abstract: Pulse rate and @entity26 consumption were measured for 19 @entity1 (agen 12-13) assigned to either Distance, Interval, or No-Training regimens, during a 5 min. run at 6 m.p.h., zero % grade on a motor driven treadmill prior to a 12 week conditioning period, following conditioning, and after four months of deconditioning. @entity26 consumption was assessed by opencircuitry and heart rate monitored by direct electrocardiography. Both conditioning groups significantly improved cardiovascular fitness (Distance group: 175-152 beats/min. and Interval group: 175-159 beats/min.) at P less than .01, but no differences were noted between them. They differed significantly from the Control group (P less than .05) which showed no change (172-173 beats/min.). No significant differences occurred between any of the groups for Vo2 variables, but Within group analysis statistically favored the Distance group. Post-conditioning and -deconditioning comparisoms indicated taht deconditioning had a deleterious effect on cardiorespiratory function. @entity410 improved to the extent that competitive running events of 2-6 miles are suggested for this age group, but as the data indicated, only after sufficient training. Task similarity of training and standard test and running volume apparently afforded a slightly greater improvement of @entity410 in the Distance group. Marked deterioration of fitness during deconditioning was attributed to complete absence of a training stimulus.

title: The effects of conditioning on cardiorespiratory function in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: The authors describe a case of hemifacial @entity2473 associated with @entity1614 . A 24-year-old- @entity1 suffered from left hemifacial @entity2473 for 6 years. She had undergone surgical treatments for bilateral @entity20377 and @entity3792 in the second decade of life. She also had unusually long and slim limbs with @entity28179 . Three-dimensional CT angiography revealed bilateral tortuous and elongated vertebral arteries. Microvascular decompression was performed following a left lateral suboccipital craniotomy. The root exit zone of the left seventh nerve was directly compressed by the proximal segment of the anterior @entity5487 (AICA) and the left vertebral artery. These arteries were decompressed with pieces of Teflon @entity2708 . The @entity1 's symptoms completely resolved following surgery. We review @entity1504 in @entity1614 and discuss the pathogenesis and possible mechanisms of vascular compression in these @entity1 .

title: Hemifacial XXXX associated with @entity1614 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity28179 :: ('MESH:D054119', 'Disease') :: ['arachnodactyly']

entities_list: @entity20377 :: ('MESH:D004479', 'Disease') :: ['ectopia lentis']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results of intertrochanteric osteotomies for @entity625 after @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of eight @entity1 who underwent a total of ten intertrochanteric osteotomies. Two @entity1 underwent two osteotomies of the same hip. SETTING: Academic Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : @entity1 who developed posttraumatic @entity625 after nonoperatively or operatively treated acetabulum fractures. The average age of @entity1 was twenty-nine years (range 16 to 47 years). INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent an intertrochanteric osteotomy to decrease contact pressures on damaged cartilage and to lessen contractures. All intertrochanteric osteotomies at our institution were performed by the senior author (R.K.M.). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The Merle d'Aubign   score and the Thompson and Epstein score were determined based on each @entity1 's last follow-up. RESULTS: At an average long-term follow-up of 10.2 years (range 2.5 to 22 years), all eight @entity1 had a significant improvement based on the Merle d'Aubign   score (average increase 5.3 points). Less improvement was observed according to the Thompson and Epstein score, which is consistent with the fact that radiographic appearance is weighted disproportionally in that score. CONCLUSIONS: Because most acetabular @entity174 @entity1 are relatively young, the option of joint replacement for posttraumatic @entity625 is less than ideal. However, we have observed significant improvement in hip function with a decrease in @entity158 and disability when such @entity1 are treated with an intertochanteric osteotomy.

title: Intertrochanteric osteotomy for XXXX after @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['hip arthritis', 'posttraumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a @entity1030 in which recurrent @entity1109 create a substantial burden to individuals and their families. At the same time the economic burden associated with @entity565 is considerable. METHODS: The cost-effectiveness study was part of a single centre prospective randomised controlled trial comparing a nurse-led telemonitoring programme to usual care in a population of @entity748 outpatients. The study included 109 @entity748 outpatients (56 @entity1 ; 53 adults). The duration of follow-up was 12 months, and measurements were performed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months. @entity1 were asked to transfer their monitor data at least twice daily and by judging the received data and following a stepwise intervention protocol a nurse was able to act as the main caregiver in the intervention group. In both groups the EQ-5D and the SF-6D were used to obtain estimates of health state utilities. One year health care costs, @entity1 and family costs, and productivity losses were calculated. The mean incremental costs were weighted against the mean incremental effect in terms of QALY. RESULTS: The study population generally represented mild to moderate @entity748 . No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to the generic quality of life. Overall, the mean health care costs per @entity1 were higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The intervention costs mainly caused the cost difference between the groups. The intervention costs the society @entity7634 31,035/QALY gained with regard to adults and with regard to @entity1 @entity7634 59,071/QALY gained. CONCLUSION: If the outcome is measured by generic quality of life the nurse-led telemonitoring programme is of limited cost-effectiveness in the study population. From the societal perspective the probability of the programme being cost-effective compared to regular care was 85% at a ceiling ratio of @entity7634 80,000/QALY gained among the adults and 68% among the @entity1 . A decrease in the price of the @entity565 monitor will substantial increase the probability of the programme to be cost-effective.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a nurse-led telemonitoring intervention based on peak expiratory flow measurements in XXXX : results of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major sensor and regulator of the energetic state of the cell. Little is known about the specific role of @entity54962 , the major AMPK isoform in the heart, in response to global @entity63 . We used @entity54962 -knockout ( @entity54962 (-/-)) @entity19 to evaluate the consequences of @entity54962 ) deletion during normoxia and @entity63 , with @entity413 as the sole substrate. Hemodynamic measurements from echocardiography of hearts from @entity54962 (-/-) @entity19 during normoxia showed no significant modification compared with wild-type animals. In contrast, the response of hearts from @entity54962 (-/-) @entity19 to no-flow @entity63 was characterized by a more rapid onset of @entity63 -induced @entity1159 . This @entity63 @entity1159 was associated with a decrease in @entity855 content, @entity880 production, glycogen content, and AMPKbeta(2) content. Hearts from @entity54962 (-/-) @entity19 were also characterized by a decreased phosphorylation state of @entity6625 carboxylase during normoxia and @entity63 . Despite an apparent worse metabolic adaptation during @entity63 , the absence of @entity54962 ) does not exacerbate impairment of the recovery of postischemic contractile function. In conclusion, @entity54962 ) is required for the metabolic response of the heart to no-flow @entity63 . The remaining @entity52892 ) cannot compensate for the absence of @entity54962 .

title: Role of the alpha2-isoform of XXXX -activated protein kinase in the metabolic response of the heart to no-flow @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: Behavioral evidence indicates that the potent rewarding effects of @entity2072 are mediated, in part, by the mesoaccumbens @entity935 (DA) system projecting from @entity35 DA cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Previous electrophysiological studies from our laboratory have indicated that @entity2072 (i.v.) exerts inhibitory effects on A10 DA neurons, due to enhanced stimulation by DA at DA autoreceptors are well as by activation of NAc-VTA feedback pathways. In the present experiments, extracellular single-unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques were used to determine the possible alterations in the mesoaccumbens DA system after repeated @entity2072 administration. Twice daily injections of @entity2072 (10 mg/kg i.p., 14 days) caused significant subsensitivity to the inhibitory effects of low i.v. doses of the DA agonist @entity3826 in comparison to @entity35 receiving similar treatments with saline or @entity8162 . Iontophoretic application of DA to A10 DA neurons in @entity35 treated repeatedly with @entity2072 (2X10 mg/kg, 14 days) also produced significantly less inhibition as compared to control @entity35 . Cell population analysis of the VTA revealed that autoreceptor subsensitivity in @entity2072 -treated @entity35 resulted in a significantly greater number of spontaneously active A10 DA neurons, and a significantly higher firing rate as compared to A10 DA neurons in control @entity35 . In striking contrast to @entity35 DA cells, recordings from NAc neurons in @entity2072 -treated @entity35 (2X10 mg/kg, 14 days) indicated that these cells were supersensitive to the inhibitory effects of iontophoretic DA. Although the mechanism underlying such supersensitivity remains unclear, the increased sensitivity of postsynaptic NAc DA receptors combined with the subsensitivity of A10 DA autoreceptors could lead to greatly enhanced DA transmission and may help to explain some aspects of @entity2072 -induced behavioral sensitization.

title: Electrophysiological effects of XXXX in the mesoaccumbens @entity935 system: repeated administration.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hybrid technique combines a mono or bilateral epicardial approach with a percutaneous endocardial ablation in a single-step procedure. We present our early results with this technique employing a monopolar radiofrequency source through a right thoracoscopy in @entity1 with lone @entity955 (LAF). METHODS: Between June 2009 and December 2010 nineteen consecutive @entity1 (mean 60.8    8.6 years, 84.2% male) underwent right unilateral minimally invasive hybrid procedure for LAF at our Institution. Ten @entity1 (52.6.6%) had long-standing persistent AF while four (21.1%) had persistent and five (26.3%) paroxysmal AF. All @entity1 were followed-up according the Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/European @entity943 Society ( @entity9719 /EHRA/ECA) and Society of Thoracic Surgeon (STS) guidelines. RESULTS: There were neither early nor late deaths. It was possible to complete all the procedures as planned without any conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. No @entity1 died during the follow up. At one year, 7/19 (36.8%) @entity1 were in sinus rhythm with no episode of AF and off antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD). Time-related prevalence of postoperative AF peaked at 44.4% (41.3-47.4) at two weeks, was 30.4% (27.3-34.9) at three months, fell to 14.2% (11.6-18.1) by 6 months and was 13.3% (11.0-17.4) at 12 months Among @entity1 with long-standing persistent (LSP) AF, 20% (2/10) were in Sinus rythm and off AAD. One-year success rates were 50% (2/4) in persistent and 60% (3/5) in paroxysmal AF. At 12 months estimated prevalence of antyarrhythmic drugs and @entity1229 use were 26% (22.4-33.1) and 48% (37.2-53.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: One year results combining the percutaneous endocardial with the right thoracoscopic epicardial technique were, in our experience, not satisfactory, particularly in @entity1 with LSP and persistent AF. Our findings need to be confirmed by larger studies.

title: The hybrid approach for the surgical treatment of lone XXXX : one-year results employing a monopolar radiofrequency source.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The conducting airways, also commonly referred to as the upper airways, provide for the passage of air to and from the atmosphere and lungs. Anatomical components include the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, @entity825 , and mainstem bronchi. Clinical problems involving the conducting airways can be manifested by relatively mild clinical signs of stertorous breathing, by life-threatening @entity1353 , or by chronic bouts of inspiratory stridor and cough. Concurrent disease of the lower respiratory system (ie, @entity3311 ) as well as other organ systems (ie, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine) may significantly contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of upper @entity1030 . Diagnosis of the diseases of the conducting airways is primarily based on history and physical examination. The dynamic nature of some conditions, related to the phases of respiration, can make diagnosis more difficult. In addition to direct visualization, radiographic and endoscopic evaluation are often useful. Many upper airway problems, especially congenital conditions, lend themselves to surgical palliation that should be performed as early in life as possible. Medical management is often directed at treating underlying diseases and the relief of clinical signs. Historically, the use of variety of drugs have been advocated and frequently include decongestants, cough suppressants, bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, and antibiotics. However, their use may be detrimental and contraindicated. In addition, therapy for some conditions (ie, @entity912 and @entity8276 ) may be better directed at increasing airway muscle tone in order to stabilized airway patency. Therapeutic agents that may be useful include @entity117 and digitalis. The overall objective to medical management must be to balance potential therapeutic benefit against untoward effects in order to minimize clinical signs and to improve the animal's quality of life.

title: Medical management considerations for upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic tracheal collapse']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal paralysis']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on @entity1 with @entity173 and in @entity1 with @entity14 have documented that perioperative transfusion is associated with a significant increase in @entity86 rate. Therefore, we sought to investigate the incidence of @entity86 in noncardiac surgical @entity1 and to determine if transfusion is an independent risk factor for @entity281 and adverse outcome postoperatively. METHODS: Prospective data from the National Veterans Administration Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was collected on 6301 noncardiac surgical @entity1 at the Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System from 1995 to 2000. RESULTS: The mean age of the study cohort was 61 +/- 13. Descriptive data revealed 95% were male, 44% used @entity286 , 19% were @entity6 , 9% had @entity1030 , 9% used @entity167 , 3% used @entity230 , 1.7% had a diagnosis of @entity5 , and 1.2% had @entity843 . Preoperative @entity417 (hematocrit less than 36) was found in 33.9% and postoperative @entity417 was found in 84.1% of the study cohort. In the postoperative period, 32.5% of @entity1 had a hematocrit of 26-30, and 26.5% had a hematocrit of 21-25. Mean units of blood transfused in the perioperative period ranged from 0.1 +/- 0.9 in @entity1 without @entity417 to 2.7 +/- 2.9 in those with @entity417 . Incidence of @entity55 increased from 2.6 to 5% with increasing degree of @entity417 . Multiple logistic regression analysis documented that low preoperative hematocrit, low postoperative hematocrit, and increased blood transfusion rates were associated with increased mortality (P < 0.01), @entity86 (P < or = 0.05), and increased hospital length of stay (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity86 in surgical @entity1 , with a coincident increase in blood utilization. These factors are associated with increased risk for perioperative @entity281 and adverse outcome (mortality) in surgical @entity1 . Consideration should be given to preoperative diagnosis and correction of @entity417 with @entity68 , @entity2186 , @entity1501 supplementation, or administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 .

title: Perioperative @entity417 : an independent risk factor for XXXX , mortality, and resource utilization in surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative and postoperative anemia', 'increased postoperative pneumonia', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 have an increased risk of @entity65 . @entity66 has been proposed to play a role in the development of @entity65 among these @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial in 93 @entity1 (Cockcroft-Gault equation: @entity1011 clearance, 38+/-15 [mean+/-SD] mL/min per 1.73 m2 [0.63+/-0.25 mL/s per m2]) to investigate the effect of a treatment strategy designed primarily to achieve stepwise oxidative stress reduction on @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ), brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (BA- @entity4631 ), @entity633 , and renal function. The treatment group received a regimen of pravastatin to which @entity270 supplementation was added after 6 months and @entity1255 -lowering therapy after another 6 months. Blood pressure in both groups was managed according to a standard protocol. The placebo group received matching placebos. Measurement of @entity2998 and BA- @entity4631 was performed at randomization after 6, 12, and 18 months. @entity1 were followed up for 2 years. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, active treatment was associated with a decrease in @entity2998 (after 18 months: from 0.68 to 0.63 mm in the treatment group and from 0.65 to 0.71 mm in the placebo group; P<.001), an increase in BA- @entity4631 (after 18 months: from 4.66% to 7.56% in the treatment group and from 6.21% to 4.73% in the placebo group; P<.001), and an attenuated increase in urinary albumin excretion over time (P=.04 for between-group difference after 24 months), but no effect was observed on renal function. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity740 , 18 months of a treatment strategy along with well-controlled blood pressure reduced @entity2998 and urinary albumin excretion and increased BA- @entity4631 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00384618.

title: Effect of a treatment strategy consisting of pravastatin, @entity270 , and @entity1255 lowering on carotid intima-media thickness, endothelial function, and renal function in @entity1 with mild to moderate XXXX : results from the Anti-Oxidant Therapy in @entity740 (ATIC) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CC-IMT', 'common carotid intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity298 ( @entity298 ) can be complicated by @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ), the most severe complication associated with long-term @entity298 . METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively analysed 49 @entity2976 @entity1 regarding clinical presentation, histopathological findings, treatment and long-term clinical outcome at our referral centre. @entity1 were divided into two clinical categories: severe and mild/moderate. RESULTS: All @entity1 in the severe group and most @entity1 in the mild/moderate group had symptoms consistent with @entity2976 . The most common computed tomographic findings were peritoneal thickening in both groups. Small bowel dilatation was frequently present in the severe group. The time of onset of symptoms consistent with @entity2976 to the surgical procedure was median 5 months with an inter-quartile range of 2-12 months in the severe group. To date, 25 of 31 @entity1 in the severe group (follow-up 45.6    39.0 months after surgery) are alive. In the mild/moderate group, 8 of 11 @entity1 are alive (follow-up 41.6    21.6 months). The histological features were consistent with @entity2976 in all biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of @entity1 even with severe @entity2976 is not worse. It is a precondition that these @entity1 are treated in specialized referral centres. The time of first clinical symptoms consistent with @entity2976 to requirement of surgery is very short. Earlier diagnosis of the disease is mandatory, even in asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a rare, serious but potentially curable complication of XXXX -experience of a referral centre in Germany.

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: @entity10751 ( @entity10751 ) is a rare @entity74 occurring in Jews of Ashkenazi descent, with only some 500 recognized cases. The causative gene was identified on chromosome 9. @entity10751 is of considerable orthopedic interest, because of the prevalence of @entity85 . About 90% of surviving dysautonomic @entity1 will develop a spinal curvature, commonly a @entity1635 . The scoliotic curve is usually kyphotic rather than lordotic, and appears during the first decade of life. Fifty-one of the 90 reported cases of @entity10751 in Israel involved @entity1 who were seen at the @entity1635 clinic for assessment and treatment of their @entity85 . Most of the @entity1 presented with a @entity85 associated in 37 cases with an @entity1514 . In our series orthotic treatment and physiotherapy were found to be minimally successful at best. Surgical treatment of the spine was performed in 13 of 51 @entity1 in this series. A retrospective review of these @entity1 ' charts and radiographs was carried out. Six years of follow-up are reported. The primary indication for surgery was progression of the spinal curve. Only posterior spinal fusions were performed. Anterior transthoracic procedures were avoided in spite of the significance of the @entity85 , because of the frequency of @entity358 . Harrington distraction and compression instrumentation was used. Three-millimeter compression rods were used in a distraction mode in thin, young @entity1 . "Harri-Luque" segmental sublaminar wiring technique and Wisconsin spinous process segmental wiring was used in some. In all cases, the spine fusion was supplemented by bank bone only, to avoid the additional trauma of graft removal. We believe that surgical intervention is advantageous, if done early in the evolution of @entity85 . Greater technical difficulties and a higher complication rate were encountered in this series relative to the problems usually seen after @entity85 surgery in @entity1 ; this is all the more important in a disease in which general anesthesia is an additional major complicating factor. It is hoped that the improved physical condition now seen after early gastrostomy and fundoplication will aid in reducing this high complication rate. Only a small degree (about 25%) of correction was achieved in the majority of @entity1 . Some of this apparent @entity2003 derived from the inability to apply sufficient instrumental corrective force because of the friable osteoporotic bone. After surgery, there was a marked decrease in the frequency of @entity55 and an improvement in the degree of @entity2055 , for reasons not understood, which led to an obvious improvement in the quality of life.

title: Aspects of @entity85 in @entity10751 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10751 :: ('MESH:D004402', 'Disease') :: ['familial dysautonomia', 'Familial dysautonomia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['increased thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity', 'skeletal deformity', 'scoliotic deformity']

answer: @entity10751 :: (MESH:D004402,Disease) :: ['Riley-Day syndrome']


abstract: Laboratory and clinical studies support the concept that heparins, particularly the low molecular component, may serve as an inhibitor of angiogenesis, providing anti-neoplastic effects. Further, treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may provide prophylaxis for @entity1031 events (TEE), in @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 . @entity16960 (5,000 U sub-Q daily) was given with and after conventional radiotherapy to newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 . Forty-five @entity1 were accrued between 5/02 and 9/04; 3 were ineligible. At time of progression, @entity1 could continue dalteparin in addition to standard regimens. Pretreatment characteristics included: median age 61 (range 26-78); ECOG Performance status: 0 = 38%, 1 = 57%, 2 = 5%; gross total resection 45%. There were no grade 3/4 bleeding or @entity882 events, and no TEE occurred while on dalteparin. Median time on dalteparin was 6.3 months, median time to progression was 3.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months. There was no significant improvement in survival when compared to the RTOG @entity463 database (with various radiation/drug doublets including BCNU) using recursive partitioning analysis. Historically the incidence of TEE in @entity463 @entity1 is approximately 30%. As this study suggests dalteparin reduces the incidence of TEE, and does not have significant overlapping @entity137 with most other drugs; its testing in a combined modality approach with other medications may be warranted in future trials.

title: Effect of @entity16960 and radiation on survival and XXXX events in @entity463 multiforme: a phase II ECOG trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['Dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: @entity3873 is used to treat @entity2742 in hemodialysis @entity1 . @entity3873 treatment, either through a reduction in parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) levels or direct effect on bone, decreases the osteoblast and osteoclast surface and bone formation rate. Our study of 13 hemodialysis @entity1 was designed to evaluate whether @entity3873 treatment changed the rate of spontaneous recovery from @entity3747 induced by a low- @entity460 dialysis. @entity3873 treatment decreased basal @entity461 levels from 614 +/- 84 to 327 +/- 102 pg/mL (P < 0.001) and maximal @entity461 levels from 1,282 +/- 157 to 789 +/- 161 pg/mL (P < 0.001), but the rate of serum ionized @entity460 recovery from @entity3747 did not change. When the 13 @entity1 were separated based on the median age of 64 years, the predialysis serum ionized @entity460 level was less in the younger (group I, 44 +/- 6 years; n = 6) than older (group II, 68 +/- 1 years; n = 7) @entity1 (1.05 +/- 0.03 v 1.22 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01) despite similar basal (group I, 595 +/- 122 pg/mL v group II, 629 +/- 96 pg/mL) and maximal (group I, 1,114 +/- 299 pg/mL v group II, 1,425 +/- 141 pg/mL) @entity461 levels. Before @entity3873 treatment, the rate of serum ionized @entity460 recovery from induced @entity3747 was greater (P < 0.05) for similar @entity461 levels in the older than younger @entity1 . After @entity3873 treatment, despite a similar reduction in @entity461 levels, the rate of @entity460 recovery increased (P < 0.05) in the younger @entity1 but did not change in the older @entity1 . We also observed that toward the end of the low- @entity460 hemodialysis, @entity461 values decreased even though serum ionized @entity460 level continued to decline when the rate of @entity460 reduction slowed. In addition, hysteresis, defined as a lower @entity461 value during the recovery from @entity3747 than during the induction of @entity3747 for the same serum @entity460 concentration, was present during the spontaneous recovery from @entity3747 . In conclusion, in the hemodialysis @entity1 : (1) age appeared to affect the bone response to @entity461 and @entity3873 treatment, (2) the @entity461 response to @entity3747 was affected by a deceleration in the rate of @entity460 decrease, and (3) hysteresis of the @entity461 response to @entity3747 occurred during the spontaneous recovery from @entity3747 .

title: Effect of XXXX and age on recovery from @entity3747 in hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', 'Calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The mechanism of @entity158 sensation in @entity1 with @entity1066 is unclear and there are no guidelines for its treatment. Whilst much research and many pharmacological treatments have provided symptomatic relief of @entity1066 through control of acid secretion, the role of acid in @entity1066 is unknown. We carried out this study to investigate the role of @entity56 to acid in the sensation of @entity158 in @entity1066 by direct administration of acid into stomach. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity1066 (5 male, 7 female, mean age 41.0 years old, 7 with mild chronic superficial @entity3621 , 2 with metaplastic @entity3621 and 3 with normal endoscopic findings) and seven healthy control subjects (3 male, 4 female, mean age 36.0 years old, 7 with normal endoscopic findings) participated in the study. After overnight fasting, a nasogastric sump tube was inserted and its tip was positioned in the antrum under fluoroscopic guidance. Normal saline or 0.1N @entity5836 was administered in random and single blind cross over fashion. The test was considered positive only if similar @entity158 developed-similar to that experienced by the @entity1 under nonstudy condition- during the administration. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (41.7%) developed @entity158 with 0.1N @entity5836 administration, but none with normal saline (p < 0.05). None of the healthy controls developed @entity158 upon administration of 0.1N @entity5836 or normal saline. CONCLUSION: We suggest that acid @entity56 plays a role in the sensation of @entity158 in @entity1066 .

title: XXXX to acid in @entity1066 .

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer-like functional dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: We reported an adult case of @entity5697 with @entity8585 . A 33-year-old female was admitted to Kyoto University Hospital because of a @entity425 in the lower extremities and "cloth-wearing" sensation of the trunk and legs. One month before admission, she became febrile and developed a symmetrical erythema on the extremities. At the same time she noticed a @entity425 , which disappeared next few days. A week later, she again developed a @entity221 , severe @entity425 and "cloth-wearing" sensation on the trunk, and erythema appeared on the cheek. Physical examination on admission revealed a @entity425 and @entity427 in the extremities, in particular, knee and ankle jerk, and @entity1183 of the trunk and legs below the level of Th6. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed 181/mm3 cells (mononuclear cell dominant) and 30 mg/dl protein. Magnetic resonance imaging, CT and electrophysiological studies indicated no abnormalities. IgM antibody against @entity8344 ) was detected in the serum and CSF. She was diagnosed as @entity5697 with @entity8543 and was medicated with @entity617 40-60 mg/day, and improved gradually with the residua of a mild @entity425 and @entity1183 on the trunk between the level of Th6 and Th10.

title: [An adult case of @entity5697 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity8344 :: ('10798', 'Species') :: ['human parvovirus (B19']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['slight weakness of the legs and numbness in her fingers and toes', 'weakness of the legs', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity8585 :: ('MESH:D016731', 'Disease') :: ['erythema infectiosum']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity8543 :: ('MESH:D010322', 'Disease') :: ['parvovirus infection']

answer: @entity8585 :: (MESH:D016731,Disease) :: ['erythema infectiosum']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a detailed clarification of the symptoms at disease onset of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and its more severe variant, @entity137 ( @entity137 ), with @entity2194 and to clarify the relationship between topical @entity134 use and visual prognosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Ninety-four @entity1 with @entity6715 and @entity137 with @entity2194 . METHODS: A structured interview, examination of the @entity1 medical records, or both addressing clinical manifestations at disease onset were conducted for 94 @entity1 seen at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Any topical @entity134 use during the first week at the acute stage also was investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and the details of prodromal symptoms and the @entity33 and the relationship between topical @entity134 use and visual outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1109 (general malaise, @entity221 , sore throat, etc.) preceded @entity272 in 75 cases, and extremely high @entity221 accompanied disease onset in 86 cases. Acute @entity2024 and oral and nail involvements were reported in all @entity1 who remembered the details. Acute @entity2024 occurred before the @entity272 in 42 @entity1 and simultaneously in 21 @entity1 , whereas only 1 @entity1 reported posteruption @entity2024 . Visual outcomes were significantly better in the group receiving topical @entity230 compared with those of the no-treatment group (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity2024 occurring before or simultaneously with @entity272 accompanied by extremely high @entity221 and oral and nail involvement indicate the initiation of @entity6715 or @entity137 . Topical @entity134 treatment from disease onset seems to be important for the improvement of visual prognosis.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX and @entity137 with @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal involvements']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Common cold-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonization and infection with @entity2176 -resistant @entity6375 (VREF) has been associated with the use of @entity2176 and other antibiotics in individual @entity1 . The objective of this study was to determine the association of VREF with the aggregate usage of antibiotics on nursing units in a hospital. METHODS: This was a retrospective correlation study. A usage ratio was calculated for each parenteral antibiotic on each nursing unit as the per-bed usage by weight of that antibiotic divided by its average usage throughout the hospital. An average usage ratio (AUR) for each nursing unit was calculated as the mean of usage ratios of individual antibiotics. The AUR was used to compare the usage of antibiotics among nursing units in the hospital. The incidence of @entity281 on individual nursing units in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center was correlated with the usage of parenteral antibiotics separately and in aggregate in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The AUR was strongly and positively correlated with the recovery of VREF on individual nursing units. By univariate analyses, increasing use of each antibiotic tested was associated with isolation of VREF but only @entity3402 remained significant in the multivariate model. However, usage of various antibiotics was highly interrelated, and only @entity3402 usage was significantly correlated with usage of all other antibiotics studied. Intensive care and acute care units and units with fewer @entity1 beds were more likely to have @entity1 with @entity281 than were subacute care units (p < 0.003) or larger units (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 were associated with greater aggregate antibiotic use on nursing units. Determination of antibiotic usage ratios may provide a convenient and useful tool for examining the association of antibiotic usage with other @entity580 .

title: XXXX -resistant @entity6375 in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center: association with antibiotic usage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['VREF infections', 'VREF infection']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 is the third most common @entity5 in South India. A higher incidence has been reported from certain states in northern India, where potential risk factors have been identified. Similar data is available only to a limited extent from southern India. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the effects of lifestyle habits and dietary factors on the risk of @entity356 in South Indians. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study of matched pairs was conducted in Chennai, India, from 2002 to 2006 in a large tertiary care referral centre in South India. We studied 89 @entity356 @entity1 and 89 age- and gender-matched healthy controls of the same socioeconomic status. All subjects were interviewed face-to-face by a trained interviewer using a structured questionnaire to collect data about lifestyle habits, such as cigarette smoking, @entity167 consumption, @entity286 chewing and dietary factors, with special attention to known factors like salted fish, smoked and pickled foods as well as intake of vegetables and fruits. RESULTS: The response rate was 100 percent. There were 64 male and 25 female @entity1 . The male to female ratio was 2.6:1. The demographic characteristics were similar in the case and control populations. Less than ten percent of @entity1 were below the age of 30 years. Approximately 50 percent were between 30 and 60 years of age, and the rest were over 60 years of age. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that @entity167 consumption (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.9, p-value is 0.04) and consumption of pickled food ( @entity20786 , 95 percent CI 1.2-3.9, p-value is 0.05) are independent risk factors for the development of @entity356 . A protective effect of the consumption of pulses (OR 0.4, 95 percent CI 0.2-0.9, p-value is 0.05), showing a 55 percent reduction in risk, was also identified; this could be of use for possible control and prevention of this @entity5 . @entity286 chewing and cigarette smoking did not emerge as high risk factors for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The study showed @entity167 and pickled food consumption as independent risk factors for the development of @entity356 , while consumption of pulses were protective. Cigarette smoking did not predict an increased risk of contracting the disease.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Stomach cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with @entity5433 in adults and school-aged @entity1 ; however, this association has not been investigated in preschool @entity1 . We aimed to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) and @entity2922 levels in preschool @entity1 with @entity27 . METHODS: One hundred and forty-two snoring @entity1 aged 3-5years and 38 nonsnoring control group @entity1 underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). Nocturnal urinary @entity2661 were measured in 120 @entity1 . @entity1 were grouped according to their @entity27 ( @entity27 ) (control [no snoring], @entity27   1event/h; primary snoring, @entity27   1event/h; mild @entity27 @entity27 >1   5events/h; moderate to severe [MS] @entity27 , @entity27 >5events/h). The HRV parameters for each @entity1 were averaged during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. RESULTS: During stable sleep, low-frequency (LF) HRV was similar between groups. High-frequency (HF) HRV was higher in the MS @entity27 group compared with the control group during all sleep stages (NREM sleep stages 1 and 2 [NREM1/2], 4234  523ms(2) vs 2604  457ms(2); NREM sleep stages 3 and 4 [NREM3/4], 4152  741ms(2) vs 3035  647ms(2); REM, 1836  255ms(2) vs 1456  292ms(2); P<.01 for all). The LF/HF ratio was lower in the MS @entity27 group compared with the control group (NREM1/2, 0.4  0.06 vs 0.7  0.05; NREM3/4, 0.3  0.06 vs 0.4  0.05; REM, 0.8  0.1 vs 1.3  0.1; P<.01 for all). @entity2922 levels were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In preschool @entity1 , @entity27 is associated with altered HRV, largely due to the HF fluctuations in heart rate (HR) which occur during respiratory events and are still evident during stable sleep. The preschool age may represent a window of opportunity for treatment of @entity27 before the onset of the severe @entity5433 associated with @entity27 in adults and older @entity1 .

title: Nocturnal autonomic function in preschool XXXX with sleep-disordered breathing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OAHI', 'obstructive apnea-hypopnea index', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 65 (54-78) years, with @entity99 were managed by percutaneous drainage between 1979 and 1987. Biliary origin was most common (4 @entity1 ), followed by @entity99 as a late @entity260 (seen in 3 @entity1 ) and @entity99 occurring in association with @entity697 (2 @entity1 ). The origin was unknown in 3 @entity1 . Diagnosis was reached by computed tomography or ultrasonography with a diagnostic delay of in mean 11 days. Seventeen abscesses were found among the 12 @entity1 . The median abscess size (maximal diameter) was 7 (1-12) cm. Nine @entity1 were treated with percutaneous drainage with an indwelling catheter within the abscess cavity for up to 3 weeks, while 3 @entity1 were managed with percutaneous puncture and aspiration alone. The most commonly isolated organism from the drained @entity99 was @entity526 . The course following percutaneous treatment was uneventful, without mortality and recurrence of the @entity99 during follow-up. One @entity1 required surgical drainage of an additional @entity99 . Percutaneous drainage of @entity99 , independent of origin, thus seems as a safe and reliable method, which should be considered as the treatment of choice if facilities and knowledge of percutaneous management are provided.

title: Percutaneous management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess', 'pyogenic hepatic abscesses', 'hepatic abscesses']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['pyogenic hepatic abscesses']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 were included in this study to evaluate and compare short- versus standard-length @entity2756 therapy for @entity4008 . The duration of the short-course regimens was 4, 6 and 7 days for @entity3631 , @entity6932 and @entity328 , respectively. The standard-length regimens were twice as long. On the basis of a computer-generated randomization list, 26 @entity1 were assigned either to the short- or to the standard-treatment regimen. @entity2756 was given intravenously once daily in a dose of 60 mg/kg after an initial loading dose of 100 mg/kg. The population characteristics, the severity of disease and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were similar in the two study groups at admission. Bacteriological and clinical response were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity16 , prolonged @entity221 (greater than or equal to 10 days), persistent @entity491 and side effects between the two groups. @entity393 occurred in 3 @entity1 in the standard-length group and in no @entity1 in the short-course group. @entity294 was the only side effect and occurred in 14% of the @entity1 . The results of the study indicate that the short-duration regimen was adequate for the treatment of @entity693 caused by the three major meningeal pathogens. However, the small number of @entity1 do not justify the adoption of the short-course regimen for all @entity1 with @entity693 . At present, prolongation of @entity2756 therapy or discontinuation of the drug under strict clinical observation of the @entity1 should be considered in some cases.

title: Treatment of childhood @entity4008 with XXXX once daily: open, prospective, randomized, comparative study of short-course versus standard-length therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['pleocytosis']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vigorous antibody-mediated responses prevent the successful engraftment of hamster hearts transplanted into Lewis rats. Early antibody responses mediating acute rejection of the xenograft are T cell-independent and resistant to the T-cell immunosuppressant, @entity205 ( @entity870 ). Immunosuppression with the combination of @entity6963 plus @entity870 completely prevents xenograft rejection, but when such immunosuppression is stopped the hamster heart is rejected by a process that we term late xenograft rejection. We report here on some of the immunological features of late xenograft rejection. METHODS: Lewis @entity35 transplanted with hamster hearts were treated with @entity6963 (5 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 14-21 days and @entity870 (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) continuously from the day of transplant. Serum was harvested and the functional activities of the xenoreactive antibodies were quantitated by in vivo passive transfer of sera, flow cytometry, in vitro C3 deposition assays, and Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity870 alone prevented late xenograft rejection and the accompanying production of xenoreactive antibodies. The xenoreactive antibodies accompanying acute or late xenograft rejection were predominantly IgM, but only serum from @entity35 undergoing acute xenograft rejection was able to induce hyperacute rejection. The ability of serum to induce hyperacute rejection correlated with its ability to induce C3 deposition on hamster lymphocytes in vitro. The repertoire of hamster antigens recognized by IgM in the serum of @entity35 undergoing late xenograft rejection is more restricted than that of IgM in the serum of @entity35 undergoing acute xenograft rejection. We additionally demonstrate that long-term graft survival is not dependent on graft accommodation. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that a brief treatment with the combination of @entity6963 and @entity870 profoundly modifies the humoral xenoreactivity in the recipient, converting it from a T-independent into a T cell-dependent response. Differences in functional activity of sera from acute or late xenograft rejection suggest that antigenic specificity defines the ability of IgM to induce complement activation and hyperacute rejection.

title: Modification of humoral responses by the combination of XXXX and @entity205 in Lewis @entity35 transplanted with hamster hearts.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ozurdex ( @entity619 intravitreal implant) 0.7 mg in the treatment of uveitic macular @entity4 in vitrectomized eyes. METHODS: Data from 13 @entity1 (17 eyes) with persistent uveitic @entity1103 and a history of pars plana vitrectomy in the study eyes that were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.7-mg @entity619 implant were reviewed retrospectively. Main outcome measures were changes in central retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and changes in best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 61 years (range, 19-81 years). The median duration of uveitic macular @entity4 was 12 months (range, 2-72 months). The mean baseline central retinal thickness (95% confidence interval) was 461.6  m (403.8-519.4), decreased to 277.2  m (244.6-309.8) at 4 weeks (P < 0.01), remained low at 349.9  m (281.8-418.0) at 3 months (P = 0.01), and then reached 394.1  m (328.3-459.8) at 6 months (P = 0.14). After 3 months, there was a median improvement of 2 lines of best-corrected visual acuity, with 52.9% of eyes gaining 2 lines or more (P < 0.01). At 6 months, there were 5 eyes that maintained the 2 lines gain and none had @entity20240 line from baseline (P = 0.03). In 8 eyes (47.1%), reinjection of the implant was performed at a mean of 6.5 months. Ocular @entity101 (47.1%), @entity8814 (11.8%), anterior chamber displacement of the implant (5.9%), and @entity726 , which required filtration surgery (5.9%), were the most common adverse events. Mean follow-up was 9.6 months (range, 6-17 months). CONCLUSION: In this small case series of eyes with limited follow-up, treatment with @entity619 intravitreal implant injection for uveitic macular @entity4 in vitrectomized eyes was associated with favorable visual outcomes and had an acceptable safety profile.

title: XXXX intravitreal implant for treatment of uveitic persistent @entity1103 in vitrectomized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: In the denervated @entity1 heart a change in right atrial pressure will still alter heart rate (intrinsic rate response, @entity12623 ). We have examined the @entity12623 in isolated right atria of the @entity840 maintained in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C, to compare with and extend studies in other species, and to determine whether the @entity840 is a suitable model for electrophysiological studies of the @entity12623 . Baseline diastolic transmural pressure was set at 2 mmHg. A 6-mmHg increase in right atrial pressure (RAP) caused an increase in atrial rate that reached a steady value of 15 min(-1) after 1-2 min. This response was enhanced by @entity5402 and attenuated by @entity3044 . The influence of RAP on the rate response to vagal stimulation was examined. With RAP set at 8 mmHg, the reduction in atrial rate following vagal stimulation was 72+/-5% of that at 2 mmHg (n=6, mean+/-S.E., P<0.005). Continuous vagal stimulation produced a sustained @entity1168 , and the effect of this @entity1168 on the @entity12623 was examined. When atrial rate was reduced 6% by vagal stimulation, the @entity12623 was augmented to 202+/-21% of the control (n=6, P<0.005). This augmentation was larger (P<0.05) than that seen when atrial rate was reduced 8% by @entity5402 (130+/-8% of control; n=7, P<0.05). Overall, the @entity12623 in the @entity840 is similar to that in the @entity95 , and shows similar interactions with the autonomic nervous system.

title: Interaction of the autonomic nervous system with intrinsic cardiac rate regulation in the @entity840 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Cavia porcellus']


abstract: The relationship between epididymis ultrasonography (US) and @entity249 is poorly defined probably owing to lack of objective and reproducible criteria of US evaluation. Here, we evaluated US size of testes, caput and of @entity6789 in infertile @entity1 : 165 with total sperm count >= 39     10(6) , 187 with total sperm count <39     10(6) and 75 azoospermic @entity1 . Blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and of total @entity251 were also evaluated. US measures obtained using a high-frequency (12  MHz) linear array transducer, included the mean value of bilateral testicular volumes (mL) (Testes-M), of bilateral longitudinal diameter of caput epididymis (mm) (Caput-M) and of the bilateral antero-posterior diameter of the corpus measured on a longitudinal scan (mm) (Corpus-M). Testicular histology of azoospermic @entity1 was obtained and the percentage of seminiferous tubules with elongated spermatids (%T) was used to classify cases with normal spermatogenesis (obstructive @entity3893 ) (n  =  17; %T  >=   80), or with deranged spermatogenesis (n  =  58; %T   <=  33). Caput-M was correlated with Testes-M (p  =  0.0003; r  =  0.17) and with FSH serum levels (p  =  0.024; r  =  -0.14) but not with semen parameters. Caput-M but not Corpus-M values resulted greater in obstructive @entity3893 compared with other groups, but difference was not significant. Cut-off values of Testes-M, Caput-M and of FSH correctly classified cases of obstructive @entity3893 (AUC  >  0.5). A @entity1 with FSH < 7.8  IU/mL had a 63.6% chance (CI 40.1-83.2%) of being affected by obstructive @entity3893 . US Caput-M >= 10.85  mm, which represented the cut-off value with the highest combination of sensitivity (58.8%, CI 32.9-81.6%) and specificity (91.4%, CI 81.0-97.1%) applied in cases with FSH < 7.8  IU/mL increased the probability for obstructive @entity3893 from 63.6% up to 92.3% (CI 76.5-98.8%). US evaluation of the caput epididymis diameter helped in predicting the obstructive origin of @entity3893 when FSH was not increased, whereas it was not relevant in non-azoospermic @entity1 .

title: Ultrasonographic determination of caput epididymis diameter is strongly predictive of obstruction in the genital tract in azoospermic XXXX with normal serum FSH.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus epididymis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrio-ventricular junctional ablation with pacemaker insertion has been shown to improve quality of life in @entity1 with drug refractory @entity955 . It is unknown whether this improvement is secondary to the ablation procedure or to the pacemaker mode utilised. To investigate this we reviewed our experience of implanting a dual chamber rate responsive pacemaker with mode switching (DDDR/MS) alone on quality of life in this @entity1 group. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over a 1-year period, 19 @entity1 (mean age 62+/-9 years, 13 female) with drug refractory @entity955 (mean duration of symptoms 8.7+/-7 years, failed 3.1+/-0.9 anti-arrhythmic drugs, @entity2643 in 15) were recruited. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 1 month using a cardiac specific questionnaire, the modified Karolinska questionnaire. The mean score for all @entity1 significantly improved by 39% at follow up (baseline 59+/-24, 1 month 36+/-24, P=0.001). Individually 15 @entity1 (79%) had an improvement in their score, whilst for 13 @entity1 (68%) their symptoms were sufficiently improved after pacing that ablation was not required. The benefit was maintained to a mean follow up of 12+/-5 months (score 31+/-20, P<0.001). Six @entity1 remained symptomatic after pacing and requested further treatment. Benefit was unrelated to symptoms at baseline or the number and total duration of @entity955 episodes recorded on pacemaker Holter. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with drug refractory @entity955 , DDDR/MS pacing alone can improve quality of life without concurrent @entity616 in a significant proportion of @entity1 .

title: Ablate and pace for drug refractory XXXX . Is ablation necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular junctional ablation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: 10% of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 have young-onset @entity191 (YOPD). We compared YOPD @entity1 to control @entity1 in terms of hospital utilization and outcomes and medical comorbidities during hospitalization. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) provides yearly data on hospital admissions and discharges from approximately 1,000 hospitals. NIS data sets (1998-2003) were used to identify @entity1 aged 18-40 years, including 714 @entity191 @entity1 and 2,007 randomly selected control @entity1 (1:3 matching). RESULTS: Hospital length of stay (p < 0.001) and number of discharge diagnoses (p < 0.001) were higher in @entity191 @entity1 than controls. @entity191 @entity1 were more likely than controls to be discharged to a short-term hospital (odds ratio, OR, 2.23, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.30-3.84, p = 0.004) or a skilled nursing facility (OR 4.14, 95% CI 3.06-5.61, p < 0.001); 20.4% required transfer to a short-term hospital or another facility. The most common discharge Diagnosis-Related Group code in @entity191 @entity1 was @entity716 (23% of @entity1 ) whereas @entity55 and @entity173 were not associated with @entity191 . CONCLUSIONS: YOPD @entity1 had greater healthcare utilization and hospital morbidity than controls. Upon discharge, 1 in 5 required transfer to a short-term hospital or another facility. @entity716 was the most common comorbidity whereas several comorbidities associated with older @entity191 @entity1 were not common.

title: Young-onset XXXX : hospital utilization and medical comorbidity in a nationwide survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip or pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: From 1955 to 1985, 20 @entity1 presented with a @entity1911 (2 had @entity5 and 2 had a @entity1911 ). There were 13 male and 7 female @entity1 , and the highest incidence was in the second decade. Although most @entity1 presented with symptoms typical of @entity1911 , several presented with unusual features related to the anatomical location, such as mediastinal mass ( @entity5 ), upper airway obstruction (neck @entity5 ) or gross @entity811 ( @entity150 ). In 5 of 6 @entity1 in whom plasma @entity2922 levels were fractionated epinephrine levels were elevated. The most common @entity5 location was the superior para-aortic region (13 @entity1 ). In 16 @entity1 the location of @entity5 was established before treatment. Computerized tomography (9 @entity1 ) was the most accurate imaging study for @entity5 localization. A total of 19 @entity1 underwent complete excision of all @entity1911 . Postoperative followup information (median interval 120 months) was available for 15 of these @entity1 . Three @entity1 had recurrent @entity1911 that was treated successfully. One @entity1 had essential @entity101 . No @entity1 had @entity3 . The low incidence of @entity5 suggests a benign course for @entity1911 and represents a departure from the previously reported higher incidence of @entity1911 .

title: Experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas', 'total of 22 extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas', 'extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'malignant extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'malignancy with extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'chest tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new subline of the senescence accelerated @entity19 (SAM) P1/Yit strain has been established which shows @entity32 under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. AIMS: To elucidate the pathogenesis of enteric @entity32 in this new subline. METHODS: The SPF and germ free (GF) @entity56258 /Yit strains were used. Histological, immunological, and microbiological characterisation of the @entity19 with enteric @entity32 was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, enteritic @entity32 developed as a discontinuous lesion in the terminal ileum and caecum with the infiltration of many inflammatory cells after 10 weeks of age. the activity of myeloperoxidase, and both immunolocalisation and mRNA expression of inducible @entity842 synthase increased in the lesion. @entity5168 -epsilon positive T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were more numerous in the inflamed mucosa of the @entity56258 /Yit strain. The GF @entity56258 /Yit strain did not show any @entity32 in the intestinal wall, by the age of 30 weeks, and the @entity1681 and caecitis developed 10 weeks after the conventionalisation of the GF @entity56258 /Yit strain. CONCLUSION: Enteric @entity32 in the ileum and caecum developed in the @entity56258 /Yit strain. The pathophysiological characteristics of the disease in this @entity19 have some similarities to those of @entity1 @entity29 ( @entity29 ). This @entity19 should be a useful model system for elucidating the interaction between the pathogenesis of @entity29 and the gut microflora.

title: @entity29 and caecitis in a senescence accelerated XXXX P1/Yit strain.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'spontaneous enteric inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cost-effectiveness analysis of timely dialysis referral after @entity177 was undertaken from the perspective of the Public Administration. The current Spanish situation, where all the @entity1 undergoing graft function loss are referred back to dialysis in a late manner, was compared to an ideal scenario where all the @entity1 are timely referred. METHODS: A Markov model was developed in which six health states were defined: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, late referral hemodialysis, late referral peritoneal dialysis and @entity204 . The model carried out a simulation of the progression of @entity8 for a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 @entity1 aged 40, who were observed in a lifetime temporal horizon of 45   years. In depth sensitivity analyses were performed in order to ensure the robustness of the results obtained. RESULTS: Considering a discount rate of 3   %, timely referral showed an incremental cost of 211    , compared to late referral. This cost increase was however a consequence of the incremental survival observed. The incremental effectiveness was 0.0087 quality-adjusted life years (QALY). When comparing both scenarios, an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 24,390    /QALY was obtained, meaning that timely dialysis referral might be an efficient alternative if a willingness-to-pay threshold of 45,000    /QALY is considered. This result proved to be independent of the proportion of late referral @entity1 observed. The acceptance probability of timely referral was 61.90   %, while late referral was acceptable in 38.10   % of the simulations. If we however restrict the analysis to those situations not involving any loss of effectiveness, the acceptance probability of timely referral was 70.10   %, increasing twofold that of late referral (29.90   %). CONCLUSIONS: Timely dialysis referral after graft function loss might be an efficient alternative in Spain, improving both @entity1 ' survival rates and health-related quality of life at an affordable cost. Spanish Public Health authorities might therefore promote the inclusion of specific recommendations for this group of @entity1 within the existing clinical guidelines.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of timely dialysis referral after XXXX in Spain.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal transplant failure']


abstract: @entity17376 was infused intravenously in 11 lightly anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing @entity2608 . In most, the EEG, ECG, respiratory rate, blood pressure, cerebral venous sinus pressure, end-tidal pCO2 and body temperature were recorded. Blood gases, pH, @entity880 and @entity2388 were @entity455 . There was an initial hyperventilation with @entity116 in all animals. A rapid rate of @entity3789 infusion led to apnoea. An isoelectric or near-isoelectric EEG was usually precipitated by @entity1168 often with additional @entity551 . Neither @entity302 nor their EEG concomitants were seen at any stage. Three animals died of early @entity712 . @entity75 was seen in 4 animals surviving up to 98 hr. White matter was involved in all. @entity528 , restricted to the striatum of one animal, were attributed to major circulatory complications. It was concluded that under these experimental conditions there is no evidence for @entity519 neuronal damage of purely histotoxic type.

title: @entity3789 intoxication in XXXX . Physiological and neuropathological aspects.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['estimated in arterial and venous sinus blood samples']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain damage']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic neuronal alterations']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess the effect of treatment on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity699 . Nineteen @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD, 41 +/- 10 years; preoperative duration of disease 20 +/- 15 months) were studied. Six @entity1 had a @entity701 -producing @entity652 and 13 had pituitary-dependent @entity774 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry just before and 1-10 years after adrenalectomy or pituitary adenomectomy. @entity1 were divided in two groups. The first group of 9 @entity1 (6 adrenal and 3 pituitary @entity652 ; group A) included those treated successfully by surgery ( > 5 years follow-up in the case of pituitary surgery). The second group of 10 @entity1 (group B) included those treated with the steroidogenesis inhibitor @entity3102 , 300-600 mg/day, after unsuccessful pituitary surgery. In group A, restoration of normal @entity701 was associated with a significant increase in @entity79 (from 829 +/- 112 mg/cm2 to 952 +/- 107 mg/cm2; p = 0.002). In group B, no changes in @entity79 were observed (from 857 +/- 160 to 847 +/- 163 mg/cm2), in spite of markedly decreased or normalized @entity701 levels during @entity3102 treatment. These findings indicate that definitive correction of @entity699 restores @entity79 to normal levels in @entity1 with @entity699 . In @entity1 treated with @entity3102 after unsuccessful pituitary surgery, even when normalization of @entity701 levels was achieved, @entity79 remained low. This would suggest an interfering effect of this drug on bone metabolism.

title: Recovery of XXXX after surgical cure, but not by @entity3102 treatment, in @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 /flutter (Af) has been considered to occur coincidentally with @entity713 . However, a case with complete @entity713 was reported to histologically show fibrotic changes solely in the atrial muscles but neither in the AV node nor in the His bundle, indicating a possible relation between @entity713 and @entity4710 . To test a hypothesis that @entity713 and Af are causally interrelated, we investigated the incidence and electrophysiological characteristics of @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with persistent complete @entity713 underwent the electrophysiological study. @entity1 with spontaneous/electrically induced Af were compared with the other @entity1 with respect to their electrophysiological variables. Of the 42 @entity1 , Af was transiently induced by electrical stimulation in 5 @entity1 (11.9%), while persistent Af was observed in 2 @entity1 (4.8%, @entity3798 and @entity616 ). @entity713 in the 5 @entity1 with induced Af was invariably due to @entity616 . @entity616 complicated by persistent/induced Af was marked by relatively short RR intervals, significantly short junctional recovery time, and impaired intra-atrial conduction. CONCLUSIONS: Electrically induced @entity955 was associated frequently with complete @entity616 . These @entity1 were characterized differently from the commonly recognized @entity713 and therefore may stand as a unique subgroup of @entity616 .

title: Incidence of induced @entity955 in complete @entity713 . A concept of ' @entity955 ' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Af in complete AV block']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['AH block', 'HV block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['atrio-hisian block']


abstract: A major problem in @entity20770 breeding in East Africa is the high mortality rate of young @entity20770 @entity291 . The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of @entity20770 colostrum and extent of the @entity291 passive immunization by maternal antibodies. In 31 @entity20770 birth on a ranch in Kenya, IgG concentrations in the colostrum and in the serum of the @entity291 during the first three days of life were measured. IgG concentration in the serum of the @entity291 reaches a maximum 24 hours after birth. In 39% of the examined @entity291 , this maximum concentration was below 4 g/l. In 61% of the calves, an IgG concentration of more than 4 g/l was reached. No correlation was found between diseased animals and the IgG concentrations in the serum of the @entity291 involved. A minor IgG concentration can be excluded as a reason for @entity291 mortality. The high percentage of insufficient IgG concentration in the serum of the @entity291 therefore must be caused by insufficient intake of colostrum. Future measures in order to decrease @entity291 mortality must therefore try to improve the management of @entity291 , especially the sufficient intake of colostrum.

title: [The supply of newborn XXXX foals ( @entity20770 ) with immunoglobulin G].

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['camel']


abstract: The effects of cell cycle inhibition on the expression of the multidrug resistance transporter @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) as well as of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) were investigated in DU-145 @entity263 spheroids. With increasing spheroid size the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase augmented, whereas the number of cells in the G2/M phase and the S phase of the cell cycle declined. The number of G0/G1 cells was elevated after incubation with either @entity25223 , @entity866 or serum-free medium. @entity1138 and @entity9363 increased the number of S phase cells. @entity9363 additionally increased cells in the G2/M phase. Incubation in serum-free medium upregulated @entity994 ( @entity994 ), @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity1262 . @entity25223 treatment resulted in upregulation of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity1262 , whereas @entity994 ( @entity994 ) remained unchanged. Upon @entity9363 treatment @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) were downregulated, whereas @entity1262 was unaltered. @entity1138 treatment resulted in downregulation of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity994 ( @entity994 ); no significant change in @entity1262 levels was observed. @entity866 induced upregulation of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) whereas @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) remained unaltered. @entity1262 was downregulated upon @entity866 treatment, which was owing to an elevation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species by this compound. It is concluded that upregulation of @entity1262 in G0/G1 phase cells requires coexpression of the CDK inhibitor @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) but not the CDK inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ).

title: Modulation of intrinsic XXXX expression in multicellular @entity263 spheroids by cell cycle inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity25223 :: ('MESH:D008898', 'Chemical') :: ['mimosine', 'Mimosine']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['roscovitine', 'Roscovitine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine', 'staurosporine']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity2009 ( @entity2009 ) on the outcome of a Fontan procedure are unclear. We undertook this study to define the incidence and extent of @entity1412 flow, identify risk factors for @entity1412 flow, and determine if @entity1412 flow has a measurable effect on the outcome of a Fontan procedure. METHODS: The @entity1412 flow was directly measured in 32 @entity1 undergoing Fontan procedures from July 1997 to September 2000. The @entity1412 flow was measured in the operating room during total cardiopulmonary bypass, and was expressed as a percentage of total bypass pump flow. RESULTS: The @entity1412 flow ranged from 9% to 49% of total pump flow (median, 18%). Higher preoperative systemic @entity26 saturation, pulmonary artery @entity26 saturation, pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, and angiographic @entity1412 grade correlated with higher @entity1412 flow. There were no operative deaths; there was one Fontan takedown ( @entity1412 flow = 14%). The @entity1412 flow had no significant effects on postoperative Fontan pressure, common atrial pressure, transpulmonary gradient, duration of effusions, or resource utilization after the Fontan procedures. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing a Fontan procedure, @entity1412 flow is omnipresent, although its extent varies widely. Increased @entity1412 flow has no significant effect on the outcome of a Fontan procedure. This conclusion applies to @entity1 who are well prepared for a Fontan procedure, but may not extend to @entity1 at higher risk.

title: Aortopulmonary collateral flow in the Fontan XXXX : does it matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['APCs', 'aortopulmonary collaterals']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Background: The cribriform-morular variant of @entity3557 (cmvPTC) is rare. There are few if any studies of the ultrasonographic (US) features of cmvPTC. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic US and clinical features of the cmvPTC. Methods: A retrospective review of the US and clinical features was performed on 18 surgically confirmed cmvPTCs in 5 @entity1 who were seen at our institution between January 2000 and December 2010. Results: All @entity1 were female with a mean age of 28 years (range, 19-46 years). Two @entity1 presented with palpable lesions and the other @entity1 were incidentally detected during screening US. At US, the majority of nodules had well-defined, oval to round shapes and were hypoechoic and solid nodule without @entity730 . However, 6 (33.3%) of 18 nodules did have cystic change. The size of the lesions varied from 0.3 to 3.0 cm (mean, 1.11 cm). None of the nodules were diagnosed as malignant based on US criteria but all except one @entity1 had cytology of their thyroid nodules that were read as malignant, without revealing the subtype of their PTC. Two of the 5 @entity1 had @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) and they had bilateral multiple nodules. No metastatic lymph nodes or extrathyroidal extension were identified. To date, none of the @entity1 has had recurrence or @entity3 during their mean follow-up of 25 months after thyroidectomy. Conclusion: It appears that most cases of cmvPTC do not have features of @entity5 on US and are indolent @entity5 as far as their clinical and histological features are concerned.

title: Cribriform-Morular Variant of XXXX : US and Clinical Characteristics.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity9229 , a new @entity4086 derivative, is a potent @entity19969 inhibitor. In this review, results are combined from previously published and unpublished blind laboratory and open clinical studies with @entity9229 in pseudopregnant, pregnant and lactating bitches, in bitches with normal and prolonged cycles, and in pregnant queens. Dose-response studies in nursing bitches, using puppy weight as an endpoint, revealed that a dose of 5 micrograms/kg/day orally (for 5 days) was the optimal dose with a minimum of side effects. This dose effectively lowered blood @entity19969 concentrations in pregnant bitches and was partly luteolytic during the 1st half of gestation, and fully luteolytic during the 2nd half of gestation. Consequently, pregnancies were terminated in the 2nd half of pregnancy in the bitch, and in the queen. Treatment successes with @entity5535 , including cases of @entity3036 , were greater than 90%. The same level of success was seen in bitches with prolonged cycles (anoestrus). A 7-10-day treatment period resulted almost uniformly in oestrus, and restored fertility in greater than 80% of all bitches mated. Cycles were occasionally shortened in bitches treated for false lactation. Attempts to shorten cycles routinely in beagle bitches, in a commercial breeding operation, with a dose of 5 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days during months 4, 5 or 6 of the cycle were unsuccessful.

title: Effects on pseudopregnancy, pregnancy and interoestrous intervals of pharmacological suppression of XXXX secretion in female dogs and cats.

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity4086 :: ('MESH:D004873', 'Chemical') :: ['ergoline']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopregnancy and true and false lactation']

answer: @entity19969 :: (488241(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of complications associated with the use of surgical needle catheter jejunostomy and tolerance to enteral nutrition. @entity1 AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective study of 58 consecutive @entity1 , who underwent esophageal or gastric resection with esophageal @entity254 and needle catheter jejunostomy. The variables studied were initiation of enteral nutrition, duration of perfusion, complications associated with the use of jejunostomy, and tolerance to enteral nutrition. RESULTS: Mortality in the series was 1.7%. Infusion of enteral nutrition was started at mean of 4.84+/-5.01 days and lasted for a mean of 7.9+/-7.5 days. In one @entity1 the jejunostomy could not be used due to catheter obstruction and in another 2 @entity1 some resistance to perfusion of nutrition was observed but these @entity1 could be fed through the tube. One @entity1 had to undergo reintervention due to @entity298 caused by extravasation of the enteral nutrition within the peritoneal cavity. Catheter withdrawal was difficult in 2 @entity1 ; of these, 1 @entity1 required investigation of the skin wound under local anesthetic. The overall rate of jejunostomy-related complications was 10.3%. Tolerance of enteral nutrition was acceptable in 41 @entity1 , the infusion rate was reduced in 6 @entity1 and infusion was discontinued due to intolerance in 10. CONCLUSIONS: Because needle catheter jejunostomy produces low morbidity and good tolerance to enteral nutrition, it is a valid alternative in @entity1 with esophageal @entity254 .

title: [Enteral nutrition with needle catheter jejunostomy in esophageal XXXX . Complications of the technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness and side effects of botulinum toxin using four different treatment site applications to determine the most successful treatment regime with the least side effects. METHODS: In a prospective trial, 92 @entity1 (50 @entity9663 and 42 hemifacial @entity2473 ) were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 different treatment groups (standard [S], brow [B], inner orbital [IO], or outer orbital [OO]). Each treatment group had a different pattern of injection sites in the orbicularis. A total of 285 treatments were given, and the mean follow-up time was 16.4 months. RESULTS: In the @entity9663 group, @entity1 assigned to the standard group had a significantly longer duration of effect than for those in the brow, inner orbital, and outer orbital groups (8.1 weeks compared with 4.5, 4.2, and 3.1 weeks, respectively; P < 0.001). In the hemifacial @entity2473 group, @entity1 in the outer orbital group had significantly shorter duration of effect than those in standard, brow, or inner orbital group (7.2 weeks compared with 12.6, 12.8 and 10.4 weeks, respectively; P < 0.001). The four major complications of botulinum toxin treatment were @entity9467 , @entity146 , @entity1736 , and @entity892 . The inner orbital treatment produced significantly more episodes of @entity1736 (13% of treatments). However, the standard treatment produced the most @entity9467 and @entity146 (18% of treatments). CONCLUSIONS: The position of the injection sites around the orbicularis influences the effectiveness and side effects of botulinum toxin treatment for @entity1 with @entity9663 and hemifacial @entity2473 . The further the treatment is away from the eyelid margin, the lower the risk of ocular side effects. The standard treatment produces the longest duration of effect in the @entity9663 group but with the most transient @entity146 and @entity9467 . In the hemifacial @entity2473 group, the brow treatment has an equally long duration of effect as that of the standard treatment with fewer side effects.

title: @entity9663 and hemifacial XXXX . Randomized trial to determine the most appropriate location for botulinum toxin injections.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ocular irritation']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: By repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study synovial membrane regeneration and recurrence of @entity603 after arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other (non- @entity309 ) causes of persistent knee joint @entity603 . METHODS: Contrast enhanced MRI was performed in 15 knees (nine @entity309 , six non- @entity309 ) before and one day, seven days, two months, and 12 months after arthroscopic synovectomy. Synovial membrane volumes, joint effusion volumes, and cartilage and @entity79 were assessed on each MRI set. Baseline microscopic and macroscopic assessments of @entity603 and baseline and follow up standard clinical and biochemical examinations were available. RESULTS: Synovial membrane and joint fluid volumes were significantly reduced two and 12 months after synovectomy. However, MRI signs of recurrent @entity603 were already present in most knees at two months. No significant differences between volumes in @entity309 and non- @entity309 knees were seen. Synovial membrane volumes at two months were significantly inversely correlated with the duration of clinical remission, for all knees considered together (Spearman's correlation r(s)=-0.67; p<0.05), for @entity309 knees (r(s)=-0.76; p<0.05), and for non- @entity309 knees (r(s)=-0.83; p<0.05). Baseline volumes were not significantly correlated with clinical outcome. Only three knees (all @entity309 ) showed erosive progression. The rate of erosive progression was not correlated with MRI volumes or with clinical or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: The synovial membrane had regenerated two months after arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy and despite significant @entity353 compared with baseline it often showed signs of recurrent @entity603 . MRI seems to be valuable as a marker of @entity32 , destruction and, perhaps, as a predictor of therapeutic outcome in @entity625 .

title: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging as marker of synovial membrane regeneration and recurrence of XXXX after arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy: a one year follow up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reductions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']