abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with solitary-type @entity600 accompanied by @entity1844 growth (accessory tragus) show not only a disfigured or absent tragus but also unnecessary tragal or pretragal lumps. Furthermore, an absent tragus causes a wholly exposed external auditory canal. MATERIALS: Sixty-five ears (54 @entity1 ) showing @entity600 accompanied by @entity1844 growth were reconstructed from March of 1991 to February of 2014. Reconstructions were reviewed using medical records and photographs, surgical methods were analyzed, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Six kinds of tragal framework fabrication methods were used in the reconstructions: free cartilage grafting (n = 7); cartilage transposition and anchoring (n = 7); cartilage folding and anchoring (n = 46); vascularized chondrocutaneous island flap (n = 4); and costal cartilage grafting (n = 1). Immediate postoperatively, four cases showed congestion of the covered skin. Forty-three @entity1 (78 percent) were followed up for an average period of 15 months. The following were observed: larger tragus (n = 3); flat tragus without peak (n = 2); posterior protrusion of the tragal wall (n = 2); and @entity2805 (n = 1). All cases with a wholly exposed external auditory canal were corrected. The average score of the aesthetic outcomes, rated on a four-point Likert scale (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = excellent), was 3.8 points. CONCLUSIONS: Cartilage and covered skin from the @entity1844 growth provided the best-available tissues for new tragal reconstructions. Different surgical techniques were used in accordance with the severity of the @entity600 encountered. Most techniques provided aesthetically pleasing outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Reconstruction of @entity600 accompanied by XXXX growth (accessory tragus).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['dystopic cartilage']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tragal malformations', 'tragal malformation']

answer: @entity1844 :: (MESH:D002357,Disease) :: ['dystopic cartilage']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) is an @entity792 in which both proliferation and apoptosis are enhanced. @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) protein protects tissues from disease mechanisms that involve excessive cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study investigated whether there is loss of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression in @entity2621 and whether @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) immunoreactivity has any relation to the proliferative indicator Ki-67. Because @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) is regulated through either degradation, mediated by the @entity20127 ( @entity20127 ), or sequestration, via D3 @entity1364 , the expression of these proteins was also investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), Ki-67, @entity20127 , and @entity18923 expression in 19 cases of @entity2621 and in 10 normal thyroids. The results were evaluated by image analysis and reported as labelling indices (LIs) in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) LI was lower in @entity2621 than in normal thyroid (28% v 75%; p < 0.001), whereas Ki-67 (1.13% v 0.13%), @entity20127 (0.74% v 0.15%), and @entity18923 (1.56% v 0.00%) LIs were higher in @entity2621 than in normal thyroids (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) and the expression of Ki-67, @entity20127 , and @entity18923 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) downregulation is not exclusive to @entity5 but occurs also in @entity2621 , independently of the proliferative status and of changes in @entity20127 and @entity18923 expression. Further investigation is required to understand the mechanisms leading to @entity993 deregulation because these observations suggest that the regulation of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) expression in epithelial thyroid cells may play a role in @entity2621 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX protein expression in @entity2621 .

entities_list: @entity20127 :: ('6502', 'Gene') :: ['S phase kinase associated protein 2', 'Skp2']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27 Kip1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To map the location of gross supraclavicular @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity0 , in order to determine areas at highest risk of harboring subclinical disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with axial imaging of gross @entity66 were identified from an institutional @entity0 registry. Locations of the metastatic lymph nodes were transferred onto representative axial computed tomography images of the supraclavicular region and compared with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) @entity0 for radiation therapy planning. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 with 161 supraclavicular nodal @entity3 were eligible for study inclusion. At the time of diagnosis, 117 nodal @entity3 were present in 44 @entity1 . Forty-four nodal @entity3 in 18 @entity1 were detected at disease recurrence, 4 of whom had received prior radiation to the supraclavicular fossa. Of the 161 nodal @entity3 , 95 (59%) were within the RTOG consensus volume, 4 nodal @entity3 (2%) in 3 @entity1 were marginally within the volume, and 62 nodal @entity3 (39%) in 30 @entity1 were outside the volume. @entity66 outside the RTOG consensus volume was located in 3 regions: at the level of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage (superior to the RTOG volume), in the posterolateral supraclavicular fossa (posterolateral to the RTOG volume), and in the lateral low supraclavicular fossa (lateral to the RTOG volume). Only @entity1 with multiple supraclavicular @entity3 had nodal disease that extended superiorly to the level of the thyroid cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with risk of harboring subclinical @entity66 warranting the addition of supraclavicular radiation, coverage of the posterior triangle and the lateral low supraclavicular region should be considered. For @entity1 with known @entity66 , extension of neck coverage superior to the cricoid cartilage may be warranted.

title: Delineation of Supraclavicular Target Volumes in XXXX Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer atlas', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['supraclavicular disease', 'Supraclavicular disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity794 ( @entity16330 ) is problematic for lactating mammals and public health. Understanding of mechanisms by which the hosts respond to severe invasion of @entity16330 remains elusive. In this study, the genome-wide expression of mRNAs and miRNAs in @entity291 mammary gland cells were interrogated at 24 h after intra-mammary infection (IMI) with high or low concentrations of @entity16330 . Compared to the negative control quarters, 194 highly-confident responsive genes were identified in the quarters with high concentration (10(9) cfu/mL) of @entity16330 , which were predominantly implicated in pathways and biological processes pertaining to innate immune system, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and inflammatory response. In contrast, only 21 highly-confident genes were significantly differentially expressed in face of low concentration (10(6) cfu/mL) of @entity16330 , which slightly perturbed the cell signaling and invoked corresponding responses like vasoconstriction, indicating limited perturbations and immunological evading. Additionally, the significant up-regulations of bta-mir-223 and bta-mir-21-3p were observed in the quarters infected by high concentration of @entity16330 . Network analysis suggested that the two miRNAs' pivotal roles in defending hosts against @entity2348 probably through inhibiting @entity63060 and @entity58385 . The significant down-regulation of @entity63060 was also observed in @entity291 mammary epithelial cells at 24 h post-infection of @entity16330 (10(8) cfu/mL) in vitro. Integrated analysis with QTL database further suggested 28 genes (e.g., @entity63060 , @entity58385 , and @entity63061 ) as candidates of @entity291 @entity1271 . This study first systematically revealed transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses of @entity291 mammary gland cells to invading @entity16330 in a dosage-dependent pattern, and highlighted a complicated responsive mechanism in a network of miRNA-gene-pathway interplay.

title: Genome-Wide Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Innate Immune and Defense Responses of XXXX Mammary Gland to @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity6425 in adults is poorly understood and few rotavirus outbreaks among US adults have been reported in the literature. We describe an outbreak due to genotype @entity21373 [8] rotavirus among medical students, faculty, and guests who attended a formal dinner event in April 2013. METHODS:    A web-based questionnaire was distributed to event attendees to collect symptom and exposure data. A clinical case was defined as a @entity1 who developed @entity294 after attending the formal event. A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a clinical case who attended the formal event, with rotavirus detected in stool by enzyme immunoassay or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. RESULTS:    Among 334 dinner attendees, 136 (41%) completed the web-based questionnaire; 58 (43%) respondents reported illness. Symptom onset ranged from 1 to 8 days, with peak onset 3 days after the event. In addition to @entity294 , predominant symptoms included @entity221 (91%), @entity490 (84%), and @entity391 (49%). The median duration of illness was 2.5 days. Thirteen (22%) of 58 cases sought medical attention; none were hospitalized. Analysis of food exposures among questionnaire respondents did not identify significant associations between any specific food or drink item and illness. Stool specimens were negative for bacterial pathogens by culture and negative for norovirus by RT-PCR assay; 4 specimens were positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay or PCR. @entity21373 [8]-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 was identified as the causative full-genome genotype. CONCLUSIONS:    Rotavirus outbreaks can occur among adults, including young adults. Health professionals should consider rotavirus as a cause of acute @entity1902 in adults.

title: Outbreak of XXXX in Adults Due to Rotavirus Genotype @entity21373 [8].

entities_list: @entity21373 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12P']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['Rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a new @entity1707 model for auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT). METHODS: The liver of the donor was removed from its body. The left lobe of the liver was resected in vitro, and the right lobe was used as a graft. After the left lateral lobe of the recipient was resected, end-to-side anastomoses were performed between the suprahepatic inferior venae cavae of the donor and between the portal veins of the donor liver and those of recipient liver respectively. End-to-end @entity254 was performed between the hepatic artery of graft and the splenic artery of host. Outside drainage was placed in the donor's common bile duct. RESULTS: Model of APOLT was established in 5 @entity1707 with a success rate of 80%. The hemodynamics of the recipient was stable during and after operation. CONCLUSION: Significant decrease of congestion in portal vein and shortened blocking time were obtained because of the application of veno-venous bypass in vitro during complete vascular clamping. This new procedure, with such advantages as simple vessel processing, quality @entity254 , @entity86 and higher success rate, etc, effectively prevents @entity99 and deserves to be spread.

title: [Establishment of a new XXXX model for auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['ischemical reperfusion injury of the host liver']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['less postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Smoking-related microvascular loss causes end-organ damage in the kidneys, heart and brain. Basic research suggests a similar process in the lungs but no large studies have assessed @entity450 ( @entity450 ) in early @entity1030 . We hypothesized that @entity450 is reduced in mild as well as more severe @entity1030 and @entity2415 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity450 was measured using @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among smokers with @entity1030 and controls age 50-79 years without clinical @entity65 . @entity1030 severity was defined by standard criteria. @entity2415 on computed tomography (CT) was defined by percent of lung regions <-950 Hounsfield units and radiologists using a standard protocol. We adjusted for potential confounders including smoking, oxygenation and left @entity998 . RESULTS: Among 144 @entity1 , @entity450 was reduced by 30% in mild @entity1030 , 29% in moderate @entity1030 and 52% in severe @entity1030 (all P<0.01 vs. controls). @entity450 was reduced with greater percent @entity2415 -950HU and radiologist-defined @entity2415 , particularly panlobular and @entity2542 (all P <=0.01). Registration of MRI and CT images revealed that @entity450 was reduced in mild @entity1030 in both @entity13404 . Associations for @entity450 were independent of measures of @entity1565 on CT and gas trapping largely since @entity2415 and @entity1565 occurred in different smokers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity450 was reduced in mild @entity1030 , including in regions of lung without @entity2415 , and may represent a distinct pathological process from @entity1565 . @entity450 may provide an imaging biomarker for therapeutic strategies targeting the pulmonary microvasculature.

title: Pulmonary Microvascular Blood Flow in Mild @entity1030 and @entity2415 . The MESA XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['non-emphysematous and emphysematous lung regions']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['small airways disease']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema', 'frank emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary microvascular blood flow', 'PMBF']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular emphysema']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity63649 is a highly polar chiral @entity4880 that is usually not detected during routine organic acid analysis. Increased excretion is observed in two phenotypically distinct and rare inherited @entity209 , @entity23934 , and @entity23934 (also known as primary @entity23934 ). The determination of the exact configuration of the excreted @entity63649 is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of @entity23934 and for the differentiation between type 1 and type 2 primary @entity5201 . The separation of the two stereoisomers was achieved using a narrow-bore ristocetin A glycopeptide antibiotic @entity3440 gel bonded column. @entity1040 at pH 4.1 with 10% @entity1042 was used as mobile phase. The column was directly interfaced to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer and the electrospray ion source was operated in the negative ion mode. Three parent-to-daughter transitions were employed to specifically detect eluting glyceric enantiomers from essentially untreated urine samples. The two forms of @entity63649 were satisfactorily separated at 3.6 and 4.5 min. Application of the method led to the confirmation of three cases of @entity23934 from three different families. Two other cases are suspected to be @entity23934 but further confirmation is needed. The method allowed the detection of the @entity63649 stereoisomers in control urine where it was found without exception that L-glyceric was the predominate metabolite.

title: Chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the determination of the configuration of XXXX in urine of patients with D-glyceric and L-glyceric acidurias.

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity1040 :: ('MESH:C016162', 'Chemical') :: ['Triethylamine acetate']

entities_list: @entity63649 :: ('MESH:C042971', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceric acid', 'Glyceric acid']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity23934 :: ('MESH:C536415', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria type 2', 'L-glyceric aciduria', 'D-glyceric aciduria']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity63649 :: (MESH:C042971,Chemical) :: ['glyceric acid']


abstract: Conventional anticoagulation for symptomatic @entity1151 consists of continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin as a "bridge" to oral anticoagulation. This strategy requires 5 days or more of intravenous heparin while oral @entity2067 antagonists gradually achieve a therapeutic effect. Oral @entity2067 antagonists require frequent blood testing to optimize dosing, and their interactions with other medications and foods make regulation difficult. Therefore we tested a different approach to therapy: long-term enoxaparin monotherapy. We randomized 60 symptomatic @entity1151 @entity1 in a 2:1 ratio to 90 days of @entity2120 as monotherapy without @entity1229 (N=40) or to intravenous unfractionated heparin as a "bridge" to @entity1229 , target INR 2.0-3.0 (N=20). Enoxaparin @entity1 received 1 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days during the acute phase followed by randomized assignment during the chronic phase to 1.0 mg/kg vs. 1.5 mg/kg once daily. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 3 of the 40 enoxaparin @entity1 developed recurrent @entity1211 compared with 0 of 20 standard therapy @entity1 (p = 0.54). One of the 40 enoxaparin @entity1 had a major @entity548 compared with 2 of the 20 standard therapy @entity1 (p = 0.26). Median hospital length of stay was shorter with enoxaparin compared to standard therapy (4 vs. 6 days) (p = 0.001). Following our study we can conclude that extended 3-month treatment with enoxaparin as monotherapy for symptomatic, acute @entity1151 is feasible and warrants further study in a large clinical trial.

title: XXXX monotherapy without oral anticoagulation to treat acute symptomatic @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complication']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2120 :: (MESH:D017984,Chemical) :: ['Enoxaparin']


abstract: Extreme @entity851 is a cardinal feature of severe @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ), types III and IV. We conducted a treatment trial of @entity2124 in @entity1 with @entity6926 and followed linear growth velocity, bone metabolism markers, histomorphometrics, and vertebral bone density. Twenty-six @entity1 with types III and IV @entity6926 , ages 4.5-12 years, were treated with recombinant @entity2124 (rGH), 0.1-0.2 IU/kg per day for 6 days/week, for at least 1 year. Length, insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ), insulin-like growth factor binding protein ( @entity2301 ), bone metabolic markers, and vertebral bone density by DXA were evaluated at 6-month intervals. An iliac crest biopsy was obtained at baseline and 12 months. Approximately one-half of the treated @entity6926 @entity1 sustained a 50% or more increase in linear growth over their baseline growth rate. Most responders (10 of 14) had moderate type IV @entity6926 . All @entity1 had positive @entity442 , @entity2301 , osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase responses. Only the linear growth responders had a significant increase in vertebral DXA z-score and a significant @entity174 . After 1 year of treatment, responders' iliac crest biopsy showed significant increases in cancellous bone volume, trabecular number, and bone formation rate. Responders were distinguished from nonresponders by higher baseline carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) values (p < 0.05), suggesting they have an intrinsically higher capacity for collagen production. The results show that @entity2124 can cause a sustained increase in the linear growth rate of @entity1 with @entity6926 , despite the abnormal collagen in their bone matrix. In the first year of treatment, growth responders achieve increased bone formation rate and density, and decreased @entity174 rates. The baseline plasma concentration of PICP was an excellent predictor of positive response.

title: Positive linear growth and bone responses to @entity2124 treatment in XXXX with types III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta: high predictive value of the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in long bone fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Two @entity462 proteases, @entity15328 and GP3, have been isolated from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale). @entity15328 is virtually identical to a previously identified ginger protease GPII [K.H. Choi, and R.A. Laursen, @entity535 sequence and glycan structures of @entity462 proteases with @entity1521 specificity from ginger rhizome Zingiber officinale, Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000) 1516-1526.], and cleaves native type I collagen at multiple discrete sites, which are in the interior of the triple helical region of this molecule. In reaction with @entity1521 -containing peptides @entity15328 shows preference for Pro in the P2 position, and at least 10-fold higher efficiency of hydrolysis than papain. Comparison of models of @entity15328 and GP3 with the crystal structure of papain shows that the three enzymes have different S2 pocket structures. The S2 pocket in @entity15328 and GP3 is half the size of that of papain. @entity15328 is the only reported plant @entity462 protease with a demonstrated ability to hydrolyse native collagen. The results support a role for ginger proteases as an alternative to papain, in commercial applications such as meat tenderization, where collagen is the target substrate.

title: Plant collagenase: unique collagenolytic activity of XXXX proteases from ginger.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the urodynamic assessment of lower urinary tract disturbance intensity (especially @entity322 ) among irradiated @entity1 after the surgical treatment of @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: The analysis included 34 @entity1 after radical hysterectomy and following radiotherapy for @entity5 in clinical Stage Ib. Only @entity1 without any previous @entity74 were included. Urodynamic diagnostics was performed two weeks after oncological treatment termination. RESULTS: Urodynamic parameter changes were clearly present at all stages of functional diagnostics. The most remarkable changes included decreased bladder capacity (mean 196 ml) and residual urine volume (mean 19 ml). The mean value of maximal urine flow rate obtained from uroflowmetry was 26 ml/s, but for 20 @entity1 it was lower than 20 ml/s. Voiding time and flow time were abnormally delayed with the significant difference of five seconds. Bladder sensation points were increased and maximum cystometric capacity was decreased to 270 ml during filling cystometry. Bladder compliance was 28 ml/cm @entity2507 on average; for the majority of @entity1 it was below 20. Detrusor pressure was increased in 23 cases above 20 cm @entity2507 and mean isometric pressure was 34 cm @entity2507 . Urethral pressures were low, especially while taking effort. @entity322 was diagnosed in 30% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results allow us to conclude that @entity74 after combined radiotherapy and surgery are often and mainly apply to the detrusor muscle with the domination of functional disturbances. It seems that early quantitative and qualitative changes depend on combined therapy with a standard dose pattern. The presence of functional disorders after oncological treatment should be considered in the planning of prevention and further treatment. @entity322 restricts @entity1 ' activity, affects the quality of their lives and is the cause of @entity1 discomfort. Many @entity1 suffering from lower urinary tract pathologies pose a therapeutic problem caused by lack of information.

title: Lower urinary tract function after postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['voiding disorders', 'urogynecological disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The clinically relevant pathologic consequences of primary ocular, genital, or respiratory @entity1 @entity1047 are @entity2024 , @entity3799 , @entity6369 and @entity1244 . The major complications and sometimes debilitating evolutionary outcomes of these infections include: @entity5055 and cicatrizing @entity11738 , @entity7288 or @entity4134 and @entity249 and @entity55 . These diseases, in addition to other @entity102 (e.g., artherosclerosis, @entity15 and @entity195 ), pose serious public healthcare and huge budgetary concerns. The current medical opinion is that an efficacious prophylactic vaccine is a sine qua non--to control the morbidity of chiamydial infection in the @entity1 population. The research goal for an efficacious @entity1 chlamydial vaccine has faced key challenges to define the elements of protective immunity to facilitate vaccine evaluation, the judicious selection of appropriate vaccine candidates that possess stable antigenic and immunologic properties and the development of effective delivery vehicles and adjuvants to boost immune effectors to achieve long-term protective immunity. Progress in the functional immunobiology of @entity1047 has established the essential immunologic paradigms for vaccine selection and evaluation, including the obligatory requirement for a vaccine to induce T-helper Type 1 immune response that controls chlamydiae. Recent advances in chlamydial genomics and proteomics should enhance the identification of likely chlamydial gene products that fulfill the antigenic requirements of putative vaccine candidates. Major inroads are however needed in the construction and development of novel and effective delivery systems, such as vectors and adjuvants. This review summarizes the status of contemporary chlamydial vaccine research and promising trends fueling the growing optimism for an efficacious vaccine. The unified approach to vaccines for the genus @entity1047 is validated by the several conserved genes and common immunogenic proteins among member species and the similarity of immune effectors controlling @entity1047 species in animals and @entity1 .

title: Contemporary approaches to designing and evaluating vaccines against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary tubal factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia-associated chronic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['infection by members of the genus Chlamydia', 'Chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Approximately half of all @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) experience locoregional failure after initial treatment. Historically, thoracic reirradiation (ReRT) has been limited by @entity137 concerns and lack of robust evidence. Our objective was to perform a systematic literature review regarding ReRT. METHODS: Search of the English-language literature related to best-practice thoracic ReRT (Medline and Embase) was performed. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements were also reviewed. Data was abstracted regarding @entity1 , @entity5 and radiotherapy characteristics; response rate; @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ); and @entity137 . In addition to descriptive analysis, Spearman's test explored relationships between @entity138 dose and @entity1349 . RESULTS: A total of 379 @entity1 (89% non-small cell; 11% small cell @entity2 ) retreated with radical or palliative intent have been described by 13 publications (1982-2014). A total of 86% were symptomatic at the time of ReRT; rate of symptom improvement was 69%. Range of reported median survivals (MS) was 3-15 months. Median initial (59 Gy; range, 12-80 Gy), ReRT (36 Gy; range, 12-70 Gy) and combined dose (86 Gy; range, 58-120 Gy) significantly correlated with @entity1349 , with Spearman's rho values of 0.85 (P=0.002), 0.72 (P=0.006), and 0.88 (P=0.001) respectively. @entity137 after ReRT was reported in 17% ( @entity2910 ) and 12% ( @entity55 ), with @entity138 complications contributing to 2% of deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Despite heterogeneity of @entity1 cohorts, @entity138 techniques and duration of follow-up, ReRT appears to be a feasible option for recurrent @entity1514 . Treatment guidelines derived from this data will guide clinical decision-making for both radical- and palliative-intent ReRT.

title: XXXX : a literature review and practical guide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Thoracic reirradiation for lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 suffering from @entity370 sometimes report dyspnoea of effort. The restrictive or obstructive ventilatory problems contribute to this disability, but the systemic manifestations of @entity370 should be considered as other possible causes of the dyspnoea. CASE REPORT: We report a case of systemic @entity370 in a 29 year old @entity1 from the Ivory Coast. The disorder presented in December 1999 with generalised symptoms and grade II dyspnoea (Sadoul). Investigations confirmed pulmonary, mediastinal, hepatic, lachrymal and salivary involvement. Lung function tests at rest showed a combined restrictive and obstructive @entity1576 . The initial exercise test showed evidence of severe limitation of aerobic metabolism with impaired @entity26 uptake without limitation of ventilation. The absence of cardiac involvement, confirmed by echocardiography and @entity296 scanning, suggested that the dyspnoea was, at least in part, secondary to a "peripheral" muscular abnormality. After 3 months treatment with oral @entity288 , the clinical and physiological parameters improved. Exercise testing confirmed an improvement in maximum work rate and @entity26 uptake. The relative stability of the functional measurements and the subsequent development of @entity925 prompted a biopsy of the quadriceps that showed granulomata within the muscle tissue, confirming a @entity121 . A combination of @entity230 and @entity1499 allowed the @entity1 to increase his exercise capacity without any major change in the resting lung function tests. CONCLUSIONS: This case report underlines the role of exercise testing in determining the cause of dyspnoea. In this @entity1 it contributed to the diagnosis of @entity121 and lead to modification of his treatment.

title: [The role of exercise testing in the management of systemic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial isotope']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory defect']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid myopathy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main inducer of @entity5 , increasing the prevalence by 4-7 times. We examined induction of apoptosis by CS exposure of @entity1 and @entity1 @entity5 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After controlled exposure to CS of various durations and at different time points we measured DNA fragmentation to assay apoptotic levels. RESULTS: @entity1 cells showed a 70% (p<0.05) increase in apoptotic levels immediately after 30 min of exposure to CS. Twenty-four hours after 30-min CS exposure a further increase in apoptotic levels to 178% (p<0.05) could be observed. However, @entity1 cells showed a decrease in apoptotic levels immediately after 180-min exposure to CS. CS-exposed @entity1 cells did not show such CS-related effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity1 @entity5 cells respond differently to CS regarding apoptotic cell death levels. In this respect, @entity1 cells are sensitive to CS, while @entity1 cells are not. Further comparisons between these cells may give insight regarding relationships between CS, apoptosis and @entity3 .

title: DNA Fragmentation Induced by Cigarette Smoke in XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasiveness of oral cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oral Cancer']


abstract: @entity1489 is the most common @entity5 in the USA and is increasing in @entity1 and young adults. Adolescents are an important target population for sun-safety interventions with ultraviolet radiation as the strongest risk factor for developing @entity1489 . Schools are an ideal setting to intervene with adolescents. A novel Arizona @entity1489 prevention in-class education-activity program, Project 'Students are Sun Safe' (SASS), was designed to be delivered by university students for middle school and high school students. @entity1 students completed the pre- and post-program tests and a satisfaction questionnaire; teachers completed reviews. The evaluation examined the program's influence on @entity1 ' sun-safety knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors; satisfaction with the program; and intent to change. After exposure to Project SASS, @entity1 were more likely to perceive a high risk of @entity1489 , report negative attitudes toward tanned skin, and answer knowledge-based questions correctly. There were minimal differences in self-reported sun-safety behaviors, though @entity1 did report intent to change. Both @entity1 and teachers were satisfied with the program. Project SASS appears to be an effective sun-safety program for middle school and high school students for knowledge and perceptions, and the results confirm that appropriately tailoring program components to the target population has strong potential to impact adolescent perceived susceptibility, knowledge, and behavioral intent. The strengths and weaknesses of Project SASS have many implications for public health practice, and Project SASS may hold promise to be a model for @entity1489 prevention in adolescents.

title: Evaluation of Project Students are Sun Safe (SASS): A University Student-Delivered XXXX Prevention Program for Schools.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer', 'Skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participant']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the optic nerves obtained during the acute phase can distinguish @entity1 with @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) from those with @entity6810 ( @entity6810 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, neuroradiologic, observational study. @entity1 : Sixty-four @entity1 diagnosed as having either @entity7995 or @entity6810 who were diagnosed by clinical criteria and imaged by MRI. METHODS: Demographic information on the MRI scans was masked and the @entity1 were presented randomly and in a blinded fashion to a neuroradiologist (JDR) for @entity854 . Reproducibility was assessed by presenting 10 of the scans a second time to the same neuroradiologist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence or absence and location of abnormal MRI signals of the optic nerve. RESULTS: Evaluation of reproducibility revealed identical interpretations of the ten scans submitted a second time. The optic nerve was abnormal in the clinically affected eye in 31 of the 32 @entity7995 @entity1 but in only 5 of the 32 @entity6810 @entity1 . Thirty of the 31 @entity7995 @entity1 who received @entity2287 had enhancement, and 27 of the 32 @entity7995 @entity1 had increased short T(1) inversion recovery signal in the clinically affected optic nerve. The five @entity6810 @entity1 with abnormal scans in the clinically affected eye had increased short T(1) inversion recovery signal, and in two of these, there also was enhancement of the optic nerve. For the @entity7995 @entity1 , enhancement involved the entire length of the intraorbital optic nerve in 18 cases and the intracranial segment of the optic nerve in 19 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that MRI scanning of the optic nerve shows significantly different results between @entity1 clinically diagnosed with either @entity7995 or @entity6810 .

title: Use of magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate XXXX and @entity6810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'NAION']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['determination of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5026 is among the most frequently reported symptoms in @entity1 with breast complaints; it is usually classified as cyclic, noncyclic, or nonbreast in origin. A useful response with medical or conservative therapy is obtained in the majority of these @entity1 . There is a subset of @entity1 , however, who have exhausted every medical effort and @entity146 counseling and will desire mastectomy with breast reconstruction in the hope of alleviating their chronic @entity158 . METHODS: Three @entity1 with noncyclical, bilateral @entity5026 referred for breast reconstruction options from December of 2000 to March of 2004 are presented in this article. Daily @entity5026 charts with a visual analogue scale for @entity158 assessment were analyzed and recorded for all @entity1 throughout the study period. RESULTS: Two @entity1 underwent delayed reconstruction and had complete resolution of @entity158 6 to 8 weeks after bilateral mastectomy, with no recurrence of @entity5026 after reconstruction. One @entity1 underwent bilateral mastectomy with immediate reconstruction and achieved complete resolution of her @entity158 3 months postoperatively. Histopathologic findings of all breast specimens revealed benign breast tissue with proliferative @entity1558 consistent with @entity5026 . CONCLUSIONS: This modality, which includes mastectomy with or without reconstruction, is a viable alternative after exhaustion of all other nonsurgical options and when quality of life is significantly affected. Although mastectomy for the treatment of @entity5026 refractory to medical therapy does not guarantee alleviation of chronic @entity5026 , it should be considered in these often desperate @entity1 .

title: XXXX refractory to medical therapy: is there a role for mastectomy and breast reconstruction?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['mastodynia', 'mastalgia', 'Mastodynia', 'breast pain']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity5026 :: (MESH:D059373,Disease) :: ['Mastodynia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several Src family kinase (SFK) members are expressed in the @entity1 brain and serve as key kinases in the regulation of a variety of cellular and synaptic events. These SFKs may be subject to the modulation by @entity935 , although this topic has been investigated incompletely. In this study, we explored whether @entity935 D2 receptors (D2Rs) regulate SFKs in adult @entity35 brains in vivo. We investigated the role of D2Rs in two forebrain areas, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus, since @entity935 plays a pivotal role in regulating activity of mPFC and hippocampal neurons and D2Rs are expressed in these regions. We found that a systemic injection of a D2R selective antagonist @entity12174 elevated phosphorylation of SFKs at a conserved autophosphorylation site, an event correlated with activation of SFKs, in the mPFC. Similarly, antagonism of D2Rs by @entity1767 increased SFK phosphorylation. In contrast, @entity12174 and @entity1767 did not alter SFK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. The effect of @entity12174 was time-dependent and relatively delayed. Among two common SFK members enriched at synaptic sites, @entity12174 selectively altered phosphorylation of @entity67415 but not Src. Our data suggest that D2Rs exert an inhibitory effect on the activity-related phosphorylation of @entity67415 in the mPFC under normal conditions.

title: Antagonism of @entity935 D2 Receptors Alters Phosphorylation of XXXX in the @entity35 Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity12174 :: ('MESH:C045989', 'Chemical') :: ['eticlopride']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity67415 :: (25150(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Fyn']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) allelic variant carriers have been shown to experience hyper-responsiveness to small doses of @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) ( @entity1229 or @entity11271 ) and a higher bleeding rate. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequencies of different risk factors for @entity1445 including diet, concomitant diseases, drug interactions, recent increment of @entity571 dose and @entity5060 genetic polymorphism among hospitalised @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frequencies of the different risk factors for @entity1445 were determined in a prospective case-control study. Seventy-five consecutive @entity1 with an International normalised ratio (INR) greater than 4 were matched with seventy-five control @entity1 with an INR greater than 2 but less than 3.5 with respect to age, prescribed @entity571 and daily dose. Genotyping of @entity5060 *2 and @entity5060 *3 allelic variants was detected by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS: Drug interactions and a recent increment of @entity571 dose were the only significant independent risk factors identified in the first analysis with odds ratio 2.13 (95% CI: 1.06-4.28) and 3.38 (95%CI: 1.51-7.57), respectively. A recent increment of @entity571 dose was the only significant independent risk factor identified among the @entity1 treated with @entity1524 derivatives ( @entity11271 or @entity1229 ), excluding those treated with @entity35538 ; the odds ratio was 4.3 (95% CI: 1.5-12.3). @entity5060 genetic polymorphism did not significantly predict the increased risk of @entity571 in this study. However three homozygous @entity5060 *3/ @entity5060 *3 genotype @entity1 were found among the cases, whereas no such @entity1 could be identified among controls. CONCLUSION: This is the first observational study investigating the role of @entity5060 genetic polymorphism together with other environmental @entity1445 risk factors. Our results support the view that although the @entity5060 *3/ @entity5060 *3 genotype is associated soon after the introduction of @entity571 with dramatic overanticoagulation, @entity1445 is mostly related to environmental factors.

title: Genetic and environmental risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral anticoagulants', 'OAs']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA overanticoagulation', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity35538 :: ('MESH:C017673', 'Chemical') :: ['fluindione']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['OA overdose']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['oral anticoagulant overdose']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity18274 ( @entity18274 ) is an @entity74 affecting the post translational activation of all enzymes of the sulphatase family. To date, approximately 30 different mutations have been identified in the causative gene, @entity65215 ( @entity65215 ). We describe here the mutation analysis of a case of @entity18274 . METHODS: The proband was a four year old @entity1 with @entity245 followed by neuroregression. He had coarse facies, @entity2055 , @entity2055 and @entity5657 limited to both lower limbs. Radiographs showed @entity19637 . Clinical suspicion of @entity18274 was confirmed by enzyme analysis of four enzymes of the sulphatase group. RESULTS: The @entity1 was compound heterozygote for a @entity65216 ( @entity65217 ) substitution in exon 3 and a single base insertion mutation ( @entity65218 ) in exon 5 in the @entity65215 gene. The bioinformatic analysis of the missense mutation revealed no apparent effect on the overall structure. However, the mutated 151- @entity535 residue was found to be adjacent to the substrate binding and the active site residues, thereby affecting the substrate binding and/or catalytic activity, resulting in almost complete loss of enzyme function. CONCLUSIONS: The two mutations identified in the present case were novel. This is perhaps the first report of an insertion mutation in @entity65215 causing premature truncation of the protein.

title: Molecular evaluation of a novel missense mutation _ an insertional truncating mutation in XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity19637 :: ('MESH:D004413', 'Disease') :: ['dysostosis multiplex']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity18274 :: ('MESH:D009100', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple suphphatase deficiency', 'MSD']

entities_list: @entity65215 :: ('285362', 'Gene') :: ['SUMF1', 'sulfatase modifying factor 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular hypertonia', 'truncal ataxia']

answer: @entity65215 :: (285362,Gene) :: ['SUMF1']


abstract: @entity355 is a disease of paramount importance dictated by its exponentially increasing incidence and association with @entity418 . Unfortunately, our knowledge lacks much of the key data and information to make those important decisions in Barrett's as regards screening and treatment. With an evident lack of long-term large population studies of @entity1 with @entity355 , much of our decision making is based on little available data and becomes somewhat arbitrary. Given these limitations, screening criteria include adults with a long history of persistent reflux symptoms. The precise age, frequency, and duration of symptoms used is unclear. Once Barrett's is identified, endoscopic surveillance is performed every 2 years, but this interval will most likely lengthen to 3 years. For @entity1 with LGD, surveillance every 6-12 months is recommended. For HGD, esophagectomy is still recommended for healthy surgical candidates, but more @entity1 will be followed, particularly those with "focal" HGD. The role of acid suppression either pharmacologically or surgically is not clear, but the tendency is to achieve near complete control of the acid reflux. Endoscopic ablative procedures are experimental and may be indicated in @entity1 at high surgical risk with HGD and @entity189 . Its role in mainstream practice is yet to be defined.

title: XXXX : surveillance and treatment.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Despite a lack of agreement concerning the age at which adult-like patterns of handedness emerge, it is generally understood that hand preference presents early in life and development is variable. Young @entity1 (ages 3-5 years) are described as having weak hand preference; however, older @entity1 (ages 7-10 years) display stronger patterns. Here, strength of hand preference refers to reliable use of the preferred hand. In comparison to their @entity245 ( @entity1867 ) peers, individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are described as having a weak hand preference. This study aimed to extend the literature to assess three measures of handedness (Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire - WHQ, Annett pegboard - AP, and WatHand Cabinet Test - WHCT) in two repeated sessions. The first research question aimed to delineate if the strength of hand use changes across testing sessions as a function of age in typical development. Right-handed @entity1 reported a reliable preference for the right hand on the WHQ, similar to adults. A marginally significant difference was revealed between 3- to 4- and 5- to 6-year-olds on the AP. This was attributed to weak lateralization in 3- to 4-year-olds, where the establishment of hand preference by age 6 leads to superior performance with the preferred hand in 5- to 6-year-olds. Finally, for the WHCT, 3- to 4-year-olds had the highest bimanual score, indicating use of the same hand to lift the cabinet door and retrieve an object. It is likely that the task was not motorically complex enough to drive preferred hand selection for older @entity1 . The second research question sought to determine if @entity1867 ( @entity1867 ) @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity72 . No differences were revealed; however, @entity1 with @entity72 did display variable AP performance, providing partial support for previous literature. Findings will be discussed in light of relevant literature.

title: Is strength of handedness reliable over repeated testing? An examination of typical development and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['there is difference between', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['typically developing']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: Individuals with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) frequently have intractable @entity302 . To gain insights into mechanisms of epileptogenesis in @entity2916 , we previously developed a @entity19 model of @entity2916 with conditional inactivation of the @entity13408 gene in glia ( @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 ). These @entity19 develop progressive @entity410 , suggesting that @entity66 may be involved in epileptogenesis in @entity2916 . Here, we investigated the hypothesis that impairment of @entity972 uptake through astrocyte inward rectifier @entity972 (Kir) channels may contribute to epileptogenesis in @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . METHODS: Kir channel function and expression were examined in cultured @entity13408 -deficient astrocytes. Kir mRNA expression was analyzed in astrocytes microdissected from neocortical sections of @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . Physiological assays of astrocyte Kir currents and susceptibility to @entity302 induced by increased extracellular @entity972 were further studied in situ in hippocampal slices. RESULTS: Cultured @entity13408 -deficient astrocytes exhibited reduced Kir currents and decreased expression of specific Kir channel protein subunits, @entity2303 and @entity62063 . mRNA expression of the same Kir subunits also was reduced in astrocytes from neocortex of @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . By using pharmacologic modulators of signalling pathways implicated in @entity2916 , we showed that the impairment in Kir channel function was not affected by @entity3446 inhibition of the @entity3470 /S6K pathway, but was reversed by decreasing @entity17068 activity with @entity9363 or @entity1968 . Last, hippocampal slices from @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 exhibited decreased astrocytic Kir currents, as well as increased susceptibility to @entity972 -induced @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired extracellular @entity972 uptake by astrocytes through Kir channels may contribute to @entity528 and epileptogenesis in a @entity19 model of @entity2916 .

title: Epileptogenesis and reduced inward rectifier XXXX current in @entity2916 astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['roscovitine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity715 aetiology for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) has been proposed as a result of its association with @entity887 , smoking, the oral contraceptive pill and the response of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 to heparin. The @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) mutation is the commonest inherited risk factor for @entity887 . AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that the pro- @entity715 state associated with the @entity5337 mutation is involved in the aetiology of @entity29 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study of @entity1 attending the Bristol Royal Infirmary @entity29 outpatient clinic was performed. Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity29 (30 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 24 with @entity31 ) and 55 historical controls were screened for the presence of @entity5337 using the @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) ratio. Abnormal @entity10855 ratios were confirmed to be due to @entity5337 using a heteroduplex-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. RESULTS: Five @entity1 had the @entity5337 mutation, compared to two controls. One of the @entity1 was homozygous. Two of the @entity1 had @entity30 and three @entity31 . The differences between controls and @entity29 @entity1 was significant when the allelic frequency of the @entity5337 mutation in @entity1 with @entity31 was compared with controls, with a risk ratio of 2.27, but with limited data. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a weak association between @entity5337 and @entity31 . This association is not strong enough to imply a causal relationship, but may be responsible for some of the @entity887 .

title: An investigation of the association of the XXXX mutation and @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolism', 'thrombo-embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: In bacteria the @entity26 -independent @entity33580 -III oxidase catalyzes the @entity26 -independent conversion of @entity33580 -III to protoporphyrinogen-IX. The @entity526 hemN gene encoding a putative part of this enzyme was overexpressed in @entity526 . Anaerobically purified HemN is a monomeric protein with a native M(r) = 52,000 +/- 5,000. A newly established anaerobic enzyme assay was used to demonstrate for the first time in vitro @entity33580 -III oxidase activity for recombinant purified HemN. The enzyme requires @entity3874 ( @entity3874 ), @entity1110 , and additional cytoplasmatic components for catalysis. An @entity26 -sensitive @entity5985 cluster was identified by absorption spectroscopy and @entity68 analysis. @entity462 residues @entity2569 (62), @entity2569 (66), and @entity2569 (69), which are part of the conserved CXXXCXXC motif found in all HemN proteins, are essential for @entity5985 cluster formation and enzyme function. Completely conserved residues Tyr(56) and His(58), localized closely to the @entity462 -rich motif, were found to be important for @entity5985 cluster integrity. Mutation of @entity4022 (111) and @entity4022 (113), which are part of the potential GGGTP @entity3874 binding motif, completely abolished enzymatic function. Observed functional properties in combination with a recently published computer-based enzyme classification (Sofia, H. J., Chen, G., Hetzler, B. G., Reyes-Spindola, J. F., and Miller, N. E. (2001) Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 1097-1106) identifies HemN as "Radical SAM enzyme." An appropriate enzymatic mechanism is suggested.

title: @entity26 -independent XXXX -III oxidase HemN from @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity33580 :: ('CHEBI:15438', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrinogen']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-l-methionine', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity33580 :: (CHEBI:15438,Chemical) :: ['coproporphyrinogen']


abstract: Reorganization after early @entity1545 is not only determined by the maturational stage of the CNS at the time of the insult (timing), but also by the structural properties, location and extent of the lesion. This study addresses the impact of different lesion extents on the type of reorganization induced in a cohort of @entity1 with lesions of uniform structure and location (unilateral periventricular defects) and similar timing (early third trimester of pregnancy). Twelve young adult @entity1 with @entity1269 and 10 age-matched controls were studied. The severity of structural damage to hand motor projections of the cortico-spinal tract was assessed on semi-coronal MRI reconstructions along anatomical landmarks of cortico-spinal tract somatotopy. The functional integrity of these crossed cortico-spinal projections in the affected hemisphere, as well as the presence of any abnormal ipsilateral projections to the paretic hand, was examined by @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). Cortical activation during simple @entity717 was studied by functional MRI (fMRI). @entity1 with small lesions (SL; n = 4) and only mild hand motor impairment possessed intact crossed cortico-spinal projections to the paretic hand, whereas no motor response could be elicited by @entity9808 of the affected hemisphere in those with large lesions (LL; n = 6) and more @entity73 . Evidence for compensatory recruitment of the unaffected hemisphere was found in both subgroups. In the SL group, fMRI demonstrated ipsilateral activation of premotor areas, without any abnormal projections to the paretic hand originating from these sites. In the LL group, such abnormal ipsilateral projections to the paretic hand were indeed found, and fMRI confirmed cortical activation of an abnormal ipsilateral hand motor representation in the primary sensorimotor region of the unaffected hemisphere. Two @entity1 with intermediate-sized lesions presented combined features of both groups (SL, LL). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the type of cortico-spinal reorganization depends on the extent of the @entity75 . We propose that involvement of the ipsilateral hemisphere can be (i) of the premotor type, i.e. without ipsilateral motor projections but with significant activation of ipsilateral premotor areas, or (ii) of the primary motor type, i.e. with abnormal ipsilateral cortico-spinal projections to the paretic hand.

title: Two types of ipsilateral reorganization in @entity1269 : a XXXX and fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['severe hand motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hand movements']

answer: @entity9808 :: (MESH:C536917,Disease) :: ['TMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, it was reported that the degree of @entity130 and left ventricular functional recovery during the chronic period can be predicted after treatment of the @entity1188 based on the coronary flow velocity (CFV) pattern assessed using a Doppler guidewire. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether the CFV pattern may predict complications and in-hospital survival after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 169 consecutive @entity1 with a first anterior @entity583 successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We examined the CFV pattern immediately after PCI using a Doppler guidewire. In accordance with previous findings, we defined severe @entity130 as a diastolic deceleration time < or =600 ms and the presence of systolic flow reversal. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those without severe @entity130 (n=118; group 1) and those with severe @entity130 (n=51; group 2). All of the @entity1 who had @entity7086 were in group 2. @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was observed more frequently in group 2 than in group 1 (53% versus 8%, P<0.001). The in-hospital cardiac mortality rate was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (18% versus 0%, P<0.001). Nine @entity1 in group 2 died, 5 @entity1 because of @entity712 and 4 @entity1 because of @entity7086 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the CFV pattern is an accurate predictor of the presence or absence of complications and of in-hospital survival after @entity583 .

title: Coronary flow velocity pattern immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention as a predictor of complications and in-hospital survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We explored if known risk factors for @entity788 such as @entity2175 , influence the pathophysiology of an established primary @entity5 in the pancreas and if administration of metformin has an impact on @entity5 growth. METHODS: Pancreatic @entity189 were assessed in a syngeneic orthotopic pancreas @entity420 model after injection of 6606PDA cells in the pancreas head of either B6.V- @entity3237 (ob/ob) @entity19 exhibiting a @entity2175 or normoglycemic @entity19 . @entity1689 was then induced by repetitive administration of cerulein. Cell proliferation, cell death, @entity32 and the expression of @entity5 stem cell markers within the @entity189 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the impact of the antidiabetic drug, metformin, on the pathophysiology of the @entity5 was assessed. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity19 developed @entity1124 with significantly increased @entity5 weight when compared to normoglycemic littermates. @entity6 caused increased proliferation of @entity5 cells, but did not inhibit @entity5 cell @entity39 or apoptosis. @entity6 also reduced the number of @entity37800 expressing @entity5 cells and moderately decreased the number of @entity5 infiltrating chloracetate esterase positive granulocytes. The administration of metformin reduced @entity5 weight as well as @entity5 cell proliferation. @entity1689 significantly diminished the pancreas weight and increased @entity26317 activity in the blood, but only moderately increased @entity5 weight. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity2175 has a fundamental influence on @entity1124 by stimulating @entity5 cell proliferation, while metformin inhibits @entity5 cell proliferation. @entity32 had only a minor effect on the pathophysiology of an established @entity420 .

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type II', 'type II diabetes-like syndrome', 'type II diabetes and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['diabetes type II and chronic inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Giving the @entity1082 ) vaccination to females has been shown to be cost-effective in most countries. The epidemiological evidence and economic burden of @entity66 have gradually been shown to be gender neutral. Randomized clinical trials report high efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the HPV vaccine in males aged 16-26 years. Some pioneering countries extended their HPV vaccination programme to include males, regardless of the cost-effectiveness analysis results. Nevertheless, decision makers need evidence provided by modelling and economic studies to justify the funding of mass vaccination. This systematic review aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of extending the HPV vaccination programme to include males living in high-income countries. METHODS: A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness analyses of HPV vaccination in males was performed. Data were extracted and analysed using a checklist adapted from the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards Statement. RESULTS: Seventeen studies and 12 underlying mathematical models were identified. Model filiation showed evolution in time from aggregate models (static and dynamic) to individual-based models. When considering the health outcomes HPV vaccines are licensed for, regardless of modelling approaches and assumptions, extending vaccinations to males is rarely found to be cost-effective in heterosexual populations. Cost-effectiveness ratios become more attractive when all @entity66 are considered and when vaccine coverage in females is below 40%. CONCLUSION: Targeted vaccination of @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM) seems to be the best cost-effectiveness option. The feasibility of this strategy is still an open question, since early identification of this specific population remains difficult.

title: Extending the XXXX Vaccination Programme to Include Males in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness Studies.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related diseases']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity698 is the most common cause of operation in the @entity1 . Fekalit, @entity706 , parasites and foreign bodies are accused as the causes of @entity698 . In this study, we wanted to evaluate that the role of @entity281 in pediatric apandicitis. METHODS: Histopathological results of the @entity1 who underwent operations for @entity697 between January 2008 and 2014 were evaluated. The @entity1 who have parasite in appendiceal specimens were detected and parasites were recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen of 846 @entity1 underwent appendectomy, were classified as @entity698 . @entity14188 was observed in 12 and @entity14776 spp. was observed in 2 @entity1 , Three @entity1 with @entity698 had @entity281 in pathological examination. Two of them were @entity14188 , and one was @entity14776 spp. CONCLUSION: @entity14188 is the most common parasites in appendiks. Parasites often cause @entity490 at right lower quadrant without any @entity32 in the appendiks. However, parasites are responsible for some @entity698 as an etiologic factor. In our study, 0.39% of @entity1 with @entity698 , parasites were also detected. As a result, we think that right lower @entity158 and the incidence of @entity698 will reduce by time with the diagnosis and treatment of parasites.

title: Parasites in the Etiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'parasitic appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity14188 :: ('51028', 'Species') :: ['Enterobius vermicularis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection', 'parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16 occurring days to weeks after a cerebral @entity519 event accompanied by @entity62 is called @entity62 ( @entity62 ). Manifestations of @entity62 are diverse and include @entity303 , gait disturbance, incontinence, pyramidal tract signs, @entity304 , @entity4790 , mood and thought disorders, @entity2845 mutism, and rarely @entity2436 . METHODS: We report a case of malignant @entity2436 in a @entity1 diagnosed with @entity62 that was refractory to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and review the literature on @entity2436 in @entity62 . RESULTS: The @entity1 was a 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity914 who was admitted with @entity2436 2 weeks after hospitalization for @entity1445 and @entity1576 . Her catatonic symptoms did not respond to treatment of @entity2934 , @entity7776 , @entity2727 , or 10 sessions of bilateral ECT at maximum energy. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive periventricular white matter lesions not present on admission scans, and she was diagnosed with @entity62 . DISCUSSION: No treatment for @entity62 has been proven to be widely effective. Hyperbaric @entity26 treatments may reduce the rate of development, and symptom improvement has been reported with stimulants and other psychotropic agents. Review of literature reveals rare success with GABAergic agents for @entity2436 after @entity12807 and no cases successfully treated with ECT. There are 7 case reports of @entity16 during ECT treatment after a cerebral @entity519 event. CONCLUSION: Caution is advised when considering ECT for @entity2436 when delayed sequelae of @entity12807 are on the differential diagnosis, as there is a dearth of evidence to support this treatment approach.

title: Catatonia After XXXX : Do the Usual Treatments Apply?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic decompensation', 'Neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DPHL', 'diffuse white matter demyelination', 'delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity12807 :: (MESH:D002534,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2333 assessed by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) is a strong predictor of @entity453 , the significance of local coronary @entity2693 has never been tackled. The first objective of this study was to describe a method of measuring coronary @entity122 (CoPWV) invasively and to describe its determinants. The second objective was to assess both CoPWV and aortic @entity122 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 or stable @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 53 @entity1 , CoPWV was measured from the delay in pressure wave and distance traveled as a pressure wire was withdrawn from the distal to the proximal coronary segment. Similarly, aortic @entity122 was measured invasively when the wire was pulled across the ascending aorta; carotid-femoral @entity122 was also measured noninvasively using the SphygmoCor system (AtCor Medical). Mean CoPWV was 10.3  6.1  m/s. Determinants of increased CoPWV were fractional flow reserve, diastolic blood pressure, and previous stent implantation in the recorded artery. CoPWV was lower in @entity1 with @entity1187 versus stable @entity453 (7.6  3  versus 11.5  6.4  m/s; P=0.02), and this persisted after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, @entity2333 , assessed by aortic and carotid-femoral @entity122 , did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: CoPWV seems associated with acute coronary events more closely than aortic @entity122 . High coronary compliance, whether per se or because it leads to a distal shift in compliance mismatch, may expose vulnerable plaques to high cyclic stretch. CoPWV is a new tool to assess local compliance at the coronary level; it paves the way for a new field of research.

title: Development of Coronary Pulse Wave Velocity: New Pathophysiological Insight Into XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8787 is a @entity262 associated with a number of @entity10631 ( @entity10631 ). The author's aim was to determine the prevalence and features of @entity10631 in a large @entity8787 population in Veszpr  m county in a 25-year follow-up study. @entity1 AND METHODS: 873 @entity8787 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (UC: 619, m/f: 317/302, age at presentation: 38.3 yrs, disease duration: 11.2 yrs; @entity1050 : 254, m/f: 125/129, age at presentation: 32.5 yrs, disease duration: 9.2 yrs). Intestinal, extraintestinal symptoms and laboratory tests were monitored regularly. Any alteration suggesting an @entity10631 was investigated by specialist. RESULTS: A total of 21.3% of @entity1 with @entity8787 @entity1 had @entity10631 (UC: 15.0%, @entity1050 : 36.6%). Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of @entity10631 . Prevalence of @entity10631 was higher in @entity1 and in @entity2194 and @entity991 were more frequent in UC. In UC there was an increased tendency of @entity10631 in @entity1 having a more extensive disease. In @entity1050 @entity1 colonic location increased the frequency of axial and type-1 peripheral @entity625 . In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint (OR: 3.63) complications. Joint complications were more frequent in @entity1050 (22.4%) than in UC (10.2%, p < 0.01). @entity991 was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in @entity1050 . @entity532 were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in @entity1050 , the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases. @entity5406 , @entity6794 and @entity1596 were the most frequent manifestations among them. Rare complications were @entity631 , autoimmune haemolytic @entity417 and @entity1593 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity10631 in @entity8787 @entity1 was in concordance with data from Western countries. The high number of @entity10631 supports a role for complex follow-up in these @entity1 .

title: [Extra-intestinal manifestation of XXXX in Veszpr  m county (of Hungary): results of a 25-years follow-up study].

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['extraintestinal manifestations', 'EIM']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['CD, ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatological complications']

entities_list: @entity8787 :: ('MESH:C535541', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'Hungarian IBD']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity8787 :: (MESH:C535541,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of anticonvulsant drugs among adults with @entity245 may be an important risk factor for both @entity170 and @entity174 . AIM: To determine the relationship between anticonvulsant drug use and both low bone mass and @entity174 in such adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 273 adults with @entity245 , 40% of whom were receiving one or more anticonvulsant drugs. SETTING: Single Canadian long-term care facility. METHODS: Demographic data were abstracted from each resident's chart in a standardized manner, including body mass, degree of mobility, major falls within the previous 12 months, and all medications. Quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography was performed on each resident without knowledge of their current drug use. The Quantitative Ultrasound Index was employed to express 'bone stiffness'. Low bone mass was defined as a T-score 2.5 SDs below the norm for young healthy adults. RESULTS: Compared to non-users (15.5%), low bone mass was more prevalent among those taking either one (20.3%; OR 1.7, 95%CI 0.6-4.4) or two or more anticonvulsant agents (42.2%, OR 5.9, 95%CI 2.2-16.2). The risk of @entity174 was not significantly greater in those taking a single anticonvulsant than in non-users (28.6% vs. 21.6%; OR 1.0, 95%CI 0.4-2.8), but tended to be higher in those taking two or more (48.7%; OR 2.2, 95%CI 0.8-5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity245 residing in a long-term care facility have a high rate of both low bone mass and @entity174 , especially with concomitant use of anticonvulsant drugs. These individuals should be assessed for the presence of low bone mass, and may warrant prophylactic treatment against @entity604 , including @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation.

title: Anticonvulsant drug use and low bone mass in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures', 'recent skeletal fractures', 'skeletal fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Physiologically elevated insulin concentrations promote access of macromolecules to skeletal muscle in @entity235 . We investigated whether insulin has a stimulating effect on the access of macromolecules to insulin-sensitive tissues in @entity1 as well. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized, controlled trial, @entity1717 (1.2 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1) insulin) and saline control experiments were performed in 10 healthy volunteers (aged 27.5 +/- 4 years, BMI 22.6 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)). Distribution and clearance parameters of inulin were determined in a whole-body approach, combining primed intravenous infusion of inulin with compartment modeling. Inulin kinetics were measured in serum using open-flow microperfusion in interstitial fluid of femoral skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. RESULTS: Inulin kinetics in serum were best described using a three-compartment model incorporating a serum and a fast and a slow equilibrating compartment. Inulin kinetics in interstitial fluid of peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues were best represented by the slow equilibrating compartment. Serum and interstitial fluid inulin kinetics were comparable between the insulin and saline groups. Qualitative analysis of inulin kinetics was confirmed by model-derived distribution and clearance parameters of inulin. Physiological @entity3190 (473 +/- 6 vs. 18 +/- 2 pmol/l for the insulin and saline group, respectively; P < 0.001) indicated no effect on distribution volume (98.2 +/- 6.2 vs. 102.5 +/- 5.7 ml/kg; NS) or exchange parameter (217.6 +/- 34.2 vs. 243.1 +/- 28.6 ml/min; NS) of inulin to peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues. All other parameters identified by the model were also comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in contrast to studies performed in @entity235 , insulin at physiological concentrations does not augment recruitment of insulin-sensitive tissues in healthy @entity1 .

title: Physiological XXXX has no detectable effect on access of macromolecules to insulin-sensitive tissues in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives were to determine the dietary inclusion level of @entity6674 in a @entity12360 ( @entity12360 )-based diet needed to improve growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers, and to determine the effects of @entity6674 treatment of @entity12360 on pattern of feed intake. Based on previous research regarding the acidity of @entity12360 , we hypothesized that using @entity6674 in @entity291 fed 50% @entity12360 -based diets to neutralize the acidity inherent in @entity12360 would improve growth performance of @entity291 but shift intake patterns. Angus-cross steers (120 total) were blocked into 2 BW blocks (light, initial BW = 211    27 kg; and heavy, initial BW = 261    27 kg) and allotted randomly within block to 20 pens (6 steers per pen; = 30). Pens within block were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) 50% @entity12360 , untreated; 2) 50% @entity12360 , treated with 0.5% @entity6674 ( @entity3918 basis); 3) 50% @entity12360 , treated with 1.0% @entity6674 ( @entity3918 basis); or 4) 50% @entity12360 , treated with 1.5% @entity6674 ( @entity3918 basis). The remainder of the diets contained 20% dry-rolled @entity4336 , 20% @entity4336 silage, and 10% mineral and vitamin supplement, on a @entity3918 basis. @entity291 were fed in a GrowSafe system. There were no effects ( >=  0.21) of increasing @entity6674 inclusion on final BW, ADG, or G:F. Increasing @entity6674 in the diet increased meal duration (linear; = 0.02) and tended to increase meal size (linear; = 0.06), but did not affect overall number of meals per day (linear; = 0.21) or overall @entity9956 ( >=  0.40) for the course of the trial. Relative to @entity291 fed @entity12360 treated with 0, 0.5 or 1% @entity6674 ( @entity3918 basis), steers fed @entity12360 treated with 1.5% @entity6674 consumed a larger proportion of their meals in the afternoon. However, regardless of treatment, all steers consumed 78% or more of their feed in the first 12 h post-feeding. There were no effects ( >=  0.19) of increasing @entity6674 inclusion on HCW, LM area, dressing percentage, KPH, back fat thickness, and marbling. There was a linear ( = 0.02) decrease in USDA Yield Grade (YG) 3 and a tendency ( = 0.09) for a quadratic response in carcasses grading USDA YG 4 as @entity6674 concentration increased in the diets; however, there were no other YG differences. The quality grade response followed marbling score and was not different ( >=  0.11) among treatments. Thus, there were no effects of feeding @entity12360 treated with @entity6674 on growing @entity291 performance or carcass characteristics. However, @entity6674 inclusion shifted the pattern of intake slightly to the afternoon hours, and increased meal duration without increasing the total number of meals per day.

title: Effects of increasing inclusion of sodium hydroxide treatment on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior of steers fed 50% XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['dried distillers grains with solubles', 'DDGS']

answer: @entity12360 :: (MESH:C565532,Disease) :: ['DDGS']


abstract: Increased expression of YEATS domain containing 4 ( @entity31031 ) has been reported to have correlation with the progression in lots of @entity5 . However, the mechanism on how it promotes the development of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) is rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity31031 on cell proliferation and @entity5 progression. The mRNA and protein expressions of @entity31031 in @entity356 tissues and cell lines were analyzed. Then @entity1 cells were overexpressed or silenced @entity31031 by transfection of different plasmids. The regulatory effect of YEATS on cell viability, colony formation, cell apoptosis and @entity5 growth in vivo were all evaluated. Finally, we also explored the underlying regulatory mechanism of @entity31031 on Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. @entity31031 was highly expressed in @entity356 tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the increased expression of @entity31031 indicated poor prognosis and @entity5 progression. The overexpression of @entity31031 significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, while the opposite trends were found upon the down-regulation of @entity31031 . Western blot analysis showed that the down-regulation of @entity31031 inhibited protein expression and phosphorylation of @entity3546 . In addition, decreased expressions of @entity517 , @entity14107 , @entity8985 , @entity4910 , @entity588 and increased expression of @entity589 were observed in @entity31031 knockdown cells. Our results showed that increased expression of @entity31031 might play a critical role in promoting @entity356 cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathways, indicating that the controlling of @entity31031 expression might be used as a promising therapy for @entity356 .

title: YEATS Domain Containing 4 Promotes XXXX Cell Proliferation and Mediates Tumor Progression Via Activating the Wnt/ @entity3546 Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Tumors producing @entity5100 ( @entity5100 ) are a major cause of spontaneous @entity4053 . The treatment mainstay is surgical resection. Many case reports note resolution of @entity4053 after @entity5100 oma resection; however, outcomes are variable according to @entity5 type. We report a case of resolving @entity4053 , observed on continuous @entity413 monitoring, after resection of an @entity5100 -producing solitary @entity5 and review the current literature. CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity1662 because of @entity4053 . An @entity5100 oma was diagnosed as the cause for @entity4053 because of decreased serum insulin and @entity442 , the presence of a @entity5 , and a high-molecular-weight form of serum @entity5100 detected by Western immunoblot. Surgical resection was performed; pathological examination demonstrated a solitary @entity5 with low-grade @entity5 . Continuous @entity413 monitoring showed reversal of @entity4053 after @entity5 resection. Approximately 2 years after resection, the @entity1 has no signs of @entity5 recurrence or @entity4053 . CONCLUSIONS: An @entity5100 -producing solitary @entity5 in this case caused @entity4053 . From a search of the literature of 2004-2014, 32 cases of @entity5100 oma with @entity4053 that underwent radical surgery were identified; in 19 (59%) @entity1 , @entity4053 was reversed, and there was no subsequent recurrence. The remaining 13 (41%) @entity1 experienced @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 an average of 43 months after initial @entity5 resection. The @entity5 of the present case was a low-grade @entity5 . Regular follow-up with biomarker monitoring of @entity413 metabolism and assessment of hypoglycemic symptomatology, in conjunction with imaging tests, is important for detecting possible @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 .

title: @entity4053 Observed on Continuous @entity413 Monitoring Associated With XXXX -Producing Solitary Fibrous Tumor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor', 'malignancy', 'fibrous tumor of pleura', 'pleural tumor']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5100 :: (3481,Gene) :: ['IGF-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early psychosocial exposures are increasingly recognized as being crucial to health throughout life. A possible mechanism could be physiologic dysregulation due to stress. @entity701 in hair is a new biomarker assessing long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. The objective was to investigate whether early-life adverse psychosocial circumstances influence @entity1 @entity701 levels in hair and health outcomes in @entity1 prospectively until age 10. METHODS: A cohort study in the general community using a questionnaire covering 11 psychosocial items in the family during pregnancy and the cumulative incidence of diagnoses until age 10 years in 1876 @entity1 . @entity701 levels in hair were measured by using a radioimmunoassay in those with sufficient hair samples at age 1, yielding a subsample of n = 209. RESULTS: @entity1 with added psychosocial exposures had higher @entity1 @entity701 levels in hair (B = 0.40, P < .0001, adjusted for gender and size for gestational age) in a cumulative manner and were significantly more often affected by 12 of the 14 most common childhood diseases, with a general pattern of increasing odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the model of physiologic dysregulation as a plausible mechanism by which the duration and number of early detrimental psychosocial exposures determine health outcomes. The model indicates that the multiplicity of adversities should be targeted in future interventions and could help to identify @entity1 who are at high risk of poor health. Furthermore, given the prolonged nature of exposure to a stressful social environment, the novel biomarker of @entity701 in hair could be of major importance.

title: Early Psychosocial Exposures, Hair XXXX Levels, and Disease Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']