abstract: @entity43700 ( @entity43700 ), a mucin-like endothelial glycoprotein, was induced by @entity20514 and suppressed by @entity1420 in the mammary gland of @entity19 , and in HC11 @entity19 mammary epithelial cells. Complementary DNA microarray analysis revealed that expression of @entity43700 was reduced in the mammary gland of @entity20514 -gene disrupted @entity19 ( @entity20514 -/-) compared with control ( @entity20514 +/-) littermates. This result was confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding @entity43700 was present in mammary epithelia of @entity20514 -stimulated @entity19 . Immunohistochemistry indicated that @entity43700 protein was detectable both in mammary epithelia and in the ductal lumen in @entity20514 +/- virgin @entity19 , but not in @entity20514 -/- @entity19 . @entity43700 mRNA was highly induced by grafting pituitary glands from normal littermates. Trace amounts of mRNA for @entity43700 were detected by RT-PCR in mammary tissue of @entity20514 -/- @entity19 . @entity1420 inhibited both basal and @entity20514 -stimulated @entity43700 transcription. In HC11 cells, @entity43700 mRNA was induced in cells treated with insulin, @entity619 , and @entity20514 . Similar to the in vivo studies, @entity1420 inhibited the induction of @entity43700 transcription. In CHO cells, @entity20514 stimulated transcription of a luciferase reporter gene containing an 800-bp promoter fragment of @entity43700 , and @entity1420 partially suppressed the @entity20514 effect. These data demonstrate that expression of @entity43700 in mammary gland is under the control of both @entity20514 and @entity1420 .

title: @entity43700 ( XXXX ) is induced by prolactin and suppressed by @entity1420 in mammary epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity43700 :: ('14663(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GlyCAM 1', 'Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity43700 :: (14663(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GlyCAM 1']


abstract: @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) are fatal @entity179 that are based on the misfolding of a cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) into an infectious, pathological conformation ( @entity36320 (Sc)). There is proof-of-principle evidence that a prion vaccine is possible but this is tempered with concerns of the potential dangers associated with induction of immune responses to a widely-expressed self-protein. By targeting epitopes that are specifically exposed upon protein misfolding, our group developed a vaccine that induces @entity36320 (Sc)-specific antibody responses. Here we consider the ability of this polyclonal antibody (SN6b) to bind to a mutant of @entity3669 associated with spontaneous @entity1579 . Polyclonal antibodies were selected to mimic the vaccination outcome and also explore all possible protein conformations of the recombinant @entity291 prion protein with mutation @entity41930 [bPrP( @entity41930 )]. This mutant is a homolog of the @entity1 @entity23851 mutation of @entity3669 that is associated with early onset of @entity303 . With nanopore analysis, under non-denaturing conditions, we observed binding of the SN6b antibody to bPrP( @entity41930 ). This interaction was confirmed through ELISAs as well as immunoprecipitation of the recombinant and cellularly expressed forms of bPrP( @entity41930 ). This interaction did not promote formation of a protease resistant conformation of @entity36320 in vitro. Collectively, these findings support the disease-specific approach for immunotherapy of @entity1579 but also suggest that the concept of conformation-specific immunotherapy may be complicated in individuals who are genetically predisposed to @entity3669 misfolding.

title: Binding of @entity291 XXXX @entity36320 (C) by @entity36320 (Sc)-specific antibodies: potential implications for immunotherapy of @entity1579 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['familial dementia']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TSEs', 'prion disease', 'prion diseases', 'Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity41930 :: (c|SUB|T|194|A,DNAMutation) :: ['T194A']


abstract: @entity2333 was performed in 33 elderly @entity1 (age 60-84, mean 74 years). In six cases, repeat-valvuloplasty was performed six months later. Mean follow-up so far has been 17 months (10-24 months). Follow-up included 23 invasive controls and repeat Doppler-echocardiographic estimation of valve gradient in all @entity1 . At valvuloplasty, peak aortic gradient was reduced from 84 +/- 27 mm Hg to 40 +/- 18 mm Hg, valve area was increased from 0.39 +/- 0.11 cm2 to 0.74 +/- 0.16 cm2. Immediately after valvuloplasty, 76% of the @entity1 were asymptomatic or significantly improved. At follow-up, 10 @entity1 died and 12 @entity1 underwent surgical valve replacement. Only seven @entity1 are still improved or asymptomatic after 1st or 2nd valvuloplasty. Invasive control six to nine months after the 1st valvuloplasty showed satisfactory results for valve gradient and valve area in only one @entity1 . At repeat-valvuloplasty, a mean valve gradient of 29.6 +/- 12.5 mm Hg was achieved. All @entity1 with repeat-valvuloplasty again had invasive control after six months; peak gradient then was 56 +/- 17 mm Hg. Balloon valvuloplasty of acquired @entity472 is a palliative procedure with a high restenosis-rate. At the most, aortic valve area is doubled. In our opinion, it is only indicated in @entity1 with an unacceptable high surgical risk. Today, old age alone is no contraindication to surgical valve replacement.

title: [Balloon valvuloplasty of calcified XXXX is a realistic alternative to surgery: clinical and invasive results 17 months following the 1st or 2d dilatation].

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) is a common food pollutant that causes DNA adduct formation and is carcinogenic. The report of a positive correlation between @entity1 plasma @entity3015 levels and body mass index, together with B[a]P's lipophilicity, led us to test for possible adverse effects of @entity3015 on adipose tissue. In ex vivo experiments using primary @entity19 adipocytes, @entity3015 rapidly (within minutes) and directly inhibited @entity1425 -induced lipolysis (up to 75%) in a dose-dependent manner. Half-maximum inhibition was obtained with a @entity3015 concentration of 0.9 mg.L(-1) (3.5 microm). Lipolysis induced by beta(1)-, @entity21167 -specific agonists, as well as ACTH, were also significantly inhibited by @entity3015 , whereas @entity1928 -induced lipolysis was not B[a]P-sensitive. Similar inhibition of @entity2922 -induced lipolysis by @entity3015 was also seen in isolated @entity1 adipocytes; half-maximum inhibition of lipolysis was achieved with a @entity3015 concentration of 0.02 mg.L(-1) (0.08 microm). In vivo treatment of C57Bl/6J @entity19 with 0.4 mg.kg(-1) @entity3015 inhibited @entity1425 -induced release of free @entity1718 by 70%. Chronic exposure of @entity19 to @entity3015 (0.5 mg.kg(-1) injected i.p. every 48 h) for 15 days also decreased lipolytic response to @entity1425 and induced a 43% higher @entity1017 compared with controls ( @entity3015 : 2.23 +/- 0.12 g versus control: 1.56 +/- 0.18 g, P < 0.01) due to increased fat mass. The @entity1017 occurred consistently without detectable changes in food intake. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism of @entity137 for the environmental pollutant @entity3015 and introduce the notion that chronic exposure of @entity1 population to @entity3015 and possibly other @entity2555 could have an impact on @entity209 , such as @entity28 .

title: @entity3014 impairs beta-adrenergic stimulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and causes XXXX in @entity19 . A novel molecular mechanism of @entity137 for a common food pollutant.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Conventional iliac crest nonvascularized corticocancelous bone grafts and bone flaps have been used to treat @entity154 . However, these treatments have some limitations, namely, the availability of donor tissue, donor site morbidity, difficulty to shape the bone flap to the defect, and complexity of the surgery. The @entity6861 (rhBMP-2) is osteoinductive. However, its implantation requires a matrix (carrier) in order to define the shape of the resulting bone and to retain the protein at the site for the time required for induction to occur. When the ideal carrier is found, an unlimited supply of material would be available for all applications where bone is needed. In this in vitro study, we evaluated the suitability of some potential carriers for rhBMP-2 by measuring the @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity of fibroblast cultures. Either rhBMP-2 or @entity5224 significantly increased the @entity623 activity, when used alone. When @entity5224 was combined with rhBMP-2, there was an increase in the @entity623 activity, but lower than those obtained when the products were used alone. @entity39576 alone did not affect @entity623 activity. However, the combination of rhBMP-2 with @entity39576 did not increase the @entity623 activity, despite the presence of rhBMP-2. @entity12525 proved to be an unsuitable rhBMP-2 adsorbent.

title: Evaluation of XXXX , @entity39576 , and aluminum hydroxide as potential carriers for rhBMP-2.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity39576 :: ('MESH:C002284', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose', 'hydroxypropylmethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity12525 :: ('CHEBI:33130', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity6861 :: ('649', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein']

answer: @entity5224 :: (MESH:D002266,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']


abstract: @entity44425 and @entity44426 are citrus @entity3088 that are among the most effective at inhibiting @entity5 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The antiproliferative activity of @entity44425 and @entity44426 was investigated in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 and @entity1 @entity694 line HT-29. Both @entity3088 inhibited proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and blocked cell cycle progression at G1 in all three cell lines. At concentrations that resulted in significant inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest, neither @entity3096 induced apoptosis or cell @entity204 in any of the @entity5 cell lines. To test the ability of arrested cells to recover, cells that were incubated with @entity44425 and @entity44426 for 4 days were then cultured in @entity3096 -free medium for an additional 4 days. Cells resumed proliferation similar to untreated control within a day of @entity3096 removal. Cell cycle distribution was similar to that of control within 4 days of @entity3096 removal. These data indicate that, in these cell lines at concentrations that inhibit proliferation up to 80% over 4 days, @entity44425 and @entity44426 are cytostatic and significantly suppress proliferation by cell cycle arrest without apoptosis. Such an agent could be expected to spare normal tissues from toxic side effects. Thus, @entity44425 and @entity44426 could be effective cytostatic anticancer agents. Inhibition of proliferation of @entity1 @entity5 without inducing cell @entity204 may be advantageous in treating @entity5 as it would restrict proliferation in a manner less likely to induce @entity137 and @entity204 in normal, non- @entity5 tissues.

title: @entity44425 and @entity44426 induce G1 cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis in @entity1 breast and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity44426 :: ('MESH:C008661', 'Chemical') :: ['nobiletin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity44425 :: ('MESH:C059006', 'Chemical') :: ['tangeretin', 'Tangeretin']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Childhood maltreatment is associated with early @entity167 use initiation, @entity167 -related problem behaviors, and @entity167 use disorders in adulthood. Heavy drinking risk among individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment could be partly attributable to stress sensitization, whereby early adversity leads to psychobiological changes that heighten sensitivity to subsequent stressors and increase risk for stress-related drinking. We addressed this issue by examining whether the association between past-year stressful life events and past-year drinking density, a weighted quantity-frequency measure of @entity167 consumption, was stronger among adults exposed to childhood maltreatment. METHOD: Drinking density, stressful life events, and @entity1 maltreatment were assessed using structured clinical interviews in a sample of 4,038 male and female @entity1 ages 20-58 years from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Stress sensitization was examined using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test whether stressful events moderated the association between maltreatment and drinking density. Analyses were stratified by sex and whether the impact was different for independent stressful events or dependent stressful events as related to a @entity1 's actions. RESULTS: Independent stressful events were associated with heavier drinking density among @entity1 exposed to maltreatment. In contrast, drinking density was roughly the same across independent stressful life events exposure among @entity1 not exposed to maltreatment. There was little evidence for Maltreatment   Independent Stressor interactions in @entity1 or Maltreatment   Dependent Stressor interactions in either gender. CONCLUSIONS: Early maltreatment may have direct effects on vulnerability to stress-related drinking among @entity1 , particularly in association with stressors that are out of one's control.

title: Interactive effects of childhood maltreatment and recent stressful life events on XXXX consumption in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'child', 'men']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity8476 ( @entity8476 ) exerts a neuroprotective action against @entity2806 . This action is mediated by the @entity777 ( @entity777 ) pathway. However, as the expression patterns of @entity8476 receptors and @entity777 following @entity63 are not understood, we evaluated them in the @entity19 hippocampus in response to @entity63 induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Real-time PCR determination of @entity44632 mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly elevated on day 7 after @entity63 . VPAC1R mRNA expression was significantly decreased 3 days after the @entity63 episode, while @entity9622 mRNA expression showed a nonsignificant tendency to increase on day 7. @entity777 mRNA expression was significantly increased on day 3 and peaked on day 7 after @entity63 . The mRNA expression of @entity44633 , which is a neuroprotective factor stimulated by @entity8476 , remained virtually unchanged in response to @entity63 . @entity777 immunoreactivity was detected in the @entity4778 pyramidal cell layer and colocalized with the neuronal marker @entity7079 on day 1 after @entity63 . On day 3, irregularly shaped @entity777 -immunopositive cells colocalized with the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein but not with the microglial marker @entity9271 . @entity44632 immunoreactivity co-labeled with @entity777 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that @entity8476 could stimulate @entity777 secretion by neurons during the acute phase after an @entity63 episode and thereafter by astrocytes during the subacute phase.

title: @entity777 and @entity8476 receptor expression and localization after global @entity2806 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity8476 :: ('11516(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PACAP', 'Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity44633 :: ('11538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['activity-dependent neuroprotective protein']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. In the normal blood vessel, the vascular endothelium regulates the tone of the underlying smooth muscle and the reactivity of blood elements, such as platelets and neutrophils, by the release of mediators, in particular @entity842 (NO) and @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ). 2. @entity842 is a potent vasodilator that also inhibits platelet and neutrophil aggregation and adhesion; @entity2232 is the most potent @entity1 vasoconstrictor peptide yet found. Recently, much research effort has focused on examining the interactions between these two important mediators. At a simple level, @entity2232 acts on specific receptors on the endothelium to increase the release of NO, while NO depresses the production and/or release of @entity2232 from endothelial cells. 3. While @entity2232 appears to have a relatively small influence on the basal regulation of blood pressure, NO appears central. For example, inhibition of NO production in normotensive animals produces a marked elevation in blood pressure. 4. Conversely, numerous @entity455 states have been associated with elevations in the production and/or release of @entity2232 and it has been implicated in the deleterious changes associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury, @entity510 and @entity101 . In these conditions, NO production may also be increased by the induction of NO synthetic pathways within the vascular smooth muscle. @entity2232 may also be produced by the vascular smooth muscle under similar circumstances. 5. Therefore, in pathological states, a new balance between NO and @entity2232 production may be central to changes in blood vessel reactivity, smooth muscle proliferation and @entity1003 .

title: Relationships between the endothelin and XXXX pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulability']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity791 ( @entity791 ) has been etiologically linked with the @entity1 T-cell lymphotropic virus @entity778 . In a study on the prevalence of antibodies to this virus in Switzerland, sera from 941 individuals were collected in 5 major urban areas (Basel, Berne, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich) in 1983 and 1984. All sera were tested by ELISA and the majority also by Western blot. We found an antibody prevalence of 100% among 22 cases of @entity791 , of 94% among 48 cases of @entity791 ( @entity791 ), and of 57% among 14 homosexual contacts of @entity791 @entity1 . Among 55 sera collected from i.v. drug addicts in 1984, 53% were positive, whereas the rate had been 36% among 103 sera collected in 1983. The rate was 19% among 227 sera collected from asymptomatic active homosexuals in 1984, against 10% among 40 sera collected in 1983. 8% positives were found among 98 @entity1 with various types of @entity99 . In addition, 4% of 84 sera of individuals from Equatorial Africa were positive. No positives were found among 15 sera of individuals from other African regions, among 32 sera of @entity1 from various regions of Asia, and among 203 Swiss blood donors. These results demonstrate the high and increasing rate of @entity778 among groups at risk for @entity791 , and suggest that @entity778 -related diseases will be a serious problem in the years ahead.

title: [Prevalence of antibodies against XXXX in various regions in Switzerland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HTLV-III infection', 'HTLV-III']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-related complex', 'AIDS', 'ARC', 'Acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['HTLV-III']


abstract: We conducted a phase I-II study of transplantation conditioning with @entity19859 -melphalan-alemtuzumab for @entity1 with advanced @entity1583 . Ten @entity1 were accrued to the phase I portion, which utilized an accelerated titration design. No dose-limiting @entity137 was observed, and @entity19859 40 mg/m(2)   5, melphalan 140 mg/m(2)   1, and alemtuzumab 20 mg   5 was adopted for the phase II study, which accrued 72 @entity1 . Median age was 54 years. There were 44 @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 syndromes, 27 with @entity1893 , and nine @entity1 with other @entity1583 . The largest subgroup of 35 @entity1 had American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation high-risk, active disease. All evaluable @entity1 engrafted with a median time to neutrophil and platelet recovery of 10 and 18 days, respectively. The cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality was 26% at 1 year. Cumulative incidence of relapse was 29% at 1 year. Overall survival was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71-89) at 100 days and 59% (95% CI, 47-71) at 1 year. Progression-free-survival was 45% (95% CI, 33-67) at 1 year. Rapid-onset @entity177 was the main @entity137 in the phase II study and more frequent in older @entity1 and those with baseline decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Grade 3-5 @entity8 was observed in 16 of 74 @entity1 (21%) treated at the phase II doses. @entity19859 - @entity3601 -alemtuzumab conditioning yields promising response and duration of response, but @entity8 poses a considerable risk particularly in older @entity1 .

title: Phase I-II study of XXXX -melphalan-alemtuzumab conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofarabine', 'clofarabine']

answer: @entity19859 :: (MESH:C068329,Chemical) :: ['clofarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a Care Management Organization (CMO) @entity6 Management Program (DDMP) in improving @entity6 outcomes among high-risk @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in the Bronx, New York. METHODS: An interventional, nonrandomized study design was used to assess the effectiveness of the DDMP. @entity1 older than 18 years who had T2DM and an @entity3916 persistently 8% or greater or with a cardiovascular comorbidity were characterized as high risk and received intensive disease management. @entity1 served as their own controls, with data collection and analysis occurring 12 months prior to and 12 months after enrollment in DDMP. Data collection included screening rates for @entity3916 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity308 , smoking status, and annual influenza vaccine administration. Changes in @entity3916 and LDL @entity165 were also analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using Minitab. McNemar's chi-square and paired t tests were used to assess within-group changes from baseline to final outcomes. RESULTS: Significant improvements in screening rates for @entity3916 , LDL, @entity308 , smoking status, and annual influenza vaccine administration were found among high-risk/intensively managed @entity1 in the DDMP. Improvements in clinical measures were also achieved in this group. Provider and @entity1 satisfaction surveys were positive, with 92% of @entity1 believing that the program helped them better understand their disease. CONCLUSIONS: A DDMP among high-risk @entity1 has shown promise in improving the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity6 . This program has relevance for other integrated delivery systems that are developing accountable care approaches.

title: Population management of XXXX in a high-need urban community in the Bronx: the experience of Montefiore Medical Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Disease', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized trial was organized to compare the effectiveness of general and regional anesthesia for cesarean section (C/S). METHOD: Three hundred and forty-one @entity1 were randomized into the general anesthesia group (GA), epidural anesthesia group (EA) and spinal anesthesia group (SA). The effectiveness of interest was success rate, @entity190 and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULT: We found that the success rates of EA and SA were lower than GA. Success in EA should be improved by using an epidural catheter to add more local anesthetic drug instead of a single shot; and the surgeon should allow more time for the block to work adequately. Success in SA should be improved by using @entity1341 instead of @entity3303 . GA resulted in significantly more @entity190 , lower postoperative hematocrit, and higher proportion of @entity1 who had postoperative hematocrit < 30 per cent than EA and SA. The @entity1 ' satisfaction scores were not different among the 3 techniques. This meant that, given adequate explanation and perioperative care, Thai @entity1 were satisfied with regional anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Regional anesthesia is a better choice of anesthesia for C/S than general anesthesia. However, the availability of different techniques and ability to change the technique when needed were very useful and important. If GA is chosen, all safety procedures must be followed. @entity26 supplement and endotracheal intubation facilities must be available in all techniques. Guidelines of anesthesia for C/S at a national level should be agreed upon, including the type of personnel, monitoring equipment and postoperative care.

title: Comparison of general and regional anesthesia for cesarean section: success rate, XXXX and satisfaction from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: Fescue @entity8956 in livestock is due to ingestion of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) -infected @entity18959 . Understanding mechanisms responsible for decreased calving and growth rates, delayed onset of puberty, and impaired function of corpora lutea in heifers at puberty consuming endophyte-infected fescue is an emerging field in reproductive toxicology. The condition decreases overall productivity through a reduction in reproductive efficiency, reduced @entity1017 , and lowered milk production. Reproduction in @entity291 may be further compromised by winter coat retention, increased susceptibility to high environmental temperatures, and light intolerance. Endocrine effects in steers associated with infected @entity18959 include reduced prolactin and @entity2493 secretions and altered neurotransmitter metabolism in the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and pineal glands. Ewes have decreased prolactin and lengthened intervals from introduction of the ram until conception. The endophyte induces @entity1162 , thickened placentas, large, weak foals, @entity1266 , and agalactia in pregnant mares. Ergot peptide alkaloids, produced by the endophyte, are suggested as the primary cause of fescue @entity8956 . These compounds reduce prolactin, increase body temperatures, and have powerful vasoconstrictive effects. Neurohormonal imbalances of prolactin and @entity2493 , with restricted blood flow to internal organs, may be the principal causes of aberrant reproduction, growth, and maturation in livestock consuming endophyte-infected @entity18959 .

title: Effects of fescue XXXX on reproduction in livestock.

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gains']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged gestation']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity8956 :: (MESH:C565846,Disease) :: ['toxicosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: During @entity19 retina maturation, the final number of @entity2479 cells (RGCs) is determined by highly regulated programmed cell death. Previous studies demonstrated that the immunoregulatory receptor programmed cell death-1 ( @entity17797 ) promotes developmental RGC death. To identify the functional signaling partner(s) for @entity17797 , we identified retinal expression of @entity17797 ligands and examined the effect of @entity17797 ligand expression on RGC number. We also explored the hypothesis that @entity17797 signaling promotes the development of functional visual circuitry. METHODS: Characterization of retinal and brain programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 ( @entity26327 ) expression were examined by immunofluorescence on tissue sections. The contribution of PD-ligands, @entity26327 , and @entity26328 ( @entity26328 ) to RGC number was examined in PD-ligand knockout @entity19 lacking 1 or both ligands. Retinal architecture was assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and retinal function was analyzed by electroretinography in wild-type and @entity26327 /L2 double-deficient @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity26327 expression is found throughout the neonatal retina and persists in adult RGCs, bipolar interneurons, and M  ller glia. In the absence of both PD-ligands, there is a significant numerical increase in RGCs (34% at postnatal day 2 [P2] and 18% in adult), as compared to wild type, and PD-ligands have redundant function in this process. Despite the increased RGC number, adult @entity26327 /L2 double-knockout @entity19 have normal retinal architecture and outer retina function. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity26327 and @entity26328 together impact the final number of RGCs in adult @entity19 and supports a novel role for active promotion of neuronal cell death through @entity17797 receptor-ligand engagement.

title: Neuronal programmed cell death-1 ligand expression regulates @entity2479 cell number in neonatal and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Most pesticides, herbicides and other plant treatment agents are applied to the crop surface. Direct mass spectrometric methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), offer new ways to analyze plant samples directly and rapidly. A strategy for the development and optimization of a DESI method for the direct determination of chemicals on complex surfaces is described. @entity14460 (CP) was applied to @entity415 surfaces as an example for a crop protection agent and analyzed using a self-made DESI source. Aspects such as instrument selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility were investigated. The @entity15 (4) fragmentation pattern of CP was analyzed to achieve the necessary detection selectivity, and is discussed in detail. Similar fragmentation was found in the ESI and DESI mass spectra, indicating that the mechanisms of ESI and DESI are closely related. A DESI method for semi-quantification of CP on @entity415 was developed. Detection limits of 6.5     g/kg were found using @entity15 / @entity15 . The reproducibility, in the range of 12% (signal variation), appears to be sufficient for semi-quantitative measurements.

title: Direct detection of XXXX on @entity415 skin using desorption electrospray ionization.

entities_list: @entity14460 :: ('MESH:D002748', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpropham']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potatoes', 'potato']

answer: @entity14460 :: (MESH:D002748,Chemical) :: ['chlorpropham']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity132 is common following @entity64 and can exacerbate functional deficits, even in @entity1 with relatively good motor function. In particular, @entity393 in severe @entity393 impairs manipulation capability. We hypothesized that task-oriented training with sensory feedback assistance would improve manipulation capability even without sensory pathway recovery. METHODS: We developed a system that provides sensory feedback by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( @entity9565 ) for @entity1 with @entity393 , and investigated the feasibility of the system in a @entity64 @entity1 with severe @entity1109 and mild @entity51 . The electrical current was modulated by the force exerted by the fingertips so as to allow the @entity1 to identify the intensity. The @entity1 had severe @entity393 due to a right thalamic @entity548 suffered 27  months prior to participation in the study. The @entity1 first practiced a cylindrical grasp task with @entity9565 for 1  hour daily over 29  days. Pressure information from the affected thumb was fed back to the unaffected shoulder. The same @entity1 practiced a tip pinch task with @entity9565 for 1  hour daily over 4  days. Pressure information from the affected thumb and index finger was fed back to the unaffected and affected shoulders, respectively. We assessed the feasibility of @entity9565 and examined the improvement of manipulation capability after training with @entity9565 . RESULTS: The fluctuation in fingertip force during the cylindrical grasp task gradually decreased as the training progressed. The @entity1 was able to maintain a stable grip force after training, even without @entity9565 . Pressure exerted by the tip pinch of the affected hand was unstable before intervention with @entity9565 compared with that of the unaffected hand. However, they were similar to each other immediately after @entity9565 was initiated, suggesting that the somatosensory information improved tip pinch performance. The @entity1 's manipulation capability assessed by the Box and Block Test score improved through @entity9565 intervention and was partly maintained after @entity9565 was removed, until at least 7  months after the intervention. The sensory test score, however, showed no recovery after intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the proposed system would be useful in the rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity393 .

title: A pilot study of sensory feedback by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to improve manipulation deficit caused by severe XXXX after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory loss', 'loss of appropriate sensory feedback']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['sensory loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify a cohort of @entity1 under our care who have had significant and in some cases irreparable damage to their bladders after @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) instillation. To highlight the importance of avoidance and recognition of bladder perforations during transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) and explore the issue of consent regarding @entity1139 given the serious complications that may occur after its instillation. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 referred to our tertiary centre for a second opinion to manage their complications after a suspected @entity1139 leak was identified from the departmental database between January 2000 and December 2010. After collection of all the records, we established a cohort of six @entity1 . All @entity1 had their initial @entity5 resection elsewhere and were referred for specialist management thereafter. Details of the operating surgeon and cystoscopic findings were known only in half of the cases. Retrospective analysis of their notes including documentation from the referring centre was undertaken. This included a review of all the histology and imaging. RESULTS: All @entity1 had immediate severe @entity2371 on instillation of the @entity1139 . Four of the six continue to have chronic @entity2371 . Two @entity1 had urinary retention and three had severe lower urinary tract symptoms. One @entity1 developed a frozen pelvis. Initial treatment was with an indwelling catheter for a period of 2-52 weeks to aid healing. Two @entity1 had reconstructive surgery, one with success and the other with failure, as an intestinal patch failed to close the @entity292 and he continues with a catheter. One @entity1 had an ileal conduit. No @entity1 was warned of such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, prophylactic @entity1139 can have devastating consequences. @entity1 should be aware of such major risks. Strong emphasis should be placed on the quality of the initial TURBT coupled with the judgement of an experienced surgeon before to @entity1139 instillation. The real clinical benefit could be reviewed and intravesical @entity1139 offered only to @entity1 who have a good chance of benefit.

title: Destruction of the bladder by single dose @entity1138 for XXXX (TCC)--avoidance, recognition, management and consent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low-stage transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this prospective study was to monitor the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the lumbar spine and contralateral femoral neck in the first year following an @entity170 -related @entity174 of the hip. Eighty-three elderly @entity1 (mean age 77 years) who had sustained a @entity173 had determinations of @entity79 made at the time of @entity174 ; 49 of these @entity1 were available for reassessment of @entity79 1 year later. The change in @entity79 was correlated with pre- and postinjury variables, such as ambulatory ability, dietary intake of @entity460 , serum @entity560 levels, mental status, and routine serologies. The mean decrease in @entity79 in the year following @entity174 was 5.4% from the contralateral femoral neck and 2.4% from the lumbar spine. @entity460 intake correlated with the loss of @entity79 from the femoral neck (p = 0.015), but not the lumbar spine. @entity1 with daily @entity460 intakes of less than 500 mg/day had a more than 10% decrease in femoral neck @entity79 in the year following their @entity173 . Serum @entity10692 level correlated with loss of MBD from the lumbar spine (p = 0.001), but not from the femoral neck. There was no correlation between the loss of bone mineral from either measurement site and age, sex, level of ambulation, or mental status. The loss of @entity79 from the femoral neck in the year following a @entity173 is more than five times that reported in the nonfractured population. This accelerated rate of loss can have drastic consequences in an elderly population already exhibiting @entity2331 and propensity to fall. Investigation of pharmacologic or other interventions in the first critical year following a @entity173 may potentially blunt this accelerated rate of @entity604 and lessen the risk of subsequent @entity174 .

title: Accelerated bone mineral loss following a XXXX : a prospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a free Achilles tendon allograft using either a transtibial or an anteromedial portal technique and then to quantify the difference in femoral tunnel position between these 2 approaches. This assessment was to be performed with a new method using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a digital imaging system. METHODS: In this prospective randomized comparative study, 53 young male @entity1 with @entity6151 underwent ACL reconstruction with the transtibial technique (group 1) or the anteromedial portal technique (group 2). We assessed clinical outcomes with the Lachman test, pivot shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) classification, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, and single leg hop (SLH) test. Radiologic assessments included the position of the femoral tunnel aperture and the @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) index on conventional MRI and the side-to-side difference (SSD) on stress radiographs. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 had follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 30.2 months. At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in results from the Lachman test, pivot shift test, IKDC classification, Tegner activity scale, and SLH test. The Lysholm score and SSD results in group 2 were superior to those in group 1 (P < .001). The femoral tunnel aperture was positioned more posteriorly in group 2 than in group 1 (P < .001). Changes in the @entity3057 index were greater in group 1 than in group 2 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The position of the femoral tunnel aperture created with the anteromedial portal technique was more posterior than that made with the transtibial technique. Knees reconstructed with the anteromedial portal technique were more stable in Telos testing, and were 3 points higher on the Lysholm score. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the Tegner activity scale or IKDC classification between the 2 groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level I, randomized controlled clinical trial.

title: Femoral tunnel position on conventional magnetic resonance imaging after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in young XXXX : transtibial technique versus anteromedial portal technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cruciate ligament', 'PCL']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Performing unlearned unimanual tasks when simultaneously carrying out another task with the contralateral hand is known to be difficult. The dual task interference theory predicts that reaction time will be delayed if the investigated task is performed in the course of ongoing @entity910 . Ballistic movements can be performed at maximal speed in simple reaction time (SRT) experiments when subjects have adequately prepared the motor system needed for movement execution. When fully prepared, activation of subcortical motor pathways by a @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ) triggers the whole reaction. In this study, we have examined dual task interference with reaction time in eight healthy volunteers. They were presented with a visual imperative signal to perform unilateral SRT either in a baseline condition (control trials) or while carrying out contralateral @entity1021 (test trials). A @entity2167 was introduced in 25% of the trials in both conditions. SRT was significantly delayed in the interference test trial when compared to control trials either with or without @entity2167 (P<0.001). Control and test trials with @entity2167 were significantly faster than those without @entity2167 in both conditions (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the percentage SRT shortening induced by @entity2167 or in the percentage SRT delay observed in the test trials. Our results suggest that performing @entity1021 with one limb slows SRT in the contralateral limb and that this effect is likely related to motor preparation changes. The effect described here can be of interest for physiological studies of interlimb coordination and the mechanisms underlying the dual task interference phenomenon.

title: Unilateral reaction time task is delayed during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmic oscillatory movements']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral movements']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['SAS', 'startling auditory stimulus']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['contralateral movements']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the feasibility of @entity8658 of out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 for basic life-support providers ( @entity958 -D) in a two-tier emergency system in the city of Munich, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive analysis of all @entity958 -D attempts during a 5-year initiation phase (1990 to 1994) and prospective follow-up of all @entity1167 survivors discharged from hospital. SETTING: A strictly defined inner-city and suburban area of 978 km2 and a residential population of 1,530,000 inhabitants with 22 ICUs in urban hospitals. One dispatching center to alert a two-tier emergency system with 56 @entity958 -D-staffed ambulances and physician-staffed mobile ICUs stationed at the nearest of nine hospitals. METHODS: AH @entity958 -D cases were identified and data on @entity1 were documented in a standardized manner from @entity1 ' records, including the resuscitation protocol in the hospitals to which the @entity1 were referred. For those @entity1 discharged from the hospital, a standardized telephone interview was undertaken with the physician in charge of the @entity1 and with the @entity1 /relative leading to an assessment of the @entity1 's status according to the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories. INTERVENTION: None. RESULTS: During the 5-year initiation phase of the @entity958 -D program in the two-tier emergency system in Munich, there were 243 resuscitation attempts by EMTs, using the semiautomated defibrillator; 125 @entity1 died immediately on the scene. In 118 @entity1 , spontaneous circulation was reestablished and these @entity1 were admitted to an ICU in 1 of the 22 urban hospitals. Median call-response interval for the @entity958 -D was 5 min (interquartile range, 3 to 6) and was 10 min (interquartile range, 7 to 13) for the second tier (p < or = 0.0001). In 34 cases (28.8%), @entity958 -D staff had reestablished spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before the second tier arrived on the scene. @entity1 with ROSC on the arrival of the second tier were more frequently discharged alive from hospital than were @entity1 without ROSC at that time (p < or = 0.0001). The hospital discharge rate of initially successful resuscitated @entity1 presenting with out-of-hospital @entity2224 was 38.1% (45/118). Overall success rate of all @entity958 -D attempts was 18.5% (45/243). After a mean follow-up time of 39 (range, 22 to 64) months, 29 (66%) @entity1 were still living. Twenty-five (56.8%) were neurologically not disabled or mildly disabled (CPC 1/2); disability was moderate in 3 (6.8%) @entity1 and was severe in 1 (2.3%) @entity1 . One case was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the upgrading of basic life support providers with semiautomated defibrillators has a significant benefit for @entity1167 victims outside the hospital in an urban environment.

title: Effects of XXXX by ambulance personnel on short- and long-term outcome of @entity1167 survival: the Munich experiment.

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['implementing early defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity8658 :: (MESH:C580055,Disease) :: ['early defibrillation']


abstract: An approximately 4.2 kbp region encoding 23S and 5S rRNA genes was identified when recombinant plasmid DNAs from two genomic DNA libraries and an inverse PCR product of @entity40140 @entity40141 isolate were analyzed. Full-length genes of 23S rRNA (3,225 bp) and 5S rRNA (117 bp) of @entity40140 are described. The present sequence analysis identified a non-coding hypothetically intrinsic transcription terminator region downstream of the 5S rRNA gene. The sequence, however, downstream of the 5S rRNA gene did not show any distal tRNA genes. Surprisingly, an intervening sequence (IVS) of 270 bp in length, including two specific tandem repeat units of 80 bp and one partial unit of 48 bp with unknown functions was identified in the first quarter of the 23S rRNA gene sequence. A second IVS of 70 bp in length was also identified in the central region of the 23S rRNA gene. In addition, by using PCR and sequencing procedures, two @entity40140 isolates, @entity40141 and UK-2, carried multiple IVSs in the first quarter and central regions. Moreover, the 23S rRNA fragmentation occurred in the @entity40141 isolate. A phylogenetic analysis was first carried out based on the 23S rRNA sequence data from @entity40140 @entity40141 and 13 other @entity5357 . This is the first report of IVSs in the 23S rRNA gene from the @entity5357 .

title: Molecular characterization of the full-length 23S and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-Proteobacteria']

entities_list: @entity40140 :: ('84590', 'Species') :: ['Taylorella asinigenitalis', 'T. asinigenitalis']

answer: @entity40140 :: (84590,Species) :: ['Taylorella asinigenitalis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE The clinical significance of cerebral ultra-early angiographic @entity2553 (UEAV), defined as cerebral arterial narrowing within the first 48 hours of @entity510 ( @entity510 ), remains poorly characterized. The authors sought to determine its frequency, predictors, and impact on functional outcome. METHODS The authors prospectively studied UEAV in a cohort of 1286 consecutively admitted @entity1 with @entity510 between August 1996 and June 2013. Admission clinical, radiographic, and acute clinical course information was documented during @entity1 hospitalization. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were generated to assess predictors of UEAV and its relationship to @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) and outcome. Multiple imputation methods were used to address data lost to follow-up. RESULTS The cohort incidence rate of UEAV was 4.6%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age, sentinel bleed, and poor admission clinical grade were significantly associated with UEAV. @entity1 with UEAV had a 2-fold increased risk of @entity2806 (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.9, p = 0.002) and @entity385 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9, p = 0.04), after adjusting for known predictors. Excluding @entity1 who experienced sentinel @entity548 did not change this effect. @entity1 with UEAV also had a significantly higher hazard for @entity2806 in a multivariable model. UEAV was not found to be significantly associated with poor functional outcome (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.6, p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS UEAV may be less frequent than has been reported previously. @entity1 who exhibit UEAV are at higher risk for refractory @entity2806 that results in @entity385 . These @entity1 may benefit from earlier monitoring for signs of @entity2806 and more aggressive treatment. Further study is needed to determine the long-term functional significance of UEAV.

title: Ultra-early angiographic @entity2553 associated with XXXX and infarction following @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['DCI', 'delayed cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['delayed cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection (E-TCPC) is widely performed for single ventricle palliation, yet there is little experience with catheter ablation in this population. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that @entity591 substrates after primary E-TCPC would be similar to those in other forms of @entity299 , and that catheter ablation could be performed effectively using a primarily transconduit approach. METHODS: Catheter ablation characteristics of E-TCPC @entity1 from 9 centers were collected. Acute procedural success was defined as elimination of all sustained supraventricular @entity591 (SVA). Procedural complications, acute success, and recurrences were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-six catheter ablation procedures were performed in 36 @entity1 . Access to the atrium was by transconduit puncture in 63%. The most common SVA mechanism was intra-atrial reentrant @entity591 (IART) (58%); and for all @entity1 with primary E-TCPC and IART, an isthmus between the AV valve annulus and the over-sewn inferior vena cava was critical for maintenance of @entity591 . Overall, acute success was achieved in 83%. There were 8 complications with only one requiring intervention (epicardial pacemaker) and none related to conduit puncture. Recurrence after the final procedure was 17% over a median follow-up of 0.4 years (IQR 0.1 - 1.5 years). CONCLUSION: Catheter ablation could be performed effectively in this group of E-TCPC @entity1 , and the underlying IART substrate after primary E-TCPC appears to be reproducible. Catheter ablation may be a reasonable alternative to long term antiarrhythmic therapy in this @entity1 group.

title: Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular XXXX after Extracardiac Fontan Surgery.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: This paper traces the development of knowledge concerning early lesions of @entity731 and the relationship to risk factors in @entity1 , youth, and young adults. Autopsy studies have shown that @entity731 begins in childhood with the appearance of aortic @entity1856 . Aortic @entity1856 of some degree are present in practically all individuals from every @entity1 population. Coronary @entity1856 begin to form in adolescence. Most @entity1 20-29 years of age have coronary @entity1856 of some degree, regardless of sex, race, or national origin. While fatty streaking is clinically harmless and potentially reversible, progression to @entity82 and more @entity1442 often leads to a critical stage of @entity731 in which clinical disease develops. Development of @entity82 begins in the 20s. The most recent studies of @entity731 in youth and young adults provide additional details to establish the relationship of these lesions to serum lipids and lipoproteins and other identified risk factors for @entity731 and @entity301 in adults. One report shows that microscopic counterparts of @entity1856 occur in the left anterior descending coronary artery in the majority of @entity1 10-14 years of age. Over 5% have more advanced microscopic lesions at this age. Autopsy studies of youth have shown that serum total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels are strongly related to aortic @entity1856 and the very-low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels are positively correlated to @entity453 . Finally, a definitive report indicates that serum lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations and smoking are important determinants of the early stages of @entity731 in adolescents and young adults.

title: Early lesions of XXXX in childhood and youth: natural history and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaques']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreas transplants are still associated with the highest surgical complication rate of all routinely performed solid organ transplants. To date, the impact of serious surgical complications in the @entity205 era on perioperative @entity1 morbidity, graft and @entity1 survival, and hospital costs has not been analyzed in detail. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively studied surgical complications after 445 consecutive pancreas transplants (45% simultaneous pancreas-kidney [SPK], 24% pancreas after kidney [PAK], and 31% pancreas transplant alone [ @entity865 ]). Of these, 80% were primary transplants, 20% were retransplants. Cadaver donors were used in 92%, living related donors in 8%. To develop guidelines for their prevention and management, we studied the impact of significant surgical complications ( @entity1320 , vascular graft @entity715 , and @entity834 ) requiring relaparotomy on graft and @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Relaparotomy was required after 32% of all pancreas transplants (SPK: 36%, PAK: 25%, @entity865 : 16% [p = 0.04]). Perioperative mortality was 9%. Graft and @entity1 survival rates were significantly lower for recipients with (versus without) relaparotomy. The most common procedures were @entity6177 with graft necrosectomy (50% of all relaparotomies) and transplant pancreatectomy (34%). The most common causes of relaparotomy were @entity1320 , vascular graft @entity715 , and @entity834 . @entity1320 occurred in 20% (SPK: 18%, PAK: 24%, @entity865 : 20% [p = NS]). The rate was significantly higher for living related donor (42%) versus cadaver donor (18%) recipients and for those with enteric-drained (39%) versus bladder-drained (18%) transplants. Graft and @entity1 survival rates were significantly lower for recipients with (versus without) @entity1320 . Outcome was @entity2348 . For SPK recipients, those not on dialysis before the transplant had significantly higher graft survival than those on dialysis. Vascular graft @entity715 occurred in 12% of all recipients. The rate was significantly higher for PAK (21%) than for @entity865 (10%) and SPK (9%) recipients. It was significantly lower for recipients of grafts with donor iliac Y-graft reconstruction (versus all other types of arterial reconstruction) and with right-sided (versus left-sided) graft placement. Of note, @entity1 survival was not different for recipients with versus without vascular graft @entity715 . The incidence of @entity834 was 10%; of these recipients, 70% required relaparotomy. @entity1 and graft survival rates were no different for recipients with versus without leaks. CONCLUSIONS: Serious surgical complications occurred in 35% of pancreas recipients and had a significant impact on @entity1 and graft survival. Based on multivariate risk factor analyses, we recommend the following: donors over 45 years and those dying of @entity66 should not be used; recipients over 45 years and those with a history of @entity299 should be considered for a kidney transplant alone (KTA); surgical technique for graft procurement, preparation, and implantation should be meticulous; right-sided implantation and arterial Y-graft reconstruction should be performed when possible, since they had the highest success rates; when complications require relaparotomy, the focus must switch from graft salvage to life preservation; and the threshold for pancreatectomy should be low. Diagnosis should be timely, and treatment and relaparotomy expeditious. These cornerstones of success should help decrease the risk of surgical complications and mortality after pancreas transplants.

title: The surgical risk of pancreas transplantation in the XXXX era: an overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic or duodenal stump leaks']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrocardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['better after bacterial (versus fungal) infections']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection', 'intra-abdominal infections', 'Intra-abdominal infection']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: In 396 of 423 (93.6%) @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity453 participating in a coronary angiographic follow-up trial, diameters of the epicardial coronary arteries were measured with an automatic contour detection system (CAAS). The underlying INTACT study (International @entity594 Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy), a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind multicenter trial, investigates the influence of the @entity460 antagonist @entity594 (80 mg/day) on the progression of @entity453 over a three-year interval. The study is based on coronary angiograms repeated in identical projections after premedication with 10 mg @entity3763 sublingually. For quantitative analysis the coronary artery system was, in consideration of all anatomical variations, subdivided into 25 segments. In the first angiograms of the 396 @entity1 evaluated up to April 1, 1988, altogether 5,425 different coronary segments could be analyzed over their entire length in one or more angiographic projections--on the average 13.7 +/- 2.8 segments per @entity1 . Analysis parameters were the mean diameters of the entire segments and of the individual subsegments (about 5 mm in length). The 10 major proximal segments could be evaluated in 76-94% of @entity1 respectively in more than two different angiographic projections on the average; in 0-13% of @entity1 the respective segments were occluded. In 1-4% of @entity1 the evaluation of these segments was prevented by poor film quality and in 1-16% of @entity1 prevented by anatomical abnormalities (e.g., segment too short or too small). 184 segments were found occluded (RCA 42%, LAD 30%, CX 28%) and 909 mostly low-grade to moderate stenoses (RCA 34%, @entity37639 %, LAD 30%, left main 4%) were analyzed with a special algorithm. The following obstruction parameters were derived: minimal diameter, percentage severity, length, and plaque area. The present data demonstrate that in an angiographical multicenter follow-up study such as INTACT a nearly complete quantitative morphometric analysis of the visualized coronary artery system can indeed be obtained in virtually all angiograms when a computer-assisted contour detection system is applied.

title: [Computer-assisted geometric measuring technic in coronary angiography interval studies: results of initial angiograms of the International XXXX Trial of Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy (INTACT) study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['Nifedipine']


abstract: One of the first changes that take place within the artery intima at the inception of @entity731 is the accumulation of LDL-derived modified lipoproteins which appear as subendothelial lipid droplets and vesicles. With time, the LDL retention and interaction with intimal chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycans may induce further structural and functional modification of the lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to produce 'in vitro' modified lipoproteins by LDL incubation with @entity12006 (CS, at 37 degrees C, for 48 h, in the absence of antioxidants) and to test their effects on cultured @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). CS induced LDL modification (CS-mLDL) consisted in formation of a mixture of fused particles (up to 150 nm diameter) and monomers with a small content of lipid @entity2627 and a partially degraded @entity755 , corresponding to a mild oxidation. Upon incubation with SMCs, CS-mLDL produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of @entity665 incorporation, that, at low concentration (25 microg/ml), was 2-3-fold higher than that obtained when native LDL was used; this increase correlates well with the level of CS-mLDL uptake at the same concentration. Besides the mitogenic effect, CS-mLDL induced a significant stimulation of SMCs migration, comparable with that reported for oxidized LDL. Upon incubation with CS-mLDL, SMCs accumulated lipid droplets of various number and dimension, as revealed by Nile red staining and electron microscopy. Competition studies performed in the presence of 20-fold excess of native LDL and acetyl LDL showed that 125I-CS-mLDL were taken up both by LDL receptor and scavenger receptor. At high concentration (200 microg/ml), CS-mLDL had a cytotoxic effect that was not significantly different from that of native LDL. Together these results provide evidence of (i) the direct alteration produced by CS on LDL and (ii) the effect of CS-mLDL on SMCs migration, proliferation and transformation in lipid-laden cells, events that are crucial in the development of fibro-muscular @entity731 .

title: The effects of low density lipoproteins modified by incubation with @entity12006 on XXXX aortic smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin 6-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhalational anesthetics are neuroprotective in @entity35 models of @entity63 . To determine whether @entity5161 at a clinically relevant concentration is neuroprotective in a @entity235 model of @entity1167 , we measured neurologic function and hippocampal @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) content 20 h after @entity1167 . METHODS: We tested the neuroprotective effect of 30 min of 1.5% @entity5161 exposure before 8 min of @entity63 induced with @entity2224 . Animals were randomized to four groups: control, @entity5161 -control, @entity63 , and @entity5161 - @entity63 . After resuscitation and 20 h of intensive care, each animal's neurologic deficit score was determined by two blinded evaluators. The hippocampal content of CaMKII, determined by immunoblotting, was measured by an individual blinded to the treatment groups. CaMKII activity was measured in samples from the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of animals in each group. RESULTS: @entity5161 - @entity63 animals had a median neurologic deficit score of 22.6% compared with 43.8% for the @entity63 animals (P < 0.05). Hippocampal levels of the beta-subunit of CaMKII (CaMKIIbeta) were relatively preserved in @entity5161 - @entity63 animals (68 +/- 4% of control) compared with @entity63 animals (48 +/- 2% of control; P < 0.001), although both groups were statistically significantly lower than control (P < 0. 001 @entity63 vs. control and P < 0.05 @entity5161 - @entity63 vs. control). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5161 is an effective neuroprotective drug in a @entity235 @entity1167 model in terms of both functional and biochemical criteria.

title: XXXX pretreatment ameliorates postischemic neurologic dysfunction and preserves hippocampal @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in a @entity235 @entity1167 model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['global ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['Isoflurane']


abstract: @entity43 in early progression (<6 months) (AOCEP) is considered resistant to most cytotoxic drugs. @entity136 (GE) and @entity901 ( @entity15114 ) have shown single-agent activity in relapsed @entity43 . Their combination was tested in @entity1 with AOCEP in phase II study. Fifty @entity1 pre-treated with @entity902 - @entity3907 received q3w administration of @entity15114 (100 mg m(-2), d1) and GE (1000 mg m(-2), d1, d8, 100-min infusion). @entity1 characteristics were a : median age 64 years (range 46-79),and 1 (84%) or 2 (16%) earlier lines of treatment. @entity137 included grade 3-4 neutropaenia (33%), @entity417 (8%), and thrombocytopaenia (19%). Febrile neutropaenia occurred in 3%. Non-haematological @entity137 included grade 2-3 @entity390 or @entity391 (34%), grade 3 fatigue (25%),and grade 2 @entity1665 (24%). Eighteen (37%) @entity1 experienced response. Median progression-free (PF) and overall survivals (OS) were 4.6 and 11.4 months, respectively. The @entity15114 -GE combination has high activity and acceptable @entity137 in AOCEP @entity1 . A comparison of the doublet @entity15114 -GE with single-agent treatment is warranted.

title: @entity136 - @entity901 combination for @entity43 resistant to @entity3907 - XXXX treatment: a phase II study from the GINECO group.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is a clinical syndrome characterised by elevated serum total @entity165 levels due to an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , by @entity924 and clinical manifestations of @entity299 in early life. Typically, it results from mutations in the @entity754 ( @entity754 ) gene. So far, over 600 mutations have been reported for the @entity754 gene and account for @entity4310 . The nature of @entity754 gene mutations is different in various ethnicities and has also regional distribution within each ethnicity. Eleven mutations have already been described in the Greek population. This report describes seven @entity754 gene mutations accounting for @entity4310 in Northwestern Greece ( @entity43291 , @entity43292 , @entity43293 , @entity43294 , @entity43295 , @entity43296 and @entity43297 ) and their geographic distribution. We have recently described one of these mutations ( @entity43295 ) as a novel point mutation in a Greek family originating from Northwestern Greece. Furthermore, two previously identified mutations ( @entity43298 , @entity43297 ) were also detected in the Greek @entity4310 @entity1 for the first time. The @entity43297 mutation was responsible for all the homozygous @entity1 in our area, indicating a founder effect. These data will favor the development of tailed information and screening programs in Northwestern Greece for the primary prevention of @entity65 in @entity4310 @entity1 .

title: Characterization and geographic distribution of the XXXX ( @entity754 ) gene mutations in northwestern Greece.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'Familial Hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon xanthomata']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A systematic review was undertaken to establish risk factors for the development of @entity85 ( @entity85 ) among farmers. METHODS: Comprehensive electronic searches of Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Agris Database, and Cochrane Library were carried out using a battery of key words for @entity85 and farmers. The studies methods quality was assessed using a standardized checklist. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median method score was 65% of the maximum attainable score, resulting in 15 studies of higher methodological. Risks were categorized into: Work characteristics (n   =   11), personal characteristics (n   =   5), and psychosocial factors (n   =   5). Spinal @entity11159 risk factors include exposure to working in tree crops, vibration, postural load, being an owner operator, age, education beyond high school, suffering from @entity565 or @entity308 , having <8   hr nightly sleep, bad quality sleep, and geographic location. Upper extremity @entity11159 risk factors include being an owner operator, dust with @entity1707 workers, @entity1183 and @entity5032 in younger milkers and @entity1183 in milkers >43 years, age, and body height in dairy farmers. Lower extremity @entity11159 risk factors include, duration of farming >= 10 years, working >5   hr daily in animal barns, milking >40 @entity291 , years as a dairy farmer, farm work, age, body mass, and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: In exploring risk factors the spine was the most researched body region, followed by lower and upper extremity. Given the variance between studies, it is recommended that future studies focus on specific types of farmers and should explore specific exposures for specific body parts using standardized case definitions.

title: Risk factors for XXXX among farm owners and farm workers: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Associations between torsion of the lower limb and @entity626 ( @entity571 ) appear to be inconsistent across populations. We examined whether femoral and tibiofibular torsion differed between @entity1 with and without knee @entity571 (main effect), and whether the differences were consistent across Japanese and Australian Caucasian @entity1 , and between @entity1 and @entity1 (interaction effect). METHODS: Data collection was conducted in Japan and Australia. Subjects with knee @entity571 included 100 Japanese and 102 Australian Caucasians, and healthy subjects included 52 Japanese and 34 Australian Caucasians. Femoral and tibiofibular torsion were measured using reliable clinical techniques. Three-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine the main and interaction effects. RESULTS: While there were no significant differences in femoral and tibiofibular torsion between the subjects with and without knee @entity571 as a whole (main effect), there were significant interactions (p < 0.05). Femoral antetorsion was lower only in the female subjects with knee @entity571 compared with their healthy counterparts (p < 0.05). Tibiofibular torsion was lower only in the Japanese subjects with knee @entity571 compared with their healthy counterparts (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There may be ethnic and sex variations in the relationship between torsion of the lower limb and knee @entity571 ; and lower tibiofibular torsion can be a characteristic in a Japanese population with the disease. Longitudinal study is warranted to examine relationships between these variables and knee @entity571 in a population-specific manner to determine whether the observed relationships express cause or effect.

title: Variations in torsion of the lower limb in Japanese and Caucasians with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2704 affects predominantly @entity1 . Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that @entity28 is a risk factor for @entity2704 and this association is influenced by sex. However, the biological basis for this bias is unclear. To address this issue, we assessed light avoidant behavior, a surrogate of @entity3917 , in female C57BL/6J @entity19 fed regular diet (RD) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat). We first assessed sex differences in basal @entity3917 in 20-25 week old @entity19 and found that both @entity28 and lean females spent significantly less time in light than their male counterparts. Next, we assessed @entity3917 evoked by trigeminal stimulation with intradermal @entity2951 . Females at 20-25 weeks of age did not display @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior unless they had diet-induced @entity28 . When we tested 8-11 week old females to determine if the diet alone could be responsible for this effect, we found that both HFD and RD 8-11 week old females exhibit @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior. This is in contrast to what we have previously shown in males and indicates a sex difference in the photophobic behavior of @entity19 . Comparison of 20-25 week old RD @entity19 with 8-11 week old RD @entity19 suggests that age or age-related @entity1017 may contribute to @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior in males, but not in females. These findings suggest that @entity28 exacerbates @entity3917 in both sexes, but additional work is needed to understand the sex- and age-specific mechanisms that may contribute to @entity3917 and @entity158 .

title: Female sex and XXXX increase photophobic behavior in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal pain']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1664 , @entity1665 semiuniversalis and @entity1665 areata were studied for their immune parameters. Fourteen of them received an oral treatment with @entity14222 , a synthetic immunomodulator. Ten @entity1 showed the presence of several autoantibodies. No significant @entity854 cell rosette markers were found, but T4/T8 ratios tended to be elevated. Erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosettes were usually decreased. Treatment with @entity14222 produced a clinical response, as judged by total or partial hair growth, in nine of the fourteen @entity1 treated. It was striking to observe that seven of the nine responders had autoantibodies prior to treatment. These autoantibodies disappeared or decreased with @entity14222 therapy. In contrast, only one of five nonresponders had serum autoantibodies. After treatment, both groups showed an increase in blood-active T rosettes. These results suggest that @entity1665 is a heterogeneous disease subdivided by the presence or absence of autoantibodies since clinical response was mainly obtained in @entity1 presenting autoantibodies.

title: Clinical and immunologic response to @entity14222 in @entity1665 areata and XXXX : association with autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity14222 :: ('MESH:D007542', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprinosine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in various T']

entities_list: @entity1664 :: ('MESH:C537055', 'Disease') :: ['alopecia universalis']

answer: @entity1664 :: (MESH:C537055,Disease) :: ['alopecia universalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Safe and effective @entity282 control remains an issue in complex spine surgery. Spinal narcotics have been used for decades but have not become commonplace because of safety or re-dosing concerns. An extended release epidural @entity1286 (EREM) preparation has been used successfully in obstetric, abdominal, thoracic, and extremity surgery done with epidural anesthesia. This has not been studied in open spinal surgery. METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity1 having complex posterior lumbar surgery were enrolled in a partially randomized clinical trial (PRCT) of low to moderate doses of EREM. Surgery included levels from L3 to S1 with procedures involving combinations of decompression, instrumented arthrodesis, and interbody grafting. The @entity1 were randomized to receive either 10 or 15 mg of EREM through an epidural catheter placed under direct vision at the conclusion of surgery. Multiple safety measures were employed to prevent or detect @entity1576 . @entity282 scores, narcotic utilization, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups as to supplemental narcotic requirements, @entity158 scores, or adverse events. There were no cases of @entity1576 . The epidural narcotic effect persisted from 3 to 36 hours after the injection. CONCLUSION: By utilizing appropriate safety measures, EREM can be used safely for @entity282 control in lumbar surgery @entity1 . As there was no apparent advantage to the use of 15 mg, the lower 10 mg dose should be used.

title: Randomized trial demonstrates that extended-release epidural @entity1286 may provide safe XXXX control for lumbar surgery @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity9932 ( @entity24399 ) are essential sphingolipids of the stratum corneum (SC) that play an important role in maintaining cutaneous barrier function. Skin barrier defects occur in both @entity1 beings and @entity235 affected with @entity483 , and have been associated with decreased @entity24399 concentrations and morphological alterations in the SC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes induced by three different sphingolipid extracts (SPE-1, SPE-2 and SPE-3) on the morphological structure and lipid composition of @entity235 skin, using an in vitro model, whereby keratinocytes were seeded onto fibroblast-embedded collagen type I matrix at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were supplemented with SPE-1, SPE-2, SPE-3 or vehicle (control) for 14 days. The relative concentrations of lipids were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The ultrastructural morphology of samples was examined by transmission electron microscopy. SPE-1 induced significant elevation in total CERs, @entity24399 [NS], @entity24399 [NDS], @entity24399 [NP], @entity24399 [AS], @entity24399 [AP], @entity24399 [EOS] and @entity24399 [EOP] subclasses, whereas SPE-2 induced a significant elevation in total @entity24399 , @entity24399 [AP] and @entity24399 [EOS] compared with control conditions. Ultrastructural analysis revealed an increase in lamellar-lipid structures in the SC of SPE-1-treated samples. The findings demonstrated that SPE-1 stimulates production of CERs, as shown by changes in lipid composition and ultrastructural morphology. Thus, SPE-1 contributes to the formation of a well-organised SC and represents a potential therapeutic target for improving skin barrier function in @entity483 .

title: Effects of sphingolipid extracts on the morphological structure and lipid profile in an in vitro model of XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceramides']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: On average, Americans without health insurance receive fewer health care services than those with insurance. The specific types of services for which the uninsured face access and utilization deficits are not well understood. The authors describe the use of imaging tests in hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ) by nonelderly @entity1 , comparing uninsured, Medicaid, and non-Medicaid insured individuals. METHODS: The main database used was the 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The survey contained 2 fields critical to the study: source of payment and imaging services rendered during the @entity2613 visit. Source of payment was used to sort @entity2613 visit episodes into 3 insurance categories: uninsured, Medicaid, and non-Medicaid insured. Relative value units were assigned to imaging procedures. Imaging procedures were aggregated into 6 modalities. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to compare the number of imaging procedures and associated relative value units across insurance categories. Risk adjustment used the immediacy code, reason for visit, disposition, and demographics. RESULTS: Compared with comparable insured @entity1 , nonelderly uninsured and Medicaid @entity1 received fewer services in the @entity2613 (8% and 10%, respectively, P < .01), even after adjustment for level of acuity. Similar results were found for the value of imaging services received (13% and 19%, respectively, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that insurance status influences how much imaging and the intensity of imaging @entity1 receive. Further research is needed to understand whether insured @entity1 receive unnecessary imaging or if uninsured and Medicaid @entity1 receive too little imaging.

title: Imaging and insurance: do the uninsured get less imaging in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess functional outcomes obtained after surgical management of post-radiation @entity322 after @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHOD: A retrospective review of the data from @entity1 treated in our centre between September 2004 and February 2012 by surgery for @entity130 after prostatic external beam radiation therapy was performed. RESULTS: A total of seven @entity1 with a median age of 70 years    4.1 were included. Mean follow-up was 32.3 months    29 (3-86). All @entity1 underwent a partial cystectomy and augmentation enterocystoplasty. The vesicocutaneous fistula rate was 33% occurring within a mean time of 18.5 days    2.1 (17-20). The mean length of urinary catheter and hospital stay were respectively 16 days    8.4 (12-35) and 18 days    7.8 (13-37). Five @entity1 underwent asynchronous insertion of artificial urinary sphincter. The success rate of partial cystectomy and augmentation enterocystoplasty with asynchronous implantation of artificial urinary sphincter to treat post-radiation @entity322 was 71.5%. The median time between partial cystectomy and augmentation enterocystoplasty and artificial urinary sphincter implantation was 27.6months    26.4 (7-72). CONCLUSION: Surgical management of post-radiation urinary @entity2335 offers good functional outcomes albeit its morbidity is not negligible. It should be proposed only in expert surgical centres.

title: [Last resort surgical management of postradiation urinary @entity2335 after external beam radiation for XXXX : a monocentric analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vesicosphincteric injuries']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tufting @entity7017 ( @entity5115 ), a rare @entity5115 , presents in the first few months of life with chronic watery @entity294 and impaired growth. The molecular basis for this condition is not known. We report our experience with a case of tufting @entity7017 that developed an @entity1141 with an abnormal blood picture. After extensive investigations including repeated @entity344 and biopsies, the diagnosis of tufting @entity7017 was made. During the third year of her life, the @entity1 's height was static. A full skeletal survey was performed and demonstrated features of generalised @entity1141 , some of them consistent with those of @entity37170 . At the age of five years, she developed Coomb's positive @entity417 and @entity882 with a negative auto-antibody screen including anti-enterocyte antibodies. CONCLUSION: There might be generalised matrix (including cartilage matrix protein), basement membrane abnormalities or both. A secondary protein leak might occur in the intestine with autosensitisation and development of @entity792 . More molecular research is needed to identify a possible link.

title: Tufting XXXX : is there a link?

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['congenital enteropathy', 'intestinal epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopies']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity37170 :: ('MESH:C537172', 'Disease') :: ['parastremmatic dwarfism']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune phenomena']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia', 'unusual skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['enteropathy and skeletal dysplasia']