abstract: Fatigue is a common symptom in @entity1 with @entity15 . Rapid exhaustion and reduced exercise tolerance leads to difficulties in maintaining a normal daily life for many @entity1 . Regular resting and short breaks can help to compensate this to a certain degree. The pathophysiology of @entity1295 is currently unknown. Damage of specific neuroanatomic regions or a more generalized effect of inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system could be the causes of @entity1295 . Some drugs (e.g. @entity7776 ) have proven effective in therapy of @entity1295 . Recent therapeutic approaches have begun using @entity38146 ( @entity973 , @entity5129 ). These two substances are thought to improve nerve conduction, but there might be a central stimulatory effect as well. Overdosage leads to an elevated risk of @entity302 and @entity911 .

title: ['Fatigue' in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity38146 :: ('MESH:D000631', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyridines']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity5129 :: ('MESH:C016361', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-diaminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, lasers and light-based systems have become a common modality to treat a wide variety of skin-related conditions, including @entity5477 . In spite of the various oral and topical treatments available for the treatment of acne, many @entity1 fail to respond adequately or may develop side effects. Therefore, there is a growing demand by @entity1 for a fast, safe, and side-effect-free novel therapy. OBJECTIVES: To address the role of light therapy in the armamentarium of treatments for @entity5477 , to discuss photobiology aspects and biomedical optics, to review current technologies of laser/light-based devices, to review the clinical experience and results, and to outline clinical guidelines and treatment considerations. RESULTS: Clinical trials show that 85% of the @entity1 demonstrate a significant quantitative reduction in at least 50% of the lesions after four biweekly treatments. In approximately 20% of the cases, acne eradication may reach 90%. At 3 months after the last treatment, clearance is approximately 70% to 80%. The nonrespondent rate is 15% to 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Laser and light-based therapy is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity5477 . Amelioration of acne by light therapy, although comparable to the effects of oral antibiotics, offers faster resolution and fewer side effects and leads to @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Light therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory acne vulgaris', 'acne vulgaris']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: Anticonvulsant drugs are commonly used in @entity9 . There is anecdotal evidence of an analgesic effect of the anticonvulsant @entity2812 in @entity9 , but this is verified by few randomised controlled trials. This randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of examined the effect of @entity2812 in a dose increasing to 200 mg in 100 @entity1 with @entity9 . Eight @entity1 failed to attend for review, 18 withdrew early and 74 provided results. There was no statistical difference in age, sex or duration pre-treatment @entity158 in the two groups. @entity158 , the character of the @entity158 , sensitivity, @entity1183 , paraesthesia, sleep, mobility, mood, quality of life and analgesic consumption were measured. There was a correlation between burning and @entity1183 (P<0. 01), shooting @entity158 (P<0.01) and between analgesic consumption and mobility (P<0.05) throughout the study period. There were no correlation between any other measured variable. There was no significant change in any variable measured over the eight week period when @entity2812 was used. It is concluded that at the dose used and using the dose escalation regime described, @entity2812 had no effect on either @entity158 , component @entity158 symptoms or quality of life variables.

title: 200 mg daily of @entity2812 has no analgesic effect in XXXX : a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Total pain', 'pain and total pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Background: The progression of the cervical @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) is associated with many cofactors, and nutritional aspects are gradually assuming an important role in understanding the physiopathogenesis. Objective: To assess the serum levels of @entity904 in @entity1 from a poor region of Brazil with a histological diagnosis of cervical @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 62 @entity1 aged 14-48 years who had a cervical biopsy and were treated at the Federal University of Ceara in Fortaleza, Brazil. Serum @entity904 levels were measured in peripheral blood by a spectrophotometry technique. Values were categorized as subnormal (<20   g/dl) or normal (>= 20   g/dl). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between serum levels of @entity904 and @entity1893 for a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Twenty-six out of 62 @entity1 (42%) had a negative histopathological result for @entity2784 and 36 (58%) were diagnosed with @entity2784 (20 low @entity2784 and 16 high @entity2784 ). The level of @entity904 was more frequently low in @entity1 with @entity1893 , but there was no statistical significance [p = 0.409, OR: 2.26 (0.33-15.59)]. Conclusion: There was no association between high @entity2784 and low levels of @entity904 in peripheral blood.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Risk of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in XXXX with Low Serum Levels of @entity904 .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade SIL', 'HSIL']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'SIL']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4573 is a rare @entity102 that can have devastating clinical manifestations, including @entity272 with progressive pharyngeal and upper airway involvement, resulting in high mortality due to @entity1576 . Herein we describe a novel therapeutic approach. Because autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective in other plasma cell proliferative disorders, it may be effective in this setting. OBSERVATIONS: We retrospectively evaluated 6 @entity1 who were offered high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue as treatment for @entity4573 . One heavily pretreated @entity1 was unable to mobilize stem cells. The remaining 5 @entity1 mobilized stem cells and underwent successful transplantation. There was no treatment-related mortality. Hematologic responses were seen in 4 @entity1 , including 2 complete remissions and 2 partial remissions, and all 4 had improvement in extracutaneous manifestations. All 4 @entity1 subsequently had relapse of the monoclonal protein, and 3 developed skin relapses at 14, 37, and 45 months. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue is feasible for @entity1 with @entity4573 and, although not curative, offers durable remission in most @entity1 . This therapy should be considered before treatment with alkylating agents or other treatments that could adversely affect the ability to collect stem cells.

title: Successful treatment of XXXX with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity4573 :: ('MESH:D053718', 'Disease') :: ['scleromyxedema', 'Scleromyxedema']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fibromucinous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis of the skin']

answer: @entity4573 :: (MESH:D053718,Disease) :: ['scleromyxedema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vagal nerve activity-indexed by heart rate variability (HRV)-has been linked to altered @entity158 processing and @entity32 , both of which may underpin @entity2794 and lead to @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Here we examined the evidence for differences in parasympathetic (vagal) activity indexed by time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV in @entity1 with @entity2794 compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on studies investigating group differences in vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV) including time- (root-mean-square of successive R-R-interval differences (RMSSD)) and frequency- (high-frequency HRV) domain measures. Studies eligible for inclusion were identified by a systematic search of the literature, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS: Seven studies reporting a total of 10 comparisons of @entity1 with @entity2794 (HF-HRV n   =   67, RMSSD n   =   122) and HCs (HF-HRV n   =   64, RMSSD n   =   125) were eligible for inclusion. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a significant main effect on RMSSD (Z   =   2.03, p   =   0.04; Hedges' g   =   -0.63; 95% CI (-1.24, -0.02); k   =   6) and similar pooled effect size estimates for HF-HRV when breathing was controlled (g   =   -0.30; 95% CI (-0.69; 0.10)) but not when breathing was not controlled (g   =   0.02; 95% CI (-0.69; 0.74)). Controlling for breathing had no effect on RMSSD. CONCLUSION: vmHRV is reduced in @entity1 with @entity2794 , findings associated with a medium effect size. Suggestions for future research in this area are provided, emphasizing a need to investigate the impact of @entity2794 and commonly comorbid conditions-including mental disorders-as well as the investigation of the risk for @entity65 in @entity2704 in particular. We further emphasize the need for large-scale studies to investigate HRV as a mechanism mediating the association of @entity2704 and @entity65 .

title: Vagally mediated heart rate variability in headache XXXX -a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity356 , the impact of body  mass index (BMI) on outcomes is not well understood. We sought to define the impact of non-normal BMI on short- and long-term outcomes after @entity356 resection. METHODS: We identified 775 @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy for @entity420 between 2000 and 2012 from the multi-institutional US @entity356 Collaborative. Clinicopathologic characteristics, operative details, and oncologic outcomes were collected, and @entity1 were stratified according to BMI. RESULTS: Most @entity1 in the cohort were classified as having normal BMI (n  =  338, 43.6%), followed by overweight (n  =  229, 29.6%), @entity28 (n  =  153, 19.7%), and underweight (n  =  55, 7.1%). After stratifying by BMI, there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative blood transfusions, perioperative morbidity, postoperative infectious complications, length of stay, perioperative 30-d in-hospital death, or readmission across groups (all P  >  0.05). BMI did not impact overall or recurrence-free survival after  stratifying by stage (all P  >  0.05). However, underweight @entity1 with low preoperative albumin levels had worse @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) compared with that of @entity1 of normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS: BMI did not impact perioperative morbidity, recurrence-free, or @entity1349 in @entity1 undergoing gastric resection for @entity420 . Underweight @entity1 with BMI <18.5  kg/m(2) and low preoperative albumin levels, however, had a significantly decreased @entity1349 after gastrectomy for @entity5 . These high-risk @entity1 should have their nutritional status optimized both before and after gastrectomy in an attempt to modify this risk factor and, in turn, achieve better outcomes.

title: Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes and survival after resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: AIM: To explore the provision and variations in care for @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) registered with the population-based North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey (NECCPS). METHOD: This is a retrospective multicentre record audit of 389 @entity1 with @entity306 (220 males, 148 females, 21 no data; median age at time of audit 12y 3mo), born between 1995 and 2002. Data were collected on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hip and spine surveillance and management, and @entity158 presence and management. Variations over time and between the districts in the north of England (Northumberland, North and @entity739 , North and South Tyneside, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gateshead, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington, Bishop Auckland, Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough, Redcar, and Cleveland), and by socio-economic status (SES) (estimated from the Index of Multiple Deprivation [IMD] 2004) were estimated by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There was significant variation between districts in access to MRI (p<0.001), orthopaedic surgeons (p=0.005), recording state of spine (p<0.001), and discussions about @entity158 (p<0.001). Fifty-seven per cent (95% CI 52-62) had evidence of a reported MRI brain scan, the proportion of which increased over time (p<0.001). Sixty-seven per cent (95% CI 62-71) had a discussion about @entity158 recorded. Of those in @entity158 , 87% (95% CI 80-93) had a @entity158 management plan. The proportion with documented discussion about @entity158 increased with increasing SES (p=0.04). INTERPRETATION: The provision of care for @entity1 with @entity306 in the north of England varies between districts. Internationally agreed, evidence-based standards are urgently needed to ensure more equitable health care and improved outcomes for all.

title: Variation in health care for @entity1 and young XXXX with @entity306 : a retrospective multicentre audit study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Cumbria']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsies', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Because of extensive intraoperative @entity2922 release, extreme vascularization, and demanding localization, laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic excision of @entity1911 and @entity1823 is challenging. In a prospective clinical study, 61 chromaffin @entity5 (52 @entity1911 , 9 @entity1823 ) were removed endoscopically from 52 @entity1 (30 males, 22 females; age 44.4 +/- 16.3 years) at 55 operations. Six @entity1 showed multiple (two to five) @entity5 . @entity5 size ranged from 1 to 7 cm (mean 3.6 +/- 1.4 cm). Twelve @entity1 suffered from @entity74 . Seven @entity1 had bilateral @entity550 ; in three @entity1 @entity1911 were removed on both sides synchronously. Four @entity5 were local recurrences (three @entity1911 , one @entity1823 ). The laparoscopic route was chosen for six operations, and the retroperitoneoscopic technique was performed in 49 procedures. Partial adrenalectomy was performed in 19 operations (in all @entity1 with @entity66 ). High-dosage a-blockage with @entity5333 was routinely used. There were no conversions to open surgery. Perioperative complications were minor (23%), and mortality was zero. The operating time for @entity1911 was 116 +/- 52 minutes (range 35-285 minutes) and depended on @entity5 size (<3 cm vs. > or = 3 cm; p <0.01), gender (p <0.01), and extent of resection (partial vs. complete; p <0.05). The operating time for bilateral @entity1911 ranged from 285 to 385 minutes, and it was 75 to 600 minutes for @entity1823 . @entity190 was 100 +/- 171 ml. Consumption of analgesics was low (mean 7 mg @entity22730 postoperatively). The median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4 days. In six of seven @entity1 with bilateral disease complete preservation of cortical function was achieved. Locoregional metastatic recurrence was found in one @entity1 3 years after retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. Endoscopic removal of solitary, bilateral, multiple, and recurrent @entity1911 and @entity1823 is feasible and safe but requires extensive experience in minimally invasive and endocrine surgery.

title: Endoscopic treatment of solitary, bilateral, multiple, and recurrent @entity1911 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral diseases']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytomas', 'unilateral pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias', 'Tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal paragangliomas', 'paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of a thermal uterine balloon system with hysteroscopic rollerball ablation in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine @entity548 . METHODS: Two hundred fifty-five premenopausal @entity1 were treated in a randomized multicenter study comparing thermal uterine balloon therapy with hysteroscopic rollerball ablation for the treatment of @entity931 . Preprocedural and postprocedural menstrual diary scores and quality-of-life questionnaires were obtained. Twelve-month follow-up data are presented on 239 @entity1 . RESULTS: Twelve-month results indicated that both techniques significantly reduced menstrual blood flow with no clinically significant difference between the two groups as reflected by return to normal @entity548 or less (balloon 80.2% and rollerball ablation 84.3%). Multiple quality-of-life questionnaire results were also similar, including percent of @entity1 highly satisfied with their results (balloon 85.6% compared with rollerball 86.7%). A 90% decrease in diary scores was seen in more than 60% of @entity1 in both groups. Procedural time was reduced significantly in the uterine balloon therapy group. @entity3816 occurred in 3.2% of the hysteroscopic rollerball @entity1 , whereas no intraoperative complications occurred in the thermal balloon group. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of dysfunctional uterine @entity548 , uterine balloon therapy is as efficacious as hysteroscopic rollerball ablation and may be safer.

title: Thermal balloon and rollerball ablation to treat XXXX : a multicenter comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: 1. Electrophysiological recordings were made from identified neurons in the isolated suboesophageal ganglionic mass of Helix aspersa. Cells were voltage clamped at testing membrane potential. 2. Bath addition of 1 microM dibutyryl @entity268 caused a time dependent enhancement of an evoked IPSP and the @entity935 (DA) and @entity11879 (OA) induced outward currents obtained in these neurons. @entity1928 , 0.1 microM, which enhances and MDL 12,330A, 0.12 microM, which depresses adenylate cyclase activity also modified these responses. 3. The DA and OA inhibitory responses were both shown to be @entity972 mediated events. They were preferentially antagonised by low micromolar concentrations of @entity973 . Two other @entity972 channel antagonists, @entity5128 and @entity3855 had little effect on the DA and OA responses. 4. Cell sensitivity to DA and OA was greatly enhanced in @entity460 free/2 mM @entity1953 Ringer. The reversal potential of the DA response was shifted to a more negative value in @entity460 free Ringer. Sodium free Ringer was also found to alter the responses to DA or OA but those results were not consistent.

title: An analysis of the inhibitory responses of XXXX and @entity11879 on Helix central neurons.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate associations between twinning and maternal demographic factors and periconceptional exposures among @entity1 with and without orofacial clefts. METHODS: We used data from the National @entity600 Prevention Study; 228 twins and 8242 singletons without @entity600 (controls), and 117 twins and 2859 singletons with orofacial clefts, born 1997 to 2007, were included in the analyses. Because of the occurrence of twinning due to the use of assisted reproductive technologies, logistic regression models were computed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each exposure, stratified by fertility treatment use. To evaluate factors by zygosity, we used sex-pairing data and a simulation approach to estimate the zygosity of like-sex twin pairs for unassisted conceptions. RESULTS: Among control mothers who did not use fertility treatments, predictors of twinning included non-Hispanic black maternal race (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4), and @entity286 smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4). Among control mothers who used fertility treatments, older maternal age, higher income, and state of residence were associated with twinning. Associations were generally stronger among mothers of dizygotic (estimated) twins than monozygotic (estimated) twins. Results for mothers of @entity1 with isolated orofacial clefts were similar to those of controls. CONCLUSION: We observed an increased twinning frequency with increasing maternal age, but factors such as maternal race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status may also contribute. Among @entity1 receiving fertility treatments, factors associated with twinning suggested a relation with treatment specifics (e.g., treatment type and number of embryos implanted) and availability of insurance coverage. @entity600 Research (Part A), 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Epidemiology of twinning in the National XXXX Prevention Study, 1997 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Birth Defects']


abstract: We examined the effect of rate of temperature rise on the thermosensitivity of a @entity19 @entity981 . L1210 cells suspended in RPMI 1630 medium:5% fetal bovine serum at pH 7.4 were heated from 37 degrees C-42 degrees C, or 44 degrees C over variable times (immediately, 30, 60, 120, 180 min) in a circulating water bath controlled by an electronic temperature programmer. Survival of the cells using a soft agar clonogenic assay was plotted against the time at final temperature so that a Do (min of heat required to reduce survival by 63% on the exponential portion of the survival curve) could be calculated as an estimate of thermosensitivity. Cells heated from 37 degrees C-42 degrees C over a time period of 30 min (10 degrees C/h) were less thermosensitive (Do 62.7 +/- 12.5 min) as compared to those exposed immediately to 42 degrees C (Do @entity19 +/- 2.2 min). Cells heated over a period of 180 min (1.6 degrees C/h) showed almost no death even after 4 h at 42 degrees C. Thermosensitivity of cells heated to several other high temperatures was also a function of rate of heating. This relative thermal resistance induced by slow heating was not a result of a change in membrane @entity165 content or @entity844 composition. Similarly, there was no difference between cells heated at slow and fast rates in cell cycle distribution or in cellular protein concentration. The major @entity1457 protein of Mr 70,000, which was induced by immediate heating, was not synthesized at the same high rate 1-12 h after heat treatment by the cells made thermotolerant with slow heating. We conclude that the thermosensitivity of this neoplastic cell can be altered considerably by the rate of heating. This alteration is not due to a change in membrane lipids. Furthermore, the @entity1457 protein at Mr 70,000 which was synthesized after immediate heating could not be demonstrated in the gradually heated L1210 @entity1778 cells.

title: Influence of rate of heating on thermosensitivity of L1210 XXXX : membrane lipids and Mr 70,000 @entity1457 protein.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Paraproteinemic crystalline @entity2372 is an uncommon complication of @entity1582 and other @entity1581 . A case of 16 years' duration was associated with an IgG kappa @entity1581 and recurrent @entity1596 . The corneal changes were unusually extensive and distributed throughout all corneal layers. The deposits consisted of diffuse, small, polymorphic aggregates, which were iridescent in the superficial cornea, mat elsewhere, and associated with a diffuse stromal haze; specular microscopy showed additional features. Both corneas were thickened. The deposits failed to stain histochemically, except patchily with Masson Trichrome. There was extensive immunohistochemical labeling for IgG, kappa, and surprisingly, lambda. Ultrastructurally, @entity1893 were found in every corneal cell; paracrystalline deposits with internal banding were seen only in the basal epithelium. Keratocytes and endothelial cells were damaged and reduced in number. Disease recurred in a corneal graft. Three main types of @entity2372 can be distinguished. The deposits probably represent various metabolic products of the monoclonal protein. This is not necessarily a benign condition; hematologic control may be necessary on purely ophthalmological criteria.

title: Paraproteinemic crystalline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy', 'plasma cell dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy', 'paraproteinemic keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic deposits']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['keratopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Subtenon injection of botulinum toxin may produce results similar to intramuscular injection of the medial rectus muscle for the treatment of @entity26674 . This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of subtenon injection and to compare our results with those in previously published reports. METHODS: During 3 years at a single institution, 13 @entity1 with @entity26674 of less than 6 months' duration were treated with subtenon injection of botulinum toxin. The deviation angles before and after injection were recorded. A distance @entity5971 of less than 10 prism diopters (PD) in the primary position or absence of @entity892 at 3 months was defined as recovery. RESULTS: Of the 13 @entity1 treated, 11 (84.5%) had unilateral palsy and 2 (15.4%) had bilateral palsy. The average pre-injection deviation was 39.5 PD of @entity5971 , and the average post-injection deviation was 17.0 PD. Seven @entity1 experienced recovery and regained binocular single vision; the overall recovery rate was 53.8% (unilateral, 63.6%; bilateral, 0%). Six @entity1 did not recover and subsequently underwent strabismus surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity26674 treated with subtenon injection of botulinum toxin showed higher recovery rates than did most @entity1 treated with conservative measures in published reports. The result of subtenon injection of botulinum toxin without electromyography (EMG) guidance was comparable to that obtained using EMG-guided intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin. @entity1 with unilateral palsy demonstrated a better recovery rate than did @entity1 with bilateral palsy.

title: Subtenon injection of botulinum toxin for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity26674 :: ('MESH:D020222', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic sixth nerve palsy', 'acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy']

answer: @entity26674 :: (MESH:D020222,Disease) :: ['traumatic sixth nerve palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The object of this study was to review the effectiveness in treating severe and @entity2003 with posterioronly spinal release combined with derotation, translation, segmental correction, and an in situ rod-contouring technique. METHODS Twenty-eight @entity1 with severe and @entity2003 (Cobb angle > 70   and flexibility < 30%) were retrospectively enrolled between June 2008 and June 2010. The average age of the @entity1 was 17.1 years old (range 12-22 years old), 18 were female, and 10 were male. Etiological diagnoses were idiopathic in 24 @entity1 , neuromuscular in 2 @entity1 , and @entity1614 in 2 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent posterior spinal release, derotation, translation, segmental correction, and an in situ rod-contouring technique. The @entity1635 Cobb angle in the coronal plane, @entity1513 Cobb angle, apex vertebral translation, and trunk shift were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS The average operative time was 241.8    32.1 minutes and estimated @entity190 was 780.5    132.6 ml. The average @entity1635 Cobb angle in the coronal plane was corrected from 85.7   (range 77  -94  ) preoperatively to 33.1   (range 21  -52  ) postoperatively, with a correction ratio of 61.3%. The average @entity1513 Cobb angle was 64.5   (range 59  -83  ) preoperatively, which was decreased to 42.6   (range 34  -58  ) postoperatively, with a correction ratio of 33.9%. After an average of 24 months of follow-up (range 13-30 months), no major complications were observed in these @entity1 , except screw pullout of the upper thoracic vertebrae in 2 @entity1 and screw penetration into the apical vertebrae in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS Posterior spinal release combined with derotation, translation, segmental correction, and an in situ rod-contouring technique has proved to be a promising new technique for @entity2003 , significantly correcting the @entity1635 and accompanied by fewer complications.

title: Posterior-only spinal release combined with derotation, translation, segmental correction, and an in situ rod-contouring technique for treatment of severe and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid scoliosis']


abstract: Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that coffee drinking is associated with reduced mortality of @entity65 . However, its precise mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, we examined whether single ingestion of @entity5834 contained in a cup of coffee improves microvascular function in healthy subjects. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was performed in 27 healthy volunteers. A cup of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee was drunk by the subjects, and reactive @entity450 of finger blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. In an interval of more than 2 days, the same experimental protocol was repeated with another coffee in a crossover manner. Caffeinated coffee intake slightly but significantly elevated blood pressure and decreased finger blood flow as compared with decaffeinated coffee intake. There was no significant difference in heart rate between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee intake. Importantly, caffeinated coffee intake significantly enhanced post-occlusive reactive @entity450 of finger blood flow, an index of microvascular endothelial function, compared with decaffeinated coffee intake. These results provide the first evidence that @entity5834 contained in a cup of coffee enhances microvascular function in healthy individuals.

title: Effect of XXXX contained in a cup of coffee on microvascular function in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: @entity1619 cell tolerance to self- @entity2610 induces an autoimmune process that leads to @entity6220 (CNS) in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . While the @entity792 is initiated by antigen-specific autoreactive T cells, there is accumulating evidence that @entity149 is essentially mediated by CNS-infiltrating inflammatory cells. In addition, it is established that activated macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells contribute to tissue damage in several inflammatory diseases by releasing highly reactive @entity26 metabolites. It was therefore possible that @entity17 associated with @entity15 results from oxidative injury caused by a cascade of @entity26 reactive metabolites produced by CNS-infiltrating activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells. To address this question, we tested the effect of a synthetic catalytic scavenger of @entity26 radicals, EUK-8, on @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity19 , the animal model for @entity15 in @entity1 . We observed that repeated injection of EUK-8 starting at the time of @entity56 induction delayed the onset and markedly reduced the severity of the disease. Strikingly, all EUK-8-treated @entity19 completely recovered after 40 days. In addition, we showed that posttreatment with EUK-8 4 days after @entity56 induction also resulted in a significant amelioration of @entity56 . These results indicate that @entity26 metabolites secreted by inflammatory cells at the site of tissue destruction play a major role in the induction and presumably the perpetuation of the @entity792 . This study also suggests that treatment with @entity26 metabolites scavengers may represent a novel and promising strategy to prevent the onset and to block the course of ongoing autoimmune @entity1651 and other inflammatory @entity792 .

title: Prevention and suppression of autoimmune XXXX by EUK-8, a synthetic catalytic scavenger of @entity26 -reactive metabolites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Breakdown of T']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injury']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic encephalomyelitis', 'EAE', 'EAE disease']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Growing evidence suggests that @entity1374 may contribute to progression of @entity299 to @entity712 . We investigated the effects of a therapeutic dose of thyroid hormones (TH) on @entity7863 ( @entity7863 ) hamsters from 4 to 6 mo of age. @entity7863 hamsters had @entity1375 (normal thyroxine, elevated TSH). Left ventricular (LV) function was determined by echocardiography and hemodynamics. Whole tissue pathology and isolated myocyte size and number were assessed. TH treatment prevented the decline in heart rate and rate of LV pressure increase and improved LV ejection fraction. The percentage of @entity82 / @entity39 in untreated 4-mo-old @entity7863 (4CM; 15.5 +/- 2.2%) and 6-mo-old @entity7863 (6CM; 21.5 +/- 2.4%) hamsters was pronounced and was reversed in treated @entity7863 (TCM; 11.9 +/- 0.9%) hamsters. @entity67 was the same between 4- and 6-mo-old controls but was reduced by 30% in 4CM and 43% in 6CM hamsters. TH treatment completely prevented further loss of myocytes in TCM hamsters. Compared with age-matched controls, resting and maximum coronary blood flow was impaired in 4CM and 6CM hamsters. Blood flow was completely normalized by TH treatment. We conclude that TH treatment of @entity7863 hamsters with @entity1375 normalized impaired coronary blood flow, which prevented the decline in LV function and loss of myocytes.

title: Treatment of XXXX reverses ischemia and prevents myocyte loss and progressive LV dysfunction in hamsters with dilated cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Total ventricular myocyte number']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Squamous atypia in postmenopausal (PM) cervical vaginal smears (CVS) only rarely is associated with a biopsy-proven @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), and thus most commonly represents an @entity194 -associated benign reactive change. METHODS: To distinguish atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and @entity2784 from @entity194 -associated benign reactive changes, a review of atypical @entity3941 was performed. Ninety CVS exhibiting an @entity7944 were considered appropriate for study. Repeat smears and/or biopsy after local @entity172 therapy were requested to distinguish @entity3202 /reactive from dysplastic changes. RESULTS: Generally, @entity3941 exhibit uniform nuclear enlargement in the squamous cell population, which, using the criterion of nuclear enlargement alone, would qualify the majority of these cases to be classified as ASCUS. The nuclear enlargement associated with @entity194 resolves with the local application of @entity172 . Follow-up after local @entity172 treatment was available for 84 of 90 @entity1 and revealed 10 cases of @entity2784 (12%) and 9 cases of ASCUS (11%), 6 of which were favored to be of a reactive etiology. Nuclear features most commonly noted in the cases considered to be ASCUS (nonreactive) and @entity2784 were nuclear hyperchromasia and nuclear contour irregularities. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear enlargement alone is not sufficient for diagnosing ASCUS or @entity2784 in PM CVS. Nuclear enlargement in squamous cells is an expected normal reactive change present in PM CVS that resolves with the application of local @entity172 . Nuclear hyperchromasia and irregular nuclear contours remain the most reliable cellular characteristics for diagnosing @entity2784 in @entity3941 .

title: Squamous atypia in the XXXX : a new look at an old problem.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3941 :: ('MESH:D059268', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic PM CVS', 'atrophic CVS']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic smear pattern']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'SIL']

answer: @entity3941 :: (MESH:D059268,Disease) :: ['atrophic cervical vaginal smear']


abstract: Background. We present two rare cases of @entity1377 which appeared in @entity11677 . These cases highlight that thyroglossal duct cyst can serve as malignancy of thyroid gland. Methods. A retrospective case report was carried out on 2 @entity1 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Results. A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with enlarged right anterior and midline neck mass, which preoperatively were diagnosed as @entity1376 . A total thyroidectomy and Sistrunk procedure were performed. In the second case, a 35-year-old @entity1 presented with a lump which occurred at anterior neck region without palpable mass at the thyroid. Preoperatively, it was diagnosed as TDC. Sistrunk procedure was performed, followed by total thyroidectomy a month after the first operation. Histopathology showed @entity3557 in both @entity1 . Conclusion. The occurrence of @entity189 in TDC is very rare but should always be considered as an option in making diagnosis for a neck mass.

title: @entity1377 Occurrence in a @entity11677 with XXXX without Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: Two-Cases Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) and nontoxic multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity11677 :: ('MESH:D013955', 'Disease') :: ['thyroglossal duct cysts']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity900 (120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 29) and @entity5713 (4 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks). At the completion of induction chemotherapy, all @entity1 were assessed for resectability. Those @entity1 judged to be resectable underwent thoracotomy. All remaining @entity1 received thoracic radiation therapy (5500 cGy) followed by additional chemotherapy in those @entity1 responding to neoadjuvant treatment. There were 15 partial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for an overall response rate of 54% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 71%). Only five partially responding @entity1 (18%) were thought to have had sufficient @entity5 regression to allow for a potentially curative resection. However, a complete resection was done in only two @entity1 . Overall median survival was 12 months (range, 4 to 72 months) with 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of 54%, 39%, and 11%, respectively. The primary @entity137 associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was moderate to severe (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Grade 3 or 4) @entity390 and emesis in 25% of @entity1 . @entity1503 was relatively modest; only one @entity1 had Grade 4 @entity1431 (less than 1000/microliter). @entity221 and @entity1398 were uncommon, and there were no documented septic episodes or treatment-related @entity204 . Compared with historic controls treated with radiation therapy alone, @entity900 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to improve the median and long-term survival of Stage III @entity1149 @entity1 modestly.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity900 plus XXXX chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Hepatic production and release of @entity1827 plays a central role in experimental @entity7185 after common bile duct ligation by stimulating pulmonary endothelial @entity842 production. In @entity7008 -induced nonbiliary @entity82 , @entity99 @entity1827 production and release do not occur, and @entity7185 does not develop. However, the source and regulation of @entity99 @entity1827 after common bile duct ligation are not fully characterized. We evaluated the sources of @entity99 @entity1827 production after common bile duct ligation in relation to @entity7008 @entity82 and assessed whether @entity1810 regulates @entity1827 production. METHODS: @entity7185 and @entity99 and plasma @entity1827 levels were evaluated after common bile duct ligation or @entity7008 administration. Cellular sources of @entity1827 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and laser capture microdissection of cholangiocytes. @entity1810 expression and signaling were assessed by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and by evaluating normal @entity35 cholangiocytes. RESULTS: Hepatic and plasma @entity1827 levels increased and @entity7185 developed only after common bile duct ligation. Hepatic @entity1827 and @entity1810 levels increased over a similar time frame, and cholangiocytes were a major source of each peptide. @entity1810 signaling in cholangiocytes in vivo was evident by increased phosphorylation and nuclear localization of @entity19233 , and @entity99 @entity1827 levels correlated directly with liver @entity1810 and phosphorylated @entity19233 levels. @entity1810 also stimulated @entity1827 promoter activity, expression, and production in normal @entity35 cholangiocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Cholangiocytes are a major source of @entity99 @entity1827 production during the development of @entity7185 after common bile duct ligation, but not in @entity7008 -induced @entity82 . @entity1810 stimulates cholangiocyte @entity1827 expression and production. Cholangiocyte-derived @entity1827 may be an important endocrine mediator of experimental @entity7185 .

title: @entity1810 production in XXXX experimental @entity7185 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7185 :: ('MESH:D020065', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopulmonary syndrome', 'Hepatopulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'Transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thrombolytics such as recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) have advanced the treatment of @entity385 , @entity583 , @entity1150 and @entity1151 . OBJECTIVE: To improve the efficacy of this thrombolytic therapy, the synergistic effect of rt-PA and 120 kHz or 1.0 MHz ultrasound was assessed in vitro using a porcine clot model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fully retracted whole blood clots prepared from fresh porcine blood were employed to compare rt-PA thrombolytic treatment with and without exposure to 120-kHz or 1-MHz ultrasound. For sham studies (without ultrasound), clot mass loss was measured as a function of rt-PA concentration from 0.003 to 0.107 mg/ml. For combined ultrasound and rt-PA treatments, peak-to-peak pressure amplitudes of 0.35, 0.70 or 1.0 MPa were employed. The range of duty cycles varied from 10% to 100% (continuous wave) and the pulse repetition frequency was fixed at 1.7 KHz. RESULTS: For rt-PA alone, the mass loss increased monotonically as a function of rt-PA concentration up to approximately 0.050 mg/ml. With ultrasound and rt-PA exposure, clot mass loss increased by as much as 104% over rt-PA alone. Ultrasound without the presence of rt-PA did not significantly enhance thrombolysis compared to control treatment. The ultrasound-mediated clot mass loss enhancement increased with the square root of the overall treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS: Both 120-kHz and 1-MHz pulsed and CW ultrasound enhanced rt-PA thrombolysis in a porcine whole blood clot model in vitro. No clear dependence of the observed thrombolytic enhancement on ultrasound duty cycle was evident. The lack of duty cycle dependence suggests a more complex mechanism that could not be sustained by merely increasing the pulse duration.

title: Ultrasound-enhanced XXXX thrombolysis in an in vitro porcine clot model.

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effects of @entity6838 , @entity1169 , and @entity1855 on exercise in @entity1 with chronic isolated @entity955 . DESIGN: @entity1 with chronic isolated @entity955 underwent maximal exercise testing before and after the administration of @entity6838 , @entity1169 , or @entity1855 . Heart rate, @entity26 uptake and @entity26 pulse were observed at rest, at gas exchange anaerobic threshold, and at peak exercise. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 10 @entity1 (aged 48-78 years, mean age 60, SD 9, years) with chronic isolated @entity955 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During exercise without medication, the heart rate was 85 (SD 8) beats. @entity1009 at rest, 127(19) at the level of anaerobic threshold, and 175(17) at peak exercise. With @entity6838 , heart rate was reduced to 75(9) beats. @entity1009 at rest (control v @entity6838 , p less than 0.01). However, reduction of heart rate was not seen at anaerobic threshold or at peak exercise. With @entity1169 , heart rate was 63(7) beats. @entity1009 at rest, 99(16) at anaerobic threshold, and 138(28) at peak exercise (control v @entity1169 , all p less than 0.01). Heart rate with @entity1855 was 70(13) beats. @entity1009 at rest, 107(30) at anaerobic threshold, and 138(28) at peak exercise (control v @entity1855 , p less than 0.05 at rest and at anaerobic threshold, p less than 0.01 at peak exercise. Neither @entity6838 , nor @entity1169 , nor @entity1855 changed the @entity26 uptake during exercise. Without medication, @entity26 pulse was 6.5(2.0) ml.beat-1 at anaerobic threshold and 7.7(2.1) ml.beat-1 at peak exercise. With @entity6838 , the change of @entity26 pulse, versus without medication, was not significant at rest or at anaerobic threshold but was increased at peak exercise, at 8.3(2.1) v 7.7(2.1) ml.beat-1, p less than 0.05. With @entity1169 , @entity26 pulse was increased to 8.2(1.9) ml.beat-1 at anaerobic threshold and 9.2(2.3) ml.beat-1 at peak exercise (control v @entity1169 , both p less than 0.01). With @entity1855 , @entity26 pulse was increased to 8.7(1.8) ml.beat-1 at anaerobic threshold and 10.0(2.1) ml.beat-1 at peak exercise (control v @entity1855 , both p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6838 was effective in reducing heart rate at rest, but failed to reduce it during exercise. @entity1169 and @entity1855 reduced heart rate at all levels of exercise as well as at rest. @entity26 uptake during exercise (total exercise capacity) was not reduced with @entity1169 or @entity1855 ; this was thought to have been accomplished by an increased @entity26 pulse.

title: Effects of @entity6838 , @entity1169 , and @entity1855 on exercise in XXXX with chronic isolated @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6838 :: ('MESH:D004077', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxin', 'Digoxin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the macular changes in eyes filled with @entity1346 oil (SO) and course of these changes after SO removal. METHODS: A retrospective optical coherence tomography scan review was conducted for twenty-four @entity1 who underwent uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy with SO tamponade for complex @entity1713 were detected with optical coherence tomography before, and one week, one month and three months after SO removal. RESULTS: Mean duration of SO tamponade was 3.6  1.0mo (range: 3-7mo). @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) was detected in 3 eyes before SO removal. Submacular fluid was represented in 1 eye before @entity1346 SO removal. Resolution of @entity1103 and submacular fluid was achieved 1mo after SO removal in all eyes. Mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.15  0.65 (range, hand movement to 0.2) before SO removal in the eyes without macular changes. After SO removal, the mean BCVA values at 1wk and 1 and 3mo, and 0.82  0.23, 0.76  0.21, and 0.70  0.19, all of which were significantly better than baseline (P=0.030, 0.017, 0.006 respectively). In the eyes with macular @entity1103 and subretinal fluid the mean BCVA was significantly improved at 3mo after SO removal compared with baseline (P=0.037). CONCLUSION: Decreased visual acuity in eyes filled with SO could be caused by macular complications due to SO. @entity1103 and subretinal fluid may resolve without any additional macular surgery after SO removal.

title: Spontaneous resolution of macular edema after XXXX oil removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Cystoid macular edema', 'CME']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: Prosthetic mesh reinforcement of abdominal wall hernias has gained acceptance as a result of its ease of placement and a favorably low incidence of @entity547 recurrence. However, its use in contaminated wounds secondary to open bowel exposure is felt to be contraindicated because of potential septic complications and lack of incorporation. The impact of permanent mesh placement in contaminated fields on wound morbidity, @entity547 recurrence, and mortality was examined. Records of 24 consecutive @entity1 having permanent mesh placement in contaminated wounds for repair of abdominal wall hernias between 1994 and 2001 were reviewed. Factors examined included age, @entity547 , body mass index, comorbidity, degree of contamination, concurrent @entity344 , wound morbidity, and mortality. The mean age and body mass index were 63 years and 26.1 kg/m2 respectively. Twelve @entity1 had risk factors for wound complications or were immunocompromised. There were 11 incisional, eight parastomal, two femoral, and two inguinal repairs and one @entity10193 repair. Twenty-three were repaired with @entity7502 and one with Gore-Tex mesh. Prosthetic herniorrhaphy was performed in nine @entity1 with ostomies already in place and in 15 @entity1 with concomitant bowel resections. Of those with bowel resections five had enterocutaneous fistulae, three had bowel resection because of injury during mobilization, six had resections for @entity39 bowel, and one had enterostomy closure. Fourteen cases were clean contaminated and ten contaminated. Eight cases were performed under emergency conditions. Wound-related morbidity occurred in five @entity1 (21%) and in all but one was limited to @entity2688 and minor wound @entity281 . Three @entity1 died, but in all cases @entity204 was unrelated to the surgical procedure. No @entity1 required mesh removal. One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity547 after parastomal repair. Placement of permanent mesh prostheses in clean-contaminated and contaminated operative fields can be performed with minimal wound-related morbidity and @entity1 mortality. Utilization of permanent mesh in these wounds is associated with a low incidence of @entity547 recurrence and eliminates the need for further surgery.

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX repair in clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal procedures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia type']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturator hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['prosthetic hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because there are no epidemiologic data regarding the frequency of @entity3681 ( @entity571 ) in a general population, we sought to analyze this disabling condition in a large, well-characterized, community-based cohort of older individuals. METHODS: Cross-sectional data, including ankle radiographs, were from the most recent data collection (2013-2015) of the Johnston County @entity571 Project. Radiographic ankle @entity571 (rAOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence @entity625 grading scale of >=  2 on weight-bearing lateral and mortise radiographs. The presence of @entity158 , @entity158 , or stiffness in the ankles as well as history of @entity3681 (limiting ability to walk for at least 2 days) were assessed. Chi-square statistics (categorical variables) and Student t tests (continuous variables) were used to compare all @entity1 characteristics by rAOA status. Joint-based logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of rAOA and covariates of interest [age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, ankle symptoms, and injury history]. RESULTS: Of 864 @entity1 with available data, 68% were @entity1 , 34% were African American, with a mean age of 72 years and BMI of 31 kg/m(2). Nearly 7% of this sample had rAOA. Increasing age, high BMI, history of @entity3681 , and presence of ankle symptoms were all independently associated with greater odds of having rAOA; no significant differences were seen by sex or race. CONCLUSION: The frequency of rAOA was higher than estimates generally quoted in the literature. While injury was an important contributor, other factors such as age, BMI, and symptoms were also significantly associated with rAOA.

title: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Radiographic @entity3681 Frequency and Associated Factors: The Johnston County XXXX Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injury', 'ankle osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming an increasingly popular form of bariatric surgery, accounting for more than 50% of these procedures performed in the USA. Given this popularity, more is being understood about the complications associated with LSG, which, though uncommon, include the formation of strictures and @entity850 . The purpose of this study is to establish a safe and effective protocol for the treatment of @entity850 post-LSG using @entity384 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective review of 26 @entity1 who had undergone LSG in Kuwait, followed by @entity850 ( @entity850 ) and were then referred to Amiri Hospital for @entity384 from October 2008 up to June 2016. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 (four males; 22 females) presented with symptoms of @entity850 post-LSG during the study period. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.6      10.8  years. The mean body mass index at the time of surgery was 43      1.6  kg/m(2). The median interval from the initial LSG surgery was 95  days. Nine @entity1 had an early presentation (<= 3  months from surgery), while 17 presented late (>3  months). The @entity1 were followed for a mean duration of 156      20  days from the last @entity384 . A total of 23 (88.5%) @entity1 had complete resolution of their symptoms. Adverse events were observed in one @entity1 , who was removed from the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 is a rare but potentially serious complication of LSG. Serial dilatation of @entity850 employing @entity661 is a safe method of treatment, with high efficacy rates. This new method may offer a less invasive alternative to surgical revision. However, if endoscopic treatment fails, surgery is necessary.

title: Endoscopic management of post-laparoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloons']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['SGS', 'sleeve gastrectomy stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['sleeve gastrectomy stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity and @entity137 of a combined regimen of @entity1945 and @entity900 in "sensitive" (s) and "refractory" (r) @entity151 ( @entity151 ) @entity1 treated previously. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with measurable @entity151 and @entity74 after one first-line regimen were eligible for the study. @entity1 were enrolled in two separate groups: r group ( @entity1 who failed first-line treatment <3 months from treatment discontinuation) and s group ( @entity1 who responded to first-line treatment and progressed >or=3 months after treatment discontinuation). @entity900 was given i.v. at the dose of 60 mg/m(2) on day 1, and @entity1945 was administered as a daily i.v. infusion at the dose of 0.75 mg/m(2) from day 1 to 5, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 110 eligible (68 s and 42 r) @entity1 were enrolled from 24 institutions. The main @entity1 characteristics were as follows: median age 60 (s) and 55 (r) years, median performance status 1 for both (s) and (r). Seventy-four percent (s) and 67% (r) had extensive stage disease, including 22% and 36%, respectively, with brain metastases. A total of 398 chemotherapy courses were administered [median 4 (s) and 3 (r) per @entity1 ]. The most frequent and serious @entity137 was myelosuppression. Grade IV @entity1398 occurred in 62% (s) and 49% (r) of @entity1 , with a 19% (s) and 15% (r) incidence of @entity1398 , and grade IV @entity882 in 54% (s) and 44% (r). Most of these @entity137 occurred during the first chemotherapy course and led to @entity1945 dose reduction and/or delay in the following courses. Grade III-IV nonhematological @entity137 was uncommon. Five deaths possibly related to @entity137 occurred among s @entity1 only. Objective responses have been documented in 20 s @entity1 , 19 partial responses and 1 complete response, (29.4% response rate; 95% confidence interval, 19-42), whereas, among r @entity1 , 10 partial responses have been observed (23.8% response rate; 95% confidence interval, 12-39). Median survival for s and r was 6.4 and 6.1 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity900 and @entity1945 , at this dose and schedule, shows activity and promising results in @entity1 with refractory @entity151 , with reversible myelosuppression being the main side effect. Additional development of this regimen, using better-tolerated schedules, is warranted in @entity1 with refractory @entity151 .

title: European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) 08957 phase II study of XXXX in combination with @entity900 as second-line treatment of refractory and @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: A survey of dermatophytes isolated from @entity1 seeking medical advice was made from 1985 to 1987 in the United States. The survey included 54 locations with data from 45 cities and one state. Listing of the isolated dermatophytes and the frequency given by percentage of the total follows: @entity12734 54.8%, T. tonsurans 31.3%, @entity12736 6.0%, @entity14476 4.0%, @entity15528 2.0%, @entity14955 0.6%, and @entity12735 0.2%. Out of a total of 14,696 isolates M. audouinii was cultured 13 times, T. violaceum 12 times, @entity59488 6 times, T. terrestre 4 times, and T. soudanense twice. Single isolations were made of M. fulvum, M. ferrugineum and T. schoenleinii. Collection of dermatophyte data in Tucson, Arizona, began in 1966. In 1987, the first case of @entity3100 caused by T. tonsurans was observed. Other isolates of this organism as the cause of @entity3100 were made in this city during that year. These infections were in black @entity1 . With the recent growth of Tucson, the percentage of blacks in the population increased and this pathogen was introduced into the general population.

title: A survey of dermatophytes from XXXX @entity1 in the United States from 1985 to 1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum canis']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity15528 :: ('34391', 'Species') :: ['Epidermophyton floccosum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Effluents from sewage treatment plants contain a mixture of micropollutants with the potential of harming aquatic organisms. Thus, addition of advanced treatment techniques to complement existing conventional methods has been proposed. Some of the advanced techniques could, however, potentially produce additional compounds affecting exposed organisms by unknown modes of action. In the present study the aim was to improve our understanding of how exposure to different sewage effluents affects fish. This was achieved by explorative microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of hepatic gene expression, as well as relative organ sizes of @entity5660 exposed to different sewage effluents (conventionally treated, granular activated @entity505 , ozonation (5 or 15 mg/L), 5 mg/L @entity1787 plus a moving bed biofilm reactor, or UV-light treatment in combination with @entity273 ). Exposure to the conventionally treated effluent caused a significant increase in liver and heart somatic indexes, an effect removed by all other treatments. Genes connected to xenobiotic metabolism, including cytochrome p450 1A, were differentially expressed in the fish exposed to the conventionally treated effluents, though only effluent treatment with granular activated @entity505 or @entity1787 at 15 mg/L completely removed this response. The mRNA expression of @entity1457 protein 70 kDa was induced in all three groups exposed to @entity1787 -treated effluents, suggesting some form of added stress in these fish. The induction of @entity172 -responsive genes in the fish exposed to the conventionally treated effluent was effectively reduced by all investigated advanced treatment technologies, although the moving bed biofilm reactor was least efficient. Taken together, granular activated @entity505 showed the highest potential of reducing responses in fish induced by exposure to sewage effluents.

title: Global hepatic gene expression in XXXX exposed to sewage effluents: a comparison of different sewage treatment technologies.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity19998 ( @entity19998 ) has often been misdiagnosed as one of the @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ). METHODS: To define the clinical and pathological characteristics of chronic @entity19998 , 26 @entity1 with chronic @entity19998 from whom a surgical lung biopsy specimen was taken between October 1992 and June 2001 were evaluated. The histopathological characteristics of the surgical lung biopsy specimens were examined and correlations between the histopathology and clinical characteristics were analysed. The quality of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes was expressed according to the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of @entity16058 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity3616 ( @entity3616 )-like lesions, five as having cellular @entity401 ( @entity401 )-like lesions, and eight as having @entity401 . The other 11 @entity1 were considered to have @entity2416 ( @entity2416 )-like lesions because of the temporal heterogeneous appearances of the fibrotic changes. However, @entity82 in these @entity1 had developed in centrilobular as well as perilobular areas, suggestive of @entity56 . Nineteen @entity1 ( @entity19 %) had multinucleated giant cells, often with @entity165 clefts, while only five @entity1 (19.2%) had @entity738 . @entity1 with @entity3616 -like or cellular @entity401 -like lesions tended to have recurrent acute episodes, whereas @entity1 with @entity2416 -like lesions had an insidious onset. @entity1 with @entity3616 -like or cellular @entity401 -like lesions had a more favourable outcome than those with @entity401 . CONCLUSIONS: The qualities of chronic inflammatory and @entity75 vary significantly among @entity1 with chronic @entity19998 but correlate with clinical features and prognosis.

title: Chronic @entity19998 : histopathological and clinical correlation. An application of the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'IIPs']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity19998 :: ('MESH:D001716', 'Disease') :: ["bird fancier's lung", 'BFL']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['BOOP', 'bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic NSIP-like and UIP-like lesions', 'NSIP', 'fibrotic NSIP-like lesions', 'non-specific interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of @entity12824 ( @entity3827 ) on @entity1732 (BLC)-induced @entity651 in @entity35 . @entity35 were assigned into groups as follows: control group; @entity3827 group, 20 mg/kg @entity3827 was given intraperitoneal for 29 days; BLC-1 and BLC-2 groups, a single intratracheal injection of BLC (2.5 mg/kg); @entity3827 +BLC-preventive group, 20 mg/kg @entity3827 was administered 12 h before the intratracheal BLC injection and continued for 14 days; BLC+ @entity3827 -treatment group, 20 mg/kg @entity3827 was given on the 14th day after the intratracheal BLC injection and continued to sacrifice. The BLC-1 group was sacrificed on the 14th day of BLC administration to validate BLC-induced @entity55 and @entity82 on the 14th of study initiation. All other groups were sacrificed on the 29th day after BLC administration. The semiquantitative histopathological assessment, tissue levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ), @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), total antioxidant capacity, @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. An addition to the serum @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ), the cell count and cytokines ( @entity3426 , @entity568 , and IL-8) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assayed. BLC-provoked histological changes were significantly detected compared to the control group. @entity3827 restored these histological damages in different quantity in the treatment and prevention groups. BLC caused a significant decrease in @entity2197 , @entity12609 , and GPX, which were accompanied with significantly the increased @entity1865 , @entity66 levels, and OSI in the lung tissue concomitant with increased levels of the cellular account and proinflammatory cytokines in the BAL fluid. Otherwise, @entity3827 administration, both before and after BLC, reversed all biochemical markers and cytokine as well as histopathological changes induced by BLC. Interestingly, @entity3827 treatment reversed @entity1589 activity in serum increased by BLC. In this study, both protective and therapeutic effects of @entity3827 against BLC-induced lung @entity82 were demonstrated for the first time.

title: Protective and Therapeutic Effect of @entity12824 on XXXX -Induced Lung Fibrosis in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione', 'glutathione']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['Bleomycin']


abstract: The feeding of @entity165 to @entity35 resulted in marked alterations in the type and distribution of the plasma lipoproteins and their apoproteins. The @entity5522 was characterized by an increase in the d < 1.006 lipoproteins (B-VLDL and VLDL), an increase in the intermediate and low density lipoproteins (LDL), and the appearance of HDL(c). Associated with these lipoproteins was a prominence of the @entity369 -rich apoprotein. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) were decreased. A two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic procedure was adapted to quantitate the changes in distribution of the @entity369 -rich apoprotein in the plasma and various ultracentrifugal fractions obtained from control and @entity165 -fed @entity35 . In @entity35 fed the @entity165 diet, the total plasma @entity369 -rich apoprotein increased from a control value of approximately 29 mg/dl to 47 mg/dl. The method of ultracentrifugation, however, was found to markedly alter the quantitative results. When the 60 Ti rotor was used at maximum speed to isolate the ultracentrifugal fractions, less than 50% of the total plasma @entity369 -rich apoprotein was associated with the lipoproteins in the d < 1.006 or the d 1.006-1.02, 1.02-1.063, or 1.063-1.21 ultracentrifugal fractions. By contrast, after limited ultracentrifugation with the 40 rotor, much less @entity369 -rich apoprotein was lost, with approximately 20% of the @entity369 -rich apoprotein in control @entity35 and 10% in @entity165 -fed @entity35 found in the d > 1.21 fraction. Significant alterations in the @entity369 -rich apoprotein quantitation notwithstanding, the observations of increased @entity369 -rich apoprotein in the B-VLDL, intermediate fraction, and HDL(c) following @entity165 feeding remained valid. However, precise quantitation awaits refinements in lipoprotein isolation techniques.

title: Alterations of the plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins following @entity165 feeding in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity57129 channels constitute a subgroup of non-selective, @entity460 -permeable cation channels within the TRP superfamily that are activated by products of phospholipase C-mediated breakdown of @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ). A number of ion channels, including other members of the TRP superfamily, are regulated directly by @entity1078 . However, there is little information on the regulation of the TRPC channel subfamily by PIP(2). Pretreatment of @entity31768 -expressing cells with a drug that blocks the synthesis of @entity17420 inhibited the ability of the synthetic @entity2366 , @entity6165 , to activate @entity31768 . In excised patches, @entity31768 channels were robustly activated by application of PIP(2) or @entity855 , but not by @entity671 . Similar results were obtained with @entity18811 and @entity6946 , although the effects of @entity1078 were somewhat less and with @entity6946 there was no significant effect of @entity855 . In the cell-attached configuration, @entity31768 channels could be activated by the synthetic @entity2366 analog, @entity6165 . However, this lipid mediator did not activate @entity31768 channels in excised patches. In addition, channel activation by PIP(2) in excised patches was significantly greater than that observed with @entity6165 in the cell-attached configuration. These findings reveal complex regulation of TRPC channels by lipid mediators. The results also reveal for the first time direct activation by PIP(2) of members of the TRPC ion channel subfamily.

title: Complex regulation of the @entity6946 , 6 and 7 channel subfamily by XXXX and @entity1078 .

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate', 'PIP(2)']

entities_list: @entity6165 :: ('MESH:C038237', 'Chemical') :: ['oleyl-acetyl glycerol']

entities_list: @entity17420 :: ('MESH:D018129', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphosphoinositides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2366 :: (CHEBI:41847,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerol']


abstract: 1. The effect of dietary change on @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ) exhibiting high in vitro erythrocyte haemolysis, @entity272 and @entity1665 was investigated. 2. The experimental diet was low in lipid, high in @entity270 and was devoid of n-3 long chain @entity1474 . 3. There were significant increases in the concentrations of plasma @entity1881 ( @entity270 ) (P less than 0.05), all-trans @entity904 ( @entity904 ) (P less than 0.001) and total lipid (P less than 0.025), and a reduction in fibrinogen (P less than 0.02) concentration and neutrophil count (P less than 0.02). 4. Moreover, the mean in vitro erythrocyte haemolysis declined from an initial value of 64% to less than 2%, and there was a regression of @entity272 and @entity1665 with complete fur regrowth. 5. The amelioration of the conditions appear to be due to high circulating @entity270 which provided protection against oxidative stress, and the correction of membrane n-6:n-3 balance.

title: The effect of dietary change on in vitro erythrocyte haemolysis, XXXX and @entity1665 in @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ).

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus', 'common marmosets']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: @entity10926 ( @entity10926 ) is the most common cause of @entity18721 , acute and fatal @entity11410 . A pronounced mortality and morbidity remains in @entity10926 despite antiviral treatment. There is evidence of a vigorous intrathecal immune activity in acute phases of @entity10926 and of persistently increased activity at follow-ups after years. The role of apoptosis of neuronal cells in @entity10926 @entity1 as a mechanism of damage has been brought up lately. We hypothesize that the severity and the progression of the @entity131 resulting from @entity10926 can be evaluated by quantitative measurement of a compartment of immune activation molecules i.e. soluble Fas (sFas) involved in apoptosis through the Fas/Fas Ligand pathway. Consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a prospectively followed cohort, included in an antiviral treatment trial in @entity10926 , were enrolled for quantitative measurement of sFas using commercial capture ELISA. In total, CSF samples from 49 @entity1 with @entity10926 , 63 @entity1 with non- @entity10926 @entity198 and 18 healthy individuals were studied. High levels of sFas were expressed in CSF samples collected between days 0-45 after neurological onset in 41/49 (84%) @entity10926 @entity1 , whereas only 21/63 (33%) of non- @entity10926 @entity1 and none of 18 healthy controls demonstrated measurable levels of sFas. Following the consecutive CSF sFas levels over the time and considering the clinical state of @entity1 at admission, their neurological or lethal outcome at 12 months, and antiviral treatment, we observed that @entity10926 @entity1 with severe neurological sequels revealed an increase in changes of CSF sFas as compared to @entity1 with mild or moderate neurological outcome (57.6+/-55.6 pg/ml, n=10 versus 26.3+/-97.5 pg/ml, n=14; P=0.008). Also @entity10926 @entity1 undergoing vidarabine treatment expressed significantly higher levels of changes of CSF sFas when compared to @entity1033 -treated @entity1 (63.7+/-52.8 pg/ml, n=9 versus 26.1+/-98.4 pg/ml, n=14; P=0.003). Interestingly, regardless of the clinical state at admission, and subsequent disease progression of the @entity10926 @entity1 , we could not observe any significant differences in the CSF sFas levels during the first 7 days of @entity16 . These observations underline the role of immunological response throughout the course of @entity281 in the brain and the role of the Fas/ @entity12 pathway in particular in disease progression of @entity10926 . The findings further enforce the need of expanding the knowledge of the pathogenesis of @entity10926 to direct to more effective, in particular not only antiviral but also anti-apoptotic or anti-inflammatory treatment.

title: Modulation of sFas indicates apoptosis in XXXX herpes simplex @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity18721 :: ('MESH:D016751', 'Disease') :: ['non-epidemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infection']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex encephalitis', 'HSE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vertebrobasilar nonsaccular @entity438 (VBNIA) are characterized by dilatation, elongation, and tortuosity of the vertebrobasilar system. METHODS: The medical records and imaging of @entity1 with @entity439 or dolichoectasia between 1989 and 2001 were reviewed. Prospective follow-up was obtained. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 were identified (74% male) with 719 @entity1 years of follow-up. Presenting events included: @entity548 (3%), @entity63 (28%), and compression (22%). The remainder were incidental. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year risk of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) due toVBNIA is 2.7, 11.3, and 15.9% respectively. The risk of recurrent @entity385 is 6.7% per @entity1 year. Median survival was 7.8 years and @entity204 was most commonly due to @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: VBNIA are more common in @entity1 and typically present in the 6-7th decade. Recurrent @entity385 is more common than @entity548 risk.

title: The natural history of radiographically defined vertebrobasilar nonsaccular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity9136 ( @entity9136 ) 1 have poor outcomes. Ultrafiltration (UF) is used to mechanically remove salt and water in @entity712 @entity1 with diuretic resistance. However, little is known about the outcomes of @entity712 @entity1 on inotropes and/or vasopressors who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for both UF and solute clearance in severe @entity810 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 37 consecutive critically ill @entity1 who were admitted for @entity712 from 2005-13 and were on inotropes and/or vasopressors at the time of CRRT initiation. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality rate was 62%. Median survival was 15.5 days after CRRT initiation, and 10 months following hospital discharge. When comparing renal and cardiovascular variables for survivors and non-survivors at baseline, admission and CRRT initiation, survivors were less likely to need vasopressors. After controlling for multiple predictors, vasopressor use remained associated with time to @entity204 (HR 9.9; 95% CI 2.3-43.3; P = 0.002). @entity1 with isolated @entity67 had an in-hospital mortality of 45% compared with 69% in those with @entity1002 (P = 0.27). Age of >70 years was associated with 100% in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Rescue therapy using CRRT in refractory @entity8945 was associated with high in-hospital mortality, especially when vasopressors were used and when @entity1 age exceeded 70 years. Additionally, survivors had a poor long-term prognosis.

title: Assessing continuous renal replacement therapy as a rescue strategy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated heart failure', 'ADHF']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity9136 :: (MESH:D059347,Disease) :: ['cardiorenal syndrome 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The uncertainty surrounding the role of @entity3069 @entity3068 (Map) in @entity30 has been compounded by possible contamination from Map present in the lumen microflora. This study used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Map DNA in subepithelial @entity738 , isolated from 15 surgically resected, formalin fixed specimens of granulomatous @entity30 and from 12 @entity738 controls (10 bowel, 2 non-bowel). METHODS: The effect of amplicon size on reliability of PCR from formalin fixed samples was examined by amplifying 435 bp and 133 bp sequences of the @entity1 @entity1412 gene. After this, nested primers were designed to detect a small fragment (155 bp) of the Map specific IS900 gene in @entity30 . LCM isolated @entity738 from Map culture positive @entity291 intestine was used as positive control. PCR product specificity was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The smaller, but not the larger, fragment of the @entity1412 gene amplified reliably in all samples. Amplification of the 155 bp fragment of the IS900 gene detected Map DNA in microdissected @entity30 in 6 of 15 cases, and in 0 of 12 disease control @entity738 . CONCLUSIONS: LCM can be used to detect Map DNA in @entity738 in a proportion of @entity1 with @entity30 . However, @entity406 fixation requires that comparatively short DNA fragments of the Map specific IS900 gene be targeted, to permit consistent detection. Detection of Map DNA within @entity738 might suggest an infectious aetiology in a subset of @entity1 ; alternatively, a transmissible agent may not be involved but mycobacterial DNA may influence pathogenesis by modifying the local cytokine responses.

title: PCR detection of XXXX @entity3068 in @entity30 isolated by laser capture microdissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's granulomas", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium']


abstract: Autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway that mediates the delivery of cytoplasmic substrates to the lysosome for degradation. Impaired autophagic function is implicated in the pathology of various @entity179 . We have generated transgenic @entity2199 that express @entity1 @entity477 (Abeta) in order to examine the mechanism(s) of @entity137 . In this model, Abeta expression causes autophagosome accumulation, thereby mimicking a pathology found in brains of @entity195 @entity1 . Furthermore, we demonstrate that decreased insulin-receptor signaling [using the @entity7625 (e1370) mutation] suppresses Abeta-induced @entity912 by a mechanism that requires autophagy. Surprisingly, the @entity7625 mutation also decreases Abeta-induced autophagosome accumulation. These observations can be explained by a model in which decreased insulin-receptor signaling promotes the maturation of autophagosomes into degradative autolysosomes, whereas Abeta impairs this process. Consistent with this model, we find that RNAi-mediated knock-down of lysosomal components results in enhanced @entity137 and autophagosome accumulation. Also, Abeta; @entity7625 (e1370) @entity2199 contain more lysosomes than either Abeta or control strains. Finally, we demonstrate that decreased insulin-receptor signaling promotes the autophagic degradation of Abeta.

title: Decreased insulin-receptor signaling promotes the autophagic degradation of @entity477 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'C. elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Abeta-toxicity']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['beta-amyloid peptide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']