abstract: The primary aim of this study was to establish the incidence and the lateralizing value of 'lateralized ictal immobility of the upper limb' (LIL) in @entity1 suffering from @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and to describe the connection between LIL and other clinical ictal signs. We retrospectively reviewed video records of 87 @entity1 with @entity1315 . We reviewed a total of 276 focal @entity302 with or without secondary generalization. We studied the incidence of LIL, its lateralizing value, and its relationship to other ictal clinical signs. Of the 87 @entity1 , 49 had undergone a successful resective surgery at least 1 year prior to the study. LIL is a late sign in the course of partial @entity410 . It occurred in 25 of our 87 @entity1 (28.7%), and in 47 of 276 @entity410 (17.1%). In all of the evaluated @entity410 , LIL occurred contralateral to the side of @entity410 onset (P < 0.001). LIL was always associated with @entity3140 , and in 63.1% of the occurrences, it was immediately followed by @entity3519 . LIL is a more accurate term to describe what has previously been called 'ictal paresis' in the literature. Due to the inability to execute proper testing during a partial @entity410 , it is better to use the term LIL when making a visual analysis of a @entity410 . LIL is a more suitable term to describe the studied ictal sign. It is a relatively frequent sign in @entity1 with @entity1315 . LIL has an excellent lateralizing value for the contralateral hemisphere. It is a negative motor sign, and its genesis is probably associated with the @entity302 involvement of the @entity75 .

title: Lateralized ictal immobility of the upper limb in XXXX with @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral upper limb automatisms']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['ictal dystonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The in vitro invasive ability, the expression of cell adhesion molecule @entity5962 , activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and @entity984 point mutation were investigated in eight @entity1 @entity1204 cell lines. 1) In vitro invasive abilities of @entity1204 cell lines depend on the degree of cell differentiation and the origin of cell lines. A poorly-differentiated @entity189 cell line (NUE-1) and a cell line derived from metastatic lymph node (SNG-M) were more invasive than moderately-(HEC-1A, HEC-1BE) and well-differentiated (HEC-6, Ishikawa) cell lines. 2) Immunohistochemically, less or non-invasive cell lines expressed @entity5962 strongly, whereas a highly invasive cell line (NUE-1) expressed @entity5962 weakly. 3) When cultured on Matrigel-coated dishes, the @entity5 cells derived from moderately- and well-differentiated @entity189 aggregated with each other and did not invade Matrigel in the invasion assay. The aggregated cells expressed @entity5962 more strongly when cultured on Matrigel. 4) 72-kD gelatinase ( @entity1476 ) was secreted in serum-free conditioned medium of all cell lines. In an invasive cell line (NUE-1,SNG-M), the activity of @entity1476 was stronger than in other cell lines. And the activity of 92-kDa gelatinase ( @entity1495 ) was detected in most invasive cell line (NUE-1). 5) Point mutation of @entity984 codon 12 was detected in four of eight (50%) cell lines by the PCR-RFLP method. The changes in the DNA sequence were identified, but @entity984 point mutation was not correlated with in vitro invasiveness of the @entity5 cells.

title: [The factors involved in invasive ability of XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: The passive biocompatibility of @entity6619 -based electrode arrays was studied in feline cortical tissue. Three types of arrays were used: uncoated, coated with @entity32831 , and coated with @entity32831 over an adhesion promoter. Fifteen arrays were implanted for 24 h to determine early tissue reaction to the implantation procedure, and twelve arrays were implanted for 6 months to determine structural and material biocompatibility. @entity4 and @entity548 were present around the short-term implants, but involved less than 6% of the total area of the tissue covered by the array. With chronic implants, leukocytes were rarely present and macrophages were found around roughly one-third of the tracks. Remnants of foreign material from the electrodes could be identified in less than 10% of the tracks. @entity5219 was found around all tracks, forming an annulus between 20 and 40 microns thick. A capsule was not always present, and never exceeded a thickness of 9 microns. These results suggest that the implantation procedure produces limited amounts of tissue damage, and that the arrays are biocompatible. However, the arrays insulated with @entity32831 over a primer had significantly greater involvement of macrophages, @entity5219 , and capsule formation than uncoated arrays and arrays insulated with @entity32831 without printer, perhaps indicating a reaction to @entity5383 in the primer.

title: Biocompatibility of XXXX -based electrode arrays implanted in feline cortical tissue.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['gliosis', 'Gliosis']

entities_list: @entity32831 :: ('CHEBI:61484', 'Chemical') :: ['polyimide']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide']

answer: @entity6619 :: (MESH:D012825,Chemical) :: ['silicon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) is associated with @entity64 , recurrent transient @entity51 , @entity387 , decompression illness and @entity2704 with aura. AIM: We verify cryptogenic @entity887 recurrence after transcatheter @entity4616 closure in @entity1 younger than 55 years old, and determine the prevalence of @entity2795 before and after @entity4616 closure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We sent a questionnaire concerning the recurrence of @entity64 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and the presence of @entity2704 symptoms before and after @entity4616 closure to 224 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 40.9   9 years; 103 @entity1 ; 108 @entity1 < 40 years old, 116 @entity1 40-55 years old) after successful @entity4616 transcatheter closure as secondary prevention of cryptogenic @entity887 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 37.8   32.5 (median 27) months. @entity64 or @entity63 recurred in 6 @entity1 (2.6%), all of whom were over 40 years old at the time of closure. The median time of recurrence was 24 months. Two @entity1 (0.89%) died, but the deaths were not related to the device nor to @entity1031 . @entity2704 occurred in the study group before closure in 68 (30.4%) @entity1 . After the procedure 55 (80.9%) reported improvement or disappearance of @entity2704 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent strokes after @entity4616 closure are rare, and they occur more often in @entity1 over 40 years old at the time of closure. The @entity4616 closure results in @entity2704 subsiding or symptoms noticeably ameliorating.

title: " XXXX " and @entity64 recurrence in late follow-up after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure as secondary prevention of cryptogenic @entity1031 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine', 'migraines']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['PFO', 'Patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine side effect']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of bridging collateral vessels on the success of coronary angioplasty of @entity432 in the context of state of the art technology and operator skill. BACKGROUND: Coronary angioplasty of @entity432 has been associated with relatively low success rates. Because the presence of bridging collateral vessels in chronic @entity432 has been reported to be the major predictive factor in procedural failure, angioplasty is often not recommended in @entity1 with such vessels. METHODS: Three hundred ninety-seven consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic @entity432 were classified into two groups. @entity1 in group I had chronic @entity432 with bridging collateral vessels (97 @entity1 , 109 total occlusions), and @entity1 in group II had chronic @entity432 without such vessels (300 @entity1 , 324 total occlusions). RESULTS: The mean +/- SD duration of occlusion was 46 +/- 66 months (range 2 to 170) in group I and 27 +/- 39 months (range 2 to 112) in group II (p < 0.05, high power value 0.83, group I vs. group II). Angioplasty for @entity66 was performed in a smaller proportion of @entity1 in group I than in group II (22% vs. 36%, p < 0.05; power value 0.77). Procedural success was achieved in 82 @entity432 in group I and 270 @entity432 in group II (75% vs. 83%, p = 0.07; power value 0.53). The rates of @entity256 and reocclusion were 54% and 16%, respectively, for group I and 56% and 13%, respectively, for group II (p = 0.76, 0.46; power value 0.51, 0.47). Complications were minor with no Q wave @entity1188 or requirement for urgent bypass surgery in either group. Of 81 @entity1 with unsuccessful coronary angioplasty, 1 @entity1 from group I (1%) and 3 @entity1 from group II (1%) required pericardiocentesis because of @entity2293 . Guide wire manipulation did not impair the flow of bridging collateral channels in group I. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary angioplasty can open @entity432 , with or without bridging collateral channels, for safe and effective recanalization without major complications.

title: Coronary angioplasty of XXXX with bridging collateral vessels: immediate and follow-up outcome from a large single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion', 'chronic total occlusions']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['chronic total occlusions']


abstract: Previous studies have provided limited evidence for a harmful effect of high glycemic index and dietary glycemic load on @entity5 . The authors analyzed associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of @entity5 in @entity1 and @entity1 in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Published glycemic index values were assigned to 225 foods/food groups. Glycemic load was calculated by multiplying the glycemic index, @entity1735 content, and intake frequency of individual foods reported on a food frequency questionnaire. From 1995 through 2003, the authors identified 15,215 and 33,203 @entity5 cases in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. For @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, the relative risks for total @entity5 for high versus low glycemic index were 1.03 (P(trend)=0.217) and 1.04 (P(trend)=0.012) and, for glycemic load, were 0.90 (P(trend)=0.024) and 0.93 (P(trend)=0.01). Associations with total @entity5 held only among the overweight for glycemic index and among those of healthy weight for glycemic load. These findings suggest that glycemic index and glycemic load are not strong predictors of @entity5 incidence. The direction and small magnitude of associations might be explained by the manner in which high glycemic index and glycemic load track with overall diet and lifestyle patterns.

title: Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare strategies adopted by @entity2973 and @entity28 low-income mothers living in different vulnerable contexts to deal with food constraints and feed their families. DESIGN: Qualitative in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed with exploratory content analysis and the number of segments per theme was used to compare neighborhoods. SETTING: Three @entity258 in Santos, Brazil. @entity1 : A purposive sample of 21 @entity2973 or @entity28 mothers. RESULTS: We identified three main types of strategies, namely, food acquisition, cooking, and eating. Food acquisition included social support and food-sourcing strategies. Social support strategies ranged from macro (governmental programs) to micro (family) levels. Food-sourcing strategies involved price research and use of credit to buy foods. Cooking approaches included optimizing food (e.g., adding water to beans), avoiding wastefulness, and substitutions (e.g., using water instead of milk when making cakes). Eating themes ranged from lack of quantity to lack of quality. Strategies to deal with the lack of food were affected by family dynamics, such as prioritizing provision of fruits to @entity1 . Food choices (e.g., low consumption of fruits and high consumption of fatty meats) derived from strategies may help promote @entity2973 and @entity28 . Furthermore, for @entity1 , financial constraints were perceived as barriers to following nutritionists' recommendations and @entity353 . CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the barriers that low-income @entity1 face in adopting a healthy diet and sheds light on the importance of the symbolic value of food, even in the context of food insecurity. Finally, it suggests that environmental aspects could increase the accessibility to fruits and vegetables. These findings could be used to inform the planning and implementation of interventions.

title: Strategies used by @entity2973 and XXXX low-income mothers to feed their families in urban Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income neighborhoods']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic counterpulsation has been observed to reduce the rate of reocclusion of the @entity1188 after patency has been restored during acute @entity583 in observational studies. To evaluate the benefit-to-risk ratio of aortic counterpulsation during the early phase of @entity583 , a multicenter randomized clinical trial was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 who had patency restored during acute cardiac catheterization within the first 24 hours of onset of @entity583 were randomly assigned to aortic counterpulsation for 48 hours versus standard care. Intravenous heparin was used similarly in both groups and was continued for a median (25th, 75th percentile) of 5 (2,7) days. A total of 182 @entity1 were enrolled; 96 were assigned to aortic counterpulsation and 86 to standard care. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed at a median of 5 (4,6) days after randomization in 89% of @entity1 assigned to aortic counterpulsation and in 90% of control @entity1 . @entity1 randomized to aortic counterpulsation had similar rates of severe @entity548 complications (2% versus 1%), number of units of blood transfused (mean, 1.3 +/- 2.6 versus 0.9 +/- 1.8 units), and vascular repair or thrombectomy (5% versus 2%) compared with @entity1 treated in a conventional manner. @entity1 randomized to aortic counterpulsation had significantly less reocclusion of the @entity1188 during follow-up compared with control @entity1 (8% versus 21%, P < .03). In addition, there was a significantly lower event rate in @entity1 assigned to aortic counterpulsation in terms of a composite clinical end point ( @entity204 , @entity64 , reinfarction, need for emergency revascularization with angioplasty or bypass surgery, or recurrent @entity63 ): 13% versus 24%, P < .04. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial showed that careful use of prophylactic aortic counterpulsation can prevent reocclusion of the @entity1188 and improve overall clinical outcome in @entity1 undergoing acute cardiac catheterization during @entity583 .

title: Use of aortic counterpulsation to improve sustained coronary artery patency during acute XXXX . Results of a randomized trial. The Randomized IABP Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on distant disease-free interval (DDFI) and the localization of the first @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -associated @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 are as yet scarcely available. @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 57 @entity5345 -associated and 31 @entity2674 -associated @entity0 @entity1 , diagnosed between 1980 and 2001, and developing @entity3 disease before 2004, July 1. DDFI, the site(s) of first @entity3 and post-relapse survival of these @entity1 were compared with those of 192 sporadic @entity0 @entity1 . RESULTS: As compared to sporadic @entity1 , @entity5345 @entity1 developed less often bone @entity3 (30% vs. 51%; P = 0.005), but tended to develop more often lung @entity3 (26% vs. 16%; P = 0.07), and @entity3 at multiple sites (44% vs. 32%; P = 0.11). In @entity2674 -associated compared to sporadic @entity1 , first @entity3 more commonly occurred in lymph nodes (23% vs. 7%; P = 0.007) and at multiple sites (48% vs. 32%; P = 0.08). Adjuvant systemic therapy appeared to be most effective in @entity2674 mutation carriers. Post-relapse survival was worse for @entity5345 - and better for @entity2674 -associated @entity1 as compared to sporadic @entity1 , but differences disappeared after adjustment for ER-status, site of first @entity3 and DDFI. CONCLUSION: The site of first @entity3 is different between @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -associated and sporadic @entity0 @entity1 . Differences in post-relapse survival could be explained by differences in site of first @entity3 , in ER-status and in DDFI. Treatment efficacy may differ dependent on genetic status.

title: Distant disease-free interval, site of first relapse and post-relapse survival in XXXX - and @entity2674 -associated compared to @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity463 is a common primary @entity1313 with a poor but variable prognosis. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of MR perfusion imaging by using arterial spin-labeling for determining the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling with 3D background-suppressed gradient and spin-echo was acquired before surgery on 53 @entity1 subsequently diagnosed with @entity463 . The calculated CBF color maps were visually evaluated by 3 independent readers blinded to @entity1 history. Pathologic and survival data were correlated with CBF map findings. Arterial spin-labeling values in @entity5 tissue were also quantified by using manual fixed-size ROIs. RESULTS: Two perfusion patterns were characterized by visual evaluation of CBF maps on the basis of either the presence (pattern 1) or absence (pattern 2) of substantial hyperperfused @entity5 tissue. Evaluation of the perfusion patterns was highly concordant among the 3 readers (k = 0.898, P < .001). Pattern 1 (versus pattern 2) was associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis (median progression-free survival of 182 days versus 485 days, P < .01) and trended with shorter overall survival (P = .079). There was a significant association between pattern 1 and @entity470 variant III expression (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative evaluation of arterial spin-labeling CBF maps can be used to stratify survival and predict @entity470 variant III expression in @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion MRI Stratifies Progression-Free Survival and Correlates with XXXX Status in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7133 Background: @entity1311 Injectable Emulsion (PIE; TOCOSOL @entity1311 ) is a convenient, ready-to-use, Cremophor-free unmodified @entity1311 product administered over 15 min. METHODS: As part of a Phase 2A program, a multicenter study of 2nd line, single agent PIE was performed in pts with Stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 . First line chemo had to have resulted in stable disease or an objective response (OR). PIE was given IV over 15 min weekly. Dose cohorts were 80, 100, and 120 mg/m(2). RESULTS: 43 pts were enrolled: median age = 58 yrs; 33/10 M/F; median ECOG PS=1; 11/31 Stage IIIB/IV (one IIIA @entity1 is included in safety but not efficacy analysis). Prior chemo was non- @entity902 -based in 12 early pts, but all subsequent pts had @entity902 -based chemotherapy, 24 also with @entity2879 , @entity1206 or @entity136 . By study design, 6 pts received 80, 6, 100 and 31, 120 mg/m(2)/wk. Therapy has been completed, but follow-up for progression and survival continues. Grade 3-4 @entity137 observed in more than 5% of pts across the entire Phase 2A program (n=145) included @entity1398 (G3 17%; G4 16%; febrile 2%), @entity417 (G3 11%; G4 1%), @entity1897 (G3 9%; G4 0%) and @entity1353 (G3 4%; G4 1%). Infusion related symptoms were generally mild and resolved without treatment if the infusion was interrupted for several minutes. In the @entity1149 study, pts received PIE for 1 to 53 (median 15) weeks. PIE was discontinued in 24 pts for progressive disease, in 7 for unspecified reasons and in 2 for adverse events; 5 pts died, 3 completed planned therapy, and 2 were withdrawn by the investigator. OR by RECIST and preliminary time to disease progression (with 36% of @entity1 still censored) are summarized in the table. CONCLUSION: PIE given weekly by 15-min infusion is well tolerated and shows encouraging efficacy in pts with Stage IIIB/ IV @entity1149 who have progressed after @entity902 -based therapy. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].

title: @entity1311 injectable emulsion: Phase 2a study of weekly administration in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['navelbine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to @entity65 . Chondrocyte-like transformation of VSMCs associates with @entity729 and underlies the formation of @entity2333 induced in @entity19 by genetic loss of @entity45818 ( @entity45818 ). Previous microarray analysis identified a dramatic downregulation of @entity26215 in calcified @entity45818 -null aortae, suggesting an antagonistic role for @entity26215 in the chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs. APPROACH AND RESULTS: @entity26215 is significantly downregulated in @entity45818 -null aortae, before the histological appearance of @entity4648 , and in primary @entity45818 -null VSMCs. In contrast, intrinsic @entity641 is activated in @entity45818 -null VSMCs and is necessary for spontaneous chondrogenesis of these cells in high-density micromass cultures. @entity11580 -induced chondrogenic transformation in wild-type VSMCs associates with @entity642 -dependent @entity26215 downregulation, but @entity26215 does not suppress @entity11580 -induced Smad activation. In addition, @entity11580 inhibits Notch signaling in wild-type VSMCs, and this pathway is downregulated in @entity45818 -null aortae. Exogenous @entity26215 stimulates Notch activity and attenuates @entity11580 -induced downregulation of Notch in wild-type VSMCs, prevents chondrogenesis in @entity45818 -null and @entity11580 -treated wild-type VSMCs, and stabilizes expression of contractile markers of differentiated VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a novel @entity641 - @entity26215 -Notch signaling conduit in the chondrocyte-like transformation of VSMCs and identify endogenous @entity641 activity in @entity45818 -null VSMCs as a critical mediator of chondrogenesis. Our proposed model suggests that the activated @entity641 pathway inhibits expression of @entity26215 , which is a positive regulator of Notch signaling and a stabilizer of VSMC phenotype. These data advance the comprehensive mechanistic understanding of VSMC transformation and may identify a novel potential therapeutic target in @entity729 .

title: @entity26215 Attenuates XXXX -Induced Chondrogenic Transformation in Vascular Smooth Muscle.

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic cartilaginous metaplasia']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TGFb']


abstract: Further analysis of the data obtained from 190 unselected autopsies at the University of Cairo (Faculty of Medicine) hospitals reinforces our conclusion that a high prevalence of @entity14454 leads to @entity281 intensity causing severe @entity3551 and mortality, both directly and by way of complications and sequelae. Based on histological study, two stages of @entity14454 must be considered in epidemiological work: "active disease", characterized by significant egg excretion; and "inactive disease", in which eggs are excreted rarely. The proportion between active and inactive cases is progressively reversed with advancing age, while mean tissue egg burdens rise, plateau, and ultimately decrease, most sharply beyond 50 years of age. A model of the progression of active disease has been derived from the relations of individual organ egg burdens to overall @entity281 intensity, showing that both the onset and the termination of oviposition probably begin in the urinary bladder and spread centrifugally. Therefore, extravesical activity may persist longer than bladder activity. Severe @entity3551 and mortality occur at all stages of the disease and depend principally, but not exclusively, on egg burden, i.e., on @entity281 intensity. Correlations of @entity281 intensity with degree of @entity3551 show that severe disease is quantitatively separable from incidental disease by its tissue egg burdens and lesions. However, the factors determining death from @entity14454 are only partly understood. They include bilateral @entity3551 and, probably, focal egg concentrations leading to rapid obstruction, such as aberrantly high egg burdens in the left ureter relative to those in the bladder. Analysis of epidemiologically homogeneous population groups reveals close mutual relationships between the total frequency of @entity281 (active plus inactive), the intensity of @entity281 , and the frequency of severe @entity3551 . A statistical model predicts that any rise in frequency beyond a 30% threshold will result in a linear increase in the frequency of severe disease, whereas below that threshold the bulk of infections will be incidental. These insights, applicable only to pathological material, must be complemented by efforts to establish clinical and laboratory criteria defining the severity and stages of @entity14454 in living @entity1 , and to examine their population dynamics, so that effects of therapeutic and preventive measures may be evalulated more precisely.

title: A quantitative post mortem analysis of XXXX in Egypt. II. Evolution and epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['upper obstructive uropathy', 'uropathy']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity14454 :: (MESH:D012553,Disease) :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We tested the efficacy of two drug treatments, @entity6237 (F) and the combination ofdiltiazem and @entity1169 (D/P), administered as a single oral dose for termination of the arrhythmic episodes. BACKGROUND: Both prophylactic drug therapy and catheter ablation are questionable as first-line treatments in @entity1 with infrequent and well-tolerated episodes of @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ). METHODS: Among 42 eligible @entity1 (13% of all screened for @entity4710 ) with infrequent (< or =5/year), well-tolerated and long-lasting episodes, 37 were enrolled and 33 had @entity4710 inducible during electrophysiological study. In the latter, three treatments (placebo, F, and D/P) were administered in a random order 5 min after @entity4710 induction on three different days. RESULTS: Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred within 2 h in 52%, 61%, and 94% of @entity1 on placebo, F and D/P, respectively (p < 0.001). The conversion time was shorter after D/P (32 +/- 22 min) than after placebo (77 +/- 42 min, p < 0.001) or F (74 +/- 37 min, p < 0.001). Four @entity1 (1 placebo, 1 D/P, and 2 F) had @entity551 and four (3 D/P and 1 F) a sinus rate <50 beats/min following @entity4710 interruption. @entity1 were discharged on a single oral dose of the most effective drug treatment (F or D/P) at time of acute testing. Twenty-six @entity1 were discharged on D/P and five on F. During 17 +/- 12 months follow-up, the treatment was successful in 81% of D/P @entity1 and in 80% of F @entity1 , as all the arrhythmic episodes were interrupted out-of-hospital within 2 h. In the remaining @entity1 , a failure occurred during one or more episodes because of drug ineffectiveness or drug unavailability. One @entity1 had @entity1163 after D/P ingestion. During follow-up, the percentage of @entity1 calling for emergency room assistance was significantly reduced as compared to the year before enrollment (9% vs. 100%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The episodic treatment with oral D/P and F, as assessed during acute testing, appears effective in the management of selected @entity1 with @entity4710 . This therapeutic strategy minimizes the need for emergency room admissions during @entity591 recurrences.

title: Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital self-administered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, well-tolerated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Two alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha 1A and alpha 1B) have been distinguished by competitive antagonists and the alkylating agent @entity19170 . The @entity19170 -insensitive subtype (alpha 1A) has been suggested to selectively activate @entity141 influx through @entity7236 -sensitive channels in smooth muscle. We compared the effects of @entity19170 and @entity594 on contractile responses to @entity1063 (NE) in @entity35 blood vessels. Pretreatment with @entity19170 caused a large shift to the right and decrease in maximum for NE-induced contractions of @entity35 aorta, however, @entity594 had no effect in this tissue. @entity19170 had no effect on NE-induced contractions of @entity35 renal arteries, which were almost completely abolished by @entity594 . Both @entity19170 and @entity594 partially attenuated NE-induced contractions in @entity35 mesenteric artery and portal vein. Addition of @entity594 abolished residual contractions remaining after @entity19170 pretreatment in all four types of vessels. The pA2 for the competitive antagonist @entity13397 was highest in renal artery and lowest in aorta. These results suggest that the sensitivity of @entity35 blood vessels to @entity19170 is inversely related to their sensitivity to @entity594 , and support the existence of two alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in @entity35 blood vessels. @entity35 aorta appears to contain primarily alpha 1B receptors, renal artery primarily alpha 1A, and mesenteric artery and portal vein mixtures alpha 1A of and alpha 1B.

title: Subtypes of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in XXXX blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity19170 :: ('MESH:C051731', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroethylclonidine', 'Chloroethylclonidine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with @entity2213 treatment in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out by the Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. The study was carried out from March 2012 to February 2014. The ADRs were reported in a suspected Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting form, provided by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The ADRs were analyzed for their pattern, causality and severity. RESULTS: A total of 326 ADRs from 81 @entity1 were reported during the study period. The hematological @entity137 were much more prominent than the non-hematological @entity137 in this study. The prevalence of @entity882 (21.17%) was higher compared with other reactions. Further analysis showed that most of the ADRs were mild to moderate in nature. The causality assessment revealed that the majority of the ADRs belonged to the possible category. CONCLUSION: The present study in a tertiary care hospital suggests that hematological @entity137 are predominant in @entity1860 @entity1 treated with @entity2213 . The blood and lymphatic system (38.96%) was the most affected, with @entity2213 therapy and @entity882 (21.17%) being the most commonly encountered ADRs in the present study. Thorough monitoring of ADRs is warranted for better treatment outcomes.

title: Adverse drug reactions of @entity2213 in @entity1 with XXXX : A single-center surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: @entity170 is a skeletal disease associated with an imbalance between formation and resorption, leading to net loss of bone mass, loss of bone microarchitecture, and development of @entity174 . Bone resorption is primarily due to an activation of osteoclastogenesis and an increase in @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) expression, a cytokine involved in the final pathway of the osteoclast cycle.Recent studies of @entity74 led to the discovery of the wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway that plays a major role in bone formation. Further work showed that sclerostin produced by osteocytes and the @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ) protein secreted in bone were negative regulators of the Wnt signaling bone formation pathway that act directly by binding to the co-receptors @entity8950 and @entity17656 of WnT and thereby inhibiting the anabolic Wnt pathway. This understanding of the bone remodeling led to the discovery of new biological drugs that target these pathways and have been evaluated in clinical trials.The current article discusses the role of these newer "biological" agents in management of @entity170 . Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds @entity5298 , blocks the binding of RANK to its ligand markedly reducing bone resorption, increases bone density, and reduces @entity174 and is approved for @entity170 . Parathyroid hormone PTH 1-34 (teriparatide) stimulates bone formation through inhibition of sclerostin, @entity5741 , and frizzled protein; increases BMD; improves microarchitecture; and decreases @entity174 and is approved for @entity170 . The anti-sclerostin antibodies (romosozumab, blosozumab) increase bone mass by neutralizing the negative effects of sclerostin on the Wnt signaling pathway. These biologics are being evaluated now in a clinical trial and early data looks promising. @entity3336 is a proteolytic enzyme that degrades bone matrix and inhibitors such as odanacatib show increasing bone density and perhaps decreased @entity174 . The potential power of combining these newer antiresorptives with the newer anabolic agents could theoretically increase bone mass rapidly to normal within 1  year and reduce @entity174 . These newer treatments are revolutionizing the management of @entity170 .

title: Biological agents in management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was assessment of the preoperative staging of @entity189 with MR with double surface coil, MR with endorectal coil, and intrarectal ultrasound (IUS) as correlated with histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity189 had preoperative evaluation using intrarectal ultrasound (all 15 @entity1 ), MR with double surface coil alone (6 @entity1 ), and MR with double surface coil combined with endorectal surface coil (9 @entity1 ). The results of the preoperative staging were correlated with the histopathologic findings. RESULTS: IUS correctly staged the depth of bowel wall invasion in 10 of 15 @entity1 , understaged 4, and overstaged 1. MRI correctly staged 10 of 15 @entity1 . Without the endorectal surface coil, three of six were correct, and with endorectal surface coil seven of nine. MR with the endorectal surface coil is able to show the rectal wall in more detail than the double surface coil. CONCLUSION: Endorectal surface coil MRI provides increased detail of the rectal wall, leading to better delineation of its different layers. This may lead to better staging results than with other MR techniques. The results with endorectal MRI probably equal those of IUS for staging small @entity5 in the rectal wall. MR with the double surface coil gives additional information about @entity5 spread in more advanced cases.

title: Staging of XXXX using MR double surface coil, MR endorectal coil, and intrarectal ultrasound: correlation with histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: We used bone turnover markers to identify @entity1 who responded to @entity5520 treatment for @entity170 . Response was more likely with @entity561 and @entity7923 than @entity562 . There was a greater decrease in bone markers if baseline bone turnover markers were higher and if the @entity1 took more than 80  % of her medication. INTRODUCTION: Biochemical response to @entity5520 therapy can be assessed using either a @entity79 marker beyond the least significant change (LSC) or a reduction to within a reference interval (RI). We compared the performance of these target responses and determined whether response was related to the type of @entity5520 , compliance and baseline bone turnover markers. METHODS: Biochemical responses to three oral @entity171 were assessed in an open, controlled trial comprising 172 postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity1 (age 53-84  years), randomised to @entity561 , @entity7923 or @entity562 , plus @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation for 2  years. The LSC for each marker was derived within the study population, whereas RIs were obtained from a control group of healthy premenopausal @entity1 (age 35-40  years). RESULTS: Over 70  % of @entity1 achieved a target response for serum CTX and PINP, irrespective of the approach used. The percentage decrease at 12  weeks was greater for @entity1 with baseline PINP above the RI -63  % (difference 13  %, 95  % CI 0 to 27.1, P   =   0.049) and good compliance -67  % (difference 15.9  %, 95  % CI 6.3 to 25.5, P   =   0.001). Responders had a greater increase in spine bone density compared to nonresponders; for example 6.2 vs. 2.3  % (difference 3.9  %, 95  % CI 1.6 to 6.3, P   =   0.0011) for PINP LSC. The magnitude of change in bone markers was greater with @entity7923 and @entity561 than @entity562 . CONCLUSIONS: Both approaches to response identified similar proportions of @entity1 as responders. Nonresponders had smaller increases in BMD, and we suggest that biochemical assessment of response is a useful tool for the management of @entity1 with @entity170 .

title: Response of bone turnover markers to three oral XXXX therapies in @entity170 : the TRIO study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7923 :: ('MESH:C073007', 'Chemical') :: ['ibandronate']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity5520 :: (D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonate']


abstract: It is thought that natural killer cells may play a role in graft-vs.-host reactions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but the use of NK cell-specific reagents has been limited. In this report, an NK allele-specific monoclonal antibody, anti- @entity11386 , was used to study the impact of in vivo donor NK cell depletion on @entity66 , graft-vs.- @entity1778 (GVL) reactivity and donor T cell chimerism after allogeneic @entity19 BMT. AKR/J (H-2k) recipient @entity19 were preconditioned with suboptimal irradiation (9 Gy = LD50) and transplanted with major histocompatibility complex-matched B10.BR (H-2k) BM cells with or without added spleen cells as a source of T cells. The addition of increasing numbers of spleen cells to the BM inoculum produced GVHD of varying intensities. The beneficial effect of NK depletion on GVHD was dependent on the intensity of the GVH reaction. Donor NK cell depletion had no effect on the survival of @entity19 with severe GVHD after MHC-matched BMT (B10.BR into AKR) or after MHC-mismatched BMT (B10.BR into DBA/2; @entity8200 k into H-2d). However, donor NK depletion increased survival of AKR hosts given sufficient B10.BR splenic T cells to induce mild-to-moderate GVHD. Ex vivo depletion of donor CD8+ T cells also reduced GVH-associated mortality, but the use of both CD8 and NK depletion offered no improvement over either alone, suggesting an interaction between CD8+ and @entity11386 + cells. In contrast to CD8 depletion, donor NK depletion did not compromise the rapid and complete establishment of donor T cell chimerism nor the ability of chimeras to mount an effective GVL reaction. Thus, elimination of donor NK cells provides an alternate strategy for reducing GVHD without loss of GVL reactivity following MHC-matched allogeneic BMT.

title: A decrease in graft-vs.-host disease without XXXX reactivity after MHC-matched bone marrow transplantation by selective depletion of donor NK cells in vivo.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['GVH disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['loss of graft-vs.-leukemia']


abstract: Comparative sequence analysis of 40% of the genomes from two prototype @entity5858 bacteriophages (lytic group I phage phi Sfi19 and the cos site containing temperate phage phi Sfi21) suggested two processes in the evolution of their genomes. In a first evolutionarily distant phase the basic genome structure was apparently constituted by modular exchanges. Over the 17-kb-long DNA segment analyzed in the present report, we observed clusters of genes with similarity to genes from @entity26412 phage L10, @entity43065 , and @entity328 phage Dp-1. A chimeric protein was predicted for orf 1291 which showed similarity to both phage BK5-T and phage Dp-1 proteins. The very large orf 1626 gene product showed similarity to two adjacent genes from the @entity6043 phage LL-H and further phage proteins ( @entity7878 , Bacillus subtills). The similarities were localized to distinct parts of this apparently multifunctional protein. The putative phi Sfi19 lysin showed similarity to both lysins of phages and cellular enzymes. In a second, evolutionarily more recent, phase the @entity5859 phage genomes apparently diversified by point mutations and small deletions/insertions. Over the investigated 17-kb DNA region phi Sfi19 differed from phi Sfi21 by 10% base pair changes, the majority of which were point mutations (mainly at the third codon position), while a third of the base pair differences were contributed by small deletions/insertions. The base pair changes were unevenly distributed. Over the Leuconostoc phage-related DNA the change rate was high, while over the @entity43065 and @entity2260 phage-related DNA the change rate was low. We speculate that the degree of base pair change could provide relative time scales for the modular exchange reactions observed in @entity5859 phages.

title: Evolution of XXXX bacteriophage genomes by modular exchanges followed by point mutations and small deletions and insertions.

entities_list: @entity43065 :: ('31754', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis phage BK5-T', 'Lactococcus']

entities_list: @entity26412 :: ('1247', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc oenos']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S, thermophilus', 'S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity6043 :: ('1584', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Species) :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']


abstract: A 34-year-old female presented with @entity221 and @entity490 . Past medical history includes @entity30 . Examination revealed multiple skin ulcerations, oral aphthae, and bilateral coarse rales. She developed @entity649 with diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph requiring intubation. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 132. The chest computed tomography revealed extensive nodular and patchy ground-glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a predominance of neutrophils. Methylprednisolone 60 mg every 6 h and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were initiated. No infectious etiologies were identified. Surgical lung biopsy demonstrated @entity16 ( @entity16 ) mixed with lymphocytic and @entity1333 with multiple small @entity1188 and thrombi consistent with @entity1333 . As she improved, steroids were tapered and discharged home on oral cyclophosphamide. @entity358 in Behcet's is unusual and commonly manifests as @entity438 , @entity715 , @entity1188 , and @entity548 . Lung biopsy findings demonstrating @entity16 are consistent with the clinical diagnosis of @entity4479 @entity649 . The additional findings of @entity1333 and @entity1188 may have led to @entity16 .

title: Surgical lung biopsy to diagnose @entity1333 with XXXX @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', "Behcet's vasculitis"]

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'DAD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's and Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity4479 :: (MESH:C538052,Disease) :: ['adult']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied whether a single instillation of @entity1259 after transurethral @entity150 resection would influence the interval to and size of the first recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 404 @entity1 from 13 hospitals were randomized to 1 instillation of 50 mg @entity1259 or placebo within 6 hours after transurethral resection of @entity150 . RESULTS: Of 155 evaluable @entity1 in the @entity1259 group 79 (51.0%) had recurrence compared to 95 of 152 (62.5%) in the placebo group (p = 0.04). Of the recurrences 63.3% were small (1 to 5 mm). @entity5 size was unknown in 5 @entity1 . Of 79 @entity1 with recurrence in the @entity1259 arm 33 (42.9%) vs 29 (31.5%) of 95 in the placebo arm had larger (more than 5 mm) first recurrences (p = 0.12). Approximately half of the @entity1 with first recurrences were treated as outpatients and the other half spent a total of 145 days in the hospital with no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the results of previous studies showing that 8.5 @entity1 must be treated with a single instillation to prevent 1 recurrence. Furthermore, our data may indicate that only small recurrences are prevented, which could easily be fulgurated using local anesthesia at followup cystoscopy. The benefit of single instillations can be questioned if this finding is confirmed by others.

title: A single instillation of @entity1259 after transurethral resection of XXXX prevents only small recurrences.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: AIMS: @entity36394 is a potent @entity112 -producing micro-organism. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage Phda1 that infected @entity36394 to inhibit its growth and @entity112 accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Phda1 was isolated from a raw oyster, and the host range, morphology and the bacteriophage genome size were analysed. Phda1 formed a clear plaque only against @entity36394 JCM8969 among five Gram-positive and 32 Gram-negative bacterial strains tested. Phda1 belongs to the family Myoviridae, and its genome size was estimated as 35  2-39  5  kb. According to the one-step growth curve analysis, the latent period, rise period and burst size of Phda1 were 60  min, 50  min and 19  plaque-forming units per infected cell, respectively. Divalent cations, especially @entity141 and @entity1025 , strongly improved Phda1 adsorption to the host cells and its propagation. Phda1 treatment delayed the growth and @entity112 production of @entity36394 in an in  vitro challenge test. CONCLUSIONS: The bacteriophage Phda1 might serve as a potential antimicrobial agent to inhibit the @entity112 poisoning caused by @entity36394 . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first description of a bacteriophage specifically infecting @entity36394 and its potential applications. Bacteriophage therapy could prove useful in the prevention of @entity112 poisoning.

title: Characterization of a novel bacteriophage, Phda1, infecting the XXXX -producing Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.

entities_list: @entity36394 :: ('85581', 'Species') :: ['Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae', 'P.  damselae subsp. damselae']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new definition of infiltration to the capsule (fc-inf) has been proposed as a novel marker for predicting the prognosis of 88 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The current aim was to present evidence to develop the fibrous capsule and fc-inf, from the Japanese histological findings for @entity157 , and to validate their biological significances and predictive power of survival in a large series. METHODS: A total of 365 HCCs were divided into HCCs without the fibrous capsule (NC type; n = 135) and HCCs with the fibrous capsule (FC type; n = 230). Then, FC type was subclassified into two types: extracapsular infiltrating (EC) type (n = 125), in which @entity5 cells penetrated outside the fibrous capsule, and intracapsular (IC) type (n = 105), in which the infiltrating @entity5 cells stayed inside the fibrous capsule. RESULTS: The proportion of less histological differentiation and portal venous invasion was higher in FC type than in NC type. The fibrous capsule came to be observed according to the increase of @entity5 size (P < 0.0001). FC type had significantly poorer outcome for overall survival than NC type (P = 0.0022). EC type showed more intrahepatic metastasis than IC type. The macroscopic subclassifications were significantly affected the presence of fc-inf. EC type had significantly poorer outcome for disease-free survival than IC type (P = 0.0132) and was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.0482). CONCLUSIONS: Fc-inf defined as extracapsular penetration was verified to be a novel marker for predicting prognosis, and presence of fc-inf might be predicted by @entity5 gross features.

title: Both fibrous capsule formation and extracapsular penetration are powerful predictors of poor survival in XXXX @entity157 : a histological assessment of 365 @entity1 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment of @entity1157 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to discern the factors affecting outcome. DESIGN: An analysis of the treatment of 88 @entity1 with laparoscopic @entity1157 . SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Eighty-eight @entity1 with major @entity1157 following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success of treatment, morbidity rate, mortality rate, and length of illness. RESULTS: Operations to repair @entity1157 were unsuccessful in 27 (96%) of 28 procedures when cholangiograms were not obtained preoperatively, and they were unsuccessful in 69% when cholangiographic data were incomplete. In some cases, lack of complete cholangiographic information led to an inappropriate and harmful operation. When cholangiographic data were complete, the first repair was successful in 16 (84%) of 19 @entity1 . A primary end-to-end repair over a T tube (13 @entity1 ) was unsuccessful in every case in which the duct had been divided. Direct closure of a partial defect in the duct was successful in four of seven @entity1 . Fifty-four (63%) of 84 Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomies were successful. Factors responsible for the unsuccessful outcomes were the following: incomplete excision of the scarred duct, use of nonabsorbable suture material, use of two-layer @entity254 , and failure to eradicate @entity281 before the attempted repair. @entity384 and stenting was uniformly unsuccessful as primary treatment (three @entity1 ) and was unsuccessful in only seven of 26 @entity1 following a previous operative repair. @entity1 first treated by the primary surgeon had an average length of illness of 222 days (P < .01). Only 17% of primary repair attempts and no secondary repair attempts performed by the laparoscopic surgeon were successful. @entity1 whose first repair was performed by tertiary care biliary surgeons had a length of illness of 78 days (P < .01), and 45 (94%) of 48 repairs by tertiary care biliary surgeons were successful. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons who specialize in the repair of @entity1157 achieve much better results than those with less experience. The worse results of other surgeons could be attributed in many instances to specific correctable errors. Nonsurgical treatment was usually unsuccessful and substantially increased the duration of disability.

title: XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Factors that influence the results of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injuries']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['subhepatic infection']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile duct injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), the natural progression to @entity3979 in @entity573 is not well defined and remains a potential cause of long-term morbidity. We present a novel study, at a US tertiary paediatric care centre, identifying risk factors for @entity850 . METHODS: We reviewed charts of all @entity1 who underwent cardiac catheterisation for coronary artery abnormalities, from 1998 to January 2014, at a tertiary paediatric care centre. Demographic and diagnostic data included time intervals to echocardiographic changes and confirmed catheterisation cases of @entity850 . Multivariate survival analysis was used to evaluate risk factors with @entity850 formation as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and 18 (34.6%) developed @entity850 . Only those with @entity574 ( @entity574 ) developed @entity850 , with the highest risk group overall being @entity1 under the age of 6   months (hazard ratio (HR) 2.82 3.79, p=0.004). In a subset of only cases of @entity574 (33), a majority went on to develop @entity850 (18/33). Median time to diagnosis was 190   days. In this group, @entity1 under the age of 6   months were again at highest risk (HR 2.62, p=0.04). IVIG administration, sex and ethnicity were not statistically significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study demonstrates a relatively high incidence of @entity850 in @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity301 . Overall, a majority of cases with @entity574 progressed into @entity850 , with @entity1 under the age of 6   months being at highest risk.

title: @entity3979 risk and time course in XXXX @entity1 : experience at a US tertiary pediatric centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant coronary aneurysms', 'GCA']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: Allergic characteristics were investigated in @entity565 @entity1 older than 60 years of age. Among these @entity748 @entity1 : 1. About 37% showed negative immediate skin response to all antigen extracts tested. 2. The frequency of positive immediate skin response to house dust, house dust mite, @entity12261 and Alternaria decreased with aging. 3. There was no difference in the frequency of positive immediate skin response to Candida antigen among @entity1 in different age groups. Candida was the antigen that most frequently produced positive immediate skin response among the @entity1 over 50 years old. 4. There was no difference between skin-positive elderly asthmatics and young asthmatics in the frequency of positive IgE antibody titer, bronchial response, conjunctival response and @entity112 release from peripheral leukocytes by specific antigens. These findings show that @entity1097 are less frequently found in elderly @entity748 @entity1 than in young @entity1 . Nevertheless, there is no difference in the characteristics of atopy, except in the response to Candida antigen.

title: [Allergic characteristics of XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthmatics']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: Cytogenetic and molecular analyses are essential for the classification of childhood @entity1583 . Nearly all @entity1 with @entity1778 should have an adequate cytogenetic analysis which in 80-90% is expected to show @entity2008 . Moreover, with the availability of appropriate gene probes and sophisticated molecular techniques, genetic rearrangements become detectable in the majority of @entity1778 @entity1 . @entity74 often associate with particular clinical-biological characteristics of the disease. In @entity981 , for example, genetic alterations together with distinct immunologic and clinical features, define various subgroups. In AML, unique cytogenetic rearrangements have been identified and associated with distinct morphological subgroups. Apart from the diagnostic assessment, cytogenetic studies provide valuable prognostic information which may influence treatment choices. Molecular analysis has also become of important value in the management of @entity1 with @entity1778 , as it serves, for example, to identify @entity74 not detected by chromosomal analysis and to monitor @entity66 during treatment and follow-up. Thus, genetic analyses of leukemic cells provide information of clinical relevance as well as contributing to our understanding of leukemogenesis. Alternative classifications of @entity3052 which take into account genetic information are being proposed. The available cytogenetic and molecular data have then to be included in clinical protocols, either by selecting individualized therapies in certain @entity1778 subtypes or by modifying treatment according to quantification of @entity66 . We are closer to our main goal which is not only to classify 100% of childhood @entity1778 accurately, but to cure all of them.

title: Molecular cytogenetics of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic abnormalities', 'genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibody responses to @entity311 antigens reflect exposure to parasites, and seroprevalence correlates with @entity311 transmission intensity. Antibodies are routinely measured in sera or on dried blood spots but a non-invasive method would provide extra utility in sampling general populations. Saliva is already in use in the detection of plasma-derived IgM and IgG to @entity1800 . In this study, antibodies to @entity3964 falciparum merozoite antigens were compared between blood and saliva samples from the same individuals in unlinked surveys conducted in Tanzania and The Gambia. METHODS: In Tanzania, 53 individuals provided paired fingerprick blood and saliva sample using two commercially available sampling devices. In the Gambia, archived plasma and saliva samples collected from 200 @entity1 in the Farafenni area in a cross-sectional survey were analyzed.IgG antibodies against P. falciparum antigens, Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-119) and Apical membrane Antigen (AMA-1) were measured by ELISA in paired saliva and blood samples from both sites. Antibody levels were compared as continuous optical density (OD) values and by sero-positivity. RESULTS: Significant correlations between saliva and plasma antibody levels were seen in Tanzania for both antigens, AMA-1(r2 range 0.93 to 0.89, p < 0.001) and MSP-119 (r2 range 0.93 to 0.75, p < 0.001), with a weaker correlation for results from The Gambia (r2range 0.64 to 0.63, p < 0.01). When assessed as seropositivity and compared with plasma, sensitivity and specificity were good with saliva antibody levels to both AMA-1 and MSP-1(19) (sensitivity range 64-77% and specificity range 91-100% _ 47-67% and 90-97% respectively) over the different sample sets. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate anti-malarial antibodies can be detected in saliva and correlate strongly with levels in plasma. This non-invasive relatively simple collection method will be potentially useful for general population surveys, and particularly in migratory populations or those with infrequent contact with health services or opposed to blood withdrawal. Further studies will be needed to optimize collection methods, standardize volumes and content and develop controls.

title: @entity1 saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is a disorder characterized by repetitive lancinating @entity158 along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve and is commonly triggered by chewing and manipulation of the gums. The second and third divisions are most commonly affected. Due to these symptoms, @entity1 are likely to consult their local dentist when symptoms first develop and may receive further dental evaluation and treatment before they are referred to a neurologist or neurosurgeon. We sought to answer questions regarding evaluation and possible dental treatment as well as referral patterns in @entity4254 @entity1 . Using a surgical database, we obtained data of @entity1 undergoing an intervention for @entity4254 . Telephone interviews were conducted, focusing on initial evaluation and possible dental treatment, on referral patterns, and on present status. Secondly, a written questionnaire was mailed to local dentists. Eighty-two percutaneous rhizotomies and 33 microvascular decompressions were performed in 99 @entity4254 @entity1 . Of 92 @entity1 contacted, 51 were alive and willing to participate. Two thirds reported being @entity158 -free. Forty-one @entity1 (82  %) initially consulted their dentist; of these, 27 @entity1 received invasive dental treatment for the @entity158 , including extractions, root canal treatments, and implants. Of 98 local dentists contacted, 51 responded, with three quarters feeling competent in evaluating @entity4254 . A high percentage of @entity1 that are surgically treated for @entity4254 consult their dentist first and receive possibly unjustified dental treatment. Differential diagnoses include odontogenic @entity158 syndromes as well as atypical @entity158 . The present literature acknowledges difficulties in correctly diagnosing @entity4254 , but seems to underestimate the extent.

title: Unnecessary dental procedures as a consequence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain', 'pain syndrome']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: The implementation of neonatal hearing screening has enabled early detection and intervention in @entity393 . The use of @entity392 ( @entity392 ) and auditory brainstem response testing in universal screening has led to the recognition of this recently described disorder called @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ). This diagnosis indicates that the @entity1 has significant @entity393 despite having normal outer hair cells in the cochlea. We reviewed the characteristics and natural history of nine @entity1 detected to have @entity2167 from universal newborn hearing screening in a national pediatric hospital. Fifty-two cases of @entity393 were detected from 14,807 consecutively screened cases. Of the 52 cases, 9 had electrophysiological test results consistent with @entity2167 . They include both premature @entity1 who had major neonatal complications and term @entity1 with no perinatal complications. Six cases had bilateral and three cases had unilateral findings. We suggest that @entity2167 can occur in low-risk @entity1 and hence screening of high-risk cases alone is insufficient. Our findings are discussed with reference to the current literature.

title: XXXX /auditory dys-synchrony detected by universal newborn hearing screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['otoacoustic emissions', 'OAE']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy/auditory dys-synchrony', 'AN/AD']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['Auditory neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Members of the genus Mycobacterium are the most prevalent cause of @entity166 . Mycobacteria have a complex cell envelope containing a peptidoglycan layer and an additional arabinogalactan polymer to which a @entity14838 bilayer is linked; this complex, multilayered cell wall composition ( @entity62152 ) is conserved among all CMN group bacteria. The arabinogalactan and @entity14838 synthesis pathways constitute effective drug targets for @entity378 treatment. @entity3110 ( @entity18794 ), a classical antituberculosis drug, inhibits the synthesis of the @entity4583 polymer. Although @entity18794 acts bacteriostatically, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used @entity9150 and Mycobacterium phlei as model organisms to study the effects of @entity18794 at the single-cell level. Our results demonstrate that @entity18794 specifically blocks apical cell wall synthesis, but not cell division, explaining the bacteriostatic effect of @entity18794 . Furthermore, the data suggest that members of the family Corynebacterineae have two dedicated machineries for cell elongation (elongasome) and cytokinesis (divisome). IMPORTANCE: Antibiotic treatment of bacterial pathogens has contributed enormously to the increase in @entity1 health. Despite the apparent importance of antibiotic treatment of @entity2348 , surprisingly little is known about the molecular functions of antibiotic actions in the bacterial cell. Here, we analyzed the molecular effects of @entity3110 , a first-line antibiotic against @entity281 caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium We find that this drug selectively blocks apical cell growth but still allows for effective cytokinesis. As a consequence, cells survive @entity3110 treatment and adopt a pneumococcal cell growth mode with cell wall synthesis only at the site of cell division. However, combined treatment of @entity3110 and @entity8545 antibiotics acts synergistically and effectively stops cell proliferation.

title: The Antituberculosis Drug XXXX Selectively Blocks Apical Growth in CMN Group Bacteria.

entities_list: @entity9150 :: ('1718', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium glutamicum']

entities_list: @entity14838 :: ('MESH:D009171', 'Chemical') :: ['mycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol', 'Ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity3110 :: (MESH:D004977,Chemical) :: ['Ethambutol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2024 Background: Similar to @entity6023 , @entity21597 are a class of naturally occurring cytotoxic macrolides that stabilize microtubules and induce @entity1167 , retaining potency in P-glycoprotein MDR cell lines. 6 schedules of @entity57117 were investigated in phase I trials. METHODS: As the optimal schedule in the @entity19 xenograft model used prolonged exposure (6-hr IV infusion at 30 mg/kg) to reach plasma steady state Css=425 ng/mL, two CI schedules were attempted: a 24-hr CI (Schedule A) and up to 72-hr CI (Schedule B) q 2 weeks. Steady state is difficult to maintain for a drug with a rapid alpha distribution, hence a loading dose (75 mg/hr for 30 min) was incorporated, followed by maintenance dose. RESULTS: 24 pts have been enrolled (median age 62 yrs, range 28-86 yrs; 7 F/17 M; median KPS 80; median prior regimens 3, range 0-10): 17 on Schedule A, 7 on Schedule B. Eighty total infusions have been administered. 4 dose levels have been tested on Schedule A (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/hr rates); 2 dose levels on Schedule B (1 and 1.7 mg/hr). Drug-related @entity137 includes mild-to-moderate @entity1295 , @entity390 / @entity490 , @entity1296 , and neurosensory. One episode of grade 3 neurosensory occurred at 6 mg/hr x 24-hr CI; this dose group is being expanded. AUC=Css(SD) at this dose was 12300 ng/mL*h; constant dosing at 7 mg/h for 23.5 h would theoretically achieve a Css=423 ng/mL (Css=AUCSD(   n  >    n+1) /   ). Pts dosed at 4 mg/h for 23.5h achieved Css=200 ng/mL. Comparison of PK between short infusion and CI showed similar results (mean  SD) CL=6.7  2.7 v 8.7  2.9 L/h/m(2); half-life 10.3  2.9 v 10.8  2.3 hours; Vz 96  41 v136  59 L/m(2); MRT 10.0  3.6 v 17.1  4.5 hours. As a marker of biologic activity, PBMCs were examined for microtubule bundle formation at the end of the CI. On Schedule A, 15 and 20% bundle formation at 4 and 6 mg/h was observed, respectively, indicating that there was significant polymerization over this period of time. Signs of antitumor activity included 1 pt with @entity1494 (shrinkage of primarily @entity66 ) and 1 pt with prostate ca (25% decline in PSA). CONCLUSIONS: Biologic activity at tolerable doses has been noted and accrual continues to define the recommended dose. [Table: see text].

title: Phase I study using continuous intravenous (CI) @entity57117 ( XXXX ) in patients with solid tumors.

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilones']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder ca']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

answer: @entity57117 :: (MESH:C114026,Chemical) :: ['Epothilone D']


abstract: @entity1636 is a rare malignancy in @entity1 , with a high mortality. Little is known about long-term outcome, especially in @entity1 treated with @entity8449 . We report the successful long-term outcome of a case of metastatic @entity1636 presenting in infancy treated with surgical resection and @entity8449 . The @entity1 presented at 2 months of age with @entity699 , a large adrenal mass, and elevated adrenal @entity134 levels. The @entity5 was removed surgically. Intraoperative findings included an @entity5 (confirmed malignant pathologically) invading the adrenal vein and vena cava. After surgery he was treated with @entity8449 at a dose of 2 g/d. Six months after surgery @entity4419 levels increased, and a computed tomography scan showed a pulmonary @entity3 . @entity8449 was increased to 2.5 g/d, and the @entity3 was removed surgically. Plasma @entity8449 levels ranged 10-15 micro g/ml. @entity5 markers remained normal, and @entity8449 was discontinued at 18 months. During therapy the @entity1 's somatic growth was poor. His motor and speech development was delayed. After @entity8449 was discontinued he demonstrated catch-up growth. This case shows successful long-term outcome and recovery from the toxic effects of @entity8449 .

title: Long-term (15 years) outcome in an XXXX with metastatic @entity1636 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane', 'Mitotane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: Background @entity252 is the most common genetic cause of @entity4810 and affects approximately 1 in 500 live births. Although accompanying @entity299 is not a specific feature of @entity252 , rarely associated anomalies such as @entity3454 , @entity118 , @entity1757 , @entity215 , @entity2461 , and @entity1121 have been reported. A clear association between @entity252 and @entity74 has not yet been demonstrated. Case Report We report a case of a @entity1817 that required permanent pacemaker implantation in a young adult with @entity252 . The @entity1 was consulted to cardiology clinic due to @entity1168 . On physical examination, no @entity299 was detected except for @entity1168 . Holter results showed @entity13610 with a minimum heart rate of 33 bpm and maximum of 154 Bpm. There were 3612 ventricular premature beats, 30 ventricular pairs, 804 supraventricular premature beats, 7 supraventricular pairs, and 4 supraventricular runs, the longest of which was 5 beats. The @entity1 had defined @entity1296 and @entity390 during Holter monitoring. Electrophysiological study (EPS) was planned because existing findings indicated risk of @entity299 . Findings of EPS were interpreted as @entity1817 . A permanent pacemaker implantation was performed and the @entity1 has been free of symptoms since. Conclusions This concomitance should be kept in mind when examining @entity1 with @entity252 with @entity1168 and/or @entity1163 . It is easily mistaken for @entity302 , which is a commonly encountered abnormality in @entity252 .

title: XXXX requiring permanent pacemaker implantation in a young adult with klinefelter syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac syncope', 'cardiac disorder', 'cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['Sinus node dysfunction']


abstract: CASE REPORT: A three month old @entity1 , with recurrent @entity4053 and @entity1448 , is reported. A @entity209 could be excluded. The liver biopsy revealed @entity99 and @entity1157 . ACTH, @entity701 and hGH measured during @entity4053 were low. Magnetic tomography (MR) of the brain showed an " @entity4776 ". After beginning a replacement therapy with @entity701 , @entity2124 and thyroxine there was no further episode of @entity4053 . Transaminases and @entity648 levels normalized. The @entity1 is in good condition, growth and development are normal. DISCUSSION: @entity4053 is often the first sign in childrens with @entity4614 . The association of @entity409 and @entity4614 has been documented in a few reports. The pathophysiological mechanism leading to the @entity409 is not well understood. The prognosis of @entity4614 as well as the concomitant @entity409 is good under sufficient replacement therapy.

title: [Congenital @entity4614 and XXXX in a three month old @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'neonatal hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['giant cell hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) @entity850 is a complication of ablation for @entity955 . The impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence of @entity849 and its functional characterization has not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity358 isolation was performed in 608 @entity1 . An electroanatomic approach was used in 71 and circular mapping in 537 (distal isolation, 25; ostial isolation based on @entity358 angiography, 102; guided by intracardiac echocardiography, 140; with energy delivery based on visualization of microbubbles, 270). Severe (> or =70%) @entity543 was detected in 21 @entity1 (3.4%), and moderate (50% to 69%) and mild (<50%) @entity543 occurred in 27 (4.4%) and 47 (7.7%), respectively. Severe @entity850 occurred in 15.5%, 20%, 2.9%, 1.4%, and 0%, respectively. Development of symptoms was correlated with involvement of >1 @entity358 with severe @entity543 (P=0.01), whereas all @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity543 were asymptomatic. In the latter group, lung perfusion (V/Q) scans were normal in all but 4 @entity1 . All @entity1 with severe @entity850 had abnormal perfusion scans. CONCLUSIONS: V/Q scans are useful to assess the functional significance of @entity849 . Mild and moderate degrees of @entity358 @entity543 are not associated with development of symptoms and seem to have no or minimal detrimental effect on pulmonary flow. The incidence of severe @entity849 seems to be declining with better imaging techniques to ensure ostial isolation and to guide power titration. Mild @entity543 3 months after ablation does not preclude future development of severe @entity850 and should be assessed with repeat imaging studies.

title: @entity849 after radiofrequency ablation of XXXX : functional characterization, evolution, and influence of the ablation strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['PV stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Pulmonary vein']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether anti- @entity310 (infliximab) treatment affects @entity13788 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) METHODS: @entity13788 was analyzed in fifteen anti-TNF-treated @entity309 @entity1 . @entity7527 expression was used as a @entity13788 marker and was studied before and after three months of infliximab treatment. PBMC were stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb during 18 h and were separated by rosseting into E+ and E-cells. B cells were assessed in E-population by double staining with @entity1075 and @entity7527 . ELISA assays were used to assess both soluble @entity310 and circulant immune complexes (CIC) containing @entity310 . We also used B cells from tonsils to establish the relationship between @entity13788 and @entity310 CIC. RESULTS: The proportion of B cells expressing @entity7527 was higher before infliximab exposure than after treatment (48.3 +/- 16.7 versus 29.5 +/- 12.5, p = 0.007). T-B cell interactions were assessed by means of blocking antibodies to @entity11603 , @entity2936 , @entity7986 , and @entity1454 ; these interactions were not specially affected by infliximab treatment. We could demonstrate CIC containing @entity310 after infliximab treatment, these CIC, similarly to others IgG-containing immune complexes, were capable to downregulate @entity7527 on B cells. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment in @entity309 downregulates @entity7527 expression on T-cell activated B cells. This downregulation is connected with the presence of CIC containing @entity310 . Presumably, the Fc gamma RIIb1 endows IgG-containing immune complexes, as @entity310 -anti- @entity310 , with the capacity to regulate B cells and inflammatory cells.

title: @entity13788 in XXXX @entity1 under infliximab treatment.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine maximum tolerated dose and @entity137 of intraoperative intracavitary hyperthermic @entity900 perfusion with @entity8503 after extrapleural pneumonectomy for @entity3620 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2615 were prospectively enrolled. Those with resectable disease received @entity8503 and 1-hour hyperthermic @entity900 perfusion of ipsilateral hemithorax and abdomen. Morbidity, recurrence, and survival were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled; 29 underwent resection (operative mortality 7%, 2/29). Median age was 57 years. Eighteen were in pathologic stage I or II; 11 were in stage III. Median hospitalization was 15 days. Common complications were @entity955 (66%, 19 @entity1 ), @entity1150 (31%, 9 @entity1 ), and grade 3+ @entity8 (31%, 9 @entity1 ). Feasibility was determined. @entity8 was unrelated to @entity900 dose, with no maximum tolerated dose determined. Overall median survival was 17 months (resected 20 months, unresected 10 months). Median survivals were 26 months for @entity1 receiving higher @entity900 doses and 16 months for those receiving lower doses (P = .35). Survival was significantly longer with negative extrapleural nodes (31 vs 14 months, P = .0115) and early stage (all resected 35 months for stage I-II vs 14 months for stage III, P = .0022, epithelial 39 months for stage I-II vs 15 months for stage III, P = .0072). CONCLUSION: Early stage and negative extrapleural lymph nodes were associated with prolonged survival. Single-dose @entity8503 did not protect adequately against @entity900 -induced @entity8 . Additional cytoprotective strategies are needed to allow determination of @entity900 maximum tolerated dose.

title: A phase I study of extrapleural pneumonectomy and intracavitary intraoperative hyperthermic @entity900 with @entity8503 cytoprotection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal toxicity', 'renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surgical approach and adjuvant therapy on @entity1 with @entity189 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 157 consecutive @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy. SETTING: A private university medical center and its affiliated community hospital. @entity1 : One hundred twenty @entity1 and 37 @entity1 (mean age, 61.7 years) with @entity189 that was surgically treated between 1978 and 1993. INTERVENTIONS: Three approaches were used for resection: Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) (n = 67), transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) (n = 71), and @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) (n = 19). Sixty-five @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical mortality, morbidity, and survival and the effect of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The overall surgical mortality rate was 7.6%: 12.7% with the TTE, 4.5% with the THE, and 0% with the @entity1661 approach. A significantly increased incidence of adult @entity649 (P < .001) and @entity3509 (P < .001) was seen with the TTE approach. The average intraoperative @entity190 (P = .08) and the median intensive care unit stay (P = .26) and hospital stay (P = .40) were decreased with the THE and @entity1661 approaches when compared with the TTE approach without significance. The overall median survival time was 17 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 21%. There was no significant difference in survival by pathologic stage between approaches. The addition of adjuvant therapy did not affect the overall median survival time or the 5-year survival rate. Node-positive @entity1 did benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with increased median survival times from 7 to 15 months and a 5-year survival rate from 0% to 15% (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The THE and @entity1661 approaches have fewer early complications than does TTE. Both THE and TTE have equal long-term survival rates. Adjuvant therapy provides increased survival to node-positive @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: A 15-year review of esophagectomy for XXXX and cardia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['AOE', 'abdominal-only esophagectomy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus and/or cardia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']