abstract: The anatomical distributions of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase (CO) and of the @entity460 binding protein @entity47842 (PV) were studied in the striate cortex of adult and neonate New World monkeys ( @entity7533 ). In the adult marmoset, both proteins were found in laminar arrangements similar to those described for the macaque monkey, with prominent bands of PV-like immunoreactive (PV- @entity3162 ) puncta in layers IV and IIIb, and fairly evenly distributed PV- @entity3162 nonpyramidal neurons. Furthermore, the pattern of CO activity in area 17 of the neonate marmoset was almost identical to the CO pattern described in neonate macaque and squirrel monkeys. It came, therefore, as a surprise to find that the adult pattern of PV-like immunoreactivity (PV- @entity3162 ) in the marmoset striate cortex arises from a neonatal pattern strikingly different from that seen in any developmental stage of the macaque, or in any other @entity1 studied so far. In the deep layers IV through VI of the neonate marmoset, a large number of PV- @entity3162 neurons was stained in bandlike patterns, their number in layers IV and V exceeding the number of PV- @entity3162 neurons present in these layers of the adult marmoset area 17. Staining of layers IV and VI was restricted to area 17 and involved nonpyramidal cells and their processes. The stained band of layer V, in contrast, continued throughout most of the neocortex. In area 17, an estimated 10 to 20% of the stained cells in layer V exhibited pyramidal shapes. The findings show that the expression of PV by visual cortical cells occurs before birth and suggest that the comparatively early onset of PV expression is not dependent on the onset of textured vision. The exuberant number of stained cells in some layers, and particularly the staining of pyramidal cells, in the neonate marmoset, suggest that a considerable number of cells possesses the stainability for PV- @entity3162 only transiently, i.e., in the marmoset, these cells have a specific demand for @entity47842 during this phase of their development.

title: Distribution of cytochrome oxidase and XXXX in the primary visual cortex of the adult and neonate monkey, @entity7533 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus']

answer: @entity47842 :: (100390686,Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) remodeling and matrix loss in @entity1284 ( @entity1284 ) are mediated by @entity1812 (BK) and exacerbated by chronic @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibition. BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1811 inhibition increases anti-fibrotic BK and does not attenuate LV remodeling in pure @entity1284 . The relative contribution of changes in extracellular matrix versus cardiomyocyte elongation in acute and chronic LV chamber remodeling during @entity1284 is unknown. METHODS: Echocardiography, LV collagen content, and isolated cardiomyocytes were studied in @entity35 after @entity292 ( @entity292 ) of 12 h, 2 and 5 days, and 4, 8, and 15 weeks. We also studied @entity292 @entity35 after @entity24934 ( @entity24934 ) blockade (2 days) or @entity1811 inhibition (4 weeks). RESULTS: At 2 days after @entity292 , LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD)/wall thickness was increased, and LV interstitial collagen was decreased by 50% without cardiomyocyte elongation. The @entity24934 blockade prevented collagen loss and normalized LVEDD/wall thickness. From 4 to 15 weeks after @entity292 , interstitial collagen decreased by 30% and left ventricular end-systolic (LVES) dimension increased despite normal LVES pressure and isolated cardiomyocyte function. The @entity1811 inhibition did not decrease LVEDD/wall thickness, further decreased LV interstitial collagen, and did not improve LV fractional shortening despite decreased LVES pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Immediately after @entity292 induction, eccentric LV remodeling is mediated by interstitial collagen loss without cardiomyocyte elongation. Acute @entity24934 blockade prevents eccentric LV remodeling and improves function. Chronic @entity1811 inhibition does not prevent eccentric LV remodeling or improve function. These findings suggest that @entity1811 inhibitor-mediated increase in LV BK exacerbates matrix loss and explains why @entity1811 inhibition is ineffective in @entity1284 .

title: Left ventricular eccentric remodeling and matrix loss are mediated by @entity1812 and precede cardiomyocyte elongation in XXXX with @entity1284 .

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortocaval fistula', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['VO', 'volume overload']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity565 severity and @entity402 is complex. Many studies have failed to show significant relationships between clinical severity or lung function and markers of @entity1097 . AIM: To determine whether increasing @entity565 severity is related to @entity1097 in a population of @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: A total of 400 @entity1 (7-18 years) with @entity565 were recruited as part of a multicentre study of the genetics of @entity565 . Detailed phenotypic data were collected on all @entity1 . Associations between measures of @entity565 severity and @entity1097 were sought using multilevel models allowing variation at the individual and family level. RESULTS: @entity1 recruited to the study had a range of @entity565 severities, with just over a third having mild persistent @entity565 . The logarithm of total serum IgE was associated with increased @entity565 severity score, decreased FEV1, increased @entity1224 , risk of hospital admission, and inhaled @entity134 use. Increasing skin prick test reactivity to a panel of seven aeroallergens was associated with increased risk of hospital admission, use of an inhaled @entity134 , and @entity1224 . The results remained highly significant after corrections for age, gender, and birth order. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity565 , increasing @entity402 is associated with increasing @entity565 severity. However, the relationships between @entity565 severity and skin prick tests, and @entity565 severity and total serum IgE values, appear subtly different.

title: Asthma severity and XXXX : how clear is the relationship?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: We sought to characterize @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) pseudoprogression after radiosurgery to assess its incidence, causative factors, and association with radiation-induced adverse effects. We performed a retrospective study of @entity5513 treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery during 2005-2009. Seventy-five @entity1 had at least 24 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up (median, 29 months) and were included. @entity5 response was calculated volumetrically using Gamma plan software on consecutive MRIs. All treatment plans were reviewed for dosimetry characteristics. Forty-nine @entity5513 (65%) were stable or regressed after treatment. Seventeen (23%) underwent pseudoprogression, with onset of enlargement at 6 months. Seven (9%) remained larger than initial treatment volume at last follow-up. Nine (12%) had persistent growth. Three @entity1 underwent subsequent microsurgery. One @entity1 required intervention at 3 months for cystic enlargement; otherwise, all @entity1 with progressive enlargement had stable @entity5513 until at least 24 months. Twenty-six @entity1 (34.7%) developed nonauditory adverse radiation effects after treatment, including @entity129 , @entity2055 , and @entity1276 . There was no statistical association between onset of clinical deterioration and @entity5 response. Volume changes in the first 24 months after radiosurgery rarely herald treatment failure. Any volume change after 24 months is indicative of treatment failure. Pseudoprogression does not appear to be independently linked to radiation-induced morbidity, and there are no @entity1 -related or radiosurgical parameters that predict @entity5 response.

title: XXXX pseudoprogression following radiosurgery for @entity5513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: We have investigated the phenotypic changes that take place during the process of neoplastic transformation in the thymocytes of C57BL/Ka @entity19 @entity16799 virus (RadLV). By the combined use of antibodies against the envelope glycoprotein @entity15309 of RadLV, the transformation-associated cell surface marker 1C11, and the @entity5168 -T-cell receptor (TCR) complex, we found that in the RadLV-infected thymus, the earliest expression of viral @entity15309 is in 1C11hi cells; a small but significant percentage of these cells also express @entity5168 . A first wave of viral replication, manifested by the expression of high levels of @entity15309 in thymocytes (over 70% positive), reaches a peak at 2 weeks; during this period, no significant changes are observed in the expression of 1C11 or @entity5168 . The population of @entity15309 + cells is drastically reduced at 3 to 4 weeks after @entity281 . However, a second cohort of @entity15309 + cells appears after 4 weeks, and these cells express high levels of 1C11 and TCR determinants as well. RadLV-induced @entity706 differ from normal thymocytes in their @entity1961 CD8 phenotype, with domination by one or more subsets. Characterization of TCR gene rearrangements in RadLV-induced @entity706 shows that most of these @entity5 are clonal or oligoclonal with respect to the J beta 2 TCR gene, while the J beta 1 TCR gene is rearranged in a minority (4 of 11) of @entity706 . TCR V beta repertoire analysis of 12 @entity5 reveals that 6 (50%) express exclusively the V beta 6 gene product, 2 (17%) are V beta 5+, and 1 (8%) each are V beta 8+ and V beta 9+. In normal C57BL/Ka @entity19 , V beta 6 is expressed on 12%, V beta 5 is expressed on 9%, V beta 8 is expressed on 22%, and V beta 9 is expressed on 4% of TCRhi thymocytes. Thus, it appears that RadLV-induced @entity6732 are not randomly selected with respect to expressed TCR V beta type.

title: @entity16799 virus-induced XXXX express a restricted repertoire of T-cell receptor V beta gene products.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity16799 :: ('MESH:D007953', 'Disease') :: ['infected by the radiation leukemia']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['thymic lymphomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several biomechanical studies using cadavers have revealed that @entity717 of the forearm bones reduces forearm motion. However, little information is available on the 3-dimensional deformity patterns, including @entity717 in @entity1517 of the forearm. The complex deformity of both forearm bones is difficult to assess on plain radiographs or cross-sectional images. Therefore, we assessed @entity85 in @entity1517 of the forearm using 3-dimensioinal analysis. METHODS: We examined 21 @entity1 (16 malunions of both forearm bones and 5 isolated radial malunions). Three-dimensional computer models of bilateral radius and ulna were created from computed tomography data. We @entity85 by superimposing the mirror-image bone model of the contralateral normal bone onto a model of the affected bone. RESULTS: In 21 radial malunions, extension (n = 17) and pronation (n = 16) deformities were common. This tendency was seen particularly in proximal malunions. Average extension, valgus, and pronation deformities were 18  , 2  , and 16  , respectively. In 16 ulnar malunions, valgus (n = 15) and pronation (n = 12) deformities were common. Average flexion, valgus, and pronation deformities were 1  , 11  , and 6  , respectively. @entity85 and @entity85 of the ulna were correlated with restriction of forearm motion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1517 of both forearm bones showed @entity85 , which suggests that 3-dimensional modeling may be a more effective method than standard computed tomography or radiographs. Pronation deformity of the radius may be caused by the supinator and pronator muscles. In addition, the deformity pattern of both bones may indicate that valgus and internal rotation force in the neutral forearm position is applied to both forearm bones after injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Three-dimensional forearm osteotomy, including rotational realignment, is necessary to obtain anatomical reduction.

title: 3-Dimensional deformity analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Extension deformity of the radius', 'valgus deformity', 'osseous deformity', 'evaluated deformity', 'complex deformities']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['Malunited diaphyseal fractures', 'malunited diaphyseal fractures']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited forearm diaphyseal fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial stenting with the Wingspan system has been used as a revascularization strategy in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ). The latest results of the Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Therapy for Intracranial @entity2791 (SAMMPRIS) trial challenge this approach. Our experience in the treatment of symptomatic @entity4522 with the Wingspan system is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent stenting for symptomatic @entity4522 were included in the analysis. Demographic data, periprocedural complications, long term radiological and clinical outcomes are reported. RESULTS: 46 lesions were treated in 45 @entity1 . 13 @entity1 (29%) presented with a transient @entity63 attack and 32 (71%) with a @entity64 . 43 @entity1 (95.5%) failed antithrombotic therapy at presentation. One (2%) symptomatic periprocedural (24 h) complication occurred. The 30 day incidence of @entity64 was 6.6%--a fatal @entity64 and two non-fatal @entity64 . In-stent @entity850 (>= 50%) was seen in nine (42.8%) lesions, two were symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity4522 who failed antithrombotic medications benefited from angioplasty and stenting with the Wingspan system.

title: Wingspan experience in the treatment of symptomatic XXXX after antithrombotic failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and vascular death', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Artery Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease', 'ICAD']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) and @entity32 are central hallmarks of @entity565 . Studies in @entity1 with @entity565 suggest that @entity2488 to @entity1920 ( @entity860 ) is a better marker of bronchial @entity32 than @entity2488 to @entity2710 . The association between markers of airway @entity32 and @entity2488 to @entity2710 and @entity860 in a population of young adults, with mild symptoms if any, was evaluated. A total of 230 subjects who participated in a follow-up study on occupational @entity566 were included. Before exposure to occupational allergens, subjects completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and were tested for atopy, @entity1503 (> or =275/mm(3)), and @entity2488 to @entity2710 and @entity860 (> or =15% fall in FEV(1)). Risk estimates were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Dose-response slopes (DRS) for @entity2710 and @entity860 were compared between healthy control subjects, self-reported @entity2023 , and @entity56 . @entity2488 to @entity860 was associated with @entity2023 (PR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.22;5.17), @entity56 (PR 4.38, 95% CI: 1.98;9.66), with atopy (PR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.76;8.52), and @entity1503 (PR 3.57, 95% CI: 1.48;8.77), but not with baseline FEV(1). @entity2488 to @entity2710 was inversely related to prechallenge FEV(1) (PR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96;0.99). For both @entity2710 and @entity860 the geometric mean DRS increased along the axis asymptomatic @entity56 , but for @entity860 the increase was the strongest. In this population study among young adults, @entity2488 to @entity860 refers to allergic background of airway lability and @entity2488 to @entity2710 is related to a diminished airway caliber.

title: Bronchial responsiveness to @entity1920 ( @entity860 ) and @entity2710 differ in their relationship with airway XXXX and baseline FEV(1).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'Bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['-allergic rhinitis-allergic asthma', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short sleep duration and @entity25 increase risks of overweight and @entity1017 . Few previous studies have examined sleep and weight repeatedly over development. This study examined the associations between yearly reports of @entity25 and weight status from ages 5 to 11. Although, previous studies have shown that inter-individual differences moderate the effect of short sleep duration on weight, it is not known whether inter-individual differences also moderate the effect of @entity25 on weight. We tested how the longitudinal associations between @entity25 and weight status were moderated by impulsivity and genetic variants in @entity1633 and @entity39287 . DESIGN: Seven-year longitudinal study. @entity1 : A total of 567 @entity1 from the @entity1 Development Project for the analysis with impulsivity and 363 for the analysis with genetic variants. MEASUREMENTS and RESULTS: Sleep problems and weight status were measured by mothers' reports yearly. Impulsivity was measured by teachers' reports yearly. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in @entity1633 and @entity39287 were genotyped. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Higher average levels of @entity1949 across years were associated with greater increases in overweight (P=0.0024). Sleep problems and overweight were associated at both within- @entity1 across time (P<0.0001) and between- @entity1 levels (P<0.0001). Impulsivity and two polymorphisms, @entity50710 and @entity50711 in @entity1633 , moderated the association between @entity25 and overweight; the association was stronger in @entity1 who were more impulsive (P=0.0022), in G allele carriers for @entity50710 (P=0.0007) and in A allele carriers for @entity50711 (P=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided incremental evidence for the influence of @entity25 on weight. Findings of @entity1633 , @entity39287 and impulsivity are novel; they suggest that reward sensitivity and self-regulatory abilities might modulate the influences of sleep on @entity1017 . The analysis of polymorphisms was restricted to European Americans and hence the results might not generalize to other populations.

title: Impulsivity and genetic variants in @entity1633 and @entity39287 moderate longitudinal associations between XXXX and overweight from ages 5 to 11.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep problems']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the influence of @entity1 perceptions of absolute risk on choices for @entity5 screening and use of medications to prevent @entity299 , @entity64 , and @entity173 . METHODS: At the end of routine office visits, we surveyed all eligible consecutive @entity1 who visited four geriatricians in a Denver practice between November 8, 1993, and February 9, 1994. RESULTS: We saw a total of 675 outpatients during the study period and completed the interview with 409 @entity1 (75% female, mean age 81, 78% Caucasian). We found a strong correlation between (i) increased probability of detecting @entity5 and greater preference for @entity5 screening tests (p <.001) and (ii) increased probability of preventing disease ( @entity299 , @entity64 , or @entity173 ) and greater preference for preventive medication (p <.0001). There was notable variability in seniors' preferences for a given therapy at each absolute risk threshold. For example, 15% of seniors did not think that highly effective, inexpensive medications to prevent @entity299 were worthwhile for them. At the other end of the spectrum, 22% of seniors felt that low-yield, costly medications to prevent @entity299 were worthwhile. CONCLUSIONS: Seniors readily understand the probability of benefit expressed in terms of absolute risk reduction. Furthermore, probability of benefit strongly influences seniors' preferences for @entity5 screening and preventive medication use. Finally, there is variety in the thresholds of prevention at which individuals are willing to accept preventive treatment. The probability of benefit is an essential and useful element for seniors to make informed decisions about routine health services.

title: Seniors' preferences for XXXX screening and medication use based on absolute risk reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks', 'heart attack']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several therapeutic effects including anti- @entity565 and @entity1353 have been described for the seeds of Carum copticum. In previous studies the relaxant and anticholinergic (functional antagonism) effects, @entity112 H(1) inhibitory and beta(2) stimulatory effects of Carum copticum have been demonstrated on @entity840 tracheal chains. In the present study, the bronchodilatory effect of boiled extract from Carum copticum in the airways of @entity748 @entity1 was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bronchodilatory effects of 0.125 and 0.25 ml/kg of 10 g% boiled extract in comparison with 6 mg/kg @entity2544 and placebo were studied by measuring pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and specific airway conductance (sGaw). Pulmonary function tests were measured before administration and repeated 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after administration of the oral extract and @entity2544 . RESULTS: The results showed that the boiled extract of Carum copticum caused significant increases in all PFT values, in most time intervals, (p<0.05 to p<0.001). However, the increase in most PFT values due to the both doses of boiled extract were significantly lower than those of @entity2544 in most time intervals (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The onset of brochodilatory effect of extract was similar to that of @entity2544 beginning 30 min, its maximum effect on PFTs (23 to 32% increase) was seen in 90-120 min and the effect of extract decline after 150 min following administration similar to the effect of @entity2544 . In addition the placebo did not cause any significant increase in PFT values. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that Carum copticum has a relatively bronchodilatory effect on @entity748 airways which was comparable with the effect of @entity2544 at concentrations used.

title: Bronchodilatory effect of Carum copticum in airways of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Changes in water content and dry weight were determined in control cells and those induced to cold harden in response to @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatment (7.5 x 10(-5) molar). Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv Manchar) cells grown in suspension culture at room temperature (23 degrees C) for 7 days acclimated to -28 degrees C (LT(50)) when treated with @entity2272 , or to -5 degrees C when untreated. @entity2272 significantly reduced cell growth rates at 5 and 7 days after treatment. Growth reduction was due to a decrease in cell number rather than cell size. When the cell water content was expressed as percent water (percent @entity2507 ) or as grams water per gram dry weight (gram @entity2507 /gram dry weight [g DW]), the water content of hardy, @entity2272 -treated cells decreased from 85% to 77% or from 6.4 to 3.3 g @entity2507 /g DW in 7 days. Control cell water content remained static at approximately 87% and 7.5 g @entity2507 /g DW. However, cell water content, expressed as milligrams water per million cells (milligram @entity2507 /10(6) cells), did not differ in @entity2272 -treated or control cells. The dry matter content of @entity2272 -treated cells, expressed as milligram DW/10(6) cells increased to 3.3 milligram/10(6) cells in 7 days, whereas the dry weight of the control cells remained between 1.4 to 2.1 milligrams/10(6) cells. The osmotic potential of @entity2272 -treated cells decreased by the fifth day while that of control cells increased significantly and then decreased by day 7. Elevated osmotic potentials were not associated with increased ion uptake. In contrast to much published literature, these results suggest that cell water content does not decrease in @entity2272 -treated cells during the induction of freezing tolerance, rather the dry matter mass per cell increased. Cell water content may be more accurately expressed as a function of cell number when accompanying changes to dry cell matter occur.

title: Water Content during XXXX Induced Freezing Tolerance in Bromegrass Cells.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['Abscisic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, several reports have recommended primary resection, rather than a staged operation, for obstructive left @entity694 . However pre-operative decompression is important for reducing complications and improving the curability of primary resection. Among the many pre-operative decompression strategies reported, we selected the long intestinal tube and evaluated the effectiveness of this convenient strategy. METHODOLOGY: A long intestinal tube was inserted pre-operatively for decompression in 27 of 29 @entity1 undergoing resection for obstructive left @entity694 (1991-1995). We retrospectively studied the clinical features (responders vs. non-responders) of the 27 @entity1 . We also compared these 27 with 26 other pre-1990 @entity1 , who did not receive pre-operative decompression, in term of post-operative morbidity. RESULTS: Twelve of the 27 @entity1 were responders; success rate 44.4%. There were no blood profile differences between responders and non-responders, but the time from bowel movement cessation to intestinal tube insertion was 3 days or less in all responders but 4 days or more in non-responders (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of post-operative morbidity between those with and without pre-operative decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Decompression is likely to be successful, allowing elective primary resection, when initiated within 3 days of bowel movement cessation. However, more than 4 days post-onset, other decompression methods or emergency surgery is necessary.

title: Study of long intestinal tube for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['decompression of obstructive left colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if adjuvant interstitial @entity221 ( @entity6167 ) significantly improves survival of @entity1 with @entity463 undergoing brachytherapy boost after conventional radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adults with newly-diagnosed, focal, @entity463 < or = 5 cm in diameter were registered postoperatively on a Phase II/III randomized trial and treated with partial brain radiotherapy to 59.4 Gy with oral @entity1862 . Those @entity1 whose @entity5 was still implantable after teletherapy were randomized to brachytherapy boost (60 Gy at 0.40-0.60 Gy/h) +/- @entity6167 for 30 min immediately before and after brachytherapy. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and survival from date of diagnosis were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1995, 112 eligible @entity1 were entered in the trial. @entity1 ages ranged from 21-78 years (median, 54 years) and KPS ranged from 70-100 (median, 90). Most commonly due to @entity5 progression or @entity1 refusal, 33 @entity1 were never randomized. Of the @entity1 , 39 were randomized to brachytherapy ("no heat") and 40 to brachytherapy + @entity6167 ("heat"). By intent to treat, @entity1054 and survival were significantly longer for "heat" than "no heat" (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04). For the 33 "no heat" @entity1 and 35 "heat" @entity1 who underwent brachytherapy boost, @entity1054 and survival were significantly longer for "heat" than "no heat" (p = 0.045 and p = 0.02, respectively; median survival 85 weeks vs. 76 weeks; 2-year survival 31% vs. 15%). A multivariate analysis for these 68 @entity1 adjusting for age and KPS showed that improved survival was significantly associated with randomization to "heat" (p = 0.008; hazard ratio 0.51). There were no Grade 5 @entity137 , 2 Grade 4 @entity137 (1 on each arm), and 7 Grade 3 @entity137 (1 on "no heat" and 6 on the "heat" arm). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant interstitial brain @entity6167 , given before and after brachytherapy boost, after conventional radiotherapy significantly improves survival of @entity1 with focal @entity463 , with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Survival benefit of @entity221 in a prospective randomized trial of brachytherapy boost +/- @entity221 for XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine how unmet needs for activity of daily living tasks influenced nursing home placement, @entity204 , or loss to follow-up in @entity303 . DESIGN: An 18-month longitudinal design, with interviews administered every 6 months. SETTING: Eight catchment areas in the United States. @entity1 : Five thousand eight hundred thirty-one @entity303 @entity1 and their caregivers were included at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Measures of sociodemographic context of care; functional, cognitive, and behavioral status of care recipients; caregiver stress and well-being; and formal and informal resources served as covariates. The independent variables of interest were unweighted unmet care need scores and unmet need scores weighted by importance and severity in a prior sample of older consumers of long-term care. Outcomes included nursing home placement, @entity204 , and loss to follow-up. RESULTS: Cox regression models suggested that greater unmet need was predictive of nursing home placement, @entity204 , and loss to follow-up. These results were apparent when the unweighted and the weighted scores for unmet need with activity of daily living dependencies were used. CONCLUSION: Unmet need may be useful in identifying @entity303 care recipients at risk for nursing home placement and @entity204 . Further study of unmet need is needed to effectively assess and target intervention protocols during the course of @entity303 .

title: Unmet care needs and key outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to detail our 5-year experience with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for @entity5 . METHODS: From 11/5/92 to 3/9/98, we performed laparoscopic lymphadenectomies on 94 @entity1 with various @entity5 . Pelvic, paraaortic, and combinations of both pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomies were performed depending on the primary site of disease and indication for lymph node dissection. Data were prospectively collected on all @entity1 . RESULTS: From 11/5/92 to 3/9/98 we performed 94 laparoscopic lymphadenectomies for @entity5 . The distribution included 64 @entity1 with @entity5 , 14 with @entity43 , 12 with @entity1204 , 2 with @entity6887 , 1 with a uterine malignant mixed @entity5 , and 1 with a metastatic @entity5 . Fifty-five @entity1 had only pelvic lymph node dissections, 9 @entity1 had paraaortic dissections only, and 30 had both pelvic and paraaortic dissections performed. Among 30 @entity1 having laparoscopic lymphadenectomy only, the mean hospital stay was 3.6 days. Included in this group were 19 @entity1 who received postoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 as inpatients prior to ambulatory radiation therapy. The mean length of stay for this group was 4.6 days versus 1.7 days for the 11 @entity1 who did not receive postoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.0025). The mean number of pelvic nodes was 11.9 (range 0-57), with a mean of 4. 5 between 11/5/92 and 12/31/95 and a mean of 19.1 from 1/1/96 to 3/9/98. The mean number of paraaortic nodes obtained was 3.7 (range 0-14), with a mean of 3.4 from 11/5/92 to 12/31/95 and a mean of 4.1 from 1/1/96 to 3/9/98. A total of 3 @entity1 required conversions to laparotomy. One was for a @entity1317 to the vena cava, 1 for a large @entity5 extending to both sidewalls, and the third for removal of densely matted lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is a technically feasible procedure for @entity1 with @entity5 requiring lymph node dissections, with an acceptable safety profile and nodal yield. The number of nodes obtained increased in direct proportion to operator experience. In addition, @entity1 may benefit from a decrease in hospital stay compared to conventional lymphadenectomy via laparotomy.

title: Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tube cancer']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic malignancies']


abstract: Pharmacists are now facing a problem of developing measures for dispensing mistakes, because there recently is increasing social awareness on medical accidents and a tendency to increase medical accidents in pharmacies due to popularizing separation of dispensing and prescribing functions. In this study, questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate pharmacist's views on @entity1 error measures and the relationship between mistakes and the preventive measures. To clarify relationship between @entity1 error measures and preventive measures for avoiding mistakes, questionnaire result was analyzed based on @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). Questionnaire survey was sent to community pharmacies in Hokkaido. The result was analyzed by @entity2383 . The recovery rate of the questionnaire was 71.0%. @entity1 error measures were classified into "The measures against deficient knowledge and insufficient experiences". "Attention problem measures" and "The measures against a @entity73 ". While attention problem was strongly related to the @entity73 , there was no relationship between "Attention problem measures" and "The measures against a @entity73 ". Moreover, it were clarified that to develop @entity1 error measures for deficient knowledge and insufficient experiences was effective for the preventive against the mismatch of the cognitive mechanism and the intentional mistake and for bridging the gap between knowledge and experiences. This study showed that @entity2383 was effective for adopting efficient preventive measures for medical accident and analyzing risk management in pharmacies. Applying these results to the medical accident preventive measures contribute to improvement of the risk management.

title: [Analysis by XXXX of the questionnaire about the risk and its preventive measures in a pharmacy].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive error']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['structural equation modeling']


abstract: @entity1962 ( @entity1962 ) is an uncommon variant of @entity788 . We sought to trace the mode of @entity5 progression using specimens of @entity1962 associated with @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) of the pancreas. A resected specimen of the primary pancreatic @entity1962 , developed in a 72-year-old @entity1 , was subjected to mutation profiling using amplicon-targeted sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction. DNA was isolated from each histological compartment including noninvasive @entity4929 , @entity957 ( @entity957 ), and @entity420 ( @entity420 ). Histologically, an @entity4929 with a large mural nodule was identified. The invasive @entity5 predominantly consisted of @entity957 , and a smaller @entity420 was found around the lesion. Squamous metaplasias were sporadically distributed within benign IPMNs. Mutation alleles @entity984 and @entity2163 were identified in all specimens of @entity4929 including the areas of @entity1544 . In addition, these mutations were found in @entity957 and @entity420 . Clear transition from flat/low-papillary @entity4929 to @entity957 indicated a potent invasion front, and the @entity957 compartment was genetically unique, because the area has a higher frequency of mutation @entity984 . The invasive @entity5 with distinct histological appearances shared the form of noninvasive @entity4929 as a common precursor, rather than de novo @entity5 , suggesting the significance of a genetic profiling scheme of @entity5 associated with @entity4929 .

title: Tracking the Clonal Evolution of @entity1962 , a Rare Variant of Intraductal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma', 'ASC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas']


abstract: Axillary bud outgrowth is controlled by developmental and environmental signals through the integrated action of hormones and other factors that probably regulate the cell cycle in the buds. While hormonal regulators have been studied extensively, less is known about downstream mechanisms regulating bud outgrowth. The TCP domain protein @entity13877 Branched1 (TB1) is a putative transcriptional regulator that represses bud outgrowth in grasses. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that three hypothetical @entity958 ( @entity958 ) proteins, @entity50504 , @entity50505 and @entity13122 [ @entity13877 Branched1-Like 1 ( @entity50506 )], are closely related to monocot TB1 proteins. A reverse genetics approach was used to identify @entity50506 and @entity50505 mutants to assess the function of the hypothetical proteins. No obvious phenotype was observed in @entity50505 mutants. @entity50506 null mutants exhibited a non-pleiotropic hyperbranching phenotype that was due to enhanced outgrowth of primary and secondary buds. The role of @entity50506 as a repressor of bud outgrowth was supported by @entity50506 mRNA accumulation: abundance was high in unelongated buds, and decreased to low levels in buds that were elongating. Analyses of @entity50506 expression in hormone signaling mutants with aberrant branching suggest that @entity50506 acts downstream of auxin and the MAX-related hormone to coordinate bud outgrowth. The data are consistent with @entity958 @entity50506 providing functionality similar to monocot TB1, and highlight the conservation of mechanisms regulating branching across large evolutionary distances.

title: @entity958 XXXX Branched1-like 1 regulates axillary bud outgrowth and is homologous to monocot @entity13877 Branched1.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity13877 :: (76912,Species) :: ['Teosinte']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the surgical morbidity and mortality of @entity1514 ( @entity1514 ) as compared with open surgical repair (OSR) for isolated descending @entity2333 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1, 2006 through May 31, 2010, a total of 68 @entity1 with isolated descending @entity2333 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of perioperative complication, 30-day mortality, and clinical success. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (group 1, OSR, n = 40 vs. group 2, @entity1514 , n = 28) and these groups were compared for major variables and late outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age was 58 years (group I = 54 vs. group II = 63 years, p = 0.011). Significant perioperative complications occurred in 12 @entity1 : 8 (20%) in group I and 4 (13%) in group II (p = 0.3). There were five 30 day mortalities of which 4 occurred in group I and 1 in group II (p = 0.23). Clinical success ( @entity2333 or @entity715 ) was achieved in 20 @entity1 (71%). Mean Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 1 year was similar for both groups (group 1 = 87% vs. group 2 = 80%, p = 0.65). CONCLUSION: Thoracic endovascular repair for isolated @entity2333 shows comparable results to OSR. However, the potential for endoleak or @entity397 remains a challenge that needs to be addressed in the future. Therefore, close follow-up study is needed for the evaluation of satisfactory long-term outcomes.

title: Midterm outcomes of open surgical repair compared with @entity1514 for isolated descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['TEVAR', 'thoracic endovascular repair']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['effective aortic remodeling and complete false lumen obliteration', 'thoracic aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic disease']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) (23 feet) had a single oblique osteotomy operation of the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th metatarsal without fixation during an 8-year period. The mean age was 46 years (range, 21-64 years). Each @entity1 had a painful @entity9284 preoperatively. The average follow-up was 10 years (range, 3-14 years). Postoperatively, reoperation was performed in four feet because of painful @entity15261 . For 13 of the 19 feet that did not have reoperation, @entity1 were limited in footwear or required a shoe insert. Overall results were good for 10 feet, fair for 7 feet, and poor for 6 feet. The only complication was a deep infection that occurred in one foot (good result). Nonunion occurred in one foot and delayed union in one. The average decrease in metatarsal length after osteotomy was 6+/-6 mm. The single oblique lesser metatarsal osteotomy may be successful, but one half of the @entity1 continued to have some degree of @entity158 and most @entity1 had limitations in footwear. Overall results were disappointing, and @entity1 who are offered this procedure should be advised of its limitations.

title: Oblique metatarsal osteotomy for XXXX : 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['intractable plantar keratosis']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosities']

answer: @entity9284 :: (MESH:D007642,Disease) :: ['intractable plantar keratosis']


abstract: @entity3190 increases the risk of @entity65 in @entity28 @entity1 . Only a few treatments are available to decrease insulin resistance. The reduction of @entity3190 by dietary means would be a simple, physiologic and economic way to reduce the risk of @entity209 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of two low-energy diets on serum insulin concentrations and @entity353 in @entity4806 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six randomly assigned insulin-resistant @entity28 adolescents completed a 16 week calorie-restricted diet. The experimental diet had a reduced glycemic index designed to evoke a low insulin response (LIR), with @entity3363 and proteins ingested in separate meals. The control diet was a conventional (CD) with similar proportions (60%, 20% and 20%). Variables studied were blood @entity413 and insulin concentrations after an oral @entity413 load, body mass index, waist circumference, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). RESULTS: Mean weight [+/- Standard Deviation (SD)] was significantly reduced after the LIR (-0.53 +/- 0.5) and the CD (-0.54 +/- 0.4), but a greater decrease of waist circumference (cm) was observed after the LIR (-9.1 +/- 4.8 vs. -6.6 +/- 4.6, p = 0.02). Fasting insulin concentrations (-17.9 +/- 27.9 vs. -9.4 +/- 14.8, p = 0.01) and HOMA dropped significantly more after the LIR than after the CD (-3.5 +/- 4.9SD vs. -2.4 +/- 1SD, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The LIR diet reduces serum insulin concentrations and waist circumference more than conventional treatment and appears to be a promising alternative to a conventional diet in insulin-resistant @entity28 adolescents. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the maintenance of @entity353 and metabolic parameters.

title: Evaluation of two dietary treatments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['obese hyperinsulinemic adolescents']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['obese hyperinsulinemic adolescents']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of enhancement of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells by @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ). METHODS: @entity1 @entity157 cells of the line SMMC7721 were cultured. @entity4991 at different concentrations (2, 5, and 25 micromol/L) was added into the culture fluid. The @entity8695 activity was detected with @entity8695 activity detection kit. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of @entity8695 . Adhesion test was conducted to calculate the adhesion percentage of the SMMC7721 cells. The invasion potential of the SMCC7721 cells was observed using transwell cell test. RESULTS: @entity4991 at the concentrations of 5, and 25 micromol/L increases the activity of @entity8695 protein. When the concentration of @entity4991 was 25 micromol/L the activity of @entity8695 protein was 400 times that of the control group (P < 0.01). The @entity8695 protein expression in the SMCC7721 cells increased when stimulated by @entity4991 , peaked 20 approximately 25 hours after stimulation, and then gradually decreased. When the concentration of @entity4991 was 25 micromol/L the @entity8695 protein expression level was 242% higher than that of the control group. @entity4991 at the concentration of 5 micromol/L and over increased the migratory and invading potential of the SMCC7721 cells and increased the adhesiveness of the SMCC7721 cells time-dependently. CONCLUSION: @entity4991 increases the migratory and invading potential of @entity157 cells through @entity8695 signal transduction pathway.

title: [Enhancement of @entity157 cells by @entity4990 through XXXX signal transduction pathway].

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['Rho']


abstract: Dietary fibre has been proposed to decrease risk for @entity694 by altering the composition of intestinal microbes or their activity. In the present study, the changes in intestinal microbiota and its activity, and immunological characteristics, such as @entity17853 gene expression in mucosa, in @entity1707 fed with a high-energy-density diet, with and without supplementation of a soluble fibre ( @entity41127 ; PDX) (30 g/d) were assessed in different intestinal compartments. PDX was gradually fermented throughout the intestine, and was still present in the distal colon. Irrespective of the diet throughout the intestine, of the four microbial groups determined by fluorescent in situ hybridisation, lactobacilli were found to be dominating, followed by clostridia and Bacteroides. Bifidobacteria represented a minority of the total intestinal microbiota. The numbers of bacteria increased approximately ten-fold from the distal small intestine to the distal colon. Concomitantly, also concentrations of SCFA and biogenic @entity4478 increased in the large intestine. In contrast, concentrations of luminal IgA decreased distally but the expression of mucosal @entity17853 had a tendency to increase in the mucosa towards the distal colon. Addition of PDX to the diet significantly changed the fermentation endproducts, especially in the distal colon, whereas effects on bacterial composition were rather minor. There was a reduction in concentrations of @entity14559 and @entity7300 , and an increase in concentrations of @entity11667 in the colon upon PDX supplementation. Furthermore, PDX tended to decrease the expression of mucosal @entity17853 , therefore possibly reducing the risk of developing @entity694 in the distal intestine.

title: Effect of @entity41127 on intestinal microbes and immune functions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancer-promoting conditions']

entities_list: @entity41127 :: ('MESH:C033375', 'Chemical') :: ['polydextrose']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The accessory parotid gland is salivary tissue separated from the main parotid gland and lying on masseter muscle. It has secondary duct emptying into the Stensen's duct. The accessory parotid gland exists in 21-61% of individuals. However, the appearance of an accessory parotid @entity5 is rare, with a reported frequency of 1-7.7% of all parotid gland @entity5 . @entity189 ex @entity5123 arises from a pre-existing benign mixed @entity5 . Most of these @entity5 will have malignant epithelial component, but not malignant stromal component. Reports of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological (FNAC) diagnosis of @entity3905 are uncommon and have been limited to cases arising in the parotid. We report a case of @entity189 ex @entity5123 of the accessory lobe of the parotid, and address the cytopathology features and pitfalls of this condition. CASE: A 73 aged female presented with a right nontender midcheek mass. The lesion had been present 18 months, with a recent increase in size. FNA was performed and the smears demonstrated features indicative of @entity5123 admixed with findings indicative of a poorly differentiated @entity189 . CONCLUSION: FNAC can accurately diagnose @entity189 ex @entity5123 when strongly fixed requirements are implemented.

title: @entity189 ex XXXX . Case study diagnosed by fine needle aspiration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3905 :: ('MESH:D018198', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mixed tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in the treatment of locoregionally advanced @entity189 . METHODS: The search strategy included Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, Chinese Biomedical Database and Wanfang Database. We also searched reference lists of articles and the volumes of abstracts of scientific meetings. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced @entity189 were included. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1.0. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE) was used to rate the level of evidence. RESULTS: Five studies were included. Risk ratios of 1.02 (95%CI 0.89-1.15), 0.93 (95%CI 0.72-1.21), 1.07 (95%CI 0.87-1.32), 0.95 (95%CI 0.80-1.13) were observed for 3 years overall survival, 5 years failure-free survival, 5 years loco- regional failure-free survival and 5 years distant @entity3 failure-free survival. There were no treatment-related @entity204 in both groups of five studies. Hematologic and @entity344 were the most significant for @entity1 during adjuvant chemotherapy. The level of evidence was low. CONCLUSION: Compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone, concurrent chemotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve prognosis. More @entity137 was found during adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Comparison of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis of 793 @entity1 from 5 randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1443 @entity4968 is a major cause of hospital admission and has been extensively reviewed. Its occurrence in pregnant @entity1 has been reported seldom, and the prognosis has been good except for one case, in which the fetus died. We report on a case of @entity1443 @entity4968 that resulted in the death of both the mother and the @entity1 . CASE: A 38-year-old @entity1 whose pregnancy was at 31 weeks' gestational age was evaluated for treatment of an @entity1443 @entity1445 . She was admitted more than 26 hours after taking 35 g of @entity1443 . An emergency cesarean section was performed one hour after admission because of @entity147 . A grossly normal, 1,620-g, female @entity1 was delivered and had Apgar scores at 1, 5 and 10 minutes of 0, 0 and 1, respectively, despite the initiation of resuscitation immediately following delivery. @entity520 was noted in the mother during the operation; it was followed by @entity810 16 hours after admission. That resulted in the mother's death 40 hours after admission. The @entity1 also died 34 hours after delivery. CONCLUSION: Delays in administering the antidote treatment, @entity898 , after @entity1443 intoxication significantly increase the risk of mortality in both the mother and @entity1 . The development of @entity520 carries a poor prognosis in such @entity1 and may necessitate liver transplantation to save the life of the mother.

title: @entity1443 XXXX in late pregnancy. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['acute fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'Acidosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatorenal failure']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'Acetaminophen']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: Ten percent of @entity1 @entity1252 occur in @entity1 as a result of treatment with certain medications. H-2s @entity19 can produce autoantibodies following treatment with various drugs or heavy metals and they are a potential animal model of @entity910 . We have examined nine anti-chromatin monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from A.SW @entity19 that had been treated with either @entity2361 or @entity5126 , two lupus-inducing drugs in @entity1 . These mAb are specific either for DNA or histone-DNA complexes corresponding to nucleo-specific either for DNA or histone-DNA complexes corresponding to nucleosomes or subnucleosome particles. Only one mAb reacts with an unknown chromatin antigen. The V region sequences of six of these mAb were studied and are notable by several features. As previously observed in spontaneous autoantibodies to DNA or histone-DNA complexes, @entity369 or @entity2734 residues are found at critical locations throughout the V regions. Many of these residues, potentially important for binding to DNA or DNA-histone complexes, result either from somatic mutations or atypical VH-D-JH rearrangements. Another significant characteristic is that the VH genes of several @entity2361 - or @entity5126 -induced mAb are most similar to those of anti-nucleolar mAb obtained from @entity349 -injected A.SW @entity19 . The implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of spontaneous or induced @entity792 are discussed.

title: @entity2361 - and @entity5126 -induced antinuclear antibodies in A.SW (H-2s) XXXX : similarities with autoantibodies in spontaneous and heavy metal-induced @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced lupus']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore in a prospective trial the prognostic value of @entity519 imaging before and during radiochemotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity135 were investigated with @entity9241 ( @entity9241 ) PET/CT at four time points during radiochemotherapy (baseline, 8-10 Gy, 18-20 Gy,50-60 Gy). @entity9241 PET/CT image parameters were extracted including maximum-tumour-to-background (TBR(max)) and thresholded volume at different TBR ratios. CT volume and baseline FDG-PET/CT image parameters were also included. Parameters at all time points were investigated for their prognostic value with the local-progression-free-survival endpoint (LPFS). Significance was evaluated with multivariate Cox (including clinical parameters) and Log-rank tests. RESULTS: @entity9241 -image parameters were found to have a strong association with the LPFS endpoint, and were strongest at the week 1 and 2 time points (p = 0.023-0.048 and 0.042-0.061 respectively on multivariate Cox). Parameters measured at baseline were only significant on univariate analysis. None of the clinical parameters, and also FDG- or CT-delineated volumes, were significantly associated with LPFS. CONCLUSION: This prospective, exploratory study demonstrated that @entity9241 -PET/CT imaging during the initial phase of treatment carries strong prognostic value. @entity9241 -PET/CT imaging at 1 or 2 weeks during treatment could be promising way to select @entity1 that would benefit from @entity519 modification or dose-escalated treatment. A validation study is on-going.

title: Exploratory prospective trial of XXXX -specific PET imaging during radiochemotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity9241 :: ('MESH:C031843', 'Chemical') :: ['FMISO', '[(18)F]-fluoromisonidazole']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity1311 with @entity900 or @entity3003 has become the preferred chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of @entity43 . Anthracyclines also have activity in this disease. We conducted a Phase II study by using the combination of @entity1311 , @entity900 , and @entity1259 for the treatment of advanced @entity43 . METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with optimally (n = 7) or suboptimally (n = 33) debulked advanced @entity43 (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage III or IV) were treated with @entity1311 , 135 mg/m(2), as a 3-hour intravenous infusion, @entity900 75 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.), and @entity1259 50 mg/m(2) i.v. every 3 weeks on an outpatient basis. @entity1261 was administered at a dose of 5 microg/kg/day on Days 5-9. RESULTS: Among 28 @entity1 with measurable disease, 24 (86%%) achieved an objective response including 19 complete and 5 partial responses. Among 18 @entity1 who underwent reassessment laparotomy, pathologic complete response was confirmed in 9 @entity1 . At a minimum follow-up of 40 months, the median overall survival had not been reached whereas the median time to progression for all @entity1 was 18.7 months. The median remission duration for @entity1 with measurable disease who responded to treatment was 14 months. The treatment was well tolerated without toxic deaths; the most common @entity137 was Grade 3/4 @entity1398 that occurred in 30% of @entity1 . Significant @entity16 (Grade 2 or higher) developed in only 8% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1311 , @entity900 , and @entity1259 is a well tolerated outpatient regimen with significant activity in the treatment of @entity43 .

title: XXXX , @entity900 , and @entity1259 first-line chemotherapy in stage III and IV @entity43 : long-term results of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of oral @entity5537 and tegafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 (LV) with the efficacy of weekly intravenous @entity1487 (FU) plus LV in prolonging disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after primary surgery for @entity694 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 1997 and March 1999, 1,608 @entity1 with @entity5 of the colon were randomly assigned to receive either oral UFT+LV or intravenous FU+LV. RESULTS: Of the total @entity1 , 47% had @entity5 , and 53% had @entity5 . Median follow-up time was 62.3 months. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) for @entity1349 of @entity1 who received UFT+LV versus that of @entity1 who received FU+LV was 1.014 (95% CI, 0.825 to 1.246). The estimated HR for DFS was 1.004 (95% CI, 0.847 to 1.190). Cox proportional hazards model analyses with regard to age (< 60 v > or = 60 years), stage, or number of involved nodes (none v one to three v > or = four nodes) revealed no interaction with @entity1349 or DFS. @entity137 was similar in the two groups. In the UFT+LV arm, 38.2% of @entity1 experienced any grade 3 or 4 toxic event compared with 37.8% of @entity1 in the FU+LV arm. Primary quality-of-life end points did not differ between the two regimens, although convenience of care analysis favored UFT+LV. CONCLUSION: UFT+LV achieved similar DFS and @entity1349 when compared with an intravenous, weekly, bolus FU+LV regimen. The two regimens were equitoxic and generally well tolerated.

title: Oral XXXX and tegafur plus @entity4181 compared with intravenous @entity1487 and @entity4181 in @entity5 of the colon: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-06.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II colon cancer', 'stage III colon cancer', 'stage II and III carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: A review of planning studies was undertaken to evaluate estimated risks of @entity15698 ( @entity15698 ) associated with different prostate radiotherapy techniques for @entity263 . A total of 83 publications were identified which employed a variety of methods to estimate @entity15698 risk. Of these, the 16 planning studies which specifically addressed absolute or relative second @entity5 risk using dose-response models were selected for inclusion within this review. There are uncertainties and limitations related to all the different methods for estimating @entity15698 risk. Whether or not dose models include the effects of the primary radiation beam, as well as out-of-field regions, influences estimated risks. Regarding the impact of IMRT compared to 3D-CRT, at equivalent energies, several studies suggest an increase in risk related to increased leakage contributing to out-of-field @entity15698 risk, although in absolute terms this increase in risk may be very small. IMRT also results in increased low dose normal tissue irradiation, but the extent to which this has been estimated to contribute to @entity15698 risk is variable, and may also be very small. IMRT is often delivered using 6MV photons while conventional radiotherapy often requires higher energies to achieve adequate tissue penetration, and so comparisons between IMRT and older techniques should not be restricted to equivalent energies. Proton and brachytherapy planning studies suggest very low @entity15698 risks associated with these techniques. Until there is sufficient clinical evidence regarding @entity15698 risks associated with modern irradiation techniques, the data produced from planning studies is relevant when considering which @entity1 to irradiate, and which technique to employ.

title: Second XXXX after radiation for @entity263 : a review of data from planning studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['RISPC', 'radiation induced second primary cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors measured pharmacokinetic parameters before, during, and after immunotherapy by continuous intrapleural infusion of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and correlated the resulting data with clinical effects in nine @entity1 with @entity3483 . METHODS: The underlying disease was @entity3620 in five @entity1 and @entity420 in four @entity1 . Continuous intrapleural infusion of @entity5041 was performed for 5 days at 21 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. Maximum tolerated dose previously was determined to be 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day in a Phase I study. Peak levels, the areas under the concentration curve (AUC), and drug half-lives were measured in pleural fluid and plasma samples collected at 0 (baseline), 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours during infusion and at 2, 6, 8, 32, 44, 56, 80, and 120 hours after the end of infusion. RESULTS: High and prolonged intracavitary drug levels were achieved in all but two @entity1 , with a statistically significant correlation between peak values and AUC. Four @entity1 achieved objective responses according to World Health Organization criteria. Neither of the @entity1 with undetectable @entity5041 levels had response to therapy. Serum @entity5041 levels were low regardless intrapleural levels. Mean AUC was lower in the plasma than in the pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that continuous intrapleural infusion of @entity5041 is an active method of treatment for @entity3483 . The low serum levels associated with this method greatly improve tolerance. The results also indicate that the concentration and duration of intrapleural @entity5041 levels may depend on the extent of @entity3 . Additional study is needed to confirm this finding.

title: Pharmacokinetics of intrapleural recombinant XXXX in immunotherapy for @entity3483 .

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the ability of time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect diffuse and localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects using a built-in normative database in @entity1 with early to moderate @entity726 . METHODS: Subjects with localized @entity227 confined to either hemifield were consecutively recruited. Only 1 eye per subject was considered. Among the 91 eyes with localized RNFL defects, 46 eyes with mean deviations matched to those of the 46 eyes with diffuse RNFL defects were selected for statistical analysis. This case-control study included 46 eyes with @entity2194 with localized RNFL defects. The fast RNFL thickness protocol of Stratus OCT was used. The clock-hour and quadrant sector parameters corresponding to the hemifield with the @entity227 were evaluated at P<0.05 with regard to the built-in normative database. The sensitivities of these parameters were compared between diffuse and localized RNFL defects. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the clock-hour sector parameter for diffuse RNFL defects (84.8%) was not significantly different than that for localized RNFL defects (80.4%) (P=0.78). The sensitivity of the quadrant sector parameter for diffuse RNFL defects (74.9%) was significantly higher than that for localized RNFL defects (52.3%) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The clock-hour parameter of time-domain OCT detected RNFL defects without significant difference in sensitivities between diffuse and localized patterns of RNFL loss in @entity735 . However, the quadrant parameter of OCT showed better sensitivity for diffuse RNFL defects than for localized RNFL defects.

title: Comparison of sensitivities for detecting diffuse and localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects with time-domain optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse RNFL defects and 46 eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the management of "no touch technique" surgical excision and @entity9762 in the treatment of corneo-conjunctival @entity320 . METHODS: Surgical excision for corneo-conjunctival @entity320 in six cases, from October 1989 to January 2004 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, were performed. The entire @entity5 were removed in one piece without touching the @entity5 (no touch technique). The incision was outlined 4-6 mm outside the pigmented conjunctival mass, and 2 mm outside the corneal component. Dissecting deep enough without any @entity5 cell left to yield a @entity5 -free bed. After surgical incision, the @entity2132 was covered with partial or total corneoscleral lamellar graft from fresh donor, and the conjunctiva defect was covered with or without amniotic membrane transplantation. All the @entity1 were followed up to 6 months. RESULTS: The @entity5 in the remaining conjunctival margins were completely removed by local dissection combined with cryotherapy in the six cases. Three cases were treated with partial @entity9762 , two cases with @entity9762 and one case with @entity9762 plus amniotic membrane transplantation. All cases were subsequently treated with 0.01% thiotepa eyedrops and supplemental @entity2699 chemotherapy. At the average 43.5 months follow-up time (14.6 years to 6 months), no evidences of local recurrence of @entity320 or distant metastasis were observed. CONCLUSION: The clinical study suggests that using surgical excision of "no touch technique" to @entity5 in whole piece with @entity9762 is effective in the treatment of corneo-conjunctival @entity320 .

title: [Management of corneo-conjunctival XXXX with "no touch technique" surgical excision and @entity9762 ].

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'remove tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['host eyeball defect']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['corneoscleral lamellar keratoplasty', 'total corneoscleral lamellar keratoplasty']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate numbers of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in @entity19417 associated @entity1333 and compare vasculitic relapse with limited @entity738 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with vasculitic relapse of @entity19417 associated @entity1333 and 12 @entity1 with limited @entity738 due to @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) were studied. Six @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity66 and six @entity1 with @entity1333 with @entity166 were also studied. Twenty two @entity1 in remission were studied, as were 20 healthy controls. Counting of CECs was performed with anti-CD146 driven immunomagnetic isolation and staining with Ulex Europaeus lectin 1(UEA-1). RESULTS: @entity1 with vasculitic relapse had markedly increased numbers of circulating endothelial cells (12-800 cells/ml, median 88 cells/ml) as did @entity1 with newly diagnosed systemic @entity1333 (20-216 cells/ml, median 56 cells/ml). @entity1 with limited @entity738 due to @entity2883 had only slightly increased cell numbers (4-44 cells/ml, median 20 cells/ml), which were similar to those of @entity1 in remission (4-36 cells/ml, median 16 cells/ml). Numbers of CECs in @entity1 with @entity738 were significantly lower than in those @entity1 with relapse or new onset @entity1333 (p<0.001). Cell numbers in @entity1 with relapse and new onset @entity1333 declined with immunosuppressive treatment. @entity1 with @entity281 had 4-36 cells/ml (median 10 cells/ml). A cut off value of 20 cells/ml for a positive result yielded 64% specificity and 95% sensitivity for active systemic @entity1333 ; the positive predictive value was 63% and the negative predictive value 95%. CONCLUSION: Markedly increased numbers of CECs discriminate active @entity1333 from limited @entity738 and remission. These findings add further proof to the concept of CECs as a marker of @entity19417 associated @entity10763 .

title: Circulating endothelial cells in relapse and limited XXXX due to @entity19417 associated @entity1333 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomatous disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 result from chronic inflammation of periapical tissues caused by continuous antigenic stimulation from infected root canals. Recent findings have suggested that @entity1198 and Th2-like cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of chronic periapical inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms regulating these immunoinflammatory pathways have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and @entity379 ) protein levels in @entity1 @entity9530 and @entity22361 . METHODS: Archived samples of cysts (n = 52) and @entity738 (n = 27) were sectioned and submitted to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the tissue expression of @entity3646 , IL-12, and @entity379 . The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05). RESULTS: An increased expression of @entity379 was observed in @entity9530 . @entity3646 expression was stronger in @entity22361 than in @entity9530 . IL-12 was not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity379 protein levels are increased in @entity9530 , whereas @entity3646 expression is stronger in samples of @entity22361 . Further studies are necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways mediated by these cytokines and to facilitate the development of more effective periapical disease management strategies.

title: @entity1198 and Th2-like protein balance in XXXX inflammatory @entity9530 and @entity22361 .

entities_list: @entity22361 :: ('MESH:D010484', 'Disease') :: ['periapical granulomas']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic dental periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'interferon y (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['radicular cysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of preincisional @entity1341 infiltration on @entity282 after tonsillectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: A secondary/tertiary referral center in Christchurch, New Zealand. @entity1 : A volunteer sample of 70 @entity1 , aged 16 to 42 years, with @entity5389 . Seven @entity1 were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: After randomization, one group received 5 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 in the peritonsillar space, with the @entity1 under general anesthesia. The other group received 5 mL of isotonic @entity2827 solution, with the @entity1 under general anesthesia. Both groups underwent surgery with a standardized surgical and anesthetic technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity282 was assessed with a visual analog scale at 15 minutes and 1, 4, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the procedure. Postoperative analgesic requirement, length of admission, and antiemetic requirement were also assessed. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the 2 groups for @entity282 by means of the visual analog scale at any time interval, nor was any statistical difference found for the other variables measured. A trend toward less @entity158 in the immediate postoperative period in the group receiving @entity1341 was noted. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant benefit is found for use of preincisional @entity1341 in tonsillectomy.

title: Preincisional @entity1341 in XXXX relief: a randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'bupivacaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['posttonsillectomy pain']


abstract: @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) has been demonstrated to have benefit in the modulation of systemic immunity in @entity295 . However, the effects of @entity7647 on local immunity and intra-lymphocyte cytokine expression have not been investigated in @entity19 with gut-derived @entity295 . This study evaluated the influence of a @entity7647 -enriched diet on @entity777 expression in organs and @entity630 / @entity61 type cytokine production within lymphocytes in septic @entity19 . Male ICR @entity19 were assigned to control and @entity7647 groups. The control group was fed a semi-purified diet, while in the @entity7647 group, @entity7647 replaced part of the casein. After feeding the respective diets for 3 weeks, @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). @entity19 were sacrificed at 0, 6, 12 and 24h after CLP and their organs were harvested for further analysis. Results showed that @entity777 levels in the liver were decreased, whereas levels were increased in the lungs, kidneys and intestines with the progression of @entity295 in both groups. Also, intra-lymphocyte interferon (IFN)-gamma expression decreased and @entity58 expression increased during @entity295 . Compared to the control group, the @entity7647 group had higher levels of @entity777 in the liver and lower levels in other organs at various time points. Lymphocyte @entity60 expression in the @entity7647 group was higher, and @entity58 levels were lower than those of the control group after CLP. These results suggest that @entity7647 supplementation decreased @entity777 production in non-hepatic organs, while reducing intra-lymphocyte @entity58 and enhancing @entity60 expressions. This change may reverse the @entity61 type response to a more-balanced @entity630 / @entity61 response during @entity295 .

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation modulates @entity630 / @entity61 cytokine and @entity777 expressions in septic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: To support that @entity158 syndrome (MPS) of gastrocnemius muscle is one cause of nocturnal @entity291 cramps, quantitative assessment of the efficacy of trigger point (TrP) injection compared with oral @entity4807 in the treatment of nocturnal @entity291 cramps (NCC) associated with MPS of gastrocnemius muscle was designed. Twenty four subjects with NCC and gastrocnemius TrPs were randomly divided into two groups of twelve for each treatment. @entity1 in group 1 were treated with @entity3303 injection at the gastrocnemius TrP, and 300 mg of @entity4807 p.o. was prescribed for @entity1 of group 2. The treatment period was four weeks with a follow-up 4 weeks later. Cramps were assessed quantitatively (in terms of frequency, duration, @entity158 intensity, cramp index, and @entity158 threshold of the gastrocnemius TrPs) before treatment, after treatment and at the end of the follow-up respectively. The outcome of treatment in both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in all quantitative aspects of cramps (95% confidence interval). Also the @entity158 threshold of the gastrocnemius TrP was significantly increased in group 1 only when comparing the pre-treatment and at the end of follow-up. In comparing the two groups we found no statistical difference during the period of treatment. The benefit of both strategies lasted up to four weeks following cessation of the treatment but the outcome of all measures (except @entity158 threshold) were found to be significantly better in the group treated with TrP injection. The results of this study support that gastrocnemius trigger point is one cause of NCC and show that the TrP injection strategy for NCC associated with @entity158 is not only as effective as oral @entity4807 during the treatment period but also better in the prolonged effect at follow-up.

title: The relationship between myofascial trigger points of gastrocnemius muscle and nocturnal XXXX cramps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

entities_list: @entity4807 :: ('MESH:D011803', 'Chemical') :: ['quinine', 'quinine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: The xanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids and are important structural components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Xanthophylls contribute to the assembly and stability of light-harvesting complex apoproteins (LHC) and contribute to photoprotection via non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Previously, mutations have been described that disrupt many steps in the xanthophyll biosynthetic pathway. However, there are no definitive reports of a lesion that effects the beta-hydroxylase enzyme, which catalyzes hydroxylation of the beta-rings of @entity2066 and @entity2077 , and is thus necessary for synthesis of essentially all xanthophylls of higher plant chloroplasts. We have utilized an antisense approach to effectively reduce levels of beta-hydroxylase in @entity958 in order to examine how a reduction in this enzyme impacts carotenoid biosynthesis and plant viability. Expression of the antisense beta-hydroxylase transgene resulted in a maximal reduction in @entity7693 of 64% and a maximal reduction in neoxanthin of 41%. This reduction was reflected in a 22% increase in @entity2066 and a reduction in the total carotenoid pool, whereas @entity8665 levels were relatively unaltered. Despite the reduction in @entity7693 and @entity51092 , the antisense beta-hydroxylase plants had a wild-type complement of @entity38 and LHCs on a fresh weight basis. Under high light stress, the unconverted pool of @entity7693 was the same size as in wild type and thus there was an even greater proportional reduction in @entity7695 of 75%. Despite this marked decrease in @entity7695 , NPQ only declined by 16%.

title: Antisense inhibition of the @entity2066 hydroxylase enzyme in XXXX and the implications for carotenoid accumulation, photoprotection and antenna assembly.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity2077 :: ('MESH:C041635', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-carotene']

entities_list: @entity7693 :: ('MESH:C005613', 'Chemical') :: ['violaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity51092 :: ('MESH:C011947', 'Chemical') :: ['neoxanthin']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is the most prevalent digestive disease of the modern society and has been associated with abnormalities in the larynx and pharynx (LPR). Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanisms involved in this atypical form of the disease. Contradictory clinical data suggest a defense deficit at this segment. Saliva with its organic and inorganic components is responsible for the homeostasis of the oral mucosa and the digestive tract. Salivary pH and @entity854 have been linked to laryngopharyngeal symptoms of @entity354 and LPR. In a recent study we demonstrated significant salivary pH reduction in @entity1 with LPR. Another study found correlation between reduced salivary pH and volume directly related to esophageal pH-metry results. AIM: To evaluate salivary pH and volume before and after clinical treatment of LPR. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-three adults with LPR had total fasting saliva tested before and after a 12-week course of oral proton pump inhibitor. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in salivary pH before and after treatment with increase of pH values after control of the disease (p<0.001). Salivary volumes of treated @entity1 were also significantly higher than in pre-treated @entity1 (p=0.009). DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that salivary pH and volume are influenced by the presence of gastroesophageal contents and that salivary pH monitoring can potentially become a cost-effective method for diagnosing and controlling LPR.

title: Comparative study of salivary pH and volume in adults with chronic laryngopharyngitis by XXXX before and after treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['volume abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-dose lipopolysaccharide ( @entity1990 ) preconditioning-induced liver protection has been demonstrated during @entity63 -reperfusion injury (IRI) in several organs but has not been sufficiently elucidated underlying causal mechanism. This study investigated the role of low-dose @entity1990 preconditioning on @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway as well as the effects of the pathway on tissue @entity32 in a @entity19 model of liver partial-warm IRI. METHODS: @entity1990 (100   g/kg/d) was injected intraperitoneally two days before @entity63 . @entity99 was evaluated based on serum @entity493 aminotransferase levels, histopathology, and @entity185 activity. The @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway and its related apoptotic molecules were investigated after reperfusion. The role of @entity1990 preconditioning on apoptosis and @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway was examined in vitro. Moreover, the effects of the @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway on apoptosis, @entity35123 , and @entity185 were determined with @entity2988 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Inflammatory cytokine expression was also checked after reperfusion. Inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways were analyzed in vitro in macrophages treated by @entity1990 preconditioning or @entity2988 siRNA. RESULTS: @entity1990 preconditioning significantly attenuated @entity99 after IRI. As demonstrated by in vitro experiments, @entity1990 preconditioning significantly reduced the upregulation of the @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway and inhibited @entity35123 and @entity185 activation after IRI. Later experiments showed that @entity2988 knockdown significantly suppressed @entity13841 , cleaved @entity35123 and @entity185 expression, as well as inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis. In addition, in @entity19 pretreated with @entity1990 , @entity637 and @entity777 were inhibited after reperfusion, whereas @entity1618 was upregulated. Similarly, low-dose @entity1990 significantly inhibited @entity637 , @entity777 , @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway, NF-kB pathway, and @entity8837 in high-dose @entity1990 -stimulated macrophages, whereas @entity1618 suppressor were induced. Importantly, @entity2988 siRNA is consistent with results of @entity1990 preconditioning in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first time to provide evidence for @entity1990 preconditioning protects hepatocytes from IRI through inhibiting @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway, which may be critical to reducing related apoptosis molecules and modulating innate @entity32 .

title: Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning protects hepatocytes from @entity63 /reperfusion injury (IRI) through inhibiting @entity2988 - @entity13841 pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'injury and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']