abstract: Wound @entity6938 is exceedingly rare and occurs almost exclusively among injection drug users. In 2008 there was a case of wound @entity6938 in a noninjecting drug user reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We report a case of a Caucasian male developing @entity1282 due to wound @entity6938 after having a motorcycle accident that left him with @entity4422 . The CDC was contacted and the @entity1 was transferred to medical intensive care unit to be emergently started on hepatavalent Clostridium botulinum antitoxin. Early suspicion of wound @entity6938 is essential for effective therapy with antitoxin in this life-threatening disease. If not suspected, this @entity1 would likely have died. Nevertheless, the delay in diagnosis and treatment resulted in the @entity1 's suffering @entity1282 and @entity51 . The @entity1 required a percutaneous @entity5274 and months of @entity1282 therapy, supportive care, and rehabilitation. Our aim is to increase the awareness for wound @entity6938 when a @entity1 presents with @entity1282 and @entity892 after suffering open wounds. If suspected early, the morbidity and mortality from this disease can be prevented.

title: Rare case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: Genome-wide association studies offer an unbiased approach to identify new candidate genes for @entity170 . We examined the Affymetrix 500K + 50K SNP GeneChip marker sets for associations with multiple @entity170 at various skeletal sites, including @entity79 ( @entity79 , hip and spine), heel ultrasound, and hip geometric indices in the Framingham @entity170 Study. We evaluated 433,510 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2073 @entity1 (mean age 65 years), members of two-generational families. Variance components analysis was performed to estimate phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations (rho(P), @entity22548 ) among bone traits. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test associations between SNPs and multivariable-adjusted trait values. We evaluated the proportion of SNPs associated with pairs of the traits at a nominal significance threshold alpha = 0.01. We found substantial correlation between the proportion of associated SNPs and the rho(P) and @entity22548 (r = 0.91 and 0.84, respectively) but much lower with rho(E) (r = 0.38). Thus, for example, hip and spine @entity79 had 6.8% associated SNPs in common, corresponding to rho(P) = 0.55 and @entity22548 = 0.66 between them. Fewer SNPs were associated with both @entity79 and any of the hip geometric traits (eg, femoral neck and shaft width, section moduli, neck shaft angle, and neck length); @entity22548 ) between @entity79 and geometric traits ranged from -0.24 to +0.40. In conclusion, we examined relationships between @entity170 based on genome-wide associations. Most of the similarity between the quantitative bone phenotypes may be attributed to pleiotropic effects of genes. This knowledge may prove helpful in defining the best phenotypes to be used in genetic studies of @entity170 .

title: Genome-wide pleiotropy of XXXX -related phenotypes: the Framingham Study.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis-related traits', 'Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Protease and elastase from @entity796 were inoculated in female @entity19 by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural and intranasal route, and the lethality and damage of various organs were examined. The protease and elastase exhibited respectively the following @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) values in 24 hr; 300 and 375 mug inoculated intravenously; 200 and 125-250 mug intraperitoneally; and 100 and 62.5 mug intrapleurally. The instillation of a defined dose of the enzyme by the intranasal route was difficult to control, therefore the @entity2085 could not be defined exactly. The protease and elastase were capable of eliciting @entity548 at various organs of @entity19 according to the route of inoculation. Of protease, intravenous injections elicited @entity548 at the lungs and parietal bone-area, and severe one in the medullary area of kidney. The intraperitoneal injection resulted in @entity548 of the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and @entity344 . Intrapleural injections and intranasal instillation resulted in @entity548 . Of elastase, intravenous injections elicited @entity548 , @entity548 in the medullary area of kidney and cerebral ventricles, and @entity548 at the stomach-walls. The intraperitoneal injections resulted in @entity548 at the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and gastointestinal serosa. Intrapleural injections resulted in @entity548 , and petechiae at the diaphragm and pleura. Intranasal instillation resulted in @entity548 .

title: In vivo studies on protease and elastase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'minimum lethal dose']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['confluent pulmonary hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'petechial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal serosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Two hundred and seven @entity64 @entity1 were tested with Standardized Practical Equipment (SPE) three months after a @entity64 . One year after the @entity64 183 survivors from this @entity64 population were tested with the equipment. The SPE test consists of 12 common daily activities, which the @entity1 was asked to perform. The construct validity of SPE was estimated by factor analysis from the results of one-year follow-up. Three factors explained 82% of the variance of the 12 variables of SPE. Factor 1 mainly concerned cognitive factors and co-ordination, @entity8876 construction and hand function and Factor 3 variables that were dependent on mobility and balance. No significant difference was noted between the performance with SPE three months and one year after the @entity64 among the one-year survivors. There were some differences between @entity1 and @entity1 ; for example the @entity1 were more successful in tasks with technical components. The @entity1 had more difficulty with some of the tasks involving mobility, such as climbing stairs without support. The Standardized Practical Equipment gave good additive information about the ability of a @entity64 @entity1 to manage at home and could be used in any set-up.

title: Testing daily functions post- XXXX with standardized practical equipment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The incidence of @entity420 in @entity30 is reported in the literature to be higher than in the normal population. The authors report two cases of @entity420 observed during the course of @entity30 and, by comparing these findings with earlier published data, highlight their characteristics. Two @entity1 , a 53-year-old @entity1 and a 62-year-old @entity1 , are reported as suffering from @entity30 . The @entity1 underwent resection of the right colon with ileo-transversostomy due to stenosis twenty years earlier, whereas diagnosis in the male @entity1 dates back to an appendicectomy 11 years earlier. Surgery, which was performed in both due to subocclusion which failed to respond to @entity134 therapy, showed the typical alterations of @entity30 . An @entity420 was also found in both @entity1 in the stenotic zone with highly dysplasic foci. The @entity1 presented a @entity1581 of an IgA-type with light lambda chains and Bence-Jones' @entity644 . Both @entity1 are living and enjoy apparently good health respectively 2 and 6 years after surgery. The authors emphasize that the association between @entity30 and @entity420 cannot be considered casual. In the literature the relative risk is reported to be between 6 and 320 times higher, with approximately 1 out of 350 @entity1 suffering from both diseases contemporaneously. In the series reported earlier, 2 cases of @entity189 were diagnosed in 38 @entity30 @entity1 studied over a period of 12 years out of a total population of 114000 inhabitants, with a frequency of @entity189 of 5.13% compared to 0.3% reported in the literature. The incidence of @entity30 was 2.84/100000 per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Ileal XXXX in @entity30 . A report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's ileal disease", "Crohn's", "Crohn's ileitis", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'intestinal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The mutagenicity of @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) was compared with that of coffee, a complex mixture which generates @entity5568 . An @entity526 defective in catalase activity (katG katE double mutant) and carrying a single copy mucAB (pRW144) plasmid was constructed to enhance the mutagenic response to oxidants. The ability of the mucAB genes to influence the type, frequency and distribution of @entity5568 -induced mutations was also investigated in isogenic bacteria lacking pRW144. Induced mutational spectra were characterized and compared with that of spontaneous mutagenesis. A total of 444 independent forward mutations affecting the first 210 bp of the lacI gene were identified by DNA sequence analysis. The spontaneous mutation spectrum showed no bias (P = 0.52) for substitutions at G:C base pairs. In contrast, in the @entity5568 -induced spectrum substitutions occurred preferentially at G:C base pairs (P < 0.0001) with a preponderance of G: @entity6344 :A transversions (43.4% of @entity5568 -induced mutants versus 17.3% of spontaneous mutants). These data support the view that @entity24580 is the main premutagenic lesion induced by @entity5568 and that catalase-defective bacteria have elevated levels of @entity25469 in chromosome DNA after @entity5568 exposure. Coffee produced a similar distribution of mutational events as @entity5568 (P > 0.05), suggesting that this compound may be the main cause of the coffee-induced mutagenesis. The presence of plasmid pRW144 did not affect the frequency of @entity5568 -induced G: @entity6344 :A transversions, but caused an increase in A:T-->T:A transversions and a decrease in -1 base frameshifts. Although the frequencies of G: @entity6344 :A transversions were similar in all three induced spectra ( @entity5568 and coffee +/- pRW144), differences were observed in location of mutations throughout the target gene.

title: @entity273 and coffee induce G: @entity6344 :A transversions in the lacI gene of catalase-defective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity24580 :: ('MESH:C453560', 'Chemical') :: ['7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of long-segment posterior instrumentation and allograft application in obtaining fusion in @entity1635 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity1635 who were treated with long-segment posterior instrumentation (>6 levels) and freeze-dried allograft and followed up for more than 24 months were reviewed. Six @entity1 were excluded from the study due to anterior procedures. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1635 (13 females, 2 males; mean age: 12.2    3 years, range: 7-17 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Mean follow-up time was 30.9    9.4 (range: 24 to 48) months. Six @entity1 had laminectomy either due to previous posterior surgeries or to address intraspinal pathologies during the posterior fusion procedure. Preoperative, postoperative and final follow-up anteroposterior and lateral spine X-rays were reviewed. Fusion was graded according to the classification reported by Bridwell et al. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were graded as 'no fusion' ( @entity1516 ), four @entity1 as 'probably fused', and nine @entity1 as 'definitely fused'. The major curve was corrected from an average of 68    18.6 to 39.3    12.2 degrees (p<0.001). Mean correction lost in the major curve was an average of 4.5    5.2 degrees in the latest follow-up. There was significant correction in the compensatory curve (preoperative 37.9    13.2 degrees, postoperative 20.2    6.6 degrees; p=0.001). Preoperative and @entity86 were 39.5    13.3 and 32.3    7.9 degrees, respectively (p=0.018). @entity86 was 36.3    7.4 and 36.1    8.9 degrees, respectively (p=0.883). Successful fusion was detected in %86.7 of @entity1 in the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: The usage of allograft alone to achieve fusion increases the rates of @entity1516 while additional anterior procedure decreases the @entity1516 rate in @entity1 with @entity1635 that require long-segment posterior instrumentation. Further studies should be performed to assess the efficacy of the usage of polysegment pedicle screw instrumentation.

title: Long-segment posterior instrumentation and fusion with freeze-dried allograft in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative and postoperative global lumbar lordosis', 'postoperative global thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['congenital scoliosis']


abstract: In this study, intravenous injection of several doses of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH: 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.5 micrograms/g body wt), @entity291 TSH (bTSH: 0.5 micrograms/g body wt), and ovine growth hormone (oGH: 0.04, 0.02, and 0.4 microgram/g body wt) stimulated an increase in plasma @entity1955 (T4) and reverse @entity1954 ( @entity3938 ) in tilapia. This effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner. pFSH was the most potent in stimulating thyroid function. The dose of 0.002 microgram pFSH/g body wt increased plasma levels of T4 over control levels (2.59 +/- 0.16 ng/ml) about 2.5-fold within 4 hr, whereas a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/g body wt caused a great and prolonged increase of T4 and @entity3938 levels. Control levels (2.59 +/- 0.16 ng/ml for T4 and 40.37 +/- 8.60 pg/ml for @entity3938 ) were increased 19- and 22-fold respectively, over 24 hr. An increase of T4 and @entity3938 levels occurred also after injection of total hypophyseal extract and Con A II glycoprotein fraction of a tilapia pituitary homogenate, whereas the protein fraction failed to alter plasma concentrations of T4 and @entity3938 . @entity3938 levels were also significantly increased at 2 hr, but not at 1 hr, after injection of T4. Basal @entity3938 levels (1.90 +/- 0.22 ng/ml) were reduced by half over 24 hr in all experiments. These results suggest the existence, in tilapia, of a 5-D pathway deiodination of T4 which is pituitary independent. Stimulation of T4 release is always followed by an increase in plasma @entity3938 levels.

title: Stimulation of thyroid function by several pituitary hormones results in an increase in plasma @entity1955 and reverse XXXX in tilapia (Tilapia nilotica).

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: To evaluate the success rates of transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation (TD-CPC) for refractory secondary @entity726 in a paediatric @entity1 with @entity4932 . Report of a case of a 6-year-old @entity1 suffering from severe @entity1596 , and secondary open @entity726 . The @entity1 had undergone bilateral cataract surgery, two prior trabeculectomies in the left and one in the right eye. He was under systemic immunomodulation with @entity1499 and @entity205 . He presented with medically uncontrolled @entity726 , with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 36 and 34  mmHg in the right and left eye, respectively, under maximal medical antiglaucoma therapy. TD-CPC was performed under general anesthesia, including a total of 20 spots in the right and 34 in the left eye (2,000  mW, 2  s/spot) applied in one session. Visual acuity remained stable in the right eye and deteriorated in the left eye from 0.1 to no light perception. @entity86 was present 1  month post op and IOP was 14  mmHg in the left and 17  mmHg in the right eye, respectively, in the 6-month follow-up with a topical beta-blocker. The anterior chamber was quiet in both eyes. TD-CPC was effective in the short term as IOP lowering therapy in a pediatric @entity1 with refractory @entity726 .

title: Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for refractory XXXX secondary to @entity4932 : a short term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'uveitic glaucoma', 'angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hypotony']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: To describe the clinical features and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6990 . We reviewed the records of 111 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6990 seen at the Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, from January 1996 to December 2006. Demographic and clinical features, recurrence rate, and visual outcome were analyzed. Fifty @entity1 were male, 61 were female. Mean age at presentation was 39.2    16.5 (6-74) years. Three @entity1097 @entity1 had bilateral involvement. Twelve @entity1 had active or a past episode of herpes @entity6435 . Ocular findings were granulamatous anterior @entity1596 (93%), @entity267 (57%), @entity2790 (51%), @entity1539 (48%), distorted pupil (25%), and posterior @entity5862 (26%). @entity726 developed in two @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had @entity1347 . The recurrence rate was 0.45/ @entity1 -year. Topical corticosteroids and oral antiviral therapy were administered to all @entity1 during active episodes. Long-term prophylactic oral @entity1033 was used in 13%. Final visual acuity was worse than 0.5 in 17% of the involved eyes and was due to corneal scarring or @entity231 formation. @entity1 with @entity5502 only had no permanent @entity227 . Herpetic anterior @entity1596 is a recurrent @entity738 commonly associated with @entity2687 , @entity1539 , and transient intraocular pressure rise. Visual prognosis is good, especially in @entity1 who have only anterior @entity1596 without @entity2687 .

title: Clinical features and prognosis of XXXX : a retrospective study of 111 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['active keratitis or corneal scars']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris atrophy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity6435 :: ('MESH:D006563', 'Disease') :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease', 'corneal involvement']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity6990 :: (MESH:D014606,Disease) :: ['herpetic anterior uveitis']


abstract: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) and @entity320 ( @entity320 ) occur together often in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated @entity5 . They differ, however, in their biologic behavior and recommended treatment. Investigators have therefore explored a variety of special techniques, including electron microscopy (EM) and immunoperoxidase (IP), to classify these @entity5 accurately and to separate them from each other. To determine the usefulness of IP and EM in the classification of these @entity5 , we applied a Fontana-Masson stain and IP probes for @entity2277 , @entity10598 ( @entity10598 ), @entity1 @entity320 black (HMB)-45, and @entity2281 protein to twelve MMs and nine MFHs, all of which had available EM studies. Three of twelve MMs were amelanotic. All @entity5 contained @entity2277 . Eight of twelve MMs and six of nine MFHs contained @entity10598 . Ten of twelve MMs and no MFHs contained HMB-45. Eleven of twelve MMs and, surprisingly, two of nine @entity5 classified by light and EM as MFHs contained @entity2281 protein. When problems arose with either IP negativity or potentially misleading cross-reactivity, careful EM study allowed definitive classification.

title: @entity1418 and XXXX : the role of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'MM', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2771 (PG) may cause @entity56 or irritant contact @entity1909 . It primarily functions as a vehicle, solvent, or emulsifier in cosmetics and topical medications. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the prevalence of positive patch-test reactions to PG and the epidemiology of affected @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data compiled by the North American @entity5526 Group (NACDG) from 1996 to 2006. RESULTS: Of 23,359 @entity1 , 810 (3.5%) had @entity56 patch-test reactions to 30% PG; 12.8% of the reactions were of definite clinical relevance (positive reaction to a personal product containing PG), 88.3% were considered to be currently relevant (definite, probable, or possible relevance), and 4.2% of reactions were occupation related, most commonly to mechanical and motor vehicle occupations. Common sources of PG were personal care products (creams, lotions, and cosmetics, 53.8%), topical @entity288 (18.3%), and other topical medicaments (10.1%). In @entity1 positive only to PG (n = 135), the face was most commonly affected (25.9%), followed by a scattered or generalized pattern (23.7%). The most common concomitant reactions included reactions to Myroxilon pereirae, fragrance mix, @entity406 , @entity3637 , @entity23572 / @entity10422 , carba mix, and @entity20017 . CONCLUSIONS: In this select population of @entity1 referred for patch testing, @entity56 to PG were often currently clinically relevant but were rarely related to occupation. The most common sources were personal care products and topical corticosteroids.

title: Positive patch-test reactions to @entity2771 : a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from the North American XXXX Group, 1996 to 2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20017 :: ('MESH:C019112', 'Chemical') :: ['tixocortol pivalate']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['Propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['Contact Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity23572 :: ('MESH:C039411', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldibromoglutaronitrile']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity10422 :: ('MESH:C005398', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxyethanol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5526 :: (MESH:D003877,Disease) :: ['Contact Dermatitis']


abstract: Treatment of intracranial @entity438 by interventional neurovascular techniques is now being performed in selected cases. From a transfemoral approach, under local anesthesia, a detachable silicone microballoon can be guided through the intracranial circulation, directed into the @entity439 , inflated with a polymerizing agent for solidification, and detached. The goal is to exclude the @entity439 from the circulation and preserve flow through the parent artery. Since 1984, 84 @entity1 have been treated by this technique. The @entity1 ranged in age from 15 to 83 years (mean age, 48) and included 63 females and 21 males. The distribution of @entity439 included 59 in the anterior circulation and 25 in the posterior circulation. The presenting symptom or cause was mass effect in 45 @entity1 (53.6%), @entity510 in 31 @entity1 (36.9%), @entity13669 resulting from rupture of an intracavernous @entity439 in six cases (7.1%), @entity130 in one case, and transient @entity2806 due to emboli in one case. Permanent complications directly related to therapy included 15 @entity204 and nine cases of @entity64 . Clinical and radiologic follow-ups were performed 1, 3, and 12 months after treatment; duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 68 months (mean, 35.5 months). In 65 cases (77.4%) there was evidence of complete @entity439 , and in 19 cases 922.6%) there was subtotal occlusion greater than 85%. Interventional techniques for treatment of @entity438 may be useful as a therapeutic alternative in those @entity1 not amenable to standard surgical therapy.

title: Treatment of @entity438 with preservation of the parent vessel: results of percutaneous balloon embolization in 84 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-cavernous sinus fistula']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'arterial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Inadequate midfacial and forebrain development may result from constitutional chromosome aberrations, gene defects and, possibly, from as yet unidentified terato-genetic agents. The spectrum of clinical manifestations ranges from @entity10146 with grossly incomplete organogenesis of the forebrain to apparently minor deviation from normal midface morphogenesis presenting as @entity10700 or absence of the philtrum. Such minor @entity2652 may, however, be likewise accompanied by @entity154 in brain development and function. We report six cases of @entity154 in @entity1 without demonstrable @entity2008 . The presenting clinical symptoms in these cases were anomalies of cranio-facial shape, @entity10700 ; nasal and ocular malformations, as well as median clefts. Some cases presented additional defects in extra craniofacial regions. Two @entity1 who survived for several hours showed evidence of @entity15407 on CT-scans. Three of the cases suggest autosomal-recessive inheritance with 25% recurrence risk on the basis of proven or highly probable parental consanguinity. The remaining, presumably sporadic cases carry a low empirical recurrence risk. Three of the six cases received direct or indirect hormone treatments during early pregnancy.

title: [ XXXX --clinical picture and genetic counseling in 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['holoprosencephaly defects', 'severe anomaly']

entities_list: @entity15407 :: ('MESH:C566067', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain defects']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphias']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['hypotelorism']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

answer: @entity10146 :: (MESH:D016142,Disease) :: ['Holoprosencephaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hyperbaric @entity26 treatment (HBOT) has been found to improve the healing of poorly oxygenated tissues. This study aimed to investigate the influence of HBOT on the healing in @entity14 . METHODS: Forty @entity35 were randomly divided into a treatment group that received HBOT for 10 consecutive days (7  days before and 3  days after surgery), or in a control group, which did not receive the therapy. Colectomy with an @entity63 anastomosis was performed in all @entity35 . In each group, the @entity35 were followed for 3 or 7  days after surgery to determine the influence of HBOT on anastomotic healing. RESULTS: Five @entity35 from each group died during follow-up. No anastomotic dehiscence was seen in the HBOT group, compared to 37.5  % and 28.6  % dehiscence in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 3 and 7, respectively. The HBOT group had a significantly higher bursting pressure (130.9        17.0  mmHg) than the control group (88.4        46.7  mmHg; p   =   0.03) on POD 3. On POD 3 and POD 7, the adhesion severity was significantly higher in the control groups than in the HBOT groups (p   <   0.005). Kidney function ( @entity1011 level) of the HBOT group was significantly better than of the control group on POD 7 (p   =   0.001). Interestingly, a significantly higher number of CD206+ cells (marker for type 2 macrophages) was observed in the HBOT group at the anastomotic area on POD 3. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric @entity26 enhanced the healing of @entity63 anastomoses in @entity35 and improved the postoperative kidney function.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX therapy improves colorectal anastomotic healing.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans in an individually matched case-control study of @entity1 with @entity173 were analysed. There were widespread deficits in the femoral @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and cortical thickness of cases, and cortical @entity79 and thickness discriminated @entity173 independently of @entity1555 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). INTRODUCTION: Acknowledging the limitations of QCT associated with partial volume effects, we used QCT in an individually matched case-control study of @entity1 with @entity173 to better understand its structural basis. METHODS: Fifty postmenopausal @entity1 (55-89 years) who had sustained @entity173 due to low-energy trauma underwent QCT scans of the contralateral hip within 3 months of the @entity174 . For each case, postmenopausal @entity1 , matched by age (  5 years), weight (  5 kg) and height (  5 cm), were recruited as controls. We quantified cortical, trabecular and integral @entity79 and apparent cortical thickness (AppCtTh) in four quadrants of cross-sections along the length of the @entity2738 ( @entity2738 ), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ), intertrochanter and trochanter and examined their association with @entity173 . RESULTS: @entity1 with hip or intracapsular (IC) @entity174 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower @entity79 and AppCtTh than the controls in the majority of cross-sections and quadrants of the proximal femur, and both cortical and trabecular compartments are involved. Cortical @entity79 and AppCtTh in the @entity2738 and @entity2249 were associated with hip and @entity174 independent of hip @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). The combination of AppCtTh and trabecular or integral @entity79 discriminated @entity173 , whereas the combination of @entity2738 and @entity2249 AppCtTh discriminated @entity174 significantly (p < 0.05) better than the hip @entity1555 . CONCLUSION: Deficits in @entity79 and AppCtTh in cases were widespread in the proximal femur, and cortical @entity79 and AppCtTh discriminated @entity173 independently of @entity1555 by DXA.

title: Distribution of bone density and cortical thickness in the proximal femur and their association with @entity173 in postmenopausal XXXX : a quantitative computed tomography study.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['IC fracture', 'fracture', 'IC fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['aBMD', 'areal BMD', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['vBMD', 'volumetric bone mineral density']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'femoral head']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of optimizing prophylactic dosing of factor VIII by the use of individual pharmacokinetic data. Twenty-one @entity1 were enrolled in a randomized cross-over study on standard dosage regimens vs. dosing according to pharmacokinetic principles. The study period was 2 6 months. Using single-dose pharmacokinetic data for each @entity1 , plasma factor VIII procoagulant activity ( @entity2801 : C) curves following various doses and intervals were computer-simulated. From these calculations, a suitable dosage was chosen. @entity2801 : C was also repeatedly measured during study periods. Trough levels of @entity2801 : C, numbers of spontaneous joint bleedings and amounts of factor concentrate used during the two study periods were compared for each @entity1 . There was a close correlation between predicted and measured values of @entity2801 : C. As the half-lives of @entity2801 : C in the @entity1 varied from 7.8 to 18.3 h, it was obviously beneficial to base the dosage on individual pharmacokinetic data. Fourteen @entity1 completed both study periods. Mean trough level of exogenous @entity2801 : C was raised from 0.89 (SD 0.73) U dL(-1) during standard dosage to 2.2 (1.5) U dL(-1) during pharmacokinetic dosage. Concomitantly, mean 6-month consumption of factor VIII was decreased from 124   000 (SD 30   000) units to 84   000 (31   000) units. Numbers of reported bleedings were generally similar during both periods. The study demonstrates the usefulness of individual pharmacokinetics as a tool for cost-effective utilization of factor VIII in the prophylactic treatment of @entity447 .

title: Improved cost-effectiveness by pharmacokinetic dosing of factor VIII in prophylactic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity2918 of the E1 class stimulate duodenal mucosal @entity3157 secretion, whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity3352 , decreases both mucosal @entity1421 and @entity3157 production. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a synthetic @entity5015 , enisoprost, diminished the inhibitory effects of @entity3352 on mucosal @entity3157 secretion. In seven healthy subjects the proximal 4 cm of duodenum was isolated by occluding balloons. The isolated test segment was perfused with 154 mM @entity1219 (2 ml/min, 37 degrees C). Each subject participated in four separate tests in random order. @entity3352 , 50 mg, or placebo was given 13 and 1 hr before testing. After measuring basal @entity3157 secretion, either 100 micrograms of @entity5015 or placebo (in 154 mM @entity1219 ) was perfused into the test segment over 30 min. As anticipated, @entity5015 significantly increased duodenal mucosal @entity3157 secretion, and @entity3352 decreased resting @entity3157 secretion. @entity3352 pretreatment significantly enhanced (P less than 0.03) the mucosa's response to PGE1 compared to PGE1 alone. These results further support the observations that endogenous @entity2918 , in part, regulate @entity1 proximal duodenal @entity3157 secretion. Furthermore, suppression of endogenous prostaglandin generation results in an increased sensitivity of the duodenal mucosa to PGE1.

title: Cyclooxygenase inhibition with @entity3352 increases @entity1 duodenal mucosal response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: We report 6 cases of crushing @entity542 produced by static loading forces, which are defined as those that occur over a longer period of time (> 200 ms) and are applied over a large area. @entity1 ranged in age from 4 to 53 years. There were five male and one female. The causes of injuries in 5 cases were industrial accidents. In one case, the @entity1 's head was run over by a motor vehicle in a parking lot. Glasgow @entity772 Scale scores ranged from 3 to 12. Three @entity1 had @entity2972 and @entity5254 . Computed tomograms showed multiple @entity174 , as well as intracranial @entity1410 , @entity5745 and @entity4 . In 4 cases, fatal compressive @entity75 occurred. Compression of the skull beyond a certain degree causes damages to the brain itself and the great vessels through cerebral compression. We consider that this damage may contribute to mortality in such injuries.

title: [Crushing XXXX : report of six cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial and basilar cranial fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral swelling']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity2972 :: ('MESH:D002558', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: Small bowel and its mesentery contain considerable amounts of lymphoid tissue that can mediate graft-versus-host disease in small bowel transplant (SBT) recipients. Present studies determined the existence of GVHD in a fully allogeneic SBT model and examined the effect of donor pretreatment with @entity2655 in eliminating GVHD. Adult male Lewis (Lew) @entity35 received orthotopic small bowel transplants from untreated (LewxBN)F1 (LBNF1) donors (group 1) or Brown Norway (BN) donors that were untreated (group 2) or pretreated with @entity2655 (days -2 and -1) (group 3). All recipients were treated with @entity205 15 mg/kg/day i.m. on days 0-6 postoperatively. Animals were weighed and examined daily for signs of rejection and GVHD. No animals in groups 1 or 3 showed any physical signs of GVHD, but all of those in group 2 had characteristic @entity353 , @entity294 , and @entity1909 between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, from which they all recovered. Histologic examination of skin and spleen at this time confirmed the presence of GVHD. The relative spleen weight [( spleen weight/body weight] x 100) of group 2 animals was also significantly greater than that of unoperated control Lew animals. Spleen cells obtained from group 2 animals at the time of subclinical GVHD, but not cells from group 1 or 3 animals, caused enlargement of popliteal lymph nodes when they were injected into the footpads of Lew @entity35 . This study shows that GVHD can manifest itself in recipients of a fully allogeneic small bowel transplant even when rejection is prevented by effective immunosuppression with CsA. However, combined use of recipient treatment with @entity870 and pretreatment of donor animals with @entity2655 eliminates all manifestations of GVHD.

title: Graft-versus-host disease in fully allogeneic small bowel transplantation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown in many types of @entity5 including the @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Although there are many new and innovative approaches in the treatment of @entity213 , a clear marker of this disease is still missing. Three candidate miRNAs ( @entity22869 -3p, @entity27164 -5p and @entity26261 -3p) were studied in connection with @entity213 using quantitative real-time PCR expression levels in 42 tissue samples of @entity213 @entity1 and histologically normal @entity5 -adjacent tissue samples of these @entity1 . Primary @entity213 tissues can be distinguished from histologically normal-matched noncancerous @entity5 -adjacent tissues based on hsa- @entity26261 -3p expression (sensitivity 87.5  %, specificity 65  %). Additionally, a significant decrease of hsa- @entity27164 -5p expression was revealed in @entity5 -adjacent tissue samples of @entity1 with node positivity. Lower expression of hsa- @entity27164 -5p and hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity213 tissue was associated with higher @entity5 grade. Consequently, survival analysis was performed. Lower expression of hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity5 -adjacent tissue was associated with worse overall and disease-specific survivals. Lower expression of @entity22869 -3p in tumourous tissue was associated with worse relapse-free survival. hsa- @entity26261 -3p seems to be a relatively promising diagnostic marker in @entity213 but is not suitable for prognosis of @entity1 . Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of histologically normal @entity5 -adjacent tissue in @entity213 progress (significant decrease of hsa- @entity27164 -5p expression in @entity5 -adjacent tissue of @entity1 with node positivity and low expression of hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity213 -adjacent tissue associated with worse prognosis).

title: Expression profiles of @entity22869 , @entity27164 and @entity26261 in XXXX and @entity5 -adjacent tissues of head and neck cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC tumour', 'HNSCC carcinoma', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity647 ( @entity647 ) though a serious blood transfusion reaction with a @entity3329 rate of 5-25  % presents with acute @entity649 with hypoxaemia and @entity4 within 6  h of transfusion. In non fatal cases, it may resolve within 72  h or earlier. Although reported with an incidence of 1:5000, its true occurrence is rather unknown. Pathogenesis is believed to be related to sequestration and adhesion of neutrophils to the pulmonary capillary endothelium and its activation leading to its destruction and leaks. The @entity1 's underlying condition, anti-neutrophil antibody in the transfused donor plasma and certain lipids that accumulate in routinely stores blood and components are important in its aetiopathogenesis. @entity1 's predisposing conditions include @entity5 , major surgery (especially cardiac), @entity130 and @entity281 . The more commonly incriminated products include fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets (whole blood derived and apheresis), whole blood and Packed RBC. Occasional cases involving cryoprecipitate and Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVig) have also been reported. We present a 15  year single institution experience of @entity647 , during which we observed 9 cases among 170,871 transfusions, giving an incidence of 1:19,000. We did not encounter cases of @entity5 or cardiac surgery in our @entity647 @entity1 . Among the blood products, that could be related to @entity647 in our @entity1 included solitary cases receiving cryoprecipitate, IVIg, and recombinant Factor VII apart from platelets and FFP. All @entity1 were treated with @entity26 support. Six @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. Off label @entity701 was given to all @entity1 . There were no cases of @entity3329 among our @entity1 .

title: Transfusion Related XXXX ( @entity647 ): A Single Institution Experience of 15  Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['TRALI', 'Transfusion related acute Lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and histopathological features of a 61-year-old male with a history of @entity484 , @entity565 and @entity161 on long-term @entity2644 medication, who developed a @entity5 in association with bilateral @entity1709 . PROCEDURES: The @entity1 was referred for a routine @entity231 assessment, and an incidental pink gelatinous limbal lesion was detected on the left side, associated with bilateral speckled brown @entity2118 . The limbal lesion and @entity2118 were biopsied. The tissue was fixed in standard buffered @entity406 and processed to paraffin wax, and sections were stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 . Tissue from the pigmented area was also processed for transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The biopsy from the limbal lesion showed an in situ @entity957 associated with prominent numbers of intra-epithelial eosinophils. The biopsy of the pigmented area showed bilateral @entity1709 without atypia. The latter was attributable to an increase in melanin production rather than to melanocyte @entity1373 . Melanophages were also present in the adjacent substantia propria. These pigment changes were entirely compatible with @entity2644 -induced secondary @entity1709 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper highlights the first documented occurrence of in situ @entity957 with bilateral @entity2644 -induced conjunctival secondary @entity1709 . This clinically masqueraded as in situ @entity320 /primary acquired @entity1709 and @entity320 . @entity1709 is rare, has many causes and, in this case, was drug induced. This highlights the importance of thorough history taking and illustrates that not all @entity66 are in situ @entity320 , primary acquired @entity1709 or invasive @entity320 . Lastly, atopy was a risk factor for the development of this in situ @entity957 .

title: Unilateral Conjunctival in situ @entity957 with Bilateral Conjunctival XXXX -Induced Secondary Melanosis Masquerading as in situ and @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented and amelanotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral limbal tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis', 'Bilateral melanosis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['brown pigmentation', 'conjunctival pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'invasive melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['Chlorpromazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low degrees of @entity912 (i.e., a @entity3370 [ @entity3370 ] ratio > 0.4) are relatively frequent, difficult to detect, and still potentially harmful. Unfortunately, the appropriate dose of anticholinesterase for this situation has not been determined. This may be of clinical interest because a high dose of @entity1339 given at a shallow level of @entity4094 may produce @entity425 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-effect relationship of @entity1339 to antagonize @entity912 corresponding to a @entity3370 ratio of 0.4 and 0.6. METHODS: Recovery after 10, 20, 30 microg/kg @entity1339 or placebo given at either 0.4 or 0.6 @entity3370 ratio was assessed by acceleromyography in 120 @entity1 undergoing intravenous anesthesia. Time to a 0.9 and 1.0 @entity3370 ratio was measured, and the probability of successful reversal within 10 min after the respective @entity1339 doses was calculated. In addition, the dose of @entity1339 needed to achieve the recovery targets in 5 or 10 min was also determined. RESULTS: When given at a @entity3370 ratio of either 0.4 or 0.6, time to 0.9 and 1.0 @entity3370 ratio was significantly shorter with any dose of @entity1339 than without. The probability of successful reversal after 20 microg/kg @entity1339 was 100% when a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 was the target; for a @entity3370 ratio of 1.0, the probability was 93% and 67%, dependent on whether the dose of @entity1339 was given at @entity3370 ratio of 0.6 or 0.4, respectively. With a dose of 30 microg/kg, a @entity3370 ratio of 1.0 is expected to be reached within approximately 5 min. Low doses of @entity1339 are required to reach a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 or to accept an interval of 10 min. CONCLUSION: Reduced doses (10-30 microg/kg) of @entity1339 are effective in antagonizing shallow @entity5159 block. For successful reversal within 10 min, as little as 20 microg/kg @entity1339 may be sufficient. These dose recommendations are specific for @entity5159 and an intravenous anesthetic background.

title: Antagonism of low degrees of @entity5159 -induced XXXX : dose-effect relationship for @entity1339 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['residual paralysis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: The cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) has been implicated in the development of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity3669 ) decreases amyloid-b (Ab) production, which is involved in @entity195 pathogenesis, by inhibiting b-secretase ( @entity6705 ) activity. @entity4069 ( @entity4069 ) has also been implicated in the development of @entity195 by a genome-wide association study. Here we measured @entity3669 and @entity4069 in frontal cortex samples from 24 @entity195 and 24 age-matched control brains and correlated the expression of these proteins with markers of @entity195 . @entity3669 was @entity195 compared to controls (by 49%, p=0.014) but there was no difference in @entity4069 between @entity195 and controls (p=0.217). @entity3669 significantly inversely correlated with @entity6705 activity (rs=-0.358, p=0.006), Ab load (rs=-0.456, p=0.001), soluble Ab (rs=-0.283, p=0.026) and insoluble Ab (rs=-0.353, p=0.007) and @entity3669 also significantly inversely correlated with the stage of disease, as indicated by Braak tangle stage (rs=-0.377, p=0.007). @entity4069 did not correlate with Ab load (rs=0.040, p=0.393), soluble Ab (rs=0.113, p=0.223) or insoluble Ab (rs=0.169, p=0.125). @entity3669 was also measured in frontal cortex samples from 9 @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and 8 age-matched control brains. In contrast to @entity195 , there was no difference in @entity3669 ) in the @entity1467 brains compared to controls (p=0.625). These data are consistent with a role for @entity3669 ) in regulating Ab production and indicate that brain @entity3669 ) level may be important in influencing the onset and progression of @entity195 .

title: Prion protein is decreased in XXXX and inversely correlates with @entity6705 activity, amyloid-b levels and Braak stage.

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic AD', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'decreased in sporadic AD']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's brain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic venous outflow is important for graft survival in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). If hepatic @entity3181 occurs, hepatic vein stenting is considered to restore the patency. PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and patency of primary hepatic vein stenting for hepatic @entity3181 (HVOO) after LDLT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Percutaneous interventions, including hepatic vein stent placement with or without balloon angioplasty, were performed in 21 @entity1 who had undergone LDLT and had HVOO confirmed through hepatic venography or manometry, including the @entity1 who had a structural abnormality. Two stents each were inserted in four @entity1 ; therefore, the total number of treated anastomoses was 25. Technical success, patency rates, and pressure gradients between hepatic veins and the right atrium were evaluated in 19 @entity1 each. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 25 of 26 vessels (96%). The mean interval between operation and stenting was 43 days. After the procedure, the follow-up period was a mean 530 days. The mean pressure gradient decreased from 8.5   mmHg to 2.1   mmHg after treatment (P   <   0.01). The patency rates of the 25 vessels were 80% at 1, 2, and 3 years after stent placement. However, middle hepatic vein stenting revealed a low patency rate (all were 36%). Three of seven stents (43%) in the middle hepatic vein occluded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous primary hepatic vein stent replacement is an effective treatment for HVOO after LDLT.

title: Efficacy and patency of primary stenting for hepatic XXXX after living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['venous outflow obstruction']


abstract: A @entity6886 device has been designed for the performance of sutureless colonic anastomoses. The use of this biofragmentable @entity254 ring (BAR) was compared with conventional techniques in a prospective, randomized study of 59 @entity1 (x age, 49 years) undergoing ileocolostomy (n = 23) or colocolostomy (n = 36). The anastomotic technique was determined at surgery by randomization (BAR, 27 @entity1 ; suture, 16 @entity1 ; staple, 16 @entity1 ). Performance of an @entity254 with the BAR required an average of 22 minutes, a stapled @entity254 required 33 minutes, and the suture technique required 37 minutes. Learning curve error contributed to the six intraoperative complications that occurred with performance of the @entity254 (BAR, three; end-to-end @entity254 [EEA] instrument, three). The two postoperative deaths were unrelated to the @entity254 . Length of hospitalization in uncomplicated @entity1 was the same among the three groups. The 17 @entity1 with prolonged hospitalization had complications unrelated to anastomotic technique. All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 6 weeks; no additional complications were identified. We concluded that 1) the BAR is a rapid, safe method for performance of sutureless anastomoses; 2) perioperative mortality and morbidity rates of the BAR are comparable to conventional techniques of suture and staple; and 3) long-term follow-up of BAR @entity1 is warranted to determine the incidence of complications, such as structure and/or @entity850 .

title: A new technique for sutureless intestinal XXXX . A prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: AIM: Diverting loop ileostomy is used to minimize the impact of @entity532 after @entity4256 ( @entity4256 ). However, the ileostomy itself may have complications and therefore affect quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of complications of the ileostomy formation and closure and of the QOL of these @entity1 . METHOD: Forty-four consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity4256 were enrolled. Records of the ileostomy follow-up were retrieved from a prospectively collected database and QOL was assessed with the Stoma-QOL questionnaire. Ileostomy site coordinates were measured. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: In this series, three @entity1 experienced peristomal herniae, two @entity850 , seven ileostomy retraction and fourteen @entity1909 . Emergency surgery was the only predictor of @entity547 (P = 0.017). @entity850 correlated with the distance from the umbilicus (tau = 0.24, P = 0.021). Use of standard rod and retraction were independent predictors of @entity1909 (P = 0.049 and P = 0.001). Stoma-QOL was directly correlated to the age of the @entity1 and to the occurrence of @entity547 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). After stoma closure, two @entity1 reported wound @entity295 and seven @entity2749 . CONCLUSION: The predictors of negative outcome after construction of a diverting loop ileostomy after @entity4256 were urgent surgery, use of standard rod, the distance of the stoma site from the umbilicus, parastomal herniae and the older age of @entity1 .

title: Diverting loop ileostomy after XXXX : predictors of poor outcome and poor quality of life.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['suffered obstructive episodes']

entities_list: @entity4256 :: ('MESH:D054019', 'Disease') :: ['RPC', 'restorative proctocolectomy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic complication']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['parastomal hernia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ileostomy stenosis', 'Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['peristomal dermatitis']

answer: @entity4256 :: (MESH:D054019,Disease) :: ['restorative proctocolectomy']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common cause of progressive intellectual failure and @entity2414 among the elderly, affecting over 4 million Americans. A hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of b-amyloid, whose @entity2359 has been well documented. A therapeutic approach may be to ameliorate this @entity137 . Garlic has antioxidant, anti-aging and anti- @entity63 properties. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether aged garlic extract attenuates the effect of neurotoxin, b-amyloid 25-35 (Ab) in neuronal PC12 cells. Proliferating (non-neuronal) PC12 cells were treated with the nerve growth factor for at least 4 days before experiments were initiated. This treatment differentiates PC12 cells to a neuronal cell line. Cell viability was determined using the MTS-based assay (Promega). Wakunaga of America (Mission Viejo, CA) kindly donated aged garlic extract(TM) (AGE(TM)) as Kyolic(R) liquid. AGE(TM) was sterilized by filtration and diluted in cell growth medium. Our results show that AGE    protects neuronal PC12 cells against Ab (95nM) @entity137 in a dose dependent manner. AGE(TM) may be effective in ameliorating Ab - @entity2359 .

title: Effect of Aged Garlic Extract on the XXXX of Alzheimer b-Amyloid Peptide in Neuronal PC12 Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity130 represent a spectrum of @entity130 as result of @entity130 . Presentations vary from minor contusions to limb-threatening damage. Typically, the injury involves multiple tissues, from skin and subcutaneous, to @entity121 . In their most severe presentations, predictable complications--including @entity4034 , non-union of @entity174 , amputations and failed flaps--occur in approximately 50 percent of the cases with standard of practice surgical and medical interventions. Skeletal muscle-compartment syndrome (SMCS) is another consequence of @entity130 , but in this situation the target tissues are muscles and nerve. @entity4 and/or @entity548 within the confines of the fascial envelope can increase the pressure within the skeletal muscle-compartment. When the tissue fluid pressure within the compartment exceeds the capillary perfusion pressure to the muscles and nerves in the compartment, these tissues are rendered ischemic and manifest the signs and symptoms of SMCS. The SMCS, especially in its incipient stages before a fasciotomy is required, is a therapeutic challenge since no means to arrest its progression exist other than hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO2). Unfortunately, HBO2 is woefully neglected as an adjunct for managing @entity130 and SMCS. Strong arguments exist for its use based on evidenced-based information and how HBO2 mitigates the pathology of these conditions.

title: The effect of hyperbaric XXXX in crush injuries and skeletal muscle-compartment syndromes.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle and tendons, to bone and joints']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Crush injuries', 'injury to body parts', 'trauma', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Medical preparation for @entity1911 surgery requires adrenergic blockade and restoration of euvolemia. Usually, this preoperative preparation consisted essentially of sequential and progressive adrenergic antagonism, alpha then beta blockade. This therapy is not easy to introduce and exposes to blood pressure collapses after @entity5 removal. By contrast, @entity460 channel blocking drugs like @entity19346 offer efficacy and safety. Moreover, new intravenous (IV) agents ( @entity3360 , @entity3988 ) provide useful therapeutic tools to control, rapidly and with a dose-dependent effect, any undesired hemodynamic event during surgery. As a demonstration of this new therapeutic strategy for management of @entity1911 resection, we report here the cases of two @entity1 who were exclusively treated with @entity19346 . A 61 year-old @entity1 and a 41 year-old @entity1 were scheduled for @entity1911 resection (left and right @entity5 , respectively). Both @entity1 received @entity19346 for preoperative preparation ( @entity3360 and @entity594 , respectively, 60 mg/day). This treatment allowed a good control of arterial blood pressure (BP) (from 210/110 to 170/90 and 180/100 to 140/80 mmHg, respectively) and was maintained up to the morning of the operative day. After @entity1 installation on the operating-table, IV @entity3360 infusion was started (2 mg/hour). Anesthesia consisted of high doses of @entity3575 , @entity12029 and @entity3369 . Hemodynamic measurements (radial artery and Swan ganz catheters) allowed adjustment of @entity3360 infusion rate to maintain peripheral arterial resistances under 1,000 dynes.s.cm-5, and adequate volume loading. A @entity101 crisis (270/130 mmHg) occurred at the time of the intubation in the first case but responded to higher infusion rate of @entity3360 (5 mg/10 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pre- and postoperative antihypertensive treatment with XXXX antagonist in @entity1911 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity19346 :: ('MESH:D004095', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity17904 is an uncommon condition due to poor skin fixation at the base of the penis, cicatricial scarring after penile surgery and excessive @entity28 . The condition varies in severity and several surgical options are available, such as excision of previous scarring, degloving the penile shaft, reconstructing the penile shaft skin with flaps, fixing the penile skin at the penopubic and penoscrotal angles, and removing excess suprapubic fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 43 @entity1 treated for concealed penis from 1993 to 1998. We categorized the cases as type 1-congenital concealed penis, type 2-concealed penis due to scarring from previous surgery and type 3-complex cases involving excessive @entity28 . Cases were reviewed in regard to surgical techniques and outcomes. We identified 18 type 1, 18 type 2 and 7 type 3 cases. Mean age of type 1 @entity1 at surgery was 12.4 months with 1 @entity1 presented at age 7 years. None had previously undergone penile surgery. All @entity1 underwent @entity546 . To reconstruct the penile shaft flaps or Z-plasties with penile skin were used in 12 @entity1 and scrotal skin flaps were used in 2. In 12 @entity1 the penile skin was fixed at the penoscrotal and penopubic angles to maintain @entity546 and in 2 excess fat was excised. Mean age of type 2 @entity1 at surgery was 19.8 months. All had previously undergone surgery, including @entity2650 in 1 and circumcision in 17. All @entity1 underwent @entity546 and the cicatricial scar that trapped the penis was excised. Penile skin flaps and Z-plasties were used in 12 cases, scrotal skin flaps were used for reconstruction in 2 and skin grafting was done in 1. In 10 @entity1 the penile skin was fixed with sutures to maintain @entity546 . Mean age of type 3 @entity1 at surgery was 15.8 years. Of the 7 @entity1 6 had previously undergone penile surgery. All required extensive scar excision and complex reconstruction involving penile skin flaps in 3, scrotal flaps in 5 and penile skin fixation in 6. Excessive suprapubic fat was removed in 5 @entity1 , of whom 3 underwent liposuction. RESULTS: Surgical results were uniformly good in type 1 @entity1 except in 1 who was believed to have excessive suprapubic fat. Results were good in 14 of the 18 type 2 @entity1 , although 2 retained excessive suprapubic fat and 2 had some unsightly scarring. No type 1 or 2 @entity1 required additional surgery. Of the 7 type 3 @entity1 6 had a good result and required no additional surgery. One @entity1 has recurrent concealed penis after 2 procedures and awaits additional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17904 has a varied etiology and requires a flexible surgical approach. The common surgical options in all cases include @entity546 , excising the scarring due to previous surgery, removing excess suprapubic fat, reconstructing the penile skin with local flaps, and fixing the penile skin at the penopubic and penoscrotal angles.

title: XXXX in childhood: a spectrum of etiology and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity17904 :: ('MESH:D010409', 'Disease') :: ['Concealed penis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile length', 'complete penile degloving']

answer: @entity17904 :: (MESH:D010409,Disease) :: ['Concealed penis']


abstract: DESCRIPTION: Update of the 2002 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for @entity0 in the general population. METHODS: The USPSTF examined the evidence on the efficacy of 5 screening modalities in reducing mortality from @entity0 : film mammography, clinical breast examination, breast self-examination, digital mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging in order to update the 2002 recommendation. To accomplish this update, the USPSTF commissioned 2 studies: 1) a targeted systematic evidence review of 6 selected questions relating to benefits and harms of screening, and 2) a decision analysis that used population modeling techniques to compare the expected health outcomes and resource requirements of starting and ending mammography screening at different ages and using annual versus biennial screening intervals. RECOMMENDATIONS: The USPSTF recommends against routine screening mammography in @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years. The decision to start regular, biennial screening mammography before the age of 50 years should be an individual one and take into account @entity1 context, including the @entity1 's values regarding specific benefits and harms. (Grade C recommendation) The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 74 years. (Grade B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of screening mammography in @entity1 75 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of clinical breast examination beyond screening mammography in @entity1 40 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF recommends against clinicians teaching @entity1 how to perform breast self-examination. (Grade D recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess additional benefits and harms of either digital mammography or magnetic resonance imaging instead of film mammography as screening modalities for @entity0 . (I statement).

title: Screening for XXXX : U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The present study describes the effects of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity1522 , and @entity1 amniotic fluid on the function and replication of normal and SZ-treated adult @entity19 pancreatic islets. Thus, @entity19 islets were exposed in vitro to SZ or vehicle only, and maintained in culture for 7 days in RPMI 1640 containing 11.1 mM @entity413 and the different supplements described above. Supplementation with @entity1522 increased the insulin accumulation in the medium, DNA biosynthesis, and @entity4664 contents in the control islets. In the SZ-treated islets, @entity1522 @entity101 in the medium and @entity4664 contents, but not DNA biosynthesis. Culture of control islets in the presence of 10% @entity1 amniotic fluid increased the insulin accumulation in the medium, islet insulin content, total protein and (pro)insulin biosynthesis, and DNA biosynthesis. However, in the SZ-treated islets, the effects of @entity1 amniotic fluid were limited to an increase in insulin content and insulin accumulation in the medium. @entity2124 significantly @entity101 in the medium in control, but not SZ-treated islets. In both groups of islets, @entity2124 failed to induce a significant increase in @entity1014 incorporation. It is concluded that @entity1522 and @entity1 amniotic fluid are potent stimulators of DNA biosynthesis in adult @entity19 pancreatic beta cells, perhaps due to an increase in cellular @entity4664 contents. However, following exposure to @entity3839 , the islets are not anymore responsive to these stimulators of DNA biosynthesis.

title: @entity1522 and @entity1 amniotic fluid increase DNA biosynthesis in pancreatic islets of adult XXXX , but this effect is lost following exposure to @entity3839 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin accumulation']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1805 due to occipital @entity75 show disorders of @entity227 . In everyday life this leads to difficulties in reading and spatial orientation. It is a matter of debate whether these disorders are due to the @entity75 or rather reflect compensatory eye movement strategies developing over time. For the first time, eye movements of acute @entity2300 @entity1 (n= 9) were recorded during the first days following @entity64 while they performed an exploratory visual-search task. Compared to age-matched control subjects their search duration was prolonged due to increased fixations and refixations, that is, repeated scanning of previously searched locations. Saccadic amplitudes were smaller in @entity1 . Right @entity2300 @entity1 were more impaired than left @entity2300 @entity1 . The number of fixations and refixations did not differ significantly between both hemifields in the @entity1 . Follow-up of one @entity1 revealed changes of @entity227 18 months. By using more structured scanpaths with fewer saccades his search duration decreased. Furthermore, he developed a more efficient eye-movement strategy by making larger but less frequent saccades toward his blind side. In summary, visual-search behavior of acute @entity2300 @entity1 differs from healthy control subjects and from chronic @entity2300 @entity1 . We conclude that abnormal @entity227 in acute @entity2300 @entity1 is related to the @entity75 . We provide some evidence for adaptive eye-movement strategies developed over time. These adaptive strategies make the @entity227 more efficient and may help to compensate for the persisting @entity227 .

title: @entity227 in XXXX : lesion effects and adaptive strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search over', 'visual-field loss', 'visual search']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['homonymous hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopic']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['acute and chronic homonymous hemianopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the immune response against some pathogens. For this purpose, we investigated the in situ @entity6573 ( @entity6573 ) immune response addressing the participation of NK cells, CD8+ T cells, perforin and @entity10807 expression. METHODS: Sixty biopsies of @entity6573 skin and mucosa were classified according to the presence of compact @entity738 (G1), poorly organized @entity738 (G2) and both kinds in the same lesion (G3). CD8+ T cells, NK cells, perforin and @entity10807 were showed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: CD8+ T cells were increased over NK cells in cutaneous G1 and G2 lesions. There was no difference regarding such cells in G3 lesions, although they were abundant in such lesions. In mucosa, CD8+ T cells were increased in number over NK cells in all groups. @entity10807 in skin increased in G2 and G3. The number of granzyme did not differ in @entity3137 in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: CD8+ T cells and NK cells play a role in @entity6573 cutaneous and @entity3137 . The predominance of CD8+ T cells over NK cells may represent an effective response against the fungi. Moreover, the high number of @entity10807 expressing cells corroborates this possibility.

title: Characterization of cytotoxic immune response in skin and XXXX of @entity6573 .

entities_list: @entity10807 :: ('3002', 'Gene') :: ['granzyme B', 'Granzyme B']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis', 'PCM']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['mucosal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity17427 ( @entity17427 ) are reported to have conductive ( @entity978 ) and @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ), but there is little information pertaining to the progression of @entity393 over time. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity978 and @entity1274 in adults and @entity1 with @entity17427 and look for changes in @entity1274 over time. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity17427 presenting to a @entity17427 clinic was conducted. Also, a written survey of clinical concerns was collected from additional @entity1 /families seen in the clinic and through the @entity17427 Foundation. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 (50% female) were included in the chart review. Mean age was 16.8      11.4 years (range-0.6-50 years) and mean age at diagnosis of @entity393 was 4.6      10.6 years (n  =  26). Five @entity1 (6.4%) had severe to profound @entity1274 that improved with time, including 2 who had complete normalization of audiogram results. Thirty-five families/ @entity1 completed the clinical survey, and 45.5% of the families reported a noticeable improvement of hearing over time. CONCLUSIONS: Conductive @entity393 and @entity1274 are common in @entity17427 . More than 50% of the @entity1 seen in an adult @entity17427 clinic reported improvement in @entity393 over time, and a subset of @entity1 had an improvement in @entity1274 . In light of these findings, we recommend longitudinal evaluations of @entity393 in these @entity1 with both auditory brainstem response and otoacoustic emissions testing if @entity1274 is identified.

title: Improvement in @entity393 over time in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17427 :: ('MESH:D003635', 'Disease') :: ['Cornelia de Lange', 'CdLS', 'Cornelia de Lange Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity17427 :: (MESH:D003635,Disease) :: ['Cornelia de Lange syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical correlates of and types of naturalistic treatments associated with sustained improvement/remission for at least 6 months in outpatients with @entity162 . METHOD: Five hundred twenty-five outpatients with @entity162 (77.7% bipolar I) gave informed consent, had their mood rated daily on the National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Method for a minimum of at least 1 year, and recorded all medications. Demographics and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with a "sustained response" (ratings of "improved" or "very much improved" on the Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version for a period of at least 6 months) versus nonresponders were compared. The study was conducted from 1996 to 2002. RESULTS: Of the 429 @entity1 who were ill at study entry, 195 (45.5%) showed a sustained response; 54.5% showed no or insufficient response. A mean of 2.98 medications was given at time of improvement, which occurred after a mean of 18 months of participation in the study. @entity1091 and @entity1092 were the medications most frequently prescribed at the time of improvement and had among the highest overall success rates. Equally complex regimens were employed in the nonresponders who, however, had a more adverse clinical course prior to network entry. Nonresponders were ultimately exposed to more antidepressants and antipsychotics than the sustained responders. CONCLUSIONS: A mean of 1.5 years and at times highly complex medication regimens were required to achieve a sustained response for 6 months during naturalistic outpatient treatment of @entity162 . Delineating the clinical and biologic correlates of individual response to combination treatment is a very high clinical research priority, as is developing new treatment strategies for the large proportion of @entity1 who fail to respond in a sustained fashion.

title: Complexity of pharmacologic treatment required for sustained improvement in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: The endothelial-derived relaxing factor is a vasodilator agent that is formed in the vascular endothelium in response to various stimuli. It has been identified as @entity842 (NO). Due to its short half-life the endothelial-derived relaxing factor offers certain analytical problems. We present here a method for quantitative analysis of @entity3542 , the oxidation product of NO, in @entity1 plasma. NO binds strongly to hemoglobin. If the resulting NO-hemoglobin (Hb) complex is subjected to a magnetic field and microwave radiation, a characteristic electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum is obtained. This spectrum is highly specific and its amplitude can be used for quantitative determination of NO in the nanomolar range. Columns of @entity291 Hb covalently bound to agarose were prepared, and an excess amount of @entity6857 was used to ensure that the Hb was reduced to a ferrous, nonoxygenated state. Samples of @entity1 plasma were treated with @entity6857 to convert @entity3542 to @entity842 . They were then passed over the columns, which were subsequently analyzed at 77 degrees K in an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. As an external standard @entity3542 was used. The amplitude of the spectrum was linear in the range 1-100 nmol. In healthy subjects the venous plasma level of @entity3542 ranged from 0 to 0.6 microM. Following forearm or leg @entity63 the plasma level of @entity3542 increased substantially. These data are the first to demonstrate circulating levels of an index of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor in @entity1 plasma.

title: Detection of endothelial-derived relaxing factor in XXXX plasma in the basal state and following @entity63 using electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['dithionite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are substantial social inequalities in adult male mortality in many countries. Smoking is often more prevalent among @entity1 of lower social class, education, or income. The contribution of smoking to these social inequalities in mortality remains uncertain. METHODS: The contribution of smoking to adult mortality in a population can be estimated indirectly from disease-specific @entity204 rates in that population (using @entity2 rates to indicate proportions due to smoking of mortality from certain other diseases). We applied these methods to 1996 @entity204 rates at ages 35-69 years in @entity1 in three different social strata in four countries, based on a total of 0.6 million deaths. The highest and lowest social strata were based on social class (professional vs unskilled manual) in England and Wales, neighbourhood income (top vs bottom quintile) in urban Canada, and completed years of education (more than vs less than 12 years) in the USA and Poland. RESULTS: In each country, there was about a two-fold difference between the highest and the lowest social strata in overall risks of dying among @entity1 aged 35-69 years (England and Wales 21%vs 43%, USA 20%vs 37%, Canada 21%vs 34%, Poland 26%vs 50%: four-country mean 22%vs 41%, four-country mean absolute difference 19%). More than half of this difference in mortality between the top and bottom social strata involved differences in risks of being killed at age 35-69 years by smoking (England and Wales 4%vs 19%, USA 4%vs 15%, Canada 6%vs 13%, Poland 5%vs 22%: four-country mean 5%vs 17%, four-country mean absolute difference 12%). Smoking-attributed mortality accounted for nearly half of total male mortality in the lowest social stratum of each country. CONCLUSION: In these populations, most, but not all, of the substantial social inequalities in adult male mortality during the 1990s were due to the effects of smoking. Widespread cessation of smoking could eventually halve the absolute differences between these social strata in the risk of @entity204 .

title: Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national XXXX rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['absolute lung cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair of @entity1580 is a therapeutic option for selected @entity1 . However, late outcomes of this intervention are virtually unknown, and the series already published are heterogenous regarding demographics, indications, and type of devices. METHODS: From 1997 to 2004, 106 @entity1 exclusively with classic complicated or symptomatic @entity1580 were treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, using the same device. We present in-hospital outcomes and late follow-up for 73 @entity1 . RESULTS: Technical success was achieved for 99% of @entity1 , and the clinical success rate was 83% (exclusion of the false lumen, no early @entity204 or surgical conversion). In-hospital @entity204 occurred in 5 @entity1 , 2 of them after surgical conversion. Three @entity1 required urgent surgical conversion. @entity16 occurred in 5 @entity1 (1 case of @entity451 ). The average time of follow-up was 35.9 +/- 28.5 months. During follow-up, 37% of @entity1 initially successfully treated reached a failure criterion (new endovascular or surgical intervention in the same @entity204 due to aortic or unknown cause). Kaplan-Meier curve showed late survival rates higher than 80% in 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with both acute and chronic @entity1580 had excellent initial results with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Although event-free survival rates decreased gradually with time owing to the frequent need for new interventions, survival curves were comparable to those for less complex @entity1 undergoing clinical or surgical treatment. Randomized studies are required to establish the actual benefit of this new approach.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : the challenge of late success.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['aortic segment or death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: Cardiovascular effects of the @entity22527 -rich essential oil of Aniba rosaeodora (here named as EOAR) in normotensive @entity35 were investigated. In anesthetized @entity35 , intravenous (i.v.) injection of EOAR induced dose-dependent biphasic @entity551 and @entity1168 . Emphasis was given to the first phase (phase 1) of the cardiovascular effects, which is rapid (onset time of 1-3 s) and not observed in animals submitted to bilateral vagotomy or selective blockade of neural conduction of vagal C-fibre afferents by perineural treatment with @entity2951 . Phase 1 was also absent when EOAR was directly injected into the left ventricle injection, but it was unaltered by i.v. pretreatment with @entity4413 , @entity3974 or @entity29602 . In conscious @entity35 , EOAR induced rapid and monophasic @entity551 and bradycardiac (phase 1) effects that were abolished by i.v. @entity9966 . In endothelium-intact aortic rings, EOAR fully relaxed @entity2647 -induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings reveal that phase 1 of the bradycardiac and @entity9598 responses induced by EOAR has a vago-vagal reflex origin resulting from the vagal pulmonary afferents stimulation. Such phenomenon appears not to involve the recruitment of C-fibre afferents expressing 5HT3 receptors or the two chemosensory ion channels @entity5510 and @entity29603 . Phase 2 @entity551 response appears resulting from a direct vasodilatory action.

title: @entity22527 -rich rosewood oil induces vago-vagal bradycardic and @entity9598 reflex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methylatropine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the @entity683 vaccine among @entity5 @entity1 in Taiwan. We determined the effect of immunization on the following outcomes of disease: hospitalizations, emergency department visits, hospital outpatient visits, physician office visits, and @entity204 . Cost-effectiveness was analysed from the perspectives of the healthcare system and society. A decision tree was used, with estimates of disease burden and costs based on data from published and unpublished sources. The model followed 34 112 @entity5 @entity1 aged 20-64 years who were registered by the Taiwan National Cancer Registry in 2002. An @entity683 immunization programme for the @entity5 population would prevent 2555 cases of all types of @entity281 , 660 of which would be serious cases involving hospitalization, emergency department visits and @entity204 . From the perspective of the healthcare system, the programme would cost @entity10479 7.7 million, providing net savings of @entity10479 5.4 million. From a societal perspective, the programme would cost @entity10479 28.6 million, providing net savings of @entity10479 22.3 million. This corresponds to savings of @entity10479 2107 and @entity10479 6338 per case averted, from healthcare and societal perspectives, respectively, as well as 110 lives saved. @entity66 burden, greater vaccine efficacy and lower cost of hospitalizations increased cost-effectiveness. Influenza immunization for @entity5 @entity1 is cost-saving and cost-effective from a healthcare and societal perspective in Taiwan. We highly recommend annual @entity683 vaccinations for this @entity1 group.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity683 immunization in adult XXXX @entity1 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Lesser disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Significant prolongation of survival time has been brought by @entity900 containing regimen, but no significant improvement of 5 year survival rate has been achieved. Concerning to four clinical problems we face to now, my opinion was described as follows. 1) Importance of chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity43 : The most important factor for the cure of advanced @entity43 is the efficacy of the regimen used. 2) Regimen and number of cycles needed: @entity900 and @entity3003 are dose-dependent drugs and we should make effort to make dose up as much as possible. May be 6 cycles will be suitable number of administration. 3) Postoperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemotherapy (Neo-adjuvant)?: @entity420 is observed with high frequency around 70% and the efficacy rate of @entity900 containing regimen is exceeded more than 80%. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be tried in advanced @entity43 . 4) Second line chemotherapy: At present, no effective drug is available for the treatment of true @entity900 @entity5 . Therefore we should perform aggressive surgery and severe chemotherapy at the first time of treatment. By combination of surgery and chemotherapy, at least clinical CR (Complete resection or complete response) is indispensable for achieving significant improvement of 5 year survival rate, In this meaning, chemotherapeutic CR is necessary in postoperative chemotherapy and surgical CR is required in Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: [Treatment of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Serous adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']