abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the side effects of and response to @entity9392 in @entity1 with @entity784 with cutaneous manifestations. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity9392 was administered to 28 @entity1 who had relapsed cutaneous @entity784 or @entity3191 with prominent cutaneous disease. The starting dose was between 3.75 to 5.0 mg/m(2)/d intravenous for 3 days every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 assessable for response, 17 (71%) achieved a partial remission (46%) or complete remission (25%). The @entity1 had a median number of three (range, one to 12) prior therapies. Of the 86 courses of @entity9392 given, 39 were administered at doses of 5.0 mg/m(2)/d and 30 at doses of 3. 75 mg/m(2)/d. Dose escalation to 6.25 mg/m(2)/d was possible in only five courses, and @entity137 necessitated dose reduction to 2.8 mg/m(2)/d in 12 courses. The most common side effects were @entity3028 , @entity390 , and nonneutropenic fever. Most @entity1 developed significant lowering of @entity404 counts. @entity4091 was seen within 1 year after @entity9392 in five @entity1 (19%). CONCLUSION: @entity9392 is an active agent in heavily pretreated @entity784 with cutaneous manifestations.

title: XXXX therapy of @entity784 with cutaneous manifestations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentostatin', 'pentostatin']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity9392 :: (MESH:D015649,Chemical) :: ['Pentostatin']


abstract: The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle fibres from albino @entity35 submitted to experimental chronic @entity988 were evaluated in accordance with their metabolic and morphometric profiles. Twenty-seven male animals aged 4 months and weighing approximately 400 g were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control, isocaloric and alcoholic and sacrifices were carried out after 5, 10 and 15 months. The muscles were dissected, removed, cross-sectioned in a cryostat and submitted to the @entity2125 ( @entity2125 ) reaction. The SO (slow-twitch-oxidative), FG (fast-twitch-glycolytic) and FOG (fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic) muscle fibre types exhibited a polygonal, triangular or rounded shape and did not present noteworthy modifications in either muscles during the study. The cross-sectional areas of the fibres from the studied muscles did not present significant differences during the observations. Fibre area behaved similarly in the alcoholic animals up to the 10th month, i.e. it was decreased, as also observed in the other groups. At 15 months, however, all fibres were increased, with a predominance of FG fibres in the SOL muscle. Changes in fibre population were observed mainly in the SOL muscle of alcoholic animals: SO fibres were initially increased in number but decreased after the 10th month, and the opposite was observed for the population of FG fibres. FOG fibres increased linearly in number throughout the experiment. The statistical analysis showed nevertheless that the fibre population and cross-sectional area changes were not significant. In the alcoholic animals quantitative variations of muscle fibres were more evident in the SOL muscle, suggesting that the SOL muscle is more sensitive to the toxic action of @entity1068 . The results concerning the increased fibre diameter in alcoholic animals would be associated with @entity121 induced directly or indirectly by the @entity1068 .

title: Histochemical study of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in alcoholic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide', 'NADH']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle oedema']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 are still alive 5 years after diagnosis. The aim of the current study was to conduct a 10-year review of a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing curative-intent surgical resection at the largest tertiary referral centre to identify prognostic factors. METHODS: Case records of all @entity1 operated on for @entity2 between 1998 and 2008 were reviewed. The clinical features and outcomes of all @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) stage I-IV were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 654 @entity1 underwent surgical resection with curative intent during the study period. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 37 months. The median age at operation was 66 years, with males accounting for 62.7 %. Squamous cell type was the most common histological subtype, and lobectomies were performed in 76.5 % of surgical resections. Pneumonectomy rates decreased significantly in the latter half of the study (25 vs. 16.3 %), while sub-anatomical resection more than doubled (2 vs. 5 %) (p < 0.005). Clinico-pathological characteristics associated with improved survival by univariate analysis include younger age, female sex, smaller @entity5 size, smoking status, lobectomy, lower T and N status and less advanced pathological stage. Age, gender, smoking status and @entity5 size, as well as T and N descriptors have emerged as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We identified several factors that predicted outcome for @entity1149 @entity1 undergoing curative-intent surgical resection. Survival rates in our series are comparable to those reported from other thoracic surgery centres.

title: Surgical resection for XXXX : clinical features and outcomes for a consecutive series at an Irish tertiary referral centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Comparison of day hospital attendance and home physiotherapy for @entity64 @entity1 leaving hospital to determine which service produces greater functional and social improvement for the @entity1 , reduces emotional stress for the care giver, and lessens the need for community support. DESIGN: Stratified, randomised trial of @entity64 @entity1 attending day hospital two days a week or receiving home treatment from a community physiotherapist. The six month assessment results are reported in this paper. SUBJECTS: @entity1 over 60 years old resident within the Bradford metropolitan district discharged home after a new @entity64 with residual disability. SETTING: Four day hospitals in two health authorities and domiciliary work undertaken by experienced community physiotherapists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Barthel index, functional ambulatory categories, Motor Club assessment, Frenchay activities index, and Nottingham health profile were used. Carers' stress was indicated by the general health questionnaire. Treatment given and community care provided were recorded. RESULTS: Of 124 @entity1 recruited, 108 were available for reassessment at six months. Both treatment groups had significantly improved in functional abilities between discharge and six months. The improvements were significantly greater for @entity1 treated at home (Mann-Whitney test; Barthel index, median difference 2 (95% confidence interval 0 to 3) p = 0.01; Motor Club assessment, median difference 2 (1 to 5), p = 0.01). The home treated @entity1 received less treatment (median difference 16 (11 to 21) treatments, p less than 0.001). More than a third of @entity1 in both groups showed depressed mood, and a quarter of care givers were emotionally distressed. CONCLUSIONS: Home physiotherapy seems to be slightly more effective and more resource efficient than day hospital attendance and should be the preferred rehabilitation method for aftercare of @entity64 @entity1 . New strategies are needed to address psychosocial function for both @entity1 and care givers.

title: The Bradford community XXXX trial: results at six months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8711 and @entity18227 are melanized @entity364 , which affect skin and subcutaneous tissues in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed @entity1 , as solid-organ transplant recipients, respectively. In this present study, we report six cases of melanized @entity364 in kidney transplant recipients. In five cases, culture of tissue specimens identified two cases of Exophiala spp. and three cases of Fonsecaea spp. Molecular identification was performed in three cases based on sequencing of rDNA (ITS region) that revealed the following agents: @entity48775 , Exophiala bergeri and Fonsecaea monophora. Clinically, they presented @entity75 , @entity1544 , nodules and lymphangitic distribution. Histopathological aspect was @entity378 , with concomitant presence of muriform bodies and hyphae. Some @entity1 presented fungal transepithelial elimination. One @entity1 received only @entity8974 . Three @entity1 underwent surgery, and two of them received @entity2059 . In these four cases, the infection did not relapse. The other two @entity1 were treated only with @entity2059 , one of them is still under treatment and the other one was lost to follow-up. These @entity1 presented clinical and histopathological characteristics ranging from resistant to nonresistant forms.

title: Spectral Manifestation of Melanized XXXX in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Report of Six Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity48775 :: ('348802', 'Species') :: ['Exophiala xenobiotica']

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['Chromoblastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous lesion']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous-squamous plaque']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity18227 :: ('MESH:D060446', 'Disease') :: ['phaeohyphomycosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal Infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Colleters are secretory structure present on many families including Rubiaceae. These structures are characterized by a parenchymatic central axis surrounded by a palisade secretory epidermis. Particular characteristics have been described about colleters secretory cells, however the molecules passage through cell wall and cuticle and senescence process are still under debate. Tocoyena bullata (Vell.) @entity6302 . (Rubiaceae) shoot apex were collected at Jardim Bot  nico do Rio de Janeiro, RJ/Brazil. Stipules were separated and fragments were fixed in 2.5% @entity3584 and 4.0% @entity406 in 0.05 M @entity20340 buffer, pH 7.2, post fixed in 1.0% @entity3734 in the same buffer, dehydrated in @entity1324 , critical-point-drying, sputtered coated and observed. For light microscopy fragments were fixed and dehydrated, infiltrated with historesin and stained with 1% @entity11979 . For transmission electron microscopy, the samples were infiltrated with Epoxi resin. Colleters are present on stipule adaxial surface. On the beginning of development, these structures are recognized as small projections. Later on, colleters differentiated and secrete by cuticle rupture. The colleters senescence occurs in a concomitant and indissoluble way of programmed cell death. Ultrastructural analyses during the process strongly suggest the senescence is based on a non-autolitic programmed cell death. T bullata colleters, present at stipule abaxial surface are cylindrical secretory structures. Colleters secretory cells originated as stipule projections; differentiate; secrete and senesce by programmed cell death. The secretion and the cell dead occurs in a concomitantly and indissoluble way. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Ontogenesis secretion and senescence of Tocoyena bullata (Vell.) XXXX . (Rubiacaeae) colleters.

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity20340 :: ('CHEBI:62956', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cacodylate']

answer: @entity6302 :: (5414,Gene) :: ['Mart']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 are rare @entity5 , of which only a few cases have been reported in the literature. In this study, the authors present a series of primary @entity788 . METHODS: Cases of nonepithelial pancreatic @entity5 ( @entity2696 ) diagnosed between 1966 and 1994 were retrieved from the Endocrine Pathology Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Histologic features (in 10 cases) as well as histochemical and immunohistochemical studies (in 6 cases) were reviewed. Long term @entity1 follow-up data were obtained in 9 cases. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 8 females and 2 males ages 2-61 years (mean age, 28.9 years) at initial presentation. The @entity5 were circumscribed and occurred predominantly (in 6 of 10 cases) in the tail of the pancreas. The multicystic, serous, or chylous fluid-filled @entity5 ranged from 3 to 20 cm (average, 12.7 cm) in greatest dimension. Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of multilocular cystic spaces of various sizes, lined by endothelial cells. The stroma contained smooth muscle and mature lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry determined the endothelial lining cells to be factor VIII-R antigen and @entity2279 positive (in all cases tested) but usually @entity2280 negative. All @entity1 for whom follow-up data were obtained (n=9) were alive without evidence of disease an average of 7.2 years after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 occur predominantly in females within a wide age range. Multilocular, fluid-filled cysts, with endothelial immunoreactivity for factor VIII-R antigen and @entity2279 , are characteristic of these @entity5 . Complete surgical excision of these @entity5 resulted in excellent long term prognoses for all @entity1 studied.

title: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of ten XXXX and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic lymphangiomas', 'pancreatic lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic lymphangiomas']


abstract: @entity565 is a natural model of @entity32 where amount of airborne antigen have direct impact and correlates to the clinical disease and degree of @entity32 . @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) is an indirect measure of the degree of @entity32 and the seasonal increase paralleling clinical disease has been shown in a number of studies. Using a model of @entity565 in birch pollen sensitive individuals we intended to prove the anti-inflammatory potential of immunotherapy (IT). Forty birch pollen- @entity56 @entity1 , 20 IT-treated and 20 untreated participated in a series of studies. @entity2488 expressed as PC20 @entity112 increased in all @entity1 during the season although most in untreated controls; the difference between the groups was p < 0.07. The level of @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) rose in untreated, but not IT-treated, @entity1 during the season (p < 0.05). Significant increase in eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) in serum of untreated @entity1 during the season was noted. IT-treatment abrogated this response. After 2 years of treatment bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 12 @entity1 (6 in each group). IT-treatment prevented seasonal rise of eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood (PB) and the lung while in the untreated group the increase was significant in both compartments (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). At the same time, significant increment in @entity11153 and ECA levels in BAL were recorded in untreated @entity1 compared with IT-treated (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of immunotherapy on the @entity32 in pollen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'Bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal asthma', 'Seasonal asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic thyroidectomy via anterior chest approach for early @entity3557 (T1N0M0). METHODS: From July 2004 to December 2010, 91 @entity1 with early @entity3557 underwent minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy via anterior chest approach. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of @entity1 , operation types, operative time, postoperative hospital stay time, and @entity260 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All 91 operations were successfully performed endoscopically. There was no case conversed to open surgery. The mean @entity5 size was (0.96    0.71) cm. The operation types included unilateral lobectomy (41 cases), @entity512 (3 cases), ipsilateral lobectomy and @entity717 (42 cases), and bilateral total thyroidectomy (5 cases). Central compartment node dissection was carried out in 39 cases with the @entity5 diameter less than 1.0 cm and in 29 cases with the @entity5 diameter of 1.0 - 2.0 cm. The mean operating time was (99    17) min, the mean bleeding volume was (18    12) ml, and the mean post-operative hospital stay time was (3    1) days. Temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), paresis occurred in 2 cases and recovered within 1 to 2 months after the surgery. One @entity1 showed permanent @entity2895 . Two @entity1 showed @entity346 . No @entity1 showed @entity2080 and @entity130 . There was no case with @entity13587 . No further complications, such as irritating cough, @entity116 , and @entity2415 developed after the operation. With the anterior chest wall approach, all @entity1 had no surgical scar on the neck and thus they were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes. All @entity1 were disease free by follow-up of 7 to 85 (58.4    17.2) months. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive endoscopic thyroid surgery through anterior chest approach is a feasible and safe method for the treatment of early @entity3557 . This technique had better cosmetic results and the long-term effect of this technique needs further evaluation.

title: [Minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy via an anterior chest approach for early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the superior laryngeal nerve']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative seroma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['RLN paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral subtotal lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral subtotal lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal injury']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: Wild-type @entity958 seedlings are capable of following two developmental programs: photomorphogenesis in the light and skotomorphogenesis in darkness. Screening of @entity958 mutants for constitutive photomorphogenic development in darkness resulted in the identification of three new loci designated @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 . Detailed examination of the temporal morphological and cellular differentiation patterns of wild-type and mutant seedlings revealed that in darkness, seedlings homozygous for recessive mutations in @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 failed to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental pathway and were unable to initiate skotomorphogenesis. As a consequence, the mutant seedlings grown in the dark had short hypocotyls and open and expanded cotyledons, with characteristic photomorphogenic cellular differentiation patterns and elevated levels of light-inducible gene expression. In addition, plastids of dark-grown mutants were defective in etioplast differentiation. Similar to @entity29820 and @entity46541 , and in contrast to @entity41745 (deetiolated), these new mutants lacked dark-adaptive change of light-regulated gene expression and retained normal phytochrome control of seed germination. Epistatic analyses with the long hypocotyl @entity45638 , @entity47339 , @entity28781 , @entity16606 , and @entity47340 mutations suggested that these three loci, similar to @entity29820 and @entity46541 , act downstream of both phytochromes and a blue light receptor, and probably @entity47340 as well. Further, @entity47336 -1, @entity47337 -1, and @entity47338 -1 mutants accumulated higher levels of @entity29820 , a feature similar to the @entity46541 -1 mutant. These results suggested that @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 , together with @entity29820 , @entity46541 , and @entity41745 , function to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental program and to promote skotomorphogenesis in darkness. The identical phenotypes resulting from mutations in @entity47336 , @entity46541 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 imply that their encoded products function in close proximity, possibly with some of them as a complex, in the same signal transduction pathway.

title: XXXX @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 genes are involved in repression of photomorphogenic development in darkness.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The term " @entity189 of unknown primary" ( @entity189 ) defines a @entity5 in which a @entity5 is documented in absence of a detectable primary site. It occurs in about 2  6 % of @entity5 @entity1 , according to various literature reports. The @entity5 site results indefinable because of several either single or associated factors, even remaining occult at autopsy in 15  25% of @entity189 @entity1 . The metastatic spread pattern of @entity189 is quite unlike that expected for analogous known primary @entity5 . For instance, the unknown @entity263 often metastasizes to the lungs and liver while the its known analogous usually spreads to the bone. Whether @entity74 might play a role in determining a @entity189 , it remains undefined. Most @entity189 are @entity420 , @entity957 , either @entity189 , whereas less frequently may be @entity242 , @entity320 or @entity5 . As @entity189 diagnostic management is concerned, two opposite approach modalities may be adopted, one, named "shotgun modality", consisting in a multiplicity of examinations aimed at achieving the identification of the @entity5 and the other, a nihilistic modality, by adopting tout court a palliative therapy of the metastatic disease. A reasonable intermediate diagnostic strategy consists in undertaking some procedures with a specific target and low cost/benefit ratio. Selected imaging studies, serum @entity5 markers, immunohistochemical analyses and genetic- molecular examinations on biopsy material allow sometimes to reach the detection of primary @entity5 that might be responsive to a potential treatments. Nevertheless, in spite of recent sophisticated -laboratory and imaging progress, @entity189 remains a strong challenge in clinical oncology.

title: XXXX ( @entity189 ); some considerations about pathogenesis and diagnostic strategy, particularly focusing on CUPS pertaining to the Urology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant condition', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated or differentiated carcinoma', 'CUP', 'carcinoma', 'CUP condition']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['certain genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of unknown primary']


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity1 with heart murmur and @entity5892 was admitted to our hospital. Examination of his heart revealed @entity4794 and hematological study confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1148 ( @entity1148 ). After 1100 ml pre-operative phlebotomy, mitral valve replacement with a 29 mm Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis was performed utilizing routine cardio-pulmonary bypass using only his prestored blood and moderate @entity2332 . We had no difficulty in hemostasis at the operation. Acute @entity356 began suddenly as much as 1500 ml on the 4th postoperative day. As medical care was in vain, emergent distal gastrectomy was performed. As we used urokinase for fear of thrombosed @entity356 was continued on. Then, we began to use Gabexate-Mesilate (FOY) instead of urokinase. Retrospectively, @entity5722 - @entity18652 was very useful drug for preventing the left atrium and prosthesis from thrombo-formation until the start of oral intake of @entity1229 and @entity1863 . To our knowledge, this would be the first case report of open-heart valve replacement surgery in a @entity1148 @entity1 in Japan.

title: [A case report: mitral valve replacement for the XXXX with essential thrombocythemia].

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocytosis', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['recent cerebral thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan']

entities_list: @entity5722 :: ('MESH:D016670', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabexate']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding', 'valve formation, residual gastric bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to identify factors associated with self-efficacy for managing recovery in the @entity130 intensive care population. INTRODUCTION: Injury accounts for 6.5% of disease burden in Australia, with similar levels being reported in other developed countries. While some studies regarding self-efficacy have identified a relationship to @entity1 recovery post acute injury, others have been inconclusive. This study will identify factors associated with self-efficacy for managing recovery in the @entity130 intensive care population. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of @entity1 aged >=  18 years, admitted to a metropolitan tertiary hospital in South East Queensland between June 2008 and August 2010 for the acute treatment of injury. @entity130 , acute care and psychosocial factors were considered. The primary outcome was self-efficacy measured by the 6-item self-efficacy scale (SES) 1 and 6 months post hospital discharge. All factors significant (p<0.10) on univariate analysis were included in multivariable modelling where p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 88 @entity1 were included. The mean self-efficacy score at 1 and 6 months was similar (6.8 vs 6.9 respectively). Self-efficacy at 1 month, @entity458 ( @entity7434 ) Score and illness perception ( @entity7434 ) Score accounted for 68.4% (adjusted R(2)) of the variance in 6 month self-efficacy (F3,75)=57.17, p<0.001. Illness perception was the strongest contributor to 6 month self-efficacy (beta=-0.516), followed by @entity458 (beta=-0.243) and self-efficacy at 1 month (beta=0.205). CONCLUSION: Significant factors associated with self-efficacy for managing recovery at 6 months included 1 month self-efficacy, illness perception and @entity458 . To promote @entity1 recovery, screening @entity1 at 1 month in order to commence relevant interventions could be beneficial.

title: Factors associated with self-efficacy for managing recovery in the XXXX intensive care population: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic, injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal and neonatal efficacy and safety with @entity1483 , @entity3591 or @entity117 in @entity1 with mild/moderate chronic @entity101 during pregnancy. METHODS: A pilot clinical trial was performed in a tertiary teaching hospital in Panama. Pregnant @entity1 with mild/moderate chronic @entity101 at  <=20 weeks of gestation were invited to take part in the study. Mild/moderate chronic @entity101 was defined as a pregnancy with systolic blood pressure of 140-159   mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 90-109   mmHg. @entity1 in the @entity1483 group received 20   mg of @entity1483 oral each day, those in the @entity3591 group received 5   mg of @entity3591 oral each day and those in the @entity117 group received 75   mg of orally-administered @entity117 each day. RESULTS: We enrolled 63 @entity1 during the study period, 21 @entity1 were randomised to each group ( @entity117 , @entity3591 and @entity1483 ). We found no difference in maternal complications, pre-term births, mean birth weight or in the proportion of small for gestational age @entity1 among treatment groups. Severe @entity101 and aggregate @entity1468 were similar among treatment groups. CONCLUSION: This pilot trial demonstrates that both @entity1483 and @entity3591 might have the same effect during pregnancy. However, a large clinical trial is necessary to prove this.

title: Management of chronic XXXX during pregnancy with @entity1483 , @entity3591 or @entity117 : a pilot clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: With the introduction of the Endo-GIA stapling device the 1-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure became feasible for neonates and @entity1 . Early results were promising. So far there were no meaningful data on the long-term functional results. This study shows the 5-year follow-up results after 1-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure for @entity1963 in neonates and @entity1 . The results are compared with a historical group of @entity1 from the same institution undergoing a 3-stage procedure. METHODS: Between September 1991 and December 1993 @entity1963 was diagnosed in 29 @entity1 . In 22 of them the disease was found within the first 2 months of life. In 19 @entity1 @entity1963 was restricted to the rectosigmoid colon. In 10 the innervation disturbance extended further, twice with involvement of the distal ileum. Initial treatment consisted of daily rectal irrigation. Postoperative follow-up on a regular out-clinic basis was 6 years (range, 5 to 7 years). @entity1 were scored for fecal continence, soiling, the use of laxatives, cannulae or rectal irrigation, @entity1964 , gain of body weight, and length. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. The median postoperative stay was 7.7 days. Seven @entity1 encountered complications for which admission was necessary. Ultimately, 15 @entity1 have normal spontaneous defecation. Eight @entity1 display irregular soiling, without using laxatives. At 5-year follow-up 6 @entity1 are still on some sort of laxative or rectal irrigation. Mean growth and body weight is along the @entity2451 , respectively. These functional results are no different from those in the @entity1 after 3-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no difference in functional outcome after 1- or multiple-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure for @entity1963 after 5 to 7 years. The majority of @entity1 seem to fare well with restrictive need of laxatives. The advantage of a 1-stage procedure is the prevention of @entity532 , 1 or 2 additional operations, and extra scar formation.

title: One-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure for XXXX : a 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['stoma-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['aganglionosis', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: Extracorporeal reconstruction can be applied to the successful repair of stenoses in the distal renal artery and its hilar branches. This study evaluates the short- and long-term results of extracorporeal renal artery reconstruction in 65 @entity1 , including 5 @entity1 , with @entity2792 who were treated from 1974 through 1989. The mean age of the @entity1 was 37 years (range, 7 to 67 years). The cause of the stenoses was @entity4288 in 8 @entity1 , @entity5323 in 54 @entity1 , and miscellaneous in 3. @entity101 was severe before treatment with a mean blood pressure of 187/147 mm Hg that was reduced to a mean of 159/102 mm Hg after medical therapy. Ten @entity1 had @entity8 . Results were evaluated both at short-term intervals (mean, 7.9 months; 64 @entity1 ) and long-term intervals (mean, 5.9 years; 60 @entity1 ), after surgery. Blood pressure responses were classified as beneficial (cured/improved) or failures. Anatomic results were evaluated by angiography in 98% of the @entity1 at the short-term interval and in 77% of the @entity1 at the long-term interval. Extracorporeal renal artery surgery was performed on 78 kidneys among 65 @entity1 (unilateral, 45 @entity1 ; bilateral, 13 @entity1 ; unilateral extracorporeal and contralateral in situ, 7 @entity1 ). In most of the cases autologous arterial graft was used for reconstruction. Early in the series one @entity1 died as a result of the operative procedure (1/65, 1.5%). A beneficial blood pressure response occurred in 53 @entity1 (53/65; 82%) at the short-term interval and in 49 @entity1 (49/61; 80%) at the long-term interval, with the average blood pressure at the short-term interval being 138/85 mm Hg and at the long-term interval being 139/85 mm Hg. Renal function improved in all @entity1 with preoperative @entity8 . Graft stenosis or occlusion of the main renal artery was neither observed at the short-term interval nor at the long-term interval. However, residual stenoses were observed in 9 of the 163 reconstructed distal branches (5.5%). Extracorporeal renal artery reconstruction with autologous arterial grafts can be effectively applied to lesions of the distal main renal artery and its hilar branches with durable functional results.

title: Extracorporeal renal artery reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['fibrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: @entity13739 is an intestinal @entity8143 with an obligatory pulmonary cycle. A Th2-type immune response is induced and amplifies the cellular response through the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Although this response has been described as being similar to @entity565 , airway remodeling during pulmonary migration of larvae has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of airway remodeling during Strongyloides venezuelensis (S. v.) @entity281 and to determine the ability of @entity619 treatment to interfere with the mechanisms involved in this process. @entity35 were inoculated with 9,000 S. v. larvae, treated with @entity619 (2 mg/kg) and killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Morphological and morphometric analyzes with routine stains and immunohistochemistry were conducted, and some inflammatory mediators were evaluated using ELISA. Goblet cell hyperplasia and increased bronchiolar thickness, characterized by @entity4 , @entity2295 , inflammatory infiltrate, collagen deposition and enlargement of the smooth muscle cell layer were observed. @entity6667 , @entity3426 and @entity12718 levels were elevated throughout the course of the @entity281 . The morphological findings and the immunomodulatory response to the @entity281 were drastically reduced in @entity619 -treated @entity35 . The pulmonary migration of @entity24202 larvae produced a transitory, but significant amount of airway remodeling with a slight residual bronchiolar @entity82 . The exact mechanisms involved in this process require further study.

title: XXXX reduces bronchial wall remodeling during pulmonary migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis larvae in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['Strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity24202 :: ('54571', 'Species') :: ['S. venezuelensis']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and usefulness of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program for @entity1 with very severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) who receive long-term treatment with @entity26 . METHODS: A randomized prospective study that included 50 @entity1 with very severe @entity1030 undergoing long-term treatment with @entity26 . At the start of the program and after 12 months, the following evaluations were performed: pulmonary function tests, submaximal exercise capability, and quality of life. The rehabilitation program lasted for 1 year, with periodic home visits by a physiotherapist and included respiratory reeducation training of the respiratory muscles and muscular training. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 completed the study (27 in the rehabilitation group and 15 in the control group). There were no initial differences between the 2 groups. No complications arising from the performance of the exercises were observed. The rehabilitation group showed a clinically significant increase in the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (313 +/- 72 m vs 392 +/- 82 m, P = .0001) and a clinically significant reduction in the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score (55.3 +/- 15.0 vs 40.5 +/- 13.8, P = .0001). No significant changes were found in any of the parameters studied in the control group. CONCLUSION: A home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program for @entity1 with very severe @entity1030 under long-term @entity26 treatment is safe and useful, as it achieves an improvement in exercise tolerance, reduces @entity1353 after effort, and improves quality of life without causing any complication arising from the performance of the exercises.

title: Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in very severe XXXX : is it safe and useful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: This study examines the incidence and epidemiological factors of @entity697 in various ethnic groups in an urban minority community. The charts of 278 consecutive @entity1 who underwent appendectomy at The Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, between January 1988 and December 1990 were reviewed. Thirty-eight @entity1 who underwent incidental appendectomy and one @entity1 who had an interval appendectomy were excluded. The remaining 239 @entity1 , all of whom had @entity697 , constituted the study population. The incidence of @entity698 for each ethnic group was calculated as a percentage of the total emergency surgical admissions for that group. @entity697 constituted 3.1% of all emergency admissions to the surgical service over the period studied and represented 4.5% of surgical service admissions from the emergency department in Hispanics, 1.9% in African Americans, 1.5% in whites, and 21% in Asians. These differences were statistically significant except some comparisons involving whites. There were no significant differences in the pathological findings regarding the diseased appendix in different racial groups. These results indicate that @entity697 is responsible for a higher incidence of emergency admissions among Hispanics than among African Americans. This finding was statistically significant. High white blood cell counts indicated @entity32 of the appendix, but had no predictive value for the type of pathology. Surgical findings were similar in all groups.

title: XXXX in minority communities: an epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to its complexity and risk of @entity548 , the Maze III procedure has been largely replaced by surgical ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) using alternative energy sources. Radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) are the most commonly used energy forms. In this study, we sought to compare these energy modalities in terms of clinical outcomes. METHODS: Two hundred five @entity1 underwent surgical ablation of @entity955 , from October 1999 to May 2004 at our institution via an endocardial approach. @entity1 were categorized into 2 groups: RF and MW. Baseline characteristics, operative details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Rhythm success was defined as freedom from @entity955 and @entity956 as determined by postoperative electrocardiograms. RESULTS: One hundred twenty @entity1 (58.5%) were ablated using RF, whereas 85 (41.5%) were ablated with MW. Most of the @entity1 had persistent @entity955 in both the RF and MW groups (85.7% versus 80.0%, respectively; P = .363). Intraoperative left atrial size was 6.4 +/- 1.7 cm for the RF group and 6.4 +/- 1.7 cm for the MW group (P = .820). Postoperative rhythm success at 6 and 12 months was 72.4% versus 71.4% (P +/- .611) and 75.0% versus 66.7% (P = .909) for the RF and MW groups, respectively. Hospital length of stay was comparable for both groups (15.4 +/- 14.0 versus 13.3 +/- 13.9 days; P = .307). Postoperative survival at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years was 90.4%, 89.5%, and 86.1% for RF @entity1 compared to 87.9%, 86.5%, and 84.4% for MW @entity1 , respectively (log rank P = .490). CONCLUSIONS: RF and MW energy forms yield comparable postoperative rhythm success, hospital length of stay, and postoperative survival. Both sources are rapid, safe, and effective alternatives to "cut and sew" techniques for surgical treatment of @entity955 .

title: Radiofrequency and microwave energy sources in surgical ablation of XXXX : a comparative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The submucosal plexus is important in the control of secretomotor and motor function of the intestine. Our aim was to describe the projections of submucosal neurons to the @entity2846 and to the circular muscle of @entity1 colon and to determine whether submucosal neurons that projected to different layers were located at different levels of the submucosa. METHODS: A retrogradely transported fluorescent dye was applied to the mucosa, submucosa or circular muscle layer of @entity1 colon which was then maintained in organotypic culture for 5 days. The submucosa was then dissected into two preparations, one containing the inner layer of the submucosal plexus and the other containing both the intermediate and outer layers. The dissected preparations were labelled with antibodies to @entity842 synthase (NOS) or vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ). RESULTS: Submucosal neurons projected to the mucosa, submucosa and circular muscle layers for mean distances of 3.7, 3.0 and 4.3 mm, respectively. Ninety-seven per cent of submucosal neurons labelled from the circular muscle were located in the outer or the intermediate layers, while 51% of those projecting to the mucosa were in inner layer and 49% in the intermediate/outer layers of the submucosal plexus. Eleven per cent of submucosal neurons projecting to the circular muscle were immunoreactive for NOS and 12% were immunoreactive for @entity3549 . Forty-five per cent of those projecting within the submucosa were immunoreactive for @entity3549 and 38% of those projecting to the mucosa were immunoreactive for @entity3549 . CONCLUSIONS: Submucosal neurons in the @entity1 @entity694 , circular muscle and submucosa and different functional classes of neurons are located in different layers of the submucosal plexus.

title: Projections of @entity842 synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-reactive submucosal neurons in the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa within the submucosal plexus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon innervate the mucosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recently, degradation of all existing epimers of the complexing agent @entity46707 (IDS) in the bacterial strain @entity3261 BY6 was proven to depend on an epimerase and a C-N lyase (Cokesa et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3941-3947, 2004). In the @entity2348 sp. strain SLRS7, a corresponding C-N lyase is responsible for the initial degradation step (Cokesa et al., Biodegradation 15:229-239, 2004). The ite gene, encoding the IDS-transforming epimerase, and the genes icl(B) and icl(S), encoding the IDS-converting BY6-lyase and SLRS7-lyase, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. The epimerase gene encodes a protein with a predicted subunit molecular mass of 47.6 kDa. The highest degree of epimerase @entity535 sequence identities was found with proteins of unknown function, indicating a novel protein. For the lyases, the deduced @entity535 sequences show high similarity to enzymes of the fumarase II family. A classification into a new subfamily within the enzyme family is proposed. The subunit molecular masses of the lyases were calculated to be 54.4 and 54.7 kDa, respectively. In @entity3261 BY6, the ite gene was on an approximately 180-kb circular plasmid, whereas the icl(B) gene was chromosomal like the corresponding icl(S) gene in Ralstonia sp. strain SLRS7. Heterologous expression in @entity526 and subsequent purification revealed recombinant enzymes with in vitro activity similar to that of the corresponding enzymes from the wild-type strains.

title: Sequencing and heterologous expression of an epimerase and two lyases from XXXX -degrading bacteria.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial strain Ralstonia']

entities_list: @entity46707 :: ('MESH:C412825', 'Chemical') :: ['iminodisuccinate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity46707 :: (MESH:C412825,Chemical) :: ['iminodisuccinate']


abstract: Recently, we reported the domain requirements for the binding of @entity435 peptide to its specific receptor. Based on experiments using receptor chimeras, we also postulated an importance for the @entity1472 -terminal domain of the receptor in ligand binding (Perez, H. D., Holmes, R., Vilander, L., Adams, R., Manzana, W., Jolley, D., and Andrews, W. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2292-2295). We have begun to perform a detailed analysis of the regions within the @entity435 peptide receptor involved in ligand binding. To address the importance of the receptor @entity1472 -terminal domain, we substituted (or inserted) hydrophilic sequences within the @entity1472 -terminal domain, expressed the receptors, and determined their ability to bind ligand. A stretch of nine @entity1522 next to the initial @entity1853 was identified as crucial for receptor occupancy. A peptide containing such a sequence specifically completed binding of the ligand to the receptor. @entity493 screen mutagenesis of the second extracellular domain also identified @entity1522 involved in ligand binding as well as a @entity1520 bond ( @entity2569 98 to @entity2569 176) crucial for maintaining the binding pocket. These studies provide evidence for a novel mechanism involved in regulation of receptor occupancy. Binding of the ligand induces conformational changes in the receptor that result in the apposition of the @entity1472 -terminal domain over the ligand, providing a lid to the binding pocket.

title: Human XXXX peptide receptor ligand binding domain(s). Studies using an improved mutagenesis/expression vector reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of receptor occupancy.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity435 :: ('CHEBI:42485', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl']

answer: @entity435 :: (CHEBI:42485,Chemical) :: ['formyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the available evidence regarding efficacy, benefits, and risks of @entity2399 @entity410 prophylaxis in @entity1 with @entity1468 or @entity3036 . DATA SOURCES: The English-language literature in MEDLINE was searched from 1966 through February 1998 using the terms " @entity2399 ," " @entity410 ," " @entity1468 ," " @entity3036 ," and " @entity101 in pregnancy." Reviews of bibliographies of retrieved articles and consultation with experts in the field provided additional references. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: All relevant English-language clinical research articles retrieved were reviewed. Randomized controlled trials, retrospective reviews, and observational studies specifically addressing efficacy, benefits, or side effects of @entity2399 therapy in @entity1468 or @entity3036 were chosen. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Nineteen randomized controlled trials, five retrospective studies, and eight observational reports were reviewed. The criteria used for inclusion were as follows: randomized controlled trials evaluating use of @entity2399 in @entity3036 , @entity1468 , and @entity101 disorders of pregnancy; nonrandomized studies of historical interest; "classic" observational studies; and recent retrospective studies evaluating efficacy of @entity2399 therapy, using relative risk and 95% confidence intervals where applicable. @entity2399 therapy has been associated with increased length of labor, increased cesarean delivery rate, increased postpartum @entity548 , increased @entity1576 , decreased neuromuscular transmission, and maternal death from @entity1445 . A summary of randomized, controlled trials in @entity1 with @entity3036 reveals recurrent @entity410 in 216 (23.1%) of 935 @entity1 treated with @entity3174 or @entity3175 , compared with recurrent @entity410 in only 88 (9.4%) of 932 @entity1760 -treated @entity1 . Randomized controlled trials in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 collectively revealed @entity410 in 22 (2.8%) of 793 @entity1 treated with antihypertensive agents, compared with @entity410 in only seven of 815 (0.9%) @entity1760 -treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The evidence to date confirms the efficacy of @entity2399 therapy for @entity1 with @entity3036 and severe @entity1468 . However, there is a need for a randomized controlled trial to determine efficacy of @entity2399 therapy for @entity1 with mild @entity1468 and gestational @entity101 .

title: @entity2399 therapy in @entity1468 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: The effect of @entity53 and/or @entity251 upon secretion by seminal vesicle in castrated and intact @entity35 was assessed in young adult @entity35 , using light microscopy (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM)electron microscopy. Hormones were injected daily for ten days beginning ten days after castrations were performed. The normal @entity35 seminal vesicle, as revealed by SEM, was characterized by a large saccular lumen with highly folded walls. Cell surfaces were covered with microvilli, or occasionally displayed a protruding, ruffled surface, sparsely covered with short microvilli. Cytology was normal in @entity251 -treated animals. @entity53 treatment of castrated animals stimulated secretion by seminal vesicle epithelial cells as evidenced by the presence of normal secretory bodies, the presence of RER, and moderately hypertrophied Golgi complexes. These glands were not heavier than were glands from castrated, untreated animals, although the epithelial cells were significantly taller. Secretion was maintained in intact animals treated with @entity53 , although glands were smaller and epithelial height was reduced. @entity53 and @entity251 treatment in combination did not appear to have an additive effect on secretion, weight of the gland, or epithelial height. The following results support the hypothesis that @entity172 -induced @entity3695 synthesis and release may be involved in the mechanism by which @entity53 effected stimulation of seminal vesicle epithelium. @entity3695 -treated, castrated animals exhibited focal areas of stimulated epithelium. In hypophysectomized animals (untreated controls), the seminal vesicle epithelium retained some secretory bodies and secretory fluid in the glandular lumen; epithelial height was taller than that in castrated controls. @entity172 treatment reduced the epithelial height to that of castrated controls; there was no evidence of secretion. This suggests that in the absence of anterior pituitary hormones, including @entity3695 , the stimulatory effect of @entity53 on seminal vesicle epithelium was nullified. In adrenalectomized/castrated animals, @entity53 treatment stimulated secretion in seminal vesicle epithelium just as in non-adrenalectomized/castrated animals. This indicates that the adrenal gland plays a non-essential role in the action of @entity172 on seminal vesicle epithelium.

title: Fine structural studies of XXXX seminal vesicle in castrated and intact animals following @entity172 treatment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo effects of @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) and @entity46714 infusion on regional contractile performance and acid-base status in the setting of hypercarbic @entity520 . Animals (N = 9) were anesthetized and paralyzed using @entity1372 pentothal, @entity1508 , and @entity6305 , and mechanically ventilated with an air-O2 mixture so that arterial @entity4095 was > or = 300 mm Hg. Following beta-adrenergic blockade, alveolar ventilation was gradually reduced over a 50-minute period to increase arterial PCO2 to 60 to 80 mm Hg. Each of the following solutions was then infused in consecutive order directly into the left anterior descending artery coronary artery for 15 minutes: (1) 8.4% @entity5993 at 2 mL/min; (2) 5% @entity2827 at 2 mL/min, equivalent to @entity5993 in osmolality; (3) 6.3% @entity46714 at 0.5 mL/min, equivalent to @entity5993 in buffer capacity; and (4) 6.3% @entity46714 at 2 mL/min, equivalent to @entity5993 in volume. Regional @entity64 work analog (ultrasonic dimension transducers), @entity296 (Khuri electrode), coronary blood flow (doppler flow probe), and hemodynamic/metabolic variables (heart rate, blood pressure, arterial and coronary venous blood gases) were measured at 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes during each infusion and 10 minutes after the infusion was discontinued, ie, at 25 minutes. Animals were allowed to recover for 45 minutes between interventions. Values at each time point were compared with baseline for statistical significance. Small reductions in @entity296 (P < .05) and @entity64 work (P > .05) were observed within 1 minute of @entity5993 administration. Both parameters increased significantly from baseline levels thereafter, ie, @entity296 at 5 minutes and @entity64 work at 15 minutes. Infusion of @entity46714 invariably was associated with an increase (P < .05) in @entity296 . @entity64 work increased (P < .05) during low-dose @entity46714 administration, but infusion of the higher dose was accompanied by a biphasic response, ie, an increase (P < .05) from 0 to 5 minutes, followed by a gradual decrease that achieved statistical significance 10 minutes after termination of the infusion. End-diastolic length was inversely proportional to changes in @entity64 work, and coronary blood flow varied directly with changes in coronary venous Pco2. Myocardial @entity3612 consumption decreased (P < .05) during @entity46714 infusion, but changes during @entity5993 did not reach statistical significance. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that intramyocardial pH determines myocardial function independent of @entity3158 production by buffer therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity4388 versus @entity46714 in canine myocardial hypercarbic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial myocardial pH']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity46714 :: ('MESH:C046283', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbicarb']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: @entity3558 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of cell membranes of @entity420 . The purpose of these studies was to generate @entity2355 multiple tandem repeat (VNTR)-stimulated mononuclear cells (M1SMC). We first determined the optimal conditions to influence the immune response. In these studies, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), from @entity1 with @entity420 , were stimulated by different numbers of M1SMC stimulations, various concentrations of @entity2355 peptide, washing of PBMC prior to stimulation and days in culture, to determine the optimal conditions to influence the immune response. The results of this study indicate that the mononuclear cells (MC) stimulated twice 1 week apart with @entity2355 VNTR1 produced a greater specific killing of the @entity0 cell line MCF-7 than the 0, 1, 3 or 4 weekly stimulations. The optimal molarity for inducing @entity137 and cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma-interferon and @entity688 ) was 45 x 10(-8) M (1 microg/ml); except for @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 which was 22 x 10(-8) M (0.5 microg/ml). The unwashed MC were superior to washing them with Ficoll-Hypaque. The optimal number of days in culture for @entity137 and cytokine production was after two stimulations (i.e. after day 7). Optimum conditions for generation of M1SMC identified in these studies were two stimulations with peptide, concentration of 45 x 10(-8) M (1 microg/ml) peptide, unwashed cells, and after two stimulations or after 8 days in culture. M1SMC were generated from multiple @entity1 with @entity0 which lysed @entity420 cells.

title: Generation of XXXX -stimulated mononuclear cells using optimized conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2355 :: (4582,Gene) :: ['MUC1']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase III study was performed to determine whether concurrent or sequential treatment with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) improves survival in unresectable stage III @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were assigned to the two treatment arms. In the concurrent arm, chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity7324 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29, and 36), and @entity1138 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). RT began on day 2 at a dose of 28 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 14 fractions) followed by a rest period of 10 days, and then repeated. In the sequential arm, the same CT was given, but RT was initiated after completing CT and consisted of 56 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 28 fractions). RESULTS: Three hundred twenty @entity1 were entered onto the study. Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced between the treatment arms. The response rate for the concurrent arm was significantly higher (84. 0%) than that of the sequential arm (66%) (P =.0002). The median survival duration was significantly superior in @entity1 receiving concurrent therapy (16.5 months), as compared with those receiving sequential therapy (13.3 months) (P =.03998). Two-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates in the concurrent group (34.6%, 22.3%, 16.9%, and 15.8%, respectively) were better than those in the sequential group (27.4%, 14.7%, 10.1%, and 8.9%, respectively). Myelosuppression was significantly greater among @entity1 on the concurrent arm than on the sequential arm (P =.0001). CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 with unresectable stage III @entity1149 , the concurrent approach yields a significantly increased response rate and enhanced median survival duration when compared with the sequential approach.

title: Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with @entity1138 , @entity7324 , and XXXX in unresectable stage III @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The efficacy of a garlic- @entity4044 combination product (Allium plus) was analyzed in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study under extreme dietary conditions. The Christmas/New Year's season was chosen for this 2 months lasting investigation analyzing whether the known @entity165 lowering effect of garlic was even effective during the period of the year with the most @entity165 -rich meals. 43 @entity1 with elevated total @entity165 levels ranging between 230-390 mg/dl completed the study. There were no significant changes of the total @entity165 values in both treatment groups. Nevertheless the analysis of improvement or deterioration of total @entity165 values revealed a clear difference between verum and placebo. 20% of the @entity1 in the placebo group showed an improvement of their total @entity165 level, while there was a significant greater improvement rate of 35% in the verum group (p < 0.05). The responders of the verum group showed a reduction in the total @entity165 values from 298.5 +/- 53.8 to 293.0 +/- 56.4 mg/dl after 1 month and a total reduction of 10.4% after 2 months to 267.6 +/- 44.4 mg/dl. The difference after 2 months of treatment was significantly different from the starting value (p < 0.05). After the 2 months treatment phase there was a 2 weeks wash-out period. During this period the total @entity165 value returned to 293.5 +/- 90.1 mg/dl showing the effectiveness of garlic treatment, but indicating the need for a continuous long-term therapy.

title: Limitation of the deterioration of lipid parameters by a standardized garlic- XXXX combination product. A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['ginkgo']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a @entity1 with cytogenetically confirmed @entity11807 with associated diffuse bilateral pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae. This is only the second reported case of @entity358 with @entity11807 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 16 year old @entity3595 Lankan @entity1 , with a cytogenetically confirmed @entity11807 was admitted to University Medical Unit, National Hospital of @entity3595 Lanka for further assessment and treatment. Both central and peripheral cyanosis plus clubbing were noted on examination. The peripheral saturation was persistently low on room air and did not improve with supplementary @entity26 . Contrast echocardiography failed to demonstrate an intra cardiac shunt but showed early crossover of contrast, suggesting the possibility of pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was inconclusive. Subsequent right heart catheterisation revealed bilateral diffuse arterio-venous fistulae not amenable for device closure or surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the second reported @entity1 with @entity358 associated with @entity11807 . We report this case to create awareness among clinicians regarding this elusive association. We recommend screening @entity1 with @entity11807 using contrast echocardiography at the time of assessment with transthoracic echocardiogram. Though universal screening may be impossible given the cost constraints, such screening should at least be performed in @entity1 with clinical evidence of desaturation or when a therapeutic option such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered. Treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae would improve @entity1 outcome as desaturation by shunting worsens the anaemic symptoms by reducing the @entity26 carrying capacity of blood.

title: XXXX with bilateral diffuse pulmonary arterio venous fistulae: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anaemia']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi anaemia']


abstract: Until recently, intubation for the palliation of @entity5 has relied upon the insertion of a variety of plastic tubes. Self-expanding metal stents are reported to have a lower complication rate. We have compared the results of Atkinson tube insertion with self-expanding metal stents in @entity1 with inoperable @entity189 . From 1990 to 1994 Atkinson tubes were inserted for the palliation of @entity1282 from @entity5 , from 1994 onwards self-expanding metal stents were used. Complications, mortality and hospital stay were compared in both groups of @entity1 . In all, 87 @entity1 with inoperable @entity189 were treated, 46 with an Atkinson tube and 41 with metal stents. Complications occurred at similar rates in both groups (56% Atkinson tubes, 44% metal stents). There was a significantly higher perforation rate associated with Atkinson tube insertion (8 @entity1 , 17%) compared with metal stents (1 @entity1 , 2.4%, P = 0.02, chi 2). The length of stay was also significantly higher in the Atkinson tube group (median 10 days) compared with the metal stent group (3 days, P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Mortality rates were similar in both groups. The use of metal stents for the palliation of @entity1282 in inoperable @entity189 results in a lower perforation rate and a reduced length of stay and they represent a significant @entity7298 .

title: Palliation of XXXX from inoperable @entity189 using Atkinson tubes or self-expanding metal stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'malignant dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['advantage over Atkinson tubes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled anesthetics may affect proteins at the interface between membrane lipids and the surrounding aqueous phase. The underlying solution chemistry is not known. Because the hydrophobicity of nonpolar protein components importantly influences their conformation, we tested the hypothesis that @entity5161 affects the solubility of two nonpolar compounds, @entity577 and @entity8336 , in saline. METHODS: Using a serial dilution technique, we determined the saline:gas partition coefficients (PCs) of @entity577 and @entity8336 at 37 degrees C in the absence of @entity5161 and in the presence of approximately 1%, 5%, and 15% @entity5161 . We also measured the effect on the vapor pressure of @entity7935 produced by saturating @entity7935 with either @entity33284 or @entity31483 , anesthetics used in a previous study to demonstrate that their equilibration with @entity7935 decreased the solubility of @entity7935 in water. RESULTS: Clinically relevant concentrations of @entity5161 (1% and 5%) did not affect the saline:gas PC of @entity577 and @entity8336 , but 15%-20% @entity5161 increased the PC of @entity577 (P < 0.05) but not @entity8336 . Saturating @entity7935 with @entity33284 or @entity31483 , decreased the vapor pressure of @entity7935 in proportion to the amount of anesthetic dissolved in the @entity7935 . CONCLUSION: @entity5161 has a weak antihydrophobic effect at concentrations far above the clinically relevant range, and this effect is unlikely to explain how anesthetics act. A previous study, which found that @entity33284 and @entity31483 decreased the solubility of @entity7935 in water, probably erred in its conclusion that these anesthetics interfered with the interaction of @entity7935 and water. Instead, the anesthetics simply decreased the vapor pressure of @entity7935 , doing so in accordance with Raoult's Law.

title: Concentrations of XXXX exceeding those used clinically slightly increase the affinity of @entity577 , but not @entity8336 , for water.

entities_list: @entity33284 :: ('MESH:C030797', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopropane']

entities_list: @entity31483 :: ('MESH:D005018', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroethane']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: @entity5321 ( @entity5321 ) potentiates oxidative stress-mediated cell death. @entity1457 proteins (Hsps) modulate the stability and function of numerous proteins. We examined the effect of @entity13906 (GA), an inhibitor of @entity4041 , on @entity5321 -mediated @entity137 in transfected HepG2 cells overexpressing @entity5321 (E47 cells). Basal expression of @entity5321 and @entity4041 was higher in E47 cells compared with control C34 cells, which do not express @entity5321 . Treatment with GA resulted in significant @entity137 to E47 cells compared with C34 cells. An enhanced loss of E47 cell viability was also observed using two different inhibitors of @entity4041 , @entity11615 and @entity49801 . Treatment of E47 cells with GA caused depletion of @entity2041 coupled to an increase in reactive @entity26 species level and lipid peroxidation. These effects of GA were more pronounced in the E47 than the C34 cells. The antioxidants trolox and @entity898 prevented the increased reactive @entity26 species accumulation and resultant loss of viability. GA caused increased @entity522 activity and @entity4404 staining in E47 cells, suggesting an apoptotic mode of cell death. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in GA-treated HepG2 cells, and mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitors prevented the @entity137 of GA. These results suggest that @entity4041 is protective against @entity5321 -dependent oxidant stress and loss of cell viability in HepG2 cells.

title: @entity13906 , an inhibitor of @entity4041 , potentiates cytochrome P4502E1-mediated XXXX in HepG2 cells.

entities_list: @entity49801 :: ('MESH:C035359', 'Chemical') :: ['radicicol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13906 :: ('MESH:C001277', 'Chemical') :: ['geldanamycin']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity11615 :: ('MESH:C020754', 'Chemical') :: ['herbimycin A']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article investigates @entity842 (NO) metabolism following severe @entity542 (SHI). We wished to clarify the alterations of NO metabolism end products that is associated with SHI, and to delineate the @entity32 in this process. METHODS: In a prospective study, we simultaneously measured the concentrations of NO metabolites and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 @entity1 who had suffered SHI. The CSF concentrations of @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) and @entity1507 (NO(-)(3)) combined, and of @entity687 were measured during the following four time periods post- @entity130 : 6 to 10, 20 to 28, 40 to 56, and 64 to 74 hours. Levels were measured using the corresponding kits. RESULTS: Compared to the ventricular CSF control values, all of our SHI @entity1 had significantly elevated CSF levels of @entity6836 plus @entity8326 ( @entity6836 + NO(-)(3)) and @entity687 during all periods tested. CSF @entity6836 + NO(-)(3) and @entity687 concentrations reached their maximums simultaneously at 20 to 28 hours following @entity130 (Spearman's rank correlation = 0.609, p < 0.05), and @entity6836 + @entity8326 levels were significantly higher than those measured at 6 to 10, 40 to 56, and 64 to 74 hours. [ @entity3542 - @entity1507 concentrations: 6-10 hours: 19.22 +/- 6.75, 20-28 hours: 25 +/- 6.2 micromol/l, 40-56 hours: 19.82 +/- 4.47, and 64-74 hours: 19.72 +/- 4.61 micromol/l, (p < 0.05). @entity687 concentrations: 6-10 hours: 3,232 +/- 2,976.2, 20-28 hours: 3,458.45 +/- 3,048 pg/mL, 40-56 hours: 2,616.41 +/- 2,539.21, 64-74 hours: 1,388.88 +/- 1,216.7 pg/mL, (p < 0.001).]. This simultaneous surge in @entity6836 + NO(-)(3) and @entity687 in the initial 24 hours post-traumatic indicated that @entity32 secondary to SHI increased the rate of NO metabolism, resulting in higher levels of metabolites in the CSF. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with SHI, CSF concentrations of the dominant metabolites of NO are elevated in the first 3 days after @entity130 . A similar concurrent spike in the CSF level of @entity687 , a marker of acute inflammatory response, can also be demonstrated. These data indicate that the predominant cause of the higher CSF @entity6836 + @entity8326 concentrations observed in SHI is most likely @entity32 .

title: @entity842 (NO) metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with severe @entity542 . @entity32 as a possible cause of elevated no metabolites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['role of inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the physiologic sexual responses of @entity1 with incomplete @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) with and without preservation of the ability to perceive @entity1109 . DESIGN: Controlled laboratory-based analysis of responses to varying combinations of audiovisual erotic stimulation, manual genital stimulation, and performance of a distracting task coupled with manual genital stimulation. SETTING: The sexual physiology laboratory at our freestanding rehabilitation hospital. @entity1 : A volunteer sample of 17 @entity1 with incomplete @entity1566 . INTERVENTIONS: Two 78-minute protocols using 6-minute baselines alternating with 12-minute testing conditions. One protocol was designed to study the effects of psychogenic and psychogenic combined with manual sexual stimulation, while the other was designed to examine the effects of genital sexual stimulation performed in conjunction with a distracting task. DEPENDENT VARIABLES: Vaginal pulse amplitude, subjective arousal, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Subjective arousal increased in both groups of subjects with isolated audiovisual erotic stimulation; however, only those subjects with the ability to perceive @entity1109 had concomitant increases in vaginal pulse amplitude. In contrast, when manual genital stimulation was added to the audiovisual erotic stimulation, both groups of subjects developed increases in vaginal pulse amplitude, whereas only those subjects with the ability to perceive T11-L2 demonstrated a further increase in their level of subjective arousal. Performance of manual genital stimulation in conjunction with a distracting task resulted in significantly increased vaginal pulse amplitude and arousal level only in those subjects with preservation of the ability to perceive @entity1109 . With the changeover to masturbation, neither group of subjects developed significant increases in vaginal pulse amplitude. During masturbation, both groups of subjects had increases in their level of sexual arousal; however, only those subjects with T11-L2 pinprick preservation had a significant increase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with preservation of the ability to perceive @entity1109 tended to maintain the ability for psychogenic genital vasocongestion. Psychogenic protocol results showed that all subjects appeared to develop reflex genital vasocongestion when manual stimulation was added to audiovisual erotic stimulation. Manual genital stimulation in conjunction with the performance of a distracting task only resulted in increased vaginal pulse amplitudes in those subjects with preservation of @entity1109 . We believe that this was due to increased subjective sexual arousal and that the reason all subjects did not develop increased genital vasocongestion under these conditions was due to poor hand function. Further research examining @entity1 with lower levels of SCI is necessary to understand the neurophysiology of female sexual response after SCI.

title: Physiologic parameters associated with sexual arousal in @entity1 with incomplete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['T11-L2 pinprick sensation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['SCIs', 'spinal cord injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the demonstrated efficacy of long-duration adjuvant @entity440 and aromatase inhibitor use in @entity0 management, information on adherence to such therapy is limited. Therefore, we reviewed the published literature regarding hormonal therapy adherence in clinical trial and practice settings. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed database, augmented by a review of manuscript references and conference proceedings, commonly identified adherence reports in clinical trials but identified only 9 adherence reports in clinical practice settings. RESULTS: In adjuvant @entity0 clinical trials with longer (> or =4 years) follow-up, hormonal therapy ( @entity440 or aromatase inhibitors) was prematurely discontinued by about 23-28% of the study @entity1 . Adherence to aromatase inhibitors did not differ from adherence to @entity440 in this setting. In @entity0 prevention trials, @entity440 was prematurely discontinued by 20-46% of the @entity1 . In clinical practice settings, only 2 reports addressed longer-duration (>4 years) adherence to adjuvant @entity440 use. In these, @entity440 was prematurely discontinued by 30-50% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Adherence to prescribed @entity0 hormone therapy has not received concerted attention. Current, albeit limited, evidence suggests long-term hormone therapy adherence may represent an area limiting optimal @entity0 @entity1 treatment.

title: Adherence to endocrine therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Relationships are of great importance during adolescence. Because of their social, communication and @entity146 , adolescents with @entity13104 ( @entity13104 ) or @entity2438 ( @entity2438 ) probably suffer from considerable impairment of their quality of life when facing their peers in school. Nevertheless, only one recent study has been published on this subject, indicating a lower health-related quality of life in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) than in healthy controls. The goals of our study were to clarify the consequences of @entity2438 without @entity1032 on such adolescents' daily lives, and to consider them in comparison with the impact of a chronic @entity66 ( @entity6 ) and with the period of adolescence itself, using the @entity25429 questionnaire. Adolescents with @entity6 were chosen as a comparison group because of the encumbrance of having a constant need for insulin supplementation, to be assimilated to the constant need for communicative adjustments in teenagers with @entity72 , and the consequences in daily life. The effects of social skill training and social support on quality of life and the appropriateness of using the @entity25429 in this population were also studied. Twenty-six adolescents with @entity13104 and @entity2438 , 44 @entity6 adolescents, and 250 controls completed a self-administered and validated questionnaire on quality of life, the @entity25429 . Scores for adolescents with @entity72 were significantly lower than those of the control and the @entity6 adolescents, especially for friendships, leisure time, and affective and sexual relationships. On the other hand, better scores were obtained for the relationships with parents and teachers and for self-image. Social parameters affected the quality of life of subjects with @entity72 , such as having friends, regularly participating in a sport, and having the support of a school carer. For subjects with @entity2438 and without @entity1032 , impairment of quality of life is significant in adolescence and young adulthood. Such adolescents are dissatisfied with their relationships, although they often have real motivation to succeed with them. Relevance of @entity25429 questionnaire in these special individuals is discussed.

title: Quality of life of adolescents with @entity72 : comparison to adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['somatic disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ['AS', "Asperger's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorders', 'HFA', 'autistic disorder', 'high functioning autism']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A case of 43-year-old @entity1 with @entity14752 who experienced three relapses closely associated with the menstrual cycle is reported. In April 1992, she began to experience occasional @entity400 in her arms. Three months later, she experienced a generalized @entity410 and was transferred to our hospital. @entity2621 was diagnosed on the basis of high thyroid microsomal titer and mild @entity1375 . Neurological findings in admission included action @entity400 in both hands, @entity2045 in all extremities, @entity6447 , @entity911 , and @entity427 . Cerebrospinal fluid showed elevated protein level without pleocytosis. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing and magnetic resonance imaging of brain was normal. @entity14752 was diagnosed from these findings. These episodes of remission and exacerbation were observed during the admission. Her symptoms started at ovulation, worsened during the luteal phase, and improved when menstruation started. After the third relapse, she was treated with oral @entity1955 for @entity1375 and with an @entity172 and @entity1420 combination to regulate the menstrual cycle. Her thyroid function gradually became euthyroid and she did not experience any subsequent relapses. The relation between the relapsing course and menstrual cycle suggests that the periodic alteration of gonadotrophic and/or gonadal hormones or the menstrual regulating center itself in the brain may be an important factor of pathogenetic mechanism of the disorder.

title: [A case of XXXX with a relapsing course related to menstrual cycle].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's encephalopathy"]

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor', 'tremors']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity14752 :: (MESH:C535841,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's encephalopathy']


abstract: A 6-year-old @entity1 had cold-like symptoms. Administration of antibiotics did not improve the symptoms, and the @entity1 had chronic @entity662 . Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and cardiac enzyme levels were increased. @entity2683 and @entity48814 were continuously administered, but slow @entity1165 and III degrees @entity1129 block repeatedly occurred. Pulse therapy using @entity1667 was performed, but hemodynamics did not improve. Ejection fraction (EF) decreased to 20%, and @entity520 occurred. Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). To apply ECMO, a median sternotomy was performed. An in-flow cannula (15 Fr) was inserted into the ascending aorta and an out-flow cannula (19 Fr) was inserted into the right atrium. After returning to the ICU, blood pressure (BP) were stable, and urine volume was maintained at about 100 ml/h. @entity1667 and gamma-globulin were administered during circulatory assisted period. About 24 hours later, sinus rhythm was obtained, and weaning was started after improvement of the EF. BP was maintained at 100 mmHg with low dose @entity2922 , which was weaned off 42 hours after commencement. Hemodynamics after this remained stable. EF improved to 54.2%. An ECG demonstrated @entity714 ( @entity714 ) at the sinus rhythm. Severe inflammatory changes were pathologically observed, and we diagnosed @entity2401 . The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital on 43 days post admission, and currently attends school.

title: @entity1 with fulminant XXXX survived by ECMO Support--report of a @entity1 case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl prednisolone', 'methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['Mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity48814 :: ('MESH:C059498', 'Chemical') :: ['olprinone']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: After induction of @entity296 by cold cardioplegic solution, myocardial rewarming occurs at 0.5 degrees to 1.0 degrees C/min. In addition to preventing myocardial rewarming from systemic and @entity1700 , continuous cooling of the myocardial surface must be provided. Modifications of a previously reported cooling jacket are described. These modifications include decreased width and thickness of the metal skeleton for easier application and increased malleability, respectively. Also, the double-row flow channel markedly minimizes obstruction of flow secondary to kinking and allows inlet and outlet lines to attach at adjacent points of the jacket thus minimizing obstruction of the operative field. The effectiveness of the jacket in 36 @entity1 undergoing valve replacement and 19 @entity1 having @entity358 was evaluated by measurement of myocardial temperatures at multiple sites throughout aortic cross-clamping. Temperatures at all sites were maintained at 12 degrees C or less. Temperatures measured in phrenic nerve pedicles ranged from 25 degrees to 27 degrees C. During cooling, heat removal by the jacket was 330 calories/min. During maintenance of @entity296 , heat flow was 190 calories/min. Modifications of a cooling jacket facilitate usability and an array of sizes enhances applicability.

title: Optimizing XXXX : II. Cooling jacket modifications and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboendarterectomy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial hypothermia']