abstract: We have explored the expression of the transcription factors @entity3421 , @entity12627 , and @entity19360 in purified early @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) induced to gradual unilineage erythroid or granulocytic differentiation by growth factor stimulus. @entity12627 mRNA and protein, already expressed in quiescent @entity1583 , is rapidly induced as early as 3 h after growth factor stimulus, but then declines in advanced erythroid and granulocytic differentiation and maturation. @entity19360 and @entity3421 mRNAs and proteins, though not detected in quiescent @entity1583 , are gradually induced at 24-48 h in both erythroid and granulocytic culture. Beginning at late differentiation/early maturation stage, both transcription factors are further accumulated in the erythroid pathway, whereas they are suppressed in the granulopoietic series. Similarly, the @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) is induced and sustainedly expressed during erythroid differentiation, although beginning at later times (i.e., day 5), whereas it is barely expressed in the granulopoietic pathway. In the first series of functional studies, @entity1583 were treated with antisense oligomers targeted to transcription factor mRNA: inhibition of @entity12627 expression caused a decreased number of both erythroid and granulocyte-monocytic clones, whereas inhibition of @entity19360 or @entity3421 expression induced a selective impairment of erythroid colony formation. In a second series of functional studies, @entity1583 treated with @entity1968 were induced to shift from erythroid to granulocytic differentiation (Labbaye et al. 1994. Blood. 83:651-656); this was coupled with abrogation of @entity3421 , @entity19360 , and @entity5859 expression and conversely enhanced @entity12627 levels. These results indicate the expression and key role of @entity12627 in the early stages of HPC proliferation/differentiation. Conversely, @entity19360 and @entity3421 expression and function are apparently restricted to erythroid differentiation and maturation: their expression precedes that of the @entity5859 , and their function may be in part mediated via the @entity5859 .

title: Differential expression and functional role of @entity12627 , @entity19360 , and XXXX in normal adult hematopoiesis.

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EpR']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPCs', 'hematopoietic progenitor cells']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity3421 :: (2623,Gene) :: ['GATA-1']


abstract: An analytical method was established for the determination of @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 in Taiwan green jujubes (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The sample was extracted with @entity1626 from the Taiwan green jujubes after treated with a homogenizer. The organic phase was then separated from water phase by adding @entity1219 . The extract was further purified on a @entity505 / @entity2733 cartridge with elution solvents of @entity1626 / @entity8336 (3:1, v/v). Finally, the target analytes were separated by a capillary gas chromatographic column SLB-5MS (30 m x 0. 25 mm x 0. 25  m). A tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in either full scan mode or in @entity15 / @entity15 mode for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the constituents, respectively. The results showed that the average recoveries of the three pesticides ranged from 75. 8% to 103. 6% with the RSDs of 1. 7%-9. 3% at the spiking levels from 0.01 mg/kg to 0. 50 mg/kg (n= 5). The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.50 mg/kg, with the determination coefficients over 0.99 (R2>0.99). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg/kg for @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 in Taiwan green jujubes. The method is available for the determination of @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 pesticide residues in Taiwan green jujubes.

title: [Determination of @entity15361 , @entity15362 and XXXX pesticide residues in Taiwan green jujubes by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity15362 :: ('MESH:C087114', 'Chemical') :: ['tebuconazole']

entities_list: @entity15361 :: ('MESH:C002771', 'Chemical') :: ['propargite']

entities_list: @entity15363 :: ('MESH:C038267', 'Chemical') :: ['bromopropylate']

answer: @entity15363 :: (MESH:C038267,Chemical) :: ['bromopropylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergic Contact @entity1909 is a common type of @entity1909 , but its multiple etiologies hinder its management. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization to topical drugs in a university center, to study the main characteristics of the affected population, and to identify the allergens related with the @entity1909 . METHODS: a retrospective and descriptive study with @entity1 submitted to patch tests. The study was conducted with subjects whose patch test to topical drugs was positive. RESULTS: 329 @entity1 were submitted to patch tests and 42 (13%) had positive and relevant patch tests to topical drugs. Among these @entity1 , 36 (85.7%) had positive patch tests to the principal component and 28 (66.7%) to the other components. Some @entity1 had more than one sensitization. @entity5154 was the most important allergen. CONCLUSIONS: Among the studied @entity1 , sensitization to topical agents happened in 13% of the cases, with slight preference for females and Caucasians. There was elevated sensitization to @entity5154 , a popular agent among @entity1 and medical doctors.

title: [Allergic contact XXXX to topical drugs: a descriptive analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin', 'Neomycin']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present an approach to fast, interfractional adaptive @entity138 in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of @entity135 in clinical routine. Ensuring adequate @entity1 position throughout treatment proves challenging in high-precision @entity138 despite elaborate immobilization. Because of @entity353 , treatment plans must be adapted to account for requiring supportive therapy incl. feeding tube or parenteral nutrition without treatment breaks. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In-room CT position checks are used to create adapted IMRT treatment plans by stereotactic correlation to the initial setup, and volumes are adapted to the new geometry. New IMRT treatment plans are prospectively created on the basis of position control scans using the initial optimization parameters in KonRad without requiring complete reoptimization and thus facilitating quick replanning in daily routine. @entity1 treated for squamous cell @entity135 (SCCHN) in 2006-2007 were evaluated as to necessity/number of replannings, @entity353 , dose, and plan parameters. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 with SCCHN received IMRT to the primary site and lymph nodes (median dose 70.4  Gy). All @entity1 received concomitant chemotherapy requiring supportive therapy by feeding tube or parenteral nutrition. Median @entity353 was 7.8 kg, median volume loss was approximately 7%. Fifteen of 72 @entity1 required adaptation of their treatment plans at least once. Target coverage was improved by up to 10.7% (median dose). The increase of dose to spared parotid without replanning was 11.7%. Replanning including outlining and optimization was feasible within 2 hours for each @entity1 , and treatment could be continued without any interruptions. CONCLUSION: To preserve high-quality dose application, treatment plans must be adapted to anatomical changes. Replanning based on position control scans therefore presents a practical approach in clinical routine. In the absence of clinically usable online correction methods, this approach allows significant improvement of target volume coverage and continuous parotid sparing without treatment delays.

title: A clinical concept for interfractional adaptive radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: This study investigated vascular and especially @entity3 in @entity3852 and its value as a prognostic factor. Paraffin-embedded blocks prepared from @entity5 samples obtained from 126 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3852 in 1979-2004 were immunohistochemically stained using antibodies @entity2279 and D2-40 to detect intravascular @entity5 emboli. This finding was compared with the clinical data and the disease outcome. @entity5 cells were observed in 117 (93%) of the samples. The majority, 83 (66%), showed only @entity3 . Only blood vascular invasion was seen in four (3%) samples. In all, 30 (24%) samples demonstrated both @entity3 and blood vascular invasion. In only nine (7%) samples, there was no invasion within the vascular structures. The @entity5 lacking invasion were significantly smaller (P<0.01 and alpha=0.050) than those with vascular invasion, although @entity3 was observed even in the smallest @entity5 (0.3 cm) of this study. Already in the early stages of the disease, @entity3852 seems to have the capacity to penetrate vessel walls. Our finding of the high frequency of @entity3 might therefore explain the extremely aggressive @entity3852 . This may support the role of sentinel node biopsy even in the case of very small @entity3852 tumors.

title: Vascular invasion is an early event in pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['primary Merkel cell carcinoma', 'clinical behavior of Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intravascular tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: A sample of 126 @entity1 with @entity2963 was treated with @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) (375 or 750 mg g.d.) for 2 years. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by sequential light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) analysis of liver biopsies obtained before and after 9 and 24 months of therapy. @entity1 were without symptoms of biliary colic for 3 months prior to biopsy, less than 70 years old, and had normal tests of liver function. All light microscopy was read blindly by two morphologists, and electron microscopy by one. Only four biopsies (3%) showed severe (3+) abnormalities preventing admission to the study. On evaluation, moderate (2+) LM changes were present in less than 12% of biopsies, while milder changes (1+) were seen more frequently. No severe, dose-related abnormalities were seen in LM over the 2 years of study. However, mild changes (hepatocyte ballooning and lipofuscin, binucleate cells, glycogen nuclei, ductular proliferation, enlarged and fibrotic triads, and @entity5501 ) became more prevalent with time (p less than or equal to 0.01) regardless of @entity13656 dose, according to 1 of the 2 morphologists. Because @entity1 with "proven" @entity2963 for greater than 2 years (33% of the study population) did not have a greater incidence of morphologic abnormalities than those with the diagnosis for less than 2 years, it is unlikely that these changes were due to the natural history of @entity5990 . Furthermore, electron microscopic findings demonstrated worsening intrahepatic @entity1448 and a lesion in two @entity1 which was identical to that produced in animals administered @entity6744 , the 7-alpha-dehydroxylated metabolite of @entity13656 . the possibility that clinically significant hepatotoxicity could develop with @entity13656 therapy greater than 24 months thus cannot be excluded by this study.

title: A prospective morphologic evaluation of hepatic toxicity of @entity10140 in @entity1 with XXXX : the National Cooperative Gallstone Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal congestion']

entities_list: @entity6744 :: ('MESH:D008095', 'Chemical') :: ['lithocholic acid']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: Left lung autotransplantation ( @entity10634 ) results in a chronic attenuation in endothelium-dependent, @entity842 (NO)-mediated @entity358 . We tested the hypothesis that this abnormality involves a decrease in the effective concentration of NO due to inactivation by @entity224 anion. Size- and position-matched pulmonary arterial rings were isolated from the right (control) and left ( @entity10634 ) lungs of seven @entity235 1-5 mo post- @entity10634 . The rings were suspended for isometric tension recording and contracted with @entity2647 , and cumulative dose-response curves for @entity1617 or @entity460 ionophore (A-23187) were generated. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to @entity1617 was inhibited post- @entity10634 , with the maximum vasorelaxation response reduced from 88 +/- 5 to 63 +/- 5% (P < 0. 01) post- @entity10634 . In contrast, after pretreatment with the @entity224 anion scavengers @entity10635 or @entity224 dismutase (SOD), the dose-response relationships for @entity1617 were similar in control and @entity10634 rings. @entity6652 , which inhibits @entity224 anion production by endothelial @entity3624 oxidase, also restored the vasorelaxation response to @entity1617 in @entity10634 rings. The pulmonary vasorelaxant response to @entity3365 was also attenuated (P < 0.01) post- @entity10634 , and this effect was entirely reversed by pretreatment with @entity10635 , SOD, or @entity6652 . These results indicate that the attenuated responses to these pulmonary vasorelaxants post- @entity10634 involve inactivation of NO by @entity224 anion generated by endothelial @entity3624 oxidase.

title: @entity224 anion scavengers restore NO-mediated XXXX after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxypurinol', 'oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vasodilation']


abstract: The role of the dorsal hippocampus in the different stages of blocking was examined in a taste aversion learning task. Blocking is a learning effect in which one previously conditioned element of a compound makes the conditioning of the added element difficult. An effective blocking procedure with one trial in each stage was tested in unoperated @entity35 . In the first stage, @entity35 drank @entity8021 and later received @entity13557 by i.p. injection. In the second stage, they were presented with a serial compound @entity8021 -cider vinegar before @entity1091 injection. In a one-bottle, test a reduced aversion to cider vinegar was observed in this group compared to control groups with no previous @entity8021 aversion. Bilateral @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) injection (10 ng/microliters) in the dorsal hippocampus attenuated blocking if this was applied before drinking the compound stimulus during the second stage, but it produced no effect applied either before drinking @entity8021 in the first stage or before testing. Non-specific @entity51 produced by @entity4524 injection applied before testing was ruled out in a control group subjected to a conventional cider vinegar aversion learning which showed complete retrieval of the aversion under @entity4524 . It is concluded that the hippocampal function relevant for blocking takes place during the compound phase.

title: Reversible inactivation of dorsal hippocampus by XXXX impairs blocking of taste aversion selectively during the acquisition but not the retrieval in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['retrieval deficit']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['tetrodotoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of studies concerning the treatment of foot and @entity85 secondary to a @entity2054 or ischaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five @entity1 (4 males and 1 female) were treated by talocrural arthrodesis (1 foot) and @entity6629 (4 feet) due to equinovarus @entity5109 or ischaemia. The age at surgery ranged 28 to 50 years (mean 39 years). The deformity was a sequela to @entity2054 due to an injury in 3 @entity1 , popliteal artery damage in one male @entity1 , and an @entity887 in the femoral artery during hip arthroplasty in one female @entity1 . The evaluation of the results was based on the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale functional scoring system and a subjective assessment of treatment outcomes according to a 10-grade scale (from 0 [worst] to 10 [best], no visualization). RESULTS: A complete correction of the deformity was achieved in 4 @entity1 . A superficial @entity281 and a prolonged healing process of the post-operative wound after the surgery occurred only in one (female) @entity1 . The same @entity1 had a slight persistent @entity85 in the rigid talocrural joint. The mean post-operative AOFAS score was 66.4 (35-86) and 8.4 (5-10) in the subjective scale. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective arthrodesis is an effective method of correction of foot @entity85 and @entity751 . No significant post-operative complications were noted.

title: Corrective arthrodesis to treat sequelae of @entity2054 and XXXX of lower leg and foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity secondary to compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities secondary to compartment syndrome', 'talocrural deformities', 'varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['triple tarsal arthrodesis']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['ischaemic syndromes']


abstract: Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, as well as proteins cooperating with them are responsible for cell cycle regulation which is crucial for normal development, @entity130 , and tumorigenesis. D-type cyclins regulate G1 cell cycle progression by enhancing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases, and their expression is frequently altered in @entity5 . Disturbances in cyclin expression were also reported in @entity272 . The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of cyclins @entity20294 in common, @entity6349 , and @entity272 . Forty-eight @entity272 including common nevi (10), @entity6349 (24), and @entity320 (14) were diagnosed by dermoscopy and excised. Expression of @entity20295 was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified as percentage of immunostained cell nuclei in each sample. In normal skin, expression of cyclins @entity20294 was not detected. The mean percentage of @entity4910 -positive nuclei was 7.75% for @entity320 samples, 5% for @entity6349 samples, and 0.34% for common nevi samples. For @entity18923 , the respective values were 17.8, 6.4, and 1.8%. Statistically significant differences in @entity4910 expression were observed between @entity320 and common nevi as well as between @entity6349 and common nevi (p = 0.0001), but not between @entity320 and @entity6349 . @entity18923 expression revealed significant differences between all investigated lesion types (p = 0.0000). The mean @entity4910 and D3 scores of @entity320 with Breslow thickness <1 mm and >1 mm were not significantly different. G1/S abnormalities are crucial for the progression of @entity320 , and enhanced @entity20295 expression leading to increased melanocyte proliferation is observed in both @entity320 and @entity6349 . In histopathologically ambiguous cases, lower @entity18923 expression in @entity6349 can be a diagnostic marker for that lesion type.

title: Cyclin D1 and D3 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic skin lesions', 'malignant melanocytic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi', 'dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury repair']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['melanocytic skin lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) was associated with @entity4148 and @entity305 ( @entity305 ) in 111 individuals with type 1 @entity6 (mean age 49 years, mean @entity6 duration 40 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: SIF was measured using the SCOUT @entity3918 device. @entity4148 was defined as an electrocardiographic abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing (expiration-to-inspiration ratio <1.1). @entity305 was defined using the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial clinical exam protocol (the presence of two or more of the following: symptoms, sensory and/or motor signs, and/or reduced/absent tendon reflexes consistent with DSP) confirmed by the presence of an abnormal age-specific vibratory threshold (using a Vibratron II tester). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity4148 and @entity305 were 61 and 66%, respectively. SIF was higher in those with @entity4148 (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses controlling for age and updated mean (18-year average) HbA(1c), and allowing for other univariately and clinically significant correlates of @entity4148 , each SD change in SIF was associated with a 2.6-greater likelihood of @entity4148 (P = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA(1c) accounted for 80 and 57%, respectively, of the area under the curve (AUC) for @entity4148 . SIF also was higher in those with @entity305 (P < 0.0001) and remained so in multivariable analyses (odds ratio 2.70; P = 0.005). ROC analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA(1c) accounted for 78 and 59%, respectively, of the AUC for @entity305 . CONCLUSIONS: SIF, a marker of dermal advanced glycation end products, appears to be more strongly associated with the presence of both @entity305 and @entity4148 than mean HbA(1c).

title: Skin intrinsic fluorescence correlates with autonomic and distal symmetrical XXXX in individuals with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['CDSP', 'confirmed distal symmetrical polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: @entity19 trisomy (Ts) 16 occurs in the fetal and neonatal progeny of males doubly heterozygous for the Robertsonian metacentric chromosomes @entity11683 / @entity11684 and "all acrocentric" females. The developmental aspects of this trisomy were studied between day 12 of gestation and birth. So far, postnatal survival longer than a few hours after birth has not been observed. The frequency of Ts 16 among all implants decreased from more than 20% on day 14 to values between 4% and 7% shortly before term. Main features of Ts 16 are moderate @entity2363 , slight @entity851 , and @entity854 . These latter were found in 96% of the trisomies, the great majority belonging to the transposition type, i.e., riding aorta, double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). Association with common atrio ventricular (AV)-canal was frequent. Other @entity154 ", @entity3041 , and hydroureter seem to be attributable to the effects of retardation. Generalized transient @entity4 was frequent in the later gestational stages of Ts 16. Severe @entity65 is possible one of the factors responsible for late fetal or @entity204 in some cases. Another factor probably contributing to Ts 16 fetal mortality is insufficiency of placental function due to @entity509 of the fetal vasculature of this organ. The teratological study of Ts 16 demands interest since evidence has been forwarded to consider this trisomy as an animal model of @entity1 trisomy 21.

title: Trisomy 16 in the @entity19 fetus associated with generalized @entity4 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies as "open eyelid']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries', 'TGA']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['general hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular malformation']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular and urinary tract anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of @entity10433 ( @entity10433 ) shRNA generated by vector pSilence in conjunction with radiotherapy on @entity957 of @entity19 xenograft @entity5 . METHODS: The animal models of xenotransplanted @entity1 @entity189 cell line Hep-2 were set up in 28 @entity19 which were divided into 4 groups at random: the negative plasmid control group, the group that received pshSTAT3 (pGPU6/GFP/NeoshSTAT3) transfection, the radiation group, and the group of pshSTAT3 transfection combined with irradiation. @entity5 volume was determined regularly. On the fifteenth day after termination of radiation treatment, the @entity19 were sacrificed, the @entity5 weight was measured in all the groups, the inhibition rate for @entity5 growth was calculated and @entity5 growth curve was plotted. Meanwhile, the expressions of p- @entity10433 , @entity1379 ( @entity1379 ), @entity899 , @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) protein and intratumor microvessel density (MVD) were observed by immunohistochemistry. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to obtain the results. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in @entity5 volume among the groups (P<0.01). The rate of @entity5 inhibition in the pshSTAT3 group, radiation group and pshSTAT3 plus radiation group was 19.68%, 34.76% and 67.70%, respectively. The p- @entity10433 protein expression decreased significantly in the group of pshSTAT3 plus simple radiotherapy (P<0.01). The intratumoral MVD in the group of pshSTAT3 plus simple radiotherapy was significantly lower compared to the negative plasmid control group and the radiotherapy group (P<0.01), while the apoptosis rate was much higher (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the expressing of p- @entity10433 and @entity1379 , @entity899 , @entity1611 and MVD (r value was 0.738, 0.727, 0.735, 0.691, all P<0.01), and there was a negative correlation concerning cell apoptosis rate. Moreover, a statistically positive association was present between MVD and @entity899 , @entity1611 protein expression, respectively (r value was 0.784, 0.641, all P<0.01); and the correlation was negative between expression of @entity1379 and apoptosis rate (r=-0.883, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Using pshSTAT3 in conjunction with radiotherapy can significantly inhibit the growth of @entity189 .

title: [Silencing of XXXX gene expression using RNAi enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity189 in vivo].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity10433 :: (20848(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']


abstract: In everyday life, we efficiently find objects in the world by moving our gaze from one location to another. The efficiency of this process is brought about by ignoring items that are dissimilar to the target and remembering which target-like items have already been examined. We trained two animals on a visual foraging task in which they had to find a reward-loaded target among five task-irrelevant distractors and five potential targets. We found that both animals performed the task efficiently, ignoring the distractors and rarely examining a particular target twice. We recorded the single unit activity of 54 neurons in the @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) while the animals performed the task. The responses of the neurons differentiated between targets and distractors throughout the trial. Further, the responses marked off targets that had been fixated by a reduction in activity. This reduction acted like inhibition of return in saliency map models; items that had been fixated would no longer be represented by high enough activity to draw an eye movement. This reduction could also be seen as a correlate of reward expectancy; after a target had been identified as not containing the reward the activity was reduced. Within a trial, responses to the remaining targets did not increase as they became more likely to yield a result, suggesting that only activity related to an event is updated on a moment-by-moment bases. Together, our data show that all the neural activity required to guide efficient search is present in @entity5251 . Because @entity5251 activity is known to correlate with saccade goal selection, we propose that @entity5251 plays a significant role in the guidance of efficient @entity227 .

title: Been there, seen that: a neural mechanism for performing efficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral intraparietal area', 'LIP']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual search']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity416 is an attractive radiosensitizer. In this study acute @entity137 and surgical complications were evaluated in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 following @entity348 ( @entity348 ) after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with @entity416 . METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, consecutive @entity1 with clinical @entity5 category (cT) 3-4 (with a threatened circumferential resection margin or cT3 within 5 cm of the anal verge) or clinical node category 2 @entity5 were treated with preoperative CRT (25   2 Gy, @entity416 825 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1-33). @entity348 followed 6 weeks later. @entity137 was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria (version 3.0) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring systems. Treatment-related surgical complications were evaluated for up to 30 days after discharge from hospital using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: Some 147 @entity1 were analysed. The mean cumulative dose of @entity416 was 95 per cent and 98  0 per cent of @entity1 received at least 45 Gy. One @entity1 died from @entity295 following haematological @entity137 . Grade 3-5 @entity137 developed in 32 @entity1 (21  8 per cent), especially @entity294 (10  2 per cent) and radiation @entity1909 (11  6 per cent). There were no deaths within 30 days after surgery. @entity834 and perineal wound complications developed after 13 of 47 low anterior resections and 23 of 62 abdominoperineal resections. Surgical reintervention was required in 30 @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (19  6 per cent) of 138 @entity1 who had a laparotomy were readmitted within 30 days after initial hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Preoperative CRT with @entity416 is associated with acceptable acute @entity137 , significant surgical morbidity but minimal postoperative mortality.

title: @entity137 and complications of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Current guidelines for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) include electrical but not @entity3883 assessment. Our study aims to investigate the effects of isolated or combined mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony, according, respectively, to a standard deviation of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) derived time to systolic peak >= 32.6 ms and to a QRS duration >= 120 ms, in predicting CRT reverse remodeling. METHOD: One hundred ninety-two CRT @entity1 were studied. All @entity1 underwent a complete standard and TDI echocardiography examination before and 6 months after CRT. According to baseline evaluation @entity1 were divided into Group 1, @entity1 with isolated electrical dyssynchrony (QRS >=  120 ms, TS-SD < 32.6), Group 2, @entity1 with isolated @entity3883 (QRS < 120 ms, TS-SD >=  32.6) and Group 3, @entity1 with combined electrical and @entity3883 (QRS >=  120 ms, TS-SD >=  32.6). @entity1 were considered CRT responders according to >= 15 left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) reduction at follow-up (FU). RESULT: At FU, 86 (45%) @entity1 were responders. The highest CRT response rate was observed in Group 3 (62/119, 52%, P < 0.001 vs. Group 1). No significant differences in response rate were observed between Group 1 (13/47, 27%) and Group 2 (11/26, 42%). In Group1, CRT did not induce any significant change in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVESV, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial performance index (MPI), while in Group 2, LVEF (P < 0.001) and MPI (P < 0.05) were improved. In Group 3, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, MPI were significantly improved (P < 0.0001 for all). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the highest CRT response rate can be achieved by combining traditional QRS criterion and a currently used echocardiographic dyssynchrony parameter.

title: Has XXXX still a role in predicting cardiac resynchronization therapy response?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['mechanical dyssynchrony']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) or sustained @entity1165 is an unsolved issue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 106 consecutive @entity1 (62 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 ; age, 35.6  18 years) with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 who received an @entity737 based on 1 or more arrhythmic risk factors such as @entity1163 , nonsustained @entity1165 , @entity18892 , and inducibility at programmed ventricular stimulation. During follow-up of 58  35 months, 25 @entity1 (24%) had appropriate @entity737 interventions and 17 (16%) had shocks for life-threatening @entity2224 or @entity5069 . At 48 months, the actual survival rate was 100% compared with the @entity2224 / @entity5069 -free survival rate of 77% (log-rank P=0.01). @entity1163 significantly predicted any appropriate @entity737 interventions (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 4.67; P=0.013) and shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 (hazard ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 5.63; P=0.005). The positive predictive value of programmed ventricular stimulation was 35% for any appropriate @entity737 intervention and 20% for shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 , with a negative predictive value of 70% and 74%. None of the 27 asymptomatic @entity1 with isolated @entity18892 had appropriate @entity737 therapy. Twenty @entity1 (19%) had inappropriate @entity737 interventions, and 18 (17%) had device-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: One fourth of @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 had appropriate @entity737 interventions. @entity1163 was an important predictor of life-saving @entity737 intervention and is an indication for @entity737 . Prophylactic @entity737 may not be indicated in asymptomatic @entity1 because of their low arrhythmic risk regardless of @entity18892 and programmed ventricular stimulation findings. Programmed ventricular stimulation had a low predictive accuracy for @entity737 therapy.

title: Prophylactic implantable defibrillator in @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior XXXX or sustained @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity18892 :: ('MESH:C566172', 'Disease') :: ['familial sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity1577 is usually chosen based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility. This can be difficult when bacteria are multiresistant. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the tolerance and efficiency of @entity5505 and @entity5646 combination (+/- @entity2890 , +/- @entity2177 ) in the treatment of acute exacerbations in @entity1577 @entity1 who were chronically colonized with multiresistant @entity796 . @entity1 : Seventeen severe @entity1 , with FEV(1)=1070+/-66 mL and BMI=18+/-0.6 kg/m(2), who had chronic colonisation with @entity796 with intermediate sensitivity or resistance to @entity5505 and @entity5646 , were studied between June 2003 and March 2007. @entity26 saturation, dyspnoea, weight, FEV(1), FVC, and tolerance were evaluated before and after antibiotic courses. RESULTS: Forty-two courses of treatment, administered between June 2003 and March 2007 were studied: @entity1 increased their FEV(1) and FVC (p=0.01). One antibiotic course was stopped after four days because of cutaneous side effects. The median delay until the next exacerbation was 101+/-10 days. These courses were compared with other combinations of antibiotics that the @entity1 had received before. The combination of @entity5505 and @entity5646 was more effective in @entity1 receiving less than four courses per year for acute pulmonary exacerbation. CONCLUSION: In chronically @entity796 @entity1577 @entity1 , @entity5505 and @entity5646 combination (+/- @entity2890 , +/- @entity2177 ) is well tolerated and efficient. This treatment suggests a clinical and functional benefit is possible, even in @entity1 with severe disease.

title: [Tolerance and efficacy of @entity5505 in combination with @entity5646 for exacerbations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['colonised cystic fibrosis', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The primary aim of this study was to investigate significance of the @entity836 in the management of @entity734 . A total of 108 opiate dependent drug abusers were included in this study. The study period was May 2004 to March 2008. They were selected consecutively on the basis of defined criteria. Of 108 drug abusers, 81.48% were literate and rest was illiterate. In current profession, majority of them (81.48%) had no work; rests were businessmen (13.89%) or service holders (4.63%). Nearly 72.22% drug abusers were young adult had age 20-30 years and 71.30% were married. About 94.00% of them were using @entity4521 . In lifetime, sixty percent of them had been using @entity4521 or @entity4489 for 3-5 years, 25.93% for 6-10 years and 13.89% for 11-16 years. Hundred percent of the studied drug abusers had habit of smoking cigarettes. Most of them were heterosexual having sex with multiple partners. @entity22 , @entity998 or @entity2147 , antisocial and/or irritable behaviors were found among them. About 75.00% of them had altered food habit and 45.37% had @entity250 . Eighty-four percent wives of the @entity1 drug abusers were found to be literate and 84.42% had only household works in their profession. Illiteracy was found to be higher in mother (26.85%) than that of father (24.07%). Majority of the father were found to be businessmen and mothers had household works only. Their family income was Tk.10,000-20,000 monthly. In addition, disharmony among family members, illicit drug users and @entity1032 were found in 81.48%, 23.15% and 21.30% families respectively. About 95.00% of the @entity1 drug abusers were completed treatment schedule with @entity836 successfully and rest were dropout. Only 45.37% of them were developed adverse effects; of which, @entity22 , @entity1209 , @entity10 , @entity10304 were found to be notable. Finally, 75.93% @entity1 drug abusers were relapsed and rest (25.49%) was remained abstinent from illicit drug use. Multiple factors were found to be liable to use illicit drugs once more. Of them, unpleasant emotional state, @entity250 , friend's incitement, family disharmony and interpersonal conflict were found to be crucial important. All of the @entity1 were acknowledged essentiality of the @entity836 in the treatment of @entity734 . They expressed their satisfaction during treatment including abstinent period. Most of them had not physical or mental craving for illicit drugs as before treatment and did not mention @entity25 or other mental troubles. They had normal food habit, increased appetite and taste preference in abstinent period. However, @entity836 could play important role in demand reduction but has no effect to enhance self-efficacy. In combination with self-efficacy enhancement therapies, it would be effective in the treatment of @entity4784 .

title: @entity836 in XXXX : significance in the prevention of relapse.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['phensedyl']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity10304 :: ('MESH:D003085', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cramps and nervousness']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty falling asleep']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioids dependence']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Nocturnal insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug addiction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery that periodontal diseases are caused by microbial plaque the interest of many scientists has been focused on oral antiseptics. There are very few mouthrinses with oral antiseptic effect originally designed in our country. One of these is Ozosept solution. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of Ozosept solution ( @entity3971 compound) on the oral hygiene and @entity32 , in comparison with Hibidex @entity6136 solution ( @entity5164 ). METHODS: Two groups, each of 21 @entity1 , which did not significantly differ concerning Silness-L  e plaque index (PI) and L  e-Sillnes gingival index (GI), used one of the studied oral antiseptic for a 15-day period. Oral hygiene was maintained by subjects' habitual home methods, and no technique of professionally advised brushing was performed during the experimental period. RESULTS: At the end of the study, PI and GI scores were lowered to a statistically high significance in both groups of @entity1 in comparison to the indexes at the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, PI and GI scores did not significantly differ between the two analyzed groups. No side effects, which were recorded in the Hibidex DAP group (tooth and filling staining 9.5% and 4.74% respectively, transitory tongue numbness 28.6% and reduced taste sensation 14.3%), were registered in the group of subjects using Ozosept solution. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Ozosept solution is effective in the control of dental plaque--biofilm accumulation and @entity32 , and produces no side effects related to @entity5164 usage.

title: [The effect of two different oral antiseptics on dental plaque formation (de novo biofilm) and on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine digluconate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['gingival inflammation']


abstract: Recent experimental results have demonstrated a glial activation during long-term @entity158 that produces and releases cytokines, free @entity26 radicals, @entity842 , and other neuroactive substances in the spinal cord dorsal horns. Such activation might generate a vicious circle by increasing the neuronal excitability level due to a decreased astroglial @entity2227 uptake and thereby reinforce @entity158 signals that travel up to the thalamus and further up into the parietal cortex for identification and interpretation. In this paper, we adapt new knowledge on neuronal-glial signaling in the CNS to develop tentative explanations at the cellular level for the maintenance of @entity158 signals in the brain, for formation of " @entity158 memory," and even for the @entity158 sensitivity that @entity1 with @entity1118 often experience in body regions other than those originally affected. We also suggest a hypothetical mechanism at the cellular level underlying the mental @entity1295 from which @entity1 with @entity1118 may suffer. This hypothesis relies on the impaired astroglial @entity2227 uptake capacity due to the production of neuroactive substances, altered conditions in the @entity1118 state, and the @entity148 and stress reactions that may occur secondary to the @entity158 . Neuronal activity over time in the dysfunctional state of the astroglial network leads to an increase in extracellular @entity2227 levels in the vicinity of @entity2227 synapses. In turn, this increase leads over time to less precision in @entity2227 transmission. The increased extracellular @entity2227 levels lead to increased excitability and increased energy requirements. When cellular energy decreases the @entity2227 transmission decreases, and according to our hypothesis, this is one cause of mental @entity1295 . New strategies for treatment of @entity1118 and the associated mental @entity1295 are formulated and should be explored.

title: Altered neuronal-glial signaling in glutamatergic transmission as a unifying mechanism in @entity1118 and mental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process governing not only morphogenesis in multicellular organisms, but also @entity5 progression. During EMT, @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) is downregulated while @entity6076 ( @entity6076 ) is upregulated, referred to as 'cadherin switch'. This study aimed to investigate whether cadherin switch promotes @entity5 progression in @entity201 ( @entity201 ). METHODS: @entity201 cell lines were examined for migration, invasion, and morphological changes with typical EMT-induced model using recombinant @entity2533 . The changes in @entity5962 and @entity6076 expression were investigated during EMT. We also examined @entity5962 and @entity6076 expression in resected specimens from extrahepatic @entity201 @entity1 (n=38), and the associations with clinicopathological factors and survival rates. RESULTS: @entity2533 treatment activated cell migration, invasion, and fibroblastic morphological changes, especially in extrahepatic @entity201 HuCCT-1 cells. These changes occurred with @entity5962 downregulation and @entity6076 upregulation, that is, cadherin switch. @entity1 with low @entity5962 expression had a significantly lower survival rate than @entity1 with high @entity5962 expression (P=0.0059). @entity1 with decreasing @entity5962 and increasing @entity6076 expression had a significantly lower survival rate than @entity1 with increasing @entity5962 and decreasing @entity6076 expression (P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Cadherin switch promotes @entity5 progression via @entity2533 -induced EMT in extrahepatic @entity201 , suggesting a target for elucidating the mechanisms of invasion and @entity3 in extrahepatic @entity201 .

title: E/ XXXX switch mediates @entity5 progression via @entity2533 -induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['E-cadherin', 'epithelial cadherin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6076 :: ('1000', 'Gene') :: ['N-cadherin', 'neural cadherin']

answer: @entity6076 :: (1000,Gene) :: ['N-cadherin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of adalimumab plus @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) versus @entity6822 monotherapy in early, aggressive @entity309 ( @entity309 ) when explicitly modelling short-term (reversible) and long-term (irreversible, ie, joint damage) disease activity and physical function. METHODS: A microsimulation model was developed to unify, in a single cost-effectiveness model, measures of reversible and irreversible disease activity and physical function based on data from the PREMIER trial. Short term, reversible disease activity was modelled using DAS28 variables, including swollen joint counts, tender joint counts, @entity1851 concentration and @entity158 . The DAS28 variables were then used in a logistic regression to predict short-term American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses, which informed treatment continuation and switches. Long term, irreversible, radiographically documented joint damage was modelled using modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS). The model then linked both short-term disease activity and mTSS to the Health Assessment Questionnaire score, which was used to calculate direct and indirect costs, and quality adjusted life-years (QALYs). RESULTS: When both reversible and irreversible effects of therapy were included, combination therapy was estimated to produce 6-month 50% ACR responses in 75% of @entity1 versus 54% in @entity6822 monotherapy. Compared to @entity6822 monotherapy, combination therapy resulted in 2.68 and 3.04 discounted life years and QALYs gained, respectively. Combination therapy also resulted in a net increase in direct costs of   106   207 for a resulting incremental cost/QALY gain of   32   425. When indirect costs were included in the analysis, the ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) decreased to   27   238. Disregarding irreversible effects increased the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to   78   809 (when only direct costs were included). CONCLUSIONS: Starting with adalimumab plus @entity6822 combination therapy in early, aggressive @entity309 is cost-effective when irreversible damage is adequately considered.

title: Modelling the cost-effectiveness of combination therapy for early, rapidly progressing XXXX by simulating the reversible and irreversible effects of the disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Technique for the fixation of two, three, and four part proximal humerus @entity174 has rapidly shifted towards the use of specially contoured proximal humerus locking plates. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short to medium term functional results and common complications associated with the fixation of proximal humerus @entity174 with locking plates. METHODS: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to perform a systematic review of the English literature to assess the functional results and complications associated with proximal humerus locking plates. Our inclusion criteria were @entity174 due to @entity130 (excluding pathologic @entity174 ), @entity1 greater than 18 years of age, more than 15 @entity1 in the study or subgroup of interest, at least 18 months follow-up, at least one relevant functional outcome score, and quality outcome score of at least 5/10. Studies that did not meet these criteria were excluded. All institutional, author, and journal information was concealed to minimize reviewer bias. RESULTS: Twelve studies including 514 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. At most recent follow-up @entity1 achieved a mean Constant score of 74 and a mean DASH score of 27. The overall rate of complications was 49% including varus malunion, 33% excluding varus malunion, and reoperation rate was 14%. The most common complications included varus malunion 16%, AVN 10%, screw perforation of the humeral head into the joint 8%, subacromial impingement 6%, and infection 4%. DISCUSSION: Fixation of proximal humerus @entity174 with proximal humerus locking plates is associated with a high rate of complications and reoperation. Further study is needed to determine what technical errors and @entity1 characteristics are risk factors for failure of this now common fixation technique.

title: A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'proximal humerus fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity1 -induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are being used as an in vitro model system in cardiac biology and in drug discovery (e.g., @entity1370 testing). Qualification of these cells for use in mechanistic investigations will require detailed evaluations of cardiomyocyte signaling pathways and cellular responses. @entity470 signaling and the ligand neuregulin play critical roles in survival and functional integrity of cardiac myocytes. As such, we sought to characterize the expression and activity of the @entity470 family of receptors. Antibody microarray analysis performed on cell lysates derived from maturing hiPSC-CMs detected expression of    570 signaling proteins. @entity470 / @entity470 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 , and @entity12251 , but not @entity7514 receptors, of the epidermal growth factor receptor family were confirmed by Western blot. Activation of @entity470 signaling by neuregulin-1b (NRG, a natural ligand for @entity12251 ) and its modulation by trastuzumab (a monoclonal anti- @entity1722 antibody) and @entity9433 (a small molecule @entity1722 @entity669 kinase inhibitor) were evaluated through assessing phosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity1366 , two major downstream kinases of @entity470 signaling, using nanofluidic proteomic immunoassay. Downregulation of @entity1722 expression by siRNA silencing attenuated NRG-induced @entity584 and @entity1366 phosphorylation. Activation of @entity470 signaling with NRG, or inhibition with trastuzumab, alleviated or aggravated @entity632 -induced @entity16 , respectively, as assessed by a real-time cellular impedance analysis and @entity855 measurement. Collectively, these results support the expanded use of hiPSC-CMs to examine mechanisms of @entity1370 and support the value of using these cells in early assessments of @entity1370 or efficacy.

title: Examining the protective role of @entity1722 modulation in XXXX -induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte damage']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation as treatment for unresectable @entity4177 . We prospectively collected data on 311 consecutive liver transplants performed at @entity1 's Medical Center of Dallas between October 1984 and November 2000. There were nine recipients (five @entity1 , four @entity1 ) with a diagnosis of unresectable @entity4177 . Postoperative survival of those currently alive ranged from 6 months to 16 years (mean 6.4 years, median 7.7 years). All recipients received preoperative chemotherapy: 67% received postoperative chemotherapy. Mean @entity160 level prior to transplantation was 1 448000 ng/mL. Mean age at diagnosis was 0.81 years. Mean age at transplantation was 1.87 years. Only two @entity1 experienced acute cellular rejection in the postoperative period. There was a total of three @entity204 and one recurrence. The only instance in which @entity160 levels did not decrease to low or undetectable levels post-transplantation was in the @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 . Liver transplantation has an established role in the treatment of @entity4177 . It accounted for 3% of pediatric liver transplants, and provided the only opportunity for survival in otherwise incurable @entity1 . Early diagnosis and treatment were found to be associated with better results. Response to chemotherapy may be an important factor influencing survival. Rising @entity160 levels after transplantation are associated with recurrence.

title: Treatment of unresectable XXXX with liver transplantation in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: Fifty-two newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2946 were prospectively staged with myelography. Fifty also had at least one CSF cytology study. Twenty-four @entity1 (46%) had evidence of dissemination beyond the posterior fossa at diagnosis. @entity1 under age 5 years were more likely to have dissemination at diagnosis than older @entity1 (61% vs 38%). The 5-year disease-free survival for 45 @entity1 diagnosed at least 1 year ago and treated with craniospinal irradiation was 62.6%. Overall 5-year survival for this group was 76.7%. @entity1 without evidence of dissemination at diagnosis had a 5-year disease-free survival of 73.3% compared to 49.1% for @entity1 with M1-3 disease. Eighteen @entity1 relapsed, 16 within 3 years of diagnosis. Eight @entity1 had recurrent @entity5 in the posterior fossa, eight in the supratentorial compartment, seven in the cord, and five had systemic @entity3 . @entity1 with initial cord involvement were more likely to develop systemic @entity3 (4/12) than @entity1 without initial cord involvement (1/33).

title: XXXX : staging and treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Medulloblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) harboring mutations in MET exon 14 and its flanking introns may respond to @entity1916 inhibitors. We sought to describe the clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity5 with MET exon 14 mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: We interrogated next-generation sequencing results from 6,376 @entity5 to identify those harboring MET exon 14 mutations. Clinical characteristics of MET exon 14   mutated @entity1149 were compared with those of @entity1149 with activating mutations in @entity984 and @entity470 . Co-occurring genomic mutations and copy number alterations were identified. @entity1916 immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect exon 14 skipping were performed where sufficient tissue was available. RESULTS: MET exon 14 mutations were identified in 28 of 933 nonsquamous @entity1149 (3.0%) and were not seen in other @entity5 types in this study. @entity1 with MET exon 14-mutated NSCLC were significantly older (median age, 72.5 years) than @entity1 with @entity470 -mutant (median age, 61 years; P < .001) or @entity984 -mutant NSCLC (median age, 65 years; P < .001). Among @entity1 with MET exon 14 mutations, 68% were @entity1 , and 36% were never-smokers. Stage IV MET exon 14-mutated @entity1149 were significantly more likely to have concurrent MET genomic amplification (mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7, 4.3) and strong @entity1916 immunohistochemical expression (mean H score, 253) than stage IA to IIIB MET exon 14-mutated @entity1149 (mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7, 1.4; P = .007; mean H score, 155; P = .002) and stage IV MET exon 14-wild-type @entity1149 (mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7, 1.2; P < .001; mean H score, 142; P < .001). A @entity1 whose @entity2 harbored a MET exon 14 mutation with concurrent genomic amplification of the mutated MET allele experienced a major partial response to the @entity1916 inhibitor @entity9816 . CONCLUSION: MET exon 14 mutations represent a clinically unique molecular subtype of NSCLC. Prospective clinical trials with @entity1916 inhibitors will be necessary to validate MET exon 14 mutations as an important therapeutic target in NSCLC.

title: MET Exon 14 Mutations in Non-Small-Cell @entity2 Are Associated With Advanced Age and Stage-Dependent MET Genomic Amplification and XXXX Overexpression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small-cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9816 :: ('MESH:C551994', 'Chemical') :: ['crizotinib']

answer: @entity1916 :: (4233,Gene) :: ['c-Met']


abstract: @entity2615 is a malignancy with poor prognosis, with an average 5-year survival rate being less than 9%. This type of @entity5 is almost exclusively caused by exposure to @entity1355 . A long exposure can cause @entity2615 and so can short ones, as each exposure is cumulative. We report a case of a 26-year-old male who was exposed to @entity1355 during his primary school years from the age of 6 to 12. Although the @entity5 mainly affects older @entity1 who in their youth were occupationally exposed to @entity1355 , @entity3620 can also occur in young adults. A medical history was carefully taken and @entity1355 exposure was immediately mentioned by the @entity1 . We conducted biopsy on the right supraclavicular lymph node. The @entity1 was not a candidate for surgery, and chemotherapy treatment was initiated. While @entity1 's chemotherapy is still ongoing, no other similar cases of students or teachers have been traced up to date from his school. The school building was demolished in January 2009.

title: A 26-year-old male with @entity2615 due to XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: In the last two decades the endovascular treatment of peripheral @entity432 (PAOD) has gained a widespread and predominant role. New technologies have developed in the last years as atherectomy devices, self expandible @entity5648 stents, drug eluting devices (stent and balloons), absorbable stents. In recent years, growing interest has been dedicated to laser technology due to device improvements and literature data reporting safety and efficacy of excimer laser. The role of this new endovascular technique for the treatment of @entity731 should be considered with regard to two fields of interest: the claudicatio intermittens (CI) and the @entity63 ( @entity63 ). A 20-year history with medical lasers has proven that not all lasers are equal. Lasers used and studied in the late 1980s and 1990s had poor outcomes due to inappropriate laser selection and undefined laser techniques. Over the last 10 years, multicenter studies with the excimer laser confirm that case selection, appropriate utilization of equipment, application of safe lasing techniques, and knowledge of indications and contraindications, all contribute to the successful application of laser-assisted angioplasty in complex coronary and peripheral @entity455 . If applied properly, the Excimer Laser is a useful technique to transform @entity432 into more treatable lesions, improving the results of endovascular treatment and lowering the threshold of intervention for ''untreatable'' @entity1 . New larger studies are requested to assess the definitive role of this technique in PAD treatment and limb salvage. This review will discuss the Laser Phisics and application in PAD along with the clinical data available to support the Excimer Laser as a reliable technology for endovascular intervention.

title: Update on the TURBO BOOSTER spectranetics laser for lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complex obstructive arterial disease', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic arterial diseases']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['extremity occlusive disease']


abstract: Four cases of @entity421 which were treated at the National @entity5 Center Hospital have been reviewed. There were three males and one female. The ages of the @entity1 were 32, 48, 48 and 59 years. Three @entity1 had a solitary @entity5 located in the lower leg, thigh or postirradiated abdominal wall. The remaining @entity1 had @entity5 in the ipsilateral thigh and buttock. The predominant histologic subtype was osteoblastic in two cases, chondroblastic in one and malignant @entity82 -like in one. Only one @entity1 with a subcutaneous @entity5 was free of disease 16 years after a wide local excision without chemotherapy. The other three @entity1 , two having undergone inadequate initial surgery, and one with @entity5 , developed pulmonary @entity3 within 24 months of their initial surgical treatment. All of them died of the pulmonary @entity3 eight, 36 and 63 months after their initial treatment. Postoperative intensive chemotherapy was given to two @entity1 . Although both had developed @entity3 to the lung, they received resection of the @entity3 combined with additional chemotherapy, surviving for more than 24 months after the occurrence of their first @entity3 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extraskeletal osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Extraskeletal osteosarcoma']


abstract: AIM: The study of the sentinel node has made it possible to obtain more comprehensive knowledge about the extent of axillary involvement in @entity0 . It has also decreased the surgical morbidity associated to the surgical examination of the axilla. The systematic use of immunohistochemical staining and molecular biology techniques improves the ability to detect the presence of micrometastasis or @entity5 cells in a significant number of cases when this is the only sign of the lymph node extension of the disease. The possibility of avoiding complete axillary lymphadenectomy in those @entity1 who are only affected by micrometastasis is proposed because of the low incidence of further involvement of the remaining lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 159 @entity1 diagnosed of stage T1 or T2 @entity0 , in which the sentinel node had been identified by scintigraphy and intraoperative localization, were included in the study. Complete axillary lymphadenectomy was performed when micro- or macrometastases were found in the sentinel node, in order to determine the degree of axillary involvement. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 (25%) showed infiltration of the sentinel node. This infiltration was only by micrometastasis in 17 of them (10.7%). Of these 17 @entity1 , only 2 (11.8%) showed macro-metastasis in the lymphadenectomy. In the remaining subjects, the final staging reached after the sentinel node study was not modified. CONCLUSION: It is possible to speculate that, in the future, axillary dissection can be avoided in those @entity1 diagnosed of micrometastasis in the sentinel node, pending the conclusions of the on-going multicenter studies.

title: [Micrometastasis in the sentinel node and axillary lymph node macro-metastasis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The survival rate of our @entity454 ( @entity454 ) population was calculated by means of actuarial survival curves. A total of 167 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis or CAPD during the 1977-1991 period were studied. They had been treated and closely followed for at least three months. Mean age for starting dialysis was 40.6 +/- 17 years; 107 (64%) were males and 60 (36%) females. @entity631 (25%), @entity6 (14%) and nephroangiosclerosis (12%) were the primary causes of @entity454 . Survival rates were analysed by actuarial curves as designed by Kaplan and Meier. Statistical significance between curves was calculated with the Log Rank test. The level of significance considered was below 0.05. Multivariate analysis of survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Survival rates were in all cases expressed for the 1 degree, 5 degree and 10 degree year. They were for the whole group of 89%, 63%, and 38% respectively. When analysed according to their age: those under 30 years; between 30 and 50 and over 50 years old (at time to start dialysis); survival rates were of 97%, 86%, and 81% for the first group; 89%, 66% and 29% for the second group, and 85%, 44%, and 10% for the third group. Significant differences were found between the first and second group (p < 0.025); the first and the third group (p < 0.001) and second and third group (p < 0.001) (Fig. 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Actuarial survival analysis of XXXX in dialysis].

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, an epidemiological study showed a lower risk of @entity356 among @entity1 who consume a large amount of green tea. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), one of the main constituents of green tea, inhibited @entity5 promotion by teleocidin in a two-stage @entity105 experiment with the use of @entity19 skin. The inhibitory effect of @entity3090 on @entity2482 ( @entity2482 )-induced @entity105 of the glandular stomach in @entity35 was examined. The percentage of @entity5 -bearing @entity35 in the group treated with @entity2482 plus @entity3090 was 31%, compared to 62% in the @entity2482 group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). To assess the effect of p.o. administration of @entity3090 , the gastric mucosal cellular kinetics was examined with the use of the @entity1603 labeling index, @entity7222 decarboxylase activity, and tissue @entity4664 levels. The labeling index of the @entity3090 treatment group decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the @entity3090 plus @entity2482 treatment group. The @entity7222 decarboxylase activity and tissue @entity11667 levels were also decreased. On the other hand, the tissue @entity7224 and @entity8037 levels were partly increased. These findings suggest that @entity3090 inhibits the cellular kinetics of the gastric mucosa during the promotion stage of @entity2482 -induced @entity356 . @entity3090 may be useful in preventing @entity356 . Moreover, @entity3090 may be applied clinically without any harmful effects and at a low cost.

title: Inhibition of XXXX -induced @entity105 by @entity3089 in the @entity35 glandular stomach.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity2482 :: (MESH:D008769,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine']


abstract: @entity309 is associated with @entity8704 , which can be clearly demonstrated at the distal radius using single-photon absorptiometry. @entity604 at this site is probably due to the predominant involvement of the hands and wrists during @entity309 . Estimates of the frequency of generalized @entity604 have varied with the measurement technique used and the study design. Studies using dual-photon absorptiometry with a radioactive source have yielded conflicting data. The most recent studies of bone mineral density used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, which is currently the best method in terms of reproducibility and precision; results suggested @entity604 in the proximal femur, whereas lumbar spine measurements were usually normal or very slightly decreased. Findings from the few longitudinal studies are discordant; this may be ascribable to differences in bone mass measurement techniques, study population characteristics, and follow-up duration. Whereas @entity604 was not demonstrated in the earliest longitudinal studies, recent investigations suggested that bone mineral density was decreased in @entity309 @entity1 as compared with controls. Corticosteroid therapy, even in daily dosages of less than 10 mg/d @entity229 -equivalent, was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in bone mass after six months, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. @entity309 @entity1 had a two-fold increase in @entity174 risk, independently from their bone mass. Factors associated with higher @entity174 risks were corticosteroid therapy, physical inactivity, and female gender.

title: Bone tissue in @entity309 (1). Bone mineral density and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional decalcification']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A 17-year-old female, who had @entity892 and progressive gait disturbance, had been diagnosed as having a right parasellar @entity66 in 1986. Initial CT scan failed to show a parasellar space occupying lesion, although it was well demonstrated on MRI. No surgery was carried out at that time. Seven years later, she was hospitalized because of progressive gait disturbance, lower @entity129 , and cerebellar sign as well as the known right abducence palsy. At this time, CT scan exhibited a huge low density area with a marginal high density area suggesting calcification, which extended from the right parasellar area to the ventral portion of the midbrain. She underwent surgery under the diagnosis of @entity5 or @entity3580 . The @entity1504 was removed via combined translabyrinthine approach and epidural subtemporal approach. The @entity5 was hitologically diagnosed as well-differentiated @entity511 . Electron-microscopy demonstrated @entity5 cells with features of chondrocytes. Since the original site of the @entity5 , strategies for treatment and prognosis are different from each other, distinction between @entity511 and @entity3580 is important. MRI seemed very useful for making this distinction as a first step.

title: [Intra-and extracranial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves palsy']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cartilaginous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: In a 58-year-old hospitalized @entity1 with gonarthrosis a leech therapy was applied to both @entity2720 . In the evening of the following day she observed strong @entity111 in the area of the leech bites; in addition a maculopapular @entity1910 appeared on the torso and her lower extremities. The @entity56 lasted four days. Administration of antihistamines only led to a slight improvement of the symptoms. A full restitution could only be achieved after a systemic dose of glucocorticoids on the fourth day after leech therapy. Eight days before beginning of the leech therapy a five-day antibiotic therapy with @entity206 and @entity207 (Cotrim forte) had been administered to treat an uncomplicated @entity293 . @entity56 are well-known complications of these antibiotics and of leech therapy. The four-day duration of the @entity56 after leech therapy, however, was untypical. In order to explain these symptoms, a prick test and an epicutaneous test for the antibiotic components were executed five weeks after the leech therapy. Furthermore, a second leech therapy was administered and a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was carried out. The results of the LTT showed a sensitization for @entity207 and a possible sensitization for @entity206 , the results of the epicutaneous test showed a positive reaction to @entity3208 , a component of the antibiotic. In the area of the leech bites a clear local skin reaction was observed. These results suggest a drug @entity1910 , in all probability triggered by the leech therapy.

title: [Drug XXXX in connection with @entity206 and @entity207 treatment, triggered by leech therapy].

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium lauryl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joints']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['exanthema']


abstract: 239 @entity1 with @entity883 completed treatment with @entity11121 12.5 mg per kg body weight b.i.d. for 10 days. At examination after completing therapy, throat specimens from 53 @entity1 (22%) yielded growth of group A streptococci of the same. T-type as the initial culture ( @entity177 ). 20 of these 53 (38%) had symptoms and signs of @entity5389 (clinical and @entity177 ). 48 of the @entity1 with bacterial failure were randomly allocated to @entity11121 or @entity3402 in an open design; 22 of them received a second course of @entity11121 for 10 days and 26 were given @entity3402 , 6.5 mg per kg body weight b.i.d. ( @entity1 ) or 300 mg t.i.d. (adults) for 10 days. After completing their treatment, 14 of 22 @entity1 (64%) given @entity11121 harboured the same T-type as in the previous two cultures, while group A streptococci were not recovered from any of the 26 @entity1 receiving @entity3402 . In @entity1 with clinical failure after @entity11121 treatment, a new course with this drug is not motivated. In that situation @entity3402 seems to be an efficient choice.

title: XXXX in persisting @entity883 after penicillin treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial treatment failure']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxymethyl penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['Clindamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the success of the combined tubularized island flap (Duckett technique) and Thiersch-Duplay techniques in one-stage correction of proximal @entity2650 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 underwent surgical treatment for @entity12094 in the last 9 years. Combined tubularized island flap (Duckett technique) and tubularized ventral skin (Thiersch-Duplay) procedures were performed in each case. The proximal urethra was repaired by the Thiersch-Duplay technique through the base of the phallus, and distal urethral repair was conducted via the tubularized island flap procedure. RESULTS: The follow-up lasted from 5 months to 6 years (mean 4.1 years). The overall complication rate was 26%, but no recurrent chordee was detected. Recurrent fistulae were noted in 7 @entity1 (20.5%). Anastomatic stricture was noted in 3 @entity1 (8.8%). CONCLUSION: A combination of Duckett's preputial tube and the Thiersch-Duplay procedure was employed to treat 34 cases of severe @entity2650 , with a success rate of 74%. In our procedure, the island flap tube is relatively short. Oblique anastomoses of proximal and distal tubes were made, and the pedicule of the flap supported the neourethra following successful interventions. Because of the low complication and high success rates, this combination of two procedures is recommended for repair of severe proximal @entity2650 .

title: Combination of tubularized island flap and ventral skin flap techniques in single-stage correction of severe proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12094 :: ('MESH:C566526', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) the effect of @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 (ABVD)-related @entity1398 on chemotherapy delivery is poorly documented. The aim of this analysis was to assess the impact of @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) on ABVD chemotherapy delivery in @entity978 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Data from two similarly designed, prospective, observational studies conducted in the @entity10479 and the EU were analysed. One hundred and fifteen @entity978 @entity1 who started a new course of ABVD during 2002-2005 were included. The primary objective was to document the effect of @entity1398 complications on delivery of ABVD chemotherapy in @entity978 @entity1 . Secondary objectives were to investigate the incidence of @entity7730 and @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) and to compare @entity10479 and EU practice with ABVD therapy in @entity978 . Pooled data were analysed to explore univariate associations with @entity1398 events. RESULTS: Chemotherapy delivery was suboptimal (with a relative dose intensity < or = 85%) in 18-22% of @entity1 . The incidence of grade 4 @entity7730 in cycles 1-4 was lower in @entity10479 @entity1 ( @entity10479 24% vs. EU 32%). @entity1 in both the @entity10479 and the EU experienced similar rates of @entity1398 across cycles 1-4 ( @entity10479 12% vs. EU 11%). Use of primary colony-stimulating factor (CSF) prophylaxis and of any CSF was more common in the @entity10479 than the EU (37% vs. 4% and 78% vs. 38%, respectively). The relative risk (RR) of dose delays was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.23, p = 0.036) for @entity1 with vs. without grade 4 @entity7730 and the RR of grade 4 @entity7730 was 0.35 (95% CI 0.12-1.06, p = 0.046) for @entity1 with vs. without primary CSF prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of @entity978 @entity1 , @entity7730 was frequent and @entity1398 occurrence clinically relevant. Chemotherapy delivery was suboptimal. CSF prophylaxis appeared to reduce @entity7730 rates.

title: @entity978 treatment with ABVD in the XXXX and the EU: @entity1398 occurrence and impaired chemotherapy delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'FN', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CIN', 'chemotherapy-induced neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['US']


abstract: Sleep loss strongly affects brain function and may even predispose susceptible individuals to @entity146 . Since a recurrent lack of sleep frequently occurs during adolescence, it has been implicated in the rise in @entity308 incidence during this particular period of life. One mechanism through which @entity25 may contribute to depressive symptomatology is by affecting hippocampal function. In this study, we examined the effects of @entity25 on hippocampal integrity at young age by subjecting adolescent male @entity35 to chronic sleep restriction (SR) for 1 month from postnatal day 30 to 61. They were placed in slowly rotating drums for 20 h per day and were allowed 4 h of rest per day at the beginning of the light phase. @entity148 was measured using an open field and elevated plus maze test, while @entity11675 preference was used as an indication of @entity4270 . All tests were performed after 1 and 4 weeks of SR. We further studied effects of SR on @entity2339 activity, and at the end of the experiment, brains were collected to measure hippocampal volume and neurogenesis. Behavior of the SR animals was not affected, except for a transient suppression of saccharine preference after 1 week of SR. Hippocampal volume was significantly reduced in SR @entity35 compared to home cage and forced activity controls. This volume reduction was not paralleled by reduced levels of hippocampal neurogenesis and could neither be explained by elevated levels of glucocorticoids. Thus, our results indicate that insufficient sleep may be a causal factor in the reductions of hippocampal volume that have been reported in @entity1 @entity25 and @entity1316 . Since changes in HPA activity or neurogenesis are not causally implicated, @entity25 may affect hippocampal volume by other, possibly more direct mechanisms.

title: Chronic sleep restriction causes a decrease in hippocampal volume in adolescent XXXX , which is not explained by changes in glucocorticoid levels or neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep disturbance', 'sleep loss']

entities_list: @entity11675 :: ('CHEBI:32111', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Parathyroid progenitor cells devoid of immunogenic antigens were used for @entity1 allotransplantation. Although there were many potential reasons for the expiry of transplant activity in @entity1 , we decided to exclude a subclinical form of rejection reaction, and test the rejection reaction in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 40 conventional male @entity19 in their third month of life. The animals were housed in groups of 10 per cage in 4 cages with fitted water dispensers and fed a conventional diet based on standard pellet food. They were divided into four groups of 10 animals each, three experimental groups and one control group. Identified progenitor cells were stored in a cell bank. After testing the phenotype, viability, and absence of immunogenic properties, the cells were transplanted into @entity19 peritoneum cavity. RESULTS: Animals were observed for 9 weeks. At 9 weeks of observation, the mean serum @entity461 concentration in the experimental groups was 2.0-2.5 pg/ml, while in the control group it did not exceed 1.5 pg/ml. The immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that millions of viable cells with a phenotype identical to the endocrine cells had survived in the peritoneum. Histologic specimens from different internal organs stained for @entity461 revealed positive cells labelled with anti- @entity461 Ab in the intestinal lamina, brain, liver, and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: In the present paper we have demonstrated that xenotransplantation may be used as a model for an explanation of the immunogenic properties of cells generated from postnatal organs for regenerative therapy.

title: Xenotransplantation of @entity1 cultured parathyroid progenitor cells into XXXX peritoneum does not induce rejection reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Free @entity1718 (FFAs) exert complex actions on pancreatic b-cells. Typically, an initial potentiation of insulin release is followed by a gradual impairment of b-cell function, the latter effect being of possible relevance to hyperlipidaemia in @entity6 . The molecular actions of FFAs are poorly understood. The present study investigated the acute effects of saturated FFAs on electrophysiological responses of @entity35 pancreatic b-cells. Membrane potential and KATP channel activity were recorded using the perforated patch technique. Volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) activity was assessed from conventional whole-cell recordings. Cell volume regulation was measured using a video-imaging technique. Addition of @entity6212 caused a transient potentiation of @entity413 -induced electrical activity, followed by a gradual @entity2915 and a prolonged inhibition of electrical activity. @entity6212 caused an initial increase in VRAC activity followed by a secondary inhibition coinciding with increased KATP channel activity. Similar effects were observed with @entity2365 and @entity17293 whereas @entity4876 was virtually ineffective. @entity6212 and @entity2365 also exerted a dual effect on electrical activity evoked by @entity11243 . @entity6212 significantly attenuated cell volume regulation in @entity2421 solutions, consistent with VRAC inhibition. It is concluded that medium and long chain FFAs have a dual action on @entity413 -induced electrical activity in @entity35 pancreatic b-cells: an initial stimulatory effect followed by a secondary inhibition. These effects appear to be the result of reciprocal actions on VRAC and KATP channel currents, and could contribute towards the stimulatory and inhibitory actions of FFAs on pancreatic b-cell function.

title: A dual action of XXXX on electrical activity in @entity35 pancreatic b-cells. Role of volume-regulated anion channel and KATP channel currents.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['Octanoate', 'octanoate']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity17293 :: ('MESH:C022776', 'Chemical') :: ['2-bromopalmitate']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-polarisation']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['saturated fatty acids']