abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1283 is accompanied by significant alterations in energy metabolism. Whether these changes in energy metabolism precede and contribute to the development of @entity712 in the hypertrophied heart is not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity19 were subjected to @entity1283 secondary to pressure-overload as a result of an abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The rates of energy substrate metabolism were assessed in isolated working hearts obtained 1, 2, and 3 weeks after AAC. @entity19 subjected to AAC demonstrated a progressive development of @entity1283 . In vivo assessment of cardiac function (via echocardiography) demonstrated @entity67 by 2 weeks (20% increase in E/E'), and @entity299 by 3 weeks (16% decrease in % ejection fraction). Marked @entity299 by 2 weeks post-AAC was evidenced by a significant decrease in insulin-stimulated rates of glycolysis and @entity413 oxidation, and plasma membrane translocation of @entity413 transporter 4. Overall @entity855 production rates were decreased at 2 and 3 weeks post-AAC (by 37% and 47%, respectively) because of a reduction in mitochondrial oxidation of @entity413 , @entity880 , and @entity1718 that was not accompanied by an increase in myocardial glycolysis rates. Reduced mitochondrial complex V activity was evident at 3 weeks post-AAC, concomitant with a reduction in the ratio of @entity1734 to @entity855 . CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity299 and decreased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are early metabolic changes in the development of @entity1283 , which create an energy deficit that may contribute to the progression from @entity1184 to @entity712 .

title: Cardiac insulin-resistance and decreased mitochondrial energy production precede the development of @entity712 after pressure-overload XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'cardiac insulin-resistance']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: Molecules that bind recombinant @entity1192 (rIL-1) beta and rIL-1 receptor antagonist ( @entity19646 ) with high affinity were detected in sera of healthy individuals. @entity3426 bound with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range, and the serum binding capacity was 40-50 ng/ml. @entity19646 bound with 30 times higher affinity, and the serum binding capacity was 0.7-1 ng/ml. Rabbit antibodies against the recombinant-derived extracellular part of @entity1 @entity1192 receptor type I (rsIL-1RI) selectively inhibited the binding of 125I- @entity19646 to the serum factor(s). Almost 70% of the high-affinity @entity1193 -binding capacity was recovered after immunosorption with these antibodies. Binding of 125I- @entity19646 to rsIL-1RI was blocked by @entity8885 and by @entity3426 . In contrast, the purified @entity19646 -binding factor (IL-1raBF) failed to bind @entity8885 and @entity3426 . Gel filtration chromatography indicated a 1:1 binding of @entity3426 and @entity19646 to their respective serum factors. The apparent molecular size of both serum factors was 70-80 kDa. Using @entity214 -PAGE and autoradiography, IL-1raBF had a molecular size of 60 kDa. We conclude that IL-1raBF, a serum factor which selectively and with high affinity binds @entity1193 (Kd = 70 pM), is related to or identical with a soluble form of @entity10496 . If upregulated during disease, IL-1raBF may constitute yet another level of natural regulation of @entity1192 bioactivities.

title: Specific binding of @entity1192 (IL-1) beta and @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) to human serum. High-affinity binding of XXXX to soluble @entity1192 receptor type I.

answer: @entity1193 :: (3557,Gene) :: ['IL-1ra']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The water-perfusable tissue index (PTI) is assumed to differentiate viable myocardium from scar tissue, but histological comparisons in @entity1 are lacking. The present study compares PTI with delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), a validated marker of fibrotic tissue, in @entity1 with @entity1002 . In addition, the optimal PTI threshold for detection of @entity296 was defined when DCE-MRI was taken as a reference. MATERIALS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1002 were studied with positron emission tomography, using @entity26 -15-labeled water and @entity1223 as tracers, and DCE-MRI. RESULTS: Of the 200 analyzed segments, 112 demonstrated DCE and were subsequently divided in three subgroups according to the severity of enhancement. PTI was 1.04 +/- 0.21 in control segments and gradually decreased with increasing extent of DCE to 0.77 +/- 0.31 for segments with transmural enhancement (p < 0.001). However, PTI progressively underestimated @entity1188 size with increasing quantities of scar tissue (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). A PTI cutoff value of 0.89 yielded the best diagnostic accuracy for detection of @entity296 with sensitivity and specificity values of 75 and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PTI is inversely related to the extent of scar tissue estimated by DCE-MRI in @entity1 with @entity741 and @entity1002 . However, with increasing quantities of scar tissue, PTI overestimates the extent of residual viable tissue. A PTI threshold of 0.89 yields the best diagnostic accuracy for viability detection.

title: Impact of scar on water-perfusable tissue index in XXXX : Evaluation with PET and contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction', 'ischemic LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']


abstract: We investigated @entity3658 , @entity877 and @entity878 expressions including balance and intratumoral vessels in the role of angiogenesis of @entity1204 . Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 133 @entity1 with @entity1204 , including 73 with G1, 34 with G2, and 26 with G3. The levels of @entity3658 , @entity877 and @entity878 expressions were expressed as staining score. Total vessel count (TVC), microvessel count (MVC) and mean @entity6520 ( @entity6520 ) in the @entity2280 -stained tissues were measured in five hot spot areas at x 200 magnification by image cytometry. These results were compared with high and low @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expressions. @entity3658 , @entity877 , @entity878 and @entity2280 were expressed in the cytoplasm of @entity5 cells. A significant correlation was found among @entity3658 , @entity877 and @entity878 expressions. In high @entity7 cases, @entity3658 expression was correlated negatively with TVC and MVC, but positively with @entity6520 , and the Angl < @entity877 group was significantly higher in TVC and MVC and tended to be smaller in @entity6520 than the @entity3658 > @entity877 group. @entity6520 was significantly larger in G3 than in G1. The @entity3658 < @entity877 balance may be one of the key factors for angiogenesis of @entity1204 in the presence of high @entity7 expression.

title: Angiopoietin-1, 2 and XXXX expressions in @entity1204 --the @entity877 dominant balance up-regulates @entity5 angiogenesis in the presence of @entity7 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial (endometrioid) adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'vessel diameter']

answer: @entity878 :: (7010,Gene) :: ['Tie2']


abstract: Intraoperative evaluation of primary parathyroid specimens historically has been difficult. Frozen section diagnosis is not reliable and time-consuming. A visible rim of compressed normal parathyroid tissue is seen histologically surrounding a @entity3243 and absent in @entity3243 . Adjuncts such as radionuclide scanning and intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels help but are indirect methods of evaluation. Intraoperative digital specimen radiography (IDSR) of specimens is a novel technique that was compared with frozen section analysis. The study spanned a 12-month period. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity459 met eligibility criteria. Resected parathyroid specimens were evaluated with the Bioptics PiXarray100 digital radiograph system and pathologic evaluation. Thirty-nine specimens were evaluated with IDSR, reflecting three @entity1 with multiple glands excised. Thirty @entity1 were pathologically found to have @entity652 (83%) and six were @entity1373 (17%). Twenty-seven of 30 @entity652 specimens had an IDSR visible rim of compressed tissue (sensitivity 90%) and no @entity1373 specimens had an IDSR visible rim (specificity 100%). Fisher's exact test was significant (P = 0.000). Frozen section correctly diagnosed @entity652 in only 16 of 30 specimens (sensitivity 53%). IDSR of parathyroid specimens is a powerful modality in the real-time differentiation of @entity3243 from @entity1373 (sensitivity 90%). This technique is noninferior to the current "gold standard," frozen section (sensitivity 53%). We propose IDSR evaluation of all parathyroid surgical specimens for the immediate diagnosis of @entity652 .

title: A unique use of intraoperative digital specimen radiography in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia', 'parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma versus hyperplasia', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Little is known about the mechanisms leading to chronic neck-shoulder @entity85 ( @entity85 ). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare motor function during controlled, low load, repetitive work together with chronic or acute experimental neck-shoulder @entity158 . The clinical study was performed on workers with (n = 12) and without (n = 6) chronic neck-shoulder @entity158 . In the experimental study, experimental @entity925 was induced in healthy subjects by intra-muscular injection of hypertonic saline into the trapezius muscle (n = 10). The assessed parameters related to motor performance were: work task event duration, cutting forces, surface electromyogram (EMG) activity in four shoulder muscles, displacement of the centre of pressure, and arm and trunk 3D movements. For controlled cutting force levels, chronic and acute experimental @entity158 provoked a series of changes: a decreased working rhythm and a protective reorganisation of muscle synergy (experimental study), higher EMG frequency contents which may indicate altered motor unit recruitment, and greater postural activity and a tendency towards increased arm and trunk movements. These @entity158 -related changes can play a role in the development of @entity85 . The present clinical and experimental study demonstrated similar interactions between motor co-ordination and neck-shoulder @entity158 in occupational settings. We therefore suggest that this experimental model can be used to study mechanisms related to @entity85 . Information on such modulatory processes may help in the design of new strategies aimed at reducing the development of @entity85 .

title: Shoulder muscle co-ordination during chronic and acute experimental neck-shoulder @entity158 . An occupational XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSD']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study traced the location, extent, and pathway of sensory feedback after the mechanical stretching of a lateral spinal ligament in young @entity1573 . The pathway was traced by locating the sites of @entity13342 protein production in neuronal cell bodies at various sites in the nervous system. OBJECTIVES: To trace the location, extent, and pathway of sensory feedback after the mechanical stretching of a lateral spinal ligament in young @entity1573 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The innervation of ligaments is thought to form part of a protective feedback mechanism to provide stability for joints. The precise pathway and extent of the feedback for spinal ligaments is currently unknown. Such information would provide a clear focus for future studies, especially for diseases such as @entity1635 where it has been suggested that there is abnormality in perception of sensory feedback. METHODS: The intertransverse ligament on the right side at T3-T4 in 4-week-old @entity1573 was exposed by blunt dissection. After @entity13342 production resulting from the surgery had been stopped, the ligament was stretched mechanically and repeatedly for 60 minutes using a 300-g weight. Various areas of the nervous system then were sectioned and processed immunohistochemically to identify areas of @entity13342 production in nerve cell bodies. The presence of @entity13342 indicated neurons that had been stimulated by the stretching the ligament, including interneurons along the feedback pathway. RESULTS: @entity13342 protein was identified in nerve cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia and intermediate gray matter of the spinal cord at the level of stimulation as well as at several spinal cord levels above and below the site of stimulation. Identification was made on the ipsilateral and the contralateral sides, although the extent of @entity13342 production was less on the contralateral side. @entity13342 presence also was identified in sympathetic ganglia at these sites. Nerve cell bodies in the combined nucleus cuneatus and gracilis in the medulla oblongata, the vestibular nuclei, and the thalamus also contained @entity13342 -positive particles. CONCLUSIONS: Stretching a single lateral ligament of the spine produces a barrage of sensory feedback from several spinal cord levels on both sides of the spinal cord. This sensory information also is transferred to higher levels in the brain, including the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus, the vestibular nuclei, and the thalamus. These sites of @entity13342 production suggest the locations of pathways for this sensory information, which include the dorsal columns and the spinocerebellar tracts. The information obtained from this study provides a clear focus for future studies in this area, particularly for diseases such as @entity1635 where it is thought that incorrect perception of sensory information from the ligaments might be a major contributing factor.

title: Identification of the location, extent, and pathway of sensory neurologic feedback after mechanical stimulation of a lateral spinal ligament in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are frequently isolated from @entity291 with @entity1271 . A main virulence factor of CNS is the ability to adhere and form biofilms. The intercellular gene cluster adhesion (ica) operon is one factor involved in biofilm production although ica-independent factors are also involved. Previous reports based on the results of @entity5938 and @entity794 suggested that ica is highly conserved between species, but this detection decreases in other CNS biofilm producers. In this study we evaluated the presence of the icaA gene in strains of @entity794 spp. isolated from the milk of @entity291 with @entity1271 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-seven staphylococci strains were evaluated by detecting the icaA gene. A new set of PCR primers was designed by consensus region of eight staphylococci from GenBank. Species characterization was performed using the Kloos and Schleifer scheme. RESULTS: We identified the presence of the gene in @entity794 (n:4), @entity12581 (n:4), and @entity13998 strains (n:2). We also, identified the presence of the gene in S. xylosus (n:5) for the first time. The icaA gene was not detected in S. capitis (n:1), @entity5938 (n:2), @entity5940 (n:2), S. saccharolyticus (n:1), @entity13999 (n:4) and @entity8803 (n:3). The icaA gene was detected in 40.54% (15/37) of the CNS evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the presence of the ica operon in various species of CNS pointing to polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) as the most important component for the formation of biofilms.

title: The icaA gene in staphylococci from @entity291 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['S. saprophyticus']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the lateralizing value of @entity302 ( @entity302 ) recorded during overnight sleep-EEG studies in @entity1315 . Because @entity302 are more prevalent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep than in wakefulness, overnight sleep-EEG recordings may contribute additional lateralizing information to the @entity302 surgery evaluation beyond daytime EEGs. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects with medically refractory @entity1315 underwent continuous overnight sleep-EEG recordings. Subjects were @entity410 free > or =24 h before study and receiving stable doses of medication. The IED foci recorded on overnight studies were compared with daytime EEGs, interictal samples, and ictal recordings during long-term monitoring, brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs), and surgical outcome. RESULTS: (a) In all 24 subjects, including 13 without @entity302 on daytime EEGs, temporal @entity302 were present during NREM sleep and were exclusively or predominantly (>95%) unilateral in 15 and bitemporal in nine. (b) Unilateral NREM @entity302 were concordant with surface or depth ictal-onset regions in 14 subjects, even if MRIs were normal (three subjects) or surface ictal-onset regions were bilateral (five subjects). Eleven of 12 subjects with unilateral concordant NREM @entity302 who have undergone surgery are @entity410 free. (c) Bitemporal @entity302 were associated with @entity410 in all subjects with normal MRIs or widespread MRI abnormalities. However, all subjects with bitemporal @entity302 and MRI hippocampal abnormalities concordant with ictal-onset regions had good to excellent surgical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: When combined with other investigations, @entity302 recorded on overnight studies add prognostic data to the @entity302 surgery evaluation not provided by daytime EEGs.

title: Lateralizing value of interictal spikes on overnight sleep-EEG studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['IEDs', 'interictal epileptiform discharges', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: GOAL OF WORK: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms whereby low-intensity laser therapy may affect the severity of @entity3136 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hamster cheek pouch model of @entity3136 was used with all animals receiving intraperitoneal @entity1487 followed by surface irritation. Animals were randomly allocated into three groups and treated with a 35 mW laser, 100 mW laser, or no laser. Clinical severity of @entity33 was assessed at four time-points by a blinded examiner. Buccal pouch tissue was harvested from a subgroup of animals in each group at four time-points. This tissue was used for immunohistochemistry for @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and factor VIII (marker of microvessel density) and the resulting staining was quantified. MAIN RESULTS: Peak severity of @entity33 was reduced in the 35 mW laser group as compared to the 100 mW laser and control groups. This reduced peak clinical severity of @entity33 in the 35 mW laser group was accompanied by a significantly lower level of @entity3840 staining. The 100 mW laser did not have an effect on the severity of clinical @entity33 , but was associated with a decrease in @entity7 levels at the later time-points, as compared to the other groups. There was no clear relationship of @entity7 levels or microvessel density to clinical @entity33 severity. CONCLUSION: The tissue response to laser therapy appears to vary by dose. Low-intensity laser therapy appears to reduce the severity of @entity33 , at least in part, by reducing @entity3840 levels and associated inhibition of the inflammatory response.

title: XXXX and @entity7 expression in @entity1487 -induced @entity3136 in hamsters: evaluation of two low-intensity laser protocols.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['Cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: @entity75 such as @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) and @entity1137 are nonmalignant lesions that are associated with significant increased risk of developing @entity0 . @entity75 have been reported to present with focal increased radiotracer uptake on breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) examination, a novel physiologic tool for the detection of @entity0 . To date the sensitivity of BSGI in the detection of atypical lesions has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity of BSGI in detecting @entity28648 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1316 @entity1 who received a BSGI exam between January 2006 and July 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive biopsy and subsequent surgical excision where the highest pathology was solely @entity28648 (reported as ALH, @entity1137 in @entity1137 ), according to the pathology database were included (n = 15). The sensitivity was determined as the percentage of positive BSGI exams out of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity28648 who received a BSGI. RESULTS: @entity1 ages ranged from 39 to 67 (mean, 52). Eight of 15 @entity1 had @entity28648 , and 1/15 @entity28648 in one lesion. Fifteen of the 15 (100%) @entity1 with surgically confirmed @entity28648 had a positive BSGI, with focally increased radiotracer uptake at the site of the verified high-risk lesion. CONCLUSION: BSGI has a high sensitivity for the detection of atypical, high-risk breast lesions. A diagnosis of an @entity75 is concordant with focal increased radiotracer uptake with BSGI and can identify @entity1 at increased risk for @entity0 .

title: Breast-specific gamma imaging in the detection of XXXX and @entity1137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular neoplasia', 'lobular carcinoma', 'situ or lobular neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical lesions', 'atypical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity28648 :: ('MESH:D018299', 'Disease') :: ['ADH and lobular neoplasia', 'ADH, 6/15 lobular neoplasia', 'ADH or lobular neoplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['atypical ductal hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pregnancy has an effect on the maternal electrocardiographic response to stress. DESIGN: Eight maternal ECG parameters were screened before, during and after exercise induced @entity591 at 29 and 37 weeks gestation and at 6 weeks post partum for each @entity1 . SETTING: General Hospital in Safed, Israel. SUBJECTS: Fifteen healthy, pregnant @entity1 aged 22 to 34 years with singleton pregnancies volunteered from the peripheral antenatal clinics. INTERVENTION: Exercise stress tests were performed on a Quinton 3000 treadmill stress test system according to a Modified Bruce Protocol, producing a heart rate of 85% of age predicted maximum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ST-segment, T-wave, QRS complex, @entity2270 , rhythm, disorders of impulse conduction, the P-Q and Q-T intervals were screened before, during and after the exercise test. RESULTS: The study results suggest an increase in the ST-segment changes induced by stress at 37 weeks of pregnancy compared to 29 weeks ( @entity308 in 6 @entity1 out of 15 versus 2, P = 0.125, McNemar's Test for Correlated Proportions-Exact Test, two tailed; 95% CI, 0.042-0.492, 0.01 < P < 0.05) and to the post partum test ( @entity308 in 6 @entity1 out of 15 versus 1, P = 0.125; 0.029-0.637, 0.01 < P < 0.05). No significant alteration of the other ECG parameters. No significant correlation between blood haemoglobin level, serum levels of @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity413 and @entity53 with the appearance of the ECG change. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the exercise induced @entity1347 at 37 weeks of pregnancy may be another physiological effect of late pregnancy which has not been demonstrated previously.

title: The effects of exercise induced XXXX on the maternal electrocardiogram.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-depression']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit resulting from the use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty. The following parameters were analyzed in-hospital, at 30 days, and 6 months: (a) flow in the culprit artery; (b) ventricular function; (c) combined outcome of @entity204 , @entity583 , and additional revascularization. METHODS: From November 1997 to June 1999, a longitudinal nonrandomized study with historical data of 137 @entity1 with @entity583 within the first 12 hours. @entity1 undergoing primary angioplasty and were divided into 2 groups: those receiving (A) abciximab (26) or (B) conventional therapy (111). TIMI flow and regional ventricular function estimated by the standard deviation (SD)/chordis index were analyzed. RESULTS: At the end of angioplasty, TIMI 3 flow was observed in 76.9% and 83.8% of the @entity1 in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.58). In the reevaluation, @entity1 with TIMI flow <3 showed a 100% improvement in group A and a 33% in group B (P<0.0001). A significant improvement (P<0.0001) in regional ventricular function, by SD/chordis index, occurred in each group; no significant difference between groups however, was observed (29.9% x 20.2%; P=0.58). A nonsignificant reduction in the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase (3.85% A x 9.0% B; P=0.34) and on the 30th day (4.0% x 12.0%; P=0.22) was observed in group A. CONCLUSION: Abciximab improved blood flow. Primary angioplasty improved regional ventricular function independent of antithrombotic therapy. Abciximab showed a trend toward reducing the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase and on the 30th day.

title: The use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity7023 , a novel, long-acting inhaled muscarinic receptor antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2012, as a treatment in the management of moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). DATA SOURCES: Literature was identified through PubMed/MEDLINE (2000-March 2013) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts using the search terms @entity7024 , @entity1030 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity2415 , anticholinergic, and muscarinic antagonist. In addition, US government websites, including fda.gov and clinicaltrials.gov, were reviewed for pertinent information. Forest Laboratories, Inc provided previously unpublished clinical trial data. All reference citations from identified publications were reviewed for possible inclusion. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All identified Phase 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity7023 were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Once- and twice-daily @entity7023 was assessed for efficacy and safety in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 . In comparison to placebo, @entity7024 significantly improves trough and peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Significant increases in trough and peak FEV1 were sustainable for up to 64 weeks. In addition to improvement in trough and peak FEV1, twice-daily @entity7024 400  g induced clinically meaningful improvements in the health status of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 . @entity7024 was generally well tolerated, with @entity10 , @entity16700 , @entity294 , and @entity11266 the most common treatment-related adverse effects noted in clinical trials. @entity7024 did not demonstrate a difference in the incidence of systemic anticholinergic-associated adverse effects in comparison to placebo or active comparator. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7023 is a novel, inhaled, long-acting anticholinergic that, when administered at the FDA-approved dose, safely produces clinically and statistically significant bronchodilation and improves health status in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 . Long-term clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of @entity7024 are warranted.

title: @entity7023 : an alternative long-acting inhaled anticholinergic in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity7024 :: ('CHEBI:65346', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium', 'Aclidinium']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity7023 :: ('MESH:C542859', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium bromide', 'Aclidinium bromide']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether or not brain radiotherapy and concomitant three-drug chemotherapy is feasible and yields anti- @entity5 activity in @entity1 with @entity1149 and brain metastases at time of presentation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-three previously untreated @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 and brain metastasis were prospectively included in this feasibility study. Most of the @entity1 had neurological symptoms and an Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance index over 2. Treatment consisted of three courses of whole brain radiotherapy (18 Gy in 10 fractions) and @entity1206 , 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, @entity1260 , 1.5 g/m2 daily from day 1 through day 3 with uromitexan uroprotection, and @entity900 , 100 mg/m2 on day 2. A cycle restarted every 28 days. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 completed the three-cycle programme. All @entity1 were affected by a grade 4 @entity1398 and 14 of them experienced a febrile episode. Other @entity137 were mild to moderate and manageable. Received-dose intensities of @entity1206 , @entity1260 and @entity900 were 80, 90 and 90%, respectively. Overall response rate was 30%. Specific evaluation of brain response demonstrated complete response for seven @entity1 , and partial response in six (objective brain response rate, 56%). All responders benefited by a remission of symptoms and improvement of performance index. Median survival from start of protocol was 7.6 months. CONCLUSION: Although the high rate of @entity137 requiring re-admission, concomitant brain radiotherapy plus @entity1206 , @entity1260 and @entity900 chemotherapy is feasible in @entity1 suffering from brain metastasis, and demonstrates an anti- @entity5 activity for this particular subset of stage IV @entity1149 . The development of such an @entity146 approach needs further comparative evaluation.

title: Concomitant brain radiotherapy and @entity1206 - @entity1260 - @entity900 chemotherapy in brain metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of @entity3328 often develop increased or new symptoms decades after the @entity697 , known as @entity11165 . Production of proinflammatory cytokines within the CNS indicates an underlying inflammatory process, accessible for immunomodulatory treatment. We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intravenous immunoglobulin in @entity11165 . METHODS: 142 @entity1 at four university clinics were randomly assigned infusion of either 90 g in total of intravenous immunoglobulin (n=73) or placebo (n=69) during 3 consecutive days, repeated after 3 months. Seven @entity1 were withdrawn from the study. Thus, 135 @entity1 were assessed per protocol. Primary endpoints were muscle strength in a selected study muscle and quality of life as measured with the SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36 PCS). Secondary endpoints were 6-minute walk test (6MWT), timed up and go (TUG), muscle strength in muscles not chosen as the study muscle, physical activity scale of the elderly (PASE), visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity158 , multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20), balance, and sleep quality. Outcome tests were done immediately before the first infusion and 3 months after the second infusion. This study is registered with , number NCT00160082. FINDINGS: Compared with baseline, median muscle strength differed by 8.3% between @entity1 receiving intravenous immunoglobulin and placebo, in favour of the treatment group (p=0.029). SF-36 PCS did not differ significantly between the groups after treatment (p=0.321). Differences in the subscale vitality score (p=0.042) and PASE (p=0.018) favoured the active treatment group. MFI-20, TUG, muscle strength in the muscles not chosen as the study muscle, 6MWT, balance, and sleep quality did not differ between groups. For the whole study population there was no significant change in @entity158 , as determined by VAS. Nevertheless, @entity1 who reported @entity158 at the study start improved in the intervention group but not in the placebo group (p=0.037). Intravenous immunoglobulin was well tolerated. INTERPRETATION: Intravenous immunoglobulin could be a supportive treatment option for subgroups of @entity1 with @entity11165 . Further studies on responding subgroups, long-term effects, and dosing schedules are needed.

title: Intravenous immunoglobulin for XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity11165 :: ('MESH:D016262', 'Disease') :: ['post-polio syndrome']

answer: @entity11165 :: (MESH:D016262,Disease) :: ['post-polio syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The NSABP Trial B-31 and NCCTG Trial N9831 (B-31/N9831 trials, Romond et al. in N Engl J Med 353:1673-84, 2005. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052122; Perez et al. in J Clin Oncol 32:3744-52, 2014. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.55.5730) established the efficacy of adjuvant trastuzumab for @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive early stage @entity0 . We aimed to estimate the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) of @entity1722 -positive non-metastatic @entity0 @entity1 treated with adjuvant trastuzumab in a clinical practice setting in the United States. METHODS: Adult @entity1 initiating adjuvant trastuzumab within 1  year of @entity0 surgery were identified in the health claims database of the US Department of Defense (01/2003-12/2012). @entity1349 and @entity4557 unadjusted rates at 4 and 6  years after the first trastuzumab treatment following the @entity0 diagnosis were estimated from Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: The study sample included 3188 @entity1 followed for a median of 3.3  years after trastuzumab initiation and treated continuously with trastuzumab for a median of 12  months. The @entity1349 rates (95  % confidence intervals) at 4 and 6  years were 90.0  % (88.6-91.2) and 87.1 (85.3-88.6), respectively. The corresponding @entity4557 rates were 75.8  % (74.0-77.5) and 72.7 (70.7-74.7), respectively. The @entity1349 and @entity4557 rates at 6  years reported in the B-31/N9831 trials were 89.8 and 81.4  %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1349 rates estimated in this study were in range with those estimated in the B-31/N9831 trials, while @entity4557 rates were lower. However, @entity1 in the B-31/N9831 trials were younger and possibly had fewer comorbidities than @entity1 in the current study; these differences were not adjusted for in the crude @entity1349 and @entity4557 analyses.

title: Survival in XXXX with non-metastatic @entity0 treated with adjuvant trastuzumab in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Retrospective study was performed to measure the results of parathyroidectomy in @entity1 with @entity3528 . From 1987 to 2000, 48 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity3528 . There were 30 of 48 @entity1 on haemodialysis treatment, and 11 @entity1 were in pre-dialysis stage. Parathyroidectomy was performed after successful kidney transplantation in 4 cases. Indication of the surgery was extremely elevated serum level of @entity461 (at least 10 fold elevation), which was resistant for the conservative medical therapy. Subtotal parathyroidectomy (3 1/2) was performed in 30 @entity1 . Five @entity1 underwent total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation. Only 2 or 3 parathyroid glands have been removed in 13 @entity1 . Haematoma occurred in 3 cases after parathyroidectomy. Recurrent @entity128 or septic complication did not occur. Two @entity1 died in the early postoperative period due to @entity712 . Tetania was noted in 2 @entity1 after surgery. Permanent postoperative hypocalcaemia (over 6 months) occurred in 3 cases. Persistent @entity2742 was diagnosed in 5 @entity1 . In these @entity1 2 parathyroid glands were removed during the primary operation. Recurrent @entity2742 was detected in 2 @entity1 . Subtotal parathyroidectomy was carried out in these cases previously. At the reoperation for persistent and recurrent @entity2742 , total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation was performed. Serum alkaline phosphatase level and serum @entity461 value decreased after surgery, except those @entity1 with persistent @entity2742 . Bone @entity158 decreased in 96% of the cases and @entity111 decreased in 92% of the @entity1 after parathyroidectomy. Soft tissue @entity730 showed improvement in 45% of cases. In conclusion, the subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation cause a rapid decrease of @entity461 level and the improvement of the clinical symptoms in @entity1 with medical treatment resistant @entity3528 . Persistent @entity2742 occurs in those cases when inadequate parathyroidectomy was performed.

title: [Results and complications of parathyroidectomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with a @entity600 of the abdominal aorta were observed from 1970 to 2002. Thirty-two @entity1 had associated lesions of the renal artery (ies) and 13 had lesions of the splanchnic arteries. Arterial @entity101 was present in 32 @entity1 , and two @entity1 had @entity613 in the lower limbs. Two sudden @entity204 occurred before surgery was undertaken. The 32 other @entity1 were operated on. Aortic bypass was performed in 10 @entity1 . The lesions of the renal artery (47 kidneys at risk) were treated by nephrectomy in two cases and vascular repair in 45 cases. Six reconstructions of the superior mesenteric artery were carried out during the same procedure. There were no postoperative @entity204 . After surgery, arterial @entity101 was cured in 74% of the @entity1 , improved in 23% and unchanged in 3%. The @entity613 disappeared after aortic bypass in the two @entity1 concerned. In four @entity1 , @entity177 repair led to repeat surgery. All aortic reconstructions remained patent, and no late anatomic deterioration occurred. Surgical treatment of renal @entity455 is necessary in most @entity1 . Aortic repair should be reserved for tight stenoses and should be done as close as possible to the end of the growth phase.

title: [ XXXX of the abdominal aorta].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of the renal artery']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Congenital malformations']


abstract: Gender-associated (GA) genes are important for the development and reproduction of filarial @entity2199 . Identification and characterization of GA genes may provide insight into major pathways and processes involved in development and reproduction. The recent completion of the @entity2757 genome has provided a good foundation for proteomics studies. Multiplex protein labelling and two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 tandem @entity15 were used to identify GA proteins. Thirty male and 32 female associated proteins were identified in this study. Many of these GA genes have homologues in @entity2199 (83% male and 69% female), and most of the homologues have severe RNA interference (RNAi) phenotypes (72% male and 55% female) in @entity2199 . Functional analysis showed that the male-associated genes are enriched for energy production, metabolic processes and cytoskeleton, while the female-associated genes are enriched for RNA modification and transcription. GA genes encode many excreted/secreted proteins. In situ localization studies showed that GA genes are mainly expressed in reproductive organs, and this is further evidence for their involvement in reproduction. Improved understanding of the basic biology of filarial @entity2199 may lead to improved tools for prevention and treatment of @entity281 . This study combined proteomics, in situ hybridization (ISH) and bioinformatics in a systems biology approach to improve understanding of gender differences and key proteins involved in reproduction in filarial worms. Advanced proteomics methods and bioinformatics led to the identification of 62 GA proteins for @entity2757 . ISH revealed that most of those GA genes are expressed during embryogenesis or spermatogenesis. ISH results were consistent with RNAi data for @entity2199 that linked the homologues of the @entity2757 proteins to gamete production and embryogenesis.

title: Multiplex proteomics analysis of gender-associated proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filarial infections']

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Species) :: ['Brugia malayi']


abstract: AIM: Acute @entity360 is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires rapid assessment and dynamic management. Several scoring systems are used to predict mortality and rebleeding in such cases. The aim of the present study was to compare three scoring systems for predicting short-term mortality, rebleeding, duration of hospitalization and the need for blood transfusion in elderly @entity1 with @entity360 . METHODS: The present study included 335 elderly @entity1 with @entity360 . Pre- and post-endoscopic Rockall, Glasgow-Blatchford and AIMS65 scores were calculated. The ability of these scores to predict rebleeding, mortality, duration of hospitalization and the need for blood transfusion was determined. RESULTS: Pre- (4.5) and post-endoscopic (7.5) Rockall scores were superior to the Glasgow-Blatchford (12.5) score for predicting mortality (P   =   0.006 and P   =   0.015). Likewise, pre- (4.5) and post-endoscopic Rockall scores were superior to the respective Glasgow-Blatchford scores for predicting rebleeding (P   =   0.013 and P   =   0.03). There was an association between duration of hospitalization and mortality; as the duration of hospitalization increased the mortality rate increased. In all, 94% of @entity1 hospitalized for a mean of 5   days were alive versus 56.1% of those hospitalized for 20   days, and 20.2% of those hospitalized for 40   days. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 with @entity360 , the Rockall score is clinically more useful for predicting mortality and rebleeding than the Glasgow-Blatchford and AIMS65 scores; however, for predicting duration of hospitalization and the need for blood transfusion, the Glasgow-Blatchford score is superior to the Rockall and AIMS65 scores. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016;       :       -      .

title: Comparison of three scor  ng systems for risk stratif  cation in elderly pat  ents w  th acute XXXX  ng.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleed']


abstract: @entity46575 ( @entity46575 ) is a sensitive and specific PET reporter probe for imaging the PET reporter genes, herpes simplex 1 @entity1014 kinase ( @entity3307 -tk) and its mutant @entity3307 -sr39tk. @entity46575 has suitable pharmacokinetics and dosimetry for clinical applications and imaging of @entity3307 -TK has been demonstrated in the livers of @entity96 @entity1 . METHODS: Male and female @entity35 and New Zealand White @entity95 were divided into equal groups receiving either 14 microg/kg cold FHBG or carrier solution, for a 14-d acute @entity137 assessment. We monitored body weight, food and water consumption, body temperature, cardiovascular electrical and functional indices, respiratory performance and @entity26 saturation, comprehensive blood chemistry, complete blood count (CBC), and urinalysis. We conducted daily cage-side examinations for the detection of any clinical abnormalities. Tissues of the animals that were euthanized and necropsied on day 14 were prepared for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: No significant differences in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, food consumption, body weight, urine components, or clinical signs attributable to test article @entity137 were observed between the treatment and control groups. Any differences noted in the blood chemistry and CBC parameters were deemed to be incidental findings unrelated to the administration of the FHBG. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity137 evaluation of FHBG at 100 times the expected @entity1 dose does not indicate harm to organ function or tissues. The Food and Drug Administration has approved FHBG as an Investigational New Drug.

title: Preclinical safety evaluation of @entity46575 : a PET reporter probe for imaging @entity3307 @entity1014 kinase ( @entity3307 -tk) or mutant XXXX -sr39tk's expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity46575 :: ('MESH:C113308', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-FHBG', '9-(4-(18)F-Fluoro-3-[hydroxymethyl]butyl)guanine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['HSV1']


abstract: PURPOSE: This article was undertaken to present two cases of nonhealing @entity1066 that occurred after primary radiation therapy and local excision of suspected residual or recurrent @entity189 . Both @entity1 responded favorably to hyperbaric chamber treatment. Review of the literature is discussed, including cause, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and options for management of radiation-related complications in the anorectal region and use of hyperbaric @entity26 treatment in colorectal surgery. METHODS: The cases of two @entity1 with recurrent or residual @entity189 were reviewed. Objective clinical, laboratory test, and intraoperative findings were implemented to define this pathologic entity precisely, results of its treatment, and management of radiation-related complications. RESULTS: The study shows clinical effectiveness of hyperbaric chamber treatment for nonhealing wounds in the previously radiated anorectal region. The refractory wounds of both our @entity1 healed. The @entity1 were rendered free of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial pathologic changes in the irradiated tissues leading occasionally to nonhealing @entity1161 are relatively infrequent consequences of radiation therapy for pelvic @entity5 . Excisional and incisional biopsies of the radiation-injured tissues result in chronic @entity1066 accompanied by debilitating symptoms. Hyperbaric chamber treatment seemed to be a very effective means of therapy of @entity1161 and nonhealing wounds in the involved anorectal region after conventional therapy had failed.

title: Use of hyperbaric XXXX chamber in the management of radiation-related complications of the anorectal region: report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anal carcinomas']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving the situation in older adults with @entity73 and evidence of cognitive rehabilitation is considered crucial in long-term care of the elderly. The objective of this study was to implement a computerized errorless learning-based memory training program ( @entity27447 ) for @entity1 with early @entity195 , and to compare the training outcomes of a @entity27447 group with those of a therapist-led errorless learning program (TELP) group and a waiting-list control group. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with a single-blind research design was used in the study. Chinese @entity1 with early @entity195 screened by the Clinical @entity303 Rating (score of 1) were recruited. The subjects were randomly assigned to @entity27447 (n = 6), TELP (n = 6), and waiting-list control (n = 7) groups. Evaluation of subjects before and after testing, and at three-month follow-up was achieved using primary outcomes on the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination, Chinese @entity303 Rating Scale, Hong Kong List Learning Test, and the Brief Assessment of Prospective Memory-Short Form. Secondary outcomes were the Modified Barthel Index, Hong Kong Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. The data were analyzed using Friedman's test for time effect and the Kruskal-Wallis test for treatment effect. RESULTS: Positive treatment effects on cognition were found in two errorless learning-based memory groups (ie, computer-assisted and therapist-led). Remarkable changes were shown in cognitive function for subjects receiving @entity27447 and emotional/daily functions in those receiving TELP. CONCLUSION: Positive changes in the cognitive function of Chinese @entity1 with early @entity195 were initially found after errorless training through @entity27447 . Further enhancement of the training program is recommended.

title: Evaluation of a computer-assisted errorless learning-based memory training program for XXXX with early @entity195 in Hong Kong: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: @entity842 (NO) plays a crucial role in vascular tone regulation and is involved in pathogenesis of @entity2521 . In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the serum and saliva levels of NO metabolites in periodontal disease and their relationship with serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels, lipids metabolism and periodontal disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum and saliva were collected from non-smoking @entity1 with generalized severe @entity2521 (n = 89) and healthy controls (n = 56). Serum and salivary levels of NO metabolites, serum levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), @entity1674 , @entity165 and @entity1851 were measured. Data were analysed in whole population and in different gender groups. RESULTS: @entity2521 @entity1 exhibited significantly lower serum and saliva levels of NO metabolites and significantly higher LDL, @entity165 and @entity1851 levels than control group. Similar findings were observed within male but not within female population. Serum NO metabolites levels exhibited significant negative correlation with @entity1851 in whole population and in male population. Significant positive correlation of serum NO metabolite levels with HDL levels was observed in whole population. CONCLUSION: NO production is reduced in @entity2521 , especially in male population. Gender might be an important factor in assessing risk of @entity65 in @entity2521 .

title: @entity842 production, systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism in @entity2521 XXXX : possible gender aspect.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to the severe shortage of deceased donors in Japan, @entity6910 -incompatible living donor kidney transplantation has been performed since the late 1980s. Excellent long-term outcomes have been achieved; the rates of graft survival among these @entity1 are currently similar to those of recipients of @entity6910 -compatible grafts. Our single-center experience describing the immunosuppressive protocols, complications, and grafts survivals is documented in this study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Among 123 @entity1 with @entity454 who underwent living donor kidney transplantation between January 1999 and December 2010, 25 cases were @entity6910 -incompatible grafts. All of these @entity1 were followed until August 2011. Analyzing these @entity1 , we focused on their immunosuppressive protocols, complications, and graft survivals. RESULTS: @entity1 and graft survival rates were 100%. One patient experienced antibody-mediated rejection and an intractable acute cellular rejection episode, 1 patient an antibody-mediated rejection, and 6 @entity1 had acute cellular rejection episodes. However, there were no severe complications. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6910 -incompatible kidney transplantation is a high-risk procedure, a short-term graft survival rate of 100% may be expected due to recent significant improvements in desensitization and recipient management.

title: Excellent outcomes of XXXX -incompatible kidney transplantation: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Avian @entity683 viruses sporadically cross the species barrier to mammals, including @entity1 , in which they may cause @entity66 . Recently such an @entity3082 occurred due to the emergence of avian @entity683 @entity778 of the subtype H10N7 (Seal/H10N7) in @entity16341 ( @entity16341 ). This @entity3082 caused high mortality in seals along the north-west coast of Europe and represented a potential risk for @entity1 health. To characterize the spectrum of lesions and to identify the target cells and viral distribution, findings in 16 @entity16341 spontaneously infected with Seal/H10N7 are described. The seals had respiratory tract @entity32 extending from the nasal cavity to bronchi associated with intralesional @entity778 antigen in respiratory epithelial cells. @entity778 was restricted to the respiratory tract. The fatal outcome of the @entity1800 in seals was most likely caused by secondary @entity2348 . To investigate the pathogenic potential of H10N7 infection for @entity1 , we inoculated the seal @entity778 intratracheally into six @entity32934 and performed pathological and virological analyses at 3 and 7 days post inoculation. These experimentally inoculated @entity32934 displayed mild clinical signs, @entity778 excretion from the pharynx and respiratory tract @entity32 extending from bronchi to alveoli that was associated with @entity778 antigen expression exclusively in the respiratory epithelium. Virus was isolated only from the respiratory tract. In conclusion, Seal/H10N7 infection in naturally infected @entity16341 and experimentally infected @entity32934 shows that respiratory epithelial cells are the permissive cells for viral replication. Fatal outcome in seals was caused by secondary bacterial pneumonia similar to that in fatal @entity1 cases during @entity683 pandemics. Productive infection of @entity32934 indicates that seal/H10N7 may possess a zoonotic potential. This outbreak of LPAI from wild birds to seals demonstrates the risk of such occasions for mammals and thus @entity1 .

title: @entity683 (H10N7) Virus Causes Respiratory Tract Disease in @entity16341 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Virus infection', 'virus']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity16341 :: ('9720', 'Species') :: ['Phoca vitulina', 'harbor seals']

answer: @entity32934 :: (9669,Species) :: ['Ferrets']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the sensitivity for distension-induced contractions in the duodenum varied with the phases of the interdigestive migrating motility complex (MMC). METHODS: Four beagles (12-17 kg) with @entity11541 were studied by means of perfused low-compliance manometry. A 2.5-cm-long balloon was placed in the third part of the duodenum. Side holes for pressure measurements were placed inside the balloon, 2cm proximal to the balloon, and in the antrum. Two-minute distensions with balloon pressures of 10 cm @entity4358 were repeated in 10-min intervals during 17 MMCs. Twelve MMCs were also recorded without doing distensions. RESULTS: Balloon distension did not affect the duration of phase III and the MMC. In the beginning of phase I, distension did not significantly affect duodenal motility whereas distension induced contractile responses in late phase I, early phase II and late phase II (p < 0.05). The highest increase from the pre-distension to distension period was observed in early phase II (average 4 contractions min(-1)). However, considering the level of pre-distension contraction frequency, the fractional increase was by far the highest in late phase I. In phase III no difference was found between the periods before and during distension (15.8 +/- 0.7 versus 15.8 +/- 0.5 contractions min(-1)). The effect of balloon distension in phase IV was difficult to evaluate due to the inconsistent nature and sometimes rapidly decreasing activity in phase IV. @entity9317 did not change frequency and amplitude of antral phase II contractions (p > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: @entity661 elicited ascending contractions in the @entity235 duodenum in late phase I and in phase II. A refractory phase was demonstrated in the beginning of phase I while in phase III the frequency of contraction could not be increased further.

title: Distension-induced duodenal contractions vary with the phases of the XXXX interdigestive migrating motility complex.

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal balloon distension']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal distension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes and surgical-related adverse events in @entity1 with @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) undergoing simple anterior, simple posterior, or 1-stage posterior-anterior surgical decompression strategies. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Simple anterior, simple posterior, and 1-stage posterior-anterior surgical decompression strategies have been advocated for @entity3799 treatment in both Western and Chinese populations. However, there is limited evidence on whether 1-stage posterior-anterior strategy may offer equal or more advantages than the other 2 strategies for @entity1 with @entity3799 . METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 255 @entity1 with @entity3799 who had undergone surgical decompression in 3 Chinese spinal centers from 1999 to 2010. Neurological status, perioperative variables, and surgical complications were assessed. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the outcomes of each strategy. RESULTS: Analyses were conducted on a total of 229 @entity1 with @entity3799 undergoing surgical decompression via 1-stage posterior-anterior (68 @entity1 ), simple anterior (102 @entity1 ), and simple posterior approaches (59 @entity1 ). One-stage posterior-anterior approach had the highest Japanese Orthopaedic Association recovery rate after adjusted for age and sex (adjusted mean    SD: 50.0    3.2, P < 0.001) and additionally adjusted for smoking, duration from onset of symptoms to surgery, comorbidities, preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, Ishihara's curvature index and Pavlov ratio, operative @entity190 , operating time, anterior operated disc levels, and posterior operated levels (adjusted mean    SD: 51.6    11.6, P < 0.01). Anterior approach had the largest difference between the pre- and postoperative Ishihara's curvature indexes after adjusted for age and sex (adjusted mean    SD: 5.3    1.0, P < 0.01) and after multivariable adjustment (adjusted mean    SD: 6.5    2.8, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: One-stage posterior-anterior strategy can be a reliable and effective treatment strategy for @entity3799 in a subgroup of @entity1 with anterior and posterior compression on spinal cord simultaneously.

title: Effectiveness of 3 surgical decompression strategies for treatment of XXXX in 3 spinal centers in China: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['multilevel cervical myelopathy', 'MCM']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['multilevel cervical myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of surgically induced @entity353 on exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity5845 ( @entity5845 ). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A prospective 1-year follow-up study was carried out, with @entity1 being their own controls. A symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise stress test was performed in 31 @entity5845 @entity1 (BMI > 40 kg/m2) before and 1 year after undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS: At 1 year after surgery, weight was reduced from 146 +/- 33 to 95 +/- 19 kg (p < 0.001), and BMI went from 51 +/- 4 to 33 +/- 6 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). After @entity353 , @entity28 @entity1 performed each workload with lower @entity26 consumption, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, and ventilatory volume (p < 0.001). This reduced energy expenditure allowed them to increase the duration of their effort test from 13.8 +/- 3.8 to 21 +/- 4.2 minutes (p < 0.001). Upon finishing the exercise, @entity5845 @entity1 before surgery were able to reach only 83% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate, and their respiratory exchange ratio was 0.87 +/- 0.06. After @entity353 , those values were 90% and 1 +/- 0.08, respectively (p < 0.01). When we compared the peak O2 pulse corrected by fat free mass before and after surgery, no significant differences between the groups were found. DISCUSSION: After surgically induced @entity353 , @entity5845 @entity1 markedly improved their exercise capacity. This is due to the fact that they were able to perform the external work with lower energy expenditure and also to increase cardiovascular stress, optimizing the use of cardiac reserve. There were no differences in cardiac function before and after surgery.

title: Increased exercise capacity after surgically induced XXXX in @entity5845 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['MO', 'morbid obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that myocardial tissue @entity520 is responsible for maintenance of reduced arteriolar tone distal to a severe @entity3979 . Domestic @entity1707 (n = 10) were instrumented with a @entity3979 that reduced vessel diameter 80%. Measurements of hemodynamic indexes were made 1) before @entity850 , 2) at 5, 20, and 60 minutes after @entity850 placement, and 3) after each of three, 20-minute @entity6674 infusions (0.05 M, 0.1 M, and 0.5 M) distal to the @entity850 (group 1). Intracellular pH at the end of 30 minutes of 0.5 M @entity6674 infusion distal to the @entity850 was measured in a second group (n = 6) of @entity1707 (group 2). After @entity850 placement in group 1, endocardial blood flow declined significantly, and evidence of regional @entity520 (increased coronary venous @entity33796 and decreased coronary venous pH) and @entity63 (lactate production) developed. One hour later, evidence of @entity520 persisted, though to a lesser extent. Myocardial @entity26 and @entity880 metabolism exhibited similar patterns. Infusion of 0.5 M @entity6674 (0.38 ml/min) reduced (p less than 0.01) distal zone epicardial blood flow but did not change endocardial flow. Regional myocardial @entity26 extraction (75 +/- 8%, mean +/- SD) and consumption (8.2 +/- 2.3 ml/min/100 g) also declined significantly (p less than 0.01) in response to 0.5 M @entity6674 infusion compared with 60 minutes after @entity850 (86 +/- 4 and 12.4 +/- 2.8 ml/min/100 g respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue @entity520 : role in sustained arteriolar dilatation distal to a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity5 in the white population. It is an important driver of healthcare costs and causes significant morbidity. Topical imiquimod is a good noninvasive treatment alternative for surgical excision in @entity542 ( @entity542 ). However, there are currently no uniform histological definitions of @entity542 . A definition based on @entity5 thickness might be a good alternative. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity5 thickness in @entity542 is a predictor of treatment failure. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 127 histological biopsy specimens of @entity542 treated primarily with imiquimod five times a week for 6 weeks. Mean follow-up was 34 months (range 3-91). Recurrence was evaluated clinically with histological verification. RESULTS: Among nonrecurrent cases the median @entity5 thickness was 0  26 mm (range 0  09-0  61), while for recurrent cases the median @entity5 thickness was 0  57 mm (range 0  41-1  41, P < 0  0001). Among lesions  <= 0  40 mm in thickness, none recurred, whereas for lesions > 0  40 mm the recurrence rate was 58% (P < 0  0001). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of @entity5 thickness to define the superficial pattern in pathology reports for @entity1491 as this can help to determine treatment response of @entity542 to imiquimod.

title: Thickness of @entity1491 ( XXXX ) predicts imiquimod efficacy: a proposal for a thickness-based definition of @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['superficial BCC', 'sBCC']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['sBCC']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5 in the hand is set slightly over 0.1%, the @entity5 localized in the lung, followed by the breast and the kidney. The authors describe a case of a @entity703 metastatic to the soft tissue of the palm of the hand in a @entity1 who had undergone nephrectomy for @entity189 of the right kidney eleven years previously. The sixty-one year old female @entity1 developed a swelling of the palm of the left hand and showed symptoms of median and @entity8898 . The @entity1 had neurosurgery because of a solitary metastatic @entity1313 of the right hemisphere three months earlier and did not approve to an additional surgical intervention in the hand at that time. The decision was made to treat the @entity5 with a local radiation therapy. Five months later, the treatment showed no effect and the @entity1 decided to have the operation done. Histologic examination established the diagnosis of a @entity1358 . The healing was prolonged. An ulceration developed in the distal part of the wound area and healing took seven weeks. Seven months after the operation the @entity1 was alive and well without evidence of disease. The hand showed a good function with @entity2850 had @entity2402 .

title: [An unusual case of metastasis to the soft tissues of the palm of the hand with compression of the median and ulnar nerve by XXXX . Case report].

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['completely disappeared']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'secondary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['little impairment and the symptoms of nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8898 :: ('MESH:D017769', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is a systemic conformational disease characterized by extracellular amyloid fibril formation from plasma transthyretin ( @entity20117 ). This is a crippling, @entity66 for which liver transplantation is the only effective therapy. More than 80 @entity20117 point mutations are associated with @entity66 and the most widely accepted disease model relates @entity20117 tetramer instability with @entity20117 point mutations. However, this model fails to explain two observations. First, native @entity20117 also forms amyloid in @entity1582 , a geriatric disease. Second, age at disease onset varies by decades for @entity1 bearing the same mutation and some mutation carrier individuals are asymptomatic throughout their lives. Hence, mutations only accelerate the process and non-genetic factors must play a key role in the molecular mechanisms of disease. One of these factors is protein glycation, previously associated with conformational diseases like @entity191 . The glycation hypothesis in @entity305 is supported by our previous discovery of @entity14625 -derived glycation of amyloid fibrils in @entity305 @entity1 . Here we show that plasma proteins are differentially glycated by @entity14625 in @entity305 @entity1 and that @entity2002 is the main glycation target. Moreover, we also found that @entity2002 interacts with @entity20117 in plasma. @entity2002 has chaperone activity which is compromised upon glycation by @entity14625 . Hence, we propose that @entity14625 glycation hampers the chaperone activity of @entity2002 , rendering @entity20117 more prone to aggregation, amyloid formation and ultimately, disease.

title: Beyond genetic factors in @entity305 : protein glycation and the loss of XXXX 's chaperone activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease', 'amyloidotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's and Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic senile amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) imaging 24 h after intratympanic @entity2287 injection (IT method) or 4 h after intravenous injection (IV method) has been used to visualize endolymphatic hydrops in M  ni  re's disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate the difference in @entity2287 distribution in cochlear perilymph between the two methods by comparing the enhancement of the basal and apical turns and clarify the pharmacokinetics in cochlear perilymph. METHODS: A total of 24 ears of 22 @entity1 who underwent the IT method ( @entity7241 was diluted eightfold with saline) and 28 ears of 17 @entity1 who underwent the IV method (double dose of @entity25942 (0.5 mmol/ml); 0.2 mmol/kg body weight in total amount) at 3 T was analyzed retrospectively. Regions of interest of the perilymph of the cochlear basal turn (B), of the apical turn (A), and the medulla oblongata (M) were determined on each @entity1 . The signal intensity ratios between B and M (BMR), A and M (AMR), and A and B (ABR) were subsequently evaluated. RESULTS: The IT-BMR (2.63        1.22) was higher than the IV-BMR (1.46        0.45) (p   <   0.001). There was no significant difference between the IT- (1.46        0.76) and IV-AMRs (1.21        0.48) (p   =   0.15). The IT-ABR (0.58        0.17) was lower than the IV-ABR (0.84        0.22) (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity2287 was predominantly distributed in the basal turn compared with the apical turn in the IT method, whereas it was more uniformly distributed in the IV method. These characteristics might reflect the distribution of therapeutic medications administered either intratympanically or systemically.

title: @entity2287 distribution in cochlear perilymph: differences between intratympanic and intravenous XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25942 :: ('MESH:C062402', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoteridol']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Critical @entity1224 is a dreaded complication of a mediastinal mass. The acute management is difficult and catastrophic outcomes have been reported. A total of 19 @entity1 , aged between 13 and 69 years, who had critical major @entity1224 due to mediastinal mass requiring mechanical ventilation were reviewed. Three @entity1 had benign pathologies (retrosternal goitre, @entity5619 , @entity18853 ) and three had @entity706 . The remaining @entity1 had advanced @entity5 : metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=6), @entity259 (n=1) and @entity189 (n=6). Three @entity1 underwent surgery, three received chemotherapy and 15 had airway stenting under deep intravenous sedation. Apart from one @entity1 who had @entity932 and @entity580 after cardiac surgery, all other @entity1 were successfully weaned off ventilation within five days after the interventions to alleviate the major @entity1224 . All @entity1 were discharged from hospital without supplemental @entity26 . @entity1 who had benign pathologies and @entity706 (n=6, 32%) were still alive after a mean follow-up period of six years (range 3 to 10) and those with metastatic disease died after a mean survival period of 3.3 months (range 1 to 9). In summary, critical major @entity1224 is caused by a heterogeneous group of mediastinal pathologies, and the definitive treatment and long-term prognosis of these @entity1 are highly dependent on the underlying aetiology. Combining various therapeutic modalities can lead to successful separation of these @entity1 from mechanical ventilation within a short period of time.

title: Critical XXXX by mediastinal masses in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic cyst']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18853 :: ('MESH:D003310', 'Disease') :: ['giant left atrium']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction without major complications', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present data on safety, antitumoral response, and survival following yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization for @entity1 with unresectable @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study expands on the cohort of 24 @entity1 with @entity1419 described in a pilot study, and includes 46 @entity1 treated with (90)Y radioembolization at a single institution during an 8-year period. Via retrospective review of a prospectively collected database, @entity1 were stratified by performance status, @entity5 distribution (solitary or multifocal), @entity5 morphology (infiltrative or peripheral), and presence/absence of portal vein @entity715 . Primary endpoints included biochemical and clinical @entity137 , and secondary endpoints included imaging response (World Health Organization [WHO] and European Association for the Study of @entity409 [EASL] criteria) and survival. Uni-/multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Ninety-two treatments were performed, with a mean of two per @entity1 . Fatigue and transient @entity490 occurred in 25 @entity1 (54%) and 13 @entity1 (28%), respectively. Treatment-related @entity10189 developed in one @entity1 (2%). WHO imaging findings included partial response (n = 11; 25%), stable disease (n = 33; 73%), and progressive disease (n = 1; 2%). EASL imaging findings included partial/complete response (n = 33; 73%) and stable disease (n = 12; 27%). Survival varied based on presence of multifocal (5.7 mo vs 14.6 mo), infiltrative (6.1 mo vs 15.6 mo), and bilobar disease (10.9 mo vs 11.7 mo). Disease was converted to resectable status in five @entity1 , who successfully underwent curative (ie, R0) resection. CONCLUSIONS: Radioembolization with (90)Y is safe and demonstrates antitumoral response and survival benefit in select @entity1 with @entity1419 . Results are most pronounced in @entity1 with @entity5 , for whom conversion to curative resection is possible.

title: Yttrium-90 radioembolization for XXXX : safety, response, and survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this paper is to determine the frequency and outcome of @entity14087 ( @entity14087 ) in large-for-gestational-age @entity1 (LGA) born to @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and nondiabetic mothers (NDM), and to establish the relationship between @entity14087 and @entity6 control. A comparative study was design to assess @entity14087 in @entity1 born to @entity3918 and NDM. The study was conducted in the Departments of Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology of the "Hospital de Gineco-Pediatria 48", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social from January to December 1997. Eighty-five full-term @entity1 of @entity3918 (group A) and 85 LGA @entity1 of NDM (group B) were included. As a control group (group C), we studied 85 healthy, full-term @entity1 . In all cases a Doppler echocardiogram was obtained in the first 48 h after birth, and for the @entity14087 @entity1 , at 2 and 4 months. Chest X ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests were performed as complementary studies. @entity14087 was present in 38.8% of LGA @entity1 of @entity3918 and in 7.1% of NDM. The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Interventricular septum (IVS) and IVS/ posterior wall of left ventricle ratio were significantly different between groups A and B with C. There was no correlation between Hb A1 level and the presence of @entity14087 in group A. @entity14087 is a common finding in @entity1 of @entity3918 . We could not find a relationship between the degree of metabolic control during pregnancy and the incidence and severity of @entity14087 .

title: Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy in newborn XXXX of @entity6 mothers.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'maternal diabetes']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetrical septal hypertrophy', 'ASH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is thought that @entity6973 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). The lack of histopathological material has been a severe limitation in our knowledge on @entity6973 in this disease. A new technique has been developed that allows in vivo imaging of fundus autofluorescence derived from @entity6973 in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) using a confocal Laser Scanning Ophthalmoscope (LSO). We studied the dynamics of @entity6973 accumulation and degradation in @entity1 with @entity1020 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial examinations of the spatial distribution of fundus autofluorescence were performed in 148 eyes of 74 @entity1 with @entity1020 using a LSO over a period of 1-3.5 years. RESULTS: Fundus autofluorescence changed over time in almost all eyes studied. Areas of increased autofluorescence occurred progressively during follow up in eyes with drusen and @entity2117 . The size of pathologic autofluorescence increased over time in almost all eyes with @entity10691 , subretinal neovascularisations and disciform scars. Irregular autofluorescence was seen over most subretinal neovascularisations. Autofluorescence intensity decreased in old subretinal neovascularisations and disciform scars over time. CONCLUSIONS: Changes of the distribution of autofluorescence occur in eyes with @entity1020 over time. Fundus autofluorescence imaging allows in vivo analysis of the dynamics of accumulation and degradation of @entity6973 in the @entity989 in eyes with @entity1020 and documentation of metabolic activity of the @entity989 .

title: [Dynamics of accumulation and degradation of XXXX in @entity989 in senile macular degeneration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity6973 :: ('MESH:D008062', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofuscin']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity6973 :: (MESH:D008062,Chemical) :: ['lipofuscin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) can present an indication for local resection procedures under pertain circumstances. Especially endoscopic mucosal resections (EMRs) and laparoscopic resections or those combined with endoscopy have been made possible in recent years. METHODS: From 1996 to 2004, of a total of 425 @entity1 with @entity356 , 58 @entity1 with @entity356 (13.6%) were prospectively analyzed and observed. Of these, 35 @entity1 had preoperatively diagnosed submucosal infiltration and subsequently underwent gastrectomy and standard lymphnodectomy. Of the 23 @entity1 with intramucosal @entity356 , 22 underwent local resection. One @entity1 displayed lymph node and liver @entity3 at the time of diagnosis and received chemotherapy following staging laparoscopy. RESULTS: Among the 23 @entity1 with intramucosal @entity356 , 13 were female and 10 male. The average age of the @entity1 was 77.4 years (range: 69-86). The rate of lymph node @entity3 was 12.5% (n = 35) for submucosal @entity356 and 4.3% (n = 23) for intramucosal @entity356 . Twenty-two @entity1 with intramucosal @entity356 underwent local resection (four EMR, six laparoscopic intragastric resection, 12 laparoscopic wedge resection). The average @entity5 size was 1.2 cm (range 0.3-2.3). The definitive histological findings yielded in all @entity1 @entity5 -free resection margins without @entity1211 . In 10 of 18 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic resection a simultaneous sentinel lymph node sampling (4 +/- 3 LN) was performed. There were no metastases detected. Method-specific complications did not occur. The morbidity of this @entity1 group was 13.6% (three of 22). Mortality was zero. The average postoperative hospital stay was 6.5 days (range 2-12). In the median follow-up of 30.3 months (range 1-86) no recurrences have yet been diagnosed. Four @entity1 died within the observation period of non-cancer-related causes. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive local resection of intramucosal @entity356 represents a favorable option when strict determination of indication has taken place.

title: Minimally invasive and local treatment for mucosal early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous or lymphangic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Early gastric cancer', 'EGC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sudden @entity393 (SHL) is a frightening symptom that often prompts an urgent or emergent visit to a physician. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of @entity1 who present with SHL. The guideline primarily focuses on @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) in adult @entity1 (aged 18 and older). Prompt recognition and management of @entity1274 may improve hearing recovery and @entity1 quality of life (QOL). Sudden @entity1274 affects 5 to 20 per 100,000 population, with about 4000 new cases per year in the United States. This guideline is intended for all clinicians who diagnose or manage adult @entity1 who present with SHL. PURPOSE: The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations in evaluating @entity1 with SHL, with particular emphasis on managing @entity1274 . The panel recognized that @entity1 enter the health care system with SHL as a nonspecific, primary complaint. Therefore, the initial recommendations of the guideline deal with efficiently distinguishing @entity1274 from other causes of SHL at the time of presentation. By focusing on opportunities for quality improvement, the guideline should improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate prompt intervention, decrease variations in management, reduce unnecessary tests and imaging procedures, and improve hearing and rehabilitative outcomes for affected @entity1 . RESULTS: The panel made strong recommendations that clinicians should (1) distinguish @entity1274 from conductive @entity393 in a @entity1 presenting with SHL; (2) educate @entity1 with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) about the natural history of the condition, the benefits and risks of medical interventions, and the limitations of existing evidence regarding efficacy; and (3) counsel @entity1 with incomplete recovery of hearing about the possible benefits of amplification and hearing-assistive technology and other supportive measures. The panel made recommendations that clinicians should (1) assess @entity1 with presumptive @entity1274 for bilateral SHL, recurrent episodes of SHL, or focal neurologic findings; (2) diagnose presumptive @entity1274 if audiometry confirms a 30-dB @entity393 at 3 consecutive frequencies and an underlying condition cannot be identified by history and physical examination; (3) evaluate @entity1 with @entity1274 for retrocochlear pathology by obtaining magnetic resonance imaging, auditory brainstem response, or audiometric follow-up; (4) offer intratympanic @entity134 perfusion when @entity1 have incomplete recovery from @entity1274 after failure of initial management; and (5) obtain follow-up audiometric evaluation within 6 months of diagnosis for @entity1 with @entity1274 . The panel offered as options that clinicians may offer (1) corticosteroids as initial therapy to @entity1 with @entity1274 and (2) hyperbaric @entity26 therapy within 3 months of diagnosis of @entity1274 . The panel made a recommendation against clinicians routinely prescribing antivirals, thrombolytics, vasodilators, vasoactive substances, or antioxidants to @entity1 with @entity1274 . The panel made strong recommendations against clinicians (1) ordering computerized tomography of the head/brain in the initial evaluation of a @entity1 with presumptive @entity1274 and (2) obtaining routine laboratory tests in @entity1 with @entity1274 .

title: Clinical practice guideline: sudden XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'ISSNHL', 'SSNHL', 'sensorineural hearing loss', 'sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Lung transplantation remains the only effective therapy for @entity1 with @entity454 , but survival is limited by the development of @entity5924 ( @entity5924 ). The chemokine receptor @entity14013 and two of its ligands, @entity12426 and @entity15369 , have been identified as important mediators of @entity5924 . However, the relative contribution of @entity12426 and @entity15369 to the development of @entity5924 and the mechanism of regulation of these chemokines has not been well defined. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity12426 and @entity15369 are up-regulated in unique patterns following tracheal transplantation in @entity19 . In these experiments, @entity12426 expression peaked 7 days posttransplant, while @entity15369 expression peaked at 1 day and then again 7 days posttransplant. Expression of @entity15369 was also up-regulated in a novel @entity19 model of @entity63 , and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from @entity1 lungs 24 h after lung transplantation. In further analysis, we found that 3 h after transplantation @entity15369 is donor tissue derived and not dependent on @entity60 or @entity16279 , while 24 h after transplantation @entity15369 is from recipient tissue and regulated by @entity60 and @entity16279 . Expression of both @entity12426 and @entity15369 7 days posttransplant is regulated by @entity60 and @entity16279 . Finally, we demonstrate that deletion of @entity14013 in recipients reduces airway obliteration. However, deletion of either @entity12426 or @entity15369 did not affect airway obliteration. These data show that in this @entity19 model of @entity5924 , these chemokines are differentially regulated following transplantation, and that deletion of either chemokine alone does not affect the development of airway obliteration.

title: @entity14013 and its ligands in a XXXX model of @entity5924 : regulation and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lung ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['OB', 'obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage lung disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']