abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze of survival curve and @entity137 outcomes for @entity1 treated for @entity189 ( @entity189 ) by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivered by @entity499 ( @entity499 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since May 2006, 72 @entity1 with primary @entity189 were treated. In 67 cases PET-CT was used to help delineate the gross @entity5 volume (GTV); in 4 of these cases distant @entity3 in bone, mediastinal lymph nodes and unexpected small neck nodes were detected by high SUV uptake. 3, 22, 19, and 27 @entity1 , respectively, had AJCC stage I to IV disease. @entity1 received a median total dose of 72 Gy to the GTV, 64.8 Gy to the elective @entity343 , and 54 Gy to the clinically negative neck region. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 41 months (range 0.2 to 67 months), no @entity1 has recurred locally. Two @entity1 with @entity5 , both of whom received chemotherapy, recurred regionally. Ten @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . One died from progressive disease with initial proved bony @entity3 . Two @entity1 with @entity5 , both of whom received chemotherapy, experienced neck node recurrence. 5-year locoregional control rate was 97%; freedom from distant @entity3 was 84.6% at 5 years. No evidence of disease was detected in 13 early stage (I/IIa/IIb) @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy. Acute grade 3 @entity137 occurred in four @entity1 and grade 4 in two @entity1 . Late @entity137 were low, with no grade 3+ @entity2133 , grade 2 @entity2133 in two @entity1 (3%), and grade 3 @entity393 in two @entity1 (3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity499 resulted in excellent long-term disease control and survival in heterogeneous @entity189 @entity1 . Generally mild acute and late @entity137 , with low rates of @entity2133 , were obtained. Image-guided @entity499 offers the ability to deliver conformal, OAR-sparing dose distributions to a wide variety of @entity189 @entity1 with good long-term clinical outcomes.

title: Treatment of XXXX by tomotherapy: five-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical TomoTherapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIb disease']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of @entity320 and compare these findings with those of the histopathological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR images of 11 @entity1 with @entity320 were retrospectively reviewed. Ten @entity1 had primary @entity320 and one had a local recurrence. The imaging findings were evaluated with special attention given to the signal intensity of the @entity5 , internal characteristics, and growth pattern on MR. Signal intensity and enhancement patterns of the @entity5 were compared with the histopathological findings. RESULTS: On T1-weighted image, 6 @entity5 were hyperintense (5 melanotic and one @entity5701 ), and 5 @entity5 were isointense or hypointense (4 amelanotic and one melanotic). On T2-weighted images, 2 amelanotic @entity5 showed hyperintensity, and 5 melanotic @entity5 showed hypointensity. Four @entity5 (one melanotic and 3 amelanotic) were isointense. Four of the 7 @entity5 with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images showed patchy, higher-signal intensity areas. In 3 of them, patchy areas of a higher degree of @entity2118 were found on histopathological examination. There were multiple linear dark signal intensities on T2-weighted images and/or linear-enhancing areas on enhanced T1-weighted images within the masses in 5 of the 11 @entity1 . These findings could be explained as intratumoral vessels in 4 @entity5 and fibrous septa in one @entity5 on histopathological examinations. CONCLUSION: @entity320 of the sinonasal cavity shows characteristic MR signal intensity, which is mainly attributable to the degree and distribution of melanin @entity2118 , and partly attributable to @entity548 within the mass. The linear, low-signal intensity on T2-weighted images or enhanced lines are intratumoral vessels or fibrous septa.

title: XXXX of the sinonasal cavity: explanation of magnetic resonance signal intensities with histopathologic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To use pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) modeling to correlate predicted antibiotic efficacy with actual clinical outcomes in @entity1 with serious infections. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : A total of 182 adult intensive care @entity1 with @entity796 @entity55 during a 5-year period from 2000 to 2004. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary study end point was correlation of predicted antibiotic efficacy as determined by PK/ @entity1726 modeling with actual clinical outcomes in individual @entity1 . PK/ @entity1726 analyses were conducted by determination of @entity1726 indexes using calculated @entity1 -specific PK parameters and known pathogen minimum inhibitory concentrations, and by determination of predicted @entity1726 target attainment by using Monte Carlo simulation. @entity1 achieving @entity1726 targets were predicted to have clinically responded to therapy; @entity1 not achieving @entity1726 targets were predicted to have failed therapy. A total of 128 @entity1 (70%) apparently achieved desired @entity1726 targets; however, PK/ @entity1726 modeling correctly predicted actual clinical outcome in only 47% of @entity1 (86 of 182) with sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 43%. Percentages of @entity1 apparently achieving @entity1726 targets were similar among those experiencing clinical response or clinical failure (67% vs 74%, respectively; p=0.344). Predicted achievement of @entity1726 targets was significantly associated only with reduction in intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. Achievement of @entity1726 targets was not significantly associated with clinical response by univariate or multivariate analysis, but factors related to severity of illness were significantly associated with clinical response. CONCLUSION: PK/ @entity1726 modeling did not accurately predict clinical or microbiologic success in @entity1 with @entity796 @entity55 . This study highlights the difficulties in applying PK/ @entity1726 modeling at the level of the individual @entity1 due to extreme PK variability and issues such as severity of illness. Antibiotic dosing based on sound PK/ @entity1726 principles is strongly advocated, but additional studies are needed to confirm the role of PK/ @entity1726 modeling in optimizing outcomes of @entity1 with serious @entity2348 .

title: Correlation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-derived predictions of antibiotic efficacy with clinical outcomes in severely ill @entity1 with XXXX @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P.  aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The complexity of managing large soft-tissue defects at the elbow region by  conventional techniques arises from the difficulty of providing sufficient tissue with adequate elasticity and durability. Reconstruction options that allow early mobilisation and avoid the risk of functional loss should be considered to achieve defect closure at the elbow region. A 21-year-old @entity1 presented with a @entity38949 nevus on his left upper extremity. The nevus was excised and the resulting raw surface after the excision was covered with a split-thickness skin graft except for the elbow region. The elbow was covered in one stage with an ipsilateral 24  cm long pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap. The follow-up examination 3 years after total reconstruction demonstrated durable elbow support provided by the TDAP flap. The @entity1 revealed no complaint considering @entity158 or sensitivity even when exposed to mechanical stress. Split-thickness skin grafting of the large superficial defects is almost always possible; however, @entity73 due to gradual contraction and skin graft propensity to ulcers under mechanical stresses can be devastating. The elbow is a weight-bearing area of the body. @entity154 require durable and thin soft-tissue coverage and the tissue cover must possess excellent elastic properties to re-establish elbow mobility. The TDAP flap is an ideal choice for elbow soft-tissue defects. The longest pedicle length reported for the TDAP flap @entity4318  cm. In our case, the pedicle length was 24  cm and it was possible to transfer this flap to the elbow on its pedicle. A pedicled TDAP skin flap so as to provide elbow coverage in one stage is a useful choice to retain in one's armamentarium.

title: Elbow reconstruction with a pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flap after excision of an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Elbow defects']

entities_list: @entity38949 :: ('MESH:C536819', 'Disease') :: ['congenital giant hairy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the function on joint areas']

answer: @entity38949 :: (MESH:C536819,Disease) :: ['upper-extremity giant hairy nevus']


abstract: The function-specific enzyme @entity224 dismutase (SOD) was tested for its protective effect in severe experimental fluid-percussion @entity1545 (4.45 +/- 0.10 atm) in 30 of 60 randomly selected male @entity35 . A respirator was used only in the event of need. The number of animals with permanent resumption of spontaneous @entity1353 (Type I respiratory response) remained essentially the same in each group. However, when @entity386 (cannot maintain recovery) and @entity386 (never recovers from the initial @entity386 ) were terminated with a respirator, all @entity35 with Type II responses from each group were successfully converted to a state of sustained spontaneous @entity1353 . In contrast, only five (41.7%) of the 12 @entity35 with Type III response were salvaged in the control group while five (83.3%) of six Type III @entity35 in the SOD-treated group were saved. The results reveal the nature of the therapeutic effectiveness of @entity224 radical scavengers in the overall outcome of @entity542 in this animal model. While SOD alone did not increase the number of spontaneous survivors, the drug shifted a number of animals from the critically injured @entity35 with Type III respiratory response to the less critical @entity558 . Whereas induced respiration as the sole therapy in the control group lowered the mortality rate to 23.3%, respiratory assistance together with SOD treatment reduced the "mortality" to a single animal with @entity386 (3.3%) which was alive but still required the respirator after 2 hours (p less than 0.001). The results show that respiratory assistance alone accounted for a 33% decrease in mortality rate and that SOD, given in addition to induced ventilation, further decreased mortality by 20%. Since SOD enzymes are reactively specific for @entity224 , the increased survival rate of the brain-injured @entity35 must have been due either to preventing or to minimizing pathophysiological changes, probably in the brain stem, caused by @entity26 free radicals.

title: Combined effect of respirator-induced ventilation and XXXX dismutase in experimental @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Type II condition']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'Type III apnea', 'Type II apnea']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiologic, and arthroscopic results of lateral stabilization with reconstruction of the lateral ligaments and cartilage regeneration with arthroscopic drilling for the treatment of moderate @entity571 of the ankle with simultaneous @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ). METHODS: There were 16 cases with @entity3681 , 7 of which had stage 2 @entity571 of the ankle according to the radiographic classification of Takakura et al. and 9 of which had stage 3 @entity571 . Arthroscopic drilling was performed with a motorized drill for the @entity154 , and anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament with an autologous gracilis tendon graft was performed for @entity3681 . Clinical, radiologic, and arthroscopic evaluations were performed before surgery and at the most recent follow-up. RESULTS: In stage 2 cases the mean score on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale was 42.5 +/- 6.8 points before surgery and 87.4 +/- 4.2 points at the most recent follow-up (P = .0002). In stage 3 cases the mean score was 41.4 +/- 8.0 points before surgery and 61.2 +/- 7.4 points at the most recent follow-up (P = .0001). The talar tilt angles on standard stress radiography in stage 2 cases were 17.4 degrees +/- 4.5 degrees before surgery and 3.4 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees at the most recent follow-up (P = .0009). In stage 3 cases the mean talar tilt angles were 18.2 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees before surgery and 3.6 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees at the most recent follow-up (P < .0001). In all cases the radiographic classification of Takakura et al. was unchanged between assessments before surgery and at the most recent follow-up. With regard to arthroscopic findings at 1 year after surgery, the International Cartilage Repair Society's cartilage repair assessment score showed 6 nearly normal and 1 abnormal stage 2 cases and 1 abnormal and 8 severely abnormal stage 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of the lateral ligament with arthroscopic drilling as a surgical procedure for the treatment of stage 2 @entity571 with @entity3681 can be recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Reconstruction of lateral ligament with arthroscopic drilling for treatment of early-stage XXXX in unstable ankles.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defect']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['LIA', 'lateral instability of the ankle']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: We examined the fibronectin-adhesive properties of clones from a @entity35 colonic cell line exhibiting distinct @entity7433 in a syngeneic host. These cells were originally selected on the basis of differential adhesion to plastic surfaces. The TR cell line, when injected subcutaneously, forms a @entity5 which grows progressively and gives off metastases, whereas the @entity1950 cell line forms a small @entity5 which regresses within a few weeks. The regression is largely mediated by immunological factors and involves a fibroblastic reaction. REGb, a clone from the @entity1950 subline, adhered better to fibronectin or @entity15211 tetrapeptide than did PROb, a clone from the TR subline. However, there was little binding to the RGD tripeptide with either clone. The degree of adhesion was dependent on time and substrate concentration. After 6 h of incubation, 38% and 55% respectively of PROb and REGb cells bound to plates coated with 10 micrograms/ml fibronectin. Adhesion of both clones to fibronectin was inhibited to various degrees when cells were preincubated with @entity15211 , GRGDS or GRADSPK peptides, whereas other synthetic peptides such as RGD, GRGD or GRGFSPK were ineffective. Binding experiments using 125I-labelled fibronectin showed 39,000 fibronectin receptor sites on REGb cells but only 17,000 on PROb cells. Flow cytometry analysis using both anti-alpha 5 and anti-beta 1 integrins showed more fibronectin receptor sites on REGb than on PROb cells. Both approaches were in accordance with the higher adhesiveness of the REGb clone to fibronectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential adhesion of @entity35 colon carcinoma cells to fibronectin in relation to their XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity7433 :: (MESH:D002471,Disease) :: ['tumorigenicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our group evaluated on a pilot basis open @entity169 with the use of a fully absorbable mesh aiming to take mesh @entity169 one step forward. The purpose of the present study was to assess the long-term results of the proposed technique. METHODS: @entity1 that were included in our previous report were followed up at 3 years after the initial operation. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 underwent open @entity169 with the use of an absorbable @entity6886 / @entity40394 mesh. 3 years after the procedure, from the total of ten @entity1 , two were lost to follow-up (20 %). Three @entity1 (37.5 %), one with direct and two with indirect hernia, were diagnosed clinically with a recurrence at the follow-up of 3 years. Recurrences were developed nearly 2 years--median 24 months (range 18-30)--after the initial operation. Among @entity1 without recurrence none complained about @entity1118 , @entity1109 or numbness. On the other hand, @entity1118 was a constant complain in the recurrence @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the 3-year follow-up in the given @entity1 sample alleviate the initial enthusiasm regarding the use of an absorbable mesh for @entity169 as an attractive alternative and causes skepticism about the generalized use of the procedure in its certain form.

title: Open @entity169 with the use of @entity6886 / XXXX absorbable mesh: a critical update of the long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity40394 :: ('MESH:C443643', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylene carbonate']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity40394 :: (MESH:C443643,Chemical) :: ['trimethylene carbonate']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: The increase in survivorship of @entity5 @entity1 makes the understanding of the available options for prevention and treatment of @entity1370 induced by antineoplastic agents a crucial topic both for cardiologists and oncologists. The most frequent and typical clinical manifestation of @entity1370 is asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity1002 , which may progress to overt @entity712 . It may be induced not only by conventional @entity5 therapy, like @entity8253 , but also by new antitumoral targeted therapy such as trastuzumab. The current standard for monitoring @entity299 during antineoplastic treatment, mainly based on the quantification of left ventricular ejection fraction, detects @entity1370 only when a functional impairment has already occurred. Evaluation of cardiac biomarkers such as troponin, however, has shown excellent sensitivity in the early detection of @entity1370 by the identification of @entity1 with subclinical @entity299 that precedes the development of @entity299 . The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in @entity1 with troponin elevation during chemotherapy may be an effective tool to prevent left ventricular ejection fraction reduction and late @entity299 . There are no well established recommendations for treatment of @entity5 @entity1 who develop @entity299 . Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers have proven to be effective in this setting. However, there are concerns in using these medications in @entity5 @entity1 , and therefore the tendency is to treat @entity1 only if symptomatic. However, the clinical benefit of these medications may be more evident in asymptomatic @entity1 , and the recovery of cardiac function strongly depends on the amount of time elapsed from the end of chemotherapy to the start of @entity712 therapy. This observation suggests that the early detection of @entity299 is crucial and early use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers should be considered in @entity1 with @entity1002 induced by antineoplastic agents.

title: Managing XXXX of chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac damage', 'cardiac injury', 'cardiac events', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity', 'cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether immersion of a denture surface in lemongrass extract (LGE) has effects on @entity5132 biofilms, @entity1 cell viability and denture surface. @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were performed for LGE against @entity5132 . For biofilm analysis, discs were fabricated using a denture acrylic resin with surface roughness standardization. @entity5132 biofilms were developed on saliva-coated discs, and the effects of LGE at @entity1987 , 5XMIC, and 10XMIC were investigated during biofilm formation and after biofilm maturation. Biofilms were investigated for cell counting, metabolic activity, and microscopic analysis. The @entity137 of different concentrations of LGE to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed using @entity98 . The effects of LGE on acrylic resin were verified by measuring changes in roughness, color and flexural strength after 28 days of immersion. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by a Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The minimal concentration of LGE required to inhibit @entity5132 growth was 0.625 mg/mL, while MFC was 2.5 mg/mL. The presence of LGE during biofilm development resulted in a reduction of cell counting (p < 0.05), which made the @entity1987 sufficient to reduce approximately 90% of cells (p < 0.0001). The exposure of LGE after biofilm maturation also had a significant antifungal effect at all concentrations (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the exposure of PBMC to LGE at @entity1987 resulted in similar viability (p > 0.05). There were no verified differences in color perception, roughness, or flexural strength after immersion in LGE at @entity1987 compared to the control (p > 0.05). It could be concluded that immersion of the denture surface in LGE was effective in reducing @entity5132 biofilms with no deleterious effects on acrylic properties at @entity1987 . @entity1987 was also an effective and safe concentration for use.

title: In vitro Effects of Lemongrass Extract on XXXX Biofilms, @entity1 Cells Viability, and Denture Surface.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'Minimal inhibitory concentration']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Ghrelin is a peptide exhibiting strong orexigenic, adipogenic and somatotropic properties. About 80% of the peptide is produced in the stomach and it is an essential link of the brain-gut axis. Ghrelin through vagal fibres and circular system stimulates the hunger center in hypothalamus, controlling food uptake and body @entity1017 . This mechanism fails in @entity1277 . The aim of the study was the analysis of total ghrelin levels in @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) @entity1 during cognitive-behaviorally treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 50 @entity1278 @entity1 with the restrictive form ofAN (according to the DSM-IV, ICD-10 criteria) behaviorally treated and participating in psychotherapy. The mean BMI in anorectic group was 15.1 kg/m2 and mean ghrelin level 6562 pg/ml. The group of 20 healthy @entity1 with mean BMI of 21.4 kg/m2 and mean ghrelin level 4856 pg/ml served as a control group. The mean age in study group was 17.5 and 18.5 in control @entity1 . Statistical analysis of significance was carried out by the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation and linear @entity1 's correlation. To assess the dynamic change of parameters Anova-Friedman and Anova-Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Initial mean plasma ghrelin levels in @entity1278 @entity1 was significantly higher than in control group. After 24 weeks of treatment the mean BMI increased to 17.5 kg/m2, ghrelin level decreased to the value of 3919 pg/ml. CONCLUSION: In @entity1278 female the decreasing of total plasma ghrelin level is a result of changing pathological feeding behaviour.

title: [Total plasma ghrelin level in XXXX female].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: CONTEXT: Asymptomatic sporadic nonfunctioning, well-differentiated @entity788 (NF-PNETs) are increasingly diagnosed, and their management is controversial because of their overall good but heterogeneous prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the natural history of asymptomatic sporadic NF-PNETs smaller than 2 cm in size and the risk-benefit balance of nonoperative management. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: From January 2000 to June 2011, 46 @entity1 with proven asymptomatic sporadic NF-PNETs smaller than 2 cm in size were followed up for at least 18 months with serial imaging in tertiary referral centers. RESULTS: @entity1 were mainly female (65%), with a median age of 60 years. Tumors were mainly located in the pancreatic head (52%), with a median lesion size of 13 mm (range 9-15). After a median follow-up of 34 months (range 24-52) and an average of four (range 3-6) serial imaging sessions, distant or nodal @entity3 appeared on the imaging in none of the @entity1 . In six @entity1 (13%), a 20% or greater increase in size was observed. Overall median @entity5 growth was 0.12 mm per year, and neither @entity1 nor @entity5 characteristics were found to be significant predictors of @entity5 growth. Overall, eight @entity1 (17%) underwent surgery after a median time from initial evaluation of 41 months (range 27-58); all resected lesions were European @entity5 Society T stage 1 (n = 7) or 2 (n = 1), grade 1, node negative, with neither vascular nor peripancreatic fat invasion. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 , nonoperative management of asymptomatic sporadic NF-PNETs smaller than 2 cm in size is safe. Larger and prospective multicentric studies with long-term follow-up are now needed to validate this wait-and-see policy.

title: Observational study of natural history of small sporadic nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neuroendocrine Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 with antimicrobial properties, is expressed in gingival keratinocytes and plays an important role in innate immunity. Because calprotectin expression is localized in the spinous cell layer of the gingival epithelium, we hypothesized that the expression of calprotectin in keratinocytes is related to the differentiation stage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between calprotectin expression and keratinocyte differentiation using some factors that regulated its differentiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Normal @entity1 gingival keratinocytes were isolated from gingival tissues obtained at the extraction of wisdom teeth, and were cultured in serum-free keratinocyte medium supplemented with @entity1192 or @entity460 , which promote keratinocyte differentiation, and transforming frowth factor-beta ( @entity2533 ) or @entity1968 , which suppress its differentiation. The expression of S100A8/A9 mRNA and the production of calprotectin in normal @entity1 gingival keratinocytes were examined by northern blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The expression of @entity6881 , involucrin and filaggrin (marker proteins of keratinocyte differentiation) was investigated by immunohistochemical staining, and the DNA-binding activity of @entity6863 ( @entity6863 ), a transcription factor, was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: The expression of S100A8/A9 mRNA and the production of @entity1190 were increased by @entity1192 and @entity460 , but decreased by @entity2533 . @entity309 inhibited the expression of S100A8/A9 and keratinocyte differentiation, which were induced by @entity1192 . @entity6863 DNA-binding activity in normal @entity1 gingival keratinocytes was enhanced by @entity1192 and @entity460 , but suppressed by @entity2533 . CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that calprotectin expression is related to keratinocyte differentiation and that @entity6863 is a regulator of calprotectin expression in keratinocytes.

title: Regulation of calprotectin expression by XXXX and transforming growth factor-beta in @entity1 gingival keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity1190 :: ('MESH:D039841', 'Chemical') :: ['calprotectin']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6863 :: ('1050', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha', 'C/EBPalpha']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of intestinal parasitic @entity281 among preschoolers and to identify the associated risk factors. METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of @entity1 who were born and resident in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. At the time of the study, all @entity1 were aged 60 months    five months. They were recruited after written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. The study was carried out between July 2009 and July 2010. In total 214 @entity1 provided a stool sample for examination on intestinal parasitic @entity281 . Information on potential risk factors for @entity8143 was obtained from parents and guardians of the @entity1 by a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS: Intestinal parasitic @entity281 were found in 27  5% (n = 59) of @entity1 . The @entity1 ' @entity281 prevalence (26  1%, n = 36) was slightly lower than the @entity281 prevalence of the @entity1 (30  3%, n = 23), but not statistically different (p = 0  51). Fourteen @entity1 , (23  7%) were infected with two or more parasite species and forty-five (76  3%) with single parasites. A low per capita income of family was strongly associated with an increased risk for an @entity281 (OR = 2  89; P = 0.003). Preschoolers whose mothers did not work outside home had a significantly lower risk for @entity281 (OR = 0  41; p = 0  01). CONCLUSION: @entity11333 is a health problem among Diamantina preschoolers. Poverty was implicated as an important risk factor for @entity281 , while the presence of the mother at home full-time was a protective factor.

title: Risk factors for intestinal parasitic XXXX in preschoolers in a low socio-economic area, Diamantina, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal parasite infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have assessed immunophenotypic abnormalities on lymphocyte subsets in patients with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). We performed an extended immunological study to define alterations of distinct T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets in @entity2143 @entity1 with @entity1701 and their relationship with @entity455 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity1 AND CONTROLS" NlmCategory="METHODS">36 @entity1 with @entity1701 [Sydney criteria, Group A1 without @entity715 (n=26), Group A2 with @entity715 (n=10)]; and 36 age matched @entity1 with @entity7992 without antiphospholipid antibodies (disease controls; Group B), 36 healthy parous @entity1 (healthy controls; Group C), and 36 healthy nonparous @entity1 (healthy controls; Group D). @entity715 events occurred after history of abortions in all A2 @entity1 . Three-color whole-blood flow cytometry was used to characterize the distinct immunophenotypes. RESULTS: A1 @entity1 had significantly higher percentages of @entity404 +CD45RA-CCR7+ central memory cells (A1 vs D), higher percentages of activated @entity404 + @entity2902 + T cells (A1 vs D), and lower percentages and absolute counts of @entity404 +CD45RA-CCR7- effector memory cells (A1 vs D). Group A2 @entity1 had higher percentages and absolute numbers of @entity1075 + @entity2731 -IgD+ naive B cells (A2 vs A1 vs all controls), lower percentages and absolute numbers of CD3- @entity2940 + @entity4071 + NK cells (A2 vs all controls), and higher percentages of activated @entity404 +DR+ (A2 vs all controls), @entity405 +DR+ (A2 vs A1 vs C vs D), @entity404 + @entity3053 +DR+ (A2 vs D), and @entity404 + @entity2902 +DR+ T cells (A2 vs all controls). Increased percentages of @entity405 +DR+ T cells [relative risk (RR) 2.43, 95% CI 1.09-5.44, p=0.02] and of naive B cells (RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.30-7.11, p=0.009) were associated with development of @entity715 . CONCLUSION: In @entity2143 @entity1 with @entity1701 we documented significant changes in T, B, and NK cell homeostasis. Increased levels of @entity405 +DR+ and @entity1075 + @entity2731 -IgD+ cells might identify @entity2143 @entity1 with @entity1701 at risk of having @entity715 .

title: Quantitative abnormalities of peripheral blood distinct T, B, and natural killer cell subsets and clinical findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['APS-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent abortion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombotic']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Disseminated @entity5 cells are detected frequently in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood cell products of @entity1 undergoing high-dose therapy for @entity0 . Several attempts were made to purge autografts from contaminating @entity5 cells; however, the biological and clinical impact of these contaminations has not been clarified so far. Expression of distinct phenotypes is a surrogate marker for metastatic behavior of @entity5 cells. The expression of the @entity10431 seems to be a factor of high importance. It is not expressed by normal mammary tissue. @entity5 cells from marrow, blood, and stem cell products have been investigated by double-stain technique for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) expressing cytokeratin-positive cells. @entity10431 (+)/CK(+) cells could be found in all qualities of samples; however, significantly less in @entity1261 -mobilized peripheral blood stem cells compared to samples of other provenance (p = 0.02). It can be concluded that epithelial cells of malignant phenotype occur in blood, marrow, and autografts of @entity0 @entity1 . Populations of disseminated @entity5 cells are phenotypically heterogeneous. Reduced @entity10431 expression on @entity5 cells from leukapheresis samples might suggest a less aggressive nature of these cells compared to disseminated cells found in bone marrow. Furthermore, the data suggest that the phenotype of @entity5 cell contamination in leukapheresis products differs significantly from those of disseminated @entity5 cells in bone marrow or blood.

title: @entity10431 expression on disseminated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPA-R', 'urokinase-like plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Disseminated cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between radiation therapy resources and guideline-concordant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in Kentucky. DATA SOURCES: The SEER registry and Area Resource File provided county-level data describing @entity5 care resources and socioeconomic conditions of Kentucky residents. STUDY DESIGN: The outcome variable was rate of BCS without radiotherapy in each county for 2000-2007. Eight-year weighted average rates of radiation therapy providers and hospitals per 100,000 residents were explanatory variables of interest. Exploratory spatial data analyses and spatial econometric models were estimated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity14755 counties in Kentucky had significantly fewer radiation oncologists, hospitals with radiation therapy facilities, and surgeons per 100,000 residents than non- @entity14755 counties. The likelihood of BCS without radiation was significantly higher among @entity14755 compared to non- @entity14755 @entity1 (42.5 percent vs. 29.0 percent, p  <  .001). Higher proportions of @entity1 not receiving recommended radiotherapy after BCS were clustered in Eastern Kentucky around Lexington. This geographic disparity was partially explained by significantly fewer radiation therapy facilities in @entity14755 Kentucky in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Scarce radiation therapy resources in @entity14755 Kentucky are associated with disparities in receipt of guideline-concordant radiotherapy, suggesting that policy action is needed to improve the @entity5 treatment infrastructure in disadvantaged mountainous areas.

title: Radiation therapy resources and guideline-concordant radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer XXXX in an underserved region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['Appalachian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that sustained-release @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) formulations may be more effective and better tolerated than conventional @entity2052 due to better compliance and lower fluctuations in @entity2052 serum concentrations, but comparative trials with conventional @entity2052 in @entity1 are scarce. This randomized and crossover trial compared the efficacy (complete control of @entity410 ), the tolerability, and the @entity1 (or parents) preference of conventional @entity2052 twice daily (CVbid) with those of sustained-release chrono @entity2052 twice daily (ChVbid), once daily in the morning (ChVom) or once daily in the evening (ChVoe) in monotherapy. METHODS: The study was carried out in 48 @entity1 (29 @entity1 ), aged 5-14 years, with newly diagnosed @entity302 (n=26), or @entity3762 (n=22). The study duration was 16 months (four phases of 4 months each). @entity2052 pharmacokinetics data were also compared in the different regimens. Mean @entity2052 dosage was of approximately 870 mg/day (approximately 22 mg/kg/day) and mean @entity2052 concentration was of approximately 89 mg/l at 12 h post-dose and of 54 mg/l at 24 h post-dose. RESULTS: By intention in treatment there were no significant differences in efficacy (73%, 83%, 77% and 75%, respectively) or in adverse reaction frequency (56%, 58%, 67% and 46%, respectively). There were significant differences, however, in @entity1 (or parents) preference, the order being ChVoe (31%) > ChVom (25%) > CVbid (17%) > ChVbid (8%). The mean @entity2052 serum concentration fluctuation between 4 h and 0 h post-morning-dose was nonsignificantly lower after CVbid than after ChVbid. Fluctuation was significantly higher after ChVom than after CVbid or ChVbid. The mean @entity2052 serum concentration difference between 12 h and 24 h post-dose was approximately 40 mg/l. CONCLUSION: Although our results should be confirmed by a larger study, they suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of chrono @entity1092 is similar to that of conventional @entity1092 , and that the main advantage is the once-daily administration.

title: Conventional and sustained-release @entity1092 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed XXXX : a randomized and crossover study comparing clinical effects, @entity1 preference and pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The association of intrahepatic @entity1125 in @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) after hepatic portoenterostomy has drawn the attention of many pediatric surgeons and has become an important subject in clinical management, but the incidence and causes of this association are not well known. METHODS: During the last 14 years, we operated on 33 @entity2876 @entity1 by hepatic portoenterostomy. Five @entity1 could not be followed up over a 1-year period, so the remaining 28 @entity1 had their intrahepatic structure investigated by periodic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were confirmed at autopsy. The authors also reviewed the preoperative conditions of these @entity1 and the histopathologic changes in the liver biopsy and the porta @entity9429 specimens taken at portoenterostomy. RESULTS: (1) Intrahepatic @entity1125 were found in 6 of the 28 @entity1 studied (21%). Of 16 @entity1 who were operated on after 1989 and are undergoing follow-up by MRI, 4 (25%) had cysts. (2) Five of the 6 @entity1 with cysts had episodes of @entity255 before or at the time of discovery of the cysts, and 4 of them have had their @entity1087 reappear since the discovery of the cysts. (3) The @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) with @entity82 and the number of bile ducts had increased in the group with cysts compared with those in the group without cysts. (4) The bile duct maximum size in the porta @entity9429 (PH) was similar in the groups with and without cysts, but a denudation of the mucosal lining cells in the duct, and a @entity82 and @entity32 around the duct had increased in the group with cysts compared with those in the group without cysts. (5) Statistically, the @entity82 found in the @entity3626 and the @entity32 around the bile duct found in the PH were induced as a correlative factor affecting cyst formation. CONCLUSIONS: The association of intrahepatic @entity1125 in @entity2876 after portoenterostomy is frequent. The fibrous change in the @entity3626 and the inflammatory process around the bile ducts might be potential causes of cyst formation.

title: Incidence of intrahepatic @entity1125 in XXXX after hepatic portoenterostomy and associated histopathologic findings in the liver and porta @entity9429 at diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['intralobular spaces', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: We wanted to assess the effectiveness and safety of glargine in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity6 in secondary failure and/or with severe comorbidities ("T2DM group"), and @entity1 with secondary @entity6 after corticosteroid and/or anticancer treatment ("secondary @entity3918 group"). We reviewed the records of @entity1 on glargine from 1 August 2004 to 30 July 2005. The after-minus-before change in HbA1c was the main outcome measure. At baseline, the 18 "T2DM" @entity1 had a mean (+/-SD) age of 66.7+/-9.5 years and a @entity6 duration of 13.6+/-10.3 years; 52.9% were male. Their fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) decreased from 228.6+/-76.6 to 134.6+/-37.5, two-hour post-prandial glycaemia (2hPPG) from 268.2+/-10.4 to 140.6+/-30.8 and @entity4051 c from 10.4+/-2.3 to 7.9+/-1.6%. Mean daily @entity2690 dosage was 12.0+/-4.8 UI for glargine alone and 37.4+/-22.6 UI for basal-bolus scheme. The daily cost was @entity7634 0.75 (range @entity7634 0.31-1.15). The 24 "secondary @entity3918 " @entity1 had a mean age of 67.0+/-11.0 years and a @entity6 duration of 3.7+/-6.5 years; 54.2% were male and 91.7% had a @entity5 . Their FPG decreased from 222.3+/-108.6 to 121.5+/-28.7 mg/dl, 2hPPG from 259.4+/-108.6 to 133.0+/-35.0 mg/dl and @entity4051 c from 10.1+/-2.5 to 7.6+/-1.3%. Mean daily @entity2690 dosage was 12.5+/-6.1 UI for glargine alone and 27.2+/-9.1 UI for basal-bolus scheme. Mean daily cost was @entity7634 0.70 (range @entity7634 0.31-1.38). One (4.2%) @entity5 @entity1 withdrew from glargine because of @entity390 . Nine (37.5%) @entity5 @entity1 had an increase in appetite after glargine therapy, including 3 end-of-life @entity1 . No severe hypoglycaemia occurred. @entity2690 glargine was safe and effective in improving glycaemic control both in severe "T2DM" and in "secondary @entity3918 " @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness and safety of XXXX glargine in the therapy of complicated or secondary @entity6 : clinical audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity1082 ) DNA is found in nature mostly in an episomal form. However, in permanent cell lines established from @entity2622 in which HPV sequences are present, they are usually integrated in the host genome. In vitro studies of HPV have been hampered because of the difficulty of stably maintaining HPV sequences in transfected cells. We have cloned the entire HPV6 genome into three vectors: pML2, a derivative of pBR322 lacking the "poison sequences"; p142-6, a plasmid containing the complete @entity10368 ( @entity10368 ) genome which usually remains extrachromosomal in transfected @entity19 cells; and p302-3, a plasmid containing the bacterial gene conferring resistance to @entity5154 . Each of the three constructs has been transfected onto @entity19 @entity19 cells. In the case of the recombinant molecules cloned into pML2 and into p42-6, the transfection had been done together with the p302-3 plasmid. G418 resistant colonies were selected and analyzed for their DNA content. In all cases (5/5) the transfected molecules were present and integrated in the cellular genome. No free episomal DNA was detected, even in the cells transfected with the @entity10368 containing plasmid. One junction with the flanking cellular sequences is located in the late open reading frames region of the HPV6 genome and there is a disruption of the early region, as has been described for the HPV18 genome integrated into the cervical @entity1358 . Transcription analysis revealed transcripts of heterogeneous sizes, spanning the distal early region (E2S4E5) of the HPV6 genome, as happens in vivo in Condylomata acuminata, although in these genital lesions the HPV6 genome is maintained as a non-integrated episome.

title: Integration and transcription of human papillomavirus type 6 recombinant DNA in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity10368 :: ('10561', 'Species') :: ['BPV-1', 'bovine papillomavirus type 1']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma cell line HeLa']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity39335 ( @entity39335 ), a selective oral inhibitor of MET, has shown promising antitumour activity in @entity157 as monotherapy and in combination with @entity2857 . We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of @entity39335 for second-line treatment of @entity157 . METHODS: In this completed, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study, we enrolled @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity1 -Pugh A @entity82 who had progressed on or were unable to tolerate first-line systemic therapy. We randomly allocated @entity1 2:1 to receive @entity39335 (360 mg twice-daily) or placebo until disease progression. The @entity39335 dose was amended to 240 mg twice-daily because of high incidence of treatment-emergent grade 3 or worse @entity1398 . Randomisation was done centrally by an interactive voice-response system, stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and vascular invasion. The primary endpoint was time to progression, according to independent radiological review in the intention-to-treat population. We assessed @entity5 samples for MET expression with immunohistochemistry (high expression was regarded as >= 2+ in >= 50% of @entity5 cells). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00988741. FINDINGS: 71 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity39335 (38 at 360 mg twice-daily and 33 at 240 mg twice-daily); 36 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive placebo. At the time of analysis, 46 (65%) @entity1 in the @entity39335 group and 26 (72%) of those in the placebo group had progressive disease. Time to progression was longer for @entity1 treated with @entity39335 (1  6 months [95% CI 1  4-2  8]) than placebo (1  4 months [1  4-1  5]; hazard ratio [HR] 0  64, 90% CI 0  43-0  94; p=0  04). For @entity1 with @entity5 , median time to progression was longer with @entity39335 than for those on placebo (2  7 months [95% CI 1  4-8  5] for 22 MET-high @entity1 on @entity39335 vs 1  4 months [1  4-1  6] for 15 MET-high @entity1 on placebo; HR 0  43, 95% CI 0  19-0  97; p=0  03). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events in the @entity39335 group were @entity1398 (ten @entity1 [14%] vs none in the placebo group) and @entity417 (eight [11%] vs none in the placebo group). Eight @entity1 (21%) in the @entity39335 360 mg group had grade 3 or worse @entity1398 compared with two (6%) @entity1 in the 240 mg group. Four deaths related to @entity39335 occurred from severe @entity1398 . 24 (34%) @entity1 in the @entity39335 group and 14 (39%) @entity1 in the placebo group had serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION: @entity39335 could provide an option for second-line treatment of @entity1 with @entity157 and well-compensated liver @entity82 , particularly for @entity1 with @entity5 . Confirmation in a phase 3 trial is needed, with a starting dose of @entity39335 240 mg twice-daily. FUNDING: ArQule, Daiichi Sankyo (Daiichi Sankyo Group).

title: XXXX for second-line treatment of @entity157 : a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity39335 :: ('MESH:C551661', 'Chemical') :: ['Tivantinib', 'tivantinib', 'ARQ 197']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'MET-high tumours']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity39335 :: (MESH:C551661,Chemical) :: ['Tivantinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors influencing discharge patterns after laparoscopic hysterectomy for @entity1204 and to evaluate the safety of same-day discharge during the 30-day postoperative period. METHODS: Using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project's database, @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy for @entity1204 from 2010 to 2014 were identified and categorized by their hospital length of stay. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationship between hospital stay and demographics, medical comorbidities, intraoperative surgical factors and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 9020 @entity1 had laparoscopic hysterectomies for @entity1204 and of these, 729 @entity1 (8.1%) were successfully discharged on the day of surgery. These @entity1 were younger and had lower body mass indexes and fewer medical comorbidities than @entity1 who were admitted after their procedure. The same-day discharge group underwent surgical procedures of less complexity than the hospital admission group based on shorter operative times and fewer relative value units (RVUs). There was a lower rate of surgical site infections in the same-day discharge group, and no difference in rates of other @entity260 including hospital readmissions and reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of laparoscopic hysterectomy for @entity1204 are gradually increasing but the rates of same-day discharge have increased at a much slower rate. Same-day discharge has been successful despite differences in preoperative demographics, medical comorbidities and intraoperative surgical complexity. Overall postoperative complication rates were equivalent despite length of hospital stay, demonstrating the safety and feasibility of same-day discharge after laparoscopic hysterectomy for @entity1204 .

title: The safety of same-day discharge after laparoscopic hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Long-term expression of @entity15252 ( @entity4682 ) has been observed in @entity19 and @entity235 models following administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors into either the portal vein or muscle. These studies were designed to evaluate factors that influence rAAV-mediated @entity4682 expression. Stable and persistent @entity1 @entity4682 (hFIX) expression (> 22 weeks) was observed from 4 vectors after injection into the portal circulation of immunodeficient @entity19 . The level of expression was dependent on promoter with the highest expression, 10% of physiologic levels, observed with a vector containing the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) @entity14782 /beta-actin promoter complex (CAGG). The kinetics of expression after injection of vector particles into muscle, tail vein, or portal vein were similar with hFIX detectable at 2 weeks and reaching a plateau by 8 weeks. For a given dose, intraportal administration of rAAV CAGG- @entity4682 resulted in a 1.5-fold or 4-fold higher level of hFIX compared to tail vein or intramuscular injections, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated predominant localization of the rAAV @entity4682 genome in liver and spleen after tail vein injection with a higher proportion in liver after portal vein injection. Therapeutic levels of hFIX were detected in the majority of immunocompetent @entity19 (21 of 22) following intravenous administration of rAAV vector without the development of anti-hFIX antibodies, but hFIX was not detected in 14 immunocompetent @entity19 following intramuscular administration, irrespective of strain. Instead, neutralizing anti-hFIX antibodies were detected in all the @entity19 . These observations may have important implications for @entity4777 gene therapy with rAAV vectors.

title: Factors influencing in vivo transduction by recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing the @entity1 XXXX cDNA.

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['factor IX']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present pilot study tested the use of a virtual game system (VGS) for exercise training in @entity1 with moderate to very severe @entity1030 undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Safety, feasibility, enjoyment and adherence were assessed. METHODS: VGS (Wii [2006], Nintendo, USA) games were prescreened and categorized into lower- and @entity1729 . @entity1 admitted for a three- to four-week inpatient PR program exercised daily. They were provided an opportunity to individually engage in VGS sessions three times weekly, varying with length of stay. @entity1353 , @entity26 saturation and heart rate were measured before, during and after game sessions. @entity1 were considered to be adherent if they attended at least 50% of VGS sessions. Adverse events and enjoyment were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with a mean (   SD) age of 66  9 years and a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 0.72  0.40 L participated. Among the 25 @entity1 completing the program, adherence was 76%, with a mean attendance rate of 64  35%. Mean @entity1353 score was 1.5  1.1 before and 3.2  1.2 after exercise. Mean @entity26 saturation changed from 94  3% to 91  5% (P<0.001), while heart rate increased from 88  15 beats   min to 102  18 beats   min (P<0.001). One @entity1 reported @entity662 requiring @entity1242 spray and five experienced transient desaturation below 85% with play. @entity1 enjoyed the program (visual analogue score 8  2.6   10) and most would highly recommend it to others. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate exercise using a VGS was safe, feasible and enjoyed as an adjunct to inpatient PR. This modality may encourage @entity1 to maintain physical activity after PR.

title: Using a virtual game system to innovate pulmonary rehabilitation: safety, adherence and enjoyment in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-body workouts']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Program death 1 ( @entity8395 ) and its ligand ( @entity4634 ) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for solid and @entity1583 . The current study aimed to assess @entity4634 expression in @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) and relate clinical outcomes to its expression. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 specimens were obtained for @entity1 undergoing surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1991 and 2011. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity4634 expression in @entity5 -associated macrophages (TAMs) and within the @entity5 front (TF). RESULTS: Of 54 @entity5 samples analyzed, 34 stained positive for @entity4634 expression on TAMs (TAMs+), and 39 stained positive for @entity4634 expression on cells within the @entity5 front (TF+). The TF+ @entity1 were less likely to present with metastatic lymph nodes (N1 @entity1 : 26.7 vs 7.7  %; p  =  0.011), whereas all @entity5 with intrahepatic metastasis failed to demonstrate staining for @entity4634 around the @entity5 front (p  =  0.020). @entity1 with @entity5 shown to be TAMs+ were less likely to present with multiple lesions (35.0 vs 8.8  %; p  =  0.017). @entity1 with @entity5 exhibiting @entity4634 expression around the @entity5 front demonstrated a worse overall survival than TF @entity1 (p  =  0.008). Multivariable analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity5 staining for @entity4634 in the @entity5 front had a 59.5  % reduced survival (TF- vs TF+: time ratio, 0.405; 95  % confidence interval, 0.215-0.761; p  =  0.005). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity4634 was noted among a majority of @entity1 , and @entity4634 expression within the @entity5 front was associated with a 60  % decreased survival. Future clinical trials are necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of anti- @entity4634 therapies among @entity1 with @entity1419 .

title: Program Death 1 Immune Checkpoint and Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for XXXX With @entity1419 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM:     @entity157 ( @entity157 ) have a strong biological heterogeneity. Current prognostic scores do not include histology. Information on the behavior of @entity157 based on histology has been characterized on retrospective data and large tissue specimens. We aimed to assess the additional value of needle biopsy and @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) assessment in a prospective manner. METHODS:     Between 2003 and 2008, all @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity157 by a percutaneous or laparoscopic needle biopsy at the time of diagnosis, and of Barcelona Clinic @entity96 (BCLC) stage A, B or C, were included. The exclusion criterion was a palliative setting. Biopsies were scored for microvascular invasion, differentiation, @entity4166 , epithelial cell adhesion molecule and a-fetoprotein staining. Clinical and radiological features were registered at time of biopsy. The added value of @entity4166 was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS:     Of 74 @entity1 screened, we included 58 @entity1 . Based on the BCLC, 41% presented with early disease ( @entity96 ), 16% with intermediate disease (BCLC B) and 43% with advanced disease (BCLC C). In nine @entity1 (16%), @entity4166 staining was positive. Median follow up was 54   months (range 1-74) and 43 @entity1 (72%) died. BCLC classification predicted the prognosis accurately, but histology offered additional prognostic information. In multivariate analysis, @entity4166 was a strong predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio 4.57, 95% confidence interval 1.86-10.6), which improved predictive performance. No needle tract dissemination was observed. CONCLUSION:     Despite the possible problem of sampling error, needle biopsy offered additional prognostic information. This is especially the case for @entity4166 staining.

title: Histology obtained by needle biopsy gives additional information on the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer', 'BCLC A']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angioplasty and stenting have recently become attractive options for cerebral large @entity2791 in China. However, there are limited data on safety and long-term outcomes in Chinese @entity1 having undergone cerebral interventional procedures. To address this need, we set up a common database - the China Interventional @entity64 Registry (CISR) - to describe @entity1 characteristics, interventional images, periprocedural complications and long-term clinical outcomes and to determine how adherence to guideline-based treatments in the 'real world' works in China. METHODS: Six medical centers have participated since 2004. They entered into an Internet-based database data on demographics, clinical history and angiography of @entity1 undergoing angioplasty with/without stenting in extracranial arteries (carotid, vertebral and subclavian arteries) and/or intracranial arteries (middle cerebral @entity432 ) in China. CISR is a research-funded project. RESULTS: As of October 2012, we have already collected detailed clinical information on 1,356 @entity1 (age: 63.6    10.2 years, male: 1,084, 79.9%). The overall data quality is good. Site data quality control is supported via detailed monthly feedback reports and quarterly data monitoring meetings. CONCLUSIONS: The CISR is the first and the largest registry for angioplasty with/without stents in China. The database will provide the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 and the situation of adherence to guideline-based treatments under 'real-world' conditions in China.

title: China interventional XXXX registry: rationale and study design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity3577 is the partial or complete protrusion of the rectal wall into the anal canal. The most common etiology consists in the insufficiency of the diaphragm of the lesser pelvis and anal sphincter apparatus. Methods of surgical treatment involve perineal or abdominal approach surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to present the method of surgical @entity3577 treatment, according to Mikulicz's procedure by means of the perineal approach, based on our own experience and literature review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 16 @entity1 , including 14 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , aged between 38 and 82 years admitted to the department, due to @entity3577 , during the period between 2000 and 2012. Nine female @entity1 , aged between 68 and 82 years (mean age-76.3 years) with fullthickness @entity3577 underwent surgery by means of Mikulicz's method with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty. The most common comorbidities amongst @entity1 operated by means of Mikulicz's method included cardiovascular and @entity209 . RESULTS: Mean hospitalization was 14.4 days (ranging between 12 and 17 days). Despite advanced age and poor general condition of the @entity1 , complications during the perioperative period were not observed. Good early and late functional results were achieved. The degree of anal sphincter continence was determined 6-8 weeks after surgery showing significant improvement, as compared to results obtained prior to surgery. One case of recurrence consisting in mucosal prolapse was noted, being treated surgically by means of Whitehead's method. Good treatment results were observed. CONCLUSION: Transperineal rectosigmoidectomy using Mikulicz's method with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty seems to be an effective, minimally invasive and relatively safe procedure that does not require general anesthesia. It is recommended in case of @entity1 with significant comorbidities and high surgical risk.

title: Mikulicz's procedure with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal prolapse', 'rectal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: Variations induced by @entity594 (10 mg sublingually) in the residual lumen diameter of significant (greater than 50%) coronary lesions were assessed angiographically in 58 @entity1 with @entity951 (group 1) and in 19 @entity1 with @entity5968 (group 2). A relationship was sought between these acute variations of the stenotic lumen and the clinical response to treatment with the same drug (20 mg four times daily). Treatment efficacy was evaluated with exercise testing in group 1 and Holter monitoring in group 2. In group 1 the residual segment of stenotic diameter showed an increase, decrease, or no change with the @entity460 antagonist. @entity594 failed to improve 40% of the cases (21% unchanged and 19% worsened) in group 1. In the same group of @entity1 , the responses to exercise tests were dissociated from the acute vasomotor pattern. Changes in the pressure-rate product also did not explain the clinical results. In group 2 the majority of lesions had compliant portions, which invariably reacted to @entity594 with dilatation. All @entity1 with the Prinzmetal form had relief of the @entity2749 with treatment. These data suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of @entity594 in classic @entity951 probably is the net result of influences on the myocardial @entity26 consumption and supply, and the acute coronary vasomotor pattern does not allow to predict the clinical response. @entity75 in the Prinzmetal form possess a distinct sensitivity to the relaxant action of @entity460 channel blockade, which reasonably explains the highly positive response to treatment.

title: Different vasomotor action of XXXX on dynamic coronary obstructions and therapeutic response in effort and @entity5968 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['Prinzmetal angina']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['anginal episodes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Stenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['effort angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous oesophageal rupture ( @entity3253 ) is rare, and carries a high attendant risk of mortality. METHODS: A retrospective eight-year review from a tertiary unit. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were managed, with a mean age of 57 (39 - 88 years). Eight @entity1 presented early and underwent surgery, seven with primary closure and one with exclusion and diversion. There was one death in this group. Ten @entity1 were managed conservatively. In this group, two underwent an oesophagectomy because of failed conservative measures, and four had an endoprosthesis inserted. One @entity1 died in this group on the first admission, but two @entity1 with stents in situ died from @entity548 relating to an @entity2009 at 39 days and 189 days respectively following presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention remains the gold standard when the diagnosis is made early. For late diagnoses, this series suggests caution in the use of endoprostheses.

title: Management of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus ( XXXX ): single centre experience of 18 cases.

entities_list: @entity3253 :: ('MESH:C536571', 'Disease') :: ["Boerhaave's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

answer: @entity3253 :: (MESH:C536571,Disease) :: ['Boerhaave's syndrome']


abstract: It has previously been shown that, in pituitary gonadotrope cells, the initial rise in cytosolic @entity141 induced by @entity1176 is due to a @entity141 mobilization from intracellular stores. This raises the possibility that the initial transient spike phase of LH release might be fully or partially independent of extracellular @entity141 . We have therefore characterized the extracellular @entity141 requirements, and the sensitivity to @entity141 channel blockers, of the spike and plateau phases of secretion separately. In the absence of extracellular @entity141 the spike and plateau phases were inhibited by 65 +/- 4% and 106 +/- 3%, respectively. Both phases exhibited a similar dependence on concentration of extracellular @entity141 . However, voltage-sensitive @entity141 channel blockers D600 and @entity594 had a negligible effect on the spike phase, while inhibiting the plateau phase by approximately 50%. In contrast, @entity37236 , @entity15311 ions, and @entity515 ions inhibited both spike and plateau phases to a similar extent as removal of extracellular @entity141 . A fraction (35 +/- 4%) of spike phase release was resistant to removal of extracellular @entity141 . This fraction was abolished after @entity460 depletion of the cells by preincubation with EGTA in the presence of @entity460 ionophore A23187, indicating that it depends on intracellular @entity141 stores. Neither absence of extracellular @entity141 , nor the presence of @entity3739 red or @entity15311 prevented mobilization of 45Ca2+ from intracellular stores by @entity1176 . We conclude that mobilization of intracellular stored @entity141 is insufficient by itself to account for full spike phase LH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dual pathways of @entity460 entry in spike and plateau phases of luteinizing hormone release from chicken pituitary cells: sequential activation of receptor-operated and voltage-sensitive XXXX channels by @entity1176 .

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity37236 :: ('MESH:D012430', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium red']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) later in life. In @entity1468 there is a substantial increase in levels of the anti-angiogenic factor soluble fms-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFlt1) and decreased levels of the pro-angiogenic factor placental growth factor ( @entity7309 ). Elevated levels of sFlt1 are also found in individuals with @entity65 . The aims of this study were to assess sFlt1, @entity7309 and the sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratio and their correlation with signs of @entity432 by measuring common carotid artery (CCA) intima and media thicknesses and their ratio (I/M ratio) in @entity1 with and without @entity1468 . METHODS: Serum sFlt1 and @entity7309 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and CCA intima and media thicknesses were estimated using high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasonography in 55 @entity1 at @entity1468 diagnosis and 64 @entity1 with normal pregnancies at a similar gestational age, with reassessment one year postpartum. A thick intima, thin media and a high I/M ratio indicate a less healthy arterial wall. RESULTS: During pregnancy, higher levels of sFlt1, lower levels of @entity7309 and thicker intima, thinner media and higher I/M ratios were found in @entity1 with @entity1468 vs. controls (all p   <   0.0001). Further, sFlt1 and the sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratio were positively correlated with intima thickness and I/M ratio (all p   <   0.0001), but negatively correlated with media thickness (p   =   0.002 and 0.03, respectively). About one year postpartum, levels of sFlt1 and the sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratio had decreased in both groups, but compared with controls @entity1 in the @entity1468 group still had higher levels (p   =   0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Further, sFlt1 levels and the sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratio were still positively correlated with intima thickness and I/M ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Higher sFlt1 levels and sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratios in @entity1 with @entity1468 were positively associated with signs of @entity432 during pregnancy. About one year postpartum sFlt1 levels and the sFlt1/ @entity7309 ratios were still higher in the @entity1468 group, and also associated with the degree of @entity432 .

title: Association between angiogenic factors and signs of @entity432 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-eclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aging']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: Nineteen nonpregnant, nonlactating dairy @entity291 were allotted to three treatments to induce @entity5535 during winter, 1976, or spring, 1977. All groups received @entity53 (.1 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 2 and 3 also received @entity1420 (.25 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 1 and 2 were given @entity2515 (5 mg intramuscular) on days 8, 10, 12, and 14. Group 3 received @entity2515 (5 mg intramuscular) on days 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. Blood samples were collected for prolactin analysis just prior to and 3 h after @entity2515 injection. Mean daily temperatures were 11.9 C for spring group and -6.5 C for winter group. Comparisons of spring with winter for basal prolactin concentrations, @entity2515 -stimulated prolactin concentrations, and 100-day milk yields were 44 with 10 ng/ml, 482 with 199 ng/ml, and 1991 with 862 kg. Differences in prolactin concentrations and milk yields among hormone and @entity2515 treatments could not be detected, but @entity291 on treatment 3 in the spring gave the largest yield of milk. Prolactin concentrations were correlated with milk yields among @entity291 and among @entity291 within seasons. Seasonal differences demonstrate the critical role of prolactin in the treatment to induce @entity5535 .

title: Season and treatment effects on serum prolactin and milk yield during induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['lactation']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity5535 :: (MESH:D007775,Disease) :: ['lactation']


abstract: To study the effects of @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) on cultured @entity1 aortic endothelial cells and myocardial cells so as to explore the mechanism of the pathogenesis of @entity731 . In situ cell death technique, quantitative DNA damage detection and immunohistochemistry were used to identify the cell apoptosis and DNA damage in cultured @entity1 aortic endothelial cells and myocardial cells. Tail moment was 32.80+/-1.12, 44.30+/-0.99 and 74.6+/-0.97 when HAOEC were treated with 5 muM, 10muM and 15 muM of @entity13789 for 10 hours, which were of statistical significance when compared with the normal group (6.0+/-0.67, P < 0.001 respectively), But when HAOEC was treated with 1 muM of @entity13789 , the tail moment was 11.3+/-0.9, which was of no statistical difference compared with the untreated group(P>0.05). When @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAOEC) were treated with 5 muM, 10muM and 15 muM of @entity13789 for 10 hours, the percent of nonviable cells were 5.70+/-0.55, 25.96+/-2.02 and 50.80+/-3.40 (P<0.001 respectively when compared with the normal group with the percent of 0.27+/-0.13). But when HAOEC was treated with 1 muM of @entity13789 for 10 hours, the percent of nonviable cells was 2.5+/-0.22, and no difference was observed when compared with the untreated group (P>0.05). When cultured @entity1 myocardial cells were treated with 5 muM of @entity13789 for 10 hours, TUNEL staining showed a greater number of apoptotic cells in @entity13789 -treated @entity1 myocardial cells. No TUNEL-positive cells were observed in untreated group. When HAOEC was treated with 5 muM of @entity13789 for 10 hours, immunocytochemical labeling with polyclonal antibody to @entity13789 -modified proteins revealed specific cytoplasmic staining in cells incubated with @entity13789 , whereas staining was absent in control cells incubated with vehicle. But 1 muM of @entity13789 treatment didn't present positive stainings. Higher concentrations of @entity13789 (10 muM and 15 muM) showed much stronger positive stainings. @entity13789 induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis of cultured aortic endothelial cells and myocardial cells. The DNA damage and apoptosis levels are proportional to the @entity13789 concentrations.

title: Effects of @entity11838 on cultured XXXX aortic endothelial cells and myocardial cell.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13626 is a @entity3478 that can often be difficult to distinguish from @entity5 . Because misdiagnosis can result in unfavorable clinical outcomes, we have investigated microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between these two @entity5 types. Next generation RNA sequencing was used as an expression screen to evaluate >2,000 microRNAs present in tissue derived from rare @entity406 fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) archival @entity5 specimens. MicroRNAs displaying the greatest ability to discriminate between these two @entity5 were validated on an independent @entity5 set, using qPCR assays. Initial screening by RNA-seq identified four microRNA biomarker candidates. Expression of three miRNAs ( @entity15851 , miR-144-3p, miR-486-5p) was higher in @entity13626 , while the @entity10018 was elevated in @entity421 . Validation of these microRNAs on an independent data set of 22 @entity5 specimens by qPCR revealed that @entity10018 is the most discriminating marker. This microRNA displays low levels of expression across all of the @entity13626 specimens and robust expression in the majority of the @entity421 specimens. Application of these biomarkers to a clinical test case showed that these microRNA biomarkers permit re-classification of a misdiagnosed FFPE @entity5 sample from @entity13626 to @entity421 . Our findings establish that the @entity519 -related @entity10018 is a discriminatory marker that distinguishes between @entity13626 and @entity421 . This discovery provides a complementary molecular approach to support pathological classification of two diagnostically challenging @entity85 . Because @entity10018 is linked to the cellular @entity519 response, its detection may be linked to well-established pro-angiogenic and metastatic roles of @entity519 in @entity421 and other @entity5 cell types. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX -related @entity10018 is a diagnostic marker for discriminating @entity13626 and @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'Osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant osteosarcoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: The effect of heparin on thrombogenesis induced by the subendothelium of @entity95 aorta was investigated in 24 healthy volunteers after intravenous injection of different doses (0, 1000, 2500, and 5000 IU). By using an ex vivo perfusion chamber system, the interaction between flowing blood and exposed subendothelium was measured at low (50 s-1), intermediate (650 s-1), and high (2600 s-1) wall shear rates. The low shear rate simulated blood flow in venous, the intermediate shear rate in arterial, and the high shear rate in small or stenosed arterial vessels. Deposition of fibrin, platelets, and platelet thrombi on vascular subendothelium (SE) was quantified by morphometrical and immunological techniques. Fibrin deposition prevailed at low shear rates and was only minimal at high shear rates (30 +/- 1% vs. 1 +/- 0.4% coverage of SE with fibrin, means +/- SEM, p less than 0.001). In contrast, the interaction of platelets with SE was more intense at high compared to low shear rates, as indicated by higher platelet adhesion (54 +/- 5% vs. 4 +/- 1% coverage of SE with platelets, p less than 0.001) and @entity1423 volumes (4.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 microns 3/microns 2, p less than 0.001). Fibrin deposition on SE was inhibited by heparin in a dose-dependent manner and was abolished after high doses. In addition, high doses of heparin reduced the height and volume of platelet thrombi at low and intermediate wall shear rates, but no effect was found at the high shear rate. Our data show that heparin inhibits the formation of both fibrin and platelet thrombi on vascular subendothelium. The lack of effect of heparin on @entity1423 formation at high shear rates indicates that @entity11328 modulates the growth rate and/or stability of platelet thrombi at low and intermediate shear rates, whereas additional factors may control @entity1423 growth and stability at high shear conditions.

title: Dose- and shear rate-dependent effects of heparin on thrombogenesis induced by XXXX aorta subendothelium exposed to flowing human blood.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: One hundred and fifty @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) who refused bypass grafting were followed prospectively from 2 to 8 years. Mean age was 57 +/- 8 (standard deviation) years. Ejection fraction averaged 70 +/- 14%. Eight percent of @entity1 had 1-vessel @entity453 and 92% had @entity453 . Medical treatment included @entity1169 , @entity594 , @entity3763 , @entity4341 and @entity117 . Annual mortality was 0% for 1- and 2-vessel @entity453 and 1.3% for left main equivalent disease, 3-vessel and left main @entity453 . Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of stable and unstable @entity951 . Fifty-two @entity1 (34%) had a second hemodynamic study 4.2 +/- 1.3 years after initial evaluation. Stenosis progression or new significant obstructions (greater than or equal to 70%) in previously normal coronary arteries occurred in 61% of 123 arteries studied, whereas new occlusions were observed in 12% of the arteries. Nonfatal @entity583 incidence was 8%. No significant changes occurred in ejection fraction. In conclusion, proper medical treatment in selected @entity1 with advanced @entity453 but preserved ventricular function is associated with good long-term survival and remission of symptoms, although progression of @entity453 does occur in some @entity1 .

title: Two- to eight-year survival rates in XXXX who refused coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'multiple-vessel CAD', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The protein encoded by the @entity4353 ( @entity4353 ) gene is a transcription factor essential for the development and survival of melanocytes. Using a monoclonal antibody generated against @entity1 @entity3060 ( @entity3060 ) the authors previously demonstrated that @entity3060 expression is conserved in primary and metastatic @entity320 , and appears to be a highly sensitive and specific melanocytic marker. @entity3060 expression in various cutaneous nevi and @entity5 has not been documented systematically. The authors evaluated @entity3060 immunostaining in 62 benign nevi, 58 primary @entity320 , and 53 @entity5 . @entity3060 immunostaining was conserved in all benign nevi, with Spitz nevi and neurotized nevi demonstrating decreased staining intensity. With the exception of @entity320 , all primary @entity320 were immunopositive regardless of the cell type. Only one of 14 @entity320 was @entity3060 positive. None of the @entity5 was immunopositive, including those lesions that may resemble @entity320 histologically (spindle cell @entity189 , @entity1389 , and @entity1822 ). The results demonstrate that @entity3060 antibody expression is conserved in the majority of benign and @entity5 , and that it may be helpful in the diagnosis of primary @entity272 . Its use in @entity320 is limited and is reflective of other melanocyte-associated antigens. @entity3060 discriminates between spindle cell @entity5 and @entity320 with a spindle cell morphology, and is useful in a panel with other appropriate antibodies.

title: XXXX transcription factor expression in cutaneous benign, malignant melanocytic, and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity3060 :: ('4286', 'Gene') :: ['Mi transcription factor protein', 'Mitf']

entities_list: @entity1389 :: ('MESH:C566823', 'Disease') :: ['atypical fibroxanthomas']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia', 'mi']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous nonmelanocytic tumors', 'nonmelanocytic tumors', 'malignant melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanomas', 'desmoplastic melanomas']

answer: @entity4353 :: (MESH:D008850,Disease) :: ['Microphthalmia']


abstract: @entity418 is the eighth most common form of @entity5 worldwide. The treatments for @entity418 depend on its etiology. For @entity1697 , @entity33 and endoscopic submucosal dissection are standard, while for locally advanced @entity5 , esophagectomy remains the mainstay. The three most common techniques for thoracic esophagectomy are the transhiatal approach, the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (right thoracotomy and laparotomy), and the McKeown technique (right thoracotomy followed by laparotomy and neck incision with cervical @entity254 ). Surgery for @entity189 of the cervical esophagus requires an extensive procedure with laryngectomy in many cases. When the @entity5 is more advanced, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is added. The theoretical advantages of adding chemotherapy to the treatment of @entity418 are potential @entity5 down-staging prior to surgery, as well as targeting micrometastases and, thus, decreasing the risk of distant @entity3 . @entity900 - and @entity1487 -based regimes are used worldwide. Chemoradiotherapy is the standard for unresectable @entity418 and could also be considered as an option for resectable @entity5 . For @entity1 who are medically or technically inoperable, concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be the standard of care. Although neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery or salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy is a practical treatment; judicious @entity1 selection is crucial. It is important to have a thorough understanding of these therapeutic modalities to assist in this endeavor.

title: Treatments for XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic mucosal resection']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In an antiglomerular basement membrane @entity631 ( @entity631 ) model, @entity631 -resistant Lewis (LEW) @entity35 naturally recover from early @entity8 (days 21-23). We have previously identified a glomeruli-infiltrating @entity21804 (+)CD11(high)MHC II(+) cell (GIL @entity21804 (+) cell) in @entity631 -prone @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 , which terminates @entity8 through inducing T cell apoptosis prior to glomerular @entity82 at days 35-40. We investigated if GIL @entity21804 (+) cells were also associated with the recovery in LEW @entity35 . METHODS: GIL @entity21804 (+) cells in LEW @entity35 were characterized; their infiltration was observed in connection with T cell apoptosis in glomeruli. RESULTS: An influx of GIL @entity21804 (+) cells into inflamed glomeruli was confirmed in the immunized LEW @entity35 at days 17-22, which was much earlier than days 28-35 in WKY @entity35 . Notably, LEW @entity35 had a GIL @entity21804 (+)CD11(high) subpopulation after day 17, while WKY @entity35 lacked this population until after day 30. Analyses further revealed a large number of clustered apoptotic @entity11264 (+) or CD3(+) T cells in the glomeruli during recovery (day 23) in LEW @entity35 , as compared to day 35 (transition to @entity82 ) in WKY @entity35 . Thus, infiltration of GIL @entity21804 (+) cells coincided with @entity8 and T cell apoptosis during recovery in LEW @entity35 . Isolated GIL @entity21804 (+) cells were able to infiltrate glomeruli in both WKY and LEW @entity35 at day 20. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed a strong association between GIL @entity21804 + cells and recovery from early @entity8 . It raises a possibility of involvement of GIL @entity21804 + cells in the recovery.

title: Natural recovery from antiglomerular basement membrane @entity631 is associated with glomeruli-infiltrating XXXX +CD11c+MHC class II+ cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decline of glomerular inflammation', 'glomerular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity21804 :: (24930(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD8a']