abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimuscarinic side-effects are relatively frequent problems in oral pharmacotherapy of @entity1344 and @entity409 of the @entity1494 . Results of recent clinical trials demonstrate differences in tolerance between antimuscarinic drugs. It is the purpose of this paper to relate the available clinical data to the pharmacological and physicochemical properties of the different antimuscarinic drugs, in order to discuss the reasons for this enhanced tolerance and to make possible modes for improvement of antimuscarinic therapy plainly visible. METHODS: Therefore, we reviewed the available literature using among others the computerized library systems Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) and Embase (Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Differences in tolerance of oral antimuscarinic drugs may result from muscarine-receptor selectivity, organ selectivity, and pharmacokinetic as well as physicochemical properties. While the roles of m-receptor and organ selectivity need more detailed clarification, influences of differences in bioavailability and physicochemical properties on the tolerance of antimuscarinic drugs are more sufficiently investigated. RESULTS: Generally, tolerance as well as efficacy of antimuscarinic drugs seem to be a complex result of a combination of various pharmacological properties distinguishing the individual substances. The enhancement of tolerance of @entity12594 , @entity2181 tartrate and @entity23455 compared to @entity11440 seems to be reached by different modes, from which the molecular structure -- @entity12594 and @entity2181 are @entity7030 , @entity23455 possesses a quarternary @entity3104 structure -- may be of great importance. First investigations with alternative transdermal and intravesical application routes show interesting possibilities for further improvement of antimuscarinic therapy in urological indications. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, from pharmacological and clinical data it becomes obvious that there are significant differences between antimuscarinic drugs, which are of clinical relevance and include possible @entity1021 points for the development of new drugs and application forms.

title: Importance of pharmacological and physicochemical properties for tolerance of antimuscarinic drugs in the treatment of XXXX and detrusor hyperreflexia--chances for improvement of therapy.

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity23455 :: ('MESH:C003330', 'Chemical') :: ['trospium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin chloride']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity7030 :: ('CHEBI:32876', 'Chemical') :: ['tertiary amines']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine hydrochloride', 'propiverine']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['detrusor instability']


abstract: Continuous infusion epidural @entity1337 (CIEA) using a mixture of @entity1341 and @entity3575 was evaluated in this randomized, double-blind study involving 75 nulliparous @entity1 by comparing the mixture (Group I, @entity1341 0.125% and @entity3575 4 micrograms.ml-1 -24 @entity1 ) with two concentrations of @entity1341 alone (Group II, @entity1341 0.25% - 24 @entity1 ; and Group III, @entity1341 0.125% - 27 @entity1 ). Epidural anaesthesia was established in Group I with 6 ml 0.125% @entity1341 with @entity3575 50 micrograms and in both Groups II and III with 6 ml 0.25% @entity1341 . In the @entity1 whose @entity158 score (Visual Analogue Scale) decreased by at least 50% within 15 min, CIEA was given until delivery. The initial infusion rate in all three groups was set at 7 ml.hr-1, but was decreased in the event of motor block or excessive sensory level. For inadequate @entity1337 , @entity1341 0.25% in 3 ml supplements was given every 30 min, as required. During the first stage of labour, 88% of @entity1 in Group I reported excellent or good @entity1337 compared with 92% of @entity1 in Group II (NS) and with 59% in Group III (P less than 0.05). The proportion of @entity1 reporting excellent/good @entity1337 during the second stage was approximately 65% in all three groups. The total cumulative dose of @entity1341 in Group I was 54 +/- 36 mg, compared with 107 +/- 47 mg for Group II (P = 0.001), and 71 +/- 41 mg for Group III (NS). Group I @entity1 required less supplementation with @entity1341 than either Group II or III @entity1 during the first stage but only with Group III @entity1 during the second stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Continuous infusion epidural @entity1337 for obstetrics: XXXX versus @entity1341 - @entity3575 mixture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves excitation of sensitizer molecules by visible light in the presence of molecular @entity26 , thereby generating reactive @entity26 species (ROS) through electron/energy transfer processes. The ROS, thus produced can cause damage to both the structure and the function of the cellular constituents resulting in cell death. Our preliminary investigations of dose-response relationships in a @entity1 @entity11 cell line (BMG-1) showed that disulphonated @entity26157 ( @entity26158 ) photodynamically induced loss of cell survival in a concentration dependent manner up to 1 microM, further increases in AlPcS2concentration (>1 microM) were, however, observed to decrease the photodynamic @entity137 . Considering the fact that for most photosensitizers only monotonic dose-response (survival) relationships have been reported, this result was unexpected. The present studies were, therefore, undertaken to further investigate the concentration dependent photodynamic effects of @entity26158 . METHODS: Concentration-dependent cellular uptake, sub-cellular localization, proliferation and photodynamic effects of @entity26158 were investigated in BMG-1 cells by absorbance and fluorescence measurements, image analysis, cell counting and colony forming assays, flow cytometry and micronuclei formation respectively. RESULTS: The cellular uptake as a function of extra-cellular @entity26158 concentrations was observed to be biphasic. @entity26158 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm with intense fluorescence in the perinuclear regions at a concentration of 1 microM, while a weak diffuse fluorescence was observed at higher concentrations. A concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in G2+M phase was observed after PDT. The response of clonogenic survival after @entity26158 -PDT was non-monotonic with respect to @entity26158 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results we conclude that concentration-dependent changes in physico-chemical properties of sensitizer such as aggregation may influence intracellular transport and localization of photosensitizer. Consequent modifications in the photodynamic induction of lesions and their repair leading to different modes of cell death may contribute to the observed non-linear effects.

title: Non-monotonic changes in clonogenic cell survival induced by disulphonated @entity26157 photodynamic treatment in a XXXX @entity11 cell line.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity26157 :: ('MESH:C060570', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum phthalocyanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: During bowel surgery, perioperative @entity190 and @entity551 can lead to transient @entity63 . Recent preclinical studies reveal that the strength of intestinal anastomoses can be compromised after reperfusion. So far, this phenomenon has not been investigated in the very first days of healing when wound strength is lowest. MATERIAL AND METHOD: @entity63 was induced in @entity35 by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and ileal branches for 30 min. Immediately after declamping, anastomoses were constructed in both terminal ileum and descending colon. The same was done in control groups after sham- @entity63 . Anastomotic bursting pressure and breaking strength were measured immediately after operation (day 0) and after 1, 2, or 3 days. Anastomotic @entity720 content, gelatinase activity, and histology were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In ileal anastomoses, at day 1, both the breaking strength and bursting pressure were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the @entity63 group, while at day 2, this was the case for the bursting pressure only. In the colon, the bursting pressure in the @entity63 group was lower at day 1. Anastomotic @entity720 content remained unchanged. Increased presence of the various gelatinase activities was found in ileum only at day 0 and in colon at days 1 and 2. @entity16 was found in @entity63 -reperfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Transient @entity5327 can negatively affect anastomotic strength during the very first days of healing, even if the tissue used for anastomotic construction looks vital.

title: Early anastomotic repair in the @entity35 intestine is affected by transient preoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Histological mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenously expressed 18-25-nucleotide RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression by binding to a target mRNA. Recently, it was indicated that miRs act as key regulators in cell differentiation, cell growth, and cell death. In osteogenesis, several miRs (for example @entity17309 , -125b, -133, and -135) regulate osteoblast cell growth or differentiation in @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem cells, @entity19 mesenchymal @entity19 stem cells, and @entity19 premyogenic C2C12 cells. Additionally, Smad proteins control @entity33329 -mediated @entity21445 maturation. Therefore, miRs are closely related to osteogenesis. Here we investigated @entity21445 expression profile by an @entity21445 array and identified the candidate miRs, @entity33330 , as pre-osteoblast differentiation-related miRs. The effects of @entity14902 and -200a on pre-osteoblast differentiation were examined by using transfection of @entity19 pre-osteoblastic @entity19 cells with mature @entity14902 or -200a and antisense inhibitor for @entity14902 or -200a. It was shown that @entity14902 and -200a remarkably modulated the @entity8385 -induced pre-osteoblast differentiation through the translational repression of @entity26308 , which is a bone-generating transcription factor expressed in pre-osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, it was indicated that @entity26308 is a common target of @entity14902 and -200a by using a luciferase reporter assay. Thus, we have observed for the first time that @entity14902 and -200a are involved in pre-osteoblast differentiation in part by regulating the expression of @entity26308 .

title: MicroRNA-141 and -200a are involved in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced XXXX pre-osteoblast differentiation by targeting @entity26308 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity6254 is a high affinity opiate agonist that can be used to localize mu opiate receptors in @entity1 by positron emission tomography (PET). A four-compartment model was used to obtain quantitative estimates of rate constants for receptor association and dissociation. PET studies were performed in five normal subjects in the absence and presence of 1 mg/kg @entity1510 . Arterial plasma concentration of @entity6254 and its labeled metabolites were determined during each PET study. The value of k3/k4 = Bmax/kD was determined for each subject in the presence and absence of @entity1510 . There was a significant reduction in the value of k3/k4 from 3.4 +/- 0.92 to 0.26 +/- 0.13 in the thalamus (p less than 0.01) and from 1.8 +/- 0.33 to 0.16 +/- 0.065 in the frontal cortex (p less than 0.001). Mean @entity550 were determined for the interval 35-70 min after injection when receptor binding is high relative to nonspecific binding. The relationship between the measured region/occipital cortex values and the corresponding values of k3/k4 in the presence and absence of @entity1510 was: regions/occipital cortex = 0.95 + 0.74 (k3/k4) with r = 0.98 (n = 20). Simulation studies also demonstrated a linear relationship between the thalamus/occipital cortex or frontal cortex/occipital cortex ratio and k3/k4 for less than twofold increases or decreases in k3/k4. Simulation studies in which thalamic blood flow was varied demonstrated no significant effect on the region/occipital cortex ratio at 35-70 min for a twofold increase or fourfold decrease in blood flow. Therefore, the region/occipital cortex ratio can be used to quantitate changes in k3/k4 when tracer kinetic modeling is not feasible.

title: Multicompartmental analysis of @entity6254 binding to opiate receptors in XXXX measured by positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['values of frontal cortex/occipital cortex and thalamus/occipital cortex ratios']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6254 :: ('MESH:C017114', 'Chemical') :: ['[11C]-carfentanil', '[11C]-Carfentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present our data regarding the efficacy and safety of combining @entity2643 and @entity1169 for the management of @entity943 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 aged between 0 and 18 years who received combination therapy with @entity2643 and @entity1169 for persistent monotherapy resistance tachyarrhythmia between 2007 and 2011 were included in the study. Treatment efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated by review of clinical signs and symptoms, 12-lead electrocardiogram, 24-hour Holter monitorization, liver enzymes, thyroid function tests, chest x-ray, and ophthalmologic examination. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 (15 male and 10 female) were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 17.9 months (0-132) and a mean weight of 8.65 kg (2.2-25). In 18 @entity1 , treatment was started before their first age. @entity591 persisted in two @entity1 despite combination therapy, and treatment regimen was changed. Complete control of the @entity943 was achieved within the first 2 months of combination treatment in 20 @entity1 , whereas in the remaining three @entity1 short attacks of @entity591 who responded to dose increases were controlled beyond 2 months of treatment and no recurrence were observed. Overall, success of @entity2643 - @entity1169 combination treatment was 92%. Mild elevation in thyroid-stimulating hormone level was observed in one @entity1 that required discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a combination of @entity2643 and @entity1169 is an effective and safe option for the treatment of persistent @entity943 in neonates and @entity1 , and may serve as a bridge to ablation therapy in older @entity1 .

title: The efficacy of @entity2643 - @entity1169 combination for the management of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: The efficacy of nicotinic transmission in the @entity35 superior cervical ganglion in vitro (24-26 degrees C) was estimated by extracellular recording of the postganglionic compound action potential response to stimulation of the preganglionic nerve at a slow rate (one shock every 60 s). @entity3897 (2 microM) was included to block muscarinic transmission, and @entity4033 (200-250 microM) was used to produce a submaximal response sensitive to potentiation and inhibition of nicotinic transmission. Upon exposure to 1-100 microM @entity8263 ( @entity11255 ), nicotinic transmission was potentiated by 6 +/- 1% (n = 4) to 89 +/- 5% (n = 5) in a dose-dependent manner. @entity5987 ( @entity7410 , 10-100 microM) also potentiated nicotinic transmission (3.8 +/- 0.3% (n = 3) to 43 +/- 4% (n = 3)). However, @entity11255 was at least 2-fold more effective than @entity7410 . @entity1854 (0.1 microM to 1 mM) and @entity4627 (0.1-100 microM) were used to stimulate the formation of endogenous cGMP52. Nicotinic transmission was potentiated by these substances also. The response was increased by 3.4 +/- 0.7% (n = 4) to 32 +/- 2% (n = 5) upon exposure to 0.1-100 microM @entity1854 , and by 5.5 +/- 0.9% (n = 3) to 18 +/- 4% (n = 4) upon exposure to 0.1-100 microM @entity4627 . @entity9588 ion (10-100 microM) appeared to be ineffective, as would be expected if the effect of @entity1854 was due to the @entity842 rather than the @entity3789 or ferric moieties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Potentiation of nicotinic transmission in the @entity35 superior cervical sympathetic ganglion: effects of cyclic GMP and XXXX generators.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'Sodium nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ["8-Bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity8263 :: ('MESH:C016276', 'Chemical') :: ["8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['Ferricyanide']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the emotional and social distress of caring for a @entity1 with @entity191 and to explore the impact of motor and mental symptoms in subjects with @entity191 on their caregivers' situation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study using self-report questionnaires to measure @entity147 and rating scales to assess @entity1 symptomatology. SETTING: Neurology and old age psychiatry services in Stavanger, Norway. SUBJECTS: Caregivers of 94 home-dwelling @entity1 with @entity191 . Two control groups ( @entity1 with @entity6 and healthy elderly). OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of @entity6100 in caregivers, including the Relative Stress Scale, Beck @entity308 Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: Caregivers, in particular spouses, had more severe @entity308 and a higher proportion reporting tiredness, sadness and less satisfaction with life compared with healthy elderly subjects. Using linear regression analysis, @entity1 predictors of @entity147 were @entity308 , functional and @entity73 , @entity2146 , aberrant motor behaviour and delusions. CONCLUSIONS: Caring for a spouse with @entity191 is associated with emotional and social distress, underlining the importance of also assessing the needs of carers. Mental symptoms of @entity191 @entity1 were the most consistent and powerful predictors of @entity147 , suggesting that identification and treatment of mental symptoms may reduce distress in caregivers of subjects with @entity191 .

title: Mental symptoms in @entity191 are important contributors to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social and emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['caregiver distress']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['caregiver distress']


abstract: @entity1310 can be induced in @entity35 by the injection of anti-kidney sera obtained from @entity95 immunized with suspensions of perfused rat kidney. @entity8 , thus prepared, contain a number of antibodies capable, on injection into @entity35 , of inducing a severe anaphylactoid reaction with general vascular manifestations that involve the kidney as well as other organs. These sera also contain a nephrotoxic agent that affects the kidney primarily. The nephrotoxic effect is characterized clinically by severe persistent @entity633 with casts, and transient @entity4 during the @entity697 , but no significant @entity811 occurs. When a severe anaphylactoid reaction is superimposed on the @entity130 , @entity811 is an outstanding feature. Nephrotoxin is demonstrable in vivo and is not related quantitatively to the precipitins in the anti-kidney serum against kidney extract. It is most readily obtained by immunization with kidney suspensions, but may occasionally appear after injections of other organ preparations; it does not result from immunization with erythrocytes or serum. Nephrotoxin is present in the globulin fraction of anti-kidney serum. The nephrotoxic action of anti-kidney serum is easily removed by absorption with kidney cells or fat-free kidney tissue. Similar preparations of @entity409 remove it, but less readily. Neither kidney, liver, or brain lipids affect it, nor does absorption with red blood cells or serum. Nephrotoxin appears to be an antibody that is relatively organ specific in its affinities. It differs from the more common antibodies involved in reverse anaphylaxis in one respect, at least: The animal rapidly becomes desensitized against the latter and fails to react, whereas desensitization to nephrotoxin is difficult to secure.

title: EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN XXXX INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM : I. PREPARATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEPHROTOXIN.

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['Nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Anti-kidney sera']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver likewise']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotoxic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['RATS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinically relevant kidney involvement is uncommonly described in adult @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). We sought to report on a series of @entity1 with @entity1577 and kidney biopsy-documented renal involvement. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: A retrospective study was undertaken in two referral centers for adult @entity1 with @entity1577 in Paris, France. @entity1 who had undergone a biopsy of native kidneys between 1992 and 2008 were identified, and their medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: We identified 13 adult @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity8 . @entity644 was present in all but two cases and was associated with progressive @entity8 in four patients (median serum @entity1011 85 micromol/L; range 53 to 144 micromol/L). Renal biopsy disclosed a heterogeneous spectrum of @entity8 including @entity2783 (n = 3), @entity2316 (n = 3), @entity15168 (n = 2), minimal-change disease (n = 1), postinfectious @entity631 (n = 1), @entity8 related to Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (n = 1), @entity8 (n = 1), and chronic interstitial @entity8 (n = 1). @entity177 occurred in five @entity1 , and one @entity1 reached @entity454 . CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, clinically significant @entity8 may arise in young adult @entity1 with @entity1577 . Given the wide spectrum of diseases that may be encountered, definite diagnosis by kidney biopsy is mandatory to optimize clinical treatment of these complex @entity1 , particularly in the perspective of organ transplantation.

title: @entity8 in XXXX : diseases spectrum and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'nephropathies', 'IgA nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'renal impairment', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: This study examined the feasibility of brief instruction in massage and touch therapy for caregivers ("partners") to provide comfort to @entity5 @entity1 . Fifty partners and 49 @entity1 participated. A longitudinal, within-subjects, repeated measures, control and intervention phases design used self-report instruments to assess feasibility via change in frequency, duration, partner-perceived self-efficacy, and @entity1 -perceived helpfulness over a 90-day follow-up. Exploratory data were collected on psychosocial and quality of life variables. Focus groups provided qualitative data. A structured 6-hour workshop taught basic manual techniques for comfort and relaxation, followed by home practice. Significant increases in frequency (1.2 vs 2.7 times per week) and duration (4.7 vs 12.2 minutes) of massage, both p < .001, were sustained through the 3-month follow-up. Partners' perceived self-efficacy in massage and @entity1 ' ratings of its helpfulness more than doubled. Classification tree analysis found caregiver burden, relationship quality, and frequency and duration of practice to predict individual responses. Inhibitions about touch in @entity5 caregiving may lead to unnecessary physical and emotional distancing at a time when @entity1 need touch the most. Brief instruction may be a feasible intervention to increase caregiver efficacy, @entity1 satisfaction, quality of life, and quality of the relationship.

title: Couples and XXXX : feasibility of brief instruction in massage and touch therapy to build caregiver efficacy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Coronary arterial changes in @entity4561 were evaluated by retrospectively analyzing 62 coronary angiograms of 42 @entity1 with abnormal coronary arteries. A total of 108 @entity439 on the initial studies were classified as follows: eight diffuse, 18 saccular, and 50 fusiform @entity439 and 32 localized areas of dilatation. These were also classified as large, medium, or small @entity439 . Approximately one-third of the @entity439 were in the right coronary artery and two-thirds in the left. Seventy percent of the @entity439 were located in the proximal portion of the coronary artery, 16% in the middle portion, and 14% in the distal portion. Sixteen @entity1 were followed up with angiography for periods ranging from 4 months to 8 years 11 months. At follow-up, 48% of the 62 @entity439 had regressed to normal, 37% were diminished in size, and 10% were unchanged. Small and medium-sized @entity439 frequently showed complete regression. In contrast, large @entity439 tended to persist, and stenotic lesions formed at or adjacent to the @entity439 in 41%. @entity439 larger than 9 mm in diameter, especially those that were diffuse in shape, carried a high risk of subsequent total occlusion.

title: Coronary angiographic abnormalities in XXXX : acute findings and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity4561 :: ('MESH:D009080', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome']

answer: @entity4561 :: (MESH:D009080,Disease) :: ['mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the levels of pulmonary @entity33817 ( @entity3231 , @entity9914 ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of @entity1 with @entity55 , and to explore their relationships with clinical characteristics. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity55 were enrolled in this study. Differential cell counts were obtained by Countstar counting board. The levels of @entity3231 and @entity9914 in BALF were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity55 , @entity9914 levels were significantly higher than @entity3231 levels (P<0.001). @entity9914 levels were negatively correlated with the neutrophil percentage in BALF (rs=-0.5255, P<0.01). @entity9914 levels in BALF in @entity1 with increased blood @entity1851 levels (>8   mg/L) were significantly lower than in those with a normal level of @entity1851 (P<0.05). Compared with those in @entity1 without wheezing, @entity9914 levels in @entity1 with wheezing were significantly lower (P<0.01). There was no correlation between @entity3231 levels and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9914 levels in BALF are significantly higher than @entity3231 levels, and have a certain correlation with clinical characteristics in @entity1 with @entity55 . As a protective factor, @entity9914 plays a more important role than @entity3231 in regulating the immune and inflammatory responses.

title: [Levels of XXXX in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of @entity1 with @entity55 and their relationships with clinical characteristics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity33817 :: ('653509;6441', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant proteins A and D']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity33817 :: (653509;6441,Gene) :: ['surfactant proteins A and D']


abstract: At the ultrastructural level two main categories of @entity154 can be distinguished in the aged @entity35 brain. These categories comprise [1] membranous inclusions within the basement membrane and [2] @entity11924 , which include microvascular @entity82 and thickening of the basement membrane (BMT). In this study we examined the percentage of microvessels displaying ageing-related @entity600 in the frontoparietal motor cortex of @entity35 aged 16, 24, 30 and 32 months. The percentage microvessels with membranous inclusions and @entity11924 both gradually increased until the age of 30 months, after which no further increase was observed. The percentage fibrotic microvessels, however, increased until the age of 30 months, but was decreased at 32 months. This decrease of fibrotic microvessels at 32 months coincided with a proportional increase of cerebral microvessels provided with a thickened basement membrane. Combined with qualitative observations these data suggest that in a very late stage of the ageing process collagen fibrils in microvascular fibrotic plaques are depolymerized and degradated. By this mechanism it appears that microvascular @entity82 is transformed into basement membrane thickening. Long-term application of the @entity460 entry blocker @entity3931 did not influence the amount of microvessels with membranous inclusions within the basement membrane, but in contrast resulted in a prominent reduction of ageing-related @entity11924 when administered from 24 to 30 months. The effect of a prolonged @entity3931 treatment from 24 to 32 months on the amount of @entity11924 was still significant, however, much less conspicuous. We now conclude that chronic administration of @entity3931 delays the formation of @entity11924 up to the age of 30 months. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of @entity3931 treatment from 24 to 30 months on microvascular integrity is not accompanied by a reduced systolic blood pressure.

title: Formation of @entity154 in the ageing XXXX is delayed by chronic @entity3931 application.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity11924 :: ('MESH:D017566', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular deposits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity44 is a true @entity5 that consists of tissues from all 3 embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. @entity11266 is very rare and accounts for only 2% of all @entity44 . We present 2 cases of @entity11266 associated with @entity2419 in newborns. The first case was a mushroom-like @entity44 arising from the base of the sphenoid bone with @entity2419 . This case was unique and interesting because no earlier paper has reported a @entity44 with such a clinical feature. The second case was a @entity44 from the nasal septum of an @entity2419 . The combination of the mass and @entity2419 made oral feeding difficult. Complete intraoral resection was performed in both cases. Typical components of true @entity44 were identified by microscopic examination after operation. @entity2419 reconstruction was performed before 1 year. Clinical follow-up continues, and no recurrence has been observed to date.

title: XXXX associated with @entity2419 in newborn: report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft palate', 'cleft palate', 'cleft soft palate', 'incomplete cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal teratomas', 'Nasopharyngeal teratoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas', 'Teratoma']

answer: @entity11266 :: (MESH:D009304,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal teratoma']


abstract: Current ration formulation systems used to formulate diets on farms and to evaluate experimental data estimate metabolizable energy (ME)-allowable and @entity1131 ( @entity1131 )-allowable milk production from the intake above animal requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth. The changes in body reserves, measured via the body condition score (BCS), are not accounted for in predicting @entity7493 . This paper presents 2 empirical models developed to adjust predicted diet-allowable milk production based on changes in BCS. Empirical reserves model 1 was based on the reserves model described by the 2001 National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy @entity291 , whereas empirical reserves model 2 was developed based on published data of body weight and composition changes in lactating dairy @entity291 . A database containing 134 individually fed lactating dairy @entity291 from 3 trials was used to evaluate these adjustments in milk prediction based on predicted first-limiting ME or @entity1131 by the 2001 Dairy NRC and Cornell Net @entity1735 and Protein System models. The analysis of first-limiting ME or @entity1131 milk production without adjustments for BCS changes indicated that the predictions of both models were consistent (r(2) of the regression between observed and model-predicted values of 0.90 and 0.85), had mean biases different from zero (12.3 and 5.34%), and had moderate but different roots of mean square errors of prediction (5.42 and 4.77 kg/d) for the 2001 NRC model and the Cornell Net @entity1735 and Protein System model, respectively. The adjustment of first-limiting ME- or @entity1131 -allowable milk to BCS changes improved the precision and accuracy of both models. We further investigated 2 methods of adjustment; the first method used only the first and last BCS values, whereas the second method used the mean of weekly BCS values to adjust ME- and @entity1131 -allowable milk production. The adjustment to BCS changes based on first and last BCS values was more accurate than the adjustment to BCS based on the mean of all BCS values, suggesting that adjusting milk production for mean weekly variations in BCS added more variability to model-predicted milk production. We concluded that both models adequately predicted the first-limiting ME- or @entity1131 -allowable milk after adjusting for changes in BCS.

title: Accounting for energy and protein reserve changes in predicting diet-allowable milk production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['ME and MP balances']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'metabolizable protein']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Current evidence indicates that acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ALTENS) can provide sustained benefit for established radiation-induced @entity2133 (RIX) symptoms. This is further being evaluated by comparing it with standard treatment ( @entity2134 ) in a randomized controlled trial. This report studies the potential effectiveness of @entity2133 prevention using ALTENS delivered concomitantly with radiotherapy administered to head and @entity135 @entity1 . Sixty @entity1 were randomized to either the treatment group (n = 30) that received ALTENS daily with radiotherapy or the control group (n = 26) that had @entity2133 care only. Stimulated and basal unstimulated whole saliva production (WSP) plus @entity227 ( @entity227 ) were assessed at specific time points. Generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. @entity227 at 3 months follow-up after therapy completion was used as the primary study endpoint. The mean @entity227 for the ALTENS intervention at 3 months was 39.8, which was not significantly different from the control arm value of 40.5. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for their mean @entity227 and WSP at all assessment time points. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in mean WSP and @entity227 between the two groups, so ALTENS is not recommended as a prophylactic intervention.

title: Phase II Randomized Trial of Acupuncture-Like Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation to Prevent Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['RIXVAS', 'RIX symptoms visual analogue score']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['standard mouth', 'xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated as mediators for ovarian remodeling events, and are involved with ovarian recrudescence during seasonal breeding cycles in Siberian hamsters. However, involvement of these proteases as the photoinhibited ovary undergoes @entity194 and regression had not been assessed. We hypothesized that 1) MMPs and their tissue inhibitors, the TIMPs would be present and differentially regulated during the normal estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters, and that 2) MMP/ @entity2843 mRNA and protein levels would increase as inhibitory photoperiod induced @entity2670 . METHODS: @entity1476 and @entity16617 mRNA and protein were examined in the stages of estrous (proestrus [P], estrus [E], @entity196 [ @entity196 ], and diestrus II [DII]) in Siberian hamsters, as well as after exposure to 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of inhibitory @entity851 ( @entity168 ). RESULTS: @entity1495 exhibited a 1.6-1.8 fold decrease in mRNA expression in DII (p<0.05), while all other MMPs and TIMPs tested showed no significant difference in mRNA expression in the estrous cycle. Extent of immunostaining for @entity5379 peaked in P and E then significantly declined in @entity196 and DII (p<0.05). Extent of immunostaining for @entity1551 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 was significantly more abundant in P, E, and @entity196 than in DII (p<0.05). Localization of the MMPs and TIMPs had subtle differences, but immunostaining was predominant in granulosa and theca cells, with significant differences noted in staining intensity between preantral follicles, antral follicles, corpora lutea, and stroma classifications. No significant changes were observed in MMP and @entity2843 mRNA or extent of protein immunostaining with exposure to 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks of @entity168 , however protein was present and was localized to follicular and luteal steroidogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS: Although MMPs appear to be involved in the normal ovarian estrus cycle at the protein level in hamsters, those examined in the present study are unlikely to be key players in the slow @entity194 of tissue as seen in Siberian hamster ovarian regression.

title: Ovarian matrix metalloproteinases are differentially regulated during the estrous cycle but not during XXXX induced regression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short photoperiod']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['diestrus I', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian degeneration']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short photoperiod']


abstract: A population model was derived for light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), subject to the @entity249 ( @entity249 ). The model was parameterized from the literature and from recent laboratory studies conducted in New Zealand and Australia. Relationships were fitted for several model parameters that vary with irradiation dose, allowing the model to simulate effectively complete sterility at 300 Gy through @entity74 occurring from lower doses. At 300 Gy, the model suggests that eventual population extinction is 95% probable when the ratio of released to wild males in monitoring traps exceeds 6.4. Higher overflooding rates would be required to achieve eradication more rapidly. The optimal release interval, in terms of minimizing the required rate of production of factory moths, is approximately weekly. There is little advantage in releasing males only compared with releasing both sexes. Female-only releases are unlikely to be a useful tool for @entity74 eradication because there is no reduction in the fertility of F1 offspring. The critical release rate required to halt population increase declines with decreasing irradiation dose, but at doses of < 171 Gy there is a risk that irradiated-lineage moths may form a self-sustaining population, making eradication by @entity249 alone impossible. The model suggests that a dose of around 200 Gy may be optimal because the resulting @entity74 would reduce by a third the number of factory moths required compared with 300 Gy.

title: Modeling the XXXX for suppression of light brown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'sterile insect technique']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited sterility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['sterile insect technique']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and safety of an emergency duplex ultrasound (EDUS) evaluation performed by emergency physicians in the emergency department. METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity1 suspected of having their first episode of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) presenting to the emergency department were included in the study. All examinations were performed by emergency physicians trained with a 30-hour ultrasound course. Based on EDUS findings, @entity1 were classified into one of three groups: normal, abnormal, and uncertain. @entity1 with abnormal and uncertain findings were initially treated as having a @entity1150 . @entity1 with normal EDUS findings were discharged from the emergency department without anticoagulant therapy. A formal duplex ultrasound evaluation was repeated by a radiologist in all @entity1 within 24-48 hours. @entity1 with normal findings on duplex ultrasound evaluation were followed up for symptomatic @entity1211 for up to one month. RESULTS: A total of 399 @entity1 were studied. The EDUS findings were normal in 301 (75%), abnormal in 90 (23%), and uncertain in eight (2%). All abnormal test results were confirmed by the formal duplex ultrasound evaluation, and three @entity1 (0.8%) with uncertain findings on EDUS examination were subsequently diagnosed as having a distal @entity1150 (positive predictive value, 95% [95% confidence interval, 92% to 95%]; negative predictive value, 100% [95% confidence interval = 99% to 100%]). No @entity1 with normal findings on EDUS examination died or experienced @entity1211 at the one-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EDUS examination yielded a high negative predictive value and good positive predictive value, allowing rapid discharge and avoiding improper anticoagulant treatment.

title: Duplex ultrasound in the emergency department for the diagnostic management of clinically suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: A fresh strain of @entity1641 @entity1651 virus is infectious for adult @entity19 in high dilutions by all modes of peripheral inoculation. A fixed strain has very limited invasive power when injected peripherally unless virus is placed in fairly close contact with nerve cell bodies, as in the intranasal or intraocular routes. For fixed virus the effectiveness of the mode of inoculation may be graded in the following descending order: intracerebral, intraocular and intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous. Fixed virus has a very limited power of invading the central nervous system along the axones of peripheral nerves even when injected directly into the nerve. @entity1 are more susceptible to @entity281 than are adults. But even for @entity1 , intraperitoneal inoculation with fixed virus is significantly less effective than similar inoculations with fresh virus. @entity131 does not increase the effective titer of fresh or fixed viruses but may shorten the incubation period for fresh virus. With fixed virus injected intramuscularly, a pronounced facilitating effect may be produced by the simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of 0.20 to 0.25 cc. of 50 per cent @entity653 . Other irritants tried are without effect.

title: STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : IV. INFECTION IN THE XXXX WITH FRESH AND FIXED VIRUS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MOUSE']


abstract: A 41-year-old @entity1 presented in the Emergency Department with suspected @entity2054 of lower left leg ( @entity908 kinase [CK]: 12,502 IU/L, Cr: 4.31 mg/dL). Fasciotomy of the four limb compartments was conducted. By day 2, the @entity1 presented @entity1458 during previous 24 h, so daily intermittent dialysis was carried out. On day 12, the @entity1 presented an episode of @entity2259 due to Staphylococcus hominis. Treatment with @entity2176 was initiated and was changed after 4 days to @entity13757 due to unsatisfactory clinical progression (6 mg/kg every 48 h, according to renal function and @entity1 's weight) (CK: 2,972 IU/L). After 15 days of treatment, the dose of @entity13757 was increased to 6 mg/kg every 24 h (CrCL: 46 mL/min, CK: 83 IU/L). The antibiotic was continued for another 4 days. Fourteen days later, the @entity1 was discharged (CK: 26 IU/L). @entity13757 could be prescribed in some @entity1 with elevated CK values. A cut-off value of baseline CK for use of @entity13757 needs to be determined.

title: Normalization of XXXX kinase values in a case of rhabdomyolysis during @entity13757 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1243 is an important adipose tissue-derived hormone that has been shown to be involved in pathophysiological mechanisms related to @entity65 and @entity6 . However, few studies have examined the association between plasma @entity1243 and @entity6 in @entity1 . Also, it is not clear if this association is present among @entity1 as well as in @entity1 . Therefore, we examined the association between plasma @entity1243 levels and @entity6 in a representative multiethnic sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: We examined the 1988-1994 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) @entity1 >20 years of age (n   =   5,599, 54.7% @entity1 ). Plasma @entity1243 levels were categorized into quartiles ( @entity1 , <7.68   fg/L, 7.68-13.18   fg/L, 13.19-21.70   fg/L, >21.70   fg/L; @entity1 , <2.64   fg/L, 2.64-4.36   fg/L, 4.37-7.12   fg/L, >7.12   fg/L). @entity6 was defined as fasting @entity413 >= 126   mg/dL, non-fasting @entity413 >= 200   mg/dL or use of oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin (n   =   395). RESULTS: Higher plasma @entity1243 levels were initially found to be associated with @entity6 after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, @entity167 intake, @entity101 , serum @entity165 and @entity1851 [odds ratio (OR), 3.79; confidence interval (CI), 2.05-7.00; P trend <0.0001). However, when we additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI), the association between plasma @entity1243 levels and @entity6 disappeared in both @entity1 (OR, 1.07; CI, 0.59-1.94; P trend   =   0.5004) and @entity1 (OR, 0.86; CI, 0.49-1.51; P trend   =   0.2819). CONCLUSION: Higher plasma @entity1243 levels are not independently associated with @entity6 after adjustment for BMI. The null association was evident both in @entity1 as well as in @entity1 .

title: Association between plasma @entity1243 levels and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Vibrational analysis of @entity29966 ( @entity29967 ) at different water uptakes was conducted. This molecule mimics the @entity7483 end of the @entity19588 (  ) side-chain. As the proton leaves the @entity26618 group, structural changes within the @entity19588 (  ) side-chain take place. They are revealed by signal shifts in the infrared spectrum. Molecular modeling is used to follow structural modifications that occur during @entity4785 . To confirm the accuracy of the proposed structures, infrared spectra were computed via quantum chemical modeling based on density functional theory. The requirement to use additional diffuse functions in the basis set is discussed. Comparison between simulated infrared spectra of 1 and 2 acid molecules with different water contents and experimental data was performed. An accurate description of infrared spectra for systems containing 2 Tf @entity2145 was obtained.    2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Simulated infrared spectra of @entity29966 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['proton dissociation']

entities_list: @entity26618 :: ('CHEBI:29214', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity29966 :: ('MESH:C012077', 'Chemical') :: ['triflic acid']

entities_list: @entity7483 :: ('CHEBI:33543', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonate']

answer: @entity4785 :: (MESH:D004213,Disease) :: ['proton dissociation']


abstract: @entity1700 ( @entity1700 ) is an important radiological feature of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) that can aid in differential diagnosis, but the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity1700 have yet to be elucidated. We present the first @entity99 case for which a probable mechanism for @entity1700 is described. The @entity1 was a 46-year-old @entity1 , who had a growing 6-cm @entity5 with @entity1700 in segment 3 of the liver as revealed by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Left hepatic lobectomy was performed to prevent @entity5 rupture. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the excised @entity5 indicated @entity99 . Successive microsections of the @entity5 were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Victoria blue to visualize the vascular structure within and around the @entity5 . These analyses led to three major findings. First, many well-defined thick-walled vessels, such as arteries, were found entering the @entity5 . Second, many thick-walled vessels within the @entity5 were connected directly to thin-walled vessels, resembling arteriovenous fistulae. Finally, thin-walled intratumoral vessels were connected directly to the hepatic vein. These histological findings suggested that the rich arterial flow into the @entity5 was being rapidly drained into the hepatic vein through intratumoral arteriovenous connections. We also detected these same anomalous circulatory pathways in tissue sections from three of four additional @entity99 cases with @entity1700 . Aberrant arteriovenous fistulae within the @entity5 may account for many cases of @entity1700 in @entity99 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity99 due to an intratumoral structure resembling an arteriovenous fistula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['Early venous return', 'EVR']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic angiomyolipoma', 'HAML']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['Early venous return']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the diagnostic validity and therapeutic value of lumbar facet joint interventions in managing @entity1643 . METHODS: The review process applied systematic evidence-based assessment methodology of controlled trials of diagnostic validity and randomized controlled trials of therapeutic efficacy. Inclusion criteria encompassed all facet joint interventions performed in a controlled fashion. The @entity158 relief of greater than 50% was the outcome measure for diagnostic accuracy assessment of the controlled studies with ability to perform previously @entity158 movements, whereas, for randomized controlled therapeutic efficacy studies, the primary outcome was significant @entity158 relief and the secondary outcome was a positive change in functional status. For the inclusion of the diagnostic controlled studies, all studies must have utilized either placebo controlled facet joint @entity616 or comparative local anesthetic @entity616 . In assessing therapeutic interventions, short-term and long-term reliefs were defined as either up to 6 mo or greater than 6 mo of relief. The literature search was extensive utilizing various types of electronic search media including PubMed from 1966 onwards, Cochrane library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, clinicaltrials.gov, along with other sources including previous systematic reviews, non-indexed journals, and abstracts until March 2015. Each manuscript included in the assessment was assessed for methodologic quality or risk of bias assessment utilizing the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies checklist for diagnostic interventions, and Cochrane review criteria and the Interventional Pain Management Techniques - Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment tool for therapeutic interventions. Evidence based on the review of the systematic assessment of controlled studies was graded utilizing a modified schema of qualitative evidence with best evidence synthesis, variable from level   I   to level V. RESULTS: Across all databases, 16 high quality diagnostic accuracy studies were identified. In addition, multiple studies assessed the influence of multiple factors on diagnostic validity. In contrast to diagnostic validity studies, therapeutic efficacy trials were limited to a total of 14 randomized controlled trials, assessing the efficacy of intraarticular injections, facet or zygapophysial joint nerve @entity616 , and radiofrequency neurotomy of the innervation of the facet joints. The evidence for the diagnostic @entity616 with at least 75% @entity158 relief with ability to perform previously @entity158 movements was level   I, based on a range of level   I   to V derived from a best evidence synthesis. For therapeutic interventions, the evidence was variable from level II to III, with level II evidence for lumbar @entity616 and radiofrequency neurotomy for long-term improvement (greater than 6 mo), and level III evidence for lumbosacral zygapophysial joint injections for short-term improvement only. CONCLUSION: This review provides significant evidence for the diagnostic validity of @entity616 , and moderate evidence for therapeutic radiofrequency neurotomy and therapeutic @entity616 in managing @entity1643 .

title: Management of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['validity of lumbar facet joint nerve blocks', 'blocks', 'facet joint nerve blocks']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Protein A from @entity794 , in soluble form or coupled to Sepharose beads, acts as a polyclonal B cell activator (PBA) for @entity1 lymphocytes in blood and spleen. PBA activity was demonstrated in spleen cells by the ability of protein A to induce the formation of intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis and to activate polyclonal antibody secretion demonstrated against @entity2822 -coupled @entity742 erythrocytes in a modified @entity2142 in gel assay. More plaqueforming cells (PFC) were seen in unseparated cells than in purified B cells. In blood lymphocytes, only few PFC were activated by soluble protein A. Protein A increased DNA synthesis in blood and spleen cells. At a concentration of 100 microgram/ml the peak response was on day 4 or 5, but at 1 microgram/ml the peak response occurred later. On day 4 of culture, high mitogenic activity was seen in unseparated lymphocytes or mixtures of separated B and T cells, whereas in enriched B and T cell suspensions activity was low. On day 7, however, DNA synthesis in both the enriched B and T cells was higher than in mixtures of B and T cells. Protein A stimulated DNA synthesis in thymus cells with a peak response on day 6. It is concluded that protein A alone or as an IgG complex can activate both B and T cells, though the mechanism of activation is not known and may be different for B and T cells.

title: Activation of @entity1 B and T lymphocytes by protein A of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of clinical and microbiological investigations available in limited resource settings for an effective diagnosis of @entity281 /abnormal vaginal microbiota among pregnant @entity1 . As an outcome of the study we intended to find the association of various @entity281 during pregnancy with @entity3152 . Pregnant @entity1 presenting for routine antenatal care at an antenatal clinic in south India were enrolled in the study. Each @entity1 underwent clinical and microbiological examinations for the diagnosis of @entity281 such as @entity6981 ( @entity6981 ), @entity363 ( @entity363 ) and trichomoniasis. In addition, Gram's stained high-vaginal smears were evaluated for the presence of partial @entity6981 and @entity365 . Diagnostic accuracies of clinical diagnosis for the aforementioned infections was determined in comparison with gold standard microbiological diagnosis. Proportion of @entity1 with @entity281 were estimated using descriptive statistics and incidence risk ratio for @entity3152 with each form of the infection was estimated using univariate analysis. A total of 790 pregnant @entity1 were recruited in the study. Positive predictive values of clinical diagnosis for @entity6981 , @entity363 in comparison with reference method were 72.7, 33.5 and 37.6% respectively. Partial @entity6981 (3.2%) and @entity365 due to mixed bacterial etiology (9.4%) were per exclusionem diagnosed using the microbiological smear examination. Microbiological diagnosis of @entity6981 and @entity365 were found to have a statistically significant association with @entity3152 . Effective diagnosis of @entity281 /abnormal vaginal microbiota associated with @entity3152 can be achieved by the adjunct of microbiological smear examination of the vaginal smears to the clinical examination in limited resource settings.

title: Screening of @entity281 during pregnancy in resource constrained settings: Implications on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis', 'VVC', 'VVC and Trichomoniasis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections', 'vulvovaginal infections']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['BV', 'bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: A 75-year-old Caucasian male presented with generalized @entity410 half-hour post-transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. The intra-operative course was complicated by perforation of the posterior wall of the bladder neck during a difficult Foley catheter placement. This resulted in intraperitoneal extravasation of the @entity2228 containing bladder irrigation fluid. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and 3.5-4   L of fluid was drained from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative course was complicated by two @entity410 within a short interval. @entity1 developed profound @entity2753 (Na of 109   mEq/L). However, measured serum osmolality was normal (283   mOsm/kg). The serum osmolality remained relatively stable, indicating that the absorbed @entity2228 and its metabolites remained osmotically active in the intravascular space (until they were dialyzed as mentioned later), making the @entity2753 less pernicious and an unlikely cause of @entity1 's symptoms. The @entity75 and @entity410 were ascribed to accumulation of toxic metabolites of @entity2228 , especially @entity3265 (serum level -1261   mcmol/L). During a complicated postoperative period, @entity1 developed @entity177 , and was started on slow low-efficiency dialysis for 8 hours resulting in rapid lowering of serum @entity3265 levels and @entity2228 with reversal of @entity75 including @entity410 . There was no recurrence of @entity75 , @entity410 , or @entity520 . Although rare, @entity2228 @entity137 may be life threatening. The pathophysiology, need for early detection and the role of early use of renal replacement therapy in acute @entity2228 @entity137 is discussed below.

title: XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oligo-anuric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Postprostatectomy seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To demonstrate the expression of lymphotactin and its receptor (XCR) in the iris/ciliary body and popliteal lymph node, and to clarify their roles in experimental autoimmune anterior @entity1596 (EAAU). METHODS: @entity1596 was induced in Lewis @entity35 by injection of melanin-associated antigen into the peritoneum and footpad. At defined time points, mRNA expression levels of lymphotactin and XCR in the iris/ciliary body and popliteal lymph node were measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lymphotactin levels in @entity7462 and serum after immunization were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In a separate experiment, an NF-kB inhibitor, @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ; 200 mg/kg/day), was injected daily into the intraperitoneum after immunization. Cellular sources of lymphotactin were determined by immunhistochemical staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Lymphotactin mRNA was upregulated in the iris/ciliary body with a peak level at day 14, which is in line with the disease course. XCR mRNA was expressed maximally and then declined gradually from days 5 to 21. With an expression pattern similar to that of mRNA expression, lymphotactin in @entity7462 had attracted corresponding numbers of leukocytes. @entity14568 markedly inhibited the expression of lymphotactin in @entity7462 and serum. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that the expression of @entity25482 was detected in infiltrated inflammatory cells, dominantly CD8+ T cells, and increased along with @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The lymphotactin and XCR interaction might direct distinct lymphocytes subsets to inflammatory sites. Lymphotactin could regulate the inflammatory process. Lymphotactin expression may be modulated, at least in part, through the NF-kB signaling pathway.

title: Expressions of lymphotactin and its receptor, XCR, in Lewis @entity35 with experimental autoimmune anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25482 :: ('MESH:C018997', 'Chemical') :: ['lymphotactin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Low-intensity lasers have been utilized in medicine in two ways: for local stimulation and for stimulation of acupuncture points. Literature data reveal that this method has been indiscriminately applied in psychiatry, rheumatology, gynecology, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, in diverse acute and chronic @entity158 , @entity32 , @entity455 , @entity951 , @entity565 . Most commonly reported clinical effects are analgesia, spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as faster wound and @entity79 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study analyses effects of laser biostimulation on @entity1 with @entity5641 . The analysis included 25 @entity1 treated at the Institute of @entity358 in Sremska Kamenica during 2000, 2001 and 2002. Apart from conservative treatment, these @entity1 were treated with laser biostimulation of acupuncture points and local region for ten days. During treatment, changes of present clinical signs, general symptoms, radiological findings, as well as changes of some relevant biochemical parameters were recorded. RESULTS: Results were compared with the control group which included the same number of @entity1 , who differed from the examined group only by not being exposed to laser biostimulation. The examined group of @entity1 with @entity5641 presented with quicker resorption of @entity1143 , less @entity456 , more significant decrease of clinical symptoms, especially @entity158 , as well as more significant increase of @entity701 and immunoglobulin A and decrease of circulating immune complexes (CIC), leukocytes and sedimentation rate than the control group. DISCUSSION: Mechanisms of laser biostimulation in treatment of @entity5641 were described in detail and the obtained results were correlated to those reported by other authors. CONCLUSION: 1. @entity1 with @entity5641 undergoing laser stimulation presented with faster resorption of effusion and remission of the subjective symptoms, as well as significant decrease of biochemical acute @entity32 parameters in the peripheral blood and therefore with faster recovery. 2. In @entity1 with @entity5641 laser treatment increases regenerative mechanisms of the pleural surface, thus decreasing the quantity of formed adhesions and resulting in better mobility of the diaphragm.

title: [Laser biostimulation in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammations']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleurisy', 'pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Diseases']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity5641 :: (MESH:D010998,Disease) :: ['pleurisy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although histone acetylation, an epigenetic modification, has been reported to be related to the progression of various diseases, its involvement in @entity9161 is unclear. METHODS: Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 were used as a model of @entity9161 in this study. The @entity35 were divided into three groups: (i) normal-salt diet group, (ii) high-salt diet group ( @entity8682 ), and (iii) @entity8682 administered daily with @entity6108 , a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor ( @entity8682 +C). At 6 weeks after the treatment, the kidneys were dissected. Morphologic changes were assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. The number of macrophages, fibroblasts and the cells expressing acetylated histone H3 at Lys 9 (H3K9) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Although both @entity8682 and @entity8682 +C @entity35 revealed a marked @entity101 , serum @entity1011 was increased only in @entity8682 @entity35 at 6 weeks. In the @entity8682 @entity35 , @entity9161 was induced, accompanying a significant accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. The @entity32 and @entity82 was markedly suppressed in the @entity8682 +C group. The level of histone acetylation at Lys 9 was enhanced in the @entity8682 @entity35 , whereas @entity6108 administration suppressed the histone acetylation. Moreover, in the @entity8682 @entity35 , @entity568 gene expression was associated with acetylated H3K9, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that @entity6108 ameliorates @entity9161 via suppression of histone acetylation, independently of @entity101 .

title: XXXX ameliorates @entity9161 via suppression of histone acetylation independent of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['Curcumin']


abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been called an important mediator of @entity65 due to immunological reactions including anaphylaxis and endotoxic reactions. According to previous reports, @entity5567 dose-dependently decreases ventricular contractility and coronary flow rates. Diverse mechanisms of the PAF-induced cardiodepressive effects have been postulated. Besides direct receptor stimulation, the release of other vasoactive mediators such as the eicosanoids has been reported. In this study, an attempt was made to characterize the direct PAF effects on the coronary circulation of the isolated constant pressure perfused @entity840 heart. A further objective was to evaluate whether PAF releases the potent vasoconstrictor @entity2871 A2 in biologically relevant amounts. A continuous intracoronary infusion of the selective PAF antagonist @entity6849 (3.7 x 10(-9) mol/min and 1.1 x 10(-7) mol/min, related to coronary flow rates of 1 ml/min) induced a dose-dependent vasodilation resulting in final perfusate concentrations of 2.5 x 10(-6) mol/l and 5.5 x 10(-5) mol/l, respectively. An intracoronary bolus injection of PAF in a submaximal dose (2.3 x 10(-10) mol, related to coronary flow rates of 1 ml/min) markedly decreased coronary flow rates and produced a significant increase in immunoreactive @entity7489 levels in the coronary effluent. @entity6849 antagonized the PAF-induced coronary constriction in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, @entity2871 release ceased entirely. In contrast, the selective @entity2871 A2 receptor antagonist @entity28122 (0.9 x 10(-4) mol/1) attenuated the initial phase of coronary constriction only moderately. It is therefore concluded that the detected @entity2871 release plays a subordinate role in the PAF-mediated coronary effects.

title: Platelet-activating factor-induced coronary constriction in the isolated perfused XXXX heart and antagonistic effects of the PAF antagonist @entity6849 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular shock']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity and repair of these lesions is often mutagenic. How and where DSBs are formed is a major question conveniently addressed in simple model organisms like @entity375 . NUMTs, nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin, are present in most eukaryotic genomes and probably result from the capture of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments into chromosomal breaks. NUMT formation is ongoing and was reported to cause de novo @entity1 @entity74 . Study of NUMTs is likely to contribute to the understanding of naturally occurring chromosomal breaks. We show that @entity6739 NUMTs are exclusively located in noncoding regions with no preference for gene promoters and, when located into promoters, do not affect gene transcription level. Strikingly, most noncoding regions comprising NUMTs are also associated with a DNA replication origin (ORI). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that chromosomal NUMTs are probably not acting as ORI on their own but that mtDNA insertions occurred directly next to ORIs, suggesting that these loci may be prone to DSB formation. Accordingly, induction of excessive DNA replication origin firing, a phenomenon often associated with @entity1 @entity5 formation, resulted in frequent @entity377 deletion events within ORI3001 subtelomeric chromosomal locus, illustrating a novel aspect of DNA replication-driven genomic instability. How mtDNA is fragmented is another important issue that we addressed by sequencing experimentally induced NUMTs. This highlighted regions of @entity6739 mtDNA prone to breaking. Together with an analysis of @entity1 NUMTs, we propose that these fragile sites in mtDNA may correspond to replication pause sites.

title: Genome-wide mapping of nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences links DNA replication origins to chromosomal double-strand break formation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'S. pombe']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify relations between alterations in electrical and permeability data with time and to elaborate accompanying structural changes of intestinal segments in Ussing chamber experiments. METHODS: Excised intestinal segments from the @entity35 were studied in a modified Ussing chamber. Experiments were run up to 180 minutes during which the electrical parameters, @entity1726 , SCC, and R, were measured and the permeability coefficients (Papp) of @entity2656 and @entity1169 were determined. Each segment was observed under the light microscope for morphological evaluation. RESULTS: @entity1726 and SCC values showed a decrease for most segments while the R values remained steady throughout the experiment. The Papp for @entity1169 increased aborally to the small intestine. For @entity2656 , the reversed was observed. In some cases, there was a time-dependent change in permeability for these marker molecules. The main morphological changes observed were a decreased nucleo-apical distance, decreased villi amplification factor, initial @entity4 , cell sloughing, and epithelial restitution. CONCLUSIONS: The time-dependent changes in permeability coefficients of @entity2656 and @entity1169 are suggested to be related to changes in electrical parameters and morphological alterations. Presented data illustrates the importance of information regarding time-dependent structural changes for correct interpretation of permeability data.

title: Evaluation of viability of excised XXXX intestinal segments in the Ussing chamber: investigation of morphology, electrical parameters, and permeability characteristics.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Perforation of the chest (open pneumothorax) with and without @entity651 can cause air accumulation in the chest, positive intrapleural pressure and lead to @entity2701 pneumothorax if untreated. The performance of chest seals to prevent @entity2701 physiology depends partially on their ability to adhere to the skin and seal the chest wound. Novel non-occlusive vented chest seals were assessed for their adhesiveness on skin of live @entity1707 under normal and extreme environmental conditions to simulate austere battlefield conditions. METHODS: Chest seals were applied on the back of the @entity1707 on skin that was soiled by various environmental contaminants to represent battlefield situations. A peeling (horizontal rim peeling) and detachment and breaching (vertical pulling) techniques were used to quantify the adhesive performance of vented chest seals. Among eight initially selected vented seals, five (Bolin, Russell, Fast breathe, Hyfin and SAM) were further down-selected based on their superior adherence scores at ambient temperatures. The adherence of these seals was then assessed after approximately 17h storage at extreme cold (-19.5  C) and hot (71.5  C) temperatures. RESULTS: Adherence scores for peeling (above 90%) and detachment scores (less than 25%) were comparable for four vented chest seals when tested at ambient temperature, except for the Bolin seal which had higher breaching. Under extreme storage temperatures, adherence peeling scores were comparable to those at ambient temperatures for four chest seals. Scores were significantly lower for the Bolin seal at extreme temperatures. This seal also had the highest detachment and breaching scores. In contrast, the Russell, Fast breathe, Hyfin and SAM seals showed similar ability to stay air tight without breaching after hot storage. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was found in skin adherence of the five vented chest seals at ambient temperature and the four seals (Russell, Fast breathe, Hyfin and SAM) maintained superior adherence even after exposure to extreme temperatures compared to the Bolin. To select the most effective product from the 5 selected vented chest seals, further functional evaluation of the valve of these chest seals on a chest wound with the potential for @entity2701 in the pneumothorax or @entity2004 is warranted.

title: Adherence evaluation of vented chest seals in a XXXX skin model.

entities_list: @entity2004 :: ('MESH:D006468', 'Disease') :: ['hemopneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop instruments that measure the severity of @entity7492 ( @entity2695 Severity Scale [HSS]) and the complications of @entity7492 for longitudinal use ( @entity2695 Dynamic Complication Scale [HDCS]). DESIGN: Instrument development and reliability study. SETTING: Academic research. @entity1 : The HSS and the HDCS were developed through the collaborative effort of members of the @entity2695 Investigator Group Research Core, an expert multi-institutional research group. After development of the scales, 13 pediatric dermatologists used the HSS to score 20 different @entity2695 . In addition, 12 pediatric dermatologists used the HDCS to score @entity532 for 24 clinical scenarios. Interrater and intrarater reliability was measured for both scales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interrater and intrarater reliability. RESULTS: For the HSS, interrater reliability and intrarater reliability exceeded 99%. Similarly, the HDCS had a high rate of interrater agreement; for individual items, agreement among raters was 67% to 100%, with most clinical scenarios demonstrating greater than 90% agreement. Intrarater reliability was excellent for all individual items of the HDCS. CONCLUSION: The HSS and the HDCS are reliable scales that can be used to measure the severity of @entity7492 , including the severity of complications for longitudinal use.

title: Measuring the severity of XXXX : instrument development and reliability.

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma-related complications']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas', 'Hemangioma']

answer: @entity7492 :: (MESH:C535860,Disease) :: ['infantile hemangiomas']


abstract: In the @entity19 isolated vas deferens the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) recorded intracellularly from smooth muscle cells varied with the strength of stimulation. Receptor type selective opioids were tested in this preparation. The mu-agonist @entity34636 (2,000 nmol/l) reduced the amplitude of e.j.p.s and shifted the stimulus-response curve in a parallel way to the right. By contrast, the kappa-agonist @entity4596 (1,000 nmol/l) and the delta-agonist @entity11053 (2 nmol/l) caused a non-parallel shift of the curve. In addition, opioids having a lower selectivity for one type of receptor were also used. The preferential kappa-agonists @entity8540 (40 nmol/l) and @entity9768 (100 nmol/l) produced parallel and non-parallel shifts, respectively. Thus, @entity34636 and @entity8540 were more effective in depressing e.j.p.s evoked by low intensities of stimulation than those evoked by high intensities of stimulation. @entity4596 , @entity9768 and @entity11053 caused an equal depression of e.j.p.s evoked by either intensity of stimulation. The preferential mu- and delta-antagonists @entity1510 (1,000 nmol/l) and @entity33606 (10,000 nmol/l), reversed the action of the respective agonists @entity34636 and @entity11053 . In addition, @entity33606 (10,000 nmol/l) reversed the action of @entity9768 , as well. The preferential kappa-antagonist @entity4597 (1,000 nmol/l) prevented the effect of both @entity8540 and @entity4596 . It is concluded that under the conditions of these experiments @entity34636 and @entity8540 acted at mu-, @entity4596 at kappa-, and @entity9768 and @entity11053 at delta-receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effect of stimulation strength in XXXX vas deferens on inhibition of neuroeffector transmission by receptor type selective opioids.

entities_list: @entity11053 :: ('MESH:D016308', 'Chemical') :: ['[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin', '[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity8540 :: ('MESH:D016314', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylketocyclazocine']

entities_list: @entity34636 :: ('MESH:C010616', 'Chemical') :: ['normorphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A frequent manifestation of advanced @entity2 is @entity3147 , timely identification and treatment of which can lead to improved @entity1 outcomes. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy-to-use and non-invasive technique to evaluate changes in body composition and nutritional status. We investigated the prognostic role of BIA-derived phase angle in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A case series of 165 stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 @entity1 treated at our center. The Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle, independent of stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history. RESULTS: 93 were males and 72 females. 61 had stage IIIB disease at diagnosis while 104 had stage IV. The median phase angle was 5.3 degrees (range = 2.9 - 8). @entity1 with phase angle <or= 5.3 had a median survival of 7.6 months (95% CI: 4.7 to 9.5; n = 81), while those with > 5.3 had 12.4 months (95% CI: 10.5 to 18.7; n = 84); (p = 0.02). After adjusting for age, stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history we found that every one degree increase in phase angle was associated with a relative risk of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.97, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We found BIA-derived phase angle to be an independent prognostic indicator in @entity1 with stage IIIB and IV @entity1149 . Nutritional interventions targeted at improving phase angle could potentially lead to an improved survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in clinical practice: implications for prognosis in stage IIIB and IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A brief survey of bibliography on heart and pericardial @entity3 resulting from @entity153 is followed by a report on our autopsy findings in 110 @entity1 suffering from @entity153 . In 29 cases, i.e. 26 p.c., heart and pericardial @entity3 were found. In three cases, only the heart was affected, in 16 cases only the pericardium, and in 10 cases both heart and pericardium were involved. In 27 cases, they were spread by way of the blood and were mostly part of a general formation of hematogenous @entity3 . In-growth exclusively from primary @entity5 regions was found only in two cases. In 19 cases, @entity3 were both hematogenous and grown-in per continuitatem. Anatomicopathologically, 18 @entity1 had a @entity4153 , 10 a @entity957 , and one showed an @entity420 . While 15, i.e. 14%, of our 110 @entity1 , on whom we performed an autopsy, had died from arrosion @entity548 , this was true only in one case in the group of 29 @entity1 with heart and pericardial @entity3 . Radiation side effects in the form of lung and pericardial fibroses in the @entity1 , who had generally been treated with @entity1953 60 gamma rays, were confirmed by autopsy findings only in one third in both cases as compared with the findings by X-ray diagnosis during life. Lung fibroses were found in 16 cases (14%), and pericardial fibroses in 6 cases (5.5%). They were not strictly dependent on the dose.

title: [Heart and pericardial @entity3 resulting from XXXX . Side effects of radiotherapy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Monocytes and their progeny are abundant constituents of the @entity5 microenvironment in @entity1071 , including @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Monocyte-derived cells, including nurse-like cells (NLC) in @entity1072 , promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival, confer resistance to chemotherapy, and are associated with more rapid disease progression. @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ) regulates the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Therefore, we sought to determine whether @entity6823 is similarly required for NLC survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity6823 expression by NLC was examined by flow cytometry and IHC. @entity6823 blocking studies were performed using an antagonistic mAb to examine its role in NLC generation and in @entity1072 survival. A rational search strategy was performed to identify a novel @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting @entity6823 . The influence of TKI-mediated @entity6823 inhibition on NLC and @entity1072 viability was examined. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the generation and survival of NLC in @entity1072 is dependent upon @entity6823 signaling. @entity6823 blockade is associated with significant depletion of NLC and consequently inhibits @entity1072 B-cell survival. We found that the @entity4016 / @entity7801 inhibitor @entity35358 suppresses @entity6823 signaling, thereby preventing the generation and survival of NLC and impairs @entity1072 B-cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6823 is a novel therapeutic target that may be exploited in @entity1071 , like @entity1072 , that are dependent upon @entity706 -associated macrophages. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6118-28.   2016 AACR.

title: Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Is Required for Nurse-like Cell Survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor', 'CSF-1R']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity35358 :: ('MESH:C561234', 'Chemical') :: ['pacritinib']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that maternal consumption of @entity3978 -rich foods after the third trimester of pregnancy may interfere with the anatomical and functional activity of the fetal heart as, to our knowledge, there are no validated instruments to quantify total @entity6398 in pregnant @entity1 . The aim of this study was evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with 52 items, to assess the intake of @entity3978 -rich foods in pregnant @entity1 in Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 120 pregnant @entity1 who participated in nutritional interviews in two moments. The intake of @entity6398 estimated by the developed FFQ was compared with the average of two 24-h recalls (24HR), with the average intake measured by a 3-day food diary (D3days) and with the urinary excretion of total @entity6398 . The triangular method was applied to calculate Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman plots for the FFQ, using an independent biochemical marker, in addition to classification by quarters of consumption. The questionnaires were log transformed, adjusted for body mass index and gestational age. The adjustment for energy was applied only of 24HR and D3days. Analysis of the reproducibility between the FFQ showed a very high correlation (r   =   0.72; P   <   0.05). A low but significant association was observed between the FFQ and urinary excretion (0.23; P   =   0.01). The association between the dietary survey methods was moderate to very high (r   =   0.36 to r   =   0.72; P   <   0.001). In conclusion, this questionnaire showed reproducibility and validity for the quantification of consumption of total @entity6398 in pregnant @entity1 .

title: Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for consumption of XXXX -rich foods in pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']