abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimitotic chemotherapeutic agents target tubulin, the major protein in mitotic spindles. Tubulin isotype composition is thought to be both diagnostic of @entity5 progression and a determinant of the cellular response to chemotherapy. This implies that there is a difference in isotype composition between normal and @entity5 tissues. METHODS: To determine whether such a difference occurs in breast tissues, total tubulin was fractionated from lysates of paired normal and @entity5 breast tissues, and the amounts of beta-tubulin classes I + IV, II, and III were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only primary @entity5 tissues, before chemotherapy, were examined. @entity1722 protein amplification occurs in about 30% of @entity0 and is considered a marker for poor prognosis. To gain insight into whether tubulin isotype levels might be correlated with prognosis, ELISAs were used to quantify @entity1722 protein levels in these tissues. RESULTS: Beta-tubulin isotype distributions in normal and @entity5 breast tissues were similar. The most abundant beta-tubulin isotypes in these tissues were beta-tubulin classes II and I + IV. @entity1722 / @entity1722 levels in @entity5 tissues were 5-30-fold those in normal tissues, although there was no correlation between the @entity1722 biomarker and tubulin isotype levels. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tubulin isotype levels, alone or in combination with @entity1722 protein levels, might not be diagnostic of tumorigenesis in @entity0 . However, the presence of a broad distribution of these tubulin isotypes (for example, 40-75% beta-tubulin class II) in breast tissue, in conjunction with other factors, might still be relevant to disease progression and cellular response to antimitotic drugs.

title: Beta class II tubulin predominates in normal and XXXX breast tissues.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Cardiac uptake and secretion of @entity1425 (Epi) and @entity1063 (NE) were studied at rest and during the response to systemic vasodilation with @entity4341 in conscious @entity235 . Chronically implanted catheters in the left atrium and anterior great coronary vein allowed simultaneous measurement of arterial and venous levels of NE and Epi across the segment of myocardium perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery. Arterial Epi was greater than coronary venous Epi both at rest and during vasodilation. Arterial and venous NE levels were similar at rest. However, arterial NE rose more than venous NE during @entity4341 . Thus, there was net cardiac uptake of NE as well as Epi when systemic plasma @entity2922 levels increased in response to vasodilation. Fractional extraction [(A-V)/A X 100)] of Epi by the heart was 50% and was not affected over a sevenfold range of coronary artery flow. Fractional extraction of NE (5-15%) was significantly lower than that of Epi, most likely due to cardiac secretion of NE. Cardiac NE secretion was estimated to increase fourfold during @entity4341 . Thus, cardiac tissue of trained @entity235 avidly takes up circulating @entity2661 . Despite an apparent increase of NE secretion by the heart during the systemic adrenergic response to @entity4341 , the heart remained an organ of net NE uptake and therefore did not contribute to the observed increase of systemic NE levels.

title: Cardiac uptake and secretion of XXXX during adrenergic stimulation in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knock-in @entity19 provide useful models of congenital and age-related @entity231 caused by a-crystallin mutations. @entity28821 aA-crystallin and @entity65176 aB-crystallin mutations are linked with hereditary @entity231 . Knock-in aA- @entity28821 +/- heterozygotes develop @entity231 by 1-2months, whereas homozygote @entity19 have @entity231 at birth. The @entity28821 mutation drastically reduces lens protein water solubility and causes cell death in knock-in @entity19 lenses. Mutant crystallin cannot function as a chaperone, which leads to @entity6960 and @entity231 . Protein aggregation disrupts the lens fiber cell structure and normal development and causes cell death in epithelial and fiber cells. We determined what aspects of the wild-type phenotype are age-dependently altered in the mutant lens. METHODS: Wild-type, heterozygote (aA- @entity28821 +/-), and homozygote (aA- @entity28821 +/+) @entity19 lenses were assessed pre- and postnatally for lens morphology (electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry), and autophagy or unfolded protein response markers (immunoblotting). RESULTS: Morphology was altered by embryonic day 17 in @entity28821 +/+ lenses; @entity28821 +/- lens morphology was unaffected at this stage. Active autophagy in the lens epithelium of mutant lenses was indicated by the presence of autophagosomes using electron microscopy. Protein @entity18133 levels, which are degraded specifically by autophagy, increased in aA- @entity28821 mutant versus wild-type lenses, suggesting autophagy inhibition in the mutant lenses. The unfolded protein response marker @entity2989 was upregulated in adult lenses of aB- @entity65176 +/+ @entity19 , suggesting its role in lens opacification. CONCLUSIONS: Mutated crystallins alter lens morphology, autophagy, and stress responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Therapeutic modulation of autophagic pathways may improve protein degradation in @entity231 lenses and reduce @entity231 . This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.

title: Autophagy and UPR in alpha-crystallin mutant knock-in XXXX models of hereditary @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataractous', 'lens opacity']

entities_list: @entity28821 :: ('p|SUB|R|49|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R49C']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper is an update of previously published data on the basis of a retrospective review of midterm results of @entity1068 sclerotherapy on 87 @entity1 (January 1995 to December 2000) for assessment of its efficacy as an improved treatment method for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). According to this assessment, VMs were defined with a new classification and studied with advanced diagnostic technology and an advanced care system. METHODS: The average follow-up period was 24 months after completion of a multisession treatment (mean, 8.2 months). Classification of @entity1211 was based on a modification of the Hamburg classification. Advanced diagnostic technology, mostly noninvasive, was used on 226 of 520 @entity1 with @entity1462 registered at the @entity1462 Clinic at the Samsung Medical Center. Of the 226 @entity1 with @entity1211 , 87 with infiltrating extratruncular lesions had a total of 399 sessions of sclerotherapy. Follow-up assessment with periodic clinical examinations by the multidisciplinary team was supplemented with body blood pool scans, duplex scans, and magnetic resonance imaging, according to protocol, once the multisession therapy was completed. Angiographic assessment was seldom included. The endpoint of this phase II study was 24 months. RESULTS: Of 399 sessions, initial success was seen in 379 sessions (95.0%) and failure was seen in 20 sessions (5%). This was mostly caused by forced abandonment from technical difficulty in delivering @entity1068 safely to the lesion (eg, direct drainage of @entity1211 into normal deep vein system). Later results after completion of the multisession therapy with a minimum follow-up of 24 months on 71 VMs have shown no evidence of recurrence. Eighty-seven @entity1 have shown the same results without recurrence on an average of 18.2 months of follow-up. Fifty-one minor to major complications, mostly @entity272 , developed after 47 sessions among the 379 sessions (12.4% in 24/87 @entity1 ; 27.9%). However, complications resolved spontaneously or were managed successfully, except for one permanent @entity2103 and one @entity3030 . CONCLUSION: Absolute @entity1068 sclerotherapy can deliver excellent results as an independent therapy to the infiltrating type of extratruncular form of @entity1211 , which was once taboo because of prohibitively high morbidity. Absolute @entity1068 may be accepted as an effective treatment method because no recurrence has been observed in the relatively long-term observation period and the morbidity has been acceptable. However, it should be reserved only for individuals and centers with expertise. The morbidity involved should be clearly understood and accepted by the @entity1 or family, and the risk of @entity697 , both major or minor, should be explained to the @entity1 . Long-term assessment of the complication's sequelae is warranted.

title: Advanced management of @entity1211 with XXXX sclerotherapy: mid-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic complications']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VM', 'venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Vascular Malformation', 'congenital vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: A @entity35 striatum cell membrane chromatography (CMC) frontal analysis method was developed for the determination of the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for @entity750 ( @entity750 ) receptor 5-HT1D- @entity38314 interactions. @entity35 striatum was used for preparation of the cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP). An enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the 5-HIT level of CMSP before and after the adsorption of cell membrane, and the value was (40.5    2.3) pg per gram of @entity3440 . The @entity262 was applied to specifically recognize the mixed standard solution of @entity9251 and @entity38314 . @entity9251 , a 5-HT1D agonist of 24.2 to 242 nmol/L, was pumped through a CMC column continuously, and the breakthrough curves were recorded. For further competitive studies, the mobile phase that contained @entity38314 (37.0-370 nmol/L) was pumped through the column to saturate the binding sites. Afterwards, @entity9251 was propelled towards the column. The breakthrough curves were recorded and compared with those obtained from the column without saturation. K(D), values obtained using frontal analysis were 389 nmol/L and 4.21   mol/L for @entity9251 and @entity38314 , respectively. The competitive binding study indicated that the CMC method could be a quick and efficient way for determining the K(D) values in drug-receptor interactions.

title: [A cell membrane chromatography method for investigation of XXXX receptor- @entity38314 interaction].

entities_list: @entity38314 :: ('MESH:C027820', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustilide']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['CAIC-offline-HPLC system']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the risk of @entity16433 of the @entity1 lens during @entity231 surgery from contact by phacoemulsification needles using different vacuum pumps, ultrasound modalities, and contact angles. DESIGN: Experimental laboratory investigation. METHODS: The John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, was the setting for this study. A Signature (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc) phacoemulsification machine was used in peristaltic and Venturi vacuum modes with transversal and micropulsed ultrasound. Contact was made with a capsular surrogate to achieve @entity432 or tip contact only. Breakage rates were calculated by analyzing the capsular surrogate under a surgical microscope. RESULTS: Venturi and peristaltic pump modes had similar risk of @entity16433 , regardless of whether the data were analyzed with @entity432 data included (44.2% peristaltic vs 40.2% Venturi, P  = .047) or excluded from the analysis (66.3% peristaltic vs 60.3% Venturi, P  = .013). Transversal ultrasound was significantly more likely to cause @entity16433 than micropulsed ultrasound (69.8% vs 56.8%, P < .0001). Tip contact was significantly more likely than @entity432 to cause @entity16433 (63.3% vs 0%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in risk of @entity16433 using Venturi rather than peristaltic vacuum pumps, while transversal seemed to increase the risk when compared to micropulsed ultrasound. Tip occlusion is not a risk factor for @entity16433 , as all breaks in the capsular surrogate occurred with tip contact.

title: Safety Profile of Venturi Versus Peristaltic Phacoemulsification Pumps in @entity231 Surgery Using a Capsular Surrogate for the XXXX Lens.

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['capsular rupture']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tip occlusion']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With nearly 450 cases reported since 1991, @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ) is a rare @entity5 typically arising in adolescent and young adult white @entity1 . With no large series described, the best therapeutic strategy remains unclear. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 treated in our tertiary care center between January 1991 and December 2013 for a @entity2269 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with a median age of 27  years (range 13-57  years) were identified; 71  % were @entity1 . At the time of diagnosis, 47.4  % @entity1 had extraperitoneal metastases (EPM): 78  % were located in the liver and 11  % were located in the lungs. Fourteen @entity1 (37  %) were treated exclusively with systemic chemotherapy, with a median survival of 21.1  months. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent surgery, 12 (52  %) experienced complete removal of all macroscopic disease, 5 (21.7  %) received additional intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and 7 (30  %) received postoperative @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ). With a median follow-up of 59.9  months, the median survival was 37.7  months, and the median disease-free survival was 15.5  months. The factors predictive of 3-year overall survival were the absence of EPM, complete surgical resection, @entity86 , and postoperative chemotherapy. The intraperitoneal chemotherapy had no impact on overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2269 is a rare and aggressive disease. In @entity1 without EPM, a multimodal treatment combining systemic chemotherapy, complete macroscopic resection, and @entity86 could enable prolonged survival. No benefit of surgery was demonstrated for @entity1 with EPM. The value of associated hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains unproven.

title: Abdominal XXXX : Multimodal Treatment Combining Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Radiotherapy is the Best Option.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['whole abdominopelvic radiotherapy', 'WAP RT']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['DSRCT', 'desmoplastic small round cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative WAP RT']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Garlic and its constituents are reported to have a preventive effect against @entity14 in animal models. Aged garlic extract (AGE), which is produced by natural extraction from fresh garlic for more than 10 months in aqueous @entity1068 , also has reputed chemopreventive effects on @entity694 , but has never been studied for its effects on @entity694 development. We investigated the antitumor effects of AGE in @entity35 with @entity8708 ( @entity18399 )-induced @entity105 , and the mechanism of AGE in @entity1 @entity694 cell proliferation. F344 @entity35 randomly divided into three groups were administered @entity18399 (20  mg/kg weight) subcutaneously once a week for 8 weeks in a basal diet. After the last injection, one group of @entity35 was then moved onto a basal diet containing 3% wt/wt AGE, and @entity35 were sacrificed at 8 or 31 weeks. The number of @entity18432 ( @entity18432 ), histological type of @entity5 and proliferative activity of the @entity5 lesions were analyzed by macroscopic, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. DLD-1 @entity1 @entity694 cells were utilized to investigate the effect of AGE on anti-cell proliferation. AGE decreased the number of @entity18432 but had no effect on gross @entity5 pathology. AGE showed a lower number of @entity652 and @entity1358 by histological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that AGE suppressed the proliferative activity in @entity652 and @entity1358 , but showed no effect on normal colon mucosa. Moreover, we demonstrated that AGE delayed cell cycle progression by downregulating @entity8189 and @entity10610 expression via inactivation of NF-kB in the @entity1 @entity14 cells but did not induce apoptosis. These findings suggest that AGE has an antitumor effect through suppression of cell proliferation.

title: Aged garlic extract inhibits @entity8708 -induced XXXX development by suppressing cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity18432 :: ('MESH:D058739', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant crypt foci', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumor']


abstract: @entity5403 -induced @entity12757 is a rarely seen condition. In this paper, a case is presented with @entity12757 developed secondary to @entity5403 use in a liposuction procedure, and the importance of this rarely seen condition is emphasized. A 20-year-old female @entity1 presented with complaints of prostration, lassitude, shivering, @entity1353 , and @entity848 . It was learned that the @entity1 underwent nearly 1000   mg @entity5403 infiltration 8 hours priorly during a liposuction procedure. At admission, her blood pressure (130/80   mmHg), pulse rate (140   bpm), body temperature (36  C), and respiratory rate (40/min) were recorded. The @entity1 had marked acrocyanosis. The arterial blood gas @entity3961 level was measured as 40%. The @entity1 received @entity26 therapy with a mask and was administered @entity620 in normal saline (500   mg tid), @entity898 (300   mg tid), and 50   mg 10% @entity6693 in the intensive care unit of the internal medicine department. @entity3961 level dropped down to 2% after her treatment with @entity6693 and she was clinically cured and discharged 2 days later. Emergency service physicians should remember to consider @entity12757 when making a differential diagnosis between @entity1353 and @entity848 developing after @entity5403 infiltration performed for liposuctions in the adult age group.

title: A Case Report of XXXX -Induced @entity12757 after Liposuction Procedure.

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['Prilocaine', 'prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3961 :: ('3048', 'Gene') :: ['Methemoglobin', 'methemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity12757 :: ('MESH:D008708', 'Disease') :: ['methemoglobinemia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['Prilocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We present a systematic review of 1,252 lesions published in the past 25 years, the largest to date. We also include our own experience of 41 cases. DATA SOURCES: Our data sources were MEDLINE and Embase databases. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review of the literature (1988-2014) was performed and data on histological diagnosis, presentation, surgical approach, and @entity260 were reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 22 studies (including our own institution) revealed 82% of lesions were benign. The most common presentation was an intraoral mass (52%) followed by a cervical mass (48%), and the most common @entity75 was a @entity5123 (29%). Ninety-six percent of @entity1 underwent surgery. The cervical approach was most frequently used (46%), and the most common complication was @entity8809 (13%). Within our institution, 5-year progression-free survival for benign and @entity5 was 93% and 61%, respectively (P   =   .196). CONCLUSIONS: A parapharyngeal space mass is an uncommon @entity5 and requires careful preoperative assessment. Definitive treatment is usually surgery, and these @entity1 should be counseled appropriately about the potential for permanent @entity129 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2014.

title: Management of XXXX arising from the Parapharyngeal space: A systematic review of 1,293 cases reported over 25 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity8809 :: ('MESH:D061223', 'Disease') :: ['vagus nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of second-generation drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 reduces the rate of major adverse @entity299 . We aimed to evaluate the impact of sex on the performance of @entity2239 -eluting stents vs bare-metal stents in ST-segment elevation @entity583 at 2-year follow-up. METHODS: This is a sub-study of the EXAMINATION trial that randomized 1498 @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to @entity2239 -eluting or bare-metal stents. Primary end point was combined all-cause @entity204 , any recurrent @entity583 , and any revascularization. All end points were analyzed according to sex at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Of 1498 @entity1 included in the trial, 254 (17.0%) were @entity1 . @entity1 were older and had higher prevalence of @entity101 and lower prevalence of smoking compared with @entity1 . In contrast with @entity1 , stent diameter was smaller in @entity1 . After multivariate analysis, the primary end point was similar between @entity1 and @entity1 (hazard ratio=0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.37), and among @entity1 , between those treated with bare-metal vs @entity2239 -eluting stents (hazard ratio=2.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-6.46). @entity1 showed a lower rate of repeat revascularization than @entity1 (hazard ratio=0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.95) despite worse baseline characteristics. This difference was driven by better performance of the @entity2239 -eluting stent in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite poorer baseline clinical characteristics, @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 treated with percutaneous coronary intervention showed outcomes similar to @entity1 . The use of @entity2239 -eluting stents may represent an added value in @entity1 as it showed a reduced rate of repeated revascularization compared to @entity1 .

title: Sex-related Impact on Clinical Outcome of @entity2239 -eluting Versus Bare-metal Stents in ST-segment XXXX . Insights From the EXAMINATION Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The autonomic control of heart rate was studied throughout development in embryos of the green @entity10190 iguana by applying receptor agonists and antagonists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) slowed or stopped the heart and @entity3897 antagonized the response to @entity3451 indicating the presence of muscarinic cholinoceptors on the heart of early embryos. However, @entity3897 injections had no impact on heart rate until immediately before hatching, when it increased heart rate by 15%. This cholinergic tonus increased to 34% in hatchlings and dropped to 24% in adult iguanas. Although @entity1425 was without effect, injection of @entity1169 slowed the heart throughout development, indicating the presence of b-adrenergic receptors on the heart of early embryos, possibly stimulated by high levels of circulating @entity2661 . The calculated excitatory tonus varied between 33% and 68% until immediately before hatching when it fell to 25% and 29%, a level retained in hatchlings and adults. @entity519 caused a @entity1168 in early embryos that was unaffected by injection of @entity3897 indicating that @entity519 has a direct effect upon the heart. In later embryos and hatchlings @entity519 caused a @entity591 that was unaffected by injection of @entity3897 . Subsequent injection of @entity1169 reduced heart rate both uncovering a hypoxic @entity1168 in late embryos and @entity591 in hatchlings. @entity2944 was without effect on heart rate in late stage embryos and in hatchlings.

title: The progressive onset of cholinergic and adrenergic control of heart rate during development in the green XXXX iguana.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'abolishing tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity10190 :: (8517,Species) :: ['iguana, Iguana']


abstract: @entity368 , @entity6778 and @entity4857 are essential @entity3534 termed branched-chain @entity3534 (BCAA) due to its aliphatic side-chain. In several pathological and physiological conditions increased BCAA plasma concentrations have been described. Elevated BCAA levels predict insulin resistance development. Moreover, BCAA levels higher than 2mmol/L are @entity2359 by inducing microglial activation in @entity6602 . However, there are no studies about the direct effects of BCAA in circulating cells. We have explored whether BCAA could promote oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. In cultured PBMCs, 10mmol/L BCAA increased the production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) via both @entity1110 oxidase and the mitochondria, and activated Akt- @entity3470 signalling. By using several inhibitors and activators of these molecular pathways we have described that @entity3470 activation by BCAA is linked to ROS production and @entity2383 . BCAA stimulated the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kB, which resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 or @entity11603 , and the migration of PBMCs. In conclusion, elevated BCAA blood levels can promote the activation of circulating PBMCs, by a mechanism that involving ROS production and NF-kB pathway activation. These data suggest that high concentrations of BCAA could exert deleterious effects on circulating blood cells and therefore contribute to the pro-inflammatory and oxidative status observed in several pathophysiological conditions.

title: High concentration of branched-chain XXXX promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via mTORC1 activation.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['maple syrup urine disease']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3534 :: (MESH:D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14537 is a form of infantile @entity11125 characterized by excessive body size from the time of birth, particular facies, acromegalic changes and signs of non-progressive cerebral involvement. The etiology is unknown. Diagnosis is based on somatometric data and the particular phenotype traits. Biochemical and endocrine studies are normal. Torticollis is a @entity3520 and therefore more common in adults. CLINICAL CASE: A 20 year old @entity1 with macrosomic features since birth presented with: weight 104 kg, height 182 cm; prognathism, @entity5766 , a broad over hanging forehead with a high hair line; large ears, hands and feet; torticollis towards the right with elevation and anteroversion of the right shoulder which caused symptomatic @entity1635 . She was bradypsychic and rather slow in speech. The complementary tests done (cerebral and cervical CT and MR, bone gammography, evoked potentials, EMG-ENG, sural nerve biopsy, biopsy of skin and muscle, EEG and hormone and biochemistry studies) were normal. The torticollis was treated with botulinus toxin and improved considerably, as did the @entity1635 . CONCLUSIONS: To date, @entity3519 has not been described in association with @entity14537 . This may be a causal association, or even perhaps hereditary, since the @entity1 's mother had @entity3519 (in the form of @entity9663 ).

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity3520 ].

entities_list: @entity14537 :: ('MESH:D058495', 'Disease') :: ['Sotos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity14537 :: (MESH:D058495,Disease) :: ['Sotos syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7091 Background: Study supported by Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco(AIFA code: FARM6HJ7CA). @entity9075 ( @entity9075 ) are rare @entity5 of the mediastinum, with an estimated incidence of about 3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Histologic types, defined by the WHO (A, AB, B1, B2, B3 and @entity704 ), carry a variable prognosis, with TC being associated to the most aggressive clinical behavior. @entity5948 - and @entity902 -based chemotherapy is active in these @entity5 , but novel therapeutic options are still needed. @entity2213 (Novartis Pharma) is a competitive inhibitor of @entity1861 , KIT, @entity675 , and PDGFRB @entity4149 kinases. The rationale for its use in @entity9075 lies in the high levels of expression of @entity2467 reported in TC and for the reported efficacy of @entity2213 in one case of TC (Stroebel, 2004). METHODS: Phase II trial was initiated to deliver @entity2213 at 400 mg to a population of @entity1 affected by @entity9075 . Due to the low predicted accrual of @entity1 with TC, @entity1 with all histologic types of @entity9075 were eligible for the trial. Radiographic responses were measured by CT scans performed every 3 months, according to the RECIST criteria. @entity137 was graded according to the CTC of the NCI, version 3.0. 15 @entity1 with advanced @entity9075 (most of them B2 or B3 @entity704 , some of them with a squamous component) , who had been pretreated with at least one chemotherapeutic agent, were enrolled at the Department of Molecular and Clinical Oncology and Endocrinology of University 'Federico II of Naples' from March, 2008 to July 2010. RESULTS: One third of @entity1 presented with @entity704 . @entity2467 was expressed only in some cases of TC, as revealed by immunohistochemistry. No mutations in the @entity2467 gene (exons 9-11-13 and 17) were found in the TC cases by mutational analysis. @entity2213 was overall well tolerated, with no @entity137 -related @entity204 . @entity294 and @entity2704 were the most frequent events, occurring both in 20% of @entity1 , but were manageable and mild. No radiographic responses were recorded. Median progression-free survival was 3 months (range, 2.75-4). Median overall survival was not reached. CONCLUSIONS: The study was terminated before it reached its target accrual of 42 @entity1 , because of the lack of responses and low accrual rate. @entity2213 seems to be not efficacy to treat TET.

title: @entity2213 in thymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymic carcinomas', 'Thymic carcinoma-TC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['Thymic epithelial tumors', 'TETs']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib', 'imatinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['epithelial malignancies']


abstract: The prevalence and patterns of silent @entity741 were evaluated in 105 @entity5749 @entity1 receiving conventional antianginal drug therapy. During 2,520 hours of electrocardiographic monitoring, silent @entity63 was detected in 45 (43%) @entity1 . A total of 188 @entity63 episodes was observed; 163 (87%) were silent and accounted for a total @entity63 duration of 5,771 minutes. There was no difference in the baseline clinical characteristics between the @entity1 with and without ambulatory silent @entity63 . However, @entity1 with silent @entity63 on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring had earlier onset of @entity63 during exercise testing. The highest density of silent @entity63 events occurred between 6 A.M. and 6 P.M. Comparison of the class or combination of antianginal agents used by the 2 groups revealed no difference. However, in @entity1 with silent @entity63 the mean duration per event was shorter for those receiving 2 (p less than 0.05) or more (p = 0.001) antianginal agents compared to those receiving monotherapy. The average duration of silent @entity63 per event was significantly less (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 receiving beta blockers. These results demonstrate that silent @entity63 during ordinary daily activities occurs frequently despite conventional antianginal drugs prescribed for control of symptoms.

title: Prevalence and patterns of silent @entity741 during daily life in @entity5749 XXXX receiving conventional antianginal drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Ocular involvement as well as @entity1463 , @entity1159 and pathological changes in oral cavity are often refractory to treatment. This kind of @entity1 require complex aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. We are still waiting for drugs against @entity2132 , characterized by decreased infectious complications, encouraging efficacy and rare and reversible side effects. We describe eight @entity1 who developed extensive @entity2132 with @entity2194 after alloHSCT. All had ocular manifestations, which were refractory to the first and second line of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. All @entity1 responded to the topical @entity205 therapy, but clinical improvement was seen only since the fifth month of starting treatment. Topical @entity205 was well tolerated. Other four @entity1 with sclerodermoid type of skin changes, refractory to second line systemic immunosuppressive therapy, were treated with @entity13637 . @entity13637 is a drug used to treat @entity1201 . Because of its anti-inflammatory effects, @entity13637 is used also as a second or third line therapy for various @entity272 including: @entity6794 , @entity1252 , @entity709 and @entity2132 . All @entity1 ,who received @entity13637 due to @entity1463 , @entity1159 and oral manifestations, achieved partial or complete responses and were able to reduce other immunosuppressive drugs. @entity13637 was generally well tolerated.

title: How can we help @entity1 with refractory XXXX - single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye involvement']

entities_list: @entity13637 :: ('MESH:D002991', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofazimine', 'clofazimine']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['dermal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'cGVHD', 'chronic graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['chronic graft versus host disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the response rate, duration of response and survival with weekly @entity136 plus @entity1205 in metastatic or unresectable @entity788 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 38 @entity1 were evaluable for survival and @entity137 . Thirty-seven @entity1 were evaluable for response. Nine @entity1 (24%) had locally advanced disease and 29 (76%) had metastatic disease at the time of enrollment. Median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1. @entity1 received @entity136 750 mg/m(2) i.v. and @entity1205 35 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 3 out of 4 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS: @entity1 received a median of 4 cycles (range 1-6) of chemotherapy. An objective response was obtained in 10 @entity1 (27%) with a median duration of 17 weeks. Median survival was 7 months, and 1-year survival was 19.3%. Eight @entity1 experienced at least one form of grade 4 @entity137 and 27 @entity1 experienced at least one type of grade 3 @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity136 and @entity1205 is a well-tolerated regimen with clinical efficacy. The ultimate role of this combination versus single-agent @entity136 can only be determined by a randomized phase III trial.

title: Phase II study of @entity136 plus @entity1205 in advanced XXXX : a Hoosier Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7135 is associated with @entity1003 and @entity548 tendency. We carried out this study to determine the incidence of @entity5861 in @entity7135 . METHODS: This was a prospective study involving all @entity1 admitted to the Sheffield @entity1 's Hospital, Sheffield, England, with a diagnosis of @entity7135 . @entity7135 was by blood culture or DNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction. The @entity1 underwent ocular examination including dilated fundus examination by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Details of their coagulation status were also obtained. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age, 4.5 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity7135 were included. All @entity1 had @entity1003 . @entity5861 were found in 5 @entity1 (42%). The disease was fatal in 3 @entity1 . Group C meningococcus was responsible for the infection in all those with @entity5861 and those with fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5861 is a common feature in @entity7135 . Ophthalmic evaluation should be part of the assessment of @entity1 with @entity7135 . Future studies on @entity7135 should include @entity5861 as another parameter in the assessment. This should help us to understand the role of @entity5861 in the prognosis of this serious disease.

title: @entity5861 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages', 'Retinal hemorrhage', 'Retinal hemorrhages', 'retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal septicemia', 'Meningococcal septicemia', 'meningococcal disease', 'Confirmation of meningococcal infection']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal septicemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: In traditional Chinese medicine, Tanshinone IIA is used to treat @entity740 ( @entity740 ). However, its biological activity and mechanism of action in renal @entity82 and @entity32 are not fully identified. The current study was conducted to determine the effects of Tanshinone IIA treatment on @entity740 by assessing potential modulation of the @entity1810 /Smad and @entity4026 signaling pathway. METHODS: @entity740 was produced in @entity35 by 5/6 nephrectomy. They were then divided into the following groups: control (sham operation); @entity740 (5/6 nephrectomy); 5/6 nephrectomy+Tanshinone IIA (10mg/kg in average, once a day for 16 weeks). Serum and urine samples were obtained from animals in each group, and serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and 24h urinary protein excretion were measured. Tissue samples from the kidney were used for morphometric studies (Masson's trichrome). The expression of fibronectin protein and collagen types I, III, IV, and @entity1810 , @entity1505 , @entity4646 , @entity4647 , @entity16620 mRNA were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis; the @entity1810 /Smad and @entity4026 signaling pathway was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The following effects were observed in @entity740 @entity35 treated with Tanshinone IIA: (1) marked improvements in Scr, and 24h urine protein excretion; (2) significant reductions in protein and mRNA levels of fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV and @entity1505 , @entity4647 , and @entity4646 ; (3) significantly inhibited the @entity1810 /Smad and @entity4026 signaling activation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Tanshinone IIA suppresses renal @entity82 and @entity32 via altering expression of @entity1810 /Smad and @entity4026 pathway in the remnant kidney, thus supporting the potential of Tanshinone IIA as a new therapeutic agent for slowing the progression of @entity740 .

title: Tanshinone IIA attenuates renal @entity82 and @entity32 via altering expression of XXXX /Smad and @entity4026 signaling pathway in 5/6 nephrectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: In this report we describe a @entity1 with an unstable @entity174 who was treated by occipitocervical fusion and later reported sustained postoperative @entity9 . A 70-year-old male was admitted to our center with a @entity174 induced by a car accident. Preoperative lateral X-ray revealed an atlanto-dens interval of 4.8mm and a C1 canal anterior-posterior diameter of 19.94mm. We performed fusion surgery from the occiput to C5 without decompression of C1. The @entity1 reported sustained continuous @entity158 throughout the following year despite strong analgesics. The @entity158 dermatome was located mainly in the great occipital nerve territory and posterior neck. Magnetic resonance images revealed no evidence of @entity1745 , however a C1 lamina compressed dural sac and C2 root compression could not be excluded. We performed bilateral C2 root decompression via a C1 laminectomy. After decompression, bilateral C2 root redundancy was identified by palpation. After decompression surgery, @entity158 was reduced. This case indicates that @entity9 , suggesting the need for diagnostic block, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with sustained @entity10 after occipitocervical fusion surgery.

title: @entity9 after occipital cervical fusion to treat an unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Jefferson fracture']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['occipital neuralgia']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['jefferson fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemorheologic alterations or changes in blood viscosity have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity532 in @entity6 . We measured various hemorheologic parameters in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 at different stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and assessed their possible role as early markers of @entity2316 and @entity177 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred-five @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were divided into four groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the kidney function. Hemorheologic parameters, including erythrocyte deformability, @entity2002 /elongation index (EI), and aggregation index (AI) were measured using a microfluidic hemorheometer, and critical shear stress (CSS) was measured using a microfluidic technique. Various metabolic parameters were assessed from fasting blood samples, and the urine albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (ACR) was calculated from first morning voided urine. RESULTS: There were significant differences in red blood cell (RBC) deformability, AI, CSS, @entity2002 /EI, and ACR among @entity1 in different stages of @entity740 (all P<0.05). RBC deformability and @entity2002 /EI significantly differed between normal (GFR >90   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2)) and @entity740 stage 2 (GFR 60-90   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2)) @entity1 , whereas there was no such difference in ACR. In multiple regression analysis, @entity2002 /EI under a moderate shear stress of 3   Pa was an independent predictor of GFR (b=-0.328, P<0.05). Also, AI, CSS, and @entity2002 /EI were significantly different among @entity1 at different stages of @entity2316 , with a significant difference in @entity2002 /EI between normal and microalbuminuric @entity1 (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RBC deformability and @entity2002 /EI are sensitive parameters measured via point-of-care testing for detecting erythrocyte alterations in early @entity740 and @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Further studies are warranted to verify their use as screening tools for @entity2316 and @entity8 .

title: Hemorheological Approach for Early Detection of XXXX and @entity2316 in Type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate care delivery patterns in @entity1 treated for @entity4134 in pediatric outpatient settings and to determine the effect of practice type on care delivery. DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective review of medical records for @entity1 treated as outpatients in an urban academic pediatric facility. Care patterns were evaluated according to the Centers for Disease Control sexually transmitted disease guidelines. @entity1 : Fifty-six adolescent @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity4134 in pediatric ambulatory settings between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic information, documented @entity1 history and examination, laboratory data, and discharge instructions. RESULTS: Forty percent of @entity1 were prescribed inadequate courses of medications. @entity1 who were seen in the pediatric emergency department were less likely to receive a standard medication regimen than those seen in the ambulatory setting. Most @entity1 did not receive adequate instruction for self-care on review of written discharge instructions, and there were no differences based on location of care. CONCLUSIONS: Many adolescents treated as outpatients for @entity4134 may not receive adequate medications and instructions for self-care at discharge in pediatric ambulatory settings. This study suggests a need for aggressive quality improvement measures to enhance the care of adolescents with @entity4134 in pediatric outpatient settings.

title: XXXX in adolescents: care delivery in pediatric ambulatory settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['Pelvic inflammatory disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality that requires prompt medical intervention. @entity1771 ( @entity22717 ) is an antiepileptic drug effective against a broad spectrum of @entity410 types, and has been proposed as a possible therapeutic option for @entity159 ( @entity159 ), the most severe form of @entity159 . AIM: This review aimed to evaluate the role of @entity22717 in @entity159 , including @entity159 . METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Opengrey.eu were systematically searched. We compared: (1) @entity1 who did and who did not receive @entity22717 as their last drug; (2) @entity1 receiving @entity22717 as the last drug and achieving SE control and @entity1 receiving @entity22717 as the last drug but without termination of SE. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 1164 results, with individual data available for 35 @entity1 (six with @entity159 ) from four studies. SE was controlled in 68.6% of @entity1 receiving @entity22717 either as the last drug (20) or not (15), and in 14 of the 20 @entity1 receiving @entity22717 as the last drug (70%). Only six @entity1 received @entity22717 for @entity159 ; in five of them, @entity22717 was administered as the last drug with resolution of SE in four. When comparing @entity1 who did and did not receive @entity22717 as the last drug, no statistically significant difference was found for any of the variables considered; similarly, no difference was found comparing @entity1 receiving @entity22717 as the last drug and achieving SE control with those receiving @entity22717 as the last drug but without termination of SE. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of a statistically significant difference is likely to be due to the small sample size. In only a few @entity1 was @entity22717 used for @entity159 . There is an unmet need for high-quality studies to evaluate the role of @entity22717 in @entity159 .

title: @entity1771 in the Treatment of Generalized XXXX in Adults: A Systematic Review with Individual @entity1 Data Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SRSE', 'Generalized convulsive status epilepticus', 'GCSE', 'super-refractory status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['Convulsive Status Epilepticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous evidence in healthy subjects suggested that functional polymorphisms @entity9459 @entity65833 and @entity38038 @entity65834 interact in regulating mood and emotional processing. We attempted to replicate this interaction primarily on @entity162 and @entity308 dimensions in @entity1316 @entity1 , and secondarily on @entity161 @entity1 , diagnosis itself and age of onset. METHODS: Symptom dimensions were derived from the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History 82 items rated lifetime in acute episodes and stabilized interepisode intervals in 384 @entity1 from the @entity161 and @entity162 Eastern Quebec Kindred Study. Linear mixed effect models of symptom dimensions included @entity65833 - @entity65834 main and interaction fixed effects (obtained from TaqMan genotypes), and a polygenic random effect. The distribution of lifetime best-estimate DSM-IV diagnosis of 855 kindred members was studied versus genotype under a polytomous logistic model. RESULTS: In @entity1316 @entity1 , the level of @entity162 (in both acute and stabilized periods) and @entity308 in stabilized periods was positively associated with @entity9459 @entity65833 T only in @entity38038 @entity65834 A-allele carriers (Bonferroni-corrected interaction p=0.024, 0.052 and 0.017 respectively). The two polymorphisms explained 11% of @entity162 variance and 5% of interepisode @entity308 variance. The association was observed neither in @entity161 @entity1 nor with the @entity716 dimension in @entity1316 @entity1 . Interaction with the diagnosis distribution (p=0.03) was driven by the decreasing prevalence of recurrent @entity308 with @entity65833 T also only in carriers of @entity65834 A. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was limited, but power was sufficient to detect the tested interaction effect in this replication sample. CONCLUSIONS: We replicate in affective @entity1 an interaction between the @entity38038 @entity65834 and @entity9459 @entity65833 polymorphisms in regulating mood dimensions.

title: The interaction of @entity9459 and @entity38038 genotypes may influence the @entity162 and XXXX dimensions in @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of bile routing modification on the beneficial effects of gastric bypass surgery on @entity413 and energy metabolism. BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) promotes early improvements in @entity413 and energy homeostasis in obese @entity6 @entity1 . A suggested mechanism associates a decrease in hepatic @entity413 production to an enhanced intestinal gluconeogenesis. Moreover, plasma @entity3645 are elevated after GBP and @entity3645 are inhibitors of gluconeogenesis. METHODS: In male @entity35 , we performed bile diversions from the bile duct to the midjejunum or the mid-ileum to match the modified bile delivery in the gut occurring in GBP. Body weight, food intake, @entity413 tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and food preference were analyzed. The expression of gluconeogenesis genes was evaluated in both the liver and the intestine. RESULTS: Bile diversions mimicking GBP promote an increase in plasma @entity3645 and a marked improvement in @entity413 control. Bile bioavailability modification is causal because a @entity6741 sequestrant suppresses the beneficial effects of bile diversions on @entity413 control. In agreement with the inhibitory role of @entity3645 on gluconeogenesis, bile diversions promote a blunting in hepatic @entity413 production, whereas intestinal gluconeogenesis is increased in the gut segments devoid of bile. In @entity35 fed a high-fat-high- @entity969 diet, bile diversions improve @entity413 control and dramatically decrease food intake because of an acquired disinterest in fatty food. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that bile routing modification is a key mechanistic feature in the beneficial outcomes of GBP.

title: Bile Routing Modification Reproduces Key Features of Gastric Bypass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment results in early stage @entity1149 @entity1 who have undergone fiducial-less CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2011 to November 2013, 58 @entity1 underwent CKRS at Asan Medical Center for @entity5 . After excluding 14 @entity1 , we retrospectively reviewed the records of the remaining 44 @entity1 . All analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 21. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 75 years. Most @entity1 had inoperable primary @entity2 with a poor pulmonary function test with comorbidity or old age. The clinical stage was IA in 30 @entity1 (68.2%), IB in 14 (31.8%). The mean @entity5 size was 2.6 cm (range, 1.2 to 4.8 cm), and the @entity5 was smaller than 2 cm in 12 @entity1 (27.3%). The radiation dose given was 48-60 Gy in 3-4 fractions. In a median follow-up of 23.1 months, local recurrence occurred in three @entity1 (2-year local recurrence-free survival rate, 90.4%) and distant @entity3 occurred in 13 @entity1 . All @entity1 tolerated the radiosurgery well, only two @entity1 developing grade 3 @entity1353 . The most common complications were radiation-induced @entity82 and @entity55 . Eight @entity1 died due to @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: The results showed that fiducial-less CKRS shows comparable @entity5 control and survival rates to those of LINAC-based SABR or CKRS with a fiducial marker. Thus, fiducial-less CKRS using Xsight lung tracking system can be effectively and safely performed for @entity1 with medically inoperable stage I @entity1149 without any risk of procedure-related complication.

title: Clinical outcome of fiducial-less CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage I lung cancer', 'cancer', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Potential scaffolds for repair of the female pelvic floor require new materials and fabrication by novel methods to improve cellular infiltration. An 'ideal' engineered scaffold for pelvic-floor tissue should mimic the three-dimensional (3D) network of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which possesses intricate macro- and nano-architecture. In this study, a series of blended poly(l-lactide-co-ecaprolactone) P(LLA-CL)/thermoplastic @entity2636 (TPU) microyarn/microfibrous scaffolds were produced with different weight ratios via dynamic liquid electrospinning and electrospinning. Both biopolymers were dissolved in @entity18560 ( @entity18561 ). Our data showed the mean diameter of microyarn scaffolds to be significantly larger than that of microfibers. Microyarn scaffolds possessed large pore sizes and high porosity. There was no significant difference between the mechanical properties of microyarn and microfibrous scaffolds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that intermolecular bonds were not present between the molecules of TPU and P(LLA-CL). Morphologic observations using scanning electron microscopy and inverted fluorescence microscopy showed that adipose-derived stem cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein could grow well along or within blend microyarns and migrate within the novel 3D scaffolds. @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining demonstrated that cell infiltration on microyarn scaffolds was significantly enhanced. The CCK-8 assay showed that microyarns could significantly facilitate cell proliferation compared with microfibrous scaffolds. These results suggested that blend microyarns of P(LLA-CL)/TPU designed to mimic the ECM for female pelvic-floor tissue may be excellent macroporous scaffolds for tissue repair.

title: Fabrication of electrospun thermoplastic XXXX blended poly (l-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) microyarn scaffolds for engineering of female pelvic-floor tissue.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: Individual variations in activity of pulmonary enzymes that metabolize @entity286 -derived carcinogens may affect an individual's @entity5 risk from cigarette smoking. To investigate whether some of these enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450IA-related) can serve as markers for carcinogen-induced DNA damage accumulating in the lungs of smokers, non-tumorous lung tissue specimens were taken during surgery from middle-aged @entity1 with either @entity2 (n = 54) or non-neoplastic @entity358 (n = 20). Phase I ( @entity4187 , ECDE) and phase II (EH, @entity46156 , GST) enzyme activities, @entity2041 and @entity1234 contents were determined in lung parenchyma and/or bronchial tissues; some samples were analyzed for DNA adducts, using 32P-postlabeling. Data analysis of subsets or the whole group of @entity1 yielded the following results. (1) Phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzyme ( @entity4187 , EH, @entity46156 , GST) activities in histologically normal surgical specimens of lung parenchyma were correlated with the respective enzyme activities in bronchial tissues of the same subject. (2) In lung parenchyma, enzyme ( @entity4187 , ECDE, EH, @entity46156 ) activities were significantly and positively related to each other, implying a similar regulatory control of their expression. (3) Mean activities of pulmonary enzymes ( @entity4187 , ECDE) were significantly (2- and 7-fold, respectively) higher in @entity2 @entity1 who had smoked within 30 days before surgery (except GST, which was @entity308 ) than in @entity5 with a similar smoking history. (4) In the @entity5 @entity1 , the time required for @entity4187 , EH and @entity46156 activities to return to the level found in non-smoking subjects was several weeks. (5) Bronchial tree and peripheral lung parenchyma preparations exhibited a poor efficiency in activating promutagens to bacterial mutagens in Salmonella. However, they decreased the mutagenicity of several direct-acting mutagens, an effect which was more pronounced in tissue from recent smokers. @entity2197 concentration and GST activity were positively correlated with mutagen inactivation in the same sample. (6) In recent smokers, @entity4187 activity in lung parenchyma was positively correlated with the level of @entity286 smoke-derived DNA adducts. (7) Pulmonary @entity4187 and EH activity had prognostic value in @entity286 -related @entity2 @entity1 . (8) An enhanced level of pro-oxidant state in the lungs was associated with recent cigarette smoking. @entity1234 level in lung parenchyma was associated with the degree of small airway obstruction, suggesting a common free radical-mediated pathway for both @entity2 induction and small airway obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carcinogen metabolism and DNA adducts in @entity1 lung tissues as affected by @entity286 smoking or metabolic phenotype: a case-control study on @entity2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-free subjects', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity65103 is a pH-regulated chaperone of the secretory pathway. In the acidic milieu of the Golgi, its C-terminal tail changes conformation, simultaneously exposing the substrate-binding site for cargo capture and the RDEL motif for ER retrieval through interactions with cognate receptors. Protonation of @entity462 29 in the active site allows tail movements in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that conserved @entity3793 residues in the C-terminal tail also regulate @entity65103 in vivo. Mutants lacking these @entity3793 residues retain substrates more efficiently. Surprisingly, they are also O-glycosylated and partially secreted. Co-expression of client proteins prevents secretion of the @entity3793 mutants, forcing tail opening and RDEL accessibility. Client-induced RDEL exposure allows retrieval of proteins from distinct stations along the secretory pathway, as indicated by the changes in O-glycosylation patterns upon overexpression of different partners. The ensuing gradients might help to optimize folding and assembly of different cargoes. Endogenous @entity65103 is O-glycosylated and secreted by @entity1 primary endometrial cells, suggesting possible pathophysiological roles of these processes.

title: Progressive quality control of secretory proteins in the early secretory compartment by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

answer: @entity65103 :: (23071,Gene) :: ['ERp44']


abstract: The decrease in glomerular filtration rate that is characteristic of @entity295 has been shown to result from the local glomerular inhibition of endothelial @entity842 synthase (NOS) by @entity842 (NO) generated from the inducible isoform of NOS ( @entity1506 ). @entity1506 activation depends on de novo synthesis of both RNA and protein. Therefore it is assumed that several hours are required for its full activation. Yet the renal hemodynamic response in @entity295 has been documented as early as 60 minutes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Experiments were designed to determine the time course of LPS-induced glomerular @entity1506 mRNA expression and activity in @entity35 . @entity35 were treated with LPS (2 mg/kg body weight IP). Kidneys were removed after 1,2, 4, 6, and 16 hours. Glomeruli were isolated and incubated. @entity842 generation was measured with a Griess assay, and @entity1506 mRNA was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Similar time course experiments were repeated in glomeruli isolated from normal @entity35 and exposed to LPS in vitro. A significant increase in @entity1506 mRNA expression was evident as early as 60 minutes after both in vivo and in vitro administration of LPS. The quantity of @entity1506 mRNA reached its peak between 2 to 4 hours after administration and declined to baseline levels after 16 hours. Immunohistochemical studies were remarkable for a significant increase in the staining for @entity1506 in glomeruli 2 hours after the in vivo administration of LPS. Plasma @entity842 concentration after the in vivo administration of LPS increased from a baseline level of 11.25 +/- 0.8 micromol/L to a peak level of 62.9 +/- 3.8 micromol/L (P < .05 vs baseline) at 4 hours and then decreased to 17.5 +/-1.9 micromol/L at 16 hours. Similar results were obtained when the glomerular generation of @entity842 after in vivo administration of LPS was measured (2.6 +/- 0.8 pmol/h/microg tissue, 17.2 +/- 2.1 pmol/h/microg tissue (P < .05 vs baseline), and 0.4 +/- 0.65 pmol/h/microg tissue, respectively). These results provide evidence of the rapid activation of glomerular @entity1506 after in vivo and ex vivo administration of LPS and thus support the role of @entity842 in the early renal hemodynamic response to LPS.

title: Time course of lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity842 synthase mRNA expression in XXXX glomeruli.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pneumatic dilation is a commonly used treatment in @entity1318 . Recent studies have shown that esophageal distensibility measurements can be used to assess the effect of dilation and possibly the risk of perforation. A new @entity227 of the shape of the balloon in vivo and measurement of distensibility during dilation. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon for the treatment of @entity1318 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1318 were dilated using a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon. @entity1 were contacted 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after dilation. Technical success, clinical success, and major complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all of the 10 @entity1 included. Median esophagogastric junction distensibility (mm(2)/mmHg) increased from 1.1 (IQR 0.6-1.3) before dilation therapy to 7.0 (IQR 5.5-17.8) afterwards (P=0.005). No major complications were seen. Three @entity1 (30%) reported recurrent @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: @entity384 with a shape-measuring balloon in @entity1318 @entity1 is feasible. In vivo esophageal distensibility measurements may allow for an individualized, @entity1 -specific dilation regimen.The Netherlands National Trial Register: NTR4371.

title: XXXX with a shape-measuring balloon in idiopathic @entity1318 : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['hydraulic dilation balloon allows visualization']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Hydraulic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Hydraulic dilation']


abstract: The most common @entity1489 are @entity189 : basocellulare, spinocellulare, planoepitheliale and @entity320 . Early surgical treatment is crucial for recovery as well as for good aesthetic result, especially on exposed body parts. All those lesions are visible for observers and the time from their appearance to surgical treatment seems to be too long. The aim of the study was to answer the following questions: 1. After what time from the @entity272 appearance the @entity1 report to a surgeon? 2. What is the underlying cause of delayed reporting for treatment of @entity1 with @entity272 ? MATERIAL AND METHODS: Questionnaire studies and analysis of medical histories were performed in the group of @entity1 referred to Plastic Surgery Out- @entity1 Clinic in     d   because of facial @entity1489 in the last 5 years. Finally we collected data for 123 @entity1 . RESULTS: The analyzed group consisted mostly of @entity1 (n=72). The age of respondents ranged from 45 to 92 years, mean 69.9 years    10.8 years. Mean time from observing lesion to the first medical consultation was 7.3 months and to visiting our Out- @entity1 Clinic was 2.7 years (ranged from 3 months to 16 years). All @entity1 were qualified to surgical excision of @entity5 . Histopathological verification confirmed diagnosis of @entity5 in 116 @entity1 . In question concerning causes of delay in medical consultation or treatment, all respondents answered that fear of surgical procedure was one of the reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of surgical treatment is the most common cause of delay in @entity1 ' visiting doctor. In our society conviction of @entity5 spreading after surgical excision is common, especially among elderly.

title: Face XXXX --reasons for delayed treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor', 'skin neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma malignum']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin neoplasms']


abstract: The mechanisms that underlie activation of nicotinic receptors are investigated using @entity1 recombinant receptors, both wild type and receptors that contain the slow channel @entity8491 mutation, epsilon @entity66694 . The method uses the program HJCFIT, which fits the rate constants in a specified mechanism directly to a sequence of observed open and shut times by maximising the likelihood of the sequence with exact correction for missed events. A mechanism with two different binding sites was used. The rate constants that apply to the diliganded receptor (opening, shutting and total dissociation rates) were estimated robustly, being insensitive to the exact assumptions made during fitting, as expected from simulation studies. They are sufficient to predict the main physiological properties of the receptors. The epsilon @entity66694 mutation causes an approximately 4-fold reduction in dissociation rate from diliganded receptors, and a smaller increase in opening rate and mean open time. These are sufficient to explain the approximately 6-fold slowing of decay of miniature synaptic currents seen in @entity1 . The distinction between the two binding sites was less robust, the estimates of rate constants being dependent to some extent on assumptions, e.g. whether an extra short-lived shut state was included or whether the EC50 was constrained. The results suggest that the two binding sites differ by roughly 10-fold in the affinity of the shut receptor for @entity1617 in the wild type, and that in the epsilon @entity66694 mutation the lower affinity is increased so the sites become more similar.

title: Properties of the XXXX muscle nicotinic receptor, and of the slow-channel @entity8491 mutant epsilonL221F, inferred from maximum likelihood fits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible @entity2359 effects of 3 @entity614 ( @entity614 ) ( @entity3798 Plus, GuttaFlow, iRoot SP) on cultured @entity35 @entity4494 ( @entity4494 ) neurons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Primary cultures of @entity4494 neurons were obtained from 1 to 2-day old @entity35 . Freshly mixed @entity614 were incubated in sterile @entity4613 buffered saline and cells were incubated with supernatants of the @entity614 for different time intervals (1-, 3-, 6- and 24-h; 1 or 1/10 diluted) and viability/ @entity137 was tested by counting the number of live cells. Pair of dishes with cells from the same culture incubated with only culture medium was considered as negative controls. Cell images were captured and acquired at x200 magnification using a microscope equipped with a camera using special image program. The viable cells were manually counted assigned from the images for each dose and incubation duration. Data was analysed by using 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests. RESULTS: There was no significant change in cell viability after short duration of incubation (1- and 3-h) with the supernatant of any of @entity614 , except for undiluted- @entity3798 Plus at 3-h. When @entity3798 Plus was compared with other @entity614 , for diluted supernatants, there was only significant difference between iRoot SP and @entity3798 Plus at 24-h (P<0.05). Whereas undiluted- @entity3798 Plus was significantly more cytotoxic for 3-, 6- and 24-h periods as compared to respective incubation periods of undiluted other groups (P<0.05). GuttaFlow groups had similar @entity2359 effect on cells for all test periods. CONCLUSIONS: All tested @entity614 exhibited a variable degree of @entity2359 on these primary sensory neurons of orofacial tissues, depending on their chemical compositions. GuttaFlow and iRoot SP evoked a less toxic response to @entity4494 cells than @entity3798 Plus. Key words: @entity2359 , trigeminal ganglia, cell culture, root canal sealer, @entity3798 Plus, GuttaFlow, iRoot SP.

title: @entity2359 evaluation of three XXXX on cultured @entity35 @entity4494 neurons.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['root canal sealers', 'RCSs']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['root canal sealers']


abstract: Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity2135 has been shown to protect against @entity64 in @entity35 . This method of delivery is not practical in @entity1 beings, as it requires an operation with risk of @entity281 . Intranasal (i.n.) delivery offers a noninvasive method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier to deliver @entity2135 to the brain. This study delineates the window of opportunity for treatment of focal cerebral @entity2806 using i.n. @entity2135 after @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). @entity35 were allowed to survive 7 days after 2 hours of @entity2500 . @entity1188 volume, apoptosis after 7 days, and neurologic deficit scores from the postural reflex and adhesive tape tests assessing motor-sensory and somatosensory functions, respectively, at 1 to 7 days were used to evaluate the efficacy of i.n. @entity2135 (150 microg) administered at different times after @entity2500 . I.n. @entity2135 significantly reduced @entity1188 volume by 54%; and 39%; versus control when administered at 2 or 4 hours, respectively, after the onset of @entity2500 (P < .05) and improved motor-sensory and somatosensory functions (P < .05) when administered 2 hours after the onset of @entity2500 . In addition, treatment with i.n. @entity2135 at 2, 4, or 6 hours after @entity2500 decreased apoptotic cell counts by more than 90%; in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the occlusion. I.n. @entity2135 is a promising treatment for @entity64 with a therapeutic window of opportunity for up to 6 hours after the onset of @entity63 . This noninvasive method provides a simpler, safer, and potentially more cost-effective method of delivery than other methods currently in use.

title: The window of opportunity for treatment of focal cerebral @entity2806 with noninvasive intranasal insulin-like growth factor-I in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and other complications']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the influence of comparing current mammograms with prior mammograms on @entity0 detection in screening and to investigate a protocol in which prior mammograms are viewed only when necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was not required. @entity1 gave written informed consent. Twelve experienced screening radiologists read 160 soft-copy screening mammograms twice, once with and once without prior mammograms. Eighty mammograms were obtained in @entity1 in whom @entity0 was diagnosed later; the other 80 mammograms had been reported as normal or benign. All @entity5 were visible in retrospect. Readers located potential abnormalities, estimated likelihood of @entity5 for each finding, and indicated whether prior mammograms were considered necessary. The effect of prior mammograms on detection was determined by computing the mean lesion localized fraction in a range of low fractions of nonlesion locations corresponding to operating points in screening. Scores for both reading sessions were combined to assess the effect of making prior mammograms available only when requested. Data were analyzed by comparing the number of localized lesions between the two reading conditions with a paired two-tailed Student t test and applying a linear mixed model to test differences in average mean lesion localized fraction between reading conditions. P values less than .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Without prior mammograms, significantly more annotations were made. When only positive cases were considered, no difference was observed. Reading performance was significantly better when prior screening mammograms were available. At fixed lesion localized fraction, nonlesion localized fraction was reduced by 44% (P<.001) on average when prior mammograms were read. Performance was also increased for combined reading mode (ie, when prior mammograms were available on request only). However, this increase was smaller than that when prior mammograms were always available. Prior mammograms were requested in 24%-33% of all cases and were requested more often in positive cases. CONCLUSION: Comparison with prior mammograms significantly improves overall performance and can reduce referrals due to nonlesion locations. Limiting the availability of prior mammograms to cases selected by the reader reduces the beneficial effect of prior mammograms.

title: Importance of comparison of current and prior mammograms in XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: To determine whether the site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 can predict the long-term prognosis of @entity951 , @entity3361 (more than 90% narrowing) provoked with @entity934 was studied in 66 consecutive @entity1 (56 males, 10 females, mean age 56 +/- 9 years) with @entity951 . All @entity1 were followed for 6.7 +/- 0.9 years and the incidence of @entity299 such as @entity944 , @entity583 or worsened unstable @entity951 was compared with the site and morphology of provoked @entity2473 . The site of @entity2473 was regarded as proximal when @entity2473 occurred in the proximal site of 3 major coronary arteries which was designated as segment 1, 6 or 11, according to the classification of the American Heart Association, and distal in other segments. The morphology of @entity2473 was classified into 3 types, focal (12 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting less than 25%), diffuse (17 cases, diffuse more than 90% narrowing), and intermediate (37 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting 25-90%). The site of @entity2473 was classified into 2 types, the proximal group (24 cases) and the distal group (42 cases). @entity299 occurred in 7 @entity1 during the follow-up period: @entity944 in 2, @entity583 in 2, and worsened unstable @entity951 in 3. As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 21% (5/24 @entity1 ) in the proximal group, significantly higher than 5% (2/42) in the distal group (p < 0.05). As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 41% (5/12) in the focal group, significantly higher than 3% (1/37) in the intermediate group and 6% (1/17) in the diffuse group (p < 0.001). The presence of proximal and focal @entity3361 was associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity299 . The site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 is related to the long-term prognosis of @entity951 .

title: [ @entity299 in @entity951 : site and morphology of @entity3361 is related to the long-term prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['vasospastic angina']


abstract: Biogenic amine receptors mediate wide-ranging hormonal and modulatory functions in vertebrates, but are largely unknown in primitive invertebrates. In a representative of the most basal multicellular animals possessing a nervous system, the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri, aminergic-like receptors were previously characterized pharmacologically and found to engender control of the animal's bioluminescent and peristaltic reactions. Using degenerate oligonucleotides in a RT-PCR strategy, we obtained a full-length cDNA encoding a polypeptide with typical @entity24101 ( @entity24101 ) characteristics and which displayed a significant degree of sequence similarity (up to 45%) to biogenic amine receptors, particularly dopamine and adrenergic receptors. The new receptor, named @entity29604 , did not resemble any one specific type of amine @entity24101 and thus could not be identified on the basis of sequence. @entity29604 was expressed transiently and stably in cultured @entity1 cells, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Functional analysis of transfected HEK293, @entity28635 - and COS-7 cells, based on both cAMP and Ca2+ signalling assays, revealed that @entity29604 was not activated by any of the known biogenic amines tested and several related metabolites. The results indicated, however, that cells stably expressing @entity29604 contained, on average, an 11-fold higher level of cAMP than the controls, in the absence of agonist stimulation. The high basal cAMP levels were shown to be specific for @entity29604 and to vary proportionally with the level of @entity29604 expressed in the transfected cells. Taken together, the data suggested that @entity29604 was expressed as a constitutively active receptor. Its identification provides a basis for examination of the early evolutionary emergence of GPCRs and their functional properties.

title: A new @entity24101 from a primitive metazoan shows homology with vertebrate aminergic receptors and displays constitutive activity in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity24101 :: ('10663', 'Gene') :: ['G protein-coupled receptor', 'GPCR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Despite the decrease in @entity645 -associated morbidity and mortality with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of @entity27802 ( @entity27802 ) has not decreased as significantly. Therefore, we compared epidemiologic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity27802 in the pre-HAART and HAART eras. We used the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of @entity645 -Related Diseases database of Public Health-Seattle and King County to determine incidences and trends among @entity1 with @entity27802 in Seattle/King County, WA. We noted a significant decrease in the incidence of @entity3457 @entity1 with @entity27802 (36.6 vs. 8.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years). The percentage of @entity1 (2% vs. 14%), minorities (black @entity1 9% vs. 29%; Hispanic @entity1 6% vs. 21%; Native American @entity1 0 vs. 14%), and individuals originating from outside the United States (10% vs. 29%) increased significantly. There was also a significant increase in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity27802 at @entity404 + counts > or = 200 cells/microL (3% vs. 21%) and a large decrease in median @entity2858 viral loads at @entity27802 diagnosis (264,667 copies/mL vs. 35,500 copies/mL). Median survival time increased from 3 months to 13 months, and there was a significant decrease in comorbid opportunistic illnesses (83% vs. 36%). In conclusion, @entity27802 incidence decreased significantly and @entity1 profiles changed substantially in the Seattle/King County ASD project. @entity3457 @entity1 with @entity27802 were more likely @entity1 , minorities, have improved immunologic status, and fewer comorbid opportunistic illnesses. This changing profile of @entity1 with @entity27802 parallels larger changes seen among the general @entity791 population in the HAART era.

title: Clinical and immunologic profile of XXXX in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity27802 :: ('MESH:D016483', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-related lymphoma', 'ARL']

answer: @entity27802 :: (MESH:D016483,Disease) :: ['AIDS-related lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Risk stratification is of utmost importance for @entity1 with @entity884 ( @entity884 ) who need surgery. However, for these critically ill @entity1 , aspecific scoring systems are used to predict the risk of @entity204 after surgery. The aim of this study was both to analyze the risk factors for in- @entity204 , which complicates surgery for @entity884 and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis. METHODS: Outcomes of 138 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 60.6      8.5  years) who had undergone surgery for @entity884 in an Italian cardiac surgery center between 1999 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively and a risk factor analysis (multivariable logistic regression) for in- @entity204 was performed. The discriminatory power of a new predictive scoring system was assessed with the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (20.3%) @entity1 died in hospital following surgery. @entity417 [odds ratio (OR) 11.0, p = 0.035), New York Heart Association class IV (OR 2.61, p = 0.09), critical state (OR 4.97, p = 0.016), large intracardiac destruction (OR 6.45, p = 0.0014), and surgery of the thoracic aorta (OR 7.51, p = 0.041) were independent predictors of @entity204 . A new scoring system was devised to predict in- @entity204 after surgery for @entity884 (area under ROC curve, 0.828, 95% confidence interval, 0.754-0.887). The score outperformed six of seven scoring systems, for early @entity204 after cardiac surgery, that were considered. CONCLUSIONS: A simple scoring system based on risk factors for in- @entity204 was specifically created to predict mortality risk after surgery for @entity884 . Prospective studies are needed for the score validation.

title: A risk factor analysis for in-hospital mortality after surgery for XXXX and a proposal of a new predictive scoring system.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is ideal to use not a transperitoneal but a retroperitoneal approach for both open and endoscopic partial nephrectomy. We compared the results of retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for small @entity703 using a microwave tissue coagulator without renal pedicle clamping with those of a retroperitoneal open procedure. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002, eight @entity1 with small @entity703 underwent retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy without @entity8 , and nine @entity1 with small @entity703 underwent open partial nephrectomy via a retroperitoneal approach. Both groups were operated on using a microwave tissue coagulator. RESULTS: Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy without @entity8 was performed without any major or minor complications in any @entity1 . The mean operation time for retroperitoneoscopic surgery was significantly longer than that for open partial nephrectomy (221.9 minutes v 145.9 minutes; P = 0.0004). However, the mean estimated @entity190 for retroperitoneoscopic surgery was less than that for open partial nephrectomy (137.5 mL v 334.8 mL; P = 0.012). In addition, the retroperitoneoscopic group seemed to recover more rapidly than the open surgery group. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery of small @entity703 using a microwave tissue coagulator without @entity8 is feasible as minimally invasive procedure. It results in saving renal function, minimal @entity190 , and rapid recovery.

title: @entity703 using a microwave tissue coagulator without XXXX : comparison with open procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']