abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of multiple courses of high-dose @entity786 , @entity3003 and thiotepa with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation in @entity1 with @entity0 . Forty-one @entity1 with advanced hormone-refractory @entity0 were enrolled in the study. The treatment started with two courses of @entity1487 500 mg/m(2), @entity1259 120 mg/m(2) and @entity786 500 mg/m(2) (FE(120)C) followed by PBPC harvesting. The high-dose regimen consisted of three subsequent courses of 'tiny' CTC, @entity786 4000 mg/m(2), thiotepa 320 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 1060 mg/m(2) (target AUC 13.3 mg/ml/min) (tCTC) divided over 4 consecutive days. The second and third courses were scheduled to begin on day 28 after the previous transplantation. A total of 86 tCTC courses was given to 33 of the 41 enrolled @entity1 . Major @entity137 consisted of @entity2335 (six @entity1 ), prolonged gastro-intestinal @entity137 (three @entity1 ) and @entity5501 (two @entity1 ). There was one therapy-related @entity204 (unknown cause). Twenty @entity1 (49%) achieved a complete response, nine (22%) a partial response and three @entity1 stable disease after treatment. The median follow-up of the surviving @entity1 was 43 months (range 25-61). Six @entity1 remain in complete remission beyond 3 years. At 4 years, the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the whole @entity1 group were 23 and 30% with a median duration of 12 and 27 months, respectively and for FE(120)C-responsive @entity1 32 and 36%, respectively with a median duration of 15 and 33 months. In the @entity1 group with a PFS > or = 18 months all @entity1 had limited disease ( @entity3 in only one or two sites) and fewer @entity1 had bone or liver @entity3 compared to the overall @entity1 group (33% vs 51%). This report shows that three closely spaced courses of tCTC are feasible, with acceptable @entity137 . Triple tCTC can achieve complete or partial remission in most @entity1 and long-term PFS in a selected subgroup of @entity1 who have limited @entity3 and are responsive to conventional-dose chemotherapy.

title: Phase II study of a multi-course high-dose chemotherapy regimen incorporating @entity786 , thiotepa, and @entity3003 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage IV breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of @entity1 with perioperative @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) and @entity99 after elective @entity449 repair (AAR). DESIGN: A retrospective case-control study. SETTING: A single tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Between 1982 and 1993, 1966 @entity1 underwent elective AAR. Of these, 10 @entity1 (eight with abdominal and two with @entity439 ) developed @entity5642 and acute elevation of serum transaminases consistent with @entity99 during or shortly after surgery. The control group included 30 @entity1 matched by age, sex, year of surgery, and @entity439 type and size. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: None of the @entity1 in either group had preoperative @entity4461 or other causes for @entity5642 . There was no difference between the two groups in the duration of aortic cross-clamping. In all study @entity1 , severe @entity1003 or systemic @entity551 developed after the aortic cross-clamp was released. This resulted in significantly increased surgery time after unclamping (p < 0.001), and increased estimated @entity190 (p < 0.001). @entity5642 developed within 24 hours, and mean concentrations of @entity492 transaminase (4,021 +/- 3,579 IU/L) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (4,332 +/- 2,903 IU/L) peaked on the second postoperative day. Nine (90%) of the study @entity1 required repeat operations (seven for @entity548 ), and all of them died; the median survival time was 6 days (mean, 8.3 +/- 8.2 days). Only one @entity1 in the control group needed a repeat operation. @entity1188 or @entity39 was seen in all seven @entity1 who underwent autopsy or biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity5642 and @entity99 ("hepatohemorrhagic syndrome") rarely occurs after elective AAR and is associated with a very high mortality rate. @entity5642 was temporally related to the release of the aortic cross-clamp. The cause-effect relationship of this rare syndrome cannot be explained by operative course before the release of the aortic cross-clamp.

title: XXXX associated with @entity99 after elective @entity449 repair: comparative analysis of 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Liver infarction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic hepatitis']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation']


abstract: Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (PF), also known as Fogo Selvagem (FS), is an organ-specific @entity792 mediated by autoantibodies. These autoantibodies are disease specific, predominantly restricted to the IgG4 subclass, and pathogenic, as demonstrated by passive transfer studies. In contrast to @entity7271 , neonatal @entity272 does not appear to occur in babies born to mothers with @entity17411 . In the present study we have examined 19 mother/neonate pairs where the mother had documented FS. Mothers and neonates were examined soon after delivery and tested by immunofluorescent (IF) techniques for FS autoantibodies either in circulation (mothers' sera or babies' cord blood) or bound to the neonatal epidermis. All neonates included in this study were born with normal skin. Twelve biopsies from 17 neonates showed negative direct IF using both @entity2823 -antihuman IgG or monoclonal anti-IgG subclass antibodies. In five biopsies the epidermal ICS of the babies showed weak staining. In 10 of the 19 cord sera tested, FS IgG autoantibodies were undetectable; in nine, these autoantibodies were present in low titers (less than 1:40). The sera of the mothers showed higher titers of FS autoantibodies, and IgG4 was the predominant IgG subclass autoantibodies. It appears that @entity1 placenta may modulate the expression of disease in the newborn by operating as a "biologic immunoadsorbent" of pathogenic autoantibodies.

title: Pregnant @entity1 with XXXX (Fogo Selvagem) give birth to disease-free babies.

entities_list: @entity17411 :: ('MESH:C535551', 'Disease') :: ['non-endemic PF or FS']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity17411 :: (MESH:C535551,Disease) :: ['endemic pemphigus foliaceus']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) induced by topically applied @entity2518 (ALA) seems a promising alternative for the treatment of superficial @entity1489 and @entity2517 . In this study, the kinetics of new @entity13880 fluorescence arising after a PDT treatment that had photobleached the original fluorescence were determined. Our purpose was to examine the feasibility of multiple irradiations, following a single topical ALA application, to increase PDT efficacy. In addition, photobleaching during PDT and the fluorescence spectra during and after PDT were studied. As a model we used hairless @entity19 with and without UVB-induced @entity272 . ALA was applied to the skin for 4 hr. An illumination was delivered either immediately after application or 6 hr after the end of the application (at interval of maximum fluorescence). During PDT, the fluorescence of normal skin decreased at a faster rate than the fluorescence of the @entity272 . In the fluorescence study after PDT, the areas treated immediately post-application showed a fluorescence increase over time similar to that in non-treated areas on the same @entity19 . A remarkable result was that the fluorescence of areas treated at maximum fluorescence increased, whereas the fluorescence of non-treated areas did not increase over time. With both treatment intervals the new fluorescence showed a characteristic @entity13880 spectrum. Our results demonstrate that a second illumination, when new @entity13880 fluorescence has been formed, may increase PDT efficacy after topical ALA application. This finding has been demonstrated previously for systemic ALA administration.

title: Photobleaching during and re-appearance after photodynamic therapy of topical ALA-induced fluorescence in UVB-treated XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['PpIX', 'protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known on the chronic effects of left ventricular pacing (LV) in @entity712 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with LBBB, QRS >130 milliseconds, New York Heart Association class (Bradley DJ, Bradley EA, Braughman KL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization and @entity204 from progressive @entity712 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2003;289:730-40.) II, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%, and a class I cardioverter/defibrillator indication were implanted with CRT-D devices and were randomized to either LV or biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing. Response (defined as increases of >5 points increase of LVEF and/or > or = 10% 6-minute walking test [6MWT]) between LV and @entity3032 pacing were compared in an attempt to define the number of @entity1 needed to claim noninferiority of LV pacing. In addition, absolute change in LVEF at 12 months in @entity712 @entity1 treated with LV pacing was evaluated. The safety of LV pacing was assessed comparing the total number of @entity943 , of hospitalizations, and of deaths between the two pacing modes. RESULTS: The percentage of responders was comparable for both groups (LV = 75%, @entity3032 = 70%, P = .788); based on the 95% CI of the difference between the groups, 1100 @entity1 would be needed to claim noninferiority of LV pacing (with a 5% CI lower limit). LV pacing induced siginificant LVEF increase (5.2%, P = .002). These results remained unchanged after performing adjustment analyses. There were no differences in the numbers of @entity943 , hospitalizations, and @entity204 events between the 2 pacing modes. CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months, percentage of responders to LV pacing was similar to @entity3032 pacing. Furthermore, LV pacing achieved a significant increase of ejection fraction. LV pacing is both safe and feasible.

title: Comparison of 1-year effects of left ventricular and biventricular pacing in @entity1 with @entity712 who have @entity943 and left bundle-branch block: the Bi vs Left Ventricular Pacing: an International Pilot Evaluation on @entity712 @entity1 with XXXX (BELIEVE) multicenter prospective randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmia episodes']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Arrhythmias']


abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in inflammatory processes, wound healing, and @entity82 . In @entity121 (i.e., @entity3986 and @entity5442 ) and in animal models of @entity121 (i.e., produced by cardiotoxin, laceration, and eccentric contractions), increased @entity1810 was associated with muscle @entity82 and healing. Although @entity1810 transcript abundance was increased following injury, many studies presume that @entity1810 protein was also active as evident by increases in collagen transcript abundance. The purpose was to determine whether @entity1810 protein is present and active 48 h following injury. Using female @entity35 , @entity121 were produced by stretching (50 stretches) the plantar flexor muscles. Forty-eight hours following injury, the medial gastrocnemius was removed and compartmentalized into five equal segments. Damaged myofibers with intracellular concanavalin A staining were counted. The percentage of damaged myofibers was significantly greater in the distal-most segment. @entity1810 was assessed by using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and immunoblot analysis. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of @entity1810 in areas of @entity130 , whereas @entity4579 was not detected. Increases in @entity1810 and @entity4579 transcript abundance following @entity130 were documented by RT-PCR analysis. Increases in @entity1810 and @entity4579 precursor abundance were observed following @entity130 by using immunoblot analysis but there was no change in active @entity1810 abundance. Although there was no correlation between the amount of cellular injury and @entity1810 transcript and protein abundance, elevated levels of @entity1810 and @entity4579 precursor proteins were present in strain-injured skeletal muscles 48 h after injury.

title: Transforming growth factor-beta following skeletal @entity121 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'muscle diseases', 'muscle strains']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['strain injury', 'myofiber injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment modalities for @entity24428 and @entity24429 . A systematic review was performed using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and Embase for clinical studies. The outcome was measured by pooled response rate with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), together with heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias. 15 studies with 244 @entity1 were included in this analysis. @entity1891 therapy exhibited a relatively higher response rate (0.72; 95%CI, 0.64-0.79) compared with other therapies including systemic @entity228 (0.27; 95%CI, 0.17-0.36), interferon (0.36; 95%CI, 0.24-0.48), radiotherapy (0.49; 95%CI, 0.26-0.73), embolization (0.66; 95%CI, 0.48-0.83), @entity117 / @entity1396 (0.42; 95%CI, 0.06-0.78), and @entity3446 (0.57; 95%CI, 0.00-0.10), in treating KHE/TA. Subgroup analysis indicated that the efficacy of systemic @entity288 therapy was age-related. The pooled response rate was 0.15 (95%CI, 0.08-0.23) for participants3.5 months of age and older compared with 0.35 (95% CI, 0.26-0.44) for @entity1 less than 3.5 months. Regarding side effects, systemic @entity288 treatment was 0.32 (95%CI, 0.15-0.50), @entity1891 modality was 0.16 (95%CI, 0.08-0.24), and interferon therapy was 0.28 (95%CI, 0.13-0.43). In conclusion, as one of the first reviews evaluating the effect of common therapies in the treatment of KHE/TA, our meta-analysis displayed that @entity1891 was more effective. Thus, @entity1891 was the most effective, providing evidence supporting the use of @entity1891 as a first-line therapy for KHE/TA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Treatment of @entity24428 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity24428 :: ('MESH:C537007', 'Disease') :: ['kaposiform hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity24429 :: ('MESH:C536924', 'Disease') :: ['tufted angioma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity24429 :: (MESH:C536924,Disease) :: ['tufted angioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Repeat balloon angioplasty is likely to induce intimal proliferation, which is associated with a higher @entity256 rate. This study examined the effect of intracoronary ionizing radiation on restenotic lesions using @entity130 in a normolipemic @entity1707 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight domestic normolipemic @entity1707 underwent @entity661 with a 3.5 mm balloon in the LAD and LCX, followed by @entity130 at the same sites 4 weeks after the @entity130 . At that time a high activity 192Iridium source was introduced immediately after the angioplasty by random assignment to deliver 14 Gy at 2 mm in eight of the injured coronary arteries (LAD and LCX). One month later the animals were killed and the coronary arteries pressure perfusion fixed. Serial sections were stained with H_E and VVG, then evaluated by histopathologic and morphometric techniques. @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), intimal area (IA), and intimal area corrected for the extent of injury (IA/FL) were measured in the irradiated and control arteries and were compared to control arteries with single injuries from previous studies. RESULTS: Repeat @entity130 induced significant additional medial damage, which was associated with marked intimal @entity1373 in a concentric pattern. Intracoronary irradiation significantly decreased the total of @entity8233 area formation (IA 93 + 0.35 mm2 compared to control 1.38 + 0.33 mm2 p < 0.01) and the @entity1004 was also significantly reduced in the irradiated vessels (0.57 + 0.18 mm vs. 0.71 + 0.08 mm, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary irradiation immediately after the second balloon dilatation inhibits the intimal @entity1373 due to that injury. However, there was no effect on the existing @entity8233 from the @entity130 .

title: Intracoronary radiation decreases the second phase of intimal @entity1373 in a repeat balloon angioplasty model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['MIT', 'Maximal intimal thickness']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['overstretch balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'repeat balloon injury', 'balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: The degradation of peroxisomal and nonperoxisomal proteins by endoproteases of purified peroxisomes from senescent @entity3587 ( @entity3587 .) leaves has been investigated. In our experimental conditions, most peroxisomal proteins were endoproteolytically degraded. This cleavage was prevented, to some extent, by incubation with 2 mM @entity8861 , an inhibitor of @entity563 proteinases. The peroxisomal enzymes glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and @entity3776 dehydrogenase (EC 1.1. 1.49) were susceptible to proteolytic degradation by peroxisomal endoproteases, whereas peroxisomal manganese @entity224 dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was not. @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) from @entity2772 and urease (EC 3.5. 1.5) from jack bean were strongly degraded in the presence of peroxisomal matrices. These results indicate that proteases from plant peroxisomes might play an important role in the turnover of peroxisomal proteins during senescence, as well as in the turnover of proteins located in other cell compartments during advanced stages of senescence. On the other hand, our data show that peroxisomal endoproteases could potentially carry out the partial proteolysis which results in the irreversible conversion of @entity3624 dehydrogenase into the @entity224 -generating @entity3624 oxidase (EC 1. 1.3.22). This suggests a possible involvement of the peroxisomal endoproteases in a regulated modification of proteins.

title: Proteolytic cleavage of plant proteins by peroxisomal endoproteases from senescent XXXX leaves

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8861 :: ('MESH:D010664', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum L', 'pea']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the detection of circulating @entity5 cell molecular markers from localized @entity14 and the time-course of a surgical manipulation or surgical modality. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2010, samples from the peripheral blood and the inferior mesenteric vein were collected from 42 @entity1 with @entity694 . Pre-operative, intra-operative (both pre-mobilization and post-mobilization), and post-operative samples were collected. We examined @entity787 ( @entity787 ) mRNA and @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) mRNA by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Changes in mRNA detection rates were analyzed according to the time of blood sample collection, the surgical modality, and @entity1 clinicopathological features. RESULTS: mRNA expression rates before surgical resection did not differ between blood samples from the peripheral and inferior mesenteric veins. The detection rate for @entity787 and @entity2225 mRNA showed a tendency to increase after operative mobilization of the @entity5 . Furthermore, the cumulative detection rates for @entity787 and @entity2225 mRNA increased significantly over the course of surgery (pre-mobilization vs. post-mobilization). The cumulative detection rate decreased significantly after surgical resection compared with the pre-operative rates. However, no significant difference was observed in the detection rates between different surgical modalities (laparoscopy vs. open surgery). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that surgical manipulation has a negative influence on the dissemination of circulating @entity5 cells during operations on localized @entity14 . However, the type of surgical technique did not affect circulating @entity5 cells.

title: Influence of surgical manipulation and surgical modality on the molecular detection of circulating XXXX cells from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-bearing bowel segment']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the sigmoid colon or rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity1893 (PPNHL) of the lung occurs very rarely. To clarify clinical features, treatment alternatives and outcomes, we evaluated our surgically diagnosed PPNHL cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of PPNHL cases from January 2004 to December 2009 was performed. Demographic and clinical data are presented as means or medians. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: @entity1 were eight males and two females with a median age of 50 years (range, 29-76 years). In 40% of the patients, antigenic stimulation, @entity1200 could not been found. All @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation. Surgical procedures were needed to obtain a diagnosis (nine wedge resections and one pneumonectomy). Eight @entity1 had an extranodal marginal @entity706 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ), and two had diffuse large @entity1892 . The @entity1 were treated with observation (pneumonectomy case), chemotherapy (n= 7), and chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n= 1). Five-year survival was 76%. Difference in survival rates of @entity1 with bilateral vs. unilateral disease were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: On contrary of the literature, PPNHL can occur with absence of antigenic stimulation, and @entity1 generally have some symptoms. Chemotherapy or surgery can be used to treat PPNHL. @entity1 survival is good.

title: Primary XXXX : ten cases with a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune-suppression or auto-immune disease']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide. The availability of new chemotherapeutic agents have modified the treatment of mCRC over the years creating the need to evaluate the financial impact of treatment. The aim of this study was to establish and quantify the financial resources needed during the first-line treatment of mCRC in Brazil. METHODS: The authors began by reaching expert consensus using a modified Delphi panel with oncologists working at public and private services in Brazil. Costs were calculated using official databases and the microcosting technique. RESULTS: The panel reached consensus on six regimens used in the first-line treatment of mCRC, as well as the resources involved in the administration of these regimens. All the regimens contain either @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/ @entity4181 or @entity416 , combined with either @entity901 or @entity2600 . The analysis showed that, when compared with intravenous @entity1487 / @entity4181 , the cost of @entity416 was offset by administration costs. CONCLUSION: The panel concluded that regimens containing @entity416 , especially @entity416 plus @entity901 (XELOX) are less expensive than those containing @entity1487 / @entity4181 . Given the comparable efficacy and good tolerability of the XELOX regimen, it may be an attractive choice for the first-line treatment of Brazilian @entity1 with mCRC.

title: Medical resource use and cost of different first-line treatments for metastatic XXXX in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity322 may occur both in @entity302 ( @entity302 ) and in non- @entity302 events (NEE) such as psychogenic nonepileptic events (PNEEs) and @entity1163 . A comprehensive search of the literature to determine the accuracy of this physical finding and its prevalence in @entity302 and @entity1163 is still lacking. To undertake a systematic review to determine sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR) of @entity322 in the differential diagnosis between @entity302 and NEEs (including @entity1163 and PNEEs). METHODS: Studies evaluating the presence of @entity322 in @entity302 and NEEs were systematically searched. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (pLR, nLR) of @entity322 were determined for each study and for the pooled results. RESULTS: Five studies (221 @entity302 @entity1 and 252 subjects with NEEs) were included. Pooled accuracy measures of @entity322 ( @entity302 versus NEEs) were: sensitivity 38%, specificity 57%, pLR 0.879 (95% CI 0.705-1.095) and nLR 1.092 (95% CI 0.941-1.268). For each comparison ( @entity302 versus NEEs; @entity302 versus @entity1163 ; @entity302 versus PNEEs), pooled accuracy measures for @entity322 showed a statistically not significant pLR (the 95% CI of the pooled value included 1, and the LR value of 1 has no discriminatory value). CONCLUSIONS: A pooled analysis of data from the literature shows that @entity322 has no value either in the differential diagnostic between @entity302 and @entity1163 /PNEEs. Systematic reviews with pooled analyses of data from the literature allow an increase in statistical power and an improvement in precision, representing a useful tool to determine the accuracy of a certain physical finding in the differential diagnosis between @entity302 and other paroxysmal events.

title: The diagnostic value of XXXX in the differential diagnosis of seizures.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'ES']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of groin @entity547 is based on clinical symptoms and physical examination. In the case of equivocal clinical findings, @entity1 are often referred for subsequent diagnostic imaging. Accurate detection is important to minimize the inherent risk of complications or to avoid unnecessary surgery. Although herniography has been reported as a save and highly accurate procedure, it has not gained widespread acceptance in the diagnostic work-up of groin @entity547 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 157 @entity1 who underwent herniography in our department, which is to date the third largest study reporting on this technique. The diagnostic value of herniography was investigated--with laparascopic surgical findings serving as a gold standard--in comparison to clinical symptoms, physical examination and ultrasound. RESULTS: Herniography showed a substantial agreement with the surgical findings, but only a slight to fair agreement was found between surgery and clinical symptoms and examination. Poor agreement was found between sonographic and surgical findings. CONCLUSION: Based on the presented data and previously reported studies, we can conclude that herniography is a safe technique with a high accuracy to detect groin @entity547 in @entity1 with equivocal clinical presentation, whereas ultrasound has a wide range in reported sensitivity. Clinicians and surgeons should take this into account when referring @entity1 for subsequent imaging.

title: Revisiting the role of herniography in the preoperative work-up of groin XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity80 ( @entity80 ) has a recurrence rate of between 12% and 71% without en bloc resection or amputation. There is no percutaneous @entity80 treatment drug regimen demonstrating consistent evidence of @entity79 with recurrence of < 12%. @entity3403 has properties that may make it appropriate for percutaneous treatment. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked: (1) Is there reduction in @entity80 lytic cyst volume with injectable @entity3403 ? (2) Is it associated with thickening of involved bony cortex? (3) Is the recurrence rate after percutaneous treatment < 12%? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 20 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous treatment of ABCs with @entity3403 from 2006 to 2010. The mean age was 10 years (range, 3-18 years). There were 21 treatment locations: humerus (six), spine (five), clavicle (two), fibula (one), femur (two), ulna (two), tibia (two), and scapula (one). Twenty @entity1 completed treatment involving 118 treatment sessions (two to 14 sessions per @entity1 ). Treatment response was evaluated radiographically by measuring the lytic component and thickness of involved cortex. Recurrence was indicated by new areas of @entity2835 after completion of treatment. The minimum followup was 24 months (mean, 38 months). RESULTS: Twenty of 20 @entity1 demonstrated reduction in @entity2835 and bony healing. All @entity1 demonstrated cortical thickening. One @entity1 demonstrated recurrent minimal @entity2835 after 20 months of observation. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, @entity1 undergoing percutaneous @entity3403 treatment of ABCs demonstrated a healing response and a recurrence rate of 5% at more than 24 months.

title: Percutaneous XXXX treatment of @entity80 with low recurrence rate: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['lytic destruction']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['ABC', 'Aneurysmal bone cyst']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute @entity2747 resulting from massive @entity548 is a rare and catastrophic complication in age-related @entity1020 . Anticoagulant usage had been strongly correlated with this complication in previously reported cases. METHODS: Four @entity1 (4 eyes), 3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , developed @entity2747 with @entity548 and @entity5861 . RESULTS: Serial funduscopic examinations and echographic studies in 2 eyes showed that the blood gradually accumulated in the subretinal space. It took more than 10 days for the @entity548 to build up to bullous hemorrhagic @entity1713 and @entity726 . Anti-glaucomatous agents were given and sclerotomy was performed in 3 of the 4 @entity1 . Phthisical changes were observed subsequently in these 3 eyes. The eye that received early drainage of blood was an exception, and a small degree of residual acuity was retained. Three of the 4 @entity1 had @entity6 , and @entity101 and @entity455 were also present in the same 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 might be a predisposing factor for the impaired hemostasis. Anti-glaucomatous agents were of no effect in the management of intraocular pressure. Sclerotomy and drainage of blood help control intraocular pressure and relieve @entity3856 . Poor final visual acuity is inevitable. However, phthisical changes might be prevented with early sclerotomy and drainage of blood.

title: Acute @entity2747 resulting from @entity5861 in age-related XXXX : case reports and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal hemorrhage', 'diffuse subretinal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['total hemorrhagic retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity231 surgery combined with excimer laser trabeculotomy (phaco-ELT) can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phaco-ELT on IOP in @entity1 as a function of preoperative IOP. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 who received phaco-ELT between 01/2008 and 10/2009 were included. @entity1 were assigned based on preoperative IOP either to the study group ( <=21 mmHg) or control group (>21 mmHg) in this IRB-approved, prospective, consecutive case series. Visual Acuity, IOP, and number of anti- @entity726 drugs (AGD) were recorded at baseline and 12 months after phaco-ELT. Any @entity260 were also recorded. RESULTS: 64 eyes of 64 @entity1 (76.5    9.4 years) were included. Baseline IOP was 19.8    5.3 mmHg (AGD 2.4    1.1) for all eyes, 16.5    2.9 mmHg (AGD 2.5    1.0) for the study group, and 25.8    2.9 mmHg (AGD 2.2    1.4) for the control group. Across the two groups, IOP was reduced by 4.5    5.9 mmHg (-23.0%, p < 0.001) and AGD by 0.9    1.5 (-38.9%, p < 0.001). For the study group IOP was reduced by 1.9    4.4 mmHg (-11. 5 %, p = 0.012) and AGD by 1.1    1.4 (-42.9%, p < 0.001), and for the control group by 9.5    5.4 mmHg (-36.6%, p < 0.001) and AGD by 0.7    1.6 (-29.5%, p = 0.085). There were no serious @entity260 such as @entity3225 , significant @entity5891 , or a severe fibrinous reaction of the anterior chamber. CONCLUSIONS: IOP remained significantly reduced from baseline 12 months after phaco-ELT regardless of preoperative IOP levels, with no major complications. The IOP reduction remained constant over the entire follow-up. Hence, phaco-ELT can be considered in @entity726 and ocular @entity101 @entity1 whenever @entity231 surgery is performed, in order to further reduce IOP or to reduce the requirement for IOP-reducing medications.

title: XXXX surgery combined with excimer laser trabeculotomy to lower intraocular pressure: effectiveness dependent on preoperative IOP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glacuoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: The epidemiological situation of @entity4021 virus (FMDV) is uncertain in Nigeria, where the disease is endemic, and the majority of outbreaks are unreported. Control measures for @entity4631 in Nigeria are not being implemented due to the absence of locally produced vaccines and an official ban on vaccine importation. This study summarizes the findings of a 3-year study aimed at quantifying the seroprevalence of @entity4631 , its distribution in susceptible species and the genetic diversity of FMDV isolated from the Plateau State of Nigeria. A 29% @entity4631 prevalence was estimated using 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (3ABC ELISA). Farms with suspected @entity4631 nearby, with contact with wildlife, that used drugs or @entity4631 vaccines or with >100 animals, and animals of large ruminant species and in pastures other than nomadic grazing were significantly (P  <  0.05) associated with @entity4631 . Antibodies against five FMDV serotypes, (A, O, @entity39803 , @entity39803 and @entity39803 ) were detected by the virus neutralization test (VNT) at various titres (<100->800) from all tested sera from most parts of the region. This is probably the first report of the presence of @entity39803 in Nigeria. Further studies to investigate the potential probable presence and prevalence of @entity39803 virus in Nigeria are required. Tissue samples collected from clinical animals were positive for FMDV. Virus isolates were sequenced and confirmed as serotype A. All of the isolates showed marked genetic homogeneity with >99% genetic identity in the VP1 region and were most closely related to a previously described virus collected from Cameroon in 2000. This study provides knowledge on the epidemiological situation of @entity4631 in Plateau State, Nigeria, and will probably help to develop effective control and preventive strategies for the disease in Nigeria and other countries in the West African subregion.

title: Epidemiological analysis, serological prevalence and genotypic analysis of XXXX in Nigeria 2008-2009.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']


abstract: Chronic and subchronic @entity137 from exposure to @entity22022 , cyclic peptide liver toxins from certain cyanobacteria, poses an important hazard, which has received little study. No in vivo information exists on accumulation and transfer of @entity12219 from the food chain to @entity1 . This paper present results of a 3-year study that demonstrates bioaccumulation of @entity22022 by fish and potential rates of @entity12219 ingestion by @entity1 . The study was carried out in a shallow coastal lagoon in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Jacarepagu   Lagoon). Fish (Tilapia rendalli) were collected every 2 weeks from August 1996 to November 1999. @entity22022 were analyzed by HPLC in @entity409 while fish muscle tissue was analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Phytoplankton samples, dominated by the genus Microcystis, were confirmed to contain @entity22022 as were fish livers, viscera and muscle tissue. During the entire study period, including times of low water bloom densities, fish muscle tissue contained concentrations of @entity22022 close to or above the recommended limit for @entity1 consumption (0.04 microg x kg(-1) day). Our findings demonstrate that @entity22022 can accumulate in fish tissue used for @entity1 consumption. Rates of ingestion routinely exceed the TDI guidelines as set by the WHO for drinking water. Appropriate epidemiology and risk assessment should be undertaken so that an acceptable TDI and appropriate risk management decisions can be made for @entity1 consumption of fish which are harvested from cyanobacterial blooms that contain cyanotoxins.

title: XXXX contamination in fish from the Jacarepagu   Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): ecological implication and @entity1 health risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity22022 :: ('MESH:D052998', 'Chemical') :: ['Microcystins', 'microcystins']

entities_list: @entity12219 :: ('MESH:C078588', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['phytoplankton, fish liver and viscera']

answer: @entity12219 :: (MESH:C078588,Chemical) :: ['Microcystin']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography for the detection of @entity1575 in @entity1 with @entity3619 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: ARFI-based ultrasound elastography was performed in 69 @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) of viral aetiology and 36 healthy volunteers. Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity409 also underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS: ARFI was feasible in all 36 healthy volunteers and all 69 @entity409 @entity1 , while valid measurements were obtained in 65 @entity1 (95.6%) and all healthy volunteers. The mean shear-wave velocity (SWV) in healthy volunteers was 1.12  0.2  m/s. A gradual increase in mean SWV was noted from @entity82 of Grade F0 to F6 (Ishak's score) and a high positive correlation was found between the mean SWV on ARFI and @entity82 scores at liver biopsy (rho=0.789). The difference between the mild ( @entity556 ) versus significant @entity82 (F3 and F4) was also statistically significant (p<0.001). The difference in the SWV measurements obtained from consecutive groups (i.e., F1 versus F2, F2 versus F3, and F3 versus F4) was not statistically significant. Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the best calculated cut-off SWVs for the presence of @entity82 (>= F1), significant @entity82 (>= F3), severe @entity82 (>= F4), and @entity82 (F6) were found to be 1.207, 1.347, 1.513, and 1.92  m/s, respectively. ARFI values were significantly higher in cirrhotic @entity1 than in other @entity1 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ARFI elastography allows valid non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness and may help to distinguish between no/mild @entity82 and significant @entity82 and guide management decisions.

title: Can acoustic radiation force impulse elastography be a substitute for liver biopsy in predicting XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Urgent endoscopic intervention is important in the management of @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 (PUB). Hospital admission on Sundays or on public holidays may be associated with an increased mortality. This study sets to investigate whether mortality among @entity1 with PUB differs between holiday and weekday admissions, and also to investigate the association between mortality and the waiting time for endoscopy. METHODS: @entity1 with PUB admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital from 1993 to 2005 were prospectively recruited in the data set. Mortality and cause of @entity204 were documented. Predicting variables included @entity1 characteristics, waiting time for endoscopy, and holiday or weekday admissions. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors on 30-day mortality after endoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 8,222 @entity1 with PUB were enrolled among which 1,573 (19.1%) were admitted on holidays. A total of 334 (4.1%) @entity1 died within 30 days after hospital admission. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between holiday and weekday admissions (4.1 vs. 4.0%, P=0.876). Using logistic regression adjusted for age, hemodynamic shock, @entity1066 history, and severe comorbid illness, the waiting time for endoscopy was correlated with the risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.10, 1.06-1.14). Holiday admission has not increased the mortality risk (OR, 95% CI=1.07, 0.80-1.43). CONCLUSIONS: When therapeutic endoscopy can be offered within 1 day after admission for PUB, holiday admission will not adversely affect bleeding mortality.

title: The risk of peptic @entity1066 mortality in relation to hospital admission on holidays: a cohort study on 8,222 cases of peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer bleeding']


abstract: The impact of commercially reared house @entity238 parasitoids released into nine dairy @entity291 coverall facilities were evaluated over 3 yr. Individual and equally mixed ratios of the pteromalid parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Saunders and M. raptorellus Kogan and Legner were released at a rate of 500 parasitoids per @entity291 per week for 8 wk. Prerelease, release, and postrelease @entity4801 was monitored using nearly 100,000 sentinel house @entity238 , Musca domestica L., pupae during the 3 yr study. In general, very few adult parasitoids were recovered during the prerelease period and on the no-release farms during any period. However, considerable numbers of M. raptor and M. raptorellus were recovered from sentinel pupae on respective release farms. As expected, the greatest successful @entity4801 occurred during release periods, with a drop during postrelease periods. High successful @entity4801 and uneclosed pupae on M. raptorellus release farms suggests that this parasitoid was aggressive in attacking hosts with progeny production at approximately four wasps per pupa. Solitary releases of M. raptor provided sentinel mortality between 31 and 38%, whereas sentinel mortality on M. raptorellus-release farms was double, at 59-80%. Using mixed releases of the two species, overall @entity238 mortality was slightly lower than that observed on M. raptorellus-only farms. This study documents the advantage of releasing M. raptorellus rather than M. raptor on New York dairy @entity291 facilities, as supported by higher @entity4801 rates and lower costs (35-75%) for purchase of these gregarious wasps, as 75-80% fewer parasitized pupae are needed to achieve similar adult parasitoid levels.

title: Individual and combined releases of Muscidifurax raptor and M. raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as a biological control tactic targeting house flies in dairy XXXX facilities.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: A map of cholinergic cells of the @entity1 brainstem identified by immunohistochemistry of @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) is presented, along with a map of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing cells and fibers. @entity4268 -positive structures belong to 4 brainstem systems: the cranial motor nuclei; the parabrachial complex; the reticular system; and the vestibular system. All motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, as well as the nucleus supraspinalis, are @entity4268 -positive. The positively staining structures of the parabrachial system include the nucleus tegmentali pedunculopontinus, and the nuclei parabrachialis medialis and lateralis. Nuclei of the reticular system containing some @entity4268 -positive cells include the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the nucleus reticularis lateralis and the formatio @entity12288 (medulla). Structures of the vestibular and auditory systems which contain some @entity4268 -positive cells include the nucleus vestibularis lateralis, and the nuclei olivaris superioris medialis and lateralis. All @entity4268 -positive structures stain strongly for AChE. AChE-positive, @entity4268 -negative structures were noted in several sensory systems. The substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei, known to contain non-cholinergic cells, also stain positively. The significance of the AChE-positive, @entity4268 -negative staining in most structures remains to be determined. A knowledge of the cholinergic systems of @entity1 brain may be important to an understanding of the pathology of a number of diseases.

title: The cholinergic system of the XXXX hindbrain studied by @entity1877 acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry.

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['reticularis centralis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Three cases of @entity2 showing a variable degree of microcystic change are described. They are presented as incidental solitary peripheral lung nodules on routine radiologic studies. The @entity1 included 2 @entity1 , 45 and 65 years old, and 1 @entity1 , 33 years old. Clinical work-up showed no evidence of @entity5 in other sites. Following surgical resection, no evidence of disease was observed after a mean follow-up of 48 months. The @entity5 ranged in size from 1 to 2.3 cm (mean 1.4 cm). Microscopically, the lesions were well circumscribed with conspicuous cystic change and @entity4494 . Innocuous, widely-spaced, spindled to stellate @entity5 cells showed minimal nuclear pleomorphism and absence of mitotic activity. The @entity4494 contained acid mucopolysaccharides, sensitive to hyaluronidase digestion. No epithelial, chondroid, neural, myofibroblastic, lipomatous or vascular differentiation was evident on immunohistochemical studies. Although these cases display cytologic features, @entity4494 and benign clinical course characteristic of @entity358 ; the presence of microcystic architecture is unique to the current series, and thus a descriptive designation "microcystic @entity81 " is suggested.

title: Pulmonary microcystic XXXX : Report of 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary myxoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary myxomas']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyxoma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibromyxoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between daily hospital admissions for @entity565 and air pollution in London in 1987-92 and the possible confounding and modifying effects of airborne pollen. METHODS: For all ages together and the age groups 0-14, 15-64 and 65+ years, Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of daily @entity565 admissions associated with changes in @entity1787 , @entity12546 , @entity7459 and particles (black smoke), controlling for time trends, seasonal factors, calendar effects, influenza epidemics, temperature, humidity, and autocorrelation. Independent effects of individual pollutants and interactions with aeroallergens were explored using two pollutant models and models including pollen counts (grass, oak and birch). RESULTS: In all-year analyses @entity1787 was significantly associated with admissions in the 15-64 age group (10 ppb eight hour @entity1787 , 3.93% increase), @entity7459 in the 0-14 and 65+ age groups (10 ppb 24 hour @entity7459 , 1.25% and 2.96%, respectively), @entity12546 in the 0-14 age group (10 micrograms/m3 24 hour @entity12546 , 1.64%), and black smoke in the 65% age group (10 micrograms/m3 black smoke, 5.60%). Significant seasonal differences were observed for @entity1787 in the 0-14 and 15-64 age groups, and in the 0-14 age group there were negative associations with @entity1787 in the cool season. In general, cumulative lags of up to three days tended to show stronger and more significant effects than single day lags. In two-pollutant models these associations were most robust for @entity1787 and least for @entity7459 . There was no evidence that the associations with air pollutants were due to confounding by any of the pollens, and little evidence of an interaction between pollens and pollution except for synergism of @entity12546 and grass pollen in @entity1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1787 , @entity12546 , @entity7459 , and particles were all found to have significant associations with daily hospital admissions for @entity565 , but there was a lack of consistency across the age groups in the specific pollutant. These associations were not explained by confounding by airborne pollens nor was there convincing evidence that the effects of air pollutants and airborne pollens interact in causing hospital admissions for @entity565 .

title: Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for XXXX in London 1987-92.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity12546 :: ('CHEBI:18422', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphur dioxide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) may be caused by activation of @entity1184 . Healthy articular cartilage is highly resistant to @entity1184 differentiation, in contrast to other hyaline cartilage subtypes, such as growth plate cartilage. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the difference in the propensity of @entity1 articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage to undergo @entity1184 differentiation. METHODS: Whole-genome gene-expression microarray analysis of healthy @entity1 growth plate and articular cartilage derived from the same adolescent donors was performed. Candidate genes, which were enriched in the articular cartilage, were validated at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and examined for their potential to inhibit @entity1184 differentiation in two models. In addition, we studied a possible genetic association with @entity571 . RESULTS: Pathway analysis demonstrated decreased Wnt signaling in articular cartilage as compared to growth plate cartilage. This was at least partly due to increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt antagonists Gremlin 1, @entity34973 ( @entity34973 ), and @entity5741 at the mRNA and protein levels in articular cartilage. Supplementation of these proteins diminished terminal @entity1184 differentiation without affecting chondrogenesis in long-bone explant cultures and chondrogenically differentiating @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, we found that single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity36933 , which is located in a genomic control region of @entity13465 , was significantly associated with a 20% reduced risk of radiographic hip @entity571 in 2 population-based cohorts. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our study identified Gremlin 1, @entity34973 , and @entity5741 as natural brakes on @entity1184 . As @entity1184 may contribute to the development of @entity571 , our findings may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

title: Gremlin 1, @entity34973 , and @entity5741 are key regulators of XXXX articular cartilage homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic differentiation in articular cartilage', 'hypertrophic', 'hypertrophic differentiation of articular cartilage', 'hypertrophic differentiation of articular chondrocytes']

entities_list: @entity34973 :: ('2487', 'Gene') :: ['Frizzled-related protein', 'FRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform a prospective pilot study to evaluate interferon alfa-2a (IFN alfa-2a) for the treatment of refractory @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in endogenous @entity1596 . METHODS: IFN alfa-2a was administered at an initial dose of 3 or 6 million IU (depending on body weight) per day subcutaneously. Afterwards IFN alfa-2a was @entity14762 over 6 months and finally discontinued. If @entity1103 relapsed IFN alfa-2a was reinstituted and @entity14762 again to evaluate the lowest maintenance dose to keep remission. RESULTS: A total of 15 eyes of 8 @entity1 with refractory @entity1103 due to intermediate or posterior @entity1596 were included. Ineffective pretreatment consisted of systemic @entity230 and @entity3791 (all @entity1 ) and at least one additional immunosuppressant (6 @entity1 ). Six of 8 @entity1 (11 eyes) responded well to IFN alfa-2a and @entity1103 resolved completely during 6 months treatment. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up after IFN alfa-2a was stopped. In 1 @entity1 (1 eye) even 19 months after cessation of IFN alfa-2a no recurrence of @entity1103 occurred. In 4 @entity1 (8 eyes) IFN alfa-2a had to be reinstituted because @entity1103 relapsed. All 4 @entity1 responded again. During a mean follow-up period of 16.4 months since restart of therapy we succeeded in all 4 @entity1 to taper IFN alfa-2a to maintenance doses between 1.5 million IU every second and every sixth day without a recurrence of @entity1103 in any of the 8 eyes. CONCLUSION: IFN alfa-2a can be a treatment option for @entity1 with otherwise treatment resistant uveitic @entity1103 .

title: Interferon alfa-2a: a new treatment option for long lasting refractory XXXX in @entity1596 ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14762 :: ('MESH:C536272', 'Disease') :: ['tapered slowly']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['cystoid macular edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the rare diseases of primary @entity4617 is a leading pathology. A sixteen-year clinical experience and follow-up ofpatients with surgical removal of this particular mass is reported. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Medical records of @entity5 @entity1 between April 1995 and June 2012 were reviewed and only @entity299 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection were studied The data of clinical presentations, investigations, operative details, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity299 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.6 +/- 2.3 (14 to 82) years were on operated during the sixteen-year period; of these, 76% were female. @entity1353 was the most common symptom accounting for approximately 78%,followed by @entity712 38%, and @entity64 18%. Constitutional symptoms of @entity353 , fatigue, and @entity221 were found 33%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. Mean ejection fraction was 62% and the @entity5 size varied from 1.4 to 10 centimeters in diameter Site distribution of @entity5 were left atrium (89%), right atrium (9%), and multiple site (2%), with the interatrial septum as the most frequent site of attachment (69%). @entity1 with irregular surface @entity5 had 29% greater chance of having @entity64 than those with smooth surface @entity5 (p = 0.015). There was no operative or post-operative mortality. The complete follow-up was 98% with 99.8 +/- 52 months of mean follow-up. Ten and fifteen-year survival were 97%. A recurrence was found in one @entity1 with multiple site @entity5 at eight-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity3291 is a @entity395 with a variety of clinical presentation. Surgical resection provides excellent operative and long-term survival. Despite a very insignificant chance of recurrence, long-term follow-up is still necessary.

title: XXXX : sixteen-year experience in Central Chest Institute of Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intracardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor myxoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac myxoma']


abstract: Timed-mated @entity35 (60/group) were exposed to @entity7232 (BA) from gestational days (gd) 0 to 20. BA added to the diet (0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.1, or 0.2%) yielded @entity9725 (B) intakes of <0.35 (control), 3, 6, 10, 13, or 25 mg B/kg body wt/d. Approximately one-half of the dams/group were terminated on gd 20, maternal whole blood collected and frozen, and prenatal outcome (fetal growth, viability, and morphology) evaluated. Remaining dams received control diet beginning on gd 20, and litters were monitored throughout lactation. Blood samples were prepared by a high-temperature alkaline ashing method and analyzed for B by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry. On gd 20, blood B concentrations of 1.27 +/- 0.298 and 1.53 +/- 0.546 microg B/g were associated with the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) (10 and 13 mg B/kg/d, respectively) for developmental @entity137 . Developmental @entity137 persisted postnatally only at 25 mg B/kg/d, a dose associated with >10-fold increase in maternal blood B (2.82 +/- 0.987 vs. 0.229 +/- 0.143 microg B/g for controls). Maternal blood B concentrations were: 1. Significantly elevated in all BA-exposed groups. 2. Positively correlated with maternal BA intake. 3. Inversely correlated with fetal body weight at doses above the NOAEL.

title: Developmental effects of XXXX in @entity35 related to maternal blood @entity9725 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity7232 :: (MESH:C032688,Chemical) :: ['boric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine whether progressive medical conditions lead to greater use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as compared with more stable conditions, to see whether disease severity influences CAM use, and to identify the main motivations behind CAM use. METHODS: Subjects were selected from outpatient clinics at Hotel Dieu Hospital. Surveys were conducted by mail and telephone. Medical diagnosis and severity were obtained from medical files. Statistical tests included chi, Kruskal-Wallis, and correlations. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-four @entity1 were surveyed. The "progressive" group included 15 @entity1 with @entity1555 and 22 @entity1 with @entity1577 . The "nonprogressive" group included 85 @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ), 49 with @entity6 , and 23 with @entity3570 . Twenty-three percent were using CAM. @entity306 had the highest use; @entity6 had the lowest. Popular therapies included massage and dietary/herbal remedies. Progressiveness had no impact on CAM use. Within the @entity306 group, greater disease severity was associated with higher use (P < 0.001). The main reason for CAM use was to complement conventional medicine. CONCLUSIONS: Disease progressiveness had no impact on CAM use, but severity within the @entity306 group did. Complementing conventional medicine was the main motive. Understanding the reasons and patterns of use of CAM is beneficial in efforts to improve the care of @entity1 with chronic medical conditions.

title: The use of complementary and alternative medicine in XXXX with chronic medical conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Functional class is an important predictor of prognosis in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, it is often subjective and poorly reproducible. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify diagnostic markers of high functional class. METHODS: We prospectively studied 37 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 and ejection fraction<40%. The study protocol included clinical evaluation, echocardiography (M-mode, 2D, Doppler and tissue Doppler) and laboratory tests including copeptin, vasopressin and NT-proBNP. We compared @entity1 in NYHA class II with those in NYHA class>II. Overall mortality was assessed at 18 months. RESULTS: Mortality was higher in the more advanced symptomatic stages (p<0.05). @entity1 in NYHA class>II had higher @entity1011 , copeptin and NT-proBNP levels (p<0.05). E/E', E-septum distance, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and inferior vena cava (IVC) dimensions were also significantly greater (p<0.05). The biomarkers copeptin (area under the curve [AUC]=0.76, p<0.01) and NT-proBNP (AUC=0.81, p<0.01) and the echocardiographic parameters PASP (AUC=0.88, p<0.01) and IVC inspiratory diameter (AUC=0.91, p<0.01) showed the best performance for diagnosis of functional class>II. In multivariate regression analysis only PASP and serum @entity1011 were independent predictors of NYHA functional class>II. CONCLUSION: Copeptin and NT-proBNP have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of functional classes with prognostic impact and may be useful in defining a standardized functional classification. The structural and hemodynamic echocardiographic changes associated with NYHA class>II were left ventricular filling pressure, PASP and central venous pressure.

title: [Biomarkers of functional class in XXXX : the relevance of copeptin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: To study the influence of @entity1 ' education and cardiovascular risk factors on the probability of statin treatment. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of @entity1 in regional health surveys in Norway 2000-2002 with statin use recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database 2004-2006 as outcome measure. Information on history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity6 , lipid levels, blood pressure, use of cardiovascular drugs, body mass index, family history, smoking, physical activity, marital status and place of residence was obtained at baseline. A total of 20,212 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-41, 45-46 and 59-61 years who reported never use of statins were included. Educational level was retrieved from Statistics Norway. Adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Whereas 655 @entity1 reported a history of @entity65 or @entity6 , 19,557 reported no such history. In the non- @entity65 / @entity6 group 1,620 @entity1 (8%) became statin users and 222 @entity1 (34%) in the @entity65 / @entity6 group. RR of becoming a statin user for high vs. low education increased from 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55, 0.73] to 0.91 (95% CI 0.79, 1.05) after adjustment in the non- @entity65 / @entity6 group and from 0.94 (95% CI 0.70, 1.26) to 1.35 (95% CI 1.00, 1.81) in the @entity65 / @entity6 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with no history of @entity65 / @entity6 were prescribed statins according to cardiovascular risk independent of education. There was a tendency to a higher probability of statin treatment among highly educated compared with @entity1 of lower educational level in the group with a history of @entity65 or @entity6 , after adjustment for other @entity65 risk factors, particularly in @entity1 .

title: Statin treatment in a cohort of 20 212 XXXX and @entity1 in Norway according to cardiovascular risk factors and level of education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity6923 develops in approximately one-fourth of @entity1 in their childbearing years. Conventional management consists of antifungal creams or tablets/suppositories administered intravaginally. Many @entity1 have stated preferences for oral therapy. A randomized, double-blind placebo trial compared the efficacy of a single oral 200 mg dose of @entity2380 with the application of @entity41668 80 mg vaginal suppository daily for 3 days. Twenty-two @entity1 ( @entity2380 = 12, @entity41668 = 10) were evaluated during a four-month period and favorable clinical responses were observed at both early and late evaluations. Mycologic cure was attained by 75% of the @entity2380 group and 50% of the @entity41668 group at the early evaluation. At the late evaluation, mycologic cure was 75% and 100% respectively. The mean time to onset of symptom relief was 2.4 (1.7) days for the @entity2380 group and 1.8 (1.8) days for the @entity41668 group. The mean time to complete relief of symptoms was 6.08 (2.84) and 6.6 (2.95) days respectively. A statistically significant difference did not exist for any of these measures. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 preferred oral therapy.

title: Single dose oral XXXX vs intravaginal @entity41668 in treatment of @entity6923 . Comparison and pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41668 :: ('MESH:C037815', 'Chemical') :: ['terconazole']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: The suprachiasmatic nuclei contain a circadian clock whose activity can be recorded in vitro for several days. Photic information is conveyed to the nuclei primarily via a direct projection from the retina, the retinohypothalamic tract, utilizing an excitatory @entity535 neurotransmitter. Photic phase shifts may be mimicked by application of @entity2227 in vitro. A second, indirect pathway to the suprachiasmatic nuclei via the geniculohypothalamic tract utilizes @entity11095 Y as a transmitter. Phase shifts to @entity11095 Y in vitro are similar to those seen to non-photic stimuli in vivo. We have used the hypothalamic slice preparation to examine the interactions of photic and non-photic stimuli in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Coronal hypothalamic slices containing the suprachiasmatic nuclei were prepared from @entity329 and 3 min recordings of the firing rate of individual cells were performed throughout a 12 h period. Control slices receiving either no application or application of artificial cerebrospinal fluid to the suprachiasmatic nucleus showed a consistent daily peak in their rhythms. @entity2227 produces phase shifts of the circadian clock in the hamster hypothalamic slice preparation during the subjective night but not during the subjective day. These phase shifts were similar in timing and direction to the photic phase response curve in vivo confirming previous work with the @entity35 slice preparation. @entity11095 Y produces phase shifts of the circadian clock during the subjective day but not during the subjective night. The phase shifts are similar in timing and direction to the non-photic phase response curve in vivo, confirming previous in vitro work. We then examined the interaction of these neurochemicals with each other at various times during the circadian cycle. We found that both advances and delays to @entity2227 in the slice are blocked by application of @entity11095 Y. We also found that phase shifts to @entity11095 Y in the slice are blocked by application of @entity2227 . These results indicate that photic and non-photic associated neurochemicals can block each others phase shifting effects within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. These experiments demonstrate the ability of photic and non-photic associated neurochemicals to interact at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It is clear that @entity11095 Y antagonizes the effect of @entity2227 during the subjective night, and that @entity2227 antagonizes the effect of @entity10969 during the subjective day. Great care must be taken when devising treatments where photic and non-photic signals may interact.

title: XXXX and @entity2227 block each other's phase shifts in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Neuropeptide Y']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to delineate the clinical features, complications, visual prognosis, and associated systemic diseases of peripheral multifocal @entity6519 . DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective study. @entity1 : Of 828 @entity1 with @entity1596 , 53 @entity1 (6.4%) fulfilled all 3 of the following criteria: (1) the presence of multiple (>10), small, round, punched-out lesions in the peripheral retina; (2) the absence of central @entity75 ; and (3) an associated intraocular inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were elderly white females with bilateral ocular involvement. The presenting symptoms consisted of vitreitis and/or @entity5890 , @entity1829 , and numerous retinal punched-out lesions in the periphery. On initial examination, the complications included @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) (48%), @entity726 (25%), and @entity231 (19%), resulting in a mean visual acuity of 20/80. After more than 2 years of follow-up, @entity1103 was found in 72% and @entity231 in 62% of the affected eyes. @entity44483 never developed. The final mean visual acuity was 20/60; this was mainly dependent on the presence of @entity1103 (eyes with @entity1103 ; visual acuity was 20/80, eyes without @entity1103 ; visual acuity was 20/50). In 25% of @entity1 , an association with @entity370 was observed (histologic and radiologic diagnoses), and an additional 29% of @entity1 had elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS: Within the spectrum of multifocal @entity6519 , the authors have defined a distinct clinical entity of peripheral multifocal @entity6519 . The recognition of this clinical entity may be valuable because of its specific symptoms, prognosis, and association with @entity370 .

title: Peripheral multifocal XXXX : a distinct clinical entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity44483 :: ('MESH:C531662', 'Disease') :: ['Submacular neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema', 'CME']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity6519 :: (MESH:D002825,Disease) :: ['chorioretinitis']


abstract: @entity356 shows intratumoral heterogeneity for @entity1 @entity1722 expression. We evaluated whether the number of tissue blocks analyzed or the antibodies used may influence the immunohistochemical results in gastrectomy specimens. Clinicopathologic data from 148 @entity1 receiving gastric surgery for @entity5 were collected. One tissue block for each of 88 @entity5 and 60 paired @entity5 and @entity3 was examined for @entity1 @entity1722 status by immunohistochemistry using 3 different antibodies (HercepTest, CB11, and 4B5) and by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Two additional tissue blocks of the @entity5 were tested by immunohistochemistry if the results were negative on the first tissue block. The concordance among the 3 antibodies was 94.5% (testing 1 tissue block). Two cases showed a clinically significant discrepancy between @entity5 (score 0) and lymph nodes @entity3 (score 3+). Additional block analysis increased both the sensitivity (from 63% to 83%) and the accuracy (from 91% to 94%) of immunohistochemistry as compared with fluorescent in situ hybridization. The multiblock approach could potentially identify a greater number of @entity1 @entity1722 -positive @entity356 , particularly those with higher levels of intratumor heterogeneity. In turn, @entity1 @entity1722 positivity correlated with a worse prognosis (P=.011) and was an independent variable in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.57). In conclusion, testing more than 1 tissue block of @entity5 from specimens of gastric resection provides a more reliable @entity1 @entity1722 assessment regardless of the antibody used.

title: Approaching heterogeneity of XXXX @entity1722 in surgical specimens of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Camptocormia is characterised by extreme flexion of the thoracolumbar spine. It suffered an increase during walking and it is relieved in supine position. Camptocormia has been described in @entity74 , but in other diseases, including @entity191 as well. It has been recently described several cases with focal spinal @entity121 , and we present a @entity1 with this clinical association. CASE REPORT: This 82-year-old @entity1 had a 6-year history of @entity304 , mostly of @entity2003 . He was in stage 4 on Hoehn _ Yahr scale, and he had reached 62 points on Unified @entity191 Rating Scale. Over the past 6-8 months, he developed progressive forward flexion of the trunk with clinical features of @entity3518 . He suffered flogotic symptoms and signs on her lower back, and there were no dystonic posture or clinical features. Lumbar computerised tomography showed fat replacement of the paravertebral L3 muscles. A surgical paravertebral muscle examination and biopsy were performed, showing diffuse fat replacement and only a marginal @entity121 focus. It was made several therapeutic approaches, with levodopa dose increase, reduction, fractioning, and addition of dopa-agonists. All of these strategies failed. It was determined to try a @entity134 course, but there were no improvement, so physiotherapy and rehabilitation measures did. He finally was confined to wheelchair. CONCLUSIONS: Physiopathologic and therapeutic aspects of @entity3518 in @entity191 are unclear. Their relationship could be casual or causal. @entity1 with clear @entity5442 could benefit from @entity134 therapy, but @entity1 with end-stage @entity121 probably do not so.

title: [ @entity304 and Camptocormia with focal spinal XXXX : case report and responsiveness to treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid-akinetic type']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'Parkinson Disease']

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE Craniospinal irradiation damages the @entity62 in @entity1 treated for @entity2946 , but the treatment-intensity effects are unclear. In a cross-sectional retrospective study, the effects of treatment with the least intensive radiation protocol versus protocols that delivered more radiation to the brain, in addition to the effects of continuous radiation dose, on @entity62 architecture were evaluated. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity. First, regional @entity62 analyses and tract-based spatial statistics were conducted in 34 @entity2946 @entity1 and 38 healthy controls. @entity1 were stratified according to those treated with 1) the least intensive radiation protocol, specifically reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation plus a boost to the @entity5 bed only (n = 17), or 2) any other dose and boost combination that delivered more radiation to the brain, which was also termed the "all-other-treatments" group (n = 17), and comprised @entity1 treated with standard-dose craniospinal irradiation plus a posterior fossa boost, standard-dose craniospinal irradiation plus a @entity5 bed boost, or reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation plus a posterior fossa boost. Second, voxel-wise dose-distribution analyses were conducted on a separate cohort of @entity2946 @entity1 (n = 15). RESULTS The all-other-treatments group, but not the reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation plus @entity5 bed group, had lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity than controls in all brain regions (all p < 0.05). The reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation plus @entity5 bed boost group had higher fractional anisotropy (p = 0.05) and lower radial diffusivity (p = 0.04) in the temporal region, and higher fractional anisotropy in the frontal region (p = 0.04), than the all-other-treatments group. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that the dose and age at diagnosis together 1) better predicted fractional anisotropy in the temporal region than models with either alone (p < 0.005), but 2) did not better predict fractional anisotropy in comparison with dose alone in the occipital region (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Together, the results show that @entity62 has a clear association with increasing radiation dose, and that treatment with reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation plus @entity5 bed boost appears to preserve @entity62 in some brain regions.

title: Vulnerability of @entity62 to insult during childhood: evidence from XXXX treated for @entity2946 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter', 'white matter damage']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1988 in childhood usually presents after the age of 10 years, and presentation under 5 years is very rare. More males (F:M ratio 4.5:1) are affected than in adult-onset cases, but the ratio is the same in prepubertal and pubertal @entity1 . The incidence of clinically evident @entity8 is greater at onset than in adults (82%), the usual presentation being with @entity644 , 50% having a @entity1985 . Half the @entity1 show World Health Organisation class IV @entity1310 in renal biopsies. @entity12319 is present at onset in 30%, may complicate 50% at some point and remains a major problem. Prognosis has improved greatly over the past 30 years, at least in part the result of immunosuppressive treatment. Treatment of the initial phase may be guided by the severity of the renal biopsy appearances, more aggressive treatment including cytotoxic agents, i.v. @entity1667 and perhaps plasma exchange, although the value of exchange is not established. Controversy persists as to the most effective cytotoxic treatment in the acute phase, both oral and i.v. @entity786 and @entity500 being used in different units. In the chronic maintenance phase it seems established both clinically and histologically that addition of a cytotoxic agent improves outcome, but again the drug and route of administration are contentious. @entity500 has the advantage of being safe for pregnancy and not gonadotoxic, whilst i.v. @entity786 has been demonstrated to improve results over @entity617 alone in controlled trials and has advantages in non-compliant @entity1 . No trial comparing the two regimes has been carried out, and one is needed. Today @entity1 much less commonly go into @entity177 , and the main causes of @entity204 (15% of @entity1 over 10 years) are now @entity281 and extra-renal manifestations of @entity1252 , principally neurological. Morbidity of the disease and the treatment remain a major problem, especially when treatment exacerbates complications of the disease itself, such as @entity281 , @entity2530 , @entity715 , @entity455 and possibly @entity5 .

title: XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['actual death']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric lupus']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus nephritis']


abstract: In this paper the surgical treatment of @entity531 ( @entity531 ) is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation of 74 @entity1 treated for @entity455 of the @entity531 the @entity14385 and @entity2979 (27 @entity1 ), as well as @entity63 and/or the subclavian @entity438 (14 @entity1 ) and for neurological complications of the @entity531 (33 @entity1 ) was performed. In case of @entity49 the treatment consisted of thrombolytic therapy and decompressive procedures that included transaxillary first rib resection and other surgical procedures that @entity154 in the region of the thoracic outlet. In case of complications associated with compression of the subclavian artery the operation consisted of resection of the first rib and accessory osseous and muscular pathological elements using supraclavicular and/or infraclavicular approach with implantation of vascular bypass were performed. In the @entity16 of @entity531 the operation consisted of transaxillary first rib resection and other surgical procedures that @entity154 in the region of the thoracic outlet. The therapy results were estimated with use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. RESULTS: In case of venous complications the thrombolytic therapy was successful in all cases the restoration of complete patency was obtained. In all @entity1 first rib was resected via transaxillary approach. The DASH questionnaire revealed the full return of upper limb function in most of @entity1 . Improvement was obtained the in the cases with @entity2979 . In case of @entity63 the improvement of blood flow was obtained after the subclavian-brachial bypass implantation (5 @entity1 ). In this group the DASH score showed return to full activity. In case of subclavian @entity438 surgery (9 @entity1 ) the DASH scale revealed worsening of limb function in 4 @entity1 during the follow-up period. In the @entity16 of @entity531 the restoration of complete activity of limb was observed. The DASH scale revealed worsening of limb function in 4 @entity1 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal therapy of @entity455 is multimodal treatment (thrombolysis or reconstructive vascular procedure with decompressive surgery). The surgical treatment of @entity16 halts degradation of brachial splice. The decompression of neurovascular bundle in vascular @entity531 should include the first rib resection in each case.

title: [The surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['excise different anomalies']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological syndrome', 'neurological TOS']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) combined with bolus infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) or oral @entity416 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LARC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-seven @entity1 were treated with @entity1487 (350 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus) and @entity4181 (20 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus) for 5 days/week during week 1 and 5 of RT. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated with @entity416 (850 mg/m(2), twice daily for 5 days/week). Both groups received the same RT course (45-50.4 Gy/25 fractions, 5 days/week, for 5 weeks). @entity1 underwent surgery in 6 weeks after completion of the chemoradiotherapy. Data of the observational study were collected. RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 occurred in 40.7% ( @entity1487 ) and 19.1% ( @entity416 ) of the @entity1 (P   =   0.044). Six @entity1 in the @entity1487 group (22.2%) and six @entity1 in the @entity416 group (14%) achieved complete response. @entity5 (T) downstaging were achieved in 51.9% ( @entity1487 ) and 69.8% ( @entity416 ) of the @entity1 . The pathological ypT0-2 stage was 40.7% ( @entity1487 ) and 67.4% ( @entity416 ) (P   =   0.028). CONCLUSIONS: In consideration of the better ypT0-2 downstaging rate, less severe @entity137 , and no need for indwelling intravenous device on oral @entity416 regimen, the administration of oral @entity416 with RT may be a more favorable option in the neoadjuvant treatment for LARC.

title: A observational study of the efficacy and safety of @entity416 versus bolus infusional XXXX in pre-operative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']