abstract: @entity12116 synthetase (CPS) from @entity526 is allosterically regulated by the metabolites @entity7222 , @entity15129 , and UMP. @entity7222 and IMP function as activators, whereas UMP is an inhibitor. CPS undergoes changes in the state of oligomerization that are dependent on the protein concentration and the binding of allosteric effectors. @entity7222 and IMP promote the formation of an (alphabeta)4 tetramer while UMP favors the formation of an (alphabeta)2 dimer. The three-dimensional structure of the (alphabeta)4 tetramer has unveiled two regions of molecular contact between symmetry-related monomeric units. Identical residues within two pairs of allosteric domains interact with one another as do twin pairs of oligomerization domains. There are thus two possible structures for an (alphabeta)2 dimer: an elongated dimer formed at the interface of two allosteric domains and a more compact dimer formed at the interface between two oligomerization domains. Mutations at the two interfacial sites of oligomerization were constructed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism for assembly of the (alphabeta)4 tetramer through disruption of the molecular binding interactions between monomeric units. When Leu-421 (located in the oligomerization domain) was mutated to a @entity2227 residue, CPS formed an (alphabeta)2 dimer in the presence of @entity7222 , @entity22572 , or IMP. In contrast, when @entity2734 -987 (located in the allosteric binding domain) was mutated to an @entity492 , an (alphabeta) monomer was formed regardless of the presence of any allosteric effectors. These results are consistent with a model for the structure of the (alphabeta)2 dimer that is formed through molecular contact between two pairs of allosteric domains. Apparently, the second interaction, between pairs of oligomerization domains, does not form until after the interaction between pairs of allosteric domains is formed. The binding of UMP to the allosteric domain inhibits the dimerization of the (alphabeta)2 dimer, whereas the binding of either IMP or @entity7222 to this same domain promotes the dimerization of the (alphabeta)2 dimer. In the oligomerization process, @entity7222 and IMP must exert a conformational alteration on the oligomerization domain, which is approximately 45 A away from their site of binding within the allosteric domain. No significant dependence of the specific catalytic activity on the protein concentration could be detected, and thus the effects induced by the allosteric ligands on the catalytic activity and the state of oligomerization are unlinked from one another.

title: Allosteric control of the oligomerization of @entity12116 synthetase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamoyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ornithine', 'ornithine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Menopause marks the end of the reproductive life span of @entity1 and is characterized by a dramatic drop of circulating @entity172 . @entity9646 replacement therapy (HRT) has been successfully used to treat the symptoms of menopause because @entity172 has strong suppressive effects on climacteric complaints. As the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis is a target for @entity172 action we assessed the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) and long-term (3 months) @entity53 (E2) treatment by means of subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted silastic capsules on pituitary and thyroid function in middle-aged female @entity35 . Our results demonstrate that s.c. administration of E2 resulted in physiological serum concentrations of E2. Upon OVX, @entity12209 mRNA in the pituitary was induced and amounts of transcripts decreased after E2 administration. Implanted E2 capsules led to a reduction of @entity7605 mRNA in the pituitary. E2 treatment attenuated the OVX-induced increases in @entity56641 mRNA. Chronic E2 treatment reduced total T4 levels in OVX animals. TSH and total T3 serum levels were not altered upon E2 treatment. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that both, the pituitary and the thyroid of middle-aged @entity35 remain susceptible to the influence of OVX and E2 treatment.

title: Chronic treatment with low doses of XXXX affects pituitary and thyroid function in young and middle-aged ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Optimal surgical treatment in elderly @entity1 with @entity174 is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the surgical outcomes of anterior screw fixation of type II B odontoid @entity174 in the elderly. MATERIALS: Fifteen @entity1 who had type II B odontoid @entity174 were treated consecutively by anterior odontoid screw fixation between 2001 and 2005. The @entity1 group comprised 11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . In all @entity1 , 3-D CT reconstructions were checked for accurate diagnosis for @entity174 . The medical records, plain X-rays, and CT scans of all @entity1 were reviewed and fusion rate, union time, incidence of perioperative complications, neurologic outcome, and mortality were studied. Radiologic and clinical follow-up were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated with anterior odontoid screw fixation by use of one compression screw. Mean age was 68.9 years (range, 61-78) and mean follow-up was 18.3 months. The overall fusion rate was 77%. If follow-up studies revealed @entity1516 , additional dorsal fixation with transarticular C1-C2 screws or C1-C2 posterior screw-rod fixation with bone graft was performed. Mean union time was 17.1 week. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of anterior odontoid screw fixation of type II B odontoid @entity174 in the elderly is satisfactory. We experienced satisfactory union rates and preserved cervical range of movement without the need of postoperative rigid neck immobilization. The morbidity associated with this procedure was low. We recommend anterior screw fixation as an effective method of treating type II B odontoid @entity174 in the elderly.

title: Anterior screw fixation of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'type II odontoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['type II odontoid fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is recommended that @entity6069 mutation carriers undergo @entity0 screening using MRI because of their very high @entity5 risk and the high sensitivity of MRI in detecting invasive @entity5 . Clinical observations suggest important differences in the natural history between @entity0 due to mutations in @entity5345 and @entity2674 , potentially requiring different screening guidelines. METHODS: Three studies of mutation carriers using annual MRI and mammography were analyzed. Separate natural history models for @entity5345 and @entity2674 were calibrated to the results of these studies and used to predict the impact of various screening protocols on detection characteristics and mortality. RESULTS: @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers (N = 1,275) participated in the studies and 124 @entity5 (99 invasive) were diagnosed. @entity5 detected in @entity2674 mutation carriers were smaller [80% @entity513 in situ (DCIS) or  <=10 mm vs. 49% for @entity5345 , P < 0.001]. Below the age of 40, one (invasive) @entity5 of the 25 screen-detected @entity5 in @entity5345 mutation carriers was detected by mammography alone, compared with seven (three invasive) of 11 screen-detected @entity5 in @entity2674 (P < 0.0001). In the model, the preclinical period during which @entity5 is screen-detectable was 1 to 4 years for @entity6069 to 7 years for @entity2674 . The model predicted @entity0 mortality reductions of 42% to 47% for mammography, 48% to 61% for MRI, and 50% to 62% for combined screening. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest substantial mortality benefits in using MRI to screen @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers aged 25 to 60 years but show important clinical differences in natural history. IMPACT: @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers may benefit from different screening protocols, for example, below the age of 40.

title: Differences in natural history between @entity0 in XXXX and @entity2674 mutation carriers and effects of MRI screening-MRISC, MARIBS, and Canadian studies combined.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish if the prognosis of a @entity0 is improved by primary high-dose chemotherapy in combination with haemopoietic growth factors, followed by radical surgery and radiotherapy. DESIGN: Phase II study. SETTING: University Hospital Free University, Amsterdam. METHOD: Fifteen @entity1 with a locally advanced @entity0 (stages IIIA or IIIB) were treated every three weeks with @entity632 90 mg/sq.m. and @entity786 1000 mg/sq.m., followed by @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) 250 micrograms/sq.m. from day 2 up to and including day 12. After 4-6 of these courses the treatment in principle was continued with a modified radical mastectomy, followed by radiotherapy. Median duration of follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: All @entity5 were reduced by over 50%. 10/15 @entity1 went into clinical complete remission; in 6/9 of these, pathological examination revealed only microscopical @entity5 rests, in the other three the rest diameter was < or = 1 cm. The haematological @entity137 was mild. Grade III-IV @entity236 was followed by rapid return to normal of the numbers of neutrophil granulocytes and thrombocytes under the influence of @entity2841 . The non-haematological @entity137 manifested itself with @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity3136 and mild side effects attributable to @entity2841 . CONCLUSION: It appears justified in the treatment of locally advanced @entity0 to start with chemotherapy. Dose escalation of efficacious chemotherapeutics resulted in a large number of complete remissions.

title: [Primary high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic growth factors followed by surgery and radiotherapy in XXXX ; a Phase II study in 15 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'stage III breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage III breast carcinoma']


abstract: A case of @entity4267 at the internal carotid origin is reported. A 45-year-old, right-handed @entity1 who was in good health, experienced 5-6 second episodes of @entity1183 and tingling in her right hand and lip. She had no history of medical illness or @entity130 . The @entity1 suffered the same sort of attack almost seven years after her first episode. General examination was unremarkable. There was no sign of residual neurologic deficit. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a discrete filling defect at the internal carotid origin. There was no evidence of @entity731 in the intracranial or extracranial vessels. The lesion occluded approximately 58% of the lumen. A carotid endarterectomy was performed and a "web shaped" tissue was removed from the posterior aspect of the right internal carotid artery. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated intimal @entity82 , consistent with the diagnosis of @entity4267 . In addition to our @entity1 , eight other cases of cephalic @entity4267 have been reported in the form of an internal carotid web. This type of lesion is unique because the changes involve only the intima of the vessels without involvement of the medial structure as is seen in the usual form of @entity4267 . Moreover, 5 out of 9 @entity1 reported had the repeated episodes of the ischemic symptom, suggesting @entity1 with this particular lesion have higher risk for @entity64 than those with the usual "string of beads" lesion. In these @entity1 , surgical treatment should be considered, especially if medical therapy is unsuccessful.

title: [ XXXX at the internal carotid origin: a case of carotid web].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4267 :: (MESH:D005352,Disease) :: ['Fibromuscular dysplasia']


abstract: In this review, the main characteristics of genetic models of @entity2048 , in particular with respect to WAG/Rij @entity35 , are presented. Genetic models are important and relevant, since evidence exists that these models mimic spontaneously occurring @entity1 @entity302 more than models in @entity302 is artificially induced. Genetic models can be divided into models in which @entity410 are elicited and into those in @entity302 appears without any sensory stimulation. The majority of genetic models show that absence type of @entity302 ; during the last few years, we and others have noticed that @entity35 of various strains exhibit spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges in the EEG. Among the strains highly affected is the WAG/Rij strain, which is a fully inbred strain. Individuals are homozygous and because of this property, genetic studies are meaningful. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that abnormal discharges in the cortical EEG are generalized and that the hippocampus is not involved. Parts of the thalamus, together with the thalamic reticular nucleus, apparently act as a pacemaker for the abnormal discharges. There is a circadian modulation in the number of spike-wave discharges. Discharges mainly occur during intermediate levels of vigilance such as passive wakefulness and light slow-wave sleep and at transitions of sleep states. Pharmacological studies with clinically effective antiepileptic drugs have shown a close agreement in @entity410 response between @entity1 and @entity35 . Studies with new compounds have emphasized the role of the GABAergic and glutamatergic system in this type of @entity302 . Particularly striking is the role of the GABAergic system. @entity1246 agonists enhance and @entity1246 antagonists reduce the occurrence of spike-wave discharges, which deviates from the effects of GABAergic drugs in non-convulsive @entity302 . Even more striking is the role of the @entity1245 , generally seen as @entity1246 agonists; these drugs do not act as such in @entity2048 since they reduce spike-wave discharges. Also good evidence for an involvement of other neurotransmitters such as @entity1063 , @entity935 and opioid peptides exists in @entity2048 . Genetic data obtained from the WAG/Rij model for @entity2048 show a relatively simple pattern of inheritance with one gene determining whether an individual is @entity302 or not, and with other genes regulating the number and duration of @entity410 . This is in good agreement with the more restricted @entity1 data. Cognitive studies have shown two important features of @entity302 in the WAG/Rij strain: modulation of the number of spike-wave discharges by mental or physical activity and on the other hand, the disruption of cognitive activity by spike-wave discharges.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Genetic models of XXXX , with emphasis on the WAG/Rij strain of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['which epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: Mississippi has the highest prevalence of @entity17101 in the country. In 20 years and 5 months there were 123 @entity1 treated for @entity17101 at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Among these, 107 @entity1 had lung involvement and nine @entity1 (8.4%) developed acute @entity649 . Seven of the nine @entity1 (78%) died of @entity1576 . In six @entity1 , the lungs were the only organs involved. The three other @entity1 had involvement of other organs as well. Average survival after the onset of acute @entity649 was 6.9 days (range, 2 to 17 days). Acute @entity649 can be triggered by @entity358 caused by @entity4577 and other fungi. Massive proliferation of @entity375 in the @entity358 is the typical finding of @entity1 with @entity17101 and acute @entity649 . Underlying diseases that lead to immunodepression were present in only one @entity1 and probable partial immunodepression was present in two other @entity1 . Data from 19 other cases reported in the literature are discussed. Ann Diagn Pathol 5:1-9, 2001.

title: Acute @entity649 and XXXX : presentation of nine cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial diseases']

answer: @entity17101 :: (MESH:D001759,Disease) :: ['blastomycosis']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with @entity10193 seen over a 7-year period were reviewed retrospectively. All were elderly females presenting with @entity1744 . The median body weight was 35 kg. A significant proportion of @entity1 (33%) came from homes for elderly @entity1 and were either bed-ridden or wheel chair-bound. All 12 @entity1 were classified as high-risk- @entity1 in pre-operative assessment. Only one @entity1 (8.8%) had a history of previous abdominal operation. Clinical signs such as @entity5043 sign and palpable groin mass were absent in these @entity1 . Contrast radiography was performed in three @entity1 and was not helpful in the diagnosis. A correct pre-operative diagnosis was suspected in only one case. The medium treatment delay was 1.5 days and the gut resection rate was 75%. The overall mortality rate was high (25%). A high index of clinical suspicion is important in the diagnosis and @entity10193 should be suspected whenever an elderly thin female with no previous abdominal surgery developed @entity1744 . Early laparotomy is recommended in such @entity1 .

title: XXXX revisited: a review of 12 cases in 7 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturator hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['Howship-Romberg']

answer: @entity10193 :: (MESH:D006553,Disease) :: ['Obturator hernia']


abstract: Hox genes are known to control the identity of serially repeated structures in arthropods and vertebrates. We analyzed the expression pattern of the Hox genes Deformed ( @entity54883 ), Sex combs reduced ( @entity54884 ), @entity54885 ( @entity54885 ), and Ultrabithorax/abdominal-A ( @entity45191 / @entity45190 ) from the @entity5157 @entity5157 . We also cloned a cDNA with the complete coding region of the @entity54885 gene from Apis. Comparison with @entity54885 proteins from other insect species revealed several regions of homology. The expression patterns of the isolated Hox genes from Apis showed that the original expression patterns of @entity54883 , @entity54884 , and @entity54885 appear between late blastoderm and early germ band stage in a temporal and spatial sequence. Each of them shows up as a belt, spanning approximately two segment anlagen, @entity54883 in the anterior gnathal region, @entity54884 in the posterior gnathal and anterior thoracic region, and @entity54885 in the thoracic region. Following expansion of the @entity54885 domain in the abdomen as a gradient towards the posterior, @entity45191 / @entity45190 expression appears laterally in the abdomen. During gastrulation and in the germ band stage the domains of strong expression do not overlap any more, but touch each other. After gastrulation the borders of the expression domains partly correlate with parasegment and partly with segment boundaries. Laterally, gaps between the domain of each gene may show no expression of any of the genes examined.

title: Hox genes in the @entity5157 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bee', 'Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Apis mellifera']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with unilateral cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) @entity2479 were treated with intravenous infusions of the new virustatic drug @entity11724 ( @entity4540 ). The induction dose was 10 mg/kg body weight per day (2-5 weeks). In six cases, a maintenance dose was given thereafter of 5 mg/kg body weight per day. After the induction dose, five @entity1 had visual improvement and satisfactory cicatrization. In one @entity1 , PVR (proliferative vitreous reaction) developed with total tractional @entity1713 . More ocular complications were seen while on longterm therapy: relapses during discontinuation because of @entity1431 (three times in two @entity1 ), breakthrough (= relapse during maintenance therapy) (one case), @entity1713 (one case), and @entity1952 (two cases). The complications caused @entity1939 in two further @entity1 . Only one @entity1 has tolerated maintenance therapy for 22 weeks without having any complications. One @entity1 wanted to have therapy suspended and has remained free of relapse for 28 weeks while on cytostatic therapy. The eyes of two deceased @entity1 were examined histopathologically, immunhistochemically, and ultrastructurally and the findings compared with those of an untreated case. Given at an early stage and without discontinuation, @entity11724 is an effective means of preventing or delaying @entity1939 caused by @entity10657 in @entity791 @entity1 . The directives for an optimal dosage are subject to further prospective randomized clinical studies.

title: [Experiences with @entity11724 ( @entity4540 )--treatment of @entity10657 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10657 :: ('MESH:D017726', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus retinitis']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['Ganciclovir']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1369 (ALDO) exerts profibrotic effects, acting via the mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular tissues. @entity1369 antagonism in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition may better protect against the untoward effects of ALDO than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition alone. METHODS: In a double-blind randomized study, the tolerability and efficacy of @entity38958 (25 mg/d) plus @entity3371 versus @entity3371 alone were evaluated in 510 @entity1 with an @entity583 ( @entity583 ), a serum @entity1011 concentration < 2.0 mg/dL, and a serum @entity972 level < 5.0 mmol/L. Three hundred forty-one @entity1 received @entity3371 and 25-mg @entity38958 (group A). Group B (346 @entity1 ) received @entity3371 and placebo. At baseline and at 10, 90, and 180 days after admission, Doppler echocardiography was performed. RESULTS: Clinical and demographic aspects were similar in both groups. In addition, baseline cardiac enzyme levels, left ventricular function, and incidence of surgical interventions and angioplasty were comparable. Overall, @entity1011 , blood @entity1133 , and serum @entity972 levels did not show significant differences between groups. However, in 18 @entity1 in group A, increases in serum @entity972 levels to > 5.5 mEq/L and @entity1011 levels to > 2.0 mg/L after 10 days of treatment were observed. At 180 days, the mitral E-wave-A-wave ratio was higher (P = .0001) and left ventricular end-systolic volume was smaller (P = .0001) in @entity1 treated with @entity38958 than in those receiving placebo. No further side effects were observed during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the combination of @entity3371 plus @entity38958 is well tolerated after an acute @entity583 and has beneficial effect on systolic and diastolic parameters and may decrease @entity583 .

title: Effects of @entity38958 plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors alone on systolic and diastolic function in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity38958 :: ('CHEBI:50159', 'Chemical') :: ['canrenoate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'post-MI remodeling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The administration of intravenous sedation during prone computerized tomography guided, percutaneous procedures has the potential for complications. We assessed the @entity158 associated with computerized tomography guided, percutaneous renal cryoablation using straight local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were treated with cryoablation probes inserted into the @entity703 under computerized tomography guidance with local anesthesia. @entity1 were asked to rate the @entity158 experienced during needle placement and cryoablation using a visual 10-degree @entity158 score scale. Sedation was given when @entity158 was greater than 7 or when requested by the @entity1 . Parameters assessed were cardiopulmonary complications, the need for intravenous supplementation, the @entity158 score during the procedure and the postoperative score. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 (30 @entity5 ) underwent a total of 26 cryoablation sessions with only local anesthesia. Mean @entity1 age +/- SD was 67 +/- 13 years (range 33 to 88). Average @entity5 and ice ball size was 2.1 +/- 0.7 (range 1.1 to 4.3) and 4.1 +/- 1.0 cm (range 2.6 to 5.9), respectively. The mean dose of 1% @entity3303 was 43.89 +/- 24.97 ml (range 10 to 110). All procedures were completed in an average of 68.78 +/- 20.7 minutes (range 40 to 120). Vital signs were not significantly changed during the procedure. Successful completion of percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation using local anesthesia was accomplished in 22 of the 26 sessions (84.62%) without sedation. Four @entity1 required intravenous supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation for @entity703 can be performed using local anesthesia with minimal discomfort in most @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous computerized tomography guided renal cryoablation using local anesthesia: XXXX assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The equivalent ear canal volume ranges from 0.3 ml to 1.0 ml in @entity1 and from 0.65 to 1.75 ml in adults. In subjects with @entity102 media these values can be different, according to the disease status. AIM: To study the equivalent ear canal volume in 52 ears of @entity1 with @entity102 media with and without active @entity281 . STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective with transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The equivalent ear canal volume was obtained from 52 ears diagnosed with @entity102 media with and without active @entity281 and in age and gender matched control group. The study group with active @entity281 was evaluated before and after clinical treatment. RESULTS: Equivalent ear canal volume mean for the studied groups with and without @entity281 and for the control group was 2.86 ml; 1.42 ml and 0.80 ml, respectively. The equivalent ear canal volume mean for the study group with @entity281 prior and post clinical treatment was 1.42 ml and 1.82 ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent ear canal volume mean was higher in @entity1 with @entity102 media. We did not observe variation of equivalent ear canal volume before and after clinical treatment.

title: Equivalent volume: study in subjects with XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Statin therapy in ambulatory populations is associated with a significant reduction in adverse cardiovascular events, including death and @entity583 . Much less is known about the beneficial effects of statins on acute perioperative cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative statin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of early @entity204 or nonfatal, in-hospital postoperative @entity583 after primary, elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: The Multicenter Study of Perioperative @entity63 (McSPI) Epidemiology II Study was a prospective, longitudinal study of 5436 @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery between November 1996 and June 2000 at 70 centers in 17 countries. The present study consisted of a pre-specified subset of these subjects divided into @entity1 receiving (n = 1352) and not receiving (n = 1314) preoperative statin therapy. To control for potential bias related to use of statin therapy, the study estimated propensity scores by logistic regression to determine the predicted probability of inclusion in the "statin" group. Multivariate, stepwise logistic regression was then performed, controlling for @entity1 demographics, medical history, operative characteristics, and propensity score to determine whether preoperative statin therapy was independently associated with a reduction in the risk of early (DOS-POD3) @entity204 and/or nonfatal, in-hospital postoperative @entity583 . RESULTS: Preoperative statin therapy was independently associated with a significant reduction (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.25; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.07-0.87) in the risk of early @entity204 after primary, elective coronary bypass surgery (0.3% vs 1.4%; P < .03), but was not associated with a reduced risk of postoperative nonfatal, in-hospital @entity583 (7.9% vs 6.2%; P = not significant). Discontinuation of statin therapy after surgery was independently associated with a significant increase in late (POD4-discharge) all-cause mortality (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.32-5.26) compared with continuation of statin therapy (2.64% vs 0.60%; P < .01). This was true even when controlling for the postoperative discontinuation of @entity117 , beta-blocker, or @entity1289 inhibitor therapy. Discontinuation of statin therapy after surgery was also independently associated with a significant increase in late @entity299 (adjusted OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.31-6.66) compared with continuation of statin therapy (1.91% vs 0.45%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative statin use is associated with reduced @entity299 after primary, elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperative statin discontinuation is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Although further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings, these data suggest the importance of perioperative statin administration.

title: Preoperative statin therapy is associated with reduced XXXX after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac mortality']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac mortality']


abstract: @entity35 liver chromatin has been separated into nuclease-sensitive and -resistant fractions after mild digestion with DNAase II. The nuclease-sensitive material is further fractionated into @entity1025 -soluble and -insoluble chromatin fractions. The kinetics of production of these chromatin fractions have been investigated. After a brief enzyme treatment (5 min at 10 enzyme units/A260 unit of chromatin at pH 6.6), 11% of the input chromatin DNA is found in the @entity1025 -soluble fraction. This DNA has a weight-average single-strand length of about 400 nucleotides and, as determined by renaturation kinetics, comprises a subset of nonrepetitive DNA sequences and a subset of families of middle repetitive sequences. This demonstrates the nonrandom distribution of repetitive and single copy sequences in the @entity1025 -soluble fraction of chromatin. Previous studies have shown that the @entity1025 -soluble fraction is enriched in nonrepeated sequences which are transcribed in vivo (Gottesfeld, J.M., Garrard, W.T., Bagi, G., Wilson, R.F., and Bonner, J. (1974), @entity38012 . Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 2193-2197). We now report that the @entity1025 -soluble fraction of liver chromatin contains a low proportion of sequences in common with the @entity1025 -soluble fraction of brain chromatin. Thus, fractionation does not depend on some general property of chromatin but is specific with regard to the template activity of the tissue from which the chromatin was obtained.

title: Sequence composition of the template-active fraction of XXXX liver chromatin.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In order to study sensory nerve plasticity after @entity128 and repair, recordings were made from afferent axons innervating the tibialis anterior muscle in @entity35 under several different experimental conditions. In two groups of @entity35 , reinnervation of the denervated tibialis anterior was examined 2.5 months (group A) and 7 months (group B) after section, along with self- @entity254 of the common peroneal nerve. The other @entity35 (group C) were examined 2.5 months after the nerve was cut and ligatured to its stumps to avoid axonal regeneration. No evoked potentials and no activation in response to any test agent were found in group C @entity35 . We found a significant increase in the proportion of group I-II fibers and a significant decrease in group IV fibers in the group @entity35 when compared with group A (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and control animals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01). A higher conduction velocity was measured in group IV fibers in group @entity35 when compared with group A (P < 0.01) and the controls (P < 0.01). The proportion of afferent units showing an optimal discharge in response to tendon vibration at 70 Hz (range 0-100 Hz) was higher in groups A and B (72.2 and 80%, respectively) than in the controls (36.8%). The response of muscle afferents to @entity4338 (1-20 mM) and @entity880 (0.5-3 mM) concentrations was markedly depressed in group A @entity35 (P < 0.05), whereas it was restored and even accentuated in group B animals when compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Electrically induced @entity1295 (3 min, 10 Hz) significantly activated (P < 0.05) muscle afferents only in controls. The present study indicates that after self- @entity254 of a cut hindlimb @entity121 , sensory innervation was markedly modified in the direction of enhanced mechanosensitivity to high-frequency tendon vibration and depressed metabosensitivity.

title: Changes in afferent activities from tibialis anterior muscle after nerve repair by self- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle nerve']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: This study was performed to determine the impact of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation on urgent @entity1 care decisions by internal medicine (IM) and emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians. Six clinical scenarios and ECGs were given to 31 IM residents and 31 EM residents at a university medical center. Based on the ECG interpretation, the residents were asked to select the best @entity1 management from a list of choices. IM and EM residents were equally likely to choose the correct management for complete @entity616 (90% IM v 97% EM, P = NS), and pulseless @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) (94% IM v 97% EM, P = NS). IM residents were less likely to choose the correct management for acute posterior wall @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (26% IM v 74% EM, P <.0001) and unstable @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) (87% IM v 100% EM, P <.05). Residents in both programs were equally likely to misinterpret @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) (23% IM and 16% EM, P = NS) and benign early repolarization (BER) (48% IM and 52% EM, P = NS) as @entity741 when presented with a clinical history not suggestive of @entity299 . IM and EM residents were equally likely to choose the correct management for complete @entity616 and pulseless @entity1165 . Compared with EM residents, IM residents were less likely to choose the correct management of posterior wall @entity583 and unstable @entity4710 . Both IM and EM residents were prone to misinterpreting @entity4346 and BER as @entity741 . Resident education in both specialties should focus on ECG interpretation skills to improve @entity1 management decisions.

title: Variation in XXXX management based on ECG interpretation by emergency medicine and internal medicine residents.

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Symptomatic @entity3 to the pituitary ( @entity2468 ) from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are rare. In this largest case series reported, we describe the clinical features, treatment and outcome of 5 @entity1 . Over a 6-year period (2000-2006), we treated 5 @entity1 (3 males; mean age 61 years) with large sellar masses and @entity1358 . Four @entity1 had a history of @entity1358 , while in one, @entity1358 was diagnosed after surgery. @entity1358 was diagnosed a median of 11 years prior to diagnosis of @entity2468 (range 0-27 years). Four @entity1 had previously developed distant @entity3 . Clinical presentation included @entity1805 (3 @entity1 ), lethargy (3), @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ) (2). @entity7961 was present in 3 @entity1 and the other two had deficiency of at least ACTH and gonadotropin axes. Elevated prolactin was seen in 3 @entity1 . MRI showed an enhancing sellar mass with suprasellar extension and chiasmal compression in all; prominent vascular flow voids were seen in 2. Three @entity1 underwent transsphenoidal surgery and radiation, while 2 underwent radiotherapy alone. Four @entity1 are alive (follow up 6-46 months); 1 @entity1 died due to systemic @entity3 at 12 months. @entity3 to the pituitary from @entity1358 cause more severe @entity4614 and @entity227 compared to those from other primaries, whereas @entity2010 is less common. MRI shows contrast enhancement, @entity14361 , @entity1463 and/or erosion of sella and presence of vascular flow voids. Combined treatment using decompressive surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy may result in better outcomes.

title: Symptomatic pituitary XXXX from @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['Panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['stalk involvement']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'headaches (2) and diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the learning, retention and transfer of performance improvements after Nintendo Wii Fit    training in @entity1 with @entity191 and healthy elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: Longitudinal, controlled clinical study. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with early-stage @entity191 and 11 healthy elderly @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Warm-up exercises and Wii Fit training that involved training motor (shifts centre of gravity and step alternation) and @entity73 . A follow-up evaluative Wii Fit session was held 60 days after the end of training. @entity1 performed a functional reach test before and after training as a measure of learning transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Learning and retention were determined based on the scores of 10 Wii Fit games over eight sessions. Transfer of learning was assessed after training using the functional reach test. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity191 showed no deficit in learning or retention on seven of the 10 games, despite showing poorer performance on five games compared with the healthy elderly group. @entity1 with @entity191 showed marked @entity4207 on three other games, independent of poorer initial performance. This deficit appears to be associated with cognitive demands of the games which require decision-making, response inhibition, divided attention and working memory. Finally, @entity1 with @entity191 were able to transfer motor ability trained on the games to a similar untrained task. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of @entity1 with @entity191 to learn, retain and transfer performance improvements after training on the Nintendo Wii Fit depends largely on the demands, particularly cognitive demands, of the games involved, reiterating the importance of game selection for rehabilitation purposes.

title: Motor learning, retention and transfer after virtual-reality-based training in XXXX --effect of motor and cognitive demands of games: a longitudinal, controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined role of ultrasound (US) and frozen section (FS) in the surgical management of thyroid nodules that are suspicious for @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) on US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB). METHODS: Between 2006 and 2008, 217 @entity1 with thyroid nodules classified as suspicious for @entity3557 on US-FNAB underwent intraoperative FS and surgery. A thyroid nodule with any suspicious US findings of marked hypoechogenicity, microlobulated or irregular margins, microcalcifications, or taller than wider in shape was defined as positive and that without was defined as negative. FSs were classified as malignant, indeterminate, defer, and benign. We compared the results of US groupings, FS, and final histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-one (52.5%) of 40 @entity1 with a negative US revealed @entity5 . In contrast, 168 (94.9%) of 177 @entity1 with a positive US had @entity5 . Fourteen (50%) of 28 @entity1 with benign pathology on FS had @entity5 , and 166 (97.6%) of 170 @entity1 with @entity5 on FS proved @entity5 on histopathology. Of 40 @entity1 with negative US, 13 (92.9%) of 14 with @entity5 on FS proved @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 rate of thyroid nodules read as "suspicious for @entity3557 " on US-FNAB was 87.1%. When a thyroid nodule with "suspicious for @entity3557 " on US-FNAB has suspicious malignant US features, FS may be unnecessary due to a very high risk of @entity5 (94.9%). In contrast, when a thyroid nodule read as "suspicious for @entity3557 " on US-FNAB has no suspicious malignant US features, FS can help surgeons determine the extent of surgery.

title: The combined role of ultrasound and frozen section in surgical management of thyroid nodules read as suspicious for XXXX on fine needle aspiration biopsy: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Monocytes and macrophages play active roles in @entity731 , a @entity102 that is a leading cause of @entity204 in the developed world. The prevailing paradigm states that, during @entity1 atherogenesis, monocytes accumulate in the arterial intima and differentiate into macrophages, which then ingest oxidized lipoproteins, secrete a diverse array of proinflammatory mediators, and eventually become foam cells, the key constituents of a vulnerable plaque. Yet monocytes are heterogeneous. In the @entity19 , one subset ( @entity19347 (hi)) promotes @entity32 , expands in @entity558 , and selectively gives rise to macrophages in atheromata. A different subset ( @entity19347 (lo)) attenuates @entity32 and promotes angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in models of tissue injury, but its role in @entity731 is largely unknown. In the @entity1 , monocyte heterogeneity is preserved but it is still unresolved how subsets correspond functionally. The contradistinctive properties of these cells suggest commitment for specific function before infiltrating tissue. Such commitment argues for discriminate targeting of deleterious subsets while sparing host defense and repair mechanisms. In addition to advancing our understanding of @entity731 , the ability to target and image monocyte subsets would allow us to evaluate drugs designed to selectively inhibit monocyte subset recruitment or function, and to stratify @entity1 at risk for developing complications such as @entity583 or @entity64 . In this review we summarize recent advances of our understanding of the behavioral heterogeneity of monocytes during disease progression and outline emerging molecular imaging approaches to address key questions in the field.

title: Heterogeneous in vivo behavior of monocyte subsets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic conditions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity5042 is a poorly defined syndrome that is unique to @entity1 with an ileal reservoir. During a prospective follow-up review of 215 @entity1 who underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , @entity5042 was diagnosed in 30 @entity1 (14 percent). Based on the clinical course, two distinct patterns of @entity5042 were recognized: @entity1 who experienced two or fewer episodes (Group 1-18 @entity1 ) and @entity1 who experienced at least three episodes (Group 2-12 @entity1 ). Histopathologic review of resected colons revealed a preponderance of indeterminate @entity1960 in @entity1 in Group 2 (58.3 percent) compared with @entity1 in Group 1 (0 percent). In Group 1; 88.9 percent of @entity1 responded to therapy with @entity868 . Only 25 percent of @entity1 in Group 2 responded to @entity868 alone. Most @entity1 in Group 2 required @entity3378 , topical @entity230 , or both. Of the 30 @entity1 with @entity5042 , four (13.3 percent) had a distinct endoscopic pattern of distal inflammation. This subset of @entity1 with short strip @entity5042 was successfully treated with topical steroid preparations. The clinical differences suggest different causes of @entity5042 in these two groups.

title: XXXX --is it a wastebasket diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['Pouchitis']


abstract: Checkpoint mechanism plays a crucial role in ensuring genomic integrity during cell cycle. Loss of checkpoint function is known to induce genomic instability and to alter ploidy of dividing cells. In this study, we examined mechanisms of hyperploid formation in @entity11 cells by treatment with @entity10612 , which activates spindle assembly checkpoint by inhibiting microtubule polymerization. By prolonged nocodazole treatment, @entity1 @entity1 @entity11 cell, which has a @entity876 mutation, underwent transient arrest at mitosis, and subsequently exited from mitotic arrest (termed ' @entity6578 ') followed by DNA replication without cytokinesis, resulting in hyperploid formation. Additionally, the heterogeneity in the number of centrosomes per cell increased during the hyperploid formation, suggesting that these hyperploid cells have genomic instability. By employing LN382 @entity11 cell that has a temperature-sensitive @entity876 mutation, we found that the activation of @entity876 prevents hyperploid formation after the prolonged nocodazole treatment. Furthermore, @entity866 , an inhibitor for a broad range of @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases including @entity10610 , was found to enhance hyperploid formation in @entity1 cells by accelerating the induction of @entity6578 . Interestingly, inhibitors specific for @entity10610 kinase prevented the G2 to M transition but did not accelerate @entity6578 , suggesting that @entity866 -sensitive kinases other than @entity10610 are required for maintenance of spindle assembly checkpoint. Moreover, the enhancement of hyperploid formation by @entity866 was also blocked by @entity876 -dependent G1 checkpoint. These results suggest that abrogation of G1 checkpoint is a critical factor for formation of hyperploid cells after the @entity6578 .

title: Mechanism of hyperploid cell formation induced by microtubule inhibiting drug in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic slippage']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: A new specific ageusia was found in @entity1 subjects for @entity5542 ( @entity5542 ). Four tests were successively applied to discriminate non-tasters and hypotasters from tasters. (i) @entity1219 and @entity5542 thresholds, and (ii) suprathreshold sensitivity were evaluated using the up-and-down procedure. Only 73% of 109 subjects common to both tests demonstrated a sensitivity for @entity5542 significantly higher than their sensitivity to @entity1219 , and hence a specific sensitivity to @entity8854 . The remaining 27% who showed no significant difference in sensitivity to @entity5542 and @entity1219 solutions were considered as putative hypotasters. (iii) Perception profiles (time-intensity) for @entity5542 and @entity1219 were tested in 58 subjects and appeared significantly different in 47 tasters (81%). This technique helped in identifying among putative hypotasters of tests 1 and 2 a few tasters who perceived equal intensity for isoconcentration of @entity1219 and @entity5542 but who could discriminate isomolar solutions on other cues. Thus, 19% of subjects, for whom no significant differences were found between @entity5542 and @entity1219 time-intensity profiles, remained in the hypotaster group. (iv) A discrimination task including 24 triangular presentations per subject of @entity1219 and @entity5542 29 mM applied to the eight most severe hypotasters showed that two subjects at least (two of 58; 3.5%) could not discriminate between both stimuli. Moreover, these subjects probably perceived identical sensations for @entity5542 and @entity1219 solutions. The six other hypotasters (10.3%) could discriminate both stimuli at the limit of significance. None of these eight subjects were able to identify the typical umami taste in 29 mM @entity5542 .

title: A new specific ageusia: some @entity1 cannot taste XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5542 :: ('CHEBI:64243', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium L-glutamate', 'MSG']

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

answer: @entity8854 :: (CHEBI:29985,Chemical) :: ['L-glutamate']


abstract: Oxidant stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity191 . To test the oxidant stress hypothesis of @entity528 , age-related changes in the mesostriatal @entity935 neuron system were compared between zitter mutant @entity35 which have abnormal metabolism of @entity26 species in the brain and @entity35 as a control using the neurochemistry and immunohistochemistry. @entity935 content in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle of @entity35 decreased significantly with age, and was lower than that found in corresponding age-matched controls. In the @entity35 , the reduction of @entity935 was more prominent in the caudate-putamen than in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. A characteristic decline of @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in the caudate-putamen of the zitter @entity35 was also observed. In the dorsolateral caudate-putamen, reduction of @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers was observed in the matrix-like area, whereas in the ventromedial caudate-putamen the reduction occurred in the patch-like areas. Degeneration of @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers which was characterized by swollen varicosities and clustered fibers was observed in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens and preceded loss of normal @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in the caudate-putamen. Thus, the depletion of @entity935 in the terminal areas is related to @entity528 . However, there was no degenerative @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in the olfactory tubercle at any examined age, but reductions of @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and @entity935 contents were noted in the olfactory tubercle after four months-of-age. Since the @entity35 have an abnormal @entity26 metabolism, the degeneration of @entity669 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers could result from an accumulation of @entity224 species. The present results provide support for the oxidant stress hypothesis of dopaminergic @entity528 and further indicate the region-specific vulnerability of the nigrostriatal @entity935 system.

title: Age-related XXXX deficiency in the mesostriatal @entity935 system of zitter mutant @entity35 : regional fiber vulnerability in the striatum and the olfactory tubercle.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat', 'zitter rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration', 'axonal degeneration', 'dopaminergic degeneration']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12692 , an unusual condition of unknown cause consisting of a massive proliferation of lymphoid tissue, remains a clinicopathologic diagnosis. Three histologic variants (hyaline vascular, plasma-cell, and mixed) and two clinical types (localized and multicentric) of @entity12692 have been described. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features, management, and outcome of @entity1 with @entity12692 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: University referral hospitals. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity12692 who were seen at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, between 1977 and 1995. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical excision for localized disease; surgery, combination chemotherapy, or @entity229 for @entity66 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were identified according to initial presentation as having localized or multicentric @entity12692 . @entity1 within each group were further subdivided according to whether they had hyaline vascular, plasma-cell, or mixed disease. RESULTS: Data from 15 @entity1 were analyzed. All 7 @entity1 with localized disease underwent surgical excision and remain free of disease. The 8 @entity1 with @entity66 were further subdivided according to initial treatment: Three @entity1 who received combination chemotherapy are currently alive and free of disease; 2 @entity1 treated with @entity229 are alive but have needed intermittent maintenance therapy for disease reactivations; and 2 @entity1 treated with surgery only have died, 1 of infectious complications and 1 of @entity1893 . CONCLUSIONS: Localized and multicentric @entity12692 are different clinical disorders with overlapping histologic features. @entity66 can be cured with surgery, but complete remissions in @entity1 with @entity66 have been achieved only with chemotherapy or @entity229 given at the time of diagnosis.

title: The clinical behavior of localized and multicentric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Localized disease', 'multicentric disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: AIMS: The Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study evaluated the oral health status of generally healthy, community-dwelling @entity1 aged 80 years and over living in Stockholm, Sweden. This paper reports periodontal disease findings and evaluates the distribution by sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were identified through the Kungsholmen Project, an ongoing, longitudinal, population-based study of older adults. A total of 121 study subjects received a periodontal examination. RESULTS: The mean pocket probing depth was 2.6 mm and the mean clinical attachment loss was 3.7 mm. @entity548 was common. Over half of all study @entity1 met the criteria used for "serious @entity2521 " (SP). In the best fit adjusted odds ratio (OR) model, males were 3.1 times more likely than females to have "SP" (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.2, 8.0), a statistically significant observation. A sub-analysis of the differences in proportion of @entity1 with SP revealed that the difference by sex also increased by age. CONCLUSIONS: These findings document the substantial and ongoing @entity2520 in a sample of generally healthy, community dwelling older adults and underscore the importance of continued periodontal disease prevention and treatment in the oldest-old.

title: XXXX in the oldest-old living in Kungsholmen, Sweden: findings from the KEOHS project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['impact of periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival bleeding']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical @entity3 has a tremendous impact on the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity189 of the head and neck and the frequency of such spread is greater than 20% for most @entity957 . With emerging evidence, focus is shifting to conservative neck procedures aimed at achieving good shoulder function without compromising oncologic safety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of nodal @entity3 in @entity1 presenting with @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective clinical analysis of @entity1 who were histologically diagnosed with @entity1544 and clinically N1 and had not received treatment anywhere else. @entity1 were analyzed for age and sex distribution, @entity5 staging, location, and @entity3 . RESULTS: The incidence of metastatic lymph node in T4 (n=44) was the highest, that is, level I was 100% (44/44), level II was 43.18% (19/44), level III was 15.90% (7/44), and level IV was 4.5% (2/44). Level V was free of @entity3 . Among T3 (n=10) lesions, incidence of @entity3 in level I was 100% (10/10), level II was 20% (2/10), and level III, IV, and V were free of @entity3 . Among T2 (n=6) lesions, incidence of @entity1600 in level I was 100% (6/6) and all other levels of lymph nodes were found free of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Lymphatic spread from @entity189 is low. Involvement of level IV is seen in only 3% of @entity1 . A more conservative approach to the neck in @entity1 with @entity189 is recommended.

title: Assessment of cervical @entity1600 for therapeutic decision-making in XXXX : a prospective clinical analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the buccal mucosa', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal cavity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa']


abstract: Three adolescents with @entity14573 were treated for 7 months with daily oral doses of @entity15199 (0.25-10.0 mug). All the @entity1 were hypocalcaemic and had high serum levels of alkaline phosphatase before the treatment. A rapid rise in serum @entity460 and a slow, but pronounced decline in serum alkaline phosphatase concentration were observed during the period of treatment. @entity15199 induced hypercalcaemia in two situations. In both cases the hypercalcaemia was transient, serum @entity460 being normalized in a few days by withdrawal of the drug. Withdrawal of the drug also in other situations resulted in a fall in serum @entity460 concentration in a couple of days. This suggests that @entity15199 should be given daily or every other day. The response did not subside during 7 months of treatment. On the contrary, the maintenance dose necessary to keep serum @entity460 constant was smaller than the initial dose necessary to normalize serum @entity460 . Bone mineral content, estimated by photon absorptiometry, rose. The @entity79 seen radiologically were significantly ameliorated during the treatment.

title: XXXX . Long-term treatment of @entity1 with @entity14573 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14573 :: ('MESH:D012080', 'Disease') :: ['uraemic osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['rachitic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol', '1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol']

answer: @entity15199 :: (MESH:C008088,Chemical) :: ['1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol']


abstract: Progressive disease is the major cause of treatment failure after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or @entity1893 . An augmented high-dose regimen of @entity786 7,200 mg/m2, @entity3600 300 - 400 mg/m2, and @entity2879 2,400 mg/m2 (CBV) was developed in an attempt to improve disease control post-transplant. Sixty-seven adult @entity1 received augmented CBV followed by infusion of unpurged autologous peripheral blood stem cells. Thirty seven @entity1 had relapsed after standard chemotherapy, 28 @entity1 had primary refractory disease, and 2 @entity1 had @entity706 in first partial response. Treatment-related mortality was 4%. Actuarial four year overall survival and progression-free survival were 46+/-8% and 36+/-6%, respectively. Risk factors for disease progression were histologic involvement of marrow by @entity706 and infusion of increased numbers of @entity2280 + cells per kg in the stem cell autograft. The outcome for @entity1 with relatively @entity66 (defined as 25 - 49% reduction in @entity5 volume after salvage chemotherapy) was no different than that for @entity1 with chemosensitive disease. Compared to standard high-dose CBV regimens, augmented CBV does not appear to have substantially improved disease control. Prospective study of the association between inferior progression-free survival and infusion of higher @entity2280 + cell doses in stem cell autografts is warranted.

title: Augmented high-dose regimen of @entity786 , @entity3600 , and XXXX with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chemorefractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'transformed lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: The risk of @entity1416 , specially cerebral, in @entity1 with @entity4794 associated @entity955 is seventeen fold greater than that of the general population and five fold greater than that of non rheumatic @entity955 . The usefulness of oral anticoagulant therapy in @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity4794 is clear. In @entity1 with non rheumatic @entity955 , the controversy about its usefulness has been cleared with five recent reports showing a significant benefit or oral anticoagulation. We believe that these results may be applied to the routine management of these @entity1 provided an adequate @entity1 selection, consideration of contraindications and the use of a low anticoagulation range. Aspirin effectiveness in these @entity1 is unsettled. One study showed benefits of 375 mg/day in @entity1 younger than 75 years. The @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 must be stratified. High risk @entity1 require the use of oral anticoagulation with an INR range between 3 and 4.5; those with medium risk require an INR between 2 and 3 and in some, @entity117 use may be an alternative. When electrical cardioversion is indicated, oral anticoagulation must be used when @entity955 has lasted for more than two days. In these cases, it is advisable to postpone cardioversion for three weeks after @entity1697 has started and to maintain this treatment for 3 or 4 additional weeks after cardioversion.

title: [ XXXX , systemic @entity887 and anticoagulant treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral coagulation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic risk']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Auricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic regimens and symptomatic response rates in @entity1 with @entity15732 associated with variable degrees of @entity957 ( @entity66 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 with biopsy-proven vulvar @entity66 were evaluated for this retrospective study. All @entity1 were initially treated with topical fluorinated @entity288 , and then 2% @entity3033 in petrolatum or 0.05% @entity6914 (44 (53%) versus 39 (47%)). RESULTS: The remission rates were 82 and 93% in the @entity251 and @entity6914 subgroups at the end of 6 months (p=0.112), respectively. The disease recurred in 8% of the @entity1 . The recurrence rates in the @entity251 and @entity6914 arms were 13 and 5%, respectively (p=0.163). The histopathological review of the repeat vulvar biopsies of the @entity1 without symptomatic relief revealed 6 (60%) @entity1 with persistent disease, 2 (20%) with @entity3854 , 1 (10%) with @entity10479 , and 1 (10%) with VIN1. Two @entity1 with recurrent disease and 2 @entity1 with @entity5436 I-II or @entity10479 were treated with skinning vulvectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6914 resulted in higher remission and lower recurrence rates than those in @entity251 therapy, although statistically significant differences were not obtained. In the evaluation of @entity1 without symptomatic relief, the first step should be a vulvar biopsy to exclude the presence of atypical components.

title: @entity251 versus @entity6914 for maintenance of XXXX associated with variable degrees of @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity15732 :: ('MESH:D007724', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mixed disease']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['atypical squamous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['Clobetasol', 'clobetasol 17-propionate', 'clobetasol']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity15732 :: (MESH:D007724,Disease) :: ['vulvar lichen sclerosus']


abstract: We report the results of treatment of 9 @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) using half-body irradiation. Six nonresponders to chemotherapy received it as consolidation therapy after the plateau phase of @entity1582 had been observed, and 4 @entity1 received it as salvage therapy of refractory or relapsing @entity1582 . One of the @entity1 received it twice, first as consolidation and later during the course of her disease also as salvage therapy. Objective response was obtained in 1 of 6 @entity1 who received half-body irradiation as consolidation therapy and in 3 of 4 @entity1 who received it as salvage therapy. Responders to half-body irradiation generally achieved a longer relapse-free interval. Treatment with half-body irradiation was especially effective in combination with @entity1 leukocyte interferon as salvage therapy in 2 of the @entity1 with refractory @entity1582 , leading to a relapse-free interval of more than 27 months in one of them. Symptomatic relief was observed in 5 of 6 @entity1 . All had transient post-irradiation @entity3043 , with @entity55 , @entity390 and @entity391 observed in those who had the upper half of the body irradiated first. It is thus our opinion that halfbody irradiation should not be used as consolidation therapy in nonresponders to chemotherapy, because it causes undue @entity137 to heavily pretreated @entity1 . Its role in the treatment of refractory or relapsing @entity1582 in combination with @entity1 leukocyte interferon should be fully evaluated.

title: Half-body irradiation in the treatment of XXXX : a report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: We reported a 59-year-old @entity1 who had complained of right temporalgia for 5 years. She was first diagnosed with a carious tooth, but treatment did not alleviate the @entity158 . She then developed right @entity158 and @entity1183 at the right side of the tongue tip. In spite of repetitive examinations and medications, temporalgia worsened in August, 2007. Neurological examination on admission revealed a palpable soft-to-firm @entity5 with @entity925 at the right temporal head region, right @entity158 radiating to the right forehead induced by tapping on the middle of the forehead, and @entity809 at the right tip of the tongue, @entity1851 was negative and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal. Ultrasonographic examination showed beads-like @entity5 with @entity258 without blood flow. MRI demonstrated multiple small ovoid lesions in the right subcutaneous tissue of the right temporal head. Although we initially suspected @entity226 , these findings were contrary. Tumor biopsy finally revealed @entity3292 of the right auriculotemporal nerve. A sporadic localized intraneural @entity3292 at the extracranial region is an uncommon entity. Furthermore, nerve @entity5 of the trigeminal nerve rarely manifest with intermittent @entity158 burning or crawling sensations simulating trigeminal @entity9 . The present case manifested as a @entity5 with @entity925 at the right auriculotemporal nerve and mimicked @entity226 . Therefore, it is important to understand that @entity8810 can mimic @entity226 and manifest with @entity158 .

title: [ @entity3292 presenting as a tender soft-to-firm XXXX at the temporal head region masquerading as @entity226 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sheath tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma of the auriculotemporal nerve']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-echoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['solitary neurofibroma', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain', 'trigeminal neuralgia-like pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity7135 on levels of platelet derived @entity11603 and on endothelial @entity2936 expression. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study in two tertiary paediatric intensive care units. @entity1 AND @entity1 : 63 @entity1 with @entity7135 and 10 age-matched controls. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: (a) sCD40L ELISA of plasma from @entity1 with @entity7135 (n = 49) and age matched controls (n = 10). This demonstrated higher sCD40L levels in @entity1 (median 0.29 ng/ml, IQR 0.2-0.41) than controls (0.09 ng/ml, 0.08-0.12). However, there was no relationship between plasma sCD40L level and platelet count or disease severity. (b) Flow cytometry of fresh blood from @entity1 with @entity7135 (n = 11) and age-matched controls (n = 10) for membrane bound @entity11603 and @entity8729 on circulating platelets. This demonstrated low levels of @entity11603 and @entity8729 in @entity1 and controls. @entity11603 + platelets were 3.5% (3.0-4.8) in @entity1 and 4.9% (3.5-4.3) in controls. @entity8729 + platelets were 10.7% (6.4-12.8) in @entity1 and 7.9% (5.9-13.0) in controls. (c) Immunohistochemistry of skin biopsy specimens from six @entity1 , staining for endothelial @entity2936 expression at sites of microthrombus formation, which demonstrated preserved @entity2936 expression in vascular endothelium at sites of microthrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated sCD40L level in @entity7135 implies release of sCD40L from platelets. However, there was no relationship between plasma sCD40L level and the degree of @entity882 or disease severity. Furthermore, platelet surface bound @entity11603 was similar in controls and @entity1 . Thus, further investigation is needed to determine whether platelet @entity11603 contributes to @entity32 and @entity715 in @entity8848 .

title: Platelet and soluble XXXX in @entity7135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Smart Bag MO(R) is an adult flow-limited bag-valve device designed to reduce the risk of @entity1819 in an unprotected airway. Its properties in severe @entity1224 are as yet unknown. METHODS: In a bench model, we evaluated respiratory mechanics and delivered tidal volumes although ventilating at airway resistances of 4, 10, and 20 cm @entity2507 . L(-1) . s(-1) once with a flow-limited bag-valve device and once with a standard bag-valve device to simulate a @entity1576 @entity1 with an unprotected airway. RESULTS: Inspiratory times were always longer with the flow-limited bag-valve device than with the standard bag-valve device. Lung tidal volume in the simulated unobstructed airway was 750 +/- 70 mL using the flow-limited bag-valve device versus 780 +/- 30 mL using the standard bag-valve device (n.s.); in the simulated medium obstructed airway it was 800 +/- 70 versus 850 +/- 20 mL (n.s.), and in the simulated severely obstructed airway it was 210 +/- 20 versus 170 +/- 10 mL (P < 0.01). Peak airway pressure in the simulated unobstructed airway was 15 +/- 2 cm @entity2507 using the flow-limited bag-valve device versus 22 +/- 4 cm @entity2507 using the standard bag-valve device (P < 0.01); in the simulated medium obstructed airway it was 22 +/- 1 versus 39 +/- 7 cm @entity2507 (P < 0.01), and in the simulated severely obstructed airway it was 26 +/- 1 versus 61 +/- 3 cm @entity2507 (P < 0.01). Stomach inflation in the simulated unobstructed airway was 0 mL/min using both bag-valve devices; in the simulated medium obstructed airway it was 0 mL/min for the flow-limited bag-valve device versus 200 +/- 20 mL/min for the standard bag-valve device (P < 0.01), and in the simulated severely obstructed airway it was 0 versus 1240 +/- 50 mL/min (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In a simulated severely obstructed unprotected airway, the use of a flow-limited bag-valve device resulted in longer inspiratory times, higher tidal volumes, lower inspiratory pressures, and no @entity1819 compared with a standard bag-valve device.

title: Ventilation strategies in the obstructed airway in a bench model simulating a nonintubated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['stomach inflation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory arrest']


abstract: We report the case of a 42-year-old @entity1 who was admitted in 2002 for exploration of diffuse @entity158 . She had medical history of @entity1907 . Her current symptoms had started 9 months earlier and consisted of @entity158 , affecting the legs. She had @entity1395 and @entity353 . At admission, physical examination showed bilateral and symmetrical long @entity158 , especially the knees and the ankles. Physical exam was normal elsewhere. Laboratory tests showed @entity32 , with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 90 mm/h and C-reactive protein 8 mg/l. Protein electrophoresis, red and white blood cell count, renal, and liver function tests were normal. Serum @entity460 , @entity3151 , and urinary @entity460 were normal. Radiographs showed multiple mixed @entity79 with @entity3808 and lytic areas of the femora, tibiae, humerus. Chest radiographs and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed @entity3794 . Biopsy of the tibial area displayed foamy lipid-laden histiocytes, confirming the diagnosis of @entity10630 . @entity1 was treated with @entity617 plus @entity786 . Her clinical condition improved remarkably during 4 years, but she developed @entity810 leading to @entity204 .

title: XXXX : a case report with pulmonary, kidney involvement and @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity10630 :: ('MESH:D031249', 'Disease') :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity10630 :: (MESH:D031249,Disease) :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical anti- @entity716 drugs, @entity1037 and @entity1090 , in the treatment of @entity22 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study over a 2-year period (September 2008 to September 2010), 29 @entity1 with @entity22 , diagnosed in Kermanshah, Iran by both @entity146 interview and actigraphy, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. For 8 weeks, the first group (n=14) was treated with 10 mg @entity1037 daily, and the second group (n=15) was treated with 4 mg @entity1090 daily. All @entity1 completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: As expected, a baseline actigraphy analysis showed that total sleep time was not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups (p<0.3). In both groups, sleep quality was improved (p<0.001) with treatment. When comparing the 2 treatments directions, a significant difference emerged (9.21+/-2.35, 6.07+/-4.46) among the 2 treatment groups based on data from the PSQI. @entity1 who were treated with @entity1037 showed greater improvement than @entity1 who were treated by @entity1090 (p<0.04). CONCLUSION: Atypical anti- @entity716 drugs such as @entity1037 and @entity1090 may be beneficial options for treatment of @entity22 . Larger clinical trials with longer periods of follow-up are needed for further investigation.

title: Treatment of @entity22 with atypical antipsychotic drugs. A comparison of XXXX and @entity1090 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical insomnia']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the ability of @entity1 mononuclear cells to produce factors that cause @entity2922 secretion from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells; to determine conditions that stimulate mononuclear cells to produce such factors; and to compare these results with @entity2922 secretion in response to the cytokines @entity1192 and @entity1199 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective study using in vitro conditions. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity1 mononuclear cells and porcine chromaffin cells. INTERVENTIONS: Circulating @entity1 mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured overnight in RPMI media. Cell-free media from these cultures (conditioned media) were then tested for the ability to cause @entity1425 secretion from porcine chromaffin cells. Mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or by mixing cells from two different individuals while suppression was tested with @entity619 . @entity2922 secretion in response to @entity1192 and @entity1199 (50 and 500 units/well, respectively), or nicotinic agonist @entity6958 (10 microM, which mimics the action of @entity934 ), was tested for comparison. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Isolated porcine chromaffin cells had stable @entity2922 content at the time of secretion measurements, and @entity2922 release from cells into the media was measured using electrochemical detection after high-performance liquid chromatography separation. @entity2922 secretion was expressed as a percentage of the total cellular content. @entity1425 secretion due to @entity1 conditioned media was 6.9 +/- 1.0% compared with 1.4 +/- 0.6% for control media (p < .05) and 14.6 +/- 3.3% for @entity6958 (p < .05). @entity1425 secretion with conditioned media from mixed cells (mixed leukocyte reaction) was 16.6 +/- 1.2%, which was higher than the @entity1425 secretion caused by media from a single donor (6.9% +/- 1.0, p < .001). Pretreatment with @entity619 inhibited the formation of bioactive products from mixed mononuclear cell preparations. Cytokines @entity1192 and @entity1199 did not stimulate chromaffin cell @entity1425 secretion above background release with control media incubation. In all cases, @entity1063 secretion was similar to that of @entity1425 , and results are included in all figures. CONCLUSIONS: Factors released from @entity1 immune cells can mediate @entity1425 and @entity1063 release from adrenomedullary cells through a nonneural mechanism. Such immune cell factor release can be modulated by immunostimulation and steroid suppression. Release of such factors in vivo may contribute to increased circulating @entity1425 in response to infectious challenge and may be an important factor in the critically ill @entity1 .

title: XXXX immune cells mediate @entity2922 secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6958 :: ('MESH:D004246', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylphenylpiperazinium']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We examined the possible involvement of endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) in @entity1063 (NE) overflow and antidiuresis induced by @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity8 at a frequency of 0.5-2.0 Hz, which did not influence renal hemodynamics, produced significant reductions in urine flow and urinary excretion of @entity1372 , and elevations in NE secretion rate (NESR) and @entity1122 secretion rate (RSR). Intrarenal arterial (i.r.a.) infusion of @entity5521 (10 micrograms/kg/min) abolished the @entity8 -induced antidiuresis. In @entity235 receiving @entity3371 (15 micrograms/kg/min i.v.), @entity8 -induced antidiuresis and increase in NESR were significantly attenuated. The i.r.a. administration of @entity1169 at 5 micrograms/kg/min, a dose that inhibited completely the @entity8 -induced increase in RSR, did not influence the alterations in NESR and urine formation in response to @entity8 . During ANG II infusion (1 ng/kg/min i.r.a.), @entity8 produced a reduction in urine formation and an increase in NESR, at a magnitude similar to that seen without ANG II infusion. These results suggest that @entity8 at a low frequency increased the NESR and RSR without affecting renal hemodynamics and that the antidiuretic effect was probably produced via the activation of postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, but not via the ANG II receptor, located on the renal tubules. The release of NE appears to be modulated by ANG II through the activation of a facilitatory prejunctional mechanism, which is maximally stimulated by endogenously and locally generated basal levels of ANG II.

title: The role of endogenous angiotensin II in antidiuresis and @entity1063 overflow induced by stimulation of renal nerves in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RNS', 'renal nerve stimulation']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repetitive periods of @entity2806 result in more severe injury than a single period of @entity63 of similar total duration. We investigated the possibility of prostaglandin mediation of this increased injury by attempting to modify @entity2657 formation with @entity3352 pretreatment. METHODS: Under @entity1508 / @entity3727 anesthesia, groups of gerbils underwent bilateral @entity432 to induce @entity63 . Group I underwent a single 15-minute period of @entity432 . Group II underwent three 5-minute periods of occlusion at hourly intervals. Groups III and IV were similar to groups I and II, respectively, but received 0.2 mg/kg @entity3352 before @entity432 . Cortical and cerebellar water and @entity1372 contents were determined in control animals (n = 6) at time zero and in experimental animals 24, 48, and 72 hours after @entity63 (n = 6-10 gerbils/group at each time point). RESULTS: Cortical water and @entity1372 contents in group II peaked 48 hours after insult (82.15 +/- 0.31% and 420 +/- 14 meq/kg dry wt, respectively) and were significantly higher than control and group I values at both 24 and 48 hours. Cortical water did not change from control in group I animals. @entity3352 pretreatment significantly attenuated increases in water and @entity1372 content seen at 48 hours in gerbils undergoing repetitive @entity63 (peak 80.02 +/- 0.45% and 300 +/- 39 meq/kg dry wt), but did not affect mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3352 @entity4 after repetitive @entity2806 , suggesting that elevations of cyclooxygenase products are responsible, at least in part, for severe @entity2657 following repetitive @entity63 .

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity4 following single and repetitive @entity2806 in the gerbil.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lessens edema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: Accumulation of amyloid b (Ab) in brain is a pathological hallmark of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Ab is generated after sequential cleavage of its parental molecule, @entity5543 ( @entity5543 ), by b- and y-secretases. Inhibition of y-secretase activity is an effective approach for the reduction of Ab levels. Since y-secretase targets many different substrates, selective inhibition of its cleavage of @entity5543 is believed to be critical in order to avoid undesirable side effects. y-Secretase modulator (GSM) shifts the cleavage site on @entity5543 and production of amyloidogenic to non-amyloidogenic Ab fragments. Since GSMs only modulate and do not block cleavage of y-secretase substrates, they are believed less likely to produce untoward adverse reactions. Here, we report in vivo Ab-lowering profiles of a @entity38528 and a @entity4605 -derived GSM: GSM-C (Wan et al., 2011a) and GSM-D (Wan et al., 2011b). Both compounds reduced Ab40 and Ab42 productions, increased shorter Ab fragments, and had little effect on Notch signaling (   100-fold selective). They had excellent oral bioavailability (97.8% for GSM-C,    100% for GSM-D) and good brain permeability (free brain to free blood AUC ratio of 0.41 and 1.10 for GSM-C and GSM-D, respectively). Oral administration of these compounds in both acute and sub-chronic conditions reduced Ab levels in plasma and brain in @entity35 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, GSM-C and GSM-D represent two GSMs that are orally bioavailable and brain-permeable. They could serve as excellent tools in the investigation of the role of Ab peptides in @entity195 pathogenesis.

title: Orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant XXXX and @entity4605 -derived y-secretase modulators reduced amyloidogenic Ab peptides in vivo.

entities_list: @entity4605 :: ('MESH:C023666', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine']

entities_list: @entity38528 :: ('MESH:C062482', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridazine']

entities_list: @entity5543 :: ('54226(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity38528 :: (MESH:C062482,Chemical) :: ['pyridazine']