abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex facialis/labialis (HSFL) is a common @entity24412 , caused mainly by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, for which the topical application of a cream containing an antiviral agent for treatment of the disease has been widely utilized. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of the topical application of 1% @entity19511 cream in the treatment of HSFL, and to compare its efficacy and safety with 3% @entity1033 cream. METHODS: A total of 248 @entity1 with a diagnosis of HSFL were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups (n = 124 each), using stratified randomization based on a table of random numbers. Before treatment (day 0) and at every visit (days 3, 5 and 7) during the study, the sign and symptom scores were recorded by the same doctor. RESULTS: Excluding 23 @entity1 (10 in the @entity19511 and 13 in the @entity1033 groups), 225 completed the study, and no severe adverse events were noted with any of the treatment regimens. Results show that an encouraging improvement in the clinical course was found simultaneously for @entity1 with each episode type and each treatment assignment. There were no significant differences in terms of efficacy endpoint, clinical cure rate, and safety between the two treatment arms, but there was a trend towards a shorter time to resolution of all symptoms, cessation of new blisters, and loss of crust (p <or= 0.08) in @entity19511 -treated primary @entity1 . In addition, the clinical scores in @entity19511 -treated primary @entity1 were significantly lower than those in the respective @entity1033 -treated @entity1 on treatment day 5 (p < 0.01) and day 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical 1% @entity19511 cream is as convenient and as effective as 3% @entity1033 cream for the treatment of HSFL. @entity19511 cream may provide a good topical alternative to other types of therapy in the future.

title: Topical application of XXXX cream for the treatment of herpes simplex facialis/labialis: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, @entity1033 -controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity24412 :: ('MESH:D012874', 'Disease') :: ['infectious skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity19511 :: ('MESH:C053539', 'Chemical') :: ['penciclovir', 'Penciclovir']

answer: @entity19511 :: (MESH:C053539,Chemical) :: ['penciclovir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship between the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery ( @entity4435 ) and arterial stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and the augmentation index (AIx) in subjects with and without @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: A case-series study was made in 366 @entity1 (105 diabetics and 261-non-diabetics). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed on a day of standard activity with the SpaceLabs 90207 system. AASI was calculated as "1-slope" from the within- @entity1 regression of diastolic-on-systolic ambulatory blood pressure readings. @entity122 and AIx were measured with the SphygmoCor system, and a Sonosite Micromax ultrasound unit was used for automatic measurements of @entity4435 . RESULTS: @entity122 , AASI and @entity4435 were found to be greater in @entity6 @entity1 , while no differences in AIx were observed between the two groups. @entity4435 was independently correlated to the three measures of arterial stiffness in both groups. We found an increase in @entity4435 of 0.40, 0.24 and 0.36 mm in diabetics, and of 0.48, 0.17 and 0.55 mm in non-diabetics for each unit increase in AASI, AIx and @entity122 . The variability of @entity4435 was explained mainly by AASI, AIx and gender in @entity6 @entity1 , and by age, gender, AASI and @entity122 in non- @entity6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4435 showed a positive correlation to @entity122 , AASI and AIx in subjects with and without @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, when adjusting for age, gender and heart rate, the association to @entity122 was lost in @entity6 @entity1 , in the same way as the association to @entity53099 in non- @entity6 @entity1 . The present study demonstrates that the three measures taken to assess arterial stiffness in clinical practice are not interchangeable, nor do they behave equally in all subjects.

title: Relationship between intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and arterial stiffness in subjects with and without XXXX 2 @entity6 : a case-series report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) in @entity5 angiogenesis is well established and accordingly, molecules targeting @entity1611 or its receptors are being presently used in the clinics for treatment of several types of @entity5 . However, these anti-angiogenic agents are expensive and have serious side effects. Thus identification of newer drugs with manageable systemic side effects or @entity137 is of immense clinical importance. Since we have reported earlier that @entity935 (DA) inhibits @entity1611 induced angiogenesis in @entity5 models, we therefore sought to investigate whether DA treatment results in similar @entity137 like other anti-angiogenic agents. Our results indicated that unlike @entity2240 , another commonly used anti-angiogenic agent in the clinics which targets VEGF receptors, DA (50mg/kg/d x 7days i.p.) not only could inhibit @entity5 angiogenesis and growth of HT29 @entity1 @entity694 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity19 , it also did not cause @entity101 , @entity99 in normal, HT29 and @entity2 @entity5 bearing animals. Furthermore and interestingly, in contrast to the currently used anti-angiogenic agents, DA also prevented @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) induced @entity1398 in HT29 @entity694 bearing @entity19 . This action of DA was through inhibition of 5FU mediated suppression of CFU-GM colony forming units in the bone marrow. Thus our results indicate that DA may be safely used as an anti-angiogenic drug for the treatment of @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX is a safe anti-angiogenic drug which can also prevent @entity1487 induced @entity1398 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hematological, renal and hepatic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'experimental tumor']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'LLC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor - A', 'VEGFA']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity706 is seen in up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ), but @entity12513 related with @entity1071 after cure of @entity2109 is rarely reported. We describe a case of a 5-year-old @entity1 with @entity1071 who developed @entity12513 two years after cure of @entity2109 . He had @entity2109 at the age of 3 years and received chemotherapy ( @entity1893 -Berlin-Frankfurt-Milan-90 protocol plus rituximab), which induced complete remission over the following two years. At the age of 5 years, the @entity1 first developed @entity10 , @entity391 , and then intellectual and motorial retrogression. His condition was not improved after anti- @entity281 , dehydration, or @entity619 therapy. No @entity5 cells were found in his cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple non-homogeneous, hypodense masses along the bilateral cortex. Pathology after biopsy revealed @entity1373 of neurogliocytes and vessels, accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration but no @entity5 cell infiltration. Despite aggressive treatment, his cognition and motor functions deteriorated in response to progressive cerebral changes. The @entity1 is presently in a vegetative state. We present this case to inform clinicians of association between @entity706 and @entity465 and explore an optimal treatment for @entity706 @entity1 with compromised immune system.

title: @entity706 and @entity12513 in association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked lymphoproliferative disease', 'XLP']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['X-linked lymphoproliferative disease']


abstract: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is well documented in reducing suffering and mortality from @entity0 . The clinically most important side effect of Herceptin is @entity1370 , which is reported in 2.6% to 4.5% of @entity1 receiving trastuzumab alone and in as many as 27% of @entity1 when trastuzumab is combined with an @entity4349 in @entity3 . We reported the case of a 50-year-old @entity1 who presented to our @entity341 ( @entity341 ) because of @entity662 and @entity1353 . On physical examination, holosystolic murmur over apex could be heard. Pulmonary and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. Twelve-lead electrocardiography showed @entity7129 and new onset of complete left @entity5036 . Emergent transthoracic echocardiography revealed generalized @entity2845 of left ventricle and @entity910 over interventricular septum and apex. She subsequently underwent immediate coronary angiography that revealed normal coronary angiography, and left ventriculogram revealed generalized @entity2845 with severe left ventricle dysfunction with ejection fraction of 33%. During right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy, @entity2293 developed and was successfully relieved by pericardial window. She was discharged event-free 3 weeks later with conservative treatment. Although new onset of complete left @entity5036 in a @entity1 with @entity662 may be @entity1187 , careful review of medicine history is mandatory to avoid unnecessary procedure and complications.

title: Trastuzumab (Herceptin)-associated cardiomyopathy presented as new onset of complete left XXXX mimicking @entity1187 : a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['bundle-branch block']


abstract: Indonesian military personnel stationed in Malang, East Java were among troops deployed to central Cambodia as part of the United Nations' Transition Authority Cambodia peace-keeping operation in 1992. Predeployment blood samples obtained from a cohort of Indonesian soldiers indicated a high prevalence of antibodies to antigens of @entity13167 or Orientia (formerly @entity9557 , the etiologic agents for @entity19 and scrub typhus, respectively. To evaluate the potential risk of these @entity66 in the Malang area, a subsequent seroepidemiologic survey was conducted. This study involved civilian personnel residing within one of three Malang kelurahans (neighborhoods) representing urban, suburban, and rural communities. The heads-of-households from 197 homes completed a detailed epidemiologic survey. In addition, blood samples were collected from 464 individuals residing within the households surveyed. Examination of civilian blood samples disclosed that 34.7% and 1.3% of the study @entity1 were seroreactive to @entity13167 and @entity9557 , respectively. These results were similar to those obtained earlier from the military samples. In addition, assessment of 78 blood samples obtained from peridomestic rodents trapped from within or near the households surveyed showed that 28 were reactive to R. typhi antigens and four were reactive to O. tsutsugamushi antigens. These data indicate that military and civilian personnel living in the Malang area of East Java are at risk of @entity281 with rickettsiae that are antigenically indistinguishable from those that cause @entity19 and scrub typhus.

title: Seroepidemiologic evidence for XXXX and scrub typhus in Malang, Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rickettsial diseases']

entities_list: @entity13167 :: ('785', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia typhi', 'R. typhi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['O. tsutsugamushi', 'Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPases (SERCAs) are the main @entity141 pumps which decrease the intracellular @entity141 level by reaccumulating @entity141 into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The neonatal SERCA1b is the major @entity141 pump in myotubes and young muscle fibers. To understand its role during skeletal muscle differentiation its synthesis has been interfered with specific shRNA sequence. Stably transfected clones showing significantly decreased SERCA1b expression (cloneC1) were selected for experiments. The expression of the regulatory proteins of skeletal muscle differentiation was examined either by Western-blot at the protein level for @entity14814 , @entity17831 , calsequestrin (CSQ), and calcineurin (CaN) or by RT-PCR for myostatin and @entity59347 .4. Quantitative analysis revealed significant alterations in CSQ, @entity17831 , and CaN expression in cloneC1 as compared to control cells. To examine the functional consequences of the decreased expression of SERCA1b, repeated @entity141 -transients were evoked by applications of 120 mM @entity10406 . The significantly higher [ @entity141 ]i measured at the 20th and 40th seconds after the beginning of @entity10406 application (112  3 and 110  3 nM vs. 150  7 and 135  5 nM, in control and in cloneC1 cells, respectively) indicated a decreased @entity141 -uptake capability which was quantified by extracting the maximal pump rate (454  41  M/s vs. 144  24  M/s, in control and in cloneC1 cells). Furthermore, the rate of @entity460 release from the SR (610  60 vs. 377  64  M/s) and the amount of @entity460 released (843  75  M vs. 576  80  M) were also significantly suppressed. These changes were also accompanied by a reduced activity of CaN in cells with decreased SERCA1b. In parallel, cloneC1 cells showed inhibited cell proliferation and decreased myotube nuclear numbers. Moreover, while @entity205 treatment suppressed the proliferation of parental cultures it had no effect on cloneC1 cells. SERCA1b is thus considered to play an essential role in the regulation of [ @entity141 ]i and its ab ovo gene silencing results in decreased skeletal muscle differentiation.

title: The Effect of SERCA1b Silencing on the Differentiation and XXXX Homeostasis of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporineA']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Random practice of motor tasks has been shown to enhance motor learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task practice order (random, blocked) on motor learning in adults with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). SUBJECTS: Twenty adults with mild @entity191 and 20 age-matched adults (controls) participated in the study. METHODS: @entity1 in both groups ( @entity191 and control) practiced 3 movement tasks with either a blocked or a random practice order. This 2 @entity1 group x 2 practice order design resulted in 4 experimental groups. The @entity2205 Making Test was administered to all @entity1 to determine task-switching capability. Motor performance on the arm movement tasks was quantified on the basis of the root-mean-square error difference between the goal movement task and each @entity1 's response. RESULTS: The task-switching capability of the control group was superior to that of the @entity191 group. For acquisition, in general, @entity1 in the control group performed with significantly less error than @entity1 in the @entity191 group. For retention, @entity1 in the control group who practiced with a random order performed more accurately than @entity1 in the control group who practiced with a blocked order. However, for the @entity191 group, the findings were reversed; @entity1 who practiced with a blocked order performed more accurately than @entity1 who practiced with a random order. These findings resulted in a group x practice order interaction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These pilot study data suggest that, contrary to the findings for age-matched control learners, for learners with mild @entity191 , a blocked practice order may be better than a random practice order for motor learning.

title: Effect of task practice order on motor skill learning in adults with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3088 are a large group of secondary plant metabolites with many important functions; they play a role in fruit, flower and seed pigmentation and are involved in multiple protective mechanisms. They are very active natural antioxidants, acting as antimicrobial compounds in defense against pathogens, and they protect the plant against various stress factors, including excessive solar radiation and temperature. They are also an animal deterrent. Flax is already a very useful crop plant with nutritional and biomedical applications. With increased @entity35839 content, flax plants could be used in the production of improved dietary supplements and antimicrobial agents. The main aim of this study was to engineer a flax variety with increased @entity3096 content by crossing two transgenic flax varieties that have heightened @entity3096 levels. A mother plant that over expresses genes encoding the @entity3096 biosynthesis pathway enzymes chalcone synthase, @entity25368 isomerase and @entity59181 reductase was crossed with plants overexpressing the glucosyltransferase (GT) gene. It was expected that the progeny would display better properties thanks to the simultaneous increases in @entity3096 synthesis and stability. In comparison to the control and parental plants, plants of the selected flax lines were found to have increased contents of @entity3088 and other @entity35839 , including phenolic acids, in their stems and seeds. A significant increase in the @entity60463 content was found in the seeds. The antioxidative properties of extracts from W92  *  GT crossbreed plants were higher than the control (non-transgenic) and parental plants. These results correlated with the increase in the susceptibility of the crossbreeds to Fusarium infection. The increased @entity3096 content did not cause any negative phenotypic changes or reduce the yield of seeds.

title: Crossbreeding of transgenic flax plants overproducing XXXX and glucosyltransferase results in progeny with improved antifungal and antioxidative properties.

entities_list: @entity60463 :: ('MESH:C090142', 'Chemical') :: ['secoisolariciresinol diglucoside']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids', 'Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity59181 :: ('CHEBI:48040', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroflavonol']

entities_list: @entity35839 :: ('CHEBI:26004', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanoids', 'phenylpropanoid']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: Somatic point mutations of the 5' noncoding region of the @entity4042 gene have been described as genetic alterations in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). They are more frequent in @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ) and @entity706 ( @entity706 ). This study aims to analyse the presence and distribution of @entity4042 gene mutations in a large series of primary @entity706 (PBL), a rare extranodal presentation of @entity1893 frequently associated with diffuse large cell morphology. Fifty-three cases of PBL were examined. Mutations were detected with non-radioisotopic polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and visualized with fluorescent cycle sequencing. Among stage I(E) PBL, there were 30 cases of @entity4812 and one each of follicular, anaplastic large cell and peripheral @entity784 . The stage II(E) PBL included six @entity4812 and one @entity706 , whereas within stage IV PBL there were 12 @entity4812 and one @entity2109 . Fifteen @entity1 (28%) displayed mutational events. In nine cases there were more than one @entity4042 mutation. Only @entity4812 displayed mutations (31%). Mutations included single base-pair substitutions (16 transitions and ten transversions) and a single point insertion (ins A 427-28). The frequency of mutations resulted lower in @entity4812 of the PBL category than in the majority of other extranodal large cell lymphomas. The prevalence of mutations was higher in stage I(E) PBL than in more advanced stages of the disease (II(E) + IV) ( p=0.02). Our results reinforce the observation of heterogeneity of the @entity4812 included in the clinical category of PBL.

title: Mutations of the 5' noncoding region of the @entity4042 gene in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphomas', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma', 'bone lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large B cell', 'DLBCL']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['bone lymphomas']


abstract: @entity1 small intestine contains @entity1447 -dependent monooxygenase enzymes that are capable of metabolizing a wide variety of xenobiotics and activating procarcinogens to mutagenic compounds. The epithelial cells lining the small intestine are separated into a proliferating undifferentiated compartment located in crypts and a nonproliferating differentiated compartment located on villi. The constitutive expression and induction by xenobiotics of genes that encode components of the @entity1447 -dependent mono-oxygenase system along the @entity35 intestinal crypt-villus axis were investigated using isolated epithelial cells and in situ hybridization. For each gene examined, hybridization analysis of RNA obtained from isolated epithelial cells correlated with findings on in situ RNA hybridization. Cytochrome P-450IA1 mRNA ( @entity7772 ), the major aromatic @entity7294 -inducible P-450, and cytochrome P-450IIB1 mRNA ( @entity4921 ), the major @entity109 -inducible P-450, were constitutively expressed in villus cells with no detectable mRNA present in crypts. Treatment with several chemical inducers resulted in a marked increase in @entity7772 mRNA in both crypt and villus cells. In contrast, although @entity4921 mRNA was inducible in villus cells, @entity4921 mRNA was not detected in crypts after treatment with chemical inducers. @entity1110 @entity1447 reductase, a necessary component for the activity of all P-450 enzymes, was expressed constitutively at low levels only in villus cells. Treatment with @entity619 induced reductase mRNA in both crypt and villus cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that there is a complex gene-specific pattern of expression of the microsomal monooxygenase system along the crypt-villus axis of @entity35 small intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential regulation of XXXX genes along @entity35 intestinal crypt-villus axis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electroencephalogram Neurofeedback therapy (EEG-NFT) has several potential beneficial effects in terms of improving cognition and electrophysiological regulation among @entity1 with @entity1545 . However, in vivo structural and functional changes remain less explored. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to explore EEG-NFT induced in vivo changes in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 . METHOD: Two @entity1 with mean age of 15 years with moderate @entity542 who had more than seven post concussion symptoms and poor cognitive performances (<5 percentile) were subjected to 20 sessions of EEG-NFT. The neuropsychological test scores, post concussion symptoms and MRI scan of the brain were recorded pre-post to EEG-NFT. RESULTS: During EEG-NFT the cognitive scores and concussion symptoms improved significantly (p < 0.05). The EEG-NFT has shown significant increase in cortical grey matter (GM) volumes (p < 0.0001) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of cortical white matter (WM) tracts (p < 0.0001, voxel max 60 and above). There was a significant decrease in global, local efficiency, cost and clustering coefficient of functional connectivity (Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test p < 0.05). Interestingly there was a significant increase in thalamo-cortical connection (increase FA value) after EEG-NFT. CONCLUSION: The EEG-NFT therapy has shown significant changes in structural and functional connectivity among young moderately injured @entity131 @entity1 .

title: EEG Neurofeedback therapy: Can it attenuate brain changes in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 with history of two @entity2806 attacks possibly caused by @entity2553 was diagnosed as having a @entity1911 , and was scheduled for laparoscopic removal of the @entity5 . Epidural catheterization was performed at Th 12/ @entity5022 . General anesthesia was induced with thiamylal and @entity3369 , and maintained with @entity3810 - @entity26 - @entity5161 and continuous epidural infusion of 1.5% @entity3303 . @entity5521 and thiamylal were continuously administrated into the vein. While operating on the @entity5 , abnormal @entity101 did not occur. Just after removal of the @entity5 , the systolic blood pressure fell to 50-70 mmHg. The @entity551 continued for about 75 min, despite administration of @entity935 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 . After the emergence from anesthesia, the blood pressure recovered to normal level. No @entity854 was found. In @entity1 like this one, we have to prevent @entity2553 and @entity385 caused by excessive secretion of @entity2661 .

title: [Anesthetic management of a @entity1 with @entity1911 and XXXX attacks].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neurocerebral abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular spasm']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemic']


abstract: This study provided tympanometric data on @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) and more support for this monkey as a good model for @entity1 peripheral auditory function. There have been few published reports concerning @entity2172 in @entity2608 , and these experiments addressed that need. In the first experiment, peak acoustic admittance (Ytm) and ear-canal volume (Vea) were measured in 17 older adult monkeys and 16 younger adult monkeys. In the second experiment, middle ear resonance frequency was measured in eight younger adult monkeys and four older adult monkeys. Overall, peak Ytm, Vea, and resonance frequency were similar for monkeys and @entity1 . Specifically, peak mean Ytm and mean Vea in monkeys were comparable to those values in @entity1 @entity1 . There was a trend for older monkeys to have decreased peak Ytm and Vea, but these trends did not reach statistical significance. There was a significant sex effect similar to what has been reported in @entity1 . Male monkeys had larger peak Ytm values and larger Vea values compared with female monkeys regardless of age. Finally, there were no significant age or sex effects on resonance frequency.

title: Aging and XXXX in @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear function']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear function']


abstract: PURPOSE: With the frequent use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), @entity1 with subtle and diffuse symptoms due to small syrinx cavities increasingly present to neurosurgical care. In this respect, a dilated central canal, hydromyelia, must be separated from @entity1 with true @entity1644 with an underlying disorder, as they do not share clinical and radiological features. We hypothesize that a differentiation of these two entities with distinct diagnostic tools is possible. METHODS: To describe the entity of hydromyelia, we excluded all @entity1 from the @entity1644 database (n = 142) with any obvious cause of a @entity1644 , any objective @entity51 on clinical examination, pathological results on electrophysiological monitoring (SSEP, MEP, silent periods) or a widening of the spinal cord cavity of more than 6 mm on MRI [routine acquisitions with FLAIR, T1/T2-weighted images, Cine and CISS (constructive interference in steady-state) studies]. Life quality was assessed through SF-36 questionnaires and an individualized questionnaire for the clinical history, @entity158 and alternative therapies. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (15 males/25 females) matched the criteria of a hydromyelia. With a mean age of 36.7 years (range 11-62), they almost all presented with @entity158 (79%) or dysaesthesia of the limbs, with some having been an incidental finding (10%). Over a follow-up time of 36.9 months (range 6-93) there was no @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a hydromyelia do not share clinical or radiological characteristics with @entity1 harbouring a true @entity1644 . As hydromyelia does not represent a disease with an underlying pathology, no clinical or radiological progression has been seen. With sophisticated diagnostic tools to rule out any pathology this subset of @entity1 can be identified.

title: Defining the line between hydromyelia and XXXX . A differentiation is possible based on electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or radiological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: Temporal relationships among circulating concentrations of @entity842 metabolites (NOM), @entity1420 (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) within the hours of a PGFM pulse were studied during luteolysis in heifers. The peak of a PGFM pulse was designated Hour 0. All of the following increases and decreases were significant. Within a spontaneous PGFM pulse (experiment 1; n  =  7), concentrations of P4 and LH decreased between Hours -1 and 0 and increased between Hours 0 and 1; NOM increased between Hours -1 and 2. In experiment 2, PGFM pulses were simulated by intrauterine infusion of PGF2a ( @entity7309 group, n  =  6), and another group was also treated with @entity23653 to inhibit LH secretion ( @entity23653 - @entity7309 group, n  =  6). Averaged over the two groups, concentration of P4 decreased between Hours -2 and 0, increased (rebounded) between Hours 0 and 1, and decreased after Hour 2. In the @entity7309 group, concentration of LH decreased between Hours -2 and -0.5 and increased between Hour 0 and Hour 1.5 to a maximum at Hour 1.5; NOM decreased between Hours -2 and -1.5 and increased between Hours 0 and 1.5. In the acyline- @entity7309 group, the effect of hour was not significant for concentrations of LH and NOM. The absence of an increase in NOM concentration when LH was inhibited is a novel finding. The hypotheses were supported that concentrations of LH and NOM are temporally related, and LH has a role in the increase in NOM within the hours of a PGFM pulse.

title: Circulating XXXX metabolites during luteolysis and the effect of luteinizing hormone on circulating @entity842 metabolites in heifers.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical outcome of @entity1 for femoropopliteal graft @entity281 who were treated by in situ reconstruction with a @entity575 -coated prosthesis. BASIC METHODS: From December 2001 to December 2011, 27 @entity1 were treated for femoropopliteal graft @entity281 . Twenty @entity1 (74%) were male and seven (26%) were female. Mean age was 65 years. The primary endpoint was recurrence of @entity281 . Secondary endpoints were early and late mortality and morbidity, primary graft patency, major amputation rates and @entity1 survival. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Early reinfection occurred in 11% and late in 8% of @entity1 . Perioperative mortality was 7% and late was 4%. Above-knee amputation was performed in 4% of @entity1 during early postoperative course and in 12% of @entity1 during follow-up. Early and late graft patency was 96% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results of in situ implantation of @entity575 -coated grafts for femoropopliteal prosthesis @entity281 are according to our opinion acceptable, but the risk of reinfection remains.

title: In situ revascularisation for femoropopliteal graft XXXX : ten years of experience with @entity575 grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffuse abdominal or retroperitoneal @entity548 is potentially lethal particularly when associated with @entity1003 , @entity2332 , and @entity520 . Temporary abdominal packing (PACKS) can control @entity548 and provide crucial time to correct these physiological and metabolic derangements. METHODS: The author reviewed the combined experience of pediatric surgeons at 13 institutions to determine the efficacy of this technique. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with refractory @entity548 (ages, 6 days to 20 years) were treated with PACKS. The etiology of @entity548 was @entity130 in 13, solid organ tumor bed in four, liver @entity548 during @entity3166 surgery in two, @entity548 in one, @entity1317 while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in one, and biliary reconstruction after liver transplant in one. The anatomic site of @entity548 was the liver or hepatic veins in 14, retroperitoneum or pelvis in seven, and the pancreatic bed in one. Twenty @entity1 (91%) were coagulopathic, hypothermic, and acidotic at the time of packing. Fifteen @entity1 (68%) had PACKS inserted during a primary operative procedure, whereas seven @entity1 (32%) had PACKS inserted during a reexploration for persistent @entity548 . The mean volume of intraoperative transfusion before PACKS was 190 mL/kg (range, 50 to 600). @entity4438 was accomplished in 12 (55%) @entity1 , and temporary skin closure or prosthetic material was used in the other ten. PACKS controlled @entity548 in 21 of 22 (95%) @entity1 . Removal of PACKS was possible within 72 hours in 18 (82%) @entity1 . No @entity1 experienced rebleeding after PACKS removal; however, two @entity1 died with PACKS in place. An @entity6177 developed in seven @entity1 (32%); all were successfully drained. Eighteen @entity1 (82%) survived after abdominal packing. Two deaths were caused by @entity881 , one was caused by @entity712 from uncorrectable @entity299 , and one was from exsanguination after blunt @entity99 . There were no differences in volume of intraoperative blood product transfusion, time to initiate PACKS, physiological status, or type of abdominal closure between survivors and nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: The author concludes that temporary abdominal packing can be life saving in @entity1 with refractory abdominal or retroperitoneal @entity548 associated with @entity1003 , @entity2332 , and @entity520 .

title: Abdominal packing for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['Primary fascial closure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic pancreatitis', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: The present report provides a detailed description of microvascularization in the normal @entity1 mammary gland, and defines two novel morphometric parameters to be used as a reference when angiogenesis in @entity0 is evaluated. Microvascularization was analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted analysis in a set of breast tissue samples taken from nine @entity1 , during the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. The two parameters designed for image analysis were: @entity455 ( @entity455 ): [microvessel number/(microvessel area + residual stromal area)] x 10 000; and vascular area ratio (VAR): [microvessel area/(microvessel area + residual stromal area)]. In the lobules @entity455 (mean value +/- SE 2.48 +/- 0.14) and VAR (0.33 +/- 0.02) showed little variability and correlated significantly (P < 0.05). The areas occupied by microvessels, stroma and acini remained constant in all lobules (21.53 +/- 1.87%, 42.65 +/- 1.35% and 35.14 +/- 1.57%, respectively). Microvascularization of the lobules was of a sinusoidal type, with large S-shaped capillaries. In the ducts @entity455 (2.95 +/- 0.16) and VAR (0.29 +/- 0.03) showed little variability but did not correlate significantly. Microvascularization of the ducts was of a classic type, with capillaries normal in size and shape. The expression of @entity2931 (ER) and @entity1420 (PR) receptors was analysed by immunohistochemistry and compared with the morphometric results. ER expression levels were in the range 20-25% (24.3 +/- 2.1) and 14-18% (15.4 +/- 1.5) in lobules and ducts, respectively. PR expression levels were in the range 10-13% (11.1 +/- 1.6) and 14-17% (15.2 +/- 1.4), respectively. No correlation was found between ER/PR expression and vascularization parameters.

title: Definition of the microvascular pattern of the normal XXXX adult mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular density', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 are chemosensitive, with two-thirds of @entity1 responding to @entity1485 combination chemotherapy with @entity4174 , @entity11770 ( @entity11770 ) and @entity1891 . @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), a new alkylating and methylating agent has shown high response rates in recurrent @entity816 . We investigated this drug in recurrent @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) after prior @entity1485 chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective non-randomized multicenter phase II trial @entity1 were treated with @entity2904 150 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 in cycles of 28 days for 12 cycles. Eligible @entity1 had a recurrence after prior @entity1485 chemotherapy, with measurable and enhancing disease as shown by magnetic resonance imaging. Pathology and all responses were centrally reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-two eligible @entity1 were included. In four @entity1 the pathology review did not confirm the presence of an @entity5 or @entity816 . Twelve of 24 @entity1 [50%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 29% to 71%] evaluable for response to first-line @entity1485 chemotherapy had responded to @entity1485 . @entity2903 was in general well tolerated; the most frequent side-effects were hematological. One @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity137 . In seven of 28 @entity1 (25%, 95% CI 11% to 45%) with histologically confirmed @entity5 an objective response to @entity2904 was observed. Median time to progression for responding @entity1 was 8.0 months. After 6 and 12 months from the start of treatment, 29% and 11% of @entity1 , respectively, were still free from progression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2904 may be regarded as the preferred second-line treatment in @entity5 after failure of @entity1485 chemotherapy. Further studies on @entity2904 in @entity5 are indicated.

title: Second-line chemotherapy with @entity2903 in recurrent oligodendroglioma after @entity1485 ( XXXX , @entity11770 and @entity1891 ) chemotherapy: EORTC Brain Tumor Group phase II study 26972.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oligodendroglial tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'OD']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['CCNU', 'lomustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['mixed oligoastrocytomas', 'OA', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity900 and @entity2879 is effective in the treatment of @entity151 and other high-grade @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This combination has been considered as a default treatment for @entity1 with high-grade @entity5 of the @entity694 ( @entity694 ). No formal series has yet described the activity of this regimen in this @entity1 population. A retrospective study assessing the efficacy of @entity900 plus @entity2879 in metastatic @entity694 (MCRC) @entity5 is reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: MCRC @entity5 @entity1 treated with @entity900 and @entity2879 were identified through the use of pharmacy and @entity5 registry records from a single institute for the period of 2003-2010. Responses of the identified @entity1 were categorized using RECIST 1.1 (revised response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 ) guidelines. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were identified with high-grade @entity694 @entity5 who had been treated with @entity900 plus @entity2879 . One @entity1 had a radiographic complete response and four had a partial response. The median progression-free survival was 4.5 months (2-9 months) and the median overall survival was 9.5 months (3.5-17 months). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with high-grade @entity694 @entity5 have a high response rate to @entity900 and @entity2879 , which in most @entity1 is short-lived, and the survival is limited to less than 1 year.

title: First-line @entity900 plus @entity2879 in high-grade metastatic @entity5 of XXXX (MCRC @entity5 ): review of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NET', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colon and rectum']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectum']


abstract: The nephrotoxicity induced by a wide variety of chemical compounds can be attenuated by agents which modify @entity460 ion ( @entity141 ) movement across membranes or @entity460 -dependent processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of @entity594 , a @entity460 channel blocking drug, and @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), an antagonist of many @entity460 -dependent processes, to attenuate the nephrotoxicity induced by the agricultural fungicide @entity59774 ( @entity20560 ) or its metabolite @entity59775 ( @entity59775 ). Male Fischer 344 @entity35 (4 @entity35 per group) were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with @entity594 (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg), @entity5579 (1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle 1 h before @entity20560 (0.4 mmol/kg), @entity59775 (0.1 mmol/kg) or vehicle ( @entity5420 oil, 2.5 ml/kg). In separate experiments, @entity35 were pretreated with @entity594 (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) starting 2 days before @entity20560 or @entity20560 vehicle and continuing throughout the experiment. Renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h. @entity594 (single or multiple treatments) and @entity5579 (1.0 mg/kg) were ineffective in substantially altering @entity20560 (0.4 mmol/kg)-induced nephrotoxicity. However, @entity5579 (5.0 mg/kg) markedly attenuated all aspects of @entity20560 -induced @entity8 . Also, @entity5579 (5.0 mg/kg) partially protected against @entity59775 (0.1 mmol/kg)-induced renal effects. These results demonstrate the inability of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity594 to attenuate @entity20560 nephrotoxicity. Attenuation of @entity20560 nephrotoxicity by @entity5579 could suggest that @entity5579 is antagonizing @entity460 influx into renal tissue and/or renal intracellular @entity460 -dependent processes to modify the renal response to @entity20560 . However, the inability of @entity5579 to markedly attenuate @entity59775 nephrotoxicity could indicate that @entity5579 protected against @entity20560 nephrotoxicity by inhibiting biotransformation of the parent compound to its toxic chemical species.

title: Effect of @entity460 antagonism by @entity594 and @entity2644 on acute @entity59774 -induced nephrotoxicity in Fischer 344 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity59775 :: ('MESH:C070526', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide', 'NDHS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity59774 :: ('MESH:C007352', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ceftazidime is a beta-lactam compound that exerts a time-dependent bactericidal effect. Numerous arguments are in favour of continuous administration of ceftazidime, both for reasons of clinical efficacy and to preserve bacteriological mutation. We report a prospective, single-centre, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial comparing two modes of administration of ceftazidime, namely continuous administration (loading dose 20 mg/kg followed by 60 mg/kg/day) versus intermittent administration (20 mg/kg over 30 minutes every 8 hours) in 34 @entity1 with @entity2489 due to Gram negative bacillus. The study was performed over 48 hours with 13 and 18 assessments of serum ceftazidime in the continuous group (group A) and intermittent group (group B) respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at steady state in both groups at 44 hours to dose ceftazidime levels in the epithelial lining fluid. We chose a predefined threshold of 20 mg/L for serum concentration of Ceftazidime because of ecological conditions in our center. The median percentage of time above 20mg/L (T>20mg) was 100% in group A vs 46% in B. In group A, 14/17 @entity1 had 100% T>20mg, versus only 1/17 @entity1 in B. In the epithelial lining fluid, median concentration of ceftazidime was 12 mg/L in group A vs 6 mg/L in B. A threshold of 8 mg/L in the epithelial lining fluid was achieved twice as often in group A vs B. This study of ceftazidime concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid indicates that continuous infusion presents advantages in terms of pharmacodynamics and predictable efficacy in @entity1 presenting @entity2489 .

title: Lung concentration of ceftazidime administered by continuous versus intermittent infusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Techniques to treat @entity3832 and @entity2650 are restricted, as substitution of the unhealthy urethra with tissue from other origins (skin, @entity1494 ) has some limitations. Therefore, alternative sources of tissue for use in urethral reconstructions are considered, such as ex vivo engineered constructs. PURPOSE: To review recent literature on tissue engineering for @entity1 urethral reconstruction. METHODS: A search was made in the PubMed and Embase databases restricted to the last 25 years and the English language. RESULTS: A total of 45 articles were selected describing the use of tissue engineering in urethral reconstruction. The results are discussed in four groups: autologous cell cultures, matrices/scaffolds, cell-seeded scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these materials. Different progenitor cells were used, isolated from either urine or adipose tissue, but slightly better results were obtained with in vitro expansion of urothelial cells from bladder washings, tissue biopsies from the bladder (urothelium) or the oral cavity ( @entity14705 ). Compared with a synthetic scaffold, a biological scaffold has the advantage of bioactive extracellular matrix proteins on its surface. When applied clinically, a non-seeded matrix only seems suited for use as an onlay graft. When a tubularized substitution is the aim, a cell-seeded construct seems more beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable experience is available with tissue engineering of urethral tissue in vitro, produced with cells of different origin. Clinical and in vivo experiments show promising results.

title: Tissue engineering for XXXX urethral reconstruction: systematic review of recent literature.

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder or buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Context @entity279 of the spinal cord are uncommon @entity5 . @entity1 commonly present with subtle neurologic findings that are thought to represent growth of the lesion over time. @entity548 of an intramedullary @entity279 presenting as acute neurologic deficit is an extremely rare occurrence. Although the cervical spine is the most common location for @entity279 of the spinal cord, there have been no previously published cases in the literature of @entity548 from such a lesion. Findings A 22-year-old @entity1 with a previously undiagnosed @entity279 presented with sudden-onset dense @entity1688 due to @entity548 in the cervical spinal cord. The @entity1 did not have any clinical findings of @entity280 . Laminoplasty from C5 to T2 and posterior midline myelotomy for resection of the intramedullary @entity5 with @entity1410 evacuation were completed without complication. Conclusion Intramedullary @entity279 of the spinal cord is uncommon, and @entity548 from a cervical @entity602 has not previously been reported. Symptoms from these usually indolent lesions are commonly associated with @entity5 growth, @entity4 , or associated syrinx, whereas devastating acute neurologic deficit from @entity548 is exceedingly rare. Microsurgical resection should be done in cases of symptomatic lesions and considered in isolated symptomatic lesions without the known diagnosis of @entity280 .

title: @entity279 of the cervical spinal cord presenting with acute-onset XXXX : Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord hemangioblastoma', 'Hemangioblastomas', 'hemangioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'intramedullary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von-Hippel Lindau disease', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['quadriparesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between clinically node-positive @entity0 @entity1 , treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), with axillary pathologic complete response (ypN0), residual axillary @entity5 cells or micrometastases (ypNitc/mi), and residual axillary macrometastases (ypN1-3). METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with clinically node-positive primary @entity0 treated with NAC and subsequent axillary lymph node dissection between 2005 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. @entity1 were stratified by final pathological axillary status: ypN0, ypNitc/mi, or ypN1-3. The main outcome measures @entity66 and @entity1349 were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Uni- and multivariable cox regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors for @entity66 and @entity1349 . RESULTS: A total of 1347 @entity1 were included. Pathologic nodal status was ypN0 in 22.2%, ypNitc/mi in 3.8%, and ypN1-3 in 74.0% of @entity1 . Overall, 5-year @entity66 was 57.8% and mean @entity1349 was 7.4  years. @entity66 and @entity1349 were comparable between ypN0 and ypNitc/mi (HR 1.38 (0.40-4.79, p  =  0.613) and HR 0.92 (0.27-3.09, p  =  0.889), respectively), but significantly different between ypN0 and ypN1-3 (HR 1.78 (1.06-3.00, p  =  0.031) and HR 1.70 (1.07-2.71, p  =  0.026), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Clinically node-positive @entity1 , treated with NAC, with axillary nodal status ypN0 or ypNitc/mi carry similar prognosis regarding @entity66 and @entity1349 . Axillary nodal status ypN1-3 is associated with a less favorable prognosis. Future studies should consider ypN0 and ypNitc/mi as one entity.

title: Prognosis of @entity66 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinically node-positive @entity0 XXXX : @entity5 cells and micrometastases carry a better prognosis than macrometastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pubovaginal sling is the definitive management of female stress @entity322 due to @entity1690 . Customarily, autologous fascia has been used, although synthetic material has its proponents. Harvesting autologous fascia at surgery is associated with postoperative discomfort, and synthetic material has a history of @entity281 . To assess whether allograft fascia is free from these drawbacks, we retrospectively compared the outcome of @entity1 undergoing pubovaginal sling using either autologous or cadaveric allograft fascia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed our experience during the last 28 months with @entity1 treated with the pubovaginal sling for @entity1690 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative video urodynamics. The outcome was assessed using the SEAPI scoring system. Special attention was devoted to local sling tolerance. Operative time and length of hospital stay were compared between @entity1 with allograft and autograft pubovaginal sling. RESULTS: A total of 92 @entity1 (mean age 60 years) underwent allograft (59) or autograft (33) pubovaginal sling. Preoperative parameters, such as percent of @entity1 who had had previous @entity322 surgery, mean leak point pressure and SEAPI @entity322 score, were similar in both populations. Mean followup was 11.5 months (range 1 to 28) for the overall population. The SEAPI scoring system showed that @entity1 were markedly improved, with no significant difference between the allograft and autograft groups. Allograft and autograft pubovaginal slings were equally well tolerated, and no @entity281 was encountered. Mean operative time and hospital stay were significantly shorter when using allograft compared to autograft fascia. CONCLUSIONS: The success rates of allograft and autograft pubovaginal sling were equally high, and no complications related to the cadaveric origin of the allograft fascia were observed. Allograft pubovaginal sling was well tolerated, and its use significantly shortened operative time and hospital stay.

title: Pubovaginal sling using cadaveric allograft fascia for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and erosion', 'infection or erosion']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity8 with @entity1274 is a rare @entity74 , usually caused by mutations in the @entity57935 gene. The aim of this study was to characterise the phenotype of this disease, with emphasis on the auditory findings, in a cohort of Israeli @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of five @entity1 , from three unrelated families, with @entity8 and bilateral @entity1274 , with mutations in the @entity57935 gene. METHODS: The following were collected from @entity1 ' medical records: biochemical and renal data, age at @entity8 diagnosis, and age at @entity393 . @entity393 progression as well as current hearing status were assessed, and high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone was performed. All @entity1 underwent genetic testing. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity8 before the age of six months and one at 24 months. All had the classical findings of low blood pH and inappropriately high urine pH. @entity393 was diagnosed between the ages of three months and two years. The @entity393 was bilateral, asymmetrical and progressive, occasionally with a conductive component. Two @entity1 underwent cochlear implantation, at ages 10 and 15 years. High resolution computed tomography, performed in four @entity1 between the ages of 2.5 and 15 years, showed bilaterally @entity15902 . This was the only radiological abnormality in the inner ear in all cases. A different mutation in the @entity57935 gene was found in each family. CONCLUSION: Several types of mutations in the @entity57935 gene may cause @entity8 and @entity1274 . @entity1 display a typical progressive type of @entity393 and have @entity15902 , with no other abnormalities being observed on imaging.

title: Audiometric and imaging characteristics of XXXX and deafness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['distal renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged vestibular aqueducts']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['distal renal tubular acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of recurrent @entity1143 in advanced @entity5 should be efficient and with tolerable side effects. Since 1983 intrathoracic instillation of the anti- @entity311 drug @entity3543 has been used to achieve pleurodesis. The cytotoxic drug @entity1732 has been claimed to be equally effective and with fewer side effects. The present study was designed to compare these two agents. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity189 and @entity1143 refractory to repeated @entity456 over the previous 12 weeks were randomised to receive treatment with intrathoracic instillation of @entity3543 or @entity1732 . Fluid volumes before and after pleurodesis, drainage time, and side effects were registered and analysed, and the response to treatment was evaluated by clinical examination and chest radiography. RESULTS: The amount of fluid produced after treatment in the @entity1 receiving @entity3543 was lower than in those receiving @entity1732 , and the duration of chest drainage was shorter. After 30 days 16 of 20 in the @entity3543 group responded to treatment and 10 of 20 in the @entity1732 group. Most @entity1 died during the three months observation period. Moderate side effects occurred equally in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical pleurodesis can reduce or stop @entity1143 in many @entity1 , and in this study @entity3543 appeared to be more efficient than @entity1732 . A prospective study with a larger number of @entity1 is now warranted.

title: Chemical pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusions: a randomised prospective study of XXXX versus @entity1732 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural aspirations']

answer: @entity3543 :: (MESH:D011796,Chemical) :: ['mepacrine']


abstract: Because most descriptive studies did not specifically analyze the syndromes of @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ), including @entity3149 ( @entity3149 ), epidemiologic data concerning these syndromes are scarce or often unreliable. In this retrospective chart review study, all @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3149 were recruited at the outpatient @entity302 clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from 2008 to 2013. Demographic variables and relevant clinical and EEG variables were summarized descriptively. 2,750 @entity1 with @entity302 were registered at our @entity302 clinic; 239 @entity1 (8.7  %) were diagnosed as having @entity3149 . Female to male ratio was 1.7. Age at @entity410 onset was 15      3.5  years. Generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 were reported by 225 @entity1 (94.1  %) and absences by 90 (37.6  %). Electroencephalography (EEG) was abnormal in 69.6  % of the @entity1 . @entity3149 is one of the most common syndromes of @entity20687 . The key element in making the correct diagnosis is obtaining a detailed clinical history. MRI or laboratory tests in a @entity1 , in whom you are suspecting @entity3149 are not necessary. Even EEG has some limitations and normal or even atypical findings in a @entity1 with typical history for @entity3149 should not deter from the correct diagnosis.

title: Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of @entity3149 ( XXXX ) in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'JME']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity3149 :: (MESH:D020190,Disease) :: ['JME']


abstract: MRL-+, MRL- @entity1309 and B6- @entity1309 have been shown to be useful models in studying @entity1252 . MRL- @entity1309 and B6- @entity1309 differ from their congenic counterparts by the presence and expression of the homozygous recessive @entity1309 ( @entity1309 ) gene. One manifestation of this gene is a massive T-cell proliferation that results in a generalized @entity3329 in older animals. A paradox that has developed out of the work utilizing the congenic @entity19 is that the gene responsible for @entity1309 also appears to be responsible for the inability of T cells to respond to proliferative signals in vitro. In this paper we investigate the basis for this @entity6306 in antigen-induced activation of proliferation and antibody synthesis. We have demonstrated that spleen cells from both MRL-+ and MRL- @entity1309 @entity19 gave minimal stimulation in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction against allogeneic T cells. These findings were extended to include antigen-specific proliferation involving antigen that must be processed and presented to responder lymphocytes in a H-2 restricted manner. Thus, MRL-+ and MRL- @entity1309 spleen cells pulsed with ferredoxin also failed to stimulate ferredoxin-primed T cells from B10.Br animals in vitro. We then investigated whether any T-cell defect(s) was also contributing to this proliferative @entity6306 . T lymphocytes from the spleen of MRL-+, 2-month-old MRL- @entity1309 , and 6-month-old MRL- @entity1309 were tested in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. It was found that only the MRL-+ T cells gave responses approaching normal, suggesting @entity1309 gene involvement in T-cell non-responsiveness. This was confirmed by the demonstration of an age-onset T-cell proliferative @entity6306 in B6- @entity1309 @entity19 . This @entity1309 gene-linked non-responsiveness was also shown to extend to T-cell helper function in a positive allogeneic effect assay. We can conclude from these studies that antigenic nonresponsiveness in MRL congenic @entity19 can be explained by two defects: the failure of antigen-presenting cells in MRL-+ and MRL- @entity1309 @entity19 to provide the necessary signal(s) to immunocompetent T cells, this defect not being associated with the @entity1309 gene, and the @entity1309 gene controlled outgrowth of a unique T-cell population that cannot respond in our assay systems.

title: Antigen-specific T-cell @entity6306 in MRL congenic XXXX can be explained by two independent cellular defects.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of occurrence of mitral and aortic @entity338 in rheumatic @entity1 in whom there was no evidence of @entity2401 acutely or at an earlier attack. DESIGN: Colour flow Doppler imaging was used in a non-randomised study of sequentially admitted @entity1 who met the criteria for @entity4789 without clinically evident @entity2401 and @entity1 in whom the disease was quiescent after a previous attack of @entity4789 . Two separate control groups were used for comparison of the echocardiographic findings, and a group of @entity1 with confirmed @entity627 was included for comparison of acute phase and antistreptococcal reactants. SETTING: A general hospital with the only paediatric inpatient department in Qatar. @entity1 : From November 1988 to October 1990, 11 @entity1 were studied during the acute rheumatic period. In seven additional @entity1 the disease was quiescent when they were studied 18 to 36 months after a documented episode of @entity4789 in which there was no evidence of @entity2401 . The control @entity1 were all studied during the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Detection of mitral and @entity337 in @entity1 without clinical evidence of @entity627 in the acute or quiescent stages of the disease. RESULTS: Mitral or mitral and @entity337 was found in 10 of the 11 @entity1 studied in the acute rheumatic period. None had a murmur or other evidence of @entity2401 . In all the cases studied the @entity1887 was mild. Four of the @entity1 studied late in the quiescent period had either @entity339 by colour flow Doppler evaluation; two @entity1 who had previously had @entity1887 no longer showed this, and one @entity1 without positive findings in the acute phase remained without insufficiency. None of the non-rheumatic control subjects showed mitral or @entity337 . CONCLUSIONS: Colour flow Doppler imaging is a useful method of identifying subclinical mitral and aortic @entity66 at all stages of @entity4789 when @entity2401 cannot be otherwise detected and is a valuable addition to current diagnostic criteria.

title: Occurrence of valvar heart disease in XXXX without evident @entity2401 : colour-flow Doppler identification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic carditis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['aortic or mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['valvar disease']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['valvar insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valvar regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: QUESTIONS: What proportion of @entity1 who are managed by a primary-contact physiotherapy service in an emergency department experience adverse events? For @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with minor @entity130 , does the length of stay differ between those managed by the physiotherapy service and those managed by medical staff? For @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with minor @entity130 , is diagnostic imaging ordered as often by the physiotherapy service as it is by medical staff? DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. @entity1 : A consecutive sample of 1320 @entity1 presenting to an emergency department and managed by the physiotherapy service was analysed. Where possible, these @entity1 were matched by diagnostic codes - typically for minor @entity130 including closed @entity174 of the periphery - to @entity1 who were managed by medical staff in order to generate two matched cohorts for comparison. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were adverse events among the @entity1 managed by the physiotherapy service, the average length of stay of each cohort in the emergency department, and the proportion of @entity1 in each cohort who underwent diagnostic imaging studies, including plain radiographs, computerised tomographic scans, and ultrasound imaging studies. RESULTS: No misdiagnoses or adverse events were identified for any @entity1 managed by the physiotherapy service. The @entity1 managed by the physiotherapy service had a significantly reduced length of stay (mean difference 83minutes, 95% CI 75 to 91) and significantly fewer requests for each type of imaging than the matched @entity1 managed by medical staff. CONCLUSION: Primary-contact physiotherapists can manage a minor @entity130 caseload in the emergency department without adverse events. A physiotherapy service in the emergency department may result in a reduced length of stay and fewer requests for imaging. However, potential confounding of the results for length of stay and imaging must be recognised because matching diagnostic codes may not ensure completely equivalent cohorts. [Sutton M, Govier A, Prince S, Morphett M (2015) Primary-contact physiotherapists manage a minor @entity130 caseload in the emergency department without misdiagnoses or adverse events: an observational study.Journal of Physiotherapy61: 77-80].

title: Primary-contact physiotherapists manage a minor XXXX caseload in the emergency department without misdiagnoses or adverse events: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6926 presents with a set of constitutional disorders of varying severity, genetically determined and characterized by an abnormal production of collagen and matrix of the bone leading to @entity79 responsible for @entity174 and @entity85 . The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and radiological aspects of the pathology. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 10 cases of @entity1 with @entity6926 who consulted the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the University Center Aristide Le Dantec Hospital over a period of 6 years. The parameters analyzed were the reasons for consultation, physical examination findings and findings on standard radiographs. After collecting all the data, @entity1 were divided according to the classification of Silence and Glorieux. RESULTS: @entity158 was the reason for consultation in eight @entity1 . The saber blade @entity85 was found in nine @entity1 . Physical examination found tenderness in 80% of cases. @entity6926 was found in one @entity1 . The teeth were normal in eight @entity1 . Standard radiographs showed an @entity6092 skeleton with @entity174 (3.7 @entity174 on the average) associated with vicious @entity85 . According to the classification of Silence and Glorieux, six @entity1 were type VI, two @entity1 type IV, a @entity1 type III and one type I. CONCLUSION: @entity6926 is a rare disease. In our environment, the diagnosis is made late - a stage associated with @entity85 . Of these, the occurrence of @entity85 of the lower limbs is the most common. Radiological aspects are dominated by vicious callus formation, deformed bones and @entity2331 . Moderate forms are predominant. Parents need to be educated about the risk of repeat @entity174 and the need to present deformed @entity1 to hospital early.

title: XXXX in a pediatric surgical center in dakar, senegal: clinical and radiological aspects.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'multiple fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'many skeletal deformities', 'callus formation and deformity', 'sabber deformity', 'deformity of the legs']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'Blue sclera', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['Osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) is a multifunctional protein that serves as cross-linking enzyme and integrin-binding adhesion coreceptor for fibronectin on the cell surface. Previous work showed activation of small GTPase @entity3547 via enzymatic transamidation by cytoplasmic @entity8265 . Here, we report an alternative nonenzymatic mechanism of @entity3547 activation by cell surface @entity8265 . Direct engagement of surface @entity8265 with specific antibody or the fibronectin fragment containing modules I(6)II(1,2)I(7-9) increases @entity3547 -GTP levels. Integrin-dependent signaling to @entity3547 and its downstream target Rho-associated coiled-coil containing @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase (ROCK) is amplified by surface @entity8265 . @entity8265 expression on the cell surface elevates @entity3547 -GTP levels in nonadherent and adherent cells, delays maximal @entity3547 activation upon cell adhesion to fibronectin and accelerates a rise in @entity3547 activity after binding soluble integrin ligands. These data indicate that surface @entity8265 induces integrin clustering regardless of integrin-ligand interactions. This notion is supported by visualization of integrin clusters, increased susceptibility of integrins to chemical cross-linking, and biochemical detection of large integrin complexes in cells expressing @entity8265 . In turn, integrin aggregation by surface @entity8265 inhibits @entity7242 kinase activity and decreases activation of the @entity7242 substrate @entity35641 . Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of @entity7242 kinase reveals inactivation of @entity7242 signaling as the primary cause of elevated @entity3547 activity in cells expressing @entity8265 . Together, these findings show that surface @entity8265 amplifies integrin-mediated signaling to @entity3547 /ROCK via integrin clustering and down-regulation of the @entity7242 - @entity35641 regulatory pathway.

title: Cell surface transglutaminase promotes @entity3547 activation via integrin clustering and suppression of the XXXX - @entity35641 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: The nature and location of cells responding to @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) were investigated in situ by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the @entity3647 and @entity10736 proteins of the @entity10736 . Receptor expression was found in the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues. In the thymus the @entity3647 receptor was confined to medullary lymphoblasts and dendritic cells, which co-stain with the Tac protein of the @entity1199 ( @entity3647 . In lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid tissues, the @entity3647 receptor was expressed on activated lymphocytes and interdigitating reticulum cells of the T-cell area, whereas the @entity10736 receptor was confined to the germinal centre dendritic reticulum cells (DRC), which is the main site of @entity310 production. @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ) proteins were up-regulated in @entity1373 together with increased @entity310 expression. Surprisingly, no @entity10736 was detectable on non-lymphoid tissues. The species specificity of these @entity10736 antibodies was high: whereas the antibodies cross-reacted with epitopes in non- @entity1 primates, no immunoreactivity was detected in lower animal species, e.g. @entity235 , @entity95 and rodents. The data presented suggest that @entity310 , which is produced by germinal centre DRC, might regulate an in vivo immune response through autocrine and paracrine pathways, e.g. through the @entity10736 and @entity3647 receptor proteins, which are expressed at different sites of the lymphoid tissue.

title: Tumour @entity39 factor receptor distribution in XXXX lymphoid tissue.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['reactive hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ) is an aggressive pediatric mixed @entity9713 ( @entity9713 ). @entity12188 is linked to a hyperactivated RAS pathway, with driver mutations in the @entity11518 , @entity17226 , @entity29761 , @entity56219 , or @entity56193 genes. Previous @entity19 models demonstrated how those genes contributed to the selective hypersensitivity of @entity12188 cells to @entity2304 , a unifying characteristic in the disease. However, it is unclear what causes the @entity204 in @entity12188 @entity1 , as transformation to @entity3052 is rare. Here, we demonstrate that loss of @entity2370 protein at postnatal day 8 in @entity19 harboring @entity29761 haploinsufficiency results in an aggressive MPN with @entity204 at a @entity19 pre-pubertal age of 20-35 days (equivalent to an early juvenile age in @entity12188 @entity1 ). The @entity204 in the @entity19 was due to organ infiltration with monocytes/macrophages. There were elevated activities of @entity1994 and MAPK in cells at physiological concentrations of @entity2304 . These were more pronounced in @entity19 with @entity29761 haploinsufficiency than littermates with wild-type @entity29761 , but this model is insufficient to cause cells to be @entity2304 hypersensitive. This new model represents a @entity19 MPN model with features of a pediatric unclassifiable mixed @entity9713 , and mimics many clinical manifestations of @entity12188 , in terms of age of onset, @entity146 , and organ infiltration with monocytes/macrophages. Our data suggest that the timing of the loss of @entity2370 protein plays a critical role in determining the disease severity in @entity5 . This model may be useful for studying the pathogenesis of pediatric diseases with alterations in the Ras pathway.

title: Timing of the loss of @entity2370 protein determines disease severity in a XXXX model of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['JMML leukemogenesis', 'Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia', 'JMML']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm', 'MDS/MPN']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'early death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that affect whether @entity1 diagnosed with either @entity1778 or @entity706 receive a stem cell transplant and secondly if receipt of stem cell transplantation is linked to improved survival. DATA: California inpatient discharge records (2002-2003) for @entity1 with either @entity1778 or @entity706 linked with vital statistics @entity204 records (2002-2005). STUDY DESIGN: Bivariate Probit treatment effects model that accounts for both the type of treatment received and survival while controlling for nonrandom selection due to unobservable factors. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Having private insurance coverage and residence in a well-educated county increased the chances a @entity1 with either disease received HSCT. Increasing age and travel distance to the nearest transplant hospital had the opposite effect. Receipt of HSCT had a significant impact on mortality. We found the probability of @entity204 was 4.3 percentage points higher for @entity1778 @entity1 who did NOT have HSCT. Receipt of HSCT reduced the chances of dying by almost 50 percent. The likelihood of @entity204 among @entity706 @entity1 who underwent HSCT was almost 5 percentage points lower, a 70 percent reduction in the probability of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings raise concern about access to expensive, but highly effective @entity5 treatments for @entity1 with certain @entity1583 .

title: Factors affecting receipt of expensive XXXX treatments and mortality: evidence from stem cell transplantation for @entity1778 and @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Receptors expressed on the host cell surface adhere viruses to target cells and serve as determinants of viral tropism. Several viruses bind cell surface glycans to facilitate entry, but the contribution of specific glycan moieties to @entity1800 is incompletely understood. Reovirus provides a tractable experimental model for studies of viral neuropathogenesis. In newborn @entity19 , serotype 1 (T1) reovirus causes @entity1276 , whereas serotype 3 (T3) reovirus causes @entity198 . T1 and T3 reoviruses engage distinct glycans, suggesting that glycan-binding capacity contributes to these differences in pathogenesis. Using structure-guided mutagenesis, we engineered a mutant T1 reovirus incapable of binding the T1 reovirus-specific glycan receptor, @entity25893 . The mutant virus induced substantially less @entity1276 than wild-type virus, an effect phenocopied by wild-type virus infection of @entity25893 -deficient @entity19 . In comparison to wild-type virus, yields of mutant virus were diminished in cultured ependymal cells, the cell type that lines the brain ventricles. These findings suggest that @entity25893 engagement targets reovirus to ependymal cells in @entity19 and illuminate the function of glycan engagement in reovirus serotype-dependent disease. IMPORTANCE: Receptor utilization strongly influences @entity1800 , often dictating host range and target cell selection. Different reovirus serotypes bind to different glycans, but a precise function for these molecules in pathogenesis is unknown. We used type 1 (T1) reovirus deficient in binding the @entity25893 glycan and @entity19 lacking @entity25893 to pinpoint a role for glycan engagement in @entity1276 caused by T1 reovirus. This work indicates that engagement of a specific glycan can lead to infection of specific cells in the host and consequent disease at that site. Since reovirus is being developed as a vaccine vector and oncolytic agent, understanding reovirus-glycan interactions may allow manipulation of reovirus glycan-binding properties for therapeutic applications.

title: Glycan engagement dictates XXXX induction by serotype 1 reovirus.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is challenging in @entity1 with long-standing persistent @entity955 . The clinical outcome and subsequent @entity943 recurrence after using an ablation method targeting multiple left atrial sites with the aim of achieving acute @entity955 termination has not been characterized. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 (mean age: 53 +/- 9 years) with persistent @entity955 (mean duration: 17 +/- 27 months) were prospectively followed after catheter ablation. Catheter ablation targeting the following sites was performed in a random sequence: (i) electrical isolation of all pulmonary veins (PV); (ii) disconnection of other thoracic veins; (iii) atrial ablation at sites possessing complex electrical activity, activation gradients, or short cycle lengths. Finally, linear ablation of the LA roof and mitral isthmus was performed if sinus rhythm was not restored following energy delivery to the above sites. At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after ablation, @entity1 underwent clinical review and 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring to identify asymptomatic @entity943 . Repeat mapping and catheter ablation was performed in any @entity1 experiencing recurrent @entity591 ( @entity591 ). Clinical success was defined as the absence of any sustained @entity943 . RESULTS: @entity955 terminated during ablation in 52 @entity1 (87%). The fluoroscopy and procedural durations were 84 +/- 30 minutes and 264 +/- 77 minutes, respectively. Three months after ablation, sustained ATs were documented in 24 @entity1 (associated with @entity955 in 2). Mapping in 23 @entity1 showed a single @entity591 in 7 while multiple ATs were observed in 16. Macroreentry was confirmed to be due to gaps in the ablation lines, while focal ATs originated from discrete sites or isthmuses near the left @entity301 , or fossa ovalis; these sites were similar to those at which the greatest impact was observed on the fibrillatory process during the initial ablation procedure. After repeat ablation, at 11 +/- 6 months of follow-up, 57 @entity1 (95%) were in sinus rhythm and 3 developed recurrent @entity955 or @entity591 . All @entity1 in sinus rhythm demonstrated improved exercise capacity and all but 2 had evidence of atrial transport as assessed by Doppler echocardiography (mitral A wave velocity 34 +/- 17 cm/sec) by 6 months. CONCLUSION: Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent @entity955 associated with acute @entity955 termination achieves medium to long-term restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in 95% of @entity1 . @entity943 recurrence in the majority of @entity1 is @entity591 .

title: Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent @entity955 : clinical outcome and mechanisms of subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage, coronary sinus, pulmonary veins']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of screening for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) have been established for high-risk individuals, and recent guidelines advocate continued surveillance after curative therapy. Yet the optimal posttreatment surveillance strategy remains to be determined. We compared patterns of recurrence and modes of detection in surgically treated @entity1 with pathologic early-stage and locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who had undergone resection for stage I-IIIA @entity1149 from 2004 to 2009 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. All @entity1 received interval chest computed tomography (CT) scans every 6 to 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: In total, 1,640 @entity1 were identified: 181 of 346 @entity1 with stage IIIA @entity1149 (52%) and 257 of 1,294 @entity1 with stage I-II @entity1149 (20%) experienced recurrences. Surveillance CT detected asymptomatic recurrences in 157 stage I-II @entity1 (61%) and 89 stage IIIA @entity1 (49%) (p  = 0.045). Symptoms led to detection of recurrences more often in stage IIIA @entity1 (73,  40%) than in stage I-II @entity1 (81, 32%). Distant recurrences were more common in stage IIIA @entity1 than in stage I-II @entity1 (153, 85%, vs 190, 74%; p  = 0.01). In stage IIIA @entity1 , the risk of recurrence was highest during the first 2 years after operation, but it remained substantial into year  4. CONCLUSIONS: Stage IIIA @entity1 had fewer recurrences detected by surveillance CT, a higher rate of symptomatic presentation, a markedly higher risk of recurrence, and a higher propensity for distant recurrence. Surveillance strategies may need to account for stage-specific differences.

title: Differences in patterns of recurrence in early-stage versus locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung  cancer']


abstract: 1. @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signalling was studied in freshly isolated @entity35 portal vein myocytes by means of a laser confocal microscope and the patch-clamp technique. 2. In vascular myocytes held at -60 mV, @entity855 induced a large inward current that was supported mainly by activation of @entity16312 receptors, although other P2X receptor subtypes ( @entity22752 , @entity22753 and @entity22754 ) were revealed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 3. Confocal @entity141 measurements revealed that @entity855 -mediated @entity141 responses started at initiation sites where spontaneous or triggered @entity141 sparks were not detected, whereas membrane depolarizations triggered @entity141 waves by repetitive activation of @entity141 sparks from a single initiation site. 4. @entity855 -mediated @entity141 responses depended on @entity141 influx through non-selective cation channels that activated, in turn, @entity141 release from the intracellular store via @entity8452 receptors (RYRs). Using specific antibodies directed against the @entity48744 subtypes, we show that @entity855 -mediated @entity141 release requires, at least, @entity48744 , but not @entity58234 . 5. Our results suggest that, in vascular myocytes, @entity141 influx through @entity16312 receptors may trigger @entity141 -induced @entity141 release at intracellular sites where RYRs are not clustered.

title: Calcium signalling through nucleotide receptor @entity16312 in XXXX portal vein myocytes.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']