abstract: @entity900 is generally accepted to be the most active cytotoxic agent for the treatment of @entity43 but the optimum dose remains unclear. We have performed a randomised trial to assess the importance of @entity900 dose in the treatment of @entity43 . @entity1 were randomly assigned treatment with 50 mg/m2 (low dose) or 100 mg/m2 (high dose) @entity900 plus 750 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, for a maximum of six cycles with intervals of 3 weeks. We planned to recruit 300 @entity1 , but an interim analysis on the first 165 indicated a highly significant survival difference (p = 0.0008). Recruitment was therefore stopped and the trial @entity1 were followed-up for 12 months longer. The relative progression rate (high-dose/low-dose) after 12 months' extra follow-up was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.37-0.81, p = 0.003) and the relative death rate 0.53 (0.34-0.81, p = 0.003). Overall median survival was 69 weeks in the low-dose group and 114 weeks in the high-dose group. @entity66 extent before chemotherapy had an important influence-- @entity1 with lesions of less than 2 cm did best; if given high-dose @entity900 their median survival was 3 years. 56 low-dose and 45 high-dose @entity1 completed six cycles of chemotherapy; 15 and 9 @entity1 , respectively, were withdrawn early because of progressive disease and treatment was stopped in 6 and 25, respectively, because of unacceptable side-effects or @entity1 refusal. Toxic effects were significantly greater in the high-dose group, especially those on the nervous system and ears, @entity1665 , @entity391 , and @entity417 . Although the higher dose of @entity900 clearly leads to better results in terms of survival, its overall clinical benefit in the management of @entity43 will depend on further improvements in measures to alleviate toxic effects.

title: Randomised study of two doses of @entity900 with cyclophosphamide in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of a water extract of the ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miq. (Rosaceae) (RFRC) on mast cell-mediated @entity32 and studied the possible mechanism of action. Mast cell-mediated @entity56 is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis, @entity2490 , @entity565 and @entity483 . RFRC dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced @entity2021 and serum @entity112 release in @entity19 . RFRC reduced the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated @entity56 , passive @entity2021 . RFRC attenuated @entity112 release from @entity35 peritoneal mast cells and @entity1 mast cells by the reduction of intracellular @entity460 . RFRC decreased the @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 (PMACI)-stimulated expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in @entity1 mast cells. The inhibitory effect of RFRC on cytokine production was nuclear factor (NF)-kB- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent. In addition, RFRC suppressed the activation of @entity9302 . Our findings provide evidence that RFRC inhibits mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory reactions, and for the involvement of @entity460 , NF-kB, MAPKs and @entity9302 in these effects. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic inflammatory effects of RFRC provide affirmative proof of a possible therapeutic application of this agent in allergic inflammatory diseases.

title: Ripe fruit of Rubus coreanus inhibits mast cell-mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['local allergic reaction', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous anaphylaxis', 'systemic anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To document @entity1017 in @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 and to examine the relationship of @entity1017 and perceived quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational study. SETTING: Data collected in three settings: an ambulatory oncology service of a university teaching hospital, a private oncology office, and a university-affiliated health clinic, all located in southern New England. SAMPLE: @entity1 with stage I or II @entity0 with primary treatment of simple or modified mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Weight data collected through retrospective chart review. QOL data collected prospectively using the Linear Analog Self Assessment Symptom Distress Scale for @entity0 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for @entity0 Scale. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: QOL and @entity1017 of five pounds or more. FINDINGS: One year after treatment began, 62.5% of the study @entity1 experienced @entity1017 (X = 10.44 lb), with a range of 5-27 pounds. After two and three years, 68% and 40%, respectively, maintained a clinically significant @entity1017 . A greater @entity1017 occurred over time in premenopausal @entity1 . No correlation between overall QOL and @entity1017 existed, but selected items were significantly positively correlated with @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: This study documented a significant @entity1017 in @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . A large percentage of those @entity1 maintained this @entity1017 . @entity1 premenopausal at diagnosis had a greater tendency to gain weight. Although @entity1017 was not correlated with overall QOL it was distressing for these @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can incorporate the possibility of @entity1017 into the plan of care for @entity1 with @entity0 . Nurses should include this information in education about side effects of treatment and in the ongoing nursing assessment of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Weight gain and quality of life in XXXX treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We investigated whether the relative contribution of the baroreflex and central commands to the control of heart period differs between spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKY) during physiological behavior. @entity35 were instrumented with an arterial catheter and with electrodes for discriminating wakefulness, @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ), and @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ). The @entity177 ( @entity177 ) between spontaneous fluctuations of heart period and mean arterial pressure was computed at frequencies <0.2 Hz. The baroreflex determines a positive correlation between heart period and previous pressure values. This pattern was observed in the @entity177 during quiet wakefulness (QW) and @entity1319 , and in QW, it was accompanied by a pronounced negative correlation between heart period and subsequent pressure values. The relative baroreflex contribution to the control of heart period, estimated from the positive peak value of the @entity177 , was lower in SHR than in WKY during QW but not during @entity1319 . During @entity11755 , the @entity177 showed a negative correlation between heart period and both previous and subsequent pressure values, reflecting the prevalence of central autonomic commands. The relative contribution of central commands to the control of heart period, estimated from the negative peak value of the @entity177 , was lower in SHR than in WKY during @entity11755 . These results suggest that during QW and @entity11755 , the control of heart period exerted by the baroreflex and central commands, respectively, is less effective in SHR than in WKY. This difference is not apparent in a behavioral state of autonomic stability such as @entity1319 .

title: Central and baroreflex control of heart period during the wake-sleep cycle in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CCF', 'cross-correlation function']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye movement sleep', 'REMS']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['NREMS', 'nonrapid eye movement sleep']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Recent developments in the treatment of @entity5 have resulted in an increase in the number of @entity5 survivors. With this increase in the survival rate comes an increase in questions as to how a diagnosis of @entity5 and its treatment affects survivors and their well-being. Research has emphasized the impact that medical factors related to @entity5 have on the well-being of @entity5 survivors. However, the literature also suggests that socioeconomic factors may affect @entity5 survivors; well-being. This study focuses on the role that employment status plays in relationship to the levels of psychosocial well-being of @entity1 diagnosed with and treated for @entity0 . This study was a cross-sectional design utilizing secondary data analysis. The sample consisted of 369 @entity0 survivors from four @entity5 treatment facilities in the Mid-Atlantic region. The independent variable was employment status during and after treatment and the dependent variables were @entity458 , physical and mental functioning and quality of life. Utilizing analysis of covariance, controlling for age at diagnosis and stage of @entity5 it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the dependent variables by employment status. These findings are discussed in terms of clinical and policy implications.

title: The impact of changes in employment status on psychosocial well-being: a study of XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity39 have been reported in association with @entity5 including Hodgkin and @entity1893 . We report a case of diffuse large @entity1892 with chronic @entity32 to highlight awareness of obscure @entity5 cells within the @entity738 , to avoid delay in diagnosis and management of @entity706 . A 39-year-old Malay lady with no past medical history, presented with a 2-month history of progressive worsening of difficulty in breathing, cough, low-grade fever, loss of weight and @entity1277 . Chest X- @entity16039 showed an anterior mediastinal mass and computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy was reported as chronic @entity32 suggestive of @entity378 . After 2 months of anti- @entity1906 treatment, her symptoms were not relieved. The @entity1 underwent another CT-guided biopsy of the anterior mediastinal mass in another hospital and the histopathology revealed diffuse large @entity1892 . The @entity1 was referred for treatment. On histopathological review, the first sample showed noncaseating @entity738 engulfing @entity5 cells and large abnormal lymphoid cells which were @entity2225 positive and with high Ki-67 proliferative index. The @entity1 was diagnosed with diffuse large @entity1892 stage IV B IPSS score 3. She underwent chemotherapy (R-EPOCH) and responded well to treatment.

title: Diffuse large @entity1892 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Non-necrotic epithelioid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['granulomatous inflammation']


abstract: Type 1 @entity4786 , @entity1265 , is a common @entity74 with variable clinical manifestations. Although @entity1265 often is only of cosmetic concern, serious and even lethal complications may occur. It is not possible to predict which symptoms will develop in any affected individual. The NNFF International Database is a multicentre collaborative system for collecting information about this condition. At the time of this analysis, complete clinical information was available on 1,479 probands and 249 of their affected relatives with @entity1265 . On average, the age at diagnosis of @entity1265 was 8 years younger in the probands than in the affected relatives (P<.01). Many of the manifestations of @entity1265 were more frequent in the probands than in their affected relatives. The age-specific prevalence of most manifestations of @entity1265 increases with age. Despite biases inherent in a convenience sample from specialist clinics, the frequencies of many of the serious manifestations of @entity1265 are similar to those of two smaller population-based studies. The frequencies in this study are likely representative of @entity1 seen at specialized clinics.

title: Type 1 XXXX : a descriptive analysis of the disorder in 1,728 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: @entity235 hindlimb muscles were perfused with arterial blood from a donor at a constant pressure or at a constant flow rate. Blood samples were analyzed for @entity859 , @entity26 and @entity972 during load-free twitch contractions (2 cps) and/or after 3-min @entity63 . (1) During exercise @entity450 A-V @entity26 (p smaller than 0.001) and V-A @entity972 (p smaller than 0.001) differences increased in both perfusion systems. Under the constant pressure total amount of @entity859 and/or @entity8582 released (TAAR) remained constant at 34.4 plus or minus 7.8 (mean plus or minus S.D.) nmoles/ml of blood compared with 31.0 plus or minus 5.6 at rest, whereas under the constant flow rate the value increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 74.6 plus or minus 15.7 (p smaller than 0.001). (2) In reactive @entity450 A-V difference of @entity26 increased (p smaller than 0.001) and TAAR remained at 33.0 plus or minus 8.3 under the constant pressure. Under the constant flow rate TAAR increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 48.1 plus or minus 12.6 (p smaller than 0.001). (3) After @entity63 TAAR remained constant under the constant pressure perfusion. Under the constant flow rate, however, TAAR showed definite decrease compared with that during exercise @entity450 with intact flow (p smaller than 0.001). (4) The authors think that @entity859 and/or @entity8582 is the mediator of exercise @entity450 , supported by @entity972 ions and local @entity519 . @entity859 and/or @entity8582 , and local @entity519 are responsible for reactive @entity450 . In @entity63 , no special circulatory mediator was found.

title: Role of @entity859 or @entity8582 as a probable mediator of blood flow regulation in XXXX hindlimb muscles.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contractions', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the utility of a computer-assisted method of quantitating enhancing @entity15 and to correlate this quantitation with the type and duration of disease. METHODS: Forty untreated @entity1 with @entity15 were studied. The @entity1 had been classified clinically as having either relapsing-remitting (n = 27) or chronic-progressive (n = 13) disease. Postcontrast contiguous 3-mm-thick MR images of the brain were obtained for up to 3 years. The computer program selected potential lesion sites automatically on the basis of the theory of "fuzzy connectedness," which was incorporated into 3DVIEWNIX software. True lesions were selected from these previously detected potential lesions by means of yes/no responses to the program query. The number of enhancing lesions and the enhancing lesions volume were subsequently computed. RESULTS: The enhancing lesion volume in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting disease was statistically significantly higher than that of @entity1 with @entity102 . There was a strong positive correlation between the number of enhancing lesions and the enhancing lesion volume. No significant correlation was noted between the change in score on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and the change in the number of enhancing lesions, or between the change in EDSS score and the change in enhancing lesion volume. A negative correlation was found between enhancing lesion volume and duration of disease, and between the number of enhancing lesions and duration of disease in the @entity1 who had enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that enhancing lesion volume reflects differences in the classification of clinical @entity15 and in the disease activity over time. Computer-assisted quantitation of enhancing lesion volume is a robust, practical, and objective measure of @entity15 activity.

title: Computer-assisted quantitation of enhancing lesions in XXXX : correlation with clinical classification.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic-progressive disease']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity3974 , a selective @entity750 -receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic for @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity900 chemotherapy. However, no comparison has been made between a combination of a @entity750 antagonist and @entity619 , which also has antiemetic properties, with currently available antiemetic regimens. 289 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 receiving @entity900 chemotherapy (much greater than 50 mg/m2) were randomised to receive one of the following intravenous antiemetic regimens: @entity3974 0.15 mg/kg, before and after @entity900 , + @entity619 20 mg before @entity900 (treatment A) or @entity1769 3 mg/kg, before and after @entity900 , + @entity619 + @entity3933 50 mg before @entity900 (treatment B). From day 2 to day 4, all @entity1 received oral @entity1769 and intramuscular @entity619 . 267 @entity1 (136 receiving treatment A and 131 treatment (B) were available for analysis. Complete protection against emesis was achieved in 107 (78.7%) and 78 (59.5%) @entity1 , respectively (p less than 0.002). Complete protection was also significantly superior for treatment A on day 2 (83.9% vs 68.0%; p less than 0.006). Complete protection from acute @entity390 (first 24 h) was achieved in 105 @entity1 (77.2%) with treatment A and in 86 (65.6%) with treatment B (p less than 0.051); complete protection from @entity390 and emesis was achieved in 94 (69.1%) @entity1 and 66 (50.4%), respectively (p less than 0.003). @entity1 receiving treatment B noted significantly more sedation than @entity1 receiving treatment A (11.8% vs 2.1%; p less than 0.005). @entity21 were present only with treatment B (2.7%). @entity3974 + @entity619 is more effective and better tolerated than @entity1769 + @entity619 + @entity3933 in the prevention of @entity900 -induced @entity390 and emesis.

title: @entity3974 + @entity619 vs @entity1769 + @entity619 + @entity3933 in prevention of XXXX -induced emesis. Italian Group For Antiemetic Research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal reactions']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As smokeless @entity286 (ST) marketing increases and new products emerge on the market, very little is known about consumer perceptions of ST products. To inform development of future ST counter-marketing approaches, this qualitative study examined consumer perceptions of traditional and novel ST products and packaging. METHODS: Focus groups and qualitative interviews were held with adolescent (n=23; mean age of 17 years) and adult (n=38; mean age of 29 years) male ST users from rural Ohio counties. @entity1 were shown a variety of traditional (eg, Copenhagen, Timber Wolf) and novel (eg, @entity20770 Snus, Orbs) ST products and asked about perceptions of these products and their packaging. Transcriptions were coded independently for common themes by two individuals. FINDINGS: Adolescents and adults generally had similar beliefs and reactions about ST products. While @entity1 were familiar with a variety of traditional ST products, Copenhagen was the most frequently used product. Perceptions of quality and price of traditional products were closely tied to product taste and packaging material. Colours, design and size of ST packaging appealed to @entity1 and influenced decisions to purchase. Adults believed novel ST products had a weak taste and were targeted at untraditional ST users. While the vast majority was unfamiliar with dissolvable @entity286 , adolescents noted that they would be more convenient to use during school than traditional ST. CONCLUSIONS: Packaging has a significant role in shaping perceptions of ST and consumer behaviour. Regulation of product packaging such as shape, size and images should be part of comprehensive @entity286 control.

title: Adolescent and adult perceptions of traditional and novel smokeless XXXX products and packaging in rural Ohio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: One hundred American Indian @entity1 with a Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder (PSUD) were studied with special reference to associated @entity146 . This clinical sample was divided into three groups: PSUD only, PSUD plus an @entity347 ( @entity347 ), and PSUD plus any other @entity146 . @entity347 diagnoses included primarily @entity14935 and @entity146 ; cases of @entity167 @entity29368 , @entity167 @entity303 , and @entity130 -induced @entity347 were also encountered. Other @entity146 included primarily @entity308 and @entity148 , with smaller numbers of @entity161 , Conduct, Sexual, and other Disorders. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among these three groups. Those with PSUD+ @entity347 tended to be older, male, and have more DSM-III Axis 3 disorders (American Psychiatric Association 1980) as compared to other @entity1 ; those with PSUD+other diagnoses tended to be single and younger. Education and occupational status were not related to the three diagnostic groups. The data were also subjected to MANOVA analysis. Even when corrected for sex, types of substance being abused, Axis 3 health status, and other factors, the three diagnostic groups still bore a significant relationship to age. Those with PSUD+Other @entity146 diagnoses besides @entity347 tended to be youngest. Those with PSUD-only were intermediate by age, while those with PSUD+ @entity347 tended to be the oldest.

title: Substance use and other @entity146 among 100 American Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Major Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Alcoholic Hallucinosis', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity29368 :: ('MESH:D000425', 'Disease') :: ['Amnestic Disorder']

entities_list: @entity14935 :: ('MESH:D000430', 'Disease') :: ['Delirium Tremens']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety Disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['OMD', 'Organic Mental Disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins are associated with lower PSA levels. As PSA is the primary method for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) screening, this confounds any associations between statins and risk of being diagnosed with @entity263 . Thus, we examined the association between statins and @entity5 and high-grade @entity5 in REDUCE, where biopsies were largely PSA-independent. METHODS: Post-hoc secondary analysis of REDUCE, which was a prospective multinational randomized controlled trial of @entity16503 vs placebo for 4 years among @entity1 aged 50-75 years with PSA of 2.5-10.0    ng    ml(-1) and a negative biopsy at baseline, and included PSA-independent biopsies mandated at 2- and 4-years. Analyses were limited to @entity1 who underwent at least one biopsy while under study (n=6729). The association between baseline statin use and risk of overall, high-grade (Gleason >=  7) or low-grade (Gleason  <= 6) @entity263 vs no @entity5 was examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age, race, baseline PSA, prostate volume, rectal examination findings, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, smoking, @entity167 intake and treatment arm. RESULTS: Of 6729 @entity1 who had at least one biopsy while on study, 1174 (17.5%) were taking a statin at baseline. @entity1 taking statins were older, had lower PSA levels, higher BMI values and lower serum @entity251 and @entity586 levels, though differences, were slight. Statin use was not associated with overall @entity263 diagnosis (multivariable OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.89-1.24, P=0.54). When stratified by grade, statin use was not associated with low-grade (multivariable OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.85-1.25, P=0.75) or high-grade @entity5 (multivariable OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.85-1.45, P=0.46). The major limitation is the inclusion of only @entity1 with a negative baseline biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with a negative baseline biopsy and follow-up biopsies largely independent of PSA, statins were not associated with @entity5 or high-grade @entity5 .

title: Statin use and risk of XXXX and high-grade @entity263 : results from the REDUCE study.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['dutasteride']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity158 isolated to the lateral aspect of the heel can be difficult to diagnose, particularly in the growing @entity1 . Peroneal @entity924 or frank tears of the peroneal tendons secondary to an enlarged peroneal tubercle has been implicated as a potential source of @entity158 in adults. Neither the prevalence of enlarged peroneal tubercles in the pediatric population nor the number of symptomatic tubercles in @entity1 has been elucidated. We conducted a review of @entity1 who presented to our institution with foot and/or @entity158 and who underwent 3-dimensional computed tomography. Initially, a radiographic review was undertaken of all computed tomography scans to determine the prevalence of peroneal tubercles in @entity1 . The peroneal tubercles were measured and then classified according to height. The @entity1 with tubercles 3 mm or greater in height (adult mean height) underwent a more detailed chart review to evaluate for the incidence of @entity158 . During the study period, 2,689 @entity1 were seen for foot and @entity158 , and 367 underwent a computed tomography scan during their treatment course. Of these 367 @entity1 , 57% had a measurable peroneal tubercle, and 162 (44%) met the criteria for chart review. Only 3 adolescents (1.9%) were found to have clinical symptoms and ultimately underwent surgical excision with successful relief of symptoms. Peroneal tubercle @entity1184 appears to exist in the pediatric population; however, in contrast to adults with associated peroneal @entity924 and tears, the @entity1 in our series had isolated @entity158 without significant @entity924 . The clinical examination is important in the diagnosis, and treatment by excision appears to be successful. Although a relatively rare etiology of @entity158 , it is important that treating physicians keep this pathologic process in the differential diagnosis, because conservative management might not reduce the @entity158 in these @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful tubercles', 'Pain', 'pain', 'ankle pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful peroneal tubercles']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe primary care management of early and prolonged @entity1087 in otherwise-healthy term @entity1 to identify opportunities to increase early diagnosis of @entity1448 . METHODS: Community-based pediatricians in St Louis, Missouri completed a mailed, anonymous, 29-item survey to assess practice demographics, @entity1054 , and the management of early and @entity4837 . RESULTS: A total of 108 of 230 (47%) of eligible physicians responded (mean years in practice, 15.3, SD, 9.4). More respondents were very familiar with national guidelines for management of early (49%) than prolonged (16%) neonatal @entity1087 . Eighty-six percent reported all newborns were checked with transcutaneous @entity648 before hospital discharge. For transcutaneous @entity648 results at 48 hours of 7, 10, 12 and 15 mg/dL, 1%, 26%, 70%, and 74% of respondents, respectively, would order a fractionated @entity648 . Although the first routine visit usually occurred in the first week after discharge, 25% of physicians reported the 2nd visit was routinely scheduled after 4 weeks of age. Ninety-four percent reported they would obtain a fractionated @entity648 for @entity1 @entity1087 beyond 4 weeks of age. If @entity1448 was identified at 6 weeks of age, 32% would obtain additional testing without referral to a subspecialist. CONCLUSIONS: Management of early and @entity4837 is variable. Current practices appear to miss opportunities for early diagnosis of @entity1448 and referral that are unlikely to be addressed without redesigning systems of care.

title: Neonatal XXXX : opportunities to increase early detection.

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['timing of routine newborn office visits']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are uncommon @entity5 . These @entity5 tend to arise with a higher frequency in the stomach and the small bowel. In fewer than 5% of cases, they originate primarily from @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 of the pancreas is very rare. Only few cases have been published. We report the first case of @entity788 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 39-year-old male who presented with @entity1142 and @entity490 . A computerized tomography demonstrated a 9cm pancreatic mass, without @entity409 . A Whipple procedure with segmental colectomy was performed with success. After 24months follow up, the @entity1 is doing well and disease-free. DISCUSSION: @entity361 of the pancreas are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all @entity5 . The endoscopic ultrasound is helpful for diagnosis. Surgical resection with negative pathologic margins remains the treatment of choice. CONCLUSION: in our knowledge, this is the first case of @entity788 with @entity788 . Although @entity5 are uncommon @entity5 , they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. Even though the @entity5 can be evaluated as high risk, treatment must be @entity146 in order to improve survival rate.

title: @entity788 with XXXX : A new entity.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatic GIST', 'stromal tumour of the pancreas with concomitant pancreas divisum']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'intra-abdominal tumours', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumour', 'GISTs', 'pancreatic GISTs', 'pancreatic tumours', 'extra-gastrointestinal tumours', 'tumours', 'EGISTs', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenchymal tumours']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas divisum']


abstract: The topology of the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex from @entity11704 has been examined by generating gene fusions with alkaline phosphatase. Gene fusions were generated at random locations within the fbcB gene encoding the cytochrome b subunit. These fusion products were expressed in @entity526 and were screened for alkaline phosphatase activity on chromogenic plates. 33 in-frame fusions which showed activity were further characterized. The fusion junctions of all those fusions which had a high specific activity were clustered in three regions of the cytochrome b polypeptide, and thus these regions were tentatively assigned as being near the periplasmic surface. The data are consistent with a model containing eight transmembrane helices. In order to explore the validity of the gene fusion approach for a protein not normally expressed in @entity526 , the topology of the L-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center from @entity11704 was also explored using phoA gene fusions. A similar protocol was used as with the cytochrome b subunit. The gene fusions with high specific activity were shown to be in regions of the L-subunit polypeptide known to be at or near the periplasmic surface, as defined by the high resolution structure determined by X-ray crystallography. These data demonstrate the utility of this approach for determining membrane protein topology and extend potential applications to include at least some proteins not normally expressed in @entity526 .

title: The use of gene fusions to examine the membrane topology of the L-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center and of the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['R. sphaeroides', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to reliably identify @entity1 with advanced-stage classical @entity978 (cHL) at increased risk of @entity204 by developing a robust predictor of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using gene expression measured in routinely available @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET). METHODS: Expression levels of 259 genes, including those previously reported to be associated with outcome in cHL, were determined by digital expression profiling of pretreatment FFPET biopsies from 290 @entity1 enrolled onto the E2496 Intergroup trial comparing @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity2699 (ABVD) and Stanford V regimens in locally extensive and @entity978 . A model for @entity1349 separating @entity1 into low- and high-risk groups was produced using penalized Cox regression. The model was tested in an independent cohort of 78 @entity1 enriched for treatment failure but otherwise similar to @entity1 in a population-based registry of @entity1 treated with ABVD. Weighted analysis methods generated unbiased estimates of predictor performance in the population-based registry. RESULTS: A 23-gene outcome predictor was generated. The model identified a population at increased risk of @entity204 in the validation cohort. There was a 29% absolute difference in 5-year @entity1349 between the high- and low-risk groups (63% v 92%, respectively; log-rank P < .001; hazard ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.6 to 17.4). The predictor was superior to the International Prognostic Score and @entity469 immunohistochemistry in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: A gene expression-based predictor, developed in and applicable to routinely available FFPET biopsies, identifies @entity1 with @entity978 at increased risk of @entity204 when treated with standard-intensity up-front regimens.

title: Gene expression-based model using XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies predicts @entity1349 in advanced-stage classical @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage cHL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for @entity322 ( @entity322 ) after open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with additional preoperative PFMT regain urinary continence earlier than @entity1 with only postoperative PFMT after ORP and RARP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A randomized controlled trial enrolled 180 @entity1 who planned to undergo ORP/RARP. INTERVENTION: The experimental group (E, n=91) started PFMT 3 wk before surgery and continued after surgery. The control group (C, n=89) started PFMT after catheter removal. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary end point was time to continence. @entity1 measured urine loss daily (24-h pad test) until total continence (three consecutive days of 0 g of urine loss) was achieved. Secondary end points were 1-h pad test, visual analog scale (VAS), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality of life (King's Health Questionnaire [KHQ]). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression with correction for two strata (age and type of surgery) compared time and continence. The Fisher exact test was applied for the 1-h pad test and VAS; the Mann-Whitney U test was applied for IPSS and KHQ. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: @entity1 with additional preoperative PFMT had no shorter duration of postoperative @entity322 compared with @entity1 with only postoperative PFMT (p=0.878). Median time to continence was 30 and 31 d, and median amount of first-day @entity322 was 108 g and 124 g for groups E and C, respectively. Cox regression did not indicate a significant difference between groups E and C (p=0.773; hazard ratio: 1.047 [0.768-1.425]). The 1-h pad test, VAS, and IPSS were comparable between both groups. However, " @entity322 impact" (KHQ) was in favor of group E at 3 mo and 6 mo after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Three preoperative sessions of PFMT did not improve postoperative duration of @entity322 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register No. NTR 1953.

title: Influence of preoperative and postoperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) compared with postoperative PFMT on XXXX after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity43177 and its interacting partner protein, @entity43178 , are members of the @entity43177 superfamily. These proteins are involved in mRNA regulation and in promoting @entity43179 activity by removing siRNA passenger strand cleavage products, and have been proposed to play roles in DNA repair and recombination. Both homomeric @entity43177 and heteromeric @entity43177 - @entity43178 complex bind to ssDNA and RNA; however, the heteromeric complex is a key activator in siRNA-mediated silencing in @entity1 and @entity238 . The residues critical for RNase activity of the complex reside in @entity43178 sequence. Both @entity43177 and @entity43178 are well conserved in eukaryotes. In present work, a single @entity43177 superfamily protein is detected in Chloroflexi eubacteria, in the known phyla of archaea and in some unicellular eukaryotes. The prokaryotic proteins essentially share unique sequence motifs with eukaryotic @entity43178 , while the proteins possessing both the unique sequences and conserved indels of @entity43178 or @entity43177 can be identified from protists. Intriguingly, @entity43178 protein in all the known genomes of extant Chloroflexi share high sequence similarity and conserved indels with the archaeal protein, suggesting occurrence of @entity43178 at least at the time of Chloroflexi divergence as well as evolutionary relationship between Chloroflexi and archaea. The mirror phylogeny in phylogenetic tree, constructed using diverse @entity43177 and @entity43178 sequences, indicates gene duplication event leading to evolution of @entity43177 in unicellular eukaryotes, prior to divergence of multicellular eukayrotes. Since Chloroflexi has been debated to be near the last universal common ancestor, the present analysis indicates that @entity43178 may be useful to understand the tree of life.

title: Molecular evolution of XXXX superfamily proteins within the genomes of eubacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['drosophila']

answer: @entity43177 :: (7247,Gene) :: ['translin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials to date comparing fibrinolytics with placebo to clarify their current role in the management of parapneumonic effusions and @entity3509 . METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PapersFirst, and the Cochrane Collaboration and the Cochrane Register of controlled trials were searched. All searches were inclusive as of October 2011. Two investigators independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Quality was assessed with the Cochrane concealment of allocation approach and the Jadad criteria. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled studies (total number of @entity1 , 801) comparing fibrinolytic therapy with placebo were included in the meta-analysis. Fibrinolytic therapy was beneficial for the outcomes of treatment failure (surgical intervention or @entity204 ) (risk ratio [RR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.87) and surgical intervention alone (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82). There was no difference in mean duration of hospital stay (standard mean difference, -0.69; 95% CI, -1.54-0.16) or @entity204 (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.74-1.74). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis does reveal that fibrinolytic therapy is potentially beneficial in the management of parapneumonic effusions and @entity3509 in the adult population. Although there is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of this therapy for all @entity1143 , fibrinolytic therapy may be considered in @entity1 with loculated @entity1143 , because it may prevent the need for surgical intervention. Further randomized controlled trials with adequate power are needed to definitively address the effect of fibrinolytics and the combination of fibrinolytics and deoxyribonuclease on the clinical outcomes outlined in this analysis in @entity1 with @entity1143 .

title: Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy for treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions', 'parapneumonic effusions/empyemas']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyemas']


abstract: Opioid neurotransmission modulates @entity158 and negative affect during @entity1642 . To determine whether these effects differ between @entity1 and @entity1 , the opioid receptor antagonist @entity836 or placebo was administered double-blind to 21 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 before they completed 30 min of difficult mental arithmetic. To heighten negative affect, @entity1 received seven moderately noxious electric shocks during the math task, which were believed to be contingent upon performance. Before and after the math task, @entity1 rated @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness while their left hand was immersed in 2 degrees C water for up to 4 min. @entity148 , discouragement and anger were also rated before, during and after the math task. Tolerance of cold-induced @entity158 was greater in @entity1 , whereas discouragement during the math task was greater in @entity1 . Opioid blockade did not influence ratings of negative affect, which increased in line with the intensity and unpleasantness of shock-induced @entity158 . The intensity and unpleasantness of cold-induced @entity158 increased after the math task only in @entity1 administered @entity836 . Within the @entity836 condition, @entity158 ratings increased most in the most discouraged subjects. However, this relationship was absent in placebo recipients, implying that the @entity1931 effect of @entity458 was tempered by opioid release. Greater stress-evoked discouragement in @entity1 than @entity1 may explain why cold-induced @entity158 increased after the math task only in @entity1 administered @entity836 .

title: Negative affect, XXXX and sex: the role of endogenous opioids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Several anti-angiogenic drugs have recently been clinically tested for haematological @entity5 . To improve the efficacy of molecular target therapy against angiogenic molecules in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), we examined the dependency of @entity3052 cells on the @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity7 receptor type2 ( @entity319 ) system by using @entity319 kinase inhibitor. Nineteen @entity1 @entity3052 samples were cultured with or without @entity319 kinase inhibitor. All four t(8;21) viable @entity3052 cells showed significant reductions when treated with @entity319 kinase inhibitor, although @entity319 kinase inhibitor did not affect the cell proliferation of five t(15;17) @entity3052 samples. Other @entity3052 cases showed variable responses. @entity319 kinase inhibitor greatly suppressed the growth of @entity1 , a t(8;21) cell line in a dose-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis, but did not show any significant influence on @entity1 , a t(15;17) cell line. In addition, @entity319 kinase inhibitor potentiated the growth inhibitory effect of @entity2592 in Kasumi-1. Finally, it was shown that the @entity584 phosphorylation was augmented by @entity7 (165) in Kasumi-1, which was abrogated by @entity319 kinase inhibitor. NB4 showed undetectable @entity584 phosphorylation even with @entity7 (165). These data demonstrated that t(8;21) @entity3052 cells are dependent on @entity7 through @entity319 , resulting in the phosphorylation of @entity584 .

title: t(8;21) @entity3052 cells are dependent on @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ XXXX receptor type2 pathway and phosphorylation of @entity584 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: Reduction pneumoplasty may improve flow rates, comfort, and exercise tolerance in severe @entity2415 . The basis for improvement has not been systematically addressed. The major disability of @entity2415 stems from impairment of maximal expiratory flow-volume performance of the lung ( @entity16498 ). This requires the chest wall to operate at high volumes, which in turn severely compromises @entity121 . Clinical benefit, then, requires that @entity16498 performance improve so that the operating lung volume is reduced. This study presents theory and illustrative calculations. Removing nonventilating lung (e.g., bullae) simply displaces the @entity16498 curve down the @entity2270 . Removing ventilating parenchyma reduces both volume and maximal expiratory flow at iso-lung recoil pressure, and shortens the curve on the @entity2270 . The critical beneficial effect in both cases is reduction of the volume for a given limiting flow, VL (Vmax). Removing a given fraction of lung from the ventilating compartment is nearly as effective as removing it from the nonventilating compartment. Lowering of operating volumes benefits the strength, efficiency, endurance, and reserve of the inspiratory muscles and thus extends the metabolic scope of the @entity13404 @entity1 .

title: Theoretical basis for improvement following reduction pneumoplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['volume axis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory muscle function']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Resistance of @entity1778 stem cells (LSCs) to chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) causes @entity66 . Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance and differentiation of @entity5 stem cells. Yet its role in @entity3052 remains controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of @entity8889 , the transcriptional activator of Hh signaling, in @entity3052 progenitor cells and to explore the anti- @entity3052 effects of @entity8889 small-molecule inhibitor @entity35165 . METHODS: The expression of @entity8889 mRNA and protein were examined in @entity3052 progenitor cells and normal cells. The proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis and differentiation of @entity3052 progenitor cells were also analyzed in the presence of @entity35165 . RESULTS: @entity1 and KG1a cells, containing more @entity2280 + cells, expressed higher level of @entity8889 compared to U937 and @entity1 cells with fewer @entity2280 + cells. Consistently, a positive correlation between the protein levels of @entity8889 and @entity2280 was validated in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of @entity3052 @entity1 tested. @entity35165 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation in @entity3052 cell lines. Importantly, @entity35165 induced apoptosis in @entity2280 + enriched @entity1 and KG1a cells, whereas it induced differentiation in U937 and @entity1 cells. Furthermore, @entity35165 enhanced the @entity137 of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) in primary @entity2280 + @entity3052 cells, indicating that inhibition of @entity8889 could be a promising strategy to enhance chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggested that Hh signaling was activated in @entity3052 progenitor cells. @entity8889 acted as a potential target for @entity3052 therapy.

title: Targeting @entity8889 Suppresses Cell Growth and Enhances Chemosensitivity in XXXX + Enriched Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progenitor Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapse of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine', 'Ara-c']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the transmural extent of @entity583 defined by contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) relates to early restoration of flow and future improvements in contractile function. We tested the hypothesis that ceMRI would have similar predictive value in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 who presented with their first @entity583 and were successfully revascularized underwent cine and ceMRI of their heart within 7 days ( @entity22740 ) of the peak MB band of @entity908 kinase. Cine MRI was repeated 8 to 12 weeks later (scan 2). The transmural extent of @entity1188 on @entity22740 and wall thickening on both scans were determined using a 72-segment model. A total of 524 of 1571 segments (33%) were dysfunctional on @entity22740 . Improvement in segmental contractile function on scan 2 was inversely related to the transmural extent of @entity1188 on @entity22740 (P=0.001). Improvement in global contractile function, as assessed by ejection fraction and mean wall thickening score, was not predicted by peak @entity908 kinase-MB (P=0.66) or by total @entity1188 size, as defined by MRI (P=0.70). The best predictor of global improvement was the extent of dysfunctional myocardium that was not infarcted or had @entity1188 comprising <25% of left ventricular wall thickness (P<0.005 for ejection fraction, P<0.001 for mean wall thickening score). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity583 , the transmural extent of @entity1188 defined by ceMRI predicts improvement in contractile function.

title: Transmural extent of XXXX predicts long-term improvement in contractile function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ( @entity1659 ) is a disease with protean manifestations which is often misdiagnosed initially. The purpose of this study was to delineate the clinical spectrum and course of this potentially life-threatening disease. SETTING: Ten members of two unrelated affected kindreds were repeatedly hospitalized in our service with attacks of @entity4 . Among the 271 members of the two kindreds 69 were identified who reported typical attacks. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Detailed information on the clinical course and laboratory data (C1-inhibitor concentration and activity, C4 concentration) were obtained from 59 of the 69 affected subjects. RESULTS: C1-inhibitor concentration and activity were low in all affected @entity1 . The disease had become manifest by age 30 years in 98%. Most @entity1 suffered from attacks of subcutaneous swellings and @entity490 , and half of the @entity1 have had attacks affecting the airways. The frequency of attacks ranged from less than one to over 26 per year. Forty-two per cent had to be hospitalized at least once. Four have died of acute @entity1224 . Thirty-eight attacks in 10 @entity1 hospitalized in our service were all treated successfully with fresh frozen plasma or with C1-inhibitor concentrate. @entity130 , stress, insect stings and foodstuff were triggering factors, but the majority of attacks occurred without an identifiable trigger. Oral contraceptives and pregnancy led to worsening of symptoms. Nonetheless, all 36 pregnancies reported were carried to term. Twenty-five @entity1 were on continuous treatment with attenuated @entity3800 or @entity927 , but only seven were free of attacks in the year preceding the survey. CONCLUSION: @entity4 is an @entity74 with great variability of clinical expression and severity, even within a single kindred. It often goes unrecognized over years, and it may lead to death if, in case of impending @entity1224 , specific therapy is not instituted.

title: Type I XXXX . Variability of clinical presentation and course within two large kindreds.

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['C1-inhibitor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary angio-oedema', 'angio-oedema']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['hereditary angio-oedema']


abstract: GUIDELINE QUESTION: How effective is @entity1259 compared with @entity632 in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 ? OBJECTIVE: To make recommendations about the use of @entity1259 , particularly compared with @entity632 , in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . OUTCOMES: Outcomes of interest are response rate, survival and @entity137 . PERSPECTIVE (VALUES): Evidence was reviewed and summarized by a member of the Provincial Systemic Treatment Disease Site Group (DSG) of the @entity5 Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative. Drafts of the practice guideline were reviewed and discussed by the Breast @entity5 DSG of the @entity5 Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative. The 2 DSGs comprise medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, epidemiologists, pathologists, nurses, pharmacists, a medical sociologist and a community representative. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Thirteen randomized controlled trials (11 published reports and 2 reports in abstract form) were reviewed that compared @entity1259 and @entity632 at equal doses, @entity1259 at a higher dose than that of @entity632 , and @entity1259 at escalating doses. BENEFITS: No significant differences were observed in response rate or median survival in the 7 trials comparing equal doses of @entity1259 and @entity632 or in the 3 trials comparing @entity1259 at a higher dose than that of @entity632 . An increased response rate was observed with higher doses of @entity1259 in the 3 trials that compared escalating doses; no difference in survival was observed. HARMS: Compared with @entity632 , @entity1259 was associated with @entity1209 (risk ratio [RR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.92; p = 0.0048), less @entity1398 (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.78; p = 0.0017) and less @entity1370 (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.77; p = 0.0044), including a trend toward fewer episodes of @entity712 (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.04; p = 0.059). PRACTICE GUIDELINE: For the treatment of metastatic @entity0 in which the goal of treatment is palliation, @entity1259 (at doses equivalent to @entity632 ) has been shown to be equally efficacious and less toxic than @entity632 . @entity632 , however, is an acceptable alternative. CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE DATE: Oct. 2, 1997.

title: XXXX , alone or in combination chemotherapy, for metastatic @entity0 . Provincial @entity0 Site Group and the Provincial Systemic Treatment Disease Site Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['less nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: The continued development of nuclear weapons and the potential for thermonuclear injury necessitates the further understanding of the immune consequences after @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). We hypothesized that sublethal ionization radiation exposure combined with a full-thickness @entity130 would result in the production of immature myeloid cells. @entity19 underwent either a full-thickness contact burn of 20% total body surface area or sham procedure followed by a single whole-body dose of 5-Gy radiation. Serum, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes were harvested at 3 and 14 days after injury. Flow cytometry was performed to identify and characterize adaptive and innate cell compartments. Elevated proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines and profound @entity1431 were observed after @entity1161 . A population of cells with dual expression of the cell surface markers Gr-1 and @entity3804 were identified in all experimental groups, but were significantly elevated after burn alone and @entity1161 at 14 days after injury. In contrast to the T-cell-suppressive nature of myeloid-derived suppressor cells found after @entity130 and @entity295 , myeloid cells after @entity1161 augmented T-cell proliferation and were associated with a weak but significant increase in interferon y and a decrease in @entity1618 . This is consistent with previous work in @entity130 indicating that a myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like population increases innate immunity. Radiation combined injury results in the increase in distinct populations of Gr-1 @entity3804 cells within the secondary lymphoid organs, and we propose these immature inflammatory myeloid cells provide innate immunity to the severely injured and immunocompromised host.

title: Radiation combined with XXXX induces immature myeloid cells.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation combined with injury', 'RCI']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury', 'trauma', 'thermal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thermal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a spontaneously remitting disease for @entity158 is the most distressing symptom. Antibiotics are now known to have less benefit than previously assumed. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of topical @entity1337 for @entity697 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to May Week 3 2006), EMBASE (1990 to December 2005) and LILACS (1982 to September 2005) without language restriction, and the reference lists of articles. We also contacted manufacturers and authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: Double-blind randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing an otic preparation with an analgesic effect (excluding antibiotics) versus placebo or an otic preparation with an analgesic effect (excluding antibiotics) versus any other otic preparation with an analgesic effect, in adults or @entity1 presenting at primary care settings with @entity697 without perforation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Potential studies were screened independently and trial quality was assessed by three authors, and differences were resolved by discussion. Data was then independently extracted from the trials selected by two authors. We contacted the authors of three trials to acquire additional information not available in published articles. MAIN RESULTS: Our searches yielded 356 records; four trials met our criteria. One trial with 54 @entity1 compared treatment with anaesthetic ear drops versus an olive oil placebo immediately at diagnosis. All @entity1 were also given @entity1443 . There was a statistically significant @entity158 reduction of 25% in those receiving anaesthetic drops 30 minutes after instillation. Three trials (with one common co-author) compared anaesthetic ear drops with @entity2169 in 274 @entity1 . One of these trials also used antibiotics in both groups. There were statistically significant differences at instillation of drops, or 15 or 30 minutes after the instillation (or both) on one to three days after diagnosis, always favouring the naturopathic group in each trial. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from these four randomised controlled trials, only one of which addresses the most relevant question of primary effectiveness, is insufficient to know whether ear drops are effective or not.

title: Topical XXXX for @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AOM', 'Acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['which pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['naturopathic herbal ear drops']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Female @entity250 (FSD) is highly prevalent (45-74%) in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . Quantitative sensory testing (QST) has recently been used to assess normal neural function of the female genitalia. In this study we used QST for assessment of the genital neural function of female @entity15 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 41 female @entity15 @entity1 aged 21-56, with 10 years median disease duration. Each @entity1 had a neurological examination, and evaluation of sexual function (SF) by both questionnaire and a focused interview. QST was performed at the clitoris and vagina for temperature and vibratory stimuli, by method of limits. RESULTS: By questionnaire, 25 @entity1 (61%) had FSD; the most common complaints were decreased libido (61%) and orgasmic disturbances (54%). @entity51 was very common--significant correlations were found between high sensory thresholds and FSD parameters; the most significant correlation was between clitoral vibratory sensation and @entity409 (r = 0.423, P = 0.006). Another interesting significant association was found between cerebellar deficit and @entity409 (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that QST of the genitalia, specifically clitoral vibration, may be a useful test for detecting @entity250 in @entity15 @entity1 , and supports an important role of the cerebellum in SF.

title: XXXX in females with @entity15 : quantitative sensory testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orgasmic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity158 3 years after injury are at risk of @entity158 . It is not known if the predictors of @entity1118 at 3 years are the same as those for earlier time points or whether other factors become important. Clarifying these factors will aid our understanding of the development of long-term @entity158 and further inform the development of models for screening and early intervention for @entity158 in the @entity130 . DESIGN: @entity1 admitted to two @entity130 centers underwent a comprehensive physical and psychological assessment of known and potential risk factors for @entity1118 during their index admission. Three years after injury, these @entity1 were assessed for the presence of @entity1118 (score was >= 5 on an 11-point numerical rating scale during the last episode of @entity158 , and present in the last month and at least two times in the past week) and @entity158 . Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for the presence of @entity1118 and disability. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty @entity1 (75.9% of the original cohort) were assessed at 3 years. Of these, 146 (66.7%) reported some @entity158 and 52 (23.7%) reported @entity1118 . Factors (present at the @entity130 ) that predicted @entity1118 were lower socioeconomic status, @entity158 severity, and injury severity. The predictive power of these combined factors was modest. CONCLUSIONS: Three years after @entity130 , almost a quarter of @entity1 report @entity1118 , and more than a third report at least moderate @entity158 . The predicative power of measures taken in the acute setting is not enough to support discharge screening alone as a method of triaging high-risk @entity1 to early intervention.

title: Determinants of XXXX 3 years after moderate or @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aftermath of injury', 'time of injury', 'trauma', 'serious injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'lifetime pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ), an anthropozoonosis fairly common in rural Latin America, has become an @entity66 due to continuous migration, intra- and internationally. Blood transfusion, the second important pathway for transmission, increases its impact. Recognition of seropositive subjects among blood donors is now recommended, and clinical and serological screening enforced. Maneuvers to inactivate or remove @entity1527 present in collected blood are recommended. METHODS: We surveyed voluntary donors at the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City in search of anti-T. cruzi by indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. Seropositive donors were identified and tested for immunoglobulin. We used types and fractions of donated blood to extract DNA and perform the PCR technique using kinetoplast primers seeking parasite DNA in blood. RESULTS: After 3,300 donors were screened, we identified 10 seropositive subjects (0.3%). These subjects were considered as indeterminate chagasic @entity1 , came mainly from rural areas, and had IgG (100%) and IgA (30%) antibodies against a crude extract as well as a recombinant T. cruzi antigen. Identification of parasite DNA in red cell and platelet fraction was achieved from eight blood units. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provide evidence that blood donors at an urban hospital are seropositive for @entity1527 and at least 50% of donors carry the parasite potentially able to transmit @entity1527 in their cellular blood products. Serological screening should be included in routine blood-making. It is also necessary to adopt measures to inactivate or eliminate organisms in donated blood.

title: XXXX ( @entity1526 ) and blood banking in Mexico City: seroprevalence and its potential transfusional transmission risk.

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['American trypanosomiasis', "Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['urban disease']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['American trypanosomiasis']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare the microhardness data of differently eroded enamel surfaces with the wear caused by toothbrushing. Sixty @entity291 enamel specimens were polished and prepared for @entity204 . The polished surfaces were covered with tape except for a 1.3 x 10.0 mm window. Fifteen specimens each were stored in an erosive beverage (Sprite Light) for either 1, 5 or 15 min. Each specimen was immersed in 10 ml of the beverage. The remaining 15 specimens were not eroded. Interferometrical analysis revealed that substance loss after 15 min of @entity2681 was negligibly low (about 75 mm). In all specimens Vickers @entity204 were conducted on eroded (= final hardness) and non-eroded (= initial hardness) enamel surfaces. The specimens were subsequently submitted to toothbrushing abrasion using a slurry consisting of 1 g non-fluoridated dentifrice in 5 ml artificial saliva. The total amount of @entity3356 due to @entity2681 and subsequent abrasion was profilometrically evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in hardness and a significant increase in wear with increasing time of storage in the erosive beverage. Overall regression analysis yielded a statistically significant correlation between both @entity3358 and the amount of @entity3356 . The correlation of @entity3358 could be described by a quadratic mathematical function. It is concluded that the susceptibility of eroded enamel to toothbrushing abrasion can be correlated with Vickers microhardness values, thereby suggesting an overproportionate increase of abrasion with decreasing hardness values.

title: Correlation of microhardness and wear in differently eroded XXXX dental enamel.

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['abrasion and final hardness', 'initial and final hardness']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['tooth wear']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['microhardness determinations', 'microhardness determination']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In hemodynamically stable @entity1 after blunt @entity788 , the main pancreatic duct (MPD) disruption (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] grade III-IV-V lesions) is usually treated surgically or by endoscopic stent placement, whereas @entity130 without duct involvement (grade I-II) are liable to medical treatment. To date, no evidence has been reported regarding nonoperative management (NoM) of @entity130 . We aimed to evaluate the safety of extending medical management to include cases of distal MPD involvement (grade III). @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected on @entity1 admitted after blunt @entity788 between January 1999 and December 2007. @entity1 exhibiting @entity1344 or hollow organ perforations were excluded from this study, as they were surgically managed. In all remaining cases NoM was attempted. Antibiotic prophylaxis and early total enteral nutrition were routinely adopted. Grade III @entity1 received octreotide during hospitalization and for 6 months after discharge. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (2 with grade I injury, 3 with @entity130 , and 6 with @entity130 , all diagnosed by contrast-enhanced helical CT) were included. Nonsurgical management was carried out in all of these @entity1 . Among grade III @entity1 , one developed a peripancreatic @entity733 ; another, a @entity3472 . Both were successfully treated nonoperatively. The average length of hospital stay was similar in grade I-II and grade III @entity1 . After a median follow-up of 57 months no mortality or pancreatic sequelae had occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Under the aforementioned conditions, an attempt to extend NoM to include @entity1 with AAST-grade III lesions can be justified. However, such a strategy demands continuous @entity1 monitoring, because should the case worsen, surgery might become necessary.

title: Extension of nonoperative management of blunt XXXX to include @entity130 : a safety analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['grade III injuries', 'injuries', 'grade III injury', 'grade II injury']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic trauma']


abstract: Maximum amount of extracellular alpha-amylase of @entity10948 NRRL B14368 was obtained at the stationary phase. Highest yield of alpha-amylase was achieved with high level of crude protein and low @entity1735 level. There was a catabolite repression in the organism. Protease was produced concurrently with alpha-amylase. It was also observed that soyabean acts as an inhibitor of the protease. Optimum pH and temperature of alpha-amylase were 5-7 and 76 degrees C respectively. It was also observed that alpha-amylase production was a non-growth associated product. @entity7969 was an excellent inducer for alpha-amylase production. @entity141 (0.01 M) increased the thermostability of the enzyme. Alpha-amylase purification studies were carried out by using @entity5723 , @entity1324 , @entity4859 solution, ion exchange chromatography. @entity1324 was found most suitable for the separation of alpha-amylase. Protein recovery and relative enzyme activity (as compared to that of the maximum activity of the crude enzyme) were 30.77% and 3.03 respectively.

title: Thermostable alpha-amylase production using XXXX NRRL B14368.

entities_list: @entity10948 :: ('1402', 'Species') :: ['B. licheniformis']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1324 :: ('MESH:D000096', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetone', 'acetone']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity10948 :: (1402,Species) :: ['Bacillus licheniformis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intrinsic @entity11 subtypes (IGSs) are molecularly similar @entity5 that can be identified based on unsupervised gene expression analysis. Here, we have evaluated the clinical relevance of these subtypes within European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) 26951, a randomized phase III clinical trial investigating adjuvant @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ) chemotherapy in anaplastic @entity5 . Our study includes gene expression profiles of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) clinical trial samples. @entity1 AND METHODS: Gene expression profiling was performed in 140 samples, 47 fresh frozen samples and 93 FFPE samples, on HU133_Plus_2.0 and HuEx_1.0_st arrays, respectively. RESULTS: All previously identified six IGSs are present in EORTC 26951. This confirms that different molecular subtypes are present within a well-defined histologic subtype. Intrinsic subtypes are highly prognostic for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). They are prognostic for PFS independent of clinical (age, performance status, and @entity5 location), molecular (1p/19q loss of heterozygosity [LOH], @entity818 mutation, and @entity8724 methylation), and histologic parameters. Combining known molecular (1p/19q LOH, @entity818 ) prognostic parameters with intrinsic subtypes improves outcome prediction (proportion of explained variation, 30% v 23% for each individual group of factors). Specific genetic changes ( @entity818 , 1p/19q LOH, and @entity470 amplification) segregate into different subtypes. We identified one subtype, IGS-9 (characterized by a high percentage of 1p/19q LOH and @entity818 mutations), that especially benefits from @entity1485 chemotherapy. Median OS in this subtype was 5.5 years after radiotherapy (RT) alone versus 12.8 years after RT/ @entity1485 (P = .0349; hazard ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.50). CONCLUSION: Intrinsic subtypes are highly prognostic in EORTC 26951 and improve outcome prediction when combined with other prognostic factors. Tumors assigned to IGS-9 benefit from adjuvant @entity1485 .

title: Intrinsic molecular subtypes of XXXX are prognostic and predict benefit from adjuvant @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 chemotherapy in combination with other prognostic factors in anaplastic oligodendroglial brain tumors: a report from EORTC study 26951.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: We studied the long-term outcome of 268 @entity1 suffering from @entity454 ( @entity3918 ) treated with long-term haemodialysis between 1978 and 1991, with special emphasis on visual acuity as well as the heterogeneity of @entity3918 . The 50% @entity1 survival on haemodialysis was 60 months. @entity227 were found in 73.1% (392/536) of eyes at the start of haemodialysis. Chronological assessment of visual acuity demonstrated the stabilization of visual acuity and 87.1% (364/418) of eyes were stable, 4.8% (20/418) were improved, and 8.1% (34/418) were aggravated in the long term respectively. The change of visual acuity was frequently seen in the short term, and rapid shifts of body fluid to correct @entity5225 induced abrupt changes of glycaemic control as well as retraction of macular @entity4 . Hence it might be one of the factors affecting rapid change of visual acuity in the short term. Meanwhile, long-term deterioration of visual acuity resulted from either @entity101 unresponsive to medical treatment or poor glycaemic control. Some @entity3918 @entity1 had only background @entity989 at the start of haemodialysis and these were likely to have the @entity8 . They were old, not @entity1985 and had a mild degree of @entity6 during the predialysis stage. Thus, @entity3918 @entity1 seem to have some heterogeneity in their clinical characteristics, and old @entity3918 @entity1 with only background @entity989 have the appearance of @entity6 rather than @entity455 .

title: Long-term follow-up study of 268 XXXX @entity1 undergoing haemodialysis, with special attention to visual acuity and heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerotic glomerular lesion']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macroangiopathy', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) has become an important endpoint in testing the efficacy of treatments for @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and the consequences of @entity409 which include @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity1578 . However, a paucity of research on @entity283 has been conducted with these @entity1 populations. The aims of the present study were to compare @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 to @entity1 diagnosed with @entity409 as well as with the general population (GP) on a disease-specific instrument measuring @entity283 . If significant and clinically meaningful differences in @entity283 exist, @entity283 may be used as a corroborative indicator of disease progression in @entity1 with @entity409 . Two hundred and seventy-two @entity1 participated in the present study. Of these @entity1 , 83 were diagnosed with @entity157 , 51 with @entity409 , and 138 were from the GP. None of the @entity1 in the @entity157 or @entity409 samples were actively receiving chemotherapeutic treatments for the @entity409 or @entity157 . A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) was administered to @entity1 . The results of the study suggested that @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 , prior to treatment, had a poorer overall @entity283 when compared to those @entity1 with @entity409 and the general population, as expected. The differences in @entity283 were statistically significant as well as clinically meaningful. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity409 and @entity157 respectively, reported better social and family well-being than the general population. Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity409 reported equivalent emotional well-being as the general population sample. @entity283 subscale scores, with the exception of social and family well-being, discriminated group membership.

title: Health-related quality of life: XXXX , @entity409 , and the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'Health related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity560 or @entity460 supplementation may have effects on @entity455 and @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate whether @entity560 or @entity460 supplementation affects mortality, @entity455 , and @entity5 in older @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The study included long-term follow-up of @entity1 in a two by two factorial, randomized controlled trial from 21 orthopedic centers in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : @entity1 were 5292 @entity1 (85% @entity1 ) aged at least 70 yr with previous @entity174 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to daily @entity3875 (800 IU), @entity460 (1000 mg), both, or placebo for 24-62 months, with a follow-up of 3 yr after intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause mortality, @entity455 mortality, @entity5 mortality, and @entity5 incidence were evaluated. RESULTS: In intention-to-treat analyses, mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85-1.02], @entity455 mortality (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.79-1.05), @entity5 mortality (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.68-1.06), and @entity5 incidence (HR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.92-1.25) did not differ significantly between @entity1 allocated @entity560 and those not. All-cause mortality (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.94-1.13), @entity455 mortality (HR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.92-1.24), @entity5 mortality (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.91-1.40), and @entity5 incidence (HR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.91-1.23) also did not differ significantly between @entity1 allocated @entity460 and those not. In a post hoc statistical analysis adjusting for compliance, thus with fewer @entity1 , trends for reduced mortality with @entity560 and increased mortality with @entity460 were accentuated, although all results remain nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Daily @entity560 or @entity460 supplementation did not affect mortality, @entity455 , @entity5 mortality, or @entity5 incidence.

title: Long-term follow-up for mortality and @entity5 in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of @entity3875 and/or XXXX (RECORD trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['low-trauma fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1374 after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been investigated in many studies, and most posttransplant @entity1374 are now recognized as a late complication of transplantation. However, these studies mainly focused on late thyroid function after BMT, and we have little information on early changes of thyroid function after BMT. METHODS: We prospectively investigated thyroid function in 57 @entity1 receiving BMT. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free @entity1954 , and free @entity1955 levels were determined at least monthly in the first 3 months, once between 3 and 12 months and once in the second year after BMT. RESULTS: During the first 6 months after BMT, 24 and 7 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity3214 ( @entity3214 ) and @entity2743 , respectively. Of the 52 @entity1 alive 1 year after transplantation, 9 @entity1 were still diagnosed as having @entity3214 , and 8 @entity1 developed @entity1375 . @entity1 with @entity2743 showed similar characteristics, and the high incidence of @entity2743 after BMT is a novel finding. The median for the onset of @entity2743 was day 111 after transplantation. @entity2743 was transient in all of the @entity1 , but in seven @entity1 @entity1375 followed, the median onset at 12 months after BMT. Serum thyroglobulin levels were elevated in five patients, and antibodies autoreactive to the thyroid gland were detected in seven @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2743 may be a distinct clinical entity of @entity1374 after BMT and may serve to predict the development of @entity1375 . Immune-mediated @entity1374 may contribute to the development of @entity1375 .

title: Thyroid function after bone marrow transplantation: possible association between immune-mediated XXXX and @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'posttransplant hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['ETS', 'euthyroid sick syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid injury', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the long-term training adaptations associated with low-volume circuit-type versus periodized high-volume resistance training programs in @entity1 . METHODS: 34 healthy, untrained @entity1 were randomly placed into one of the following groups: low-volume, single-set circuit (SSC; N = 12); periodized high-volume @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ; N = 12); or nonexercising control (CON) group (N = 10). The SSC group performed one set of 8-12 repetitions to muscular failure 3 d x wk(-1). The @entity10281 group performed two to four sets of 3-15 repetitions with periodized volume and intensity 4 d x wk(-1). Muscular strength, power, speed, endurance, anthropometry, and resting hormonal concentrations were determined pretraining (T1), after 12 wk (T2), and after 24 wk of training (T3). RESULTS: 1-RM bench press and leg press, and upper and lower body local muscular endurance increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) at T2 for both groups, but only @entity10281 showed a significant increase at T3. Muscular power and speed increased significantly at T2 and T3 only for @entity10281 . Increases in @entity251 were observed for both groups at T2 but only @entity10281 showed a significant increase at T3. @entity701 decreased from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3 in @entity10281 . @entity442 increased significantly at T3 for SSC and at T2 and T3 for @entity10281 . No changes were observed for growth hormone in any of the training groups. CONCLUSION: Significant improvements in muscular performance may be attained with either a low-volume single-set program or a high-volume, periodized @entity10281 program during the first 12 wk of training in untrained @entity1 . However, dramatically different training adaptations are associated with specific domains of training program design which contrast in speed of movement, exercise choices and use of variation (periodization) in the intensity and volume of exercise.

title: Low-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Presence of delayed enhancement (DE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is associated with worse clinical outcomes in @entity1121 . We investigated the relationship between DE on CMR and @entity741 in @entity1121 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1121 @entity1 (n=47) underwent CMR for assessment of DE and vasodilator stress ammonia positron emission tomography to quantify myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. The summed difference score for regional myocardial perfusion was also assessed. @entity1 in the DE group (n=35) had greater left ventricular wall thickness (2.09  0.44 versus 1.78  0.34 cm; P=0.03). Stress myocardial blood flow (2.25  0.46 versus 1.78  0.43 mL/min per gram; P=0.01) and coronary flow reserve (2.78  0.32 versus 2.01  0.52; P<0.001) were significantly lower in DE-positive @entity1 . Summed difference score (7.3  6.6 versus 0.9  1.4; P<0.0001) was significantly higher in @entity1 with DE. A coronary flow reserve <2.00 was seen in 18 @entity1 (51%) with DE but in none of the DE-negative @entity1 (P<0.0001). CMR and positron emission tomography showed visually concordant DE and regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities in 31 @entity1 and absence of DE and perfusion defects in 9 @entity1 . Four DE-positive @entity1 demonstrated normal regional myocardial perfusion, and 3 DE-negative @entity1 had (apical) regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: We found a close relationship between DE by CMR and microvascular function in most of the @entity1 studied. However, a small proportion of @entity1 had DE in the absence of perfusion abnormalities, suggesting that @entity409 and @entity63 are not the sole causes of DE in @entity1121 @entity1 .

title: Relationship of delayed enhancement by magnetic resonance to myocardial perfusion by positron emission tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']