abstract: The role of cyclooxygenases (COX) in the male reproductive organ remains unclear. However, there are some reports suggesting that @entity10178 might have an effect on spermatogenesis or steroidogenesis. In this study, we examined whether @entity10178 was induced in impaired testes, and we also investigated the possible role of COX in the testes using experimental @entity246 model @entity19 . Five-week-old male @entity19 underwent an operation to induce @entity246 via an abdominal incision and suturing of the left testes to the lateral abdominal wall, and they were then divided into 3 groups: 1) experimental @entity246 plus @entity16539 (selective @entity16538 inhibitor) administration; 2) experimental @entity246 plus @entity8228 (selective @entity10178 inhibitor) administration; 3) and experimental @entity246 alone. The expression levels of @entity16538 and @entity10178 were determined by immunohistologic staining and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The influence of COX inhibitors on the testes was assessed by measuring the concentration of serum @entity251 and evaluating the seminiferous tubules according to the Johnsen score. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was also performed to detect apoptosis in the testes. Immunohistologic staining and RT-PCR revealed that the expression of @entity10178 was increased in the experimental cryptorchid testes (groups 1-3). The concentration of serum @entity251 was significantly lower in group 2 at 5 weeks after surgery than in the other groups. The Johnsen score of the cryptorchid testes in group 2 was significantly lower than those in other groups at 5 weeks after surgery. TUNEL staining revealed that the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in group 2 compared with the other groups. However, the @entity16538 inhibitor did not appear to affect spermatogenesis in the experimental cryptorchid testes. These results suggest that the @entity10178 inhibitor provoked testicular damage in experimental @entity246 by inducing germ cell apoptosis. The expression of @entity10178 might be induced to protect germ cells from heat stress caused by experimental @entity246 .

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 protects germ cells against spermatogenesis disturbance in experimental @entity246 model XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cryptorchidism', 'cryptorchidism']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We investigated the clinical and pathophysiologic characteristics in @entity1 with @entity951 who developed @entity1163 and/or experienced aborted @entity944 ( @entity944 ). @entity951 was diagnosed using the @entity29484 test. @entity1163 was found in 32 (10.4%) @entity1 among 309 who were admitted to our institute in a one-year period. The most frequent cause of @entity1163 was @entity1165 which was found in 10 (31.2%) of the 32 @entity1 . The next important cause of @entity1163 was @entity951 which was found in 7 @entity1 (21.8%). Among the 7 @entity1 with @entity951 who experienced one or more @entity1163 , there were 3 @entity1 with aborted @entity944 , 3 with @entity1163 and one with shock. @entity65 was observed in 4. Interior wall @entity63 was found in 5 and anterior wall @entity63 in 2 during the @entity29484 test. None of the 7 @entity1 had significant @entity3979 . Two @entity1 had no prodromal symptom such as @entity662 . Our results suggest that @entity3361 may be one of the most frequent @entity65 that causes @entity1163 which is not always accompanied by a prodromal symptom. Therefore, coronary @entity2473 should be distinguished in @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 or aborted @entity944 .

title: Clinical characteristics and possible role of XXXX in @entity1163 and/or aborted @entity944 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity29484 :: ('MESH:D008755', 'Chemical') :: ['methylergonovine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal episodes', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospastic angina', 'vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular collapse', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary artery spasm']


abstract: The pathological examination of the @entity95 knee joint with antigen-induced @entity625 produced by heat-killed @entity797 . faec.) as antigen was carried out. Macroscopically, there were findings of acute @entity32 about five hours after the injection. Histopathologically, very remarkable @entity32 was seen 48 hours later. This supported the picture of @entity8753 . The @entity8753 disappeared with time, and this supported the view of @entity56 three weeks later. After that, an obvious chronic @entity32 was admitted in 10 weeks. This resembled the histopathological feature of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) when these findings are summarized. It was suggested that @entity625 produced by Str. faec. progresses from an acute condition to a one with time. As mentioned above, it thought that @entity8753 of both immediate @entity56 and @entity56 are necessary in the occurrence of this @entity625 .

title: [Pathological study of Streptococcus faecalis antigen-induced @entity625 in New Zealand white XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'acute exudative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis (Str']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity8753 :: ('MESH:D001183', 'Disease') :: ['Arthus reaction']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Resistance training is one of the most common kind of exercise used nowadays. Long-term high-intensity resistance training are associated with deleterious effects on vascular adjustments. On the other hand, is unclear whether @entity258 ( @entity258 ) is able to induce systemic changes in vascular tone. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic @entity258 on endothelial @entity842 (NO) bioavailability of mesenteric artery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy @entity35 . @entity35 animals were divided into two groups: exercised (Ex) and sedentary (SED) @entity35 submitted to the resistance (40% of 1RM) or fictitious training for 8 weeks, respectively. After @entity258 , hemodynamic measurements and cardiovascular autonomic modulation by spectral analysis were evaluated. Vascular reactivity, NO production and protein expression of endothelial and neuronal @entity842 synthase isoforms (eNOS and @entity5612 , respectively) were evaluated in mesenteric artery. In addition, cardiac @entity224 anion production and ventricle morphological changes were also assessed. In vivo measurements revealed a reduction in mean arterial pressure and heart rate after 8 weeks of @entity258 . In vitro studies showed an increased @entity934 ( @entity3451 )-induced vasorelaxation and greater NOS dependence in Ex than SED @entity35 . Hence, decreased @entity2647 -induced vasoconstriction was found in Ex @entity35 . Accordingly, @entity258 increased the NO bioavailability under basal and @entity3451 stimulation conditions, associated with upregulation of eNOS and @entity5612 protein expression in mesenteric artery. Regarding autonomic control, @entity258 increased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, which was associated to reduction in both, cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. No changes in cardiac @entity224 anion or left ventricle morphometric parameters after @entity258 were observed. In summary, these results suggest that RT promotes beneficial vascular adjustments favoring augmented endothelial NO bioavailability and reduction of sympathetic vascular modulation, without evidence of cardiac overload.

title: Increased XXXX Bioavailability and Decreased Sympathetic Modulation Are Involved in Vascular Adjustments Induced by Low-Intensity Resistance Training.

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LI-RT', 'low-intensity resistance training']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) while still smoking in the lead up to quitting could enhance success at quitting, one of the most cost-effective means of improving health, but little is known about its acceptability and tolerability. AIM: To test the acceptability and tolerability of using NRT while smoking for two weeks before quitting, to inform a randomised controlled trial of pre-quitting NRT versus usual NRT-based quitting practice. METHODS: Prospective pragmatic uncontrolled clinic-based pilot study in which 14 adult smokers recruited from a smoking cessation clinic were prescribed @entity1239 patches or gum with follow up for two weeks. Data were collected on @entity1 ' concerns about smoking while using NRT, importance of quitting, urges to smoke, smoking behaviour, previous NRT use and the length of the pre-quitting period. Urine tests were collected weekly for @entity4874 , and @entity1 recorded smoking activity and noted experiences and changes in their health in diaries. RESULTS: Only 21% of 14 @entity1 expressed concerns about using NRT while smoking. All of the nine followed up used it as recommended, 56% of these reporting no unpleasant symptoms. Median urine @entity4874 levels declined over the two weeks. Urges to smoke averaged 1.8 on a 4-point scale. All @entity1 decreased the number of cigarettes per day. Diary records showed wide variation in smoking and NRT use, with an increased sense of control and determination to quit. CONCLUSION: Smokers using pre-quitting NRT over two weeks appeared to titrate @entity1239 levels and symptoms of @entity137 were uncommon and of low intensity.

title: Pre-quitting XXXX replacement therapy: findings from a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: @entity294 caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work-up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of @entity325 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of 9 infectious agents in gastrointestinal (GI)-diseased and healthy foals with ages ranging from 1 to 20 weeks of age and to what degree @entity325 are associated with clinical signs of @entity344 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective controlled observational study. METHODS: The population consisted of 88 Thoroughbred foals aged 2 days to 17 weeks born on 32 different studfarms in Kentucky. Healthy (n = 37) and GI-diseased (n = 51) foals were identified based on clinical presentation. Faecal samples were analysed for 9 infectious agents by real-time PCR: @entity1641 rotavirus, @entity30952 , @entity2718 toxins A _ B, @entity30953 , @entity3168 alpha toxin, @entity18375 , @entity5820 , Cryptosporidium spp., and @entity5746 spp. @entity5746 was also cultured from overnight @entity11822 enrichment broth. RESULTS: The prevalence of infectious pathogens under study was between 0% ( @entity18375 ) and 34.6% ( @entity1641 rotavirus). The overall prevalence for any infectious agent was 63.2% in the GI-diseased group and 43.2% in the healthy group. Coinfections were significantly more frequent in the sick group (15 monoinfections vs. 22 @entity325 ) than in the healthy group (12 vs. 4, respectively, P = 0.0002). Six of the 8 infectious agents were associated with the GI-diseased group, the other 2 were not ( @entity30952 and @entity5820 ). CONCLUSIONS: The use of panels rather than individual tests in combination with quantitative toxin gene analysis enables detection of @entity325 significantly associated with risk of disease. Several @entity166 previously not tested for or considered unimportant were found at high prevalence and require further investigation.

title: Infectious agents associated with XXXX in neonatal foals in central Kentucky: a comprehensive molecular study.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI disease']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity30953 :: ('950', 'Species') :: ['Neorickettsia risticii']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity30952 :: ('136187', 'Species') :: ['equine coronavirus']

entities_list: @entity5820 :: ('43767', 'Species') :: ['R. equi', 'Rhodococcus equi']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity18375 :: ('29546', 'Species') :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if @entity3575 and @entity681 could produce dose-related suppression of hemodynamic and hormonal responses to surgical stimulation. Eighty @entity1 scheduled for elective CABG were studied in two consecutive protocols: protocol I was a randomized double-blind study of 40 @entity1 who received a single dose of @entity3575 (50 or 100 micrograms/kg) or @entity681 (10, 20, or 30 micrograms/kg). Hemodynamic measurements and hormonal concentrations (renin, @entity1369 , @entity701 , and @entity2661 ) were determined before and after induction and after intubation and sternotomy. Protocol II was an open randomized study of 40 @entity1 who received @entity681 in one of four doses: 30 micrograms/kg as a single dose, 10 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.05 microgram.kg-1.min-1, 20 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1, or 40 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1. Hemodynamic measurements and plasma @entity681 and @entity2922 concentrations were determined before and after induction and after intubation, sternotomy, and aortic cannulation. Both protocols defined a hemodynamic response as a 15% or more @entity101 (SBP) from control and a hormonal response 50% or more increase over control. During protocol I, 18 @entity1 had a hemodynamic response (average increase in SBP 22.6 +/- 2%) and 35 @entity1 had a total of 59 hormonal responses. During protocol II, 24 @entity1 had a hemodynamic response (average increase in SBP - 31 +/- 3%) and there were 15 @entity2922 responses. There were no differences between dose groups in either protocol. It was concluded that in these dose ranges, suppression of hemodynamic or hormonal stress responses is not related to opioid dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3575 and XXXX anesthesia revisited: how much is enough?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: From January 1983 to December 1988, 88 consecutive @entity1 with ambulatory @entity63 without severe disease or surgical operation were observed. The diagnosis was established in all cases by endoscopy, and in 64 cases by histologic examination. The study included 55 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 65.4 years (22-90). Symptoms included: @entity490 (73 percent), @entity294 (60 percent) and bloody stools (85 percent). The sequence abdominal @entity158 was noted in 41 percent of cases. Most cases of @entity1960 were located in the sigmoid and left colon. The immediate course was uneventful in 81 @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent surgery and of these, three died. The mortality rate was 4.5 percent (4 cases). Long-term outcome was known in 41 cases. None of the @entity1 were symptomatic, but a moderate secondary stenosis was noted in 4 of 31 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic or radiological follow-up examination. In 80 cases, one or more potentially etiological factors were observed including @entity455 (32 cases), low-flow states (27 cases), and drugs (78 cases). Twenty @entity1 were taking non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (23 percent). Drug treatment was recent in 10 cases, and in four, it was the only possible etiological factor. This suggests the responsibility of anti-inflammatory drugs in the onset of certain cases of @entity63 .

title: ["Ambulatory" XXXX . Clinical course and etiologic features in 88 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-diarrhea-bloody stools']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Inguinal hernioplasty could be used as an indicator of the surgical quality offered in different health institutions and countries, thereby establishing a scientific basis from which the procedure can be critically assessed and ultimately improved. Quality assessment of hernioplasties could be conducted using two different methods: either analyzing dedicated regional/national databases (DD) or reviewing administrative databases (AD). METHODS: A retrospective study of inguinal hernioplasties was carried out in the Emilia-Romagna hospitals between 2000 and 2009. Data were obtained by analyzing Hospital Discharge records regional Databases (HDD). Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: 126,913 inguinal hernioplasty procedures were performed. The annual rate was on average 34 per 10,000 inhabitants. An increase of the case mix complexity and relevant changes in procedure technique were recorded. From multivariate analysis, the following independent factors related to a hospitalization longer than 1 day emerged: procedures in urgent setting ( @entity30682 , CI 3.4-3.7), Charlson's score >= 2 (OR 3.4, CI 3.1-3.7), laparoscopy ( @entity3122 , CI 1.9-2.3), no mesh use ( @entity3122 , CI 2-2.3), age >65 years ( @entity16133 , CI 1.8-1.9), associated interventions ( @entity16133 , CI 1.8-1.9), @entity547 (OR 1.7, CI 1.6-1.8), recurrent hernia (OR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.2) and female gender (OR 1.2, CI 1.2-1.3). Factors related to non-prosthetic hernioplasty were: @entity547 (OR 2.7, CI 2.5-2.9), female gender ( @entity20786 , CI 1.8-2.0), emergency setting ( @entity13562 , CI 1.5-1.8), recurrences (OR 1.5, CI 1.4-1.6) and associated interventions (OR 1.5, CI 1.4-1.6). CONCLUSION: @entity169 should be treated as an outpatient procedure in the majority of @entity1 . Precise guidelines are necessary. HDD demonstrated to be a good and trustworthy system to collect clinical data. When precise guidelines are lacking, legal/institutional indications play a pivotal role in shifting the hernia surgery toward a one-day surgery regimen.

title: Assessment of 126,913 XXXX in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy: analysis of 10 years.

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repairs']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics, operative management and early and late outcomes of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in our vascular service, retrospectively and to compare with the outcomes of @entity439 repair (EVAR) in the @entity1 with @entity1028 in literature reviews. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 2011, this series included twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1028 who underwent surgical treatment. The mean length of follow-up was 37.6 months (range 3-108). Kaplan-Meier life tables were used to calculate survival rate. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (60%) were symptomatic including 3 @entity1 with @entity3041 . Seven @entity1 with severe symptoms underwent emergency operations. Twenty four @entity1 underwent open surgical AAA repair. The 30 - day mortality rates were 0%. All @entity1 had successful post operative courses and followed as outpatients in an elective situation. The ten year cumulative survival rate was 70%. The early and late mortality was the same for open repair compared to non-inflammatory AAA. CONCLUSIONS: IAAA compared with non-IAAA is associated with a higher incidence of preoperative morbidity, however operative mortality rates are lower. EVAR has lower early operative mortality rates, however, there are some problems such as remaining periaortic @entity82 and @entity3041 in approximately half of IAAA @entity1 after EVAR.

title: Early and late outcomes of inflammatory @entity1028 : comparison with the outcomes after open surgical and XXXX repair in literature reviews.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['open and endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['IAAAs', 'Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 with @entity381 , but without @entity3329 , was admitted because of @entity19138 . Laboratory data disclosed an RBC of 310 x 10(4)/microliter, Hb of 10.1 g/dl, Ht of 30.6%, Plt count of 9.8 x 10(4)/microliter, and WBC of 4,470/microliter with 38% abnormal lymphocytes. Peripheral blood films revealed lymphocytes with thin, short cytoplasmic villi, condensed nuclear chromatin, and small nucleoli. The lymphocytes stained negative for @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase. Also, immunophenotyping was positive for expression of the cell surface markers @entity1075 , @entity2225 , IgG, kappa and HLA-DR, but not for @entity5893 , @entity2282 , @entity2935 , @entity7527 , @entity7211 , @entity3053 , or @entity19002 antigens. Chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood cells disclosed the 46, XX, del(7), (q32) aberration. A splenectomy was performed simultaneously with partial colon resection because of a @entity189 found in the transverse colon. Histologic examination of resected spleen tissues revealed a distinctive pattern of white pulp infiltration by lymphoma cells. The histologic findings and clinical data were consistent with the features of @entity706 with circulating @entity5493 . Our @entity1 exhibited a relatively benign clinical course, and was being followed on an outpatient basis with no additional therapy.

title: [ @entity706 with XXXX expressing chromosomal abnormalities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous lymphocytes']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric distress']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity5493 :: (MESH:D018253,Disease) :: ['villous lymphocytes']


abstract: @entity1398 is a serious side effect of chemotherapy. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are used for primary and secondary treatment in @entity1 with grade 4 @entity1398 . The use of CSFs is expensive and accompanied by side effects. In the current study, Life-Mel Honey (LMH) was administered to prevent @entity1398 and to reduce the need for CSFs in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy. Thirty @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for primary or metastatic disease were included. All @entity1 had grade 4 @entity1398 and were treated with CSFs. The @entity1 repeated the same chemotherapy schedule, with the addition of LMH for 5 d. Blood count was performed weekly. There was no recurrence of @entity1398 after LMH intake and no need for treatment with CSFs in 12 (40%) of @entity1 . Eighteen (60%) @entity1 with LMH developed @entity1398 grade 4 and were treated with CSFs (p=0.007). Hemoglobin levels remained >11 g/dL during LMH intake in 19 (64%) @entity1 . Only three (10%) @entity1 had @entity882 . Eight (32%) @entity1 reported improvement in quality of life. The use of LMH in @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity1398 as a result of chemotherapy decreases the risk of @entity3043 and the need for CSFs. LMH is inexpensive, has no side effects, and is easy to administer.

title: Prevention of chemotherapy-induced XXXX by special honey intake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The direct aspiration first pass technique ( @entity3626 ) has been introduced as a simple and fast method for achieving good angiographic and clinical outcomes using large bore aspiration catheters for the treatment of @entity64 ( @entity64 ). We present a single center's long term experience with @entity3626 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a database was gathered on @entity1 undergoing @entity64 thrombectomy with @entity3626 at a @entity64 center. Speci   c parameters captured included age, gender, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score at presentation, time to presentation from last normal, and modi   ed Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the 90   day follow-up. Radiological and angiographic imaging was reviewed to document the location of the @entity432 , Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI)    ow postprocedure, and procedural complications. RESULTS: 191 consecutive @entity1 who suffered an @entity64 treated with @entity3626 were reviewed; 91 were @entity1 , and mean age was 67   years. @entity1 presented with a mean NIHSS score of 15.4, and 71 @entity1 received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. The average time from onset to puncture was 7.8   h. The average time for recanalization was 37.3   min. TICI 2B or better recanalization was achieved in 180 (94.2%) @entity1 . 98 (54.1%) @entity1 had an mRS of 0-2 at 90   days. Direct aspiration alone was performed in 145 cases, and 43 cases required the additional use of a stent retriever. There was no significant difference in presenting NIHSS score, average time to presentation, average mRS at 90   days, or 90   day mortality between the two groups. Time to recanalization was 29.6   min for direct aspiration compared with 61.4   min in cases that required adjunct devices (p=0.00000201). 79 (57.7%) @entity1 who underwent direct aspiration only achieved a good outcome at 90   days (mRS 0-2) compared with 19 (43.2%) who underwent adjunct therapies (p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3626 is an effective method to achieve good clinical and angiographic outcomes, and serves as a useful firstline method for revascularization.

title: Long term experience using the XXXX technique for the treatment of @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity3626 :: (MESH:D018489,Disease) :: ['ADAPT']


abstract: In 1980, second-look laparotomy was introduced simultaneously into the treatment regimen for @entity43 at the two main referral centers of northern Spain. First-line chemotherapy after initial surgery was, however, different at both hospitals. At one of them (Bilbao), a combination involving the use of @entity900 was employed ( @entity786 600 mg/m2, @entity632 45 mg/m2, and @entity900 80 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1), whereas the @entity1 of the other hospital were treated mainly with single-agent chemotherapy (melphalan 0.2 mg/kg p.o. on days 1-5) and never with a @entity900 combination as first-line therapy in any case. In all, 92 @entity1 (42 stage I, 14 stage II, 33 stage III, and 3 stage IV) could be treated during the study period with optimal surgery (complete @entity5 excision or largest @entity41 less than 2 cm in diameter). This was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for 12-18 months in all cases, except for 18 @entity1 with a stage Ia borderline or G1 @entity5 . The latter were merely kept under observation until their second-look laparotomy after 1 year of negative follow-up. All of the 74 @entity1 who received adjuvant chemotherapy, of whom 36 with @entity900 and 38 without, were clinically disease free after at least twelve courses of treatment and had a second-look laparotomy performed. This was positive in 33.3% of the cases after @entity900 -containing therapy and in 26.3% of the cases after @entity900 -free therapy. This difference is not statistically significant. The mean follow-up period after negative second-look was 34 months. The long-term results of both @entity1 groups were comparable as far as rate of positive second-look laparotomies and survival rate, overall and stage for stage are concerned. The use of @entity900 did not result in any significant therapeutic improvement. It was uniformly bad tolerated by the @entity1 and carried higher cost, since all @entity1 had to be hospitalized for treatment.

title: @entity900 -containing versus XXXX -free adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity43 . Results after second-look laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the etiology and prevention of complications related to the pedicle screw technique in the treatment of @entity1514 . METHODS: There were 183 @entity85 @entity1 110 @entity2112 , 32 adult @entity1635 , 28 @entity3792 , 8 @entity1614 with @entity1635 , and 6 others. All @entity1 ' Cobb angles were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively by roentgenograms. The deformity correction rate was calculated. All radiographic evaluations were carried out in a double-blind fashion. The complication rate was analyzed perioperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: The deformity correction rate was 72%, better than others treated with hook-rod system. The perioperation complication rate was 8.4% (pedicle fracture 1.5%, infection 3.8%, pneumothorax and plural effusion 1.6%, transitory @entity16 0.5%, and over-bleeding shock 1%). The complication rate at follow-up was 3.6% (infection 0.5%, @entity1295 fracture 1%, @entity85 .6%, and transitory @entity16 0.5%). Compared with those treated with hook-rod system, the perioperation complication rate, loss of @entity16 , and complications related to the internal fixation were all low. CONCLUSION: The complication rate of pedicle screw fixation system was low in the treatment of @entity85 . When surgeons are thoroughly familiar with the technique and related pathoanatomy, and with the spinal cord function wardship by SEP, complications related to the pedicle screw technique in the treatment of @entity1514 will be well controlled.

title: [Complication of thoracic pedicle screw fixation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'deformity correction, permanent damage']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['congenital kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['loss of deformity correction 1', 'thoracic deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity566 are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among @entity1 is scarce. The aim was to study the development of @entity484 , @entity565 and @entity2490 in relation to sex and parental @entity566 , in a population-based cohort, during childhood. METHODS: At 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12  years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on @entity566 . Complete data for all five follow-up occasions were available from 2916 @entity1 . Odds ratios for the risk of any @entity566 in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At 12  years, 58% of the @entity1 had had @entity484 , @entity565 and/or @entity2490 at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12  years, 7.5% of all the @entity1 were affected by at least two @entity566 . Parental @entity566 was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any @entity566 (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57-1.97) up to 12  years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. @entity1 and @entity1 did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity566 may affect a majority of @entity1 . @entity484 , @entity565 and @entity2490 develop dynamically throughout childhood, and @entity56 is common. These findings indicate that @entity566 should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.

title: Development and comorbidity of XXXX , @entity565 and @entity2490 to age 12: data from the BAMSE birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy-related disease', 'allergy-related diseases', 'allergy', 'Allergy-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'Eczema']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 are common and can be difficult to manage. We have reviewed our use of ambulatory drains (Pleurex drains) in this regard with particular reference to hospital stay, duration of drainage, and incidence of complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 125 @entity1 with @entity3483 with trapped lung or failed previous pleurodesis who underwent insertion of ambulatory pleural drain, 41 @entity1 were under local anesthesia and 84 @entity1 were under general anesthesia. Mean age was 66.5 years with male:female = 80:45. Data were collected retrospectively from the clinical notes, and the family doctors' clinics were contacted to enquire about the @entity1 ' survival. RESULTS: When data collection concluded, 48 @entity1 (38.4%) had died, giving mean survival following drain insertion of 84.1 days. There were no in-hospital deaths related to the procedure. One procedure was converted to a mini-thoracotomy to control bleeding from a lung tear. Mean duration of catheter placement was 87.01 days (5-434). Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was used in 77 @entity1 (61.6%), and Seldinger's technique was used in 48 @entity1 (38.4%). @entity2615 was the most common malignant cause. @entity532 were encountered in 15 @entity1 (12%), and they were managed as outpatients. CONCLUSION: The use of ambulatory pleural catheters for managing @entity3483 is a safe and effective strategy. It has only minor complications that are related to prolonged drainage. We feel that this strategy should be considered the first choice option for these @entity1 .

title: Ambulatory intercostal drainage for the management of XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Minor complications']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['Mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: In order to assess the characteristics of malignant breast lesions those were not detected during screening by MR imaging. In the Dutch MRI screening study(MRISC), a non-randomized prospective multicenter study, @entity1 with high familial risk or a genetic predisposition for @entity0 were screened once a year by mammography and MRI and every 6 months with a clinical breast examination (CBE). The false-negative MR examinations were subject of this study and were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced radiologists. From November 1999 until March 2006, 2,157 @entity1 were eligible for study analyses. Ninety-seven malignant @entity0 were detected, including 19 @entity3821 (20%). In 22 @entity1 with a @entity5 , the MRI was assessed as BI-RADS 1 or 2. One @entity1 was excluded because the examinations were not available for review. Forty-three percent (9/21) of the false-negative MR cases concerned pure @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) or @entity3821 with invasive foci, in eight of them no enhancement was seen at the review. In six @entity1 the features of @entity5 were missed or misinterpreted.Small lesion size (n = 3), extensive diffuse contrast enhancement of the breast parenchyma (n = 2),and a technically inadequate examination (n = 1) were other causes of the missed diagnosis. A major part of the false-negative MR diagnoses concerned non-enhancing @entity3821 , underlining the necessity of screening not only with MRI but also with mammography. Improvement of MRI scanning protocols may increase the detection rate of @entity3821 . The missed and misinterpreted cases are reflecting the learning curve of a multicenter study.

title: Assessment of false-negative cases of breast MR imaging in XXXX with a familial or genetic predisposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Long-term graft function and survival are of particular importance in @entity1 assuming that they have a longer transplantation life span than most adults. Because @entity697 ( @entity697 ) continue to have a serious impact on graft loss, we analyzed the effects of @entity697 on 5-year survival and function in our population. Fifty-seven living donor kidney transplant recipients (34 males) younger than 18 years of age (13.5    2.6 years; range, 5-17) were follow up for at feast 12 months using @entity205 , @entity618 , and @entity134 therapy with or without induction treatment between February 2003 and December 2010. @entity697 incidence during the first 12 months following transplantation was 14%. One-, 3- and 5-year serum @entity1011 values were 1.24    0.39, 2.16    2.39, and 1.76    0.9 mg/dL, respectively. Mean calculated @entity1011 clearances (Schwartz) at 1, 3, and 5 years were 82.5    24.8, 64.7    24.1, and 67    27.5 mL/min*1.73 m(2), respectively. @entity1 /graft survival rates were 96/85%, 90/72%, and 88/65% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. @entity1 who experienced an @entity697 within 12 months following transplantation displayed a reduced 5-year graft survival rate (37.5%) versus those who did not (78%; P = .005). @entity1 who did not have an @entity697 during 60 months had a higher graft survival rate (76%) than those who had @entity697 (33%; P = .001). @entity1 without basiliximab induction showed a lower 5-year graft survival rate (61% vs 100%; P = not significant [NS]). @entity697 is an important risk factor for graft loss in the pediatric kidney transplant population.

title: Rejection is a strong graft survival predictor in live donor pediatric renal transplantation using XXXX , @entity618 , and steroids: 5-year outcomes in a single Mexican center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rejection episodes', 'ARE']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the sites of action of intravenously administered @entity5829 on the sympathetic nervous system in anaesthetized @entity95 ( @entity7114 + @entity7113 ). @entity8 was measured in order to determine central nervous and ganglionic effects. The clearance of @entity1063 from the plasma was determined with an isotope tracer method. From the @entity1063 clearance and the plasma concentration of @entity1063 the @entity1063 spillover rate was calculated. These parameters as well as blood pressure and heart rate were measured before (basal values) and at the end of 20-min infusions of @entity1854 , which was given in order to modulate efferent sympathetic nerve activity through the baroreceptors. @entity5829 0.5 mg kg-1 + 0.05 mg kg-1 h-1 (bolus injection followed by infusion) and 2 mg kg-1 + 0.2 mg kg-1 h-1 dose-dependently inhibited basal sympathetic nerve activity and the @entity1063 clearance. @entity5829 had no effect on basal blood pressure, @entity1063 spillover rate or heart rate. @entity1854 produced @entity551 and simultaneously increased sympathetic nerve activity, @entity1063 spillover rate and heart rate; the clearance of @entity1063 was reduced with decreasing blood pressure. The relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure was shifted by @entity5829 in a manner indicating central sympathoinhibition. @entity5829 had no effect on the relationship of the @entity1063 spillover rate to blood pressure, whereas it shifted the heart rate-blood pressure relationship in a manner indicating an enhancement of reflex cardioacceleration. In a separate series of experiments, @entity5829 also inhibited sympathetic nerve activity in baroreceptor-denervated animals. The results show that @entity5829 centrally inhibits sympathetic outflow in the @entity95 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX inhibits sympathetic nerve activity in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity7113 :: ('MESH:C006477', 'Chemical') :: ['alfaxalone']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'Nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity7114 :: ('MESH:C033418', 'Chemical') :: ['alfadolone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['Desipramine']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression by degrading or inhibiting translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here, we demonstrated that @entity1573 @entity33621 ) is a key posttranscriptional regulator of photoreceptor L-type voltage-gated @entity460 channel alpha1C subunit (L-VGCCalpha1C) expression, and its own expression has a diurnal rhythm, thereby explaining the rhythmic nature of L-VGCCalpha1Cs. @entity10204 in retinal photoreceptors provide a mechanism that allows photoreceptors to anticipate daily illumination changes. In photoreceptors, L-VGCC activities are under circadian control, which are higher at night and lower during the day. Interestingly, the mRNA level of VGCCalpha1D oscillates, but those for VGCCalpha1C do not. However, the protein expression of both VGCCalpha1C and alpha1D are higher at night in cone photoreceptors. The underlying mechanism regulating L-VGCCalpha1C protein expression was not clear until now. In vitro targeting reporter assays verified that @entity33621 specifically targeted the L-VGCCalpha1C 3'-untranslated region, and @entity33621 expression in the retina peaked during the day. After transfection with @entity33621 , L-VGCCalpha1C protein expression and L-VGCC current density decreased. Therefore, the rhythmic expression of @entity33621 regulated the protein expression of the L-VGCCalpha1C subunit. Additionally, both @entity33622 ( @entity33622 ) and CREB ( @entity268 -response element-binding protein-1) activated @entity33621 expression in vitro. This result implies that @entity33621 might be a downstream target of circadian oscillators. Our work has uncovered new functional roles for miRNAs in the regulation of circadian rhythms in cone photoreceptors. Circadian regulated miRNAs could serve as the link between the core oscillator and output signaling that further govern biological functions.

title: Rhythmic expression of microRNA-26a regulates the L-type voltage-gated XXXX channel alpha1C subunit in @entity1573 cone photoreceptors.

entities_list: @entity33622 :: ('373991(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['CLOCK', 'circadian locomoter output cycles kaput']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['Circadian oscillators']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies examining the relationship between @entity28 and @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) have been limited to @entity1 with confirmed diagnoses. The authors sought to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 30-day cardiovascular events in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with potential @entity1187 . METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of @entity1 who presented to the @entity341 with potential @entity1187 . @entity1 were stratified according to their BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.49 kg/m(2) ), normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m(2) ), overweight (BMI = 25 to 29.99 kg/m(2) ), @entity28 (BMI = 30 to 34.99 kg/m(2) ), and @entity28 (BMI > 35 kg/m(2) ). The primary outcome was @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity204 , or revascularization within 30 days of presentation. A logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented for @entity299 and readmission outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 3,946 @entity1 included in this study, 73 (1.9%) were underweight, 911 (23%) were normal weight, 1,199 (30.4%) were overweight, 872 (22.1%) were @entity28 , and 891 (22.6%) were @entity28 . Although increased levels of @entity28 were associated with a greater number of cardiac risk factors, there was no difference in 30-day cardiovascular events between those of normal weight and underweight (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.4 to 2.7), overweight (aOR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.7 to 1.4), @entity28 (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.8 to1.7), or @entity28 (aOR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.3). Those who were underweight were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0 to 3.7), and those who were @entity28 were less likely to be readmitted within 30 days (aOR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 who present to the @entity341 with potential @entity1187 , BMI is not associated with higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes at 30 days.

title: Relationship between body mass index and prognosis of @entity1 presenting with potential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['very obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: The factors that promote smoking are social, psychological and pharmacological. Social factors are by far the most important when young @entity1 are learning to smoke and remain important in maintaining the habit. Psychological factors include a series of reinforcements of the smoking habit during the day. @entity1239 plays a crucial role in smoking. Smoking is particularly addictive because it delivers @entity1239 to the brain in rapid peaks at each puff. Since smoking is a major risk factor for @entity65 , the importance of the physician in counselling @entity1 against smoking cannot be overstated. If a @entity101 @entity1 who smokes is not advised to stop smoking by his physician, the @entity1 may wrongly assume that smoking is of minor importance in his case. Motivating the @entity1 is a prerequisite for curing the smoking habit. The ideal is that the @entity1 stops smoking completely at a determined point in time. For the strongly @entity1239 -dependent smoker it may be useful to substitute the @entity1239 from cigarettes with, for example, @entity1239 chewing gum, in order to reduce the strength of the @entity1239 withdrawal reaction at a time when the psychosocial withdrawal reaction is most prominent. However, the ultimate aim is to reach a completely @entity1239 -free status. Physicians are advised to learn as much as possible about the factors that promote smoking in order to support their @entity1 in their attempts to stop smoking.

title: Antismoking counselling: methods of helping @entity101 XXXX to stop smoking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill target cells are the subject of intense research. Previous observations in @entity1 with HLA-associated @entity792 show a major impact of cell-mediated immunity as compared to antibody-mediated immunity. This study analyzes the possible co-operation of NK cells in the autoimmune process, comparing their increase to that of cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes. METHODS: This research examines the incidence of CD8+ T cells and NK cells increases in 1065 @entity1 with various @entity792 . Tissue typing for HLA antigens was carried out in all @entity1 by conventional serologic methods. Lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD3-HLA-DR+, NK cells, sIg+ B cells) were detected with monoclonal antibodies by a fluorescent cytometer. Results were statistically compared to normal control values by the Student's "t"-test. RESULTS: The analysis of results shows the incidence of CTLs and NK cell increases in @entity1 with different @entity792 . In some diseases ( @entity1596 , @entity15 , and other @entity16 ) raised frequencies of NK cell increase are most evident. These results suggest some possible relationships between CTLs and NK cells in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune process. CONCLUSIONS: The present results show that CTLs and NK cells are implicated in @entity1200 , which characterizes the complex pathogenesis of @entity792 .

title: Cytotoxic effector function in HLA-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndromes', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: Congenital balanced reciprocal translocations are one of the most frequent structural @entity2008 in the population. We report a familial translocation t(12;22)( @entity4668 .3;pter) responsible for @entity717 and @entity154 characterized by FISH and array CGH. Two @entity1 carried a der(12)t(12;22)( @entity4668 .3;pter), resulting in a 6 Mb 12pter deletion. @entity1 presented with @entity717 , pre- and post-natal @entity851 , ponderal @entity245 , @entity2421 and @entity154 . Two relatives presented with the reciprocal 12pter duplication, which had no clinical manifestations associated. For this translocation, we propose a mechanism based on a non-allelic recombination model, in which recombination of direct oriented segmental duplications between non-homologous chromatids leads to the reciprocal translocation. The characterization of this translocation has been critical for the family. Translocation carriers have a risk of 40% of having offspring carrying unbalanced products. 12p13.3 deletion carriers present with a recognizable syndrome and on the contrary, 12p13.3 duplication carriers present without clinical manifestations. Other published cases of 12p13.3 duplication show that this syndrome has a variable phenotype. It is advisable to delineate the duplication size and to discard other genetic aberrations, in order to give an accurate genetic counseling in @entity1 carrying 12pter duplications.

title: 12 XXXX rearrangements: 6 Mb deletion responsible for ID/MCA and reciprocal duplication without clinical responsibility.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['development delay']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['global hypotonia, feeding problems']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity4668 :: (440926,Gene) :: ['p13']


abstract: Introduction. Cryoballoon (CB) ablation has emerged as a novel treatment for @entity358 ( @entity358 ) for @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The second-generation Arctic Front Advance (ADV) was redesigned with technical modifications aiming at procedural and outcome improvements. We aimed to compare the efficacy of the two different technologies over a long-term follow-up. Methods. A total of 120 @entity1 with @entity955 were enrolled. Sixty @entity1 underwent @entity358 using the first-generation CB and 60 @entity1 with the ADV catheter. All @entity1 were evaluated over a follow-up period of 2 years. Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups of @entity1 . Procedures performed with the first-generation CB showed longer fluoroscopy time (36.3    16.8 versus 14.2    13.5   min, resp.; p = 0.00016) and longer procedure times as well (153.1    32 versus 102    24.8   min, resp.; p = 0.019). The overall long-term success was significantly different between the two groups (68.3 versus 86.7%, resp.; p = 0.017). No differences were found in the lesion areas of left and right PV between the two groups (resp., p = 0.61 and 0.57). There were no significant differences in procedural-related complications. Conclusion. The ADV catheter compared to the first-generation balloon allows obtaining a significantly higher success rate after a single @entity358 procedure during the long-term follow-up. Fluoroscopy and procedural times were significantly shortened using the ADV catheter.

title: Comparison between First- and Second-Generation Cryoballoon for Paroxysmal XXXX Ablation.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters including relaxation times (T1   , T2 ), magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion parameters ( @entity1893 [ @entity1893 ], fractional anisotropy [FA]) of intervertebral discs in adolescents with @entity2112 , and to investigate the sensitivity of these MR parameters to the severity of the spine deformities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1615 and three control volunteers with no history of spine disease underwent an MRI acquisition at 3T including the mapping of T1   , T2 , MT, @entity1893 , and FA. The apical zone included all discs within the scoliotic curve while the control zone was composed of other discs. The severity was analyzed through low (<32  ) versus high (>40  ) Cobb angles. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) were performed. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the apical zone and the control zone for T2 (P = 0.047), and between low and high Cobb angles for T2 (P = 0.014) and MT (P = 0.002). @entity2686 showed two distinct clusters, one with mainly low Cobb angles and one with mainly high Cobb angles, for the MRI parameters measured within the apical zone, with an accuracy of 0.9 and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.8. Within the control zone, the @entity2686 showed no clear classification (accuracy of 0.6 and MCC of 0.2). CONCLUSION: We successfully performed an in vivo multiparametric MRI investigation of young @entity1 with @entity1615 . The MRI parameters measured within the intervertebral discs were found to be sensitive to @entity1797 occurring with @entity1635 and to the severity of @entity1635 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1123-1131.

title: Sensitivity of MRI parameters within intervertebral discs to the severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['agglomerative hierarchical clustering', 'AHC']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: A 10-day course with ART-18, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the @entity35 interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), prolongs the survival of (LEW x BN)F1 cardiac allografts in LEW recipients to approximately 3 weeks (acute rejection = 8 days, P less than 0.001). We examined host responses against ART-18 idiotype (Id) and @entity19 immunoglobulin in recipients immunomodulated with ART-18 mAb. Treatment with ART-18 elicited high titers of anti-Id antibodies 14 days after transplantation. However, naive @entity35 given ART-18 before transplantation showed strong anti-Id responses as early as day 4 after engraftment, coinciding with abrogation of the treatment effect (graft survival, approximately 10 days). Preimmunization with irrelevant mouse IgG, which elicited high titers of anti-IgG, did not influence the efficacy of ART-18 upon graft survival (17 days). The use of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) in conjunction with ART-18 prior to transplantation suppressed the anti-Id response and led to dramatic graft prolongation (greater than 58 days), with two of five grafts surviving indefinitely. This striking effect of @entity870 plus ART-18 pretreatment did not depend upon @entity870 per se, as grafts were rejected within 12 days in animals pretreated with @entity870 alone; in both groups @entity870 trough levels were comparable. Moreover, administration of @entity870 before transplantation in concert with control IgG (instead of ART-18) prompted rejection within 2-4 weeks. Thus, discrete interaction(s) between anti-IL-2R mAb and @entity870 prior to engraftment induces partial host unresponsiveness/tolerance to anti-IL-2R mAb treatment following transplantation and suppresses the neutralizing anti-Id responses, which results in long-term/permanent graft acceptance. This study provides a strategy to overcome the anti-Id response mounted by graft recipients that otherwise limits the efficacy of anti-IL-2R mAb treatment.

title: Pretreatment with XXXX and anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody abrogates the anti-idiotype response in @entity35 recipients of cardiac allografts.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low methylation status of LINE-1 in @entity5 is associated with poor survival in @entity1 with @entity694 . Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) is a method to assess the functional status of a @entity1 . We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between ECOG-PS and LINE-1 methylation in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and their prognostic impact in @entity14 or @entity694 @entity1 receiving adjuvant @entity1487 / @entity4181 / @entity901 (FOLFOX). RESULTS: LINE-1 methylation and microsatellite instability were analyzed in stage III or high-risk stage II @entity14 (n   =   336). LINE-1 methylation levels were correlated with clinicopathological features, including PS and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The association between the tumoral LINE-1 methylation level and PS was observed (OR   =   2.56, P   <   0.001). Differences in LINE-1 methylation levels in @entity5 tissue between the @entity3666 groups were significant in @entity1 older than 60  years (P   =   0.001), the overweight body mass index group (P   =   0.005), and the stage III disease group (P   =   0.008). Prognostic significances of LINE-1 methylation status or combined PS and LINE-1 methylation statuses were identified in stage III @entity694 , not in stage III and high-risk stage II @entity14 . Low LINE-1 methylation status was closely associated with a shorter @entity1349 time. The difference between PS(0)/LINE-1(high) and PS(>= 1)/LINE-1(low) was significant, which suggests that @entity694 @entity1 with concurrent PS(>= 1)/LINE-1 (low) have a higher recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: PS was associated with LINE-1 methylation in @entity14 tissue. LINE-1 methylation was associated with @entity1349 in @entity5 @entity1 who were treated with adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Combined PS and LINE-1 methylation status might serve as a useful predictor of @entity5 recurrence.

title: Associations and prognostic implications of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and tumoral LINE-1 methylation status in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'CRCs', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate overweight and @entity28 in a sample of @entity1 of school age in the city of Rome (Italy). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 18.299 school @entity1 (9.531 males and 8.768 females) aged between 3 and 15 years was studied. Height and weight have been measured in order to calculate the BMI. The percentile distribution of BMI has been determined and then subdivided according to the categories proposed by Cole. The analysis has been done using the program "Statistica" produced by StatSoft, Italia. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight exceeded 20% in all age groups with the exception of the two extremes 3 years old and 15 years old in which the prevalence was 11.8% and 15.4% respectively. @entity1 between 5 and 10 years old have the highest rates of @entity28 . The prevalence of @entity28 was highest in females between 4 and 8 years, while for the males it was 8 to 15 years. However the difference in the prevalence between males and females was statistically significantly different only in ages 9 and 10. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight rises to a peak at age 9, reaching 30%, but declines at older ages. The prevalence of @entity28 peaks at an earlier age reaching between 12% and 15% at ages 5-8 years. The prevalence of @entity28 declines as the @entity1 get older.

title: Obesity in school-aged XXXX : Interpretation of the Body Mass Index in a sample of @entity1 and adolescents in Rome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: History involves memory, and sometimes memory is faulty. History requires documentation, and sometimes documents cannot be found. History demands winnowing, and sometimes the @entity3505 and the chaff cannot be completely separated. History is an assembly of details, and details may become burdensome. History is a challenge, to which the historian tries to respond. Surely, earlier Historians of the American @entity2419 Association must have encountered this challenge. The present Historian acknowledges the work of her predecessors: George H. Foster, W. J. @entity6131 , and William Harkins from dentistry and Gretchen M. Phair and Asa J. Berlin from speech pathology. In preparing this review of events that took place from 1943 to 1978, in the United States and in other countries, during times of war and times of relative peace, through difficulties and accomplishments, I have attempted to be as accurate as possible. If I have distorted facts and if I have omitted @entity1 and happenings that should have been included, I have not done so intentionally. As Historian of the American @entity2419 Association, I have appreciated the opportunity to learn about the organization and the @entity1 , past and present, who have built and maintained it. Thank you for giving me this assignment.

title: The American XXXX Association: its first 36 years.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft Palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palate']


abstract: Aim. Although @entity169 repair is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the world, the best repair method has not gained acceptance yet. The ideal repair must be safe, simple, and easy to perform and require minimal dissection which provides enough exploration, maintain @entity1 's comfort in the early stage, and also be cost-effective, reducing operation costs, @entity393 , hospital stay, and recurrence. Materials and Methods. There were eighty-five @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 75, diagnosed with @entity169 in our clinic. Lichtenstein procedure for @entity547 repair was performed under spinal anesthesia in all @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 had the standard procedure and, in 43 @entity1 , the @entity7502 mesh was used without fixation. All @entity1 were examined and questioned on the 7th day of the operation in terms of @entity158 , and the presence of @entity2080 and later on in the 6th postoperative month in terms of @entity809 , neuropraxia, and recurrence by a single physician. Results. Operative time and @entity158 scores in the nonfixation group were significantly lower, without any increase in rates of recurrence. Conclusion. Based on these findings, in @entity23212 repair method, nonfixation technique can be used safely with better results.

title: The Comparison of Lichtenstein Procedure with and without Mesh-Fixation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23212 :: ('MESH:C535894', 'Disease') :: ['Lichtenstein hernia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, scrotal edema', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['labor loss']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Inguinal Hernia Repair']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the incidence, histopathological features and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity263 (CaP) found in cystoprostatectomy specimens (CP) excised for @entity150 and to determine whether these @entity263 could affect the follow-up strategy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 110 @entity1 who underwent CP for @entity150 (1998-2011) at our institution. CaP grade, stage, volume and surgical margin status were recorded. Prostatic involvement by @entity150 or @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) was studied. Pre-operative prostate assessment and follow-up in those diagnosed with incidental CaP were analysed. RESULTS: Incidental CaP was identified in 35 @entity1 (32.5%), 4 with prostatic PIN alone and 2 @entity1 with diagnoses of CaP prior to cystectomy were excluded from study. Of the CaP cases, 28.5% had clinically significant disease: 5 with Gleason score 7, 2 with Gleason score 9, who also had extracapsular invasion of @entity5 , and three with positive surgical margins. All @entity1 were pN0 for CaP. Of the 108 @entity1 , 16.5% had prostatic urethral involvement with @entity2735 or @entity8214 . In the subgroup of @entity1 with the incidentally diagnosed CaP who developed local recurrence of @entity150 and/or metastatic disease, none originated from their CaP. CONCLUSION: The majority of incidental CaP in CP specimens are organ confined and do not influence oncological outcome. The prognosis of such @entity1 is primarily determined by @entity150 . Our findings support previous reports and autopsy studies elsewhere.

title: The incidence and relevance of XXXX in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incidental prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity19865 or @entity27056 @entity39 is a recognized cause of benign lymphadenopathy, although the current clinical literature also supports a link with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Eight @entity1 represent all the cases of @entity19865 admitted to our hospital from 1990 to 1997. They were all young @entity1 of median age of 31 years (range 22-43 years). All @entity1 showed @entity3799 , and in two cases @entity381 was present. In one @entity1 , the diagnosis of lupus preceded the onset of @entity19865 by 5 months. In 4 other patients, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were positive at titers ranging between 1:80 and 1:2560 and were associated with @entity1431 ranging from 1190 to 2800 white blood cells/mm3 when the diagnosis of @entity19865 was made. Among these, 3 @entity1 developed @entity1252 after periods ranging from 6 to 25 months. The other ANA positive @entity1 and the 2 remaining ANA negative @entity1 did not develop any @entity792 after 2-A years of follow-up.The differential diagnosis between @entity19865 and @entity1252 cannot always be clarified histologically. We recommend that @entity1 with @entity39 , @entity1431 , and ANA be closely followed. This should ensure an early diagnosis of development of an @entity792 that will require treatment, rather than always considering these @entity1 to be affected by a benign self-limited disorder like @entity19865 .

title: @entity39 in XXXX or a Kikuchi's-Like Disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27056 :: ('MESH:D015620', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ["Kikuchi's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Kikuchi's Disease']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with severe angular knee @entity85 (range, 30 degrees varus to 35 degrees valgus) had @entity348 using autogenous bone graft to the tibia. Twelve knees had @entity571 , one @entity309 , and one @entity3811 . The preoperative knee motion averaged -5 degrees of extension to 80 degrees of flexion and the average motion arc was 70 degrees. All tibial defects were greater than 25% of the tibial component support surface and more than 10 mm deep. Twelve knees were reconstructed with Insall-Burstein posterior stabilized total condylar knee implants and two knees, with severe preoperative ligamentous instability, with the constrained Total Condylar III implant. Postoperative rehabilitation was routine, and weight bearing was begun, on average, on the third postoperative day. The follow-up period averaged 4.1 years (range, 2-7.3 years). Radiographic analysis revealed no change in knee or component alignment compared with immediate postoperative position. All grafts consolidated without evidence of collapse, resorption, or prosthetic subsidence. All @entity1 had good or excellent clinical results (Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Rating Scale). The average postoperative arc of motion was 90 degrees. There were no infections and no need for implant removal. The technique developed by the senior author (T.P.S.) utilizes bone resected from the distal femur during knee arthroplasty. An oblique planar cancellous surface is created on the recipient side, and coaptation of cancellous distal femoral graft surface to this recipient bed is ensured by vitallium screw fixation. The proximal tibia is reconstituted by the graft, and subchondral femoral bone after shaping of the graft forms the tibial periphery.

title: Autogenous bone grafting for severe XXXX in @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['angular deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The resuscitation strategy for @entity548 remains controversial, with the kidney being especially prone to @entity519 . METHODS: The authors used a three-phase @entity548 model to investigate the effects of fluid resuscitation on renal oxygenation. After a 1-h shock phase, @entity35 were randomized into four groups to receive either normal saline or hypertonic saline targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of either 40 or 80 mmHg. After such resuscitation, @entity35 were transfused with the shed blood. Renal macro- and microcirculation were monitored with cortical and outer-medullary microvascular @entity26 pressure, renal @entity26 delivery, and renal @entity26 consumption measured using @entity26 -dependent quenching of phosphorescence. RESULTS: @entity548 was characterized by a drop of aortic blood flow, MAP, renal blood flow, renal @entity26 delivery, renal @entity26 consumption, and renal microvascular @entity4095 . During the fluid resuscitation phase, normal saline targeting a MAP = 80 mmHg was the sole strategy able to restore aortic blood flow, renal blood flow, and renal @entity26 consumption, although without improving renal @entity26 delivery. However, none of the strategies using either normal saline or hypertonic saline or targeting a high MAP could restore the renal microvascular @entity4095 . Blood transfusion increased microvascular @entity4095 but was unable to totally restore renal microvascular oxygenation to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental @entity35 study shows that (1) high MAP-directed fluid resuscitation (80 mmHg) does not lead to higher renal microvascular @entity4095 compared with fluid resuscitation targeted to MAP (40 mmHg); (2) hypertonic saline is not superior to normal saline regarding renal oxygenation; and (3) decreased renal oxygenation persists after blood transfusion.

title: Fluid resuscitation does not improve renal oxygenation during XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: We evaluated safety and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with @entity416 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC). Between January 2004 and January 2008, 39 @entity1 with LAPC treated with @entity416 CCRT were reviewed. @entity416 was administered at 850 mg/m twice daily every day with 5 days per week radiotherapy (1.8 Gy fractions) over the 5 weeks. Thirty-seven (94.8%) @entity1 completed CCRT. Of the 36 evaluable @entity1 , 15 (41.7%) and 13 (36.1%) @entity1 achieved partial response and stable disease, and eight (28.6%) among them received @entity136 -based post-CCRT chemotherapy without dose reduction or delay. The overall survival was 14.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6-17.9 months]. Median progression-free survival was 11.1 months for all @entity1 , and 7.9 months for those @entity1 who had not received post-CCRT chemotherapy. Eight @entity1 (21.6%) had severe grade 3 @entity137 , seven (18.9%) with @entity344 , and one (2.7%) with @entity1503 . Prognostic factors for survival were serum albumin (P = 0.014; relative risk: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4-9.7), and adjuvant @entity136 treatment (P=0.005; relative risk: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2-10.6). Combined therapy with @entity416 CCRT was well tolerated and seems to be a promising regimen, in terms of response, survival, and adverse effects.

title: Definitive chemoradiation therapy with XXXX in locally advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which a CT head is performed in @entity1 presenting more than 4 h after @entity542 and the clinical features that predict an abnormal scan. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Emergency department (ED) of the Royal London Hospital, London, UK. @entity1 : 500 @entity1 presenting to the ED of the Royal London Hospital. METHODS: Chart review of all @entity1 with @entity542 presenting more than 4 h from insult to the ED between December 2007 and May 2009. Inclusion criteria were: age over 16 years, Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) 14 or 15 on first assessment, over 4 h post-injury. Exclusion criteria were: age under 16 years, GCS 13 and less, injuries limited to the face with no risk of @entity1504 ; presentation less than 4 h after injury. RESULTS: 497 @entity1 were identified: 147 @entity1 had CT head; 11 had @entity1504 on CT. @entity909 (p=0.0005), potential @entity1003 (p=0.0015), injuries above the clavicles (p=0.0150), open/ @entity13668 (p=0.0221), @entity167 /drug intoxication (p=0.0406) and focal neurology (p=0.0562) were predictors of positive CT scan. Five @entity1 (1% of sample, 45% of @entity1 with abnormal CT) required a neurosurgical procedure. Two (18.2%) self-discharged and four (36.4%) were followed up as outpatients. One @entity1 (0.09%) died as a result of @entity1504 . DISCUSSION: @entity1 with @entity542 who present over 4 h post-insult exhibit a similar risk of intracranial pathology to those presenting within 4 h. The risk factors previously identified to predict @entity1504 are similar in this study.

title: Late presentations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['minor head injury']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injuries', 'intracranial injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['minor head injury']


abstract: A new experimental model for the study of two important aspects of @entity63 , namely, @entity26 and substrate deprivation, is proposed: the intact, beating fetal @entity19 heart in organ culture. This model offers long-term stability, ease and reproducibility of preparation, and the ability to manipulate experimental conditions. Hearts deprived of @entity26 and @entity413 ceased beating immediately. After 3-4 hr of deprivation, biochemical and ultrastructural changes consistent with @entity63 were evident. These include depletion of @entity855 and glycogen levels, loss of cytoplasmic enzymes, and extensive swelling and disruption of mitochondrial structure. @entity413 and insulin partially protected against @entity855 depletion. Upon resupply of @entity26 and @entity413 , beating resumed immediately, @entity855 levels rapidly increased to control levels and, consistent with this, mitochondrial structure returned toward normal. During the recovery phase autophagic vacuoles containing damaged mitochondria and myofibrils were seen, indicating that repair mechanisms were activated. Consistent with this, the proportion of lysosomal enzymes that were present in the nonsedimentable fraction of the tissue homogenate increased. We conclude that the cultured fetal @entity19 heart is a model useful for studying myocardial responses to @entity519 and/or substrate deprivation and for assessing interventions designed to limit damage or to stimulate repair after @entity63 .

title: Fetal XXXX hearts: a model for studying @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence and mechanisms of @entity519 in @entity120 (PH) are not clearly defined. METHODS: In an observational, prospective, and transversal design, we studied 46 clinically stable @entity1 with PH and a BMI < 35 kg/m(2), an FEV(1) > 60% predicted, and @entity8577 (n = 29) or chronic @entity1031 pulmonary @entity101 (n = 17). They underwent nocturnal polysomnography with transcutaneous capnography. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (69.6%) had New York Heart Association functional class II disease. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 44    13 mm Hg, and the cardiac index was 3.2    0.6 L/min/m(2). Duration of sleep time spent with @entity26 saturation as measured by pulse oximetry <90% was 48.9%    35.9%, and 38 of 46 @entity1 (82.6%) had @entity519 . Mean @entity27 index was 24.9    22.1/h, and 41 @entity1 (89%) had sleep @entity386 . The major mechanism of @entity519 was a ventilation/perfusion mismatch alone or associated with obstructive apneic events. Multivariate logistic regression identified both FEV(25%-75%) (OR, 0.9519; 95% CI, 0.9089-0.9968; P = .036) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (OR, 1.1068; 95% CI, 1.0062-1.2175; P = .037) as significant predictors of @entity519 . Clinical symptoms were not predictive of @entity519 . CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity519 is high in PH and should be screened for systematically. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of @entity519 on the outcome of @entity1 with PH. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01371669; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov

title: High occurrence of hypoxemic sleep respiratory disorders in XXXX and mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['precapillary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['precapillary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Forty-four asymptomatic putative @entity4309 @entity1 participated in a colonoscopy screening program. There were 18 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 ; mean age was 44 yr. Thirty percent of @entity4309 @entity1 had at least one @entity652 ; 20% had multiple @entity652 . In 18% of the @entity1 , @entity652 were discovered proximal to the @entity4558 . In a reference group of 88 age- and sex-matched @entity1 , 11% had @entity652 , 4% had multiple @entity652 , and 1% had right-sided @entity652 . Twenty-one @entity4309 @entity1 had follow-up colonoscopies. Of 7 @entity1 with @entity652 on initial examinations, 6 had @entity652 at follow-up. Of 14 @entity1 with negative initial examination results, 3 had @entity652 at follow-up. The prevalence of @entity652 in the @entity4309 is greater than in an unselected reference group. The @entity652 are more proximally located, corresponding to the site of @entity5 distribution in the @entity4309 . A high rate of synchronous and metachronous lesions is found. Our findings support the hypothesis that adenomatous changes are the @entity75 in the @entity4309 . We also found evidence of heterogeneity among @entity4309 families in @entity652 incidence.

title: Colorectal adenomas in the XXXX . Results of a colonoscopy screening program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndromes', 'Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndromes']


abstract: Purpose. In November 2009, the U.S. Preventative Service Task Force (USPSTF) revised their @entity0 screening guidelines. We evaluated the pattern of screening subsequent to the altered guidelines in a cohort of @entity1 . Methods. Our database was queried for the following variables: age, race, method of diagnosis, mass palpability, screening frequency, histology, and stage. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results. 1112 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 from January 2010 to 2012. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years. Most @entity5 were detected on mammography (61%). The majority of @entity1 had @entity513 (59%), stage 0 (23%), and stage 1 (50%) @entity5 . The frequency of screening did not change significantly over time (P = 0.30). However, nonregular screeners had an increased risk of being diagnosed with @entity0 (P < 0.001) and were more likely to present with a palpable mass compared to regular screeners (56% versus 21%; P < 0.001). Conclusions. In our study, screening behavior did not significantly change in the years following the USPSTF guidelines. These results suggest that @entity1 who are not screened annually are at increased risk of a delay in @entity0 , which may impact treatment options and outcomes.

title: Screening prior to XXXX : The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer', 'later stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Diagnosis']


abstract: @entity8310 virus (VSV) can replicate in malignant cells more efficiently than in normal cells. Although the selective replication appears to be caused by defects in the interferon (IFN) system in malignant cells, the mechanisms which render these cells less responsive to IFN remain poorly understood. Here we present evidence that an activated RAS/ @entity10242 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway plays a critical role in the defects. NIH 3T3 or @entity1 primary cells stably expressing active RAS or @entity10242 were rapidly killed by VSV. Although @entity3027 treatment no longer protected the RAS- or @entity10242 -overexpressing cells from VSV infection, responsiveness to @entity3027 was restored following treatment with the @entity8047 ( @entity8047 ) inhibitor @entity5732 . Similarly, @entity1 @entity5 -derived cell lines became more responsive to @entity3027 in conjunction with @entity5732 treatment. Intriguingly, dual treatment with both @entity3027 and @entity5732 severely reduced the levels of viral RNAs in the infected cells. Moreover, @entity5 cells showed defects in inducing an @entity3027 -responsive factor, @entity13434 , which is known to block VSV RNA synthesis, and @entity5732 restored the @entity13434 expression. Our observations suggest that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ( @entity3963 ) signaling leads to the defect in @entity3027 -mediated upregulation of @entity13434 protein, which facilitates VSV oncolysis. In view of the fact that 30% of all @entity5 have constitutive activation of the RAS/ @entity10242 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway, VSV would be an ideal oncolytic virus for targeting such @entity5 .

title: The RAS/ XXXX / @entity8047 / @entity3963 signaling pathway facilitates VSV-mediated oncolysis: implication for the defective interferon response in @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity8047 :: ('5609', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase', 'MEK']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicular stomatitis']

answer: @entity10242 :: (5894,Gene) :: ['Raf1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of @entity169 in adolescents is controversial as these @entity1 do not fit into the traditional pediatric and adult populations. We aimed to compare the preferences of adult general surgeons and pediatric surgeons in managing adolescents by conducting a survey through social media. METHODS: A poll was posted on the International @entity547 Collaboration Group Facebook page as well as the Facebook page for the authoring pediatric surgeon. The poll gave scenarios of a 16-year-old male with an @entity169 and asked surgeons to select one of five listed procedures to repair the @entity547 : high ligation (open or laparoscopic), mesh repair (open or laparoscopic) or open muscle repair. The four scenarios differed in the diameter of the internal ring (1 vs. 4  cm) and the BMI of the @entity1 (20 vs. 35). @entity16043 's exact test was implemented for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In total, 43 (67  %) adult surgeons and 21 (33  %) pediatric surgeons responded. In the routine adolescent (normal BMI, small defect), 65  % of adult surgeons chose adult-type repairs (mesh or muscle repairs) whereas 86  % of pediatric surgeons chose pediatric-type repairs (high ligation). When the size of the defect increased, 100  % of adult surgeons and 81  % of pediatric surgeons selected an adult-type repair, suggesting agreement. When the @entity1 was @entity28 , there was a tendency to prefer laparoscopy. In all @entity1 scenarios, the answers were significantly different between pediatric and adult surgeons (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: For the same routine adolescent @entity169 , pediatric surgeons and adult general surgeons choose a different procedure. This finding suggests that further study is needed to determine the optimal treatment for @entity169 in adolescents, as the type of practitioner to whom the @entity1 is referred, rather than the disease process itself, currently dictates treatment.

title: Treatment of routine adolescent XXXX vastly differs between pediatric surgeons and general surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']