abstract: The reduced pressure response to @entity1063 during @entity295 has directed our interest to the regulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors. Because nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB occupies a prominent role in the inflammatory cascade, we hypothesized that NF-kappaB downregulates alpha1-receptors by liberation of proinflammatory cytokines and thereby contributes to septic @entity1457 . @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture ( @entity12147 ) in wild-type @entity19 and @entity19 with deficiencies for proinflammatory cytokines, and @entity19 were injected with @entity637 , @entity635 , @entity60 , or @entity777 . Animals were treated with glucocorticoids or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting multiple cytokines and NF-kappaB. Vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with cytokines and @entity460 mobilization, mRNA stability assays, and promoter studies with alpha1-promoter-luciferase constructs were performed. Cecal ligation and puncture treatment resulted in a @entity1457 , diminished @entity460 response to @entity1063 , and a significant downregulation of alpha1-receptors. Proinflammatory cytokines also downregulated alpha1-receptors by suppressing promoter activity at the level of gene transcription. However, suppression of single proinflammatory cytokines in cytokine knockout @entity19 did not diminish @entity12147 -induced downregulation of alpha1-receptors. In contrast, blocking multiple cytokines via siRNA pretreatment or glucocorticoid administration attenuated @entity12147 -induced @entity65 and downregulation of alpha1-receptors. Furthermore, inhibiting NF-kappaB activity by siRNA reduced the production of cytokines, prevented @entity1457 and downregulation of alpha1-receptors, and improved survival of septic @entity19 . Our findings indicate that NF-kappaB has a central role in augmenting proinflammatory cytokine production during @entity295 , which in turn downregulates alpha1-receptor expression. Our data further define a critical role for NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of @entity326 , indicating that targeting NF-kappaB is a desired therapeutic strategy to treat septic @entity7441 .

title: Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity prevents downregulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors and @entity1457 during @entity12147 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure', 'hyperdynamic circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['vasoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a large body of resuscitation research, the optimal timing and approach to prognosticating futility after nontraumatic @entity1167 remains controversial. Postresuscitation @entity2806 may leave @entity1 @entity73 and dependent, minimally conscious, or in a persistent vegetative state. Neurologists are frequently called upon to assess @entity1167 @entity1 to communicate accurate prognostic information and to assist in planning the most appropriate level of care. Serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ), when used in conjunction with other available prognostic tools, may be a useful tool for predicting clinical outcome in this @entity1 population. OBJECTIVE: Determine the clinical utility of a serum @entity3508 measurement for predicting the neurologic outcome of a survivor after resuscitation from a nontraumatic @entity1167 . METHODS: We addressed the question through the development of a structured, critically appraised topic. @entity1 included consultant and resident neurologists, clinical epidemiologists, medical librarian, and clinical content experts in the fields of emergency medicine, cardiac resuscitation, and critical care neurology. @entity1 started with a clinical scenario and a structured question, devised search strategies, located and compiled the best evidence, performed a critical appraisal, synthesized the results, summarized the evidence, provided commentary, and declared bottom-line conclusions. RESULTS: A single recent prospective cohort study, which assessed the predictive value of serum @entity3508 was selected and appraised. A level of 80 ng/mL was determined to predict persistent @entity772 with a sensitivity of 63% (95% CI, 49%-75%), and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 84%, and a negative LR of 0.37. CONCLUSIONS: The specificity of serum @entity3508 levels >80 ng/mL is sufficiently high that, when it is used with other clinical and electrophysiological data, it could be useful as a prognostic indicator of neurologic outcome after @entity1167 . Although serum @entity3508 is an appealing, simple, readily available test, prediction of neurologic outcome after resuscitation from @entity1167 must not rely solely on a serum biomarker, but must be determined in the context of other @entity1 characteristics and neurologic examination findings.

title: Serum XXXX to predict neurological outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a critically appraised topic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively disabled']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['comatose postcardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['neuron specific enolase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and assess the accuracy of risk prediction models to diagnose @entity1204 in @entity1 having @entity548 ( @entity548 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 4383 @entity1 in a One-stop @entity548 clinic from a university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Clinical risk factors, transvaginal ultrasonic measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) and endometrial histology were obtained from consecutive @entity1 between 2002 and 2013. Two models to predict risk of @entity1204 were developed and assessed, one based on @entity1 characteristics alone and a second incorporated ET with @entity1 characteristics. Endometrial histology was used as the reference standard. The split-sample internal validation and bootstrapping technique were adopted. The optimal threshold for prediction of @entity1204 by the final models was determined using a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Youden Index. The diagnostic gain was compared to a reference strategy of measuring ET only by comparing the AUC using the Delong test. RESULTS: Out of 4383 @entity1 with @entity548 , 168 (3.8%) were diagnosed with @entity1204 . ET alone had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.89-0.94). In the @entity1 characteristics only model, independent predictors of @entity5 were age at presentation, age at menopause, body mass index, nulliparity and recurrent @entity3556 . The AUC and Youdens Index of the @entity1 characteristic only model were respectively 0.73 (95% CI 0.67-0.80) and 0.72 (Sensitivity=66.5%; Specificity=68.9%; +ve LR=2.14; -ve LR=0.49). ET, age at presentation, nulliparity and recurrent @entity3556 were independent predictors in the @entity1 characteristics plus ET model. The AUC and Youdens Index of the @entity1 characteristic plus ET model where respectively 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.96) and 0.71 (Sensitivity=82.7%; Specificity=88.3%; +ve LR=6.38; -ve LR=0.2). Comparison of AUC indicated that a history alone model was inferior to a model using ET alone (difference=0.19, 95% CI 0.15-0.24; p<0.0001) and History plus ET (difference=0.19, 95% CI 0.16-0.23, p<0.0001) and history plus ET was similar to that of using ET alone (difference=0.001 95% CI -0.015 to 0.0018, p=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: A risk model using only @entity1 characteristics showed fair diagnostic accuracy. Addition of @entity1 characteristics to ET did not improve the diagnostic accuracy as compared to ET alone in our cohort.

title: Development and validation of prediction models for @entity1204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'PMB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although statin therapy is beneficial for preventing first @entity64 , the benefit for recurrent @entity64 and its sub-types remains unknown in Asian populations. The aim of this study is to examine the role of pravastatin in the secondary prevention of @entity64 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel group study of @entity1 with noncardioembolic @entity385 ( @entity1188 , @entity1188 , and @entity1188 of undetermined etiology). All @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity407 and with a total @entity165 level between 180 and 240   mg/dl at enrollment. @entity1 in the treatment group receive 10   mg/day of @entity8673 , and those in the control group receive no statin treatment. The primary end-point is the recurrence of @entity64 , including transient @entity63 attack. The secondary end-points include the onset of @entity64 sub-types and functional outcomes related to @entity64 . The @entity1 were enrolled for five-years and will be followed up for five-years. RESULTS: A total of 1578 eligible @entity1 (age: 66  2 years, @entity1 : 68  8%), including 64  2% with @entity1188 , 25  4% with @entity1188 , and 10  4% with @entity1188 of undetermined etiology were included in this study. Lipid levels were generally well controlled (total @entity165 : 210  0   mg/dl, low density lipoprotein @entity165 : 129  5   mg/dl) at baseline. In addition, the disability of @entity1 was relatively mild, and cognitive function was preserved in the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This article reports the rationale, design, and baseline features of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of statin for the secondary prevention of @entity64 . Follow-ups of @entity1 are in progress and will end in 2014.

title: Rationale, design, and baseline features of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of statin for the secondary prevention of @entity64 : the Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent XXXX (J-STARS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'respective stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic infarction', 'infarction', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect and security of Sanqi Tongshu capsule in treating @entity63 strkoe. METHOD: A multicenter, no dummy, open labeled clincal trail was conducted. 1 753 @entity1 were enrolled in this clinical trial. All @entity1 were treated with the Sanqi Tongshu capsule (200 mg, three times a day) for 28 days. The score of Europe @entity64 Score (ESS) and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated before and after treatment. The adverse reaction occurred in the therapeutic course was also observed. RESULT: Finally, 1742 cases and 1676 cases were respectively assessable by Full analysis set (FAS) analysis and Full analysis set (FAS) analysis. Clinical symptoms markedly improved in @entity1 after treatment, and the score of ESS and BI had significantly improved (P<0.05). According to the score of ESS and BI, the total effect analysis indicated that the total effective rate in FAS and @entity4875 were 81.86% and 84.43% respectively. The rate of adverse reaction was 3.44%, and the raction was so slight that didn't need to receive therapy or withdral drug. CONCLUSION: Sanqi Tongshu capsule is effect and secure in treating @entity385 without obvious adverse reaction.

title: [Clinical study on effect of sanqi tongshu capsule in treating XXXX : multicenter clinical trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Pretreatment of @entity19 with Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) enhances recovery of the peripheral granulocyte count from @entity786 (CTX)-induced @entity1431 . In the present study, in vitro bone marrow culture was used to assess the effect of BCG pretreatment on serum levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity and on regeneration of bone marrow myeloid colony-forming units (CFU-c) following CTX. C57BL/6 @entity19 received either BCG or 0.9% @entity1219 solution i.p. 8 days prior to the administration of CTX (300 mg/kg i.p.). Following CTX, peak serum levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity were strikingly higher in the BCG-pretreated @entity19 [1320 +/- 30 (S.E.) units] than in the 0.9% @entity1219 solution-pretreated @entity19 (764 +/- 37 units). BCG pretreatment also resulted in higher numbers of marrow CFU-c during recovery from CTX (e.g., 43.9 +/- 1.8 versus 20.0 +/- 0.9 myeloid colonies/10(5) marrow cells, Day 3 post- @entity3525 ). However, neither the rate of decline nor the absolute nadir of CFU-c, nor CFU-c cell cycle characteristics were affected by the pretreatment. The initial effect of i.p. BCG pretreatment on recovery from CTX-induced @entity3028 is an augmentation of serum myeloid colony-stimulating activity which precedes the enhanced regeneration of CFU-c and the accelerated recovery of the peripheral granulocyte count.

title: Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin enhancement of colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation following administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: We piloted three-dimensional (3D) body scanning in @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) @entity1 . Assessments of 22 @entity1277 @entity1 (including nine @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) @entity1 , 12 @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) @entity1 , and one @entity1 with @entity1277 not otherwise specified) and 22 matched controls are presented. Volunteers underwent visual screening, two-dimensional (2D) digital photography to assess perception and dissatisfaction (via computerized image distortion), and adjunctive 3D full-body scanning. @entity1 and controls perceived themselves as bigger than their true shape (except in the chest region for controls and @entity448 @entity1 ). All @entity1 wished to be smaller across all body regions. @entity1 had poorer veridical perception and greater dissatisfaction than controls. Perception was generally poorer and dissatisfaction greater in @entity6426 compared with @entity448 @entity1 . 3D-volume:2D-area relationships showed that @entity448 cases had least tissue on the torso and most on the arms and legs relative to frontal area. The engagement of @entity1 with the scanning process suggests a validation study is viable. This would enable mental constructs of body image to be aligned with segmental volume of body areas, overcoming limitations, and errors associated with 2D instruments restricted to frontal (coronal) shapes. These novel data could inform the design of clinical trials in adjunctive treatments for @entity1277 .

title: Body image, shape, and volumetric assessments using 3D whole body laser scanning and 2D digital photography in females with a diagnosed XXXX : preliminary novel findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'ED', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Reports of Gorham disease of the lumbar spine complicated by @entity1028 are rare. PURPOSE: We herein report the case of a @entity1 with Gorham disease of the lumber spine involving an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A 49-year-old @entity1 had a 1-month history of right leg @entity158 and severe @entity1643 . Plain lumbar radiography revealed an @entity690 in the L4 vertebral body. Computed tomography images demonstrated the presence of an extensive @entity690 in the L4 vertebral body and an @entity1028 in front of the L4 vertebral body. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent mass resection, spinal reconstruction, and blood vessel prosthesis implantation. During surgery, it was found that the wall of the aorta had completely disappeared and was shielded by the @entity5 mass; therefore, we speculated that the mass in the lumbar spine had directly invaded the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 was able to walk without right leg or @entity1643 1 year after undergoing surgery. No recurrence was demonstrated in the magnetic resonance images taken 1 year and 10 months after surgery.

title: Gorham disease of the lumbar spine with an XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3136 is one of the irritating side effects of chemotherapy in @entity1 undergoing bone marrow transplantation. However, up until now, the common methods of @entity3136 therapy have failed to show significant effects. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of local cryotherapy on the intensity of chemotherapy-induced @entity3136 in autologous bone marrow transplantation @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this single, blinded, randomized clinical trial, 29 @entity1 undergoing stem cell transplantation in Iran were selected by convenience sampling, and randomly allocated to control (n = 13) and intervention groups (n = 16). In the intervention group, cryotherapy was applied, while the control group received a normal saline mouthwash. The severity of the @entity33 and neutrophil rate were investigated in five periods, based on the world health organization (WHO) scales. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. RESULTS: In both groups, the @entity33 reached its peak intensity on the 7th day, and the least intensity was obtained on the 21st day. The neutrophil rate reached the minimum value on the 7th day, then increased up to the 21st day. The two groups showed no significant differences between the @entity33 severity on the 14th and 21st days (P = 0.164), while the severity of the @entity33 in the cryotherapy group was significantly less than that in the saline mouthwash group (1.81 < 2.54 and 0.13 < 0.92, respectively) on the 7th and 14th days (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the neutrophil rate between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that cryotherapy is more effective than the saline mouthwash in reducing the severity of @entity33 . This method is recommended for the prevention of @entity33 in bone marrow transplantation.

title: The Effects of Oral Cryotherapy on Chemotherapy-Induced @entity3136 in XXXX Undergoing Autologous Transplantation of Blood Stem Cells: A Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity697 ) sometimes present predominantly with neurological symptoms from @entity2806 . Such @entity64 @entity1 must not receive thrombolysis therapy, which can be fatal. However, @entity1 remain at risk if there is a failure to notice concurrent @entity697 . We aimed to clarify the characteristics of @entity697 @entity1 with @entity64 to identify markers for early @entity697 detection before thrombolysis. METHODS: Using the single-center database of Stanford type A- @entity697 @entity1 between 2007 and 2013, we selected those presenting with @entity51 , presumably due to @entity2806 . Results of physical, radiological, and blood examinations were assessed in @entity697 @entity1 with @entity64 . RESULTS: Of 226 @entity697 @entity1 , 23 (10%) had @entity64 secondary to @entity697 . Of the 23 @entity1 , 21 (91%) were primarily examined by @entity64 physicians and 2 (9%) by cardiologists. Thirteen @entity1 (57%) were potential candidates for intravenous thrombolysis. Only 11 @entity1 (48%) complained of @entity662 . Positive findings indicating @entity697 included occlusion or intimal flap of the common carotid artery on carotid ultrasound in 18 (90%) of 20 patients, elevated serum d-dimer values (>= 6.9     g/mL) in 18 (78%) of 23, left @entity1269 as a neurological symptom in 17 (74%) of 23, systolic blood pressure differential above 20   mmHg between the arms in 15 (71%) of 21 @entity1 , and mediastinal widening on chest radiograph in 10 (67%) of 15 @entity1 . All 14 @entity1 who underwent complete evaluation showed 2 or more positive diagnostic findings. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of physical, radiological, and laboratory findings may be a useful rapid-screening method for @entity697 as a cause of acute @entity385 .

title: Rapid Identification of Type A Aortic Dissection as a Cause of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest/back pain']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['acute focal neurological deficits']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Simple or even rapid bioanalytical methods are rare, since they generally involve complicated, time-consuming sample preparation from the biological matrices like LLE or SPE. SPME provides a promising approach to overcome these limitations. The full potential of this innovative technique for medical diagnostics, pharmacotherapy or biochemistry has not been tapped yet. In-house manufactured SPME probes with @entity25213 (PPy) coating were evaluated using three antibiotics of high clinical relevance - @entity5136 , @entity13757 , and @entity3477 - from PBS, plasma, and whole blood. The PPy coating was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Influences of pH, inorganic salt, and blood anticoagulants were studied for optimum performance. Extraction yields were determined from stagnant media as well as re-circulating @entity1 blood using the heart-and-lung machine model system. The PPy-SPME fibres showed high extraction yields, particularly regarding linezolid. The reproducibility of the method was optimised to achieve @entity6865 of 9% or 17% and 7% for SPME from stagnant or re-circulating blood using fresh and re-used fibres, respectively. The PPy-SPME approach was demonstrated to meet the requirements of therapeutic monitoring of the drugs tested, even from re-circulating blood at physiological flow rates. SPME represents a rapid and simple dual-step procedure with potency to significantly reduce the effort and expenditure of complicated sample preparations in biomedical analysis.

title: XXXX solid phase microextraction: A new approach to rapid sample preparation for the monitoring of antibiotic drugs.

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

answer: @entity25213 :: (MESH:C067635,Chemical) :: ['Polypyrrole']


abstract: Gene @entity32102 of the @entity526 F sex factor which encodes DNA helicase I was subcloned in a lambda pL-based plasmid vector and expressed in a background of pL non-repressing cells. Neither the non-repressed pL promoter nor the production of a high level of functional helicase I are toxic. Enzyme purified from this source was studied in the electron microscope. The results show that helicase I binds cooperatively to single-stranded DNA. DNA covered with the helicase appears in fixed, negatively stained specimens as a smooth-contoured filament with a diameter of 12.5 +/- 0.4 nm and an axial periodicity of 7.0 +/- 0.2 nm. In unfixed specimens, discrete particles with axes of 12.7 +/- 0.5 nm and 7.2 +/- 0.5 nm are visible. They are consistent in size with helicase I monomers (Mr 180,000) suggesting that the molecule is almost isometric, despite a frictional ratio of 1.71 calculated from its diffusion coefficient. Helicase I free of DNA appears as aggregates. For comparison, a truncated @entity32102 , lacking coding for the @entity1472 -terminus of the product, was cloned by fusing it to an MS2 replicase gene fragment. The chimeric gene product (named helicase I @entity32103 ) retains strand-separating activity although it fails to show cooperative DNA binding behavior. Judged from the length of the helicase-I-specific sequence of this polypeptide, @entity32102 is located 1.3 kb nearer to the distal end of the F transfer operon compared to the position proposed in a previous genetic map. The revised location of @entity32102 has implications for understanding distal functions of the transfer operon.

title: XXXX DNA helicase I. Characterization of the protein and of its DNA-binding properties.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, @entity3976 , and meningoceles can prevent @entity693 , @entity932 , and @entity5745 . Various surgical techniques have been employed for repair, including open transcranial and transfacial methods. The endoscopic endonasal approach represents a minimal access but equally aggressive alternative. We conducted a systematic review of case series and case reports to assess the role of endoscopy in the management of these lesions. METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE search of the literature (1950-2010) to identify open and endoscopic surgical series for repair of anterior skull base CSF leaks, @entity3976 , and meningoceles. Comparisons were made for @entity1 and defect characteristics as well as success of repair, morbidity, and outcome. RESULTS: Seventy-one studies, involving 1178 @entity1 , were included. There was no significant difference in the rate of successful repair (~90%) between the open and endoscopic cohorts. Compared with open approaches, complications were significantly lower in the endoscopic group, including @entity693 (3.9% versus 1.1%, p = 0.034), @entity2737 (6.8% versus 0.7%, p < 0.001), and @entity295 (3.8% versus 0%, p = 0.003). Perioperative mortality was also lower in the endoscopic group (0%) compared with the open group (1.4%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our systematic review supports the endoscopic endonasal approach as a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of anterior skull base defects, which may be preferable in select @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic endonasal versus open repair of anterior skull base CSF leak, meningocele, and XXXX : a systematic review of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscess']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephaloceles']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['abscess/wound infection']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['encephalocele']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of primary @entity296 in @entity262 is clinically relevant but difficult in the absence of specific criteria. Whatever the underlying disease, @entity528 is observed during the active phase of @entity296 . The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of scintigraphic imaging with 111Indium antimyosin antibody (AM), a specific marker of the damaged myocyte, for ongoing @entity296 related to @entity262 . METHODS: 40 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity262 were studied. They were classified into two groups according to the presence (group 1, n = 30), or the absence (group 2, n = 10) of clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG) or echocardiographic signs suggestive of @entity296 . Planar and tomographic acquisitions were obtained 48 hours after injection of AM (90 MBq). Rest 201thallium (T1) scintigraphy was also performed to assess myocardial perfusion and scarring. Clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic +/- scintigraphic evaluations were repeated during follow up (17 +/- 19 months) in 36 of 40 @entity1 . RESULTS: In group 1, 13 of 30 @entity1 (43%) showed diffuse significant AM uptake throughout the left ventricle (LV), and no or mild T1 abnormality. Two of these were asymptomatic, four had normal ECG, and two had no clinical or echographic @entity1002 . All @entity1 in group 2 had negative AMA scintigraphy and normal T1 scintigraphy. During follow up of 12 AM positive @entity1 , cardiac status improved after immunosuppressive treatment was intensified in nine cases, worsened in two cases, and remained stable in one. During follow up of 24 AM negative @entity1 , cardiac status remained stable in 23 cases despite treatment not being increased in 20, including two @entity1 with sequellary @entity296 . The last @entity1 developed mild @entity1002 after 36 months. CONCLUSION: AM scintigraphy allows detection of active @entity296 related to @entity262 , with increased specificity compared with conventional methods, and increased sensitivity in some cases. Further studies are needed to assess the potential value of AM scintigraphy as a therapeutic guide.

title: 111Indium antimyosin antibody imaging of primary XXXX in @entity262 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myocytes degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial involvement']


abstract: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in @entity1 with @entity0 can be regarded as the pre-stadium of clinically manifest distant @entity3 . Here we present results on CTCs determination in peripheral blood (PB) of @entity0 @entity1 in the context of treatment. Ninety-two @entity1 were enrolled onto a prospective, unicenter study and 71 of those subjects are the focus of our analyses. CTC assessment was performed by isolating cytokeratin-positive (CK) cells by immunomagnetic techniques, with further identification by immunocytochemical methods. CTCs were detected in 47 (66%) @entity1 : 35 with primary @entity0 and 12 with @entity3 . Five (14.3%) of those @entity1 with primary @entity5 and CTCs showed first disease progression or died. Of those @entity1 with @entity3 and CTCs before chemotherapy, eleven (91.6%) died. During chemotherapy, >6 CTCs was correlated with a worse prognostic of disease in @entity1 with @entity3 (p = 0.05). Four weeks after chemotherapy, 59 @entity1 underwent a follow-up assessment. CTCs were detected in 54.2% of those @entity1 . CTCs levels, and not the presence of CTCs alone, was associated with progression free of disease (p = 0.052) and showed borderline significance with overall survival (p = 0.071). The differential prognostic and overall survival showed between @entity1 with and without elevated CTCs before and at the end of chemotherapy, is of special interest in @entity1 without clinical evidence of @entity3 .

title: Detection of circulating XXXX cells in the context of treatment: prognostic value in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Facilitation of cortical excitability of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) may improve dexterity of the affected hand after @entity64 . The effects of 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over ipsilesional M1 on movement kinematics and neural activity were examined in @entity1 with subcortical or @entity64 . METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity73 after @entity64 (16 subcortical @entity2500 , 13 MCA @entity64 involving subcortical tissue and primary or secondary cortical sensorimotor areas) received 1 session of 10 Hz rTMS (5-second stimulation, 25-second break, 1,000 pulses, 80% of the resting motor threshold) applied over: 1) ipsilesional @entity25089 ) vertex (control stimulation). For behavioral testing, 29 @entity1 performed index finger and hand tapping movements with the affected and unaffected hand prior to and following each rTMS application. For functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 @entity1 performed index finger tapping movements with the affected and unaffected hand before and after each rTMS application. RESULTS: Ten-Hz rTMS over ipsilesional M1, but not over vertex, improved movement kinematics in 14 of 16 @entity1 with subcortical @entity64 , but not in @entity1 with additional @entity64 . Ten-Hz rTMS slightly deteriorated dexterity of the affected hand in 7 of 13 @entity64 @entity1 . At a neural level, rTMS over ipsilesional M1 reduced neural activity of the contralesional M1 in 11 @entity1 with subcortical @entity64 , but caused a widespread bilateral recruitment of primary and secondary motor areas in 7 @entity1 with @entity64 . Activity in ipsilesional M1 at baseline correlated with improvement of index finger tapping frequency induced by rTMS. INTERPRETATION: The beneficial effects of 10 Hz rTMS over ipsilesional M1 on motor function of the affected hand depend on the extension of @entity2500 . Neural activity in ipsilesional M1 may serve as a surrogate marker for the effectiveness of facilitatory rTMS.

title: Differential effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over ipsilesional primary motor cortex in cortical and subcortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'cortical stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stroke', 'middle cerebral artery [MCA] strokes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dexterity']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial involving 64 @entity1 with @entity548 peptic ulcers was performed to assess the efficacy of two modalities of injection therapy. The inclusion criterion was the presence of active @entity548 or a visible vessel at emergency endoscopy. Thirty-two @entity1 were treated with @entity1425 (Group A) and 32 with @entity1425 plus @entity556 (Group B). Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 81.3% Group A, and 84.4% Group B @entity1 , and therapy failures occurred in 18.6% and 15.6%, respectively. Mortality was nil in both groups. There were no differences in the requirement for emergency surgery, or in the number of transfusions in the two groups. A second elective endoscopy was performed in 49 @entity1 between the 3rd and the 5th day after admission, proceeding to a second injection therapy if a visible vessel was still seen. There were no failures among re-injected @entity1 . With one exception, none of the failures occurred in @entity1 in whom a second endoscopy was done. Our results suggest that injection therapy, which is a simple technique, should be considered as the initial treatment of choice in @entity548 peptic ulcer. The addition of @entity556 to @entity1425 does not improve the results of the method. An early second endoscopy and local therapy if a visible vessel is still present, may further improve the results.

title: Injection therapy of XXXX peptic ulcer. A prospective, randomized trial using @entity1425 and @entity556 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Our purpose was to investigate a new therapeutic model, @entity2841 -targeted immunomodulation on @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) marker lesions and to evaluate the immunologic response of the @entity1494 . Eleven @entity1 with pTa or pT1 @entity150 were eligible for the study. All lesions were removed by transurethral resection (TUR) except for a marker lesion. All @entity1 received 8 weekly instillations of 300 microg of @entity2841 , after which cystoscopy with bladder biopsies +/- TUR was repeated on adjacent urothelium or @entity5 or both. @entity982 -embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained with @entity469 , which labels monocytes and macrophages. The @entity469 + cell population was evaluated as 1+ to 3+. Comparable specimens were routinely processed for ultrastructural analysis. Complete response was observed in 6 @entity1 (55%), persistent @entity5 occurred in 4 @entity1 (approximately 36.4%), and 1 @entity1 (8.6%) showed recurrence. Immunohistochemically, an at least twofold increase in the number of the @entity469 + cells was observed in all responders. Submicroscopically, migration of macrophages to the surface layer occurred. Macrophages showed an extensive lysosomal system and pseudopodia. This study indicates that the prophylactic treatment of @entity1606 with @entity2841 may induce immunomodulatory effects on macrophage activities, which could be associated with the clinical evolution of the disease.

title: A new approach in the management of @entity5 using XXXX on marker lesions: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study on the macrophage population in @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is the fear of cardiac sensations, characterized by recurrent @entity148 , in @entity1 with or without @entity65 . The @entity299 Questionnaire (CAQ) is a tool to assess @entity299 , already adapted but not validated to Portuguese. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the three phases of the validation studies of the Brazilian CAQ. METHODS: To extract the factor structure and assess the reliability of the CAQ (phase 1), 98 @entity1 with @entity453 were recruited. The aim of phase 2 was to explore the convergent and divergent validity. Fifty-six @entity1 completed the CAQ, along with the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) and the @entity913 Inventory (SPIN). To determine the discriminative validity (phase 3), we compared the CAQ scores of two subgroups formed with @entity1 from phase 1 (n = 98), according to the diagnoses of @entity4697 and @entity8396 , obtained with the MINI - Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS: A 2-factor solution was the most interpretable (46.4% of the variance). Subscales were named "Fear and Hypervigilance" (n=9; alpha = 0.88), and "Avoidance", (n = 5; alpha = 0.82). Significant correlation was found between factor 1 and the BSQ total score (p<0.01), but not with @entity8876 . SPIN factors showed significant correlations with CAQ subscales (p < 0.01). In phase 3, "Cardiac with @entity4697 " @entity1 scored significantly higher in CAQ factor 1 (t = -3.42; p < 0.01, CI = -1.02 to -0.27), and higher, but not significantly different, in @entity8876 (t = -1.98; p = 0.51, CI = -0.87 to 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a definite Brazilian validated version of the CAQ, adequate to clinical and research settings.

title: Brazilian Portuguese validated version of the XXXX Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['Social Phobia']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Anxiety', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Anxiety']


abstract: Fecal samples from diarrheal @entity1 and non-diarrheal controls were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts in a year-long prospective study at a @entity294 treatment center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 42 (3%) of 1,382 diarrheal @entity1 but in none of 235 non-diarrheal controls. In 32 (76%) of 42 @entity1 , no other enteropathogens were detected. @entity1 less than 5 years of age were more commonly infected than older @entity1 (4.8% vs. 1.6%, P greater than 0.05) and adults (4.8% vs. 0.2%, P less than 0.01). A higher number of cases were detected during hot and humid months (April--July). Nineteen @entity1 less than 5 years of age (index cases) and their 71 family members were followed for 3 weeks after the release of the index cases from the hospital. @entity294 continued for greater than 14 days (persistent @entity294 ) in 8 (32%) index @entity1 . Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 1 (12.5%) of 8 family members who developed @entity294 during the follow-up period. Index cases excreted oocysts for 3-28 days (12.37 +/- 8.35 days). Almost all the @entity1 recovered with oral rehydration. Cryptosporidium ssp. cause self-limited @entity294 episodes in @entity1 less than 5 years of age in Bangladesh, with a low frequency of intrafamilial transmission.

title: Cryptosporidiosis: a cause of XXXX in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug-resistant cell lines are essential tools for investigating the mechanisms of resistance to molecular-targeted anti- @entity5 drugs. However, little is known about how to establish clinically relevant drug-resistant cell lines. Our study examined the impact of a drug-free period on the establishment of a cell line with clinically relevant resistance to molecular-targeted drugs. We used @entity756 cells, a @entity2 cell line carrying @entity470 mutation, because this is a validated target for @entity470 @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI). @entity756 cells were intermittently or continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of @entity4562 (0.01  M to 1.0  M) and the emergence of the most common acquired resistance mutation in @entity470 , @entity9513 , was determined. @entity9513 was detected at a 25-fold lower drug concentration in cells continuously exposed to @entity4562 ( @entity756 ) than in cells intermittently exposed to @entity4562 ( @entity756 /GRi) (0.04  M vs 1.0  M, respectively). The mutation frequencies at those drug concentrations were 19.8% and 8.0% in @entity756 /GRc and @entity756 /GRi cells, respectively. After drug-free culture for 8 weeks, resistance to @entity4562 decreased in the @entity756 /GRi cells but not in the @entity756 /GRc cells. In the @entity756 /GRc cells, the frequency of the @entity9513 mutation was consistently about 20% from 0.04  M to 1.0  M of @entity4562 . In the @entity756 /GRc cells, the @entity9513 mutation was detected in all single-cell clones, at frequencies ranging from 7.0% to 37.0%, with a median of 19.5% (95% confidence interval, 17.3%-20.9%). In conclusion, compared with intermittent drug exposure, continuous exposure might select better minor drug-resistant clones when creating cell lines resistant to molecular-targeted drugs.

title: The impact of intermittent versus continuous exposure to @entity470 XXXX kinase inhibitor on selection of @entity470 @entity9513 -mutant drug-resistant clones in a @entity2 cell line carrying activating @entity470 mutation.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: AIM: As recent clinical data suggest a harmful effect of arterial @entity871 on @entity1 after resuscitation from @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ), we aimed to investigate this association during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the earliest and one of the most crucial phases of recirculation. METHODS: We analysed 1015 @entity1 who from 2003 to 2010 underwent out-of-hospital CPR administered by emergency medical services serving 300,000 inhabitants. Inclusion criteria for further analysis were nontraumatic background of @entity1167 and @entity1 >18 years of age. One hundred and forty-five arterial blood gas analyses including @entity26 partial pressure (paO2) measurement were obtained during CPR. RESULTS: We observed a highly significant increase in hospital admission rates associated with increases in paO2 in steps of 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa). Subsequently, data were clustered according to previously described cutoffs ( <= 60 mmHg [8 kPa]], 61-300 mmHg [8.1-40 kPa], >300 mmHg [>40 kPa]). Baseline variables (age, sex, initial rhythm, rate of bystander CPR and collapse-to-CPR time) of the three compared groups did not differ significantly. Rates of hospital admission after @entity1167 were 18.8%, 50.6% and 83.3%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, logistic regression revealed significant prognostic value for paO2 and the duration of CPR. CONCLUSION: This study presents novel @entity1 data on the arterial paO2 during CPR in conjunction with the rate of hospital admission. We describe a significantly increased rate of hospital admission associated with increasing paO2. We found that the previously described potentially harmful effects of @entity871 after return of spontaneous circulation were not reproduced for paO2 measured during CPR. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: n/a.

title: Increasing arterial XXXX partial pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with improved rates of hospital admission.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term survival of animal limb allografts with new immunosuppressant combinations and encouraging results of autologous limb replantations led us to believe that clinical application of hand transplantation in @entity1 beings was viable. METHODS: On Sept 23, 1998, we transplanted the right distal forearm and hand of a @entity1620 @entity1 aged 41 years on to a @entity1 aged 48 years who had had traumatic amputation of the distal third of his right forearm. The donor's arm was irrigated with UW organ preservation solution at 4 degrees C, amputated 5 cm above the elbow, and transported in a cool container. We dissected the donor limb and the recipient's arm simultaneously to identify anatomical structures. Appropriate lengths of viable structures were matched. Transplantation involved @entity455 (ischaemic time 12.5 h), nerve sutures, joining of muscles and tendons, and skin closure. Immunosuppression included antithymocyte globulins, @entity1140 , @entity3442 , and @entity229 . Maintenance therapy included @entity1140 , @entity3442 , and @entity229 . Follow-up included routine post-transplant laboratory tests, skin biopsies, intensive physiotherapy, and psychological support. FINDINGS: The initial postoperative course was uneventful. No surgical complications were seen. Immunosuppression was well tolerated. Mild clinical and histological signs of cutaneous rejection were seen at weeks 8-9 after surgery. These signs disappeared after @entity229 dose was increased (from 20 mg/day to 40 mg/day) and topical application of immunosuppressive creams ( @entity1140 , @entity6914 ). Intensive physiotherapy led to satisfactory progress of motor function. Sensory progress (Tinel's sign) was excellent and reached the wrist crease (20 cm) on day 100 for the median and ulnar nerves, and at least 24 cm to the palm by 6 months when deep pressure, but not light touch sensation, could be felt at the mid palm. INTERPRETATION: Hand allotransplantation is technically feasible. Currently available immunosuppression seems to prevent acute rejection. If no further episode of rejection occurs, the functional prognosis of this graft should be similar to if not better than that reported in large series of autoreconstruction.

title: XXXX hand allograft: report on first 6 months.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['bone fixation, arterial and venous anastomoses']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have generally showed a neutral effect of blood pressure (BP) reduction on clinical outcomes among acute @entity385 @entity1 . We conducted a prespecified subgroup analysis to assess whether disease severity modifies the effect of early antihypertensive treatment on @entity204 and disability among @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: In the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute @entity385 , 4,071 @entity1 with acute @entity385 and elevated BP were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment or to discontinue all @entity101 medications within 48 h of symptom onset. The primary outcome was a combination of @entity204 and major disability at 14 days or hospital discharge. In this subgroup analysis, @entity1 were categorized into 3 groups according to their baseline NIH @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores (0-4, 5-15, or >= 16). RESULTS: At 24 h after randomization, mean systolic BP differences (95% CIs) were -8.5 (-10.0 to -7.1), -9.8 (-11.4 to -8.3), and -9.1 (-14.4 to -3.8) mm Hg between the treatment and control groups (all p values <0.001) for @entity1 with a baseline NIHSS score of 0-4, 5-15, and >= 16, respectively. At day 7 after randomization, the corresponding mean systolic BP differences were -9.3 (-10.5 to -8.2), -9.1 (-10.3 to -7.8), and -10.1 (-15.1 to -5.1) mm Hg between the treatment and control groups (all p values <0.001). The primary outcome was not significantly different between the treatment and control groups at day 14 or hospital discharge among all NIHSS subgroups (p value for homogeneity = 0.66). ORs (95% CI) associated with treatment were 1.14 (0.87-1.49, p = 0.33), 1.04 (0.86-1.25, p = 0.70), and 0.67 (0.18-2.44, p = 0.54) for @entity1 with a baseline NIHSS score of 0-4, 5-15, and >= 16, respectively. The composite outcome of @entity204 and major disability at 3-month follow-up did not differ between the 2 comparison groups for all NIHSS subgroups. In addition, vascular events and recurrent @entity64 were not significantly different between the 2 comparison groups at the 3-month follow-up visit among all NIHSS subgroups except that there was a suggestive risk reduction for recurrent @entity64 among those with an NIHSS score of 5-15 (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early BP reduction with antihypertensive medications did not reduce or increase the risk of @entity204 , @entity717 , recurrent instances of @entity64 , and vascular events in acute @entity385 @entity1 with a variety of disease severities.

title: Early Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute XXXX with Various Severities: A Subgroup Analysis of the CATIS Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['major disabilities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine duration of @entity933 in @entity1 with @entity64 according to sex, age, type and localization of lesion. We assessed @entity933 prospectively in a sample of 233 consecutive @entity1 with an acute (< or =4 days) @entity64 using the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS-R-98) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM IV). The average duration of @entity933 was 4 days in @entity1 with @entity385 and 3 days in @entity1 with @entity64 . There was no statistically significant difference in @entity933 duration between these two @entity1 groups. A longer duration of @entity933 was recorded in @entity1 and in @entity1 older than 65. The period of @entity933 was longer in @entity1 with right hemispheric lesions. @entity1 did not differ according to @entity933 duration, sex, age, type and localization of @entity64 . In two thirds of @entity1 , the symptoms of @entity933 completely disappeared on medicamentous treatment, while in the remaining one third of @entity1 certain symptoms of @entity933 persisted at discharge (p=0.003). Mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity933 in the acute phase of @entity64 than in those without @entity933 (p=0.009). In conclusion, @entity933 is a temporary manifestation in two thirds of @entity1 in the acute phase of @entity64 . @entity1 sex and age, and type and @entity64 localization have no influence on @entity933 duration.

title: Duration of @entity933 in the acute stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A collection of 178 Aspergillus isolates, recovered from Czech @entity1 , mostly from 2007-2011, was subjected to multilocus DNA sequence typing using the ITS region, b-tubulin, and calmodulin genes. An unusually wide spectrum of etiologic agents that included 36 species of Aspergillus is discussed in the context of recent taxonomic and clinical reports. @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity6313 , and @entity2346 externa were the predominant clinical entities. Five cases due to species newly proven as etiologic agents of @entity1 mycoses, as well as cases with unique clinical manifestations caused by unusual agents are discussed in more detail. Three species (i.e., A. insulicola, A. westerdijkiae and A. tritici) were identified as the confirmed etiologic agents of non-dermatophytic @entity6313 . Emericella rugulosa was recovered from a premature newborn with a fatal necrotising disseminated @entity281 and is reported for only the second time as the cause of @entity3 . Furthermore, we document the first @entity281 due to A. calidoustus in a @entity1 with @entity1117 . The @entity281 manifested as a latent @entity75 with an unusual clinical-laboratory finding. In addition to the well-known agents of @entity1 @entity3217 , several rarely isolated or poorly documented species were identified. An undescribed cryptic species related to A. versicolor was found to be common among isolates linked to proven and probable @entity6313 . An isolate representing A. fresenii, or an unnamed sister species, were causal agents of @entity22815 . Three well defined, and tentative new species belonging to section Cervini, Candidi and Aspergillus (Eurotium spp.), were associated with cases of probable @entity6313 .

title: Rare and new etiological agents revealed among 178 clinical Aspergillus strains obtained from Czech XXXX and characterized by molecular sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity22815 :: ('MESH:D059249', 'Disease') :: ['otomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several instruments have been developed for the assessment of emotional distress in @entity1 with @entity6 . The Problem Areas in @entity6 Scale (PAID) is a brief self-report scale that evaluates @entity6 . There is a lack of validated instruments for the evaluation of @entity458 in @entity1 with @entity6 in Greek language. The current study was conducted to translate and adapt the PAID scale in Greek language and to evaluate the psychometric properties in two different study populations of @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to translate the Problem Areas in @entity6 (PAID) scale into Greek, adapt it culturally to Greece and determine its psychometric properties. The translation process included two forward translations, reconciliation, backward translation and pre-testing steps. The validation incorporated the exploration of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and responsiveness (Spearman correlation coefficient). @entity1 included 101 consecutive @entity1 from a rural primary healthcare centre and 101 @entity1 from an urban hospital. All @entity1 completed the PAID scale and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Internal consistency considered good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.948). Interclass correlation coefficient was 0.942 (95% CI 0.915-0.961). Factor analysis yielded three factors: ' @entity6 -related emotional problems' (51.79% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.910), 'Food-related problems' (9.55% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.824) and 'Social support-related problems' (5.96% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.704). Screen plot test and conceptual congruency of items supported a three-factor solution. Total PAID showed a negative correlation with both SF-36 mental component summary (r = -0.733, P < 0.0001) and SF-36 physical component summary (r = -0.594, P < 0.0001). Our findings indicate that the Greek version of the PAID questionnaire is reliable and valid for @entity1 with @entity6 in Greece.

title: The Problem Areas in @entity6 (PAID) scale: psychometric evaluation survey in a Greek sample with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological aspects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes-related distress', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of @entity2753 and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome after @entity162 TURP in @entity1 with large-volume, @entity1067 and statistically significant comorbidities. METHODS: Five @entity1 with large symptomatic @entity1067 and significant comorbidities underwent saline TURP. Data were collected regarding @entity1 profile, prostate weight, operative time, and perioperative events. In particular, we studied and compared the preoperative and postoperative serum @entity1372 concentrations and hematocrit. RESULTS: The mean age was 68 years (range 57 to 76). The mean resection weight of the prostatic chips was 49.6 g (range 37 to 62). Senior urology residents under the supervision of the university faculty performed all procedures. The average operative time was 2 hours, 22 minutes (range 98 to 175 minutes). The mean serum @entity1372 concentration decreased by 1.6 mg/dL (from 138.4 mg/dL preoperatively to 136.8 mg/dL postoperatively). The mean hematocrit decreased by 5.60% (from 40.24% preoperatively to 34.64% postoperatively). Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar saline TURP is safe and eliminates the risk of @entity751 in high-risk @entity1 with large prostates that require lengthy resection. In addition, the system permits the faculty to spend the time needed for teaching and training urology residents without compromising @entity1 safety.

title: Dilutional @entity2753 of XXXX : a historical event in the 21st century.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar saline']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['TURP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['TURP syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the @entity27084 (-/-) @entity19 , the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave is absent, and the R7 subfamily of @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ), which includes @entity27085 , is downregulated. Mutant @entity19 strains deficient in @entity27086 or -11 were characterized, and the SG711 strain which is @entity1131 was examined, to learn whether the loss of some of these @entity18151 proteins causes the absence of the ERG b-wave. METHODS: Antibodies to @entity27087 were generated to determine their expression levels and localizations in retinas with various genetic backgrounds by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The implicit times and amplitudes of ERG a- and b-waves were analyzed to examine photoreceptor and bipolar cell functions. RESULTS: @entity27086 and -11 co-localized to the @entity162 . In the @entity27088 (-/-) @entity19 , the level of @entity27086 protein increased. However, the level of @entity27088 protein remained unchanged in the @entity27086 mutant @entity19 , where a truncated @entity27086 protein was expressed due to the deletion of exon 10. In the SG711 @entity19 retina, the @entity27084 -S protein level was reduced. The ERG b-wave of SG711 @entity19 was markedly delayed. In contrast, @entity27088 (-/-) @entity19 showed a moderately delayed b-wave, whereas the @entity27086 mutant @entity19 showed normal ERG responses. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate the presence of a delayed ERG b-wave in SG711 @entity19 and a functionally redundant role for @entity27088 and -7 at the tips of @entity162 dendrites. These results suggest that @entity27088 or -7 works as the major physiological GAP (GTPase acceleration protein) for Galphao1 in ON-bipolar cells.

title: Functional redundancy of R7 XXXX proteins in @entity162 dendrites.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['ON-bipolar cell', 'dendritic tips of the ON-bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both proteins']

entities_list: @entity18151 :: ('MESH:C538387', 'Disease') :: ['regulators of G protein signaling', 'RGS']

answer: @entity18151 :: (MESH:C538387,Disease) :: ['RGS']


abstract: Recent large-scale genomic studies within @entity1 populations have identified numerous genomic regions as copy number variant ( @entity471 ). As these @entity471 regions often overlap coding regions of the genome, large lists of potentially copy number polymorphic genes have been produced that are candidates for disease association. Most of the current data regarding normal genic variation, however, has been generated using BAC or SNP microarrays, which lack precision especially with respect to exons. To address this, we assessed 2,790 candidate @entity471 genes defined from available studies in nine well-characterized HapMap individuals by designing a customized oligonucleotide microarray targeted specifically to exons. Using exon array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we detected 255 (9%) of the candidates as true CNVs including 134 with evidence of variation over the entire gene. Individuals differed in copy number from the control by an average of 100 gene loci. Both partial- and whole-gene CNVs were strongly associated with segmental duplications (55 and 71%, respectively) as well as regions of positive selection. We confirmed 37% of the whole-gene CNVs using the fosmid end sequence pair (ESP) structural variation map for these same individuals. If we modify the end sequence pair mapping strategy to include low-sequence identity ESPs (98-99.5%) and ESPs with an everted orientation, we can capture 82% of the missed genes leading to more complete ascertainment of structural variation within duplicated genes. Our results indicate that segmental duplications are the source of the majority of full-length copy number polymorphic genes, most of the variant genes are organized as tandem duplications, and a significant fraction of these genes will represent paralogs with levels of sequence diversity beyond thresholds of allelic variation. In addition, these data provide a targeted set of @entity471 genes enriched for regions likely to be associated with @entity1 phenotypic differences due to copy number changes and present a source of copy number responsive oligonucleotide probes for future association studies.

title: XXXX copy number polymorphic genes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) diagnosis continues to rely on sputum smear microscopy in many settings. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the percentage of @entity1 and adults with @entity378 that are sputum smear positive. METHODS: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health databases for studies that included both @entity1 and adults with all forms of active @entity378 . The pooled percentages of @entity1 and adults with smear positive @entity378 were estimated using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database under registration number CRD42015015331. RESULTS: We identified 20 studies meeting our inclusion criteria that reported smear positivity for a total of 18,316 @entity1 and 162,574 adults from 14 countries. The pooled percentage of paediatric @entity378 cases that were sputum smear positive was 6.8  % (95  % Confidence Interval (CI) 2.2-12.2  %), compared with 52.0  % (95  % CI 40.0-64.0  %) among adult cases. Eight studies reported data separately for @entity1 aged 0-4 and 5-14. The percentage of @entity1 aged 0-4 that were smear positive was 0.5  % (95  % CI 0.0-1.9  %), compared with 14.0  % (95  % CI 8.9-19.4  %) among @entity1 aged 5-14. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , especially those aged 0-4, are much less likely to be sputum smear positive than adults. National @entity378 programs relying on sputum smear for diagnosis are at risk of under-diagnosing and underestimating the burden of @entity378 in @entity1 .

title: Smear positivity in XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['paediatric and adult tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the @entity1 or physician practice characteristics predict the use of @entity6 preventive care services. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 27,169 adult ambulatory care visits, using the 2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data. The outcome variable is whether any preventive care services, defined as diagnostic tests ( @entity413 , urinalysis, @entity3916 , and blood pressure) or @entity1 education (diet/nutrition, exercise, and stress management), were ordered/provided. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of @entity6 preventive care services, controlling for @entity1 and physician practice characteristics. All analyses were adjusted for the complex survey design and analytic weights. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 without @entity6 , @entity6 @entity1 were older (63 vs. 53 years; P < 0.01) and were more likely to be nonwhite and covered by Medicare insurance. In multivariate analyses, younger @entity1 and the availability of primary care physicians, electronic medical records, and on-site laboratory tests were associated with more effective preventive care services (P < 0.05). If physician compensation relied on productivity, preventive care services were less likely (odds ratio 0.4 [95% CI 0.27-0.82 for @entity1 and 0.26-0.81 for @entity1 ]). Although the patterns of @entity1 education and diagnostic testing were similar, the provision of @entity1 education was less likely than that of diagnostic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians and practice features seem to steer @entity6 preventive services. Given the time constraints of physicians, strategies to strengthen structural capabilities of primary care practices and enhance partnerships with public health systems on @entity6 @entity1 education are recommended.

title: XXXX preventive services and policy implications in the U.S.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity2 @entity1 with poor pulmonary function because of @entity2415 or @entity82 , it is important to predict the amplitude of internal @entity5 motion to minimize the irradiation of the functioning lung tissue before undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two board-certified diagnostic radiologists independently assessed the degree of @entity2542 and @entity82 on computed tomography scans in 71 @entity1 with peripheral @entity2 before real-time @entity5 -tracking radiotherapy. The relationships between the computed tomography findings of the lung parenchyma and the motion of the fiducial marker near the @entity2 were investigated. Of the 71 @entity1 , 30 had normal pulmonary function, and 29 had obstructive @entity358 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of <70%), 6 @entity1 had @entity409 (percentage of vital capacity <80%), and 16 had @entity409 . RESULTS: The upper region was associated with @entity5 motion, as expected (p = .0004), and the presence of @entity82 (p = .088) and @entity5 contact (p = .086) were weakly associated with @entity5 motion. The presence of fibrotic changes in the lung tissue was associated with @entity5 motion in the upper region (p <.05) but not in the lower region. The findings of @entity2415 and pulmonary function tests were not associated with @entity5 motion. CONCLUSION: @entity5 in the upper lung region with fibrotic changes have smaller motion than those in the upper region of the lungs without fibrotic changes. The @entity5 motion in the lower lung region was not significantly different between @entity1 with and without lung @entity82 . @entity2415 was not associated with the amplitude of @entity5 motion.

title: Relationship between diseased lung tissues on computed tomography and motion of fiducial marker near XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['smaller tumor', 'tumor', 'pleural tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive dysfunction', 'mixed dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Stem cell transplantation has become a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, the poor survival of the donor cells after transplantation has restricted its therapeutic efficacy. @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), one gaseous signaling molecule, has been applied to inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell survival. In the present study, we therefore examined the effects of @entity3958 on the survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were isolated from the femur of male @entity35 (about 4 weeks old, 100 g). Preconditioning MSCs with 200   mol/L @entity8835 (as the donor of @entity3958 ) for 30 min decreased the @entity519 -induced cell apoptosis in vitro. The mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effects of @entity3958 on MSCs were associated with increased levels of phosphorylated @entity2308 (pAkt), phosphorylated @entity2508 (pErk1/2) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3b (pGSK-3b) in MSCs. Subsequently, MSCs (1   10(6)), MSCs preconditioned with @entity3958 (1   10(6)), or @entity1391 buffered saline (PBS) were injected into @entity35 hearts immediately after @entity583 (the ligation of the left anterior descending of coronary artery). Real-time PCR for the @entity30074 gene, located on the Y chromosome, indicated that preconditioning with @entity3958 improved the survival rate of the transplanted MSCs in infarcted myocardium 4 days after @entity583 , compared with the untreated MSCs. Furthermore, transplantation of the @entity3958 -pretreated MSCs reduced the @entity1188 size and increased left ventricular (LV) function, as judged by transthoracic echocardiography. In conclusion, @entity3958 preconditioning effectively promotes MSCs survival under @entity63 and helps cardiac repair after @entity583 , which has great clinical significance.

title: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with @entity3957 enhances repair of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of distraction osteogenesis for @entity1 with mandibular @entity4239 secondary to @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 . METHODS: 43 @entity1 (aged from 2 to 61 years old) with mandibular @entity4239 were treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Two types of mechanical distraction were utilized in this study. Ten @entity1 (age ranged from 2 to 16-years-old, mean age 7.6 years old) with severe @entity4239 underwent bilateral mandibular distraction with rigid external distraction (RED) device. Other 33 @entity1 were treated with unilateral(6 cases) or bilateral (27 cases) mandibular distraction using internal distraction device. Distraction was started on the 4th to 8th day after operation and distraction rate was 0.25 mm every time, four times a day. Distractor was removed after 3 to 6 months of consolidation period. RESULTS: Eighty sides of mandible in 43 @entity1 were lengthened. The mean distraction distance was 23.2 mm (ranged from 14 to 35 mm). After distraction, the average posterior airway space (PAS) was enlarged from 4.9 mm to 10.4 mm and average angle of sella-nasion-point B (SNB) was increased from 64.2 degrees to 74.5 degrees. The @entity27 index (AHI) was decrease significantly. The profile was improved and OSA was improved effectively in each @entity1 . No complication occurred during treatment. No persistent @entity1183 of lower lip was observed. All @entity1 were satisfied with the results. After a mean follow-up period of 20.3 months(5 to 103 months) , the result was stable and no obvious relapse of @entity4239 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction osteogenesis is an effective way in correction of mandibular @entity4239 secondary to @entity1348 @entity3947 . RED is a new method for treatment of @entity1 and adolescence with severe mandibular @entity4239 . The procedure is simple and safe with stable result.

title: [The treatment of mandibular XXXX secondary to @entity1348 @entity3947 with distraction osteogenesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity4239 :: (MESH:D008844,Disease) :: ['micrognathia']


abstract: Cardiac overexpression of the @entity19728 ( @entity19728 ) attenuates left ventricular (LV) remodeling after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity19 . We hypothesized that a novel nonpeptide @entity19728 agonist, compound 21 (C21), would @entity583 remodeling. Fifty-nine @entity19 were studied for 28 days after 1-hour surgical occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Immediately thereafter, 23 @entity19 received 0.3 mg  kg  d of C21 via Alzet osmotic minipump, 16 received 10 mg  kg  d of the @entity14207 antagonist @entity1564 in drinking water, and 20 were untreated controls. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measured ejection fraction (EF), LV end-systolic, and end-diastolic volumes (ESVI and EDVI) indexed to weight serially post @entity583 . @entity1188 size was measured on day 1 by late @entity2287 -enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. At baseline, heart rate, blood pressure, EDVI, ESVI, and EF were similar between groups. Mean @entity1188 size (42%-45% of LV mass) was similar between groups. C21-treated animals demonstrated adverse LV remodeling (increased EDVI and ESVI at all post- @entity583 time points) compared with control. @entity1564 therapy preserved left ventricular EF at day 28 compared with the C21-treated group. Thus, direct stimulation of the @entity19728 by C21 at 0.3 mg  kg  d does not @entity583 remodeling in reperfused @entity583 in @entity19 .

title: A nonpeptide @entity19728 agonist does not attenuate postmyocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

entities_list: @entity19728 :: ('11609(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 2 receptor', 'AT2 R']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'attenuate post-MI LV']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and outcome of perioperative @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) in @entity1 younger than 18 yr undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac and cardiac procedures at a tertiary care center. METHODS: After institutional review board approval (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota), all @entity1 younger than 18 yr who had perioperative @entity1167 between November 1, 1988, and June 30, 2005, were identified. Perioperative @entity1167 was defined as a need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation or @entity204 during anesthesia care. A cardiac procedure was defined as a surgical procedure involving the heart or great vessels requiring an incision. RESULTS: A total of 92,881 anesthetics were administered during the study period, of which 4,242 (5%) were for the repair of @entity4297 . The incidence of perioperative @entity1167 during noncardiac procedures was 2.9 per 10,000, and the incidence during cardiac procedures was 127 per 10,000. The incidence of perioperative @entity1167 attributable to anesthesia was 0.65 per 10,000 anesthetics, representing 7.5% of the 80 perioperative CAs. Both @entity1167 incidence and mortality were highest among neonates (0-30 days of life) undergoing cardiac procedures (incidence: 435 per 10,000; mortality: 389 per 10,000). Regardless of procedure type, most @entity1 who experienced perioperative @entity1167 (88%) had @entity299 . CONCLUSION: The majority of perioperative CAs were caused by factors not attributed to anesthesia, in distinction to some recent reports. The incidence of perioperative @entity1167 is many-fold higher in @entity1 undergoing cardiac procedures, suggesting that definition of case mix is necessary to accurately interpret epidemiologic studies of perioperative @entity1167 in @entity1 .

title: Perioperative cardiac arrests in XXXX between 1988 and 2005 at a tertiary referral center: a study of 92,881 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the optimal immunization dose by observing the immunoprotective effects of different doses of recombinant @entity2042 (Chinese strain) signaling protein 14-3-3 (rSj14-3-3). METHODS: Sj14-3-3 gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a, then transformed into @entity526 to express by inducing. Purified rSj14-3-3 was prepared through SDS @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE), electroelution, dialysis, then BALB/c @entity19 were divided into 5 groups and immunized in rSj14-3-3 protein followed by @entity281 (the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were immunized in 50 microg, 100 microg and 300 microg antigen, respectively. The 4th, 5th groups were immunized in Freund's adjuvant and normal saline controls). After 6 weeks of @entity281 , the @entity19 were killed and the worm and egg reduction rates were calculated. And the @entity19 sera in different time were taken to examine the specific anti-Sj14-3-3 IgG. RESULTS: rSj14-3-3 protein was expressed successfully. After immunizing and challenging, worm reduction was found to be 28.20% in the 1st group, 43.10% in the 2nd group, 40.00% in the 3rd group, respectively. Number of eggs in liver tissue was reduced by 41.80%, 57.50%, 55.70%, respectively. Compared the results of the tested groups to the controls, the differences were of significance by t-test (worm reduction rate: t = 6.8 in the 1st group, t = 8.7 in the 2nd group, t = 7.3 in the 3rd group, P < 0.01 in all tested groups. Egg reduction rate at the group's number above: t = 11.23, t = 11.54, t = 7.99, P < 0.01 in all tested groups). As compared the results between the tested groups by chi(2), the differences were of significance between the 1st and the 2nd groups (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 8.96, P < 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 15.69, P < 0.05), between the 1st and the 3rd groups, the differences were also of significance (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 6.52, P < 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 12.52, P < 0.05). The difference was not of significance between the 2nd and the 3rd groups (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 1.20, P > 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 0.93, P > 0.05). In all tested groups, total anti-Sj14-3-3 specific IgG rose markedly. IgG(1) and @entity9749 ) subtypes were high, but @entity10986 ) and IgG(3) were near the background in four subtypes tested. CONCLUSION: Immunoprotection of rSj14-3-3 should have some relations with immunization dose, and the protection obtained from immunizing @entity19 by using 100 microg antigen was the best.

title: [Influence of immunization dose schemes on immunoprotective response to recombinant signaling protein 14-3-3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['challenging infection']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury provides a substantial limitation to further improvements in the development of therapeutic strategies for @entity63 -related diseases. Studies in animal I/R models, including intestinal, hindlimb, kidney, and myocardial I/R models, have established a key role of the complement system in mediation of I/R injury using complement inhibitors and knock-out animal models. As complement activation has been shown to be an early event in I/R injury, inhibiting its activation or its components may offer tissue protection after reperfusion. However, clinical study results using complement inhibitors have largely been disappointing. Therefore, identification of a more specific pathogenic target for therapeutic intervention seems to be warranted. For this purpose more detailed knowledge of the responsible pathway of complement activation in I/R injury is required. Recent evidence from in vitro and in vivo models suggests involvement of both the classic and the lectin pathways in I/R injury via exposition of neo-epitopes in ischemic membranes. However, most of these findings have been obtained in knock-out @entity19 models and have for a large part remained unconfirmed in the @entity1 setting. The observation that the relative role of each pathway seems to differ among organs complicates matters further. Whether a defective complement system protects from I/R injury in @entity1 remains largely unknown. Most importantly, involvement of @entity8166 as the main initiator of the lectin pathway has not been demonstrated at tissue level in @entity1 I/R injury to date. Thus, conclusions drawn from animal I/R studies should be extrapolated to the @entity1 setting with caution.

title: Complement-mediated XXXX -reperfusion injury: lessons learned from animal and clinical studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8166 :: ('4153', 'Gene') :: ['mannose-binding lectin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms and signs of @entity741 in the absence of obstructive @entity301 are common in @entity101 @entity1 . This can be explained by @entity24962 due to adverse remodeling of coronary arterioles which have also been reported in the SHR. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity3372 , @entity4687 , @entity1564 , @entity2165 , @entity3591 , @entity7486 , and @entity36201 on @entity24962 in the SHR. METHODS: Eight groups of 24-wk-old SHR were treated for 8  wk. BP was measured invasively at the end of the treatment. After sacrifice, hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus for the measurement of hyperemic @entity1577 . Hearts were then processed for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: All compounds, except @entity36201 , induced a significant reduction in BP. @entity4687 and @entity1564 increased hyperemic @entity1577 , whereas the other compounds had no significant effect. @entity4687 , @entity3372 , @entity2165 , @entity7486 , and @entity36201 induced significant reverse arteriolar remodeling, whereas @entity1564 and @entity3591 did not. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of antihypertensive treatment on @entity24962 is not exclusively dependent on BP reduction. Compounds with comparable antihypertensive efficacy may exert different effects on @entity1577 and induce different degrees of reverse arteriolar remodeling.

title: Effect of different drug classes on reverse remodeling of intramural coronary arterioles in the spontaneously XXXX rat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1652 has been traditionally regarded as a disease without @entity75 , @entity75 are not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity1652 -related disorders. METHODS: We aimed to characterize the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in @entity1652 spectrum disorder @entity1 who are seropositive for anti- @entity3951 autoantibody ( @entity3951 Ab). Of 236 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6220 , we retrospectively analyzed MRI characteristics of 78 @entity1 who were seropositive for @entity3951 Ab. RESULTS: For an average observational period of 6.3 years, 62 @entity1 (79%) had @entity75 on MRI. Twenty-four @entity1 (31%) had @entity75 at the onset of disease, and 35 (45%) had symptomatic @entity75 . Characteristic @entity75 were classified into five categories: (1) lesions involving corticospinal tracts (e.g. posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebral peduncle (44%); (2) extensive @entity66 likely due to vasogenic @entity4 (29%); (3) @entity75 surrounding aqueduct and the third and fourth ventricles (22%); (4) @entity75 surrounding lateral ventricles (40%); and (5) medullary lesions, often contiguous with @entity75 (31%). Fifty-four @entity1 (69%) showed at least one kind of @entity75 among the five characteristic MRI lesions. Ten @entity1 showed @entity2287 -enhancing lesions, which were characterized by multiple patchy enhancing patterns with blurred margins. CONCLUSIONS: In central nervous system @entity3951 @entity792 , @entity75 were more common than is generally appreciated and were characterized by their unique localization and configuration.

title: Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system @entity3951 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric lesions']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'brain abnormality', 'cervical lesions', 'brain involvement', 'brain MRI abnormalities', 'periependymal lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) affects many cellular functions of the respiratory tract mucosa and might alter the viscoelastic properties of mucus. To evaluate @entity9495 homeostasis in a respiratory epithelium we investigated transport of @entity9495 by the @entity235 tracheal mucosa. Mucosal tissues were mounted in Ussing-type chambers and bathed with Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C. Unidirectional fluxes of 45Ca were determined in tissues that were matched by conductance and short-circuit current (SCC). Under short-circuit conditions there was a significant net @entity9495 secretion of 1.82 +/- 0.36 neq . cm-2 . h-1 (mean +/- SE). Under open-circuit conditions, where the spontaneous transepithelial potential difference could attract @entity9495 toward the lumen, net @entity9495 secretion increased significantly to 4.40 +/- 1.14 compared with 1.54 +/- 1.17 neq . cm-2 . h-1 when the preparation was short-circuited. Addition of a metabolic inhibitor, @entity3212 (2 mM in the @entity33 ), decreased tissue conductance and SCC and slightly decreased the unidirectional movement of @entity9495 from submucosa to lumen. Submucosal @entity1425 (10 microM) significantly enhanced @entity9495 secretion by 2.0 +/- 0.63 neq . cm-2 . h-1. Submucosal @entity7832 (0.1 mM) failed to inhibit @entity9495 secretion. The data suggest that @entity235 tracheal mucosa secretes @entity9495 ; this secretory process is augmented by @entity1425 or by the presence of a transepithelial potential difference as found under in vivo conditions.

title: @entity460 secretion in XXXX tracheal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal bath']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: This research examined the role of perceived barriers to treatment as a potential contributor to the increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among mentally ill populations. The study examined a sample of 435 @entity1 receiving care through the Veterans Administration Health System and having a current diagnosis of @entity162 (I, II, NOS), cyclothymia, or schizoaffective @entity162 . Access to care and use of any of 14 CAM therapies within the past year were studied. Physical CAM users reported slightly better mental health service access related to getting to mental health services and obtaining emergency mental health services when needed. Effect sizes for these differences were small (r(pb) = 0.09 and 0.13, respectively). Similarly, oral and cognitive CAM users indicated that they were slightly more likely to go without medical services when needed because they were too expensive. These effect sizes were also very small (r(pb) = 0.12 and 0.10, respectively), suggesting no clinical significance. @entity1 who reported use of oral and/or cognitive CAM therapies were slightly more likely than nonusers to go without medical care because of excessive costs. @entity1 having non-Veterans Affairs insurance reported no differences in rates of CAM use. Overall, no discernable trends were observed to suggest that CAM use among this sample was associated with service access.

title: Access to conventional mental health and medical care among users of complementary and alternative medicine with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'disorder-bipolar subtype']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']