abstract: Adipose tissue and skeletal and heart muscle, which exhibit insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake, express a specific, insulin-responsive @entity413 transporter. Previously, a cDNA ( @entity3240 ) encoding this protein was isolated from a @entity19 3T3-L1 adipocyte library and was sequenced. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the corresponding @entity19 gene designated @entity3240 . The @entity3240 gene spans 7 kilobases and consists of 11 exons and 10 introns. The start site of transcription was mapped 180 nucleotides upstream of the initial @entity1853 codon. The @entity3240 promoter contains four potential binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor @entity10591 as well as a CCAAT box. @entity9828 footprinting of the @entity3240 promoter with nuclear extracts from undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells revealed that a differentiation-specific nuclear factor binds in the region at position -258 relative to the start site of transcription. Purified @entity16509 ( @entity16509 ) was found to bind at the same position. Transient cotransfection into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes of a @entity3240 promoter- @entity2755 acetyltransferase gene construct that contains the @entity16509 binding site, together with a @entity16509 expression vector, revealed that @entity16509 trans-activates the @entity3240 promoter. We suggest that @entity16509 plays an important role in tissue-specific, as well as metabolic, regulation of the insulin-responsive @entity413 transporter gene.

title: @entity19 insulin-responsive XXXX transporter gene: characterization of the gene and trans-activation by the @entity16509 .

entities_list: @entity16509 :: ('12606(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer binding protein', 'C/EBP']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: CONTEXT: Thyroid nodules are selected for biopsy on the basis of clinical and ultrasound (US) findings. Ultrasonography detects nodules at risk of @entity5 , but its diagnostic accuracy does not rule out with certainty the possibility of @entity5 without suspicious findings. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of real-time elastography (RTE) in thyroid nodules and to assess the improvement provided by combination of RTE, B-mode US, and @entity450 ( @entity450 ). DESIGN: This was a prospective multicenter study. @entity1 : A consecutive series of 498 thyroid nodules was blindly evaluated by US, @entity450 , and RTE before biopsy or surgery. Nodules were classified at RTE by four-class color scale. @entity1 with benign cytology underwent follow-up over 12 months, whereas @entity1 with indeterminate, suspicious, or malignant cytology were surgically treated. RESULTS: At follow-up, 126 nodules were malignant and 372 benign. RTE classes III-IV showed 81% sensitivity and 62% specificity. The presence of at least one US risk factor (hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular margins, intranodular vascularization, and taller than wide shape) had 85% sensitivity and 91% negative predictive value. When RTE was combined with US, the presence of at least one of the six parameters had 97% sensitivity and 97% negative predictive value, with an odds ratio of 15.8 (95% confidence interval 5.7-43.8). CONCLUSIONS: RTE is a valuable tool for detecting @entity1374 with a sensitivity similar to traditional US and @entity450 features. By adding RTE evaluation, the sensitivity for @entity5 of US findings is markedly increased and the selection of nodules that do not need cytology is made more reliable.

title: Ultrasound sensitivity for XXXX is increased by real-time elastography: a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer in lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'color flow Doppler']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid malignancy']


abstract: @entity1425 is the only definitive treatment of @entity2021 , and recent evidence suggests that the intramuscular route has superior pharmacokinetics to subcutaneous administration. There is little data regarding what route is commonly used in clinical practice. The objective of this article is to determine the rate of @entity1425 use in cases of @entity2021 and route of administration utilized. A retrospective review was made of 220 medical records with the primary diagnosis of @entity110 , @entity113 , or @entity2021 over a 28-month period at a military medical center. Twenty-four cases of @entity2021 identified in the records. Demographics, along with signs and symptoms of those experiencing @entity2021 , were similar to other published reports. @entity1425 was given in only 50% of cases and largely by the subcutaneous route. No intramuscular @entity1425 was administered. H1 blockers and @entity230 were the most commonly administered treatments. H2 blockers were given at the same rate as @entity1425 . An autoinjector was prescribed in 29% of cases with instruction on its use documented in 13%. An @entity566 referral was made in 29% of cases. Greater educational efforts and collaboration are needed between the @entity566 community and other providers regarding the importance of administering @entity1425 intramuscularly, prescribing autoinjectors, and referring to an allergist in cases of @entity2021 .

title: Anaphylaxis and XXXX prescribing patterns in a military hospital: underutilization of the intramuscular route.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Comparison between a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using monocortical screws with angular stability and two conventional plate systems Condylar Buttress Plate (CBP) and Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) for the treatment of @entity3330 with respect to biomechanical properties. DESIGN: Biomechanical study using paired cadaver femurs. In Test Configuration 1 (distal test), a ten-millimeter gap at the diaphysis-metaphysis junction simulates a supracondylar femoral @entity174 . Test Configuration 2 (proximal test) has the same configuration, but the gap was cut in the isthmic region. Proximal and distal plate ends were fixed to corresponding cortical bone fragments in both tests. Optical displacement transducers served to quantify the system's ability to withstand a stepwise increased load. Reversible (deflection) and irreversible deformation (subsidence) of the bone-plate construct was investigated. RESULTS: In Test Configuration 1, @entity3 showed less irreversible deformation in 72 percent of the left-right comparisons. No correlation between bone mineral density, cross-section area of bones and the measured response of the construct under load was found between pairs. In Test Configuration 2, 83 percent of the left-right comparisons showed less permanent deformation but a higher elastic deformation for @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an enhanced ability to withstand high loads when using the monocortical screw fixation technique with angular stability. A higher elastic deformation of @entity3 compared with conventional plating systems in @entity3330 can be explained by the lower bending stiffness caused by different design and material properties.

title: Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system for the internal fixation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['distal femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['LISS', 'Less Invasive Stabilization System']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal femur fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the long-term evolution of @entity16045 ( @entity16045 ), especially concerning @entity2045 , @entity410 , and EEG characteristics. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 20 @entity1 (six @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ; mean age, 37.9 years; range, 26-53 years) with @entity16045 who had been closely followed up since the onset of the disease (mean age, 12.3 years; range, 6-17 years) for an average of 25.6 years (range, 13-41 years). @entity16045 was confirmed by genetic tests in all. We used simplified @entity2045 and @entity410 rating scales. RESULTS: The geographic origin of the @entity1 was Northern Africa in nine, France in two, Italy in six, and mixed European in three. Three @entity1 were severely handicapped, six led fully autonomous lives, and 11 required various degrees of social support. @entity2045 progressed only during the first 5 years of disease. Major @entity410 occurred in 19. Three @entity1 had a single @entity410 , and eight became @entity410 free, whereas six had rare @entity410 , and two had frequent attacks. Overall, @entity410 became much less frequent after 10 years of evolution. EEG changes abated during follow-up: background activity remained stable or improved, spontaneous discharges disappeared, and photoparoxysmal responses were abolished in all @entity1 but two. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity16045 progresses only over a limited period and stabilizes thereafter. This self-limited progression may be the consequence of age-related apoptosis of selected neuronal populations.

title: XXXX , a condition with self-limited progression: long-term follow-up of 20 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity16045 :: ('MESH:D020194', 'Disease') :: ['Unverricht-Lundborg disease', 'ULD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'Myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

answer: @entity16045 :: (MESH:D020194,Disease) :: ['Unverricht-Lundborg disease']


abstract: The neurovascular unit provides a dynamic interface between the circulation and central nervous system. Disruption of neurovascular integrity occurs in numerous brain pathologies including neurotrauma and @entity64 . @entity1456 is a @entity563 protease that converts plasminogen to @entity1351 , a protease that dissolves @entity4461 . Besides its role in fibrinolysis, @entity1456 is abundantly expressed in the brain where it mediates extracellular proteolysis. However, proteolytically active @entity1456 also promotes @entity531 after @entity64 ; the molecular mechanisms of this process are still unclear. @entity1456 is naturally inhibited by @entity563 protease inhibitors (serpins): @entity2289 , @entity26016 or protease nexin-1 that results in the formation of serpin:protease complexes. Proteases and serpin:protease complexes are cleared through high-affinity binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors, but their binding to these receptors can also transmit extracellular signals across the plasma membrane. The matrix metalloproteinases are the second major proteolytic system in the @entity1 brain, and like tissue plasminogen activators are pivotal to neurological function but can also degrade structures of the neurovascular unit after injury. Herein, we show that @entity1456 potentiates @entity16 in a dose-dependent manner in a @entity19 model of neurotrauma. Surprisingly, inhibition of activity following administration of @entity2289 significantly increased cerebrovascular permeability. This led to our finding that formation of complexes between @entity1456 and @entity2289 in the brain parenchyma facilitates post-traumatic @entity16 . We demonstrate that following @entity130 , the complex binds to low-density lipoprotein receptors, triggering the induction of @entity18238 . Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of @entity18238 attenuates neurovascular permeability and improves neurological function in injured @entity19 . Our results are clinically relevant, because concentrations of @entity1456 : @entity2289 complex and @entity18238 are significantly elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of @entity130 @entity1 and correlate with neurological outcome. In a separate study, we found that @entity18238 and albumin, a marker of @entity16 , were significantly increased in brain tissue of @entity1 with neurotrauma. @entity531 causing @entity4 , @entity32 and cell death is an important cause of acute and long-term @entity51 after @entity130 . A role for the @entity1456 -matrix metalloproteinase axis in promoting @entity531 after neurotrauma has not been described thus far. Targeting @entity1456 : @entity2289 complex signalling or downstream @entity18238 induction may provide viable therapeutic strategies to reduce cerebrovascular permeability after neurotrauma.

title: The tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 complex promotes @entity531 in brain trauma: evidence from @entity19 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity18238 :: ('17392(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular damage', 'neurovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue plasminogen activator', 'tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular disruption', 'Perturbation of neurovascular homeostasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: We studied the rehabilitation approach to @entity1 with acquired @entity75 . The subjects were 13 @entity1 with sequelae of @entity75 . The onset ranged from 1 month to 15 years of age. Recovery was good in no case, moderate in 3, poor in 3, and absent in 7 cases. We evaluated the following factors: condition at the onset, present status, degree of improvement of the @entity177 ( @entity177 ). In the moderate recovery group, resuscitation was performed within 5 minutes, and @entity1662 loss disappeared within 3 days. Some @entity1 had no @entity717 , whereas others had @entity2055 . In the no recovery group, @entity1662 loss was severe and continued more than 5 days. Most of them had @entity1688 . The improvement of @entity177 was 52.8 +/- 23.9 in the moderate recovery group, 12.0 +/- 8.2 in the poor recovery group, and 0 in the no recovery group. Pediatricians as well as rehabilitation doctors should use @entity177 to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation.

title: [Rehabilitation approach to @entity1 with sequelae of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional independence measure', 'FIM']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic encephalopathy']


abstract: As part of a project to identify the pathophysiological cause or causes of mastitic @entity5535 , midlactation @entity291 were infused in two homolateral quarters with 10 micrograms of endotoxin while being milked four times daily to resolve better the temporal changes in mammary synthetic activity during endotoxin @entity1271 . Milk fat was decreased by the first milking (5 h) postinfusion and then recovered rapidly. In contrast, milk yield and the yields of protein and lactose were not significantly inhibited until the second milking, and these yields recovered slowly thereafter. The decline in milk yield by infused quarters was only 20% greater than the decline by uninfused quarters in this experiment. Mammary @entity32 developed rapidly in infused quarters as milk serum albumin concentration was maximal at the first milking. Milk SCC and NAGase were also elevated at this time, and maximal levels occurred at milkings 2 to 4. Increased temperature, increased @entity701 , and a mild @entity448 were apparent at the first milking only. Endotoxin treatment had no effect on serum prolactin or @entity413 . These data suggest that the delayed @entity5535 is consequent to the mammary @entity32 and systemic responses following endotoxin infusion. The results indicate that different pathophysiological events may inhibit synthesis of the different milk components.

title: Endotoxin XXXX in @entity291 milked four times daily.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['hypogalactia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: The genetic mechanisms that define the malignant behaviour of @entity151 ( @entity151 ) are poorly understood. We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 22 autoptic SCLCs to screen the @entity5 genome for genomic imbalances. DNA loss of chromosome 3p was a basic alteration that occurred in all @entity5 . Additionally, deletions were observed on chromosome 10q in 94% of @entity5 and on chromosomes 4q, 5q, 13q and 17p in 86% of @entity5 . DNA loss was confirmed by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis for chromosomes 3p, 5q and 10q. Simultaneous mutations of these six most abundant genetic changes were found in 12 cases. @entity5 carried at least five deletions. DNA under-representations were observed less frequently on chromosome 15q (55%) and chromosome 16q (45%). The prevalent imbalances were clearly indicated by the superposition of the 22 @entity5 to a CGH superkaryogram. In our view, the high incidence of @entity393 is an indication that @entity151 is defined by a pattern of deletions and that the inactivation of multiple growth-inhibitory pathways contributes in particular to the @entity146 phenotype of that type of @entity5 .

title: XXXX is characterized by a high incidence of deletions on chromosomes 3p, 4q, 5q, 10q, 13q and 17p.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['One single tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['Small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our primary aim was to identify subtypes of chronic @entity2371 and to compare the cases of @entity1 with the identified subtypes on health status and @entity130 history. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity490 would have greater health impairment and report more lifetime @entity130 than @entity1 with @entity158 or @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: We collected questionnaire data on 289 consecutive @entity1 @entity1 from a university chronic @entity2371 clinic. From @entity1 records, 1 gynecologist identified chronic @entity2371 subtypes on the basis of reported symptoms and the localization of @entity158 during examination. We used analysis of covariance with pairwise contrasts. RESULTS: Seven diagnostic subtypes were identified. @entity1 with @entity490 had more @entity130 and worse mental and physical health status compared with @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity158 . Those @entity1 with @entity490 also had poorer health than @entity1 with @entity1109 and @entity158 . Endometriosis was unrelated to health status. CONCLUSION: There is immense need for further @entity1118 .

title: Identification of diagnostic subtypes of chronic XXXX and how subtypes differ in health status and @entity130 history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal pain', 'pain', 'fibroid pain', 'cyclic pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal/pelvic pain', 'diffuse abdominal/pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['research to define subtypes of chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ) has become an important treatment modality for @entity1 with high-risk @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and is also under investigation for soft tissue @entity242 . The therapeutic success is still limited by @entity41 ( @entity41 ) status ultimately leading to @entity1 ' relapse. Adoptive donor lymphocyte infusions based on @entity41 status using @entity8252 -expanded cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may prevent relapse without causing @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). To generate preclinical data we developed @entity19 models to study anti-leukemic- and anti- @entity5 -potential of CIK cells in vivo. Immunodeficient @entity19 (NOD/ @entity915 / @entity2047 Ryc(-), NSG) were injected intravenously with @entity1 leukemic cell lines @entity1357 , SH-2 and with @entity1 @entity980 ( @entity980 ) cell lines RH41 and @entity6668 at minimal doses required for @entity1778 or @entity5 engraftment. @entity19 transplanted with @entity1357 or RH41 cells were randomly assigned for analysis of CIK cell treatment. Organs of @entity19 were analyzed by flow cytometry as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction for engraftment of malignant cells and CIK cells. Potential of CIK cells to induce @entity2132 was determined by histological analysis. Tissues of the highest degree of @entity1357 cell expansion included bone marrow followed by liver, lung, spleen, peripheral blood (PB), and brain. @entity6668 and RH41 engraftment mainly took place in liver and lung, but was also detectable in spleen and PB. In spite of delayed CIK cell expansion compared with malignant cells, CIK cells injected at equal amounts were sufficient for significant reduction of RH41 cells, whereas against fast-expanding @entity1357 cells 250 times more CIK than @entity1357 cells were needed to achieve comparable results. Our preclinical in vivo @entity19 models showed a reliable 100% engraftment of malignant cells which is essential for analysis of anti- @entity5 therapy. Furthermore our data demonstrated that @entity8252 -activated CIK cells have potent cytotoxic capacity against @entity3052 and @entity980 cells without causing @entity2132 .

title: Cytotoxic Capacity of @entity8252 -Stimulated Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Against @entity1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia and XXXX in Humanized Preclinical @entity19 Models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host-disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) are useful biological determinants in targeted therapy for @entity420 . DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with squamous mucosa and normal results of a pH study without @entity3137 (control group), 15 with @entity355 ( @entity4648 group), and 44 with @entity420 ( @entity189 group). INTERVENTIONS: Biopsy specimens were obtained 3 cm above the gastroesophageal junction. @entity6349 tissue was additionally isolated from 9 of the @entity1 in the @entity189 group. After laser-capture microdissection, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression across the spectrum of the @entity189 sequence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of @entity3840 , @entity7 , and @entity470 in each @entity1 group. RESULTS: Expression of both @entity3840 and @entity7 was significantly up-regulated in @entity1 with @entity4648 , @entity1141 , and @entity5 compared with controls (P<.01). Expression levels of both were significantly higher in @entity5 than in the @entity4648 group (P<.05) and increased sequentially from @entity4648 to @entity1141 to @entity5 . Expression of @entity7 was significantly higher in the @entity6349 tissue than in nondysplastic Barrett epithelium (P<.05). No change in expression levels of @entity470 was seen in the histologic progression to @entity420 . CONCLUSION: Gene expression data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of @entity3840 and @entity7 may be useful adjuncts in targeted therapy for @entity420 .

title: Molecular determinants in targeted therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplastic', 'dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 74 @entity1 were studied who underwent a third angioplasty for a second @entity256 of one coronary artery segment. The procedure was successful in 93% of @entity1 . Procedural complications included emergency bypass surgery (three @entity1 ) and in-hospital death (two @entity1 ). At late follow-up (mean 18 months, range 7 to 49), 30 @entity1 (43%) had a third @entity256 treated with either a fourth angioplasty (16 @entity1 ), coronary bypass surgery (11 @entity1 ) or medical management (1 @entity1 ). Thirty-nine @entity1 (57%) had no @entity256 on the basis of follow-up angiography or absence of symptoms previously attributed to @entity256 . Factors associated with a third @entity256 included a shorter time interval (less than 3 months) between previous angioplasty procedures and dilation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Among the 16 @entity1 undergoing a fourth angioplasty for a third @entity256 , the procedural success rate was 94%. One @entity1 required emergency bypass surgery. At late follow-up (mean 16 months, range 7 to 38), eight @entity1 (53%) had a fourth @entity256 treated with either a fifth angioplasty (one @entity1 ), bypass surgery (five @entity1 ) or medical management (two @entity1 ). Considering all 74 @entity1 undergoing a third angioplasty for a second @entity256 , 27% had bypass surgery, 5% died, 4% were managed medically and 64% were free of @entity951 at late follow-up after either a third, fourth or fifth angioplasty. @entity256 rates after a third or fourth angioplasty procedure for recurrent @entity256 are higher than those for the initial procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Repeat coronary angioplasty: efficacy of a third angioplasty for a second XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity174 of the lower extremity are a common type of childhood injury and many can be treated without surgery. Dislocated and open @entity174 are an indication for @entity174 stabilization via either intramedullary nailing or, in the case of complicated @entity174 , external fixation. But if complications are likely because of diseases and disabilities (for example, a @entity16 ) that can complicate the post-operative procedure and rehabilitation, what options does one have? CASE PRESENTATION: We report a nine-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who had @entity1897 and who was admitted with a grade I open @entity174 after a fall from a small height. Plain radiographs showed a dislocated tibia and fibula @entity174 . An open reduction with internal fixation with a compression plate osteosynthesis was performed, and soft tissue debridement combined with an external fixateur was undertaken. Three months later, she was re-admitted with localized swelling and signs of a local soft tissue infection in the middle of her tibia. Plain radiographs showed a non-union of the @entity174 , and microbiological analysis confirmed a wound infection with @entity2261 -sensitive @entity794 . Because of the non-union, the osteosynthesis was replaced with an Ilizarov external fixateur, and appropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated. Four months after the initial accident, the @entity174 was consolidated and we removed the external fixateur. CONCLUSIONS: If there is a pre-existing @entity16 and if disease makes it difficult for a @entity1 to follow all post-operative instructions, salvage procedures should be kept in mind in case of complications. There are multiple therapeutic options, including osteosynthesis, intramedullary nailing systems, cast therapy, or an external fixateur like the Ilizarov or Taylor spatial frame system. The initial use of an external fixateur such as an Ilizarov or Taylor spatial frame in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity16 should be kept in mind as a possible treatment option in complicated @entity174 , especially in a @entity1 with pre-existing neurological or endocrine pathologies.

title: Salvage procedures in lower-extremity trauma in a @entity1 with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibia fracture', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of @entity1109 and return to premorbid health status and assess the association of these outcomes with health care utilization in @entity1 with @entity497 . DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter cohort study. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient facilities at three university hospitals, one community hospital, and one staff-model health maintenance organization. @entity1 : Five hundred seventy-six adults (aged > or = 18 years) with clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity55 , judged by a validated @entity55 severity index to be at low risk of dying. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The presence and severity of five symptoms (cough, fatigue, @entity1353 , sputum, and @entity662 ) were recorded through questionnaires administered at four time points: 0, 7, 30, and 90 days from the time of radiographic diagnosis of @entity55 . A summary symptom score was tabulated as the sum of the five individual severity scores. @entity1 also provided responses to the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and reported the number of and reason for outpatient physician visits. Symptoms and health status 30 days before @entity55 onset (prepneumonia) were obtained at the initial interview. All symptoms, except @entity662 , were still commonly reported at 30 days, and the prevalence of each symptom at 90 days was still nearly twice prepneumonia levels. Physical health measures derived from the SF-36 Form declined significantly at presentation but continued to improve over all three follow-up time periods. @entity1 with elevated symptom scores at day 7 or day 30 were significantly more likely to report @entity55 -related ambulatory care visits at the subsequent day 30 or day 90 interviews, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Disease-specific symptom resolution and recovery of the premorbid physical health status requires more than 30 days for many @entity1 with @entity55 . Delayed @entity1109 is associated with increased utilization of outpatient physician visits.

title: Measuring symptomatic and functional recovery in XXXX with @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term survival of @entity1 with unsuspected @entity1086 (UGC) and the role of radical re-resection for this disease remain unclear. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 38 UGC @entity1 . The time-to-event data were demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Comparing survival curves of two groups using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall incidence of UGC in @entity1 underwent cholecystectomy in our hospital was 0.18  % (25 of 14,073). Distribution according to actual pT-stage (the UICC) was: pT1a: n  =  3; pT1b: n  =  11; pT2: n  =  4; @entity1803 : n  =  12; pT4: n  =  8. The preoperative diagnosis included a high rate of acute biliary tract inflammation (24 of 38, 63.2  %). Compared with other @entity1086 @entity1 , UGC group had significantly higher proportion of early stages ( @entity2558 ) (36.8  %, 14 of 38 cases) (p  <  0.01), and better prognosis. The comparison of radical re-resection versus simple cholecystectomy showed a significant benefit in overall survival for the @entity1803 group (22.0      5.48 vs. 5.0      0.9  months; p  =  0.02). There are median survival differences between the two subgroups of @entity1 with pT1b @entity5 whether received re-resection or not. Median survival was 62.0  months and 24.0      8.5  months, respectively, though the differences are not statistically significant (p  =  0.131). CONCLUSION: Radical re-resection is strongly recommended for @entity1 with pT1b-stage @entity5 . The reoperation should be performed as soon as possible, preferably within 10  days after the initial operation.

title: Unsuspected XXXX discovered during or after cholecystectomy: focus on appropriate radical re-resection according to the T-stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: Lesions of the ileocecal valve are uncommon and include various @entity32 , @entity1560 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . Of the neoplastic lesions, @entity6523 are distinctly rare, despite their frequency in the remainder of the colon. Three @entity1 with @entity6523 of the ileocecal valve are added to the seven previously reported cases. One had a large pedunculated polyp, another had @entity1127 resulting from @entity1412 , and the third had circumferential @entity1412 and the @entity24386 . Although many lesions of the valve produce the characteristic symptoms, the diagnosis of the @entity24386 is seldom made. Most @entity340 are incidental findings on barium-enema studies and may be carefully followed. The indications for operative intervention are suspicion of @entity5 and the presence of troublesome symptoms. If @entity5 is likely, a right colectomy should be done. Segmental resection is the procedure of choice for the @entity24386 . @entity6523 may require simple polypectomy, segmental resection, or even subtotal colectomy. Following recognition of these unusual disorders the exact management is individualized.

title: XXXX of the ileocecal valve: report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal-valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal-valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis', 'adenomatous polypoid hyperplasia']

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['Adenomatous polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate various risk factors related to the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression free survival (PFS) in 131 @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: All @entity1 underwent primary debulking surgery followed by a standard chemotherapeutic treatment regimen. Hyaluronan binding protein ( @entity21345 ) expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical-staining and assessed using western-immunoblotting analyses. A log-rank test was used to compare @entity1349 and PFS between @entity900 sensitive versus resistant @entity1 . Multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with @entity1349 and PFS. RESULTS: @entity21345 over-expression was correlated to histological-differentiation, @entity41 -size, serum CA-125 levels and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that increased expression of @entity21345 was associated with @entity900 resistance. @entity21345 low-expression resulted in an increased five-year @entity1349 and PFS. Cox proportional hazards test identified that high expression of @entity21345 led to increased risk for @entity43 via poor @entity1349 and PFS. This was similar for @entity900 resistant @entity1 . Thus, increased @entity21345 immunoreactivity in @entity43 may lead to a shortening in disease-free intervals of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: HAPBP1 over-expression in primary @entity43 is related to a decrease in @entity1349 and PFS and may be utilized as a prognostic marker for stage III/IV @entity1 .

title: Significance of hyaluronan binding protein ( @entity21345 / @entity21345 / @entity21345 ) expression in advanced serous XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage III/IV serous ovarian cancer', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer', 'stage III-IV ovarian serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual-tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Opioids modulate brain dopaminergic function in various experimental paradigms. This study used the rotational model of behavior in @entity35 with unilateral @entity2955 -induced lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway to investigate this interaction. Doses of two presynaptically acting dopaminergic drugs, @entity4944 and @entity2072 , were coadministered with several doses of the mu opioid agonist, @entity1286 . @entity1286 , at 3.0 mg/kg, potentiated @entity717 induced by each dose of the stimulants. To determine the receptor specificity of the actions of @entity1286 , the mu opioid agonists @entity4783 , @entity3575 , @entity14887 , @entity6882 , and @entity284 , and @entity3982 , the non-opioid isomer of @entity14887 , were administered alone and with 1.0 mg/kg @entity4944 . Each of these drugs, as well as @entity1286 , produced circling behavior on its own. All of the mu opioid agonists and @entity3982 increased @entity4944 -induced turning; the coadministration of @entity3982 , @entity14887 , @entity6882 , @entity284 and @entity1286 with @entity4944 produced turning greater than predicted by simple additivity. To determine whether an opioid receptor was involved in these interactions, the opioid antagonist, @entity836 , was administered before the @entity4944 /mu opioid receptor agonist combination. @entity836 blocked the potentiating effects of @entity1286 , but not those of the other drugs. Moreover, @entity836 alone dose-dependently increased @entity4944 -induced @entity717 . These studies show that some mu opioid receptor agonists can potentiate stimulant-induced @entity717 and that blockade of opioid receptors can also produce a potentiation. The role of mu opioid receptors in these effects remains unclear.

title: Mu opioid agonists potentiate XXXX - and @entity2072 -induced @entity717 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational behavior']

entities_list: @entity14887 :: ('MESH:D007981', 'Chemical') :: ['levorphanol']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: CONCLUSION: @entity19 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) transplanted into the scala tympani are able to migrate in the cochlea of @entity35 deafened with @entity4028 and partly restore the structure of sensory epithelia of the inner ear. OBJECTIVES: To explore the migration and differentiation of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-expressing ESCs by transplanting them into the scala tympani of @entity35 with @entity4509 -induced @entity393 . METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were deafened with @entity4509 . @entity19 ESCs expressing EGFP (EGFP-ESCs) were transplanted into the scala tympani. The migration and differentiation were observed at different time points. RESULTS: EGFP-ESCs transplanted into normal cochlea did not migrate, but those in the @entity4509 -damaged cochlea could survive and migrate into the scala media and the vestibular cisterna. For the first time, we observed that the EGFP-ESCs @entity4222 media, took the place of the organ of Corti, and formed a structure just like the cochlear tunnel. Some grafted stem cells even expressed @entity52630 , the molecular marker of hair cells. Some nerve fibers reached to the bottom of the hair cell-like cells. The ESCs migrated into the vestibule and restored the sensory epithelia of the ampullary crest. The number of the transplanted ESCs reduced over the 6 week period of the study.

title: Migration and differentiation of @entity19 embryonic stem cells transplanted into mature cochlea of XXXX with @entity4028 -induced @entity393 .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migrated into the scala']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'amikacin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The solubility and physical stability of @entity1 Insulin-like Growth Factor I ( @entity442 ) were studied in aqueous solutions with different excipients. METHODS: The solubility of @entity442 was determined by UV-absorption and quantification of light blocking particles. The physical stability of @entity442 was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity442 precipitated at low temperature in the presence of 140 mM @entity7471 and 145 mM @entity2827 . CD data showed that the tertiary structure of @entity442 during these conditions was perturbed compared to that in 5 mM @entity1391 buffer. In the presence of @entity7471 290 mM @entity2656 stabilized @entity442 . @entity2827 or @entity2656 by themselves had no effect on either the solubility or the tertiary structure. @entity7471 was attracted to @entity442 , whereas @entity2827 was preferentially excluded. The attraction of @entity7471 was reinforced by @entity2827 leading to salting-out of @entity442 . The CD-data indicated interactions of @entity7471 with @entity815 in @entity442 . Thermal denaturation of @entity442 occurred in all solutions with @entity2827 , whereas @entity2656 or @entity7471 had no effect on the thermal stability. The thermal stability of @entity442 was thus decreased in 145 mM @entity2827 although it was excluded from @entity442 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-association and thermal aggregation of @entity442 is driven by hydrophobic interactions. @entity7471 is attracted to @entity442 and induces changes in the tertiary structure causing hydrophobic attraction of the protein at low temperatures.

title: Solvent effects on the solubility and physical stability of XXXX insulin-like growth factor I.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity7471 :: ('MESH:D019905', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl alcohol', 'Benzyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride', 'Sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether the cardioprotective effects of volatile anesthetics translate into decreased morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. BACKGROUND: It is commonly believed that the choice of the primary anesthetic agent does not result in different outcomes after cardiac surgery. Recent evidence, however, has indicated that volatile anesthetics improve postischemic recovery at a cellular level, in isolated hearts, in animals, and in @entity1 . METHODS: Four investigators independently searched BioMedCentral and PubMed. Inclusion criteria were random allocation to treatment and comparison of a total intravenous anesthesia regimen versus an anesthesia plan including @entity10233 or @entity2614 performed on cardiosurgical @entity1 . Exclusion criteria were duplicate publications, nonhuman experimental studies, and no outcome data. The endpoints were the rate of perioperative @entity583 and hospital mortality. RESULTS: The search yielded 22 studies, involving 1,922 @entity1 . Volatile anesthetics were associated with significant reductions of @entity583 (24/979 [2.4%] in the volatile anesthetics group v 45/874 [5.1%] in the control arm, odds ratio [OR] = 0.51 [0.32-0.84], p for effect = 0.008, and p for heterogeneity = 0.77) and mortality (4/977 [0.4%] v 14/872 [1.6%], OR = 0.31 [0.12-0.80], p for effect = 0.02, and p for heterogeneity = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10233 and @entity2614 have cardioprotective effects that result in decreased morbidity and mortality. The present data show for the first time that the choice of an anesthetic regimen based on administration of halogenated anesthetics is associated with a better outcome after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX and @entity2614 in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity10233 :: (MESH:C053562,Chemical) :: ['Desflurane']


abstract: The present study investigated the influence of early weaning and separation from mother and littermates on voluntary @entity1068 intake and general activity during prepuberal age, and adult age @entity2819 levels. On day 16 after birth the male offspring of a litter were divided in three groups, each subjected to a different rearing condition: 1)early weaned and isolated from its littermates; 2) early weaned but growing up together with two littermates; 3) staying with mother and two littermates. On day 25 the animals were tested for general activity including assessment of fearfulness. From day 30 all animals were given a free choice between water and @entity1068 solution. The @entity1068 concentration was increased by 2% during each of the following weeks until 10% was reached during the 5th week. Ten days later, after cessation of @entity167 testing, blood samples were taken from the tail for assessment of plasma levels @entity2819 . The isolated, early weaning pups displayed higher activity levels than both normally reared pups and group-living, early weaning pups. The quotient peripheral locomotion/total locomotion was lower for the isolated pups compared with the other groups, suggesting less fearfulness in the early weaned, isolated pups. For 2%, 4%, and 6% @entity1068 solutions the normal-reared @entity35 consumed more @entity1068 and displayed higher @entity1068 preference than either of the early weaned groups of animals. No group differences were observed either at 8% or 10% @entity1068 solutions. Levels of plasma @entity2819 in adult age in the early weaned @entity35 were slightly reduced, not reaching statistical significance, compared to the normally weaned animals.

title: Effects of early weaning and social isolation on subsequent @entity167 intake in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A previously unreported @entity1 with partial (cephalothoracic) @entity6562 is described. @entity413 tolerance and plasma lipids were normal, but plasma @entity2690 increased to 340 muU/ml during an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Plasma free @entity1718 were appropriately suppressed by oral @entity413 , @entity2690 , and @entity1670 , and were increased by infusion of @entity1063 . The lipolytic responses was also normal in response to two stimuli for endogenous @entity2922 release: upright posture and @entity897 infusion. There was a gradual development of @entity551 in response to upright posture despite appropriate reflex @entity591 . @entity3797 was present over the lower half of the body during this test, in a distribution corresponding to the area of adipose tissue @entity1184 . @entity3797 was also seen in this region in response to warm ambient temperature. Adipose cells from the @entity3202 were smaller than those from the hypertropic area, but the @entity3202 cells were only 65% of the volume of the @entity1184 cells by two different methods. Thus, loss of cells occurred. @entity413 -1(-14)C utilization and in vitro lipolysis were similar in the two cell preparations; the difference were explicable by cell size and did not suggest a @entity209 . Counts of unmyelinated nerves were similar in the two areas. These findings indicate that in this @entity1 the @entity6562 was associated with normal fat cells and an @entity5433 . However, the findings cannot completely explain the pathogenesis of her disorder. Loss of fat cells, rather than symmetrical shrinkage, occurred in the upper half of the body.

title: Adipose cell morphology and control of lipolysis in a XXXX with partial lipodystrophy.

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic area']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postural hypotension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['Anhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The principal common pathway for @entity741 is an @entity26 supply-demand imbalance; more recently, greater emphasis has been placed on limitations of myocardial blood supply, as well as excessive myocardial @entity26 demand. @entity741 is a metabolic event resulting from inadequate @entity26 delivery to local tissues. The physiologic effects of @entity63 are observed through abnormalities in left ventricular function, electrocardiographic changes, and often, by @entity951 . Prognostic and therapeutic outcomes are significantly related to the pathophysiology of the underlying coronary lesion. Because @entity741 often occurs without symptoms, clinical distinctions based on angina stability may more appropriately be represented by stable or unstable @entity63 syndromes that incorporate silent @entity63 . Stable @entity63 syndromes occur secondary to coronary plaques, whereas unstable syndromes are the result of active lesions caused by @entity397 with local @entity715 and vasoreactivity that produce intermittent critical decreases in coronary supply. The prognosis of @entity1 with stable @entity63 is related to the extent of myocardium at jeopardy and overall left ventricular function. In contrast, unstable syndromes are associated with a worse short-term prognosis, which may be predictable by the presence of silent @entity63 or @entity1002 or both. Therapeutic decisions based on an improved pathophysiologic understanding of @entity63 mechanisms as well as the physiologic impact of therapy on cardiac function can enhance efficacy while avoiding adverse effects. @entity460 channel blockers appear to afford certain advantages in the treatment of @entity741 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Changing concepts in the pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate etiologic factors,mechanisms and treatment of @entity2753 in @entity1 with acute @entity1566 . METHODS: From January 2005 to July 2010, 57 @entity1 with @entity2753 after acute @entity1566 from severe @entity130 were treated. They included 46 males and 11 females who ranged in age from 26 to 69 years (mean 39.5 years). Of the 57 cases, 55 cases were complicated by cervical dislocation or @entity174 , and the remaining two cases were without dislocation or @entity174 . Among them, 28 @entity1 had complete @entity1566 , 29 had incomplete @entity1566 . Nerve function was assessed according to the ASIA criteria, revealing type A in 28 cases, type B in 25 cases, and type C in 4 cases. Heart rate, blood pressure, 24-hour urine volume and serum @entity1372 were measured daily, and fluid and @entity1372 replacement was administered when the diagnosis of @entity2753 was confirmed. Urine @entity1372 , serum osmotic pressure and urine osmotic pressure were measured every 3 days. The potential cause of the @entity2753 was supposed to be @entity5653 ( @entity5653 ) or @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) according to the results and therapeutic reaction. Intravenous fluid infusion and salt replacement were required in @entity1 with @entity5653 , while fluid restriction and intravenous salt replacement were administered for @entity1 with @entity6085 . Parameters before and after treatment were analyzed with t-test. RESULTS: There were 42 @entity1 with SCWS,and 15 @entity1 with @entity6085 . Heart rate, serum @entity1372 and serum osmotic pressure were higher 3 weeks after admission in all @entity1 (all P < 0.01), while blood pressure and urine osmotic pressure were higher and urine @entity1372 was lower (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in 24-h urine volume (P > 0.05). Heart rate, serum osmotic pressure, urine osmotic pressure showed further improvement by the time of discharge, while 24-h urine volume decreased, urine @entity1372 further decreased (all P < 0.05). There was no significant change in blood pressure (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity5653 and @entity6085 are two potential causes of @entity2753 in @entity1 with acute @entity1566 . Distinguishing between these two disorders is of crucial importance because treatment of each condition is quite different, one needing vigorous salt replacement while the other needing fluid restriction.

title: [Analysis of mechanisms and treatment of @entity2753 in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['CSWS', 'cerebral salt wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion', 'SIADH']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Latest research shows that the lower resting values of right ventricular (RV) myocardial % strain may represent a physiologic change rather than subclinical @entity296 . Therefore, we assessed load-independent changes to the RV as a consequence of high intensity training by measuring the @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) of the free wall of the RV in conjunction with NT pro- @entity3876 measured by an electrochemiluminescence assay. METHODS: Seventeen controls (mean age 27      4), 24 soccer footballers (mean age 24      4), and 18 elite rowers (mean age 22      4) were studied. Left ventricular (LV) and RV % strain were measured using two-dimensional (2D) speckle based automated functional imaging (AFI) software. RV free wall @entity11139 was measured using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler at the lateral tricuspid annulus. Standard 2D echo were used to measured RV parameters including the Tei index (systolic and diastolic function) and the total annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of the RV annulus. NT pro- @entity3876 was measured by an electrochemiluminescence assay. RESULTS: The RV diameter was increased in the footballers and elite rowers compared with controls (P  <  0.001). RV wall size was greater in the elite rowers compared with controls and footballers (P  =  0.002). The peak @entity11139 of the RV was higher in the rowers, compared with the footballers and to controls (P  <  0.001). The mean LV and RV % @entity296 were lower in the elite athletes and the footballers compared with controls (P  <  0.001). There was no difference in RV Tei index, levels of @entity3876 , and TAPSE across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant increase in @entity11139 of the RV of athletes despite reduced myocardial % strain and normal levels in NT-proBNP. This suggests that the decrease in % strain is not a consequence of @entity296 , but may represents a part of the physiological response to endurance exercise. Therefore, a reduced @entity11139 in a remodeled RV could herald a pathological response.

title: Reduced right XXXX in the elite athlete may not be a consequence of @entity296 . "Cream masquerades as skimmed milk".

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['IVA', 'Isovolumic acceleration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage', 'myocardial strain']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ventricular myocardial strain']


abstract: @entity706 and @entity12293 ( @entity12293 ) in the ocular adnexa are sometimes difficult to differentiate morphologically and have often been categorized together as a @entity1071 . Immunogenotypic characters of these diseases have not yet been well clarified. This study included 76 cases of @entity1071 . These consisted of 52 cases of @entity706 (43 primary and 9 secondary), 22 of @entity12293 , and 2 borderline cases. There were slightly more male than female subjects. Diagnoses were based on morphology and immunophenotypic characteristics. Clonalities were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes were sequenced in 10 cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . @entity1074 constituted 86% (37 cases) of the @entity706 . @entity1074 were more indolent, more rarely disseminated, and had a lower death rate than the other @entity706 . Two @entity1 exhibited coexistence of MALT and diffuse large @entity1892 . The average age of @entity1 with @entity12293 was 5.5 years younger than that of those with @entity1074 . One of the cases of @entity12293 later progressed to @entity706 . B-cell clonality was detected by PCR in 57%, 55%, and 0% of @entity706 , @entity1074 and RLHs, respectively. Sequencing of VH genes revealed that the VH3 family was the most commonly expressed germline VH family (70%) and that DP-63, DP-54 and @entity54969 genes were frequently found in the @entity1074 examined. PCR analysis was useful for differentiation between @entity1074 and @entity12293 . Sequence analysis of VH genes showed that an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the lymphomagenesis of @entity1074 .

title: Clinical, histopathological, and immunogenetic analysis of @entity1071 : characterization of XXXX and @entity12293 .

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder', 'ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Malignant lymphomas', 'primary lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia', 'RLH']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malt lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the feasibility and suitability of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for curing selected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with this less invasive technique. METHODS: We performed VATS segmentectomy for small (< 20 mm) peripherally located @entity5 and pathologically confirmed lobar lymph node-negative disease by frozen-section examination during surgery. Of the 34 @entity1 who underwent this limited resection, 22 were treated with complete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (intentional group), whereas 12 @entity1 who were deemed to be high risk in their toleration for lobectomy underwent VATS segmentectomy with incomplete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (compromised group). The surgical and clinical parameters were evaluated and compared with those of segmentectomy under standard thoracotomy to evaluate the technical feasibility of VATS segmentectomy. RESULTS: We found that VATS segmentectomy could be performed safely with a nil mortality rate and acceptably low morbidity. The mean period of observation was relatively short at 656.7 +/- 572.1 and 783.4 +/- 535.8 days in the intentional and compromised groups, respectively. At the time of writing, all intentional @entity1 remain alive and free of recurrence. There were two cases of @entity5 in the compromised group. Clinical data indicated that VATS segmentectomy caused the same number or fewer surgical insults compared with segmentectomy under standard thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The present results are intermediate only; the rate of long-term survival and the advantages of the less invasive procedure still need further investigation. Nevertheless, we believe that VATS segmentectomy with complete lymph node dissection is a reasonable treatment option for selected @entity1 with small peripheral @entity1149 .

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for small peripheral lung cancer XXXX : intermediate results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-cancer-related death', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity10388 gene polymorphism in @entity1 with @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) and fetal loss. DESIGN: Genetic association study. SETTING: Perinatal center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity1423 , manifested as fetal loss, and 42 control subjects without @entity1423 and no history of fetal loss and @entity715 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity1423 was diagnosed by platelet aggregometry (PACKS-4 aggregometer; Helena Laboratories). Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity10388 gene were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Occurrence of SNPs of the @entity10388 gene in @entity1423 @entity1 versus control subjects. RESULT(S): We found a higher occurrence of three SNPs of the @entity10388 gene in @entity1423 @entity1 versus control subjects ( @entity53477 : 0.204 vs. 0.048, odds ratio [OR] 5.116, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.536-17.03; @entity53478 : 0.204 vs. 0.071, OR 3.326, 95% CI 1.149-9.619; @entity42336 : 0.204 vs. 0.071, OR 3.326, 95% CI 1.149-9.619). The haplotype analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of two haplotypes (CTGAG in haplotype 5: 0.185 vs. 0.059, OR 3.568, 95% CI 1.142-11.14; and CGATAG in haplotype 6: 0.204 vs. 0.048, OR 4.961, 95% CI 1.488-16.53). CONCLUSION(S): Our results, especially the higher occurrence of haplotypes CTGAG and CGATAG in @entity1423 @entity1 , support the idea that @entity10388 gene polymorphism may be associated with @entity1423 , a possible cause of fetal loss.

title: Platelet aggregation abnormalities in @entity1 with fetal losses: the XXXX gene polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['sticky platelet syndrome', 'platelet hyperaggregability', 'SPS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity10388 :: (51206,Gene) :: ['GP6']


abstract: Regulation of corpus luteum function was studied in pouched @entity19 , housed under controlled conditions (14L:10D), (22 +/- 2 degrees C). @entity20514 in daily doses of 32 IU promoted luteal and uterine development and markedly increased plasma levels of @entity1420 in females exhibiting estrous cycles. Negligible levels of @entity1420 in @entity20514 -treated ovariectomized females ruled out the possibility of a significant nonovarian source of @entity1420 . @entity2211 (a @entity935 antagonist) induced pseudopregnancy in cycling females, with a marked increase of peripheral @entity1420 levels. Pseudopregnancy was also induced by artificial vaginal stimulation of cycling females according to a multiple intromission-multiple ejaculation pattern or a shorter, more concentrated stimulation pattern. The latter treatment, however, resulted in a much weaker histological response of the corpora lutea and uterine horns, although plasma levels of @entity1420 were similar in the two treatment groups. Recently mated females given @entity2211 daily did not have @entity1420 levels above those of mated females treated with vehicle only (both groups pregnant). @entity2847 (a @entity935 agonist) prevented newly mated females from becoming pregnant and interrupted pregnancy when given from Day 6 onward. The @entity1420 level in these females was lowered. A GnRH-antagonist given to ovariectomized females significantly suppressed LH levels, but intact females given artificial vaginal stimulation and treated with an GnRH antagonist became pseudopregnant. These findings indicate that, in the pouched @entity19 , as in many other rodent species, pseudopregnancy and @entity1420 production are dependent on @entity20514 and not on LH.

title: Regulation of corpus luteum function in the pouched XXXX , Saccostomus campestris.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of the standard bronchoscope as a method of diagnosis of @entity358 is limited. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of the ultrathin bronchoscope as an adjunct to standard bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity358 . METHODS: Seventeen consecutive @entity1 with a peripheral lung lesion on chest radiography or chest CT. All @entity1 underwent a bronchoscopic examination with a standard size bronchoscope, and if there was no evidence of endobronchial lesion, these @entity1 were subsequently examined with an Olympus 3C40 ultrathin bronchoscope (external diameter of 3.6 mm). Under fluoroscopic guidance, cytological brushing samples were taken with the ultrathin bronchoscope followed by a reexamination with the standard bronchoscope which followed the same 'pathway' to the lesion established by the 3C40 ultrathin bronchoscope. Transbronchial biopsies (TBB) and cytological samples were taken with the standard bronchoscope. RESULTS: The size of the lesions ranged from 1.5 to 7.0 cm. A positive bronchoscopic diagnosis by TBB was obtained in 11 out of 17 @entity1 (64.7%) and a diagnosis of atypical cells suspicious for @entity5 noted in a further 3 @entity1 . For lesions less than 3 cm in size, a positive diagnosis by TBB was achieved in 7 out of 10 of these cases. The lesion was directly visualized with the ultrathin bronchoscope in 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrathin bronchoscopy appears to be a useful adjunct to standard bronchoscopy by providing an accurate pathway to the lesion in question. However, further studies with larger @entity1 groups are warranted.

title: Ultrathin bronchoscopy as an adjunct to standard bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX . A preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['peripheral lung lesions']


abstract: Cell lines with high metastatic capacity to the lung were established by sequential passage of a @entity1 @entity788 cell line (SUIT-2) through the lung of a nude @entity19 , via the lateral tail vein and from a subcutaneous inoculum. Cells of the parental SUIT-2 and sublines S2-VPx (x-cycle selection from SUIT-2 cells, by Vein-Pulmonary @entity3 -culture) and S2-CPx (x-cycle selection, by Cutis-Pulmonary @entity3 -culture) were injected intravenously or subcutaneously into @entity19 to produce experimental or spontaneous lung @entity3 . The S2-VP10 cell line produced @entity358 in 100% of the @entity19 , when injected intravenously. It failed, however, to produce more lung colonies than its parent cell line, when injected subcutaneously. The S2-CP8 cell line produced extensive @entity358 in 100% of the @entity19 , when injected either intravenously or subcutaneously. This study indicates that the nude @entity19 provided a good model for in vivo selection of metastatic cells from SUIT-2 cells both experimentally and spontaneously, and that the SUIT-2, S2-VPx, and S2-CPx cell lines will be valuable in the study of @entity1 cancer @entity3 . We previously reported high levels of ezrin expression in the S2-VP10 and S2-CP8 cell lines. Here we show that these cell lines exhibit a greater capacity to invade or attach to various extracellular matrix components than the parent SUIT-2 cells. The S2-CP8 cell lines also exhibit greater level of type-I and type-IV collagen-degrading activity than the parent SUIT-2 cell line and the S2-VP10 cell line, which shows similar collagen-degrading activity to the parent SUIT-2 cells. In RT-PCR studies, SUIT-2, S2-CP8 and S2-VP10 cell lines constitutively expressed many matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity5782 , @entity5780 , @entity18238 , @entity21423 , @entity1235 , @entity22723 and @entity5781 ). These results suggest that some parameters that enhance adhesion and invasion are important to both experimental and spontaneous @entity3 and the collagen degrading enzymes are predicted to play a key-role during spontaneous @entity3 .

title: High collagenolytic activity in spontaneously highly metastatic variants derived from a @entity1 @entity788 cell line (SUIT-2) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: We purified a 44-kDa nuclear protein from salt-extract of permeable @entity19 ascites @entity242 cells in an effort to isolate factors involved in the repair of acid-depurinated DNA. It was copurified with a major AP endonuclease ( @entity11761 ) by sequential column chromatography then further purified by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis as a possible DNA repair support factor. Its partial @entity535 sequences were determined, and a cDNA clone for the protein was isolated from a @entity19 T-cell cDNA library using long degenerate oligonucleotide probes deduced from the @entity535 sequence. The complete @entity377 sequence of the cDNA (1.7 kilobases) was determined. Northern hybridization using this cDNA detected two transcripts: 1.8 kb being the major one and 2.6 kb being the minor one. The complete @entity535 sequence for the protein predicted from the @entity377 sequence of the cDNA indicates that the 44-kDa protein consists of 394 @entity1522 with a calculated molecular weight of 43,698. In tests performed thus far, the recombinant 44-kDa protein expressed in @entity526 has not expressed any repair-support activity. It remains to be analyzed whether the protein attains this activity after appropriate posttranslational modifications. Most parts of the 44-kDa protein cDNA and the deduced @entity535 sequence were found to be identical to those of the protein p @entity19 G4, recently reported as a cell cycle-specifically modulated nuclear protein of 38kDa. The p38-2G4 may be a truncated form of the present 44-kDa protein.

title: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a XXXX 44-kDa nuclear protein copurified with DNA repair factors for acid-depurinated DNA.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In the adult @entity35 hippocampus, the axons of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, the @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ), form excitatory glutamatergic synapses with @entity1251 principal cells. In neonates, @entity28802 release into their targets mainly @entity1246 , which at this developmental stage is depolarizing. Here we tested the hypothesis that, at immature @entity28802 - @entity1251 synapses, correlated presynaptic [single fiber-evoked @entity1246 (A)-mediated postsynaptic potentials (GPSPs)] and postsynaptic activity (back propagating action potentials) may exert a critical control on synaptic efficacy. This form of plasticity, called @entity734 ( @entity734 ), is a Hebbian type form of learning extensively studied at the level of glutamatergic synapses. Depending on the relative timing, @entity13635 postsynaptic spiking and single @entity28802 -GPSPs induced bidirectional changes in synaptic efficacy. In case of positive @entity13635 , spike-timing-dependent-long-term potentiation (STD-LTP) was associated with a persistent increase in GPSP slope and in the probability of cell firing. The transduction pathway involved a rise of @entity460 in the postsynaptic cell and the combined activity of @entity268 -dependent @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ). Retrograde signaling via @entity2136 and presynaptic TrkB receptors led to a persistent increase in @entity1246 release. In "presynaptically" silent neurons, the enhanced probability of @entity1246 release induced by the @entity13635 protocol, unsilenced these synapses. Shifting E( @entity1246 ) from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction with @entity11623 failed to modify synaptic strength. Thus, STD-LTP of GPSPs provides a reliable way to convey information from granule cells to the @entity1251 associative network at a time when glutamatergic synapses are still poorly developed.

title: At immature mossy-fiber- XXXX synapses, correlated presynaptic and postsynaptic activity persistently enhances @entity1246 release and network excitability via @entity2136 and @entity268 -dependent @entity12175 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'mossy fibers']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['STDP', 'spike-timing-dependent plasticity']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare data from Thoroughbreds that sustained @entity85 while racing with data from matched control @entity1641 . DESIGN: Matched case-control study. ANIMALS: 216 Thoroughbreds that sustained a @entity85 while racing and 532 @entity1641 from the same races that were not injured. PROCEDURE: Data regarding racing history, race-entrant characteristics, racing events determined by analysis of videotapes of races, and results of prerace physical inspections were determined for all @entity1641 . Injured @entity1641 were compared with control @entity1641 by using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Results of prerace inspection by regulatory veterinarians were significantly associated with injury. Odds of @entity85 , injury of the suspensory apparatus of the forelimb, and @entity121 of the forelimb were 5.5 to 13.5 times greater among @entity1641 assessed to be at increased risk of injury by regulatory veterinarians on the basis of results of prerace inspection than for @entity1641 not considered to be at increased risk of injury. Odds of an abnormal finding in the suspensory ligament during prerace inspection were 3.4 times greater among @entity1641 that injured the suspensory apparatus than among control @entity1641 , and odds of an abnormal finding in the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle during prerace inspection were 15 times greater among @entity1641 that injured the tendon than among control @entity1641 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Regulatory veterinarians can identify @entity1641 during prerace physical inspection that have an increased risk of injury during races. Prerace physical inspections could be used to reduce the risk of injury to Thoroughbreds during races.

title: Racing-related factors and results of prerace physical inspection and their association with XXXX incurred in thoroughbreds during races.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries', 'musculoskeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: Abstract The T-SPOT. @entity1906 @entity1062 ( @entity1950 . @entity1906 ), an @entity379 ( @entity379 ) release assay (IGRA), is superior in diagnosing @entity9178 compared with the conventional @entity272 ( @entity272 ). However, whether cytotoxic chemotherapy and treatment with new-generation antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies affects the @entity1950 . @entity1906 is not certain. We evaluated the feasibility of using the @entity1950 . @entity1906 in this population. Sixteen @entity5 @entity1 at high risk for @entity378 exposure were prospectively evaluated with the @entity272 and @entity1950 . @entity1906 . Blood samples were obtained 7.5    89.3 days after the most recent cycle of antineoplastic therapy. Six @entity1 (38%) were febrile within 24 h of blood sampling; high-dose corticosteroid therapy and profound treatment-induced @entity1398 were present in 1 @entity1 each. In all @entity1 , @entity1950 . @entity1906 showed no evidence of @entity9178 . A robust mitogen-induced @entity379 response was seen in samples from 14 @entity1 (88%) despite therapy with high-dose @entity288 , @entity786 , @entity3118 , @entity24098 , and alemtuzumab. The presence of @entity221 or profound @entity1398 did not negatively impact mitogen response by peripheral lymphocytes. The 2 @entity1 whose peripheral blood lymphocytes (> 500 cells/ml) failed to generate a cytokine response to ex vivo mitogen stimulation had refractory advanced @entity5 . Unlike the @entity272 , a negative @entity1950 . @entity1906 provided interpretable results even in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing new-generation immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Impact of cytotoxic and targeted antineoplastic drugs on the validity of the mitogen-induced @entity379 release assay for XXXX : results of a prospective trial at a comprehensive @entity5 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity24098 :: ('MESH:C406061', 'Chemical') :: ['gemtuzumab ozogamicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'tuberculin skin test']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']


abstract: The sea slug @entity51920 acquires plastids by ingestion of its algal food source @entity51921 . Organelles are sequestered in the mollusc's digestive epithelium, where they photosynthesize for months in the absence of algal nucleocytoplasm. This is perplexing because plastid metabolism depends on the nuclear genome for >90% of the needed proteins. Two possible explanations for the persistence of photosynthesis in the sea slug are (i) the ability of @entity51921 plastids to retain genetic autonomy and/or (ii) more likely, the mollusc provides the essential plastid proteins. Under the latter scenario, genes supporting photosynthesis have been acquired by the animal via horizontal gene transfer and the encoded proteins are retargeted to the plastid. We sequenced the plastid genome and confirmed that it lacks the full complement of genes required for photosynthesis. In support of the second scenario, we demonstrated that a nuclear gene of oxygenic photosynthesis, psbO, is expressed in the sea slug and has integrated into the germline. The source of psbO in the sea slug is @entity51921 because this sequence is identical from the predator and prey genomes. Evidence that the transferred gene has integrated into sea slug nuclear DNA comes from the finding of a highly diverged psbO 3' flanking sequence in the algal and mollusc nuclear homologues and gene absence from the mitochondrial genome of @entity51920 . We demonstrate that foreign organelle retention generates metabolic novelty ("green animals") and is explained by @entity254 of distinct branches of the tree of life driven by predation and horizontal gene transfer.

title: Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51921 :: ('109269', 'Species') :: ['Vaucheria litorea', 'V. litorea']

entities_list: @entity51920 :: ('188477', 'Species') :: ['Elysia chlorotica', 'E. chlorotica']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity51920 :: (188477,Species) :: ['Elysia chlorotica']


abstract: @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) can be developed by a prolonged or large intake of @entity167 in a short period of time. @entity5881 is considered as a leading cause for a @entity99 in modern dietary life. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of orally administrated citrus @entity3088 (CFs) and their enzymatically modified ones (EM-CFs) to prevent @entity5881 . @entity35085 and @entity51795 were extracted from peels of Citrus unshiu by ultra-sonication and purified further. These CFs were modified enzymatically through glycosylation and de-rhamnosylation by the actions of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and hesperidinase, respectively. CFs and EM-CFs were fed to ICR @entity19 along with @entity1068 for 8 weeks, and changes in lipid contents, lipid peroxidation, @entity2197 , antioxidant enzymes activity and proinflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissues were observed. Administration of CFs and EM-CFs along with @entity167 significantly suppressed increases in prognostic parameters of a @entity99 . Especially, EM-CFs fed groups maintained @entity1234 , @entity2197 levels and catalase activity in hepatic tissues close to those of the normal diet fed group. Abrupt increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as IkB-a, @entity637 , @entity635 and @entity777 in hepatocytes due to a chronic @entity167 uptake were significantly suppressed by co-administration of EM-CFs. These results indicate that although the administration of CFs can alleviate @entity5881 through preventing excessive lipid formation, protecting the antioxidant system and suppressing induction of @entity32 in hepatocytes, their effectiveness can be further improved by glycosylation and de-rhamnosylation.

title: Enzymatic modification enhances the protective activity of citrus @entity3088 against XXXX -induced liver disease.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'Alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity51795 :: ('MESH:C500601', 'Chemical') :: ['narirutin']

entities_list: @entity35085 :: ('MESH:D006569', 'Chemical') :: ['Hesperidin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatocellular injury']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: We report a rare case demonstrating the relationship between secondary @entity2783 . A 59-year-old female with high fever was referred to our hospital. Laboratory tests revealed @entity101 , @entity1712 and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Endoscopic examination of the stomach and colon revealed @entity527 in their mucosa. The @entity1 showed no symptoms that suggested @entity2783 . No other organs or tissues were surveyed for @entity527 . Ga scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested necrotic @entity166 of the uterus, which was considered to be the cause of the fever. The @entity1 underwent total hysterectomy. The histological diagnosis of the mass revealed a low-grade @entity1822 with @entity39 . @entity356 disappeared 1 year after the operation. In this case, @entity527 was detected by endoscopic biopsy before clinical manifestations. The deposition was reversible and was successfully treated. Thus, it is logical and useful to undertake endoscopic mucosa biopsy to check for @entity527 in @entity1 with systemic @entity32 , whose serum amyloid A protein level has been high for several months. In addition, peripheral @entity1712 was also detected in this case. Although @entity1712 associated with @entity5 has been recognized, it is an uncommon occurrence.

title: XXXX and @entity1712 in a @entity1 with @entity1822 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased white blood cells']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis and uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposits in the gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['Secondary amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variability of @entity4538 ) genes counteracting immune responses is poorly investigated in non-cultured clinical strains. OBJECTIVES: In HCMV-infected renal graft recipients, we aimed to (i) investigate the variability of four HCMV immunomodulatory genes, without any culture-related viral selection, (ii) provide evolutionary sequence data, and (iii) study co-existing HCMV variants and their evolution. STUDY DESIGN: @entity56621 , @entity56622 , @entity56623 and @entity56624 were sequenced in 31 blood samples from 17 @entity1 (8 with sequential samples). Cloning of @entity56622 PCR products was performed in one donor-positive/recipient-positive (D+/R+) @entity1 's samples. RESULTS: Each @entity1 harboured a unique strain (combination of four genes), however single identical genes were demonstrated among various @entity1 , suggesting recombination events. Sequencing showed in D+/R- recipients, either complete gene stability (four @entity1 ) or significant variability (one @entity1 ); in three D+/R+ @entity1 , multiple gene variations, possibly linked to super- or @entity325 . Cloning evidenced different variants at each time point with an increasing variability over time, illustrating possibly viral reactivations and the subsequent evolution of the variants mixture. CONCLUSION: A noticeable HCMV natural polymorphism was shown, with different evolutive patterns. Moreover, we described the co-evolution of variants mixtures in one @entity1 . Consequences on HCMV infection and graft function deserve further studying.

title: Variability of @entity56621 , @entity56622 , @entity56623 and XXXX immunomodulatory genes among @entity4538 clinical isolates from renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections']

answer: @entity56624 :: (3077532(Tax:10359),Gene) :: ['US3']


abstract: It is clinically important to diagnose @entity3949 at the early stage. In this study, the toneentropy analysis of electrocardiogram was applied to @entity6 @entity1 to evaluate its usability in the screening of @entity3949 . Consecutive 102 @entity6 @entity1 were invited to the study. Electrocardiogram was obtained and analyzed for the tone and the entropy using an original software developed previously. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was examined on the median, the posterior tibial and the sural nerves. @entity1 were divided into quartile subpopulations according to the NCVs in the analysis. Both the tone and the entropy significantly correlated with NCVs, while coefficient of variation in R-R intervals did not show a significant correlation. The correlation was most significant between the entropy and the NCV on the sural nerve. When a multivariate analysis (ordinary regression) was applied to examine independent effects of the factors influencing the NCV on the sural nerve, the entropy was the most potent independent factor (beta = 1.14 +/- 0.32, P = 0.0004) along with sex (beta = 0.43 +/- 0.19, P = 0.02) and BMI (beta = 0.11 +/- 0.05, P = 0.04). The tone-entropy analysis on electrocardiogram may be a promising non-invasive screening method for @entity3949 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX using the tone-entropy analysis, a noninvasive method to estimate the autonomic nervous function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']