abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17213 are usually asymptomatic and rare. Their importance is based on the fact that they carry the risk of serious complications. OBJECTIVE: To study the implications and the therapeutic approach regarding small bowel @entity7261 . METHODS: The medical records of 54 @entity1 with @entity66 of the small bowel, including Meckel's and duodenum @entity7261 , were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the 32 male and 22 female @entity1 was 53.2 years. RESULTS: @entity7261 were found in the duodenum in 11 cases, in the jejunum and ileum in 21 cases, and with Meckel's @entity7261 in 22 cases. In 24% of the @entity1 the @entity7261 were multiple. The most common clinical symptom was @entity490 , in 44.4%. Most of the duodenum @entity7261 were asymptomatic; 47.6% of the @entity1 with @entity66 located in the jejunum and ileum presented with chronic symptoms. The overall diagnostic rate for symptomatic @entity7261 before surgery was 52.7%; in 33.3% @entity7261 were found incidentally during other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Forty-one @entity1 were managed surgically. 15 @entity1 were operated on urgently because of @entity281 , 4 @entity1 for @entity548 , 5 @entity1 for @entity1321 , and one @entity1 for @entity1087 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of asymptomatic @entity17213 is difficult to ascertain. @entity1 with Meckel's and @entity7261 are usually asymptomatic, while the majority of jejunal and ileal @entity7261 @entity1 present with chronic symptoms. The pre-operative diagnostic rate is higher for @entity7261 . @entity17213 do not require surgical treatment unless refractory symptoms or complications occur.

title: Clinical implications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal diverticula', 'Diverticula', 'diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or rupture']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity17213 :: ('MESH:C537305', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel diverticula', 'Small bowel diverticula']

answer: @entity17213 :: (MESH:C537305,Disease) :: ['small bowel diverticula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) is associated with improved survival in @entity1 with severe low-flow/low-gradient @entity472 (LF/LGAS) without contractile reserve (CR) on @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with LF/LGAS without CR have a high mortality rate with conservative therapy. The benefit of AVR in this subset of @entity1 remains controversial. METHODS: Eighty-one consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic calcified LF/LGAS (valve area <or=1 cm(2), left ventricular ejection fraction <or=40%, mean pressure gradient [MPG] <or=40 mm Hg) without CR on DSE were enrolled. Absence of CR was defined as the absence of increase in @entity64 volume of >or=20% compared with the baseline value. Multivariable analysis and propensity scores were used to compare survival according to whether or not AVR was performed (n = 55). RESULTS: Five-year survival was higher in AVR @entity1 compared with medically managed @entity1 (54 +/- 7% vs. 13 +/- 7%, p = 0.001) despite a high operative mortality of 22% (n = 12). An AVR was independently associated with lower 5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio from 0.16 to 5.21 varying with time [95% confidence interval: 0.12-3.16 to 0.21-8.50], p = 0.00026). In 42 propensity-matched @entity1 , 5-year survival was markedly improved by AVR (65 +/- 11% vs. 11 +/- 7%, p = 0.019). Associated bypass surgery (p = 0.007) and MPG <or=20 mm Hg (p = 0.035) were independently predictive of operative mortality. Late survival after AVR (excluding operative @entity204 ) was 69 +/- 8% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with LF/LGAS without CR on DSE, AVR is associated with better outcome compared with medical management. Surgery should not be withheld from this subset of @entity1 solely on the basis of lack of CR on DSE.

title: Outcome after aortic valve replacement for low-flow/low-gradient XXXX without contractile reserve on @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to explore a new classification system based on the change of focal corneal curvatures and corneal thickness in Terrien's @entity528 with optical coherence tomography. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Ninety eyes of 59 @entity1 with @entity528 were examined with slit lamp biomicroscopy, Orbscan II corneal tomography and the Visante OCT system, and were staged according to S  veges's classification. RESULTS: The ratio of female to male @entity1 was 1.57:1. The ratio of bilateral to unilateral lesions was 1.27:1. The occurrence of bilateral lesion was higher in males than in females (x(2)   =   7.791, p   =   0.005). There was no difference in the mean age between female and male @entity1 (t   =   1.859, p   =   0.068), or between @entity1 with bilateral and unilateral lesions (t   =   1.797, p   =   0.078).The minimum corneal thickness at the thinnest point (MinCT) and anterior curvature of the peripheral cornea were almost normal in the initial stages of disease. The anterior curvature was flattened when MinCT became less than 0.56  mm, returned to normal when MinCT was no more than 0.24  mm, and bowed forward when MinCT was no more than 0.13  mm. The posterior corneal curvatures were bowed forward from their normal curvatures in 42 of 90 eyes when MinCT was no more than 0.41  mm. These eyes' MinCT ranged from 0 to 0.41  mm. There was a strong correlation between change of corneal curvatures and MinCT (r   =   -0.943, p   <   0.01). A new classification of six stages based on corneal curvatures is proposed for evaluating the development of @entity528 . Statistically, there was a moderate correlation between either the S  veges staging or the new staging and the width and circumference of corneal lesions, visual acuity, and simulated keratometric value (all r   <   0.6). The correlation of MinCT with the new classification based on corneal curvatures was higher than that with S  veges's classification (r 1 vs. r 2 , -0.943 vs. -0.801). CONCLUSION: The proposed new classification based on focal corneal curvatures is closely associated with @entity2687 , is valuable for evaluating the development of @entity528 and may enhance surgical planning.

title: Staging of development in XXXX based on corneal curvatures detected by optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thinning']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ["Terrien's degeneration", 'corneal degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Terrien's degeneration']


abstract: The development of @entity558 has been suggested to be mediated by an inhibition of cytokine synthesis. Here we have studied serum @entity777 and @entity637 levels in @entity19 after @entity558 administration. Repeated administration of @entity558 (35 micrograms daily for 4 days) to @entity19 induced a refractoriness (tolerance) to subsequent administrations of @entity558 in terms of induction of circulating @entity60082 . To investigate the mechanism by which @entity558 down-regulates its own induction of cytokine synthesis and the relationship between @entity777 and @entity637 production, we attempted to revert the inhibition of @entity777 and @entity637 production using agents like @entity4515 or @entity60 , previously reported to activate macrophage production of cytokines. Pretreatment with @entity4515 (4 micrograms, 10 min before @entity558 ) partially restored @entity777 production in @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 given 2 micrograms @entity558 . On the other hand, @entity4515 did not restore @entity637 induction in @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 , even when administered with high doses of @entity558 (up to 200 micrograms). A similar reversal of @entity558 resistance to @entity777 , but not @entity637 , induction by @entity4515 was observed in genetically @entity558 -resistant C3H/HeJ @entity19 . @entity60 also restored, although to a lesser extent than @entity4515 , @entity777 production. However, unlike @entity4515 , @entity60 could also partially restore @entity637 production in @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 , although only when @entity558 was administered at high doses. By contrast with @entity4515 , @entity60 was clearly more active in restoring @entity637 synthesis than that of @entity777 . Similar results were obtained in genetically @entity558 -unresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity19 . These data suggest that different mechanisms are implicated in the inhibition of @entity777 and @entity637 synthesis in @entity558 -tolerant @entity19 and that part of this inhibition can be overcome by @entity4515 or @entity60 .

title: Reversal of defective @entity777 production in lipopolysaccharide-tolerant XXXX by phorbol myristate acetate.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'LPS tolerance']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity18575 ( @entity22161 ) as an anti-acne medication is not yet approved in Japan. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a once-daily topical application of BPO 3% gel versus an inert vehicle gel in Japanese acne @entity1 . Three hundred and sixty @entity1 were randomized to receive BPO 3% or vehicle for 12  weeks. The primary efficacy end-point was absolute change in number of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) from baseline to week 12 to demonstrate the superiority of BPO 3% versus vehicle. Secondary efficacy end-points were absolute and percent change in @entity75 , inflammatory lesions (IL), non-inflammatory lesions (non-IL) and Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA). Change in @entity75 counts from baseline to week 12 for BPO 3% was superior to vehicle (difference, -21.0; P  <  0.001). Absolute and percent reductions in @entity75 , IL and non-IL counts were greater for BPO 3% at all study visits. The proportion of @entity1 with improvement in ISGA scores was significantly higher with BPO 3% than with vehicle from week 2. All adverse events were mild or moderate. Adverse drug-related reactions were higher for BPO 3% (30%) than with vehicle (5%). Local tolerability scores of grade 1 or more (slight to moderate) were more frequent with BPO 3% than vehicle with the most significant differences observed in dryness (56% vs 27% at week 1-4), peeling (19% vs 9% at week 1-2) and burning/stinging (58% vs 15% at week 1-12). These results indicate that BPO 3% is effective while maintaining a favorable safety and tolerability profile in Japanese acne @entity1 .

title: Is XXXX 3% topical gel effective and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japanese @entity1 ? A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study.

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['total lesions', 'TL']

answer: @entity18575 :: (MESH:D001585,Chemical) :: ['benzoyl peroxide']


abstract: This study sought to determine the long-term prognostic significance of persistent or transient negative T waves in @entity1188 . After @entity583 ( @entity583 ), QRS and T wave alterations may resolve. No clinical study has investigated the prognostic importance of persistent versus transient negative T waves. We studied 147 consecutive @entity1 with first @entity583 and >/=2 negative T waves in the @entity1188 on the electrocardiogram. One @entity52065 @entity1 developed Q waves. @entity1 were followed clinically for 60 +/- 21 months. T-wave normalization was observed early (before hospital discharge) in 34 @entity1 and late (at 4 +/- 1 months) in 65. Thirty @entity1 had Q-wave regression. Adverse outcome occurred in 57 @entity1 . There were 23 hard events ( @entity204 in 12 @entity1 and nonfatal @entity583 in 11). @entity1 with early or late T-wave normalization had similar event-free survival curves that diverged rapidly from that of @entity1 with persistent negative T waves, who had a worse outcome (p <0.0001). @entity1 with or without Q-wave regression had similar survival curves. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher end-systolic volume (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01, p = 0.007), the presence of multivessel disease (HR 3.33, p = 0.009), and persistent negative T waves (HR 2.92, p = 0.024) predicted hard events. Persistent negative T waves 4 months after first @entity583 were independently associated with a worse outcome, whereas Q-wave regression has no long-term prognostic importance.

title: Persistent negative T waves in the XXXX as an independent predictor of poor long-term prognosis after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity52065 :: ('MESH:C562907', 'Disease') :: ['hundred twenty']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related leads']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct-related leads']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity281 in wild populations of @entity32113 in forests in southeastern New South Wales and in rural Canberra, Australia was variable, relatively low and the parasite occurred predominantly in male @entity19 . @entity281 of BALB/c @entity19 occurred only via subcutaneous inoculation but was achieved using i) adults containing embryonating eggs, ii) adults containing active larvae and iii) active larvae dissected from the uterus of female worms. @entity281 was not established using adults containing unembryonated eggs and was not established via intraperitoneal, percutaneous nor oral routes. Evidence indicates that larvae develop to the infective stage in the uterus of the adult worm, suggests that an obligate developmental phase on the host skin does not occur and that autoinfection is possible. @entity281 predominated in males; females rarely became infected. When male BALB/c @entity19 were inoculated subcutaneously with M. @entity12732 , immediately paired with an uninoculated female and permitted to breed for 90 days, @entity281 was found in male and female offspring only of the second and subsequent litters or in the breeding female partner. Transmission to the young occurred within 21 days of birth and fifth-stage M. @entity12732 were found in offspring of the second and subsequent litters only after 35 or more days. However, when a male was inoculated but mating delayed for 23 days, @entity281 was found in progeny of the first and second litters. The life cycle is direct and the prepatent period in BALB/c @entity19 is estimated at 50-60 days. The precise mode of transmission of the parasite in breeding pairs of @entity19 was not determined but larvae remained active for approximately an hour in balanced saline solutions (pH = 7.2) and in @entity1 saliva but died under conditions emulating free-living (tap water pH = 7.1) and stomach (pepsin solution pH = 2) environments. Transmission was not effected by transplacental, transmammary nor transseminal routes. Consequently, it is difficult not to conclude that transmission may occur via penetration of skin or mucous membranes, and allogrooming behaviour may be particularly important in this regard.

title: Aspects of the life history of Muspicea borreli (Nematoda: Muspiceidae), parasite of the @entity19 ( XXXX ) in Australia.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Muspicea borreli (Nematoda) infection', 'infection', 'Experimental infection']

entities_list: @entity32113 :: ('10092', 'Species') :: ['Mus domesticus']

answer: @entity32113 :: (10092,Species) :: ['Mus domesticus']


abstract: A constant-flow preparation was used to assess coronary arterial resistance while activating pulmonary C fibres in @entity4486 -anaesthetized @entity235 . A Gregg cannula was passed through the left common carotid artery until the tip fitted snugly in the left circumflex coronary artery. The cannula was perfused with blood from the left femoral artery and blood flow through the cannula was maintained constant with a perfusion pump. Perfusion pressure in the coronary artery was measured from a side arm in the cannula, and resistance in that vessel was calculated as the ratio of pressure to blood flow. @entity2951 (10-20 micrograms/kg), injected into the right jugular vein, produced significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, coronary arterial pressure and coronary arterial resistance. These responses were abolished by bilateral vagotomy. Neither left atrial injections of @entity2951 nor acutely decreasing the systemic arterial pressure by occluding the inferior vena cava had a significant effect on the coronary arterial pressure or resistance. Additionally, overdrive pacing of the heart had no effect on the reflex decreases in coronary arterial pressure and resistance that were evoked when @entity2951 was injected into the jugular vein. alpha-Adrenergic blockade reduced the reflex decrease in coronary arterial pressure and resistance evoked by @entity2951 by 31 and 38%, respectively. Combined alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade reduced the reflex decreases in both coronary arterial pressure and resistance by approximately 89%. These results indicate that activation of pulmonary C fibres produces a reflex decrease in coronary arterial resistance, and that this response is due to the combined effects of increased parasympathetic cholinergic activity and withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic tone.

title: Stimulation of pulmonary C fibres decreases coronary arterial resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We performed a prospective study of forty-nine displaced @entity174 of the tibial plafond in forty-eight @entity1 managed, at three centers, with an articulated external fixator placed medially across the ankle joint. Forty ankles had interfragmental screw fixation of a @entity174 , and fourteen ankles had bone-grafting. The average duration of external fixation was twelve weeks. All of the @entity174 healed (one after delayed bone-grafting). There were no infections in any of the operative or traumatic wounds over the tibia. Two wound infections over the fibula resolved with treatment. Eight @entity1 were managed with antibiotics for a pin-site infection, and two @entity1 had curettage and d  bridement of a pin site in the hindfoot after removal of the fixator. Thirty @entity1 (thirty-one ankles) completed two-year data sheets at an average of thirty months after the injury. The average ankle score was 67 points. Twenty-one @entity1 had grade-0 or 1 @entity571 and nine had grade-2 or 3. One ankle had been treated with an arthrodesis. These data suggest that the prevalence of early complications associated with severe @entity174 of the tibial plafond and their treatment can be decreased with use of an articulated external fixator combined with limited internal fixation. We concluded that this technique of external fixation is a satisfactory technique for the treatment of these @entity174 .

title: Use of an articulated external fixator for XXXX of the tibial plafond.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'reduced articular fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infections with hantaviruses, mainly Clethrionomys-derived Puumala viruses, are known causes of @entity810 [ @entity7594 ( @entity7594 )] in western Europe. Laboratory diagnosis is primarily based on serology. At the time of clinical symptoms, viral RNA can hardly be detected in the blood or urine, indicating that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is of little diagnostic value for these infections. Biopsy material is usually @entity406 -fixed and, thus, regarded as poor quality for PCR applications. The aim of this study was to establish a technique to retrieve such material for laboratory diagnostic. METHODS: @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded kidney biopsies of 14 @entity1 with @entity177 either clinically suspected for @entity7594 (7 cases) or caused by unknown (2 cases) or known other causes (drugs, @entity370 ; 5 cases) were histologically investigated. An established S segment-specific PCR assay was applied to RNA isolated from the biopsies, and amplification products were verified by direct sequence determination. RESULTS: Investigations revealed a typical histopathological appearance for @entity9673 in all seven suspected @entity7594 cases and one case of unknown cause. With five of the suspected @entity7594 cases, hantavirus-specific RNA was detected. Sequence comparison revealed a close relationship to corresponding nucleoproteins of known Puumala viruses. CONCLUSION: The established technique provides a simple and powerful tool that expands the diagnostic possibilities, especially for otherwise unidentified or retrospective cases. It further allows insight into the molecular epidemiology of @entity7594 -causing agents.

title: Polymerase chain reaction detection of Puumala virus RNA in XXXX -fixed biopsy material.

entities_list: @entity7594 :: ('MESH:D006480', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome', 'HFRS']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde', 'formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been well known that @entity120 ( @entity120 ) caused by @entity299 ( @entity299 ) leads to reduced flexibility of the small pulmonary arteries, due to hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary circulation and alterations of the vasoactive profile. However, whether @entity299 -related @entity120 affects the elasticity of the systemic arteries, such as the common carotid artery (CCA), has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the CCA stiffness in @entity1 with @entity299 -related @entity120 using the radio frequency data technique. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity299 were included. They were divided into @entity120 and non- @entity120 (NPH) groups by the right heart catheter-determined or regurgitation velocity-determined mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( @entity7215 ). MyLabTwice (Esaote, Genoa, Italy) ultrasound machine equipped with automatic quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) capabilities was used to measure the left common carotid arterial (CCA) intima-media thickness and @entity432 . RESULTS: The results have shown that the left CCA internal diameter, pulse wave velocity, arterial wall tension, and local diastolic pressure were increased in the @entity299 -related @entity120 group compared with the @entity299 -related NPH group (all P  <  0.05). The left CCA internal diameter negatively and significantly correlated with the mean @entity7215 . CONCLUSIONS: Common carotid artery diameter and stiffness increase in @entity1 with @entity299 -related @entity120 . QIMT and QAS ultrasound techniques may provide a comprehensive assessment of the CCA remodeling.

title: Carotid Arterial Stiffness in XXXX with @entity120 Assessed with Radio Frequency Data Technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness parameters']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ), a disorder of unknown etiology, is the most common form of adult-onset @entity303 and is characterized by severe intellectual deterioration. The definitive diagnosis of @entity195 is made by postmortem examination of the brain, which reveals large quantities of @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) and @entity527 . The @entity3072 are composed of paired helical filaments associated with several cytoskeletal proteins. The primary protein component of @entity527 is @entity26673 amyloid, a 42-43 @entity535 peptide derived from a much larger molecule, the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Vascular @entity26673 @entity2783 is also prevalent in the disease. The mechanism by which @entity26673 amyloid accumulates in the @entity195 brain is unknown. Recent research has demonstrated that the precursor molecule, APP, is a transmembrane protein with a large extracytoplasmic domain, a membrane spanning region that includes the portion that gives rise to @entity26673 amyloid, and a short intracytoplasmic domain. The precursor has multiple forms among which are those that differ by a variable length insert within the extracytoplasmic domain. The insert has sequence homology to the family of Kunitz protease inhibitor proteins. Cellular and animal models have been developed to study the nature of APP processing and the biological and behavioral consequences of @entity26673 @entity2783 . The results of such studies indicate that the normal processing of APP involves enzymatic cleavage of the molecule within the @entity26673 amyloid region, thus preventing the accumulation of @entity26673 in the normal brain. The factors leading to abnormal processing of APP, and consequent @entity26673 amyloid accumulation within the @entity195 brain, have yet to be identified. In cell culture, the biological effects associated with @entity26673 amyloid include @entity2359 , while the peptide has also been shown to have dramatic behavioral effects in animal models.

title: Molecular and cellular biology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques within the parenchyma', 'senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic and neurotoxic activities']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer amyloid']


abstract: This is the first time the concept of total quality management in @entity130 is proposed. This is a prospective study done in 1997-2003. All burn admissions to King Fahd Hospital of the University, Division of Plastic Surgery, were included. Total number of cases is 240. Male @entity1 constituted 141 (59.2%); female @entity1 , 97 (40.8%), and 2 cases were not specified in forms. There were 114 @entity1 (0-18 years, 50.2%) and 113 adults (19-99 years, 49.8%). The source of admission was mainly emergency room (197, 82%) followed by outpatient department (27, 11.3%), and other hospitals in 16 (6.7%). The type of burn was mainly scald (16.3%), then flame (6.98%), electrical (6.5%), chemical (2.8%), friction (0.47%), and not specified in 33% of recorded cases. The most encountered body percentage burn was 1% to 10% and 11% to 20% in 36.7% and 25.9% of cases, respectively. Sixty-six cases (28.2%) were operated on. The reason for nonoperation was not indicated in 78.5% and refusal in 1.8%. The most frequent operation was split-thickness skin grafting followed by tangential excision + split-thickness skin grafting. Operations took mostly about 2 hours (53.8%). The region operated on was mainly upper limbs (42.6%), then head and neck (27.7%). The affected body part in electrical burns was upper limb, then the head. Preoperative photography was done in 17% and post operatively in 9.4% of recorded cases. Consultations were needed in 39.4% and responded to in 48 hours in 98.2% of them. Discharge was home in 80.9%, against medical advice in 7.5%, died in 7%, transferred in 4%, and other ward in 0.5%. No significant difference was observed between pediatric age groups and adults (>18 years old), also for electrical versus nonelectrical burns in relation to total hospital stay. Similar observations were made among various age groups with respect to total hospital stay. The clinicopathologic typing relation to age groups, nationality, and sex was found significant. Recommendations and the newly proposed zone of practice and concept of total quality management in @entity130 are included.

title: XXXX at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia: an audit and concept of total quality management, 1997-2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Burn injuries']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a dietary supplementation of bean extract on serum lipids, nutritional parameters, and fat excretion in feces.Sixty-two overweight and @entity28 (body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)) volunteers were randomized to receive the dietary supplement (n = 31, supplement group) or the placebo (n = 31, placebo group). There were 41 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 , ages 22 to 66 years. Two capsules of a dietary supplement or a placebo were administered three times daily for 3 mo. The supplement group was then invited to participate in an open-label study for 9 mo. Twenty-four subjects (7 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ) were randomized to receive two or four capsules of the supplement three times daily. Lipids and nutritional blood parameters were measured at baseline, after 3 mo, and at 12 mo. Excretion of fat in feces was measured. At 3 mo, reduction in serum concentration of @entity165 was found in the supplement group but not in the placebo group. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1674 in serum did not change in either group. In the 9-mo open-label study, no further reduction in serum @entity165 was observed. Low-density lipoprotein and the ratio of low- to high-density lipoprotein decreased, whereas @entity1674 remained unchanged. Serum @entity2186 and @entity1501 decreased but remained within the normal range. Ferritin and albumin in serum remained unchanged. No differences were observed in serum lipids and nutritional parameters between groups. The bean extract significantly increased fat excretion in feces. In conclusion, this dietary supplementation improved lipoprotein profile and enhanced fat excretion in feces in overweight and @entity28 subjects.

title: Dietary supplementation with bean extract improves lipid profile in overweight and XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) of the colon and rectum were previously considered benign. Newer studies have suggested that @entity1127 are different entities. The aim of this study was to reclassify lesions from a 5-year period previously classified as @entity1127 (THP), sessile serrated lesions (SSL), and other lesions. All @entity1 were confirmed in the Danish National Pathology Database for the occurrence of metachronous @entity1127 / @entity652 , @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and other @entity344 . Molecular pathology of the @entity14 were characterized and correlated with the index lesion. In total, 591 @entity1127 biopsy specimens were obtained from 480 @entity1 . The lesions were reclassified as: 358 THP, 109 SSL, 35 TA, 81 unspecified @entity1313 , four traditional serrated @entity652 , and 4 SSL with cytological @entity1141 . Seven @entity1 developed @entity14 in the follow-up period (1 @entity1 had SSL, 4 had THP, and 2 had unspecified @entity1313 ). Ten @entity1 developed other @entity344 . The @entity1 with SSL as index lesions who developed @entity14 harbored @entity8554 @entity817 mutation in both index lesion and the @entity189 . Sixteen percent of @entity1 with SSL subsequently developed a @entity1313 . Further studies are needed to clarify the @entity5 risk of SSL.

title: Hyperplastic polyps of the colon and rectum - reclassification, @entity817 and KRAS status in index XXXX and subsequent @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'colorectal HP into traditional hyperplastic polyp', 'polyps', 'Hyperplastic polyps', 'colorectal HP']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic lesions', 'neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors evaluated the outcome of radical surgery in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity5513 (VSs). METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with VSs > 4.0 cm in maximal extrameatal diameter were included in this retrospective study (Group A). The group was compared with a matched group of 167 @entity1 with VSs < 3.9 cm (Group B). In all cases the retrosigmoid approach was used. Outcome measures included @entity5 removal, @entity2103 , hearing, and the surgery-related complication rate. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 size in Group A was 4.4 cm and that in Group B was 2.3 cm. Total removal was achieved in all Group A @entity1 and in 97.6% of Group B @entity1 . The anatomical integrity of the facial nerve was preserved in 92% in Group A and in 98.8% in Group B. At last follow-up 75% of the @entity1 with @entity5513 had excellent or good @entity2103 , 19% had fair function, and 6% had poor function. In 33% of @entity1 (3 cases) with good preoperative hearing level, it was preserved. Newly developed @entity129 occurred in 3 @entity1 but proved to be temporary in 2 of them. A CSF leak developed in 6% of those who not previously undergone surgery. Compared with Group B, a significant difference was found only in the rates of the following parameters: excellent @entity2103 , useful and good hearing, @entity129 , and blood collection (p < 0.05). The perioperative mortality rate in both groups was 0%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with a giant VS, @entity5 removal can be achieved via the retrosigmoid approach with a 0% mortality rate and low morbidity rate, especially with regards to @entity2103 . In selected cases even hearing preservation is possible. Tumor size significantly correlates with postoperative outcome.

title: Functional outcome after complete surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['lower cranial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['giant vestibular schwannomas', 'giant VSs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'completeness of tumor', 'total tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['removal of giant vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) without glossectomy (GL) for late nodal @entity3 without local recurrence after brachytherapy for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 396 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with brachytherapy, a retrospective analysis was performed in 111 @entity1 who were clinically diagnosed as having nodal @entity3 without local recurrence and whose neck lymph nodes turned out to be pathologically positive after salvage surgery. One hundred and five @entity1 had undergone only @entity135 (the @entity135 group), six @entity1 had undergone @entity135 with GL (the @entity135 +GL group). RESULTS: The 5 year disease-free and cause-specific survival rates after salvage therapy for the 111 @entity1 included in this study were 58.1 and 61.9%, respectively. In the @entity135 group, there were only nine @entity1 who had local recurrence after @entity135 . In addition, only six @entity1 (5.7%) had a local recurrence within 2 years in the @entity135 group. Sixty-three @entity1 were free of disease after @entity135 , 31 @entity1 had regional or distant @entity3 without local recurrence and two @entity1 had progressive disease at @entity135 . In the @entity135 +GL group, four @entity1 were alive without disease and two died from regional or distant @entity3 . None of the @entity1 in the @entity135 +GL group were found to have malignant tissue in the pathological findings from the excised tongue. CONCLUSION: GL should be avoided or suspended when the clinical evaluation had revealed @entity177 without apparent local recurrence in the @entity5 @entity1 after initial brachytherapy.

title: Is glossectomy necessary for late nodal @entity3 without clinical local recurrence after initial brachytherapy for XXXX ? A retrospective experience in 111 @entity1 who received salvage therapy for @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mobile tongue cancer', 'N0 tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cervical failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['N0 tongue cancer']


abstract: The role of the cardiac current @entity34824 in arrhythmogenesis remains highly controversal. To gain further insights into the mechanisms of @entity34824 involvement in cardiac excitability, we studied the susceptibility of @entity19 with altered @entity34824 to @entity943 during various pharmacological and physiological challenges. Arrhythmogenesis was studied in @entity19 expressing either dominant negative @entity2303 -AAA or @entity164 @entity2303 subunits in the heart, models of @entity34824 suppression ( @entity11557 ) and up-regulation ( @entity164 ), respectively. Under normal conditions, both anesthetized @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity11557 @entity19 did not display any spontaneous @entity943 . In contrast, @entity164 @entity19 displayed @entity943 of various types. In isolated hearts, the threshold concentration for @entity1508 -induced @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was increased to 167% [corrected] in the @entity11557 and decreased to 54% [corrected] in @entity164 hearts when compared to @entity164 hearts. The number of PVCs induced by AV node ablation combined with @entity1371 was reduced in @entity11557 hearts and @entity101 @entity19 . After AV node ablation @entity11557 hearts were more tolerant, and @entity164 less tolerant to @entity3044 - induced @entity943 than @entity164 hearts. Analysis of monophasic action potentials in isolated hearts shows a significant reduction in the dispersion of action potential repolarization in @entity19 with suppressed @entity34824 . The data strongly support the hypothesis that in the @entity19 heart upregulation of @entity34824 is proarrhythmic, and that under certain conditions @entity34824 blockade in cardiac myocytes may be a potentially useful antiarrhythmic strategy.

title: Transgenic upregulation of XXXX in the @entity19 heart is proarrhythmic.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased in WT-TG']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['numerous arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity34824 :: (16534(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IK1']


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity0 can potentially downstage disease prior to definitive surgery. In this study, a @entity632 -based neoadjuvant regimen was administered to @entity0 @entity1 to assess 1) @entity5 response, 2) @entity5 involvement of resection margins, and 3) predictive value in @entity5 outcome. Eighty-two @entity1 with stage IIIA and IIIB @entity0 diagnosed between 1990 and 2003 were studied. All @entity1 received similar chemotherapy regimens, consisting of @entity632 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 , plus surgery and radiation therapy. End points measured include @entity5 response [complete response (CR) = 100%, partial response (PR) > 50%, or no response (NR) < or = 50%], resection margins for @entity5 , disease-free, and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed. Of the 82 @entity1 studied, 34 received neoadjuvant therapy, 48 received conventional postoperative treatment. Seventy-two per cent of the stage IIIB and 22 per cent of the stage IIIA @entity1 received neoadjuvant therapy. In the neoadjuvant group, 29 (85%) @entity1 demonstrated @entity5 response, 9 (26%) of which were CR. @entity5 -free resection margins were achieved in 94 per cent of the neoadjuvant group. Survival analysis demonstrated no benefit comparing neoadjuvant versus postoperative adjuvant therapy but hints at improved disease-free survival in neoadjuvant CR @entity1 (log-rank test, P = 0.07). Eighty-five per cent of @entity1 with @entity0 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy experienced clinical response, with 26 per cent CR, and 97 per cent @entity5 -free resection margins. CR may portend a better @entity5 outcome.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage III breast cancer']


abstract: @entity299 is an inflammatory process involving the pleura and pericardium secondary to @entity299 and can develop following transvenous pacemaker insertion. We now report a @entity1 who developed this syndrome following dual-chamber pacemaker insertion with active fixation of the atrial and ventricular leads. The pericardial fluid was bloody and had a neutrophilic predominance. The pericardial biopsy revealed @entity2396 with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The @entity1143 was exudative and had a neutrophilic predominance. Nine similar cases were identified in the English literature dating back to 1975. These @entity1 usually present within one month after pacemaker insertion. They have exudative pericardial and @entity1143 . The pericardial effusions can cause tamponade and may require treatment with either catheter drainage or a surgical window. Some of these @entity1 respond well to anti-inflammatory medications, including @entity229 . Therefore, early identification of these @entity1 could allow medical treatment and might help avoid the need for a surgical procedure. Cardiologists should remember that this uncommon syndrome can occur after routine endovascular procedures.

title: XXXX following transvenous pacemaker insertion: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinous pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'Post-cardiac injury syndrome']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Post-cardiac injury syndrome']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of an experimental anti- @entity731 drug in the adult male @entity5434 . A semipurified diet containing 0.5% @entity165 and 25.5% butter was fed to groups of 20, each, drug and placebo-treated animals for 18 months. Similar liver and arterial changes were present in both groups. However, we report here tissue changes seen in animals given placebo only, with plasma lipid and lipoprotein values of placebo-treated animals compared to those in animals fed nonatherogenic commercial ration. Animals fed atherogenic diet had enlarged livers (mean 3.9% b.w.), and all had evidence of hepatocellular lipid accumulation which was often marked and diffuse. @entity255 was common including mononuclear cell infiltration, bile ductule proliferation and portal tract @entity82 . Five animals had severe portal @entity82 with bands of connective tissue extending into and around lobules (bridging @entity82 ). All animals fed atherogenic diet developed @entity1007 (greater than 600 mg/dl) which was the result of a three-fold increase in five @entity165 and @entity14839 . @entity3952 was increased and @entity4722 was reduced in plasma phospholipids and @entity8557 . Plasma lipoprotein distribution was altered with a marked increase in low density lipoproteins, increased very low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins. These changes were undoubtedly caused by diet, i.e., high in @entity165 and saturated fat and limiting in @entity4722 . It is probable that diet-induced @entity99 would affect the pathogenesis of @entity731 in this model since the liver is central in the synthesis and metabolism of lipoproteins.

title: Diet induced @entity731 and XXXX in cynomolgus macaques.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity14839 :: ('CHEBI:17002', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol ester']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: The @entity855 -binding cassette transporter @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ) confers resistance to a number of clinically important chemotherapeutic agents. The proximal promoter region of @entity11092 is GC-rich and contains binding sites for members of the @entity3419 family of trans-acting factors that seem to be important for basal expression. As an approach to searching for other elements that may contribute to expression, we have sequenced and functionally compared the promoters of the @entity19 and @entity35 @entity24071 genes with that of the @entity1 gene. All three promoters are GC-rich, TATA-less, and CAAT-less. Conservation of sequence between rodent and @entity1 promoters is limited to a proximal region of 100 nucleotides containing binding sites for members of the @entity3419 family and a putative activator protein-1 element. The 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of @entity1 @entity11092 contains an insertion of approximately 160 @entity2036 comprising a GCC-triplet repeat and a GC-rich tandem repeat that is absent from the rodent sequences. Transient transfection analyses demonstrated that the conserved GC-boxes of all three genes are the major determinants of basal activity. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays, each GC-box can be bound by @entity3419 or @entity28549 . Unlike the rodent genes, the @entity1 @entity11092 5'UTR also binds @entity3419 but not @entity28549 , and the @entity1 promoter retains substantial activity even in the absence of the conserved GC-boxes. Finally, we show that the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 can repress the @entity1 and rodent promoters by a mechanism that is independent of the @entity3419 elements.

title: Cloning and Characterization of the XXXX and @entity35 @entity24071 Promoter Regions.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance protein 1', 'MRP1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: A retrospective matched-pair comparison was undertaken to evaluate the surgical and neurological outcomes after open and VATS thymectomy for @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) and @entity704 . Ten @entity1 and seven @entity1 aged 14-77 years were operated upon in St. Petersburg Center of intensive pulmanology and thoracic surgery during the years 1995-2002. Results of two groups were compared: 1 - operated by VATS (9 @entity1 ) and 2 - operated via sterno- or thoracotomy (8 @entity1 ). The first step evaluated the distribution of age, gender, @entity1737 severity, size, type of @entity704 and Masaoka's stage. No difference between the groups was found. At the same time, the length of chest tube, @entity190 , severity of @entity282 were significantly lower in the first group as compared with the second one: 1.3+/-0.9 vs 6.2+/-4.5 days; 82.5+/-22.7 vs 557.1+/-212 ml; and 1.9+/-0.8 vs 6.1+/-1.2 points respectively. The number of @entity260 was almost the same. All the @entity1 were followed up during 24-96 months. There were no @entity704 recurrences in the both groups. No statistical differences were found in @entity1737 course between the groups. A conclusion is made that VATS removing of noninvasive @entity704 is technically feasible and safe for the @entity1 . VATS thymectomy can provide the same results in @entity1737 treatment as the open approaches.

title: [Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of traditional and videothoracoscopic thymectomies in complex treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia', 'MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pains']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['myasthenic thymomas']


abstract: This study evaluates the contribution of two types of plasminogen activators (PAs; tissue-type PA (tPA) versus urokinase-type PA ( @entity2290 ) toward the invasiveness of @entity1 @entity320 cells in a novel in vitro assay. We identified two @entity1 @entity320 cell lines, MelJuso and MeWo, expressing @entity2290 or tPA as shown at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity level. MelJuso cells produced @entity2290 as well as @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ). The latter was, however, not sufficient to neutralize the cell-associated or secreted @entity2290 activity. MeWo cells secreted tPA, but the enzyme was not found to be cell-associated. @entity2289 production by these cells was not detectable. Plasminogen activation and fibrinolytic capacity of both cell lines were reduced by anticatalytic monoclonal antibodies specific for the respective type of PA or by aprotinin. In a novel in vitro invasion assay, antibodies to PA as well as aprotinin decreased the invasiveness of both cell lines into a fibrin gel, Matrigel, or intact extracellular matrix. Our results confirm the importance of @entity2290 -catalyzed plasminogen activation in @entity5 cell invasiveness. Furthermore, we provide evidence that tPA, beyond its key role in thrombolysis, can also be involved in in vitro invasion of @entity1 @entity320 cells.

title: Urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators are essential for in vitro invasion of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The importance of the interval between @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) was studied in 168 @entity1 with previously untreated, measurable, advanced @entity14 . They were randomized to receive @entity1500 200 mg/m2, followed by @entity1487 600 mg/m2 either 24 hours (arm A) or 1 hour (arm B) after @entity1500 . All @entity1 received leucovorin (LV) 24 hours after @entity1500 , 10 mg/m2 orally every 6 hours for six doses. The regimen was repeated every 2 weeks, with @entity1487 escalation as tolerated. Arm A was significantly better than arm B with respect to overall response rate (29% v 14.5%, P = .026), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; median, 9.9 months v 5.9 months, P = .009), and survival (median, 15.3 months v 11.4 months, P = .003). Significant differences between arms were not found in response rate, median @entity1054 , or median survival for the subgroup of @entity1 with rectal primaries who comprised 20% of the @entity1 in each arm. Significant factors prognostic for survival were performance status and number of metastases, as well as treatment. Age did not influence survival. @entity137 was similar in both arms and was primarily gastrointestinal. More @entity33 was seen in arm A. There were four toxic deaths secondary to @entity1398 and @entity281 (one from arm A and three from arm B) and three other deaths (two from arm A and one from arm B) that were possibly drug-related. The combination of @entity1500 with LV rescue and @entity1487 is an active regimen in advanced @entity14 ; its efficacy is increased in colon, but not @entity5 , when the interval between @entity1500 and @entity1487 is long (24 hours) rather than short (1 hour).

title: The influence of drug interval on the effect of XXXX and @entity1487 in the treatment of advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : New olive oil-based (OL) lipid emulsions (olive:soy oil = 4:1) have lower @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) (20% vs 60%) and higher @entity270 content (an antioxidant) compared with traditional @entity1460 oil (SO) emulsions. OBJECTIVE: : Compare efficacy and safety of OL with SO emulsions in preterm neonates (<28 weeks) at high risk for oxidative stress. @entity1 AND METHODS: : Preterm neonates (gestation 23-<28 weeks) were randomised to receive OL or SO emulsion for 5 days using a standard protocol in a tertiary perinatal centre (King Edward Memorial Hospital for @entity1 , Perth, Western Australia). Investigators and outcome assessors were masked to allocation. Plasma @entity37336 (lipid peroxidation marker), plasma, and red blood cell @entity1718 were measured before and after the study. Safety was monitored by liver function tests. RESULTS: : Forty-four of 50 @entity1 (OL-23, SO-21) completed the study. Both emulsions were well tolerated with no significant adverse events. F2- @entity10329 levels were comparable at baseline and study end. Oleic and @entity4722 levels were significantly high on day 6 in OL and SO groups, respectively. Long-chain @entity5204 levels were similar between groups despite the lower @entity5204 content of OL. The olive oil-based group had significantly higher levels of @entity60758 , suggesting @entity12592 enzyme inhibition in the SO group. CONCLUSIONS: : Olive oil-based emulsion was safe and well tolerated by preterm neonates. Similar long-chain @entity5204 levels were achieved in the OL group despite significantly lower amount of @entity5204 content; however, there was no difference in lipid peroxidation (F2- @entity10329 levels). Large trials are needed to confirm these benefits.

title: Parenteral lipid emulsions based on olive oil compared with XXXX oil in preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) neonates: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity37336 :: ('MESH:D028441', 'Chemical') :: ['F2-isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was done to emphasize the importance of ultrasound (US) and US-guided @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in the diagnosis of @entity378 . METHODS: Sixty-six proven cases of @entity378 were selected for this study. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, US observations, @entity400 , operative findings, and responses to appropriate antitubercular treatment. The US findings were interpreted with regard to the involvement of lymph nodes, intestine, peritoneum, solid viscera, and abdominal abscesses. @entity1 with disease limited to the musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems were not included in the study. RESULTS: Peritoneal @entity378 was the most common form, of the "wet" ascitic type. Ascites was clear in 19 @entity1 and complex in 17. @entity378 was seen in 37 @entity1 . There was a predilection of periportal, peripancreatic, and mesenteric locations compared with the degree of retroperitoneal involvement. Calcification and heterogeneous echotexture were seen in seven cases. @entity400 confirmed the diagnosis of tubercular @entity3329 in 19 @entity1 . @entity1944 was seen in 14 @entity1 . Hepatic or splenic involvement was seen as diffuse organomegaly; less commonly, focal lesions were seen. CONCLUSION: This combination of US findings in proper clinical settings are diagnostic of @entity378 . @entity400 confirms the diagnosis in @entity3329 , abscesses, and focal lesions of the viscera.

title: Ultrasound in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous lymphadenopathy', 'abdominal tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['abdominal tuberculosis']


abstract: We undertook a multicenter randomized trial to compare the efficacy of @entity8508 combined with transdermal @entity1242 and that of octreotide in the emergency control of acute @entity548 in @entity82 . Over 16 mo, 87 @entity1 with endoscopically proved active @entity548 from esophageal or cardiac varices were enrolled in five centers in France and randomly assigned to receive intravenous @entity8508 (2 mg and then 1 mg/4 hr over 24 hr) and transdermal @entity1242 (10 mg/12 hr over 24 hr) (group 1) or @entity2390 (continuous intravenous infusion of 25 micrograms/hr over 12 hr and then 100 micrograms at hr 12 and hr 18 subcutaneously) (group 2). Initial control of @entity548 was assessed at the end of 12 hr of treatment on the basis of stability of blood pressure and hematocrit level with no further transfusion requirements. At 12 hr, @entity548 was controlled in 59% (24 of 41) in group 1 and 78% (36/46) of group 2 @entity1 (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.064). Mean transfusion requirements over this 12-hr period were significantly greater in group 1 (three blood units; range = 0 to 13) than in group 2 (one blood unit; range = 0 to 5) (p = 0.002). After the first 12 hr, 20% of @entity1 (5 of 24) had repeat @entity548 in group 1 compared with 27% (10 of 36) in group 2. During the first 48-hr period, five @entity1 (12%) died in group 1, compared with 3 (6%) in group 2. Few side effects were noted in either group. However, in group 1 two @entity1 experienced severe @entity1168 ; it resulted in @entity204 in one @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity8508 plus transdermal @entity1242 vs. octreotide in the control of acute XXXX from esophageal varices: a multicenter randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose @entity674 ( @entity674 ) that lack KIT or @entity675 mutations represent a unique subtype of @entity677 that predominantly affects @entity1 . We sought to determine the effect on event-free survival (EFS) of staging variables, extent of resection, and repeat resection of @entity5 . Methods In 2008, a @entity922 was established at the National @entity5 Institute, allowing the development of a large clinical database. We included @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity677 . Associations with EFS (ie, freedom from disease progression or recurrence) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Among 76 @entity1 with @entity674 , the median follow-up was 4.1 years. Overall EFS (   SE) was 72.6    5.4% at 1 year, 57.6    6.2% at 2 years, 23.7    6.0% at 5 years, and 16.3    5.5% at 10 years postoperatively. Hazard of disease progression or recurrence was significantly increased for @entity1 with @entity3 (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.1; P = .04) and > 5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (AHR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.0; P = .03), whereas there was no significant effect of negative microscopic resection margins (AHR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.2; P = 0.86). There was no association between type of gastric resection (ie, anatomic v partial/wedge) and EFS ( P = .67). Repeated resection after the initial resection was significantly associated with decreasing postoperative EFS ( P < .01). Five @entity1 (6%) died after initial enrollment in 2008. Conclusion @entity677 is an indolent disease, and most @entity1 survive with disease progression. We found no improvement in EFS with more extensive or serial resections. Disease progression or recurrence may be more closely related to @entity5 biology than surgical management. These data suggest that resections for @entity674 be restricted to the initial procedure and that subsequent resections be performed only to address symptoms such as obstruction or @entity548 .

title: Surgical Management of Wild-Type @entity674 : A Report From the National Institutes of Health Pediatric and Wildtype XXXX Clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['WT-GISTs', 'Wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['WT-GIST clinic']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) technology plays an important role in the evaluation of injured @entity1 . At our institution pelvic X-ray ( @entity16566 ) is obtained routinely on @entity130 @entity1 . Many also receive MDCT of the abdomen and pelvis for other indications. We hypothesized that there would be a substantial cost savings in adopting a policy of deferring @entity16566 in a hemodynamically normal @entity1 who will also proceed to MDCT for other indications. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity130 @entity1 from February 1, 2008 to February 1, 2009. We reviewed whether a @entity16566 was done, the result, whether an MDCT was also done, and the presence or absence of @entity174 . We collected billing and cost data from various hospital sources. We identified 1,330 @entity1 with @entity16566 between February 1, 2008 and February 1, 2009. Of those @entity1 , 810 (61%) had MDCT after @entity16566 . Sixty-six @entity1 (8.0%) had @entity174 ; 39 were correctly identified on @entity16566 (59% of @entity174 ). Twenty-seven were detected only by MDCT (41% of @entity174 ); all @entity174 were identified on MDCT. Seven hundred and forty-four @entity1 (92% of @entity1 with both @entity16566 and MDCT) had negative @entity16566 and negative MDCT. Using three methods of cost analysis, the estimated cost savings range is from  77,011 to  331,080. MDCT of the pelvis is more sensitive and more specific than @entity16566 . In @entity1 who are hemodynamically normal and asymptomatic, forgoing routine @entity16566 could result in an estimated savings from  77,011 to  331,080, depending on the method used to calculate costs.

title: Retrospective review of the costs of routine pelvic X-rays in a XXXX setting.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pelvic fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study was designed to determine whether storage media and time affect any changes in water loss with @entity2700 of dentine. The effect of storage of prepared bars was also compared with storage of whole teeth. Prepared @entity291 dentine bars were stored for 3 days or 12 weeks in deionized water, @entity1391 -buffered saline or neutral-buffered @entity406 and whole teeth were stored in neutral-buffered @entity406 for 12 weeks before the preparation of dentine bars. Specimens were removed from storage and @entity353 with @entity2700 , determined gravimetrically, was equated directly to water loss. Tensile and three-point bend tests were made on @entity1 dentine bars that had been stored in deionized water or neutral-buffered @entity406 for 3 days. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple-range test. Weight loss by evaporation from dentine at 22.3 degrees C and 53.2% relative humidity was rapid and non-linear, reaching 5.05 +/- 0.55% for @entity291 dentine compared with 3.33 +/- 0.63% for @entity1 dentine after 7 days. Water loss with @entity2700 was not affected by 3-day storage of specimens in different media or by 12-week storage of whole teeth, but was affected when prepared specimens were stored for 12 weeks. Different storage media had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the strength or toughness of @entity1 dentine. Water loss in @entity1 dentine was associated with shrinkage of specimens, but these dimensional changes were fully recovered with rehydration. Storage of teeth in neutral-buffered @entity406 followed by minimal storage time for prepared specimens is recommended to minimize changes in dentine after extraction.

title: Effect of storage media on subsequent water loss and regain by @entity1 and @entity291 dentine and on mechanical properties of XXXX dentine in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3631 is a leading cause of @entity693 and @entity295 globally. Recent shifts in serogroup dominance in some settings highlight the desirability of polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines with @entity7135 than serogroup C vaccines in widespread use. METHODS: We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of meningococcal quadrivalent (A, C, W-135, Y) @entity116 conjugate vaccine ( @entity1619 ), administered at 1 year of age. A total of 378 @entity1 were randomized to 1 of 6 groups--5 received alternative formulations of @entity1619 , the sixth licensed adjuvanted serogroup C conjugate vaccine (Neisvac-C). Solicited adverse event reports were collected from day 0 to 7 after vaccination and unsolicited and serious adverse event reports throughout study participation. Immunogenicity was assessed by serum bactericidal assays containing either a @entity1 (hSBA) or baby @entity95 (rSBA) complement source before and 1 month after immunization. RESULTS: All vaccine formulations were safe and well tolerated. Using the various measures of immunogenicity, no consistent relationships were observed between the dose of either polysaccharide or carrier and serogroup-specific response for any one antigen. The highest-dose vaccine provided optimal coverage for all 4 serogroups, with the percentage of recipients achieving hSBA titers >=  8 against each as follows: A, 92%; C, 96%; W-135, 71%; Y, 82% (corresponding proportions with rSBAs titers >8 all exceeded 90%). The investigational vaccines were less immunogenic against the serogroup C capsular polysaccharide than the licensed comparator. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are ongoing that will help to identify optimal scheduling of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines, to facilitate their inclusion into national immunization programs seeking extended serogroup coverage against meningococci.

title: A randomized trial to assess safety and immunogenicity of alternative formulations of a quadrivalent meningococcal (A, C, Y, and W-135) XXXX protein conjugate vaccine in toddlers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['broader meningococcal coverage']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: @entity902 in the form of nanoparticles is the key and most expensive component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, while @entity29966 ( @entity29967 ) is the smallest fluorinated sulfonic acid. @entity19588 , which acts as both electrolyte and separator in fuel cells, contains -CF2SO3H groups. Consequently, research on the electrochemical behaviour of Pt in aqueous @entity29967 solutions creates important background knowledge that can benefit fuel cell development. In this contribution, Pt electro-oxidation is studied in 0.1 M aqueous @entity29967 as a function of the polarization potential (E(p), 1.10  <= E(p)  <= 1.50 V), polarization time (t(p), 10(0)  <= t(p)  <= 10(4) s), and temperature (T, 278  <= T  <= 333 K). The critical thicknesses (X1), which determines the applicability of @entity8369 growth theories, is determined and related to the @entity8369 thickness (d(ox)). Because X1 > d(ox) for the entire range of E(p), t(p), and T values, the formation of Pt surface @entity8369 follows the interfacial place-exchange or the metal cation escape mechanism. The mechanism of Pt electro-oxidation is revised and expanded by taking into account possible interactions of cations, anions, and water molecules with Pt. A modified kinetic equation for the interfacial place exchange is proposed. The application of the interfacial place-exchange and metal cation escape mechanisms leads to an estimation of the Pt(  +)-O(  -) surface dipole ( (PtO)), and the potential drop (V(ox)) and electric field (E(ox)) within the @entity8369 . The Pt-anion interactions affect the oxidation kinetics by indirectly influencing the electric field within the double layer and the surface @entity8369 .

title: Surface oxide growth on @entity902 electrode in aqueous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29966 :: ('MESH:C012077', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoromethanesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity29966 :: (MESH:C012077,Chemical) :: ['trifluoromethanesulfonic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 @entity263 is variably lethal, shows heterogeneous progression, and exhibits a spectrum of histopathology. Traditional rodent models of @entity263 lack these characteristics. An alternative, autochthonous model of @entity263 consists of @entity19 which develop @entity263 due to prostatic expression of SV40 T antigen. @entity5 in individual @entity19 has not been previously characterized. Studies were undertaken to characterize the longitudinal progression of @entity263 in these @entity19 . METHODS: A prospective longitudinal cohort study was undertaken to characterize @entity263 volume, progression, lethality, and histological heterogeneity in a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity263 . Fifty-one @entity19 were followed prospectively to determine the age at onset of palpable @entity5 and age at @entity5 . @entity5 volume was followed longitudinally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset of these @entity19 and lethal @entity5 were evaluated by histopathology. RESULTS: @entity5 became palpable at 10-38 weeks of age. Palpable @entity5 always preceded lethal progression. @entity5 followed 2-9 weeks later, and age at @entity5 varied from 24 to 39 weeks of age. The histopathological changes were heterogeneous. @entity5 were detectable by MRI before they became detectable by palpation. MRI showed that, analogous to @entity1 @entity263 , volume of early stage @entity5 did not necessarily predict age at @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity263 in @entity19 mimics heterogeneic @entity5 progression in @entity1 @entity263 , providing a uniquely relevant pre-clinical model. @entity5 detection by MRI and palpation are valid surrogate measures of @entity5 progression in this model.

title: Longitudinal cohort analysis of XXXX progression in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'Cancer death', 'primary tumors', 'cancer death', 'cancers', 'Lethal progression of such cancers', 'Tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['lethal prostate cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Dietary @entity844 profile, independent of caloric percent of fat, is a major regulator of body adiposity. This study examined the effects of dietary fat amount and types on fat storage and hypothalamic gene expression in the @entity19 model of chronic diet-induced @entity28 . METHODS: The dietary interventions were in twofold: (1) the @entity28 was induced by a 13-week obesogenic fat diet compared with a low-fat (LF) diet, and (2) the reversibility was tested by using high n-3 polyunsaturated fat ( @entity5204 ) and LF diets. Fifty-four C57Bl/6 @entity19 were fed a high-fat (59% in kcal) diet for 13 weeks and then classified as diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) or diet-resistant (DR) @entity19 according to upper and lower tertiles of body @entity1017 . The DIO @entity19 were then subdivided into three groups for a 6-week secondary dietary intervention. Two of the groups were switched to either a high n-3 @entity5204 (DIO-n3) or a low-fat (10% in kcal, DIO-LF) diet, whereas the third (controls) and DR @entity19 continued on the initial high-fat diet. Food efficiency was calculated as weekly body @entity1017 per gram of food intake. RESULTS: After switching the DIO @entity19 to the n-3 @entity5204 or LF diet, their body weights were reduced to the level of the DR and LF @entity19 . The food efficiencies were, from the highest to lowest, in the order: DIO>LF>DR>DIO-LF>DIO-n3. Using quantitative in situ hybridization, we found that the DIO @entity19 had higher levels of @entity18070 (LR, +290%, p<0.005) and @entity32327 (NPY, +25%, p<0.05) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) than the DR @entity19 , whereas the level of @entity11982 ( @entity11982 ) mRNA expression was significantly reduced (-45%, p<0.01). All effects that were essentially returned to DR levels by the change to the n-3 @entity5204 diet and, with the exception of a failure to normalize Arc NPY mRNA levels, by the change to LF diet. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present results show that both change in level and quality of dietary fat can potently alter hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and result in effective amelioration of diet-induced @entity28 . Interestingly, the n-3 @entity5204 diet when fed to already @entity28 @entity19 produced a pattern of hypothalamic gene expression similar to that in @entity28 resistant (DR) @entity19 . It remains to be determined if the effects of n-3 @entity1718 on brain neuropeptide gene expression are direct or indirect.

title: Role of fat amount and type in ameliorating diet-induced @entity28 : insights at the level of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus @entity18070 , XXXX and @entity11982 mRNA expression.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity32327 :: (109648(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['neuropeptide Y']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of positive skin tests to @entity1542 is high compared with the low incidence of @entity12590 . There is little information about the prevalence of positive conjunctival tests in A. simplex-sensitized individuals. This study assesses the predictive value of conjunctival provocation test in two groups of A. simplex-sensitized subjects and negative controls. METHODS: Group A consisted of 28 individuals with a clinical history strongly suggestive of @entity12590 and group B, of 32 individuals without such history. The 60 individuals had positive skin tests and in vitro specific IgE determinations to A. simplex. Skin and conjunctival provocation tests were performed with an extract of A. simplex at a concentration of 1 mg of lyophilized material per ml. RESULTS: Conjunctival provocation tests were positive in 21/28 (75%) of group A @entity1 and in 10/32 (31%) of group B @entity1 . This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.015); the odds ratio was 6.6 (2.11-20.5; p < 0.05). The diagnostic value of the conjunctival provocation test was expressed by the following statistical indicators: sensitivity 75% (55.8%-88.6%), false positive 25% (11.4%-45.2%), specificity 68.7% (49.9%-83.2%), false negative 31.2% (16.7%-50%), positive predictive value 67.7% (48.5%-82.7%), negative predictive value 75.9% (56.1%-89%), Yuden index 1.43. There were no statistical differences related to age, sex, or @entity1097 status in @entity1 with a positive or negative conjunctival challenge. Total and specific IgE levels to A. simplex were significantly greater (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in the group of @entity1 with a positive challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that positive conjunctival provocation tests and high specific and total IgE levels are more prevalent in @entity1 with a clinical history strongly suggestive of @entity12590 . Despite the significant differences obtained in both groups, this test has a limited diagnostic value to clinically discriminate @entity1 with a history consistent with @entity12590 .

title: Conjunctival provocation tests in the diagnosis of XXXX hypersensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['gastroallergic anisakiasis', 'true gastroallergic Anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

answer: @entity1542 :: (6269,Species) :: ['Anisakis simplex']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity1 interferon-  1 recombinant adenovirus (r-Ad-hIFN-  1) on @entity356 . @entity1 SGC-7901 cells were utilized to create an orthotopic implantation model of @entity356 in @entity19 through sterile surgery. The @entity19 were randomly divided into three groups: @entity1391 -buffered saline control (blank), @entity9504 (Ad-Lac Z) empty vector and r-Ad-hIFN-  1. @entity5 size was measured every seven days. After three weeks of treatment, the @entity5 in the @entity19 were detected by abdominal B ultrasound. The cDNA of @entity686 expression in skeletal muscle was detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and @entity686 protein expression in the @entity5 was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were conducted to analyze the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells in the spleen and the rate of cell apoptosis in @entity5 paraffin sections. Prior to sacrifice, the size of the @entity5 in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups was 184.29  10.84 mm(3), 234.62  10.59 mm(3) and 253.18  7.69 mm(3), respectively (P<0.001). The lymph node @entity3 in the abdominal cavity was 0% in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1 group, 50% in the Ad-Lac Z group and 80% in the blank group (P<0.005). Furthermore, @entity686 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1 group, and the apoptosis rate in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1 group was higher than that in the Ad-Lac Z and blank groups. The proportion of NK cells in the spleens of @entity19 in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups was 26.53  1.54, 17.70  1.09 and 16.35  1.43%, respectively (P<0.001). The TUNEL results showed there was significantly more severe apoptosis in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1 group than that in the two other groups. The apoptosis indices in the r-Ad-hIFN-  1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups were 0.772  0.075, 0.329  0.169 and 0.265  0.049, respectively. In conclusion, the r-Ad-hIFN-  1 significantly inhibited @entity1 @entity356 , possibly by promoting apoptosis of the @entity5 and stimulating immunological function.

title: Effect of XXXX interferon-  1 recombinant adenovirus on a @entity356 orthotopic transplantation model.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus encoding bacterial b-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postchemoradiation percentage decrease in standardized uptake value (SUV) of positron emission tomography (PET) from baseline correlates with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and pathologic response. Analyses of dichotomized data are commonly reported. The authors analyzed percentage SUV decrease as both dichotomized and continuous variables. METHODS: The authors assessed 151 consecutive @entity1 with @entity420 who had chemoradiation and surgery. Baseline and postchemoradiation PET/computed tomography imaging was performed. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models were used to associate percentage SUV changes and @entity1349 , and logistic regression models were used to detect the association between percentage SUV changes and pathologic response. RESULTS: A >52% SUV decrease (dichotomized analysis) was associated with a longer @entity1349 (log-rank test, P = .023). The univariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that greater percentage SUV decrease (as a continuous variable) was associated with a lower risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; P = .01). Pathologic response (< or =50% @entity5 ) was associated with longer @entity1349 (P = .003). @entity1 with chemoradiation resistance (>50% @entity5 ) tended to have a higher risk of @entity204 than those with chemoradiation sensitivity (0-50% @entity5 ; HR, 2.12; P = .099). In the multivariate model, the percentage SUV decrease (as a continuous variable) was the only prognosticator of @entity1349 (P = .01). The percentage SUV decrease was nonsignificantly associated with pathologic complete response (univariate odds ratio [OR], 1.01; P = .06 and multivariate OR, 1.03; P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: The greater the decline in SUV after chemoradiation, the longer is the @entity1349 of @entity420 @entity1 . The percentage SUV decrease as a continuous variable is a better prognosticator of @entity1349 than its dichotomized assessments.

title: The higher the decrease in the standardized uptake value of positron emission tomography after chemoradiation, the better the survival of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cognitive and behavioural symptoms are common in @entity15 ( @entity15 ), but they are rarely the inaugural and predominant manifestation of the disease. Our objective is to characterize the clinical and radiological features of @entity73 ( @entity73 ), defined as @entity15 subjects who entered into the disease with @entity73 , which subsequently remain the predominant manifestation. METHODS: We describe the disease course, and clinical and radiological features of 18 subjects with a cognitive form of @entity15 . RESULTS: @entity2414 and behavioural changes were the primary symptoms at disease onset. They remained prominent and led to severe @entity73 during disease course. The main associated manifestations were @entity308 , pathological laughing and/or crying, @entity322 and gait disturbance suggestive of high-level gait disorder. Motor, sensory or @entity76 were uncommon. During disease course, superimposed neurological relapses occurred in 61% of cases. Brain MRI revealed multiple periventricular lesions that were extensive and confluent in half of cases, and a severe @entity194 measured as an increase in the third ventricular width compared to age-matched healthy controls. @entity2287 -enhancing lesions were common (72%). The mean diagnosis delay from disease onset was 2 years. A principal component analysis on the neuropsychological results revealed that verbal memory assessment is complementary to global cognitive functioning evaluation in these @entity1 with severe @entity73 . @entity2414 was associated with high EDSS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 @entity1 might represent a challenging diagnosis, which needs to be individualized for an early management.

title: Clinical and MRI characterization of XXXX @entity1 with a pure and severe cognitive onset.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive-multiple sclerosis', 'cognitive deficit', 'cog-MS', 'cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory loss', 'Verbal memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are closely correlated to the genesis of @entity5 . This study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of @entity3840 , p- @entity4104 and p- @entity11715 (the activated forms of @entity4104 and @entity11715 ) in various lesions of esophageal tissues, and to analyze their correlations to clinicopathologic features of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: The expression of @entity3840 , p- @entity4104 , and p- @entity11715 in 59 specimens of @entity1721 , 24 specimens of @entity1544 , and 18 specimens of normal squamous epithelium was examined by SP immunohistochemistry. Their correlations to clinicopathologic features of @entity1721 were analyzed. RESULTS: The protein level of @entity3840 was significantly higher in @entity1721 and @entity1544 than in normal squamous epithelium (2.10+/-1.77 and 1.85+/-1.24 vs. 0.83+/-0.46, P<0.05). The protein level of p- @entity4104 was 0 in normal squamous epithelium, 0.76+/-0.59 in @entity1544 , and 2.83+/-1.27 in @entity1721 . The protein level of p- @entity11715 was 1.98+/-0.78 in normal squamous epithelium, 3.92+/-0.41 in @entity1544 , and 5.02+/-0.34 in @entity1721 . There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P<0.05). In @entity1721 , @entity3840 expression was correlated to lymph node @entity3 and differentiation (P<0.05); p- @entity4104 expression was correlated to @entity5 invasion depth (P<0.05); but p- @entity11715 expression had no correlation to clinicopathologic features. @entity3840 expression was positively correlated to both p- @entity4104 expression and p- @entity11715 expression in @entity1721 . CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulation of @entity3840 , p- @entity4104 , and p- @entity11715 may be correlated to the carcinogenesis of @entity1721 . The activation of @entity4104 is correlated to the aggressive behavior of @entity1721 .

title: [Expression and clinical significance of XXXX , p- @entity4104 , and p- @entity11715 in esophageal carcinoma].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous dysplasia']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: @entity23560 is used in biological control of soil-borne insect pests in horticulture and turf. Mass production is carried out in monoxenic liquid cultures pre-incubated with the symbiont of the @entity2199 , the bacterium @entity22291 , before @entity2199 dauer juveniles (DJ) are inoculated. As a response to bacterial food signals, the DJ recover from the developmentally arrested dauer stage, grow to adults and produce DJ offspring. Variable DJ recovery after inoculation into cultures of @entity22291 often causes process failure due to low numbers of adult @entity2199 in the medium. In order to enhance DJ recovery, improve @entity2199 population management and increase yields, the optimal timing for DJ inoculation was sought. The process parameter pH and respiration quotient (RQ) were recorded in order to test whether changes can be used to identify the best moment for DJ inoculation. When DJ were inoculated during the lag and early logarithmic growth phases of @entity22291 cultures, DJ recovery was low and almost no @entity2199 reproduction was obtained. High populations of @entity22291 phase variants were recorded. Recovery and yields increased when DJ were inoculated during the latter log phase during which the RQ dropped to values <0.8 and the pH reached a maximum. The highest DJ recovery and yields were observed in cultures that were inoculated during the late stationary growth phase. This period started with the increase of the pH after its distinct minimum at pH <8.0. Thus optimal timing for DJ inoculation can be defined through monitoring of the pH in the @entity22291 culture.

title: Liquid culture mass production of biocontrol @entity2199 , XXXX (Nematoda: Rhabditida): improved timing of dauer juvenile inoculation.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity23560 :: ('37862', 'Species') :: ['Heterorhabditis bacteriophora']

entities_list: @entity22291 :: ('29488', 'Species') :: ['Photorhabdus luminescens', 'P. luminescens']

answer: @entity23560 :: (37862,Species) :: ['Heterorhabditis bacteriophora']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Solid @entity0 was recently described. This @entity5 display distinctive clinical and morphologic features. It is an @entity1377 frequently associated with @entity189 and @entity513 not otherwise specified. CASE: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a solid @entity1377 of the right breast in an 82-year-old female, demonstrated a cellular specimen of discohesive, small, uniform and @entity5 cells, with occasional loose cluster. The cytoplasm was abundant and finely granular. The nuclei were round, without marked atypia. The nucleoli were inconspicuous. SCant mucinous material was present. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. CONCLUSION: The cytologic aspects of solid @entity0 suggest a @entity189 with endocrine differentiation and a weak mucinous component.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of a solid XXXX . A case report with immunohistochemical studies.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ovoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: 1. The low- and high-KM @entity1919 phosphodiesterase ( @entity268 PDE) activity in cerebral cortex, striatum, @entity2339 and hippocampus of young (4-5-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) @entity35 has been studied. 2. A significant rise in the high-KM @entity268 PDE activity in the cerebral cortex, @entity2339 and hippocampus in aged @entity35 has been found. 3. The activity of the low-KM @entity268 PDE does not change during senescence in all the brain structures studied. 4. In a series of increased concentrations (from 5 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-5) M) adafenoxate inhibits low- and high-KM @entity268 PDE in most of the brain structures studied in both age groups. 5. The present results provide evidence for realization of the CNS effects of adafenoxate through inhibition of @entity268 PDE activity and regulation of the intracellular level of @entity268 .

title: Age-related changes of XXXX phosphodiesterase activity in @entity35 brain regions and a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor--nootropic agent adafenoxate.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']