abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and severity of @entity1596 in an outpatient pediatric @entity625 clinic in the midwestern United States during the 1990s. METHODS: The prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity1596 were studied retrospectively for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity625 at Shriner's Hospital for Crippled @entity1 and followed by the pediatric rheumatology and ophthalmology units of the St Louis @entity1 's Hospital between 1992 and 1995. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (9%) developed @entity1596 in a population of 78 @entity1 with @entity625 . Six of the seven @entity1 were female, and all six females had anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)-positive, @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The prevalence of anterior @entity1596 in females with ANA-positive, @entity309 was 20%, and in polyarticular @entity309 , 17%. One of the @entity1 with @entity1596 had combined @entity309 and @entity370 ; the @entity1 with @entity1596 had @entity1511 . @entity625 preceded the onset of @entity1596 in each @entity1 by 1 to 13 years (average, 6.4 years). Progression of the @entity1596 in three of the @entity1 resulted in @entity2372 and @entity231 , causing significant @entity227 in two (i.e., in 29% of the @entity1 who developed @entity1596 ). CONCLUSION: The prevalence and ocular morbidity of @entity1596 in @entity625 appears to have remained relatively stable over the last 2 decades. Onset of the @entity1596 in several of the @entity1 in our study population occurred more than a decade after the diagnosis of @entity625 . @entity1 with ANA-positive @entity309 and @entity1 with @entity1511 may need to be followed by periodic slit-lamp examination for longer periods than recommended previously.

title: Prevalence of @entity1596 in an outpatient XXXX clinic: onset of @entity1596 more than a decade after onset of @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Girls', 'boys', 'girls', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis', 'arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['band keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['pauciarticular JRA', 'juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['juvenile arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of @entity8779 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 as remission induction therapy for @entity1 younger than 60 years with untreated @entity3052 was studied as an alternative to standard regimens based on @entity2592 plus @entity4349 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 received @entity8779 (36-40 mg/m2), @entity2879 (500 mg/m2), and @entity3003 (1000-1500 mg/m2) over 5 days. Those who achieved complete remission received a single course of @entity2592 1.5 gm/m2 every 12 hours for a total of 12 doses. @entity6122 absorption was studied as a marker for cytotoxic therapy-induced @entity16 . Cytogenetic and immunophenotyping studies were performed at the time of diagnosis and examined for prognostic importance. RESULTS: Remission was achieved in 29 (67%) of 43 @entity1 with a single induction course. The median @entity1778 free and overall survival times were 15.4 months (95% CI 6.5-24.2) and 12.5 months (95% CI 5.9-19.1), respectively. Induction mortality was 14%. Karyotype (normal, simple, or complex vs. very complex) was the strongest predictor of remission (79% vs. 25%, P=0.01), @entity1778 free survival (odds ratio [OR] 19.3, 95% CI 2.7-138.9), and overall survival (OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.1-13.9). Dose-limiting gut mucosal @entity137 was greatest during Weeks 2 and 3. Bloodstream infections occurred in 49% of @entity1 at a median of 12 days. Grade 3-4 @entity294 , @entity390 , @entity3136 , @entity2910 / @entity1282 , and @entity391 developed in 33%, 26%, 23%, 9%, and 2% of cases, respectively, at a median of 17, 16, 11, 15.5, and 21 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen was active in adults younger than 60 years with untreated @entity3052 and normal, simple, or complex karyotypes. Remission duration was confounded by karyotype. Mucosal @entity137 limited the tolerability of this regimen. These adverse effects might be overcome by increasing the intensity of postremission therapy and modifying the dosing schedule.

title: Remission induction therapy of untreated @entity3052 using a non- XXXX -containing regimen of @entity8779 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gut mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: The newborn heart is an excellent model in which to study cardiac growth because the neonatal period is a normal situation in which the left ventricle (LV) grows rapidly and the right ventricle grows slowly. Accelerated LV growth is in response to mechanical, neural, and endocrine changes at birth. Faster growth of the LV is accounted for by greater capacity for protein synthesis, as evidenced by greater RNA content. At 18 h of life, ribosomes are formed in preference to total heart protein, but at 48 h of life, faster rates of both ribosome formation and total protein synthesis are observed. In the LV of hearts from 2-day-old @entity1707 , these rates are insensitive to the addition of glucagon, @entity1922 , or a combination of @entity1063 and @entity1169 . These observations could result because of maximal growth stimulation already present in the LV of the newborn heart. To restrain LV growth in the neonatal period, we treated @entity1707 with @entity4688 , an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor. @entity4688 blocked growth of the LV as well as the increase in RNA content. When hearts from @entity4688 -treated @entity1707 were perfused in vitro, rates of protein synthesis and ribosome formation in the LV were lower. These studies suggest that angiotensin II is an important factor accounting for rapid growth of the neonatal heart in response to pressure overload at birth.

title: Control of growth in the neonatal XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril maleate', 'enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: In response to insect feeding, plants release complex volatile blends that are important host-location cues for natural enemies of herbivores. These induced volatile responses are mediated by insect-derived cues and differ significantly from responses to mechanical wounding. To improve understanding of the cues that elicit plant volatile responses, we explored the effects of Heliothis virescens saliva on volatile induction in @entity286 , @entity286 , using an ablation technique that prevents the release of saliva from the labial glands during feeding. Plants damaged by intact caterpillars released 11 volatile compounds. Ablated caterpillars induced these same 11 compounds plus an additional eight. Of the 11 shared compounds, plants damaged by ablated caterpillars released greater quantities of six, most notably volatile @entity1239 , compared to plants damaged by intact caterpillars. We further investigated the effects of H. virescens oral secretions on volatile induction through the collection and application of caterpillar regurgitant and saliva to mechanically wounded plants. Plants treated with H. virescens regurgitant released significantly more volatile @entity1239 than plants treated with saliva or those damaged by intact caterpillars. Additionally, application of a mixture of saliva and regurgitant induced less volatile @entity1239 compared to treatment with regurgitant alone. Our results suggest that saliva has an inhibitory effect on plant volatile responses to H. virescens feeding and that insect-derived cues originating from both regurgitant and saliva may interact to elicit the volatile "signature" of H. virescens.

title: The Role of Insect-Derived Cues in Eliciting Indirect Plant Defenses in XXXX , @entity286 .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1694 (C57BL/6-mivit/mivit) @entity19 has a slowly progressing @entity2000 , in which photoreceptor cell nuclei are gradually lost and the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) is unevenly pigmented. The purpose of the present study was to assess the phagocytic ability of the @entity989 in the @entity1694 @entity19 by determining whether and when a phagocytic burst occurs in affected @entity19 and whether the number of phagosomes varies between control and affected animals. METHODS: Eyes of control and @entity1694 @entity19 4 to 20 weeks of age were embedded in Spurr. Thin sections were cut and examined by electron microscopy to confirm the presence of phagosomes, particularly in the affected animals. Thick (1 micron) sections were cut, and quantitative morphometry was performed at the light microscope level. The length of @entity989 was determined, and phagosomes were counted in @entity989 cytoplasmic and microvillous areas. Data were expressed as phagosomes per 1000 microns. RESULTS: The @entity1694 @entity19 has a peak phagocytic episode approximately 2 hours after light onset. The number of phagosomes in 4-week-old affected @entity19 was significantly less than that in controls (13 phagosomes per 1000 microns compared to 30 phagosomes per 1000 microns). By week 8, the number was reduced to approximately 5 per 1000 microns. Phagosome number was not reduced further between weeks 8 and 20 in the affected animal. Macrophage-like cells containing pigment granules and phagosomes were observed in the subretinal space in areas where the rod outer segments had been separated from the @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1694 @entity19 @entity989 contains phagosomes, but there are significantly fewer than in controls. It is not known whether a defect in @entity989 phagocytosis is the direct cause of the @entity989 in this model.

title: Reduction of phagosomes in the @entity1694 (C57BL/6-mivit/mivit) XXXX model of @entity2000 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE', 'retinal defect']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the quality of @entity697 care in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the concordance of @entity341 management of @entity697 with National Institutes of Health @entity565 guidelines, to identify @entity341 characteristics predictive of higher guideline concordance, and to assess whether guideline concordance was associated with hospital admission. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review study of @entity697 as part of the National Emergency Department Safety Study. Using a principal diagnosis of @entity565 , we identified @entity341 visits for @entity697 in 63 urban EDs in 23 US states between 2003 and 2006. Concordance with guideline recommendations was evaluated by using item-by-item quality measures and composite concordance scores both at the @entity1 and @entity341 level. These scores ranged from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating perfect concordance. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 4,053 subjects; their median age was 34 years, and 64% were @entity1 . The overall @entity1 guideline concordance score was 67 (interquartile range, 63-83), and the @entity341 concordance score was 71 (SD, 7). Multivariable analysis showed southern EDs were associated with lower @entity341 concordance scores (beta-coefficient, -8.2; 95% CI, -13.8 to -2.7) compared with northeastern EDs. After adjustment for the severity on @entity341 presentation, @entity1 who received all recommended treatments had a 46% reduction in the risk of hospital admission compared with others. CONCLUSIONS: Concordance with treatment recommendations in the National Institutes of Health @entity565 guidelines was moderate. Significant variations in @entity341 quality of @entity565 care were found, and geographic differences existed. Greater concordance with guideline-recommended treatments might reduce hospitalizations.

title: Quality of care for XXXX in 63 US emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: Sublingual @entity594 has a rapid and powerful @entity551 effect. Its action on arterial distensibility can be assessed by measurement of pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) by Doppler echocardiography (DE). Ten @entity1 were used to evaluate intra-observer reproducibility (Group 1). Fifteen @entity101 @entity1 (Group 2), not taking a @entity460 antagonist, 64 +/- 13 years-old, were studied by DE before and 15 minutes after 10 mg of SL @entity594 . The following were measured: systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( @entity13519 and @entity13520 ), heart rate (HR), echocardiographic shortening fraction (SF) and @entity122 , with sternal length (SL) taken as being identical to the length of the abdominal aorta between the isthmus and the coeliac region, and by measuring delta t: time interval for propagation of the pulsed Doppler velocimetric wave between the isthmic aorta and the coeliac aorta located by echocardiography: @entity122 = SL/delta t. Evidence was found in the @entity594 group (n = 15) of a fall in @entity13519 (159.5 +/- 27.8 cf. 140.9 +/- 21 mmHg; p = 0.002); in @entity13520 (88.6 +/- 13 cf. 79.6 +/- 8.3 mmHg; p = 0.005) and an increase in HR (72.3 +/- 10.7 cf. 76.8 +/- 12.9 bpm; p = 0.04). @entity122 decreased after @entity594 (10.5 +/- 3.9 cf. 7.15 +/- 12.9 bpm; p = 0.002). There was a linear correlation between the percentage reduction in @entity122 and left ventricular HR: y = 194x - 53; r = 0.56; p = 0.029.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of sublingual XXXX on the velocity of pulse wave evaluated by Doppler echocardiography of the thoracic aorta].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current TNM @entity1149  ( @entity1149 ) staging uses only the anatomic location of lymph nodes to define N status. Several other @entity5 staging systems have found lymph node ratio (LNR)-the number of positive lymph nodes/total lymph nodes resected-to be a better predictor of survival after resection. The  purpose of this study is to evaluate LNR as a predictor of  recurrence and survival after R0 resection for @entity1149 . METHODS: A total of 1,143 consecutive @entity1 underwent R0 resection for @entity1149 between 1999 and 2008 at a high-volume single institution with 26% (n  = 302) having N1 and N2 disease. The primary endpoints of the study were long-term survival and recurrence as a function of LNR. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were utilized to assess associations between LNR, N status, and pathologic stage with survival and recurrence after @entity2 resection. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 44 months and was complete in 97% of @entity1 . Nodal status of @entity1 in  this study was as follows: N0 disease, 73.5%; N1 disease, 18.7%; and N2 disease, 7.8%. There were 132 recurrences in @entity1 with @entity66 (43.7%). The  pathologic stage of @entity1 in the study was as follows: stage IIA, 47%; stage IIB, 17%; stage IIIA, 35%; and stage IIIB, 1%. Mean total number of lymph nodes  sampled was 11.1    6.0 and mean number of positive lymph nodes 2.4    2.0. Upon statistical modeling, LNR  was found to be independently associated with decreased survival after resection for @entity1149 (hazard ratio 2.63, confidence interval: 1.41 to 4.91, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity1149 , increasing lymph node ratio is independently associated with decreased survival and decreased time to recurrence after R0 resection.

title: Lymph node ratio predicts recurrence and survival after R0 resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex may influence the relationship between @entity2270 functioning and @entity28 . This has been suggested to be due to sex-specific differences in body composition, body fat distribution and psychological variables. Age and the use of oral contraceptives may also influence the relationship between @entity2270 functioning and @entity28 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate whether body composition, body fat distribution, psychological variables, age, or possible oral contraceptive use contribute to sex differences in @entity2270 activity in response to a meal. METHODS: Subjects were @entity1 (n=19) and @entity1 (n=19) between 18 and 51 years old with BMI between 20.3 and 33.2 kg/m(2). @entity2270 activity was measured by salivary free @entity701 levels before consuming a meal, and at 45, 75 and 125 min postprandial on four repeated test days. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed. Questionnaires were used to assess cognitive eating behavior and trait anxiety level. RESULTS: No differences between the test days in postprandial @entity701 responses appeared. Responses were significantly higher in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (p<.05). No significant correlations were found between @entity701 concentrations and sex-specific body composition or body fat distribution. Psychological variables did not contribute to differences in @entity701 responses after a meal between @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , baseline @entity701 concentrations correlated inversely with age (p=.024). CONCLUSION: Higher @entity2270 activity following a meal in @entity1 vs. @entity1 remained irrespective of sex-specific differences in body composition, body fat distribution, psychological variables, or in age. In @entity1 baseline @entity701 concentrations were age-dependent.

title: Sex differences in XXXX activity in response to a meal.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity650 is an inflammatory response mediator used as a metabolic marker of @entity28 . Polymorphisms @entity650 @entity46313 , @entity46314 , and @entity8996 modify the production of this protein. The associations between these haplotypes and @entity28 or metabolic markers have not been studied in adolescents, so an analysis of these associations was performed. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 745 apparently healthy 14- to 19-year-old adolescents. Obesity, serum @entity413 , insulin, @entity1674 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated, and @entity650 @entity46315 , @entity46314 and @entity8996 polymorphisms determined. The associations were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The allele frequencies were 0.15 for -597A and -174C and 0.30 for -572C. Genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. @entity650 (-597/-572/-174) haplotypes GGG, @entity5445 , and AGC comprised 99.74% of the total haplotypes. The associations were significant between genotype @entity5445 / @entity5445 and @entity4854 (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.02-7.97); between @entity5445 / @entity5445 and high hs-CRP (OR = 6.17, 95% CI = 1.13-33.77); between AGC/AGC and @entity28 (OR = 4.42, 95% CI = 1.40-14.01); and between GGG/ @entity5445 and low HDL-C (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.03-2.28). CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes of the @entity650 (-597/-572/-174) polymorphisms are associated with metabolic risk factors in Mexican adolescents.

title: @entity650 polymorphisms are associated with @entity28 and XXXX in Mexican adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) can evolve to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in approximately 30% of cases. Knowing their @entity3052 risk is important for @entity1 because it might impact adherence to care and @entity458 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of @entity3052 risk among @entity2590 @entity1 and to study the factors associated with this awareness. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all members of French and Australian @entity1 ' national @entity2590 associations. Data of 301 @entity1 were analysed. @entity1 were satisfied with the information they had received, but 33.2% did not know that they had an increased risk of developing @entity3052 . Younger age, higher-risk @entity2590 treatment, preferences for health-related information and satisfaction with information provided about treatment were the factors independently associated with awareness of @entity3052 risk. Compared to unaware @entity1 , @entity1 knowing their risk were more likely to participate in a hypothetical clinical trial (83.0% vs 72.4%, p=0.043). More efforts are needed to provide more systematic information about @entity3052 risk to @entity1 wishing to know it. More research is needed to study if increasing awareness can lead to more active engagement of @entity2590 @entity1 in their care and can increase the rate of clinical trial participation.

title: Awareness of @entity3052 risk induced by diagnosis of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peripheral anorectic hormones, such as @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ), cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 and leptin, suppress food intake. The newly-identified anorectic neuropeptide, @entity16852 , is synthesized in both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, particularly by various nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Here we examined the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) administration of @entity15212 and CCK-8 and co-administrations of @entity15212 and leptin at subthreshold doses confirmed by measurement of food intake, on @entity16852 -immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem of @entity35 by Fos immunohistochemistry. Ip administration of @entity15212 (100  g/kg) caused significant increases in the number of @entity16852 -ir neurons expressing Fos-ir in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) but not in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the arcuate nucleus (ARC) or the @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ). On the other hand, ip administration of CCK-8 (50  g/kg) resulted in marked increases in the number of @entity16852 -ir neurons expressing Fos-ir in the SON, PVN, AP and NTS, but not in the ARC or @entity1640 . No differences in the percentage of @entity16852 -ir neurons expressing Fos in the nuclei of the hypothalamus and brainstem were observed between @entity35 treated with saline, @entity15212 - (33  g/kg) or leptin. However, co-administration of @entity15212 (33  g/kg) and leptin resulted in significant increases in the number of @entity16852 -ir neurons expressing Fos-ir in the AP and the NTS. Furthermore, decreased food intake induced by @entity15212 , CCK-8 and leptin was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with intracerebroventricular administration of antisense @entity16852 . These results indicate that @entity16852 -expressing neurons in the brainstem may play an important role in sensing peripheral levels of @entity15212 and leptin in addition to CCK-8, and suppress food intake in @entity35 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Activation of XXXX -containing neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem by peripheral administration of anorectic hormones and suppression of feeding via central @entity16852 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['LHA', 'lateral hypothalamic area']

answer: @entity16852 :: (59295(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nesfatin-1']


abstract: The cytokine @entity31175 , a member of the TNF receptor family, is expressed by T cells and regulates activation and proliferation of these cells. The @entity31175 ligand ( @entity44085 ) is expressed by antigen-presenting cells including macrophages, but also on various @entity189 cells. @entity31175 / @entity44085 interaction plays a central role in sustaining T cell and macrophage activation, i.e. in antitumour immunity. The present study was designed to investigate whether @entity31175 and @entity44085 protein levels are altered in @entity14 compared with paired normal tissues. The @entity31175 and @entity44085 plasma levels from @entity1 with @entity14 were also examined. Collectively, we noted a significantly lower @entity44085 level in cancerous tissue compared with paired normal tissue, and the difference in @entity44085 protein level was significantly lower in the @entity694 subgroup compared with paired normal colon tissue. On the other hand, we found an elevated @entity31175 protein level in the @entity5 subgroup compared with paired normal rectal tissue. @entity1 with a @entity5 localised in the colon revealed significantly higher soluble @entity31175 protein concentration in the plasma than @entity1 with a @entity5 localised in the rectum, and there was a tendency toward a higher concentration of @entity44085 protein in the plasma from @entity1 with @entity5 localised in the colon. Moreover, the plasma concentrations of @entity31175 and @entity44085 proteins were strongly and significantly correlated. The different expression levels of @entity31175 and @entity44085 in the colon and rectum may reflect divergent mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity14 and lead to dissimilar protective immunity.

title: Expression of @entity31175 and @entity31175 ligand in @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumours']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modifications including, physical activity can reduce @entity28 -related morbidity and subsequent @entity65 in youth. This study will investigate the efficacy of a culturally-sensitive, non-contact, boxing-orientated training program on @entity28 and related cardio-metabolic conditions in M  ori and Pasifika adolescents. Details of the methodological aspects of recruitment, inclusion criteria, randomization, cultural sensitivity, intervention program, assessments, process evaluation, and statistical analyses are described. METHODS: This study will be a community based, New Zealand, randomized control trial (RCT). Male and female obese (body mass index >95(th) percentile) M  ori and Pasifika adolescents aged 14-16 years will be recruited and the sample size will be confirmed through a feasibility study. Combating Obesity in M  ori and Pasifika Adolescent School- @entity1 Study (COMPASS) is a 6-month, theory-based program, conducted 3-times/week in a culturally appropriate setting. Each session includes 40 min boxing-orientated training and 30 min resistance training. Assessments will be made at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months. Main outcomes include @entity1144 , endothelial function, and @entity2690 resistance. Other outcomes include @entity432 , lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, well-being, and aerobic fitness. Control measures include physical activity, sleep behavior, and dietary intake. RESULTS: As a protocol paper there are no specific results to present, our purpose is to share our RCT design with the scientific community. CONCLUSIONS: COMPASS will be used to provide direction for exercise prescription policy in at-risk M  ori and Pasifika adolescents.

title: The Combating Obesity in M  ori and Pasifika Adolescent School- XXXX Study: COMPASS Methodology and Study Protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Over a one year period, the multidisciplinary consultation of the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital for @entity4786 examined 26 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 underwent an ophthalmological examination (21 @entity1265 ). Lisch nodule was the most frequent symptom (12 cases) and corneal nerves were visible in 3 cases. We had only one case of retinal and @entity4607 . @entity11 was a frequent symptom (5 cases). Other signs were uncommon. The case of @entity13755 showed a @entity129 and lens droplets. Our evaluation confirms the frequency of Lisch nodules as the most frequent symptom of @entity1265 . The visibility of corneal nerves and @entity4607 are suggestive signs. The @entity11 fits well with its statistical frequency. One year evaluation of our NF clinic allows us to confirm the relative frequency of the different signs associated with @entity4786 . It emphasizes the importance of teaching its diagnosis and follow-up to ophthalmologists.

title: [Importance of multidisciplinary consultations for XXXX with @entity4786 ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['3rd nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma number']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal hamartoma', 'hamartoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity32 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, across many disease processes. One classic @entity19 model to study this syndrome is lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity1990 ( @entity1990 )-dependent systemic @entity32 . Although most studies have focused on inflammatory cell @entity1990 responses, parenchymal cells also express @entity1990 . Our objective was to define the in vivo role of parenchymal- versus marrow-derived cell activation via @entity1990 during LPS-induced @entity32 . @entity19 bearing @entity1990 on parenchymal cells only, marrow-derived cells only, both, or neither were generated using bone marrow transplantation. Mortality occurred only in @entity19 that had @entity1990 expression on their parenchymal cells. Before onset, virtually all major plasma cytokines and blood neutrophil responses were related to marrow-derived cell activation via @entity1990 . The only cytokine predictive of oncoming systemic @entity32 was the chemokine @entity1750 . Late blood neutrophil responses were related to the presence of @entity1990 on either parenchymal or marrow cells, whereas plasma cytokine elevations late in LPS-induced systemic @entity32 were dependent on @entity19 having @entity1990 in both cell compartments. Parenchymal cell activation via @entity1990 is a key component of LPS-induced systemic @entity32 and mortality, although most plasma cytokine levels and blood neutrophil responses were not key components. Given its unique role, future studies into @entity1750 's exact role during systemic @entity32 are warranted.

title: LPS-induced @entity19 systemic XXXX is driven by parenchymal cell activation and exclusively predicted by early @entity1750 plasma levels.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contributes to @entity532 . MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as key regulators of diverse cellular processes including angiogenesis. We recently reported that @entity10013 , @entity23184 , @entity10017 , @entity4449 , and @entity13825 were downregulated in EPCs from @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 , and downregulation of @entity10013 impairs EPC function. The present study further explored whether dysregulated @entity23184 were also related to @entity409 . EPCs were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity6 @entity1 and healthy controls. Assays on EPC function (proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and colony and tubule formation) were performed. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify the potential targets of @entity23184 in EPCs. Gene expression of miR-103a and @entity10429 was measured by real-time PCR, and protein expression of @entity10429 , @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and Akt was measured by Western blotting. @entity10429 promoter activity was measured by luciferase reporter assay. A @entity23184 inhibitor or mimic and lentiviral vectors expressing @entity23184 , or @entity10429 , or a short hairpin RNA targeting @entity10429 were transfected into EPCs to manipulate @entity23184 and @entity10429 levels. @entity23184 was decreased in EPCs from @entity6 patients. Anti- @entity23184 inhibited whereas @entity23184 overexpression promoted EPC function. @entity23184 negatively regulated @entity10429 (mRNA, protein and promoter activity) in EPCs. Knockdown of @entity10429 expression enhanced EPC function. @entity23184 also upregulated protein expression of @entity3963 / @entity7 and Akt in EPCs. In conclusion, @entity23184 plays an important role in maintaining normal EPC function, and decreased @entity23184 in EPCs from @entity6 contributes to @entity73 , likely via its target @entity10429 and through @entity3963 / @entity7 and Akt pathways.

title: Downregulation of microRNA-130a contributes to endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in XXXX @entity1 via its target @entity10429 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired EPC function']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['EPC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence of associations between @entity442 ( @entity442 ), @entity48282 ( @entity10513 ), @entity2301 , and @entity263 risk. This study examines the association between dietary factors associated with @entity263 and serum levels of these peptides. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of self-reported 12-month dietary intake with serum IGF and IGFBP levels was performed using data from 1,798 subjects screened negative for @entity263 as part of a UK multicenter trial comparing treatments for this condition. Multivariable linear regression models tested associations of diet with IGFs and IGFBPs. RESULTS: For a one standard deviation (SD) increase in dairy product and dairy protein intake, @entity442 increased by 5.28  ng/mL (95  % confidence interval: 2.64, 7.92  ng/mL) and 6.02  ng/mL (3.34, 8.71  ng/mL), respectively. A 25  % increase in @entity460 and @entity4259 intake was associated with an increase in @entity442 of 5.92  ng/mL (3.77, 8.07  ng/mL) and 2.61  ng/mL (1.10, 4.13  ng/mL), respectively. A one SD increase in animal protein was associated with a decrease in @entity10513 of 6.20  % (-8.91, -3.41  %), and there was some evidence of an inverse association with dairy protein and @entity460 . There was no evidence of any dietary associations with @entity2301 or @entity5100 . CONCLUSIONS: Diet is associated with @entity442 and @entity10513 levels in @entity1 in the UK, and these peptides warrant further investigation as part of randomized trials of dietary interventions to reduce the risk or progression of @entity263 . There is no evidence that @entity5100 or @entity2301 are mediators of dietary associations with @entity263 .

title: A cross-sectional analysis of the association between diet and @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10513 , and @entity2301 in XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity48282 :: ('3485;3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II, insulin-like binding protein-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) appears to be involved in the development of @entity1373 and arterial @entity715 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of plasma Hcy with early @entity850 following carotid eversion endarterectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 398 consecutive @entity1 , 363 were included in this study. 62% of @entity1 had symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity850 . @entity1 had preoperative assessment of Hcy and other well established @entity731 risk factors. Intraoperatively, completion angiography was performed in 2 planes. @entity1 had clinical, Hcy and duplex follow up at 1, 3, 18 and 36 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Complete follow up data were available for 312 @entity1 . Five @entity1 suffered from @entity64 and 2 @entity1 died during the peri-operative period (combined @entity64 and death rate of 2%). Mean follow up was 26+/-5 months (range 17 to 36 months). Seventeen and six @entity1 (5.5%) developed a 50-69% and >70% @entity850 , respectively. Serum @entity1011 was significantly higher in @entity1 with early @entity850 , occlusion or @entity64 after @entity787 (P=0.043). High grade @entity850 , occlusion and @entity64 ipsilateral to the operated side (17 @entity1 ) was associated with @entity4051 C and @entity1011 (P=0.043 and 0.046, respectively) but not Hcy. CONCLUSION: While Hcy is a recognized independent risk factor for atherothrombosis, our study suggests that there is no association of Hcy with early @entity850 after eversion endarterectomy.

title: XXXX and early @entity850 after carotid eversion endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['re-stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine choroidopathy in @entity1 with Beh  et disease. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 (63 eyes) with Beh  et disease. INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent simultaneous @entity3194 (ICG) and @entity941 angiography with a double detector of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Angiographic findings recorded on videotapes were evaluated. The relation of angiographic findings with systemic activity and aqueous @entity32 was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity941 angiography showed leakage in varying degrees from retinal vessels in 30 @entity1 (53 eyes, 84%). The ICG angiographic findings were choroidal vascular wall staining in 16 eyes (25%), hyperfluorescent spots in 42 eyes (66%) and hypofluorescent plaques in 22 eyes (35%), both of which were not evident with @entity941 , leakage from choroidal vessels in 3 eyes (5%), and irregular filling of choriocapillaris in 11 eyes (17%). These findings did not have a statistically significant correlation with the presence or absence of aqueous @entity32 or oral aphthous ulcerations. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 with Beh  et disease showed @entity3193 , which could be revealed only by ICG angiography, but not with funduscopy or @entity941 angiography. Simultaneous ICG and @entity941 angiography would be useful for examining @entity66 in Beh  et disease.

title: XXXX in Beh  et disease observed by simultaneous @entity3194 and @entity941 angiography with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['Choroidal abnormalities']


abstract: @entity302 is a chronic @entity16 and generally associated with certain @entity146 comorbidities. Among several comorbidities depressive @entity73 has been reported to be most debilitating comorbidity associated with @entity302 . This study was envisaged to evaluate the ameliorative effect of @entity6108 on @entity308 like @entity73 observed in @entity5093 kindled animals. Male Swiss Albino @entity19 were kindled with subconvulsive dose of @entity5093 (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Successfully kindled animals were used in the study to observe the effect of different treatments. Treatment groups received @entity3174 (30 mg/kg) and @entity6108 (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) for 15 days. The animals were challenged with @entity5093 (35 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 5, 10 and 15 and @entity410 severity score, immobility period, number of mistakes and step down latency were recorded. On 15th day, all the animals were sacrificed after behavioral evaluations and their brain was isolated and homogenized to estimate brain @entity1063 , @entity750 , total @entity3542 level and acetylcholinesterase activity. @entity3174 treatment significantly improved the @entity308 like behavior along with its anticonvulsant effect, however was unable to improve @entity2414 . @entity6108 significantly attenuated @entity410 severity, @entity308 like @entity73 in kindled animals, in dose dependent manner. These results were supported by the biochemical modulation of brain @entity1154 , nitrosative stress level and acetylcholinesterase activity. Thus present study concluded that @entity6108 has the ameliorative effect on @entity410 severity, @entity308 like @entity73 in @entity5093 kindled @entity19 , possibly via central monoaminergic modulation and inhibitory effect on nitrosative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity.

title: Ameliorative effect of @entity6108 on @entity410 severity, @entity308 like behavior, learning and @entity2414 in post- XXXX -kindled @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavior and cognitive impairment', 'behavior and memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity5093 :: (MESH:D010433,Chemical) :: ['pentylenetetrazole']


abstract: There is a 10 -36% rate of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) associated with rapid eye movement (REM) in the @entity27 population. Prior studies have suggested an increased prevalence of @entity146 and an effect of gender and age on these @entity1 . Our aim was to study the clinical and polysomnograph (PSG) characteristics of our @entity1 with REM- -related @entity25 @entity1353 (REM SDB). Inclusion criteria was the identification of REM SDB detected by PSG defined as @entity27 index (AHI) in @entity11755 > or = 5h, AHI in non - @entity11755 (NREM) < or = 15h and REM/NREM AHI > or = 2. Several @entity25 Questionnaire (SDQ) version 1.02 parameters were analysed. The study comprised 19 @entity1 with a mean age of 54.0 (SD+/-13.97), a mean BMI of 29.01 (SD +/- 4.10) and a 0.58 female / male ratio. The mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 12.74 (SD +/-4.86). Mean AHI was 9.16/h (SD 4.09); mean AHI in @entity11755 37.08/h (SD 25.87) and mean REM -AHI/NREM- -AHI 8.86 (SD 8.63). The @entity148 rate was 33.3%; 44.4% in females, 16.7% in males. The average deep sleep was 20.7% (SD 10.42) and @entity11755 15.45% (SD 9.96), with a sleep efficiency of 85.3 (SD 8.70). No significant statistical correlation was found between the REM/NREM AHI index and @entity148 , @entity25 and @entity25 ( @entity11755 ). These @entity1 differ from the general @entity27 population: on average, they are not obese, there are a greater number of females affected and they do not present a very significant diurnal @entity2147 . Reduced deep sleep and @entity11755 were also present versus general population data, and sleep efficiency was just below the normal limit. @entity148 were more prevalent in this group than described for the general population (3%) and @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of @entity1 with REM @entity25 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea -hypopnea', 'OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety disorder', 'Anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['increased REM sleep', 'REM sleep', 'REM and deep sleep percentages']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep quality', 'Sleep Disorders']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare oncologic outcomes in an international cohort of @entity1 who underwent either partial ureterectomy (PU) or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: A subgroup of @entity1 from the UTUC Collaboration with operation classified as PU or RNU was used (n = 835). Clinicopathologic outcomes were evaluated. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression addressed @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS). RESULTS: Median age and follow-up were 69 years (range 32-97 years) and 34 months (range 1-246 months), respectively. Relapse occurred in 28.5% of @entity1 (19.6% local, 8.9% systemic). At analysis, 180 @entity1 (21.6%) died of UTUC. Eighty-one @entity1 (9.7%) underwent PU and 754 (90.3%) underwent RNU. High @entity5 grade (77.3% vs 55.6%, P <.001) and advanced T stage (>T1, 41.7% vs 30.9%, P <.001) were significantly more common in the RNU cohort. Significantly more @entity1 in the PU group received adjuvant chemotherapy than the RNU arm (25.9% vs 16.8%, respectively, P = .05). Kaplan-Meier median 5-year survival probabilities for @entity1349 (69.4% vs 75.9%, P = .06) and CSS (67.5% vs 72.1%, P = .06) were not significantly different between PU and RNU. On multivariable analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, @entity5 stage, @entity5 @entity39 , and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) status were significantly associated with CSS. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with UTUC, PU seems to provide oncologic efficacy equal to RNU. Ability to maximize global renal function with utilization of PU is an attractive strategy in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Comparative analysis of oncologic outcomes of partial ureterectomy vs radical nephroureterectomy in upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The importance of maintaining physical fitness by engaging in exercise in a life-long perspective as well as the avoidance of @entity28 has been emphasised in recent years by epidemiological studies on @entity1 populations as well as studies on laboratory rodents. In laboratory studies, @entity2798 in wheels and forced training in a treadmill have been used with beneficial results. Restriction of the food intake of sedentary laboratory rodents can be regarded either as life prolongation or prevention of life shortening by @entity28 . We compared the effects of these interventions on male @entity35 from the age of 5 to 23 months in the following groups: (1) RW= @entity2798 in wheels; (2) PW=fed to pair weight with RW animals; (3) TM=forced training in a treadmill; and (4) S1=sedentary with ad libitum access to food. Each group consisted of 32 animals, all housed individually in cages. Two RW animals died, five died in each of the PW and S1 groups and 10 in the TM group (p<0.05). The S1 and TM groups gained most weight, the TM less after the age of 21 months (p<0.05). The body weights of the RW group was lower than those of the S1 and TM groups all the time (p<0.001) and the difference increased all the time. Body composition was analysed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. There were no differences in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) neither between RW and PW at any time, nor between S1 and TM. @entity1386 was lower for RW and PW compared to S1 and TM. TM gained @entity1386 until the age of 17 months, while S1 gained @entity1386 all the time. S1 gained fat all the time, but the gain for TM levelled off. It stayed constant for RW until 13 months and decreased afterwards. We conclude that @entity2798 in wheels enhances survival and keeps body fat lower than in PW animals up to the age of 17 months. Body composition and survival data suggest that @entity2798 is more optimal than forced. Care must, however, be taken in analyses, since RW is a heterogenous group because there is a large variation between the animals with respect to how much they run.

title: Voluntary and forced exercise influence the survival and body composition of ageing male XXXX differently.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat free mass']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Evaluation is presented of whether or not a detailed neuromotor examination at 3 months of age could predict later @entity16 among term @entity1 with perinatal @entity308 . In a prospective cohort, @entity1 were neurologically evaluated at 3 and 12 months. @entity1 were scored from 0 to 5 according to a new neuromotor scoring system. The neuromotor score at 3 months ( @entity3326 -3) was compared with the @entity3326 at 12 months ( @entity3326 -12). Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled in the study; nine were lost to follow-up, and five died before reaching 1 year. Sixty @entity1 were examined ( @entity16 = 52%, normal = 48% at 1 year). The @entity3326 -3 correlated strongly with the @entity3326 -12 and the results of the 12-month neurologic examination. All @entity1 with a @entity3326 -3 of 5 had @entity16 at 1 year. @entity1 with @entity410 had a significantly increased risk of @entity851 at 1 year. Eighteen @entity1 exhibited @entity854 . Using a simple scoring system, the results of the early neurologic examinations correlated strongly with outcome among term @entity1 with perinatal @entity308 . A subgroup of @entity1 had @entity854 . These findings suggest that in term high-risk @entity1 , the 1-year neurologic outcome can be predicted at 3 months of age using these parameters.

title: Early prediction of neurologic outcome after perinatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['transient abnormalities']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The @entity3038 is thought by many to originate from the vascular proliferation seen in @entity463 multiforme and has, therefore, been assumed to be endothelial. Immunohistochemical staining of four @entity3038 has led us to an alternate theory. Pathologically all four @entity5 were composed of at least two cell types; the first had a stellate, glial appearance and the second was either spindled or polygonal in shape. Polygonal cells were associated with @entity1504 in some areas. Both components of each @entity5 were cytologically malignant. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 antibodies stained most of the glial-appearing cells and some of the spindled cells, but not the polygonal cells. Muscle specific alpha-actin and smooth muscle specific alpha-actin antibodies stained only the malignant spindled and polygonal cells and normal vascular smooth muscle. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and anti-factor VIII/related antigen antibody stained only cells lining vascular lumina. The staining results suggest that the malignant mesenchymal component of these @entity5 is of smooth muscle origin. Having demonstrated elsewhere that @entity1504 of @entity463 multiforme contain smooth muscle cells, we propose here that @entity3038 can represent one end of the spectrum of @entity11 -induced vascular smooth muscle proliferation.

title: Smooth muscle can comprise the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas', 'gliosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruloid vascular structures']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity3038 :: (MESH:D018316,Disease) :: ['sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas']


abstract: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate retrospectively the effects of several intra-operative manipulations on the results of @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) in @entity1 having @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 . Seventy-five @entity1 having @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 were operated on between 1975 and 1996. This population was grouped into 4 subgroups according to the surgical protocol: group I = 42 @entity1 with @entity5663 alone; group II = 16 @entity1 with @entity5663 and third ventricle shunting; group III = 9 @entity1 with @entity5663 and syringosubarachnoid shunting (SSS); group IV = 8 @entity1 with @entity5663 and cerebellar tonsils resection. Pre- and postsurgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were analyzed (and compared). Nine @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The results were evaluated in the 66 remaining @entity1 (mean follow-up: 52 months), using the Bidzinski's outcome scale (ref). Two @entity1 (3%) died postoperatively, 31 (47%) had very good results (after additional surgery in 7), 16 (24.2%) had good results (after additional surgery in 7) and 17 (25.7%) had poor results despite further surgery in 9. A total of 27 reoperations were undertaken after primary @entity5663 in 23 @entity1 (35%). Thirty-nine @entity1 (59%) had both pre- and postsurgical MRI evaluation. In 28 (72%) the syrinx had markedly decreased whereas it had remained stable in 11 (28%). Clinical results were not significantly different between the @entity1 of groups I, II and III. Very good or good results were obtained in 24 @entity1 (64.8%) of group I (after additional surgery in 10), in 8 (61.5%) of group II (after additional surgery in 1) and in 7 (87.5%) of group III (after additional surgery in 3). Results in group IV were as follows: 7 @entity1 (87%) had very good results and one had a good result. With a mean follow-up of 28 months, no @entity1 required additional surgery. Postsurgical MRI syrinx reduction was observed in all 8 @entity1 either in the early postoperative course or on delayed followup. It is suggested that tonsils resection might enhance the results of @entity5663 in individuals having Chiari I-related @entity1644 .

title: @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 . A 21-year retrospective study on 75 cases treated by XXXX with a special emphasis on the value of tonsils resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation', 'type I Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'foramen magnum decompression']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

answer: @entity5663 :: (MESH:D003665,Disease) :: ['foramen magnum decompression']


abstract: @entity5542 ( @entity5542 ), as a neurotoxin, was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 4 mg/g body weight to @entity35 pups on days 1 and 3 postnatally. The sexual receptivity expressed as @entity1515 quotient (LQ) in @entity5542 -treated female @entity35 (2.5 months old) was significantly lower than that of the normal female ones, and this poor sexual receptivity of @entity5542 -treated females could be improved by pinealectomy at the age of six weeks. In order to investigate the relationship between the inhibitory role of the pineal gland and the extrahypothalamic inhibitory pathway, normal control and @entity5542 -treated @entity35 were ovariectomized and implanted subcutaneously with @entity53 capsule (20% @entity4520 , in 2mm silastic tube) at the age of 2.5 months. Three days after implantation, sexual receptivity was observed. Then, the anterior roof deafferentation (ARD) was preformed one week later and the sexual receptivity in both groups was compared again. The results showed that there was no significant difference of the @entity1515 response between the @entity5542 -treated and the control groups before ARD, and the level of restoration by ARD in LQ of @entity5542 -treated @entity35 was similar to that of the control group. It seems that the extrahypothalamic inhibitory pathway of sexual receptivity may not be influenced by neonatal @entity5542 -treatment. Our previous results indicated that the behavioral sensitivity to @entity53 was altered by ARD. However, in the present study, the @entity1515 responses of @entity5542 -treated and pinealectomized female @entity35 were not significantly different from that of the control group after ovariectomy and exogenous @entity53 implantation. This means that the behavioral sensitivities to @entity53 were not changed by @entity5542 -treatment or pinealectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The action mechanism of the pineal gland in inhibiting sexual receptivity of female XXXX : (I). Is it concerned with the extrahypothalamic inhibitory pathway?].

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity5542 :: ('CHEBI:64243', 'Chemical') :: ['MSG', 'Monosodium L-glutamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and etiologic significance of multiple acute @entity2806 in @entity64 . BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 may have more than one @entity64 during the course of their lives, acute @entity385 is usually thought of as a single event. Using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), an MRI technique that detects @entity63 within minutes after onset, we have often observed multiple acute @entity2806 . METHODS: The MRI scans of 59 consecutively studied @entity1 were reviewed to determine the frequency and etiologic significance of multiple acute @entity2806 on DWI. RESULTS: Multiple acute @entity2806 were present in 10 (17%) of 59 @entity1 . The lesions usually occurred within one major circulation (anterior or posterior), but in two @entity1 (3%), lesions occurred in both cerebral hemispheres or in the anterior and the posterior circulations. The lesions often were small and resulted from presumed @entity999 or the break-up of an embolus. Two @entity1 had internal carotid artery occlusive disease and four had a cardiac or aortic source. In the other four @entity1 the source was not determined. Lesions larger than 1 cm in diameter progressed to @entity1188 , but some smaller lesions were not seen on follow-up T2-weighted imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple @entity64 on DWI are common and could be caused by @entity999 or the breakup of an embolus. In some cases it might become possible to make early inferences concerning the @entity64 mechanism that could be of use for immediately directing the clinical work-up and treatment of the @entity1 .

title: Multiple XXXX : marker of embolic disease?

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke lesions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['multiple emboli']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) in the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of AAHs in eight @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The CT findings of each @entity1412 were evaluated for multiplicity, location, shape, size and internal density of the lesion, the interface between the normal lung and the lesion, the internal features within the lesion and any change of the lesion on the follow-up CT scans (range: 33 to 540 days; average: 145.3 days). RESULTS: The eight @entity1 consisted of three @entity1 and five @entity1 (age range: 43-71 years). Six of eight @entity1 were asymptomatic. Four of them (50%) had @entity5 in the lung: @entity2220 (n = 3), and @entity957 from the uterus (n = 1). We could identify and evaluate eleven @entity1412 nodules in seven @entity1 on the CT scans. Three @entity1 had multiple AAHs. Seven of the 11 lesions (64%) were located in the upper lobe. All the AAHs showed a well-defined oval or round shape and pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) without any solid component (size: 3.9x3 mm to 19x17 mm; internal attenuation: -467 to -785 HU). All the AAHs showed no change of their size and internal density on the follow-up CT scans. CONCLUSION: Atypical @entity1412 is often associated with @entity5 . This @entity5 is shown on CT as persistent well-defined oval or round nodular GGOs without solid components, and it does not change on the follow-up CT.

title: CT findings of XXXX in the lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'synchronous malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia', 'AAH', 'AAH lesion', 'atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a 'non-proliferative' @entity631 . However, visceral glomerular epithelial cell (vGEC) proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and increased glomerular histone mRNA in passive @entity8157 (PHN), suggest that vGECs may enter the cell cycle and undergo DNA synthesis. We used in situ hybridisation for histone mRNA, an S-phase specific marker, to investigate this possibility and identify the cellular origin of histone mRNA in PHN and @entity8 . METHODS: PHN was induced in 16 @entity35 . There were 8 saline/serum controls. 12 animals were sacrificed on days 5 and 10. Renal biopsies from 10 proteinuric cases with @entity8 and matched controls were studied. RESULTS: Day-5 Heymann animals demonstrated more S-phase cells/glomerulus than controls (0.53 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.195 +/- 0.045; p < 0.01). Glomerular S-phase cells were also increased in @entity1 compared to controls (0.24 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.018; p < 0.03). In both experimental and @entity1 @entity8 , the peripheral location and morphology of glomerular histone mRNA-positive cells was typical of vGECs. CONCLUSION: The results in PHN indicate that vGECs recently injured with antibody and complement enter into the cell cycle and undergo DNA synthesis. The S-phase vGECs in @entity8 may indicate the persistence of @entity1200 . Whether or not this process leads to cell replication is open to question.

title: Visceral glomerular epithelial cell DNA synthesis in experimental and XXXX membranous disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'Membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['Heymann nephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The prognostic significance of @entity63 , alone and in relation to @entity63 during exercise was assessed in 686 @entity1 (475 @entity1 ) with @entity5749 taking part in the Angina Prognosis Study In Stockholm (APSIS), who had 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic registrations and exercise tests at baseline (n = 678) and after 1 month (n = 607) of double-blind treatment with @entity1406 or @entity1855 . Ambulatory electrocardiograms were analyzed for ventricular premature complexes and @entity308 . During a median follow-up of 40 months, 29 @entity1 died of cardiovascular (CV) causes, 27 had a nonfatal @entity583 , and 89 underwent revascularization. @entity1 with @entity65 had more episodes (median 5 vs. 1; p<0.01) and longer median duration (24 vs. 3 minutes; p<0.01) of @entity308 than @entity1 without events. For those who had undergone revascularization, the duration was also longer (12 vs. 3 minutes; p<0.05). In a multivariate Cox model including sex, history of previous @entity583 , @entity101 , and @entity6 , the duration of @entity308 independently predicted @entity65 . When exercise testing was included, @entity63 carried additional prognostic information only among @entity1 with @entity308 > or =2 mm during exercise. When the treatment given and treatment effects on @entity63 were added to the Cox model, no significant impact on prognosis was found. @entity1540 carried no prognostic information. Thus, in @entity1 with stable @entity951 , @entity63 during ambulatory monitoring showed independent prognostic importance regarding @entity65 . Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing provide complementary information, but only among @entity1 with marked @entity63 during exercise. @entity63 , but the short-term treatment effects did not significantly influence prognosis.

title: Prognostic implications of ambulatory myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias and relations to @entity63 on exercise in XXXX (the Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm [APSIS]).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment reduced ambulatory ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ambulatory ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['chronic stable angina pectoris']


abstract: The incidence of spontaneous @entity2615 of the tunica vaginalis testis, documented to be 1.3% in Fischer 344 @entity35 can be increased by long term exposure to @entity3323 . The light microscopic and electron microscopic features of @entity5 developing spontaneously in control animals were compared with those that developed in @entity3323 treated animals to determine whether the @entity5 in the experimental group have any distinctive characteristics. The experimental group comprised three subgroups, i.e. animals exposed to @entity3323 in three doses 0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg/day over a period of 104 weeks. A total of 35 @entity5 were examined--7 in control group, 9 in low-dose group, 8 in mid-dose group and 11 in the high-dose group. @entity5 measured less than 1 cm in diameter in aggregate and approximately one-third of all @entity5 were of microscopic size, less than 5 mm in diameter. All @entity5 were classified as epithelial @entity2615 . Three distinct microscopic patterns were recognized (papillary, tubular or solid). All @entity5 had papillary features, and focally showed some tubular or solid components. No ultrastructural differences were found between @entity5 of the four groups of animals. It was concluded that the @entity5 that developed in the tunica vaginalis testis of @entity3323 treated animals do not differ morphologically from those that developed spontaneously in control animals. Cellular uniformity, small size of lesions and the absence of perotoneal seeding and @entity3 suggests that the @entity2615 of tunica vaginalis testis of Fischer 344 @entity35 in this study were benign and equivalent to @entity1 benign mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis or @entity5 .

title: Mesotheliomas of tunica vaginalis testis of Fischer 344 (F344) @entity35 treated with XXXX : a light and electron microscopy study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatoid tumors', 'Most tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['acrylamide']


abstract: Evidence has accumulated that the @entity1024 receptor system plays a role in continuous and particularly, in stimulus-evoked @entity158 after @entity128 . We examined, in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over fashion, the analgesic effect of @entity3393 (a @entity1024 receptor antagonist) in a group of @entity1 with @entity1118 after surgery. We randomized 19 @entity1 to receive either @entity3393 or placebo in the first 5-wk treatment period. A washout period of 4 wks was followed by another 5-wk treatment period with the opposite drug. The dosage of drug was increased from 5 to 20 mg/d. @entity158 was recorded daily, with the use of a 0-10 numeric rating scale. Before and at the end of each treatment period, @entity158 and sensitivity were also assessed by using the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire, @entity1931 to touch, brush and cold, wind-up-like @entity158 , and thresholds to mechanical stimuli (pressure and von Frey hair). A total of 15 @entity1 (12 amputees and three @entity1 with other @entity128 ) completed the study. There was no difference between @entity3393 and placebo on any of the outcome measures. We conclude that @entity3393 at a dosage of 20 mg/d does not reduce spontaneous or evoked @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity128 pain. IMPLICATIONS: In a randomized, double-blinded and cross-over study, the analgesic effect of @entity3393 (a drug which reduces the excitability of sensitized neurons in the dorsal horn) was examined in 19 @entity1 with @entity1118 after @entity128 .

title: XXXX (a @entity1024 receptor antagonist) in the treatment of neuropathic pain after amputation or surgery: a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N:-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['Memantine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of partial liver resection in @entity1 with liver @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: All of the @entity1 who underwent a partial liver resection at the Rotterdam University Hospital during the period June 1984-August 1999 due to one or more @entity3 of a @entity14 were traced in the computerised hospital archive. Data concerning the primary @entity5 , the diagnostics carried out, the liver resection carried out and the clinical outcome after the operation were analysed using the statistical software SPSS. The actuarial survival was determined according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In total 163 @entity1 underwent an operation: 108 @entity1 and 55 @entity1 , with a mean age of 58 years (range: 32-77). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 34 @entity1 (21%), @entity281 and gall leakage. During the hospital admission 10 @entity1 died (6%). In the follow-up period, mean 30.2 months (median: 23.8) there was a recurrence of @entity14 in 82 of the @entity1 (50%). The actuarial 5-year survival chance was 37%. The only statistically significant unfavourable prognosis factor for survival, was a larger @entity5 volume in the liver at the time of the hepatectomy.

title: [The treatment of XXXX : good 5 year survival chance after partial liver resection at the Rotterdam University Hospital, 1984/1999].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mostly infections']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: To evaluate the @entity1576 resulting from myocardial revascularization with internal mammary artery (IMA) graft, we reviewed 153 @entity1 operated on between April and November 1988. There were 124 @entity1 with a mean age of 61 years. A bilateral IMA graft was used in 30 @entity1 (20%). During the harvesting of the mammary graft, the homolateral pleura was systematically opened. @entity1576 was more frequent in @entity1 with bilateral IMA (13%) than in @entity1 with unilateral IMA graft (3%) (p less than 0.05). Consequently, the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in @entity1 with bilateral IMA graft: 56 versus 23 hours (p less than 0.05). Lung volume measurements were altered according to a restrictive pattern. On the 9th post-operative day, forced vital capacity was reduced to 59.6% of the pre-operative value in @entity1 with unilateral IMA and to 47.1% in @entity1 with bilateral IMA graft (p less than 0.001). Late results were obtained in 111 @entity1 . After a mean follow-up of 7 months, forced vital capacity was still reduced to 86.8% of the pre-operative value in @entity1 with single IMA and to 78.1% in @entity1 with bilateral IMA graft (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, @entity1576 is not negligible. Bilateral IMA grafting should generally be reserved to young @entity1 (less than 65 years) with normal pre-operative pulmonary function tests.

title: [Myocardial revascularization with internal mammary artery graft: analysis of early and late post-operative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Acute respiratory failure', 'respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory morbidity']


abstract: We report a case of metachronous @entity706 . A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with a mass in the right scrotal contents. Physical examination revealed a solid painless mass in the right scrotal contents measuring 4 cm in diameter. He underwent right high orchiectomy. The histological examination confirmed @entity1893 of diffuse, large-sized cells of the B cell type. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed paracaval lymphandenopathy at stage IIE according to Ann Arbor classification. Chemotherapy was initiated with @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity1891 . Eleven months after the initial operation, the @entity1 complained of @entity4 , and subsequently underwent left high orchiectomy. The histological examination revealed the same pathology as observed in the right one scrotal contents. He was free from recurrence at 15 months after the second operation.

title: [Metachronous primary XXXX of the bilateral tests: a case report].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma of the bilateral testes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['left scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Physiological characteristics of the blood @entity26 transport system and muscle metabolism indicate a high dependence on aerobic pathways in the blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus. @entity4121 concentration and haematocrit were modest and the blood @entity26 affinity (P50=2.31 kPa at pH 7.4 and 28 degrees C) and its sensitivity to pH (Bohr factor, phi=-0.34) favour @entity26 unloading at a relatively high @entity26 pressure ( @entity4095 ). The intracellular buffering capacity (44.0 slykes) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (154.3 iu g(-1)) do not support exceptional anaerobic capabilities. Air-breathing frequency in the blue gourami is expected to increase when aquatic @entity26 tensions decline. Under threat of predation, however, this behaviour must be modified at a potential cost to aerobic metabolism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that metabolic responses to predatory challenge and aquatic @entity519 are subject to behavioural modulation. Computer-generated visual stimuli consistently reduced air-breathing frequency at 19.95, 6.65 and 3.33 kPa @entity4095 . Bi-directional rates of spontaneous activity were similarly reduced. The metabolic cost of this behaviour was estimated and positively correlated with @entity4095 but not with visual stimulation thus indicating down-regulation of spontaneous activity rather than breath-holding behaviour. Neither @entity4095 nor visual stimulation resulted in significant change to muscle @entity880 and @entity855 concentrations and confirm that aerobic breath-hold limits were maintained following behavioural modulation of metabolic demands.

title: The aerobic physiology of the air-breathing blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, necessitates behavioural regulation of breath-hold limits during XXXX stress and predatory challenge.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4121 :: ('CHEBI:35143', 'Chemical') :: ['Haemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Serum and urinary levels of @entity6111 (Omnipaque) were evaluated in 28 @entity35 after instillation of 1.5 ml of contrast medium directly into closed small bowel segments of equal length. Ten @entity35 had a ligature applied to the anterior mesenteric artery and vein via laparotomy, 10 animals had a ligature of the vein only and 8 had no @entity432 (operated controls). In addition, 3 @entity35 (non-operated controls, normals) were gavaged with a similar volume of the same contrast medium. Radiographs were obtained every hour. Biopsy samples and blood and urine tests were taken at the end of the 4-hour observation period. On radiographs, a marked @entity1494 was observed after 2 to 4 hours in the @entity35 with both vessels tied. Correspondingly high @entity1496 levels were measured in the urine and serum at 4 hours by x-ray fluorescence analysis. Urinary levels were 27 times and serum levels 8 times that of operated controls, respectively, and 81 and 25 times that of normals. @entity432 affected the @entity1494 to a lesser extent, giving urinary @entity1496 levels 12 times and serum levels twice that of normal controls. Neither urinary nor serum @entity1496 levels were significantly different from the operated controls. The operated controls had urinary concentrations of contrast medium 3 times that of the gavaged normal controls, but a barely visible urinary bladder on radiographs. Measuring @entity1496 levels in serum or urine may be helpful in the evaluation of the degree of @entity3137 induced by @entity1944 .

title: Urinary excretion of XXXX after intestinal administration in @entity35 with bowel ischaemia. The effects of mesenteric arterial and/or @entity432 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['increase of urinary bladder opacity', 'bladder opacity']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Venous occlusion', 'vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity6111 :: (MESH:D007472,Chemical) :: ['iohexol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of baseline disease variables related to @entity6 and @entity3949 severity on efficacy and safety of @entity4480 in the management of @entity6 peripheral @entity9 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The impact of baseline conditions was evaluated using the data from three pooled placebo-controlled studies for combined @entity4480 , doses of 60 mg q.d. and 60 mg b.i.d., versus placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the weekly mean of 24-h average @entity158 severity, and night @entity158 was the secondary measure. Safety and tolerability were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant (P > 0.10) interactions of treatment by age (< 65 or > or = 65 years), type of @entity6 (type 1 or type 2), duration of @entity6 (median split < 9.18 or > or = 9.18 years), duration of @entity3949 (< 2, 2 to < 6, or > or = 6 years), severity of @entity3949 (baseline Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score < 5 or > or = 5), baseline @entity3916 level (median split < 7.6 or > or = 7.6%), or baseline insulin use (yes/no). Significant interactions for both @entity158 measures were observed in baseline @entity158 subgroups (Brief @entity158 Inventory average @entity158 , > or = 6 and < 6). @entity4480 was more effective in the subgroup with more @entity158 . No significant association was found between any other subgroups (P > 0.10). Significant interactions (P < 0.1) occurred with treatment-emergent adverse events when stratified by subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 severity but not variables related to @entity6 or @entity16 may predict the effects of @entity4480 in @entity6 peripheral @entity9 . The efficacy of @entity4480 is related to the @entity158 severity and is generalizable across a broad spectrum of @entity6 @entity1 , including those with the highest severity of @entity6 or @entity16 .

title: Impact of disease characteristics on the efficacy of XXXX in @entity6 peripheral @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'initial pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['duloxetine']


abstract: Actinomyces viscosus @entity37899 is virulent (V) for monoinfected @entity35 , causing @entity2520 and @entity604 , whereas, A. viscosus T14AV, a mutant strain, is avirulent (AV). Surface antigens from the @entity37899 and T14AV strains were prepared by lysozyme digestion of cell walls and were compared by immunodiffusion against antisera to @entity37899 and T14AV whole cells. The V-associated antigen (V-antigen) was detected readily in the @entity37899 , but not readily in the T14AV cell wall extract. Antiserum specific for the V-antigen was prepared by absorbing anti-A. viscosus @entity37899 serum with cell walls from the T14AV strain. This antiserum was used in the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody technique to localize the V-antigen on the bacterial cell surface at the ultrastructural level. With whole bacterial cells, the V-antigen was found on fine fibrils and was detected in both the @entity37899 and T14AV strains. The presence of V-antigen on the AV strain was supported by the demonstration of antibodies against the V-antigen in anti-A. viscosus T14AV serum. Examination of isolated bacterial cell walls revealed a greater amount of fibrils and V-antigen on the @entity37899 cell wall than on the T14AV cell wall. The data suggest that the presence of V-antigen represents a quantitative rather than a qualitative difference between the V and the AV strains of A. viscosus @entity2731 . Samples of @entity1 plaque were examined, and the V-antigen was found to be a specific marker for the fibril-containing layer of certain plaque bacteria, which are probably strains of A. viscosus or A. naeslundii.

title: Identification of the virulence-associated antigen on the surface fibrils of Actinomyces viscosus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity37899 :: ('p|SUB|T|14|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T14V']

answer: @entity2731 :: (939,Gene) :: ['T14']


abstract: Portal circulation can be evaluated in a relatively noninvasive way by per-rectal portal scintigraphy. We used this method to evaluate portal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity409 and underlying hepatic @entity1800 ; the @entity1 did not need surgery or sclerotherapy, or refused it, so changes in the natural course were identified. A solution of @entity1497 was instilled into the rectum, and serial scintigrams were taken while radioactivity curves for the liver and heart were produced. The per-rectal portal shunt index was calculated from the curves. In a longitudinal study, 70 @entity1 (9 with mild @entity3619 , 10 with moderate @entity3619 , 7 with severe @entity3619 , 22 with @entity82 but without varices, and 22 with both @entity82 and varices) were examined at least twice at intervals of 12-102 months (mean, 39 months). The shunt index was higher for more severe disorders, increasing in the order of mild @entity3619 , moderate @entity3619 , severe @entity3619 , @entity82 without varices, and @entity82 with varices. The mean annual changes in the mean shunt index were 1.0% in mild @entity3619 , 4.4% in moderate @entity3619 , 6.1% in severe @entity3619 , 10.7% in @entity82 without varices, and 6.2% in @entity82 and varices. Cirrhotic @entity1 were arbitrarily divided into two groups of roughly equal size on the basis of the shunt index at the first examination. In those with a shunt index of 30% or more, the mean annual change was 4.7%. The @entity1 with a shunt index of less than 30% had a mean annual change of 11.8%. Changes in the portal hemodynamics were not steady. The shunt index rose gradually as disease advanced from mild to moderate and to severe @entity3619 and @entity1575 , after which the index rose rapidly when varices developed, slowing later.

title: Natural course of portal hemodynamics in XXXX with chronic @entity409 , evaluated by per-rectal portal scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1497 :: ('MESH:D013670', 'Chemical') :: ['Tc-99m pertechnetate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The course of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for @entity991 ( @entity991 ) is unclear. We documented the nationwide experience of the course of @entity31 , before and after OLT for @entity991 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 470 liver transplants were performed for 413 @entity1 between 1992 and 2003, in the Scottish Liver Transplantation Unit, UK. Twenty-six @entity1 had co-existing @entity31 / @entity991 . Of these, data from 20 @entity1 were studied over a median period of 11.9 years before OLT and 4.4 years after OLT; of the others, four @entity1 required colectomy prior to OLT, one died within 7 days of transplant, and one developed @entity31 after transplant. A significantly higher relapse rate (number of relapses/year of follow-up) was seen after OLT (median 1.0 versus 0.3; interquartile range, 0.10-1.42 and 0.01-0.40, respectively; P = 0.007). The corticosteroids requirement (number of courses/year of follow-up) after OLT was also significantly higher (0.40 versus 0.10; interquartile range, 0.51-1.13 and 0.05-0.12, respectively; P = 0.003). Twenty per cent of @entity1 (4/20) became @entity228 dependent after OLT. Thirty-five per cent of @entity1 (7/20) underwent colectomy after OLT: three for severe disease and four for @entity5 / @entity1141 . Five @entity1 (19%) developed @entity5 following OLT. CONCLUSION: Despite immunosuppression, @entity31 follows a more aggressive clinical course after OLT and is associated with a high rate of @entity5 .

title: The clinical course of @entity31 after orthotopic liver transplantation for XXXX : further appraisal of immunosuppression post transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: Acute @entity385 resulting from @entity432 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The mainstays of therapy are fibrinolytics and mechanical thrombectomy in properly selected @entity1 . A new Food and Drug Administration-approved technology to perform thrombectomy, retrievable stenting, may provide superior revascularization rates and improved @entity1 outcomes. We analyzed the cumulative @entity1 experience reported for the Trevo Pro Retrieval System (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) and the Solitaire FR Revascularization Device (ev3, Irvine, CA, USA) as the definitive treatment for acute @entity385 . A literature search was undertaken to identify studies using the retrievable stents published up to September 2012. Nineteen studies identified a total of 576 @entity1 treated with either the Trevo (n=221) or Solitaire (n=355) devices. Pooled data analysis identified median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores of 18.5    0.289 (standard error of the mean) and 17.9    0.610, and time to recanalization of 53.9    23.6 minutes and 59.0    8.0 minutes for the Trevo and Solitaire groups, respectively. Recanalization was variably defined by individual studies, most commonly achieving at least a thrombolysis in @entity385 score of 2a-3 or a thrombolysis in @entity583 score of 2-3. Revascularization (83%, 82%), mortality (31%, 14%), @entity548 (8%, 6%), device complications (5%, 6%), and good @entity1 outcomes (51%, 47%) were found with the Trevo and Solitaire devices, respectively. Preliminary analysis reveals excellent clinical outcomes for retrievable stent technology. This may be attributable to both high rates of revascularization with a relatively short time to perfusion restoration.

title: Retrievable stent thrombectomy in the treatment of acute XXXX : analysis of a revolutionizing treatment technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']