abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natively unfolded (intrinsically disordered) proteins have attracted growing attention due to their high abundance in nature, involvement in various signalling and regulatory pathways and direct association with many diseases. In the present work the combined effect of temperature and @entity4313 , @entity23054 ( @entity33270 ) and @entity18560 ( @entity18561 ), on the natively unfolded @entity5291 protein was studied to elucidate the balance between temperature-induced folding and unfolding in intrinsically disordered proteins. It was shown that elevated temperatures induce reversible partial folding of @entity5291 both in buffer and in the mixed solutions containing denaturants. In the mixed solutions containing @entity33270 (HFIP) 4E- @entity23380 adopts a partially folded helical conformation. As the temperature increases, the initial temperature-induced protein folding is replaced by irreversible unfolding/melting only after a certain level of the protein helicity has been reached. Onset unfolding temperature decreases with @entity33270 (HFIP) concentration in solution. It was shown that an increase in the temperature induces two divergent processes in a natively unfolded protein-hydrophobicity-driven folding and unfolding. Balance between these two processes determines thermal behaviour of a protein. The correlation between heat-induced protein unfolding and the amount of helical content in a protein is revealed. Heat-induced secondary structure formation can be a valuable test to characterise minor changes in the conformations of natively unfolded proteins as a result of site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants with an increased propensity to fold into a structured form reveal different temperature behaviour.

title: Effect of Temperature on the Conformation of Natively Unfolded Protein 4E- XXXX in Aqueous and Mixed Solutions Containing @entity23054 and @entity18560 .

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol']

entities_list: @entity18560 :: ('MESH:C001337', 'Chemical') :: ['hexafluoroisopropanol']

answer: @entity23380 :: (474256,Gene) :: ['BP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity162 is a relatively common, long-term, and disabling @entity146 that is associated with high levels of functional impairment, morbidity, mortality, and an increased risk of suicide. Psychiatric co-morbidity in @entity162 ranges from 57.3% to 74.3%, whereas medical co-morbidity varies from 2.7-70%. Indian scenario in this aspect is not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective was to ascertain the prevalence of physical and @entity146 co-morbidities in @entity1 attending a tertiary care center over a period of 1 year and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical variables. One hundred and twenty-five case record files were included in the review. OPCRIT software was used for re-establishing the diagnosis of @entity162 , which yielded 120 cases. A semi-structured pro-forma, specifically designed for the study, was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical details. RESULTS: Co-morbid @entity146 were found in 52 (43.3%) of the sample, whereas co-morbid @entity221 was present in 77 (64.2%) @entity1 . The most common @entity146 disorder associated was substance use disorder (27.5%), whereas co-morbid @entity65 was the most frequent physical diagnosis in the sample (20%). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of co-morbid @entity146 in @entity162 @entity1 was lower than that reported in western literature. It could be related to retrospective nature of study or reflect true lower prevalence rates. Also, certain disorders such as @entity1277 were absent in our sample, and @entity2704 diagnosis was very infrequent.

title: Co-morbidity in XXXX : A Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Surgery in the insular region is considered challenging because of its vascular relationships, the proximity of functional structures, and its deep location in the sylvian fissure. The authors report the incidence and consequences of @entity2806 after operculoinsular corticectomy for @entity302 . METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the data of all @entity1 who underwent an insular resection with or without an opercular resection for @entity302 at their center. All @entity1 underwent postoperative MRI, enabling a radiological analysis of the @entity2806 as a result of the corticectomies. The resections were classified according to the location and extent of the insular corticectomy and the type of operculectomy. Each @entity1 underwent clinical follow-up. RESULTS Twenty @entity1 underwent surgery. All @entity1 underwent insular corticectomy with or without an operculectomy. @entity2806 were identified in 12 @entity1 (60%). In these @entity1 , 11 @entity2806 (55%) were related to the insular corticectomy, and 1 was related to the associated periinsular resection. The @entity2806 associated with the insulectomies were typically located in the corona radiata running from the insula to the periventricular region. Nine @entity1 (45%) developed a postoperative @entity51 , among whom 6 (67%) had an insular corticectomy-related @entity2806 . All reported @entity51 were transient. Five @entity1 (25%) had @entity2806 without @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS Operculoinsular corticectomies are associated with @entity2806 in approximately 60% of @entity1 . However, given that no @entity1 had a @entity86 , these @entity2806 have few clinical consequences. Therefore, this surgical procedure can be considered reasonably safe for the treatment of @entity302 .

title: Vascular consequences of operculoinsular corticectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic lesions', 'ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['definitive postoperative deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that the transforming DNA @entity5 virus @entity2235 (SV40) is associated with @entity1 @entity5 . SV40 small @entity5 antigen (small t) interacts with endogenous @entity563 / @entity1889 protein @entity4333 ( @entity4333 ) and is required for the transforming activity of SV40 in epithelial cells of the lung and kidney. Here, we show that expression of SV40 small t in epithelial MDCK cells induces acute morphological changes and multilayering. Significantly, it also causes severe defects in the biogenesis and barrier properties of tight junctions (TJs) but does not prevent formation of adherens junctions. Small t-induced TJ defects are associated with a loss of @entity4333 from areas of cell-cell contact; altered distribution and reduced amounts of the TJ proteins ZO-1, @entity11177 , and @entity3670 ; and marked disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Small t-mediated F-actin rearrangements encompass increased Rac-induced membrane ruffling and lamellipodia, @entity5605 -initiated filopodia, and loss of Rho-dependent stress fibers. Indeed, these F-actin changes coincide with elevated levels of @entity5180 and @entity5605 and decreased amounts of @entity3547 in small t-expressing cells. Notably, these cellular effects of small t are dependent on its interaction with endogenous @entity4333 . Thus, our findings provide the first evidence that, in polarized epithelial cells, expression of small t alone is sufficient to induce deregulation of Rho GTPases, F-actin, and intercellular adhesion, through interaction with endogenous @entity4333 . Because defects in the actin cytoskeleton and TJ disruption have been linked to loss of cell polarity and @entity5 invasiveness, their deregulation by @entity4333 and small t likely contributes to the role of SV40 in epithelial cell transformation.

title: XXXX small @entity5 antigen induces deregulation of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junctions in kidney epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['Simian virus 40']


abstract: There are four major classes of descending interneurons in the myenteric plexus of the @entity840 small intestine. In this study, the connections made by two of these classes of descending interneurons with other interneurons and with inhibitory motor neurons have been investigated using confocal, conventional fluorescence and electron microscopy. The terminals of descending interneurons known to contain both @entity6138 (BN) and @entity842 synthase (NOS) were identified by BN immunoreactivity (IR). Cholinergic interneurons known to contain @entity1943 (SOM) were identified by SOM-IR. The connections of these two groups of interneurons with the following three classes of nerve cell bodies were examined: those with NOS-IR that also contain @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) (inhibitory motor neurons), those with only NOS-IR (descending interneurons and inhibitory motor neurons) and those with only @entity1246 -IR (motor neurons). The BN-IR and SOM-IR interneurons were found to form connections with each other, and both types of interneurons provided inputs to motor neurons. Most previous analyses of interconnections in the enteric plexuses have been by conventional fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. In the present work these are compared with confocal microscopy. BN-IR varicosities formed pericellular baskets around each class of nerve cell that were easily identifiable with all techniques. Using confocal microscopy, BN-IR varicosities that were in contact with NOS-IR and @entity1246 -IR nerve cells were quantified. Confocal microscopy demonstrated over twice as many contacts as were shown by a previous electron microscopic study. In contrast, conventional fluorescence microscopy showed little indication that SOM-IR varicosities formed inputs to NOS-IR or @entity1246 -IR nerve cells, despite the fact that confocal microscopy revealed direct appositions and electron microscopy revealed synapses. This study has shown that confocal analysis is a valuable adjunct to conventional fluorescence microscopy for determining neuronal circuitry. Moreover, it allows a more rapid collection of data than does electron microscopy. It is concluded that chains of BN-IR and SOM-IR interneurons from descending pathways in the small intestine and that both types of interneuron connect with muscle motor neurons.

title: Appositions made by axons of descending interneurons in the XXXX small intestine, investigated by confocal microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1369 blockade reduces sudden @entity204 in @entity712 , but the underlying mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study's aim was to determine whether chronic @entity14292 treatment protects against detrimental ventricular electrical remodeling and development of an arrhythmogenic substrate in a rapid ventricular pacing (RVP)-induced @entity712 model. METHODS: @entity235 were assigned randomly to oral placebo or @entity14292 treatment and divided into 4 groups: 2 sham-operated (no RVP) and 2 RVP groups. After 5 weeks of no RVP or RVP along with concurrent placebo or @entity14292 treatment, @entity235 underwent echocardiographic assessments of systolic function and chamber size and electrophysiologic measurements of ventricular repolarization, refractoriness, conduction, @entity591 inducibility, and myocardial activation delays after premature stimulation. RESULTS: @entity14292 failed to prevent @entity1002 or chamber enlargement in RVP @entity235 . @entity14292 attenuated prolongation of ventricular repolarization and refractoriness, increases in dispersion of repolarization and refractoriness, fractionation of ventricular electrograms, and delays in myocardial activation after premature stimulation at short coupling intervals and improved @entity943 vulnerability score in RVP @entity235 with @entity712 . @entity1165 inducibility in @entity712 @entity235 was predicted by activation delays after premature stimulation at short coupling intervals, which were prevented by @entity14292 . @entity14292 did not alter electrophysiological parameters in no-RVP @entity235 without @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity14292 attenuates @entity712 -related ventricular electrical remodeling and @entity591 vulnerability. Inhibition of myocardial activation delays during premature excitation may contribute to preventing development of an arrhythmogenic ventricular substrate in @entity712 .

title: XXXX blockade attenuates development of an electrophysiological substrate associated with @entity1165 in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['Aldosterone']


abstract: The world's medical literature on @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome was reviewed, and data on 133 @entity1 with @entity32117 were identified. The median age of onset was 15 years (range 9-74 years) with a 3:1 female-to-male predominance. Common laboratory abnormalities included elevated Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rates and elevated urinary @entity2262 levels. Ocular symptoms preceded systemic symptoms in 21% of cases, and followed systemic symptoms by up to 14 months in 65% of cases. @entity1596 involved only the anterior segment in 80% of cases. @entity1596 was bilateral at presentation in 77% of cases. @entity1 were treated with systemic @entity288 in 80% of cases and with immunosuppressive drugs in 9% of cases. @entity1596 recurred or followed a chronic course in 56% of @entity1 and persisted for several years in some cases. @entity2194 (including posterior @entity5862 , @entity231 , and @entity2790 ) were reported in 21% of cases. The visual prognosis appears to be good. Persistent @entity8 was reported in 11% of cases, including five @entity1 who required renal dialysis. @entity32117 is a distinct clinical entity that may be under-recognized and may account for some cases of unexplained chronic or recurrent @entity1596 . It is important for ophthalmologists, nephrologists, and primary care providers to be familiar with this disorder to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

title: The XXXX syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

entities_list: @entity32117 :: ('MESH:C536922', 'Disease') :: ['TINU syndrome', 'TINU', 'tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity32117 :: (MESH:C536922,Disease) :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of microarousals (MA) associated with pressure changes during auto- @entity3128 therapy ( @entity1443 ) for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity27 were studied by polysomnography during @entity1443 therapy (Somnosmart). The MA were classified on the basis of concomitant changes in @entity1443 pressure. SETTING: Sleep laboratory of a university hospital @entity1 : 30 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity27 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The mean AHI during @entity1443 was 4.7+/-4.7, the mean arousal index was 14.5+/-6.6 per hour. During epochs with a pressure variation greater than 0.5 mbar, significantly more MA occurred (0.30+/-0.17 MA per epoch) than in epochs with constant treatment pressure (0.10+/-0.054 MA per epoch; p<0.001). There were more MA during pressure-increase epochs than during pressure-decrease epochs (0.42+/-0.24 vs. 0.16+/-0.12 MA per epoch; p<0.001). 82.5 percent of the MA were not preceded by a significant change in pressure (at least 0.5 mbar within 30 sec.), 10.6% were associated with a significant prior increase and 6.9% with a significant prior decrease in pressure. The percentage of MA preceded by a significant pressure variation varied between 2.3% and 61%, with a mean of 18.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The overall frequency of MA was low, and in most individuals the relative amount of "pressure-associated MA" was not significant. However in some individuals it cannot be excluded that some additional MA may have been induced by pressure variations. Should it prove possible to prevent such "pressure-associated MA" by optimizing the regulation of @entity1443 pressure, the overall clinical effect of @entity1443 treatment may be improved.

title: Auto- @entity3128 therapy for XXXX : induction of microarousals by automatic variations of @entity3128 pressure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mortality and complication rates after total hip replacement (THR) are inversely associated with the volume of THRs performed at hospitals and by individual surgeons. It is not clear, however, why a higher volume of such procedures is associated with better outcomes. We evaluated the contribution of hospital structural characteristics to the volume-outcome relationship in THR by examining the rates and predictors of @entity260 . METHODS: We analyzed data pertaining to 5,211 Medicare @entity1 who underwent primary THR in 1995 or 1996 at 167 hospitals in Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Data were derived from several sources, including Medicare Part A and Part B claims, the American Board of Medical Specialties, a hospital survey regarding institution-specific characteristics and structural aspects of the care setting, and the American Hospital Association 1995 Annual Survey. Multivariate models were constructed to determine whether hospital structure or surgeon-associated factors may underlie the relationship between volume of THRs and the occurrence of perioperative orthopedic adverse events, @entity2632 wound @entity281 or @entity572 within 90 days of surgery. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 studied, 2.6% experienced an orthopedic adverse event after THR. Sixty-nine percent fewer events occurred in hospitals where >100 THRs in Medicare @entity1 were performed annually, compared with hospitals where <or=25 THRs were performed. In univariate analyses, several hospital-level factors were associated with a reduced (approximately 50%) risk of adverse events, including private (versus public) ownership, membership in the Council of Teaching Hospitals, presence of any residency training program, availability of a dedicated orthopedic nursing unit, and existence of operating rooms with laminar flow exhaust systems. However, the only hospital-level factor associated with adverse events in multivariate models was the use of laminar flow exhaust systems. When surgeon volume was added to the models, it was the strongest predictor of adverse events, with hospital volume and hospital-level factors having no appreciable association with adverse events. CONCLUSION: Hospital-level factors were not independent predictors of the association between hospital volume and orthopedic adverse events. The volume of THRs performed by individual surgeons is the most important @entity532 and should be considered in efforts to improve THR outcomes.

title: Contribution of hospital characteristics to the volume-outcome relationship: dislocation and XXXX following total hip replacement surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of orthopedic complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['defined as deep']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM: To assess the clinical effects and the morphological grade of @entity2850 . METHODS: In a prospective single-center randomized, open study we assessed the clinical effects and the morphological grade of @entity2850 during 20 min of either a @entity6619 ring (group A) or pneumatic tourniquet (group B) placement variantly on the upper non-dominant limb in 14 healthy @entity1 volunteers. Before and during compression, the median and radial nerves were visualized in both groups by 3 Tesla MR imaging, using high resolutional (2.5 mm slice thickness) axial T2-weighted sequences. RESULTS: In group A, Visual analog @entity158 scale was 5.4    2.2 compared to results of group B, 2.9    2.5, showing a significant difference (P = 0.028). FPS levels in group A were 2.6    0.9 compared to levels in group B 1.6    1, showing a significant difference (P = 0.039). Results related to measureable effect on median and radial nerve function were equal in both groups. No undue pressure signs on the skin, redness or @entity16 occurred in either group. There was no significant difference in the diameters of the nerves without and under compression in either group on T2 weighted images. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, no differences between narrow and wide tourniquets were identified. @entity6619 ring tourniquets can be regarded as safe for short time application.

title: @entity2850 and @entity158 in XXXX volunteers with narrow vs wide tourniquets.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity6619 :: ('MESH:D012825', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicon', 'silicon']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It would be of considerable interest to clinicians if the burden of chronic @entity57 (CPA) and @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) in India were known. Herein, we estimate the burden of CPA following @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ), and @entity5929 (and @entity364 [ @entity364 ]) complicating @entity565 . METHODS: We used the population estimates for India from the 2011 census data. The burden of @entity565 was estimated using three different methods (Global Initiative against Asthma [GINA] report statement, World Health Survey [WHS] estimates, Indian study on the epidemiology of @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 [INSEARCH]). Global and India-specific figures were used for calculating the prevalence of @entity5929 and @entity364 . The World Health Organization estimates were used for calculating @entity1907 rates while the frequency of CPA was assessed from a previously published scoping review. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the burden in various scenarios. RESULTS: The total Indian population in 2011 was 1.2 billion. The @entity565 prevalence in adults was estimated at about 27.6 (range, 17-30) million. The burden of @entity5929 ranged from 0.12-6.09 million with different assumptions (best estimate, 1.38 [range, 0.86-1.52] million). The prevalence of @entity364 was approximated at about 0.52-1.21 million (best estimate, 0.96 [range, 0.6-1.06] million). The incident @entity1906 cases were about 2.1 million while the annual incidence of CPA varied 27,000-0.17 million cases, with different estimates. If the mortality of CPA is estimated as 15% annually, the 5-year prevalence of CPA was placed at 290,147 cases with 5-year prevalence rate being 24 per 100,000. CONCLUSION: There is a significant burden of @entity5929 , @entity364 and CPA in India. Prospective community-based studies are required to accurately determine the prevalence of these disorders.

title: Estimation of the burden of chronic and allergic XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['severe asthma with fungal sensitization', 'SAFS']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of a @entity3575 -containing patch formulated for 1-day application at the initiation and during continuous treatment of @entity5 were evaluated in @entity1 previously untreated with opioid analgesics. METHODS: In the dose-titration period (Period I), the 1-day formulation (0.84 mg x day(-1)) was applied for 2 days. If @entity158 relief was insufficient, the dose was titrated, and the success rate was evaluated. In the double-blind period (Period II), the efficacies of the 1-day and the 3-day formulations for @entity158 control were compared. RESULTS: The dose-titration success rate of the 1-day formulation was 80.6%, and its analgesic effect was comparable to that of the 3-day formulation. Moreover, tolerability of the 1-day formulation was good. Adverse events occurring in the @entity1 were those generally seen after treatments with opioid analgesics, and severe symptoms were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Dose titration of the 1-day formulation was accomplished in a short period in @entity1 with @entity5 who had been previously untreated with opioid analgesics; the efficacy of the formulation for @entity158 control after repeated dosing was comparable to that of the 3-day formulation, and its tolerability was good. However, it was considered that the 1-day formulation should be used in @entity1 with good tolerability to opioid analgesics. Further, for safety reasons, the dose should not be increased for at least 2 days after the initial application and the last dose increase.

title: [Double-blind parallel-group dose-titration study comparing a XXXX -containing patch formulated for 1-day application for the treatment of @entity5 with Durotep MT Patch].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate, in a retrospective multicentre study, the long-term oncological efficacy and morbidity of using @entity3003 as an alternative treatment for @entity1 with clinical @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS:       @entity1 with clinical @entity5 treated with two cycles of adjuvant single-agent @entity3003 (400 mg/m   body surface) from February 1990 until September 2008 were retrospectively identified.     A database was created (including information on @entity1 characteristics, initial @entity5 staging, @entity5 marker levels, follow-up, oncological outcome, treatment side effects and long-term side effects), descriptive analyses were performed and the data were compared with those available in the literature. RESULTS:     Of 282 stage I @entity4797 identified in 276 @entity1 , risk factors for progression ( @entity24797 , vessel invasion or @entity5 diameter >=  4 cm) were detected in 48.2% of @entity5 .     Chemotherapy was well tolerated, with @entity1 experiencing only mild @entity390 . @entity236 was common (leucopaenia in 36.7% and thrombocytopaenia in 50.5% of @entity1 , mainly grade 1/2). Neither @entity221 , nor any @entity548 complication occurred.     During a mean follow-up of 75 months, three @entity1 (1.06%) developed a retroperitoneal recurrence within the first 2 years after receiving adjuvant treatment and were salvaged by @entity900 -based chemotherapy. A contralateral second testicular germ cell @entity5 was diagnosed in five @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS:     Two cycles of @entity3003 monotherapy are highly effective and very well tolerated by all @entity1 . The frequency of @entity5 appears to be reduced.     Despite the lack of a randomized trial, the available data in the literature suggest that the administration of two cycles instead of one cycle could lead to a reduction in recurrence rates of    50%.

title: Retrospective multicentre study of @entity3003 monotherapy for clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral tumours', 'tumours', 'stage I seminoma', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Detachment of cells from the primary @entity5 precedes metastatic progression by facilitating cell release into the tissue. Solid @entity5 exhibit altered pH homeostasis with extracellular acidification. In @entity1 @entity320 , the @entity4024 / @entity8108 exchanger @entity32815 is an important modifier of the @entity5 nanoenvironment. Here we tested the modulation of cell-cell-adhesion by extracellular pH and @entity32815 . MV3 @entity5 spheroids embedded in a collagen matrix unravelled the efficacy of cell-cell contact loosening and 3D emigration into an environment mimicking physiological confinement. Adhesive interaction strength between individual MV3 cells was quantified using atomic force microscopy and validated by multicellular aggregation assays. Extracellular acidification from pHe7.4 to 6.4 decreases cell migration and invasion but increases single cell detachment from the spheroids. Acidification and @entity32815 overexpression both reduce cell-cell adhesion strength, indicated by reduced maximum pulling forces and adhesion energies. Multicellular aggregation and spheroid formation are strongly impaired under acidification or @entity32815 overexpression. We show a clear dependence of @entity320 cell-cell adhesion on pHe and @entity32815 as a modulator. These effects are opposite to cell-matrix interactions that are strengthened by protons extruded via @entity32815 . We conclude that these opposite effects of @entity32815 act synergistically during the metastatic cascade.

title: Extracellular protonation modulates cell-cell interaction mechanics and tissue invasion in XXXX @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To gain a better understanding of the aetiology of articular surface collapse in @entity1641 with @entity66 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether acceleration of focal bone resorption associated with reduced physical activity contributes to articular surface collapse in racehorses with @entity66 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study comparing metacarpal bones from @entity1641 at varying stages of race training. METHODS: Metacarpal bones from 36 racing Thoroughbred @entity1641 were examined with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography to determine the proportion of the articular surface that had collapsed and with backscattered scanning electron microscopy to quantify porosity and eroded bone surface. Racing and training histories were obtained for comparison with imaging data. RESULTS: In 21 cases, inward collapse of the calcified cartilage layer was observed on backscattered scanning electron microscopy. An increased extent of articular surface collapse was associated with greater numbers of microfractures in the calcified cartilage and superficial subchondral bone (Spearman's correlation [rs ] = 0.62, P<0.001). In the deeper bone (6-10   mm), porosity was lower with a greater extent of articular surface collapse (rs = -0.38, P = 0.023), whereas in the superficial bone (0-4   mm) there was no association between articular surface collapse and porosity (rs = 0.19, P = 0.26). Both porosity (median 14, range 3.8-26 vs. 3.8, 1.6-17%, P = 0.008) and eroded surface (1.1, 0.74-4.5 vs. 0.64, 0.11-4.7   mm(-1) , P = 0.016) of the superficial subchondral bone were higher in resting than in training @entity1641 , and in some resting @entity1641 subchondral bone voids were highly concentrated, resulting in an apparent loss of support for the overlying calcified cartilage layer. CONCLUSIONS: Articular surface collapse is common in cases of @entity66 and is likely to be a sequel to fatigue @entity79 . Focal subchondral bone resorption appears to contribute to collapse of the calcified cartilage and is potentiated by a reduced-intensity exercise regimen.

title: Role of subchondral bone remodelling in collapse of the articular surface of Thoroughbred racehorses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['injury of subchondral bone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['palmar osteochondral disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['palmar osteochondral disease']


abstract: The effects of @entity2820 on intestinal goblet cells were investigated in New Zealand white @entity95 . Animals infected with @entity2820 were compared with weight matched and pair fed controls. Goblet cell @entity1373 developed in the distal small intestine of infected @entity95 on day 1, in the mid small intestine on day 3, and in the upper small intestine on day 6. In all regions @entity1373 persisted throughout the 14 day study. The degree of @entity1373 was greater in the distal small intestine than the upper and mid regions. Goblet cells in the proximal colon of infected animals seemed to respond as those in the distal small intestine. Thus goblet cell @entity1373 developed more rapidly and to a greater extent in the ileocaecal region where @entity3137 was most severe. These changes resulted directly from @entity2820 @entity281 since goblet cell numbers did not increase in pair fed controls. Histochemically, goblet cell mucins from infected @entity95 were unchanged at either six or 14 days. Biochemical analysis, however, established that purified mucins from animals on day 6 after @entity281 were less sialylated (in the small intestine) and more sulphated (in the small intestine and proximal colon). In addition, mucins from the distal small intestine and the proximal colon seemed to contain fewer but longer oligosaccharide chains.

title: Effects of @entity2820 @entity281 on XXXX intestinal and colonic goblet cells and mucin: morphometrics, histochemistry, and biochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y enterocolitica', 'Yersinia enterocolitica']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Aberrant autonomic signaling is being increasingly recognized as an important symptom in @entity4094 . The   -sarcoglycan-deficient BIO TO-2 hamster is recognized as a good model for studying mechanistic pathways and sequelae in @entity3986 and @entity712 , including @entity16 . Recent studies using the TO-2 hamster model have provided promising preclinical results demonstrating the efficacy of gene therapy to treat skeletal @entity425 and @entity712 . Methods to accelerate preclinical testing of gene therapy and new drugs for @entity4094 are urgently needed. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate a rapid non-invasive screen for characterizing the ANS imbalance in dystrophic TO-2 hamsters. Electrocardiograms were recorded non-invasively in conscious    9-month old TO-2 hamsters (n   =   10) and non-myopathic F1B control hamsters (n   =   10). Heart rate was higher in TO-2 hamsters than controls (453        12   bpm vs. 311        25   bpm, P   <   0.01). Time domain heart rate variability, an index of parasympathetic tone, was lower in TO-2 hamsters (12.2        3.7   bpm vs. 38.2        6.8, P   <   0.05), as was the coefficient of variance of the RR interval (2.8        0.9% vs. 16.2        3.4%, P   <   0.05) compared to control hamsters. Power spectral analysis demonstrated reduced high frequency and low frequency contributions, indicating autonomic imbalance with increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic tone in dystrophic TO-2 hamsters. Similar observations in newborn hamsters indicate @entity4148 may occur quite early in life in @entity4094 . Our findings of @entity4148 with a mutation in the   -sarcoglycan gene suggest approaches to correct modulation of the heart rate as prevention or therapy for @entity3986 .

title: Developmental Changes in the ECG of a Hamster Model of XXXX and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic abnormalities in newborn hamsters', 'autonomic nervous dysfunction']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Muscular Dystrophy']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity840 were infected vaginally, perorally, intranasally, conjunctivally and subcutaneously with the bacteria @entity36322 , biotype 2. The inoculum contained 13.8.10(9) of brucellas in 1 ml of physiological solution. @entity281 lasted 151 days, the other types of @entity281 56 days. All types of infections resulted in brucellotic changes developing in relation to the type and duration of @entity281 . The least marked changes were observed after @entity281 . Brucellosis was chronical and the changes in liver, spleen, lungs, and after @entity281 also in regional lymphoglandulae, were found out incessantly. Microscopically these changes were histiocytic @entity738 . The pathogenesis of @entity3377 process in @entity840 organism is influenced primarily by haematogenous propagation. The highest serological reactivity was caused by @entity281 , the lowest by @entity281 . In the course of different types of @entity281 the titres of agglutination and complement-fixation antibodies varied and the highest values were recorded between the 21st and 56th day. The diagnostic effectiveness of the surface fixation test was verified and no decrease in its sensitivity, not even in the chronic phase of @entity281 , was observed. An incomplete correlation between morphological changes and serological reactivity in @entity840 was detected. The highest number of @entity281 was identified by histopathological examination which helped to reveal the initial stages of @entity738 at the time when specific antibodies were not yet determined by serological tests.

title: [The development of morphologic changes and the antibody response in @entity840 experimentally infected with XXXX , biotype 2 bacteria].

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Brucella infections', 'peroral infection', 'infection', 'subcutaneous infection', 'Subcutaneous infection']

answer: @entity36322 :: (29461,Species) :: ['Brucella suis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is an incurable @entity1503 characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). The clinical heterogeneity of @entity1582 is dictated by the cytogenetic aberrations present in the clonal plasma cells (PCs). Cytogenetic studies in @entity1582 are hampered by the hypoproliferative nature of plasma cells in @entity1582 . Therefore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis combined with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is an attractive alternative for evaluation of numerical and structural chromosomal changes in @entity1582 . METHODS: Interphase FISH studies with three different specific probes for the regions containing 13q14.3(D13S319), 14q32(IGHC/ @entity7513 ) and 1q12( @entity5809 ) were performed in 48 @entity1582 @entity1 . Interphase FISH studies with LSI @entity7513 / @entity4910 , LSI @entity7513 / @entity2557 , and LSI @entity7513 /MAF probes were used to detect t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), and t(14;16)(q32;q23) in @entity1 with 14q32 rearrangement. RESULTS: Molecular cytogenetic aberrations were found in 40 (83.3%) of the 48 @entity1582 @entity1 . 13 @entity1 (27.1%) simultaneously had 13q deletion/monosomy 13[ @entity34792 )], illegitimate @entity7513 rearrangement and chromosome 1 abnormality. Del (13q14) was detected in 21 cases (43.7%), and illegitimate @entity7513 rearrangements in 29 (60.4%) including 6 with t (11;14) and 5 with t(4;14). None of 9 @entity1 with illegitimate @entity7513 rearrangements and without t(11;14) or t(4;14) we detected had t(14;16)(q32;q23). 24 of the 48 @entity1582 @entity1 (50%) had chromosome 1 abnormalities. Among 21 @entity1 with del (13q14), 15 @entity1 had Amp1q12;16 had @entity7513 rearrangements. Whereas, among 27 cases without del (13q14), 8 had Amp1q12; 13 had @entity7513 rearrangements. There was a strong association between @entity34792 ) and Amp1q12 ( = 8.26, p < 0.01), and between del (13q14) and @entity7513 rearrangement ( = 3.88, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: 13q deletion/monosomy 13, @entity7513 rearrangement and chromosome 1 abnormality are frequent in @entity1582 . They are not randomly distributed, but strongly interconnected. Interphase FISH technique combined with MACS using CD138-specific antibody is a highly sensitive technique at detecting molecular cytogenetic aberrations in @entity1582 .

title: Molecular cytogenetic aberrations in XXXX with multiple @entity1582 studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that the predictive value of serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels for prognosis, measured by indices such as all-cause mortality and medical costs, may be modified by body mass index (BMI). However, the relationship between serum ALT and BMI has not been satisfactorily elucidated. METHODS: Four thousand, five hundred and twenty-four community dwelling Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries, 40-69 years old, were classified into five categories according to their serum ALT levels (IU/L) (ALT<20, 20< or =ALT<30, 30< or =ALT<40, 40< or =ALT<50 and 50< or =ALT) and followed for 10 years. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality, with reference to the lowest serum ALT category, and medical costs per @entity1 were evaluated for each serum ALT category after analyzing interactions between serum ALT levels and BMI for all-cause mortality and for medical costs. RESULTS: A significant interaction between serum ALT levels and BMI was observed. In @entity1 below the median BMI, positive, graded relationships were identified between serum ALT levels and all-cause mortality as well as between serum ALT levels and personal medical costs. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio in the "50< or =ALT" category showed an approximately 8-fold increase. However, in the @entity1 at or above the median BMI, no significant relationships between serum ALT levels and all-cause mortality or personal medical costs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In these Japanese @entity1 , the predictive value of serum ALT levels for prognosis was more evident if BMI was taken into account. A combination of high serum ALT levels and below median BMI was associated with excess mortality and medical costs.

title: The value of combining serum XXXX aminotransferase levels and body mass index to predict mortality and medical costs: a 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to assess prospectively the dose-response relationship between @entity1576 (ICD10: J1-99), @entity55 (ICD10: J12.0-18.9), and @entity1174 mortality (ICD10: J69) versus baseline walking and running energy expenditure (MET    h    d(-1), 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2    kg(-1)    min(-1)). METHODS: We conducted Cox proportional hazard analyses of 109,352 runners and 40,798 walkers adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diet, @entity167 , and education. RESULTS: There were 236 @entity204 with @entity1576 listed as the underlying cause, and 833 @entity204 were @entity1576 related (entity axis diagnosis). Included among these were 79 @entity204 with @entity55 listed as the underlying cause and 316 @entity55 -related @entity204 , and 77 @entity204 were due to @entity1174 . There was no significant difference in the effect of running compared with walking (per MET-hour per day) on mortality; thus, runners and walkers were combined for analysis. @entity1576 mortality decreased 7.9% per MET-hour per day as the underlying cause (95% CI, 1.6%-14.0%; P = 0.01) and 7.3% for all @entity204 (95% CI, 4.2%-10.4%; P = 10(-5)). @entity55 mortality decreased 13.1% per MET-hour per day as the underlying cause (95% CI, 2.6%-23.2%; P = 0.01) and 10.5% per MET-hour per day for all @entity55 -related @entity204 (95% CI, 5.4%-15.5%; P = 0.0001). The risk for @entity1174 mortality also did not differ between running and walking, and it decreased 19.9% per MET-hour per day run or walked (95% CI, 8.9%-30.2%; P = 0.0004). These results remained significant when additionally adjusted for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Higher doses of running and walking were associated with lower risk of @entity1576 , @entity55 , and @entity1174 mortality in a dose-dependent manner, and the effects of running and walking appear equivalent. These effects appear to be independent of the effects of exercise on @entity65 .

title: Dose-response relationship between exercise and XXXX mortality.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease', 'Respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease-related deaths', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial was started in January 1982, to compare morbidity and survival of two different radiation regimens for the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The trial was closed in December 1988. One group of @entity1 was treated by conventional daily radiation therapy, and the other group by split course therapy. To maintain uniformity, a single physician staged and treated all @entity1 and noted morbidity during treatment. Two hundred seventy-three consecutive @entity2 @entity1 were treated. Only @entity1 who completed the full radiation therapy course were included in this study. One hundred fourteen @entity1 were treated with split course therapy, and 159 @entity1 were treated by conventional daily radiation therapy. A few @entity1 did not return for the second course of treatment, which accounts for the different number of @entity1 in the two arms of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the two arms. Median survival for the split course and the continuous fraction therapy regimens was 11.6 months and 10.9 months, respectively. Split course radiation was associated with less morbidity.

title: Report of a prospective trial--split course versus conventional radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although most @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ) adjust well, some have considerable @entity458 . Factors associated with psychological adjustment in @entity1479 -recipients are still not well understood. Our purpose was to describe quality-of-life (QoL) and prevalence of self-reported symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 in a large national cohort of @entity1479 -recipients, and to determine socio-demographic, clinical, and @entity1479 -related factors associated with these variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. All eligible adult @entity1479 -recipients in the Swedish @entity1479 - and Pacemaker Registry were invited to participate. Symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), and QoL with the EuroQol-5D. RESULTS: A total of 3067 @entity1479 -recipients (66  11years, 80% male) were included. The mean HADS score was 3.84  3.70 for @entity148 symptoms and 2.99  3.01 for symptoms of @entity308 . The mean EQ-5D index score was 0.82  0.21. The probability of symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 was associated with younger age, living alone, and a previous history of @entity583 or @entity712 . Additionally, female @entity1479 -recipients had a higher probability of symptoms of @entity148 . A higher level of @entity1479 -related concerns was most prominently related to symptoms of @entity148 , @entity308 and poorer QoL, while number of shocks, @entity1479 -indication and time since implantation were not independently related. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of @entity1479 -recipients, the association of @entity1479 -related concerns with symptoms of @entity148 , @entity308 , and poor QoL suggests that @entity1479 specific factors should be addressed in order to improve outcomes.

title: Characteristics associated with XXXX , @entity308 , and quality-of-life in a large cohort of implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: @entity4996 such as @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit the growth of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells at non-toxic concentrations, whereas @entity6165 and @entity13231 , synthetic analogues of the physiological ligands of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), do not. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that other activators of @entity7131 are capable of interfering with A549 cell growth. The @entity5 promotor mezerein mimicked the growth-inhibitory effect of @entity865 in that it arrested growth for 5 days, after which cells proliferated again in the continued presence of the agent. @entity865 was 20 times more potent as a growth inhibitor than was mezerein. @entity10186 at 10 nM and @entity43175 at 100 nM also arrested A549 cell growth and inhibited DNA replication as measured by incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine into cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis to between 90 and 75% of control values developed during the first hour of incubation of the cells with @entity865 , mezerein or the @entity57796 . The extent of inhibition changed little during the subsequent 5 hr of incubation, after which it increased further to reach maximal values within 12 hr. At concentrations above those which caused maximal growth inhibition, the @entity57796 abolished both their own inhibition of DNA synthesis and the anti-replicative effect of @entity865 and mezerein. The results show that activators of @entity7131 other than @entity4996 are capable of inhibiting the growth of A549 cells. The @entity57796 not only interfere with A549 cell growth but can also counter the growth-inhibitory effect of @entity7131 activators, presumably via interaction with a target separate from the @entity4621 receptor site.

title: Effects of activators of XXXX , including @entity57796 1 and 2, on the growth of A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells.

entities_list: @entity10186 :: ('MESH:C046785', 'Chemical') :: ['Bryostatin 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-phorboid tumour']

entities_list: @entity6165 :: ('MESH:C038237', 'Chemical') :: ['1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity57796 :: ('MESH:D054713', 'Chemical') :: ['bryostatins']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity43175 :: ('MESH:C054557', 'Chemical') :: ['bryostatin 2']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol esters', 'phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity13231 :: ('MESH:C044295', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dioctanoylglycerol']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein kinase C']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether analysis of MRI enhancement data using a pharmacokinetic model improved a previously found correlation between contrast enhancement and @entity5 oxygenation measured using @entity4095 histograph. To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2287 enhancement data for radiotherapy outcome, and to study the efficacy of combined enhancement and MRI volume data. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty @entity1 underwent dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced MRI as part of their initial staging investigations before treatment. @entity2287 enhancement was analyzed using the Brix pharmacokinetic model to obtain the parameters amplitude and rate of contrast enhancement. @entity5 @entity26 measurements (Eppendorf @entity4095 histograph) were available for 35 @entity1 . RESULTS: Both standard and pharmacokinetic-derived enhancement data correlated with @entity5 oxygenation measurements, and poorly enhancing @entity5 had @entity5 @entity26 levels. However, only the pharmacokinetic-analyzed data correlated with @entity1 outcome and @entity1 with poorly (amplitude less than median) vs. well-enhancing @entity5 had significantly worse disease-specific survival (p = 0.024). For the 50 @entity1 studied, no relationship was found between enhancement and volume data. Combining MRI volume and enhancement information highlighted large differences in outcome (p = 0.0054). At the time of analysis, only 55% of @entity1 with large, poorly enhanced @entity5 were alive compared with 92% of @entity1 with small, well-enhanced @entity5 . CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides data that reflect @entity5 oxygenation and yields useful prognostic information in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 . Combining MRI-derived enhancement and volume data delineates large differences in radiotherapy outcome.

title: Prediction of radiotherapy outcome using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Pretreatment tumor', 'low tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Recent studies have indicated that enteral diets can play an important role in the treatment of persistent @entity294 . Khitchri, a local weaning food in Pakistan, is composed of @entity579 and lentils, which have previously been shown to be well tolerated in many @entity1 with acute @entity294 . The effectiveness of a khitchri and yogurt (KY) diet, which is inexpensive and widely available in Pakistan, was studied. One hundred two weaned @entity1 (6 to 36 months old) with persistent @entity294 were randomly assigned to receive either soy formula (group A) or the KY diet (group B) for 14 days. Group A also received the KY diet in addition to formula for days 8 through 14. Twenty-nine @entity1 did not complete the study because of severe @entity281 (13) or their family's decision to leave the study early (9 in group A and 7 in group B). Sixty-six @entity1 successfully completed the study protocol; there were five clinical failures in group A and two in group B. On a comparable caloric intake, there was a significantly lower stool volume (group B: 38 +/- 16 [mean +/- SD] vs group A: 64 +/- 75 g/kg per day, P less than .05) and frequency (B: 4.4 +/- 2.0 vs. A: 6.6 +/- 4.2 stools per day, P less than .005) in @entity1 fed KY during the first week of therapy. Group B @entity1 also had a significantly greater weight gain than @entity1 in group A during the first week (B: 468 +/- 373 g/wk vs A: 68 +/- 286 g/wk, P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dietary management of persistent XXXX : comparison of a traditional @entity579 -lentil based diet with soy formula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Animal work implicates the @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) in function of the ventral striatum (VS), a region known for its role in processing valenced feedback. Recent evidence in @entity1 shows that @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism modulates VS activity in anticipation of monetary feedback. However, it remains unclear whether the polymorphism impacts the processing of self-attributed feedback differently from feedback attributed to an external agent. In this study, we emphasize the importance of the feedback attribution because agency is central to computational accounts of the striatum and cognitive accounts of valence processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task, in which financial gains/losses are either attributable to performance (self-attributed, SA) or chance (externally-attributed, EA) to ask whether @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism predicts VS activity. We found that @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism influenced how feedback valence and agency information were combined in the VS and in the @entity75 (IFJ). Specifically, Met carriers' VS response to valenced feedback depended on agency information, while @entity2596 / @entity2596 carriers' VS response did not. This context-specific modulation of valence effectively amplified VS responses to SA losses in Met carriers. The IFJ response to SA losses also differentiated @entity2596 / @entity2596 from Met carriers. These results may point to a reduced allocation of attention and altered motivational salience to SA losses in @entity2596 / @entity2596 compared to Met carriers. Implications for major @entity308 are discussed.

title: XXXX @entity14691 polymorphism influence on striatal blood-level-dependent response to monetary feedback depends on valence and agency.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right inferior frontal junction']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val66Met']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test a low-intensity physician's office-based intervention strategy using @entity1 urine @entity4874 measurements, aimed at reducing @entity1 exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke. DESIGN: A randomized intervention trial. SETTING: Offices of 28 physicians (pediatricians and family practitioners) and two hospital-based clinics in the Greater Portland, Me, area. @entity1 : @entity1 brought to the physician by a parent (usually the mother) for an initial well- @entity1 visit. A total of 518 of these @entity1 and their mothers consented to provide information about household smoking habits and to provide a sample of the @entity1 's urine for biochemical analysis. SELECTION PROCEDURE: From among the consecutive sample of 518 enrolled mother/ @entity1 pairs, 103 mothers reported that they smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day, and these were randomized on an individual basis for intervention (52 pairs) or control (51 pairs). Randomization took place at the study center when the @entity1 's urine sample and information about household smoking habits were received. INTERVENTION: The physician telephoned the mother to report the urine @entity4874 result and to explain its meaning. The physician then signed and sent an individualized form letter to the mother, providing specific recommendations for changing household smoking habits. RESULTS: Follow-up urine @entity4874 measurements were obtained in 27 (52%) of 52 @entity1 from the intervention group and in 29 (57%) of the 51 controls 2 months later. The mean log ratio of the follow-up to initial urine @entity4874 measurements was 6% lower in the intervention group than in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The low-intensity intervention strategy did not significantly influence @entity1 exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke in the household.

title: An unsuccessful @entity4874 -assisted intervention strategy to reduce environmental XXXX smoke exposure during infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the penetration into nucleus pulposus (NP) of @entity7048 and @entity3402 in a @entity1512 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white @entity95 were inoculated with 103 @entity794 at lumbar disc space. The @entity95 with @entity1512 confirmed by MRI 10 days after inoculation were divided into two groups. One was given @entity7048 by intravenous (IV) at 80 mg/kg/day at 1.5 h interval for 5 half-lives; the other was given @entity3402 by IV at 30 mg/kg/day at 2.5-h interval for 5 half-lives. Thirty minutes after completion of the last dose, NP and serum were sent to measure antibiotic concentration. RESULTS: Two @entity95 died during inoculation. After 10 days, 18 @entity95 were @entity1512 in the inoculated levels. The @entity7048 and @entity3402 can diffuse throughout the infected, sham-infected and normal NP. The serum concentration of @entity7048 and @entity3402 was 251.3    40.5 and 21.6    4.71 mg/l, respectively. The @entity7048 concentration in infected NP (1.93    0.84 mg/l) was higher than that in sham-infected (1.73    0.61 mg/l) and normal NP (1.68    0.65 mg/l), but the difference showed no statistically significant (P > 0.05). The @entity7048 penetration into NP averaged 0.68-0.77 % of serum level. The @entity3402 concentration in infected NP (4.32    1.54 mg/l) was higher than that in sham-infected NP (2.63    1.26 mg/l) and normal NP (2.59    1.01 mg/l) (P < 0.05). The penetration into NP averaged 11.9-20 % of serum level. There was no significance difference between sham-infected and normal NP in @entity3402 and @entity7048 concentration (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates @entity7048 and @entity3402 can penetrate the infected and normal NP. The antibiotics charge influences the delivery. Furthermore, infection condition selectively promotes antibiotic distribution within NP.

title: Antibiotic penetration into XXXX nucleus pulposus with @entity1512 .

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cephazolin']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['discitis', 'confirmed discitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 had been suffering from blood-stained purulent @entity1244 and antibiotic-resistant bouts of @entity221 for 4 months. She had microhematuria and serological evidence of @entity32 (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] 92/135 mm, C-reactive protein 5.0 mg/dl). When she was admitted to hospital suspected of having postinfectious @entity631 she complained of spontaneous @entity158 in the left flank. Within one day the haemoglobin concentration fell from 10 to 6.5 g/dl. Ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated a large space-occupying lesion around the left kidney. At operation this was found to be a @entity8 which was treated without removing the kidney. No biopsy was taken, but serological tests showed antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies (cANCA), indicating @entity2883 as the cause of the compensated @entity177 and spontaneous @entity8 . Under immunosuppressive treatment the inflammatory signs (ESR 18/44 mm), @entity221 , @entity1180 , raised serum @entity1011 concentration and the ANCA titre all regressed, while @entity644 of about 4 g/24 h persisted. There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 15 months. Serological signs of marked inflammatory activity, urinary sediments of @entity1310 and spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding should suggest that, in addition to @entity1252 and @entity11657 , @entity2883 be included in the differential diagnosis.

title: [Spontaneous XXXX as an early complication of @entity2883 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal rupture', 'rupture of the kidney with perirenal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematodes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['panarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['colic-like pains']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['chronic maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney rupture']


abstract: The ribosomal gene intergenic region from @entity958 contains four clusters of mutually unrelated repeated sequences. By comparison with the respective regions in two other Brassicaceae, Raphanus and Sinapis, the putative promoter sequence for @entity60264 was located. The homologies suggest that the @entity60264 promoter in Brassicaceae ranges further upstream than in animals. Upstream duplications of at least a part of the promoter region were found to be located between individual blocks of the largest internal repeat family ("A" repeats), which is made up of multiple repeats of two closely related sequences 21 or 20 bp in length. Overall structural similarities of the A. thaliana rDNA intergenic region with those from @entity3505 and from @entity1238 are discussed. We also present data on the range of intraspecific length heterogeneities found in the central EcoRI fragment of the intergenic region and on the frequencies with which specific length variants occur in the genome. To determine the nature of the length heterogeneities, we sequenced the central EcoRI fragments from four independently isolated genomic clones. Three levels of rearrangements were detected. Length variation can be caused by duplication of a whole A repeat block, or, most frequently, by insertion and/or deletion of one or a few A repeat units. Surprisingly, single base mutations are extremely rare, which hints at some mechanism of homogenization which might be acting on the intergenic region. A possible function of the described sequences in transcriptional regulation is discussed and will be the aim of further investigations.

title: rDNA intergenic region from XXXX . Structural analysis, intraspecific variation and functional implications.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: A @entity1 with a history of a @entity4303 and resection of liver @entity3 underwent CT, MRI and FDG-PET as well as @entity1943 receptor scintigraphy using @entity13098 during follow-up. Octreoscan demonstrated one extrahepatic abdominal lesion with pathologic uptake, while the other imaging modalities failed to show a corresponding abnormality. For verification of this finding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy was performed. The MIBG scan confirmed the octreotide positive lesion and showed an additional abdominal lesion in the SPECT study. According to the scintigraphic results, @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) was implemented using 123I-MIBG. This resulted in the intra-operative detection of two para- and pre-aortic lymph node @entity3 by the gamma probe and successful resection. An additional preaortal lymph node, suspicious by palpation, was also removed. Histopathology revealed @entity3 of a @entity5 in all three specimens. In conclusion, the use of @entity1104 facilitates successful removal of @entity4303 metastatic lesions despite negative conventional imaging results. Secondly, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy may provide advantages over octreoscan for preoperative localization as well as radio-guided surgery of neuroendocrine metastatic lesions, if the involved site is located in proximity to highly octreotide-avid organs such as the kidneys or spleen.

title: XXXX and 123I-MIBG for detection and resection of lymph node @entity3 of a @entity4303 not visualized by CT, MRI or FDG-PET.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['RGS', 'radioguided surgery']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal carcinoid', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['111In-pentetreotide']

answer: @entity13098 :: (MESH:C081788,Chemical) :: ['111In-pentetreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant inflammatory pathologic disorder in the cortex of @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) has been demonstrated by ex vivo studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, time of appearance, and clinical relevance of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in @entity15 in vivo. DESIGN: Double inversion recovery sequence study. SETTING: @entity15 Centre of the Veneto Region. @entity1 We enrolled 380 @entity1 (116 with @entity922 [ @entity922 ], 163 with @entity3780 [ @entity3780 ], and 101 with @entity19383 [ @entity19383 ]) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers between May 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the frequency and number of @entity75 and brain parenchyma fraction, white matter T2 lesion volume, and clinical disability. RESULTS: Although never observed in healthy volunteers, @entity75 were detected in 58% of @entity1 (36% of @entity1 with @entity922 , 64% of @entity1 with @entity3780 , and 73% of @entity1 with @entity19383 ). The number of @entity75 was higher in @entity1 with @entity19383 than in those with @entity922 or @entity3780 (P <.001), and @entity1 with @entity75 had a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score (P = .004), a higher white matter T2 lesion volume (P = .008), a lower brain parenchyma fraction (P = .009), and a higher frequency of IgG oligoclonal bands (IgGOBs) (P <.001) than @entity1 without @entity75 . @entity1 positive for IgGOBs had more @entity75 than @entity1 negative for IgGOBs (P = .02). The number of @entity75 correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (r = 0.48, P <.001), white matter T2 lesion volume (r = 0.38, P = .001), and brain parenchyma fraction (r = -0.47, P = .001). A significant association between @entity75 and male sex was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although more frequent in @entity1 with @entity19383 , @entity75 were observed from the early disease stages. The @entity75 were more frequently detected in patients with IgGOBs and were associated with a higher clinical disability score and male sex. The @entity75 may help to define @entity15 clinical heterogeneity and prognosis in clinical settings.

title: Detection of cortical inflammatory lesions by double inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracortical lesions', 'ICLs']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['secondary progressive MS', 'SPMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed the efficacy of inhaled @entity4184 on the course of newly diagnosed @entity10070 and whether @entity4184 treatment could postpone oral @entity228 treatment. We evaluated: 1) symptoms; 2) chest radiography; 3) @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) in serum; and 4) lung function. @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity10070 with chest radiographic stages I, II or III, and with an abnormal lung function (inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) < 79% of predicted or transfer factor of the lungs for @entity1223 (TL,CO) < 77% pred) were included. @entity1 with radiographic stage II or III but with normal lung function were included when more than 20% of the total cell population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was lymphocytes. Forty seven @entity1 received placebo or @entity4184 (1.2 mg) once daily via a Nebuhaler for 6 months, followed by 6 months without treatment. Based on predetermined criteria, 11 @entity1 were excluded during the blind treatment period as they needed oral @entity229 : seven (28%) @entity1 in the placebo group (n = 25) and four (18%) @entity1 in the @entity4184 group (n = 22). @entity1 's Global Clinical Impression (GCI) score showed a significant difference in favour of @entity4184 . IVC showed a significant difference of 7.9% predicted between the two groups during the active treatment period. This difference persisted during follow-up, when the difference was 9.4% pred. TL,CO remained nearly unchanged over time, with no difference between the groups. Improvements in chest radiographic appearance and changes in serum @entity1289 were similar for the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhaled @entity4184 in XXXX : a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dutch Study Group on @entity10070 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: The 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase ( @entity15080 ) acts downstream of @entity3470 , which plays important roles in cell proliferation, protein translation, and cell survival and is a target for @entity5 therapy. @entity3470 inhibitors are, however, of limited success. Although @entity584 is believed to act upstream of @entity3470 , persistent inhibition of p70 S6 kinase or @entity15080 can activate @entity584 via a negative feedback loop. @entity15080 exists as two homologues, @entity15080 and @entity35470 , but little is known about the function of @entity35470 . In the present study, we have examined the effects of @entity35470 on @entity584 activation and cell survival. Silencing of @entity15080 caused a modest decrease, whereas knockdown of @entity35470 caused a substantial increase in @entity310 and @entity2205 ( @entity2205 )-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to @entity15080 , depletion of @entity35470 by siRNA decreased basal and @entity310 -induced @entity584 phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of constitutively active @entity584 in MCF-7 cells restored cell survival in @entity35470 -depleted cells. We have previously shown that activation of @entity584 induces downregulation of @entity5353 via @entity876 . Knockdown of @entity35470 caused an increase in @entity876 , and downregulation of @entity876 by siRNA decreased @entity5353 level. Silencing of @entity5353 blunted the ability of @entity35470 deficiency to enhance @entity310 -induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study shows that the two homologues of @entity15080 have distinct effects on @entity584 activation and cell survival. Thus, targeting @entity35470 may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat @entity5 .

title: S6 kinase 2 promotes breast cancer cell survival via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2205 :: ('8743', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand', 'TRAIL']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical outcome and long-term follow-up of conservative laparoscopic management of @entity5450 ( @entity5450 ). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary-care university hospital. @entity1 (S): @entity1 with laparoscopic diagnosis and histologic confirmation of urinary bladder or ureteral @entity46 who agreed to undergo long-term follow-up after laparoscopic management. INTERVENTION(S): (1) Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for @entity1494 . (2) Uretric @entity46 laparoscopically managed by: uretrolysis only; segmental ureterectomy and terminoterminal @entity254 ; or segmental ureterectomy and uretrocystoneostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Variables assessed were: preoperative findings, operative details (type and site of @entity5450 , type of intervention, perioperative complications), and long-term follow-up (persistence/recurrence of preoperative urinary symptoms, if present, and anatomic relapse of the disease). RESULT(S): Mean operating time was 152.8+/-41.7 minutes. Mean drop in hemoglobin was 1.9+/-1.6 g/dL. Average hospital stay was 6 days. After surgery, 11 @entity1 had @entity221 >38 degrees C and four presented transient urinary retention. During a follow-up period of 36 months, @entity46 recurred in eight @entity1 with no evidence of bladder or ureteral reinvolvement, and there was a significant reduction in the mean score of @entity3833 and suprapubic pain maintained during the whole follow-up period. CONCLUSION(S): Results of long-term follow-up demonstrate significant reduction in preoperative symptoms with no anatomic relapse.

title: Conservative laparoscopic management of @entity5450 ( XXXX ): surgical outcome and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['UTE', 'urinary tract endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['UTE']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Left atrium diameter (LAD) is a very simple and easy parameter to obtain by echocardiography. It is influenced by systolic and diastolic @entity67 and by the coexistence of @entity339 . We evaluated LAD as a predictor of prognosis (2 year mortality) in a @entity712 ( @entity712 ) population admitted to an outpatient @entity712 unit. We compared LAD (mm/m2) with other echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters [mm/m2], @entity339 , degree of @entity67 and pulmonary artery pressure). @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied 368 @entity1 (73% @entity1 ; mean age [standard deviation]: 65.2 [11] years; 60% of @entity63 etiology). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography was 32.3% (13.1%). The majority of @entity1 were in NYHA (New York Heart Association) class II (48%) or III (43%). RESULTS: Two years mortality was 20.6%. In the univariate analysis LAD (p < 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (p < 0.001), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (p = 0.003), the degree of @entity339 (p = 0.002) and the pattern of @entity67 (p = 0.004) showed a significant relationship with 2 years mortality, but not left ventricular ejection fraction and pulmonary pressure. In the echocardiographic multivariate analysis, only LAD remained significantly associated with mortality. In the multivariate analysis including important clinical parameters such as age, sex, etiology, time lapsed since symptoms onset, NYHA functional class, and the presence of @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity955 , LAD remained as independent predictor of 2 years mortality. @entity1 with LAD less than 25 mm/m2 have a 10.9% mortality, whereas those with LAD equal or greater than 25 mm/m2 have a 30.1% mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LAD was a good predictor of 2 years mortality, better than other echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 of our outpatient @entity712 unit and was independent of strong clinical parameters.

title: [Left atrium diameter: a simple echocardiographic parameter with high prognostic value in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction', 'ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In general, both @entity380 and Leishmania, d. infantum affect more or less the same @entity1 organs. While the liver is the main organ affected, the intestine follows in importance. In the present study, L.d. infantum on tip of pre-existing @entity383 in @entity329 had delayed the appearance of both schistosomal and @entity738 in the intestine the positive control with either parasite alone. However, the @entity281 suppressed the schistosomal infection. Nevertheless, both types of @entity738 caused @entity3207 and broadening of the intestinal villi. The @entity281 with @entity232 and @entity2040 mansoni promote the development of many pathological changes (liver, kidneys, intestine, blood picture etc.). No doubt, these changes lead to marked changes in the typical clinical picture of both parasites. Consequently, parasitological diagnosis of @entity234 in @entity281 is a must as in a case of @entity10389 . and @entity645 .

title: The histopathology of the intestine in hamsters infected with Leishmania D. infantum on top of pre-existing XXXX mansoni.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['leishmanial granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis infantum']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['leishmanial infection', 'concomitant infection']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? There appears to be a clear difference in @entity5 control outcomes for @entity1 with Gleason scores of 3+4 and those with scores of 4+3 after radical prostatectomy. It has been documented that @entity1 with Gleason 4+3 @entity263 have higher incidences of non-organ-confined disease than those with primary pattern 3. Higher rates of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion and positive margins have been found to be associated with primary pattern 4 over 3. These higher rates of non-organ-confined disease can lead to increased biochemical failure, which, in turn, can lead to higher mortality rates. This study provides information on the prognostic significance of primary Gleason pattern in the brachytherapy management of @entity263 . Study Type - Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4. OBJECTIVES:     To report the biochemical outcomes for @entity263 treated with brachytherapy.     To analyse the impact of the primary Gleason pattern as well as other disease- and treatment-related factors on outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS:     A total of 560 @entity1 with @entity263 were treated between 1990 and 2008 with brachytherapy, alone or in combination with hormonal therapy and/or external beam radiation therapy.     There were 352 @entity1 with Gleason pattern 3+4 and 208 with Gleason pattern 4+3.     The mean (range) presenting PSA level was 11.2 (1-300) ng/mL, and the median was 7.8 ng/mL.     The presenting clinical stages were T1b in 1%, T1c in 33%, T2a in 16%, T2b in 32%, T2c in 16% and T3 in 2% of @entity1 . RESULTS:     The actuarial freedom from biochemical failure rate at 10 years was 82%.     There was no significant difference between 10-year freedom from biochemical failure rates for @entity1 with Gleason scores of 3+4 (79%) and those with scores of 4+3 (82%).     Biologically effective dose and presenting PSA level were both significant predictors of biochemical failure in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS:     The primary Gleason pattern in @entity263 shows no significant effect on biochemical failure when treated with brachytherapy.     These results are different from those found after radical prostatectomy and are probably attributable to the enhanced local control afforded by a brachytherapy approach to this disease subset.

title: XXXX treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy: lack of impact of primary Gleason pattern on biochemical failure.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Gleason 7 prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Gleason 7 prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity6017 / @entity6558 are @entity66 affecting both @entity1 and adults. The issues regarding @entity5 are still unresolved. Is the @entity1 with @entity3918 more prone to @entity5 than the @entity1 with PM? Is @entity5 actually related to the @entity5442 in the meaningful fashion? How should the @entity1 with @entity5442 be evaluated for a potential @entity5 ? The disease is a truly multisystem disease that involves the joints, lungs, heart muscle, and the gastrointestinal system. Newer serologic tests are of benefit in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and are currently of little use to the clinician. Finally, the therapy for @entity3918 can be difficult. Antimalarial use in cutaneous disease can be used for @entity1 who are @entity134 resistant or who develop @entity134 side effects. Multiple approaches have been developed but await confirmation regarding their effectiveness in future studies.

title: XXXX : current controversies 1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['Dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The IL-1 family of cytokines is known to play an important role in @entity32 therefore understanding the mechanism by which they are produced is paramount. Despite the recent plethora of publications dedicated to the study of these cytokines, the mechanism by which they are produced in the airway following endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exposure is currently unclear. The aim was to determine the mechanism by which the IL-1 cytokines are produced after LPS inhaled challenge. METHODS: @entity19 were challenged with aerosolised LPS, and lung tissue and bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected. Targets were measured at the mRNA and protein level; caspase activity was determined using specific assays. RESULTS: BALF @entity635 / @entity6026 , but not @entity634 , was dependent on @entity38567 ( @entity38567 ), and to a lesser extent Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). Interestingly, although we measured an increase in mRNA expression for @entity13761 , we could not detect an increase in lung enzyme activity or a role for them in @entity634 /b production. Further investigations showed that whilst we could detect an increase in @entity4699 activity at later points in the time course (during resolution of @entity32 ), it appeared to play no role in the production of IL-1 cytokines in this model system. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1990 activation increases levels of BALF @entity635 / @entity6026 via an @entity38567 dependent and @entity60426 independent pathway. Furthermore, it would appear that the presence of @entity634 in the BALF is independent of these pathways. This novel data sheds light on innate signalling pathways in the lung that control the production of these key inflammatory cytokines.

title: XXXX activation induces @entity635 release via an @entity38567 dependent but @entity60426 independent pathway in the lung.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity38567 :: ('268973(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IPAF', 'Ice Protease-Activating Factor']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this multinational Middle-Eastern study, we assessed health-care providers' (HCPs) perspectives on their @entity1 ' use of complementary and traditional medicine (CTM) and identified the leading barriers to CTM integration in supportive @entity5 care. METHODS: A 17-item questionnaire was developed and administered to HCPs attending palliative medicine workshops conducted across the Middle East by the Middle East Cancer Consortium. RESULTS: 339 HCPs from 16 countries across the Middle East completed the questionnaire (80.3  % response rate). Respondents perceived their @entity1 ' reasons for CTM use primarily in the context of @entity5 cure (63  %) and quality of life (QOL) improvement (57  %). Expectation regarding CTM's role in @entity5 cure/survival was more pronounced in @entity233 , Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, and the Persian Gulf area. In contrast, the expectation that CTM would improve QOL was more emphasized in Israel. A mid-position between the cure/survival and QOL poles was observed in Cyprus, Lebanon, and the North African countries. Leading barriers to CTM integration in supportive @entity5 care included oncologists' skepticism and a gap between @entity1 ' expectations and @entity10154 's objectives. Respondents' leading recommendation to HCPs was to communicate integrative care emphasizing well-being and improved functioning in accordance with their @entity1 ' health beliefs. CONCLUSION: CTM integration in supportive @entity5 care can be facilitated by implementing a platform for Middle Eastern clinical collaborations. HCPs' expectations and experiences with CTM have been positive in the oncology setting. These data need to be corroborated with information of @entity1 ' expectations on the provision of CTM over all phases of the oncology treatment.

title: Integration of complementary medicine in supportive XXXX care: survey of health-care providers' perspectives from 16 countries in the Middle East.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']