abstract: BACKGROUND: A biweekly regimen of @entity2600 200 mg/m2 on day 1 and levo-leucovorin (LV) 250 mg/m2 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 850 mg/m2 via intravenous bolus on day 2 was assessed in 2 consecutive randomized trials in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Individual data of 254 @entity1 were merged, and baseline features potentially affecting overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and occurrence of severe @entity137 were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In the pooled series, ORR was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%-39%). @entity409 (47% vs. 25%; P=0.0012) and absence of previous @entity353 (38% vs. 20%; P=0.0189) were significantly associated with a higher ORR on the multivariate analysis. Absence of @entity353 (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93; P=0.0377) was significantly associated with a longer PFS (7.5 months vs. 6 months). Median @entity1349 was 15.1 months (95% CI, 13.5-16.6 months). Primary surgery, good performance status (PS), only one metastatic site, and @entity901 -based second-line treatment independently predicted a longer @entity1349 . Grade 4 @entity1398 was significantly associated with a PS>or=1, whereas risk of grade>or=3 @entity294 was directly related to age and previous @entity353 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with no @entity353 and/or preserved PS and with a limited disease extent appeared to obtain the greatest benefit from our @entity2600 / @entity1487 /LV regimen, with acceptable @entity137 . Notably, the regimen was effective and well tolerated by elderly @entity1 . This regimen may represent the rationale for assessing the addition of novel antiangiogenic drugs to the treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity2600 plus high-dose leucovorin and intravenous bolus XXXX for metastatic @entity14 : pooled analysis of two consecutive southern Italy cooperative oncology group trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver-only disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term survival is similar after open or endovascular repair of @entity1028 . Few data exist on the effect of either procedure on long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health status. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in a multicentre randomized clinical trial (DREAM trial; 2000-2003) in Europe of open repair versus endovascular repair (EVAR) of @entity1028 were asked to complete questionnaires on health status and HRQoL. HRQoL scores were assessed at baseline and at 13 time points thereafter, using generic tools, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36  ) and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D   ). Physical (PCS) and mental component summary scores were also calculated. Follow-up was 5 years. RESULTS: Some 332 of 351 @entity1 enrolled in the trial returned questionnaires. More than 70 per cent of questionnaires were returned at each time point. Both surgical interventions had a short-term negative effect on HRQoL and health status. This was less severe in the EVAR group than in the open repair group. In the longer term the physical domains of SF-36   favoured open repair: mean difference in PCS score between open repair and EVAR -1  98 (95 per cent c.i. -3  56 to -0  41). EQ-5D    descriptive and EQ-5D    visual analogue scale scores for open repair were also superior to those for EVAR after the initial 6-week interval: mean difference -0  06 (-0  10 to -0  02) and -4  09 (-6  91 to -1  27) respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study EVAR appeared to be associated with less severe disruption to HRQoL and health status in the short term. However, during longer-term follow-up to 5 years, @entity1 receiving open repair appeared to have improved quality of life and health status.

title: Quality of life from a randomized trial of open and endovascular repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) in the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is widely accepted; however, there is increased concern regarding its abuse potential. Few studies have examined the reinforcing effects of drugs in individuals receiving them for clinical purposes. This study attempts to assess @entity7541 preference in @entity1 with @entity71 using a choice procedure in order to explore the relationship among drug preference, clinical efficacy, and abuse potential. METHODS: @entity1 were 5 @entity1 (10-14 years of age) receiving @entity7541 for the treatment of @entity71 . Reinforcing effects were assessed using a double-blind choice procedure, with six sampling sessions and six choice sessions. @entity1 -rated effects were measured using self-report questionnaires. Clinical effects were measured using direct observations and behavior ratings. RESULTS: Differences between the number of @entity7541 , Placebo, and Neither choices across @entity1 were significant (chi2 = 9.6; p < 0.01). Three of five @entity1 reliably chose @entity7541 more often than placebo. @entity7541 produced idiosyncratic patterns of @entity1 -rated effects but failed to produce significant clinical effects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to the literature on the reinforcing effects of @entity7541 and are the first reported in a clinical sample of @entity1 . Further research exploring the role of clinical efficacy in @entity7541 preference is warranted.

title: A pilot study of XXXX preference assessment in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the clinical benefit and favorable safety profile previously noted with the combination of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) given for 24 weeks in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) would be maintained for a further 24 weeks, and whether the addition of @entity870 in @entity1 who had previously been randomized to receive placebo + @entity1500 would result in clinical benefit. METHODS: Eligible subjects from the initial study (weeks 0-24), in which the addition of placebo or @entity870 to @entity1500 therapy was compared in @entity1 with @entity309 that was partially responsive to @entity1500 , were enrolled. @entity1 who had received @entity870 + @entity1500 continued this regimen for a further 24 weeks (weeks 24-48) (group 1; n = 48), and @entity1 who had initially received placebo + @entity1500 now received @entity870 + @entity1500 for 24 weeks (weeks 24-48) (group 2; n = 44), in an open-label extension study. The primary outcome measures were the number of @entity2720 , number of swollen joints, physician and @entity1 global assessments, @entity158 as measured by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. RESULTS: Of the 92 @entity1 enrolled, 80 (87%) completed the extension study. In @entity1 in group 1, the clinically and statistically significant improvement in response outcomes previously noted at week 24, ranging from 25% to 50%, was maintained through week 48. In @entity1 in group 2, the addition of @entity870 resulted in significant clinical improvement. By week 48, most outcome measures in group 2 @entity1 were similar to those in group 1 @entity1 . @entity870 treatment resulted in a small increase in serum @entity1011 levels, but only 1 @entity1 was withdrawn from the study for this reason. CONCLUSION: The clinical improvement previously observed in @entity1 treated with the @entity870 + @entity1500 combination for 24 weeks was maintained for 24 subsequent weeks, without serious adverse effects, and was also observed in the @entity1 whose treatment was switched from placebo + @entity1500 to @entity870 + @entity1500 .

title: Combination treatment of severe @entity309 with @entity205 and XXXX for forty-eight weeks: an open-label extension study. The @entity1499 - @entity205 Combination Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, functional disability']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ) are particularly prone to suicidal behavior, yet possible protective mechanisms are not often studied. The present study investigated a possible protective role of moral objections to suicide (MOS) against suicidal behavior in @entity1 with @entity1314 and current @entity308 . The effect of MOS was then examined in relation to other mechanisms affecting suicide risk including trait aggressivity and the presence of effective coping strategies. METHOD: 147 @entity308 @entity1 with comorbid @entity1314 (DSM-III-R) were compared with 210 @entity308 @entity1 without @entity1314 in terms of their history of suicide attempts and clinical and demographic characteristics. The relationship of MOS to suicide attempt was examined by logistic regression controlling for demographic and clinical differences between the groups as well as presence of comorbid @entity1314 . Data were collected from 1990 to 2003. RESULTS: Subjects with comorbid @entity1314 had fewer MOS and reported more previous suicide attempts. In logistic regression, fewer MOS/religious beliefs, lower coping potential, and higher aggression level were associated with suicide attempt. A @entity1314 diagnosis did not affect the relationship between MOS and suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the presence of MOS/religious beliefs may have a protective effect against suicidal behavior in @entity308 @entity1 with comorbid @entity1314 and may be a target for therapeutic intervention.

title: Moral objections to suicide: Can they counteract suicidality in XXXX with cluster B psychopathology?

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['cluster B personality disorder', 'CBPD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Management of waste generated in any health-care facility is a critical issue as it poses a direct threat to @entity1 health as well as to the environment. The biomedical waste generated in the dental scenario includes sharps, used disposable items, infectious waste (blood-soaked @entity2708 , gauze, etc.), hazardous waste ( @entity349 , lead), and chemical waste (such as spent film developers, fixers, and disinfectants). A major concern in our field is management and disposal of @entity349 . AIMS: To obtain information about the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental institutions and dental practitioners in the disposal of waste. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A self-administered questionnaire, composed of 50 questions was designed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was distributed among the @entity1 , chosen randomly, including dental students, faculty from dental colleges and private practitioners in and around Delhi, India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The percentage response for each question from all the @entity1 was obtained and the data was calculated. RESULTS: Many dentists have knowledge about the waste management but they lack in the attitude and practice. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for education regarding hazards associated with improper waste disposal at all levels of dental personnel. It is imperative that waste should be segregated and disposed off in a safe manner to protect the environment as well as @entity1 health.

title: Dental perspective on biomedical waste and XXXX management: a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of @entity585 controls recurrent @entity3327 in @entity1 with @entity3458 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with recurrent @entity3327 because of sickle cell disease received @entity585 during 120 days. The initial dose was decreased every 40 days, from 5 mg/d to 3 mg and then to 1 mg of @entity585 until the end of 120 days. Five groups (G) were created based on @entity3327 episodes in a month: G0, no episode; G1, 1-15 episodes; G2, 16-30; G3, 31-45; and G4, >45 episodes. RESULTS: Records on day 0: G0, no @entity1 ; G1, 7 (20%); G2, 21 (60%); G3, 4 (12%); and G4: 3 (8%). After 40 days of using 5 mg/d @entity585 we found the following results: G0, 5 @entity1 (14%); G1, 19 (55%); G2, 8 (23%); G3, 3 (8%); and G4, none. At the end of the 40-day period, using 3 mg/d @entity585 , the findings were as follows: G0, 19 @entity1 (55%); G1, 14 (39%); G2, 2 (6%); G3, none; and G4, none. The findings after 120 days with 1 mg/d @entity585 for the last 40 days were as follows: 16 @entity1 (46%) and G1, 16 (46%). In 1 @entity1 , the dose was increased to 3 mg and in 2 @entity1 , to 5 mg, so as to achieve remission. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the use of @entity585 could decrease and control the number of @entity3327 in @entity1 with @entity3458 , with fewer side effects than other drugs currently used.

title: Treatment of recurrent @entity3458 with XXXX : a new approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3327 :: ('MESH:D011317', 'Disease') :: ['priapism', 'priapism recurrences']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: Assessment of school performance provides an excellent index of adequacy of therapy of @entity6750 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Scholarly achievement of 73 @entity1 with @entity6750 screened and followed-up in our clinic was evaluated by comparison to national tests calculated from a wide random sample. The 73 @entity1 were divided into three groups: 31 @entity1 belonging to the @entity2602 class (third primary school class) (group 1); 13 @entity1 belonging to the 6th class (first secondary school class) having already passed @entity2602 tests (group 2); and 16 @entity1 also belonging to the 6th class but not having passed @entity2602 tests (group 3). RESULTS: The youngest @entity1 showed better results in French than national means, with similar results in mathematics. The intermediate aged @entity1 showed comparable scores to the national mean in both tests. The oldest @entity1 showed significantly less achievement in mathematics, and somewhat (but not markedly) less achievement in French. Etiology of @entity1375 did not seem to be a prognostic factor, with the @entity37772 @entity1 having better results in @entity2602 than ectopic ones. Age at onset of treatment and the duration of treatment before normalization of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) seemed to represent the main prognostic factors as does compliance to treatment, which depends on socioeconomic levels of families. CONCLUSION: Encouraging results are now obtained in those @entity1 who have been screened in the neonatal period and treated very early. Compliance to the treatment remains an important factor of prognosis.

title: [Results of national evaluation tests (primary schools) of XXXX and 6th classes of 73 students with @entity6750 screened at birth].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity37772 :: ('MESH:C566852', 'Disease') :: ['athyreotic']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity2602 :: (8824,Gene) :: ['CE2']


abstract: The 14-mer thrombopoietin mimetic peptide ( @entity1597 ), especially in the form of dimer, displayed potent megakaryocytopoiesis activity in vitro. However, it is difficult to prepare such short peptide with high bioactivity through gene-engineering approaches. In this study, a chimeric protein containing a tandem dimer of @entity1597 ( @entity1597 ) fused to @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH), a kind of hematopoietic growth factor that activates the same signal pathways as thrombopoietin, was produced in @entity526 by soluble expression. By rational utilization of the XmnI and EcoRV restriction sites, a PCR fragment encoding @entity1597 -GH was inserted into the plasmid vector pMAL-p2X at the position right after Xa factor cleavage site, in frame with @entity2610 ( @entity2610 ) gene. Under optimized conditions, a high-level expression of soluble @entity2610 - @entity1597 -GH fusion protein was obtained. By application of amylose resin chromatography, Xa factor digestion, hydrophobic chromatography followed by gel filtration, the @entity1597 -GH fusion protein was separated. Finally, a relatively high yield of @entity1597 -GH fusion protein with high purity (>98%) and without redundant @entity535 was achieved, as identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and @entity535 sequencing. The functional assays showed that @entity1597 -GH could promote the proliferation of megakaryoblast cells and maturation of @entity19 megakaryocytes derived from bone marrow, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, an enhanced effect of @entity1597 -GH on megakaryocytopoiesis was found as compared with equimolar concentration of @entity1597 and rhGH. This work provides a new avenue to generate thrombopoietic agents based on @entity1597 .

title: Rational and efficient preparation of a chimeric protein containing a tandem dimer of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide fused to XXXX @entity2124 in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['maltose-binding protein', 'MBP']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity6757 ) has insulin-like effects on @entity296 uptake which may contribute to its beneficial effects in the setting of @entity741 . Whether these effects are different in the setting of @entity28 or @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) requires investigation. We examined the cardiometabolic actions of @entity6757 (7-36) in lean and @entity28 /T2DM @entity1 , and in lean and @entity28 Ossabaw @entity1707 . @entity6757 significantly augmented @entity296 uptake under resting conditions in lean @entity1 , but this effect was impaired in T2DM. This observation was confirmed and extended in @entity1707 , where @entity6757 effects to augment @entity296 uptake during exercise were seen in lean but not in @entity28 @entity1707 . @entity6757 did not increase myocardial oxygen consumption or blood flow in @entity1 or in @entity1707 . Impaired myocardial responsiveness to @entity6757 in @entity28 was not associated with any apparent alterations in myocardial or coronary @entity51496 expression. No evidence for @entity6757 -mediated activation of cAMP/PKA or @entity51497 signaling in lean or @entity28 hearts was observed. @entity6757 treatment augmented p38-MAPK activity in lean, but not @entity28 cardiac tissue. Taken together, these data provide novel evidence indicating that the cardiometabolic effects of @entity6757 are attenuated in @entity28 and T2DM, via mechanisms that may involve impaired p38-MAPK signaling.

title: Impaired cardiometabolic responses to glucagon-like peptide 1 in XXXX and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, using a dose-ranging design, we examined the effects of @entity1338 with 0.125% @entity1341 on the duration of post-operative @entity1337 in caudal anaesthesia in @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a controlled, prospective study of @entity1338 in caudal anaesthesia in 60 @entity1 , aged 1-10 years, undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were performed by inhalation of @entity2614 and @entity3810 . The @entity1 were randomized in a double-blind fashion to four groups, and were given a caudal anaesthetic with either 0.125% plain isobaric @entity1341 (1 ml/kg) or @entity1341 plus 1, 1.5 or 2 microg/kg of @entity1338 . The blood pressure and heart rate were recorded peri-operatively. @entity1337 was evaluated by the modified @entity1 's Hospital of Eastern Ontario @entity158 Scale (mCHEOPS) or a visual analogue scale (VAS). @entity1443 was given when the mCHEOPS score was greater than five or when the VAS score was greater than 30 mm. The monitoring of scores for @entity158 , haemodynamic changes and post-operative @entity1209 was performed by nurses blind to the study allocation. RESULTS: The duration of @entity1337 was found to be significantly longer in the group given @entity1341 plus 2 microg/kg of @entity1338 (median, 650 min; range, 300-900 min). Peri-operative @entity551 and @entity1168 , post-operative @entity1576 and motor block were not recorded in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity1338 to 0.125% @entity1341 prolongs the duration of post-operative @entity1337 without any respiratory or haemodynamic side-effects.

title: @entity1338 addition prolongs the duration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['caudal analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) enrolled 3711 @entity1 with mild-to-severe nonproliferative or early proliferative @entity6 in both eyes. @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity117 650 mg/day or placebo. One eye of each @entity1 was assigned randomly to @entity8658 and the other to deferral of photocoagulation. Follow-up examinations were scheduled at least every 4 months, and photocoagulation was initiated in eyes assigned to deferral as soon as high-risk proliferative @entity989 was detected. @entity117 was not found to have an effect on @entity989 progression or rates of @entity548 . The risk of a combined end point, severe @entity227 or vitrectomy, was low in eyes assigned to deferral (6% at 5 years) and was reduced by @entity8658 (4% at 5 years). Vitrectomy was carried out in 208 @entity1 during the 9 years of the study. This report presents baseline and previtrectomy characteristics and visual outcome in these @entity1 . METHODS: Information collected at baseline and during follow-up as part of the ETDRS protocol was supplemented by review of clinic charts for visual acuity and ocular status immediately before vitrectomy. RESULTS: Vitrectomy was performed in 208 (5.6%) of the 3711 @entity1 (243 eyes) enrolled in the ETDRS. The 5-year vitrectomy rates for eyes grouped by their initial photocoagulation assignment were as follows: 2.1% in the early full scatter photocoagulation group, 2.5% in the early mild scatter group, and 4.0% in the deferral group. The 5-year rates of vitrectomy (in one or both eyes) were 5.4% in @entity1 assigned to @entity117 and 5.2% in @entity1 assigned to a placebo. The indications for vitrectomy were either @entity548 (53.9%) or @entity1713 with or without @entity548 (46.1%). Before vitrectomy, visual acuity was 5/200 or worse in 66.7% of eyes and better than 20/100 in 6.2%. One year after vitrectomy, the visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 47.6% of eyes, including 24.0% with visual acuity of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSIONS: With frequent follow-up examinations and timely scatter (panretinal) photocoagulation, the 5-year cumulative rate of pars plana vitrectomy in ETDRS @entity1 was 5.3%. @entity117 use did not influence the rate of vitrectomy.

title: Pars plana vitrectomy in the Early Treatment @entity6 Study. ETDRS report number 17. The Early Treatment XXXX Study Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: @entity7936 and @entity407 result from the interaction of @entity1068 and its oxidation products with hepatic lipid metabolism. An early target of @entity1068 @entity137 is mitochondrial @entity844 oxidation. @entity3094 and reactive @entity26 species have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of the @entity2383 . Microsomal changes offset deleterious accumulation of @entity1718 , leading to enhanced formation of @entity1674 , which are partly secreted into the plasma and partly accumulate in the liver. However, this compensatory mechanism fades with progression of the @entity99 , whereas the production of toxic metabolites increases, exacerbating the lesions and promoting fibrogenesis. The early presence of these changes confers to the @entity1560 a worse prognosis than previously thought. @entity988 results primarily from increased hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein and secondarily from impairment in the removal of @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins from the plasma. @entity407 tends to disappear because of enhanced lipolytic activity and aggravation of the @entity99 . With moderate @entity167 consumption, the increase in high-density lipoprotein becomes the predominant feature. Its mechanism is multifactorial (increased hepatic secretion and increased extrahepatic formation as well as decreased removal) and explains part of the enhanced @entity165 transport from tissues to bile. These changes contribute to, but do not fully account for, the effects on @entity731 and/or @entity301 attributed to moderate drinking.

title: XXXX and lipids.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipemia', 'hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity15732 ( @entity3854 ) and lichen planus (LP) may cause persistent symptomatic @entity3305 . In the scant literature on this topic, there is no agreement about which operation is suitable, or the role of suppressive medical therapy. We report on simple perineotomy in the context of careful preoperative and postoperative medical suppressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 were identified within a referral vulvar practice, with symptomatic @entity3305 due to @entity3854 or LP. After sharp dissection of adhesions and injection of anesthesia, @entity1 doubled the frequency of their preoperative therapy and underwent close surveillance until complete healing had occurred. Suppression of the inflammatory process was continued indefinitely with regular review. RESULTS: Mean age was 57 years. Of the @entity1 , 27 had @entity3854 and 8 had LP. Of the 35 @entity1 , 28 (80%) had @entity546 or apareunia. Mean symptom duration was 9 years. Of the 35 @entity1 , 21 had posterior fusion, 11 had anterior fusion, and 3 had both anterior and posterior fusions. Of the 35 @entity1 , 17 had mild fusion, 11 had moderate fusion, and 7 had severe @entity850 . At the 3-month review, 31 of the 35 @entity1 had no refusion. Mean duration of follow-up was 2 years (range = 3 months to 7.5 years). Of the 35 @entity1 , 29 had no late refusion during this time. Of the 18 @entity1 with @entity546 , 8 had no @entity158 , and 9 had @entity158 . Of the 10 @entity1 with apareunia, 1 could have sex without @entity158 , and 6 could have sex but with @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Simple perineotomy is adequate to treat persistent @entity3305 , provided that the inflammatory process is carefully suppressed.

title: Surgical division of @entity3305 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15732 :: ('MESH:D007724', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvar lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity3305 :: ('MESH:D006560', 'Disease') :: ['labial adhesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['introital stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity15732 :: (MESH:D007724,Disease) :: ['vulvar lichen sclerosus and lichen planus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to assess the nature and incidence of adverse events after a fourth dose of a tricomponent acellular pertussis-diphtheriatetanus vaccine given in the second year of life after primary vaccination with the same vaccine at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. A secondary objective was to analyze the immunogeniecity of the booster vaccination. DESIGN: Of the 5361 @entity1 enrolled (aged 14 to 28 months), adverse reactions were specifically solicited from the first 1863 enrollees for the first 4 days after vaccination and then were unsolicited for the remainder of the 4 weeks of follow-up (group 1). In the next 3498 subjects, safety and reactogenicify were entirely unsolicited for this 4-week period (group 2). Immunogenicity was analyzed by means of prebooster and postbooster serum antibody titers for all vaccine components in a random subgroup of 197 @entity1 from group 1. RESULTS: Soliciting symptoms elicited reports of at least one symptom in 1314 of 1809 @entity1 in group 1 (72.6%), including 993 (54.9%) with local and 885 (48.9%) with general symptoms during the first 4 days after vaccination. When symptoms were gathered in an unsolicited fashion, only 580 of 3498 @entity1 in group 2 (16.6%) had a reported symptom during this time, consisting of 344 (9.8%) local and 319 (9.1%) general symptoms, respectively. An unsolicited symptom, areactive @entity4 of the whole thigh, occurred in 62 @entity1 (1.1%), with 45 and 17 reports in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The vast majority of all reported symptoms were mild to moderate, and all @entity1 recovered without sequelae. Fourteen serious adverse events were reported, but none was considered to be related to the vaccination. Immunogenicity analysis showed a vaccine response to pertussis toxin in 99.5% of subjects, to filamentous hemagglutinin in 98.5%, and to pertactin (69 kd outer membrane protein) in 99%. All subjects had postvaccination antibody titers of 0.1 IU/ml or greater against diphtheria and @entity116 toxoids.

title: Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a combined diphtheria, XXXX , and tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine at fourteen to twenty-eight months of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous swelling']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome with respect to local control, survival, and complications in a cohort of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 treated with hypofractionated radiation and hyperbaric @entity26 at 4 atmospheres of pressure (HBO-4). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between January 1970 and August 1982, 45 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 were treated with primary radiation using a unique hypofractionated schedule of 2 fractions of 11 Gy separated by 21 days, with concomitant HBO-4 during each radiotherapy session. To avoid @entity410 , discomfort and other complications of HBO-4, each session was performed under general anesthesia. All @entity1 had pathologically confirmed @entity957 of the glottic (23) or supraglottic larynx (22) and were staged as follows: T2-5, T3-24, T-4-16; N0-26, @entity45896 , N2-13, N3-1. @entity1 were treated with opposed lateral wedged fields of 4-6 MV photons, with a median field size of 5.5 x 9.75 to a total median dose of 22.5 Gy. RESULTS: As of February 1998, follow-up was complete on all but one @entity1 , who relocated to another country after 8 years. Complete clinical responses were observed in 39 (87%) of the cases. The 10-year local control rate for all 45 @entity1 was 58%, and local control for the complete responders was 69%. Three @entity1 underwent laryngectomy for complications and were found to have no pathological evidence of disease in the laryngectomy specimen. The 10-year survival of the overall population was 27%. The 10-year voice preservation rate for the the 39 complete responders was 55%. Acute mucosal and skin reactions were modest and acceptable. Significant late complications occurred in 14 @entity1 consisting of severe @entity82 , @entity39 , pharyngeal fistula, with 3 @entity1 requiring laryngectomy for complications. The actuarial rate of severe complications at 5 years was 42%. CONCLUSIONS: The response rate and long-term @entity5 control rate obtained with this treatment program were comparable to more protracted radiation schedules with or without systemic chemotherapy. The complication rate was high resulting in an adverse therapeutic ratio. The radiobiologic interpretation of this clinical data, and implications for @entity519 directed therapy, are discussed.

title: @entity189 treated with hypofractionated radiation and hyperbaric @entity26 : long-term XXXX control and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the larynx']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The authors studied the effect of corticosteroid treatment on clinical recovery and recovery of vestibular function in @entity1 with @entity388 . The comprehensive search (March 29, 2012) yielded 496 original papers, of which 5 (including 199 @entity1 ) during full-text screening satisfied our eligibility criteria. Methods assessment showed that 1 study (30 @entity1 ) provided direct evidence and carried low risk of bias. Two studies properly reported on their random and concealed allocation of treatment. In 1 study, @entity1 were not randomly allocated to treatment. Blinding of outcomes was lacking in 2 studies, whereas outcome data were clearly incomplete for 2 studies. Given the wide variety in outcome measures and scales and follow-up duration, the meaning of the size of reported effects is not clear. Therefore, the reported effects cannot simply be compared between studies, and this precludes pooling of study results. Still, there are large differences between studies in the size of the reported absolute effects after the placebo treatment. Moreover, the difference in effects between treatments is rather small and does not always favor corticosteroids. The moderate to high risk of bias of studies precludes firm conclusions, whereas the reported short-term effects on symptom recovery and improvement of peripheral vestibular function are too small to be clinically important. No long-term effect on symptom recovery has been shown. Recommendations or decisions for corticosteroid treatment in @entity1 with @entity388 cannot be based on current best evidence and therefore should be discussed with the @entity1 .

title: Insufficient evidence for the effect of corticosteroid treatment on recovery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuritis']

answer: @entity388 :: (MESH:D020338,Disease) :: ['vestibular neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Levamisole has recently been implicated as a cause of cutaneous @entity455 in @entity2072 abusers. The objective of this study was to describe this relatively new entity by reviewing published cases identified through a literature search. METHODS: Published reports identified through a search of PubMed database (from 1964 to November 2011) were reviewed to record clinical, serological and pathologic findings. RESULTS: A cohort of 32 @entity1 had a mean age of 44    9 years with a female predominance (75%). @entity1910 predominately affected lower extremities (87.5%), followed by face (78%) and ears (69%) and typically presented as @entity4125 , which were seen in a retiform pattern in 16 (50%) and had central @entity39 in 11 @entity1 (34%). @entity1431 and @entity1398 were found in 20 patients (63%). Antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 30 @entity1 (94%); p-ANCA in 28 @entity1 (87.5%), @entity7134 in 19 (59%) and both in 17 @entity1 (53%). Skin biopsy results were available for 29 @entity1 : 14 (48%) had pure @entity715 , 4 (14%) had @entity10763 and 11 (38%) had evidence of both. Treatment information was available for 30 @entity1 . Only supportive care was given to 11 @entity1 (37%), @entity230 to 16 (53%) and surgical treatment for 5 (17%). Clinical course of lesions was available for 24 @entity1 . @entity1910 resolved in 11 @entity1 (46%) and improved in 13 (54%). During median follow-up of 21 days (range, 7-270 days), 10 of 22 @entity1 had recurrences related to @entity2072 use. CONCLUSION: Levamisole-induced cutaneous @entity455 in @entity2072 users is characterized by a female predominance, a retiform @entity1910 with a predilection for lower extremities, autoantibody production, @entity1431 and/or @entity1398 and recurrences with future @entity2072 use.

title: Cutaneous @entity455 and XXXX associated with levamisole-adulterated @entity2072 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric rash', 'Rash']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['pure small vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric plaques']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic vasculopathy']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the histologic classification of @entity9075 has been confusing and controversial, an agreement on the universal classification system for @entity9075 was achieved by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999. The authors previously reported that the WHO histologic classification system reflects invasiveness and immunologic function of @entity9075 . In this subsequent study, they examined the prognostic significance of this classification system. METHODS: Clinical features as well as postoperative survival of @entity1 with @entity704 , but not @entity704 , were examined with reference to WHO histologic classification based on an experience with 273 @entity1 over a 44-year period. RESULTS: There were 18 type A @entity5 , 77 type AB @entity5 , 55 type B1 @entity5 , 97 type B2 @entity5 , and 26 type B3 @entity5 . In @entity1 with type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3 @entity5 , the respective proportions of invasive @entity5 were 11.1%, 41.6%, 47.3%, 69.1%, and 84.6%; the respective proportions of @entity5 with involvement of the great vessels were 0%, 3.9%, 7.3%, 17.5%, and 19.2%; and the respective 20-year survival rates were 100%, 87%, 91%, 59%, and 36%. According to the Masaoka staging system, the 20-year survival rates were 89%, 91%, 49%, 0%, and 0% in @entity1 with Stage I, II, III, IVa, and @entity66 , respectively. By multivariate analysis, the Masaoka staging system and the WHO histologic classification system were significant independent prognostic factors, whereas age, gender, association with @entity1737 , completeness of resection, or involvement of the great vessels were not significant independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that histologic appearance reflects the oncologic behavior of @entity704 when the WHO classification system is adopted. The WHO classification system may be helpful in clinical practice for the assessment and treatment of @entity1 with @entity704 .

title: The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of XXXX : a clinical study of 273 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IVb disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: @entity2950 is a common cause of @entity158 from disorganized proliferation of nerve fascicles occurring after limb amputation. Ultrasound guided @entity167 injection in painful @entity2950 has been tried as a new treatment approach. Herein, we report 2 male @entity1 , who had traumatic amputation and claimed severe and @entity158 in the stump area. @entity2950 at the distal end of an amputated nerve was clearly identified on sonography. The @entity1 gradually developed increasing severe @entity158 that could not be managed with conservative care. They were treated with neurolysis using @entity167 solution. Using ultrasonographical guidance, 1.2 ml of 100% dehydrated @entity167 was injected into the nerves proximal to @entity2950 . No complications occurred. The @entity1 were @entity158 free. After a few months, however, their @entity158 recurred slightly. Repeat neurolysis was performed using 0.3 ml of 100% dehydrated @entity167 . During the three months follow-up period, mild @entity158 occurred but the @entity1 did not require any analgesics.

title: Sonographically guided @entity167 injection in painful XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ['Stump neuroma', 'neuroma', 'stump neuroma', 'Neuroma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse burning pain', 'initially pain', 'stump pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2950 :: (MESH:D009463,Disease) :: ['stump neuroma']


abstract: Exposure to local pollen allergens has a direct bearing on the prevalence of @entity56 among the inhabiting atopic population. The populations in the Himalayas and around it are exposed to a variety of pollen grains from trees growing in the region, but the pollen-population interaction has not been clinically investigated. Himalayan tree pollen from five different taxa, i.e. Alnus nitida (AN), Betula utilis (BU), @entity51035 (CD), Mallotus phillipensis (MP) and Quercus incana (QI) were evaluated for their allergenicity in the Indian population by in vivo (skin prick test) and in vitro (ELISA) clinico-immunological methods. The presence of specific IgE against these tree pollen in the sera of skin test positive @entity1 was taken as evidence for sensitization to these pollen. The average skin positivity in atopic populations recorded at different @entity566 in India varied from 2.2% against AN, to 4.7% against MP pollen. Significantly raised specific IgE against these pollen were observed in the sera of hypersensitive @entity1 . The sensitization pattern to Himalayan tree pollen in these atopic populations varied. It was concluded that skin prick test positivity and raised IgE antibodies specific to AN, BU, CD, MP and QI established Himalayan tree pollen as important sensitizers in the atopic populations of India. A high incidence of skin sensitivity was observed to pollen antigens of @entity51035 , Mallotus phillipensis and Quercus incana in @entity1 of Chandigarh residing in the hills and foothills of the Himalayas while Alnus nitida, Betula utilis and @entity51035 were important sensitizers in Delhi @entity1 . The skin sensitization pattern against these pollen was in accordance with the level of exposure to these pollen of the subjects residing in that part of the country.

title: Clinico-immunologic evaluation of XXXX to Himalayan tree pollen in atopic subjects in India--a new record.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy centers']

entities_list: @entity51035 :: ('3322', 'Species') :: ['Cedrus deodara']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: The adrenergic regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and @entity413 metabolism was investigated in situ during a standardized mental stress test in 11 nonobese, healthy subjects, using microdialysis of the extracellular water space in sc adipose tissue. Microdialysis probes were inserted in the abdominal sc fat, and were perfused using solvents with or without adrenoceptor blocking agents. The tissue dialysate concentrations of @entity653 (lipolysis index) @entity413 , @entity880 , and @entity2388 were determined. The @entity653 concentration in adipose tissue increased markedly during the stress test and decreased in the poststress period. A similar kinetic pattern was observed in blood. In situ administration of the nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent @entity1169 almost completely prevented the stress-induced increase in adipose tissue @entity653 levels, whereas a nonselective alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent ( @entity5521 ) was ineffective in this respect. Plasma levels of @entity413 and @entity880 remained unaltered during and after the stress test; at the same time plasma @entity2388 decreased moderately. By contrast, @entity413 , @entity880 , and @entity2388 in adipose tissue increased by 25-30% during or after the stress (P < 0.05). The increase in @entity880 and @entity2388 in adipose tissue after the stress was completely off-set by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade in situ, whereas beta-adrenoceptor blockade in situ did not influence the kinetic pattern of these metabolites. It is concluded that the lipolytic activity in @entity1 adipose tissue is markedly enhanced during mental stress, owing to adrenergic mechanisms that are mediated via beta-adrenoceptors. After mental stress, adipose tissue @entity413 utilization is decreased and routed toward nonoxidative pathways. The latter seems to involve adrenergic effects that are mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors.

title: Adrenergic regulation of XXXX adipose tissue metabolism in situ during mental stress.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of subcutaneous @entity134 injection in the treatment of @entity14938 . DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity14938 presenting to the out- @entity1 clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Prince of Wales Hospital from January to June 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Size of the @entity14938 after @entity134 injection treatment. RESULTS: Forty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity14938 were treated with injection of @entity2713 into the subcutaneous tissue around the lesion. In 43 (89.6%) @entity1 , the lesion subsided completely. Twenty-six (54.2%) @entity1 had lesions that subsided with one injection. The size and duration of the @entity14938 at presentation did not significantly affect the outcome of the treatment. Two @entity1 developed depigmentation of the skin at the site of injection. No other major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of the @entity134 @entity2995 appears to be a simple and effective treatment for @entity14938 . Further comparative clinical trials are indicated.

title: Subcutaneous XXXX injection as treatment for @entity14938 : prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the mean age at natural menopause, primary initial motives for consultation, symptoms and factors related to a more severe symptom profile using the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) in a nationwide sample of middle-aged @entity1 in gynecological clinics in Mexico. METHODS: A total of 4548 @entity1 , 40-59 years old were surveyed in gynecological clinics throughout all regions in Mexico. RESULTS: The mean age at natural menopause was 47.9    3.82 years. The primary initial motive for consultation was a preventive examination (40.3%). Significant differences (p values by ANOVA) were observed for the mean total and subscale @entity1168 scores, with the exception of urogenital symptoms, between @entity1 in the sub-samples from different Mexican regions. The highest mean @entity1168 total scores were observed for @entity1 living in the South (9.08    8.20) and the Center-East (8.55    6.74) regions. The national mean @entity1168 total score was 8.19    6.82. An @entity1168 total score >=  17, which is considered severe, was observed for 5.2% of @entity1 with a regular cycle, 10.5% with more than 7 days of irregularity, 22.6% with more than two absent cycles, 13.1% that had undergone natural menopause, 16% with a hysterectomy, and 21.2% with a bilateral oophorectomy. The five most frequently reported symptoms were: physical and mental exhaustion (61%), @entity146 (54.2%), @entity308 mood (54.2%), sleeping problems (53.3%), joint and muscular discomfort (52.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the prevalence and severity of @entity1168 symptoms were observed for @entity1 from different Mexican regions. @entity1168 symptoms were more frequent and severe in @entity1 who had undergone a bilateral oophorectomy or with more than two absent cycles.

title: Age at menopause, motives for consultation and symptoms reported by 40-59-year-old Mexican XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'Menopause Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptor) superfamily represents the largest protein family in the @entity1 genome. These receptors respond to various physiological ligands such as photons, odors, pheromones, hormones, ions, and small molecules including @entity4478 , @entity1522 to large peptides and @entity230 . Thus, GPCRs are involved in many diseases and the target of around half of all conventional drugs. The physiological roles of free @entity1718 (FFAs), in particular, long-chain FFAs, are important for the development of many @entity209 including @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity731 . In the past half decade, deorphanization of several GPCRs has revealed that @entity34236 , @entity47088 , @entity22982 , @entity47089 and @entity34235 sense concentration of extracellular FFAs with various @entity505 chain lengths. @entity34236 and @entity34235 are activated by medium- and long-chain FFAs. @entity47089 is activated by medium- chain, but not long-chain, FFAs. @entity47088 and @entity22982 are activated by short-chain FFAs. @entity34236 is highly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and plays a crucial role in FFAs-induced insulin secretion. @entity34235 is mainly expressed in enteroendocrine cells and plays an important role for FFAs-induced glucagon-like peptide-1. @entity22982 is abundant in leukocytes and adipose tissue, whilst @entity47088 is highly expressed in adipose tissue, the pancreas and leukocytes. @entity47089 is expressed in leukocytes and monocyte/macrophage. This review aims to shed light on the physiological roles and development of drugs targeting these receptors.

title: Free XXXX -sensing G protein-coupled receptors in drug targeting and therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a malignancy of the terminally-differentiated B cells and accounts for 10% of all @entity1583 . Chromosome 1 aberrations are frequently described, the short arm being preferentially involved in deletions and the long arm in gains. The abnormalities were identified in the bone marrow of 37 @entity1582 @entity1 by conventional cytogenetics. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the presence of the abnormalities and to better characterize them. @entity2008 were grouped into 4 categories: balanced translocations, deletions, amplifications and jumping translocations (JT). Breakpoints involved in balanced translocations were randomly distributed. The smallest region of overlap for deletions was 1p11 --> 1p21 (present in 27% of the @entity1 ) and for gains 1q31 --> 1qter (present in 54% of the @entity1 ). The whole long arm was found to be the donor segment for the majority of @entity1 with JT, the most frequent recipients being chromosomes 16 and 19. Our results share some similarities with those obtained for 143 published @entity1 studied by FISH. Band 1p21 was found to be frequently deleted, leading to the assumption that a 1p deletion could lead to hemizygosity of at least 1 @entity5 suppressor gene. Two regions of 1q showed preferential gains: q12 to q22 and q31 to q42; these amplifications could induce the overexpression of 1 or more oncogenes. In conclusion, our results confirm that chromosome 1 abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1582 .

title: Chromosome 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome 1 abnormalities']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['abnormalities in multiple myeloma']


abstract: Two self-sterile mutations that define the spermatogenesis-defective gene @entity48802 have been analyzed. These mutations affect @entity47758 and fail to complement each other for both @entity47758 and spermatogenesis defects. Both of these mutations are deficiencies (hcDf1 and hDf13) that affect more than one transcription unit. Genomic DNA adjacent to and including the region deleted by the smaller deficiency (hcDf1) has been sequenced and four mRNAs (including @entity47758 ) have been localized to this sequenced region. The three non @entity47758 mRNAs are shown to be sex-specific: a 1.2-kb mRNA that can be detected in sperm-free hermaphrodites and 1.2- and 0.56-kb mRNAs found in males. hDf13 deletes at least 55 kb of chromosome IV, including all of @entity47758 , both male-specific mRNAs and at least part of the female-specific mRNA. hcDf1, which is approximately 15.6 kb, deletes only the 5' end of @entity47758 and the gene that encodes the 0.56-kb male-specific mRNA. The common defect that apparently accounts for the defective sperm in hcDf1 and hDf13 homozygotes is deletion of the @entity48802 gene, which encodes the 0.56-kb mRNA. Strains carrying two copies of either deletion are self-fertile when they are transgenic for any of four extrachromosomal array that include @entity48802 . We have sequenced two @entity48802 cDNAs, and the deduced 142 @entity535 protein sequence is highly charged and rich in @entity563 and @entity1889 , but shows no significant homology to any previously determined protein sequence.

title: Genetic and molecular characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis-defective gene XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity48802 :: (178136(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['spe-17']


abstract: Between 1961 and 1991, 23 @entity1 (eight @entity1 and 15 @entity1 , with a mean age of 50 (range 25-72) years) with @entity299 were managed at the Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. Symptoms of @entity339 were present in 13 @entity1 and of systemic @entity887 in nine. In the @entity1 , 21 @entity3291 were confined to the left atrium. In the other two @entity1 , one @entity3291 was confined to the right atrium and the other was a dumb-bell-shaped @entity3291 . Most @entity5 were diagnosed with echocardiography. Removal was achieved via a median sternotomy and by entering the involved chamber. Those @entity3291 presenting with systemic @entity887 were always soft and friable, whereas those with obstructive symptoms were large and of variable consistency. There was one operative death early in the series. The 22 surviving @entity1 have been assessed as functional class I of the New York Heart Association at follow-up, ranging from 2 months to 23 years (mean 9 years). There were no episodes of @entity5 recurrence. Excellent short, intermediate and long-term results can be achieved by excision of @entity299 .

title: Clinicopathological correlates of XXXX : a 30-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['myxomas', 'biatrial myxoma', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We compared single incision laparoscopic surgery with flexible endoscope ("flexible SILS") and with rigid optic ("rigid SILS") for access to 11 elective sites of peritoneal @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Back-to-back flexible and rigid SILS peritoneoscopy were performed in ten live @entity1707 . SILS peritoneoscopy was performed using a flexible endoscope or a rigid optic, in random order, together with two rigid 5-mm laparoscopic forceps. Primary endpoint was access success rate to 11 elective sites of peritoneal @entity189 . Findings for the most favorable option were then assessed in four @entity1 cadavers. RESULTS: In the porcine model, the overall rate of access to targets was 98% with flexible SILS and 87% with rigid SILS (p < 0.001). Both flexible and rigid SILS allowed a 100% access rate to diaphragmatic domes, paracolic gutters, splenic and hepatic hilum, pelvic floor, and trigonal bladder. The rates of access to other sites by flexible versus rigid SILS, respectively, were: root of the mesentery (90 vs. 50%), origin of the inferior mesenteric vein (90 vs. 50%), inferior vena cava (100 vs. 90%), and cul-de-sac of Douglas (100 vs. 50%). No complications were observed. Procedures were performed in mean time of 26 and 24 min, respectively. These findings were confirmed for flexible SILS in four @entity1 cadavers. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible SILS is superior to rigid SILS to evaluate the peritoneal cavity in a timely manner. This suggests a need for flexible instrumentation or other technical solutions to perform thorough minimally invasive surgical evaluation of peritoneal @entity189 .

title: Flexible versus rigid single-port peritoneoscopy: a randomized controlled trial in a live porcine model followed by initial experience in XXXX cadavers.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The study objective was to determine the diagnostic value of physical examinations for positive computer tomography (CT) scans in @entity1 with mild @entity542 . Retrospective data of @entity1 evaluated for mild @entity542 with @entity909 ( @entity909 ) or @entity2730 were reviewed. Estimations of prevalence, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated. Agreement between the physical examinations and CT brain scans was calculated using the Kappa test. 225 @entity1 were included in the study. Of this group, 19.56% of @entity1 had positive CT scans and 7.56% had normal physical examinations. 15 underwent neurosurgical intervention. For positive CT scans, sensitivity and specificity were 61.36% and 60.22%, respectively. Agreement between physical examinations and CT scans was Kappa = 0.147 (P < 0.05), 95% CI (0.035, 0.259). The present study demonstrated that physical examinations were significantly associated with positive CT scans (P = 0.01). However, the calculated Kappa value showed only slight agreement between these 2 variables and the low sensitivity and specificity of the physical examinations suggest that intracranial pathology in @entity1 with mild @entity542 and @entity909 or @entity2730 cannot be excluded based on physical examinations alone.

title: Mild XXXX : the diagnostic value of physical examinations compared with computed tomographic scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness', 'LOC']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['paediatric head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between initiating therapy with an antipsychotic medication and a subsequent new diagnosis of a drug-induced @entity717 other than @entity304 in older adults with @entity303 . DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based cohort study. SETTING: Ontario, Canada. @entity1 : Ontario residents aged 66 and older with a diagnosis of @entity303 newly started on treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotic therapy. MEASUREMENT: Estimated relative risk of developing a drug-induced movement other than @entity304 in the 1-year follow-up period after starting therapy with an antipsychotic medication. RESULTS: From April 1, 1997, to March 31, 2001, 21, 835 older adults with @entity303 who were newly started on antipsychotic medications were identified. Nine thousand seven hundred ninety subjects were started on atypical antipsychotics and 12,045 subjects started on typical antipsychotics. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. There were 5.24 cases of @entity910 ( @entity910 ) or other drug-induced @entity717 per 100 @entity1 -years on therapy with a typical antipsychotic and 5.19 cases per 100 @entity1 -years on therapy with an atypical antipsychotic. The risk of developing drug-induced @entity717 while being treated with an atypical agent was not statistically different from that with a typical antipsychotic (relative risk=0.99, 95% confidence interval=0.86-1.15; P<.93). CONCLUSION: Older adults with @entity303 who are treated with typical or atypical antipsychotic therapy are at risk for developing @entity910 and other drug-induced @entity717 .

title: Antipsychotic medications and drug-induced @entity717 other than XXXX : a population-based cohort study in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'movement disorders']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a very long history. Rosa roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum cymosum are two examples of plants which are reputed to have benefits in improving immune responses, enhancing digestive ability and demonstrating anti-aging effects. Some evidence indicates that herbal medicine soups containing extracts from the two in combination have efficacy in treating @entity5 . However, the underlying mechanisms are far from well understood. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate anticancer effects and explore molecular mechanisms in vitro. METHODS: Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed with three @entity189 cell lines ( @entity1 esophageal @entity957 CaEs-17, @entity1 @entity356 SGC-7901 and @entity2 A549) by @entity98 assay and flow cytometry, respectively, after exposure to extract from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (CL) and extract from Fagopyrum cymosum (FR). IC30 of CL and FR were obtained by @entity98 assay. @entity5 cells were divided into four groups: control with no exposure to CL or FR; CL with IC30 CL; FR with IC30 FR; CL+FR group with 1/2 (IC30 CL+IC30 FR). RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, @entity589 and @entity588 at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: Compared with the CL or FR groups, the combination of CL+FR showed significant inhibition of cell growth and increase in apoptosis; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ki-67 and @entity588 in CL+FR group were all greatly decreased, while the expression of @entity589 was markedly increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the synergistic antitumor effects of combination of CL and FR are related to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX growth in vitro by a combination of extracts from Rosa roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum cymosum.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if the knowledge and awareness of "ventilator bundle" helped in the prevention of ventilator associated @entity55 and other outcome variables in the @entity1 admitted to our AICU. DESIGN: A retrospective obsevational study from a pospectively collected data. @entity1 : All the adult medical and surgical @entity1 who were intubated and ventilated in our AICU from January to September in the year 2005 and 2006 were included in the study. During the period of October to December 2005 the critical care nurses and the staff were educated and made aware about the problem of VAP and the use of vrntilator bundle in helping to prevent this nososcomial infection. @entity1 who expired within 24 hrs of admission, who were transferred to tertiary care unit within 48hrs, and those who were diagnosed with @entity1151 or had @entity360 prior to admission were excluded from this study. INTERVENTION: The concept of " ventilator bundle' was introduced after educating the nursing staff, respiratory therapists and the medical personnel through group discussions and presentations in the infection control and staff development symposia. "Ventilator bundle "is a package of evidence -based interventions that include: (1) Elevation of @entity1 's head of bed to 30- 45 degrees; (2) Daily sedation vacation and daily assessment of readiness to extubation; (3) Peptic ulcer prophylaxis; (4) @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) prophylaxis. MEASUREMENT: Demographic data was collected from the computer database. VAP was diagnosed when it met the (clinical non-invasive) diagnostic criteria. Incidence of VAP was calculated in the medical and surgical @entity1 separately. RESULTS: Introducing the concept of "ventilator bundle" significantly reduced the incidence of VAP by 24.2% in the surgical @entity1 and by 12% in the medical group. It significantly reduced the incidence of @entity360 . The mean age of @entity1 who developed VAP in 2006 was significantly higher in both the medical and the surgical groups. The length of stay decreased significantly in the surgical group, while it increased in the medical group. The mean duration of ventilation was reduced by 29.1% in the medical group and by 55.12% in the surgical group in those @entity1 who developed VAP. In @entity1 who did not develop VAP, the decrease of 9.9% in the mean duration of ventilation was seen in the surgical group while the mean duration of ventilation increased by 14.2% in the medical group. CONCLUSIONS: Introducing the concept of "ventilator bundle" helped us to reduce the incidence of VAP, reduce the incidence of @entity360 . It reduced the mean duration of ventilation in both the medical and surgical @entity1 who developed VAP. The effect on decreasing the length of stay was seen in the surgical @entity1 only.

title: Use of ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['DVT', 'Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleed', 'gastrointestinal bleed']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lesion enhancement on the conspicuity of @entity99 in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven VX2 @entity99 in five @entity95 were imaged. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT was performed at a single level centered over the lesions at 5-sec intervals for 119 sec after injection of 2 ml/kg i.v. contrast material at 2 ml/sec. Attenuation was measured over time within regions of interest in the @entity5 and normal liver, aorta, inferior vena cava, and portal vein. Lesion conspicuity, defined as the difference between the attenuation of the uninvolved liver and @entity5 , was calculated. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the @entity5 on CT was 10 mm (range, 6-15 mm). The @entity5 appeared as @entity258 with progressive enhancement during the arterial phase and early portal phase. Peak mean lesion attenuation was 60 +/- 27 H (enhancement, 23 H) at 64 sec. Peak mean lesion conspicuity was 80 +/- 18 H at 39 sec, occurring 10 sec before the peak mean hepatic attenuation of 135 +/- 15 H (enhancement, 67 H) at 49 sec. @entity75 conspicuity paralleled relative enhancement of the liver throughout the imaging period. CONCLUSION: Although low-level @entity5 enhancement during the arterial phase and early portal phase reduced the conspicuity of small @entity5 in this animal model, our results support the use of maximum liver enhancement as a marker for peak lesion conspicuity.

title: 1999 ARRS Executive Council Award. Contrast-enhanced CT of @entity99 : effect of lesion enhancement on conspicuity in XXXX . American Roentgen Ray Society.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'hypovascular tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Relative lesion']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-attenuation lesions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'small hypovascular hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The operative management of mangled extremities after @entity130 remains controversial. We have sought to develop an evidence-based algorithm to help guide practitioners when faced with these relatively infrequent but very challenging clinical dilemmas. METHODS: The Western @entity130 Association Critical Decisions Committee queried the literature to identify high-quality managements that would help guide the care of mangled extremities. When good data were not available, the Committee relied on expert opinions, either from the literature or from our senior members. RESULTS: Virtually, all the scoring systems used to guide therapy have not been proven to be valid. Hemodynamically unstable @entity1 who failed to respond to initial resuscitation should be taken to the operating room for exploration and vascular control. Those who are stable should undergo a stepwise vascular and neurologic evaluation process. A comprehensive evaluation of factors that may help predict the appropriateness of limb salvage should be done in the operating room. @entity1 who are not candidates for salvage should undergo primary amputation. Those who are should undergo attempts at limb salvage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with mangled extremities remain a significant management challenge. This algorithm represents a guideline based on the best evidence available in the literature and expert opinion. It does not establish a standard of care. It should provide a framework for treating physicians and other healthcare professionals to guide therapy, considering individual @entity1 ' clinical status and institutional resources.

title: Western XXXX Association critical decisions in @entity130 : management of the mangled extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: We examined the effect of @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) administration on the level of @entity616 produced by intrathecal @entity3303 in @entity1 undergoing transurethral procedures. Twenty minutes after subarachnoid injection of 100 mg (5%) hyperbaric @entity3303 , the level of block to pressure sensation was assessed. After establishing the baseline @entity616 , @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either 50% @entity1568 (control group) or 50% @entity3727 in @entity26 for 10 min, and the sensory level was reassessed. All @entity1 then received 35% @entity26 for 5 min, and the level of block to pressure was assessed again. Changes were measured in centimeters and standardized by dividing those results by the height of @entity1 (in centimeters). Ten minutes after @entity1568 or @entity3727 administration, a 3.8-cm regression of @entity616 was found in the control group, and a 1.8-cm cephalad increase was found in the treatment group (P < 0.0001). Discontinuation of @entity3727 for 5 min resulted in a rapid regression of the level of @entity616 (4 cm in the @entity3727 group versus 1.9 cm in the control group, P < 0.0001). However, 5 min after discontinuation of @entity3727 , the overall regression of the @entity616 in the control group, when measured from the baseline, was 5.7 cm versus 2.2 cm in the @entity3727 group (P < 0.001). The differences between the two groups before standardization are consistent with those after standardization (t = 9.02 at 10 min, t = 4.24 at 15 min, and t = 3.97 for the overall change at 15 min). The results suggest that inhalation of 50% @entity3727 enhances the level of @entity616 produced by intrathecal @entity3303 . IMPLICATIONS: We measured the level of @entity616 produced by @entity510 with @entity3303 before and after inhalation of 50% @entity3810 for 10 min. @entity3810 enhanced the level of @entity510 with minimal hemodynamic effects. These findings are of clinical importance when @entity510 subsides before the completion of surgery.

title: XXXX enhances the level of @entity616 produced by intrathecal @entity3303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous oxide']


abstract: @entity4944 ( @entity860 ) administered in high doses suppresses feeding. However, in low doses @entity860 has been shown to both suppress and facilitate feeding. Further, there is some indication of individual differences in the feeding response to low doses of @entity860 . Evidence indicates that @entity860 's effects on feeding are @entity935 -mediated and that the nucleus accumbens (Acb) may be an important site of action. Of interest here is the fact that @entity13216 terminals exist within the Acb and @entity13216 modulates DA activity. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of intra-Acb @entity13216 administration as a function of individual differences in the feeding response to a low dose of systemic @entity860 . Results indicate that response to @entity860 was baseline dependent. @entity860 stimulated feeding in low baseline feeders and suppressed feeding in high baseline feeders. Intra-Acb @entity13216 blocked the @entity860 -induced increase in feeding but not the @entity860 -induced @entity448 . In experiment 2, the effects of intra-Acb @entity13216 administration on baseline feeding were assessed. Intra-Acb @entity13216 suppressed baseline feeding, but only when there was a high level of intake. It is speculated that Acb-DAergic activity may play a role in the observed feeding effects of both @entity860 and @entity13216 .

title: Facilitation and inhibition of feeding by a single dose of XXXX : relationship to baseline intake and accumbens cholecystokinin.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: This article is to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of aorto-femoral graft @entity281 . The records of 20 @entity1 with aorto-femoral graft @entity281 were reviewed. The @entity1 were submitted mostly to a combination of surgical procedures. They were: a) conservative treatment; b) partial removal of the infected graft and c) total removal of the infected graft. The removal of the prosthesis, partial or total, was followed by a new arterial reconstruction in some @entity1 . The final treatment was: total removal of the infected graft in 11 (55%) @entity1 , total removal plus arterial reconstruction in six, partial removal in two and partial removal plus arterial reconstruction in one. The results of treatment were presented as the survival rate and the effective palliation ( @entity1 alive, lower limbs preserved and infection cured). The survival rates after one month, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months were respectively: 80%, 60%, 53%, 42% and 27%. The effective palliation rates after one month and after 48 months were respectively 50% and 27%. The highest effective palliation rate was obtained when the infected prosthesis was removed and a new arterial reconstruction performed. We conclude that the treatment of choice of aorto-femoral graft @entity281 seems to be the total removal of the graft followed by new arterial reconstruction.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX involving arterial prosthesis in aorto-femoral position].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The short-term linear growth rate of the lower leg in toddlers was measured and evaluated in order to study the possible effect of inhaled @entity4184 on this factor in toddlers with mild recurrent wheezing. The short-term linear growth rate of the lower leg was measured weekly using a hand-held knemometer. Eighteen toddlers aged 13-36 months (mean 27 months) with a history of recurrent wheezing requiring inhaled topical @entity230 , but without need of regular medication during the months prior to the study, were studied. The @entity1 were randomized blindly through three consecutive treatment periods of four weeks with placebo or @entity4184 in daily doses of 200 micrograms and 800 micrograms administered as a pressurized aerosol inhaled via a spacer with a face mask. Twenty-nine percent (median) of the nominal dose was delivered at the mouth of the @entity1 . Three @entity1 were withdrawn because of exacerbations and one because of non-compliance. The precision of the measurement procedure was 51 microns/day. The mean growth rate during placebo, low-dose and high-dose @entity134 treatment was 92 microns/day, 114 microns/day and 46 microns/day respectively. The growth rate during the high-dose treatment was suppressed significantly compared to placebo treatment (95% CI -76 microns/day to -17 microns/day), whereas the growth rate during low-dose @entity134 treatment was indistinguishable from placebo treatment (95% CI -7 to +52 microns/day). In conclusion, measurement of short-term linear growth rate by knemometry in toddlers is a fast and gentle method with a high level of precision.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Systemic activity of inhaled topical XXXX in toddlers studied by knemometry.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: In @entity14978 , the cortical somatosensory representation of the fingers is abnormal, with overlapping receptive fields and reduced interdigit separation. These abnormalities are associated with @entity51 , as previously demonstrated by applying tactile stimuli to one finger at a time. What is still unknown is whether the sensory deficits can be observed when tactile perception involves more than one finger. To address this issue, we applied ' @entity10582 ' to 15 @entity1 with @entity14978 , 15 @entity1 with @entity3519 not affecting the hand ( @entity9663 and cervical @entity3519 ) and 15 healthy control subjects. In this illusion, one object touching the contact point of two crossed fingertips is perceived as two objects by a blindfolded subject. The same object placed between two parallel fingertips is correctly perceived as one. The illusory doubling sensation is because of the fact that the contact point between the crossed fingers consists of non-adjacent and functionally unrelated skin regions, which usually send sensory signals to separate spots in the somatosensory cortex. In our study, @entity1 were touched by one sphere between the second-third digits, the second-fourth digits and the fourth-fifth digits of both hands, either in crossed or in parallel position, and had to refer whether they felt one or two stimuli. The percentage of 'two stimuli' responses was an index of the illusory doubling. Both healthy control subjects and @entity3520 @entity1 presented @entity10582 when the fingers were crossed. However, @entity1 with @entity14978 presented a significant reduction of the illusion when the sphere was placed between the crossed fourth and fifth digits of the affected hand. This reduction correlated with the severity of @entity66 at the fingers. Similar findings were not observed in non-hand @entity3519 and control groups. The reduction of @entity10582 in non-affected fingers and its preservation in affected fingers suggests dissociation between the abnormal processing of sensory signals and the @entity73 . Based on previous evidence showing that the sensory signals coming from the fourth digit determine lower activation in the somatosensory cortex than those coming from the fifth digit, we suggest that in the crossed position, the tactile information conveyed by the fifth digit prevailed over the fourth digit, thus resulting in the perception of one stimulus. The reduction of the illusory doubling perception, therefore, may represent the functional correlate of the different level of activation between the fourth and the fifth digit in the somatosensory cortex.

title: XXXX reveals interdigit functional somatosensory alterations in @entity14978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor disease']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ["Aristotle's illusion"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in sensory perception']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity10582 :: (MESH:D007088,Disease) :: ['Aristotle's illusion']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity2876 by metastatic @entity356 underwent retrospective study to determine demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings on presentation, time interval from previous gastrectomy, level of @entity253 , methods of palliation, complications from treatment, treatment results, and survival. Thirty-seven @entity1 underwent biliary decompression by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (35 @entity1 ), endoscopic insertion of plastic stent (one @entity1 ), and operative insertion of T tube (1 @entity1 ). The remaining 4 @entity1 had no biliary drainage procedure performed. Subsequently expandable metallic biliary stents were inserted in 9 @entity1 through the PTBD tract. Two @entity1 received postdrainage external irradiation. Reduction in serum total @entity648 was seen in all @entity1 after drainage. Two @entity1 were alive at the time of this analysis. The median survival of these 41 @entity1 was only 70 days. The 6- and 9-month survival rates were 27.0% and 9.7%, respectively. Hemoglobin (p < 0.001) and total @entity648 (p < 0.002) on presentation were found to be independent factors predicting survival. @entity2876 by metastatic @entity356 was associated with poor survival. @entity1 with profound @entity417 or @entity1087 on presentation carried the worst prognosis.

title: XXXX by metastatic @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction', 'Extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['Extrahepatic biliary obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with @entity3557 (PTC and @entity6888 , respectively) risk, but few have replicated. After analyzing 17525 tag SNPs in 1129 candidate genes, we found associations with PTC risk in @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity48227 (near @entity48228 ) and other genes. Here, we report results from a replication effort in a large independent PTC/ @entity6888 case-control study conducted in Germany. We evaluated the best tagging SNPs from our previous PTC study and additionally included SNPs in or near @entity48228 and @entity7457 genes, known susceptibility loci for @entity259 . We genotyped 422 PTC and 130 @entity6888 cases and 752 controls recruited from three German clinical centers. We used polytomous logistic regression to simultaneously estimate PTC and @entity6888 associations for 79 SNPs based on log-additive models. We assessed effect modification by body mass index (BMI), gender and age for all SNPs, and selected SNP by @entity4982 interactions. We confirmed associations with PTC and SNPs in @entity48228 / @entity48227 , @entity10854 ( @entity48229 ), @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ), @entity9710 ( @entity48231 ), @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity22579 ( @entity48233 ) genes. We found associations with SNPs in @entity48228 , @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity26241 and @entity6643 and @entity6888 . We found two significant interactions between @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ) and BMI (P = 0.0321) and between @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity48228 ( @entity48234 ) (P = 0.0006). Besides the known associations with @entity48228 SNPs, we confirmed additional PTC SNP associations reported previously. We also found several new associations with @entity6888 risk and noteworthy interactions. We conclude that multiple variants and host factors might interact in complex ways to increase risk of PTC and @entity6888 .

title: Selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity48228 , @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity9710 , XXXX and @entity22579 are associated with @entity3557 risk: replication study in a German population.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity26241 :: (148022,Gene) :: ['TICAM1']


abstract: PURPOSE: to evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILM stained with @entity51472 (IfCG) in 26 @entity1 with @entity1103 , and to identify which factors are associated with a better postoperative visual outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: 26 @entity1 with @entity1103 were included in the study. A pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling stained with IfCG was performed, in some cases combined with @entity231 surgery. In 22 @entity1 the ILM was retained, examined with electron microscopy and compared with normal ILM's. Visual acuity and fundus examination were recorded several months after surgery. To determine which factors lead to the best postoperative results, @entity1 were divided into different groups and compared. RESULTS: during surgery, a taut posterior hyaloid was found in 26 @entity1 , which was successfully detached in all cases. ILM peeling within the vessel arcade succeeded in all @entity1 . Postoperative examination showed improved visual acuity and decreased macular @entity4 in 19 @entity1 , unaltered visual acuity in 3 @entity1 and decreased visual acuity in 4 @entity1 . Comparison between different groups of @entity1 revealed that young @entity1 with recent @entity1018 and without previous macular laser treatment, had better postoperative results. Electron microscopical examination showed a more condensed ILM in @entity6 @entity1 , consisting of a layer of fine curled fibers. CONCLUSION: pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the ILM stained with IfCG leads to good postoperative results in young @entity6 @entity1 with recent @entity1018 due to macular @entity4 and without previous macular laser treatment.

title: Vitrectomy with peeling of the inner limiting membrane for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity51472 :: ('MESH:C116320', 'Chemical') :: ['infracyanine green']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']