abstract: The effects of step-down heating combined with low-dose-rate irradiation (brachytherapy) were studied using a @entity19 @entity420 (MTG-B) grown in the flanks of C3H @entity19 . Treatment was initiated when @entity5 reached 0.9 to 1.1 cm in diameter. Step-down heating consisted of 7.5 min at 45 degrees C immediately followed by 7.5 min at 42 degrees C. Step-up heating consisted of 7.5 min at 42 degrees C immediately followed by 7.5 min at 45 degrees C. Step-down heating and step-up heating were compared to a single 45 degrees C, 15-min @entity221 treatment. These @entity221 protocols were combined before, in the middle of, or after brachytherapy. There were 4 untreated controls, 6 sham controls, and 11 treated animals in each of the brachytherapy-alone and combined treatment groups. The entire experiment was repeated at brachytherapy doses of 988, 1273, and 1603 cGy. In addition, the effects of step-down heating, step-up heating, and single-temperature @entity221 were tested alone and in combination with sham treatment for each sequence. Based on daily measurements of @entity5 diameter, the growth delay to doubling volume was used as the biological end point. To compare the various treatment protocols, an isoeffect thermal enhancement ratio (TERiso) was calculated. Step-down heating after 988 cGy brachytherapy had a TERiso of 2.0 +/- 0.04, while step-up heating after 988 cGy brachytherapy had a TERiso of 1.7 +/- 0.05. Overall, the thermal enhancement ratios calculated from these growth delays indicate that step-down heating caused significantly greater hyperthermic radiosensitization than step-up heating when combined with brachytherapy.

title: Effect of step-down heating on brachytherapy in a @entity19 XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have indicated higher risk of @entity174 among coffee drinkers. To quantitatively assess the association between coffee consumption and the risk of @entity174 , we conducted this meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for prospective studies reporting the risk of @entity174 with coffee consumption. Quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa scale. We conducted a meta-analysis and a cumulative meta-analysis of relative risk (RR) for an increment of one cup of coffee per day, and explored the potential dose-response relationship. Sensitivity analysis was performed where statistical heterogeneity existed. RESULTS: We included 10 prospective studies covering 214,059 @entity1 and 9,597 cases. There was overall 3.5% higher fracture risk for an increment of one cup of coffee per day (RR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.019-1.052). Pooled RRs were 1.049 (95% CI: 1.022-1.077) for @entity1 and 0.910 (95% CI: 0.873-0.949) for @entity1 . Among @entity1 , RR was 1.055 (95% CI: 0.999-1.114) for younger @entity1 , and 1.047 (95% CI: 1.016-1.080) for older ones. Cumulative meta-analysis indicated that risk estimates reached a stabilization level (RR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.019-1.052), and it revealed a positive dose-response relationship between coffee consumption and risk of @entity174 either for @entity1 and @entity1 combined or @entity1 specifically. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests an overall harm of coffee intake in increasing the risk of @entity174 , especially for @entity1 . But current data are insufficient to reach a convincing conclusion and further research needs to be conducted.

title: Coffee consumption and risk of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The New York University (NYU) impactor and the Infinite Horizon (IH) impactor are used to create @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) models. However, the parameters of these two devices that yield equivalent @entity1566 severity remain unclear. PURPOSE: To identify equivalent parameters, @entity35 with SCIs induced by either device set at various parameters were subjected to behavioral and histological analyses. STUDY DESIGN: Animal laboratory study. METHODS: Groups of eight @entity35 acquired SCIs by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm or 50 mm by using the NYU device or by delivering a force of 150 kdyn, 175 kdyn, 200 kdyn, or 250 kdyn by using the IH impactor. All injured @entity35 were tested weekly for eight weeks by using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test and the ladder rung test. On the tenth week, the lesion volume of each group was measured by using a 9.4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the spinal cords were subjected to histological analysis using anterograde @entity7506 ( @entity7506 ) tracing and immunofluorescence staining with an anti-protein kinase C-gamma (PKC-y) antibody. RESULTS: BBB test scores between the 25mm and 200kdyn groups as well as the 50mm and 250kdyn groups were very similar. Although it was not statistically significant, the mean scores of the ladder rung test in the 200kdyn group were higher than the 25mm group at all assessment time points. There was a significantly different cavity volume only between the 50mm and 200kdyn groups. Midline sagittal images of the spinal cord on the MRI revealed that the 25mm group predominantly had dorsal injuries, whereas the 200kdyn group had @entity130 . Anterograde tracing with @entity7506 showed that in the 200kdyn group, the dorsal corticospinal tract of the caudal area of the lesion was labeled. Similar labeling was not observed in the 25mm group. Immunofluorescence staining of PKC-y also revealed strong staining of the dorsal corticospinal tract in the 200kdyn group but not in the 25mm group. CONCLUSIONS: The 25 mm injuries generated by the NYU impactor are generally equivalent to the 200 kdyn injuries generated by using the IH impactor. However, differences in the ladder rung test scores, MRI images, @entity7506 traces, and PKC-y staining demonstrate that the two devices exert qualitatively different impacts on the spinal cord.

title: Analysis of equivalent parameters of two XXXX devices: the new york university impactor versus the infinite horizon impactor.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deeper injuries']

entities_list: @entity7506 :: ('MESH:C076397', 'Chemical') :: ['BDA', 'biotinylated dextran amine']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Exposure to severe stress leads to development of @entity146 , including @entity308 and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in at-risk individuals. @entity10969 (NPY) is associated with resilience or improved recovery. Therefore exogenous administration to the brain has therapeutic potential although peripheral administration can trigger undesirable side effects. Here, we established conditions with intranasal (IN) NPY infusion to @entity35 to obtain CSF concentrations in the proposed anxiolytic range without significant change in plasma NPY. @entity35 were pretreated with IN NPY or vehicle before exposure to @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) animal model of @entity1005 and compared to untreated controls. The IN NPY appeared to lessen the perceived severity of stress, as these animals displayed less time immobile in forced swim part of the @entity1162 . Thirty minutes after @entity1162 the elevation of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and @entity2819 was not as pronounced in NPY-infused @entity35 and the induction of @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) in locus coeruleus (LC) was attenuated. Seven days after @entity1162 , they displayed lower @entity308 -like behavior on Forced Swim Test and reduced @entity148 -like behavior on Elevated Plus Maze. The prolonged effect of @entity1162 on Acoustic Startle Response was also lower in NPY-infused @entity35 . Plasma ACTH, @entity2819 , and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor levels were significantly above controls only in the vehicle - but not IN NPY-treated group 1week after @entity1162 . Baseline TH mRNA levels in LC did not differ among groups, but increased with forced swim in the vehicle - but not NPY-pretreated animals. Administration of IN NPY after exposure to @entity1162 led to similar, but not identical, reduction in development of @entity148 , @entity308 -like behavior and hyperarousal. The results show that single IN NPY can alter stress-triggered dysregulation of the @entity2339 and activation of central noradrenergic activity. These findings provide proof of concept for potential of IN NPY for non-invasive prophylactic treatment or early intervention in response to traumatic stress.

title: Single intranasal @entity10969 infusion attenuates development of @entity1005 -like symptoms to traumatic stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['single prolonged stress', 'SPS']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Insulin increases ( @entity141 + @entity1025 )-ATPase activity in cell membranes of normal @entity35 but fails to do so in membranes of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity35 . The loss of regulatory effect of the hormone on the enzyme might contribute to the insulin resistance observed in the @entity2175 animals. To further test this hypothesis, the effects of insulin treatment and acute food restriction on the ability of insulin to regulate the ATPase activity in kidney basolateral membranes (BLM) of @entity2175 @entity35 were studied. Although insulin levels in @entity2175 and control @entity35 were similar, plasma @entity413 was higher in the @entity2175 @entity35 (18.3 +/- 1.5 v 19.3 +/- 1.7 microU/mL and 236 +/- 32 v 145 +/- 3 mg/dL, respectively). Insulin treatment (2 U/100 g), which increased plasma insulin in the @entity2175 @entity35 (47.8 +/- 11.5 microU/mL; P less than .05), did not decrease their @entity413 (221 +/- 25 mg/dL). Higher insulin dose (4 U/100 g) decreased @entity413 level in the @entity2175 @entity35 (73 +/- 3 mg/dL; P less than .001) but increased their plasma insulin 10-fold (202.5 +/- 52.5 microU/mL). Acute food restriction decreased @entity413 levels in the @entity2175 @entity35 to levels seen in controls (135 +/- 3 mg/dL), while their insulin decreased by half (8.5 +/- 1.0 microU/mL; P less than .05). Basal ( @entity141 + @entity1025 )-ATPase activity in BLM of all @entity6 @entity35 was higher than in controls (P less than .05). None of the treatments reversed this defect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of food restriction and insulin treatment on ( @entity141 + @entity1025 )-ATPase response to insulin in kidney basolateral membranes of noninsulin-dependent XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDD', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity421 frequently have elevated immune complex levels, which are correlated with disease activity and @entity5 volume. During treatment with high-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) some @entity1 develop specific immune complexes containing @entity1500 . These @entity1 suffered from anaphylactic reactions. To study the influence of @entity1500 on immune complex formation we looked for @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitable and @entity30023 -binding immune complexes in the sera of 10 @entity1 with @entity421 during treatment according to the COSS 80 protocol. Sera were obtained before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after @entity1500 -infusion. Furthermore we analysed changes of the complement system in the same way. The minority of the @entity1 developed @entity970 -precipitable immune complexes. @entity30023 -binding IgG complexes were observed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. High levels of immune complexes at the end of chemotherapy were correlated with a poorer prognosis. There was no relationship between @entity1500 -infusion and immune complex formation. No significant changes of the complement system during @entity1500 -infusion were found. The complement analysis were of no prognostic value concerning the @entity421 .

title: [Immune complex formation and complement changes in XXXX @entity1 treated with high-dose @entity1499 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most methods for constructing aneuploid @entity375 strains that have gained a specific chromosome rely on spontaneous failures of cell division fidelity. In @entity375 , extra chromosomes can be obtained when errors in @entity4523 or mitosis lead to nondisjunction, or when nuclear breakdown occurs in heterokaryons. We describe a strategy for constructing N+1 disomes that does not require such spontaneous failures. The method combines two well-characterized genetic tools: a conditional centromere that transiently blocks disjunction of one specific chromosome, and a duplication marker assay that identifies disomes among daughter cells. To test the strategy, we targeted chromosomes III, IV, and VI for duplication. RESULTS: The centromere of each chromosome was replaced by a centromere that can be blocked by growth in @entity3649 , and ura3:: @entity14414 , a duplication marker. Transient exposure to @entity3649 induced the appearance of colonies carrying duplicated markers for chromosomes III or IV, but not VI. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) confirmed that disomic strains carrying extra chromosome III or IV were generated. Chromosome VI contains several genes that are known to be deleterious when overexpressed, including the beta-tubulin gene @entity27199 . To test whether a tubulin stoichiometry imbalance is necessary for the apparent lethality caused by an extra chromosome VI, we supplied the parent strain with extra copies of the alpha-tubulin gene @entity27200 , then induced nondisjunction. @entity3649 -dependent chromosome VI disomes were produced, as revealed by CGH. Some chromosome VI disomes also carried extra, unselected copies of additional chromosomes. CONCLUSION: This method causes efficient nondisjunction of a targeted chromosome and allows resulting disomic cells to be identified and maintained. We used the method to test the role of tubulin imbalance in the apparent lethality of disomic chromosome VI. Our results indicate that a tubulin imbalance is necessary for disomic VI lethality, but it may not be the only dosage-dependent effect.

title: A strategy for constructing aneuploid XXXX strains by transient nondisjunction of a target chromosome.

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['Galactose', 'galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity580 ( @entity580 ) increase morbidity and mortality. Studies of their prevalence in single institutions can reveal trends over time and help to identify risk factors. METHODS: In March and April 2010, data were prospectively recorded from all inpatients at the Hannover Medical School (Germany) except those treated in the pediatric, psychosomatic, and @entity146 services. The data were acquired systematically by chart review and by interviews with the medical staff. Infections were classified according to the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Information was obtained on underlying diseases, invasive procedures, the use of antibiotics, devices (the application of specific medical techniques such as drainage, vascular catheters, etc.), and detected pathogens. RESULTS: Of the 1047 @entity1 studied, 117 (11.2%) had a total of 124 @entity580 , while 112 (10.7%) had 122 @entity5046 . The most common @entity580 were surgical site @entity281 (29%), @entity281 of the gastrointestinal tract (26%) and respiratory tract (19%), @entity293 (16%), and primary @entity295 (4%). The most common pathogens were @entity526 , coagulase-negative staphylococci, Candida spp., Enterococcus spp., and @entity796 . Multivariable regression analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for @entity580 : antibiotic treatment in the last 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9), underlying @entity344 (OR = 2.3), surgery in the last 12 months (OR = 1.8), and more than two underlying diseases (OR = 1.7). Each additional device that was used gave rise to an OR of 1.4. Further risk factors included age, length of current or previous hospital stay, @entity130 , stay on an intensive care unit, and artificial ventilation. CONCLUSION: In this prevalence study, @entity580 were a common complication. Surgical site @entity281 were the single most common type of @entity580 because of the large number of @entity1 that underwent surgical procedures in our institution. More investigation will be needed to assess the benefit of prevalence studies for optimizing appropriate, effective preventive measures.

title: The prevalence of nosocomial and community acquired XXXX in a university hospital: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'Nosocomial infections', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) is critical for physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Within the @entity5 microenvironment, @entity1611 functions as an endothelial cell survival factor, permeability factor, mitogen, and chemotactic agent. The majority of these functions are mediated by @entity1611 -induced activation of @entity11132 ( @entity11132 ), a high affinity receptor @entity669 kinase expressed by endothelial cells and other cell types in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity1611 can also ligate other cell surface receptors including @entity9842 and @entity26429 . However, the importance of @entity1611 -induced activation of these receptors in tumorigenesis is still unclear. We report the development and characterization of r84, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds @entity1 and @entity19 @entity1611 and selectively blocks @entity1611 from interacting with @entity11132 but does not interfere with @entity1611 : @entity9842 interaction. Selective blockade of @entity1611 binding to @entity11132 by r84 is shown through ELISA, receptor binding assays, receptor activation assays, and cell-based functional assays. Furthermore, we show that r84 has potent anti- @entity5 activity and does not alter tissue histology or blood and urine chemistry after chronic high dose therapy in @entity19 . In addition, chronic r84 therapy does not induce elevated blood pressure levels in some models. The ability of r84 to specifically block @entity1611 : @entity11132 binding provides a valuable tool for the characterization of @entity1611 receptor pathway activation during @entity5 progression and highlights the utility and safety of selective blockade of @entity1611 -induced @entity11132 signaling in @entity5 .

title: r84, a novel therapeutic antibody against @entity19 and @entity1 VEGF with potent anti- XXXX activity and limited toxicity induction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The antibiotic und antitumoral effect of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), a derivative of Streptomyces caespitosus, has been known since 1956. Besides its use as an adjunction in the treatment of @entity0 , or as a second-line cytostatic drug for @entity213 ( @entity213 ), since 1963, @entity1139 has also been successfully used in the suppression of post-operative scar formation, particularly in the field of ophthalmology. This is due to its modulation of fibroblast activity, which enables decreased scarring and @entity82 . In this r  sum  , we wish to recapitulate our long years of experience in the topical application of @entity1138 in the treatment of scar formation and @entity850 in head and neck organs. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis on the basis of clinical disease courses and findings (image documentation, questionnaires, pulmonary function tests) covering an examination period of 10 years, was performed on 40 @entity1 with stenosising lesions and a mean age of 54 years. The fields of application included laryngeal, tracheal, @entity850 and @entity850 of the external ear canal and the choane. RESULTS: After combined application of @entity1139 and surgical intervention in cases of recurrent stenosising processes in head and neck organs, especially the larynx and the @entity825 , a sustained improvement was achieved in the pre-operative @entity850 level as well as in the pre-operative, severely limited, forced inspiratory volume in 1 second (F1V1). CONCLUSION: The topical application of @entity1139 appears to be an effective adjunction as a concept of treatment for stenosising, scar-forming lesions. This topical application, however, is not a substitute for correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment. It must be regarded as a purely adjunctive manoeuvre. During the 10 years in which it was used, the clinical findings confirmed an enhancement in the containment of complex cases without the occurrence of any complications.

title: [The topical application of XXXX in the treatment of scar formation and @entity850 in hollow organs of the head and neck: a field report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, lung and prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Over the past 3 decades, antimicrobial resistance among @entity328 , the most common cause of @entity497 ( @entity497 ), has escalated dramatically worldwide. In the late 1970s, strains of pneumococci displaying resistance to @entity114 were described in South Africa and Spain. By the early 1990s, @entity114 -resistant clones of @entity2260 spread rapidly across Europe and globally. Additionally, resistance to @entity7187 and other antibiotic classes escalated in tandem with @entity114 resistance. Six international clones (serotypes 6A, 6B, 9V, 14, 19F, 23F) were responsible for most of these resistant isolates. Currently, 15 to 30% of @entity2260 worldwide are multidrug-resistant (MDR) (i.e., resistant to > or = 3 classes of antibiotics). Despite the dramatic escalation in the rate of antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci worldwide, the clinical impact of antimicrobial resistance is difficult to define. Treatment failures due to antibiotic-resistant pneumococci have been reported with @entity693 , @entity2172 , and lower @entity1729 , but the relation between drug resistance and treatment failures has not been convincingly established. Clinical failures often reflect factors independent of antimicrobial susceptibility of the infecting organisms. Host factors (e.g., extremes of age; underlying immunosuppressive or debilitating disease; comorbidities), or factors that affect intrinsic virulence of the organisms (e.g., capsular subtype) strongly influence prognosis. Mortality rates are higher in the presence of: multilobar involvement, @entity177 , need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, @entity519 , severe derangement in physiological parameters, and comorbidities. Given these confounding factors, dissecting out the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes is difficult, if not impossible. Prospective, randomized trials designed to assess the clinical significance of antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci are lacking, and for logistical reasons, will never be done. Does in vitro resistance translate into clinical failures? Should changing resistance patterns modify our choice of therapy for @entity497 or for suspected @entity2258 ? In this review, we discuss several facets, including mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance among specific antibiotic classes, epidemiology and spread of antimicrobial resistance determinants regionally and worldwide, risk factors for acquisition and dissemination of resistance, the impact of key international clones displaying multidrug resistance, the clinical impact of antimicrobial resistance, and strategies to limit or curtail antimicrobial resistance among this key respiratory tract pathogen.

title: XXXX pneumoniae: does antimicrobial resistance matter?

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: This study was to investigate the reconstitution of NK cells and their receptors after unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation (UCBT) and its clinical importance. 11 cases of @entity3052 underwent UCBT were enrolled in this study. The reconstitution of NK cells and their surface receptors as well as the the recovery of T and B cells within 90 days after clinical engraftment following UCBT were measured and analysed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the recovery of NK cells appears to be relatively early. CD3(-)56(+) NK cell count was (35.12 +/- 18.66)% of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes on the day of clinical engraftment and higher than that in normal. The peak of the NK cells reached to (37.8 +/- 17.52)% of lymphocyte at 30 days after clinical engraftment. NK count was (30.4 +/- 19.14)% at 60 days after clinical engraftment when the absolute NK cell count reached to the peak (up to 544 cells/microl) in PB. The activated receptor @entity3223 was reconstituted fast and high expressed [(79.58 +/- 8.71)%] at the time of clinical engraftment with a tendency of gradual elevation, which reached to peak value (82.55 +/- 9.10)% at day 60. Another activated receptor @entity3222 also reconstituted fast, and maintained at a high level even at 90 days after clinical engraftment. The expression of @entity9707 was lower than that of the activated receptor of NK cells, which tendency lasted for at least 90 days after clinical engraftment. The reconstitution of T cells in PB after UCBT was relatively slow with lower expression rate. It is concluded that the reconstitution of NK cells in @entity1 with @entity3052 is earlier following UCBT. The earlier recovery of activated receptor of NK cells, especially @entity3223 , suggests that the activation of NK cells may play a role in graft versus @entity1778 (GVL) effect in the early period after UCBT.

title: [Reconstitution of NK cells and their receptors in @entity1 with XXXX following unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Despite an enormous increase in our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the encoding of information in the brain, a central question concerning the precise molecular steps as well as the activity of specific neurons in multi-functional nuclei of brain areas such as the hypothalamus remain. This problem includes identification of the molecular components involved in the regulation of various neurohormone signal transduction cascades. Elevations of intracellular @entity141 play an important role in regulating the sensitivity of neurons, both at the level of signal transduction and at synaptic sites. New tools have emerged to help identify neurons in the myriad of brain neurons by expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a particular promoter. To monitor both spatially and temporally stimulus-induced @entity141 responses in GFP-tagged neurons, a non-green fluorescent @entity141 indicator dye needs to be used. In addition, confocal microscopy is a favorite method of imaging individual neurons in tissue slices due to its ability to visualize neurons in distinct planes of depth within the tissue and to limit out-of-focus fluorescence. The ratiometric @entity141 indicator @entity593 has been used in combination with GFP-tagged neurons. However, the dye is excited by ultraviolet (UV) light. The cost of the laser and the limited optical penetration depth of UV light hindered its use in many laboratories. Moreover, GFP fluorescence may interfere with the @entity593 signals. Therefore, we decided to use a red fluorescent @entity141 indicator dye. The huge Stokes [corrected] shift of fura-red permits multicolor analysis of the red fluorescence in combination with GFP using a single excitation wavelength. We had previously good results using fura-red in combination with GFP-tagged olfactory neurons. The protocols for olfactory tissue slices seemed to work equally well in hypothalamic neurons. Fura-red based @entity141 imaging was also successfully combined with GFP-tagged pancreatic b-cells and GFP-tagged receptors expressed in HEK cells. A little quirk of fura-red is that its fluorescence intensity at 650 nm decreases once the indicator binds @entity460 . Therefore, the fluorescence of resting neurons with low @entity141 concentration has relatively high intensity. It should be noted, that other red @entity141 -indicator dyes exist or are currently being developed, that might give better or improved results in different neurons and brain areas.

title: Imaging XXXX responses in GFP-tagged neurons of hypothalamic mouse brain slices.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, biochemical and sonographic changes in @entity1 with @entity9231 and @entity1087 . STUDY DESIGN: A case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was conducted at Medical Unit-I (Ward 5), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 2006 to November 2007. METHODOLOGY: A total of 62 adult @entity1 , regardless of age and gender, with peripheral blood film evidence of @entity9231 , who had @entity1087 , were included. Any @entity1 with evidence of infection with @entity3965 or other causes of @entity409 (e.g. @entity99 , @entity82 , @entity101 , @entity9111 , unexplained @entity382 , @entity843 , history of @entity988 , taking hepatotoxic drugs, past @entity1087 ) was excluded on the basis of history, relevant clinical examination and investigations. RESULTS: Age of the @entity1 ranged from 13-48 years (mean 26.04+/-8.33). All @entity1 were febrile and icteric, with pallor in 67.7%, @entity382 in 30.6%, @entity381 in 70.9% and @entity1662 in 20%. Serum @entity648 levels ranged from 3 to 24 mg%. Thirty two (51.6%) had serum @entity648 3-6 mg%, 20 (32.2%) had 6-10 mg% and 10 (16.1%) had >10 mg%. ALT levels ranged from 20-870 IU/L and @entity6571 levels 24-1210 IU/L respectively. INR ranged from 1-1.3. Twenty eight @entity1 (45%) had predominantly conjugated or mixed @entity3638 and serum transaminases were more than three times normal. Ultrasonography revealed @entity382 with decreased echogenicity in 22 (35.4%), @entity381 in 48 (77.4%) and both @entity382 and @entity381 in 16 (25.8%). Gallbladder wall thickness was increased in 5 (8.06%) @entity1 . There was no evidence of @entity384 . CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of @entity1 having @entity9231 with @entity1087 fulfill the criteria for malarial hepatopathy. It should be considered in @entity1 presenting with @entity221 with @entity1087 so that specific treatment can be given.

title: Malarial hepatopathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'history of jaundice']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['acute febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is recognized that there is a strong association between @entity1494 . We determined the association of @entity1142 and/or @entity2464 with specific lower urinary tract conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed our database of @entity1 with lower urinary tract dysfunction and divided cases into 3 categories of @entity29 ( @entity1142 , @entity2464 and @entity1142 ) and 4 lower urinary tract conditions ( @entity409 , @entity2182 , detrusor underutilization disorder and primary @entity1494 ). Associations between @entity29 types and each lower urinary tract condition were determined. RESULTS: Of 163 males and 205 females with a mean age of 8.5 years @entity1142 was the most common @entity29 (27%). Although @entity2464 is generally thought to reflect underlying @entity1142 , only half of @entity1 with @entity2464 in this series had @entity1142 . Dysfunctional voiding was associated with the highest incidence of @entity29 . All but 1 @entity1 with @entity2464 had associated urgency and detrusor @entity2182 , and the @entity2464 resolved in 75% of @entity1 after initiation of anticholinergic therapy. Constipation was significantly more common in @entity1 (27%) than in @entity1 (11%, p <0.01), while @entity2464 was more common in @entity1 (9%) than in @entity1 (3%, p = 0.02), likely reflecting the higher incidence of @entity409 in @entity1 and @entity2182 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Active @entity29 was seen in half of the @entity1 with a lower urinary tract condition. Constipation was more common in @entity1 with @entity409 , while @entity2464 was significantly increased in those with @entity2182 and in those with @entity409 , severe urgency and detrusor @entity2182 . Anticholinergics, despite their constipating effect, given for treatment of detrusor @entity2182 resolved @entity2464 in most @entity1 with this @entity29 .

title: Dysfunctional elimination syndromes--how closely linked are XXXX and @entity2464 with specific lower urinary tract conditions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and bowel dysfunction', 'bladder neck dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2464 :: ('MESH:D004688', 'Disease') :: ['encopresis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunctional voiding']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic detrusor overactivity disorder', 'overactivity']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation plus encopresis', 'constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Seventy institutionalized severely and @entity1032 @entity1 were administered intramuscular @entity12691 , 1.0 to 4.0 mg, for premedication prior to dental procedures. These @entity1 had been refractory to previous combined chloral @entity19695 and @entity3933 treatment. Clinical efficacy was categorized according to the extent that adjunctive restraints were required to accomplish the dental procedure. A total of 151 @entity12691 trials were recorded. @entity12691 was observed to be clinically effective in 74.8% of the administrations and sedation was observed in 28.2% of the trials. Dosage titration increased efficacy to 85.0%. Contribution of concurrent central nervous system depressant medication to clinical efficacy and dose requirements lacked statistical significance; however, a strong trend (p = 0.068) was found in the medication-free group with higher dosage. Vomiting (2.6%) was the most frequent adverse effect observed. One @entity1 had marked @entity308 that was promptly reversed by intravenous @entity1510 . Two @entity1 experienced mild @entity551 episodes immediately following injection, but they recovered uneventfully. @entity12691 was shown to be a safe and effective agent for dental premedication in this difficult @entity1 population.

title: @entity12691 as a dental premedication in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['profoundly retarded']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'Butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: @entity1 erythrocyte phosphofructokinase has been subjected to active band centrifugation and stability measurements over a broad range of conditions. The enzyme behaves differently in-Tris buffer containing @entity855 and @entity1391 buffer containing @entity16117 . In the first buffer, dissociation is favoured and after prolonged storage of the enzyme tetramers represent the highest state of association. At 4 degrees C the enzyme exhibits the phenomenon of reversible cold-inactivation. This property is attributed to slow dissociation of the active associated states of the enzyme to dimers. The cold-inactivated enzyme can be reactivated by @entity4567 . Inorganic @entity1391 and @entity16117 have been found to protect the enzyme from cold-inactivation. Under these conditions, the sedimentation coefficient and the specific activity depend on the enzyme concentration only. The specific activity does not change on storage of the diluted enzyme at 4 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, however, a slow activation proceeds during incubation of the diluted enzyme. The correlations between the association state and the enzymic activity are discussed.

title: Relationships between association state and enzymic activity of XXXX erythrocyte phosphofructokinase.

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 1,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The lack of an alternative to antimuscarinics has led to the search for new drug targets for @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) symptoms. The presence of @entity21899 adrenoreceptors in the bladder has been confirmed, and they are known to have a role in bladder relaxation. Targeting these receptors improves bladder compliance on filling and increases bladder capacity. MEDLINE literature search on efficacy and safety of mirabegron was performed. The US Food and Drug Administration Web site, clinicaltrials.gov, and controlled-trials.com online trial registries were searched for English-language articles containing the term "mirabegron". Finally, abstracts from recent International scientific meetings were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Studies show that mirabegron reduces the number of micturitions and @entity322 episodes in a 24-h period compared with placebo. @entity2133 and @entity344 are the most common side effects, but these have been rated as mild to moderate. A small rise in mean heart rate and blood pressure has been shown. Further investigations are ongoing and results are awaited. Although mirabegron is metabolised by @entity5320 , it is also thought to inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Therefore, potential drug interactions with other @entity5320 substrates need to be further studied. @entity9923 is a promising alternative to antimuscarinics. Further information on its long-term use in terms of efficacy, safety, and tolerability is awaited.

title: Use of mirabegron in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9923 :: ('MESH:C520025', 'Chemical') :: ['Mirabegron']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the treatment of small @entity320 with transpupillary thermotherapy. METHODS: We examined a nonrandomized and uncontrolled series of 14 eyes of 14 @entity1 who were followed up with serial ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, and photography. Transpupillary thermotherapy was performed upon documented evidence of @entity5 growth. RESULTS: After transpupillary thermotherapy, mean follow-up +/- SD was 16 +/- 6.41 months (range, 7 to 28 months) with 10 eyes followed up for at least 1 year. The mean preoperative @entity5 height was 1.79 +/- 0.59 mm (range, 0.78 to 2.60 mm). Six months after treatment, the mean height was 0.54 mm +/- 0.57 mm (range, 0.00 to 1.16 mm). In 10 eyes, the treated lesion flattened entirely with a mean interval between treatment and flattening of 8.7 months (range, 3 to 21 months). Three @entity1 required retreatment for lack of regression or recurrent growth. The average time to retreatment was 11 months (range, 5 to 15 months). No eye was retreated more than once. There were three @entity75 , all treated in a single session without recurrence. Complications consisted of @entity5861 , @entity732 , retinal traction, exudative serous @entity1713 , vitreitis, and @entity282 . The sole treatment failure occurred in an eye treated with a @entity5 , with recurrence developing from a previously flattened lesion. This eye was enucleated 10 months after the single initial treatment. At the time of writing, there had been no @entity5 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Transpupillary thermotherapy may represent a viable treatment alternative for both pigmented and amelanotic small @entity320 . Diligent follow-up is axiomatic because retreatment may be necessary. Recurrent @entity5 may develop from flat lesions. @entity5 may be at higher risk for recurrence. Definitive statements regarding the role of transpupillary thermotherapy in the management of small @entity320 await 5-year and 10-year morbidity and mortality data.

title: Transpupillary thermotherapy for small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'juxtapapillary tumor', 'Juxtapapillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory detachment']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: Phagocytes from @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) @entity1 are deficient in their ability to generate @entity224 because of a defective gene that encodes a heavy chain of @entity13508 , a critical component in the @entity224 -generating pathway. Previously we have shown that a single in vivo treatment of selected @entity1117 @entity1 with @entity379 ( @entity379 ) resulted 14 days later in near-normal levels of @entity224 generation by phagocytes. The effect persisted for 28 days. This prolonged effect suggested that the lymphokine affected progenitor cells. In this study, we examined progenitor-derived colonies from the peripheral blood from this unusual @entity1117 kindred. Progenitor-derived colonies examined before treatment were unable to generate @entity224 as visualized by lack of @entity2387 (NBT) reduction compared with normal controls. By contrast, colonies derived 7 days after a single @entity379 injection were able to generate @entity224 as shown by increased @entity10000 reduction. Colonies harvested 21 days after treatment contained only rare cells capable of NBT reduction. Our results indicate that @entity379 can reprogram the myeloid progenitor cells to express a partially corrected phenotype. This corrected phenotype is later expressed in daughter cells.

title: Restoration of phagocyte function by @entity379 in XXXX occurs at the level of a progenitor cell.

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitro blue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'INF-gamma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked chronic granulomatous disease', 'X-CGD']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['X-linked chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of @entity1904 (PCT) in the diagnosis of acute @entity2885 (APN) in @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of @entity1 aged under 3 years who were diagnosed with primary @entity293 ( @entity293 ) from September 2011 to February 2012. These @entity1 were divided into those with @entity293 ( @entity293 ) (APN) and those with lower @entity293 (LUTI) (non-APN) based on @entity29582 ( @entity9409 ) renal scan results as a gold standard. The @entity293 and LUTI groups were compared in terms of serum levels of PCT and @entity1851 (CRP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic values of serum PCT and CRP. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity293 , including 39 cases of APN and 26 cases of LUTI, were included in this study. The APN cases had significantly higher serum levels of PCT (3.08 ng/mL vs 0.37 ng/Ml; P<0.01) and CRP (6.25 mg/L vs 3.01 mg/L; P<0.01) than the LUTI cases. The sensitivity and specificity of serum PCT level for APN were 84.6% and 88.5%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.873 (95%CI=0.781-0.965) and an optimal threshold point of 1.03 ng/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of serum CRP level for APN were 71.8% and 69.2%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.735 (95%CI=0.612-0.858) and an optimal threshold point of 3.91 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of its high sensitivity and specificity for the disease, serum PCT can be used as a marker in the early diagnosis of APN in @entity1 .

title: [Role of @entity1904 in the diagnosis of acute @entity2885 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity29582 :: ('MESH:D019783', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'upper UTI', 'UUTI', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A group of 43 @entity1 (pts) from a larger group 451 pts with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) confirmed by coronary angiography were recatheterized because of @entity16 . After the first angiography @entity1 had no indications to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or gave no consent to surgery. The group comprised 3 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 aged 27 to 62 years (mean age 45 +/- 8 years). The mean interval between coronarography was 35 +/- 22 months. Four independent reviewers evaluated 15 segments of coronary arteries according to American Heart Association. The coronary lesions were scored on the basis of reduction in luminal diameter as follows: 0 point = 0-29%, 1 = 30-49%, 2 = 50-69%, 3 = 70-98%, 4 = 90-99%, 5 = 100% occlusion. The influence of the following risk factors on the progression was evaluated: age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , lipid disturbances, smoking, hyperuricaemia, family history. The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: group I--no or slight progression (0 to 4 points) in two successive coronary angiographies, group II--moderate progression (5 to 9 points) and group II--significant progression (10 points or more). The number of @entity1 in these groups was 14, 12 and 17 respectively. In such isolated groups, the clinical events were compared: unstable @entity951 , @entity583 , need for CABG, @entity204 within follow-up period. The ejection fraction of the left ventricle was also evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was conducted by multiple regression model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effect of coronary disease risk factors on the progression of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']


abstract: Numerous studies have evaluated @entity1082 ) DNA load in @entity1 , especially @entity1799 viral load, and its role in cervical carcinogenicity. Few studies have examined HPV viral load in @entity1 , none among asymptomatic @entity1 . The aim of the current study is to quantify @entity1799 viral load in male anogenital specimens and to explore its correlates with anatomic sites. Two-hundred and ninety-four specimens from 42 @entity1 who tested positive for @entity1799 at one or more anatomic sites were evaluated. HPV DNA was detected with PGMY 09/11 primer and genotyped with reverse line blot assay followed by @entity1799 viral quantification using type-specific real-time PCR assay (TaqMan). The quantitative PCR assay showed a higher sensitivity in @entity1799 viral DNA detection compared with the reverse line blot assay. Viral load varied significantly by anatomic site (P = 0.019). Penile shaft specimens had significantly higher viral load than any other anatomic site evaluated except for the anal canal. @entity1799 viral load was positively correlated between proximal anatomic sites: perianal and anal canal (P = 0.003), perianal and scrotum (P = 0.011), scrotum and glans/corona (P = 0.045), and scrotum and penile shaft (P = 0.037). In conclusion, the penile shaft seemed to be the preferred site for @entity1799 viral replication. Viral load correlation between proximal sites suggested a possible autoinoculation in male HPV transmission.

title: Correlates of XXXX viral load with infection site in asymptomatic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: To explore the evolution of higher order behavioral traits we investigated the organization of foraging patterns in first instar larvae of natural populations of @entity238 . We examined @entity12137 (cosmopolitan); D. mauritania (widespread); D. pavani, and D. gaucha (endemic). Larvae of these four species share the same behavior components that comprise foraging (locomotion, feeding, bending, and turning). @entity12137 and D. mauritania larvae show uncoupled foraging patterns organized into partially independent behavioral elements. Larvae of D. pavani and D. gaucha exhibit coupled foraging behaviors based on a dependency between behavioral components. Hybrid larvae obtained from crosses of natural populations of @entity12137 and D. mauritania show an organization of foraging patterns similar to that of the parental lines. In contrast, hybridization disrupts the organization of foraging patterns in D. pavani and D. gaucha intra- and inter-specific hybrid larvae. This suggests genetic co-adaptation for linkage between the behavioral components that comprise foraging. The organization of larval foraging patterns of the endemic species D. pavani seems readily affected by hybridization. The absence of linkage between behavioral components, as in the case of larval foraging patterns of @entity12137 and D. mauritania could lead to an increase in the variability of organization of this higher order behavior. The possibility that larvae may use a variable and flexible behavioral integration of foraging patterns could contribute to their development and feeding in a diversity of substrates and climates.

title: Organization of foraging behavior in larvae of cosmopolitan, widespread, and endemic XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity12137 :: ('7240', 'Species') :: ['D. simulans', 'Drosophila simulans']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms at @entity1192 and @entity1356 were recently suggested to be associated with severity of @entity7278 . We evaluated whether these polymorphisms might also be associated with early-onset @entity2521 (EOP) in 28 African American families and 7 Caucasian American families with 2 or more affected members. METHODS: Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and @entity3323 gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles of different fragment sizes. Genetic epidemiological methods suitable for family data were used that are robust to false-positive findings due to mismatching of cases and controls or mixed subpopulations of different ethnic or geographic origin. The 2 major EOP subtypes, localized @entity6223 (LJP), and generalized early-onset @entity2521 (G-EOP, encompassing rapidly progressive @entity2521 and generalized @entity6223 ), were analyzed both separately and together. RESULTS: We obtained highly significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium for both African American and Caucasian G-EOP subjects. A similar trend was noted for LJP. The IL- alleles associated with high risk of EOP had been suggested previously to be correlated with low risk for severe @entity7278 . Disequilibrium with G-EOP was equally strong for smoking and non-smoking subjects. @entity1192 and @entity1356 polymorphisms were in strong disequilibrium with each other in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Haplotype analyses evaluating both polymorphisms simultaneously indicated that the @entity1356 variant is likely to be most important for EOP risk. Sibpair linkage analyses, by contrast, provided only marginal support for a gene of very major effect on EOP risk attributable to these IL-1 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: Recent theoretical analyses indicate that our findings are most consistent with an interpretation of EOP as a complex, @entity74 , with IL-1 genetic variation contributing an important but not exclusive influence on disease risk.

title: Linkage disequilibrium of XXXX genetic polymorphisms with early-onset @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1alpha', 'IL-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['oligogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: We isolated the @entity840 right bronchus with the vagus nerves intact and evaluated the changes in isometric tension of the smooth muscle in response to nerve stimulation. Brief (10-s) trains of electrical field stimulation or vagus nerve stimulation caused a biphasic contraction: the "first phase" sensitive to @entity3897 and the "second phase" sensitive to @entity2951 . The two phases could be dissociated by adjusting the stimulus intensity; greater stimulus intensities (pulse durations or voltage) were required to evoke the @entity2951 -sensitive phase. When stimulated at 30-min intervals, the magnitude of both phases of the contractions declined over a 2-h period of repeated stimulation; however, this was prevented by @entity3352 . Stimulation of the left vagus nerve resulted in a monophasic contraction of the right bronchus, with little evidence of a @entity2951 -sensitive phase. Blocking neurotransmission through the bronchial ganglion, as monitored by intracellular recording techniques, abolished the first-phase contraction but had no effect on the @entity2951 -sensitive phase. Selective blockade of muscarinic M1 receptors had no effect on vagus nerve-mediated contractions. The results demonstrate that the @entity4775 carry preganglionic fibers to the right bronchial ganglion. The right but not the left vagus nerve also carries @entity2951 -sensitive afferent fibers that, when stimulated, result in a persistent contraction of the right bronchus. Finally, we provide functional and electrophysiological evidence supporting the hypothesis that @entity2951 -sensitive afferent neurons communicate with postganglionic motoneurons within the bronchus.

title: Vagal innervation of XXXX bronchial smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4775 :: ('MESH:D020421', 'Disease') :: ['left and right vagus nerves']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the @entity726 discrimination ability of macular inner retinal layer (MIRL) thickness with that of conventional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in @entity1 with @entity726 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : We studied 67 @entity1 with @entity726 (visual field mean deviation index >= -6 dB), and 56 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent MIRL thickness measurement (ganglion cell complex [GCC] scan) and pRNFL thickness measurement (3.45 mm scan) by SD-OCT. Whenever both eyes were eligible, one was randomly selected. Receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivities at fixed specificities were generated for different parameters. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of each parameter were compared. RESULTS: The average mean deviation for the @entity735 was -2.5    1.6 dB. The AUCs for average (0.815); superior (0.807); and inferior (0.788) MIRL thicknesses were not significantly different (p >=  0.18). The AUCs for average (0.735); superior (0.728); and inferior (0.697) pRNFL thicknesses were also similar (p >=  0.15). Average MIRL thickness had a significantly larger AUC compared to average pRNFL thickness analysis (0.815 vs 0.735; p = 0.03). Sensitivities at 80% specificity for average MIRL and pRNFL thicknesses were 66.7% (cutoff, 89.9  m) and 62.9% (cutoff, 111.8  m), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The GCC scan showed a similar or even a slightly better ability to discriminate between healthy and early @entity735 compared to the pRNFL scan. Different from previous analyses considering total macular thickness, the GCC macular scan seems to be a useful tool for identification of early structural damage in @entity1 with @entity726 .

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for XXXX assessment: analysis of macular ganglion cell complex versus peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'early glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['early glaucoma']


abstract: In the preceding experiments with electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, we showed pre- and @entity528 in the midbrain central gray of the @entity35 . The @entity528 seen may indicate a transneuronal effect of the ventromedial nucleus on the midbrain central gray. Electrolytic lesions, however, destroy afferent endings and fibers in passage, so that the @entity528 seen in the midbrain central gray may be due to @entity10747 of midbrain central gray afferents to the ventromedial nucleus or due to degeneration of fibers in passage. In order to distinguish among these possibilities, chemical, i.e. @entity4176 and @entity1024 , lesions were made in the ventromedial nucleus and the ultrastructure of the midbrain central gray and cerebral cortex was examined at various intervals following the lesions. Both of these excitotoxins have been shown to destroy neurons, sparing afferent terminals and fibers in passage. Animals receiving @entity4176 lesions in the right ventromedial nucleus were allowed to survive for one week, and animals receiving @entity1024 lesions in the right ventromedial nucleus were permitted to survive for four, eight, and 20 days. Midbrain central gray tissue of unlesioned animals served as a control for both @entity4176 and @entity1024 lesions. In addition, other control animals received injections of the same amount of @entity1024 in the right parietal cortex and were permitted to survive for four and eight days. For each of the above injection and survival conditions, the left cortex and subdivisions of the midbrain central gray were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Animals receiving @entity1640 with both @entity4176 and @entity1024 showed signs of pre- and @entity528 . A quantitative analysis (General Linear Model Procedure) of degeneration was performed on the cortex and midbrain central gray of animals receiving @entity1024 lesions in the ventromedial nucleus and cortex, and several parameters were measured. Animals receiving @entity1640 and surviving for eight and 20 days show significantly higher ratios of degenerating presynaptic elements to total presynaptic elements, degenerating postsynaptic elements to total postsynaptic elements, and degenerating total elements to total elements, in the midbrain central gray than in the cortex. Furthermore, the ratio of degenerating postsynaptic elements to total postsynaptic elements is larger than the other ratios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the midbrain central gray following chemical lesions in the ventromedial nucleus: a qualitative and quantitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['ventromedial hypothalamic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['postsynaptic degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Transneuronal degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The targeting of @entity5 stem cells by monoclonal antibodies offers new options for therapy. @entity26720 is a @entity4495 -anchored membrane protein with a small protein core and a high level of glycosylation. It is overexpressed in many @entity1 @entity189 and is correlated with poor prognosis. @entity26720 is a marker for @entity43 stem cells, whereas @entity0 stem cells are negative for @entity26720 . In @entity5 cell lines, changes of @entity26720 expression can alter cellular properties in vitro and @entity5 growth in vivo. We have shown before that monotherapy with monoclonal antibody (mAb) SWA11 to @entity26720 effectively retarded @entity5 growth in xenotransplanted @entity19 . METHODS: Here, we have investigated in more detail the molecular mechanisms of mAb SWA11 therapeutic effects in A549 lung and SKOV3ip @entity43 models in scid/beige and @entity2659 @entity19 , respectively. We focused on anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and microenvironmental effects of SWA11 mAb treatment. RESULTS: We find that @entity26720 targeting is associated with changes in @entity5 cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The treatment lead to increased infiltration of @entity5 tissues with immune cells suggesting involvement of ADCC. We found that SWA11 mAb treatment strongly altered the intratumoural cytokine microenvironment. The addition of SWA11 mAb to @entity136 treatment strongly potentiated its anti- @entity5 efficacy in A549 @entity2 model. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that targeting of @entity26720 could be beneficial for the anti- @entity5 treatment combined with standard chemotherapy regimes.

title: Antibody targeting of @entity26720 efficiently retards growth and influences cytokine milieu in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'pancreatic and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and often used for improving quality of life. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is the main active component in the fungus. Recent researches have shown that oral administration of GLP could produce immunomodulation and antitumor activity. With a high molecular weight, GLP is not easy to be absorbed, and the pathway via enteric mucosal immune response might be important for the immunomodulation of GLP. To investigate the potential mechanism, Kunming @entity19 , weighing 20 +/- 2 g, were used and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and Peyer's patches lymphocytes (PPL) were separated, and incubated with GLP at different dosages (250 microg/mL, 125 microg/mL, 62.5 microg/mL, 31.25 microg/mL). @entity98 , ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the effects of GLP on the proliferation of the lymphocytes, and expression of @entity1618 , @entity2047 and @entity637 . The results showed that GLP could stimulate the proliferation of PBMC and enteric mucosal lymphocytes, and promote the production of @entity2047 and @entity1618 . The RT-PCR results also showed a higher expression of @entity637 and @entity1618 mRNA in the lymphocytes. The higher expression of @entity2047 , @entity1618 and @entity637 from the lymphocytes was observed at GLP concentrations of 62.5 microg/mL and 125 microg/mL. In conclusion, enteric mucosal immune responses could be one of the important pathways for the immunomodulation activity of GLP.

title: Enteric mucosal immune response might trigger the immunomodulation activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Simple morbidity and mortality surveillance procedures have been applied at a large steel mill for several years. Analyses arising from these data are presented demonstrating, as a case in point, that @entity455 are among the leading causes of absenteeism and are the leading cause of @entity204 among male employees. Furthermore, the strong association of @entity101 with vascular mortality is clearly displayed. Finally, attempts to initiate treatment for @entity101 employees through referral to their family physicians met with rather disappointing success as only 22 of 200 referrals resulted in @entity1 -physician interactions. Several suggestions and conclusions can be drawn from this work. First, simple surveillance procedures can be easily implemented in occupational settings and meaningful results derived. Industrial sites offer unique opportunities for epidemiologic studies. Second, @entity455 have a devastating effect on working age males and it would appear that @entity101 , as a controllable "risk factor", is a logical target for intervention programs. Third, while our information is rather limited, it would seem that traditional referrals of @entity1 "at risk" to their family physicians is not an effective way to arrange for their treatment. For much the same reasons that industrial sites may be useful in epidemiologic studies, they may also provide a base for intervention programs for certain disease conditions. Before such programs are undertaken, however, research into their feasibility and effectiveness is required and we are hopeful that our own studies, now underway, will provide some insight in this area.

title: XXXX in employed males: a perspective on preventive and remedial programs in industry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular diseases']


abstract: A simple method is described for measuring rates of protein synthesis and degradation in isolated @entity35 diaphragm. Muscles incubated in Krebs-Ringer @entity3157 buffer showed a linear rate of synthesis for 3 hours. At the same time, the muscle released @entity669 and @entity18189 -positive material, primarily @entity1522 , at a linear rate. This release was not a nonspecific leakage of material from the intracellular pools, but reflected net protein degradation. @entity669 was chosen for studies of protein turnover, since it rapidly equilibrates between intracellular pools and the medium, it can be measured fluorometrically, and it is neither synthesized nor degraded by this tissue. To follow protein degradation independently of synthesis, muscles were incubated in the presence of @entity1880 . Under these conditions, the amount of @entity669 in the intracellular pools was constant, while the muscle released @entity669 at a linear rate. This @entity669 release was used as a measure of degradation. This preparation was used to study the influence of various factors known to be important for muscle growth on protein synthesis and degradation. Similar effects were obtained with diaphragms of normal and fasted @entity35 although the latter showed decreased synthesis and increased protein degradation. Insulin by itself not only stimulated synthesis but also inhibited protein degradation (even in the presence of @entity1880 ). These two effects served to reduce the net release of @entity669 from muscle protein to comparable extents. Effects of insulin on synthesis and degradation were greater when @entity413 was also present in the medium. @entity413 by itself inhibited protein degradation but in the absence of insulin @entity413 had no significant effect on synthesis. Nevertheless, @entity413 stimulated incorporation of radioactivive @entity669 into protein, but this effect was due to an increased intracellular specific activity. Unlike @entity413 neither @entity4322 or @entity6212 had any demonstrable effects on protein degradion. The addition of @entity1522 at plasma concentrations both promoted protein synthesis and inhibited degradation in the diaphragm. Five times normal plasma concentrations of the @entity1522 had larger effects. The three branched chain @entity1522 together stimulated synthesis and reduced degradation, while the remaining plasma @entity1522 did not affect either process significantly. Thus @entity368 , @entity6778 , and @entity4857 appear responsible for the effects of plasma @entity1472 or @entity6778 and @entity4857 together, also were able to inhibit protein degradation and promote synthesis.

title: Effects of insulin, @entity413 , and XXXX on protein turnover in @entity35 diaphragm.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity18189 :: ('MESH:D009555', 'Chemical') :: ['ninhydrin']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the counter (OTC) products play an important role in treating and preventing disease in the U.S. Topical OTCs are widely used but use in dermatology is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To characterize topical OTC use in the U.S. METHODS: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was queried for physician visits in which topical OTCs were recorded. Physician specialty, @entity1 demographics, and diagnoses were examined and linear regressions were performed to determine trends over time. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2008, there were an estimated 320 million visits documenting topical OTC recommendations; the majority of which were visits to a dermatologist (33.5%). Dermatologists most commonly recommended @entity701 (16.9%), @entity18575 (13.3%), and sunscreen (7.4%). Dermatologists were more likely than other providers to use moisturizers in the treatment of @entity66 . Overall, topical OTC recommendations by all physicians has decreased over time (p < 0.0001). However, dermatologists' recommendations for moisturizers and sunscreens has increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Topical OTC products have an important role in the prevention and treatment of @entity66 . Topical OTC recommendations are decreasing over time whereas their use as complementary components (sunscreen/moisturizers) appears to be increasing. Increased awareness of the utility of these agents may help to improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Trends in the use of topical over the counter products in the management of XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['dermatologic disease']


abstract: The side population (SP) in @entity1 @entity2 cell lines and @entity5 is enriched with @entity5 stem cells. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis known as @entity1552 ( @entity1552 ), characterized for its ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has been shown by several laboratories to impede @entity5 progression through MMP-dependent or -independent mechanisms. We recently reported that forced expression of @entity1552 , as well as the modified form Ala+ @entity1552 (that lacks MMP inhibitory activity) significantly blocks growth of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying @entity1552 antitumor effects are not fully characterized. Here, we examine the hypothesis that the @entity1552 antitumor activity may involve regulation of the SP in @entity1 @entity2 cells. Indeed, using Hoechst dye efflux assay and flow cytometry, as well as quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis, we found that endogenous @entity1552 mRNA levels showed a significant inverse correlation with SP fraction size in six @entity1149 cell lines. In A549 cells expressing increased levels of @entity1552 , a significant decrease in SP was observed, and this decrease was associated with lowered gene expression of @entity10430 , @entity1262 and @entity15337 . Functional analysis of A549 cells showed that @entity1552 overexpression increased chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. The SP isolated from @entity1552 -overexpressing A549 cells also demonstrated impaired migratory capacity compared with the SP from empty vector control. More importantly, our data provide strong evidence that these @entity1552 functions occur independent of MMP inhibition, as A549 cells overexpressing Ala+ @entity1552 exhibited identical behavior to those overexpressing @entity1552 alone. Our findings provide the first indication that @entity1552 modulates SP phenotype and function, and suggests that @entity1552 may act as an endogenous suppressor of the SP in @entity1 @entity2 cells.

title: An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis inversely correlates with side population phenotype and function in XXXX @entity2 cells.

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are effective in the prevention of cerebrovascular events among @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, several studies showed @entity1697 to be widely underused in these @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to assess the use of @entity1697 and associated factors with non-use of this treatment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 233 @entity1 affected by non @entity955 hospitalized in our institution between 2005 and 2007. @entity1 were stratified in three groups for @entity64 's risk (high, moderate and low) according to the international antithrombotic therapy recommendations. RESULTS: The average age of our @entity1 was 64+/-14 years, with 35% of subjects being older than 75years. @entity101 was the more frequently reported risk factor for @entity64 (61%), followed by @entity6 (19%) and @entity712 (12%). Five percent of the @entity1 reported a @entity64 or a systemic embolic event history. Of the 233 @entity1 studied, 48% were stratified to the high risk group, among them 75% were being treated with @entity1697 , 20% with @entity117 and 5% were taking no medications. To explore possible reasons for not prescribing anticoagulation, we analysed 27 @entity1 at high risk who did not receive @entity1697 . We found a low benefit/risk ratio (37%), @entity73 in 5%, a past @entity548 episode in 6% but almost 50% of those @entity1 reported no risk factors for @entity548 . CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study, among 25% high-risk @entity1 with non @entity955 were not treated with @entity1697 and one half of the @entity1 report none of the factors associated with perceived or actual risk factors for @entity548 . These data confirmed @entity1697 underuse, despite guidelines that delineate higher-risk @entity1 populations for whom anticoagulation is recommended.

title: [ @entity1697 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral anticoagulants', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['valvular AF', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Twelve cases of @entity2 with @entity75 , which comprised 20% of all @entity2 @entity1 complicated with @entity75 in the same period in our hospital, underwent resection of both lung and @entity75 . There were 9 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 . The ages ranged from 29 to 65. The site of @entity3 was supratentorial in 11 @entity1 and on the right side in 8. The interval between thoracotomy and craniotomy was 18 days-5 years. There was no operative @entity204 . Six @entity1 have survived for more than one year. Surgical approach to @entity2 with @entity75 has proved to be better in comparison with other methods of treatment. Obviously, adjuvant therapy after surgery may play an important role in improving survival. Whether craniotomy or thoracotomy is first performed depends on the presence or absence of life-threatening neurological symptoms. If the @entity1 's condition allows, the second operation should be performed as soon as possible. It is emphasized that in @entity2 @entity1 , pre- and postoperative routine CT scan of the brain should be regularly done for early detection of @entity75 . Meanwhile, a timely, planned, staged operation may improve survival.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well accepted that femoral @entity3207 can reduce the risk of complications after open reduction of @entity572 ( @entity572 ), especially in older @entity1 and "high" dislocations. It remains unclear, however, at what age a @entity1 needs a femoral @entity3207 and what exactly constitutes a "high" dislocation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate age and femoral displacement as predictors of the need for a femoral @entity3207 during the open treatment of @entity572 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on all hips that underwent open treatment for @entity572 between 2005 and 2008. In our algorithm, femoral @entity3207 was performed only if it was necessary to ease femoral @entity135 (independent of @entity1 age and radiographic displacement). Preoperative anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis were used to measure the normalized superior and lateral displacement of the proximal femoral metaphysis relative to Hilgenreiner's line and the lateral edge of the triradiate cartilage, respectively. Operative reports were reviewed to determine age at the time of surgery and whether or not a femoral @entity3207 was performed. RESULTS: Our series consisted of 72 consecutive hips; mean @entity1 age was 35.6 months (range: 16.4 to 76.0 mo). Overall, 25 of 72 hips (35%) underwent a femoral @entity3207 . When the proximal femur was vertically displaced greater than 30% of the pelvic width, the @entity1 was significantly more likely to need a femoral @entity3207 (P<0.0001, relative risk 3.6). @entity1 older than 36 months of age were also more likely to require a shortening compared with younger @entity1 (P=0.001, relative risk 3.2). When both factors were present, the relative risk of needing a femoral shortening was 3.8 (P<0.00002). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, older @entity1 (>36 mo of age) and high dislocations (superior displacement of the proximal femur >30% of pelvic width) were more likely to require a femoral @entity3207 . Our results may help frame expectations for both the family and the surgeon when anticipating surgical treatment for @entity572 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 (case-control study).

title: Predictors of the need for femoral XXXX during open treatment of @entity572 .

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head reduction']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['DDH', 'developmental dislocation of the hip']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['shortening osteotomy']


abstract: @entity3675 of dentists and dental nurses were compiled from the Finnish Register of @entity3675 . The cases were recorded during 3 3-year observation periods, namely 1982-1984, 1986-1988, and 1992-1994 (i.e., 9 observation years). The relative risk of developing @entity3408 in different occupations was calculated from the statistics of the years 1986-1991, and was expressed as the age-standardized rate ratio (SRR). During the 9 observation years, the majority of registered occupational diseases of dentists and dental nurses were @entity272 (221/312; 70.8%), followed by occupational @entity7184 (61/312; 19.6%) and occupational @entity1576 (20/312; 6.4%). The incidence rate (IR) for allergic contact dermatoses/10,000 workers (contact urticaria included) increased from 26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 16-40) in 1982-1984 to 79 (95%, CI 64-97) in 1992-1994. The IR/10,000 of allergic contact dermatoses increased especially for dentists, from 5.4 (95% CI 0.7-19) in 1982 to 67 (95% CI 45-95) in 1992-1994. The increase of the IR/10,000 dental nurses was smaller: from 43 (95%, CI 26-66) in 1982-1984 to 87 (95% CI 67-111) in 1992-1994. There was no increase in the IR/10,000 cases of irritant dermatoses. The most common causes of @entity3408 were plastics, disinfectants and antimicrobials, rubber chemicals, and @entity349 / @entity349 salts. The most common causes of @entity9759 were detergents, wet and dirty work, plastic chemicals and antimicrobials. Currently, Finnish dentists have the highest risk and dental nurses have the 4th highest risk of any occupation for developing @entity3408 : the risk was 6.4-fold (SRR 6.4) in dentists and 6.1-fold in dental nurses, as compared to the general working population. It is evident that safer acrylics and protective gloves, better product declarations and material safety data sheets, as well as more information about protective measures, including non-touch working techniques, are needed.

title: Increase in occupational XXXX of dental personnel.

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis', 'occupational allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational diseases']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive strain injuries']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The American @entity1514 Society recommends race-specific spirometric reference values from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) III for clinical evaluation of pulmonary function in whites, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans in the United States and a correction factor of 0.94 for Asian-Americans. We aimed to validate the NHANES III reference equations and the correction factor for Asian-Americans in an independent, multiethnic sample of US adults. METHODS: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) recruited self-identified non-Hispanic white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American @entity1 aged 45 to 84 years at six US sites. The MESA-Lung Study assessed prebronchodilator spirometry among 3,893 MESA @entity1 who performed acceptable tests, of whom 1,068 were asymptomatic healthy nonsmokers who performed acceptable spirometry. RESULTS: The 1,068 @entity1 were mean age 65 +/- 10 years, 60% female, 25% white, 20% African-American, 23% Hispanic, and 32% Asian-American. Observed values of FEV(1), FEV(6), and FVC among whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics of Mexican origin in MESA-Lung were slightly lower than predicted values based on NHANES III. Observed values among Hispanics of non-Mexican origin were consistently lower. Agreement in classification of @entity1 with @entity1030 based on lower limit of normal criteria was good (overall kappa = 0.88). For Asian-Americans, a correction factor of 0.88 was more accurate than 0.94. CONCLUSIONS: The NHANES III reference equations are valid for use among older adults who are white, African-American, or Hispanic of Mexican origin. Comparison of white and Asian-American @entity1 suggests that a correction factor of 0.88, applied to the predicted and lower limits of normal values, is more appropriate than the currently recommended value of 0.94.

title: Performance of American @entity1514 Society-recommended spirometry reference values in a multiethnic sample of adults: the multi-ethnic study of XXXX (MESA) lung study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: According to previous studies the presence of preoperative antibodies to gram-negative lipopolysaccharides has a protective effect against @entity86 and pyrexia in @entity1 undergoing urologic and cardiac surgical procedures. Preoperative serum specimens collected from 86 @entity1 awaiting major gynecologic surgery were tested for the presence of antiendotoxin by a qualitative method. These @entity1 were closely followed up in the postoperative period and any evidence of @entity281 was noted. There were 21 (24%) @entity1 who had preexisting antibodies. Of the @entity1 studied, 47 (55%) had some form of @entity86 , of which 32 (37%) were exclusively a result of gram-negative bacteria. There was a significant association (p less than 0.05) between @entity86 and the absence of preexisting antibodies. This association was particularly striking (p less than 0.02) when postoperative @entity293 were considered. There was no association between postoperative pyrexia and the absence of preexisting antibody. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies to evaluate the protective role of antiendotoxin in surgical procedures. In the future immunization may be considered an adjunct or alternative to prophylactic antibiotics.

title: Antibody to endotoxin is associated with decreased frequency of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyrexia or infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: Early seedling vigor ( @entity5778 ) is the essential trait for direct seeded @entity579 to dominate and smother the weed growth. In this regard, 629 @entity579 genotypes were studied for their morphological and physiological responses in the field under direct seeded aerobic situation on 14th, 28th and 56th days after sowing (DAS). It was determined that the early observations taken on 14th and 28th DAS were reliable estimators to study @entity5778 as compared to56th DAS. Further, 96 were selected from 629 genotypes by principal component (PCA) and discriminate function analyses. The selected genotypes were subjected to decipher the pattern of genetic diversity in terms of both phenotypic and genotypic by using @entity5778 QTL linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. To assess the genetic structure, model and distance based approaches were used. Genotyping of 96 @entity579 lines using 39 polymorphic SSRs produced a total of 128 alleles with the phenotypic information content (PIC) value of 0.24. The model based population structure approach grouped the accession into two distinct populations, whereas unrooted tree grouped the genotypes into three clusters. Both model based and structure based approach had clearly distinguished the early vigor genotypes from non-early vigor genotypes. Association analysis revealed that 16 and 10 SSRs showed significant association with @entity5778 traits by @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) and @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) approaches respectively. Marker alleles on chromosome 2 were associated with shoot dry weight on 28 DAS, vigor index on 14 and 28 DAS. Improvement in the rate of seedling growth will be useful for identifying @entity579 genotypes acquiescent to direct seeded conditions through marker-assisted selection.

title: Population Structure, Diversity and Trait Association Analysis in @entity579 ( @entity579 .) Germplasm for Early Seedling Vigor ( XXXX ) Using Trait Linked SSR Markers.

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['general linear model', 'MLM', 'GLM', 'mixed linear model']

answer: @entity5778 :: (1127767,Species) :: ['ESV']