abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7252 is an uncommon cause of @entity360 . The etiology is diverse, but most often, it is iatrogenic. The present study aims to reassess the clinical picture and the treatment of choice. METHODS: We describe a case series from a single center of @entity1 who presented with nontraumatic @entity7252 . RESULTS: Over a period of 8 years, @entity7252 occurred in 12 @entity1 : following liver biopsy in six @entity1 and after endoscopic biliary interventions in four @entity1 , with a respective prevalence of 0.1 and 0.04%. The clinical presentation was characterized by an upper @entity360 (n=11) and/or biochemical signs of @entity2459 (n=9). The onset of the symptoms occurred after a median of 6 days (range: 1-23). Ultrasound and computed tomography scan missed the diagnosis in, respectively, 4/5 and 2/5 of @entity1 . On arteriography, @entity2849 (6/12) was the most common finding. Transcatheter @entity1416 controlled the bleeding in all cases (12/12) without major complications. CONCLUSION: The delay between the intervention and the clinical presentation and the fact that imaging studies may fail to diagnose @entity7252 may mislead the physician. Transcatheter @entity1416 is the treatment of choice for @entity7252 . It has proven to be effective and safe and it offers a long-term definitive cure.

title: Transcatheter @entity1416 for XXXX is a safe and effective procedure: case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic hemobilia', 'hemobilia', 'Hemobilia']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity7252 :: (MESH:D006431,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic hemobilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity989 (CSC) is a vision-threatening @entity2194 for which there is still no approved treatment. Recent studies suggest that the corticosteroid pathway in the choroid is implicated in CSC pathogenesis, and that therapy with the @entity1369 antagonist @entity14292 improves clinical outcomes. However, there is still little clinical data to support this hypothesis. We performed a retrospective chart review to further investigate the clinical value of @entity14292 treatment in @entity1 with chronic CSC and to identify possible response predictors. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with chronic CSC resistant to conventional therapy over at least 4  months were included in this retrospective study. @entity1 were initially treated with 25  mg/day of @entity14292 administered orally for 1 week, followed by a sustained daily dose of 50  mg. The primary outcome measure was percentage of eyes achieving complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF), recorded by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Secondary outcomes included changes in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Baseline SD-OCT images were also evaluated as possible predictors of treatment response. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 experienced complete resolution of SRF after a median of 106  days of treatment, while 33  % of @entity1 showed a transient initial decrease in SRF, and 25  % failed to respond to treatment. Treatment had to be stopped in 13  % of @entity1 because of adverse effects of the @entity14292 treatment. In the study population, @entity1020 decreased from 342 to 275   m after treatment, which was associated with a modest improvement in mean BCVA from 0.35 to 0.3 logMar. The integrity of the ellipsoid zone and the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) at baseline were associated with a tendency towards a favourable visual outcome. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the proposed clinical value of @entity14292 for treating @entity1 with therapy-resistant CSC. However, @entity1 presenting widespread @entity989 changes are less likely to benefit from @entity14292 treatment, which may argue for an earlier intervention. Larger studies are needed to characterise @entity1 subgroups that may benefit the most from @entity14292 treatment.

title: Clinical experience with XXXX to treat @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity14292 :: (MESH:C414690,Chemical) :: ['eplerenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a quality of life (QOL) survey for use in a @entity235 @entity5 chemotherapy setting, validate the instrument's utility, identify key questions that facilitate client and clinician communication regarding decisions in @entity1 care, and use @entity1 and veterinary QOL literature to develop a comprehensive yet simple proxy survey instrument. DESIGN: Survey. ANIMALS: 29 @entity235 chemotherapy @entity1 . PROCEDURES: @entity1 were evaluated by both owners and veterinarians at the time of initial visit to the clinic and at 3 and 6 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy. This survey consisted of a longitudinal evaluation of QOL with 6 components addressing the animal's QOL retrospectively, before onset of @entity5 ; changes in the animal's QOL since manifestation of disease; changes in the animal's QOL with regard to treatment response; owner's QOL and its impact on priorities in decision making; clinician's impression of the owner's priorities and QOL; and clinician's impression of the @entity235 's QOL. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis indicated 3 significant predictors of @entity235 @entity5 @entity1 QOL to be @entity146 , signs of illness, and @entity235 happiness as perceived by owners. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The QOL instrument was easy to use and enhanced client perception of @entity1 care and clinician concern. Owners enjoyed the opportunity to complete the survey. Since questions regarding @entity146 , clinical signs of disease, and @entity235 happiness were significant indicators of changes in QOL, these should be included in future studies. Quality of life assessment may facilitate treatment decisions and assessment of @entity235 @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy.

title: Development of a survey instrument to assess health-related quality of life in small animal XXXX @entity1 treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['play behaviors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The most conserved part of the vertebrate dopaminergic system is the @entity39109 ( @entity39109 )-expressing diencephalic neuronal population that constitutes the dopaminergic diencephalospinal tract ( @entity318 ). Although studies in the neonatal @entity19 spinal cord in vitro suggest an early locomotor role of the @entity318 , the function of the @entity318 in developing vertebrates in vivo remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the @entity318 in the locomotor development of @entity3392 larvae. To assess the development of the behavioral and neural locomotor pattern, we used high-throughput video tracking in combination with peripheral nerve recordings. We found a behavioral and neural correspondence in the developmental switch from an immature to mature locomotor pattern. Blocking endogenous @entity935 receptor 4 (D(4)R) signaling in vivo either before or after the developmental switch prevented or reversed the switch, respectively. Spinal transections of post-switch larvae reestablished the immature locomotor pattern, which was rescued to a mature-like pattern via spinal D(4)R agonism. Selective chemogenetic ablation of @entity39109 (otpb) neurons that contribute to the @entity318 perpetuated the immature locomotor pattern in vivo. This phenotype was recapitulated by diencephalic transections that removed the dopaminergic otpb population and was rescued to a mature-like locomotor pattern by D(4)R agonism. We conclude that the dopaminergic otpb population, via the @entity318 , is responsible for spinal D(4)R signaling to mediate the developmental switch to the mature locomotor pattern of @entity3392 . These results, integrated with the @entity1 literature, suggest that the @entity318 represents an evolutionarily conserved neuromodulatory system that is necessary for normal vertebrate locomotor development.

title: The conserved dopaminergic diencephalospinal tract mediates vertebrate locomotor development in XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: A 47-year-old male @entity1 with @entity7160 @entity1 -Pugh grade C was admitted to our center for evaluation of liver transplantation. Serum @entity1011 had increased from 1.6 to 4.3 mg/100 ml within the previous two weeks, @entity1011 clearance was 12 ml/min, and urinary @entity1372 12 mmol/24 h. The diagnosis of @entity9719 was established. Diuretic treatment was discontinued. Following albumin infusion, central venous pressure was increased to above 10 cm @entity2507 and @entity935 (2 micrograms/kg/min) infusion was started. However, renal function did not improve. An i.v. infusion of @entity19655 (POR8, Sandoz; 6 IU/h) was started and @entity935 infusion continued. During a four-hour interval, urinary volume and @entity1372 excretion doubled. Therefore treatment was continued for three weeks. After 22 days, renal function had normalized ( @entity1011 1.2 mg/100 ml, @entity1011 clearance 65 ml/min, urinary @entity1372 62 mmol/24 h) and diuretic therapy was resumed. No adverse effects were observed. @entity19655 / @entity935 infusion was discontinued and renal function remained normal. Three weeks later, the @entity1 underwent liver transplantation with normal renal function. @entity19655 infusion had no effect on circulating endothelin, but decreased the activation of the @entity916 - @entity1369 system and of the sympathetic activity. So far, no noninvasive therapy of @entity3182 has been established. This is the first report of successful medical treatment of @entity9719 with a three-week infusion of the vasopressin-l-receptor agonist @entity19655 .

title: [Successful conservative therapy of @entity3182 with vasopressin-1-receptor antagonist XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity19655 :: ('MESH:D009951', 'Chemical') :: ['ornipressin', 'Ornipressin']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity19655 :: (MESH:D009951,Chemical) :: ['ornipressin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A major problem encountered during oral @entity205 (CsA) administration to prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is its irregular pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Neoral, a new water-free microemulsion formulation of CsA. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 aged over 18 were enrolled into the study. When able to eat normally after allo-BMT, @entity1 received CsA orally and after 4 days a 12-hour CsA pharmacokinetic profile was constructed. Three @entity1 received @entity205 10 mg/kg/day, 5 @entity1 received Neoral 7.5 mg/kg/day and 10 @entity1 Neoral 5 mg/kg/day. @entity870 concentration was analyzed on whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Neoral showed concentration-time profiles characterized by a smooth and faster rise to the Cmax value compared to that produced by Sandimmune. The comparison between pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in @entity1 receiving Neoral 5 mg/kg/day or 7.5 mg/kg/day showed a proportional increase of the AUC (4776+/-1084 vs. 7746+/-2006 ng/mL h) and C(max) (1027+/-203 vs. 1514+/-231 ng/mL). In all @entity1 to whom 7.5 mg/kg/day of Neoral were given, C(trough) levels were always above the threshold of 200 ng/mL. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that oral administration of Neoral 7.5 mg/kg/day early after allo-BMT may represent an appropriate dose resulting in adequate CsA C(trough) levels without significant @entity8 .

title: Pharmacokinetic study of the new XXXX -A formulation (Neoral) in adult allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandimmune', 'cyclosporin-A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host-disease']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: We describe the results of 76 total arthroplasties of the hip for stage-III or stage-IV @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . Harris Galante Porous cups were used in 63 @entity1 between 1986 and 1994 and followed prospectively. We reviewed 70 hips with a follow-up of more than five years (mean 7.6). At the latest review the mean Harris Hip Score had improved from a preoperative value of 29 +/- 14.7 to 94 +/- 6.8. Radiologically, there was no evidence of acetabular migration. The rate of revision for the femoral component was 8.6%, three being undertaken for loosening and three to allow downsizing of the @entity2738 . The rate of revision for the acetabular component was 7.1% (five cups). At the time of revision none of the cups was clinically loose, and only required the liner to be changed. The rate of complications was low with no case of deep @entity281 or dislocation, but nine of the 76 hips (11.8%) showed grade-III @entity2736 . Previous studies of @entity1 undergoing cemented total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of advanced @entity2530 have indicated a high incidence of loosening of the acetabular component. Our findings show good medium-term results using the Harris Galante Porous cup for acetabular reconstruction, together with a variety of cemented femoral components, for the treatment of this difficult problem.

title: Harris Galante cementless acetabular replacement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['avascular necrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of @entity6219 plus pemetrexed in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . METHODS: This dose-escalation study used a standard 3 + 3 design to evaluate once daily @entity6219 (400-800 mg) plus pemetrexed (400-500 mg/m(2) on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle). Eight additional @entity1 were enrolled into an expansion cohort. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled. @entity6219 800 mg plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) was the MTD. The most common adverse events at all dose levels included @entity1295 , @entity1398 , @entity294 , and @entity882 . The frequencies of non-hematologic adverse events were consistent with those of the individual agents. The rates of all-grade and Grade 4 @entity1503 (reversible @entity1398 with median duration of 4 days) were higher with the combination regimen than with either monotherapy. Exploratory analyses revealed no association between the plasma levels of 3 biomarkers of @entity2186 metabolism ( @entity3959 , @entity1255 , and @entity15744 ) and the risk of Grade 4 @entity1398 and Grade 3 @entity1398 . Of 20 @entity1 evaluated for efficacy, 2 (10 %) had a partial response. @entity6219 did not affect pemetrexed clearance, but increased pemetrexed maximal concentration by 22 %. In exploratory pharmacogenetic analyses, allelic variants of the @entity7 gene demonstrated weak correlation with development of severe @entity1398 . CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant administration of @entity6219 800 mg once daily plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) once every 21 days is feasible, albeit associated with a high frequency of brief, reversible @entity1398 . Preliminary activity was observed in @entity1149 .

title: Phase Ib trial of the oral angiogenesis inhibitor @entity6219 administered concurrently with pemetrexed in XXXX with advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib', 'Pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive @entity75 , is characterized by extensive cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and single-cell infiltration into the brain. We have previously shown that a xenograft model based on serial xenotransplantation of @entity1 biopsy spheroids in @entity465 rodents maintains the genotype and phenotype of the original @entity1 @entity5 . The present work further extends this model for optical assessment of @entity5 engraftment and growth using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). A method for successful lentiviral transduction of the firefly luciferase gene into multicellular spheroids was developed and implemented to generate optically active @entity1 @entity5 cells. Luciferase-expressing spheroids were injected into the brains of @entity465 @entity19 . BLI photon counts and @entity5 volumes from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated. Luciferase-expressing @entity5 recapitulated the histopathologic hallmarks of @entity1 GBMs and showed proliferation rates and microvessel density counts similar to those of wild-type xenografts. Moreover, we detected widespread invasion of luciferase-positive @entity5 cells in the @entity19 brains. Herein we describe a novel optically active model of GBM that closely mimics @entity1 pathology with respect to invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation indices. The model may thus be routinely used for the assessment of novel anti-GBM therapeutic approaches implementing well-established and cost-effective optical imaging strategies.

title: In vivo bioluminescence imaging validation of a XXXX biopsy-derived orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity463 multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: As a @entity9909 in T-cell activation, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) has provided the pharmacologic foundation for organ transplantation. We have previously demonstrated that @entity870 promotes trophoblast growth and invasion in vitro. Here, we further investigated the regulation of @entity870 on trophoblast migration and the intracellular signaling pathways involved. METHODS: We evaluated the migration of @entity1 primary trophoblasts by using transwell migration assay. @entity870 -mediated induction of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) was evaluated by cotransfection with luciferase reporter constructs and luciferase activity assays. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity870 -promoted migration of primary trophoblasts and the HTR8 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. @entity870 also increased NF-kB-transcriptional activity in trophoblasts in time- and dose-dependent manners. Pharmacologically inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ @entity3962 signaling with @entity5732 attenuated the @entity870 -induced cell migration and NF-kB activity in trophoblasts. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity14568 , a specific NF-kB inhibitor, inhibited the @entity870 -induced migration of trophoblasts in dose-dependent manners. Although NFAT activation by @entity1360 via @entity14855 is accompanied by increased transactivation of NF-kB, pretreatment with the NFAT inhibitor did not affect NF-kB-transcriptional activity. Interestingly, @entity1360 and @entity870 synergize to transactivate NF-kB. @entity1360 -inhibited basal migration of trophoblasts, and pretreatment with @entity870 reversed the @entity1360 -inhibited trophoblast migration. However, the NFAT inhibitor increased basal migration, but not @entity870 -induced migration, of trophoblasts. CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that both the MAPK/ERK/NF-kB pathway and @entity141 /calcineurin/NFAT pathways are involved in the @entity870 -promoted trophoblast migration. Our findings may help expand the clinical applications of this @entity74 .

title: XXXX promotes in vitro migration of @entity1 first-trimester trophoblasts via MAPK/ERK1/2-mediated NF-kB and @entity141 /calcineurin/NFAT signaling.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['drug in trophoblast disorder']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was initiated as a consequence of a clinical observation in one hospital of several @entity1204 among users of a fixed combination of a 3-month cycle oral hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), which has been marketed in Finland since 1990. We studied whether the use of 3-month ("long") cycle HRT is accompanied by a higher risk of @entity1204 than the use of monthly cycle HRT. METHODS: A nationwide cohort of 15,956 long cycle and 78,549 monthly cycle HRT users since January 1994 was extracted from the files of the national medical reimbursement register and followed up for @entity5 incidence through the Finnish Cancer Registry up to the end of 1997. RESULTS: There were 61 cases of @entity1204 among long cycle HRT users which significantly exceeds the average incidence in the Finnish population (standardized incidence ratio (SIRlong) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.6). The SIR among users of monthly cycle HRT products (SIRmonthly) was 1.3 (1.1-1.6) and the ratio SIRlong/SIRmonthly thus 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1). @entity1204 among long cycle HRT users occur more often in early stages than in the general population and are more often highly differentiated. A survey of a sample of @entity1204 @entity1 in the long cycle HRT group revealed that all of them also had a history of other HRT. Users of both long and monthly cycle HRT had a similar statistically significant 30% excess of @entity0 in comparison to national incidence rates, while the incidence of @entity694 was decreased in both groups. There was no difference between the HRT groups in overall @entity5 morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that all HRT users have an increased risk of @entity1204 , and long cycle HRT carries a higher relative risk than monthly cycle HRT. However, in this non-randomized setting it is impossible to judge whether this excess is attributable to the type of HRT or to @entity1 selection. In-depth studies are needed to find out possible dose-response associations and to evaluate the role of potential confounders in detail.

title: Incidence of XXXX among @entity1 using long versus monthly cycle hormonal replacement therapy, Finland 1994-1997.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas', 'Endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is thought to be a multistage process involving alterations to several types of genes, including oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes. This study examined the associations between allelic deletions of chromosome 17p in the region of the @entity876 gene and @entity984 gene mutation and survival among @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: Resected specimens from 233 @entity1 were examined. Point mutation of codon 12 of @entity984 was assessed using a modified polymerase chain reaction method. Allelic deletion of 17p was demonstrated by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with the marker Mfd144. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity5 (24%) showed somatic point mutation of codon 12 of @entity984 and 86 @entity5 (37%) showed LOH of Mfd144. There were 107 @entity5 (46%) with either @entity984 mutation or LOH and 18 @entity5 (8%) with both. Compared with @entity1 with neither alteration, significantly poorer survival was experienced only by those with both alterations (P = 0.015). However, when this variable was introduced into a multivariate analysis controlling for the @entity1 's age and @entity5 stage, it failed to show a statistically significant independent effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Point mutation of @entity984 and LOH of Mfd144 in @entity14 does not add to the prognostic information already available from clinicopathological staging.

title: XXXX mutation and loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 17p and survival in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: We developed tests of sperm-oocyte interaction: sperm-zona binding, zona-induced acrosome reaction, spermzona penetration and sperm-oolemma binding, using oocytes which failed to fertilise in clinical @entity52 ( @entity52 ). Although oocyte defects contribute to failure of sperm oocyte interaction, rarely are all oocytes from one @entity1 affected. Low or zero fertilization in standard @entity52 was usually caused by @entity6847 . Poor sperm-zona pellucida binding was frequently associated with failure of standard @entity52 and obvious defects of sperm motility or morphology. The size and shape of the acrosome is particularly important for sperm binding to the oocyte. The proportion of acrosome intact sperm in the insemination medium was related to the @entity52 rate. Inducing the acrosome reaction with a @entity460 ionophore reduced sperm-zona binding. Blocking acrosome dispersal with an acrosin inhibitor prevented spermzona penetration. Sperm-zona penetration was even more highly related to @entity52 rates than was sperm-zona binding. Some @entity1 had low or zero fertilization rates with standard @entity52 but normal sperm by conventional tests and normal sperm-zona binding. Few of their sperm underwent the acrosome reaction on the surface of the zona and none penetrated the zona. In contrast, fertilization and pregnancy rates were high with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We call this condition defective zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction. Discovery of the nature of the abnormalities in the signal transduction and effector pathways of the @entity1 zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction should result in simpler tests and treatments for the @entity1 and also provide new leads for contraceptive development.

title: The XXXX acrosome reaction.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['sperm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We examined the expression of @entity15367 metabotropic @entity2227 receptors in the retina of the @entity2083 @entity2083 . @entity15367 receptors were expressed in all retinal layers internal to the photoreceptor layer, particularly in the outer and inner nuclear layers. Although the @entity2083 brain is able to tolerate prolonged periods of @entity519 , we examined whether @entity519 could induce @entity989 . Three hours of @entity519 induced in the retina the development of apoptotic cell death, as assessed 48 h later by TUNEL staining. TUNEL-positive cells were particularly found in the inner and outer nuclear layers, and were also present in the ganglion cell layer. Pharmacological activation of @entity15367 receptors by systemic injection of @entity15366 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min before the onset of @entity519 ) substantially protected retinas against @entity519 -induced cell death. In contrast, systemic injection of the @entity15367 receptor antagonist, @entity32352 (1 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min before the onset of @entity519 ), significantly amplified cell death. Finally, as @entity15367 receptors are implicated in the control of extracellular @entity2227 concentrations, we examined the stimulation of @entity2227 release in isolated @entity2083 retinas. Depolarizing medium containing 30 mM @entity4338 led to a significant increase in @entity2227 release, which was substantially reduced by @entity15366 . We conclude that activation of @entity15367 receptors may provide a major defensive mechanism against @entity989 .

title: Pharmacological activation of XXXX metabotropic @entity2227 receptors protects retinal neurons against anoxic damage in the @entity2083 @entity2083 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage', 'ischemic/anoxic retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['goldfish', 'Carassius auratus']

answer: @entity15367 :: (108069(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mGlu2/3']


abstract: Most acinar cells and some duct cells undergo apoptosis during @entity194 of the submandibular gland. The present study was designed to elucidate whether @entity23975 ( @entity23975 ) are involved during apoptotic @entity194 of the gland. The excretory duct of the right submandibular gland of @entity35 was doubly ligated with metal clips from 1 to 14 days for induction of gland @entity194 . Control @entity35 were untreated. Fas and @entity23975 expression in the @entity194 was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western immunoblot. Expression of activated @entity12276 and activated @entity4124 was also detected with IHC. Fas-positive acinar and duct cells and @entity23975 -positive duct cells increased in the @entity3202 at 3 and 5 days after duct ligation when apoptotic cells were commonly observed. Thereafter, Fas- and @entity23975 -positive cells declined in number. Patterns of expression of Fas and @entity23975 using Western immunoblots concurred with the IHC results. Activated @entity12276 -positive cells were present at every time interval but peaked at 3 and 5 days following duct ligation. The cells showing immunoreaction for activated @entity4124 first appeared on day 3, with the peak in apoptosis, after which they decreased. The results indicate that the Fas/ @entity23975 systems likely play an important role in apoptotic pathways during @entity194 of the submandibular gland.

title: Participation of the Fas and Fas ligand systems in apoptosis during XXXX of the @entity35 submandibular glands.

entities_list: @entity23975 :: ('25385(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FasL', 'Fas and its receptor ligand']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic glands']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophied submandibular gland', 'atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the progressive refinement of endovascular techniques, fewer IAs are being treated with open microsurgery. There is limited information regarding the impact of this trend on the ability of younger neurosurgeons to achieve proficiency in the surgical management of IAs. We describe a consecutive series of @entity1 with unruptured IAs treated by a neurosurgeon initiating a dedicated cerebrovascular practice in the "endovascular era." METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all @entity1 who had undergone surgical repair of a saccular IA by one neurosurgeon upon completion of neurosurgical training in July 1997 until April 2005. @entity1 with @entity397 IAs were excluded from review. RESULTS: Of the 1450 @entity1 with IAs treated during this period, 376 underwent microsurgical repair of 450 unruptured IAs. Microsurgical @entity439 neck clipping was possible in most cases, although distal revascularization with proximal occlusion was used in many of the more complicated @entity439 . Major complications occurred in 6 (1.60%) @entity1 , and 1 (0.27%) @entity1 died. At the time of 6-month follow-up, 4 (1.06%) @entity1 were left with a new focal @entity51 related to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing role of endovascular therapy in the management of IAs, it is possible for young neurovascular surgeons to achieve acceptable results with open microsurgical treatment of IAs. The factors that were deemed important in achieving success in this series included a collaborative approach with endovascular colleagues, careful surgical judgment, continual reanalysis of personal results, and early support from experienced mentors.

title: Microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. A consecutive surgical experience consisting of 450 XXXX treated in the endovascular era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: @entity328 colonizes the @entity1 upper respiratory tract, and this asymptomatic colonization is known to precede @entity66 . In this report, chemically defined and semisynthetic media were used to identify the initial steps of biofilm formation by pneumococcus during growth on abiotic surfaces such as @entity852 or glass. Unencapsulated pneumococci adhered to abiotic surfaces and formed a three-dimensional structure about 25 microm deep, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. @entity1877 residues of cell wall @entity31121 were found to play a fundamental role in pneumococcal biofilm development. The role in biofilm formation of @entity1877 -binding proteins, which anchor to the teichoic acids of the cell envelope, was determined using unambiguously characterized mutants. The results showed that LytA amidase, LytC lysozyme, LytB glucosaminidase, CbpA adhesin, PcpA putative adhesin, and PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) mutants had a decreased capacity to form biofilms, whereas no such reduction was observed in Pce phosphocholinesterase or CbpD putative amidase mutants. Moreover, encapsulated, clinical pneumococcal isolates were impaired in their capacity to form biofilms. In addition, a role for extracellular DNA and proteins in the establishment of @entity2260 biofilms was demonstrated. Taken together, these observations provide information on conditions that favor the sessile mode of growth by @entity2260 . The experimental approach described here should facilitate the study of bacterial genes that are required for biofilm formation. Those results, in turn, may provide insight into strategies to prevent pneumococcal colonization of its @entity1 host.

title: Biofilm formation by XXXX : role of @entity1877 , extracellular DNA, and capsular polysaccharide in microbial accretion.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline', 'Choline']

entities_list: @entity31121 :: ('MESH:D013682', 'Chemical') :: ['teichoic acids']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity548 -induced immunosuppression has been linked to @entity580 . We assessed the impact of @entity13922 , a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-biased @entity1990 agonist currently used as a vaccine adjuvant in @entity1 , on post- @entity548 susceptibility to @entity281 . We used a @entity19 model of post- @entity548 @entity55 induced by @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 . @entity13922 was administered intravenously after @entity548 and before @entity55 onset. @entity548 altered survival rate, @entity358 (neutrophil accumulation, @entity4 and cytokine release) and altered the functions of dendritic and natural killer cells. Here, we show that @entity13922 decreased systemic dissemination of @entity794 and dampened @entity55 . @entity13922 partially restored the capacity for antigen presentation and the transcriptional activity in dendritic cells. @entity13922 did not restore the interferon-y mRNA but prevented @entity1618 mRNA overexpression in natural killer cells compared with untreated @entity19 . Ex vivo @entity13922 -stimulated dendritic cells or natural killer cells harvested from haemorrhaged animals were adoptively transferred into @entity19 undergoing post- @entity548 @entity55 . Stimulated dendritic cells (but not stimulated natural killer cells) improved the survival rate compared with @entity19 left untreated. In vivo depletion of natural killer cells decreased survival rate of @entity13922 -treated @entity19 . @entity14434 cells are critically involved in the beneficial effects of @entity13922 within post- @entity548 @entity55 .

title: XXXX agonist in post- @entity548 @entity55 : role of dendritic and natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity13922 :: ('MESH:C048436', 'Chemical') :: ['monophosphoryl lipid A', 'Monophosphoryl lipid A']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung lesions', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung damage']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic and natural killer']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2012 may lead to balance disturbances and fear of falling due to changes in body composition and co-morbidities. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate balance and fear of falling in acromegalic @entity1 and their relation with disease characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight acromegalic @entity1 and 41 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The median ages of the @entity1 and controls were 48 (25-75) and 50 (25-67) yr, respectively. @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and one-leg stance test (OLST) were used to compare dynamic and static balance respectively, 50 meters walking test was used to compare functional capacity and falls efficacy scale-international (FES-I) was used to compare fear of falling between the groups. RESULTS: Balance tests ( @entity2653 and 50 meter walking test) and fear of falling (FES-I) were significantly disturbed in @entity1 compared with controls. There was no significant difference in OLST. @entity2653 and OLST were negatively and FES-I was positively correlated with age. FES-I was negatively correlated with @entity2653 and OLST was positively correlated with 50 meters walking test. Only OLST was negatively correlated with disease duration. Logistic regression analysis revealed that balance was not affected by the presence of co-morbidities, postoperative @entity1018 control. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study showing that balance is disturbed in acromegalic @entity1 . This disturbance is not related to disease control and co-morbidities but somewhat to disease duration.

title: Assessment of balance performance and fear of falling in acromegalic XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['BBS', 'Berg Balance Scale']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss and disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to illustrate the features of @entity8880 on contrast-enhanced sonography. METHODS: Five cases of surgical pathologically proven @entity8880 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in this study. The 5 @entity1 studied included 3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.3 years (range, 32-66 years). All @entity1 underwent conventional and contrast-enhanced sonographic examinations before surgery. The sonographic features, enhancement pattern, and dynamic perfusion change of the @entity5 and renal parenchyma in vascular phases were evaluated and compared to computed tomography. RESULTS: On grayscale sonography, renal @entity1637 appeared as solitary hypoechoic or isoechoic masses originating from the renal cortex measuring 2 to 6 cm with a well-defined margin. Color Doppler flow imaging showed rich blood flow signals in the periphery and striplike blood flow signals within the masses. On contrast-enhanced sonography, the features of these @entity5 included @entity14782 , hyperenhancement, and fast wash-out compared to the adjacent renal cortex. There were irregular nonenhanced areas seen in the center of the masses (n = 3) and nonenhanced thin rims seen in the periphery (n = 5). Macroscopically, the well-marginated @entity5 were yellowish brown with a tender texture and were located in the renal cortex. Central irregularly shaped fibrous scars were seen in 3 @entity5 , consistent with nonenhanced areas on contrast-enhanced imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced sonography can provide valuable hemodynamic information on @entity8880 , which may help in making a differential diagnosis of this @entity703 in clinical practice.

title: XXXX : contrast-enhanced sonographic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['early enhancement']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumor']

answer: @entity8880 :: (MESH:C537750,Disease) :: ['Renal oncocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We retrospectively investigated @entity419 uptake by the primary @entity0 as a predictor for relapse and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 203 @entity1 with cT1-T3N0 @entity0 . Standardized uptake value (SUVmax), was measured on the @entity5 . After a median follow-up of 68 months (range 22-80), the relation between SUVmax and @entity5 factors, disease free-survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was investigated. RESULTS: In the PET-positive @entity1 , the median FDG uptake by the @entity5 was 4.7. FDG uptake was significantly related to @entity5 size, number of involved axillary nodes, grade, negative ER, high Ki-67 and @entity1722 overexpression. No distant @entity3 or deaths occurred in the PET-negative group. Five-year DFS was 97% and 83%, respectively in the PET-negative and PET-positive groups (P = 0.096). At univariate analysis, DFS was significantly lower in @entity1 with SUVmax >4.7 compared to the @entity1 with negative PET (P = 0.042), but not to the @entity1 with SUVmax  <=4.7 (P = 0.106). At multivariable analysis, among PET-positive @entity1 , SUVmax was not an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR(>4.7 vs  <=4.7): 1.02 (95% CI 0.45-2.31)). Five-year OS was 100% and 93%, respectively, in the PET-negative and PET-positive groups (P = 0.126). CONCLUSION: FDG uptake by the @entity75 was significantly associated with several prognostic variables, but it was not an independent prognostic factor.

title: Is @entity419 uptake by the @entity5 a prognostic factor in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the occurrence of @entity308 predicts @entity717 in older @entity1 . DESIGN: A longitudinal epidemiological study with a follow-up of 5 years. SETTING: A comparison between depressed and nondepressed @entity1 . @entity1 : The series consisted of the @entity1 who participated in the longitudinal epidemiological study on @entity308 in old age performed in Ahtari, Finland. The first round of interviews and examinations was performed in 1984/1985 and the second round in 1989/1990. The study series (N = 786) was composed of @entity1 functionally independent in activities of daily living (ADLs) during the first round and alive and participating in both rounds. MEASUREMENTS: @entity308 was determined according to DSM-III criteria. Physical functional abilities were measured with self-assessments of ability to manage ADLs. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, @entity308 at the baseline did not predict lowering of functional abilities during follow-up, but the occurrence of @entity308 with a long-term or relapsing course during follow-up and the onset of @entity308 during follow-up in @entity1 not depressed at the baseline predicted lowering of functional abilities during follow-up. The logistic regression analyses showed the presence of the following variables measured during the first round--older age, low basic education, poor self-perceived health, and occurrence of a physical disease--and the onset of the following diseases during follow-up--any physical disease, @entity16 , @entity66 , or @entity308 (in @entity1 nondepressed at the baseline)--predicted lowered functional abilities after a follow-up of 5 years. CONCLUSION: @entity308 that developed during the follow-up in previously nondepressed @entity1 was associated with an increased risk for lowering of functional abilities, even when controlling for age, sociodemographic factors, physical diseases, and baseline disabilities. Depressed older @entity1 are at high risk for @entity717 , and an individually planned program to maintain their functional abilities by training in ADLs and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and physical exercise should be included in their treatment.

title: XXXX as a predictor of @entity717 in old age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive disorder']


abstract: The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the genetic relationship between growth and carcass traits and carcass price (CaP) and profitability in Japanese Brown @entity291 , 2) to estimate economic values of carcass and growth traits as regression coefficients of price and profit traits on growth and carcass traits using a multiple regression model, and 3) to compare direct and indirect predictions of the genetic merit of profit obtained from multitrait analysis and selection index, respectively. Growth and carcass traits considered in this study were @entity7156 during the feedlot period, CWT, LM area (LMA), @entity17339 ( @entity17339 ), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), and @entity5846 ( @entity5846 ). Carcass price was evaluated as a price trait independent of its influence on profit. Profit traits were defined as 1) net income per year (PROF1), 2) net income per year/energy requirement (PROF2), and 3) net income per year minus feed costs (PROF3). Correlations between direct and indirect predictions were estimated based on EBV of sires and dams with progeny records. The heritability estimate for CaP was 0.41. The heritability estimates for profit traits were high and were 0.62, 0.66, and 0.60 for PROF1, PROF2, and PROF3, respectively. The genetic correlations between CaP and @entity7156 , CWT, LMA, @entity17339 , @entity1386 , and @entity5846 were 0.19, 0.14, 0.30, 0.38, -0.11, and 0.98, respectively. Among the profit traits, PROF1 had the greatest genetic correlations with growth and carcass traits. The correlations with @entity7156 , CWT, LMA, @entity17339 , @entity1386 , and @entity5846 were 0.30, 0.21, 0.24, 0.39, -0.01, and 0.69, respectively. These estimates indicate that use of profit traits as a selection criterion may promote desirable correlated responses in growth and carcass traits. The economic values for growth and carcass traits estimated relative to CaP and each profit trait differed because of the apparent differences in the description of these traits. The correlations between EBV for the same profit traits from direct and indirect predictions were high and ranged from 0.818 to 0.846 based on EBV of sires and from 0.786 to 0.798 based on EBV of dams. The strong correlations between direct and indirect predictions for profit indicate that there is no advantage to selecting directly for profit compared with an index with all of the component traits.

title: Genetic relationships between growth and carcass traits and profitability in Japanese Brown XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17339 :: ('MESH:C537613', 'Disease') :: ['rib thickness', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'subcutaneous fat thickness']

entities_list: @entity5846 :: ('MESH:C536058', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'marbling score']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular changes, to measure the thickness of extraocular muscles, and to assess @entity1319 in @entity1 with active @entity6875 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 27 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ) with @entity6875 . Their age ranged from 17 to 59 years; mean age was 42.7+/-2.9 years. The control group consisted of 30 healthy @entity1 aged 43.6+/-2.6 years. All @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity testing, measurements of proptosis using Hertel exophthalmometer, echography using A/B mode Mentor Advent ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system, ocular motility, slit-lamp and ophthalmoscopic examination. RESULTS: The examination showed a significant @entity5768 , periorbital @entity4 in 66.67%, chemosis in 59.26%, injection of conjunctiva in 45.15% of @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 with infiltrative form of @entity6875 had a significant enlargement of medial rectus muscle (from 5.0 to 5.9 mm in 46.3%, from 6.0 to 6.9 mm in 22.22% of eyes) and inferior rectus muscle thickness (from 5.0 to 5.9 mm in 33.33%, from 6.0 to 6.9 mm in 24.07% of eyes), disturbances in upward (less than 30 degrees in 62.96%) and @entity1319 (from 30 to 50 degrees in 77.78%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of ocular examination showed an @entity5768 , periorbital @entity4 , chemosis and injection of conjunctiva in @entity1 with @entity6875 . Ultrasound investigations showed a marked increase in the volume of medial and inferior eye muscle. In @entity1 with @entity6875 , the changes in ocular motility (upward and lateral gaze) were detected.

title: Investigations of ocular changes, extraocular muscle thickness, and XXXX in @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['increase of proptosis']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movements', 'lateral eye movements']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['eye movements']


abstract: @entity7048 was used in the treatment of nine @entity1 with @entity221 proven by positive blood cultures. In seven @entity1 the causative organism was @entity1680 and in two it was @entity10583 B. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of @entity7048 against the nine isolates ranged between 1.95 and 3.90 mug/ml. @entity7048 was administered either intramuscularly or intravenously in a daily dose of 3 to 6 g for 11 to 16 days. The mean peak serum antibiotic concentration after a 0.5-g intravenous injection was 64.4 mug/ml, and the mean trough concentration, 3 h later, was 12.7 mug/ml. The highest serum inhibitory dilution at peak level was frequently 1/64, and at trough level it was 1/16 to 1/32. The @entity697 was satisfactorily controlled in all @entity1 . @entity3527 , complicating intravenous therapy, in five out of eight @entity1 , was the only side effect observed. Relapse of @entity1682 , as documented by positive blood culture, occurred in one @entity1 11 days after treatment course was completed. More extensive clinical studies are required before drawing any conclusions regarding the efficacy of @entity7048 in @entity221 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10583 :: ('54388', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella paratyphi']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhi']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['Phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['acute enteric fever']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['Cefazolin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence and clinical features of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) without @entity1121 ( @entity3257 ) have not been studied well. METHODS: Records of 9180 sequential @entity1 who underwent echocardiography at Tokyo @entity1 's Medical University Hospital were reviewed. SAM @entity1 were divided into those with @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ; n=60, 68%) and those without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ; n=28, 32%). To assess SAM morphology, @entity3257 @entity1 were divided into the valvular and chordal groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3257 SAM was 0.3%. Non- @entity3257 @entity1 showed older age (65.7  15.0 years vs. 56.9  16.8 years, p=0.02), higher prevalence of sigmoid septum (75% vs. 50%, p=0.03), and lower left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOT-PG) (27  31mmHg vs. 43  41mmHg, p=0.03) than @entity3257 @entity1 . However, 8 of 28 @entity3257 @entity1 showed a LVOT-PG >30mmHg. @entity340 showed higher @entity1353 prevalence (29% vs. 0%, p=0.04), higher LVOT-PG (39  36mmHg vs. 6  2mmHg, p<0.001), longer anterior mitral leaflet (28  2mm vs. 26  3mm, p=0.04) and more pronounced mitral regurgitation than chordal SAM. CONCLUSION: Non- @entity3257 SAM prevalence was 0.3% in the Japanese population. Non- @entity3257 SAM correlated with older age, sigmoid septum, and a lower LVOT-PG compared with @entity3257 SAM. Among @entity3257 SAM, @entity340 showed a significant symptom, higher LVOT-PG, and more pronounced mitral regurgitation than chordal SAM.

title: Clinical features of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve among XXXX without @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular SAM', 'Valvular SAM']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: There is controversy with respect to molecular characteristics of @entity2690 analogues. We report a series of experiments forming a comprehensive characterisation of the long acting @entity2690 analogues, glargine and detemir, in comparison with @entity1 @entity2690 , @entity442 , and the super-mitogenic @entity2690 , X10. METHODS: We measured binding of ligands to membrane-bound and solubilised receptors, receptor activation and mitogenicity in a number of cell types. RESULTS: Detemir and glargine each displayed a balanced affinity for @entity2690 receptor (IR) isoforms A and B. This was also true for X10, whereas @entity442 had a higher affinity for IR-A than IR-B. X10 and glargine both exhibited a higher relative @entity2856 than IR binding affinity, whereas detemir displayed an @entity2856 :IR binding ratio of  <= 1. Ligands with high relative @entity2856 affinity also had high affinity for IR/ @entity2856 hybrid receptors. In general, the relative binding affinities of the analogues were reflected in their ability to phosphorylate the IR and @entity2856 . Detailed analysis revealed that X10, in contrast to the other ligands, seemed to evoke a preferential phosphorylation of juxtamembrane and kinase domain phosphorylation sites of the IR. Sustained phosphorylation was only observed from the IR after stimulation with X10, and after stimulation with @entity442 from the @entity2856 . Both X10 and glargine showed an increased mitogenic potency compared to @entity1 @entity2690 in cells expressing many IGF-1Rs, whereas only X10 showed increased mitogenicity in cells expressing many IRs. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed analysis of receptor binding, activation and in vitro mitogenicity indicated no molecular safety concern with detemir.

title: Molecular characterisation of long-acting XXXX analogues in comparison with @entity1 @entity2690 , @entity442 and @entity2690 X10.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if the expression of metalloproteinase, collagen I and III are related to Gleason score, preoperative PSA and pathological stage in @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study group included radical prostatectomy specimens of 33 @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent surgery from 2001 to 2009. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: Gleason score=6 (13 @entity1 ), Gleason score=7 (10 @entity1 ), Gleason score >=  8 (10 @entity1 ). The control group included prostates of @entity1 submitted to cystoprostatectomy and benign prostatic tissues adjacent to the @entity5 area. Specific areas of tissues were selected under microscope and further processed for collagen I and III analysis by real time PCR. In addition, 10 deparaffined sections of each group were used to evaluate collagen I, III and metalloproteinase immune expression. The results were correlated with Gleason score, preoperative PSA and pathological stage. RESULTS: We found significant difference in both collagen I and III gene expression between benign and tumoral areas in the prostate samples from Gleason score=6 (collagen I=0.4    0.2 vs 5    2.4, p < 0.05; collagen III=0.2    0.06 vs 0.7    0.1, p < 0.05) and Gleason score >=  8 (collagen I=8    3.4 vs 1.4    0.8, p < 0.07; collagen III=1.8    0.5 vs 0.6    0.1, p < 0.05). There was no correlation of collagen expression with Gleason score, preoperative PSA or pathological stage. There was a positive correlation between metalloproteinase expression and Gleason score (r(2)=0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The positive correlation between metalloproteinase expression and Gleason score suggests that metalloproteinase could be a promising factor to improve Gleason score evaluation. Its expression and regulation do not seem to be related with collagen degradation.

title: Collagen I and III and metalloproteinase gene and protein expression in XXXX in relation to Gleason score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Conflicting evidence exists regarding the integrity of episodic memory in the behavioral variant of @entity4943 (bvFTD). Recent converging evidence suggests that episodic memory in progressive cases of bvFTD is compromised to the same extent as in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The underlying neural substrates of these episodic @entity2414 , however, likely differ contingent on @entity303 type. In this study we sought to elucidate the neural substrates of episodic memory performance, across recall and recognition tasks, in both @entity1 groups using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses. We predicted that episodic @entity2414 would be apparent in both @entity1 groups but would relate to divergent patterns of @entity194 specific to each @entity303 type. We assessed episodic memory, across verbal and visual domains, in 19 bvFTD, 18 @entity195 @entity1 , and 19 age- and education-matched controls. Behaviorally, @entity1 groups were indistinguishable for immediate and delayed recall, across verbal and visual domains. Whole-brain VBM analyses revealed regions commonly implicated in episodic retrieval across groups, namely the right temporal pole, @entity75 gyrus, and right anterior hippocampus. Divergent neural networks specific to each group were also identified. Whereas a widespread network including posterior regions such as the posterior cingulate cortex, parietal and occipital cortices was exclusively implicated in @entity195 , the frontal and anterior temporal lobes underpinned the episodic @entity2414 in bvFTD. Our results point to distinct neural changes underlying episodic memory decline specific to each @entity303 .

title: Common and unique gray matter correlates of episodic @entity2414 in @entity4943 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia syndrome', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobe, left paracingulate']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['neural atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory dysfunction']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: A standard electrode surgical generator connected to a @entity5648 coil was used in vitro to evaluate whether the generated electromagnetic energy had any bactericidal effect on @entity526 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ATCC 259222 @entity526 was used. We mixed 135 mL of a 1.5% non-nutritive agar with 15 mL of a 10(6) CFU/mL inoculum and transferred it to gas-sterilized plastic containers lined with @entity5715 foil. @entity36627 cylindrical shape was cut from the center of the agar, and a @entity5648 coil was placed in that space and connected to a standard electrode surgical generator. Electrical energy was then applied from 5 to 25 V at 5-V increments. Temperatures were measured with two thermocouples placed in the middle and periphery of each agar. The treatment was stopped when the temperature at the middle thermometer reached 50 degrees C. The control group was not treated and was embedded in a water bath at 45 degrees C. Three 3 x 7-mm pieces were sliced from the inner to the outer part of the agar and processed, and colony counts were performed. RESULTS: We observed statistically significant deleterious effects on @entity526 in all three zones when the treatment voltage was 15 and 20. When the potential was raised to 25 V, we observed a significant result only in the core zone. The treatment duration was 50 minutes for 5 and 10 V, 45 minutes for 15 V, 15 minutes for 20 V, and 10 minutes for 25 V. CONCLUSION: The bactericidal effect was mainly in the central area, decreasing linearly toward the periphery, and was related to the temperature reached during activation of the electrical generator. These results were disappointing with regard to the utility of @entity5648 stents to treat @entity1069 .

title: In vitro bactericidal effect of a modified thermal XXXX electrode.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity36627 :: ('p|SUB|A|22|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 22F']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['Nitinol']


abstract: We reviewed our experience with 90 @entity1 with @entity9007 to determine if the cause of @entity788 influenced the @entity1 ' outcome. @entity656 ( @entity656 ) occurred in 57 (63%) @entity1 due to alcoholic (n = 15), postoperative (n = 14), biliary (n = 12), and other etiologies (n = 16). Thirty-three (37%) @entity1 had @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) secondary to @entity167 use (n = 27) or other causes (n = 6). @entity9007 were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity8883 than in @entity1 with @entity1689 (47% versus 19%, p < 0.05). Spontaneous resolution occurred within 8 weeks in 10 (11%) @entity1 with @entity9007 ( @entity656 = 9%, @entity1689 = 15%, p = NS). However, no @entity1 with @entity9007 associated with biliary or postoperative @entity788 underwent spontaneous resolution. Although @entity9007 associated with @entity1689 were smaller in size (8.0 +/- 4.7 versus 5.7 +/- 3.8 cm, p < 0.05), a similar proportion of them required operation compared with @entity9007 (56% versus 58%). There were significantly more @entity204 in @entity1 with postoperative @entity788 compared with all other groups (29% versus 7%, p < 0.05). The outcome of @entity9007 was similar regardless of size (greater than 6 cm versus less than 6 cm) and presentation (acute versus delayed). Thus, the etiology of @entity788 was a more important determinant of @entity9007 outcome than @entity9007 size or presentation.

title: Influence of the etiology of @entity788 on the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'Multiple pseudocysts', 'AP pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The association of esophageal motility and @entity354 with respiratory symptoms is not well established in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). The aim of this work is to study the abnormalities of esophageal function in @entity1030 @entity1 and study its relation to smoking index, body mass index and indices of hyperinflation. METHODOLOGY: This study included 40 male @entity1030 @entity1 and 10 healthy controls. The @entity1 and controls were subjected to spirometry, body plethysmography, esophageal manometry and 24hr pH-metry. RESULTS: @entity344 were found in 55% of @entity1 , @entity551 upper esophageal sphincter pressure in 65% of @entity1 and @entity551 lower esophageal sphincter pressure in 52.5% of @entity1 . Pathological acid reflux was found in 35% of @entity1 . The severity of @entity354 increased with increased age, smoking index and body mass index, p<0.005. There was negative correlation between LESP and UESP compared with indices of hyperinflation, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of @entity4423 in @entity1030 @entity1 , LESP and UESP were significantly negatively correlated to indices of hyperinflation. There was a high prevalence of @entity354 in @entity1030 patents especially elderly, severe stage of @entity1030 , high smoking index and high body mass index (BMI).

title: Esophageal motility pattern and @entity354 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3799 is neither a sensitive nor a specific indicator of antibiotic sensitive infection. This analysis examines the positive and negative ramifications of treating @entity3799 empirically as a @entity281 . It begins where prior analyses leave off, with the number of cases of @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) prevented. METHODS: Three treatments were compared: 1) treat empirically/refer partner; 2) test, treat, and base partner treatment on results; 3) test, base treatment on results. The outcomes were the physical sequelae of @entity4134 and the @entity458 of being diagnosed with CT in a hypothetical cohort of 500 teenagers with @entity3799 , among whom the prevalence of CT averaged 33%, but ranged between 10% and 70%. RESULTS: At a CT prevalence of 33%, Treatments 1 and 2 prevented three times as many cases of @entity4134 -related physical sequelae (n = 14) as Treatment 3 (n = 5). However, to prevent these 14 cases of physical sequelae, with Treatment 1, 163 teens needlessly suffer the @entity458 of a false CT diagnosis and with Treatment 2, 101 do so. The ratio of physical sequelae prevented to @entity458 caused, changed in relationship to the prevalence of CT, but was always numerically most favorable with Treatment 3. Moreover, it was the only therapeutic approach for which overall morbidity never exceeded the @entity4134 -related physical morbidity incurred in the absence of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: By including the effects of over diagnosing and treating CT, we have demonstrated how the risks and benefits of empiric and @entity3799 therapy vary in relationship to CT prevalence. Failure to consider both the physical and the psychological aspects of @entity1 well-being may mean that well-intentioned policies to reduce physical morbidity do not result in an overall improvement in health of teenagers.

title: XXXX : to treat or not to treat? The role of @entity1 preferences and decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydial (CT) infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['nonempiric cervicitis', 'cervicitis', 'Mucopurulent cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe outcomes 5 years after initiating treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Cohort study. @entity1 : @entity1 enrolled in the Comparison of @entity1020 Treatments Trials. METHODS: @entity1 were assigned randomly to ranibizumab or bevacizumab and to 1 of 3 dosing regimens. After 2 years, @entity1 were released from the clinical trial protocol. At 5 years, @entity1 were recalled for examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity (VA) and morphologic retinal features. RESULTS: Visual acuity was obtained for 647 of 914 (71%) living @entity1 with average follow-up of 5.5 years. The mean number of examinations for @entity1020 care after the clinical trial ended was 25.3, and the mean number of treatments was 15.4. Most @entity1 (60%) were treated 1 time or more with a drug other than their assigned drug. At the 5-year visit, 50% of eyes had VA of 20/40 or better and 20% had VA of 20/200 or worse. Mean change in VA was  -3 letters from baseline and  -11 letters from 2 years. Among 467 eyes with @entity941 angiography, mean total lesion area was 12.9 mm(2), a mean of 4.8 mm(2) larger than at 2 years. @entity10691 was present in 213 of 515 (41%) gradable eyes and was subfoveal in 85 eyes (17%). Among 555 eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, 83% had fluid (61% intraretinal, 38% subretinal, and 36% sub-retinal pigment epithelium). Mean foveal total thickness was 278  m, a decrease of 182  m from baseline and 20  m from 2  years. The retina was abnormally thin (<120  m) in 36% of eyes. Between 2 and 5 years, the group originally assigned to ranibizumab for 2 years lost more VA than the bevacizumab group (-4 letters; P  = 0.008). Otherwise, there were no statistically significant differences in VA or morphologic outcomes between drug or regimen groups. CONCLUSIONS: Vision gains during the first 2 years were not maintained at 5 years. However, 50% of eyes had VA of 20/40 or better, confirming anti- @entity7 therapy as a major long-term therapeutic advance for neovascular @entity1020 .

title: Five-Year Outcomes with Anti- XXXX Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['Geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and laparoscopic @entity195 (LHM) are the mainstays of therapy in idiopathic @entity1318 . Equipoise exists in choosing the first-line therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess comparative efficacies and adverse event rates of these methods. DESIGN: Intention-to-treat, fixed-model, Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing @entity384 with LHM. SETTING: Randomized controlled trial comparing @entity384 versus LHM. @entity1 : @entity1 with newly diagnosed idiopathic @entity1318 . INTERVENTION: Comprehensive electronic and manual literature search from 1966 to March 2012 independently by two reviewers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Response rate, rate of different adverse events, and quality of life after each therapy. RESULTS: Three of 161 retrieved studies between 2007 and 2011, including 346 @entity1 , were included. At 1 year, the cumulative response rate was significantly higher with LHM (86% vs 76%, odds ratio 1.98 (confidence interval 1.14-3.45); P = .02), with no significant heterogeneity (P = .39; I(2) 0%). Rates of major mucosal tears requiring subsequent intervention with LHM were significantly lower than those of esophageal perforation with @entity384 requiring postprocedural medical or surgical therapy (0.6% and 4.8%, respectively; P = .04). Postprocedural rates of @entity354 , lower esophageal sphincter pressures, and quality of life scores did not differ in trials with sufficient data. Data on longer follow-up were not available. LIMITATIONS: Lack of data on follow-ups over 1 year and a small number of included studies. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that LHM may provide greater response rates as compared with graded @entity384 in the treatment of newly diagnosed idiopathic @entity1318 , with lesser rates of major adverse events, in up to 1 year after treatment, although additional data are needed to confirm the validity of this conclusion in long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX versus pneumatic dilation in the treatment of idiopathic @entity1318 : a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumatic dilation', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Heller's myotomy"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic Heller's myotomy']


abstract: @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase)/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor is expressed at higher levels in a variety of @entity1 @entity189 than it is in adjacent normal tissue. The higher expression is associated with an increase of intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and an unfavorable @entity1 prognosis. We examined the role of dThdPase in apoptosis, cell proliferation, IMVD, and @entity876 expression in @entity1 @entity14 . dThdPase expression was noted in 13 of 36 (36.1%) @entity189 and in 13 of 28 (46.3%) @entity189 . At least 10 areas consisting of @entity189 cells with diffuse dThdPase expression from the 26 dThdPase-positive @entity5 (category I) and 10 areas without dThdPase expression from the 38 negative @entity5 (category II) were selected from each case. For stage A and B @entity5 , the mean IMVDs were 64.8 +/- 33.7 in category I and 33.2 +/- 12.6 in @entity5 , whereas for stage C and D @entity5 , the mean IMVDs were 77.6 +/- 27.2 in the category I and 34.7 +/- 14.0 in the @entity5 . The mean IMVD was significantly higher in category I than in @entity5 (P < 0.01). The mean apoptotic indices (AIs; percentage of apoptotic cells) were 2.7 +/- 1.7 in the category I and 5.4 +/- 2.2 in the @entity189 of stages A and B and 1.4 +/- 0.5 in category I and 5.3 +/- 2.3 in @entity189 of stages C and D, and the value of the mean AI was significantly lower in category I than in category II (P < 0.01), regardless of the Dukes' stage. AI and IMVD showed a significant inverse correlation (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the frequency of @entity876 expression between the two categories. These results indicated that dThdPase expression provides an advantage for @entity5 growth of @entity1 @entity694 not only by increasing the intratumoral microvessels but also by attenuation of apoptosis, which might occur via a @entity876 gene-independent pathway.

title: XXXX phosphorylase expression is associated with both increase of intratumoral microvessels and decrease of apoptosis in @entity1 @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'category II tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' A and B carcinomas", 'carcinomas', "Dukes' C and D carcinomas", 'carcinoma', 'category II carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinomas']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['Thymidine']


abstract: Rodent models show decreased neuronal responses to @entity53 (E2) during aging (E2-desensitization) in association with reduced neuronal @entity172 receptor (ER)-a, but little is known about age changes of E2-dependent astrocytic neurotrophic support. Because elevated expression of astrocyte @entity40 ( @entity40 ) is associated with impaired @entity3457 and because the @entity40 promoter responds to ERa, we investigated the role of astrocytic ERa and ERb in impaired astrocyte @entity3457 during aging. In vivo and in vitro, ERa was increased greater than 50% with age in astrocytes from the cerebral cortex of male @entity35 (24 vs 3 months), whereas ERb did not change. In astrocytes from 3-month-old males, experimentally increasing the ERa to ERb ratio induced the aging phenotype of elevated @entity40 and impaired E2-dependent neurite outgrowth. In 24-month-old male astrocytes, lowering ERa reversed the age elevation of @entity40 and partially restored E2-dependent neurite outgrowth. Mixed glia (astrocytes to microglia, 3:1) of both sexes also showed these age changes. In a model of perimenopause, mixed glia from 9- to 15-month @entity35 showed E2 desensitization: 9-month regular cyclers retained young-like ERa to ERb ratios and @entity3457 , whereas 9-month noncyclers had elevated ERa and @entity40 but low E2-dependent @entity3457 . In vivo, ERa levels in cortical astrocytes were also elevated. The persisting effects of ovarian acyclicity in vitro are hypothesized to arise from steroidal perturbations during ovarian senescence. These findings suggest that increased astrocyte ERa expression during aging contributes to the E2 desensitization of the neuronal responses in both sexes.

title: Age increase of @entity172 receptor-a (ERa) in cortical astrocytes impairs neurotrophic support in male and female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic activity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weakness and @entity51 have long been known to be involved in the postural instability of subjects with @entity64 . Recently, it has been shown that impaired representations of the orientation of the @entity2270 of the body (LBA, egocentric reference) and of verticality (allocentric reference) may also play a role. The objective of the present study was to determine whether these two references were independently linked to postural asymmetry in standing @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-two subjects were tested after a first @entity64 (13 +/- 7.5 weeks). The LBA perception was investigated in the supine position by adjusting the orientation of a luminous rod in the frontal plane to correspond to the subjective LBA. The subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ) was assessed by adjusting the orientation of a luminous line in the frontal plane to correspond to the @entity6355 in upright @entity1 . Weight distribution was measured in the standing position for about 2 minutes and 45 seconds by two separate force platforms under the feet. RESULTS: LBA and @entity6355 were strongly associated (r = 0.7; p < 0.001). The estimate of the LBA was a better predictor (r = -0.52: p < 0.02) of weight bearing asymmetry than was @entity6355 (r = -0.41; p = 0.074) when adjusted for motor @entity425 and @entity1183 . CONCLUSION: Contralesional rotation of the @entity2270 of the body could lead to unequal distribution of loading on the feet. This novel interpretation of weight bearing asymmetry underlines the complexity of control of the erect stance following @entity64 and brings new perspectives for rehabilitation programs.

title: Asymmetric standing posture after XXXX is related to a biased egocentric coordinate system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['somatosensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 is causally associated with @entity10189 and @entity356 . Although effective treatment is available, studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity1534 are often not well managed. Recently, there has also been increasing awareness of @entity1 safety concerns arising from missed follow-up of abnormal test results. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with @entity1534 receive appropriate treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1534 by gastric biopsy in London, Ontario between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2004, were identified. The hospital charts of these @entity1 were reviewed. Outpatient office charts, clinic notes, pathology reports and endoscopy reports were also reviewed. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-three @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1534 by gastric biopsy in 2004. Of the 193 @entity1 , 143 (74%) were outpatients and 50 (26%) were inpatients. Overall, 89% of @entity1 received treatment for @entity1534 . Ninety-two per cent of outpatients were treated, while only 60% of inpatients received treatment (P<0.001). Among the inpatients, the pathology report was available in 40% of the cases before the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital. After discharge from the hospital, 30% of inpatients received appropriate treatment and follow-up. There was no significant difference in treatment whether the @entity1 was admitted to a medical or a nonmedical service. CONCLUSION: @entity1534 is treated relatively poorly in inpatients compared with outpatients. Results of the present study reveal opportunities to improve delivery of care for inpatients on a number of different levels. More research is needed to ensure safety, effectiveness and timeliness in the test result management process.

title: Is XXXX being treated appropriately? A study of inpatients and outpatients in a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: A prospective clinical trial was undertaken to determine the therapeutical effectiveness of multidrug chemotherapy consisting of @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity619 (VAD) or only high dose of @entity619 (D) in 56 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). The group of @entity1 included 41 with intermediate (II) and 15 with high (III) @entity5 mass. The final evaluation was performed in 19 @entity1 treated with D and in 19 receiving VAD regimen. Improvement was defined by at least 50% reduction of serum @entity1582 protein concentration or disappearance of light chain @entity644 . The VAD regimen was more effective giving improvement in 90% of @entity1 with no prior therapy and in 44% of @entity1 with reflectory @entity1582 . In this respect, cytoreduction of the same magnitude was noted both in stages II and III. Higher therapeutical effect of VAD regimen was observed independently of the immunological type of @entity1582 . The treatment with D has given the improvement in 56% of @entity1 with no previous therapy. Our results support the usefulness of VAD regimen in @entity1582 - @entity1 with no prior therapy and with refractory @entity1582 . High frequency of therapy-related complications, however, indicates that VAD treatment should rather be reserved for the @entity1 with resistant @entity1582 .

title: [Comparative evaluation of treatment results in advanced @entity1582 with the help of polychemotherapy with @entity1891 , XXXX , @entity619 (VAD) or only with @entity619 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Embryonic ventral forebrain (VFB) grafts to cortex contain neurons that synthesize @entity934 and partially ameliorate @entity146 caused by excitotoxic damage to the nucleus basalis magnocelullaris in @entity35 . An additional neurotransmitter, @entity842 (NO), is synthesized by a subset of cholinergic neurons in @entity35 ventral forebrain. If this neurotransmitter is expressed also by grafted cholinergic neurons (which include the embryonic medial septum and diagonal band), its functional contribution should be considered. Six to twelve months after transplantation of embryonic VFB tissue @entity35 were sacrificed. Brain tissue was processed either for in situ hybridization of @entity5612 and neuropeptide Y (NPY) or for immunohistochemistry of @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and neuronal @entity842 synthase ( @entity5612 ). Quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for @entity5612 was performed with radioactively labeled probes ( @entity575 grains were counted) and a preliminary comparison was made of graft sections to sections of the ventral forebrain of developing @entity35 . Plots of @entity575 grain counts against cell size revealed similar patterns in the grafts and in the ventral forebrain of developing @entity35 . The rates of expression of mRNA for @entity5612 in the grafts were intermediate between those of the ventral forebrain of postnatal day 19 and those of postnatal day 12. Double immunohistochemical labeling revealed that 45.87 + 8.26% of cells expressing @entity4268 also expressed @entity5612 in the grafts, significantly higher than 33.16 + 3.9% which was the rate of co-expression observed in the adult ventral forebrain. This study suggests that possible contribution of NO to graft-associated modulation of behavior should be examined.

title: XXXX synthase in ventral forebrain grafts and in early ventral forebrain development.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: To better understand the role of @entity53 -17beta in fetal ovarian development, presence and localization of cytochrome P450 aromatase ( @entity4127 ) and @entity172 receptors alpha ( @entity40664 ) and beta ( @entity40665 ) proteins were characterized in fetal ovaries of @entity291 using immunohistochemistry. Fetal @entity291 ovaries were collected from an abattoir and sorted into fetal age groups (days 110, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250+) based on crown-rump length. In addition to immunohistochemistry, morphological analysis of ovarian and follicular formation was made. Ovaries appeared lobular at day 110, but by the end of gestation (day 250+) ovaries were oval-shaped similar to those found in adult animals. @entity43 appeared to be at different developmental stages. At day 110, oocytes and pre-granulosa cells were observed in ovigerous cords that were still open to the surface epithelium. Most ovigerous cords appeared to be closed to the surface epithelium on day 130, all closed by day 150 and were no longer present at day 210. Ovarian follicles were classified as follows: Type 1(primordial): single layer of flattened granulosa cells, Type 1a (transitory): single layer of mixed flattened and cuboidal granulosa cells, Type 2 (primary): at least one but less than two layers of cuboidal granulosa cells, Type 3 (small preantral): two to three layers of granulosa cells, Type 4 (large preantral): four to six layers of granulosa, and the theca layer is forming around the follicle, Type 5 (antral): contain greater than six layers of granulosa cells, several layers of theca cells and the antrum has formed. Type 1 follicles were observed in day 110 ovaries. Follicle Types 1a and 2 were first observed on day 130. Type 3 follicles were first observed on day 150 and Types 4 and 5 were first observed on day 170. @entity4127 protein was localized in granulosa cells of follicle Types 2-5 and cells of rete tubules throughout the experimental period. There was punctate expression within stroma and rete masses. There was @entity40664 protein localization in pre-granulosa cells and germ cells of ovigerous cords and all surface epithelial cells. There was also localization in granulosa cells and oocytes of all follicle types and cells of rete tubules. There was punctate @entity40664 protein expression in stroma and rete masses. @entity40665 protein was localized in pre-granulosa cells and germ cells of ovigerous cords. Expression was also localized to granulosa cells of all follicle types and cells of rete tubules. @entity40665 protein was punctate in oocytes of follicles, surface epithelial cells, stroma and rete masses. Thus, the fetal ovary of @entity291 has the steroidogenic enzyme ( @entity4127 ) to convert @entity3800 to @entity53 -17beta, and @entity172 receptors alpha and beta to facilitate an @entity172 response within the fetal ovary.

title: Morphological development and characterization of aromatase and XXXX receptors alpha and beta in fetal ovaries of @entity291 from days 110 to 250.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian structures within different lobes']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paucity of Indian literature on @entity16 creates a lacuna in the critical evaluation and discussion of the subject. We did this study to find out the incidence and @entity16 and to correlate it with disease parameters and other extra-articular involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 31 @entity1 of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) classified by @entity12169 criteria. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCV) were done in all the @entity1 apart from routine laboratory and radiological investigations. Electrocardiograph (ECG), pulmonary function tests (PFT) and ophthalmological examination were also carried out to ascertain extra-articular involvement. RESULTS: Ten out of 31 @entity309 @entity1 had @entity16 of which five each were overt and subclinical respectively. Only one @entity1 had @entity16 . Four of the ten @entity1 had @entity1897 whereas the other six were @entity1897 . Four @entity1 had @entity4216 multiplex and five had symmetrical @entity1897 . Nine of the ten @entity1109 @entity1 had @entity309 for more than 2 years. Seven @entity1 had other extra-articular features along with @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: One-third of @entity1 with @entity309 have evidence of @entity16 . Disease parameters such as activity, rheumatoid factor and functional and radiological grade do not correlate with @entity16 . Non-entrapment sensori-motor type of @entity16 is the most common type.

title: XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid neuropathy', 'pattern of neuropathy', 'entrapment neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'sensori-motor neuropathies', 'pure motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neuropathy']