abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anterior strut grafts in spinal fusion for @entity1513 . SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Autologous strut grafts harvested from the fibula, iliac crest, and rib are frequently used for treating severe @entity1513 and @entity3792 . However, a majority of the studies have presented mixed @entity1 populations @entity1513 and/or @entity1635 , treated either with anterior or anteroposterior fusion. Very few reports have presented an evaluation of autologous strut grafts for anterior fusion with posterior instrumentation for the treatment of @entity85 . METHODS: A total of 23 @entity1 comprised the study. Diagnosis was @entity281 (9 @entity1 ), congenital (6), posttraumatic (4), @entity4786 (1), @entity1691 (1), @entity8322 (1), and @entity6872 with pathologic fracture (1). Average age at surgery was 41 years (range 6-77). Indication for surgery was @entity158 with or without progression in 15 @entity1 and additional progressive @entity51 in the other 8. Anterior strut grafts consisted of the autologous fibula (9 @entity1 ), iliac (10), fibula and ribs (2), fibula and iliac (1), and fibula, iliac, and ribs (1). The fusion areas were thoracic (11 @entity1 ), thoracolumbar (11), and cervicothoracic (1). Anterior decompression was performed in 8 @entity1 because of the presence of @entity16 caused by @entity1745 . Dorsal fusion was performed in all @entity1 with third-generation systems. RESULTS: Average 4.2 vertebrae were fused anteriorly. Mean follow-up bracing time was 9.7 months. Average @entity1513 measured 50.9 degrees before surgery and 32.5 at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (P < 0.0001). No graft breakages were noted at final follow-up. Solid fusion was achieved in all @entity1 . No donor site complications were observed. Of the 8 @entity1 presenting with @entity51 , 4 had full recovery, 3 had partial recoveries, and 1 had no improvement. Loss of postoperative correction > 5 degrees was observed in 3 @entity1 . At final follow-up, 3 @entity1 complained of occasional @entity158 , and 1 complained of @entity158 when lying on the back, particularly on hard surfaces. CONCLUSION: Adequate correction was maintained throughout an average follow-up of 4.5 years, and solid fusion was obtained in all @entity1 . Anterior strut grafts, supplemented with posterior fusion with instrumentation provide a good treatment alternative for the treatment of @entity85 of the spine as a result of various etiologies.

title: Evaluation of spinal fusion using autologous anterior strut grafts and posterior instrumentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann disease']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma of the vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic/thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous infection']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis deformity', 'kyphotic deformities']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['thoracic/thoracolumbar kyphosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the intraoperative rapid @entity461 ( @entity461 ) assay can be used to accurately predict postoperative @entity460 levels following total or completion thyroidectomy. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : One hundred four @entity1 following a total or completion thyroidectomy.Intervention Intraoperative rapid plasma @entity461 levels were determined for @entity1 undergoing a total or completion thyroidectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity461 levels were recorded after the induction of anesthesia, before excision, and 5, 10, and 20 minutes after thyroidectomy. Postoperative @entity460 levels were monitored every 6 hours until hospital discharge. Intraoperative @entity461 levels were correlated with postoperative @entity460 levels and clinical symptoms of @entity3747 . RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (21.2%) required short-term postoperative @entity460 supplementation, and 2 (1.9%) required long-term @entity460 replacement. There was a statistically significant difference between those @entity1 requiring @entity460 replacement and those who did not require @entity460 supplementation, for postoperative total @entity460 level (7.2 vs 8.1 mg/dL [1.8 vs 2.0 mmol/L]; P<.001) and ionized @entity460 level (3.76 vs 4.36 mg/dL [0.94 vs 1.09 mmol/L]; P<.001). In addition, the @entity461 changes from baseline demonstrated statistically significant differences at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after the excision between the 2 groups (P<.005). In those @entity1 requiring @entity460 supplementation, 14 (64%) of 22 demonstrated a change in @entity461 level at 20 minutes of greater than 75% from baseline, and in those @entity1 who did not require postoperative @entity460 supplementation, 61 (74%) of 82 demonstrated a change in @entity461 level of less than 75% from baseline (P<.005). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity461 monitoring may be a useful tool in identifying @entity1 who will not require postoperative @entity460 supplementation following total or completion thyroidectomy.

title: The role of intraoperative rapid XXXX monitoring for predicting thyroidectomy-related @entity3747 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone', 'Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fruit set is a key process for crop production in @entity523 which occurs after successful pollination and fertilization naturally. However, parthenocarpic fruit development can be uncoupled from fertilization triggered by exogenous auxin or @entity2273 (GAs). Global transcriptome knowledge during fruit initiation would help to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which these two hormones regulate pollination-dependent and -independent fruit set. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this work, digital gene expression tag profiling (DGE) technology was applied to compare the transcriptomes from pollinated and @entity14462 / @entity15150 -treated ovaries. Activation of @entity1735 metabolism, cell division and expansion as well as the down-regulation of MADS-box is a comprehensive regulatory pathway during pollination-dependent and parthenocarpic fruit set. The signaling cascades of auxin and GA are significantly modulated. The feedback regulations of Aux/IAAs and DELLA genes which functioned to fine-tune auxin and GA response respectively play fundamental roles in triggering fruit initiation. In addition, auxin regulates GA synthesis via up-regulation of GA20ox1 and down-regulation of KNOX. Accordingly, the effect of auxin on fruit set is mediated by GA via @entity66340 and @entity66341 down-regulation, suggesting that both pollination-dependent and parthenocarpic fruit set depend on the crosstalk between auxin and GA. SIGNIFICANCE: This study characterizes the transcriptomic features of ovary development and more importantly unravels the integral roles of auxin and GA on pollination-dependent and parthenocarpic fruit set.

title: Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism Underlying Pollination Dependent and Parthenocarpic Fruit Set Mainly Mediated by Auxin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2273 :: ('MESH:D005875', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellins']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity15150 :: (CHEBI:28833,Chemical) :: ['Gibberellin']


abstract: There is a robust and transient innate immune response in the brain during @entity5694 , which is associated with a cascade of NF-kappaB signaling events and transcriptional activation of genes that encode @entity1505 and the @entity558 receptor @entity45685 . The present study investigated whether circulating @entity558 has the ability to modulate the cerebral innate immune response caused by an intrastriatal (IS) injection of the endotoxin. We also tested the possibility that @entity45685 plays a role in these effects and male @entity35 received an intracerebroventricular injection with an anti- @entity45685 before the IS @entity558 administration. The single @entity558 bolus into the striatum caused a strong and time-dependent transcriptional activation of @entity1505 , @entity24317 , @entity45685 , and @entity657 mRNA in microglial cells ipsilateral to the site of injection. Surprisingly, this wave of induced transcripts was essentially abolished by the systemic endotoxin pretreatment. Such anti-inflammatory properties of circulating @entity558 are mediated via plasma @entity2819 , because exogenous corticoids mimicked while glucocorticoid receptor antagonist @entity3927 prevented the effects of systemic endotoxin challenge. Of interest is the partial involvement of @entity45685 in @entity558 -induced neuroinflammation; the anti- @entity45685 significantly abolished the microglial activity at day 3, but not at times earlier. The inflammatory response provoked by an acute intraparenchymal @entity558 bolus was not associated with convincing neurodegenerative processes. These data provide compelling evidence that systemic @entity32 , through the increase in circulating glucocorticoids, has the ability to prevent the cerebral innate immune reaction triggered by an IS endotoxin injection. This study also further consolidates the existence of such system in the brain, which is finely regulated and its transient activation is not harmful for the neuronal elements.

title: @entity5694 prevents the cerebral inflammatory wave induced by intraparenchymal lipopolysaccharide injection: role of glucocorticoids and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity45685 :: (60350(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity4279 ointment or 2 forms of @entity1217 applied topically to wounds of the distal aspect of the limbs in @entity1641 affect the rate of second intention healing and to evaluate the additional influence of bandaging with these antimicrobials on granulation tissue formation. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult @entity1641 . PROCEDURE: Six standardized 2.5-cm2 skin wounds/ @entity1641 were distributed between the dorsomedial surfaces of the metacarpi and metatarsi. One of the following 6 treatments was applied to each wound: 1% @entity1217 cream with bandage, 1% @entity1217 slow-release matrix with bandage, 1% @entity1217 slow-release matrix without bandage, @entity4279 ointment with bandage, untreated control with bandage, and untreated control without bandage. Wound area, granulation tissue area, and perimeter were measured by use of planimetry software applied to digital images. Exuberant granulation tissue was excised when present. Days until healing, rate of healing parameter, rate of contraction, and epithelialization were compared among wound treatment groups. RESULTS: Healing parameters and mean days to healing did not differ significantly among any of the wound treatment groups. Percentage wound contraction and rate of epithelialization were similar among wound treatments. All bandaged wounds produced exuberant granulation tissue, which was surgically excised; none of the unbandaged wounds produced exuberant granulation tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When exuberant granulation tissue is removed, rates of epithelialization and wound contraction were not different among wound treatment groups, whether bandaged or unbandaged. Topical application of 1% @entity1217 slow-release matrix on unbandaged wounds induced the same result as medications applied beneath bandages, but without exuberant granulation tissue formation.

title: Effects of topical application of antimicrobials and bandaging on healing and granulation tissue formation in wounds of the distal aspect of the limbs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine', 'povidone iodine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: The study was carried out in two different models of @entity4346 : @entity299 and @entity101 . Three groups of strictly age-matched males were studied: one group of 10 young adult untreated essential @entity101 @entity1 (H), a second group of 10 athletes (A), and a group of 10 healthy individuals as controls (C). A Sonos 5500 echograph with S4 harmonic transducer was used with Levovist (ultrasonic tracer) before and after @entity4341 injection; digitised images of quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography were collected with Power Harmonic Doppler. Angio images were analysed using dedicated PC software by placing a region-of-interest on the septum. Peak intensity, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), the area under the curve of appearance and disappearance of microbubbles at 2/3 of PI, both in absolute and indexed values (/LVMi), were sampled. The per cent increase of PI after @entity4341 was significantly higher in C (+73%, P < 0.01) than in H (+31%) and in A (+33%) (P < 0.05). The area of appearance was significantly lower in H in comparison with C and A, both at rest and after vasodilatation. The disappearance area after @entity4341 was significantly higher in C and in A (+124%) than in H (+104%) (P < 0.05). Some hypothesis could be made: an impairment in the coronary microcirculatory function in @entity101 @entity1 could be because of an in-crease in the arteriolar resistance. Angiogenesis and several different functional adaptations are the mechanisms that allow an optimal distribution of @entity26 and of substrates to the hypertrophied myocardium of the athletes.

title: Coronary microcirculation into different models of XXXX - @entity101 and @entity299 : a contrast echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["athlete's heart"]

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: The use of auditory nerve-brainstem responses in differential diagnosis of @entity393 is based on several properties of these responses including response latency. The auditory nerve response latency has been shown to be prolonged in conductive @entity393 . The latency of the brainstem responses is also often prolonged in @entity393 . However, the effect of @entity1274 on auditory nerve response latency is not clear. Several authors report that response latency is prolonged in sensorineural loss, whereas others claim that it is unchanged. To study this, auditory nerve-brainstem responses to 75 dB HL clicks were recorded in normal-hearing subjects and in those with various degrees of high-frequency @entity1274 . In the more extreme @entity393 , the auditory nerve response could not be seen in the response trace, so the latency of the earlobe positive wave from the region of the inferior colliculus was considered as mirroring auditory nerve response latency, since the time interval between these two waves has been shown to be constant. The average latency of the more severe @entity393 group (more than 40 dB @entity393 at 4kHz) was found to be only 0.35 ms longer than that of the normal-hearing group. This value is smaller than that seen in most conductive and retrocochlear @entity393 . This result warrants continued use of prolonged auditory nerve response latency (greater than 0.35 ms) as an indicator of conductive @entity393 . Possible explanations for smaller latency prolongation than expected of the auditory nerve response in @entity1274 are discussed based on the properties of single auditory nerve fibers.

title: The latency of auditory nerve-brainstem responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'retrocochlear hearing loss', 'hearing losses']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing losses', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Candidaemia is frequently a life-threatening complication in @entity1 admitted to the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). To assess the risk factors for candidaemia in @entity3124 @entity1 with prolonged @entity1213 stay, a total of 1765 adult @entity1 admitted for at least 7 days to 73 medical-surgical ICUs of 70 tertiary care hospitals in Spain participated in a prospective cohort study. Candidaemia was defined as recovery of Candida spp. from blood culture. Sixty-eight episodes of candidaemia occurred in 63 @entity1 , representing 35.7 episodes per 1000 @entity1213 @entity1 admitted, with an incidence rate of 1.5 episodes per 1000 days of @entity1213 stay. Causative fungi were @entity5132 in 57.1% of cases and non-albicans Candida spp. in 42.9%. In the multivariate analysis, independent factors significantly associated with candidaemia were Candida colonisation (OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.82-9.33), total parenteral nutrition (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.73-8.78), elective surgery (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.45) and haemofiltration procedures (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62). In the @entity1213 setting in Spain and in @entity1 who have stayed in units for >7 days, more than half of cases of candidaemia were caused by @entity5132 . Risk factors for candidaemia identified included Candida colonisation, elective surgery, total parenteral nutrition and haemodialysis.

title: Risk factors for candidaemia in XXXX @entity1 : a prospective surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LGB) has gained wide popularity, but information on port function is limited. METHODS: In a prospective nonrandomized study, we analyzed port function and related symptoms in 50 consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity28 . All @entity1 underwent LGP in a five trocar technique. In 11 @entity1 , the port was placed subcutaneously in the subxiphoid region. In 39 @entity1 , the port was implanted in the left upper abdomen. Mean duration of follow-up was 2.8 years. RESULTS: @entity1 (12 males and 38 females) had an initial body mass index (BMI) of 47.1 kg/m2. Puncturing the subxiphoidal port was without problems in all 11 @entity1 . However, seven @entity1 reported @entity158 and inconvenience when wearing a brassiere. Two underwent port reimplantation in the left upper abdomen (one due to @entity281 ; one due to @entity158 ). Among the 39 @entity1 with abdominal port implantation, nine @entity1 required port correction (two of them twice). The causes were port dislocation (four cases), difficult puncturing (three), tube leakage (three), and @entity281 (one). CONCLUSION: The high number of complications suggests that the port is the Achilles' heel of LGB. Ports at the subxiphoid site were easier to puncture, but frequently caused @entity158 in female @entity1 .

title: Port function after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Supraglottic injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) has been described as an effective treatment for @entity7364 ( @entity7364 ). Anecdotal evidence suggests that the @entity1 have little to no breathiness after injection, but no formal longitudinal studies have been carried out to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the voice outcomes in @entity1 with @entity7364 after supraglottic Botox injection. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity7364 who were treated with supraglottic Botox injections completed a qualitative self-evaluation of voice function after injection using the percentage of normal function (PNF) scale, a validated, quantitative scale from 0% (no function) to 100% (normal function). Posttreatment voice improvement after injection was determined using a Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 198 supraglottic injections were performed between July 2011 and October 2014. Twenty-five questionnaires were completed. Mean postinjection PNF was 95.0%    8.4% and was significantly increased from the preinjection mean PNF (62.5%)    22.6% (P   <   0.001). The mean best VHI-10 for all injections was 7.23. In 19 of 25 @entity1 (76%), there was no reduction in PNF in the early postinjection period. In the remaining six @entity1 (24%), the decline in mean vocal function was 9.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Supraglottic Botox injection is an effective treatment for @entity7364 . Postinjection voice is significantly improved, and the majority of @entity1 do not experience breathy voice/decline in vocal function after injection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Botulinum toxin treatment of false vocal folds in XXXX : Functional outcomes.

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['ADSD', 'adductor spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['adductor spasmodic dysphonia']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity447 or @entity2880 have recurrent joint bleedings, which can occur spontaneously or as a result of @entity130 . Resorption of intraarticular blood induces an @entity32 of the synovium and @entity16 , finally leading to severe changes of the joint with complete destruction. This process is called @entity2720 . After failure of substitution and intensive conservative therapy after 3 to 6 months, a synovectomy or a synoviorthesis are indicated. In some cases the progression of @entity2720 cannot be stopped and requires @entity2720 . In some cases joint motion cannot be saved and requires arthrodesis. This paper presents methods and results of different operation concepts in @entity1 (n = 39) with @entity447 or @entity2880 . Especially by implanting total knee (n = 17) and total @entity572 (n = 6) we obtained very good functional results after an average follow-up period of 33.3 respectively 56.3 months. In a series of synovectomie of the knee performed before 1990 (n = 7) and followed after an average period of 21.4 years the progression of @entity2720 could not be stopped. In a second series of synovectomy of the knee performed after 1990 (n = 5) and follow after an average period of 5.6 years, at least the mobility of the knee could be saved. Only one @entity1 of a series of supra- and infracondylar osteotomie (n = 9) achieved the wanted result. Further we performed 6 operations on the hindfoot with satisfying results.

title: [Orthopedic interventions in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty', 'hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von-Willebrand-syndrome', 'B and von Willebrand Syndrome']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e20516 Background: After resection of @entity677 , accurate staging is crucial in order to optimize disease management. @entity1 (pts) with big @entity5 size, high mitotic activity and unfavourable localization of primary @entity5 have a high risk of recurrence. This study was performed to analyse the influence of PET/CT on further therapy management after resection of @entity677 . METHODS: 34 pts underwent PET/CT four to eight weeks after R0 resection of a primary @entity677 and all known @entity3 . 29 of them had preoperative imaging by CT-scan and/or ultrasound. Minimum follow-up with regular CT imaging is 5 years. RESULTS: According to the Miettinen risk classification system, 28 pts were classified as high risk @entity677 . 6/34 pts had metastatic @entity677 with complete resection of all known @entity3 . In 3/28 primarily non-metastatic pts and 2/6 primarily metastatic pts, @entity3 were detected by PET/CT. In one non-metastatic @entity1 , an early stage @entity151 was diagnosed. Wrong positive results occurred in 5/34 pts with one being identified as " @entity75 " and one as "inflamed urinary calculi". One @entity1 with positive PET/CT was diagnosed with @entity86 and underwent re-laparotomy. Two wrong positive results without clinical relevance occurred in pts who underwent PET/CT less than 6 weeks after operation. Overall, a higher rate of unspecific findings was reported if PET/CT was performed less than 6 weeks after surgery. In 3 pts, suspicious lesions described preoperatively could be identified as non-malignant by PET/CT with no @entity3 detected during follow-up. There were two wrong negative results with lesions interpreted as unspecific findings by PET/CT and subsequently identified as @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: If PET/CT is performed not earlier than 6 to 8 weeks after surgery, it can improve the diagnostic accuracy and influence treatment decision.

title: Influence of PET/CT on therapeutic management after resection of high-risk or very high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid like lesion']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative abscess']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity860 ( @entity8582 ) may reflect airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness, but relationship between @entity8582 and @entity112 ( @entity14614 , a conventional stimulus) bronchial provocation test (BPT) in @entity565 is not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To compare both BPTs and determine their utility in reflecting changes of @entity748 symptoms. METHODS: BPTs were performed in cross-over fashion, at 2-4day intervals. Cumulative doses eliciting 20% FEV1 fall (PD20 FEV1 ), diagnostic performance and adverse events were compared. @entity1 with PD20 FEV1 lower than geometric mean were defined as responders, otherwise poor responders. @entity1 with uncontrolled and partly controlled @entity565 , who maintained their original inhaled corticosteroids therapy, underwent reassessment of airway responsiveness and @entity748 symptoms 3 and 6 months after. RESULTS: Nineteen uncontrolled, 22 partly controlled and 19 controlled @entity748 @entity1 and 24 healthy subjects were recruited. Lower PD20 FEV1 geometric means were associated with poorer @entity565 control in @entity14614 -BPT (0.424 mol vs. 1.684 mol vs. 3.757 mol), but not @entity8582 -BPT (11.810 mol vs. 7.781 molvs. 10.220 mol). Both BPTs yielded similar overall diagnostic performance in @entity565 (area under curve: 0.842 in @entity8582 -BPT vs. 0.850 in @entity14614 -BPT). Adverse events, including wheezing and @entity7405 , were similar and mild. 10 @entity1 with uncontrolled and 10 partly controlled @entity565 were followed-up. At months 3 and 6, we documented increase in PD20 FEV1 - @entity8582 and PD20 FEV1 - @entity14614 , which did not correlate with reduction @entity748 symptom scores. This overall applied in responders and poor responders of @entity8582 -BPT and @entity14614 -BPT. CONCLUSION: Despite higher screening capacity of well-controlled @entity565 , @entity8582 -BPT confers similar diagnostic performance and safety with @entity14614 -BPT. @entity8582 -BPT might not preferentially reflect @entity748 symptoms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity860 is not superior to @entity112 for bronchial provocation test for assessment of XXXX control and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) characteristics of @entity1860 in @entity9638 ( @entity1860 -BC). METHODS: Marrow cells from 31 @entity1860 -BC @entity1 were studied by bone marrow smears with morphological and cytochemical stain analysis. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by micro blood method and flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using bone marrow cells prepared directly and or after 24 hours culture. RHG banding was used for karyotypic analysis. RESULTS: 23 @entity1 (74.2%) were found to have @entity9638 . 5 cases (16.1%) had a B-lymphoid immunophenotype and 4 of them expressed myeloid associated antigens at the same time. Another 3 cases were classified as @entity3052 (AUL 1 @entity1 ) and acute @entity2800 (AMLL 2 @entity1 ) with B and myeloid markers expression. A significant proportion (67.7%) of @entity9638 cases were @entity1050 (34) positive. @entity1050 (34) was expressed in 80.0% of lymphoid and 65.2% of myeloid BC. Analysis of the relationship between @entity1050 (7) and @entity1050 (34) expression in blasts of myeloid crisis showed their dual expression in 8/23 (34.8%) of the cases. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that 14/27 (51.9%) of the @entity1 had developed secondary cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to the Ph chromosome. These newly emerging abnormalities included a trisomy 8 in 3 @entity1 , a double Ph chromosome in 3 @entity1 , an iso chromosome 17q in 2 @entity1 , loss of Y chromosome in 1 patent and other complicated translocation in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Blast crisis of @entity1860 is a kind of disease of stem cell. The differentiation of blast cell is blocked in the early stage. The prognosis of such @entity1 is poor. @entity2008 showed its important values in diagnosis, judgement of prognosis and determination of therapeutic protocol of @entity1860 -BC.

title: [The @entity2008 characteristics study of @entity9638 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis', 'myeloid blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid -lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute undifferentiated leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['morphological, immunophenotypical and cytogenetic', 'MIC']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between January 1988 and December 2002, 97 @entity1 underwent surgery for excision of @entity5513 via the retrosigmoid approach at Christchurch Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of the clinical notes with emphasis on facial nerve function and hearing preservation postoperatively. RESULTS: Of @entity1 with small and medium-sized @entity5 , 81% had good facial nerve function at 1 year (House-Brackmann grade 1 and grade 2), 16% had moderate function (grade 3 and grade 4) and 3% had poor function (grade 5). Of @entity1 with large @entity5 , 22% had good facial function (grade 1 and grade 2), 37% had moderate function (grade 3 and grade 4) and 41% had poor function (grade 5 and grade 6). Useful postoperative hearing was preserved in 21% of the 47 @entity1 with @entity5 <3 cm and useful preoperative hearing. In the last 5 years the authors have been operating in conjunction with an ear, nose and throat surgeon (PAB) trained in base-of-skull surgery. Over this period, useful hearing was preserved in 32% of @entity1 with small and medium-sized @entity5 and useful preoperative hearing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 size was an important predictor of the postoperative facial and cochlear nerve function. The multidisciplinary approach to these @entity5 offers better results. These results compare well with other published series.

title: Facial nerve function and hearing preservation after retrosigmoid excision of @entity5513 : Christchurch Hospital experience with 97 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The prevalence and morbidity associated with @entity170 and @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) highlight the importance of @entity170 prevention and treatment in early childhood; however, the issue has received little attention. The method for the selection of appropriate @entity1 for drug treatment has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature concerning @entity174 risks and low bone density in paediatric @entity1 with @entity3570 . We looked for studies describing state-of-the-art treatments and for prevention of secondary @entity170 . METHODS: Articles were identified through a search in the electronic database (PUBMED) supplemented with reviews of the reference lists of selected papers. The main outcome measures were incidence of @entity174 and risk factors for @entity174 , an association between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and occurrence of @entity174 , risk factors of @entity79 , and effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments on @entity79 and on the incidence of @entity174 . We considered as a secondary outcome the occurrence of @entity174 in relation to the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: Results indicated that @entity1 with @entity3570 are at increased risk for @entity174 and @entity79 . Risk factors that may predispose @entity1 to @entity174 include higher levels of neurological involvement, non-ambulatory status, physical inactivity, @entity5200 , higher body fat levels, contractures, and a previous spontaneous @entity174 . Limitations were observed in the number and quality of studies concerning @entity170 prevention and treatment in paediatric @entity1 with @entity3570 . The safety and efficiency of drugs to treat @entity170 in adults have not been evaluated satisfactorily in @entity1 with @entity3570 .

title: @entity170 in paediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['SB', 'spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low BMD', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: PURPOSE: Blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), an important research and clinical tool, depends on relatively greater transient increases in (regional cerebral blood flow) rCBF than cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 during neural activity. We investigated whether reduced resting rCBF in @entity1 with @entity1315 affects BOLD signal during fMRI language mapping. METHODS: We used [ @entity8493 ] water positron emission tomography (PET) to measure rCBF, and 3 Tesla echo planar imaging (EPI) BOLD fMRI with an auditory description decision task in 33 @entity1 with @entity1315 (16 @entity1 ; mean age 33.6    standard deviation [SD] 10.6 years; @entity302 onset 14.8    10.6 years; mean duration 18.8    13.2 years; 23 left focus, 10 right focus). Anatomic regions drawn on structural MRI, based on the Wake Forest @entity8637 Atlas, included @entity244 ( @entity244 ), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and hippocampus (HC). Laterality indices (LIs), and asymmetry indices (AIs), were calculated on coregistered fMRI and PET. KEY FINDINGS: Twelve @entity1 had @entity3877 (seven on the left), two @entity1 had a @entity5 or @entity600 of cortical development (both left), one @entity1 a right temporal cyst, and 18 @entity1 had normal MRI (14 left). Decreasing relative left @entity244 CBF correlated with decreased left IFG voxel activation and decreasing left IFG @entity3162 . However, CBF @entity244 AI was not related to left @entity244 voxel activation itself or @entity244 @entity3162 . There was a weak positive correlation between absolute CBF and fMRI activation in left IFG, right IFG, and left @entity244 . @entity1 with normal and abnormal MRI did not differ in fMRI activation or rCBF AIs. SIGNIFICANCE: Reduced @entity244 rCBF is associated with reduced fMRI activation in IFG but not @entity244 itself, suggesting distributed network effects, but not impairment of underlying BOLD response. Hypoperfusion in TLE does not affect fMRI clinical value.

title: Cerebral blood flow and fMRI BOLD auditory language activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['WA', "Wernicke's area"]

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: About one third of @entity1 with @entity302 are refractory to medical treatment. For these @entity1 , alternative treatment options include implantable neurostimulation devices such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the available evidence on the clinical efficacy of these devices in @entity1 with @entity302 across their lifespan. VNS has the largest evidence base, and numerous randomized controlled trials and open-label studies support its use in the treatment of @entity302 . It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1997 for treatment of partial @entity410 , but has also shown significant benefit in the treatment of generalized @entity410 . Results in adult populations have been more encouraging than in pediatric populations, where more studies are required. VNS is considered a safe and well-tolerated treatment, and serious side effects are rare. DBS is a well-established treatment for several @entity717 , and has a small evidence base for treatment of @entity302 . Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus has shown the most encouraging results, where significant decreases in @entity410 frequency were reported. Other potential targets include the centromedian thalamic nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia structures. Preliminary results on @entity1850 , new-generation implantable neurostimulation devices which stimulate brain structures only when @entity302 activity is detected, are encouraging. Overall, implantable neurostimulation devices appear to be a safe and beneficial treatment option for @entity1 in whom medical treatment has failed to adequately control their @entity302 . Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to provide a sufficient evidence base for the inclusion of DBS and @entity1850 in clinical guidelines.

title: Clinical utility of implantable neurostimulation devices as adjunctive treatment of uncontrolled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['responsive neurostimulation systems', 'RNS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: A multicenter clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity4044 extract @entity12689 and @entity20024 at recommended doses in @entity1 with vertigo. One hundred and sixty @entity1 (mean age 58 years) were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with @entity12689 (240   mg   per day) or @entity20024 (32   mg per   day) for 12 weeks. An 11-point numeric analogue scale, the Vertigo Symptom Scale-short form, the Clinical Global Impression Scales and the Sheehan Disability Scale were used as outcome measures. Both treatment groups were comparable at baseline and improved in all outcome measures during the course of treatment. There was no significant intergroup difference with regard to changes in any outcome measure. Numerically, improvements of @entity1 receiving @entity12689 were slightly more pronounced on all scales. Clinical global impression was rated "very much improved" or "much improved" in 79% of @entity1 treated with @entity12689 and in 70% receiving @entity20024 . With 27 adverse events in 19 @entity1 , @entity12689 showed better tolerability than @entity20024 with 39 adverse events in 31 @entity1 . In conclusion, the two drugs were similarly effective in the treatment of vertigo, but @entity12689 was better tolerated. This trial is registered with controlled-trials.com ISRCTN02262139.

title: Treatment of Vertigo: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of @entity4044 Extract XXXX and @entity20024 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity20024 :: ('MESH:D001621', 'Chemical') :: ['betahistine']

answer: @entity12689 :: (MESH:C063170,Chemical) :: ['EGb 761']


abstract: Accurate identification of @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ) is particularly complicated because the vegetative symptoms of @entity308 also reflect core features of this @entity792 . Self-reported symptoms in @entity1 with @entity12319 (n = 103) and community control subjects (n = 136) were examined with the British @entity308 Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The @entity1 with @entity1252 higher scores on most items of the former inventory. A logistic regression analysis assessed whether a subset of these items were uniquely related to group membership. Clinically significant fatigue was much more common in @entity1 with @entity1252 than in the control group. Two items relating to @entity25 also entered the equation as unique predictors. The three-variable model resulted in 85% of the control subjects and 66% of the @entity1 being correctly classified. A subset of @entity1 with @entity308 , according to the Beck inventory (17 or higher), were selected (n = 41). Their most frequently endorsed symptoms on the British Columbia Inventory were fatigue (90.2%), trouble failing asleep (70.7%), @entity73 (61%), and @entity1155 slowing (58.5%). Only 29.3% reported significant sadness. 15% of these subjects were classified as not depressed, 46% as possibly depressed, and 39% as probably depressed on the British Columbia Inventory. It is advisable to assess whether @entity1 are experiencing significant sadness or loss of interest before concluding that a high score on a screening test corresponds to probable @entity308 .

title: Screening for @entity308 in XXXX with the British @entity308 Inventory.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Columbia Major Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulty']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus obtained', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analysis of quarterly incidences of selected types of @entity600 in the Czech Republic in 1994-2000. SETTING: Institute for the Care of Mother and @entity1 , Prague; Department of Medical Genetics, Thomayer Hospital, Prague and Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Prague. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective analysis of quarterly data from registers of @entity600 in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Processing and analysis of incidences of selected @entity600 in the Czech Republic in relative numbers (per 10,000 liveborn @entity1 ). The ratio of observed/expected values was calculated. RESULTS: During the period between Jan. 1 1994 and Dec. 31 2000 a total of 654 695 liveborn @entity1 were born (for 2000 preliminary data). This number included 18,008 @entity1 with one or more @entity600 . The mean incidence of all cases during the observation period was 262.99 per 10,000 liveborn @entity1 . In the analysis the authors discuss in detail also the frequency and its changes of eleven selected types of @entity600 . CONCLUSION: Continuous registration and analysis of the incidence of @entity14079 are essential as the basis for evaluation of the influence of the mentioned factors on the incidence of @entity14079 .

title: [Routine monitoring of congenital defects in XXXX in the Czech Republic. History and present status].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Child']

entities_list: @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['inborn defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Angiogenesis contributes to @entity301 , @entity1200 , and @entity5 . @entity7 ( @entity7 )-A and its receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis. In an effort to discover more efficacious inhibitors to block @entity5 angiogenesis, we investigated a novel @entity16465 derivative, PPemd26, and explored its anti-angiogenic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The effects of PPemd26 were evaluated in vitro using @entity1 umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo using matrigel plug and xenograft @entity19 models. KEY RESULTS: PPemd26 significantly inhibited @entity7 -induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs. PPemd26 also attenuated @entity7 -induced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo and suppressed new vasculature formation in implanted matrigel plugs in in vivo angiogenesis animal models. In addition, PPemd26 inhibited @entity7 -induced phosphorylation of @entity319 and its downstream protein kinases including @entity584 , @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ), @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) and @entity7242 . Furthermore, systemic administration of PPemd26 suppressed the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of @entity1 @entity694 in vivo. Analysis of the xenografts revealed a marked reduction in staining of vasculature marker @entity2279 and proliferation marker Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study provides evidence that PPemd26 suppresses @entity5 angiogenesis through inhibiting @entity319 signaling pathways, suggesting that PPemd26 is a potential drug candidate for developing anti-angiogenic agent in field of @entity5 and angiogenesis-related diseases.

title: PPemd26, an @entity16465 derivative, suppresses angiogenesis via inhibiting XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'VEGF-A', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'numerous malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VEGFR2']


abstract: We report herein, facile metabolite identification workflow on the anti-depressant @entity9021 , which is derived from accurate mass measurements based on a single run/experimental analysis. A hybrid LTQ/orbitrap mass spectrometer was used to obtain accurate mass full scan @entity15 and @entity15 / @entity15 in a data-dependent fashion to eliminate the reliance on a parent mass list. Initial screening utilized a high mass tolerance ( approximately 10 ppm) to filter the full scan @entity15 data for previously reported @entity9021 metabolites. The tight mass tolerance reduces or eliminates background chemical noise, dramatically increasing sensitivity for confirming or eliminating the presence of metabolites as well as isobaric forms. The full scan accurate mass analysis of suspected metabolites can be confirmed or refuted using three primary tools: (1) predictive chemical formula and corresponding mass error analysis, (2) rings-plus-double bonds, and (3) accurate mass product ion spectra of parent and suspected metabolites. Accurate mass characterization of the parent ion structure provided the basis for assessing structural assignment for metabolites. Metabolites were also characterized using parent product ion m/z values to filter all tandem mass spectra for identification of precursor ions yielding similar product ions. Identified metabolite parent masses were subjected to chemical formula calculator based on accurate mass as well as bond saturation. Further analysis of potential @entity9021 metabolites was executed using accurate mass product ion spectra. Reported mass measurement errors for all full scan @entity15 and @entity15 / @entity15 spectra was <3 ppm, regardless of relative ion abundance, which enabled the use of predictive software in determining product ion structure. The ability to conduct biotransformation profiling via tandem mass spectrometry coupled with accurate mass measurements, all in a single experimental run, is clearly one of the most attractive features of this methodology.

title: Application of a linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer in metabolite characterization studies: examination of the human liver microsomal metabolism of the non-tricyclic anti-depressant XXXX using data-dependent accurate mass measurements.

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

answer: @entity9021 :: (MESH:C051752,Chemical) :: ['nefazodone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether @entity1 with early-stage @entity978 and negative findings on positron-emission tomography (PET) after three cycles of chemotherapy with @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity2699 (ABVD) require radiotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed stage IA or @entity978 received three cycles of ABVD and then underwent PET scanning. @entity1 with negative PET findings were randomly assigned to receive involved-field radiotherapy or no further treatment; @entity1 with positive PET findings received a fourth cycle of ABVD and radiotherapy. This trial assessing the noninferiority of no further treatment was designed to exclude a difference in the 3-year progression-free survival rate of 7 or more percentage points from the assumed 95% progression-free survival rate in the radiotherapy group. RESULTS: A total of 602 @entity1 (53.3% male; median age, 34 years) were recruited, and 571 @entity1 underwent PET scanning. The PET findings were negative in 426 of these @entity1 (74.6%), 420 of whom were randomly assigned to a study group (209 to the radiotherapy group and 211 to no further therapy). At a median of 60 months of follow-up, there had been 8 instances of disease progression in the radiotherapy group, and 8 @entity1 had died (3 with disease progression, 1 of whom died from @entity978 ); there had been 20 instances of disease progression in the group with no further therapy, and 4 @entity1 had died (2 with disease progression and none from @entity978 ). In the radiotherapy group, 5 of the @entity204 occurred in @entity1 who received no radiotherapy. The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.5 to 97.7) in the radiotherapy group and 90.8% (95% CI, 86.9 to 94.8) in the group that received no further therapy, with an absolute risk difference of -3.8 percentage points (95% CI, -8.8 to 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study did not show the noninferiority of the strategy of no further treatment after chemotherapy with regard to progression-free survival. Nevertheless, @entity1 in this study with early-stage @entity978 and negative PET findings after three cycles of ABVD had a very good prognosis either with or without consolidation radiotherapy. (Funded by Leukaemia and @entity706 and others; RAPID ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00943423.).

title: Results of a trial of PET-directed therapy for early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma Research']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["stage IIA Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity4581 in the treatment of @entity17393 ( @entity17393 ). STUDY DESIGN: Double blind randomized controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dermatology OPD, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from July 2008 to July 2009. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 aged above 10 years, diagnosed with @entity17393 , were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 each to receive either @entity4581 or similar-looking placebo for one week. Neither the @entity1 nor the treating physician knew to which group the @entity1 belonged. @entity1 were assessed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after presentation and compared for complete, partial or no response. RESULTS: Among the 60 @entity1 , no significant difference was found between the two groups at 2 weeks after presentation (p = 0.598). In the placebo group, complete response was seen in 20 (66.7%), partial response in 3 (10.0%) while no response was seen in 7 (23.3%). In @entity4581 group, there was complete response in 23 (76.7%), partial response in 3 (10.0%) and no response in 4 (13.3%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4581 is not effective in treatment of @entity17393 .

title: Efficacy of @entity4581 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17393 :: ('MESH:D017515', 'Disease') :: ['PR', 'pityriasis rosea', 'Pityriasis Rosea']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Clarithromycin', 'clarithromycin']

answer: @entity17393 :: (MESH:D017515,Disease) :: ['pityriasis rosea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To study the feasibility, adverse effects and response of concurrent weekly @entity1205 with radical radiotherapy in inoperable locally advanced @entity135 and @entity213 . (2) To assess the compliance and tolerance of weekly @entity1205 with radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty one @entity1 with stage III and IV @entity135 and @entity213 satisfying inclusion criteria were selected and treated with conventional external radiotherapy of 70Gy in 35 fractions with weekly concurrent @entity1205 (15mg/sqm), administered one hour before radiotherapy. Assessment of @entity137 and evaluationof response was carried out. RESULTS: Majority of @entity1 had stage IV diseaseand 17/21 (81%) received the planned radiotherapydose of 70Gy and >= 4 cycles of weekly chemotherapy. Duration of treatment ranged from 7.1to 11.2 weeks. The @entity137 noted were @entity33 in 57% and grade III skin reaction in 23%, grade III @entity1282 in 38% and grade II @entity353 in 23% of @entity1 . Systemic @entity137 associated with chemotherapy were minimal and there was no dose limiting @entity137 . The overall locoregional response at first follow up was 85%, with complete response of 70% and partial response of 15%. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity1205 is a feasible and suitable alternate to @entity900 and @entity1487 chemotherapy with good @entity1 compliance. The late @entity137 and survival need to be followed up.

title: Feasibility and response of concurrent weekly XXXX with radical radiotherapy in locally advanced @entity135 and @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III mucositis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: The possibility that @entity410 may be intercorrelated has not been sufficiently investigated. A handful of studies, the majority based on @entity1 @entity410 diaries, provide disparate results: some claim that @entity410 are serially correlated and others that they are random events. This study investigates the effect that a @entity410 may have on the time of occurrence and severity of subsequent ones in subjects undergoing invasive surgical evaluation. METHODS: The Savit-Green statistic, a measure of time series lag dependency, was applied to @entity410 sequences derived from the ECoGs of 26 @entity302 surgery candidates. @entity410 onset times, intensities and durations were obtained using a validated @entity410 detection algorithm, and from these, inter- @entity410 intervals (ISI) and severities were computed and their lag dependencies were compared to suitably randomized and amplitude-scaled linear surrogate sets. RESULTS: The null hypothesis ( @entity410 are uncorrelated) was rejected (p<0.05) for ISI in 12/26 subjects and for @entity410 severity in 13/26. The temporal correlations spanned up to three preceding @entity410 and were nonlinear in 7/12 subjects for ISI and in 8/13 for severity. An important finding is that dependencies may be related to the frequency of @entity410 in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that under certain conditions, there are linear and nonlinear @entity410 dependencies of low order and at small time scales (minutes to hours), for ISI and @entity410 severity. This observation has important implications for studies of @entity410 predictability, which de facto treat @entity410 as independent occurrences. Given the study subjects' conditions, it is not clear if the dependencies reflect innate brain dynamics, drug withdrawal, local @entity130 or a combination of these.

title: XXXX are temporally interdependent under certain conditions.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic seizures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 cells divide rapidly, providing medical targets for anticancer agents. The polyphenolic @entity11676 (GA) is known to be toxic for certain @entity5 cells. However, the cellular mode of action has not been elucidated. Therefore, the current study addressed a potential effect of GA on the mitosis of @entity5 cells. GA inhibited viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. We could show, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), that this inhibition was accompanied by elevated frequency of cells arrested at the G2/M transition. This cell-cycle arrest was accompanied by mitotic catastrophe, and formation of cells with multiple nuclei. These aberrations were preceded by impaired centrosomal clustering. We arrive at a model of action, where GA inhibits the progression of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by impairing centrosomal clustering which will stimulate mitotic catastrophe. Thus, GA has potential as compound against @entity5 .

title: XXXX induces mitotic catastrophe and inhibits centrosomal clustering in HeLa cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

answer: @entity11676 :: (MESH:D005707,Chemical) :: ['Gallic acid']


abstract: Influenza is a serious @entity1576 among immunocompromised individuals, such as the elderly, and its prevention is an urgent social issue. Influenza viruses rely on neuraminidase (NA) activity to release progeny viruses from infected cells and spreading the @entity281 . NA is, therefore, an important target of anti- @entity683 drugs. A causal relationship between @entity778 has not yet been established, however, a positive correlation between them has been reported. Thus, in this study, we examined the biological effects of oral mitis group streptococci, which are predominant constituents of @entity1 oral florae, on the release of @entity683 viruses. Among them, @entity9858 ATCC 10557 and @entity6419 ATCC 6249 were found to exhibit NA activity and their culture supernatants promoted the release of @entity683 virus and cell-to-cell spread of the @entity281 . In addition, culture supernatants of these NA-producing oral bacteria increased viral M1 protein expression levels and cellular ERK activation. These effects were not observed with culture supernatants of @entity6419 sanguinis @entity885 which lacks the ability to produce NA. Although the NA inhibitor @entity685 suppressed the release of progeny viruses from the infected cells, the viral release was restored upon the addition of culture supernatants of NA-producing @entity9858 ATCC 10557 or @entity6419 ATCC 6249. These findings suggest that an increase in the number of NA-producing oral bacteria could elevate the risk of and exacerbate the @entity281 , hampering the efficacy of viral NA inhibitor drugs.

title: Neuraminidase-producing oral mitis group streptococci potentially contribute to XXXX viral infection and reduction in antiviral efficacy of @entity685 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['bacteria and influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity9858 :: ('1303', 'Species') :: ['S. oralis', 'Streptococcus oralis']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity6419 :: ('28037', 'Species') :: ['S. mitis', 'Streptococcus mitis', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6575 Introduction: The Bexxar therapeutic regimen can produce durable and complete responses in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory low-grade @entity1893 . Virtually all previous studies of radioimmunotherapeutic agents (including Bexxar therapy) for @entity1893 excluded @entity1 with extensive bone marrow involvement (BMI) with @entity5 (>25% intertrabecular space) due to risk of excess hematologic @entity137 . Therefore, we evaluated Bexxar therapy specifically in this @entity1 population to assess safety and @entity137 in a dose-escalation study. METHODS: Subjects were required to have baseline BMI of >25% and platelet count of 150,000/mm(3). A @entity1 -specific dose of @entity1496 131 Tositumomab was administered to deliver a defined amount of total body radiation. Dose escalation began at a total body dose of 45 cGy (subsequently increased in increments of 10 cGy). Dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as ANC < 500/mm(3) or platelets <25,000/mm(3) for >17 d; or ANC <750/mm(3) or platelets <50,000/mm(3) for >24 d. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were enrolled (8 at 45 cGy and 3 at 55 cGy). Estimated BMI was 30% to 65%, with median of approx 40%. Subjects had a median of 3 prior chemotherapies (range: 1-6). One of 6 evaluable @entity1 treated at 45 cGy experienced hematologic DLT. Three @entity1 (estimated BMI 40-60%) received 55 cGy, with 1 having hematologic DLT concurrent with @entity706 progression with extensive BMI. Three of 11 (27%) subjects received hematologic supportive care. @entity1503 were minimal and were similar to previous studies. Two @entity1 responded with durations of 1 and 43.6+ months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with >25 % bone marrow involvement with Bexxar therapy was well tolerated at 45 cGy total body dose and can result in @entity706 responses. Further studies with additional @entity1 and at higher doses are required to further characterize the @entity21035 and to establish efficacy. [Table: see text].

title: A dose-escalation study of tositumomab and @entity1496 I 131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in pts with previously treated XXXX ( @entity1893 ) with > 25% bone marrow involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicities']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: 1. The effect of removing the epithelium on the responses of the @entity840 isolated @entity825 (GPT) to @entity1812 (BK) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) was investigated. 2. BK (3 pmol-10 nmol) induced dose-related relaxations of the intact (with epithelium), and contracted the rubbed (without epithelium) preparation of GPT. Similar responses were also obtained with @entity1421 (0.3-3.0 nmol). 3. @entity3352 (1.4 microM) modified the BK-induced response of intact GPT, from a relaxation to a contraction, but inhibited the BK-induced contraction of the rubbed GPT. 4. There was a significant increase in @entity1421 release from the intact GPT following stimulation with BK. 5. Removal of the epithelium from the GPT significantly reduced both basal and BK-induced generation of @entity1421 . 6. The induction of tone in the rubbed GPT by addition of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) caused BK and @entity1421 (0.3 nmol-3 nmol) to produce relaxations of the tissue. 7. @entity3045 (10(-8) M-10(-6) M) reduced the relaxations induced by BK on intact GPT, in a concentration-dependent manner. 8. These results suggest that both tone and an epithelial-dependent cyclo-oxygenase mechanism are important in modulating BK-induced responses of GPT.

title: The role of the epithelium in modulating the responses of @entity840 @entity825 induced by XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: A putative @entity5660 type III deiodinase (D3) cDNA was amplified by PCR, using primers to evolutionarily conserved sequences. The RACE-derived complete cDNA was then identified by sequence comparison to that in tilapia and other vertebrates. The cDNA coded for a predicted 31,500 kDa protein of 278 @entity1522 , with a hydrophobic trans-membrane segment and with 80% similarity to tilapia D3 and 39% similarity to @entity5660 type II deiodinase (D2). It also showed a @entity16266 codon at position 141 and a putative SECIS element in the 3' untranslated end. In the liver, a second form of D3 was found that differed only at this 3' untranslated region; the coding region was identical in both forms. The D3 mRNA, measured by RT-PCR using primers located within the common, translated portion of the cDNA, was expressed in the brain and, depending on thyroidal status, in liver and kidney. Holding trout for 7 days in static water as opposed to flowing water caused increased plasma T4 levels, decreased hepatic D2 mRNA levels and T4 outer-ring deiodination (ORD) activity and increased D3 mRNA levels and T3 inner-ring ( @entity16441 ) activity. Trout held in flowing water and fed T3 for 7 days showed increased plasma T3 levels and hepatic D3 mRNA levels and T3 @entity16441 activity but decreased D2 mRNA levels and T4ORD activity. Trout held in static water and exposed to ambient T4 for 7 days showed increased plasma T4 levels and hepatic T3IRD activity but with no significant change in D2 or D3 mRNA levels. We conclude that hepatic D3 mRNA levels and T3IRD activity are enhanced and D2 mRNA levels and T4ORD activity are suppressed by adverse holding conditions or T3 treatment suggesting that the putative D3 cDNA and D2 cDNA represent respectively the genes determining T3IRD and T4ORD activities. However, there were changes in the ratios of mRNA levels to enzyme activity, raising the potential for post-transcriptional regulation and showing that mRNA levels alone may be unreliable indices of deiodinase activity. Post-transcriptional regulation of D3 enzyme activity may be influenced by the observed alternative 3' and 5' untranslated regions of the D3 mRNA.

title: A cDNA for a putative type III deiodinase in the trout ( XXXX ): influence of holding conditions and thyroid hormone treatment on its hepatic expression.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Canadian guidelines define @entity263 ( @entity263 ) at high risk of developing metastases using PSA doubling time (PSADT) < 8 months, whereby @entity1 may be offered more frequent bone scans/imaging. We evaluated PSA data from nonmetastatic (M0) @entity263 @entity1 treated at urology and oncology clinics across the United States (US) to describe the proportion and characteristics of @entity1 who met @entity263 and high-risk criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified @entity263 @entity1 aged = 18 years receiving @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) in 2011 from electronic health records (EHR), covering 129 urology and 64 oncology practices across the US. We estimated the proportion of @entity263 @entity1 with evidence of @entity263 (consecutive rising PSAs) and subsets that may be at high risk (using several PSA and PSADT cut-points). RESULTS: Among 3121 @entity263 @entity1 actively treated with ADT, 1188 (38%) had evidence of @entity263 . Of these, 712 (60%) qualified as high risk in 2011 based on PSADT < 8 months (equivalent to = 8 months in these data). @entity1 = 65 years were more likely to have evidence of @entity263 than younger @entity1 , although younger @entity1 were more likely to have evidence of high-risk disease. @entity263 was more common among @entity1 receiving ADT in the oncology setting than the urology setting (48% versus 37%). CONCLUSIONS: In this large EHR study with @entity1 -level PSA data, 38% of @entity1 with @entity263 treated with ADT had @entity263 . Approximately 60% of M0 @entity263 @entity1 may experience a PSADT of < 8 months. These findings require validation in a Canadian @entity1 population.

title: Estimating high-risk castration resistant @entity263 ( XXXX ) using electronic health records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'M0 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['CRPC']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment decisions in clinical oncology are guided by results from phase III @entity922 ( @entity922 ). The results of subgroup analyses may be potentially important in individualizing @entity1 care. We investigated the appropriateness of the use and interpretation of subgroup analyses in oncology @entity922 on the basis of the CONSORT statement requirements. METHODS: Phase III @entity922 published between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, were reviewed to identify eligible studies of solid @entity5 treatments. Information related to the subgroup analyses included prespecification, number, subgroup factors, interaction test use, and claim of subgroup difference. RESULTS: A total of 221 publications reporting data on 184,500 @entity1 were analyzed. One hundred eighty-eight (85%) @entity922 were reported with subgroup analyses. Of those, 146 (78%) trials were reported with at least six subgroups. For the majority of trials with subgroup analyses (173; 92%), the actual number of subgroup analyses conducted cannot be determined. Only 59 (31%) @entity922 were reported with fully prespecified subgroups and only 64 (34%) trials were reported with interaction tests. In addition, 102 (54%) @entity922 were reported with claims of subgroup differences. Of those, only 18 claims of @entity922 (18%) were based on significant interaction test results. CONCLUSION: The reporting of subgroup analyses in contemporary oncology @entity922 is neither uniform nor complete; it requires improvement to ensure consistency and to provide critical information for guiding @entity1 care. Major problems include testing of a large number of subgroups, subgroups without prespecifications, and inadequate use of interaction tests.

title: Subgroup Analyses in Reporting of Phase III Clinical Trials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Solid Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The level of agreement between two blood pressure (BP) reading methods, auscultatory vs oscillometric, was examined using a @entity349 sphygmomanometer and an electronic device in @entity1 and adolescents with different levels of @entity28 . The readings were compared to see their impact on the diagnosis of pre- @entity101 / @entity101 . METHODS: Blood pressure readings were taken in @entity1 with @entity28 (body mass index >=  95th percentile) and severe @entity28 (>= 120% 95th percentile). We used the Bland-Altman analysis and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient to determine the agreement between measurements. RESULTS: The @entity349 sphygmomanometer readings were lower than those obtained with the electronic device for both systolic and diastolic BP (p=0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The average systolic and diastolic BP differences between the oscillometric vs first @entity349 reading were 4.2/10.2mm Hg, respectively. A large difference was observed between the BP measurement methods. The ICC showed regular to moderate reliability for the systolic BP (.595) but poor for the diastolic BP (.330). Screening using the first of three @entity349 measurements showed that 10.4% of the @entity1 and adolescents had BPs within the pre- @entity101 / @entity101 range. This was reduced to 5.2% when the three @entity349 readings were averaged. CONCLUSIONS: Large discrepancies were observed in both the systolic and diastolic BP. These differences are not clinically acceptable to consider the two instrument interchangeable. The electronic device readings were higher and they overestimated the diagnosis of @entity101 .

title: Comparison of auscultatory and oscillometric BP readings in @entity1 with @entity28 and the effect on diagnosing arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of the WOMAC index score, health-related quality of life and physical performance in each domain affected by @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to identify gender differences in the importance of these domains and physical performances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a population-based study for radiographic knee @entity571 among @entity1 aged more than 65   years. Demographic data were collected and anthropometric measurement, radiographic assessment, the WOMAC index score, the short-form 12 (SF-12), the Timed and Up to Go Test (TUGT) and the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) were performed. RESULT: There were 901 individuals (409 males and 492 females) aged 74.04  6.92 (male: 76.35  7.33; female: 72.12  5.92) years included in this study. The WOMAC scores of @entity1 with @entity571 were higher than those without @entity571 in males and females (male: 11.97  15.79 vs 8.23  12.84, p<0.001; female: 10.61  14.97 vs 7.59  3.31, p=0.032). The physical component summary (PCS) score was only significant in females with knee @entity571 (62.14  24.66 vs 66.59  23.85, p=0.043), while the mental component summary (MCS) score was only significant in males with knee @entity571 (78.02  18.59 vs 81.98  15.46, p=0.02). The TUGT and FTSST were not significant in individuals with and without @entity571 in males and females. Moreover, the multivariate results for the WOMAC score were significant for females (3.928 (95% CI 1.287 to 6.569), p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The PCS domains of SF-12 and MCS domains of SF-12 are crucial in Taiwanese females and elderly males, respectively, with knee @entity571 . Different evaluation and treatment strategies based on gender differences should be considered in elderly Taiwanese @entity1 with knee @entity571 to improve their quality of life.

title: Gender differences between WOMAC index scores, health-related quality of life and physical performance in an elderly Taiwanese population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 , which in many cases is diagnosed at an advanced stage with an high recurrence rate and incidence of @entity3 . Regionary @entity3 predict a poor prognosis. There is no standard therapy approach for these @entity5 . The most widly accepted primary therapy is radical craniofacial enbloc resection followed by radiation therapy. Today chemotherapy is getting more important and is administered with curative intention. Multidisciplinary management results in significantly longer survival in advanced @entity5 stages and recurrence. A clinical staging system as well as histopathological grading according of Hyams could be from importance for selection and timing of the different therapeutic modalities. We present a case of a 34-year-old female @entity1 who was diagnosed with an advanced @entity4236 of the upper nasal cavity with bilateral cervical lymph node @entity3 (modified Kadish-stage D). Craniofacial resection and bilateral neck dissection was performed, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Reviewing the recent literature the different therapeutic approaches are compared and discussed.

title: [ XXXX . Challenge in interdisciplinary combined modality therapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this phase 1b study, @entity1 with stage 4 or unresectable stage 3 @entity320 were treated with escalating doses of @entity60184 (once daily) and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) (days 1-5) in 28-day cycles, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. Dose Level (DL)1: @entity60184 20 mg, @entity2904 100 mg/m2; DL2: @entity60184 24 mg, @entity2904 100 mg/m2; DL3: @entity60184 24 mg, @entity2904 150 mg/m2. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and @entity5 response assessed per RECIST 1.0. RESULTS: Dose-limiting @entity137 occurred in 1 of 32 treated @entity1 ( @entity15974 ); MTD was not reached. The highest dose administered was @entity60184 24 mg + @entity2904 150 mg/m2. Most common treatment-related AEs included fatigue (56.3%), @entity101 (53.1%), and @entity644 (46.9%). Overall objective response rate was 18.8% (6 @entity1 ), all partial response; ( @entity15974 , n = 1; DL3, n = 5). @entity66 ( @entity66 ) >=  16 weeks was observed in 28.1% of @entity1 ( @entity15974 and DL2, n = 1 each; DL3, n = 7); 12.5% of @entity1 had @entity66 >=  23 weeks. Single and repeat-dose pharmacokinetics of @entity60184 were comparable across cycles and with concomitant @entity2904 administration. CONCLUSION: @entity60184 24 mg/day + @entity2904 150 mg/m2/day (days 1-5) demonstrated modest clinical activity, an acceptable safety profile, and was administered without worsening of either @entity60184 - or @entity2904 -related @entity137 in this @entity1 group.

title: Phase 1b study of @entity60184 ( @entity60184 ) in combination with @entity2903 for treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity60184 :: ('MESH:C531958', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenvatinib', 'lenvatinib']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a problem in nursing homes. Presumed @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are the most common @entity281 . This study examines urine culture results from elderly @entity1 to see if specific guidelines based on gender or whether the @entity1 resides in a nursing home (NH) are warranted. METHODS: This is a cross sectional observation study comparing urine cultures from NH @entity1 with urine cultures from @entity1 in the same age group living in the community. RESULTS: There were 232 positive urine cultures in the NH group and 3554 in the community group. @entity526 was isolated in 145 urines in the NH group (64  %) and 2275 (64  %) in the community group. There were no clinically significant differences in resistance. Combined, there were 3016 positive urine cultures from females and 770 from males. @entity526 was significantly more common in females 2120 (70  %) than in males 303 (39  %)(p   <   0.05). @entity797 was significantly less common in females 223(7  %) than males 137 (18  %) (p   <   0.05). For females, there were lower resistance rates to @entity2177 among @entity526 (7  % vs 12  %; p   <   0.05) and to mecillinam among @entity5609 (3  % vs 12  %; p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in resistance rates for @entity1 in the nursing home do not warrant separate recommendations for empiric antibiotic therapy, but recommendations based on gender seem warranted.

title: Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria causing XXXX in the elderly living in nursing homes versus the elderly living at home: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Alternative therapies are becoming more popular in the United States despite the lack of scientific evidence supporting that they are effective treatments. Some alternative therapies used in the relief of @entity1118 are relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback. Overall, the existing research suggests that relaxation techniques are effective in reducing @entity158 [6,8,21]. Research concerning guided imagery has also suggested that it is helpful in reducing @entity158 [19,22,23]. Finally, most of the research concerning biofeedback and the @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity1118 has been positive [7,10,14,20]. Despite these findings, one can not conclude that relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback are effective in reducing @entity158 in individuals with @entity1118 . There were many problems with most of the studies, including small sample sizes and unstated reliability and validity of assessments. These limitations lower the significance of the studies, which makes it impossible to draw conclusions from the research as a whole. More research needs to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback concerning @entity1118 . Information regarding the transference of these learned techniques to one's roles and daily activities should also be incorporated into the research by occupational therapists.

title: Are relaxation techniques effective in relief of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last two decades increasing interest has been focused on the association between autoimmune @entity305 and high titers of anti-nervous serum autoantibodies. High titer of IgG anti-GM1 antibody could be detected in @entity5011 and in chronic @entity158 immune-mediated @entity305 . The possible occurrence of anti-nervous autoantibodies in @entity792 not limited to the nervous system is still under study. METHODS: We evaluated 29 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 19 with biopsy-proven @entity8 , 28 @entity1 with mixed IgM-K/IgG polyclonal cryoglobulinaemia (18 with @entity631 ) and 19 with small-sized vessel ANCA-associated @entity1333 (12 with @entity8 ) by using a sensitive immunoenzyme method of autoantibody detection. RESULTS: Compared to controls (1/176+/-1/205; 1:204+/-1:103), we found a significant increase in plasma IgM and IgG anti-GM1 titers (1:643+/-1:531; 1:444+/-1:309) in @entity1252 @entity1 (p<0.0001). We also found IgM (1:3032+/-1:2844) and IgG (1:1560) anti-sulphatide titers to be higher than the control group (p<0.0001). Mean plasma IgM and IgG anti-GM1 titers of the cryoglobulinaemic @entity1 were 1:524+/-1:403 and 1:501+/-1:415, respectively, once again higher than the controls (p<0.0001). Mean plasma IgM and IgG anti-sulphatide titers in this group were 1:1864+/-1:1189 and 1:1350 (p<0.0001). We found @entity13571 @entity1 to have significantly increased levels of anti-sulphatides IgG class autoantibodies (1:1400; p<0.0001). We found no correlation with the serologic markers for @entity1333 or the clinical or histologic extent of @entity8 . Electrophysiologic studies revealed that in 38% of @entity1252 @entity1 (p<0.005), 61% of cryoglobulinaemic @entity1 (p<0.01) and 42% of ANCA-related vasculitic @entity1 (p<0.01) the abnormal titers of antineuronal antibodies were associated with clinical or subclinical evidence of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with systemic idiopathic or secondary @entity1333 anti-GM1 and anti-sulphatide antibodies can frequently be found. Their presence should prompt an accurate neurological examination because these serologic abnormalities are significantly associated with neurologic, often subclinical, involvement. Antineuronal reactivity might be the epiphenomenon of primary phylogistic damage, which exposes normally segregated @entity528 or be directly involved in triggering @entity16 .

title: [Anti-GM1 and anti-sulphatide antibodies in XXXX , @entity1252 and mixed cryoglobulinaemia: Serum detection and clinical and electrophysiologic correlations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ["Guillain Barre' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful axonal sensory']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal epitopes']

answer: @entity13571 :: (MESH:D056647,Disease) :: ['systemic idiopathic vasculitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subcapital @entity2249 in young adults has many complications, and the incidence is increasing year-by-year. The selection of the proper operation method to avoid them is an ambiguous matter. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of subcapital @entity2249 by the capsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting or closed reduction and internal fixation in young adults. METHODS: From March 2003 to February 2010, 65 young @entity1 with subcapital @entity2249 were treated, including 39 males and 26 females with average age of 34.5 years (range, 19-50 years); 29 cases of the left side and 36 cases of the right side. They were randomly divided into Group A with 34 cases treated by closed reduction and internal fixation and Group B with 31 cases treated by the capsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting. The two groups had no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index and preoperative Harris Hip Score. The observation criteria involved the length of the incision, @entity190 , operation time, nonunion rate, @entity2738 ( @entity2738 ) rate and Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: Four of 65 @entity1 were lost follow-up, and the follow-up rate was 93.8%, the average follow-up time was 38.7 months (range, 33-47 months). In Group A, the incision length was 5.1    2.2 cm, @entity190 was 84.0    13.2 ml, and operation time was 52.9    10.2 min. In Group B, the incision length was 15.4    4.6 cm, @entity190 was 396.0    21.3 ml, and operation time was 116.5    15.3 min. Nonunion occurred in 8 @entity1 (25.2%) in Group A and 1 @entity1 (3.3%) in Group B. @entity2738 occurred in 9 @entity1 (29.1%) in Group A and 2 @entity1 (6.7%) in Group B. @entity86 Hip Score was 89.0    5.6 in Group A and 95.0    4.5 in Group B. The above index of two groups was considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Capsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting can improve @entity174 healing, reduce @entity2738 in young adults. It is a safe and effective operation for subcapital @entity2249 .

title: Efficacy evaluation for the treatment of subcapital XXXX in young adults by capsulotomy reduction and closed reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative Harris']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of the femoral head', 'ANFH']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown effective bone regeneration induced by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), but it is not clear whether the presence of periodontopathic bacteria has any significant modulation effect on the bone regeneration ability of BMPs. The present study examined whether pretreatment of @entity19 calvarial cells with @entity2523 extracts can make a difference in their osteoblastic differentiation exerted by recombinant @entity1 @entity13062 (rhBMP-4). METHODS: Primary @entity19 @entity9332 (MCO) cells were cultured until they reached confluence. At confluence, cells were untreated or pretreated with 1 microgram/ml of sonicated @entity2523 extracts (SPEs) for 2 days. After washing, the cells were further incubated in the presence of rhBMP-4 (0 to 100 ng/ml) for 3 days. At the end of the treatment, the cells were harvested and lysed for measurement of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Total RNA was extracted, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for expression of ALP mRNA was conducted. The amount of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) secreted into the culture supernatant was determined using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The stimulatory effect of rhBMP-4 on ALP activity was observed in both untreated MCO cells and in cells pretreated with 1 microgram/ml of SPEs in a dose-dependent manner. The ALP activities were significantly reduced in the cells pretreated with SPEs at all concentrations of rhBMP-4 used in the study when compared to untreated cells. Similar results were obtained in the RT-PCR analysis for ALP mRNA. Cells pretreated with SPEs released significantly larger amounts of @entity1421 than untreated cells, but the treatment with 100 ng/ml of rhBMP-4 had no significant effect on the amount of @entity1421 released. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of rhBMP-4 on osteoblastic differentiation might be significantly reduced by @entity2523 , possibly through the endogenous @entity1421 pathway, but rhBMP-4 still has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic differentiation of @entity19 calvarial cells affected by @entity2523 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that supplemental BMPs would be beneficial for improved treatment of @entity154 , although their biologic effect might be significantly reduced by periodontopathic bacteria.

title: The effect of recombinant XXXX @entity13062 on the osteoblastic differentiation of @entity19 calvarial cells affected by @entity2523 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity13062 :: ('652', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-4']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial osteoblastic']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']