abstract: We reviewed the initial serological data of 50 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1988 . As compared with a group of @entity1252 @entity1 without @entity1310 , @entity1 with @entity1310 had lower serum @entity4417 (p less than 0.05) and C4 (p less than 0.005) levels and higher serum DNA binding activity (p less than 0.001). The frequency of rheumatoid factor, antiphospholipid, anti-ENA, and fluorescent antinuclear antibodies was similar in both groups. We correlated the serological data of the @entity1 with @entity1310 with the clinical severity of their disease. Using a functional staging system based on the serum albumin and @entity1011 levels at the time of biopsy, we found that @entity1 with functionally milder disease ( @entity644 without @entity1985 or @entity177 ) had higher C3 (p less than 0.05) and lower DNA binding (p less than 0.005) than @entity1 in the more severe functional classes ( @entity1985 with or without @entity177 ). In contrast, C4 levels were always very low, irrespective of functional severity. We also correlated the serological data with the pathological findings. @entity1 suffering from diffuse proliferative @entity1310 had higher DNA binding values than @entity1 with focal proliferative (p less than 0.01) or membranous (p less than 0.001) @entity1310 . By contrast, complement levels were not correlated with the severity of biopsy changes. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that C3 and DNA binding, but not C4, correlate with the clinical severity of @entity1988 at presentation whereas DNA binding, but not complement levels, correlates with the severity of pathological changes.

title: XXXX : the significance of serological tests at the time of biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus nephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To document cases of sustained elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) while receiving intravitreal @entity7 ( @entity7 ) agents and subsequent management. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective series of all cases managed by the authors and colleagues was performed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 developed sustained elevated IOP; five received ranibizumab and one bevacizumab. Four received unilateral and two received bilateral injections. Two had preexisting primary @entity1538 and one had @entity9998 , all with stable IOP prior to anti- @entity7 treatment. Angles were open in all cases. Peak IOP averaged 43 mm Hg (range: 34 to 60 mm Hg). The mean number of injections preceding the IOP increase was 10 (range: 1 to 20). Four @entity1 required trabeculectomy, one selective laser trabeculoplasty, and one multiple topical medications. CONCLUSION: A sustained increase in IOP requiring @entity726 filtering surgery is a rare but important treatment complication for @entity1 receiving intravitreal anti- @entity7 therapy, especially those with preexisting @entity726 or @entity726 risk factors.

title: @entity726 filtration surgery following sustained elevation of intraocular pressure secondary to intravitreal anti- XXXX injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliative glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1419 arising 33 years after excision of a @entity2941 . A 61-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of @entity221 . Thirty-three years ago she had undergone extrahepatic choledochal cystectomy and choledochojejunostomy for a @entity2941 . Computed tomography showed a @entity5 in the anterior segment of the liver, extending to the posterior and medial segments and the right portal vein. @entity1608 were seen in the bile ducts. We performed extended right lobectomy. Microscopically, the @entity5 was @entity201 . Most of the @entity5 area was composed of invasive @entity420 but a @entity2735 was also observed in some regions including the hilar bile duct, where an intrahepatic biliary stone was seen. This suggests that the @entity5 development could be related to @entity9744 . @entity1 with @entity2941 may have to be carefully followed up for more than 30 years even after diversion surgery.

title: @entity1419 arising 33 years after excision of a XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma-in-situ component']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['Intrahepatic biliary stones']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: There was a time gap of over 40 years between the demonstrated oral effectiveness of @entity3791 in lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) of @entity726 @entity1 and the introduction of a topical carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. This is due to the fact that @entity7464 , the isoenzyme which most likely plays an important role in the production of @entity7462 in @entity1 , must be essentially inhibited by 100% to elicit a pharmacological response. The lack of success with earlier attempts to obtain a topical agent stems from an inability to attain and maintain a sufficiently high intraocular concentration of drug to achieve the required inhibition of CA. @entity15438 and @entity15572 are two topical CA inhibitors which are currently available to treat @entity2790 and/or @entity726 . @entity15438 is a very potent inhibitor of @entity7464 and its site of action is local within the eye. Like oral CA inhibitors, topically applied @entity15438 lowers IOP by decreasing the production of @entity7462 . The drug is used in monotherapy as a 2% solution administered three times daily. Its ocular @entity551 effect is comparable to that of @entity6839 at peak but is somewhat less at trough. The IOP lowering effect of @entity6839 is enhanced by the twice daily administration of 2% @entity15438 either concomitantly or in combination. Topically applied @entity15438 is generally well tolerated and had a low drop-out rate in clinical studies. The most frequent ocular adverse experience is burning and/or stinging. Corneal and lenticular problems have generally not been encountered with long-term therapy with @entity15438 . Topically applied @entity15438 penetrates directly to the posterior segment of the eye and its presence is consistent with the initial report that @entity15438 increases retinal blood flow velocity in @entity1 with normal tension @entity726 . The most frequent systemic adverse experience is a transient bitter taste. Biochemical changes indicative of the systemic inhibition of CA have not been observed in monotherapy studies lasting up to 2 years. This is in harmony with the inability of @entity15438 at steady-state to saturate CA in the red blood cell and the failure to detect its presence in plasma. A 1% suspension of @entity15572 is comparable to 2% @entity15438 in lowering IOP, both drugs being administered three times daily. Although @entity15572 has a lower incidence of burning/ stinging, it elicits more @entity227 .

title: Pharmacological and ocular XXXX properties of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15572 :: ('MESH:C111827', 'Chemical') :: ['brinzolamide']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['Dorzolamide', 'dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1146 with intact @entity67 is an anatomically @entity154 with a variety of surgical strategies possible. We sought to compare the outcome of @entity1 with a single ventricle approach to those with a biventricular repair and to compare outcome of @entity1 with @entity301 to those with normal coronary arteries. METHODS: A retrospective review of our surgical database revealed 67 @entity1 with @entity1146 with intact @entity67 operated on between 1981 and 1998. @entity1 were categorized on the basis of initial surgical strategy: strategy A, aortopulmonary shunt alone (n = 31); strategy B, right ventricular recruitment (n = 32); strategy C, heart transplantation (n = 4). Tricuspid valve size (Z-score) and coronary anatomy were determined. Right ventricular-coronary artery dependency was noted in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: Overall actuarial survivals at 1, 5, and 8 years were 82%, 76%, and 76%. Mortality was highest in infancy (10 of 16 @entity204 ). Outcome was equivalent for all 3 strategies. There was no difference in tricuspid valve size between survivors and nonsurvivors (mean Z-score -2.0 (2.5) vs -2.0 (1.9), P =.83). There was no difference in survival based on severity of @entity301 . Only one third of @entity1 had a successful biventricular repair, and the tricuspid valve was significantly larger in these than in @entity1 who had Fontan operation (mean Z-score -0.53 [1.6], range -3.5 to 1, versus mean Z-score -3.03 [2.7], range -5.5 to 0, P =.002). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical outcome for @entity1 born with @entity1146 with intact @entity67 is satisfactory. The strategies of biventricular repair, single ventricle palliation, and heart transplantation allow for equal outcome among all anatomic subtypes.

title: Outcome after operations for @entity1146 with intact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous anomaly']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary abnormality', 'coronary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'Pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular septum']


abstract: Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain form one of the neuron populations that are susceptible to @entity130 . Whereas neuropharmacological studies have aimed at rescuing cholinergic neurons from acute excitotoxic attacks, the short-term temporal profile of excitotoxic damage to cholinergic nerve cells remains largely elusive. The effects of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) infusion on cytochemical markers of cholinergic neurons in @entity35 magnocellular nucleus basalis were therefore determined 4, 24 and 48 h post-lesion. Additionally, the influence of excitotoxic damage on the efficacy of in vivo labelling of cholinergic neurons with @entity18788 3-192IgG was investigated. @entity18788 3-192IgG was unilaterally injected in the lateral ventricle. Twenty-four hours later, @entity143 (60 nM/microl) was infused in the right magnocellular nucleus basalis, while control lesions were performed contralaterally. Triple immunofluorescence labelling for @entity18788 3-192IgG, @entity143 receptor 2A and B subunits and @entity1877 -acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) was employed to determine temporal changes in @entity143 receptor immunoreactivity on cholinergic neurons. The extent of @entity528 was studied by staining with Fluoro-Jade. Moreover, changes in the numbers of @entity4268 or p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor immunoreactive neurons, and the degree of their co-labelling with @entity18788 3-192IgG were determined in basal forebrain nuclei. The effects of @entity143 -induced lesions on cortical projections of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons were studied by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. Characteristic signs of cellular damage, as indicated by decreased immunoreactivity for @entity143 receptors, @entity4268 and p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptors, were already detected at the shortest post-lesion interval investigated. Fluoro-Jade at 4 h post-lesion only labelled the core of the @entity75 . Longer survival led to enhanced Fluoro-Jade staining, and to the decline of @entity4268 immunoreactivity reaching a maximum 24 h post-surgery. Significant loss of p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor immunoreactivity and of cortical AChE-positive projections only became apparent 48 h post-lesion. @entity18788 3-192IgG labelling in the ipsilateral basal forebrain exceeded that of the contralateral hemisphere at all time points investigated and progressively declined in the damaged magnocellular nucleus basalis up to 48 h after @entity143 infusion. The present study indicates that @entity75 -induced alteration of cholinergic neuronal markers is a rapid and gradual process reaching its maximum 24 h post-surgery. Furthermore, in vivo labelling of cholinergic neurons may be applied to indicate neuronal survival under pathological conditions, and enable to follow their degeneration process under a variety of experimental conditions.

title: Short-term consequences of @entity1024 excitotoxicity in XXXX magnocellular nucleus basalis: effects on in vivo labelling of cholinergic neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbocyanine', 'carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic lesion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) is used in cardiology to grade the severity of @entity712 and to assess its prognosis. However, it is unknown whether @entity1167 may be a useful technique to rule out @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 with @entity662 and @entity714 ( @entity714 ). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity1167 to identify @entity453 in these @entity1 . A cohort of 90 @entity1 with @entity662 , 45 with @entity714 (group A) and 45 non- @entity714 (group B), were studied with @entity1167 and a single-photon emission computed tomographic myocardial perfusion study during the same period. The following variables of @entity1167 were analyzed: peak @entity26 uptake (VO2), VO2 at anaerobic threshold, and time to reach the anaerobic threshold (TAT). Group A values were lower compared with group B in peak VO2 (23    6.2 vs. 28    7.6 mLO2    kg    min; P = 0.002), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (16.1    3.6 vs. 18.9    4.1 mLO2    kg    min; P =0.001), and TAT (2.7    0.96 vs. 4.4    2.1 min; P < 0.001). Group A showed higher perfusion abnormalities in myocardial perfusion study than group B [27 (60%) vs. 12 (26.7%); P = 0.003]. Multivariate analysis showed that TAT (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.39; P = 0.02) was the only independent predictor of @entity453 , after controlling for other factors. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.78 for TAT (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.86; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, our findings suggest that a new functional parameter such as TAT significantly predicts @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity662 and @entity714 .

title: Assessing @entity453 in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity714 : an emerging role for a new parameter of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['anginal chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiopulmonary exercise testing', 'CPET']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['anginal chest pain']


abstract: We are exposed to millions of microbial and dietary antigens via the gastrointestinal tract, which likely play a key role in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). We differentiated the effects of these two major environmental factors on gut immunity and @entity1723 . @entity6 -prone BioBreeding (BBdp) @entity35 were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) conditions and weaned onto @entity6 -promoting cereal diets or a protective low-antigen hydrolyzed casein (HC) diet, and @entity1723 incidence was monitored. Fecal microbiota 16S rRNA genes, immune cell distribution, and gene expression in the jejunum were analyzed. @entity1723 was highest in cereal-SPF (65%) and cereal-GF @entity35 (53%) but inhibited and delayed in HC-fed counterparts. Nearly all HC-GF @entity35 remained @entity6 -free, whereas HC-fed SPF @entity35 were less protected (7 vs. 29%). Bacterial communities differed in SPF @entity35 fed cereal compared with HC. Cereal-SPF @entity35 displayed increased gut CD3(+) and @entity21804 (+) lymphocytes, ratio of Ifng to @entity12718 mRNA, and @entity53847 expression, indicating T-cell activation. The ratio of CD3(+) T cells expressing the Treg marker @entity13200 (+) was highest in HC-GF and lowest in cereal-SPF @entity35 . Resident CD163(+) M2 macrophages were increased in HC-protected @entity35 . The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp) gene was upregulated in the jejunum of HC diet-protected @entity35 , and CAMP(+) cells colocalized with CD163. A cereal diet was a stronger promoter of @entity1723 than gut microbes in association with impaired gut immune homeostasis.

title: Promotion of autoimmune XXXX by cereal diet in the presence or absence of microbes associated with gut immune activation, regulatory imbalance, and altered cathelicidin antimicrobial Peptide.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study examined whether exercise training could increase survival in a rodent model of salt-sensitive @entity101 . METHODS: Male, inbred Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 arriving at 8 wk of age were randomly divided into a sedentary control group (N = 5) or an exercise-trained group (N = 8). Exercise training consisted of running 20 m.min(-1), 0% incline, 60 min.d(-1), 5 d.wk(-1) on a motorized driven treadmill. On arrival, animals were fed a low-salt diet (0.12% @entity1219 ) during a 1-wk acclimatization period. At the end of this period, all @entity35 were then fed a high-salt diet (7.8% @entity1219 ) for the remainder of the study. Arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured via the tail-cuff method. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured on the low salt diet was similar between groups. After 2 wk of a high-salt diet, SBP was similarly significantly elevated in both control and exercise groups relative to the low salt diet. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that exercise training increased survival (P < 0.02) with an approximate 30% increase in the mean days survived with exercise training (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that exercise training is an important intervention for salt-sensitive @entity101 and that the enhanced survival observed with exercise training appears to be independent of training-induced SBP lowering effects.

title: Low-intensity exercise training improves survival in Dahl salt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Breast preservation has been shown to be a good alternative to mastectomy in selected @entity1 with @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of @entity5 developing in the opposite breast to determine if breast preservation should be attempted in that breast as well. From 1979 to 1988, 172 @entity1 underwent tylectomy, axillary dissection and irradiation for @entity0 . All had follow-up mammogram. Mean age was 55 years. Mean follow-up time was 50 months. Thirteen @entity1 (7.6%) developed @entity5 in the opposite breast. Three @entity5 were @entity189 in situ, nine were stage I, and one was stage IIa. Nine of 13 @entity1 had breast preservation therapy, and four had mastectomies. Ten @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease, two are alive with disease and one died with disease. Breast preservation for bilateral @entity0 is a safe alternative if @entity1 can be followed closely.

title: Management of XXXX of the opposite breast following breast preservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Thrombin receptor (ThrR) and @entity12610 ( @entity12610 ) are members of a unique G protein-coupled receptor family, which are characterized by the unveiling of a tethered peptide ligand upon proteolysis of their @entity2733 terminus. We have previously shown that cultured @entity1 basal keratinocytes express both receptors (R.J. Santulli et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 9151-9155, 1995); however, their functional role in epidermal physiology has yet to be described. In the present study, we determined the effects of receptor activation on keratinocyte cell growth and differentiation using thrombin (selective for ThrR), SLIGRL (selective for @entity12610 ), and SFLLRN (stimulates ThrR and @entity12610 ), as agonists. ThrR stimulation enhanced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of growth factors (epidermal growth factor and @entity291 pituitary extract). In contrast, under the same conditions, activation of @entity12610 led to the inhibition of cell growth. This inhibitory activity by @entity12610 activation was also observed in the presence of growth factors. Activation of both receptors diminished protein expression of the differentiation marker transglutaminase type 1 induced by either @entity460 or @entity379 . @entity460 -induced involucrin expression was also decreased. These results indicate that @entity12610 and ThrR differentially modulate keratinocyte function and may provide an important regulatory function in the epidermis by altering the functional state of keratinocytes.

title: Differential regulation of XXXX keratinocyte growth and differentiation by a novel family of protease-activated receptors.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity12610 :: ('2150', 'Gene') :: ['protease-activated receptor-2', 'PAR-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity887 causing acute @entity1188 is a rare cause of acute-onset @entity451 or @entity1688 . Few cases of survivors have been reported in the neurosurgical literature, with most reports involving postmortem or biopsy findings. There is little information on MRI findings in such @entity1 . We present the youngest @entity1 ever reported, and discuss the important differences between @entity887 and acute @entity4685 of childhood. A 6-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity615 presented with sudden-onset nontraumatic @entity451 , with a @entity18213 . Initial MRI scan revealed @entity1798 at @entity6356 and an @entity1514 , but no cause for her acute-onset @entity451 was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid and other investigations were all negative. Sequential MRI scans revealed development of spinal cord expansion from T10 to the conus medullaris, with increased cord signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The @entity1798 was unchanged. The imaging and clinical findings were caused by @entity887 , which meant there was no need for spinal cord biopsy. The report describes the clinical and imaging criteria for diagnosis of @entity887 , highlighting the case for avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. The clinical pattern in the paediatric group is discussed, with features differentiating it from acute @entity4685 of childhood.

title: Acute-onset nontraumatic XXXX in childhood: fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute @entity4685 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['incidental thoracic syrinx']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrocartilaginous embolus', 'fibrocartilaginous embolus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord infarction']

entities_list: @entity18213 :: ('MESH:D020759', 'Disease') :: ['clinical anterior spinal artery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc disease']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: @entity3974 , a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been compared with high-dose @entity1769 in the control of acute @entity391 (24 h) induced by @entity900 (greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2). Ondansetron, given as three intravenous doses (0.15 mg/kg) 4-hourly, was superior to six intravenous doses of @entity1769 (2.0 mg/kg) in the control of acute @entity391 . Complete control of @entity391 was achieved in 40% of @entity1 receiving ondansetron compared to 30% of @entity1 receiving @entity1769 (P = 0.07); complete or major control (0-2 emetic episodes) was achieved in 65% and 51% of the @entity1 receiving the two treatments respectively (P = 0.016). @entity1 entered in the acute @entity391 study who experienced no @entity391 or up to two episodes were randomised between placebo and ondansetron on day 2 to evaluate the control of delayed @entity391 up to day 5. Complete control of persistent or delayed @entity391 over days 2-5 was achieved in 59-78% of @entity1 with oral @entity3974 (16 mg t.d.s.) compared to 39-50% of @entity1 receiving oral placebo. These differences failed to reach statistical significance except on day 4. Some @entity1 with complete or major control of @entity391 on their first course of chemotherapy subsequently received further courses of ondansetron (median 3 courses; range 2-10) on a non-comparative basis. Similar control was achieved in 85% of courses. There may be some reduction in the degree of control with subsequent courses. Of 44 @entity1 with complete control at cycle 1, 19 (44%) were @entity391 free and 3 (7%) experienced 1-2 episodes with cycle 3, though @entity1 were sometimes withdrawn before cycle 3 for reasons other than inadequate anti-emetic control. Efficacy with successive courses can only be established in a prospective comparative trial. Both treatments were well tolerated but ondansetron caused significantly greater transient asymptomatic elevations in ALT/AST (P = 0.003/0.005). Acute @entity3520 (2 @entity1 ) and @entity2146 (10 @entity1 ) occurred with @entity1769 only (P = 0.002). The role of ondansetron in the control of delayed @entity391 requires further study.

title: Progress in the control of acute and delayed XXXX induced by @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic reactions']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['emesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity730 ( @entity730 ) is a marker for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and predicts poor outcome in the general population. No data are available on @entity730 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In these @entity1 we assessed prevalence of @entity730 and the relation between @entity730 and left ventricular (LV) systolic function. METHODS AND RESULTS: As many as 386 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 without @entity453 were studied with Doppler echocardiography. LV @entity299 was defined by analyzing 120 healthy subjects. Stress-corrected midwall shortening (sc-MS) and mitral annular peak systolic velocity (peak S') were considered as indexes of LV circumferential and longitudinal shortening and classified low if <89% and <8.5 cm/s, respectively (10th percentiles of controls). @entity1 who had @entity730 (107 = 28%) were older with longer duration of @entity3918 and were receiving more anti- @entity101 medications than those who had not. At echocardiographic evaluation @entity1 with @entity730 showed higher LV mass, larger left atrial volume (LAV), @entity14469 (88.4    14.9 vs 92.6    14.3%; p = 0.01) and peak S' (8.9    2.2 vs 10.0    2.0 cm/s; p < 0.001) than @entity1 without @entity730 . Multiple logistic regression demonstrated older age (OR 1.03 [IC 1.01-1.06], p = 0.009), larger LAV (OR 1.19 [IC 1.11-1.28], p < 0.001) and combined reduction in sc-MS and peak S' (OR 3.00 [IC 1.57-5.72], p = 0.001) as independent factors associated with @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity730 is detectable in one fourth of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 without @entity453 and is mostly related to LV @entity299 expressed as combined impairment of LV circumferential and longitudinal fibers, independent of age and LAV.

title: The worrisome liaison between left ventricular systolic dysfunction and mitral annulus calcification in type 2 diabetes without XXXX : data from the SHORTWAVE study.

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['reduced sc-MS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral annulus calcification', 'MAC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prognostic value of serum @entity3508 for early prediction of outcome in @entity1 at risk for anoxic @entity75 after @entity1167 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Coronary intensive care unit of the University of Heidelberg. @entity1 : Forty-three @entity1 (66.8 +/- 12.7 [SD] yrs, range 33 to 85) who had had either primary or secondary @entity1167 , followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). INTERVENTIONS: Serial blood samples and clinical examinations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum @entity3508 concentrations were determined after CPR on 7 consecutive days. Twenty-five @entity1 remained @entity772 and subsequently died; 18 @entity1 survived the first 3 months and had no relevant functional deficit at 3-month follow-up. @entity3508 concentrations were correlated with neurologic outcome. Concentrations of >33 ng/mL predicted persistent @entity772 with a high specificity (100%) and a positive predictive value of 100%. Overall sensitivity was 80%, with a negative predictive value of 78%. Serum concentrations of @entity3508 exceeded this cutoff value no more than 3 days after @entity1167 in 95% of @entity1 in whom these concentrations had exceeded 33 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 who have been resuscitated after @entity1167 , serum @entity3508 concentrations of >33 ng/mL predict persistent @entity772 with a high specificity. Values below this cutoff level do not necessarily indicate complete recovery, because this method has a sensitivity of 80%.

title: Serum XXXX as early predictor of outcome after @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron-specific enolase', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['neuron-specific enolase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine outcomes and delayed complications after the surgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord (IMSC) cavernous @entity600 . The association of these lesions with cryptic @entity1211 at surgery also was analyzed. METHODS: The records of 17 @entity1 who underwent resection of their histologically verified IMSC cavernous @entity600 were analyzed. There were nine female and eight male @entity1 (mean age, 40.1 yr). The locations of the cavernous @entity600 were as follows: cervical, eight; @entity1514 , eight; and conus medullaris, one. The mean follow-up period was 48.3 months. Immediate postoperative and long-term neurological outcomes were compared, and delayed complications were assessed. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented with @entity614 (n = 6), @entity602 (n = 10), and @entity1745 (n = 1). Intraoperatively, 16 (94.1%) IMSC cavernous @entity600 were associated with @entity1211 . Immediately after surgery, four (23.5%) @entity1 worsened neurologically whereas one (5.9%) improved. At long-term follow-up, however, 10 (58.9%) @entity1 had improved and only 1 (5.9%) remained worse. Four (23.5%) @entity1 experienced delayed complications. Three had undergone incomplete resection and experienced subsequent @entity548 , necessitating subsequent resection. Another @entity1 developed radiological tethering of the @entity1514 spinal cord without clinical symptoms. Two of the three @entity1 who had undergone subsequent resection developed symptomatic tethering of the cervical spinal cord. In one of the two @entity1 , the tethering was associated with an @entity3976 . Both @entity1 required surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The frequent coexistence of IMSC cavernous @entity600 with @entity1211 in this series indicates a need for operative vigilance to preserve these @entity1211 . @entity532 were the result of incomplete resection. The resultant @entity548 required reexploration, which led to tethering of the spinal cord. Most @entity1 who underwent resection, however, had improved neurologically at long-term follow-up.

title: Surgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous @entity600 : delayed complications, long-term outcomes, and association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic cerebellar tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed complications']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['conus medullaris syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal venous malformations', 'cryptic venous malformations', 'venous anomalies']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['cryptic venous malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immune system has been shown to play an important role in @entity674 ( @entity674 ). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood is an easily assessable parameter of systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine whether the NLR is prognostic in @entity674 . METHODS: A total of 339 previously untreated @entity1 with primary, localized @entity674 operated at our institution between 1995 and 2010 were identified from a prospectively collected @entity242 database. NLR was assessed preoperatively. @entity1 who received adjuvant @entity2213 treatment were excluded from the analysis (n = 64). Cox regression models were calculated and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, NLR was associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (P = 0.003, hazard ratio 3.3, 95 % confidence interval 1.5-7.4). @entity1 with a low NLR had a 1- and 5-year @entity1349 of 98 and 91 %, compared with 89 and 76 % in those with a high NLR. The median @entity1349 was not reached. Positive correlations were found between NLR and mitotic rate (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.15, P = 0.03), and NLR and @entity5 size (r = 0.36, P = 0.0001). @entity1349 in @entity1 with a @entity674 >5 cm with low NLR was significantly longer compared to @entity1 with high NLR (P = 0.002). Flow cytometry analysis of freshly obtained GISTs revealed that neutrophils constituted a minimal percentage of intratumoral immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: NLR is a surrogate for high-risk @entity5 features. Elevated blood NLR appears to represent systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity674 .

title: Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is prognostic in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: The results obtained in a retrospective study on clinical and pharmacological aspects of 41 @entity1 suffering craniocervical @entity3519 (24 with @entity9663 , 17 with torticollis) and 11 with @entity2473 are here presented. Mean age of symptoms onset was 57.4, 43.8 and 55.8 years old respectively; this variable was comparatively higher in females than in males with torticollis. The prevalence of @entity9663 and hemifacial @entity2473 was higher in females. A 38.7% of @entity1 suffering @entity9663 also presented @entity18711 ( @entity33057 ). Other @entity910 less frequently associated were cephalic @entity400 , postural hand @entity400 and @entity3519 . In three cases with @entity9663 there was family history of @entity191 and in two cases with torticollis there was family history of essential @entity400 . The mean age of onset was lower in @entity1 with clonic torticollis and the evolution time of symptoms was longer than in those who presented the tonic type. Clonic torticollis were less frequently associated to @entity158 . @entity20286 (anticholinergic) was the most efficient drug in craniocervical @entity3519 , and @entity2053 in @entity2652 . In general, as earliest the age of onset was, as better the therapeutical response was.

title: [Craniocervical @entity3519 and @entity2652 : clinical and pharmacological characteristics of 52 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial hemispasm']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'larynx dystonia']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ['oromandibular dystonia']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity33057 :: ('MESH:D008539', 'Disease') :: ["Meige's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity20286 :: ('MESH:D014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Trihexyphenidyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONCLUSION: The singular neurectomy as described by Gacek in 1974 is an efficient procedure to control symptoms in case of intractable @entity345 ( @entity345 ), with an acceptable risk of postoperative @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). We postulate that this complication may not be a direct consequence of the surgical procedure but rather may be consecutive to the reactivation of the biological phenomenon that caused the @entity345 . We also observed in one @entity1 that @entity345 may exist although no nystagmus can be elicited by provocative manoeuvres. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of the surgery, and to analyse the rate and causes of complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: The eight @entity1 operated in the department between August 1997 and April 2006 were evaluated in June 2006. One had been operated because he had a typical history of @entity345 , but no nystagmus could be elicited by the Hallpike's manoeuvre. RESULTS: All @entity1 were free of @entity9468 and considered their quality of life improved. The Hallpike's manoeuvre was negative in all cases. A @entity1274 occurred in two @entity1 , immediately after surgery in one and several months later in the second. The @entity1 with a negative Hallpike's manoeuvre before surgery went back to work 3 weeks after surgery.

title: Benign paroxysmal positional XXXX : a series of eight singular neurectomies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['BPPV', 'benign paroxysmal positional vertigo']

answer: @entity9468 :: (MESH:D014717,Disease) :: ['vertigo']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parallel and tapered threaded post placement on the strain and stress distribution of endodontically treated @entity4500 . Fifteen @entity291 incisors were sectioned 15 mm from their apices, endodontically treated, and divided into three groups (n=5) according to three different threaded posts: parallel threaded post (Radix-Anker, @entity309 ); tapered threaded post ( @entity7634 -Post, EP) and tapered threaded post (Reforpost II, RII). A strain-gauge was fixed on the proximal surface perpendicular to the long root axis, 2 mm from the cervical limit. Strain generated during post placement was recorded and compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=.05). A scanning electron microscope was used to examine the longitudinal root sections. Stress was evaluated for each group in a two-dimensional finite element analysis. The models were meshed with tetrahedron elements and loaded with 2 N at an angle of 135   to the lingual face. The equivalent Von Mises stress was calculated. The one-way ANOVA showed significant difference among the groups. The @entity309 group (150.0  12.2 A) produced higher external strain than the RII (80.0  12.2 B) and the EP (70.0  6.1 B) groups. The inner strain was approximately five times greater than the external dentin strain. High stress concentrations in each thread of the posts were observed. Scanning electron micrographs showed cracks that started in the threads of the posts. The threaded post placement induced root strain mainly on the parallel side post. Root strain and stress concentration on the post threads tended to create cracks in the inner root canal dentin.

title: Effects of threaded post placement on strain and stress distribution of endodontically treated XXXX .

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['teeth']


abstract: The increased use of agrochemical pesticides, such as @entity12472 ( @entity10664 ) and @entity1304 (END), may have a significant impact on ecosystem health and biodiversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of in ovum exposure to @entity10664 and END on Caiman latirostris gonadal histo-functional features. Caiman eggs were collected from environmentally pristine areas and incubated in controlled conditions at male producing temperature (33 degrees C). At stage 20 of embryonic development, the sensitive stage for gonadal sex determination, eggs were exposed to one dose of either END or @entity10664 . Gonadal histo-morphology was examined in caiman hatchlings and serum levels of @entity251 were measured. Regardless of treatment condition, all eggs incubated at 33 degrees C resulted in male hatchlings. Tortuous seminiferous tubules with increased perimeter, disrupted distribution of peritubular myoid cells (desmin positive), and emptied tubular lumens characterized the testes of pesticide-exposed caiman. An imbalance between proliferative activity and cell death was observed in the testes of caiman exposed to the higher doses of END, mainly due to a high frequency of apoptosis in intratubular cells. This altered cell turnover was associated with decreased @entity251 levels. Prenatal exposure to only one dose of END and @entity10664 disrupted neonatal male gonadal histo-functional features. Alterations described here could have detrimental effects on the sexual maturation of the caiman and, ultimately, on the success of male caiman reproduction.

title: Prenatal exposure to pesticides disrupts testicular histoarchitecture and alters XXXX levels in male Caiman latirostris.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['endosulfan']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a need for a technique allowing studies of @entity1 mucosal specimens collected during different clinical conditions. This study elucidates if square wave pulse analysis discriminates between epithelial and transmural electrical resistance and if there is an association with transepithelial permeability of molecular probes. METHODS: Mucosae from esophagus (surgical resections: n = 14; endoscopic biopsies: n = 15) and jejunum (n = 12) and Caco-2 cell monolayers were investigated in Ussing chambers. Transmural and epithelial electrical resistance were recorded by the use of standardized current pulses. Permeability was assessed using two @entity941 -labeled probes (weight 376 and 4000 Da). RESULTS: Baseline epithelial electrical resistance was higher in esophageal mucosa (~280   *cm(2)), than in jejunal (~10   *cm(2)) and Caco-2 cells (~140   *cm(2)). The subepithelial contribution to the transmural resistance was higher in jejunal preparations (+88%) and Caco-2 cells (+75%), than in esophageal (+30%). During @entity519 the subepithelial resistance was unchanged, whereas the epithelial resistance decreased significantly in jejunal mucosa and Caco-2 cells. These findings coincided with increased transepithelial probe permeability and signs of disturbed morphology. Esophageal epithelia were resistant to @entity519 . However, exposure to @entity6743 and trypsin abolished the esophageal epithelial resistance and increased probe permeability. Endoscopic esophageal biopsies from @entity1 with erosive @entity354 exhibited significantly lower epithelial resistance and higher current than healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Square wave pulse analysis in Ussing chambers is suitable for assessment of epithelial electrical resistance that can reflect transepithelial permeability of molecular probes with known size. Moreover, the technique discriminated between healthy and reflux-diseased esophageal mucosal biopsies.

title: In vitro assessment of epithelial electrical resistance in XXXX esophageal and jejunal mucosae and in Caco-2 cell layers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Chronic exposure of @entity35 to cold (5 degrees C) induces @entity101 within 3 weeks. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of treatment with graded levels of dietary @entity1219 on the induction of @entity101 during chronic exposure to cold. Four groups of male @entity35 were used. The first, given a commercial @entity1372 -deficient diet containing 0.30% @entity1219 , served as the warm-adapted control group. The second, third, and fourth groups were given the same diet containing 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.30% @entity1219 , respectively. Because cold-exposed @entity35 ingest approximately twice as much food as warm-adapted controls, this represented half, the same, and twice the amount of @entity1219 ingested by the control group. The latter three groups were placed in cold air (5 degrees C). All cold-treated groups had an elevation of systolic blood pressure that was proportional to the concentration of @entity1219 in the diet by the seventeenth week of exposure to cold. @entity1283 occurred to the same extent in all cold-exposed groups and was thus unaffected by the @entity1219 content of the diet or by the extent of elevation of blood pressure. Hence, @entity1283 during chronic exposure to cold is supported by other factors, possibly by the increased concentration of either @entity1063 or @entity1954 , or both, which occurs characteristically in @entity35 under these conditions. The results of this experiment suggest that the amount of @entity1219 ingested daily plays a role in the cold-induced elevation of blood pressure observed in @entity35 .

title: Effect of a reduction in XXXX intake on cold-induced elevation of blood pressure in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Hemodynamic responses to intravenous (i.v.) injection of @entity54007 [N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl] adenosine); @entity54007 ], a potent @entity859 agonist with a 32-fold selectivity for the @entity859 -2 (A2) receptor subtype, were characterized in conscious and anesthetized @entity35 . In conscious @entity35 instrumented with miniaturized pulsed-Doppler flow probes, i.v. injection of increasing doses of @entity54007 (3-30 micrograms/kg) had little effect on @entity551 ( @entity551 , maximal decrease -8 +/- 4 mm Hg) or renal and mesenteric resistance (maximal change 8 +/- 14 and 0 +/- 15%, respectively). In contrast, @entity54007 markedly reduced @entity551 (maximal decrease -61 +/- 8 mm Hg) in a dose-dependent (1-30 micrograms/kg) fashion in @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity35 . The A2 agonist also caused a sustained, dose-dependent increase in heart rate (HR, maximal increase 75 +/- 12 beats/min) in conscious @entity35 . The @entity591 and decrease in arterial pressure were completely reversed by i.v. administration of @entity54008 (250 micrograms/kg), a selective @entity859 receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with @entity1169 or @entity4033 significantly reduced but did not abolish the @entity591 , suggesting that the increase in HR was mediated only partially through reflex increases in sympathetic tone. These data indicate that (a) anesthesia potentiates the depressor actions of @entity54007 and (b) stimulation of A2 receptors increases HR through both direct and indirect mechanisms of action.

title: Selective @entity859 -2 agonist produces both direct and reflex XXXX in normotensive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of @entity3371 treatment and its withdrawal on the circulating and tissue peptidyl-dipeptidase A, @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ), and @entity1808 (A II), in relation to @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). METHODS: SHR male @entity35 were given @entity3371 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 [SHRcap, number (n) = 43] orally in mixture with milk powder as vehicle from intrautero period of 16 wk of age. @entity35 were killed at 16 (n = 19) and 40 (n = 24) wk of age, respectively. Male, age-matched untreated SHR and WKY @entity35 served as controls. SBP, left ventricular mass/body weight (LVM/BW) ratio, left ventricular (LV) myocardium and plasma A II concentration, aortic and serum peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity, @entity1808 mRNA level in kidney and liver, renal @entity3449 mRNA level were determined. RESULTS: @entity3371 treatment decreased SBP and reduced LVM/BW at 16 and 40 wk of age, and persistently inhibited LV myocardium A II, aortic peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity, and @entity1808 gene expression in kidney even after the treatment was removed. Nevertheless, no changes were found in plasma A II concentration, serum peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity, and @entity1808 mRNA level in liver by @entity3371 therapy. Renal @entity3449 mRNA level was low in SHR and WKY @entity35 , but it was increased by @entity3371 treatment. Tissue @entity3449 -angiotensin system (RAS) such as @entity1808 mRNA in kidney, aortic peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity, and LV myocardium A II, rather than circulating RAS ( @entity1808 mRNA in liver, @entity3449 mRNA in kidney, serum peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity and plasma A II), were persistently inhibited by early @entity3371 treatment, even after the withdrawal of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The long-term inhibition of tissue RAS is one of the mechanisms of the persistent @entity551 effect of @entity3371 treatment.

title: Effect of chronic @entity3371 treatment on circulating and tissue @entity3449 -angiotensin system in SHR XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen', 'AGT', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cutaneous field stimulation is used to treat localized itch. The aim of the present study was to determine whether such treatment induces neurochemical changes in the dorsal root ganglia in 30 @entity35 using a pan-neuronal marker @entity4119 ( @entity4119 ) and @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ). Electrical stimulation using the currents of either 0.13 mA or 0.53 mA--was given under general anaesthesia for 30 min per day for 10 days. Punch biopsies from the thoracal sk  n and the corresponding dorsal root ganglia were collected upon sacrifice. Both stimulation regimens induced proliferation of epidermal and @entity129 in the skin. The mean number of all cutaneous PGP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers after the electrical stimulation with 0.13 mA was increased by 49% (p<0.001), the mean number of epidermal PGP-IR nerve fibers was increased by 25% (p = 0.001) and the mean number of all @entity4655 -IR nerve fibers was increased by 65% (p<0.001) compared with controls. The mean number of all PGP-IR nerve fibers after the electrical stimulation with 0.53 mA was increased by 39% (p<0.001), the mean number of PGP-IR epidermal nerve fibers was increased by 30% (p = 0.001) and the mean number of @entity4655 -IR nerve fibers was increased by 65% (p<0.001) compared with controls. Only stimulation with 0.53 mA induced an up-regulation of sensory neuron markers in the dorsal root ganglia. The ratio of positive/negative PGP-IR cells was increased by 17% (p = 0.002), the ratio of positive/negative @entity4655 -IR cells was increased by 12% (p = 0.003) and the ratio of positive/negative VR1-IR cells was likewise increased by 10% (p = 0.008) as compared with the control ganglia. We conclude that serial cutaneous electrical stimulation by a moderate current in @entity35 does not induce neurochemical changes in the dorsal root ganglia.

title: Cutaneous field stimulation with moderate intensity current induces nerve proliferation in XXXX skin but has no effect on dorsal root ganglia.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['dermal nerve fibers']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve utilization of scarce surgical resources, we changed from a single tier @entity4215 ( @entity4215 ) to a three tiered @entity4215 at a tertiary pediatric @entity130 center. We investigated if @entity1 were appropriately classified into the three levels of @entity130 team activation. METHODS: @entity130 registry data were used to review data 12 months before and after implementation of a three tiered @entity4215 (level I entire @entity11962 , level II surgical subspecialties within 10 minutes, level III emergency department team only at @entity1 arrival). We correlated @entity4215 activation with proxies of injury severity (admission status and major/nonmajor @entity130 ). RESULTS: There were 192 activations during 12 months of the single tier @entity4215 and 216 during the three tier @entity4215 (33 level I, 49 level II, and 134 level III). The entire team was to attend in all 192 single tier and in 82 (40%) level I and II three tier @entity4215 activations i.e., there were 60% fewer surgical team activations. During single tier @entity4215 , 96% @entity1 were admitted and 23% classified as major @entity130 . Three tiered @entity4215 level I, II and III were admitted in 97%, 94%, and 81% and classified as major @entity130 in 58%, 35%, and 15%, respectively. Of the 20 level III @entity1 classified as major @entity130 , @entity4215 level was deemed appropriate in 18 and inappropriately low in 2, although @entity1 care had not been compromised. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a three tiered @entity4215 more efficiently utilizes limited surgical resources without leading to major misclassifications.

title: Reducing "cry wolf"--changing XXXX team activation at a pediatric @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['team present']

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['TPS', 'trauma paging system']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: It has been previously shown that cumuli oophori around ovulated oocytes of @entity2020 .BR-Y(del) female @entity19 (sired by males with the deleted Y chromosome) are more resistant to enzymatic treatment than cumuli oophori around eggs of control @entity2020 .BR females (having fathers with the intact Y chromosome). This can imply that some genes which influence the establishment of the imprinting pattern in male gametes are located in the region covered by the deletion. We hypothesize that the Y-dependent imprinting pattern, inherited by female offspring, affects stability of periovum layers within them. In the present study, cumulus-oocyte complexes ovulated by females from consomic strains: @entity7840 , @entity7840 -Y(BR), @entity7840 -Y(del), and @entity11643 , @entity11643 -Y(BR), @entity11643 -Y(del) were tested for their susceptibility to hyaluronidase digestion. The mean times for dispersal of cumulus cells surrounding oocytes of females from the backcross lines were convergent with the times typical for oocytes from strains being the donors of the Y chromosome ( @entity2020 .BR or @entity2020 .BR-Y(del)) and differed clearly from pure @entity7840 and @entity11643 strains. It confirmed previous findings that Y chromosomes of fathers influence the properties of cumulus-oocyte complexes ovulated by their daughters. This influence is definitely stronger than the influence of the genetic background. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the cumuli oophori surrounding oocytes of @entity2020 .BR-Y(del) females exhibit increased resistance to penetration by spermatozoa in vitro, in comparison to the control @entity2020 .BR strain. This regularity was reflected in the decreased proportion of fertilized ova recovered from oviducts of @entity2020 .BR-Y(del) females mated with @entity2020 .BR-Y(del) males and in the lower litter sizes recorded for these pairs. The excessive stability of cumuli oophori typical for oocytes of females having Y(del) fathers may negatively affect their fertility, if they have partners producing poor quality sperm.

title: Can the partial deletion in the Y chromosome of male XXXX affect the reproductive efficiency of their daughters?

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Contractile responses of @entity840 peripheral lung strips to @entity1063 were determined in the presence of @entity1169 (2.5 X 10(-6) mol/l). All strips (n = 44) contracted to @entity1063 and a geometric mean EC50 of 1.4 X 10(-6) mol/l (1.1 X 10(-6) mol/l, 1.8 X 10(-6) mol/l 95% confidence limits) was obtained. Contractions were antagonised by @entity5521 (5 X 10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l) and by @entity3159 (10(-8)-10(-7) mol/l). Dose-ratios (DR) were calculated and log ( @entity54108 ) was plotted against log concentration of antagonist to yield slopes (+/- SE) of 0.84 +/- 0.14 and 0.73 +/- 0.22 respectively which were not significantly different from unity. A pA2 value (+/- SE) of 6.7 +/- 0.2 was obtained for @entity5521 and 7.5 +/- 0.1 for @entity3159 . @entity3160 (10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l) did not significantly affect the maximal tension generated or the EC50 values for @entity1063 . These results suggest that alpha 1 adrenoceptors are mediating the contractile responses to @entity1063 . In the presence of @entity2072 (10(-5) mol/l, n = 18), @entity6531 (2 X 10(-5) mol/l, n = 15), @entity701 (2.5 X 10(-5) mol/l, n = 15) and @entity6531 (2 X 10(-5) mol/l) plus @entity2072 (10(-5) mol/l, n = 15) pA2 values for @entity5521 of 6.9, 6.7, 6.6, and 6.3 respectively were obtained. Since these pA2 values are not significantly different from 6.7, it is unlikely that this original pA2 value, which is lower than values obtained with @entity5521 at alpha-adrenoceptors in other tissues, may be explained by neuronal or extraneuronal uptake of @entity1063 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Studies on alpha adrenoceptors in XXXX peripheral lung strips.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence exists that maternal cigarette smoking is associated with @entity600 . Our purpose was to investigate the relation between maternal smoking cessation at different points during pregnancy and the @entity3152 rate and low birthweight. METHODS: Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. The study included @entity1 who gave birth to @entity1 within 6 years of the 1988 interview date (N = 4876). @entity3152 and @entity1 low birthweight were the main outcome measures. These measures were compared with maternal smoking status during pregnancy. @entity2357 models were computed to control for maternal age at the time of birth, parity, race, and total family income. RESULTS: @entity1 who did not smoke cigarettes during pregnancy were less likely to give birth prematurely (5.9% vs 8.2%, P = .003) or give birth to a low-birthweight baby (5.5% vs 8.9%, P < .001) than @entity1 who smoked at some time during the year before giving birth. A significant association existed between maternal smoking status and both @entity3152 and low birthweight. Compared with those who smoked beyond the first trimester, those who quit smoking within the first trimester had reductions in the proportion of preterm deliveries (6.7% vs 9.1%) and low birthweight @entity1 (7.9% vs 9.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Low birthweight and @entity3152 are reduced in @entity1 who stop smoking in the first trimester of pregnancy.

title: The effect of smoking cessation during pregnancy on XXXX and low birthweight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'Preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: 20 @entity1 with moderately severe @entity2348 were studied to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of parenteral @entity5899 / @entity869 . There were 9 female and 11 male @entity1 . Their mean age was 51 years. 8 @entity1 had @entity55 , 5 urinary tract infection, 4 cellulitis of the leg and 3 had @entity5389 . 85% of @entity1 had resolution of fever and symptoms within 48 hours of commencing treatment. 95% had successful treatment outcome. The organisms isolated included @entity526 , @entity4005 sp, @entity6729 and Bacillus species. In 2 @entity1 , the organisms isolated demonstrated in-vitro @entity869 resistance. However, they recovered fully with @entity5899 / @entity869 therapy. No adverse side-effects were reported and dosage adjustment was not required in the elderly.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity5899 / XXXX in the treatment of moderately severe @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['pustular tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of developing @entity301 in @entity1 and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated an almost linear relationship between smoking and coronary heart mortality and morbidity, the risk being more than twofold and most pronounced in younger individuals. RESULTS: Smokers are younger than nonsmokers when they suffer their first @entity583 , more of them are males, and they experience more frequently posterior @entity1188 . They are likely to develop right @entity1563 , the lesions being rather thrombogenic than @entity731 . This phenomenon may partly be related to the specific flow pattern in the right coronary artery. Passive smoking is harmful. Quitting smoking in @entity1 and in healthy individuals reduces the risk markedly within a short period of time. INTERPRETATION: Smoking causes vasoconstriction of coronary arteries, and endothelial function as well as fibrinolysis is impaired while platelets are activated. A @entity1 ex-vivo experimental model has shown that the @entity715 volume was increased twofold in blood from smokers at shear forces that are found in moderately stenosed coronary arteries. In addition, smokers are insulin-resistant and at increased risk of developing @entity6 .

title: [Smoking and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: A regional epidemiological investigation comprising one-tenth of the Danish population showed the annual incidence of new @entity2275 during the period 1963-68 to be 0.44 per 1000 inhabitants aged 15 years and over. The corresponding incidence of solitary ulcers among former 'non- @entity1066 ' @entity1 was 0.31 per 1000. Similar incidence rates have been registered in comparable investigations from other Northern European countries within the last decades. The disease appears, however, to be relatively more frequent in Danish @entity1 than in @entity1 elsewhere, excluding in Australia. The annual incidence varied, but no indications of a systematic trend was registered. In solitary ulcers the ratio male: female was 1.1:1, while it was 2.2:1 in the cases in which a duodenal @entity1066 had been demonstrated, earlier or simultaneously with the @entity2275 . The age incidence was identical for the two categories of @entity1 . In both groups a considerable rise in the incidence was registered only in age groups above 40 years. In @entity1 the incidence was maximal for the 60-64 year age groups, while in @entity1 it increased with increasing age. The age-specific incidence rates of diagnostication as well as of symptomatic debut did not vary significantly according to the localization of the lesion.

title: The incidence of XXXX in Copenhagen county.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for spontaneous @entity600 (birth <37 weeks gestation) with intact membranes ( @entity8676 -IM) and @entity8676 after prelabour rupture of the membranes ( @entity8676 -PPROM) for nulliparous pregnant @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective international multicentre cohort. @entity1 : 3234 healthy nulliparous @entity1 with a singleton pregnancy, follow up was complete in 3184 of @entity1 (98.5%). RESULTS: Of the 3184 @entity1 , 156 (4.9%) had their pregnancy complicated by @entity8676 ; 96 (3.0%) and 60 (1.9%) in the @entity8676 -IM and @entity8676 -PPROM categories, respectively. Independent risk factors for @entity8676 -IM were @entity3799 , abnormal uterine Doppler flow, use of marijuana pre-pregnancy, lack of overall feeling of well being, being of Caucasian ethnicity, having a mother with @entity6 and/or a history of @entity1468 , and a family history of low birth weight babies. Independent risk factors for @entity8676 -PPROM were @entity3799 , @entity851 , @entity1 's not being the first born in the family, longer time to conceive, not waking up at night, hormonal fertility treatment (excluding @entity4082 ), mild @entity101 , family history of recurrent @entity6677 , and maternal family history of any @entity2208 (risk reduction). Low BMI (<20) nearly doubled the risk for @entity8676 -PPROM (odds ratio 2.64; 95% CI 1.07-6.51). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), after internal validation, was 0.69 for @entity8676 -IM and 0.79 for @entity8676 -PPROM. CONCLUSION: The ability to predict PTB in healthy nulliparous @entity1 using clinical characteristics is modest. The dissimilarity of risk factors for @entity8676 -IM compared with @entity8676 -PPROM indicates different pathophysiological pathways underlie these distinct phenotypes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTR.org.au ACTRN12607000551493.

title: Risk factors for @entity600 in an international prospective cohort of nulliparous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['shorter cervical length']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Authors report a case of @entity12924 in a 6 year old @entity1 . @entity12924 is a @entity395 characterized by the combination of acquired @entity2026 and @entity302 abnormalities like diffuse spikes-and-waves in sleep EEG. @entity410 are associated in 50 to 80% of cases and generally disappear at puberty. @entity146 ranges from minor psychomotor disturbances to @entity716 -like features. Onset appears at an age between 3 to 7 years. The relationship between @entity2026 and @entity302 remains unclear, even if language improvement frequently follows EEG improvement. The hypothesis of an underlying @entity198 could explain the whole syndrome but is not yet validated. Therapy should associate antiepileptic drugs, @entity228 treatment and speech therapy, but no controlled study is available to confirm this protocol. @entity2026 recovery is generally incomplete. The evolution of @entity146 is not well documented. In the reported case, one year after onset, sleep EEG again became normal, @entity146 had disappeared, but spoken language was still absent.

title: [Acquired @entity2026 in a XXXX with @entity302 ( @entity12924 ). Comments apropos of a case with 1-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder', 'behavior disturbances', 'Behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity3657 with @entity613 includes angioplasty, pharmaceutical therapy, risk factor modification and exercise therapy. Supervised exercise programmes are used sporadically but may improve the distance that an individual with claudication can walk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-month supervised exercise programme on improving gait parameters in @entity1 with @entity613 . METHODS: 12 @entity1 were recruited (mean (SD) - age: 67.3 (6.8) years, height: 1.67 (0.09) m, mass: 79.4 (14.0) kg, ankle brachial pressure index: 0.73 (0.17)) from the local vascular unit and enrolled in a supervised exercise programme. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected at the following time points: @entity158 -free walking, initial @entity158 , @entity613 pain and after a @entity1 -defined rest period. Data were collected before and after the 3-month supervised exercise programme. FINDINGS: No significant differences were found in any of the gait parameters post-intervention including @entity158 -free walking speed (P=0.274), peak hip extension (P=0.125), peak ankle plantarflexion (P=0.254), or first vertical ground reaction force peak (P=0.654). No significant gait differences were found across different levels of @entity158 pre- or post-intervention. INTERPRETATION: The lack of improvement post-intervention observed suggests that the current exercise protocol was not tailored to elicit significant improvements in @entity1 with @entity613 , specifically. The results indicate that exercise programmes may show improved results post-intervention if they are longer in duration and varied in intensity. Further research into more detailed muscle and biomechanical adaptations is needed to inform exercise programmes specific to this population.

title: The effect of a 3-month supervised exercise programme on gait parameters of XXXX with @entity3657 and @entity613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['absolute claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'claudication pain']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8923 binding protein (BP) neutralizes the activity of @entity8923 , a cytokine implicated in @entity1569 and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of recombinant @entity1 @entity10454 (r- @entity10454 ) in healthy volunteers and subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 in four phase I studies. A) Healthy volunteers (n = 24) were randomised to receive a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of r- @entity10454 (20, 70, 210 or 350 mg) or placebo. B) Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were randomised to receive six sc injections of r- @entity10454 (35 or 175 mg, 48 h between injections) or placebo. C) Subjects with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 (n = 35) were randomised to receive r- @entity10454 (20, 160 or 320 mg, sc tiw) or placebo for 6 weeks. D) Subjects with active, moderate-to-severe @entity309 (n = 36) were randomised to receive r- @entity10454 (20, 80, 160 mg, sc tiw) or placebo for 6 weeks. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety were assessed in all four studies. r- @entity10454 showed a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, with a peak serum concentration of 6-48 hours. With repeated sc injections tiw, a steady state was achieved in 1-2 weeks among subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 . The majority of adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. Injection site reactions were the most frequently reported event in subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 . r- @entity10454 displays dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, has a favourable safety profile and is well-tolerated in healthy volunteers and in subjects with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 or active, moderate-to-severe @entity309 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX binding protein in healthy volunteers and subjects with @entity309 or @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: @entity692 has been rubbed against ultra-high-molecular-weight- @entity691 ( @entity41819 ) under @entity460 -containg aqueous solutions. Further, @entity3358 tests were carried out in air and in @entity460 -containing solutions whose pH ranged from pH 5 to pH 9. @entity3358 was found to vary with pH with a peak at around pH 7, i.e. - a chemomechanical effect was observed. Wear tests consisted in sliding @entity692 samples against a UHMWPE disk for eight hours when lubricated by the same solutions as those used for the @entity3358 tests. Volume loss, pH and @entity460 concentration were measured for up to 8 hours of sliding. Linking wear tests results with @entity3358 results and supersaturation levels, it was concluded that two wear mechanisms occurred. A chemical mechanism depending on supersaturation occurred at the early stages of sliding. The wear rate was essentially independent of @entity3358 during this stage. After a few hours, depending on the supersaturation of the lubricant, the chemical mechanism turned into a chemomechanical mechanism dependant on @entity3358 .

title: Material removal during the sliding of XXXX against UHMWPE.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['Hardness', 'hardness']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Acquired @entity447 is a rare @entity3459 caused by autoantibodies to coagulation @entity2801 . Bleeding episodes at presentation are spontaneous and severe in most cases. Optimal hemostatic therapy is controversial, and available data are from observational and retrospective studies only. The EACH2 registry, a multicenter, pan-European, Web-based database, reports current @entity1 management. The aim was to assess the control of first @entity548 episodes treated with a bypassing agent (rFVIIa or aPCC), @entity2801 , or DDAVP among 501 registered @entity1 . Of 482 @entity1 with one or more @entity548 episodes, 144 (30%) received no treatment for @entity548 ; 31 were treated with symptomatic therapy only. Among 307 @entity1 treated with a first-line hemostatic agent, 174 (56.7%) received rFVIIa, 63 (20.5%) aPCC, 56 (18.2%) @entity2801 , and 14 (4.6%) DDAVP. Bleeding was controlled in 269 of 338 (79.6%) @entity1 treated with a first-line hemostatic agent or ancillary therapy alone. Propensity score matching was applied to allow unbiased comparison between treatment groups. Bleeding control was significantly higher in @entity1 treated with bypassing agents versus @entity2801 /DDAVP (93.3% vs 68.3%; P = .003). Bleeding control was similar between rFVIIa and aPCC (93.0%; P = 1). @entity715 events were reported in 3.6% of treated @entity1 with a similar incidence between rFVIIa (2.9%) and aPCC (4.8%).

title: Management of XXXX in acquired @entity447 : results from the European Acquired @entity447 (EACH2) Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that @entity22534 are upregulated in the dilated failing hearts and involved in the development and progression of @entity296 . However, little is known about the role of MMPs in mediating adverse @entity296 in response to chronic pressure overload (PO). We, thus, hypothesized that selective disruption of the @entity5780 gene could ameliorate PO-induced @entity299 in @entity19 . PO @entity1184 was induced by transverse aortic constriction ( @entity11636 ) in male @entity5780 knockout (KO) @entity19 (n=10) and sibling @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (n=9). At 6 weeks, myocardial @entity5780 zymographic activity was 2.4-fold increased in @entity164 + @entity11636 , and this increase was not observed in KO+ @entity11636 , with no significant alterations in other MMPs ( @entity56018 ) or tissue inhibitors of MMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4). @entity11636 resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) weight and LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) with preserved systolic function. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 exerted significantly lower LV weight/body weight (4.2+/-0.2 versus 5.0+/-0.2 mg/g; P<0.01), lung weight/body weight (4.9+/-0.2 versus 6.2+/-0.4 mg/g; P<0.01), and LV end-diastolic pressure (4+/-1 versus 10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 despite comparable aortic pressure. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 had less myocyte @entity1184 (cross-sectional area; 322+/-14 versus 392+/-14 microm2; P<0.01) and interstitial @entity82 (collagen volume fraction; 3.3+/-0.5 versus 8.2+/-1.0%; P<0.01) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 . @entity5780 plays an important role in PO-induced @entity1002 . The inhibition of @entity5780 activation may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic strategy to manage @entity101 .

title: Targeted deletion of XXXX ameliorates @entity296 in @entity19 with chronic pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity5780 :: (17390(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']


abstract: Immunotherapy is an established mode of treatment for Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis, although adverse reactions may occur. We report the case of a 33-year-old @entity1 , the wife of a beekeeper, who experienced a @entity56 following a @entity5157 sting. Initial specific immunotherapy had to be stopped due to anaphylaxis (multiple immediate cardiovascular reactions). We looked for an alternative treatment option, and repeated immunotherapy accompanied by the anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) E monoclonal antibody omalizumab. Our new protocol was well tolerated. After 1 year of therapy, the @entity1 was stung by a @entity5157 and developed only a slight local reaction, which resolved spontaneously. This result confirmed the success of our specific immunotherapy. We compared our results with those of 6 similar cases in the literature. AntiIgE has provided a treatment option for @entity1 with severe @entity56 that is difficult to treat. This case suggests that omalizumab may be able to prevent anaphylaxis during immunotherapy.

title: Severe anaphylaxis to XXXX venom immunotherapy: efficacy of pretreatment and concurrent treatment with omalizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic allergic reaction', 'IgE-mediated allergic disease']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['bee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of serum @entity1674 (TG) as a risk factor of @entity65 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 has been emphasized in recent studies. OBJECTIVES: In the study of our group of @entity2175 @entity1 with and without @entity453 ( @entity453 ), it has been expedient to follow: 1. the difference in their serum TG, VLDL lipoprotein, total, HDL and LDL @entity165 levels, 2. dependence of other parameters on TG, 3. to answer the question as to what extent the lowering of TG in @entity2175 @entity1 is expected to be decreasing the risk of @entity453 . METHODS: The investigated groups included the total of 39 @entity2175 out- @entity1 ; 20 with manifest signs of @entity453 . The lipoproteins were measured using the BIO-LACHEMAR kits. MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity453 group, the serum TG and VLDL were significantly increased, HDL @entity165 being lower (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.02, respectively). The TG-to-HDL @entity165 , TG-to-total @entity165 ratios and atherogenic index (= total @entity165 -to-HDL @entity165 ratio) were in the @entity453 group also significantly higher (p < 0.02, p < 0.02 and p < 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the serum TG was positively correlated with the atherogenic index and LDL (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05; r = 0.603 and r = 0.397, respectively). The logarithm of TG was a strong positive correlate of the total @entity165 (p < 0.001; r = 0.584). On the other hand, the serum TG was negatively correlated with HDL @entity165 (p < 0.005; r = -0.466). When logarithm of TG was taken, the statistical significance of all these correlations was even higher. The serum TG levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity453 . (Tab. 2, Fig. 7, Ref. 10.)

title: [Risk of XXXX in @entity1 with type II diabetes mellitus in relation to serum @entity1674 ].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular complications']


abstract: A second coronary artery bypass grafting procedure was performed for recurrent angina in 119 @entity1 between 1970 and mid-1983. Angiographic findings were assessed and computerized using the Brandt myocardial scoring system. The myocardial score was similar prior to the first and second operations. Graft failure was the most common indication for re-operation, either alone (48%) or in combination with progression of @entity453 (29%) or incomplete revascularization (10%). Progression of @entity453 alone was an indication in 9% and previous incomplete revascularization alone in 4%. The completeness of revascularization at the end of operation was analysed using a new index, the myocardial score/graft coverage rate. This showed that revascularization was less complete at the second operation than at the first (P less than 0.0001). The hospital mortality at re-operation was 2.5% and the peri-operative @entity583 rate was 9.2%. The follow-up period was 54 months (range 10-160 months). Actuarial survival was 94% at 5 years and 74% at 10 years. The average onset of recurrent angina was earlier after the second operation than after the first (P = 0.001). Using a cumulative actuarial curve, survival at 8 years was 85%, a further 6% of @entity1 had undergone a third or fourth operation, and a further 25% were in NYHA Classes III or IV. Therefore 54% achieved a good or excellent result. It was concluded that re-operation is a worthwhile procedure.

title: Early and late results of re-operation for XXXX : a 13-year experience.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Preferential phosphorylation of specific proteins by @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) may be mediated in part by the anchoring of PKA to a family of @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) positioned in close proximity to target proteins. This interaction is thought to depend on binding of the type II regulatory (RII) subunits to @entity1129 and is essential for PKA-dependent modulation of the @entity140 / @entity4176 receptor, the L-type @entity141 channel, and the KCa channel. We hypothesized that the targeted disruption of the gene for the ubiquitously expressed RIIalpha subunit would reveal those tissues and signaling events that require anchored PKA. RIIalpha knockout @entity19 appear normal and healthy. In adult skeletal muscle, @entity18522 protein levels increased to partially compensate for the loss of RIIalpha. Nonetheless, a reduction in both catalytic (C) subunit protein levels and total kinase activity was observed. Surprisingly, the anchored PKA-dependent potentiation of the L-type @entity141 channel in RIIalpha knockout skeletal muscle was unchanged compared with wild type although it was more sensitive to inhibitors of PKA- @entity37799 interactions. The C subunit colocalized with the L-type @entity141 channel in transverse tubules in wild-type skeletal muscle and retained this localization in knockout muscle. The @entity18522 subunit was shown to bind @entity1129 , although with a 500-fold lower affinity than the RIIalpha subunit. The potentiation of the L-type @entity141 channel in RIIalpha knockout @entity19 skeletal muscle suggests that, despite a lower affinity for @entity37799 binding, @entity18522 is capable of physiologically relevant anchoring interactions.

title: Type II regulatory subunits are not required for the anchoring-dependent modulation of @entity141 channel activity by XXXX -dependent protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-kinase anchor proteins', 'AKAPs']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: AIMS: According to our knowledge, no study has attempted to explore the risk of @entity322 ( @entity322 ) after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This study aimed to examine the relationship between @entity131 in Taiwanese @entity1 and their risk of developing @entity322 . METHODS: The study was based on 2,416 female @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity131 together with 12,080 matched enrollees without a history of @entity131 as a comparison group. All @entity1 were tracked for a 1-year period from their index date to identify those who developed subsequent @entity322 . The stratified Cox proportional hazards models were performed to compute the risk of @entity322 between groups. RESULTS: Of 14,496 @entity1 , 104 (4.30%) from the @entity131 group and 192 (1.59%) from the comparison group had a diagnosis of @entity322 during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of @entity322 was 4.50 (95% CI: 3.69-5.43) per 100 @entity1 -years in @entity1 with @entity131 and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.40-1.86) per 100 @entity1 -years in @entity1 without @entity131 . The stratified Cox proportional analysis showed that after adjusting for socioeconomic status, @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity6 , and hysterectomy, the increased @entity322 risk of @entity1 with @entity131 persisted at about the same level as in the unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio   =   2.78; 95% CI   =   2.16-3.53). In addition, although @entity1 with severe and moderate @entity131 had higher incidence rates of @entity322 than @entity1 with mild @entity131 , the difference did not reach a statistically significant level (P   =   0.090). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that an increased risk of @entity322 exists at the first year follow-up in @entity1 with a @entity131 diagnosis.

title: @entity131 increases the risk of female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']