abstract: Based on small numbers of @entity1 , it is possible to make the following suggestions rather than categorical statements. For @entity410 and @entity302 which are not otherwise specified, @entity1092 seems of proven efficacy. @entity17979 may be a useful adjunct. The exact place of @entity2812 , which controls some myoclonia and makes them worse in other @entity1 , requires further study. The findings are clearer when specific syndromes are considered. @entity1092 is the treatment of first choice for benign @entity3148 in @entity1 , @entity3148 , @entity302 with @entity3148 , @entity3066 with absences, juvenile @entity3148 and progressive @entity3148 . The addition of @entity17979 to @entity1092 can be helpful to those with @entity3148 , where this combination appears more beneficial than either @entity1092 or @entity17979 alone and in @entity3066 with absences. @entity2812 can be effective therapy for juvenile @entity3148 and @entity3066 with absences when used alone and, in conjunction with other antiepileptic drugs (AED) (usually @entity1092 ) for early @entity75 , @entity3148 and particularly, @entity302 with @entity3148 . The myoclonia of @entity12030 respond to @entity2812 . Severe @entity3148 of @entity1 usually worsens with @entity2812 , but occasionally, @entity1 improve. @entity10315 added to @entity2053 and @entity1092 or a barbiturate, can reduce the cascade of myoclonia in progressive @entity3148 for at least 2 years, but relapse may occur thereafter.

title: Myoclonus and @entity302 in childhood: a review of treatment with @entity1092 , XXXX , @entity2812 and @entity10315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['Zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid myoclonia']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic-astatic epilepsy', 'myoclonic absences', 'myoclonus epilepsies', 'myoclonus epilepsy', 'myoclonic astatic epilepsy', 'myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide', 'Ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine', 'Lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity17979 :: (MESH:D005013,Chemical) :: ['ethosuximide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after liver transplantation is uncommon, and the outcome is almost always fatal. Since 1987, about 30 cases have been described, and @entity1 survival is mostly exceptional. METHODS: A 29-year-old @entity1 underwent retransplantation due to chronic @entity1448 , 5 years after his first liver transplantation. Indication for the first liver transplantation was @entity879 caused by exsiccosis. After the second transplantation, the @entity1 had an initially uneventful course, developing @entity882 at day 21 followed by @entity1910 and septic complications. Diagnosis of acute @entity2132 was made by using serological techniques for @entity1529 and @entity1533 and subsequently by fluorogenic sequence-specific primed polymerase chain reaction. In addition, donor lymphocytes were marked by immunohistochemical methods via biopsies of the skin. Immunosuppressive therapy was withdrawn to allow the @entity1 's own immune system to eliminate donor cells. RESULTS: By withdrawing the immunosuppressive therapy, clinical and morphological signs of @entity2132 vanished. The @entity1 is doing well without recurrence 13 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy is a promising approach in the treatment of acute @entity2132 to allow the @entity1 's immune system to reconstitute itself, reject offending lymphocytes, and avoid lethal septic complications.

title: Successful outcome of XXXX in a liver allograft recipient by withdrawal of immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: In many malignant diseases the expression levels of @entity1759 and its splice variant v6 (CD44v6) have been associated with the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of @entity1759 in adult soft tissue @entity242 (STS). 133 STS @entity1 with a limb or superficial @entity5 treated at the Helsinki University Central Hospital in 1987-1993 with a median follow-up time of 68 months were included in this study. The expression of @entity1759 and CD44v6 was determined immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded @entity5 samples. 95% of the @entity5 expressed @entity1759 and CD44v6 was detected in 57%. Strong @entity1759 expression was associated with low grade (P = 0.04) and small @entity5 size (P = 0.02). In @entity5 the @entity1759 expression was correlated with low S-phase fraction (P = 0.001). High expression of both, @entity1759 in general as well as that of CD44v6, predicted a higher risk for local recurrence ( @entity1759 : P = 0.01 and CD44v6: P = 0.05). Low CD44v6 content of the primary @entity5 correlated with poor survival (P = 0.02). Determining the expression of @entity1759 or CD44v6 in a primary STS could be a valuable tool for selecting the group of @entity1 who might benefit from intensified @entity5 treatment.

title: The adhesion molecule CD44v6 is associated with a high risk for local recurrence in adult soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'diploid tumours', 'tumours', 'trunk tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: A pathogenic role of @entity842 has been suggested in acute and chronic @entity32 . We took the opportunity offered by studies in @entity1 with excluded colon, which represents a model of chronic @entity32 with no exogenous @entity3542 or @entity1507 supply, to evaluate the quantity and the quality of @entity1507 reducers in @entity1960 . Thirty @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 , mean age 45 years) having an excluded colon for various reasons were sampled by rectal swabs and compared to 30 healthy controls (11 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 , mean age 28 years). The percentage of @entity1507 -reducers among the total count of subcultured bacteria was 46 +/- 41% (mean +/- SD) in @entity1 with @entity1960 as compared to 19 +/- 24% in healthy controls. This difference was significant (P < 0.05) despite great heterogeneity in individual values. In @entity1 with @entity1960 , 75/254 (29.5%) different isolated bacterial strains were @entity1507 -reducers as compared to 61/294 (21%) (P < 0.05) in controls. Among the 75 @entity1507 -reducing strains isolated from @entity1 with @entity1960 , 55 were aerobes. Pseudomonas species were only encountered in this population. The predominant group was enterobacteria with a high isolation rate of species belonging to the genera @entity795 , Providencia, and Morganella. In healthy controls @entity1507 -reducing anaerobes were nearly as frequent as aerobes. The most frequent species was @entity45076 , followed by @entity3168 . It could be suggested that @entity842 synthase might produce a bacterial substrate increasing the growth of bacteria with a high pathogenic potential, creating conditions for chronic @entity32 and infection in @entity1 with excluded colon.

title: @entity1507 -reducing bacteria in @entity1960 : a clue to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['diversion colitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity45076 :: ('84112', 'Species') :: ['Eubacterium lentum']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity7141 short contact treatment is usually applied once a day. For some @entity1 this does not fit their possibilities or needs. Therefore we investigated the efficacy of two other treatment strategies in two small groups of @entity1 . In the attempt to shorten the treatment time, one group of @entity1 was treated twice daily. In order to not withhold short contact @entity7141 treatment from @entity1 who are unable to perform the treatment daily or at home, a thrice-weekly treatment regimen was studied. 8 @entity1 were treated twice daily and all achieved at least a 90% reduction of the area of involved skin (clearance) within 12.3 (+/- 1.6) weeks. In the thrice weekly group six out of eight @entity1 achieved a clearance of their @entity1569 within 13.1 (+/- 4.2) weeks. The aim of shortening the treatment period was not achieved by twice daily treatment in a day-care centre. However, the thrice-weekly treatment regimen certainly appeared to be an effective one. Further studies are needed on larger populations of @entity1 to find out the optimal regimen for intermittent @entity7141 short contact treatment.

title: The impact of the frequency of short contact XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity7141 :: ('MESH:D000875', 'Chemical') :: ['Dithranol', 'dithranol']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity7141 :: (MESH:D000875,Chemical) :: ['dithranol']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity884 often face lengthy hospitalization for parenteral antibiotic therapy. Efforts to reduce medical costs have led to consideration of outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) for these @entity1 . However, concerns about outpatient management of complications, particularly congestive @entity712 and emboli, exist. In Argentina, carefully selected @entity1 with @entity884 , representing a low-risk population, have been successfully treated with OPAT. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 48 such @entity1 . Three delivery models were used: at home with medications given by the visiting nurse, at infusion center, or at home with medications self-administered. Ten @entity1 received OPAT only; 38 were initially hospitalized, then transferred to an OPAT program. Twenty-nine @entity1 had streptococcal disease, 37 out of 48 @entity1 were treated with @entity2756 . Clinical and microbiologic cure was achieved in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 developed @entity712 , 2 prior to starting antibiotic therapy. Four developed emboli, all prior to starting antibiotics. Surgery was required in 5 @entity1 : 2 were treated with OPAT postoperatively and 3 had surgery after antibiotic therapy was completed. OPAT for @entity884 is safe in well selected @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX : outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment in Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thin and pliable skin of the neck is a region with multidirectional activity, and @entity1159 tend to form there easily. The supraclavicular flap is used to correct @entity1159 . Its main vascular supply is the supraclavicular artery, and it can be harvested as either a skin pedicle flap or an island flap (vascular pedicle flap). OBJECTIVE: In this article, a total of 41 flaps are studied retrospectively and their efficacy in reconstruction of post-burn @entity1159 is discussed. Also donor-site morbidity, @entity1 satisfaction, and complications were evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November of 2004 and January of 2009, 41 supraclavicular flaps were used for reconstructions in 32 @entity1 at the authors' hospital. Twenty-four of these flaps were skin pedicle flaps, and 17 were island flaps. The range of flap size was 18    6 cm in length, and 9    3 cm in width. Pre-expansion was performed in 14 flaps. Primary closure of donor site was performed in 35 flaps. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of the 41 flaps survived completely, but there were three cases of distal @entity39 (10-30%), and one case of @entity39 . Twenty-nine of the 32 @entity1 were satisfied with both the functional and aesthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Scarring of the neck produces problems with function, and appearance. In our view, the supraclavicular flap, a thin flap of good texture, is an excellent and highly reliable flap for covering defects of the anterior neck. This flap is easy to harvest, with good functional and aesthetic results.

title: The supraclavicular flap for reconstruction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['postburn scar contractures', 'neck scar contractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete flap necrosis', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['post-burn mentosternal contractures']


abstract: @entity2695 of the cardiac valves are exceptional. To our knowledge, only ten cases of @entity340 , six in the mitral and four in the tricuspid valve, have been reported in the English literature. We describe an incidentally detected @entity886 of a 62-year-old @entity1 with chronic, degenerative @entity472 , who underwent renal transplantation 7 years before. We believe that this is the first report of a @entity2695 in this localization and the first one in association with solid organ transplantation. The review of the literature of the adult cases of @entity340 , including this report, revealed that the average age was 47.2 years (range, 24 to 68 years). No clear sex predominance has been noted. @entity1 can be asymptomatic or experience @entity944 . Symptomatic @entity1 have complaints of palpitations, @entity1353 , or @entity1163 . Histologically, these @entity5 are classified as capillary, cavernous, and mixed. Mean @entity5 size is 1.1 cm (range, 0.6 to 2 cm). In 50% of cases the @entity2695 is an incidental finding at autopsy or in a removed valve. Valve aortic @entity2695 , despite its rarity, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity455 of this cardiac valve.

title: Incidental in vivo detection of an isolated XXXX in a @entity1 with a history of renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['valve tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve hemangiomas', 'valve hemangioma']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['hemangioma of the aortic valve']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 was involved in a motor vehicle crash and was admitted to a local hospital. The following day, he was transferred to our hospital because of worsening @entity1353 . Initial examination revealed no @entity9285 , and chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated no mediastinal air. A left thoracentesis tube was placed for pneumothorax, which reduced the @entity1 's respiratory distress. He had a persistent, productive cough, which worsened when he drank water. A repeat chest CT on the fifth hospital day revealed @entity1727 . Bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. He underwent repair of the @entity825 and esophagus. The ruptured membraneous portion of the @entity825 was closed with interrupted sutures and covered with pedicled pericardial flap. The perforated anterior esophageal wall was sutured in layers and reinforced with a fifth @entity121 . @entity1129 was placed for feeding access. Within 6 weeks, the @entity1 recovered completely.

title: [Combined rupture of XXXX and esophagus following blunt trauma--a case report].

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['a tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A gastrostomy tuve']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal muscle flap']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This 15-year review presents the status of @entity697 in @entity3458 so as to assess the type of @entity281 , infecting @entity347 , mode of treatment and complications. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 seen in the last fifteen years. SETTING: King Fahd Hospital of the University at Al-Khobar and College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Two-hundred and one @entity1 were treated for @entity697 in @entity3458 . These @entity1 had 327 episodes. There were 125 males and 76 females with a mean age of 9.6 years (range 6 months to 33 years). Forty-eight (23.8%) @entity1 had @entity281 . The most common infecting @entity347 was salmonella species in 84 @entity1 (41.7%) and 71/84 @entity1 were below the age of 12 years. In 39/45 @entity1 who as @entity1 grew salmonella species initially had @entity697 due to other organisms in adult life. In 41 @entity1 more than one @entity347 was cultured and in 11 @entity1 the pus/medullary canal fluid did not grow any @entity347 . Blood culture grew infective @entity347 in 46.80%. Tibia was the commonest site of @entity281 76/201. The incidence of @entity6275 was 2.48%. CONCLUSIONS: Even with the improvement of socioeconomic status of the community, @entity697 is still common and severe in @entity1 with @entity3458 . In children, the antibiotics should be aimed at the salmonella species, whereas in adults antibiotics must be given to cover other organisms. Aggressive treatment with incision, drilling of bone, drainage and antibiotics for six weeks is required to keep the incidence of @entity6275 low in these compromised @entity1 .

title: The status of @entity697 in XXXX . A 15-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organism']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity6 contributes to the development of @entity75 in cerebral arteries. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 were dependent on the presence or absence of underlying @entity66 . Thirty @entity6 subjects between 40 and 59 years of age and who had no prior history of @entity101 were used in this study. @entity75 ( @entity75 ) were detected with magnetic resonance imaging and @entity731 ( @entity731 ) were detected using intra- and extracranial magnetic resonance angiography, and by ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid artery. @entity1 underwent a full clinical laboratory screening and a power spectrum analysis of their heart rate variability. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with and without @entity75 . The low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) was found to be significantly increased (P<0.01) in subjects with @entity75 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity75 (1.3 +/- 0.1). When subjects were divided into groups based on their presence or absence of @entity731 , high-frequency power was found to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (12.8 +/- 3.4 ms) compared to those without @entity731 (19.4 +/- 1.7 ms). The LF/HF ratio was found to be significantly increased (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity731 (1.4 +/- 0.1). Our data suggested that @entity731 in cerebrovascular diseased linked to decrease of vagal nerve activity in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive @entity6 XXXX correlate with the presence of underlying @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar lesions', 'sclerotic lesions', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the third most common @entity5 . @entity3218 ( @entity3218 ) has emerged as a significant metastatic suppressor and useful prognostic marker for a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . The aims of this study were to evaluate @entity3218 expression in @entity1358 @entity1 , and to determine the association of this protein with @entity3 and its prognostic significance. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for @entity3218 was performed for 310 cases of various types of @entity1358 . We investigated whether @entity3218 expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters and @entity1 outcomes. RESULTS: The tubules of normal kidney showed consistently strong cytoplasmic and membranous @entity3218 immunoreactivity. @entity3218 expression was significantly reduced in 42.2% of @entity1358 cases (negative 24.5%, weakly positive 17.7%). Reduced @entity3218 expression was significantly related to presence of distant @entity3 (p < 0.001), higher disease stage (p = 0.004), larger @entity5 size (p = 0.005), and @entity1358 subtype (p = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that reduced @entity3218 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival (p = 0.0014 and 0.0001, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that reduced @entity3218 expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis for overall @entity1 survival (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Our results strongly suggested that reduced @entity3218 expression is associated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 . Therefore, we concluded that @entity3218 expression is a significant prognostic marker for @entity1 with @entity1358 .

title: Reduced expression of Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein in XXXX : a significant prognostic marker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urological malignancy', 'cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Gene') :: ['Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein', 'RKIP']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'sarcomatoid', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: In addition to its role in innate immunity, @entity377 oligomerization domain 2 ( @entity23484 ) has been shown to play a suppressive role in models of @entity1960 . Notably, mutations in @entity23484 cause the @entity74 called @entity6819 , thereby linking @entity23484 with @entity2720 as well. However, the role of @entity23484 in joint @entity32 has not been clarified. We demonstrate here that @entity23484 is functional within the @entity19 joint and promotes @entity32 , as locally or systemically administered muramyl dipeptide ( @entity7192 ; the @entity23484 agonist) resulted in @entity32 that was abolished in @entity23484 -deficient @entity19 . We then sought to investigate the role of @entity23484 in a @entity19 model of @entity625 dependent on adaptive immunity using TCR- @entity19 whose T cells recognized the dominant epitope of proteoglycan (PG). @entity19 immunized with PG in the presence of MDP developed a more severe @entity625 and histopathology within the joints. Antigen-specific activation of splenocytes was enhanced by MDP with respect to @entity60 production, which would be consistent with the @entity630 -mediated disease in vivo. Intriguingly, @entity23484 deficiency did not alter the PG-induced @entity625 , indicating that @entity23484 does not play an essential role in this model of @entity2720 when it is not activated by MDP. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in a model of @entity625 dependent on T and B cell priming, @entity23484 activation potentiates disease. However, the absence of @entity23484 does not alter the course of @entity625 , in contrast to models of @entity32 .

title: Activation of @entity377 oligomerization domain 2 exacerbates a XXXX model of proteoglycan-induced @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'significant joint inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6819 :: ('MESH:C538157', 'Disease') :: ['Blau syndrome']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited granulomatous disease of the joints']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 -reported clinical outcome, instrumental stability and prevalence of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) based on a homogeneous @entity1 sample after two years and on average ten years after isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: Primarily we performed ACL reconstruction using a four-strand semitendinosus tendon (ST) autograft in 112 @entity1 . Two years after reconstruction 98 @entity1 could be re-evaluated. Long-term clinical and functional follow-up assessment was then performed on 52 @entity1 on average 10.2 years after operative treatment. Inclusion criteria consisted of an isolated @entity6151 , reconstruction with ST graft and no associated cartilage alterations and @entity75 . Clinical and functional follow-up assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the scores of Tegner and Lysholm. Instrumental stability testing was carried out with the KT1000    arthrometer. The degree of degenerative changes and prevalence of @entity571 was based on the J  ger-Wirth score. RESULTS: The mean long-term follow-up was 10.2 years (eight-13 years), and the mean age was 40.4 years (24-62 years). About 72 % of @entity1 were graded A or B according to the IKDC score. Activity levels according to the scores of Tegner and Lysholm were 4.8 and 88.2 on long-term follow-up. Radiological assessment revealed degenerative changes in the sense of a grade I @entity571 in 21.2 % of @entity1 . Prevalence of a grade II @entity571 was found in 53.8 % of @entity1 . A grade III @entity571 and a grade IV @entity571 were found in 19.2 and 5.7 %. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between the long-term stability and prevalence of @entity571 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using four-strand ST autograft resulted in high @entity1 satisfaction and good clinical results at two years and long-term follow-up. The prevalence of higher degree @entity571 that developed in about 25 % of @entity1 is significantly correlated with long-term knee joint stability.

title: Clinical outcome and prevalence of XXXX after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring graft: follow-up after two and ten years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['radiological osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Objectives were to investigate prospectively the ability of DNA adducts to predict @entity5 and to study the determinants of adducts, especially air pollutants. DNA adducts were measured in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) investigation. Cases included newly diagnosed @entity2 (n = 115), upper @entity5 (pharynx and larynx; n = 82), @entity150 (n = 124), @entity1778 (n = 166), and @entity1030 or @entity2415 deaths (n = 77) accrued after a median follow-up of 7 years among the EPIC former smokers and never-smokers. Three controls per case were matched for questionnaire analyses and two controls per case for laboratory analyses. Matching criteria were gender, age, smoking status, country of recruitment, and follow-up time. Individual exposure to air pollution was assessed using concentration data from monitoring stations in routine air quality monitoring networks. Leukocyte DNA adducts were analyzed blindly using 32P postlabeling technique. Adducts were associated with the subsequent risk of @entity2 , with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.86 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-3.93] when comparing detectable versus nondetectable adducts. The association with @entity2 was stronger in never-smokers (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.06-15.42) and among the younger age groups. After exclusion of the @entity5 occurring in the first 36 months of follow-up, the OR was 4.16 (95% CI, 1.24-13.88). A positive association was found between DNA adducts and @entity1787 (O3) concentration. Our prospective study suggests that leukocyte DNA adducts may predict @entity2 risk of never-smokers. Besides, the association of DNA adduct levels with O3 indicates a possible role for photochemical smog in determining DNA damage.

title: DNA adducts and XXXX risk: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'respiratory cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1 erythrovirus ( @entity8344 ( @entity8344 ) is a common @entity1 pathogen. The recent discovery of three genotypes, 1 to 3, raised issues related to the ability of genotype-specific antigens to cross-react with antibodies elicited by other genotypes. This study assessed antibody capture and immunoglobulin G (IgG) cross-reactivity between genotype 1 and genotype 3 recombinant antigens and analyzed the potential gain of adding VP1 protein to VP2 capsid antigen. Plasma samples from genotype 1- or genotype 3-infected populations were blindly tested with blindly prepared reagents. The IgG reactivity was assessed with baculovirus-expressed VP2 or VP1 and VP2 recombinant genotype 1 or genotype 3 proteins in a standardized enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A high degree of agreement (>95%) between EIA results was observed, with Spearman correlation coefficient and kappa reliability coefficient results of >/=0.95 for samples from the United Kingdom and >/=0.77 for samples from Ghanaian @entity1 , respectively. Most discrepant results were related to equivocal reactivity. The addition of VP1 to @entity28954 capsids did not significantly impact antibody detection. These data suggest that the currently available genotype-1-based IgG EIA is suitable to detect antibody to @entity8344 genotype 3 in Ghanaian @entity1 . However, samples from the Ghanaian adult population exhibited atypical results in the assay, possibly due to the high levels of nonspecific IgG antibodies found in adults living in this region. Within these limitations, the study demonstrates that genotype 1 and genotype 3 antigens are equally effective in detecting either antibody species.

title: Reactivity of genotype-specific recombinant proteins of XXXX with plasmas from areas where genotype 1 or 3 is endemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human']

answer: @entity8344 :: (10798,Species) :: ['human erythrovirus B19']


abstract: High-dose melphalan with stem-cell transplantation is believed to be the most effective treatment for systemic light-chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 , but many @entity1 are ineligible because of the extent of their disease, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) remains substantial. We report the use of a risk-adapted oral regimen of @entity786 , @entity2816 , and @entity619 (CTD) or attenuated CTD (CTDa) in 75 @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 , including 44 @entity1 with clonal relapse after prior therapy. Fifty-one (68%) @entity1 received CTD and 24 (32%) received CTDa. A hematologic response occurred in 48 (74%) of 65 evaluable @entity1 , including complete responses in 14 (21%) and partial responses in 34 (53%) cases. Median estimated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) from commencement of treatment was 41 months, and from diagnosis median was not reached with a median follow-up of 22 months. Three-year estimated @entity1349 was 100% and 82% among complete and partial hematologic responders, respectively. @entity137 necessitating cessation of therapy occurred in 8% and was at least grade 2 in 52% of @entity1 . TRM was 4%. The clonal response rates to CTD reported here are higher than any previously reported nontransplantation regimen in @entity1582 , and risk adaptation allows its use in poorer risk @entity1 . CTD merits prospective randomized study.

title: Safety and efficacy of risk-adapted @entity786 , XXXX , and @entity619 in systemic @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: A case of severe @entity5925 with extensive @entity296 in a 32 year old alcoholic @entity1 is reported. He referred effort @entity1353 for the last eight months which worsened thirteen days before his death. Admitted at the institute he was obnubilated and dyspneic. @entity1151 was suspected and heparin was given. He was then transferred to our intensive care unit in circulatory collapse. A chest Rx showed @entity1283 . A Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced and abnormal parameters corrected. Evolution was complicated with acute @entity2679 , @entity3127 and @entity75 . A net reduction of cardiac size as judged by a chest roentgenogram was noted in the final days. Necropsy showed skeletal and @entity299 , early @entity7160 , @entity298 and @entity3127 . To our knowledge, this case is the first in the literature to provide anatomical evidence of @entity299 , a fact which was suspected on clinical grounds but had not been proven.

title: [Alcoholic XXXX with @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Massive pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia', 'nosocomial bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant @entity687 ( @entity687 ) has an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity29 . @entity687 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, @entity7415 and @entity7416 . This paper describes the distribution of these @entity687 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). @entity982 -embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity7415 and @entity7416 in ten cases of total @entity31 , 16 cases of @entity698 , and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against @entity7415 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in @entity697 , with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In @entity31 , there was up-regulation of @entity7415 , with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of @entity7415 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for @entity31 cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for @entity697 ). @entity7416 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that @entity687 may, through @entity7415 , have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in @entity31 and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute @entity32 seen in @entity31 .

title: Distribution of the XXXX receptors, @entity7415 and @entity7416 , in inflamed gut tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a clinicopathologic study with follow-up on this rare subset of @entity5 in the pediatric population. @entity1 AND METHODS: A search was made through the surgical pathology files of two academic institutions for cases of non-translocation associated @entity1358 in @entity1 younger than 20 years old from 1995 to 2011. RESULTS: 12 cases were identified from 350 pediatric @entity1 with @entity703 (prevalence = 3.4%). The mean age at diagnosis was 11 years (range 1-18 years). The average @entity5 size was 7.3 cm (range 3.0-15.0 cm). Pathological staging analysis revealed 7/12 (58%) @entity2558 @entity5 , 3/12 (25%) pT2 @entity5 , and 2/12 (17%) @entity1803 @entity5 . Lymph node @entity3 was present in 3/12 (25%) @entity1 . The majority of @entity5 9/12 (75%) were Fuhrman nuclear grade 2, while 3/12 (25%) cases were Fuhrman nuclear grade 3. Tumor @entity39 was identified in 5/12 (42%) @entity5 , and angiolymphatic invasion was identified in 4/12 (33%) @entity5 ; 1 @entity1 developed lung @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic parameters typically associated with poor outcome in adults, including @entity3 /high @entity5 stage, high Fuhrman nuclear grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and @entity5 @entity39 , did not lead to death in any of the @entity1 in our series.

title: Clear cell, papillary and XXXX in @entity1 younger than 20 years old: a clinicopathologic study with follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['chromophobe renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of the extent of stent graft coverage and anatomic properties of @entity1580 on the outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for complicated chronic @entity1580 (CCBAD) in terms of survival, reintervention, and false lumen @entity715 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 71 @entity1 who underwent TEVAR for CCBAD. Mean @entity1 age was 54.7 years. Distal extent of stent graft coverage was categorized as short ( <= T7) or long (>=  T8) coverage. Indications of reintervention were categorized into three groups: proximal, alongside, and distal according to the anatomic relationship of the culprit lesion and the stent graft. Overall survival, reintervention-free survival, and extent of false lumen @entity715 were compared. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 97.2%. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.1%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year reintervention-free survival rates were 80.7%, 73.8%, and 60.6%. There were no differences in overall survival, reintervention-free survival rates, and extent of false lumen @entity715 between the groups. In the short coverage group, distal reintervention was more frequent in @entity1 with an abdominal aortic diameter >=  37 mm compared with @entity1 with an abdominal aortic diameter < 37 mm (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR was effective for CCBAD with a high technical success rate and low mortality. The extent of stent graft coverage did not make a difference in terms of survival and false lumen @entity715 . Reinterventions were more frequently performed in @entity1 with a large baseline abdominal aortic diameter who were treated with short stent graft coverage, and so longer coverage is recommended in such @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of endovascular management for complicated chronic XXXX : effect of the extent of stent graft coverage and anatomic properties of @entity1580 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection', 'aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: Psoralen photoreaction with DNA produces interstrand crosslinks, which require the activity of excision and recombinational pathways for repair. @entity375 replicating plasmids, carrying the @entity14414 , @entity10087 , and @entity9868 genes, were photoreacted with psoralen in vitro and transfected into @entity375 cells. Repair was assayed as the relative transformation efficiency. A recombination-deficient @entity9871 strain was the least efficient in the repair of psoralen-damaged plasmids; excision repair-deficient @entity28425 and @entity29815 strains had repair efficiencies intermediate between those of @entity9871 and RAD cells. The level of repair also depended on the conditions of transformant selection; repair was more efficient in medium lacking @entity2340 than in medium from which either @entity3793 or @entity5537 was omitted. The plasmid repair differential between these selective media was greatest in @entity28425 cells, and depended on @entity9871 . Plasmid-chromosome recombination was stimulated by @entity16 , and required @entity9871 function. Chromosome to plasmid gene conversion was seen most frequently at the @entity14414 locus. In RAD and @entity29815 cells, the majority of the conversions were associated with plasmid integration, while in @entity28425 cells most were non-crossover events. Plasmid to chromosome gene conversion was observed most frequently at the @entity10087 locus, and was accompanied by plasmid loss.

title: Differential repair and recombination of psoralen damaged plasmid DNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['psoralen damage']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity1943 ( @entity52633 ) inhibition of hormone hypersecretion from @entity5 is mediated by @entity1943 receptors (SSTRs). SSTRs also play an important role in controlling @entity5 growth through specific antiproliferative actions. These receptors are well expressed in numerous normal and @entity5 tissues and are susceptible to regulation by a variety of factors. @entity53 , a potent trophic and mitogenic hormone in its target tissues, is known to modulate the expression of @entity52633 and its receptors. Accordingly, in the present study, we determined the effects of @entity440 , a selective @entity172 receptor (ER) modulator (SERM), and @entity53 on @entity22796 and @entity7931 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in ER-positive and -negative @entity0 cells. We found that @entity22796 was upregulated by @entity440 in a dose-dependent manner but no effect was seen with @entity53 . In contrast, @entity7931 was upregulated by both @entity440 and @entity53 . Combined treatment caused suppression of @entity22796 below control levels but had no significant effect on @entity7931 . Treatment with @entity22796 -specific agonist was significantly more effective in suppressing cell proliferation of cells pre-treated with @entity440 . Taking these data into consideration, we suggest that @entity440 and @entity53 exert variable effects on @entity22796 and @entity7931 mRNA and protein expression and distributional pattern of the receptors. These changes are cell subtype-specific and affect the ability of SSTR agonists to inhibit cell proliferation.

title: Differential regulation of @entity1943 receptors 1 and 2 mRNA and protein expression by @entity440 and XXXX in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Urine cytology has been a long-standing first line investigation for @entity811 and is recommended in current major guidelines. We determined the contribution of urine cytology in @entity811 investigations and its cost implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected for 2,778 consecutive @entity1 investigated for @entity811 at a United Kingdom teaching hospital from January 1999 to September 2007 with final analysis in October 2010. All @entity1 underwent standard @entity811 investigations including urine cytology, flexible cystoscopy and renal tract ultrasound with excretory urogram or computerized tomography urogram performed in those with visible @entity811 without a diagnosis after first line tests. @entity1 with positive urine cytology as the only finding underwent further cystoscopy, retrograde studies or ureteroscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia. Outcomes in terms of eventual diagnosis were cross-referenced with initial urine cytology results (classified as malignant, suspicious, atypical, benign or unsatisfactory). Costs of urine cytology were calculated. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 124 (4.5%) had malignant cells and 260 (9.4%) had atypical/suspicious results. For urothelial cancer cytology demonstrated 45.5% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity. Two @entity1 with urine cytology as the only positive finding had urothelial malignancy on further investigation. For the entire cohort the cost of cytology was   111,120. CONCLUSIONS: Routine urine cytology is costly and of limited clinical value as a first line investigation for all @entity1 with @entity811 , and should be omitted from guidelines.

title: Routine urine cytology has no role in XXXX investigations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: Localization of messenger RNAs and local protein synthesis contribute to asymmetric protein distribution not only of cytoplasmic but also of membrane or secreted proteins. Since synthesis of the latter protein classes occurs at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mRNA localization and distribution of ER should be coordinated. However, this coordination is not yet understood. In @entity375 , mRNA localization to the growing bud depends on the myosin @entity54943 , its adaptor @entity54944 , and the specific RNA binding protein @entity54945 . These proteins mediate the localization of 23 mRNAs including @entity7563 mRNA and mRNAs encoding membrane proteins. In addition, @entity54943 and @entity54944 are required for segregation of cortical ER to the bud. Here we show, with @entity7563 mRNA as a model mRNA, that localizing messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles comigrate with tubular ER structures to the bud, which requires the RNA binding protein @entity54945 . Coordinated movement of the @entity7563 mRNP with ER tubules but not their association with each other depends on @entity54943 and @entity54944 . Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrate a cosegregation of ER and @entity54945 , which is independent of @entity54943 , @entity54944 , or polysomes. Our findings suggest a novel model for mRNA localization that involves association of @entity54945 and mRNPs with ER tubules and myosin-dependent cotransport of tubules and localized mRNPs.

title: Coordination of endoplasmic reticulum and mRNA localization to the XXXX bud.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injuries of the ossicular chain have various etiologies. Skull traumas from blows to the temporal, parietal or occipital region with or without @entity174 of the temporal bone are the main causes of the @entity130 ; other modes of injury are rare. It depends on the type of @entity130 which kind of injury occurs. Mainly subluxations, @entity155 and @entity174 are to be observed. The incus is the ossicle which is the most often injured. Mostly, only one ossicle is injured, rarely two or all of them. @entity1 : From January 1997 to June 1999 we operated 19 @entity1 with traumatic lesions of the membrane and the middle ear. In 4 cases the reason for the operation was an injury of the stapes. We observed 2 cases with @entity174 , 1 case with an impression of the stapes into the vestibulum with perilymphatic @entity292 and 1 case with subluxation of the stapes in the direction of the promontorium. By presenting 4 cases we want to point out the diagnostic possibilities and the operative management of such rare injuries. In all cases we applied the transmeatal approach for the operation of the middle ear. In 2 cases it was possible to place the stapes back in their anatomic position in order to re-establish the ossicular chain. In the other 2 cases we had to use middle ear prostheses which were interpositioned between the manubrium of the malleus and the footplate of the stapes. RESULTS: In all cases the immediate post-operative hearing results and the long-term hearing results after 10 to 28 months were satisfying. We did not notice any @entity532 , especially no vestibular symptoms. One @entity1 's @entity392 was the same as before the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a stapes injury is despite the use of sophisticated technology, especially the CT-scan of the temporal bone, often very difficult. A sensitive anamnesis seems to be very important. It depends on the kind of injury which operative technique is to be applied in order to re-establish the ossicular chain. In our opinion, it is useful to take - if it is possible - the autolog stapes for the surgical re-establishment of transmission.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of stapes XXXX and @entity155 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'broken stapes crura', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['luxations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the highest possible dose of @entity786 (C) and @entity2879 (E) to be given with high-dose @entity632 (D) and filgrastim ( @entity1261 ) but without stem cell support in high-risk @entity1893 . @entity1 AND METHODS: High-dose CDE was given to 18 evaluable @entity1 , 5 had previous chemotherapy. All @entity1 received D 90 mg/sqm and @entity1261 20 micrograms/kg/day. The first cohort had C 1800 mg/sqm and E 450 mg/sqm. Chemotherapy was given in equally divided doses over three days. Dose escalation was performed thrice up to C 3900 mg/sqm and E 975 mg/sqm. One to four courses were given. RESULTS: The median number of days (quartile values) with neutrophils < 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 9 days (7-10), untransfused platelets < 20 x 10(9)/l 6 days (3-7), fever > or = 38 degrees C 5 days (3-8), intravenous antibiotics 10 days (9-12), with packed red cell transfusion 1 day (0-2), and with platelet transfusion 2 days (1-3). Six @entity1 had complete remission and 11 partial remission from first course. There was no difference in @entity137 according to dose level. A second course was given to 15 @entity1 , resulting in fewer days with @entity1398 (mean 7.2), and intravenous antibiotics (mean 6.3). @entity33 was the main non-hematologic @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Very high-dose CDE with @entity1261 but without stem cell support is feasible as primary therapy. The @entity137 was similar to that of standard autologous stem cell transplantation programs.

title: Dose escalation of high-dose XXXX and @entity2879 with high-dose @entity632 (CDE) and filgrastim for poor-risk @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) belong to the class of @entity3007 -binding protein coupled receptors and consist of eight different subtypes. The subtype 2 metabotropic @entity2227 receptor ( @entity9449 ) gene ( @entity53664 ) is one of the possible candidate genes for @entity161 . @entity12781 ( @entity212 )-induced increase in @entity2227 efflux and @entity161 -like @entity146 were reduced by pretreatment of the mGluRII agonist @entity13288 in @entity35 and its effects are mediated via @entity9449 . To evaluate involvement of the @entity9449 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity161 , we isolated the @entity1 @entity9449 gene and determined the transcription initiation site, the entire @entity377 sequence and the chromosomal localization. The hmGluR2 gene spans 13 kb with six exons, including one non-coding exon. The gene was mapped to chromosome 3 @entity9287 - @entity6585 by Radiation Hybrid Panel analysis. We screened polymorphisms in the coding exons of the @entity9449 gene, using the SSCP procedure. The thirteen polymorphisms identified included ten missense, one silent mutation and two one-base substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. We genotyped 213 Japanese schizophrenics and 220 controls to study the association of polymorphisms in the @entity9449 gene with @entity161 . As we found no statistically significant differences in allele frequencies of each polymorphism, these polymorphisms apparently do not play a major role in @entity161 .

title: Structure and polymorphisms of the @entity1 metabotropic XXXX receptor type 2 gene ( @entity53664 ): analysis of association with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['Phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 has had limited success, which is possibly because of lack of effect on non-proliferating cells accompanied by the emergence of drug-resistant cell clones. Since immunotoxins (ITs) are known to exert proliferation-independent @entity137 , we investigated the efficacy of systemically administered anti- @entity189 ITs in nude @entity35 models, simulating micrometastatic disease. The monoclonal antibodies MOC31, BM7 and 425.3, which recognize epithelial glycoprotein 2, MUC-1 mucin and the @entity10816 , chemically conjugated to @entity2782 ( @entity2782 ), inhibited protein synthesis of the 2 @entity0 cell lines at concentrations of 0.3-0.4 ng/ml, except for BM7- @entity2782 , which was less efficacious (65 ng/ml). In the MA-11 model in nude @entity35 , a single i. v. dose of 20 microg MOC31- @entity2782 prevented development of @entity3 in the spinal cord in 11/19 (58%) of the animals. Similarly, 425.3- @entity2782 treatment gave 6/9 (66%) long-term survivors. In @entity35 injected intracardially or intratibially with @entity1 cells, treatment with 425. 3- @entity2782 prevented @entity3 in 4/10 (40%) and intratibial @entity5 growth in 17/18 (94%) of the @entity35 . Importantly, an equimolar dose of free 425.3 (antibody) was ineffective, whereas @entity2782 alone was toxic. With BM7- @entity2782 , 5/17 (29%) cures were obtained in the intratibial model. The results demonstrate that systemic short-term treatment with non-toxic doses of the 3 ITs tested can effectively inhibit the development of experimental @entity0 @entity3 and/or local @entity5 growth in bone. The results support the development of the ITs towards clinical evaluation for possible use as short-term adjuvant therapy in @entity1 at high risk of early relapse.

title: Systemic immunotoxin treatment inhibits formation of @entity1 @entity0 XXXX and @entity5 growth in nude @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas exotoxin A', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Cervical @entity808 are rare, usually asymptomatic, @entity5 and defined as a benign, encapsulated @entity5 that arises in the nerve fibre. Magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) plays a central role in diagnosing @entity3539 and in fact, provides important pre-operative information useful in planning optimal surgical treatment. A rare case of @entity808 is presented with a large swelling in the right side of the neck associated with @entity1353 and paroxysmal cough. X-ray chest revealed large homogenous opacity in apical area of the right lung extending into the lower neck. MRI revealed a large 6 x 8 x 13 cm soft tissue, well defined mass with lobulated contours on the right side of the neck. The mass was pushing sternomastoid muscle anteriorly and carotid artery was pushed anteromedially. The mass was abutting the brachial plexus and compressing internal jugular vein. The mass was extending into the mediastinum up to the level of carina. The mass was also pushing the vessels in superior mediastinum towards left and was compressing the veins. @entity5 was extending posterior to @entity825 and pushing @entity825 anteriorly and towards left and also compressing it. There was also erosion of adjacent anterior aspect of the right upper ribs. Subclavian artery was also encased by the mass. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were seen in right cervical area. A provisional diagnosis of @entity5 of right vagus nerve was made. Cytology from the fine needle aspirate of the right lower Cervical region of the swelling revealed features of @entity808 . Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice with excellent prognosis, as the @entity5 was benign, and recurrence is nearly unknown, so it is possible and indeed recommended to preserve nerve integrity with careful dissection.

title: XXXX of the vagus nerve: a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['giant neurilemmoma', 'neurilemmoma', 'vagal neurilemmomas']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant schwannoma', 'Tumour', 'slow-growing tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3539 :: ('MESH:D003390', 'Disease') :: ['vagal nerve neoplasm']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Giant neurilemmoma']


abstract: We aimed to establish reference parameters to identify functional effects of @entity1121 -related point mutations in the @entity121 heavy chain (b-cardiac/MyHC-1). We determined mechanical and kinetic parameters of the b-cardiac/MyHC-1 using @entity1 soleus muscle fibers that express the same myosin heavy chain (MyHC-1) as ventricular myocardium (b-cardiac). The observed parameters are compared to previously reported data for @entity95 psoas muscle fibers. We found all of the examined kinetic parameters to be slower in soleus fibers than in @entity95 psoas muscle. Somewhat surprisingly, however, we also found that the stiffness of the b-cardiac/MyHC-1 head domain is more than 3-fold lower than the stiffness of the fast isoform of psoas fibers. Furthermore, and different from @entity95 psoas muscle, in @entity1 soleus fibers both the occupancy of force-generating cross-bridge states as well as the elastic extension of force-generating heads increase with temperature. Thus, a myosin head in the force generating states makes an increasing contribution to force with temperature. We support some of our fiber data by data from in vitro motility and optical trapping assays. Initial findings with FHC-related point mutations in the converter imply that the differences in stiffness of the head domain between the slow and fast isoform may well be due to particular differences in the @entity535 sequence of the converter. We show that the slower kinetics may be linked to a larger flexibility of the b-cardiac/MyHC-1 isoform compared to fast MyHC isoforms.

title: Mechanical and kinetic properties of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['b-cardiac/slow skeletal muscle myosin']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['b-cardiac/slow skeletal muscle myosin']


abstract: @entity8452 receptor channels regulate contraction of striated muscle by gating the release of @entity460 ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. @entity8452 receptors are expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells of numerous species, including the @entity2199 @entity2199 . Unlike vertebrates, which have at least three @entity8452 receptor genes, @entity2199 has a single gene encoded by the @entity56224 locus. We show that @entity56224 is expressed in most muscle cells, and that the phenotypic defects exhibited by @entity56224 null mutants result from the loss of @entity56224 function in pharyngeal and body-wall muscle cells. The loss of @entity56224 function in the isthmus and terminal bulb muscles of the pharynx causes a reduction in growth rate and brood size. @entity56224 null mutants exhibit defective pharyngeal pumping (feeding) and have abnormal vacuoles in the terminal bulb of the pharynx. @entity56224 is required in body-wall muscle cells for normal motility. We show that @entity56224 is localized in body-wall muscle cells to flattened vesicular sacs positioned between the apical plasma membrane and the myofilament lattice. In @entity56224 mutants, the vesicles are enlarged and densely stained. The flattened vesicles in body-wall muscle cells thus represent the @entity2199 sarcoplasmic reticulum. Morphological and behavioral phenotypes of @entity56224 mutants suggest that intracellular @entity460 release is not essential for excitation-contraction coupling in @entity2199 .

title: Muscle-specific functions of @entity8452 receptor channels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine', 'Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To document cases of sustained elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) while receiving intravitreal @entity7 ( @entity7 ) agents and subsequent management. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective series of all cases managed by the authors and colleagues was performed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 developed sustained elevated IOP; five received ranibizumab and one bevacizumab. Four received unilateral and two received bilateral injections. Two had preexisting primary @entity1538 and one had @entity9998 , all with stable IOP prior to anti- @entity7 treatment. Angles were open in all cases. Peak IOP averaged 43 mm Hg (range: 34 to 60 mm Hg). The mean number of injections preceding the IOP increase was 10 (range: 1 to 20). Four @entity1 required trabeculectomy, one selective laser trabeculoplasty, and one multiple topical medications. CONCLUSION: A sustained increase in IOP requiring @entity726 filtering surgery is a rare but important treatment complication for @entity1 receiving intravitreal anti- @entity7 therapy, especially those with preexisting @entity726 or @entity726 risk factors.

title: XXXX filtration surgery following sustained elevation of intraocular pressure secondary to intravitreal anti- @entity7 injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliative glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors' objective was to resolve the current controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of blunt @entity788 (BPT). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The diagnosis of BPT is notoriously difficult: serum amylase has been claimed to be neither sensitive nor specific, and recent anecdotal reports have suggested a role for computed tomography. The therapy of BPT has been controversial, with some suggesting selective observation and others advocating immediate exploration to prevent a delay-induced escalation in morbidity and @entity204 . METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of documented BPT from six institutions, using a standardized binary data form composed of 187 items and 237 data fields. RESULTS: A significant correlation between pancreas-specific morbidity and injury to the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was noted. @entity1 requiring delayed surgical intervention after an unsuccessful period of observation demonstrated notably higher pancreas-specific mortality and morbidity rates, principally because of the incidence of unrecognized injuries to the MPD. Although detection of MPD injuries by computed tomography was no better than flipping a coin, endoscopic pancreatography was accurate in each of the five cases in which it was used. CONCLUSIONS: The principal cause of pancreas-specific morbidity after BPT is @entity660 . Parenchymal pancreatic injuries not involving the ductal system rarely result in pancreas-specific morbidity or @entity204 . Delay in recognizing @entity660 leads to increased mortality and morbidity rates. CT is unreliable in diagnosing @entity660 and should not be used to guide therapy. Initial selection of @entity1 with isolated BPT for observation or surgery can be based on the determination of @entity14501 integrity.

title: Diagnosis and initial management of blunt XXXX : guidelines from a multiinstitutional review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['MPD injury', 'injury to the MPD']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157:H7 is a well-recognized cause of @entity294 and @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). Non-O157 STEC contribute to this burden of @entity221 but have been underrecognized as a result of diagnostic limitations and inadequate surveillance. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2002, 43 state public health laboratories submitted 940 @entity1 non-O157 STEC isolates from @entity1 with sporadic illnesses to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention reference laboratory for confirmation and serotyping. RESULTS: The most common serogroups were O26 (22%), O111 (16%), O103 (12%), O121 (8%), O45 (7%), and O145 (5%). Non-O157 STEC infections were most frequent during the summer and among young @entity1 (median age, 12 years; interquartile range, 3-37 years). Virulence gene profiles were as follows: 61% stx(1) but not stx(2); 22% stx(2) but not stx(1); 17% both stx(1) and stx(2); 84% intimin (eae); and 86% enterohemolysin (E-hly). stx(2) was strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity1381 , and eae was strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity294 . STEC O111 accounted for most cases of @entity1381 and was also the cause of 3 of 7 non-O157 STEC outbreaks reported in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Non-O157 STEC can cause severe @entity221 that is comparable to the @entity221 caused by STEC O157. Strains that produce Shiga toxin 2 are much more likely to cause @entity1381 than are those that produce Shiga toxin 1 alone. Improving surveillance will more fully elucidate the incidence and pathological spectrum of these emerging agents. These efforts require increased clinical suspicion, improved clinical laboratory isolation, and continued serotyping of isolates in public health laboratories.

title: Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing XXXX infections in the United States, 1983-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Three egg-yolk diluents, which have been used successfully in cryopreservation of @entity1 spermatozoa, were compared for their ability to protect macaque semen against cryodamage. TEST (Tes + Tris + egg yolk), TEST with 20% skim milk (TSM), and egg yolk- @entity1792 (EYC), each with 3 or 5% @entity653 were compared using 12 ejaculates from 6 male cynomolgus macaques. Computer-aided analysis of sperm motion was used to determine the percentage motility (%M), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) of spermatozoa after thawing. The supravital stain @entity2455 and a fluoresceinated @entity3587 lectin were used to determine the % of viable spermatozoa with intact acrosomes. TSM and TEST were superior to EYC in terms of % M and of % viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa. TSM and TEST produced equivalent VCL and @entity5515 values, while EYC had clearly reduced VCL and @entity5515 . There were no interactions between diluent and @entity653 level. The 3% @entity653 level gave superior results to 5% @entity653 for %M. EYC, which is widely used for cryopreservation of @entity1 spermatozoa, was not suitable for @entity5434 semen. Artificial insemination with semen cryopreserved in TSM resulted in a healthy, full-term @entity1 .

title: Cryopreservation of spermatozoa from @entity5434 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['LIN', 'linearity']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: The efficacy and @entity137 of a combination of @entity3118 and @entity786 (FC) was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity6444 ). Between April 1997 and July 1998, 36 @entity1 with @entity6444 (median age 59 years) received a regimen that consisted of @entity3118 30 mg/m(2) in a 30-min IV infusion, d 1-3, and @entity786 250 mg/m(2) in a 30-min IV infusion on d 1-3. Cycles were repeated every 28 d. Twenty-one @entity1 had received between one and three different treatment regimens prior to the study, while 15 @entity1 had received no prior therapy. The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score was 1. One @entity1 was at Binet stage A, 18 were stage B and 17 @entity1 were stage C. Objective responses, assessed according to the revised guidelines of the National @entity5 Institute-sponsored Working Group, were recorded in 29 out of 32 assessable @entity1 (90.6%). Twenty-four partial remissions and five complete remissions were observed. Two @entity1 showed no change and one @entity1 showed disease progression. At February 2000, three of the responders had relapsed. Severe @entity1398 , @entity417 and @entity882 (Common @entity137 Criteria grade 3 and 4) were observed in 25, six and six @entity1 (69.4%, 16.7% and 16.7%) respectively. Other side-effects were uncommon. No treatment-related @entity204 and no grade 3 or 4 @entity281 occurred. We conclude that the combination of @entity3118 and @entity786 showed significant activity in @entity1 with @entity6444 . Myelosuppression was the major side-effect. These results warrant further study on the FC combination in randomized trials.

title: XXXX plus @entity786 is an efficient treatment for advanced @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ): results of a phase II study of the German @entity6444 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['Fludarabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the long-term outcome of postanal repair, and to assess whether the preoperative and physiological tests had any bearing on this outcome. Review included an opportunity for assessment with anal manometry and anal ultrasound. METHOD: Review of all @entity1 (n = 22) over a 10 year period from 1986 to 1996. Comparison was of pre-operative symptoms to symptoms at review. Correlation of outcome with pre-operative manometry and the results of manometry and ultrasound at review (n = 6) was determined. RESULTS: Assessment was possible in 19 of the 22 @entity1 . Follow-up ranged from 2 to 10 years (median, 8 years). Two had stomas created at 6 and 9 months and are considered failures. Seven @entity1 considered the operation a success, in four it improved their symptoms and in six it was considered a failure. Comparison of pre- and postoperative symptoms scores found a statistically significant improvement (P = 0.0093; two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank sum test). The outcome was not influenced by the results of pre-operative anal manometry. Anal ultrasound found five sphincter defects in six @entity1 . Such defects did not preclude improvement from postanal repair. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results showed improvement or success in only 11 (58%) of the @entity1 this was felt to be important given that these @entity1 may have few alternatives other than complicated procedures or a stoma. Postanal repair has a place in the management of @entity322 .

title: Postanal repair for XXXX : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the outcome in a consecutive series of @entity1 with tibial shaft @entity174 and to determine whether prospective registration of @entity174 care produces useful data for clinical purposes. DESIGN: A prospective follow-up study. SETTING: A large teaching hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. @entity1 : Sixty-four consecutive @entity1 with a tibial shaft @entity174 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were surgically treated according to the protocols at our institute and were followed up prospectively for one year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical outcome, functional results, Short Form 36 Health Survey, Olerud Molander Ankle score, visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The @entity174 were classified as 42A (61 percent), 42B (31 percent), and 42C (8 percent). Forty-three (67 percent) @entity1 were treated with an interlocked tibial nail. The complication rate was low and associated with high-energy @entity130 . The quality of life according to the Short Form 36 Health Survey was diminished at four and twelve months after the injury, as compared with the preinjury status. Twelve months after the injury, 44 percent had not regained full function of the injured leg, although all but two of the @entity1 had returned to preinjury working status. CONCLUSIONS: Although the complication rate was low, twelve months after the injury, nearly half the @entity1 still experienced functional limitations related to the @entity174 , which was also reflected in the quality-of-life parameters. There were difficulties in retrieving data for this registry. We think that periodic, rather than continuous, registration of @entity1 -related outcome after @entity174 treatment is more beneficial from a clinical and economic point of view.

title: One-year outcome after tibial shaft @entity174 : results of a prospective XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: It is proposed that opening and closure of the proximal urethra and @entity1494 are regulated by a battery of surrounding structures, the most important being the pubourethral-vesical ligaments, the suburethral vaginal wall, 'the hammock', the pubococcygeus muscles, the levator plate and the connective tissue which like glue connects these structures to each other. Inappropriate function in one of these structures can, to some extent, be compensated for by an improved function in another hereby maintaining continence. However, a significantly deteriorated function in the support of urethra--normally maintained by the pubourethral/pubovesical ligaments, the pubococcygeus muscles and suburethral vaginal wall--will result in pronounced @entity3142 . Severe defects in these structures can generally not be compensated for by exercises of the pelvic muscles. This is true, in particular, if there is also a defect function in the connective tissue which 'glues' the urogenital structures to each other. Under such circumstances surgical procedures have to be considered to alleviate the @entity1 symptoms. What is said so far must not exclude the importance of recognizing the role of the internal urethral structures to maintain continence, in particular the quality of urethral muscles, connective tissue and vascularization. In some specific cases of mixed @entity322 it can be speculated whether the urge symptom can be caused by an anatomical dysfunction causing the proximal urethra and the @entity1494 to remain involuntarily open or to open promptly at even minor pressure provocations. If so distension of the @entity1494 and proximal urethra may activate stretch receptors located here which will induce uninhibited detrusor contractions. The presence of @entity172 receptors in many of the structures involved in preserving continence may explain the increased prevalence of dysfunctions in the urogenital tract in postmenopausal @entity1 , in particular in those not on hormone replacement therapy.

title: Some reflections and hypotheses on the pathophysiology of female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence and location of regional lymph node @entity3 in @entity420 confined to the esophagal wall, to determine the extent of dissection required, and to investigate the applicability of nonoperative therapy. METHODS: Histologic evaluation of the resected specimens after en bloc esophagogastrectomy with mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenectomy was performed on 37 @entity1 with @entity420 confined to the esophageal wall. Follow-up was complete in all @entity1 (median 24 months). RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (41%) had @entity5 . Twelve (32%) had @entity5 and 10 (27%) had muscular invasion. The prevalence of regional lymph node @entity3 (15/37 @entity1 , 41%) increased progressively with depth of @entity5 invasion, with involved nodes identified in 80% of @entity1 with muscular invasion. Lymph node @entity3 were also more common at distant node stations in intramuscular @entity5 (5/10, 50%). Actuarial survival for the entire group was 63% at 5 years. Recurrence was identified in 6 of the 37 @entity1 (16%), with the risk of recurrence correlating with @entity5 depth. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 depth is a strong predictor of the probabilities of regional lymph node @entity3 , the likelihood of involvement of distant node groups, and the risk of recurrence. @entity1 with invasion of the muscular wall are at particularly high risk. En bloc esophagectomy with mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenectomy has the highest likelihood of achieving an R0 resection. The long-term survival and low recurrence rate achieved with an en bloc esophagectomy emphasizes the importance of an aggressive lymph node dissection to remove all potentially involved nodes.

title: Prevalence and location of nodal @entity3 in distal esophageal XXXX confined to the wall: implications for therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumors', 'tumor', 'intramucosal tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite aggressive surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, only 30% of @entity1 who have advanced, potentially resectable @entity189 of the head and neck survive for 5 years. In the hope of improving this situation we studied the effect of postoperative radiotherapy delivered concurrently with @entity900 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who had Stage IV @entity5 and/or involved surgical margins received 60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks plus 100 mg/m2 of @entity900 on radiotherapy days 1, 23 and 43. Fifty-two @entity1 participated in this trial and 51 were evaluated. Forty-three (84%) @entity1 had pathologic T3 or T4 disease, 43 (84%) had Stage IV disease, and 27 (53%) had histologically involved surgical margins. RESULTS: Severe and life-threatening @entity137 occurred in 20% and 12% of @entity1 , respectively; the most common drug-related @entity137 were @entity1431 , @entity417 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . Seventeen @entity1 (43%) remain alive with no evidence of disease. Four @entity1 (8%) died with no evidence of @entity5 , and one @entity1 has died of a second independent malignancy. By actuarial analysis at 3 years, 48% of @entity1 are alive, 81% have locoregional control of disease, and 57% are free of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Based on comparison with similar @entity1 treated in a prior Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/Intergroup trial (RTOG), we conclude that postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent @entity900 may improve locoregional control rates and should be prospectively tested.

title: Postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent XXXX appears to improve locoregional control of advanced, resectable head and neck cancers: RTOG 88-24.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Snodgrass recently described a form of urethral tubularization with longitudinal incision of the urethral plate to create an elliptical meatus. To prevent fistulae, a transverse island of dorsal subcutaneous tissue was used to cover the repair. The generation of this flap may compromise blood supply to the skin that is used in the skin closure, and predispose to @entity546 . We have modified the technique to address these concerns, while accomplishing the major goal of functional success-particularly minimizing or eliminating fistulae. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 , aged 6 months to 6 years, with distal or midshaft @entity2650 , underwent a one-stage repair using a modification of Snodgrass' technique. Rather than a transverse island flap of subcutaneous tissue, a local de-epithelialized skin flap was used to cover the urethroplasty. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 have returned for follow-up, and all @entity1 have an excellent cosmetic and functional result with an elliptical glanular meatus. There have been no cases of @entity292 or @entity850 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2650 repair utilizing a de-epithelialized local skin flap to cover a tubularized incised urethral plate gives an excellent cosmetic and functional result. Optimal blood supply to the ultimate skin coverage is preserved, and @entity546 is avoided.

title: Use of a de-epithelialized local skin flap in XXXX repairs accomplished by tubularization of the incised urethral plate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Distal hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile torsion']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: Three forms of @entity1447 , tentatively designated @entity11042 ), P-450(M-2), and P-450(M-3), and one form of @entity1447 , P-450(F-1), were purified from the liver microsomes of untreated male and female @entity35 , respectively. Each purified form of the cytochrome showed a single protein band on @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and gave a minimum molecular weight of 51,000 for @entity11042 ), 48,000 for P-450(M-2), 49,000 for P-450(M-3), and 50,000 for P-450(F-1). The @entity1223 -difference spectra of reduced @entity11042 ), P-450(M-2), P-450(M-3), and P-450(F-1) showed an absorption maximum at 451, 451, 448, and 449 nm, respectively. Judging from the absolute absorption spectra, the four forms of @entity1447 were of low-spin type in the oxidized forms. The antibodies against P-450(M-2) did not crossreact with the other forms in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test, whereas the immunodiffusion test showed immunocrossreactivity between @entity11042 ) and P-450(F-1), @entity11042 ) and P-450(M-3), and P-450(M-3) and P-450(F-1). The @entity2733 -terminal @entity535 sequences of the four forms confirmed that they were different molecular species, although significant homology was noticed among @entity11042 ), P-450(M-3), and P-450(F-1). The quantitation of @entity11042 ) and P-450(F-1) in liver microsomes by quantitative immunoprecipitation confirmed that these two forms of @entity1447 were developmentally induced in male and female @entity35 , respectively. P-450(M-2) was also developmentally induced in male @entity35 . In a reconstituted system containing @entity1110 and @entity1110 - @entity1447 reductase, @entity11042 ) oxidized @entity10045 at a high rate, whereas the other forms had low activity toward @entity10045 . None of the four forms showed high activity toward @entity3014 . @entity11042 ) catalyzed the hydroxylation @entity251 at the 16 alpha and 2 alpha positions, whereas P-450(M-2) catalyzed the 15 alpha hydroxylation of the same substrate.

title: Purification and characterization of three male-specific and one female-specific forms of XXXX from @entity35 liver microsomes.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity10045 :: ('MESH:D001589', 'Chemical') :: ['benzphetamine']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: There has been considerable interest in @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) as a new treatment for @entity483 . To establish the efficacy and safety of this treatment, a daily decoction of a formula containing ten herbs that has been found to be beneficial in open studies was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 40 adult @entity1 with longstanding, refractory, widespread, @entity483 were randomised into two groups to receive 2 months' treatment of either the active formulation of herbs ( @entity1058 ) or placebo herbs, followed by a crossover to the other treatment after a 4-week washout period. The main outcome measures were extent and severity of erythema and surface damage as judged by standardised body scores. The @entity1 ' own assessments of the overall response to treatment were also sought. The geometric mean score for erythema at the end of active treatment was 12.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9 to 22.0) and at the end of the placebo phase was 113 (65 to 180). The geometric mean score for surface damage was 11.3 (5.8 to 21.8) and 111.0 (68 to 182), respectively. The 95% CI for the mean geometric ratio for the two values with active treatment was 0.04 to 0.22 for erythema (p less than 0.0005) and 0.04 to 0.27 for surface damage (p less than 0.0005). Of the 31 @entity1 who completed the study and expressed a preference, 20 preferred that phase of the trial in which they received @entity1058 whereas 4 @entity1 preferred placebo (p less than 0.02). There was a subjective improvement in itching (p less than 0.001) and sleep (p less than 0.078) during the @entity1058 treatment phase. No side-effects were reported by the @entity1 although many commented on the unpalatability of the decoction. @entity1058 seems to benefit @entity1 with @entity483 . Palatability of the treatment needs to be improved and its safety assured.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in adult @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['TCHT', 'traditional Chinese herbal therapy']

answer: @entity1058 :: (MESH:C562377,Disease) :: ['traditional Chinese herbal therapy']