abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic cholestatic @entity111 (ChP) is caused by various @entity74 . This retrospective study describes the distribution of underlying diseases, clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy in a consecutive collective of @entity1 with ChP. @entity1 AND METHODS: Extensive data from 60 @entity1 with ChP (30 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 ; mean age: 58.0    17.0 years) were retrospectively statistically analyzed concerning demographic data, @entity111 characteristics, and response to therapy. RESULTS: In this study population, 40.0% of the @entity1 suffered from @entity1956 or C. Regarding the overall population, @entity111 started in 50% of @entity1 after diagnosis of the underlying @entity74 . Only in @entity1 with immune-mediated @entity409 did @entity111 more often occur before diagnosis (p < 0.05). Only 23.3% of the @entity1 reported an @entity709 . Along with other drugs, anticonvulsants proved to be an effective treatment regime. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, viral pathogenesis was the most common cause of ChP. Other underlying diseases were represented to a lower extent in the total study population. Overall, the collected clinical parameters in each group were comparable. Thus, it was difficult to draw conclusions on the pathogenesis.

title: Cholestatic XXXX : a retrospective analysis on clinical characteristics and treatment response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['initial palmoplantar pruritus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disorder', 'hepatobiliary disorders']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anterior knee @entity158 following intramedullary tibial nail insertion is high. Continuous peripheral nerve blockade is an alternative method of @entity158 control to opiods. This case illustrates the use of femoral nerve and sciatic nerve peripheral catheters with an elastomeric infusion pump for major intramedullary nailing surgery. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old male with @entity174 to the left leg bones presented for placement of an intramedullary nail under spinal anesthesia. At the end of the procedure, access to the lateral femoral and sciatic continuous nerve block was achieved by using a stimulator connected to a 110 mm 18G Tuohy needle. Postoperative analgesia was provided with a 40-hour infusion of 0.1% @entity1341 (400 mL) at a rate of 10 mL hour(-1) with an elastomeric pump. Anesthetic dispersion and contrast were investigated. The analog scale remained with scores below 3 during the 40 hours after surgery, and boluses were not necessary. CONCLUSION: The use of a femoral and sciatic nerve peripheral catheter offered an alternative to conventional @entity158 control. Continuous femoral-sciatic peripheral blockade via a @entity272 with an infusion of 0.1% @entity1341 with elastomeric pumps is a safe and effective procedure in adults.

title: A new, lateral, continuous, combined, femoral-sciatic nerve approach via a single XXXX for postoperative analgesia in intramedullary tibial nail insertion.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin puncture']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin puncture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) increases the risk of @entity344 . Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce these upper GI side effects, yet @entity1 compliance to PPIs is low. We determined the cost-effectiveness of gastroprotective strategies in low-dose @entity1281 users considering @entity1281 and PPI compliance. METHODS: Using a Markov model we compared four strategies: no medication, @entity1281 monotherapy, @entity1281 +PPI co-therapy and a fixed combination of @entity1281 and PPI for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1187 . The risk of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), @entity360 and @entity2210 was modeled as a function of compliance and the relative risk of developing these events while using medication. Costs, quality adjusted life years and number of @entity1187 events were evaluated, applying a variable risk of @entity360 . Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: For our base case @entity1 using @entity1281 for primary prevention of @entity1187 no medication was superior to @entity1281 monotherapy. PPI co-therapy was cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]    10,314) compared to no medication. In secondary prevention, PPI co-therapy was cost-effective (ICER    563) while the fixed combination yielded an ICER <    20,000 only in a population with elevated risk for @entity360 or moderate PPI compliance. PPI co-therapy had the highest probability to be cost-effective in all scenarios. PPI use lowered the overall number of @entity1187 . CONCLUSIONS: Considering compliance, PPI co-therapy is likely to be cost-effective in @entity1 taking low dose @entity1281 for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1187 , given low PPI prices. In secondary prevention, a fixed combination seems cost-effective in @entity1 with elevated risk for @entity360 or in those with moderate PPI compliance. Both strategies reduced the number of @entity1187 compared to @entity1281 monotherapy.

title: Gastroprotection in low-dose @entity117 users for primary and secondary prevention of XXXX : results of a cost-effectiveness analysis including compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['ACS']


abstract: A large animal model of fulminant @entity99 is necessary to test the efficacy of artificial liver support systems. A recent model was developed using @entity8688 in anesthetized @entity235 . Because of the difficulties encountered with prolonged anesthesia, a similar protocol was used in 10 unanesthetized @entity235 . Intravenous infusions of @entity8688 (1.0 to 1.5 gm/kg) did not result in uniform death of all animals at 72 hours or development of @entity4053 . @entity99 was observed in all animals, but residual hepatocyte viability was evident in some. All animals developed severe @entity1003 with histological evidence of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) in four. A clinical picture characteristic of @entity326 shock was observed in most animals as a terminal event. The presence of endotoxin was confirmed in all @entity235 tested after 12 hours (7/10). The differences observed between this model and the anesthetized model are probably because of the toxic synergism between @entity1508 and @entity8688 . Neither model seems satisfactory for the testing of artificial liver support systems. The @entity1508 model requires extremely long periods of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The present model does not cause uniform or universal death of the animals within 3 days. Foremost, both models result in @entity5642 and @entity326 shock, neither of which is likely to respond to bioartificial liver support or treatment with conventional dialysis membranes.

title: Galactosamine-induced fulminant XXXX in unanesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Severe hepatic necrosis', 'hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic necrosis']


abstract: We have compared @entity19 embryos of three heterozygous, congenic genotypes (with high, medium and low levels of oocyte-coded @entity8522 isomerase ( @entity24443 ) activity respectively) to test whether 1) the survival time of oocyte-coded @entity24443 activity in the early embryo is affected by its activity level in the oocyte and 2) whether embryo-coded @entity24443 is detected earlier in embryos that inherit low levels of oocyte-coded @entity24443 . The oocyte-coded @entity24443 was entirely GPI-1A allozyme in the high and medium groups but was the less stable GPI-1C allozyme in the low group. We determined total @entity24443 activity and the ratio of different @entity24443 allozymes in early embryos and calculated the activity of oocyte-coded and embryo-coded @entity24443 . In all three groups, the oocyte-coded enzyme activity remained at a more or less constant level for the first 21 1/2 days. Some oocyte-coded @entity24443 remained in 4 1/2 day embryos from the high and medium groups but was gone by 5 1/2 days. Very little remained in 4 1/2 day embryos that inherited low levels of a less stable form of the enzyme (GPI-1C allozyme). Despite a 4- to 5-fold difference in initial oocyte-coded @entity24443 activity, no differences were seen among the three genotypically distinct groups of embryos in the time of activation of the embryonic @entity24443 genes. The embryo-coded @entity24443 was first detectable in 3 1/2 day compacted morulae in all three groups. The level of oocyte-coded @entity24443 , in the high group, when embryo-coded @entity24443 was first detected was higher than the level in the low group at any stage prior to detection of embryo-coded @entity24443 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Genetic differences in glucose phosphate isomerase activity among XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity8522 :: ('CHEBI:21008', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Pericellular matrix is at the ideal location to be involved in transmitting mechanical signals from the microenvironment to a cell. We found that changes of the content of matrilins that link various pericellular molecules surrounding chondrocytes affect mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation and gene expression. Thus, pericellular matrilins may play a role in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. INTRODUCTION: Chondrocytes reside in a capsule of pericellular matrix (chondron), which has been hypothesized to play a critical role in transducing mechanical signals to the cell. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the levels of @entity42827 , major components of the chondrocyte pericellular matrix network, regulate activation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by cyclic load-induced @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional matrilins were decreased by expressing a dominant negative mini-MATN in primary chondrocytes or by using @entity4135 -null chondrocytes. The abundance of matrilins was also increased by expressing a wildtype @entity4135 or @entity21535 in chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were cultured in a 3D sponge subjected to cyclic deformation at 1 Hz. Chondrocyte gene expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and by Western blot analysis. Matrilin pericellular matrix assembly was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Elimination of functional matrilins from pericellular matrix abrogated mechanical activation of Indian hedgehog signaling and abolished mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Excessive or reduced matrilin content decreased mechanical response of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Normal content of matrilins is essential to optimal activation of chondrocytes by mechanical signals. Our data suggest that the sensitivity of chondrocytes to the changes in the microenvironment can be adjusted by altering the content of matrilins in pericellular matrix. This finding supports a critical role of pericellular matrix in chondrocyte mechano-transduction and has important implications in cartilage tissue engineering and mechanical adaptation.

title: Pericellular matrilins regulate activation of chondrocytes by cyclic load-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['matrix deformation']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['matrix deformation']


abstract: CONTEXT/BACKGROUND: Research has shown that @entity11532 ( @entity11532 ) is associated with @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and also with other @entity146 ( @entity146 ). Nevertheless, evidence about the relative contribution of each @entity74 for the risk of gambling in the population is very limited. OBJECTIVE: Study the association of @entity734 , alone and in combination with @entity146 , with the prevalence and severity of @entity11532 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional national survey (Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health and Well-Being) data collected through a multi-stage stratified cluster design. SETTING: Population-based household survey. @entity1 : This analysis includes data on 36 885 @entity1 (99.7% of the survey sample). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence and severity of @entity11532 were measured using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Prevalence of @entity146 (mood and @entity148 ) and @entity734 were defined according to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Composite International Diagnostic Interview, following definitions of the DSM-IV. RESULTS: Compared to the population, higher prevalence rates of @entity11532 are observed when the severity of @entity734 is higher, but are not impacted by the co-occurrence of @entity146 . For individuals with low risk and moderate risk/ @entity11532 , the prevalence rate difference (prevalence rate in the subgroup minus prevalence rate in the population) observed among substance dependents was reduced when @entity146 co-occurred (from a prevalence rate difference of 2.5; 99% confidence interval 1.6-3.8 to 1.6; 99% confidence interval 1.2-2.2 for low risk gamblers and from 3.7; 99% confidence interval 1.6-5.5 to 2.9; 99% confidence interval 2.0-4.3 for moderate risk/problem gamblers). Estimates were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of all levels of @entity11532 increased with @entity734 severity, but the pattern did not appear to be affected by @entity146 co-occurrence. Results suggest particular attention be given to @entity734 in treatment-seeking clients with co-occurring disorders.

title: Influence of co-occurring mental and XXXX on the prevalence of @entity11532 in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['problem gambling', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['type of disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorders', 'SUD']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance use disorders']


abstract: We report our experience with two cases of a rapidly growing @entity5 in the radiation field despite radiotherapy. Case 1 was a 75-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed as having postoperative recurrence of @entity418 in the right chest wall and underwent radiotherapy. A small nodule in the recurrent lesion grew to 20 mm in diameter at 70 Gy. The biopsy specimen was diagnosed as @entity6401 ( @entity6401 ) with no malignancy. Case 2 was a 78-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with axillary lymph node metastases of operated @entity2 and underwent lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. No subcutaneous @entity5 was seen at the beginning of radiotherapy. However, a small nodule appeared in the radiation field at 40 Gy, and it had grown to 30 mm in diameter at 70 Gy. The biopsy specimen was diagnosed as @entity6401 , showing granulation because of a remnant of surgical suture. Both FBGs disappeared within 3-6 months after radiotherapy. In cases in which a @entity5 has arisen from a site where surgical treatment had been performed and the @entity5 shows unnatural growth despite radiotherapy, @entity6401 should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

title: Unusual behavior of XXXX that grew rapidly in the radiation field during radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body granuloma', 'FBG']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity6401 :: (MESH:D015745,Disease) :: ['foreign body granuloma']


abstract: This paper is aimed to evaluatethe @entity3745 autoantibody (TgAb) interference in measurement of @entity3745 (Tg) between electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tg and TgAb of 84 sera, including 22 Graves' @entity1378 (GD), 24 @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) and 38 differentiated @entity259 (DTC), were measured by RIA and ECLIA, respectively. Recovery tests were carried out in 3 groups. The sera samples of the first group were added 3 different amount of Tg calibrator; the sera samples of the second group were diluted 5 times, then 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator was added; the sera samples of the third group were divided into different subgroups depending on TgAb concentration with adding 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator,Tg and TgAb were measured in each dilution by ECLIA and RIA. Recovery rate was calculated. The Tg and TgAb values measured by ECLIA were correlated with that measured by RIA (r = 0.676, P = 0.000; r = 0.677, P = 0.000, respectively). When TgAb concentration increased, the Tg values decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. The TgAb values were decreased when sera were diluted, and the Tg values also reduced by RIA and increased by ECLIA. The added different amount of Tg calibrator had not significant influence on Tg recovery rates. When TgAb concentration increased, recovery rates of Tg were decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. When sera were diluted, the recovery rates of Tg were increased by ECLIA while decreased by RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with Tg measurement in 10-400 ng/ml. ECLIA has wider measuring range and higher sensitivity than RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with TgAb measurement. When TgAb is positive, Tg values are underestimated by ECLIA and overestimated by RIA. When sera are diluted, Tg value and the recovery rate are increasing by ECLIA and decreased by RIA. Recovery test can not efficiently rectify Tg value when TgAb is positive.

title: [Research on comparison of @entity3745 autoantibody interference in measurement of XXXX between electrochemiluminescent assay and radioimmunoassay].

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Standard open anterior @entity169 repair is nowadays performed using a soft mesh to prevent recurrence and to minimalize postoperative @entity1118 . To further reduce postoperative @entity1118 , the use of a preperitoneal placed mesh has been suggested. In extremely large @entity547 , the lateral side of the mesh can be insufficient to fully embrace the hernial sac. We describe the use of two preperitoneal placed meshes to repair extremely large @entity547 . This 'Butterfly Technique' has proven to be useful. Hernias were classified according to hernia classification of the European @entity547 Society (EHS) during operation. Extremely large indirect @entity547 were repaired by using two inverted meshes to cover the deep inguinal ring both medial and lateral. Follow up was at least 6 months. VAS @entity158 score was assessed in all @entity1 during follow up. Outcomes of these Butterfly repairs were evaluated. Medical drawings were made to illustrate this technique. A Total of 689 @entity1 underwent anterior hernia repair 2006-2008. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Seven male @entity1 (1%) presented with extremely large hernial sacs. All these @entity1 were @entity1 . Mean age 69.9 years (range: 63-76), EHS classifications of @entity547 were all unilateral. Follow up was at least 6 months. Recurrence did not occur after repair. @entity1118 was not reported. DISCUSSION: Open preperitoneal hernia repair of extremely large @entity547 has not been described. The seven @entity1 were trated with this technique uneventfully. No @entity1118 occurred. CONCLUSION: The Butterfly Technique is an easy and safe alternative in anterior preperitoneal repair of extremely large @entity169 .

title: Anterior preperitoneal repair of extremely large XXXX : An alternative technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: Kidney transplanted @entity1 are often treated with immunosuppressive, antihypertensive, and antibiotic drugs such as @entity205 (CsA), b-blockers, and @entity2887 , respectively. Organic cation transporters (OCT) expressed in the basolateral membrane of proximal tubules represent an important drug excretion route. In this work, the renal expression of OCT after syngeneic and allogeneic kidney transplantation in @entity35 with or without CsA immunosuppression was studied. Moreover, the interactions of CsA, b-blockers ( @entity7690 / @entity2165 ), and @entity2887 ( @entity800 / @entity4258 ) with @entity40288 , @entity40289 , @entity3871 , and @entity40290 in stably transfected HEK293-cells were studied. Kidney transplantation was associated with reduced expression of @entity40288 , while @entity40289 showed only reduced expression after allogeneic transplantation. All drugs interacted subtype- and species-dependently with OCT. However, only @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and @entity800 were transported by @entity40290 , the main OCT in @entity1 kidneys. While CsA is not an OCT substrate, it exerts a short-term effect on OCT activity, changing their affinity for some substrates. In conclusion, appropriate drug dosing in transplanted @entity1 is difficult partly because OCT are down-regulated and because concomitant CsA treatment may influence the affinity of the transporters. Moreover, drug-drug competition at the transporter can also alter drug excretion rate.

title: Kidney transplantation down-regulates expression of organic cation transporters, which translocate b-blockers and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity2887 :: (MESH:D024841,Chemical) :: ['fluoroquinolones']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the role played by previous growth in the presence of osmolytes on the subsequent survival and @entity130 of @entity5125 during long-term chilled storage in a model buffer system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four @entity5125 strains were grown separately to stationary phase in Listeria minimal medium ( @entity3918 ) alone or in @entity3918 with 4% @entity1219 alone, or both these media supplemented with 1 mM @entity6211 and/or 1 mM @entity2228 betaine. Cells were resuspended in @entity1391 buffered saline (pH 5.5) and stored for four weeks at 4 degrees C. Initially, and at weekly intervals, samples were plated on both Tryptic Soy Agar and Tryptic Soy Agar with 4% @entity1219 to determine total numbers and degree of @entity130 in the populations. The numbers of cells within all strains after growth to stationary phase, except one which increased ( approximately 2 log cfu ml-1, P < 0.05) in the presence of @entity1219 , were not influenced significantly by previous growth conditions (P > 0.05). During subsequent chilled storage, however, numbers of all strains grown in the presence of @entity1219 remained constant while those grown in its absence decreased. The rate and magnitude of the decrease in cell numbers was strain dependent. The initial percentage of @entity130 increased significantly in all strains when grown previously in the presence of @entity6211 (P < 0.05). During subsequent chilled storage @entity130 increased for all strains in a manner that was strain dependent, but not related to the previous growth conditions. CONCLUSION: Previous growth in the presence of osmolytes of @entity1219 , but not osmolytes alone, increases the subsequent survival, but not percentage @entity130 , of @entity5125 during subsequent chilled storage in buffer. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows that risks associated with @entity5125 in chilled food may be influenced by the individual life histories of the cells.

title: The role of @entity6211 and @entity2228 betaine in the survival and @entity130 of non-growing XXXX cells during chilled storage.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sub-lethal injury']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: The optimal surgical treatment for displaced @entity6342 continues to be controversial. One of the new treatment options is the minimally invasive intramedullary nail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail (PHN) for the treatment of displaced @entity6342 in elderly @entity1 . From January 2004 to December 2008, 64 elderly @entity1 (age > 60 years old) with displaced @entity6342 were treated using TRIGEN PHN. A complete 12-month postoperative follow-up was available for 54 @entity1 . The study cohort included two-part (29 shoulders), three-part (22 shoulders), and four-part (3 shoulders) Neer classification fracture types. The Constant-Murley score was used to assess functional outcome. Radiological outcomes were evaluated, and all complications were recorded. All @entity174 were united. The Constant-Murley score data indicated that the @entity1 experienced improvement from 6 to 12 months postoperatively. The mean absolute Constant-Murley score on the injured side increased from 71.2    11.2 points at 6 months to 82.4    16.4 points at 12 months (P = 0.01). The mean neck-shaft angle 1 year after surgery was 125      8.1   (95  -140  ). Secondary complications were minimal and observed in only 6 of 54 @entity1 . In conclusion, the TRIGEN intramedullary humeral nail is effective for the treatment of @entity6342 .

title: A new approach for the treatment of XXXX using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: New ultrastructural observations are described in @entity272 of two brothers with @entity5302 ( @entity5302 ). Physical examination of the two @entity1 showed painful @entity272 of palms and soles combined with denderitic corneal @entity1066 and @entity1032 . The diagnosis of @entity5302 was confirmed biochemically with high @entity669 levels in both blood and urine. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed several abnormal ultrastructural changes in the epidermal cells. The horny cells contained heterogeneously, electron-dense cytoplasm with many lipid droplets. The granular cell cytoplasm contained abundant tonofibrils and keratohyaline granules. The spinous cell cytoplasm was vacuolated due to the presence of minute @entity669 crystals, which are known to have a lytic effect. The surrounding keratinocytes contained multilobed nuclei. The basal epidermal cells appeared normal except for Merkel cells, which were severely damaged by vacuolatio, also due to the presence of @entity669 crystals. This study showed that high @entity669 levels can induce several ultrastructural pathological changes in the epidermal cells, including the skin chemoreceptor Merkel cells.

title: XXXX : new ultrastructural observations on @entity272 of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5302 :: ('MESH:D020176', 'Disease') :: ["Richner-Hanhart's syndrome", 'RHS']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5302 :: (MESH:D020176,Disease) :: ['Richner-Hanhart's syndrome']


abstract: Glucocorticoids are known to impair the postnatal development of lung parenchyma by altering the formation of alveoli, and from the current understanding of the processes controlling the growth of the @entity2383 , it is likely that this impairment relies in large part on alteration of alveolar epithelial cell replication. From recent studies on the modulation of cell proliferation by glucocorticoids, it appears that events associated with the G1 phase of the cell cycle are a major target for the actions of these hormones. To gain some insights into the mechanisms involved in the growth arrest of lung alveolar epithelial cells by glucocorticoids, we focused in the present study on the effects of these hormones on the expression of the G1 cyclins and their cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs). We observed that when cells were blocked in their proliferation by @entity619 treatment, no changes in the expression of the various G1 cyclins, D1, D2, D3, or E, could be documented. Also, the levels of @entity15308 and @entity8985 in glucocorticoid-treated cells did not exhibit significant modifications compared with the levels in proliferating cells. Evaluation of the activity of @entity1364 -CDK complexes showed that activation of @entity1364 D- @entity8985 was not modified by @entity619 . By contrast, differences in the activity of @entity1364 E- @entity15308 complexes were found, with a profound decrease in the extracts of cells growth arrested by @entity619 . Studies of the factors potentially implicated in the inactivation of these complexes strongly suggested a role for @entity994 , as a dramatic accumulation of this protein was observed in cells treated with @entity619 . Moreover, changes in @entity994 expression appeared to be controlled mostly at the posttranscriptional level. Interestingly, a decrease in the levels of @entity13525 could be observed. These results indicate that glucocorticoids block entry of alveolar epithelial cells into S phase by specifically altering the activation of @entity1364 E- @entity15308 complexes through induction of the CDK inhibitor @entity994 .

title: Involvement of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity994 / XXXX in lung alveolar epithelial cell growth arrest induced by glucocorticoids.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar structure']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['WAF1']


abstract: Extensive tissue remodeling occurs in survivors of @entity647 , leading to nearly normal histology and physiology in the majority of individuals, whereas others suffer significant impairment due to the development of @entity3794 . Alveolar epithelial cells play a central role in the repair process. They are strategically located to directly participate in the solubilization of intraalveolar fibrin deposits, and have the capacity to promote fibrinolysis. We have previously reported that @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), an important inflammatory mediator in @entity647 , upregulates @entity2290 expression by @entity1 A549 cells (1). In this work, we show that @entity1356 increases cell-surface plasmin generation, mediated in part by increased expression of urokinase receptor ( @entity10431 ). Northern blot analyses demonstrated that @entity1356 rapidly induces accumulation of @entity10431 messenger RNA (mRNA) in a dose-dependent fashion, and that this effect is blocked by @entity4316 . The @entity1356 -mediated increase in @entity10431 mRNA is inhibited by: (1) the relatively specific @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors @entity667 (H7) and @entity11616 ; and (2) prolonged pretreatment of cells with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), suggesting that @entity7131 is an important component of the signaling pathway. @entity18398 , an inhibitor of @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatases, markedly potentiates the effect of @entity1356 on @entity10431 mRNA levels. In contrast, @entity619 , in concentrations as low as 10(-8) M, completely blocks the @entity1356 -mediated increase in @entity10431 mRNA. Half-life experiments show that @entity619 has no effect on @entity10431 mRNA stability. @entity1369 , at concentrations in which it binds primarily to the mineralocorticoid receptor, has no effect on @entity10431 expression, suggesting that the glucocorticoid effect is due to a transrepressive mechanism. In summary, @entity1356 increases cell-surface plasmin generation in A549 cells by coordinately upregulating urokinase and @entity10431 expression. Transcriptional activation of the @entity10431 gene involves @entity7131 -dependent mechanisms, and glucocorticoid suppression is probably due to interactions between the @entity4738 and another transcriptional activating system such as @entity11346 ( @entity11346 ) and/or nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB).

title: Induction of XXXX receptor by @entity1356 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity667 :: ('MESH:D019307', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['Okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity2290 :: (5328,Gene) :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']


abstract: Following the administration of @entity165 for a period of 6-7 weeks, Scanning Electron Microscopic (S.E.M.) observations revealed mono-cellular, crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes on top of the large intimal plaques in the @entity95 aortas. Finger-like and other shaped cell protrusions were observed at the edges of these crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes, giving the intimal plaques a rough appearance. At other sites, normal, smooth, although irregularly arranged, endothelial cells covered the lesions. By impregnating the cell borders with @entity7292 or @entity575 proteinate containing perfusates, it was possible in most cases to ascertain that the lesions were derived from changes in one cell or from changes in a small collection of cells. S.E.M.-observations further revealed crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes to be present in large fields or as isolated cell changes in normal areas at sites where no gross lesions were observed with the light microscope. In addition large, multi-cellular, crate-like endothelial changes were observed at the edges of the large intimal plaques. At these sites several endothelial cells were lacking, leaving behind a crater in which sometimes cells and a few fibrin threads were found. Following the administration of @entity165 for periods of 4-5 and 2-3 weeks similar monocellular changes were observed, some extending over large areas, other as single cells in apparently normal surroundings. Quantitatively the number of lesions was less than when the @entity165 was administered for a longer period. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of large amounts of membrane-bound lipid globules in the subendothelial spaces and within some endothelial cells, structures which were assumed to be cross-sections of the crater-like or dome-shaped endothelial cell protrusions, visible with the S.E.M.

title: Scanning electron microscopic observations of endothelial changes in experimentally induced atheromatosis of XXXX aortas.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver-nitrate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Radiolabeled first-generation anti- @entity5 -associated glycoprotein-72 ( @entity2797 ) monoclonal antibody (MAb), B72.3, has proven useful in detecting primary and secondary @entity14 . It has been anticipated that the development of second-generation, higher affinity, anti- @entity2797 MAbs, CC49 and @entity44050 , would be of greater use in @entity5 detection and of value in radioimmunotherapy of @entity1 @entity5 . We compared the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and immune responses of 131I-labeled CC49 and @entity44050 to 125I-labeled B72.3 by preoperatively coninjecting dual-labeled MAbs into 16 @entity14 @entity1 . The imaging properties of radiolabeled CC49 and @entity44050 were also assessed. Pharmacokinetics of all three MAbs were identical, and there were no differences in the uptake of any of three MAbs in @entity5 and normal tissues. Maximum @entity5 uptake was 0.0041% of the injected dose/g for 125I-B72.3, 0.0024% for 131I-CC49, and 0.0029% for 131I- @entity44050 . Radiolabeled CC49 and @entity44050 detected most known @entity5 sites on scintigrams without any clear advantage for either MAb. Nonspecific splenic and testicular uptake was frequently observed. Anti-idiotypic human anti-mouse antibody responses were seen more frequently with B72.3 than with CC49 or @entity44050 . We conclude that higher affinity, radiolabeled anti- @entity2797 MAbs can detect @entity14 but do not penetrate these @entity5 more effectively than B72.3. Improvements in @entity5 detection and radioimmunotherapeutic strategies will likely require the administration of smaller fragments of MAb molecules or novel delivery systems rather than the continued development of higher affinity MAbs.

title: Comparative dual label study of first and second generation antitumor-associated glycoprotein-72 monoclonal antibodies in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity879 is uncommon but not a rare complication of @entity99 . It can happen after ingestion of @entity1443 and exposure to toxins and @entity99 viruses. The defining clinical symptoms are @entity1003 and @entity75 occurring within days or weeks of the primary insult in @entity1 without preexisting @entity99 . @entity879 is often complicated by @entity177 and @entity295 . The most life-threatening complications are @entity295 , @entity177 , and @entity2657 . The clinical signs of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) are nonspecific except for @entity51 in impending @entity3308 . Computed tomography of the brain is not sensitive enough in gauging @entity428 or ruling out @entity2657 . Intracranial pressure monitoring, transcranial Doppler, and jugular venous oximetry provide valuable information for monitoring @entity428 and guiding therapeutic measures in @entity1 with @entity75 grade III or IV. Osmotic therapy using hypertonic saline and @entity2656 , @entity2332 , and @entity1875 sedation are shown to improve ICPs and stabilize the @entity1 for liver transplantation. In this article, diagnosis and management of @entity99 and @entity2657 in @entity1 with @entity879 are reviewed.

title: Assessment and management of XXXX and @entity428 in @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem herniation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial hypertension', 'increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatitis', 'hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['cerebral edema']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effect of modifications of water activity (aw 0. 996-0.92) of a molasses medium with different solutes ( @entity653 , @entity413 , @entity1219 , @entity1521 or @entity5121 ) on growth, intracellular water potentials (psi(c)) and endogenous accumulation of @entity8371 / @entity3363 in the biocontrol @entity375 Candida sake. METHODS AND RESULTS: Modification of solute stress significantly influenced growth, psi(c) and accumulation of @entity3363 ( @entity413 / @entity7970 ) and @entity8371 ( @entity653 , @entity20704 , @entity10499 and @entity2656 ) in the @entity375 cells. Regardless of the solute used to modify aw, growth was always decreased as water stress increased. Candida sake cells grew better in @entity653 - and @entity1521 -amended media, but were sensitive to @entity1219 . The psi(c) measured using psychrometry showed a significant effect of solutes, aw and time. Cells from the 0.96 aw @entity1219 treatment presented the lowest psic value (- 5.20 MPa) while cells from unmodified media (aw = 0. 996) had the highest value (- 0.30 MPa). In unmodified medium, @entity653 was the predominant reserve accumulated. @entity653 and @entity10499 were the major compounds accumulated in media modified with @entity413 or @entity1219 . In @entity1521 media, the concentration of @entity10499 increased. In @entity653 - and @entity5121 -amended media, the concentration of @entity653 rose. Some correlations were obtained between compatible solutes and psi(c). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that subtle changes in physiological parameters significantly affect the endogenous contents of C. sake cells. It may be possible to utilize such physiological information to develop biocontrol inocula with improved quality.

title: Solute stresses affect growth patterns, endogenous water potentials and accumulation of XXXX and sugar alcohols in cells of the biocontrol @entity375 Candida sake.

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity20704 :: ('MESH:D004896', 'Chemical') :: ['erythritol']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['sugars']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Ultrasonography is widely used in cardiovascular research to quantify early @entity731 vessel wall changes. In this article, we examined the short- and long-term reproducibility of this technique in the common carotid artery, carotid bifurcation, common femoral artery, and superficial femoral artery. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of progressed @entity731 on reproducibility. METHODS: Repeated ultrasound examinations were performed by one observer on 15 healthy individuals and 18 @entity1 suffering from @entity301 . Intima-media thickness was determined by B-mode ultrasonography. The examinations were repeated by the same observer after a short time interval (short-term) and after a few weeks (long-term) and expressed as the mean difference between the measurements and the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS: The reproducibility of the intima-media thickness determination turned out to be best in the common carotid artery and the superficial femoral artery when performed in healthy controls (CV 5.6% and 5.5%, respectively). Reproducibility was less in @entity1 with clinical @entity731 ; this especially affected the reliability of the superficial femoral artery measurement (CV in healthy controls was 5.5%; in @entity301 @entity1 , 17.5 %). The reliability of the intima-media thickness measurements in the common carotid artery (CV in healthy controls was 5.6%; in @entity301 @entity1 , 9.5%) proved to be least affected by progressed @entity731 . A longer time interval between measurements did not affect the reproducibility of intima-media thickness measurements in healthy controls, whereas in the @entity1 it led to some decrease of reproducibility and to a major decrease in reproducibility of the superficial femoral artery measurements (CV changed from 12.7% to 17.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is a reliable and accurate technique to determine intima-media thickness in superficial arteries. In studies in which the intima-media thickness determination is used as a marker for generalized and @entity453 , the common carotid artery should always be included, whereas the benefit of inclusion of other arteries depends on age and the expected extent of @entity731 in the individuals studied.

title: Ultrasound assessment of XXXX vessel wall changes: reproducibility of intima-media thickness measurements in carotid and femoral arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 is a @entity669 kinase-specific inhibitor widely used for the treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). Studies reported the occurrence of additional @entity2008 in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative cell population emerging after treatment-induced suppression of the Ph-positive clone. These abnormalities were described in a relatively high proportion of @entity1 treated with @entity2213 compared with the anecdotal reports of similar cases in @entity1 treated with other drugs. However, the origin of these abnormalities as well as their biological and clinical significance are unknown. METHODS: The study involved 13 cases of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1860 carrying @entity2008 in their Ph-negative cell population after @entity2213 treatment. The presence of the markers within the @entity2280 + stem cell compartment and the cell culture growth were analyzed and @entity1 were followed over time. RESULTS: @entity2280 + cells express the cytogenetic markers present in Ph- cells, suggesting a possible involvement of the stem cell population. Cultured cells showed normal growth in all but 1 @entity1 . No growth advantage was demonstrated for the Ph-negative or the Ph-positive clone after cell culture. CONCLUSIONS: After follow-up of up to 49 months, none of the @entity1 had evolved to @entity2590 or @entity3052 . Hypothesis regarding the biological and clinical significance of these abnormalities are formulated.

title: Characterization of Ph-negative abnormal clones emerging during XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: @entity14822 in @entity6 @entity1 are likely to play an important role in the development of @entity731 . These @entity4977 include not only quantitative but also qualitative @entity66 which are potentially atherogenic. Both types are present in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and poorly controlled @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), whereas only @entity854 are observed in well- and moderately well-controlled @entity1723 . The @entity854 are increased @entity412 levels related to elevated VLDL and IDL and decreased HDL- @entity165 levels due to a drop in the @entity9477 subfraction. The increase of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins in plasma is related to higher VLDL production by the liver and a decrease in their clearance. Metabolic abnormalities of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins are more pronounced in the postprandial period. The decrease in HDL- @entity165 is related to increased HDL catabolism. Qualitative abnormalities include changes in lipoprotein size (large VLDL, small LDL), increase of @entity412 content of LDL and HDL, glycation of apolipoproteins, and increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. These @entity854 impair the normal metabolism of lipoproteins and could thus promote @entity731 . The physiopathology of @entity4977 in @entity6 is multifactorial and still imperfectly known. However, such factors as hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance (in @entity2175 ) are likely to play an important role.

title: Dyslipidaemia in @entity6 . Review of the XXXX and their consequences on the development of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of lipoproteins']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['Lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['qualitative abnormalities', 'main quantitative abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['main lipoprotein abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses of observational data indicate that pregnant @entity1 with @entity1375 have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Potential benefits of @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) supplementation remain unclear, and no systematic review or meta-analysis of trial findings is available in a setting of @entity249 ( @entity249 ). METHODS Relevant trials published until August 2012 were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases and bibliographies of retrieved publications without language restrictions. RESULTS From 630 articles retrieved, we included three trials with data on 220 @entity1 . One of these three trials stated 'live delivery' as outcome. @entity2016 treatment resulted in a significantly higher delivery rate, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 2.76 (95% confidence limits 1.20-6.44; P = 0.018; I(2) = 70%), a pooled absolute risk difference (ARD) of 36.3% (3.5-69.0%: P = 0.030) and a summary number needed to treat (NNT) of 3 (1-28) in favour of @entity2016 supplementation. @entity2016 treatment significantly lowered miscarriage rate with a pooled RR of 0.45 (0.24-0.82; P = 0.010; I(2) = 26%), a pooled ARD of -31.3% (-48.2 to -14.5%: P < 0.001) and a summary NNT of 3 (2-7) in favour of @entity2016 supplementation. @entity2016 treatment had no effect on clinical pregnancy (RR 1.75; 0.90-3.38; P = 0.098; I(2) = 82%). In an @entity249 setting, no data are available on the effects of @entity2016 supplementation on premature delivery, arterial @entity101 , @entity5869 or @entity1468 . CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analyses provide evidence that @entity2016 supplementation should be recommended to improve clinical pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with @entity1375 and/or thyroid autoimmunity undergoing @entity249 . Further research is needed to determine pregnancy outcome after close monitoring of thyroid function to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 levels within the trimester-specific reference ranges for pregnancy.

title: XXXX treatment and pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with @entity1375 undergoing @entity249 : systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['ART', 'assisted reproduction technologies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['Levothyroxine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity175 , a neuropeptide, has been shown in preliminary double-blind trials to reduce @entity2146 in @entity1 with acute @entity162 . Given that it has effects similar to those of @entity1091 and anticonvulsants on modulation of second-messenger signaling pathways and stabilization of neuronal membranes, this study examined the efficacy of calcitonin nasal spray in treating @entity162 in @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity162 using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. METHODS: A total of 46 hospitalized @entity1 experiencing either a @entity162 or a mixed episode, who were refractory to treatment with adequate doses of either a mood stabilizer or an antipsychotic, or a mood stabilizer/antipsychotic combination, and had a score of >= 16 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), were randomized to receive adjunctive nasal calcitonin 200 IU (n = 24) or saline (n = 22) spray for three weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the change in YMRS scores using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method. RESULTS: The clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. @entity1 had a mean YMRS score of 26 in the placebo group and a mean score of 25 in the calcitonin group. There were no significant differences in YMRS scores or percentage responders at three weeks between @entity1 who received calcitonin and those who received placebo. There were also no significant differences in change scores on any other scales. Few @entity1 experienced any adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the use of nasal @entity175 in the treatment of treatment-resistant @entity162 .

title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adjunctive calcitonin nasal spray in acute refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'acute manic symptoms', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with @entity1569 were treated for 12 weeks with @entity1943 analog, @entity2390 ( @entity2390 ) 50 or 100 micrograms by subcutaneous injection every 12 hours. The purposes of the study were to determine: (1) levels of @entity2690 , @entity413 , glucagon, @entity3770 ( @entity3770 ), and SMS 201-995 after a subcutaneous injection of SMS 201-995 and ingestion of a standardized meal; (2) nocturnal (0200 h) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before, during, and after treatment; and (3) the pharmacokinetics of SMS 201-995. @entity2690 peaks at 30 minutes were blunted from 65.8 +/- 11.0 mu U/mL without treatment to 26.7 +/- 8.6 mu U/mL and 7.7 +/- 2.0 mu U/mL after the 50- and 100-micrograms doses, respectively. Glucagon levels remained constant during the meal and were not affected by the 50-micrograms dose. Mean @entity413 levels were significantly elevated during @entity2690 suppression. @entity3770 was also rapidly suppressed by SMS 201-995 and remained so for 4 hours after the injection. Nocturnal TSH was blunted after 12 weeks of treatment (P less than or equal to .05). T4 and T3 resin uptake showed no @entity308 , and @entity1 remained clinically euthyroid. The plasma peak of SMS 210-995 occurred 30 minutes postinjection and half-life was longer than 2 hours. After chronic administration of SMS 201-995, @entity2690 was suppressed with resultant mild @entity1735 intolerance that persisted throughout the treatment course.

title: Treatment of @entity1569 with chronic subcutaneous administration of XXXX analog 201-995 ( @entity2390 ). II. Effect on pancreatic and thyroid hormone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['PP', 'pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['SMS 201-995', 'octreotide acetate']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: This analysis outlines the facts concerning @entity2587 and damages of 473 active basketball players covering a 5-year period in more than 100 clubs in southern Germany. The average age was 26.8 years and 34.5% were @entity1 . 658 medically treated basketball injuries were described in detail. With 40.7% distortions were the most frequent injuries followed by ruptures of ligaments in 24.6% and @entity174 in 9.3%. In the majority of cases the lower extremities were involved (65.3%), of which most commonly the ankle joint was injured (45.6%). Another 14% were lesions to the fingers and 12.9% trauma to the knee. In 3600 reported cases players did not consult a physician after inflicting distortions to a ankle or a finger. Aside from interaction with adversaries (41%) also the relatively heavy ball (650 g) caused 11.9% accidents. Survey shows, that younger players and "center"-players were most often subject to injuries. More than 2/3 of actives in question suffer from @entity158 due to basketball activities. 43.8%, mainly younger players, report continues @entity158 in the knee and 28.1%, predominantly older players, suffer from permanent damage of the ankle joint, caused by repeatedly occurring, however light, distortions of the ankle.

title: [Traumatology and XXXX in basketball].

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['permanent pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand key challenges in researching end of life issues and identify ways of overcoming these. DESIGN: Qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with researchers and focus groups with @entity1 affected by @entity5 . @entity1 : An international sample of 32 researchers; seven @entity1 with experience of @entity5 ; and four carers in south east Scotland. RESULTS: Researchers highlighted the difficulty of defining the end of life, overprotective gatekeeping by ethics committees and clinical staff, the need to factor in high attrition rates associated with @entity204 , and managing the emotions of @entity1 and research staff. @entity1 affected by @entity5 and researchers suggested that many @entity1 nearing the end of life do want to be offered the chance to participate in research, provided it is conducted sensitively. Although such research can be demanding, most researchers believed it to be no more problematic than many other areas of research and that the challenges identified can be overcome. CONCLUSIONS: The continuing taboos around @entity204 and dying act as barriers to the commissioning and conduct of end of life research. Some @entity1 facing @entity204 , however, may want to participate in research and should be allowed to do so. Ethics committees and clinical staff must balance understandable concern about non-maleficence with the right of @entity1 with @entity1442 to participate in research. Despite the inherent difficulties, end of life research can be conducted with ethical and methodological rigour. Adequate psychological support must be provided for @entity1 , researchers, and transcribers.

title: Key challenges and ways forward in researching the " XXXX ": qualitative in-depth interview and focus group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced illness']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration or death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['good death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity5 may lead to @entity458 with @entity148 and @entity308 as the most prevalent symptoms. Several investigators have found a correlation between psychosocial factors and @entity5 levels of @entity172 receptors and @entity1420 receptors (PRs) while others have not. The aim of this study was to investigate demographic characteristics and severity of @entity308 and @entity148 as expressed by the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 (HAD) scale of @entity1 with high or low PR expression in @entity0 . METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 with primary @entity0 were divided into two subgroups according to PRs expressed in @entity0 . RESULTS: The subgroup of @entity1 with PR-negative @entity0 expressed @entity308 , as measured by the HAD scale, to a smaller degree (4.7+/-4.1) than the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity0 (5.8+/-4.1). The difference was rather small but still statistically significant (t=2.1, df=236.7, P<.05). In contrast, we did not observe any correlation between @entity148 and PR status. Differences between the subgroups according to family history of @entity146 were observed (chi(2)=4.7, df=1, P<.05). In the subgroup of @entity1 with PR-negative @entity0 ; 13% of @entity1 had a family history of @entity146 compared with 23% of @entity1 with @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 expressed by @entity1 with primary @entity0 could be influenced by the PR status of the @entity5 ; however, other factors such as @entity5 treatment and family history of @entity146 could also be important.

title: Psychosocial correlates of @entity1420 receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'PR-positive breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Corneal grafts are believed to enjoy a degree of "immunological privilege" primarily due to the avascularity of the recipient bed. In this study orthotopic full-thickness corneal grafts were carried out in the inbred @entity35 , using a technique that is a close model of corneal grafting in @entity1 . The survival times of corneal grafts on nonvascularized beds of 28 fully allogeneic strain combinations were determined without the use of immunosuppression. Some combinations were rejected rapidly, e.g. DA ( @entity10171 ) into BN (RT1n) with a @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) +/- SD of 7.8 +/- 1.3 days, and some at a moderate rate, e.g. AO ( @entity10001 ) into LEW (RT1l) with an @entity1349 of 23.1 +/- 10.0 days, whereas in other cases survival was indefinite, e.g. WAG ( @entity10001 ) into PVG (RT1c), an @entity1349 of greater than 100 days. Orthotopic corneal grafts on nonvascularized beds between DA and AO parents and the F1, followed the basic rules of transplantation genetics. In addition, the rate of graft rejection was significantly faster (P less than 0.001) with corneal grafts from DA into AO placed onto a vascularized compared with a nonvascularized corneal bed ( @entity1349 of 6.8 +/- 2.4 or 12.1 +/- 4.0 days respectively). The rate of rejection of corneas on a vascularized bed was at a similar rate to that of orthotopic skin or heterotopic auxiliary heart grafts. The results indicate that the fate of a corneal allograft on a nonvascularized bed is dependent upon the particular combination of donor and recipient strain. No consistent association was observed between any donor or recipient RT1 haplotype and survival; this suggests that non-RT1 background genes may play a role in the survival of corneal grafts.

title: The extent of immunological privilege of orthotopic corneal grafts in the inbred XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Blood of 16 @entity1 with @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ), 9 @entity1 with @entity1148 ( @entity1148 ) and 13 healthy @entity1 was used for @entity1423 studies. When the aggregation was induced with @entity857 (0.01 microM), collagen (0.1 micrograms/ml) or platelet activating factor (PAF 0.5 microM) the plasma of the @entity1 with @entity4407 showed significantly @entity1423 (35%-44% of the value for the control groups). Independent of inhibitors of @entity1423 , thrombin (0.05 U/ml) caused similar aggregation in healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity4407 ; @entity1 with @entity1148 showed an @entity101 . @entity7544 -induced aggregation discriminated best between @entity1 with @entity4407 and controls. @entity7544 in concentrations ranging from 0.01 micrograms/ml to 100 micrograms/ml caused comparable dose-related amounts of aggregation in healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity1148 . Over the whole concentration range, @entity1 with @entity4407 showed significantly @entity1423 (28%-34% of the value for the control groups). This difference proved to be independent of the influence of inhibitors of @entity1423 . Though concentrations of alpha1-acid glycoprotein never reached inhibitory levels in the plasma of @entity1 with @entity4407 (n = 12) they were significantly higher compared with those in normal plasma (n = 12). @entity2002 concentrations in plasma of @entity4407 - @entity1 (n = 12) were in the normal range. Cellular @entity268 concentrations in @entity4407 (n = 10) are comparable with normal values (n = 5). The significance of the results for diagnosis and better pathophysiological understanding of @entity4407 is discussed.

title: [Thrombocyte function in @entity4407 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['reactive thrombocytosis', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decreased aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity7544 :: ('CHEBI:28918', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenalin']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['reactive thrombocytosis']


abstract: Numerous lifestyle, emotional, and biological factors have been identified as risk factors for @entity299 . These include socioeconomic status, early childhood and intimate partner abuse, disruption of sleep patterns, lack of exercise, and unhealthy food choices. Genetic and epigenetic factors are also critical components of the equation. A common denominator that links directly or indirectly all of these factors is @entity32 . In some instances, the production of inflammatory molecules may precipitate the illness, while in others they may be produced in response to the underlying cause. Regardless of whether through direct or indirect means, @entity32 contributes to the gradual loss of cellular energy substrates, which culminates in impaired diastolic performance. For that reason, to refer to a failure of the cardiovascular system as heart or @entity65 lessens the potentially important contribution of a myriad of other factors. This article begins with the premise that @entity299 is more than a @entity299 . An argument will be made that @entity299 can also be an economic, behavioral, and/or @entity74 , which subsequently gives rise to a metabolic failure. Therefore, a multi-systems approach should be taken to identify prior to the onset of damage biological and non-biological predictors of impending @entity299 .

title: Diagnosing XXXX from the perspective of the brain and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac functioning', 'heart disease', 'heart disorder']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1083 is the main cause of @entity5 and cervical @entity5436 worldwide. The second-generation @entity6637 test is a liquid hybridization assay designed to detect 18 HPV types. The aim of the present study was to detect the rate of @entity1083 and its various genotypes among Egyptian @entity1 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated 166 Egyptian @entity1 . They were classified according to cytology into those with normal cytology, chronic @entity3799 , and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in the studied groups was 15.06% (25/166). Among the 25 HPV-positive @entity1 , 16 (64%) were infected with high-risk HPV types, 4 (16%) with low risk HPV types, while 5 (20%) had both types. Twenty-one (84%) of the infected @entity1 harbored at least one high-risk HPV type, while 9 (36%) harbored at least one low-risk HPV type. Values of HPV viral load for low-risk @entity1083 showed no significant difference in the normal and chronic @entity3799 groups. But when HPV viral load of high-risk @entity1083 was compared in the normal, chronic @entity3799 , and @entity13763 groups, a significant difference was found. The same was detected between chronic @entity3799 and @entity13763 and between normal cytology and @entity13763 , suggesting an association between viral load and risk of @entity13763 and, accordingly, @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that HPV testing using the @entity6637 assay is a useful tool when combined with cytology in the diagnosis of high-risk HPV viral types in apparently normal tissues.

title: Screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) in Egyptian XXXX by the second-generation hybrid capture ( @entity6637 ) test.

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['SILs', 'squamous intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECT: Data obtained in @entity1 with @entity602 caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) were retrospectively reviewed to clarify clinical features and surgical outcomes in the Japanese population. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 who underwent surgery for OLF-induced @entity602 in the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, between 1988 and 2002 were observed for at least 2 years. Clinical data were collected from medical and operative records. The @entity1 were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale (maximum score 11). The relationships among various factors (age, sex, and preoperative duration of symptoms) affecting the preoperative severity of @entity602 and postoperative improvement were also examined. CONCLUSIONS: In this series the surgical outcome was relatively good and depended on the severity of @entity602 ; thus early and correct diagnosis is required to avoid poorer results. The male/female ratio was 3:2 and the mean @entity1 age at surgery was 61 years for @entity1 and 68 for @entity1 . The @entity1 commonly noticed @entity1183 or @entity158 in their lower legs or gait disturbances. In a total of 104 decompressed intervertebral disc levels, more than 80% of the ossified ligaments were at the T9-10 level or lower. The mean preoperative JOA score of 5.1 improved to 7.9 after an average of 46 months. The postoperative results statistically depended on the preoperative severity of @entity602 . Among studies of @entity1 with OLF-related @entity602 , the present study had the largest sample size, which should help clarify the clinical features of OLF @entity602 .

title: XXXX caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum: clinical features and surgical results in the Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'thoracic myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Thoracic myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity416 have efficacy in @entity5 . Our aim was to determine the @entity137 and efficacy of a postoperative regimen combining both treatment modalities in @entity1126 . METHODS: @entity1 were eligible after surgery for @entity6687 . Surgery included resection of lymph node positive @entity5 , incomplete resections and diagnostic laparotomy in unresectable @entity5 . @entity1 received a fractionated radiotherapy of 49.6 Gy accompanied by @entity136 once a week. After a 2-week rest, @entity1 were treated with @entity136 and @entity416 on a 3-week cycle. The treatment continued for 6 cycles in nonmeasurable disease or until disease progression or intolerable @entity137 . RESULTS: There were 18 @entity1 (resection/laparotomy 7/11) enrolled between August 2003 and April 2005. Radiotherapy was completed in all @entity1 and a total of 66 cycles of chemotherapy was applied. Fatigue and @entity390 were the most common mild adverse events. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 was rare after resection but frequent in unresectable disease and consisted of fatigue, @entity390 , duodenal @entity1066 , @entity3085 , and @entity255 in 1, 2, 2, 4, and 4 @entity1 , respectively. We observed a 50% disease stabilization rate in @entity1 with measurable disease. Median overall survival was 7.9 months in @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 . Median overall survival in @entity1 after resection has not been reached at a median follow-up of 19.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Radiochemotherapy using @entity136 followed by @entity136 and @entity416 is an active regimen with manageable @entity137 after resection of @entity1126 but has significant @entity137 in unresectable disease.

title: Radiochemotherapy followed by @entity136 and XXXX in @entity1126 : a phase I/II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'biliary cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: We have investigated the development of the Harderian glands of female @entity329 from birth to 8 months of age. The effects of @entity2493 injections on Harderian gland histology and @entity7170 deposits of female hamsters exposed to two different temperatures were also studied. The morphology of the Harderian glands from 30-day-old female hamsters resembled those of sexually mature adult animals. The intraluminal area occupied by @entity7889 increased significantly between 20 to 30 days of age. However, the relative number of mast cells per mm2 rose between 30 to 90 days. Both @entity7889 and mast cell numbers appeared clearly reduced in the 8-month-old group. Secretory cells characterized by large lipid droplets (type II cells) were not observed. Daily afternoon injections of 25 micrograms of @entity2493 to female hamsters exposed to 22 degrees C for 14 weeks resulted in the discontinuity of estrous cyclicity, a marked decrease in the intraluminal area occupied by @entity7889 , a reduction of the number of mast cells per mm2, and in a marked augmentation of the number of type II cells per mm2. Although the administration of similar dosages of @entity2493 to hamsters exposed to an environmental temperature of 32 degrees C did not interrupt estrous cycles, a clear reduction of the area occupied by @entity7889 was observed. However, the number of mast cells and type II cells per mm2 was unaffected in these animals. Our results suggest that hormones other than ovarian @entity230 are involved in the regulation of the female hamster Harderian glands. The possible role of @entity2493 on Harderian gland metabolism is discussed.

title: Female XXXX Harderian gland: development and effects of high environmental temperature and @entity2493 injections on histology and @entity7170 deposits.

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: @entity2661 participate in the pathogenesis of @entity101 and @entity1575 through alpha1-adrenoceptors. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of @entity1063 (NE) on @entity1 hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which exert vasoactive, inflammatory, and fibrogenic actions in the injured liver. Adrenoceptor expression was assessed in @entity1 HSC by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was studied in @entity593 -loaded cells. Cell contraction was studied by assessing @entity20383 . Cell proliferation and collagen-alpha1(I) expression were assessed by @entity665 incorporation and quantitative PCR, respectively. NF-kappaB activation was assessed by luciferase reporter gene and @entity9135 nuclear translocation. Chemokine secretion was assessed by ELISA. Normal @entity1 livers expressed alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors, which were markedly upregulated in livers with advanced @entity82 . Activated @entity1 HSC expressed alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors. NE induced multiple rapid [ @entity141 ]i oscillations ( @entity141 spikes). @entity3159 (alpha1-blocker) completely prevented NE-induced @entity141 spikes, whereas @entity1169 (nonspecific beta-blocker) partially attenuated this effect. NE caused phosphorylation of MLC II and cell contraction. In contrast, NE did not affect cell proliferation or collagen-alpha1(I) expression. Importantly, NE stimulated the secretion of inflammatory chemokines ( @entity5737 and @entity687 ) in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3159 blocked NE-induced chemokine secretion. NE stimulated NF-kappaB activation. @entity30462 , a specific NF-kappaB inhibitor, blocked NE-induced chemokine secretion. We conclude that NE stimulates NF-kappaB and induces cell contraction and proinflammatory effects in @entity1 HSC. @entity2661 may participate in the pathogenesis of @entity101 and @entity1575 by targeting HSC.

title: XXXX induces calcium spikes and proinflammatory actions in @entity1 hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity20383 :: ('MESH:C564253', 'Disease') :: ['wrinkle formation and myosin light chain II (MLC II) phosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the @entity146 diagnostic status, psychosocial correlates, and short-term outcome of youngsters with school refusal. METHODS: Thirty-three subjects (8-16 years) presenting with school refusal to a tertiary @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatry service were evaluated. Instruments administered at baseline and after 3 months (including an outcome measure at 3 months) were: The Missouri Assessment of Genetics Interview for @entity1 (MAGIC) to ascertain @entity146 diagnoses, a modified version of Parent Interview Schedule (PIS), and the @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). RESULTS: Twenty-nine subjects (87.9%) had a @entity146 diagnosis at baseline. @entity308 (63.6%) was commonest followed by @entity6542 (30.3%). Psycho-social factors influenced school refusal in a majority (87.9%). Twenty of the thirty subjects (66.6%) who could be followed-up had returned to school. @entity146 diagnosis persisted in 16 subjects. Younger age, being last-born, no or one diagnosis, and good baseline functioning predicted a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 morbidity is high in a clinic population of youngsters with school refusal. It is associated with temperamental, family, and other environmental adversities. Short-term outcome in these @entity1 is largely favourable in terms of return to school and global functioning.

title: Outcome of XXXX with school refusal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific phobias']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Odontogenic diseases can be a risk factor for life-threatening @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1583 during chemotherapy that induces myelosuppression of variable severity. Previous studies noted the necessity of the elimination of all odontogenic foci before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To enable planning for the adequate dental intervention, the oral medicine team must understand the general status of @entity1 and the intensity of the chemotherapy, which is sometimes difficult to be fully appreciated by dental staff. Therefore, a simplified grading would facilitate the sharing of information between hematologists, dentists and oral hygienists. This study aimed to introduce our myelosuppression grading of chemotherapies for @entity1583 and analyze the timing of occurrence of severe odontogenic @entity281 . METHODS: 37 @entity1 having received various chemotherapies for @entity1583 were enrolled. The chemotherapy regimens were classified into four grades based on the persistency of myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy. Mild myelosuppressive chemotherapies were classified as grade A, moderate ones as grade B, severe ones as grade C, and chemotherapies that caused severe myelosuppression and persistent @entity465 (known as conditioning regimens for transplant) as grade D. The timing of occurrence of severe odontogenic @entity281 was retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: Two @entity1 (5.4%) had severe odontogenic @entity281 after grade B or C chemotherapy. One occurred after extraction of non-salvageable teeth; the other resulted from advanced @entity2521 in a tooth that could not be extracted because of @entity882 . Both were de novo @entity1583 @entity1 . During grade D chemotherapy, no @entity1 had severe odontogenic @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The simplified grading introduced in this study is considered a useful tool for understanding the myelosuppressive state caused by chemotherapy and facilitating communication between medical and dental staff. During the period around the primary chemotherapy, especially for de novo @entity1583 @entity1 who often received grade B to C myelosuppression chemotherapy, caution should be exercised for severe odontogenic @entity281 by the oral medicine team, irrespective of whether invasive treatment is to be performed.

title: Myelosuppression grading of chemotherapies for XXXX to facilitate communication between medical and dental staff: lessons from two cases experienced odontogenic septicemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: We report the third case of a composite corticotroph @entity977 with interspersed adrenocortical cells. The 16-year-old male @entity1 presented with findings of delayed growth and @entity1167 . In contrast to the previous two cases, this @entity1 's @entity5 showed evidence of function as demonstrated by an elevated urinary @entity701 level. Imaging studies revealed a sellar mass that was excised transsphenoidally. Histologic examination revealed a composite @entity5 composed of distinct populations of large and small cells. The small cell population was PAS-positive and immunohistochemically positive for adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The large cell population had abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, was negative for PAS and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and stained positively for a panel of markers found in @entity134 -producing adrenocortical cells. Both populations showed evidence of proliferation as manifest by the presence of @entity1758 positive cells. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of distinct populations of large adrenocortical cells and small corticotrophs, with intercellular junctions between the 2 cell types. The intimate relationship between the 2 cell populations and the activated appearance of the adrenocortical cells suggests the possibility of a paracrine relationship between the two cell types. The identification of 3 @entity1 with @entity5 demonstrating strikingly similar morphological and ultrastructural features, and all occurring in the second decade of life, suggests that this represents a distinct pathologic entity.

title: A functioning composite 'corticotroph' XXXX with interspersed adrenocortical cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sellar tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['pubertal arrest']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: The rationale of our approach to the detection and characterization of @entity1 @entity1778 and @entity320 associated membrane antigens is to take advantage of the unique immunological recognition perspective of simians to huamn antigens. There are enough antigenic similarities between @entity1 and nonhuman primates to blunt the immune response of apes and monkeys to huamn species-specific antigens. Their response to allogeneic normal human antigens such as HL-A can now be managed by in vitro absorption procedures. High titered antibodies specific for @entity5 associated membrane antigens have not been well documented in serological studies with @entity1 ' sera. Immunization of nonhuman primates utilizes a fully immunocompetent recipient who has no @entity5 and is not on chemotherapy. The immunization can utilize adjuvants and other regimens that morally and ethically cannot be easily used for @entity1 allogeneic immunization. The simian antisera that are shown to be specific for @entity1 @entity5 membrane antigens can then be utilized for studies on the isolation and characterization of the antigens. Similar studies with HL-A antigens indicated that the solubilized partially purified antigens can then be used to elicit high titered antibodies in other simians. These latter antisera can then be used for more sensitive assays and studies on the association of the antigen(s) with the cell membrane. Although the work summarized here covers @entity1778 and melamona antigens, it is felt the approach will serve as a model for the detection by simian antisera of @entity5 -specific membrane antigens of @entity5 cells from @entity1 with various types of solid @entity5 .

title: @entity1 XXXX and @entity1778 associated antigens difined by nonhuman primate antisera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess quantitatively, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the synovial membrane volume in second to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in @entity1 with @entity309 and healthy controls, and to compare the synovial membrane volumes with a more easily obtained semi-quantitative score for @entity1184 synovial membrane. @entity1 AND METHODS: MCP joints of the dominant hand of 37 @entity1 and five controls were examined clinically and by MRI. Laboratory assessments were performed. RESULTS: Median synovial membrane volumes were considerably larger in clinically active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) joints (e.g. 0.97 ml in the second MCP joint) than in clinically inactive joints (0.54 ml) and control joints (0.04 ml). Nevertheless, group distributions overlapped and marked volume differences were found within clinically uniform groups. The semi-quantitative score was highly correlated with the synovial volumes (Spearman rho = 0.79; P < 0.00001). Synovial membrane volumes were poorly related to the presence of rheumatoid factor and to laboratory markers of @entity32 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that synovial membrane volumes, as determined by MRI, in finger joints are related to clinical signs of @entity603 , but also that the volumes may vary more than what can be accounted for by the clinical appearances. A semi-quantitative score may be sufficient for more routine purposes.

title: Finger joint XXXX in @entity309 : quantitative assessment by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the non-cytotoxic drug ( @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor and @entity2390 ) on growth of the multidrug-resistant @entity1 @entity356 cell line SGC-7901/ADR. METHODS: The effects of non-cytotoxic drug on the growth of SGC-7901 and SGC-7901/ADR cells were evaluated by @entity665 incorporation assay. The apoptosis of cells was measured by the TdT-mediated @entity1977 nick end-labeling assay (TUNEL) and flow cytometric assay. Western blotting was used to analysis the expression of cyclooxygenase ( @entity3840 ) protein in SGC-7901 cells and SGC-7901/ADR cells and @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) from SGC-7901/ADR cells with variable treatments. @entity11346 binding activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: @entity665 incorporation into SGC-7901/ADR cells treated with @entity12698 was significantly lower than that of control group (471.3 +/- 79.7 cpm vs 917.5 +/- 130.8 cpm, P < 0.05). When combined with @entity2390 , @entity12698 presented lower @entity665 incorporations than its used alone and decreased to 53.3% of that amount original. Either @entity12698 or the combination group markedly induced apoptosis in SGC-7901/ADR cells. @entity3840 protein in the SGC-7901/ADR cells was higher than in that of the SGC-7901 cells (1.543 +/- 0.052 vs 0.564 +/- 0.021, P < 0.05). The inhibition of @entity1262 could be achieved with @entity12698 alone and combination with @entity2390 (0.486 +/- 0.012, 0.252 +/- 0.014 vs 0.941 +/- 0.033, P < 0.05). Moreover, AP-1 binding activity could be suppressed by non-cytotoxic drug and showed a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION: The combination of non-cytotoxic drug significantly improved the inhibitive effects on the growth of multidrug-resistant @entity1 @entity356 cells.

title: Effects of non-cytotoxic drugs on the growth of multidrug-resistance XXXX @entity356 cell line.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3)H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']