abstract: We used fibrin clot (FC) as a carrier of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) to provide a novel therapy for @entity1 with serious @entity3483 . After evacuating the pleural fluid, we enhanced an "FC- @entity734 " formation in the pleural cavity of the @entity1 to prevent this kind of effusion from reaccumulating. In an attempt to enhance FC- @entity734 formation, we used two different procedures; either, fibrinogen/ @entity734 /G.T.XIII (procedure I) or fibrin glue/ @entity734 (procedure II). G.T.XIII is our newly devised compound drug, composed of biodegradable gelatin (G), @entity556 (T) and a @entity1003 factor XIII (XIII). This therapy was termed "Bio-Adhesio-Chemo (BAC) therapy." We conducted BAC therapy 52 times on 44 @entity1 using procedure I and 4 times on 4 @entity1 using procedure II. Complete remission of the effusion was obtained, overall, in 83%, partial remission in 17%, and no non-effective case. The improvement of PS of the @entity1 treated was 73%. Nineteen @entity1 could be discharged with this therapy. Toxic effects with BAC therapy were within Grade 2 in all cases. We could favorably enhance FC- @entity734 formation, in every case, by both procedure I and II. BAC therapy is very promising as a novel cancer chemopleurodesis for @entity1 with @entity3483 .

title: [Locoregional therapy in XXXX with @entity3483 --two different types of "BAC therapy"].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'anticancer drug']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the comorbidity of severe @entity1032 with sexual offending in @entity1 . METHOD: A case-control design was used to investigate @entity146 and sexual offending. Data were obtained from Swedish national registers for crime, hospital discharge diagnoses (based on International Classification of Diseases revisions 9 and 10), demographic, and socioeconomic factors for the years 1988 through 2000. All male sexual offenders (N = 8495) in Sweden were included and compared with a random sample of male controls taken from the general population (N = 19,935). The population attributable risk fraction (the proportion of all sexual crimes throughout the study period that were committed by @entity1 with a history of @entity146 ) was also estimated. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic confounders, sexual offenders were 6 times more likely to have a history of @entity146 compared with the general population (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 5.7 to 6.9). Sexual offenders were significantly more likely to have a severe @entity1032 than the general population, whether this was @entity161 (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 3.4 to 6.7), other @entity914 (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 3.9 to 6.8), or @entity162 (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.8 to 6.4). The proportion of all sexual crimes committed by hospitalized @entity146 @entity1 (the population attributable risk fraction) was 20.1%. CONCLUSION: The increased relative risk of @entity146 and severe @entity1032 in sexual offenders is contrary to much expert opinion in the field. If these findings are replicated in other settings, policies in the criminal justice system regarding the assessment, management, and treatment of sexual offenders may need review.

title: Severe XXXX and risk of sexual offending in @entity1 : a case-control study based on Swedish national registers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric hospitalization', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive neurodegeneration in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) induces @entity73 , and there is controversy regarding the optimal treatment strategy in early @entity195 . Stimulation therapy, including physical exercise and cholinesterase inhibitors are both reported to postpone @entity73 in separate studies. We aimed to study the effect of stimulation therapy and the additional effect of @entity8124 on cognitive function in early @entity195 . METHOD:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">A two-by-two factorial trial comprising stimulation therapy for one year compared to standard care to which a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial with @entity8124 was added. SETTING: Nine rural municipalities in Northern Norway. @entity1 : 187 @entity1 65 years and older with a recent diagnosis of mild or moderate @entity195 were included in the study of which 146 completed a one-year follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: In five municipalities the @entity1 received stimulation therapy whereas @entity1 in four received standard care. All @entity1 were randomised double-blindly to @entity8124 or placebo and tested with three different cognitive tests four times during the one-year study period. MAIN OUTCOME: Changes in MMSE sum score.Secondary outcome: Changes in @entity11509 -Cog and Clock Drawing Test. RESULTS: MMSE scores remained unchanged amongst @entity195 @entity1 receiving stimulation therapy and those receiving standard care. The results were consistent for @entity11509 -Cog and Clock Drawing Test. No time trend differences were found during one-year follow-up between groups receiving stimulation therapy versus standard care or between @entity8124 versus placebo. CONCLUSION: In rural @entity195 @entity1 non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy did not improve outcome compared with standard care but all groups retained cognitive function during one year follow-up. Other studies are needed to confirm these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT00443014). EudraCT database (no 2004-002613-37).

title: The effect of stimulation therapy and @entity8124 on cognitive function in XXXX . A community based RCT with a two-by-two factorial design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Panax notoginseng (PN) on pathological features in @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) @entity95 and its mechanisms. METHODS: A stable pathological animal model similar to @entity6087 in @entity1 could be established using subdural injections of small number of blood through a subdural pre-catheter in @entity95 . After successful modeling, 18 @entity95 were randomly divided into the model group, the low dose PN group (0.125 g/kg), and the high dose PN group (0.250 g/kg), 6 in each group. Normal saline was given to @entity95 in the model group, while PN power was given to those in the PN groups by gastrogavage for 6 successive days. Pathologic features of the @entity1410 outer membrane were observed by HE staining. The activity of SOD and the content of @entity1865 in the @entity1410 outer membrane were examined by the colorimetric method. Expressions of CD31, @entity100 , and @entity94 in the @entity1410 outer membrane were observed by immunohistochemical assay. Expressions of @entity94 in the peripheral blood and the @entity3439 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the @entity1410 outer membrane were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the inflammatory reaction was comparatively lessen and the proliferation of the fibrous tissue was relatively mature in the low and high dose PN groups. The activity of SOD increased (P < 0.05); expressions of CD31 and @entity100 were reduced (P < 0.01); @entity94 expression in the residual @entity1410 fluid decreased (P < 0.05) in the high dose PN group. Expressions of @entity94 and VEGFR-2 were all reduced in the high and low dose PN groups (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose PN group, expressions of CD31 and @entity100 were reduced (P < 0.01), and the VEGFR-2 expression was also reduced (P < 0.05) in the high dose PN group. CONCLUSIONS: PN could promote the fibrous repairing of @entity3439 in @entity6087 @entity95 . It also lessened @entity32 and oxidative injury of the @entity1410 outer membrane and reduced expressions of @entity94 . The pathological angiogenesis could be reduced through influencing VEGFR-2 receptor pathways, which might be an important mechanism.

title: [Effect of panax notoginseng powder on pathological features and expressions of @entity94 and its receptors of @entity6087 XXXX : an experimental study].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['CSDH', 'chronic subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: We studied the effect of @entity18325 on the intestinal fluid secretion induced by @entity750 and cholera toxin in @entity35 . 1) Net fluid secretion was increased dose-dependently by intramesenteric artery infusion of @entity750 (1-10 micrograms/min). 2) @entity18325 (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by @entity750 (3 micrograms/min). Granisetron and @entity3974 also inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by @entity750 . 3) @entity3858 did not inhibit the fluid secretion, and neither @entity3897 nor @entity1022 inhibited it. 4) Cholera toxin (1-10 micrograms/2 ml into jejunal loops) caused profuse net fluid secretion. 5) @entity18325 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin (3 micrograms/2 ml). @entity10442 was inhibitory and ondansetron tended to inhibit the cholera toxin-induced secretion. These results suggest that @entity750 may increase the net fluid secretion through 5-HT3 receptors, and cholera toxin-induced fluid secretion may be at least partially mediated by 5-HT3 receptors. It is expected that @entity18325 may be useful for treating @entity11803 in @entity1 .

title: [Effect of XXXX , a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on the intestinal fluid secretion in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['Methysergide']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['Granisetron']

entities_list: @entity11803 :: ('MESH:C536210', 'Disease') :: ['secretory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity18325 :: (MESH:C070671,Chemical) :: ['Y-25130']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the possible specific response to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolysis of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) @entity64 . BACKGROUND: Outcome and response after rtPA thrombolysis are possibly better in small-vessel @entity1188 , but a specific study of @entity6128 has not yet been performed. METHODS: The authors proposed an open trial of IV rtPA within 7 hours in @entity1 age 20 and 81 years with all types of internal carotid artery @entity64 if the baseline Scandinavian @entity64 Scale (SSS) score was less than 48. A dose of rtPA 0.8 mg/kg was infused over 90 minutes. Of 114 consecutive @entity1 , 9 @entity1 (7.9%) exhibited @entity6152 in the AChA territory on day 1 brain CT. RESULTS: Seven of nine @entity1 with AChA @entity1188 had a primary early recovery within 6 hours after the initiation of rtPA infusion. In addition, recovery was complete in five @entity1 and partial in two @entity1 . No @entity1779 was observed. Three @entity1 had a " @entity751 " at 12, 25, and 48 hours respectively. However, in the two latter @entity1 treated with IV heparin, the @entity51 disappeared again with the increase of heparin dose in one @entity1 and disappeared spontaneously in the other @entity1 . The overall outcome at day 90 was six total recoveries in nine @entity1 (66%). @entity1 with a final good outcome had a slight "unstructured" @entity6152 in the AChA territory on day 1 brain CT, whereas @entity1 with a bad outcome had the classic "structured" @entity6152 of AChA @entity64 . CONCLUSION: These data support a specific quick response of AChA @entity64 to IV rtPA thrombolysis, probably due to the small size of the artery and of the "clot." The high frequency of the @entity751 is a clinical fact that is difficult to explain. Efficient heparin treatment after 24 hours may control the @entity751 in some @entity1 .

title: rtPA intravenous thrombolysis in anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'territory stroke']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['AChA stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['reinfarct syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['choroidal artery territory stroke']


abstract: @entity1 @entity746 ( @entity746 ), a typical @entity4681 , is characterized pathologically by selective degenerative loss of motoneurons in the CNS. We have demonstrated significant reductions of neurotransmitter-related factors, such as @entity934 -( @entity1617 )-synthesizing enzyme activity and @entity2227 and @entity492 contents in the @entity746 , compared to the non- @entity746 spinal cord obtained at autopsy. We have also shown considerable reductions in activities of cytochrome-c oxidase (CO), an enzyme contributing to aerobic energy production, and transglutaminase (TG), a @entity141 -dependent marker enzyme for @entity528 , in the @entity746 spinal cord. We found marked increases in fragmented @entity538 ( @entity538 ), a filamentous protein specifically associated with reactive astrocytes, in the @entity746 spinal cord relative to non- @entity746 tissue. These biochemical results corresponded well to pathomor-phological @entity528 and reactive proliferation of astroglial components in the @entity746 spinal cord tissue. However, these results only indicate the final pathological and biochemical outcomes of @entity746 , and it is difficult to follow up cause and process in the @entity746 spinal cord during progression of the disease. Therefore, we used an animal model closely resembling @entity1 @entity746 , motor @entity528 (Mnd) mutant @entity19 , a subline of C57BL/6 that shows late-onset progressive @entity528 with @entity11583 around 6.5 mo of age, to follow the biochemical and pathological alterations during postnatal development. We detected significant decreases in CO activity during early development and in activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, in later stages in Mnd mutant spinal cord tissue. TG activity in the Mnd spinal cord showed gradual increases during early development reaching a maximum at 5 mo, and then tending to decrease thereafter. Amounts of fragmented GFAPs increased continuously during postnatal development in Mnd spinal cord. These biochemical changes were observed prior to the appearance of clinical motor dysfunctions in the Mnd mutant @entity19 . Such biochemical analyses using appropriate animal models will be useful for inferring the origin and progression of @entity1 @entity746 .

title: Neurochemical changes in the spinal cord in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic gait beginning']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration', 'neuronal degenerative loss', 'degeneration of lower motor neurons', 'tissue degeneration']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['degenerative motor neuron diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term success, recurrence, and complication rate of @entity4548 surgery using the lateral tarsal strip and everting sutures when performed by surgeons in training (resident or fellow) and specialist oculoplastic surgeons (attending supervising physician). DESIGN: Prospective, interventional, comparative, clinical case series. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 with @entity4548 . METHODS: Lateral tarsal strip and everting sutures (LTS+ES) by residents, fellows, or attending supervising physician. A minimum of 12 months of postoperative follow-up was required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' symptoms and clinical examination to confirm a normal eyelid position (no entropion or secondary ectropion) at rest and with forced orbicularis contraction with the topical @entity6513 ( @entity6513 ) test. This test is described. RESULTS: Fifty-five consecutive @entity1 , aged 57 to 91 years (mean, 77 years) underwent LTS+ES surgery on 62 eyelids. Surgery was performed by a consultant ophthalmic oculoplastic surgeon (attending supervising physician) in 8 eyelids and by 20 different trainees, residents, and fellows in 54 eyelids. Six @entity1 died (11%) within 6 months of surgery and 2 @entity1 (3.5%) were lost to follow-up, resulting in 47 evaluable @entity1 (54 eyelids). The follow-up period was 12 to 34 months (mean, 18 months). Fifty-three of 54 eyelids (98%) had a successful outcome with no recurrence. The surgery was effective when performed by different grades of surgeon (P>0.4). CONCLUSIONS: The LTS+ES is a simple operation for the correction of @entity4548 that can be performed effectively by both residents and fellows.

title: Simple effective surgery for XXXX suitable for the general ophthalmologist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['involutional entropion']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['amethocaine', 'tetracaine']

answer: @entity4548 :: (MESH:D004774,Disease) :: ['involutional entropion']


abstract: Development and progression of @entity150 is driven by an accumulation of genetic alterations. Most previous molecular and cytogenetic analyses of @entity150 were focused on advanced @entity5 stages. To learn more about molecular cytogenetic changes in early @entity150 stages we analyzed 56 superficial @entity189 of the urinary bladder by @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ). @entity8625 is based on the simultaneous hybridization of differentially labeled @entity5 and normal DNA's to normal metaphase chromosomes. @entity8625 allows the detection of all DNA sequence copy number changes (deletions, DNA sequence copy number gains, amplifications) of a @entity5 in one examination. Deletions were most frequently found at 9q (20 of 56 @entity1 ; 36%), chromosome Y (15 of 43 male @entity1 ; 35%), 9p (28%), 11q (16%), 11p (13%), and 10q (11%). DNA sequence copy number gains were most prevalent at 1q (34%), 8q (22%), 17q (15%), 20q (13%), and 12q (11%). There was a significant increase in the number of aberrations with @entity5 stage (pTa vs. @entity2558 ; p = 0.0003) and histologic grade (p = 0.0001). Several specific alterations were significantly more frequent in @entity2558 than in pTa @entity5 including deletions at 2q, 8p, and 11p as well as gains at 1q, 3p, 3q, 5p, 6p, 8q, and 10p. These loci are candidates for carrying genes involved in invasive @entity5 growth in @entity150 . Overall, these data show that marked genetic differences exist between pTa and papillary @entity2558 @entity150 . This challenges the concept of grouping these @entity5 together in one group as "superficial @entity150 ".

title: [Rudolf Virchow Prize 1997. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of superficial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'comparative genomic hybridization']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer of the bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy-assisted combined radical resection for @entity356 in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical data of two elderly @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy-assisted combined radical resection for @entity356 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The two cases were 78 and 75 years old respectively. Both were complicated with many medical conditions. One case suffered from @entity5 in the gastric body and stage IB @entity5 , and the other suffered from @entity5 and stage IB @entity5 . Both cases had received laparoscopy-assisted combined radical resection for @entity356 , with 5 cm of incision. The operative time was 260 and 255 min and the @entity954 was 60 and 80 ml respectively. No complication occurred intraoperatively. Time to resume oral intake was 4 and 5 days and length of postoperative hospital stay was 13 and 14 days respectively. No @entity260 occurred. The @entity1 were followed up for 13 and 12 months and no postoperative recurrence or @entity3 was noticed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy-assisted combined radical resection for elderly @entity356 is safe and feasible when performed by surgeons with plentiful experience in laparoscopic technology, and associated with @entity130 and faster recovery.

title: [Laparoscopy-assisted combined radical resection for XXXX in elderly @entity1 : report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II cancer', 'stage IIIA gastric cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous rectal and gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['less injury']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['synchronous rectal and gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peak particle diameter (diameter of the predominant LDL subclass) in relation to changes in serum @entity412 concentration during successive stages of normal gestation and postpartum. METHODS: Nonfasting venous blood was obtained longitudinally during and after uncomplicated primiparous pregnancy from 10 nonsmoking @entity1 with no history of @entity209 . Plasma LDL diameter was determined by nondenaturing @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Serum concentrations of total @entity165 , @entity412 , @entity755 , @entity1675 , and LDL- @entity165 were measured. Gestational changes were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the paired multiple comparison Student-Newman-Keuls test. Pearson coefficients were computed for correlation of serum lipids and LDL diameter. RESULTS: Low-density lipoprotein diameter decreased progressively with advancing gestation, evident by 16-20 weeks relative to 5-12 weeks. Seven of 10 cases were subclass pattern B (diameter less than 255 A) by term, indicating that small, dense particles predominated. The average diameter decrease from early to late gestation was 13 A. All subjects reverted to subclass pattern A (diameter 255 A or more) by 6-12 weeks postpartum, indicating prevalence of large, buoyant LDL. Low-density lipoprotein diameter correlated inversely with concentrations of serum @entity412 (r = -.61, P < .0001), apo B (r = -.66, P < .0001), @entity165 (r = -.53, P < .001), LDL @entity165 (r = -.45, P < .005), and apo A-I (r = -.39, P < .02). CONCLUSION: Gestational @entity412 increases are accompanied by progressive decreases in LDL diameter in a majority of cases. These changes undergo reversal postpartum and therefore are transient. Small, dense LDL particles have a number of properties capable of altering vascular function. However, the consequences of the gestational LDL size decrease for maternal and fetal metabolism remain unknown.

title: Low-density lipoprotein particle size decreases during normal pregnancy in association with XXXX increases.

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: @entity1 gestational trophoblastic neoplasms overexpress hCG/LH receptors. Whether this overexpression is a reflection of a loss of self-regulation of hCG biosynthesis was investigated using JAR @entity1 @entity1466 cells. The results show that exogenous hCG did not affect steady state @entity3507 and @entity7807 mRNA or dimer hCG protein levels in JAR cells. The JAR cells, however, responded to @entity5987 with an increase in @entity3507 mRNA levels, suggesting that @entity268 -mediated regulation of the hCG subunit genes was intact in the cells. Disruption of receptor function by a receptor antibody, which resulted in an increase in @entity3507 mRNA levels and hCG secretion in normal trophoblasts, had no effect on JAR cells. Unlike normal trophoblasts, which contain a predominant receptor transcript of 1.8 kilobases (kb), with minor higher molecular size (7.5 and 5.4 kb) transcripts occasionally seen, JAR cells contain a higher abundance of multiple transcripts (7.5, 5.4, 3.5, and 1.8 kb), with the predominant transcript being 5.4 kb. In addition, although normal trophoblasts contain an 80-kilodalton receptor protein, JAR cells contain only a 50-kilodalton hCG/LH receptor isoform. In contrast to the effects of exogenous hCG on normal placental tissue in vitro, it was unable to down-regulate receptor transcripts or receptor protein in JAR cells. In summary, JAR cells lack the ability to self-regulate hCG biosynthesis. This loss could explain how hCG can reach very high levels in @entity1469 compared to those in normal pregnancy.

title: Lack of self-regulation of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin biosynthesis in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) induces bronchoconstriction only in asthmatics, but the mechanism underlying the response is not fully understood. We recently showed that bronchoconstriction occurs immediately after UNDW is inhaled 20min after an aerosolized antigen challenge in passively sensitized @entity840 . OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the role of @entity4756 in this response. METHODS: Passively sensitized animals were anaesthetized and artificially ventilated, and changes in pressure at the airway opening (Pao) were measured as an overall index of airway narrowing. A tachykinin NK1 and @entity10125 dual receptor antagonist, @entity43878 , and a @entity4756 NK1 selective antagonist, @entity46269 , were intravenously administered 15 min after the antigen challenge. The effects of @entity2951 desensitization and a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, @entity10743 , were also examined. RESULTS: @entity43878 and @entity46269 significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) reduced the time course curve of the increase in Pao caused by UNDW inhalation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage increase in Pao from the preantigen challenge value at 1 min after the UNDW inhalation was 267.4+/-17.1, 358.0+/-33.7 and 412.4+/-27.6% with 10 mg/kg of @entity43878 , 1.0 mg/kg of @entity43878 and vehicle, respectively, (P<0.01 between 10 mg/kg of @entity43878 and vehicle) and the value was 254.4+/-48.5% with 10 mg/kg of @entity46269 , 327.1+/-57.6% with 1.0 mg/kg of @entity46269 and 418.5+/-39.0% with vehicle, respectively (P < 0.05 between 10 mg/kg of @entity46269 and vehicle). The @entity2951 desensitization, but not @entity10743 , significantly reduced the UNDW-induced increase in Pao. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity4756 , at least substance P, are involved in a part of the UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction in our @entity840 model.

title: Role of XXXX in distilled water-induced bronchoconstriction in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity10743 :: ('MESH:C008890', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoramidon']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinins']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is gaining acceptance as an effective and safe alternative to open splenectomy (OS) in the treatment of benign @entity1503 unresponsive to medical treatment. Among these disorders, the most important is @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). @entity1 AND METHOD: We compared a cohort of 20 @entity1 who had undergone LS in the previous 7 years, with a historical cohort of 38 @entity1 who underwent OS between 1985 and 1999. All @entity1 in the two groups were diagnosed with @entity3039 unresponsive to medical treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 41 years in the LS group and 39.7 in the OS group. Mean spleen size and weight were 11 cm and 150 g in the LS group and 9.9 cm and 190 g in the OS group. Preoperative platelet count was 78 x 10(9) in the LS group and 69 x 10(9) in the OS group. @entity4559 were detected in 15% of @entity1 in the LS group and in 16% of those in the OS group. The mean operative time was 180 minutes in LS and 85 minutes in OS (p < 0.001). The complications rate was 25% in LS and 21% in OS. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 days in the LS group and 9.4 days in the OS group (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in early and complete long-term remission. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with OS, @entity8433 requires a longer operative time and reduces hospital stay. Detection of accessory spleens, complication rates, and effectiveness in terms of early and long-term remission are similar in both procedures. In our opinion, @entity8433 should be considered the procedure of choice for the treatment of benign @entity1503 unresponsive to medical therapy.

title: [Laparoscopic vs open splenectomy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['Accessory spleens']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5100 ) is synthesized in the normal brain of adult @entity1 predominantly in the choroid plexus and meninges and is secreted in the cerebrospinal fluid. The authors measured @entity5100 transcripts and peptides in biopsy specimens from @entity1 @entity5 including @entity816 , @entity463 , and @entity1653 . METHODS: The presence of @entity5100 mRNA was analyzed in 12 @entity1 @entity1313 by Northern analysis of total RNA extracted from @entity5 biopsies and by in situ hybridization of tissue sections. The amount of immunoreactive @entity5100 was determined by radioimmunoassay of @entity5 extracts. RESULTS: Northern analysis of RNA from four @entity1653 showed @entity5100 mRNA of 6.0, 4.8, and 2.2 kb, and in situ hybridization revealed that @entity5 cells contained @entity5100 mRNA. In contrast, biopsy specimens from four @entity816 , one @entity816 , and four @entity463 showed no @entity5100 mRNA. Radioimmunoassay of @entity5100 in @entity5 extracts showed that all @entity5 contained @entity5100 (40-160 ng/g tissue). Two @entity1653 contained the highest amounts of @entity5100 (144 and 160 ng/g tissue). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5100 mRNA is present in higher amounts in @entity1653 than in malignant @entity463 and @entity816 , whereas the content of immunoreactive @entity5100 is similar. On the basis of these findings, the authors believe that @entity5100 may be involved in growth regulation of @entity1653 .

title: Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor II in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'meningioma tumor', 'tumors', 'intracranial tumors']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II', 'IGF-II']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['benign meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines differences in computer-related self-efficacy and @entity148 in subgroups of older adults, and changes in those measures after exposure to a systematic training program and subsequent computer use. METHODS: @entity1 were volunteers in the Intelligent Systems for Assessment of Aging Changes study (ISAAC) carried out by the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology. @entity1 were administered two questionnaires before training and again 1 year later, which were related to computer self-efficacy and @entity148 . Continuous recording of computer use was also assessed for a subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: Baseline comparisons by sex, age, education, living arrangement, and computer proficiency, but not cognitive status, yielded significant differences in confidence and @entity148 related to specific aspects of computer use. At 1-year follow-up, @entity1 reported less @entity148 and greater confidence. However, the benefits of training and exposure varied by group and task. Comparisons based on cognitive status showed that the cognitively intact @entity1 benefited more from training and/or experience with computers than did @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), who after 1 year continued to report less confidence and more @entity148 regarding certain aspects of computer use. CONCLUSION: After 1 year of consistent computer use, cognitively intact @entity1 in this study reported reduced levels of @entity148 and increased self-confidence in their ability to perform specific computer tasks. @entity1 with @entity73 at baseline were less likely to demonstrate increased efficacy or confidence than their cognitively intact counterparts.

title: Computer-related self-efficacy and XXXX in older adults with and without @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of perioperative use of @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) on outcomes for older @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective investigation. SETTING: @entity1 from a single tertiary medical center. @entity1 : A total of 505 @entity1 (>= 65 years old) who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or valve surgery. CABG and/or valve surgery plus other procedures were divided into 2 groups: 283 received intravenous @entity9170 infusion ( @entity9170 group) and 222 did not (Non- @entity9170 group). INTERVENTIONS: Perioperative @entity9170 intravenous infusion (0.24 to 0.6  g/kg/h) initiated after cardiopulmonary bypass and continued for<24 hours postoperatively in the ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were risk adjusted, propensity score weighted, and multivariate logistic regression was used. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included @entity64 , @entity772 , @entity583 , @entity616 , @entity1167 , @entity933 , @entity177 , and @entity295 . Perioperative @entity9170 infusion significantly decreased in-hospital mortality (0.90% v 2.83%; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.099; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.030-0.324; p = 0.004) and operative mortality (1.35% v 3.18%; adjusted OR, 0.251; 95% CI, 0.077-0.813; p = 0.021). Perioperative @entity9170 treatment also reduced the risk of @entity64 (0.90% v 1.77%; adjusted OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.038-0.590; p = 0.007), and @entity933 (7.21% v 10.95%; adjusted OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.212-0.578; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01683448) suggested perioperative use of @entity6948 was associated with decreases in in-hospital and operative mortality in elderly @entity1 following cardiac surgery. It also reduced incidences of @entity64 and @entity933 in elderly @entity1 .

title: The Effect of @entity6948 on Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery in Elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4823 (GLS) is an endogenous @entity50314 . It is used as a disease-modifying agent for the treatment of @entity571 . There is no information regarding its use in pregnancy. Our objective was to determine whether GLS treatment in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of major @entity600 or other adverse outcomes. METHODS: Pregnant @entity1 were recruited from The Motherisk Program at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Toronto, Canada. @entity1 exposed to GLS were compared with @entity1 exposed to nonteratogenic agents. They were matched for gestational age at time of call, maternal age, and cigarette and @entity167 consumption. Rates of major @entity600 and other end points of interest were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: We were able to ascertain the outcomes of 54 @entity1 who used GLS during pregnancy (34 during organogenesis). There were 50 live births (two sets of twins), 4 spontaneous abortions, 1 therapeutic abortion, and 1 stillbirth, with no major @entity600 . The mean birth weight was 3524 +/- 482 g, and the median gestational age at birth was 39 weeks (range 37-40). CONCLUSIONS: These limited data suggest no increased risk for major @entity600 or other adverse fetal effects following the use of GLS during pregnancy.

title: XXXX use in pregnancy: an evaluation of pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Children', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity50314 :: ('CHEBI:60926', 'Chemical') :: ['aminomonosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity4823 :: (MESH:D005944,Chemical) :: ['Glucosamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of analgesic interventions in @entity1 with @entity174 presenting to a pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to explore the relationship between timely interventions and severity of injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Structured chart reviews were conducted on all eligible cases of acute supracondylar humerus @entity174 presenting to a single pediatric @entity341 over a 5-year period ending in December 2009. Two interventions were studied: administration of a systemic analgesic and placement of an immobilizing backslab. Criteria for timeliness were administration of an analgesic within 30 minutes from triage and placement of a backslab before radiography. Cases were dichotomized as nonsevere or severe based on whether the @entity174 was treated with casting alone or with another orthopedic intervention (closed reduction in the @entity341 or any procedure in the operating room). RESULTS: Of 160 eligible cases, 116 were classified as nonsevere and 44 as severe. The proportions receiving a timely analgesic were 3% and 11%, respectively, in these groups (P = 0.04 for difference). For backslab application, 16% and 61% received timely treatment in the nonsevere and severe groups, respectively (P = 0.000 for difference). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting to a pediatric @entity341 with a @entity158 had low access to early systemic analgesics and backslab immobilization. Many factors may have played a role, including lack of mandated documentation of a formal @entity158 score and lack of a medical directive allowing triage nurses to administer analgesics in the institution studied.

title: Poor access to @entity158 reduction interventions for pediatric XXXX with supracondylar humerus @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'acute supracondylar fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Biphasic waveform defibrillation is not always more efficacious than monophasic waveform defibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Waveform efficacy appears to vary with the lead system used. In this prospective, randomized study, defibrillation efficacy with biphasic and monophasic single capacitor 120-microF, 65% tilt pulses was compared for a lead system consisting of right ventricular (RV), @entity764 ( @entity764 ), and superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) electrodes. Although this lead system is commonly used with monophasic pulses in transvenous defibrillators, few studies have examined the defibrillation efficacy of this lead system in @entity1 for biphasic waveform defibrillation. Fourteen @entity1167 survivors undergoing defibrillator implantation were included in the study using pulses delivered from a cathodal RV electrode simultaneously to anodal @entity6480 and @entity764 electrodes. Biphasic and monophasic waveforms were recorded oscilloscopically to acquire defibrillation threshold (DFT) data on leading edge voltage requirements and for stored energy. The monophasic DFT voltage was 661 +/- 177 V compared to the biphasic DFT voltage of 451 +/- 185 V (P < 0.0001). The monophasic DFT stored energy was 28.0 +/- 13.4 J compared to the biphasic DFT stored energy of 14.1 +/- 12.4 J (P < 0.0001). The stored energy DFT was < or = 15 J in only 2 of 14 @entity1 (15%) with monophasic defibrillation but < or = 15 J in 10 of 14 (71%) @entity1 with biphasic defibrillation. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that biphasic defibrillation with an RV, @entity6480 , @entity764 transvenous electrode system is substantially more efficient than monophasic defibrillation, allowing for higher numbers of @entity1 to receive transvenous defibrillators with a relatively simple lead system at a satisfactory cutoff DFT safety margin of 15 J.

title: Biphasic waveform defibrillation using a three-electrode transvenous lead system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chest patch']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity204 ( @entity204 ) is a major physiologic pathway that regulates T cell homeostasis. In @entity404 T cells, @entity204 is mediated mainly through Fas/ @entity12 interactions. Although TCR occupancy triggers @entity204 , the contribution of its tightly associated @entity404 coreceptor to the process that leads to @entity204 is not known. Here we show that @entity404 molecule plays an essential regulatory role of TCR dependent @entity204 . Loss of @entity404 rendered activated 5kc T cell hybridoma resistant to @entity204 . The resistance of @entity404 negative 5kc T cells to @entity204 was due to selective inhibition of @entity12 expression and it could be reversed by addition of recombinant @entity12 . Furthermore, a direct functional link between @entity404 and @entity12 was demonstrated by induction of @entity12 upon @entity404 crosslinking in a TCR independent fashion. The importance of @entity404 interaction with MHC/peptide complex in mediating @entity204 was also evident in normal T cells that could survive chronic stimulation with anti-CD3 but died after short period of proliferation after stimulation with MHC/peptide. Thus it appears that @entity204 is controlled by the @entity404 molecule via regulation of @entity12 expression. These findings have important implications for our understanding of mechanisms of peripheral tolerance as well as pathogenesis of @entity792 .

title: Antigen-induced T cell death is regulated by XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Activation induced cell death', 'AICD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 often exhibit widespread clinical @entity158 , as well as greater sensitivity to experimental @entity158 than @entity158 -free controls, suggesting a role of central pathophysiologic mechanisms in @entity2956 . Moreover, @entity2956 is more prevalent among @entity1 , which may be related to the higher sensitivity of @entity1 to experimental @entity158 . @entity1 also exhibit greater temporal summation of @entity158 compared to @entity1 . Temporal summation, the increase in @entity158 intensity upon repetitive noxious stimulation of constant intensity, at a high frequency is centrally mediated. Thus, greater temporal summation in @entity1 indicates that their central nociceptive processing is upregulated compared to @entity1 . Recent studies in our research center sought further evidence for upregulation of central nociceptive processing in females compared to males and in @entity2956 @entity1 compared to healthy controls, assessing group differences in temporal summation of mechanically evoked @entity158 , and aftersensations following repetitive noxious stimulation. Sixteen series of 10 repetitive, sharp, mechanical stimuli were applied to the fingers of 25 female @entity2956 @entity1 , 25 healthy @entity1 , and 25 healthy @entity1 , with a computer-controlled small probe. All subjects rated the @entity158 intensity or the unpleasantness evoked by the 1st, 5th and 10th stimulus in the series, and the aftersensations 15 s and 1 min after the last stimulus on visual-analog scales. @entity2956 @entity1 exhibited greater temporal summation of @entity158 and unpleasantness, stronger aftersensations, and more frequent painful aftersensations than controls. Healthy females showed greater temporal summation of @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness, higher intensity and unpleasantness of aftersensations, and more frequent painful aftersensations than males. Greater temporal summation of @entity158 and aftersensations from digital stimulation of @entity2956 @entity1 than controls suggest a generalized hyperexcitability of the central nociceptive system in this @entity1 group. Such hyperexcitability may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of chronic @entity2531 . Moreover, greater temporal summation of @entity158 and aftersensations in healthy females than males indicate that their central processing of nociceptive input may be more easily upregulated into pathological hyperexcitability, possibly accounting for the predominance of @entity2956 among @entity1 .

title: Why look in the brain for answers to @entity2956 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'heat pain']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular disorder', 'TMD']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: In a review of 1895 @entity1 admitted with @entity788 during a 4-year period, 241 (12.7%) were identified as having @entity9007 . The majority of these were treated without operation, but 59 @entity1 (24.5%) needed surgical intervention because of persistence (17 cases) or development of complications ( @entity253 in 16, @entity281 in 12, @entity9727 in ten and @entity548 in four). Most cysts (68%) resulted from @entity167 -related chronic @entity788 . Blunt @entity1661 was the cause in three. Operations included internal drainage in 35 (cystogastrostomy in 23, cystojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y in ten and cystoduodenostomy in two), external drainage in 20, pancreatic resection in two, and gastroenteric or bilioenteric bypass in ten. There were six postoperative deaths (10.2%), one after internal drainage (3%) and 5 (25%) after external drainage (P < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Pseudocyst decompression failed to relieve @entity253 in half of the @entity1 and biliary-enteric @entity254 was necessary because of a stricture in the distal bile duct. Massive bleeding from pseudocyst-related false @entity439 was successfully controlled by transcatheter angiographic embolization in four @entity1 . During 1-5 years' follow-up, 24 of the 53 surviving @entity1 (45%) were readmitted with @entity788 and three of these died. Pseudocysts recurred in three @entity1 , with spontaneous resolution in two and need for operation in one. It is concluded that operative treatment of @entity532 carries a substantial mortality rate. The need for additional biliary-enteric bypass after cyst decompression should be carefully assessed during operation. Angiographic embolization of @entity548 is a valuable therapeutic manoeuvre.

title: Treatment of persistent and complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: Experimental @entity1669 (EAT) with granulomatous histopathology (G-EAT) can be induced by cells from @entity19 thyroglobulin (MTg)-immunized donors activated in vitro with MTg and IL-12. G-EAT lesions reach maximum severity 18-21 days after cell transfer and, if some thyroid follicles remain, lesions almost completely resolve by day 35. CD8(+) cells are required for G-EAT resolution. To begin to determine the mechanisms involved in G-EAT resolution, apoptosis in thyroids was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Apoptotic thyrocytes and inflammatory cells were present in the thyroids of both CD8(+) and CD8-depleted recipient @entity19 at day 19-21. By day 35, apoptotic cells were rare in thyroids of @entity19 whose lesions had resolved; the few apoptotic inflammatory cells were generally in close proximity to thyroid follicles. Thyroids of CD8-depleted @entity19 had ongoing @entity32 at day 35 and most apoptotic cells were thyroid follicular cells. The expression of Fas and @entity9699 ( @entity9699 ) mRNA in thyroids was also determined by RT-PCR in both CD8(+) and CD8-depleted recipient @entity19 . Fas was expressed in normal thyroids and its expression was relatively constant throughout the course of disease. @entity9699 mRNA was not expressed in normal thyroids. @entity9699 mRNA expression generally correlated with G-EAT severity, being maximal at day 21 and diminishing as lesions resolved. However, @entity9699 mRNA expression in thyroids of CD8-depleted @entity19 in which resolution was delayed was decreased compared to thyroids of CD8(+) @entity19 with comparable disease severity, suggesting that @entity9699 expressed by CD8(+) cells may play a role in G-EAT resolution.

title: Apoptosis of thyrocytes and effector cells during induction and resolution of granulomatous experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: This paper discusses the maladjustment reaction of adults with @entity2438 spectrum disorders such as @entity13104 to a working environment or university setting, from the viewpoint of a psychiatrist seeing them in areas of occupational and college mental health. The author is in charge of a day care program for company workers, called "The Return-to-Work Support Course", at a mental clinic. A total of 176 @entity1 attended the program and most of them were originally diagnosed with @entity308 and/or @entity2166 . The author noted that five of them showed some traits of @entity245 . They initially had been capable specialists at work, but started showing mental and @entity409 as they received promotions and became team leaders or managers. It seems that changes in their work environment involving their superiors, co-workers, the organization, etc., easily affected their work performance and triggered their maladjustment, and finally caused their leave of absence. The author also works in a university student counseling room, and noted that some students started to show maladjustment in the course of writing their graduation thesis or applying for jobs, although they previously had performed fairly well at university. They could not maintain good communication with thesis advisers, could not perform adequately during a group discussion at a job interview, or could not cope with personnel offices appropriately. After being interviewed, they were diagnosed with @entity13104 . Not only @entity1 psychiatrists but all psychiatrists should have a sufficient knowledge of @entity245 , and they need to be cautious when they diagnose @entity1 and inform them.

title: [Assessment and treatment of XXXX traits in adult mental disorder: from the viewpoint of maladjustment in a company and university].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ['Asperger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder', 'developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental disorder']


abstract: 1. Injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or endotoxin into @entity19 and @entity35 induces a prolonged increase in @entity750 ( @entity750 : @entity750 ), predominantly in the liver. 2. The 5HT increase reflects the accumulation of platelets in the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal Disse spaces (spaces between endothelial cells and hepatocytes) in the liver. 3. Most of the platelets which accumulated in these spaces still retained their intact structure and a large amount of 5HT. 4. Interleukin-1 and/or @entity5 @entity39 factor also induce the platelet response. 5. Kupffer's cells play a key role in this platelet response. 6. Anti-platelet drugs currently used, except for anti-inflammatory @entity230 , were ineffective in preventing the platelet response. 7. This platelet response is different from the well known @entity1423 . 8. The possible involvement of this platelet response in insulin-independent hypoglycaemia, @entity5642 , @entity326 , @entity99 , Shwartzman type reactions or self-defense mechanisms is discussed.

title: Active translocation of platelets into sinusoidal and Disse spaces in the liver in response to lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1 and @entity5 XXXX factor.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', '5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: 38 @entity1 with advanced @entity189 were treated with intravenous (i.v.) @entity4181 (300 mg/m2), @entity1487 (500 mg/m2), @entity2879 (100 mg/m2), and @entity900 (30 mg/m2) (FLEP), on days 1, 2 and 3, every 22-28 days. 26 @entity1 had @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) and 12 had @entity3 (M1). Oesophagectomy was planned for @entity1 with @entity1442 in case of @entity5 regression after chemotherapy, while @entity1 with M1 disease received chemotherapy only. The overall remission rate was 45% (17/38) including four clinical and two pathologically confirmed complete remissions. 16 @entity1 underwent oesophagectomy, 12 after response to FLEP, and 4 after FLEP and subsequent irradiation +/- @entity1487 / @entity1138 . @entity137 was mainly haematological, with WHO grade 3 and 4 @entity1431 in 50% and @entity882 in 31% of the @entity1 . Two treatment-related deaths were observed; one due to chemotherapy and one postoperatively. Median survival time of @entity1442 @entity1 was 13 months, and actuarial 2-year survival was 31%. @entity1 with complete @entity5 resection after FLEP had a median survival time of 18 months and a 2-year survival rate of 42%. Median survival of M1 @entity1 was 6 months. FLEP is an active combination for @entity5 , especially when used preoperatively in @entity1442 .

title: @entity1487 , @entity4181 , @entity2879 and @entity900 chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'locally advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity651 occurs after vascular surgery, with @entity3624 oxidase (an oxidant generator) released from reperfusing liver and intestines mediating a significant component of this injury. Because halogenated anesthetics have been observed to enhance oxidant-mediated injury in vitro, the authors hypothesized that @entity10233 would increase alveolar-capillary membrane permeability mediated by circulating @entity3624 oxidase after thoracic occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS: @entity95 were assigned to one of five groups: aorta occlusion groups administered @entity10233 (n=14), @entity10233 and @entity45746 ( @entity3624 oxidase inactivator, n=12), @entity3575 plus @entity6918 (n=13), and two sham-operated groups ( @entity10233 , n=7 and @entity3575 plus @entity6918 , n=7). @entity432 was maintained for 45 min with a balloon catheter, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Alveolar-capillary membrane permeability was assessed by measurement of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein. @entity3624 oxidase activity was determined in plasma and lung tissue. @entity620 content (an antioxidant) was determined in lung tissue. RESULTS: @entity10233 was associated with significantly increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability after aortic occlusion-reperfusion when compared with the @entity3575 plus @entity6918 anesthesia or sham-operated groups (P < 0.05). Inactivation of @entity3624 oxidase abrogated the @entity8025 associated with @entity10233 . Although significantly greater than for sham-operated animals, plasma @entity3624 oxidase activities released after aortic occlusion-reperfusion were not different between the two anesthetics. There were no anesthetic-associated differences in lung tissue @entity3624 oxidase activity. However, @entity10233 anesthesia resulted in a significant reduction in lung @entity620 after aortic occlusion-reperfusion compared with the sham-operated animals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10233 anesthesia increased @entity3624 oxidase-dependent @entity8025 after aortic occlusion-reperfusion in concert with depletion of a key tissue antioxidant.

title: @entity10233 increases pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane permeability after aortic occlusion-reperfusion in XXXX : evidence of oxidant-mediated @entity651 .

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-capillary membrane compromise']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity45746 :: ('MESH:C045951', 'Chemical') :: ['tungstate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: We aim to evaluate the incidence and clinical manifestations of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) in adult @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity697 ). Seventy-five @entity1 (age > 18 years; 83 ears) diagnosed with @entity697 between January 2008 and March 2011 at our clinic were enroled and retrospectively reviewed. We detected audiometrically confirmed @entity1274 during the course of @entity697 in eight @entity1 . The clinical course, treatment, and audiometric final outcome of each case were reviewed. @entity1274 was associated with @entity697 in 8 out of 83 ears (9.3%). The mean age of @entity1 was 57.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 21.1 months (range 0.6-46.3 months). The most common symptom was @entity392 . Mean bone conduction hearing threshold was 39.5 dB in pure tone audiometry. All @entity1 showed high-frequency HL, and three showed pan-frequency HL. All @entity1 were treated with oral antibiotics at the initial visit. Seven ears were treated with a combination of oral @entity230 . Myringotomy was also performed. Seven of eight @entity1 showed improvement; however, 8 kHz thresholds were not improved. This suggested that the @entity32 spread through the round window. The mean duration of recovery was 18.6 days. @entity1274 associated with @entity697 in adult @entity1 occurs during the early phases of the disease course. High-frequency hearing was commonly affected and was well treated with oral antibiotics, myringotomy, and @entity134 therapy. Audiometry can be helpful for treating adult @entity1 with @entity697 . Active treatment, including myringotomy, should be performed during the early phase, if @entity1274 is suspected.

title: @entity1274 : a complication of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: The stomach is the organ most often chosen for substitution following resection of the oesophagus for @entity189 and this method has given good results. The mode of reconstruction of the alimentary tract in @entity5 @entity1 with previous distal gastrectomy presents a surgical problem. Usually the colon or jejunum is chosen as an alternative for substitution in such @entity1 . We report a new technique used in our unit on 30 @entity1 with previous distal subtotal gastrectomy. This involves using the residual stomach for reconstruction and transposing the spleen and tail of the pancreas into the left thoracic cavity in order to preserve the blood supply to the stomach. The entire procedure is performed through the left chest. We explored 35 @entity1 originally, but five were found to be unresectable at operation. Of the remaining 30 @entity1 , the @entity5 locations were: upper thoracic (1), midthoracic (24) and lower thoracic (5). The anastomotic sites were: above aortic arch (23), below aortic arch (5) and neck (2). The technical success of this procedure was good with no deaths in the immediate post-operative period. There were three @entity834 which all healed after thoracic drainage and a feeding jejunostomy.

title: Operative technique for XXXX after distal subtotal gastrectomy: a new method using the residual stomach to reconstruct the alimentary tract.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakages']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate percutaneous single-session sclerotherapy with @entity1068 without drainage of the sclerosing agent in symptomatic simple @entity8 that require treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective series of 30 consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic simple @entity8 with volume of 280.3 +/- 365.23 mL (range 28-1700 mL) estimated by ultrasonography were treated between July 1999 and July 2003. The cysts were punctured with an 18-gauge, 20-cm needle under ultrasound guidance and local anesthesia. A volume of @entity1068 equivalent to one third of the aspirated volume, up to a maximum of 100 mL, was injected into the cyst and left there. The @entity1 were reassessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: The procedure was technically feasible in all @entity1 . The aspirated volume was 259.8 +/- 265.2 mL (range 30-1900 mL). After 1, 3, and 6 months, the average volume was 52.7 +/- 71.4 mL, 22.7 +/- 43.2 mL, and 11.6 +/- 30.7 mL, respectively. After this period, 28 @entity1 (93%) were asymptomatic, showing total remission of the cyst (17 cases) or at least a 90% decrease (10 cases) or a 50% decrease (1 case) in the initial volume. One @entity1 (3%) had a 50% reduction of the cyst and persistent symptoms, and one @entity1 (3%) had persisting symptoms despite the total remission of the cyst. CONCLUSION: Single-session percutaneous sclerotherapy with @entity1068 is a good option for the treatment of symptomatic @entity8 , as it is highly effective and offers the benefits of a less-invasive procedure.

title: Treatment of simple @entity8 with single-session percutaneous XXXX sclerotherapy without drainage of the sclerosing agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: To verify if the carotid plaque development is concomitant to brachial artery diameter enlargement, in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective, recall study. We enrolled 40 postmenopausal @entity1 , selected from a database for the period 2000-2008, not affected by subclinical @entity2998 and without risk factors for @entity65 . At the recall visit, carotid and brachial duplex scan was again obtained. The incidence of plaque was 30% after a mean follow-up period of 60 months. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between subjects developing @entity2998 and subjects who did not, except for the brachial diameter change, follow-up and heart rate. The logistic-regression analysis confirmed that only brachial diameter change resulted to be correlated with the development of @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: Brachial artery diameter increase is concomitant to carotid plaque development. Vascular enlargement could not be a focal change but a systemic process associated with @entity731 plaque development. Brachial diameter could be a tool with a predictive significance.

title: Concomitant carotid plaque development and brachial artery diameter enlargement: a retrospective, recall-based study in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Despite their common origin from follicular epithelial cells, @entity3557 differ in their histology and clinical course. In this study the transcriptional profiles of these @entity5 in comparison with normal thyroid tissue were established. The aim was the development of a molecular tool providing additional information to current histopathological diagnosis and allowing further insight into tumorigenesis. Genome wide expression profiling was performed using @entity1 Unigene Set--RZPD 2 high density cDNA macroarrays comprising 76,000 genes as probes and radioactively labeled cDNA targets retrotranscribed from the isolated RNA of three papillary and three @entity259 as well as three normal thyroid tissues. 8600 genes differing in their expression between the three groups were selected and printed onto subarrays. Radioactively labeled cDNA targets obtained from 16 @entity1377 , 13 follicular @entity189 and 17 normal thyroid tissues were hybridized to these subarrays. 200 genes exhibited a statistically significant expression difference between the two @entity5 types (p <0.01). In a hierarchical cluster analysis of 124 of these genes (46 known genes and 78 ESTs) the algorythm divided the @entity5 samples into two groups corresponding to the @entity3557 . The clearcut diagnostic potential of this method has to be corroborated in a prospective study. Several of the differentiallly expressed genes are known to play a role in @entity5 development and @entity3 . Some of the genes up- or down-regulated in both @entity5 types are members of known oncogenic pathways in @entity259 . The complete understanding of complex genome wide expression profiles however awaits a longstanding advancement of hypothesis driven research.

title: [Differential gene expression signatures in well differentiated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: Although transplantation of multiple @entity1661 (MOTx) has been performed in @entity1 , reproducible animal models and extensive laboratory work are needed to explore the physiological and immunological aspects of this new transplant procedure. We therefore developed a microsurgical model that allows en bloc transplantation of three major @entity1661 . Using isogeneic @entity35 combinations, 30% of the liver, pancreas, and duodenum and a segment of small bowel (SB) were heterotopically transplanted. A segment of aorta that included the @entity1593 and the superior mesenteric artery provided the blood supply to the graft. Venous outflow occurred via the graft suprahepatic vena cava into the recipient's infrahepatic vena cava. The graft SB was anastomosed to the native SB. After a training period (N = 15), we could achieve a success rate of 83% (N = 23). Mean operation time was 105 minutes. Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of transplanted organs was normal. This study documents the feasibility of MOTx in the @entity35 and provides a microsurgical model that should facilitate preclinical experimental research in this area.

title: Multiorgan transplantation in the XXXX : development of a new microsurgical model.

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal viscera']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Postoperative low cardiac output states are a major cause of postoperative mortality in @entity1 and @entity1 following corrective cardiac surgery for @entity4297 . In this unit, whole body @entity2332 has been used since 1979 in the management of these low output states when they are refractory to conventional modes of therapy. Twenty cases treated in this way between July 1986 and June 1990 were reviewed in 1992. The current report reviews the 50 further cases treated with moderate @entity2332 between July 1990 and December 1995. The median (range) age of @entity1 was 8 months (0 days-16 years) with a median weight of 4.1 kg (2.5-33 kg). Following cooling, there was a decrease in heart rate (p < 0.001), an increase in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001) and a decrease in mean atrial pressure (p < 0.001). Significant increases in pH and urine output were also noticed, the increase in urine output being greater in the surviving group (p = 0.02). A decrease in platelet count occurred (p < 0.001) but white blood cell count remained unchanged (p = 0.18). Twenty-five of the 50 @entity1 survived to leave hospital. Induced @entity2332 does not appear to be associated with any complications and after the failure of all conventional treatment, it seems likely that the technique may have been beneficial to outcome in some @entity1 .

title: Induced XXXX in the postoperative management of refractory cardiac failure following paediatric cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Specialty societies have developed practice guidelines for the treatment of @entity497 ( @entity497 ). To aid in adapting specialty recommendations for a @entity55 practice guideline at Intermountain Health Care, we investigated which physicians care for @entity55 @entity1 in Utah. We wanted to understand who provides @entity55 care so as to appropriately target the guideline and design tools for implementation. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient multicenter. @entity1 : The study population comprised 13,919 (16,420 episodes of @entity55 ) Utah resident Medicare beneficiaries > or = 65 years of age who had @entity497 . Nursing home residents were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: We used Health Care Financing Administration billing records from 1993 through 1995 to identify the physicians involved in the care of @entity55 @entity1 by self-designated specialty. We linked patterns of physician involvement to age, sex, residential @entity10688 code, 30-day mortality rate, and whether or not the @entity1 was hospitalized. RESULTS: The involvement of a @entity55 specialist was limited to 11.7% of episodes, with involvement of a pulmonary specialist in 10.6%, an @entity166 ( @entity166 ) specialist in 0.9%, and the involvement of both specialties in 0.2% of episodes. Greater specialty involvement was observed in episodes resulting in @entity55 hospitalization (20.0% vs 8.6%, respectively; p < 0.0001), @entity204 (20.5% vs 11.2%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and episodes among @entity1 with urban county residential @entity10688 codes (13.7% vs 7.5%, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most episodes of @entity55 , including those with serious consequences, are treated by primary care physicians with little or no involvement from pulmonary or @entity166 specialists. It is not known whether greater or lesser specialty physician involvement would change @entity55 costs or clinical outcomes.

title: Frequency of subspecialty physician care for elderly XXXX with @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'infectious disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 , reduced grip strength, loss of range of motion, and joint stiffness, leading to @entity73 , and difficulty with daily activities are documented symptoms of first carpometacarpal joint @entity571 . Splinting is a common type of conservative treatment for this injury. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of custom-made thumb splints on @entity158 , function, grip strength, and key pinch in @entity1 with first carpometacarpal joint @entity571 . STUDY DESIGN: Quasi experimental. METHODS: @entity1 with first carpometacarpal grade I and II @entity571 (n = 18) participated in a repeated measure study. The @entity1 all wore custom-made thumb splints. All parameters were measured at baseline, and also after 30, 60, and 90 days from initial supply. A visual analogue scale, along with a disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire, a dynamometer and pinch gauge were used to assess @entity158 , function, grip strength, and pinch, respectively. RESULTS: After 60 days of splint usage, grip strength was improved. However, a reduction in @entity158 was demonstrated after only 30 days and this continued to improve with time. Function and pinch strength also increased significantly and continued to do so during the study period when compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a custom-made splint for @entity1 with @entity571 of the first carpometacarpal joint produced decreased @entity158 and increased grip strength, pinch strength, and hand function. Clinical relevance Custom-made splints may be recommended for the treatment of first carpometacarpal joint @entity571 .

title: The effect of custom-made splints in @entity1 with the first carpometacarpal joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hand function']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) may result in disability, which is caused primarily by @entity528 , due to the synovial inflammatory process. It is essential to closely monitor structural damage during the disease course. We aimed to compare ultrasound (US) measurements of joint cartilage thickness in 5 joints in @entity1 with @entity4932 to our findings in an age- and sex-related healthy cohort regarding disease duration, joint activity, @entity4932 subtype, age, and sex. METHODS: We clinically examined joint activity in 95 @entity1 with @entity4932 and collected parent and physician global assessments. Joint cartilage thickness was assessed by greyscale US in knee, ankle, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Measurements were compared to reference values of a healthy cohort from a previous study. Medical records were reviewed for @entity4932 subtype, treatment, and disease duration. RESULTS: Joint cartilage thickness was decreased in the knee, wrist, and second PIP joint in @entity1 with @entity4932 compared with the healthy cohort (p < 0.001 for all). @entity1 with @entity4932 had thicker cartilage than @entity1 with polyarticular and systemic @entity4932 . We also found @entity1844 in joints not previously affected by @entity625 in @entity1 with @entity4932 compared to the same joint in the healthy cohort. We found decreasing cartilage thickness with age and thicker cartilage in @entity1 than in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity4932 have reduced cartilage thickness compared with @entity1 who do not have @entity4932 , and @entity1 with polyarticular and systemic @entity4932 have thinner cartilage than @entity1 with @entity4932 .

title: Decreased cartilage thickness in juvenile idiopathic XXXX assessed by ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['decreased joint cartilage thickness']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'oligoarticular JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the osteocartilaginous structures']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy after surgery for @entity1 with locally advanced urothelial transitional cell @entity189 and upper urinary tract who were at high risk for recurrence or metastatic spread. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 (27 @entity1 and eight @entity1 , median age 59 years) received adjuvant chemotherapy and were followed for a median of 31 months from surgery (range 12-109). All @entity1 had undergone surgery (cystectomy, nephrectomy, nephrouretectomy), with removal of all evident @entity5 from the following primary sites: bladder (29), renal pelvis (three) and ureter (three). Thirty @entity1 had stage @entity1803 or greater, 22 had node-positive disease and 16 had vascular invasion. The median interval from surgery to chemotherapy was 2 months. @entity1 received a median of four courses of @entity900 , @entity1499 and @entity5713 (n = 23) or the same drugs with @entity632 (n = 12). RESULTS: @entity137 included nine episodes of @entity1398 (one fatal) and six episodes of @entity1031 (one fatal). Eighteen @entity1 (51%) remain alive and free of apparent disease with a median follow-up of 31 months. Actuarial overall and relapse-free survival were 64% and 57% at 2 years and 47% and 53% at 5 years, respectively. For the 22 node-positive @entity1 , the median relapse-free survival and overall survival was 22 months and 33 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with urothelial TCC at high risk of relapse after radical surgery can have a reasonable chance of long-term survival with systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment is associated with @entity137 . The benefits of treatment should be addressed in a large randomized controlled trial.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk urothelial transitional cell XXXX : the Princess Margaret Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: GOAL OF WORK: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms whereby low-intensity laser therapy may affect the severity of @entity3136 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hamster cheek pouch model of @entity3136 was used with all animals receiving intraperitoneal @entity1487 followed by surface irritation. Animals were randomly allocated into three groups and treated with a 35 mW laser, 100 mW laser, or no laser. Clinical severity of @entity33 was assessed at four time-points by a blinded examiner. Buccal pouch tissue was harvested from a subgroup of animals in each group at four time-points. This tissue was used for immunohistochemistry for @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and factor VIII (marker of microvessel density) and the resulting staining was quantified. MAIN RESULTS: Peak severity of @entity33 was reduced in the 35 mW laser group as compared to the 100 mW laser and control groups. This reduced peak clinical severity of @entity33 in the 35 mW laser group was accompanied by a significantly lower level of @entity3840 staining. The 100 mW laser did not have an effect on the severity of clinical @entity33 , but was associated with a decrease in @entity7 levels at the later time-points, as compared to the other groups. There was no clear relationship of @entity7 levels or microvessel density to clinical @entity33 severity. CONCLUSION: The tissue response to laser therapy appears to vary by dose. Low-intensity laser therapy appears to reduce the severity of @entity33 , at least in part, by reducing @entity3840 levels and associated inhibition of the inflammatory response.

title: @entity3840 and XXXX expression in @entity1487 -induced @entity3136 in hamsters: evaluation of two low-intensity laser protocols.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity11264 + T cells play an important role in the aetiology of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), but it is not clear which factor(s) cause activation of these cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of adoptive transfer of splenic ( @entity11264 +) T cells from TNBS/ @entity1068 -sensitized donor @entity35 to naive recipients and the migration pattern of transferred T cells. For the transfer experiments, @entity1960 was induced in @entity35 by colonic administration of TNBS/ @entity1068 . Seventeen days later, either @entity1619 cells or @entity11264 +, or CD8+ T cells were transferred to naive recipients. At days 1, 2 and 3 after transfer, the recipients were killed and the migration pattern of the transferred T cells was studied, as well as inflammatory cells in several organs, including the colon. To determine cytokine profiles of the T cells, @entity1960 was induced in @entity19 . Therefore, different combinations of @entity17563 ( @entity17564 ) in @entity1068 or saline, or @entity1068 alone were intrarectally administered. At day 9 after induction of @entity1960 , @entity19 were killed and cytokine profiles in the colon were studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The results show that @entity11264 + T cells from donor @entity35 with TNBS/ @entity1068 -induced @entity1960 migrate in particular to the colon upon transfer to naive recipients, and that this process is down-regulated by CD8+ T cells. This migration is probably caused by T cell recognition of the colonic bacterial flora and initiates an inflammatory reaction in the recipient's colon, characterized by an increase of the recipient's own T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. In the @entity19 experiments we showed that a second administration of @entity17564 / @entity1068 or @entity1068 alone, which presumably causes bacterial translocation, results in increased numbers of T cells into the colon, accompanied by an increase in @entity630 cytokines. These data suggest that @entity630 cells recognize the colonic bacterial flora.

title: @entity11264 + T cells from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced XXXX rodents migrate to the recipient's colon upon transfer; down-regulation by CD8+ T cells.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['total splenic T']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity17563 :: ('MESH:C001073', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: A French multicentre study of @entity1121 has recruited 260 subjects belonging to 18 families. At least 3 @entity1 from each family included had a @entity1121 . A Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all members of these 18 families. The diagnosis of @entity1121 was based on M mode and/or 2D observations of parietal @entity1184 : wall thickness over 13 mm. Asymmetrical forms were distinguished from symmetrical forms by a septum/posterior wall ratio of over 1.3 in M mode or 2D study. The @entity1 had an average age of 40 +/- 18 years, 127 were @entity1 and 133 @entity1 . One hundred and sixty eight were considered to be normal, 87 had @entity1121 and 5 were border line. The maximal diastolic wall thickness on M mode recording of pathological cases was 19.2 +/- 4.8 mm compared with 9.5 +/- 1.9 mm in healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The septum/posterior wall ratio was 1.8 +/- 0.62 in pathological cases and 1.1 +/- 0.8 in normal ones (p < 0.001). Eighty five per cent of the @entity7863 cases were asymmetrical (74/87) and only 15% were considered to be symmetrical (13/87) on M mode study whereas 5% were concentric on 2D echocardiography. By Maron's classification, type I @entity1184 was observed in 6% of cases (4/64), type II in 30% (19/64), type III in 58% (37/64), and type IV in 6% (4/64). Signs of @entity3885 were looked for and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was observed in 52% of pathological cases (45/86) and mid-systolic aortic valve closure in 30% (25/83).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [French familial multicenter survey of XXXX . Initial Doppler echocardiographic results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has gained wide-spread acceptance as a safe and useful technique for the resection of rectal @entity652 and selected T1 malignant lesions. If the lesion appears >T1 @entity5 after resection with TEM, a completion TME resection is recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the results of TME surgery after TEM for @entity5 . METHODS: In four tertiary referral hospitals for TEM, all @entity1 with completion TME surgery after initial TEM were selected. All eligible @entity1 who were treated with 5   5 Gy radiotherapy followed by TME surgery from the Dutch TME trial were selected as reference group. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio's (OR) for colostomies and for colo- and ileostomies combined. Local recurrence and survival rates were compared in hazard ratio's (HR) using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 were included in the TEM-COMPLETION group and 881 @entity1 from the TME trial. In the TEM-COMPLETION group, 50.8% of the @entity1 had a colostomy compared to 45.9% in the TME trial, OR 2.51 (p < 0.006). There is no significant difference when ileo- and colostomies are analyzed together. In the TEM-COMPLETION group, 10.2% developed a local recurrence compared to 5.2% in the TME trial, HR 6.8 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Completion TME surgery after TEM for unexpected @entity420 results in more colostomies and higher local recurrence rates compared to one stage TME surgery preceded with preoperative 5   5 Gy radiotherapy. Pre-operative investigations must be optimized to distinguish malignant and benign lesions and prevent avoidable local recurrence and colostomies.

title: Unexpected XXXX after TEM: outcome of completion surgery compared with primary TME.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']