CD45RO+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood of @entity483 @entity1 and healthy control individuals. We studied, in vivo activation patterns, cytokine profiles, immunoglobulin isotype regulation and the influence of these cells on eosinophil survival and apoptosis. RESULTS: The @entity4619 + CD45RO+ T cells represent an in- vivo-activated memory/effector T cell subset as shown by surface expression of activation markers, spontaneous proliferation and a lower activation threshold via TCR/CD3 triggering. These cells contain and spontaneously release high amounts of preformed @entity225 and @entity4047 but only very little @entity3646 and @entity379 in their cytoplasm, as demonstrated by intracellular cytokine staining immediately after purification. Moreover, @entity4619 + memory/ effector T cells induce IgE production in B cells and enhance eosinophil survival by inhibiting eosinophil apoptosis in @entity483 . In comparison, the @entity4619 - population represents a resting memory T cell fraction, induces rather IgG4 in B cells and does not show any effect on eosinophil survival and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that in-vivo-activated both @entity404 + and @entity405 + memory/effector T cells with skin-homing property play a specific and decisive role in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of @entity483 . In contrast, resting memory T cells of atopic individuals retain normal, nonallergic immune functions.

title: Regulation of XXXX by skin-homing T cells in allergic eczema.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammations']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity4619 :: ('6404', 'Gene') :: ['cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)', 'CLA']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'contact dermatitis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists on the determinants of quality of life (QoL) specific to adults with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Further, it appears no study has compared the determinants of QoL between @entity1723 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) groups. The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) determinants of QoL in adults with @entity1723 ; and, (2) differences in QoL determinants between @entity1723 and @entity2175 groups. METHODS: The Alberta Longitudinal Exercise and @entity6 (ALEXANDRA) study, a longitudinal study of adults with @entity6 in Alberta, Canada. Adults (18 years and older) with @entity1723 (N = 490) and @entity2175 (N = 1,147) provided information on demographics (gender, marital status, education, and annual income), personality (activity trait), medical factors ( @entity6 duration, insulin use, number of comorbidities, and body mass index), lifestyle behaviors (smoking habits, physical activity, and diet), health-related quality of life (HRQL) and life satisfaction. Multiple regression models identified determinants of HRQL and life satisfaction in adults with @entity1723 . These determinants were compared with determinants for @entity2175 adults reported in a previous study from this population data set. Factors significantly associated with HRQL and life satisfaction in either @entity1723 or @entity2175 groups were further tested for interaction with @entity6 type. RESULTS: In adults with @entity1723 , higher activity trait (personality) score (b = 0.28, p < 0.01), fewer comorbidities (b = -0.27, p < 0.01), lower body mass index (BMI)(b = -0.12, p < 0.01), being a non-smoker (b = -0.14, p < 0.01), and higher physical activity levels (b = 0.16, p < 0.01) were associated with higher HRQL. Having a partner (b = 0.11, p < 0.05), high annual income (b = 0.16, p < 0.01), and high activity trait (personality) score (b = 0.27, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher life satisfaction. There was a significant age   @entity6 for HRQL. The @entity2175 group had a stronger positive relationship between advancing age and HRQL compared to the @entity1723 group. No interaction was significant for life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Health services should target medical and lifestyle factors and provide support for @entity1723 adults to increase their QoL. Additional social support for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals living with this disease may be warranted. Health practitioners should also be aware that age has different effects on QoL between @entity1723 and @entity2175 adults.

title: Determinants of quality of life in adults with type 1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Research Advancement', 'diabetes type interaction', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes']


abstract: Angiogenesis is critical for @entity5 development and @entity3 . Here we have employed a functional antibody library-based proteomic screen to identify proteins that participate in and might be used as therapeutic targets for @entity5 -related angiogenesis. @entity19 were immunized with @entity1 @entity418 endothelial cells (HECEC). The antibody library was established with the @entity19 spleen cells the serum of which had most anti-angiogenic effect. Monoclonal antibodies were subjected to an immunoreactive and functional screen and monoclonal antibodies that reacted strongly with cell surface antigens of HECECs and influenced their behavior were selected. Antigens that recognized by the antibodies were obtained by immunoprecipitation and then identified by mass spectrometry analysis. @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ), the antigen of 1D2 antibody was identified using this approach. Further studies demonstrated that the 1D2 antibody suppressed @entity4059 -effected migration and adhesion of HECECs on fibronectin matrix. Biodistribution assay showed that @entity4059 targeting antibody 1D2 could specifically home to the xenograft with humanized blood vessel. Targeting treatment with 1D2 antibody significantly suppressed @entity5 growth through inhibition of @entity1 @entity5 -related angiogenesis. These results indicate that the functional antibody library-based proteomic screen can successfully identify proteins that involved in @entity5 -related angiogenesis and @entity4059 may be a target for the anti-angiogenic treatment of the @entity418 .

title: Antibody library-based XXXX endothelial cells surface proteomic functional screen reveals migration-stimulating factor as an anti-angiogenic target.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['Migration-stimulating factor', 'MSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Histochemical and ultrastructural studies demonstrate that topical @entity1968 (RA) stimulates the deposition of a subepidermal band of collagen in photoaged hairless @entity19 . The aim of this study was to examine the effect of RA treatment on collagen synthesis using biochemical and immunochemical techniques. Albino hairless @entity19 were irradiated three times a week for 10 weeks with four minimal erythema doses of UVB from Westinghouse FS-40 bulbs. In the post-UV period, @entity19 were either nontreated or treated with 0.05% RA or the @entity1068 - @entity2771 vehicle for up to 10 weeks. Antibodies against the aminopropeptide (AP) of type III procollagen were used in immunofluorescence microscopy and radioimmunoassay techniques. The AP of type III collagen is normally present throughout the dermis and in areas of active collagen synthesis (i.e., the @entity3161 ). In this study, a similar distribution was seen in all untreated and vehicle-treated @entity19 , and in @entity19 treated with RA for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. However, increased staining, in a subepidermal band, was detected in the 8-week RA-treated skin. This region became intensely fluorescent to a depth of 100 mu in the 10-week RA-treated skins. As determined by radioimmunoassay, the content of the AP of type III procollagen increased twofold with 10-week RA treatment. Because the ratio of type I to type III collagens remained constant in treated and untreated skins, it is reasonable to assume that the content of type I collagen increased in proportion to type III collagen in RA-treated skins.

title: Topical all-trans XXXX stimulates collagen synthesis in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal junction']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: Acute @entity301 is an inflammatory disease, during which the complement cascade is activated. We assessed the @entity4417 and C4 concentration ratio (C3/C4 ratio) in serum as a potential measurement to predict @entity65 . @entity1 with @entity1187 (n=148) were followed after an initial attack for subsequent ischemic @entity65 (composite end point of death, @entity583 , recurrent @entity1459 , or @entity64 ). During the follow-up period (average 555 days), 44 @entity1 met an end point. Blood samples were taken at hospitalization, 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after hospital admission. Serum @entity4417 and C4 concentrations and the C3/C4 ratio were analyzed. @entity1 with an end point had, throughout the follow-up period, a higher C3/C4 ratio than @entity1 without these end points (repeated measures analysis of variance, p=0.007). When all traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other potential confounding factors were included in a Cox multivariate logistic regression survival analysis, the C3/C4 ratio emerged as the novel risk factor for any new cardiovascular event (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.63, p=0.007). When the C3/C4 ratio was divided into 4 quartiles, 24% in quartiles 1 and 2 (lowest) and 48% in quartile 4 (highest) had end points during follow-up (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 7.29, p=0.01). In conclusion, increased serum C3/C4 ratio is a readily available and novel marker for recurrent @entity65 in @entity1187 . The relative increase in serum C3 protein and decrease in C4 protein could explain changes in the C3/C4 ratio.

title: Serum @entity4417 /C4 ratio, a novel marker for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular attacks', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of @entity3298 due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Taiwan. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 who presented to the National Taiwan University Hospital with culture-positive NTM @entity3298 during the period 2000-2010. @entity1 with concurrent extranodal involvement were excluded. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2010, 15 @entity1 with @entity3298 caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified. Most @entity1 (80%, n = 12) were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria. @entity7665 was the most common infective species (n = 8). Recurrence of @entity281 involving multiple organs occurred 2-7 years after the completion of treatment in 11 (73%) @entity1 . Five (33.3%) @entity1 had concurrent @entity5746 (4 @entity1 with @entity2259 and 1 @entity1 with @entity3509 ) during the course of the disease. CONCLUSION: In Taiwanese @entity1 , we found a high recurrence rate of NTM @entity3298 that was closely associated with @entity5746 . We also noted that the clinical and epidemiological manifestations of NTM @entity3298 in Taiwan differed from their manifestations in western countries.

title: High recurrence rate of @entity3298 due to nontuberculous mycobacteria and its association with concurrent XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema thoracis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella infections']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonella infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are at higher risk for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) than @entity1 in the general population. One potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 is @entity2299 . In the current manuscript we review observational and trial data assessing @entity2299 and its treatment in this @entity1 population. RESULTS: Observational studies have noted a "reverse epidemiology" in @entity1 with @entity740 such that low total @entity165 levels are associated with a higher mortality rate. The complex lipid profile of @entity1 with @entity740 also raises questions as to whether lipid-lowering therapy will be beneficial in this @entity1 population. Although there are only a few trials assessing the relationship between lipid-lowering therapy and @entity65 outcomes in @entity740 @entity1 , many lipid-lowering medications are both safe and effective. In addition, there is suggestive evidence that statin therapy, in particular, also may reduce @entity32 and slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in @entity1 during the earlier stages of @entity740 . CONCLUSION: Because of the high rate of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 and the overall safety of most medical therapies for @entity2299 in @entity740 , current guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation @entity8 Outcomes Quality Initiative @entity146 . These guidelines do, however, acknowledge the paucity of trial data in this @entity1 population. There are 3 ongoing randomized controlled trials that are assessing the effect of statin therapy on @entity65 outcomes. These studies will hopefully provide definitive answers as to the appropriate treatment of @entity2299 in @entity740 .

title: Managing @entity2299 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['recommend aggressive therapy of dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: This retrospective review of data collected during a recent 42-month period from 58 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8 submitted to operative management in the authors' center was undertaken to report the rate of decline in their renal function during the period before intervention and to examine the impact of operation on their outcome. Based on serum @entity1011 values, immediate preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates (EGFR) ranged from 0 to 46 mL/minute (mean, 23.85 +/- 9.76 mL/minute). Eight @entity1 were dialysis dependent or anuric at the time of operation. @entity1 with at least three sequential measurements for calculations of EGFR changes during the 6 months before operation (n = 50) and the first 12 months after operation (n = 32) were used to describe the preoperative rate of decline in EGFR and the impact of operation on this decrease in the operative survivors. In addition comparative analyses of data from @entity1 with unilateral versus bilateral lesions and @entity1 classified as having improvement in EGFR versus no improvement after operation were performed. Comparison of the immediate preoperative EGFR with the immediate postoperative EGFR for the entire group showed significant improvement in response to operation. Likewise the rate of deterioration in EGFR for the total group was improved after operation. A similar improvement in the rate of deterioration in EGFR was seen in the subgroup of @entity1 who received an immediate improvement in EGFR in response to operation. These data argue that @entity8 is a rapidly progressive form of @entity177 . Although individual responses to operation were heterogeneous, renal revascularization may provide both immediate improvement in renal function and an improvement in its rate of deterioration during follow-up in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Evolution of @entity177 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['ischemic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of their similar visual appearance, differentiation of left ventricular thrombotic material and myocardial wall can be difficult in contrast-enhanced coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. OBJECTIVE: We identified typical thrombi attenuation of left ventricular thrombi with the use of CT measurement. METHODS: Over a time period of 6 years, we retrospectively identified 31 @entity1 who showed a @entity1002 in CT angiography datasets. @entity1 underwent routine contrast cardiac CT to investigate @entity453 . CT attenuation of each @entity715 was assessed in the 4-chamber view. CT densities were also determined in the ascending aorta, left ventricle, and myocardial wall both in the mid-septal and mid-lateral segments. The mean CT attenuation of thrombi and the difference between attenuation in thrombi, left ventricular cavity, and myocardial wall were determined. The ratio of attenuation values in @entity715 versus aorta and myocardium versus aorta were also determined. RESULTS: Mean (  SD) CT attenuation of all left ventricular thrombi in 31 @entity1 was 43.2    15.3 HU (range, 25-80 HU). Mean CT densities of septal and lateral myocardial wall were 102.9    23.1 HU (range, 63-155 HU) and 99.3    28.7 HU (range, 72-191 HU), respectively, and were thus significantly higher than the CT attenuation of thrombi (P < 0.001). A threshold of 65 HU yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 94%, 97%, 94%, and 97%, respectively, to differentiate @entity715 from the myocardial wall. The mean ratio between CT attenuation of @entity715 and CT attenuation within the ascending aorta was 0.11    0.05 (range, 0.04-0.23), which was significantly lower compared with the mean ratio between CT attenuation of the myocardial wall and the CT attenuation within the ascending aorta. CONCLUSION: CT attenuation within left ventricular thrombi was significantly lower than myocardial attenuation in CT angiography datasets. Assessment of CT attenuation may contribute to the differentiation of thrombi.

title: XXXX characterization in cardiac computed tomography angiography.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular thrombus attenuation']


abstract: It is known that some @entity15028 preferably affect particular organs because of their organospecificity. @entity107 ( @entity108 ) is one of the most powerful @entity15028 for experimentally inducing @entity5 . The present study aimed to evaluate the rate and type of epithelial lesions induced by @entity108 in @entity19 . We also assessed the role of @entity167 and @entity30581 ( @entity30582 ) as promoters of this @entity105 . A total of 208 female @entity19 ( @entity19 ) were allocated to five experimental groups: group 1, water only (controls); group 2, @entity108 + water; group 3, @entity108 + @entity30582 ; group 4, @entity108 + 6% @entity167 solution; group 5, @entity108 + @entity30582 + 6% @entity167 solution. Animals in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received @entity108 (0.04 ml/l) three times per week, and during the following 4 days they received the other solutions. @entity30582 was provided at a final concentration of 30 mg/l. The overall experimental period was 180 days. At the end of this time, the animals were killed and their esophagus was dissected for macro- and microscopic analysis. There was no significant difference in relation to the size of the esophagus and to the average @entity108 intake by the animals (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between controls and all other experimental groups. There was no significant difference among experimental groups treated with carcinogens (p > 0.05). The average incidence of @entity5 was 85.4%. The experimental model used in the present study is a very potent indicator of @entity5 . Owing to the high incidence for @entity5 observed in the present study, it was not possible to assess the effect of @entity167 and @entity30582 as inducers for the development of @entity418 .

title: Induction of esophageal @entity105 by @entity107 and assessment of the promoting effect of ethanol and XXXX : experimental model in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity15028 :: ('MESH:D009602', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity30581 :: ('MESH:C008655', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosonornicotine']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity30581 :: (MESH:C008655,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosonornicotine']


abstract: OBJECT: Loss of biceps muscle function is a significant disability after brachial plexus root @entity155 injuries. Nerve grafting techniques to reestablish anatomical and functional continuity between the spinal cord and the avulsed root have not proven successful. Using nerve transfers for functional restoration of root @entity155 injuries appears to be effective and has physiological advantages for reducing regeneration distances. Since the early 1990s, the Oberlin technique of transferring ulnar nerve fascicles to the motor branch of the @entity129 has been the preferred operative technique for reinnervation and restoration of biceps muscle function. In the current study the authors examine the efficacy of an alternative technique using median nerve fascicles transferred to the @entity129 to reinnervate the biceps muscle. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with combined C5-6 brachial plexus root @entity155 were evaluated pre- and postoperatively according to the British Medical Research Council Motor Grading Scale. Personal interviews concerning quality of life (QOL) after surgery were conducted and scored based on standards set by the World Health Organization. All @entity1 showed some degree of improvement in biceps muscle function. Thirty-six (90%) of the 40 @entity1 regained movement against gravity. The @entity1 had a 77% improvement in overall QOL after the surgery; most notably, 92% of the @entity1 reported their lack of need for medication and 75% a significant lessening of @entity282 . Redirection of part of the healthy median nerve resulted in no measurable functional deficits, and only 28 @entity1 reported minor @entity132 in the first web space for an average of 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Median nerve fascicle transfer resulted in a significant improvement in biceps muscle function with an acceptable level of morbidity and should be considered an effective, and in many cases preferable, alternative to ulnar nerve fascicle transfer.

title: Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the XXXX following brachial plexus root avulsion injury.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['musculocutaneous nerve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion', 'avulsions']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['musculocutaneous nerve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International comparisons of the prevalence of @entity483 and related symptoms are scarce. The standardized protocol of the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) facilitates investigation of prevalence all over the world. OBJECTIVE: To apply the ISAAC written questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of @entity483 and related symptoms among 6-7 year-old @entity1 and 13-14 year-old adolescents living in 20 Brazilian cities. METHODS: The ISAAC written questionnaire was filled in by 23,422 @entity1 aged 6-7 years and 58,144 adolescents aged 13-14 years living in 2 population centers in the north, 8 in the northeast, 1 in the midwest, 5 in the southeast, and 5 in the south. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity484 ( @entity1910 ever in characteristic places in the last 12 months) ranged from 5.3% to 13.0% for @entity1 and was lower among the adolescents (range, 3.4%-7.9%). Among @entity1 , the highest rates were observed in population centers in the northeast, mainly along the coast. Among adolescents the highest rates were observed in the north and northeast, mainly in Natal, Aracaju, and @entity2739  ria da Conquista. The northeastern countryside had higher prevalence rates of severe @entity484 (kept awake at night by this @entity1910 in the last 12 months) in comparison to northeastern coastal centers. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence of @entity484 and severe @entity484 for both age groups, separately (6-7 year-olds, prho= 0.756, P<.004; 13-14 year-olds, rho=0.874, P<.0001) or grouped (6-7 plus 13-14 years-olds, rho=0.696, P<.0001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity484 and related symptoms is variable in Brazil, where the highest prevalence is found in the north and northeast; on the other hand, a higher prevalence of severe @entity484 was observed in Brazilian centers in the south.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and related symptoms in Brazilian schoolchildren: results from the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) phase 3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['itchy rash']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'flexural eczema']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that self-efficacy plays a crucial role in self-care. However, findings from previous studies indicate that the relationships between self-efficacy and several variables are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of self-care self-efficacy among Chinese gastric and @entity14 @entity1 and to identify the demographic and disease-related, physical, psychological, and social factors associated with their self-care self-efficacy. METHODS: One hundred forty-eight @entity5 @entity1 were recruited from hospitals in Shanghai and Shandong Province. Their self-efficacy, health status, social support, and mental health were assessed during face-to-face interview, using the Strategies Used by @entity1 to Promote Health (Chinese version), Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36, Social Support Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. RESULTS: The overall level of self-care self-efficacy was moderate (mean, 80.34). The multiple regression analyses indicated that @entity308 , physical functioning, use of available social support, vitality, and profession were indicators of the level of self-care self-efficacy and accounted for 60.9% of the variances. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who had less @entity308 , better physical function, more social support, and higher vitality tended to have higher levels of self-care self-efficacy. @entity308 levels had the largest influence on self-care self-efficacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Findings indicate that nurses may be able to influence certain @entity5 @entity1 ' self-care self-efficacy by attending to @entity308 and other variables related to physical and social functioning.

title: Factors associated with self-care self-efficacy among gastric and @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Young juvenile @entity16988 were exposed to three sediments with distinct contamination profiles collected from a Portuguese estuary subjected to anthropogenic sources of contamination (the Sado estuary, western Portugal). Sediments were surveyed for metals ( @entity3409 , @entity3407 , @entity920 , @entity3406 , lead and @entity219 ), a metalloid ( @entity3494 ) and organic contaminants ( @entity2555 , @entity3215 and a pesticide, @entity5979 plus its metabolites), as well as total organic matter, redox potential and particle fine fraction. The fish were exposed to freshly collected sediments in a 28-day laboratorial assay and collected for histological analyses at days 0 (T(0)), 14 (T(14)) and 28 (T(28)). Individual weighted histopathological indices were obtained, based on presence/absence data of eight and nine liver and gill pathologies, respectively, and on their biological significance. Although livers sustained more severe lesions, the sediments essentially contaminated by organic substances caused more damage to both organs than the sediments contaminated by both metallic and organic contaminants, suggesting a possible synergistic effect. Correlation analyses showed that some alterations are linked, forming distinctive histopathological patterns that are in accordance with the severity of lesions and sediment characteristics. The presence of large eosinophilic bodies in liver and degeneration of mucous cells in gills (a first-time described alteration) were some of the most noticeable alterations observed and were related to sediment organic contaminants. Body size has been found to be negatively correlated with @entity16 in livers following longer term exposures. It is concluded that histopathological indices provide reliable and discriminatory data even when biomonitoring as complex media as natural sediments. It is also concluded that the effects of contamination may result not only from toxicant concentrations but also from their interactions, relative potency and sediment characteristics that ultimately determine bioavailability.

title: Histological biomarkers in liver and gills of juvenile XXXX exposed to contaminated estuarine sediments: a weighted indices approach.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity16988 :: ('28829', 'Species') :: ['Solea senegalensis']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological damage']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity5979 :: ('CHEBI:16130', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane']

answer: @entity16988 :: (28829,Species) :: ['Solea senegalensis']


abstract: @entity5990 causes significant morbidity and mortality and its incidence in India as well as in whole world is on the rise. It has positive correlation with development of @entity1086 . So far no predictive study has been done to show its correlation with biochemical markers. The present study has been aimed to establish whether simple enzymatic markers can predict association with @entity2963 . Study group has been selected from the @entity1 attending general surgery OPD of a tertiary healthcare centre with complaints of vague @entity490 , @entity11634 and @entity2210 . A total of 61 cases (male = 18, female = 43) were studied and data matched with age and sex matched control. The biochemical markers studied are serum alkaline phosphatase, serum lipase, serum alpha-amylase and serum pancreatic amylase. @entity1 with obstructive @entity2963 , duct stones, @entity3210 and @entity5 are excluded from the study. The results were analysed by Student's t-test. Alkaline phosphatase in all the above mentioned cases was not significantly different from the control group (40 female, 21 male healthy individuals). A significant association was found out with serum alpha-amylase (p < 0.05) and a highly significant association was found out with pancreatic amylase (p < 0.001). Results of serum lipase however were inconclusive (p = 0.1). Pancreatic amylase can be estimated at a reasonable cost and costwise may prove to be a marker of @entity5990 which are in many cases silent preventing further complications and chances of Malignancy especially where alkaline phosphatase isinconclusive.

title: Study of serum lipase, alpha-amylase and pancreatic amylose in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['Silent gall-stone', 'gall-stone diseases']

entities_list: @entity11634 :: ('MESH:D005414', 'Disease') :: ['flatulence']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gall-stone diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity12590 is a well known @entity8143 resulted from eating raw seafoods and there were many reports of cases. However, its endoscopic and clinical characteristics have not been reviewed well. The aim of this study was to clarify the gastric mucosal changes and influencing factors of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) @entity12590 . METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the endoscopic and clinical characteristics of 141 cases with @entity344 diagnosed during UGI endoscopy, based on the review of medical records. The @entity1 ' data were collected consecutively from October 1999 through September 2006. RESULTS: In the 141 @entity1 with @entity344 , the peak age was the 40s (44.7%). The female to male ratio was 1.82:1. The most prevailed season was winter (41.1%). The most frequent symptom was acute @entity158 and 76.6% of the @entity1 developed symptoms within 12 hours after the ingestion of raw seafoods. The greater curvature of body was the most preferred site of anisakid larvae. The median time from meal to symptom onset was shortest in esophageal location and longest in fundus location (3 vs. 18.7 hours). The various mucosal changes were observed and the most frequent mucosal change was @entity4 (90.8%). @entity5 was also found in 31.9% of the @entity1 . The severity of mucosal change was related inversely with the time interval from meal to endoscopy (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12590 presented various mucosal changes depending on the time interval from ingestion of raw seafood to endoscopy. Delayed endoscopy may lead chronic mucosal change and cause difficulty in the detection of @entity12590 . Therefore, the prompt endoscopic examination is required for the @entity1 presenting @entity344 after taking raw fish.

title: [The mucosal changes and influencing factors in upper XXXX : analysis of 141 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['anisakiasis', 'Anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal symptoms', 'UGI anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal anisakiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The utility of peripheral blood cultures in febrile neutropenic @entity1 with @entity5 and central venous catheters (CVC) is controversial. Our primary objective was to describe true @entity281 detected only by peripheral culture. Our secondary objectives were to describe true @entity281 detected only by CVC culture and to describe probable contaminants detected in both types of blood cultures. METHODS: We included @entity1 with @entity5 who had peripheral and CVC cultures obtained on the same day in which at least one culture was positive. Only cultures obtained prior to the initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics were included. @entity281 due to common contaminants (such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) as occurring if multiple cultures were positive for the same organism or if @entity295 was present. RESULTS: Between January 2002 and July 2007, 318 episodes of @entity281 from 224 @entity1 were included. Of these, 228/318 (71.7%) were classified as true @entity281 while 90/318 (28.3%) were classified as contaminants. Importantly, 28/228 (12.3%) true @entity281 were detected only in peripheral culture while 85/228 (37.3%) true @entity281 were detected only by CVC cultures. Contaminants were identified in peripheral culture in 45/318 (14.2%) of episodes and in CVC culture in 45/318 (14.2%) episodes. CONCLUSIONS: True @entity281 frequently are only detected in the peripheral culture. These data support continuation of the practice of routine peripheral cultures in addition to CVC cultures at the onset of fever for @entity1 with @entity5 who are not already receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.

title: Utility of peripheral blood cultures in XXXX @entity1 with a central line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['We defined true bloodstream infections', 'bloodstream infection', 'bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bacteremic pediatric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sexual assault is a form of interpersonal violence with significant consequential health problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the victims, assaults, and associated physical and psychologic @entity130 of @entity458 in Taipei. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of @entity458 who visited the emergency department of a medical center in Taipei from 1991 to 2003. The characteristics of the victims, assaults, and factors associated with general body and genital @entity130 were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 114 @entity458 , including 107 females and seven males, aged from 3 to 49 years (mean, 17.9 years). Overall, 72.3% of victims had evidence of physical @entity130 . Genital/anal injuries (53.3%) occurred more often than general body @entity130 (41.0%). The presence of general body injuries was positively associated with physical examination within 72 hours, and negatively associated with a victim age younger than 18 years. Genital/anal lesions were significantly more common in victims without prior sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The results of physical examination in @entity458 were related to early examination, age, and sexual experience.

title: Analysis of cases of XXXX at a medical center in Taipei.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual assault victims', 'sexual assault cases']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual assault presenting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity553 is a @entity6438 agonist capable of inducing complete clearance of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and other cutaneous @entity5 . We hypothesized that the characterization of the early transcriptional events induced by @entity553 may provide insights about immunological events preceding acute tissue and/or @entity5 rejection. RESULTS: We report a paired analysis of adjacent punch biopsies obtained pre- and post-treatment from 36 @entity1 with @entity1491 subjected to local application of @entity553 (n = 22) or vehicle cream (n = 14) in a blinded, randomized protocol. Four treatments were assessed (q12 applications for 2 or 4 days, or q24 hours for 4 or 8 days). RNA was amplified and hybridized to 17.5 K cDNA arrays. All treatment schedules similarly affected the transcriptional profile of @entity1491 ; however, the q12 x 4 days regimen, associated with highest effectiveness, induced the most changes, with 637 genes unequivocally stimulated by @entity553 . A minority of transcripts (98 genes) confirmed previous reports of interferon-alpha involvement. The remaining 539 genes portrayed additional immunological functions predominantly involving the activation of cellular innate and adaptive immune-effector mechanisms. Importantly, these effector signatures recapitulate previous observations of tissue rejection in the context of @entity5 immunotherapy, acute allograft rejection and autoimmunity. CONCLUSION: This study, based on a powerful and reproducible model of @entity5 eradication by innate immune mechanisms, provides the first insights in @entity1 into the early transcriptional events associated with immune rejection. This model is likely representative of constant immunological pathways through which innate and adaptive immune responses combine to induce tissue destruction.

title: Sequential gene profiling of @entity1491 treated with XXXX in a placebo-controlled study defines the requirements for tissue rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity553 :: ('MESH:C056493', 'Chemical') :: ['imiquimod', 'Imiquimod']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity553 :: (MESH:C056493,Chemical) :: ['imiquimod']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Examination of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies provides accurate nodal staging for @entity0 and plays a key role in @entity1 management. Procurement of SLNs and the methods used to process specimens are equally important. Increasing the level of detail in histopathological examination of SLNs increases detection of metastatic @entity5 but will also increase the burden of busy laboratories and thus may not be carried out routinely. Recommendation of a reasonable standard in SLN examination is required to ensure high sensitivity of results while maintaining a manageable practice workload. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 were recruited. Combined radiotracer and blue dye methods were used for identification of SLNs. The nodes were thinly sliced and embedded. Serial sectioning and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining against @entity1325 / @entity1326 were performed if initial HandE sections of the blocks were negative. RESULTS: SLNs were successfully identified in all @entity1 . Ten cases had nodal metastases with 7 detected in SLNs and 3 detected only in axillary nodes (false negative rate, FNR=30%). Some 5 out of 7 metastatic lesions in the SLNs (71.4%) were detected in initial sections of the thinly sliced tissue. Serial sectioning detected the remaining two cases with either micrometastases or isolated @entity5 cells (ITC). CONCLUSIONS: Thin slicing of tissue to 3-5mm thickness and serial sectioning improved the detection of micro and macro-metastases but the additional burden of serial sectioning gave low yield of micrometastases or ITC and may not be cost effective. IHC validation did not further increase sensitivity of detection. Therefore its use should only be limited to confirmation of suspicious lesions. False negative cases where SLNs were not involved could be due to skipped metastases to non-sentinel nodes or poor technique during procurement, resulting in missed detection of actual SLNs.

title: Sentinel Node Biopsy Examination for XXXX in a Routine Laboratory Practice: Results of a Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Although well described and intensively used for diagnostic purposes, the ventricular reflux as a gammacisternographic phenomen has not yet been satisfactorily explained, and its physiopathology is a subject of controversy. Based on our method of quantitative gammacisternography and gammaventriculography we study the evolution of the tracer concentrations in two main chambers:--the basal cisterns together with the upper cervical canal, considered as a functional unity (the distribution area) and--the ventricular system. We propose the mathematical analysis of a theoretical model which represents the normal and pathological situations of these two chambers, as a method for measuring ventricular volume and ventricular tracer clearance. From the correlation in results with @entity1 and models, we suggest turbulence as the main factor in generating backmixing or total mixing, the appearance of which is called ventricular reflux. We deny the existence of a real inversion of @entity2841 flow. The spinal canal velocity of isotope flow is proposed as additional evidence of turbulence. The normal general dynamics of @entity2841 are delineated, and we propose the following factors that lead to ventricular reflux:--partial obstruction to epicortical @entity2841 flow;--total obstruction to epicortical @entity2841 flow. Their principal characteristics are given, and the importance of using their quantitative parameters in descriptions of @entity1 is stressed. Different aspects in the evolution of @entity1276 , transependymal resorption, and factors involved in hydrodynamic changes etc. are discussed.

title: New aspects of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in XXXX investigated by sequential gammacamera cisternography, with data evaluation by the digital multichannel analyzer. Part 3: Physiopathology of the ventricular reflux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A community-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in urban areas characterized by high levels of disadvantage to test the effectiveness of the Incredible Years BASIC parent training program (IYBP) for @entity1 with @entity146 . Potential moderators of intervention effects on @entity1 behavioral outcomes were also explored. METHOD: Families were included if the @entity1 (aged 32-88 months) scored above a clinical cutoff on the Eyberg @entity1 Behavior Inventory (ECBI). @entity1 (n = 149) were randomly allocated on a 2:1 ratio to an intervention group (n = 103) or a waiting-list control group (n = 46). @entity1 behavior, parenting skills, and parent well-being were assessed at baseline and 6 months later using parent-report and independent observations. An intention-to-treat analysis of covariance was used to examine postintervention differences between groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in @entity1 @entity146 favored the intervention group on the ECBI Intensity (effect size = 0.7, p < .001) and Problem subscales (effect size = 0.75, p < .001). Intervention effects on @entity1 hyperactive-inattentive behaviors and social competence, as well as parent competencies and well-being, were also found. Moderator analyses showed that the effects of the IYBP intervention on the primary @entity1 outcomes were not moderated by @entity1 or family demographic characteristics or risk factors. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the IYBP in alleviating problem behavior among @entity1 and in improving well-being among families living in disadvantaged areas. The findings also highlight the importance of parental intervention in early childhood for parents and @entity1 most in need of support.

title: A parenting intervention for childhood XXXX : a randomized controlled trial in disadvantaged community-based settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems', 'disordered behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral problems']


abstract: The expression of @entity28209 and @entity28210 genes encoding @entity1460 vegetative storage proteins was studied during seedling development and in response to water deficit, tissue wounding, and @entity7214 treatment. @entity28209 and @entity28210 encode @entity28209 and @entity28210 , 28-kilodalton and 31-kilodalton vacuole-localized polypeptides that are 80% homologous. @entity28209 and @entity28210 mRNAs could be distinguished on RNA blots using 3'-end probes. @entity28209 mRNA was threefold to sevenfold more abundant than @entity28210 mRNA in leaves, about equal expression was observed in stems, and @entity28210 mRNA exceeded @entity28209 in roots. Transcripts were not detected in dry seeds but appeared in intact or excised seedling axes between 12 hr and 24 hr after initiation of imbibition. Both transcripts were highly abundant in the meristematic region of seedling stems and in developing leaves but were rare in mature stems, leaves, and roots. In situ localization showed that vsp transcripts were found throughout the hypocotyl hook but were concentrated in cells associated with the epidermis and vascular bundles. Water deficit caused increased vsp mRNA levels in leaves and stems, which suggests that inhibition of growth necessitates temporary storage of @entity1522 . Wounding induced primarily @entity28210 mRNA in etiolated seedlings, whereas both @entity28209 and @entity28210 mRNA levels increased in wounded leaves. @entity7214 and @entity19086 were potent inducers of vsp gene expression in cell cultures, developing axes, leaves, and roots. We hypothesize that @entity7214 levels modulate vsp mRNA abundance in vivo.

title: Expression of two @entity1460 vegetative storage protein genes during development and in response to water deficit, wounding, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['Jasmonic acid', 'jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

answer: @entity7214 :: (MESH:C011006,Chemical) :: ['jasmonic acid']


abstract: The effect of four slow @entity141 channel blockers ( @entity10202 , @entity594 , @entity8661 and @entity8633 ) that possess the ability to bind to @entity13609 ( @entity13609 ) section and to inhibit @entity19077 ( @entity19077 ) on @entity13609 -regulated @entity141 pumping ATPase of cardiac sarcolemma (SL) and brain @entity1919 phosphodiesterase (PDE) was studied. The ability of these drugs to inhibit @entity141 pumping ATPase correlated with their inhibitory effect on @entity13609 -activated @entity141 -dependent PDE. @entity594 was unable to inhibit markedly both enzymes. @entity8661 also was a weak inhibitor, which was unexpected because of its @entity13609 binding potency. @entity10202 (10-50 microM) and @entity8633 (50 microM) markedly reduced activities of SL @entity141 pumping ATPase and PDE. Striking differences were, however, demonstrated when @entity141 and @entity13609 concentrations, respectively, were increased. Previously it was reported that inhibition of the SL @entity141 pumping ATPase by the @entity13609 antagonist @entity6106 could be overcome by increasing @entity141 concentrations (J. M. J. Lamers and J. T. Stinis, Cell @entity460 4, 281-294, 1983). @entity10202 (10-50 microM) in the present study, appeared to be equipotent with @entity6106 in reducing @entity141 pumping ATPase, but increasing @entity141 up to 12.2 microM could not counteract this effect. @entity10202 (2-10 microM) also inhibited brain PDE noncompetitively with respect to @entity13609 contrary to the competitive effectors @entity6106 and @entity8633 . On the other hand, @entity8633 (10-20 microM) decreased or increased @entity141 pumping ATPase activity depending on the @entity141 concentration (0.29 and 12.2 microM, respectively) used. These findings suggest at least two types of @entity13609 antagonists, which can be discriminated on basis of their inhibition patterns of PDE and heart SL @entity141 pumping ATPase.

title: Slow @entity460 channel blockers and @entity13609 . Effect of @entity10202 , @entity594 , @entity8661 and XXXX on cardiac sarcolemmal @entity460 pumping ATPase.

entities_list: @entity19077 :: ('4638', 'Gene') :: ['myosin light chain kinase', 'MLCK']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['Felodipine', 'felodipine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity8661 :: ('MESH:D011299', 'Chemical') :: ['Prenylamine', 'prenylamine']

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['calmidazolium']

answer: @entity8633 :: (MESH:D015764,Chemical) :: ['bepridil']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed @entity726 (AGVI) for the management of @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) associated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the vitrectomized eyes. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with @entity2297 associated with @entity6 who underwent AGVI for intraocular pressure (IOP) control and compared the surgical outcome according to vitrectomy history. The main outcome measures were: postoperative IOP control, visual acuity, and complications. Success was defined as an IOP of  <=21 mm Hg and >= 6 mm Hg, without further @entity726 surgery or loss of light perception and devastating complications. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity1 (73 eyes) were included: 42 @entity1 with vitrectomy history before AGVI (vitrectomized group) and 31 @entity1 without vitrectomy history (nonvitrectomized group). The cumulative probabilities of success after AGVI were 89.9% and 83.8% after 1 year, 74.8% and 74.7% after 2 years, and 62.5% and 68.5% after 3 years for the vitrectomized group and the nonvitrectomized group, respectively (P=0.9309). Cox proportional hazards regression showed the intraocular silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor for the surgical failure (odds ratio=4.543, P=0.047). Final visual acuity improved or stabilized in 33 @entity1 (78.6%) in the vitrectomized group and 18 @entity1 (58.1%) in the nonvitrectomized group. Complications were comparable between the groups, but surgical interventions were needed for 5 @entity1 (11.9%) in the vitrectomized group. CONCLUSION: Despite some complications that necessitate surgical intervention, the AGVI is a safe and effective procedure that enables successful IOP control and vision preservation in @entity1 with @entity2297 associated with vitrectomy for the @entity6 .

title: Ahmed @entity726 valve implantation for @entity2297 after vitrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Glaucoma Valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['NVG', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Microarray analysis was used to compare the gene expression of granulosa cells from dominant follicles with that of those after superstimulatory treatment. @entity291 were allocated randomly to two groups (superstimulation and control, n=6/group). A new follicular wave was induced by ablation of follicles >= 5mm in diameter, and a @entity1420 -releasing device controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was placed in the vagina. The superstimulation group was given eight doses of 25mg FSH at 12-h intervals starting from the day of wave emergence (day 0), whereas the control group was not given FSH treatment. Both groups were given prostaglandin F2a twice, 12h apart, on day 3 and the CIDR was removed at the second injection; 25mg porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) was given 24h after CIDR removal, and @entity291 were ovariectomized 24h later. Granulosa cells were collected for RNA extraction, amplification, and microarray hybridization. A total of 190 genes were downregulated and 280 genes were upregulated. To validate the microarray results, five genes were selected for real-time PCR (NTS, @entity12516 , @entity30642 , @entity30643 , and @entity12304 ). Expression of four genes increased significantly in the three different animals tested (NTS, @entity12516 , @entity30642 , and @entity30643 ). The upregulated genes are related to matrix remodeling (i.e. tissue proliferation), disturbance of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress response. We conclude that superstimulation treatment i) results in granulosa cells that lag behind in maturation and differentiation (most of the upregulated genes are markers of the follicular growth stage), ii) activates genes involved with the @entity30644 oxidative stress response and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and iii) disturbs angiogenesis.

title: Differential gene expression of granulosa cells after ovarian superstimulation in beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Ninety five @entity1 who accompanied their wives to the fertility clinic of a Nigerian teaching hospital (index group) were compared with 95 matched controls using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Their rates of significant @entity148 (24.2%) and @entity308 (20.0%) were higher than the corresponding rates of 13.7% and 9.5% for the controls. The higher rate of significant @entity308 in the @entity249 group was significant (p < 0.05). Their mean scores on the two subscales of HADS ( @entity148 and @entity308 subscales) were also significantly higher (p < 0.001). Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that @entity148 were predicted by age group among subjects in the index group, indicating that belonging to higher age groups was associated with @entity148 . In addition, @entity148 were predicted by 'being very religious'. However, @entity148 were predicted by previous exposure to couple counselling. On the predictors of @entity308 , lower symptoms were predicted by age group and religiosity while higher symptoms were predicted by respondents' previous exposure to couple counselling and higher number of wives. Other factors investigated such as level of education, duration of @entity249 , attitude towards @entity1 adoption, pressure from extended family members on account of @entity249 , expectation of the respondents on the possible outcome of treatment and the result of semen analysis were not observed as predictors of @entity308 . The observations on emotional distress among these @entity1 , together with previous observations that counselling/support received from gynecological consultations is usually inadequate indicates that the quality of psychological support that is available to them needs to be improved and modified. Involvement of mental health professionals (psychiatrists and clinical psychologists) in the provision of psychological couple counselling for @entity249 -related emotional distress could improve the quality of support provided. The establishment of special counselling units in hospitals providing treatment for @entity249 is advocated.

title: Psychological profile of spouses of XXXX with @entity249 in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'anxiety and/or depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety', 'lower anxiety symptoms', 'higher anxiety symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalence of @entity2193 ( @entity2193 ) in Indian @entity1 and to analyze the possible etiological factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First permanent molars and all permanent incisors were examined in 1,369 @entity1 aged 8 to 12 years. Examinations were performed by two calibrated observers. The subjects were evaluated using judgment criteria proposed by Weerheijm et al in 2003. The parents accompanying @entity1 were given a questionnaire regarding pre- and postnatal history of the @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 191 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2193 with a prevalence of 13.9%. Chi-square/ @entity16043 exact test was used to compare the dichotomous variables. The relative risk with its 95% confidence interval was calculated to find the risk of clinical infections, such as @entity1573 pox, @entity1087 , @entity8 , @entity299 , and affected molars with sex and type of delivery. Pre- and postnatal history of @entity281 in a @entity1 was significantly correlated with the prevalence of @entity2193 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity2193 was 13.9% in the age group of 8 to 12 years. Prenatal and postnatal infections play an important role in hypomineralization of molars and incisors. How to cite this article: Mishra A, Pandey RK. @entity2193 : An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):167-171.

title: XXXX : An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['MIH', 'Molar Incisor Hypomineralization', 'molar incisor hypomineralization']

answer: @entity2193 :: (MESH:D003744,Disease) :: ['Molar Incisor Hypomineralization']


abstract: We showed previously that the strong @entity28324 promoter is less dependent on chromatin cofactors than the weaker coregulated @entity28325 promoter. In this study we asked if chromatin remodeling at the even stronger @entity28326 promoter was correspondingly less cofactor dependent. The repressed @entity28326 promoter showed a short hypersensitive region that was flanked upstream and downstream by a positioned nucleosome and contained two transactivator @entity28327 sites. Promoter induction generated an extensive hypersensitive and histone-depleted region, yielding two more @entity28327 sites accessible. This remodeling was strictly @entity28327 dependent, strongly dependent on the remodelers @entity28328 and @entity28329 and on the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5, and more weakly on the acetyltransferase Rtt109. Importantly, remodeling of each of the two positioned nucleosomes required @entity28328 and @entity28329 to different degrees. Only remodeling of the upstream nucleosome was strictly dependent on @entity28328 . Further, remodeling of the upstream nucleosome was more dependent on @entity28329 than remodeling of the downstream nucleosome. Both nucleosomes differed in their intrinsic stabilities as predicted in silico and measured in vitro. The causal relationship between the different nucleosome stabilities and the different cofactor requirements was shown by introducing destabilizing mutations in vivo. Therefore, chromatin cofactor requirements were determined by intrinsic nucleosome stabilities rather than correlated to promoter strength.

title: Differential cofactor requirements for histone eviction from two nucleosomes at the yeast XXXX promoter are determined by intrinsic nucleosome stability.

answer: @entity28326 :: (854916(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['PHO84']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The treatment of a @entity1 with a @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) deficiency can be complicated. The mainstay of therapy is factor replacement. Replacement therapy can be given prophylactically, with the goal of decreasing hemarthroses and spontaneous @entity548 , or on-demand for the @entity548 @entity1 . Intra- and interindividual variability in a @entity1 's response to treatment has been well documented by the differences in observed half-lives of infused product. Although weight-based dosing nomograms are most often used, personalized therapies are coming into use to ease the burden of therapy and cost. The most significant complication of treatment is the formation of inhibitors to @entity2801 . The role of the laboratory is to provide results for @entity2801 activity that accurately reflects a @entity1 's baseline level and response to treatment. However, factor activity assays have many components that can contribute to result variability. These include the methodology and reagent components used to measure the @entity2801 activity, the reference standard employed, algorithm used to interpret the dilutions, and the replacement factor being measured. An understanding of assay variables and their impact will assist in providing accurate factor activity results and appropriate @entity1 care.

title: XXXX Activity and Inhibitor Assays in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophilia A.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity2801 :: (2157,Gene) :: ['Factor VIII']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As more @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) devices become available, there may be pressure for health-care providers to switch @entity1 with @entity565 to cheaper inhaler devices. Our objective was to evaluate impact on @entity565 control of inhaler device switching without an accompanying consultation in general practice. METHODS: This 2-year retrospective matched cohort study used the UK General Practice Research Database to identify practices where @entity4185 devices were changed without a consultation for > or =5 @entity1 within 3 months. @entity1 6-65 years of age from these practices whose @entity4185 device was switched were individually matched with @entity1 using the same @entity4185 device who were not switched. Asthma control over 12 months after the switch was assessed using a composite measure including short-acting beta-agonist and oral corticosteroid use, hospitalizations, and subsequent changes to therapy. RESULTS: A total of 824 @entity1 from 55 practices had a device switch and could be matched. Over half (53%) of device switches were from dry powder to metered-dose inhalers. Fewer @entity1 in switched than matched cohort experienced successful treatment based on the composite measure (20% vs. 34%) and more experienced unsuccessful treatment (51% vs. 38%). After adjusting for possible baseline confounding factors, the odds ratio for treatment success in the switched cohort compared with controls was 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.44; p < 0.001) and for unsuccessful treatment was 1.92 (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.56; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Switching @entity4185 devices without a consultation was associated with worsened @entity565 control and is therefore inadvisable.

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for XXXX : impact of practice level device switching on @entity565 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['ICS', 'inhaled corticosteroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) is a @entity395 with a great variety of clinical manifestations. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the pattern and the long-term course of clinical, laboratorial and radiological findings in pediatric-onset @entity1222 . We reviewed 46 @entity1 with histological diagnosis of @entity1222 . Ten @entity1 (22%) showed @entity4903 . Central @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ) was observed in all ten @entity1 ; @entity2338 was confirmed in four and @entity6126 in two @entity1 . There were no adrenal, prolactin or @entity1374 . Obesity was observed in three @entity1 . Eight @entity1 showed soft tissue infiltration and five bone involvement. The MRI showed a lack of posterior pituitary bright spot in all @entity2010 @entity1 ; infundibular infiltration (II) associated or not with sellar or supra-sellar mass was observed in 4 @entity1 . We conclude that the investigation of @entity1222 , a @entity66 , should include central nervous system images. The presence of II and/or @entity2010 should raise the diagnosis of @entity1222 . Complete endocrine evaluation, allowing an early hormone therapy, is required to obtain a better quality of life in @entity1 with @entity1222 .

title: @entity4903 in pediatric - onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid axis abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['LCH', 'Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Red @entity375 @entity579 is an herbal supplement that decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 level. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of red @entity375 @entity579 and therapeutic lifestyle change to treat @entity2299 in @entity1 who cannot tolerate @entity6817 therapy. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Community-based cardiology practice. @entity1 : 62 @entity1 with @entity2299 and history of discontinuation of @entity6817 therapy due to @entity925 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assigned by random allocation software to receive red @entity375 @entity579 , 1800 mg (31 @entity1 ), or placebo (31 @entity1 ) twice daily for 24 weeks. All @entity1 were concomitantly enrolled in a 12-week therapeutic lifestyle change program. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was LDL @entity165 level, measured at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Secondary outcomes included total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity412 , liver enzyme, and @entity1011 phosphokinase (CPK) levels; weight; and Brief Pain Inventory score. RESULTS: In the red @entity375 @entity579 group, LDL @entity165 decreased by 1.11 mmol/L (43 mg/dL) from baseline at week 12 and by 0.90 mmol/L (35 mg/dL) at week 24. In the placebo group, LDL @entity165 decreased by 0.28 mmol/L (11 mg/dL) at week 12 and by 0.39 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) at week 24. Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level was significantly lower in the red @entity375 @entity579 group than in the placebo group at both weeks 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 (P = 0.011). Significant treatment effects were also observed for total @entity165 level at weeks 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 (P = 0.016). Levels of HDL @entity165 , @entity412 , liver enzyme, or CPK; @entity353 ; and @entity158 severity scores did not significantly differ between groups at either week 12 or week 24. LIMITATION: The study was small, was single-site, was of short duration, and focused on laboratory measures. CONCLUSION: Red @entity375 @entity579 and therapeutic lifestyle change decrease LDL @entity165 level without increasing CPK or @entity158 levels and may be a treatment option for dyslipidemic @entity1 who cannot tolerate @entity6817 therapy.

title: Red @entity375 XXXX for @entity2299 in @entity6817 -intolerant @entity1 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The @entity299 ( @entity299 ) assessed population trends in @entity301 ( @entity301 ) mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to explain the decline in @entity301 deaths. Age-adjusted @entity301 mortality rates declined in Twin Cities residents aged 30 to 74 from 1968 to 1986 by 52% in @entity1 and 58% in @entity1 . Much of the decline in @entity301 mortality was attributable to decreased out-of-hospital deaths. Attack rates based on hospitalized definite @entity583 ( @entity583 ) did not change from 1970 to 1985, and hospital case-fatality rates declined consistently from 1970 to 1985 (from 21% to 11% in @entity1 , from 27% to 17% in @entity1 ). Dramatic increases were noted in the percentage of @entity1 undergoing cardiac procedures (coronary artery bypass, angioplasty, and thrombolytic agents). Trends in @entity301 rates were associated with improved population levels of risk factors. Average serum total @entity165 levels decreased by 8 mg/dl and 11 mg/dl between 1973 and 1987 in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Cigarette smoking prevalence declined from approximately 40% to 30%. Average systolic blood pressure apparently declined about 1 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 2 mm Hg from 1973 to 1987. Body mass index (wt/ht2) increased by 1 unit in @entity1 and 1.7 units in @entity1 from 1973 to 1987. These data suggest that a combination of primary prevention and improved medical care of acute @entity301 contributed to the decline in @entity301 mortality.

title: Trends in @entity301 mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels from 1960 to 1986: the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['MHS', 'Minnesota Heart Survey']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Minnesota Heart Survey']