abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult and time-consuming for carrying out conventional hand-sewn bilioenteric @entity254 , especially for small bile duct @entity254 and laparoscopic procedure. In order to simplify it, we have developed a novel procedure of sutureless bilioenteric @entity254 with an intraluminal degradable stent. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this technique with cholangioduodenostomy in @entity235 model. METHODS: A patent intraluminal degradable stent tube for sutureless choledochoduodenostomy in @entity235 model was made with @entity7049 in diameter of 3 mm or 4 mm. Thirty-eight @entity235 were randomly divided into to a stent group (SG, n = 20) and a control group (CG, n = 18). @entity235 in the SG underwent sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with intraluminal stent, while the CG underwent conventional choledochoduodenostomy (single layer discontinuous @entity254 with absorbable suture). @entity235 of each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to time of @entity204 (1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively) to evaluate the healing of @entity254 . Operation time, intraoperative tolerance pressure of @entity254 , rate of postoperative @entity1157 , bursting pressure of @entity254 were compared between the two groups. @entity254 tissue was observed afterwards by pathology evaluation, @entity720 content, serum @entity648 , liver enzyme level and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) to assess the stricture. RESULTS: All procedures were completed successfully. The surgical time of the SG was significantly less than the CG (SG: (19.2    4.3) minutes, vs. CG: (29.2    7.1) minutes, P = 0.000). One @entity1157 was occurred in either group. No significant difference of intraoperative tolerance pressure of @entity254 , rate of @entity1157 and postoperative bursting pressure of @entity254 , @entity850 , @entity720 content, serum @entity648 and liver enzyme level was found between the two groups. MRCP showed no @entity254 stricture and obstruction during months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The technique of sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with a degradable intraluminal stent is feasible and a safe procedure in this @entity235 model.

title: Sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with an intraluminal degradable stent in XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the morphologic changes secondary to macular grid photocoagulation in @entity1103 in vivo using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 13 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1018 because of clinically significant macular @entity4 associated with @entity6 2 underwent grid laser treatment (PASCAL). Best-corrected visual acuity, Spectralis optical coherence tomography, infrared fundus imaging, and biomicroscopy were performed at baseline, Day 1, Week 1, and Months 1, 2, and 3 after treatment. Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and at 3 months. RESULTS: Mean central 1-mm thickness decreased significantly from 438    123  m (mean    SD) at baseline to 391    111  m (P < 0.05) at 3 months with a nonsignificant trend of best-corrected visual acuity improvement. A wipeout of the photoreceptor layer and the inner segment/outer segment line together with an alteration of the overlaying outer nuclear layer and external limiting membrane was seen at Day 1. The lesion was reduced to a focal hyperreflective deposit on the retinal pigment epithelium boundary. In 55% of lesions, the external limiting membrane as well as the previously interrupted inner segment/outer segment line revealed intact continuity at Month 3. In some areas, repair was incomplete indicated by a focal condensation interrupting the inner segment/outer segment line in the lesion center. CONCLUSION: In vivo imaging of morphologic lesion repair in @entity1 eyes after PASCAL grid laser of @entity1103 demonstrates progressive restoration of the external limiting membrane and inner segment/outer segment integrity as previously described in animal models.

title: Retinal architecture recovery after grid photocoagulation in XXXX observed in vivo by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus Type']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: In 24 @entity1 affected with post-traumatic @entity6865 ( @entity6865 ) with upper limb involvement following humeral @entity174 , bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cm2) was measured by means of dual-photon absorptiometry in the distal radius of both the affected and the normal contralateral limbs. Subsequently, all @entity1 underwent dynamic and static scintigraphic exams after i.v. injection of @entity32621 (20 mCi), with gamma camera collimator centered in both limbs. BMD values were significantly lower in the affected sides than in the normal contralateral ones. Time-activity curves with MDP showed increased flow in the involved limbs. Significant increase in blood pool and in bone uptake was also observed. After @entity19389 treatment (80 U/q.d. i.m. in 12 cases and 40 U/q.d. i.m. in the other 12 cases for a month) all the @entity1 presented improved clinical symptoms and significant increase in BMD, that was restored to normal values in 7 of the @entity1 who had a longer treatment (40 U/q.d. i.m. for 2 months). Both local blood flow and bone uptake in the affected side significantly decreased after @entity19389 therapy while bone avidity index increased in those @entity1 in whom this parameter had been measured. Our results confirm the usefulness of radioisotopic procedures in post-traumatic @entity6865 for both diagnosis (by demonstrating increased local blood flow and early @entity79 ) and monitoring response to treatment with @entity19389 , which seems to play an important role in this condition.

title: [Role of densitometry and scintigraphy in post-traumatic @entity6865 of the arms. Initial diagnosis and monitoring during treatment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19389 :: ('MESH:C012755', 'Chemical') :: ['carbocalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome', 'RSDS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

answer: @entity19389 :: (MESH:C012755,Chemical) :: ['carbocalcitonin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the rate, causes, and risk factors of unplanned hospital readmission after spine fusion for the treatment of adult @entity85 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hospital readmissions in the elderly are common, and with increasing emphasis on the quality of health care, readmission rates are used to assess hospital performance. Spine surgery has seen rapidly increased utilization during the past 2 decades. Surgical treatments of complex @entity85 are known to have higher rates of complications than other types of spine surgery. However, there are no reports describing the rates and causes of hospital readmission after deformity surgery. METHODS: @entity1 were identified at a single institution from 2006 through 2011 that received a spine fusion for the treatment of adult @entity85 . All hospital readmissions within 90 days of discharge were reviewed for cause. Unplanned readmission rates were calculated via Kaplan-Meier failure analysis. Rates were compared across @entity1 receiving different lengths of spine fusion (short: 2-3 vertebra, medium: 4-8, long: 9 or more). Risk factors were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards multivariate model. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty-six @entity1 were enrolled (111 short, 402 medium, and 323 long fusions). The overall unplanned readmission rate was 8.4% at 30 days and 12.3% at 90 days. @entity1 with long spine fusion had higher rates of readmission than @entity1 with medium or short length fusions. @entity281 accounted for 45.6% of readmissions. Risk factors for readmission include longer fusion length, higher @entity1 severity of illness, and specific medical comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Unplanned hospital readmissions after spine fusion for adult @entity85 are common, and are most often due to @entity281 . @entity1 medical comorbidities are an important part of assessing risk and can be used by providers and @entity1 to better assess individual risk prior to treatment.

title: Hospital readmission after spine fusion for adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity955 and previous @entity385 ( @entity385 )/transient @entity63 attack ( @entity63 ) are at high risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events despite anticoagulation. In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we compared @entity1229 with @entity14242 in @entity1 with versus without previous @entity385 / @entity63 . METHODS: ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With @entity6236 Next Generation in @entity955 in @entity583 48) was a double-blind trial of 21   105 @entity1 with @entity955 randomized to @entity1229 (international normalized ratio, 2.0-3.0; median time-in-therapeutic range, 68.4%) versus once-daily @entity14242 (higher-dose @entity14242 regimen [HDER], 60/30 mg; lower-dose @entity14242 regimen, 30/15 mg) with 2.8-year median follow-up. Primary end points included all @entity64 /systemic embolic events (efficacy) and @entity548 (safety). Because only HDER is approved, we focused on the comparison of HDER versus @entity1229 . RESULTS: Of 5973 (28.3%) @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 , 67% had CHADS2 ( @entity712 , @entity101 , age, @entity6 , prior @entity64 @entity63 ) >3 and 36% were >= 75 years. Compared with 15   132 without previous @entity385 / @entity63 , @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 were at higher risk of both @entity1031 and @entity548 ( @entity64 /systemic embolic events 2.83% versus 1.42% per year; P<0.001; @entity548 3.03% versus 2.64% per year; P<0.001; @entity932 , 0.70% versus 0.40% per year; P<0.001). Among @entity1 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 , annualized @entity932 rates were lower with HDER than with @entity1229 (0.62% versus 1.09%; absolute risk difference, 47 [8-85] per 10   000 @entity1 -years; hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.92; P=0.02). No treatment subgroup interactions were found for primary efficacy (P=0.86) or for @entity932 (P=0.28). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity955 with previous @entity385 / @entity63 are at high risk of recurrent @entity1031 and @entity548 . HDER is at least as effective and is safer than @entity1229 , regardless of the presence or the absence of previous @entity385 or @entity63 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.

title: Outcomes With @entity14242 Versus @entity1229 in @entity1 With Previous Cerebrovascular Events: Findings From ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With XXXX Next Generation in @entity955 in @entity583 48).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity6236 :: (2159,Gene) :: ['Factor Xa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and @entity148 are common after diagnosis of @entity0 . We examined to what extent these are recurrences of @entity74 and, controlling for this, whether shame, self-blame and low social support after diagnosis predicted onset of @entity308 and @entity148 subsequently. METHOD: @entity1 with primary @entity0 who had been treated surgically self-reported shame, self-blame, social support and emotional distress post-operatively. Psychiatric interview 12 months later identified those with adult lifetime episodes of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) or @entity148 ( @entity148 ) before diagnosis and onset over the subsequent year. Statistical analysis examined predictors of @entity74 in that year. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , two-thirds with episodes of @entity308 and 40% with episodes of @entity148 during the year after diagnosis were experiencing recurrence of @entity74 . Although low social support, self-blame and shame were each associated with both @entity308 and @entity148 after diagnosis, they did not mediate the relationship of disorder after diagnosis with @entity74 . Low social support, but not shame or self-blame, predicted recurrence after controlling for @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity148 and @entity308 during the first year after diagnosis of @entity0 are often the recurrence of @entity74 . In @entity74 following diagnosis, self-blame and shame are merely markers of @entity74 . Low social support is an independent predictor and therefore may have a causal role.

title: Predictors of onset of @entity308 and @entity148 in the year after diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'major depression', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'GAD', 'anxiety', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['previous disorder', 'predicting disorder', 'each disorder']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Permanent hypocalcaemia following thyroidectomy causes considerable morbidity. This prospective observational study aims to define the factors likely to predict hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who were subjected to total thyroidectomy during January 2005 to December 2009 were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year. Efficacy of an intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay to predict hypocalcaemia was validated. RESULTS: Overall incidence of hypocalcaemia was 23.6% (n = 190) and that of permanent hypocalcaemia was 1.61% (n = 13). Onset was delayed up to 3(rd) postoperative day in 13 @entity1 . Hypocalcaemia was significantly associated with thyroidectomy for Grave's Disease (P = 0.001), @entity2621 (P = 0.003), and with incidental parathyroidectomy (P = 0.006). The intraoperative assay of parathyroid hormone showed low sensitivity (0.5) and satisfactory specificity (0.9) in predicting @entity3747 . CONCLUSION: @entity3747 could manifest late in the immediate postoperative period and this may explain latent @entity3747 . High incidence of hypocalcaemia noted in Grave's Disease could be due to the @entity792 since same feature was noted associated with @entity2621 and the incidence of hypocalcaemia was not high in the subgroup with @entity137 . The incidence of @entity3747 was not affected by age or sex.

title: Hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy: An analysis of 806 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemia', 'hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 admitted with exertional @entity1353 . Echocardiography revealed the @entity1002 . In the hospital course, she fell into sustained monomorphic @entity1165 . Coronary angiogram showed @entity3980 . Left ventricular ejection fraction was 20%. The origin of @entity591 seems to be at infero-apicallateral area of LV by electrophysiology study. Because of the failure of RF energy ablation, we planned mapping-guided cryoablation, CABG and endoaneurysmorrhaphy. To prevent air @entity887 and @entity741 damage for long aortic cross clamp, intraoperative endocardial mapping was carried out on beating heart due to continuous normothermic coronary blood perfusion (300 ml/min) from the aortic root cannula under aortic clamping. @entity5032 changed into the root cannula after @entity21 , focal cryoablation (-100 degrees C) was performed 3 times on @entity1167 . Sustained VT was not inducible in the following study. CABG and endoaneurysmorrhaphy was performed on repeated @entity1167 during single aortic clamp. Postoperative course was uneventful, and she discharged 8 weeks after the operation.

title: [Mapping-guided focal cryoablation and endoaneurysmorrhaphy for a case of ischemic XXXX with @entity1002 ].

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['Cold crystalloid cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the LAD']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['giant left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to define management strategies based on clinical experience in treating @entity99 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity8146 presenting to a tertiary liver transplantation center between 1989 and 1997 was performed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (median age, 14 days) with @entity8146 were identified. @entity712 (P<.03) and abdominal mass (P<.081) were predictive of 5-month mortality rates. Ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography were the diagnostic modalities most commonly used. Treatment strategies consisted of medical management ( @entity230 and alpha-interferon) and interventional modalities (hepatic artery ligation or embolization, resectional surgery, or orthotopic liver transplantation). @entity1 who underwent resectional surgery, with or without orthotopic liver transplantation, had a lower 5-month mortality rate (P<.02) and a greater 2-year survival rate (P<.003) than did those who underwent hepatic artery ligation or embolization. Early morbidity and mortality tended to be a consequence of the @entity75 , whereas late morbidity and mortality were reflective of the treatment modality used. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of failed medical management, resectional therapy should be used when possible. If partial hepatectomy is not technically achievable, hepatic artery embolization should be used either as definitive therapy or as a temporizing measure until orthotopic liver transplantation is possible.

title: XXXX : clinical experience and management strategy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: An @entity2466 is usually treated conservatively. @entity733 is instituted if this treatment is unsuccessful. Some surgeons practise immediate appendectomy and abscess drainage. An alternative ultraconservative approach whereby abscess drainage is avoided has been reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated by observation only. They remained in hospital for between 1 and 36 days (median 10 days) until their signs and symptoms disappeared. No @entity1 required surgery or developed complications in hospital. One @entity1 developed @entity697 10 days after discharge. One developed a recurrent abscess. Another group of 19 @entity1 were treated over the same period of time by immediate operation. Ten developed @entity260 . Hospitalization ranged from 4 to 36 days (median 8 days). Ultraconservative management of @entity2466 is a safe and effective alternative to immediate surgery, or ultrasound- or computed tomographic-guided drainage.

title: Ultraconservative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Drainage of the abscess']

answer: @entity2466 :: (MESH:D001063,Disease) :: ['appendiceal abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because they can generate comparable predictions, mathematical models are ideal tools for evaluating alternative drug or vaccine allocation strategies. To remain credible, however, results must be consistent. Authors of a recent assessment of possible @entity683 vaccination strategies conclude that older @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults are the optimal targets, no matter the objective, and argue for vaccinating them. Authors of two earlier studies concluded, respectively, that optimal targets depend on objectives and cautioned against changing policy. Which should we believe? METHODS AND FINDINGS: In matrices whose elements are contacts between @entity1 by age, the main diagonal always predominates, reflecting contacts between contemporaries. Indirect effects (e.g., impacts of vaccinating one group on morbidity or mortality in others) result from off-diagonal elements. Mixing matrices based on periods in proximity with others have greater sub- and super-diagonals, reflecting contacts between parents and @entity1 , and other off-diagonal elements (reflecting, e.g., age-independent contacts among co-workers), than those based on face-to-face conversations. To assess the impact of targeted vaccination, we used a time-usage study's mixing matrix and allowed vaccine efficacy to vary with age. And we derived mortality rates either by dividing observed deaths attributed to @entity55 and @entity683 by average annual cases from a demographically-realistic SEIRS model or by multiplying those rates by ratios of (versus adding to them differences between) pandemic and pre-pandemic mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: In our simulations, vaccinating older @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults averts the most cases, but vaccinating either younger @entity1 and older adults or young adults averts the most deaths, depending on the age distribution of mortality. These results are consistent with those of the earlier studies.

title: Evaluation of targeted XXXX vaccination strategies via population modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular mass (LVM) at cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a frequent end point in clinical trials in nephrology. Trial @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) may have a greater frequency of incidental findings (IF). We retrospectively investigated prevalence of IF in previous research CMR and reviewed their subsequent impact on @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2002 and 2006, 161 @entity454 @entity1 underwent CMR in a transplant assessment study. Images were used to assess LV mass and function. In the current study a radiologist reviewed the scans for IF. Review of @entity1 records determined the subsequent clinical significance of IF. RESULTS: There were 150 IF in 95 study @entity1 . Eighty-four (56  %) were new diagnoses. One hundred and two were non-cardiac. Fifteen were suspicious of @entity5 . There was a clinically significant IF for 14.9  % of the @entity1 . In six cases earlier identification of an IF may have improved quality of life or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Without radiology support clinically important IF may be missed on CMR. @entity1 undergoing CMR in trials should be counselled about the frequency and implications of IF. @entity1 with @entity454 have a higher prevalence of IF than reported in other populations. Nephrology studies require mechanisms for radiologist reporting and strategies for dealing with IF. KEY POINTS:     Incidental findings on research cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can have significant consequences.     We considered incidental findings in historical renal cardiac resonance imaging clinical trials.     Incidental findings are common and important in the @entity740 population.     Without radiology support, clinically significant incidental findings may be missed on imaging.     Study protocols, approvals and consent processes should take account of possible findings.

title: Research cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX - incidence, significance and implications of unexpected incidental findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic treatment options in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are limited. @entity2857 , a multikinase inhibitor, has been shown to improve survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 and adequate hepatic reserve. Currently, the proportion of referred @entity1 with @entity157 that would be eligible for @entity2857 therapy is unclear. We reviewed patterns in the presentation and management of referred @entity1 with @entity157 at the BC Cancer Agency (bcca) before the availability of @entity2857 . METHODS: Records of @entity1 with @entity157 referred to the bcca from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2007, were reviewed. Distributions were analyzed using frequency statistics. RESULTS: Of 518 @entity1 reviewed, 77% were @entity1 and 45% were of Asian ethnicity; median age was 64 years. Histology confirmation was available in only 34% of the @entity1 ; 64% had an elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein at diagnosis. The @entity1 -Pugh score at presentation could not be determined in 56%; the most common missing variable was albumin (44%). Among the 226 evaluable @entity1 , the @entity1 -Pugh classification was A in 140 (62%), B in 64 (28%), and C in 22 (10%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was not documented in 40% of @entity1 . The TNM staging was recorded per agency protocol; however, it was incompletely documented in most @entity1 . Distant @entity3 were recorded in 12% of @entity1 , and 75 @entity1 (15%) underwent hepatic resection before referral. After bcca referral, no further therapy was offered to 287 @entity1 (54%), regional therapy was offered to 170 (33%), and chemotherapy was offered to 67 (13%). CONCLUSIONS: In this era of targeted therapies, characterizing the proportion of @entity1 with @entity157 that would be eligible for such therapies is important. In our experience, referred @entity1 are commonly Asian @entity1 with an acceptable hepatic reserve by @entity1 -Pugh score, who have been diagnosed by clinical criteria alone. Most @entity1 were offered no further therapy. Moving forward, accurate and systematic documentation of staging, performance status, and @entity1 -Pugh score per the Barcelona Clinic Liver @entity5 protocol will be imperative to best identify @entity1 who may benefit most from @entity2857 or available clinical trials, and to subsequently evaluate the population-based impact of the introduction of such therapies in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 .

title: Patterns of presentation, referral, and treatment of @entity157 in a pre- XXXX era: experience of a Canadian provincial @entity5 agency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer staging']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hcc']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: The structure of the @entity20455 shermanii @entity224 dismutase (SOD) was determined at various pH values. As a comparison, the structure of the @entity1388 coordinated SOD was solved. The SOD crystallizes at pH 6.1 in the space group C2221 with two subunits, A and B, in the asymmetric unit. An increase of the pH value changes the cell parameters slightly but not the symmetry of the crystals. The overall structure of the SOD remains a compact tetrameter and is comparable to that at pH 6.1 no matter whether the pH increases or @entity1388 is added. At values above pH 7.4, an additional @entity2145 ion can bind to the active center. Its position is similar to the binding site of the @entity1388 . The coordination number changes from five to six if the pH increases or @entity1388 is added. The binding behavior of the @entity2145 ion is different for subunit A and B. Structures at different pH-values are comparable with models derived by spectroscopic methods. The influence of temperature on the binding properties of the @entity2145 ion was investigated using analysis of an X-ray structure solved at pH 8.1 and 140 K. Compared to the structure at room temperature, the structural changes are observable but remain small. The consequences of @entity2145 binding to the @entity68 are discussed.

title: Manipulating the coordination mumber of the ferric XXXX within the cambialistic @entity224 dismutase of @entity20455 shermanii by changing the pH-value A crystallographic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity20455 :: ('1744', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium freudenreichii subspecies']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: We examined the effects of gamma knife (GK) irradiation on injured nerves using a @entity35 partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model. GK irradiation was performed at one week after ligation and nerve preparations were made three weeks after ligation. GK irradiation is known to induce immune responses such as glial cell activation in the central nervous system. Thus, we determined the effects of GK irradiation on macrophages using immunoblot and histochemical analyses. Expression of @entity16339 protein, a macrophage marker, was further increased in GK-treated injured nerves as compared with non-irradiated injured nerves. Immunohistochemical study of @entity16339 in GK-irradiated injured sciatic nerves demonstrated @entity16339 positive macrophage accumulation to be enhanced in areas distal to the ligation point. In the same area, myelin debris was also more efficiently removed by GK-irradiation. Myelin debris clearance by macrophages is thought to contribute to a permissive environment for axon growth. In the immunoblot study, GK irradiation significantly increased expressions of bIII-tubulin protein and myelin protein zero, which are markers of axon regeneration and re-myelination, respectively. @entity11979 staining revealed the re-myelinated fiber diameter to be larger at proximal sites and that the re-myelinated fiber number was increased at distal sites in GK-irradiated injured nerves as compared with non-irradiated injured nerves. These results suggest that GK irradiation of injured nerves facilitates regeneration and re-myelination. In a behavior study, early alleviation of @entity1931 was observed with GK irradiation in PSL @entity35 . When GK-induced alleviation of @entity1931 was initially detected, the expression of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ), a potent analgesic factor, was significantly increased by GK irradiation. These results suggested that GK irradiation alleviates @entity1931 via increased @entity10157 . This study provides novel evidence that GK irradiation of injured peripheral nerves may have beneficial effects.

title: Gamma knife irradiation of injured sciatic nerve induces histological and behavioral improvement in the XXXX neuropathic pain model.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['Toluidine blue']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complement activation after binding of an IgG autoantibody to @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) is thought to be a major determinant of CNS @entity32 and astrocytic @entity1652 . The aim of this study was to investigate the use of eculizumab--a therapeutic monoclonal IgG that neutralises the complement protein C5--in @entity1652 spectrum disorders. METHODS: Between Oct 20, 2009, and Nov 3, 2010, we recruited @entity1 from two US centres into an open-label trial. @entity1 were @entity3951 -IgG-seropositive, aged at least 18 years, had a @entity1652 spectrum disorder, and had at least two attacks in the preceding 6 months or three in the previous 12 months. @entity1 received meningococcal vaccine at a screening visit and 2 weeks later began eculizumab treatment. They received 600 mg intravenous eculizumab weekly for 4 weeks, 900 mg in the fifth week, and then 900 mg every 2 weeks for 48 weeks. The coprimary endpoints were efficacy (measured by number of attacks [new worsening of neurological function lasting for more than 24 h and not attributable to an identifiable cause]) and safety. Secondary endpoints were disability (measured by expanded disability status scale), ambulation (Hauser score), and visual acuity. At follow-up visits (after 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment; and 3 and 12 months after discontinuation), complete neurological examination was undertaken and an adverse event questionnaire completed. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00904826. FINDINGS: We enrolled 14 @entity1 , all of whom were @entity1 . After 12 months of eculizumab treatment, 12 @entity1 were relapse free; two had had possible attacks. The median number of attacks per year fell from three before treatment (range two to four) to zero (zero to one) during treatment (p<0  0001). No @entity1 had worsened disability by any outcome measure. Median score on the expanded disability status scale improved from 4  3 (range 1  0-8  0) before treatment to 3  5 (0-8  0) during treatment (p=0  0078). Two @entity1 improved by two points and three improved by one point on the Hauser score; no change was recorded for the other @entity1 . Visual acuity had improved in at least one eye by one point in four @entity1 , and by two points in one @entity1 ; no change was recorded for other @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity7135 and @entity693 about 2 months after the first eculizumab infusion, but resumed treatment after full recovery. No other drug-related serious adverse events occurred. Eight attacks in five @entity1 were reported within 12 months of eculizumab withdrawal. INTERPRETATION: Eculizumab seems to be well tolerated, significantly reduce attack frequency, and stabilise or improve @entity16 measures in @entity1 with aggressive @entity1652 spectrum disorders. The apparent effects of eculizumab deserve further investigation in larger, randomised controlled studies. FUNDING: Alexion Pharmaceuticals.

title: Eculizumab in @entity3951 -IgG-positive relapsing XXXX spectrum disorders: an open-label pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['injury in neuromyelitis optica', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['sterile meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal sepsis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant reduction in parasite clearance rates following artesunate treatment of @entity9231 , and increased failure rates following @entity507 combination treatments (ACT), signaled emergent @entity507 resistance in Western Cambodia. Accurate measurement of parasite clearance is therefore essential to assess the spread of @entity507 resistance in @entity3964 . The slope of the log-parasitaemia versus time relationship is considered to be the most robust measure of anti-malarial effect. However, an initial lag phase of numerical instability often precedes a steady exponential decline in the parasite count after the start of anti-malarial treatment. This lag complicates the clearance estimation, introduces observer subjectivity, and may influence the accuracy and consistency of reported results. METHODS: To address this problem, a new approach to modelling clearance of @entity311 parasites from parasitaemia-time profiles has been explored and validated. The methodology detects when a lag phase is present, selects the most appropriate model (linear, quadratic or cubic) to fit log-transformed parasite data, and calculates estimates of parasite clearance adjusted for this lag phase. Departing from previous approaches, parasite counts below the level of detection are accounted for and not excluded from the calculation. RESULTS: Data from large clinical studies with frequent parasite counts were examined. The effect of a lag phase on parasite clearance rate estimates is discussed, using individual @entity1 data examples. As part of the World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network's (WWARN) efforts to make innovative approaches available to the @entity311 community, an automated informatics tool: the parasite clearance estimator has been developed. CONCLUSIONS: The parasite clearance estimator provides a consistent, reliable and accurate method to estimate the lag phase and @entity311 parasite clearance rate. It could be used to detect early signs of emerging resistance to @entity507 derivatives and other compounds which affect ring-stage clearance.

title: Standardizing the measurement of parasite clearance in XXXX : the parasite clearance estimator.

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors retrospectively studied the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of 71 cases of @entity234 from 1998 to 2009. POPULATION AND METHODS: The diagnosis was made by finding Leishmania amastigotes in bone marrows smears and/or by serology. RESULTS: Most cases occur in winter (35.2%) and in spring (36.6%). The source areas are endemic ones located in the north of Algeria (74.6%) and more rarely arid or semi-arid climate areas (8.4%). 88.7% of @entity1 are @entity1 . The sex ratio is 1.53. The clinical characteristics are: fever (77.4%), paleness (43.6%); @entity381 (83%), @entity382 (57.7%). The biological anomalies are: @entity417 (56.3%), @entity882 (33.8%), and @entity1210 (28.1%). @entity21678 ( @entity17004 (  )) was most often prescribed (70.4%). Four @entity204 (5.6%) were recorded. CONCLUSION: @entity234 remains a pediatric affection but does not spare adults.

title: [Study of 71 cases of XXXX diagnosed at the Mustapha University Hospital (Algiers) from 1998 to 2009].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucantime']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis', 'Visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity21678 :: ('CHEBI:59732', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylglucamine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: Adipocytes are a major component of the bone marrow that can critically affect metastatic progression in bone. Understanding how the marrow fat cells influence growth, behavior, and survival of @entity5 cells requires utilization of in vitro cell systems that can closely mimic the physiological microenvironment. Herein, we present two new three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches to study adipocyte- @entity5 cell interactions in vitro. The first is a transwell-based system composed of the marrow-derived adipocytes in 3D collagen I gels and reconstituted basement membrane-overlayed @entity263 cell spheroids. @entity5 cells cultured under these 3D conditions are continuously exposed to adipocyte-derived factors, and their response can be evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. We show via immunofluorescence analysis of metabolism-associated proteins that under 3D conditions @entity5 cells have significantly different metabolic response to adipocytes than @entity5 cells grown in 2D culture. We also demonstrate that this model allows for incorporation of other cell types, such as bone marrow macrophages, and utilization of dye-quenched collagen substrates for examination of proteolysis-driven responses to adipocyte- and macrophage-derived factors. Our second 3D culture system is designed to study @entity5 cell invasion toward the adipocytes and the consequent interaction between the two cell types. In this model, marrow adipocytes are separated from the fluorescently labeled @entity5 cells by a layer of collagen I. At designated time points, adipocytes are stained with @entity3108 and confocal z-stacks are taken through the depth of the entire culture to determine the distance traveled between the two cell types over time. We demonstrate that this system can be utilized to study effects of candidate factors on @entity5 invasion toward the adipocytes. We also show that immunohistochemical analyses can be performed to evaluate the impact of direct interaction of @entity263 cells with adipocytes. Our models underline the importance of using the appropriate culture conditions to mimic physiological interactions between marrow adipocytes and @entity3 cells. These systems have a potential to be utilized for analyses of various factors that may be regulated by the adipocytes in bone. Their application likely extends beyond metastatic prostate @entity5 that colonize the bone marrow microenvironment.

title: New 3D-Culture Approaches to Study Interactions of Bone Marrow Adipocytes with Metastatic XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer to other tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Total gastrectomy with oesophagojejunal pouch anastomosis and Roux-en-Y reconstruction is a well recognised procedure for @entity1 undergoing curative resections for @entity356 . The formation of a jejunal pouch is thought by some to create a reservoir that, when compared with straight oesophagojejunal anastomosis, reduces the incidence of post-operative dumping. CASE HISTORY: A @entity1 presented two years after a total gastrectomy with oesophagojejunal pouch anastomosis and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for a T3N2M0 @entity420 and @entity1282 resulting in massive @entity353 and @entity3147 . Recurrent @entity5 and stricturing was ruled out by gastroscopy and computed tomography, and distal obstruction was ruled out by an oral contrast study. The diagnosis of a functional jejunal pouch disorder was made by exclusion. Balloon dilatation of the pouch and the oesophagojejunal anastomosis found little symptomatic improvement. The @entity1 's deteriorating nutritional status prompted us to urgently perform revisional surgery. A re-laparotomy and pouch-jejunal bypass procedure was performed. Post-operatively, the @entity1 made a full symptomatic recovery and began gaining weight. CONCLUSIONS: A pouch-enteric bypass is a suitable treatment option for @entity1 with functional @entity4423 following a total gastrectomy and jejunal pouch formation in the absence of @entity3885 .

title: Management of jejunal pouch dysfunction following total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['distal obstruction and recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal pouch dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach, with postprandial vomiting']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric malignancy']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: One of the important tasks of epidemiological analyses is mapping protective factors for health promotion. Religiosity is a protective factor which has an impact on all of the three dimensions of health status, among others, it goes together with a longer lifetime, better indicators of health status indicators and quality of life, less @entity148 , @entity308 and suicide, more effective coping strategies. In relation to adolescent health, less investigation has been available thus far. OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and @entity458 among adolescents. Regarding religiosity, religious affiliation, religiousness (subjective level of religiosity) and religious participation were assessed. Among health status indicators, occurrence of @entity308 symptomatology, level of satisfaction with life and self-perceived health were determined. METHODS: Data collection of the questionnaire survey was going on among 881 high school students in Szeged (age range between 14-20 years, mean = 16.6 years, S.D. = 1.3 years of age, 44.6% of the sample was female). Associations between health status indicators (as dependent variables) and religiosity factors (as independent variables) were assessed using Odds Ratios calculated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that youth's religiosity had the least effect on @entity308 symptomatology, whereas youth defined themselves as religious and those who actually participated at religious events perceived their own health better and they were more satisfied with their life. @entity1 tended to belong more to a religious community and their religiosity was more associated with life satisfaction and self-perceived health. CONCLUSIONS: Religiosity is a determinant factor in adolescent @entity458 except for @entity308 . Further research is needed to analyze protective factors related to adolescents' health status.

title: [Is religiosity a protective factor? Social epidemiologic study of adolescent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological health']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: Obesity in the United States has become a public health crisis, with one third of the US population having a body mass index >= 30  kg/m(2). Given the profound impact of @entity28 on @entity65 ( @entity65 ), studies of lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions must be reappraised to better define the roles of these approaches in preventing @entity65 . Recent clinical trials have attempted to quell the debate over macronutrient composition versus caloric restriction in the dietary approach to @entity353 . Our interpretation of these results is that caloric reduction and adherence to diets are of greater consequence than the particular dietary content for @entity353 . For @entity65 factor modification, however, specific macronutrient composition of the diet may have additional impact outside @entity353 , although the ultimate relationship between various dietary macronutrients and clinical cardiovascular outcomes is unclear. Although pharmacotherapy has been used for decades to treat @entity28 , there currently are limited options and recurrent cautionary tales; therefore, we use these agents sparingly. @entity352 , one of only two medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the long-term treatment of @entity28 , recently came under intense scrutiny because of a possible increase in @entity65 , and it now is contraindicated in @entity1 with established @entity65 . @entity350 and its over-the-counter form, Alli (GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC), can induce modest @entity353 but frequently are not tolerated because of unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects. Fortunately, there are new medications in phase 3 clinical trials that hold promise as potential alternatives for @entity28 treatment. Finally, bariatric surgery for morbid @entity28 refractory to lifestyle interventions has become considerably more common. Surgery can effectively reduce body weight and treat @entity65 factors, particularly @entity6 , with acceptable complication rates and should be considered a viable option for appropriate @entity1 . Ongoing clinical trials will clarify the impact of bariatric surgery on @entity65 and mortality, as well as the role of surgery as a treatment option that may be considered earlier than currently recommended.

title: Therapeutic approaches to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['Sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) are the most frequent of all manifestations of drug sensitivity and manifest with varied and diverse morphology. AIMS: To study the prevalence and clinical spectrum of CADR among @entity1 attending outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was undertaken over a 1-year period in dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India. @entity1 presenting with suspected drug-related cutaneous lesions were included if drug identity could be ascertained. Clinical profiling was done. Drug history was recorded in a format specified in Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme and causality assessment carried out as per World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria. RESULTS: Commonest CADR in our study was morbilliform eruption (30.18%), followed by fixed @entity203 (24.52%), @entity6715 ( @entity6715 )-Toxic @entity6715 ( @entity137 ) and overlap of two (24.50%), exfoliative @entity1909 (7.54%), @entity110 (5.6%), @entity137 (3.8%), @entity17393 (1.89%), and severe @entity33 (1.80%). Drugs implicated were @entity13135 (17%), fixed-dose combinations of @entity2887 with @entity5799 (11.30%), analgesics (11.30%), antiepileptics (11.30%), @entity3405 antibiotics (9.40%), @entity2887 alone (7.50%), @entity208 (7.50%), and @entity4580 (5.70%). Reaction latency varied from 1 to 43 days. Causality assessment was certain and probable for 18.9% and 41.5% of the reactions, respectively, and reactions were serious in 33.96% (95% confidence interval 21.21-46.71%). CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction profile in this study is similar in many ways to studies conducted earlier in India. Incidence of life-threatening reactions like @entity6715 was higher compared with studies conducted abroad. Reaction time and lesion patterns are helpful in identifying an offending drug in the setting of multiple drug therapy.

title: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction profile in a tertiary care out XXXX setting in eastern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'phototoxic drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal necrolysis', 'SJS-TEN', 'SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5799 :: ('MESH:D009593', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazoles']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity17393 :: ('MESH:D017515', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis rosea-like eruptions']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 continues to be a major public health problem among @entity1 in many regions of the world, and it is still not clear which strategy to treat it is most effective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 's acceptance of several recognized strategies to treat @entity417 . METHODS: Non-breastfed @entity1 (n = 577), 6 to 43 mo of age, were screened for the trial; 267 were anemic (hemoglobin < 11.7 g/dL), and 266 of those were randomized into 1 of 5 treatments to received daily either: an @entity68 supplement (IS), an @entity68 + @entity1501 supplement (IFS), a multiple micronutrient supplement ( @entity10843 ), a micronutrient-fortified complementary food as porridge powder (FCF), or @entity219 + @entity68 + @entity620 fortified water (FW). The @entity68 content of each daily dose was 20, 12.5, 10, 10 and 6.7 mg respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, total @entity68 , weight and height were measured at baseline and after 4 months of treatment. Morbidity, treatment acceptability and adherence were recorded during the intervention. RESULTS: All treatments significantly increased Hb and total @entity68 concentration; ferritin did not change significantly. Groups @entity10843 , IS and IFS increased Hb (g/dL) [1.50 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.83), 1.48 [(1.18, 1.78) and 1.57 (1.26, 1.88), respectively] and total @entity68 (( g/dL) [0.15 (0.01, 0.29), 0.19 (0.06, 0.31) and 0.12(-0.01, 0.25), respectively] significantly more than FCF [0.92 (0.64, 1.20)] but not to FW group [0.14 (0.04, 0.24)]. The prevalence of @entity417 was reduced to a greater extent in the @entity10843 and IFS groups (72% and 69%, respectively) than in the FCF group (45%) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in anthropometry or in the number of episodes of @entity294 and @entity1729 among treatment groups. The supplements @entity10843 and IS were less acceptable to @entity1 , than IFS, FCF and FW. CONCLUSION: The three supplements IS, ISF and @entity10843 increased Hb more than the FCF; the supplements that contained micronutrients (IFS and @entity10843 ) were more effective for reducing the prevalence of @entity417 . In general, fortified foods were better accepted by the study @entity1 than supplements. CLINICALTRIAL.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00822380.

title: Efficacy of different strategies to treat @entity417 in XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise therapy and to estimate the additional effect of supervision on exercise therapy in @entity1 with @entity613 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing supervised exercise therapy to unsupervised exercise regimens or observation in @entity1 with @entity613 . Main endpoints were @entity158 free walking distance (PWD) and @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ). Quality assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two observers. RESULTS: Fifteen manuscripts, published between 1990 and May 2006, were eligible for analysis, evaluating 761 @entity1 . In the studies comparing supervised exercise to standard care the weighted mean difference in @entity158 free walking distance (PWD) and @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) was 81.3meters (95% CI; 35.5-127.1) and 155.8meters (95% CI; 80.8-230.7), respectively. In the studies comparing supervised to unsupervised exercise therapy, the weighted mean difference in PWD and @entity4464 was 143.8meters (95% CI; 5.8-281.8) and 250.4meters (95% CI; 192.4-308.5). CONCLUSION: Exercise therapy increases the PWD and @entity4464 in @entity1 with @entity613 . Supervised exercise therapy increases the PWD and @entity4464 more than standard care. However, the additional value of supervision over unsupervised exercise regimens needs further clarification.

title: Exercise therapy and the additional effect of supervision on exercise therapy in @entity1 with XXXX . Systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['absolute walking distance', 'AWD']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 @entity1 may benefit from physical exercise programs. It is unclear, however, how sustained levels of physical activity are best achieved in this population. A systematic review was performed to summarize the current evidence of the effect of physical activity interventions on daily walking activity enhancement in @entity5 survivors, and to review the literature for its methodological quality. METHODS: A search in Medline, PEDro and the Cochrane databases was performed for English literature citations (randomized controlled trials; 'RCTs'). In a first step, one reviewer abstracted data from the included studies on @entity1 , physical activity interventions and outcomes. Two independent reviewers reviewed the methodological quality of these studies. Data were pooled using random-effects calculations. RESULTS: Our search identified 201 citations. Five RCTs that reported changes in daily step activity over time were identified, and were reviewed for methodological quality and substantive results. The median score across studies for methodological quality based on the PEDro criteria was 8. These 5 RCTs evaluated 660 @entity1 with a mean age of 53.6 (SD 4.2) years. The mean change in daily step activity for @entity1 with a physical exercise intervention was 526 daily steps (SD 537), with a range from -92 to 1299 daily steps. The data of three studies reporting the effect of combined physical activity and counseling on daily walking activity in @entity0 survivors were pooled, however; the I(2) was 79%, indicating statistical heterogeneity between the three trials. CONCLUSION: The 5 RCTs reviewed were of good methodological quality. Together they suggest that combined physical activity and counseling improves daily step activity in (breast) @entity5 survivors. Studies that define a step goal appear to be more effective in improving daily walking activity than studies that do not do so. However, the current results should be interpreted with caution because of the observed clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of goal targeted physical activity, with or without counseling, on daily walking in various @entity5 populations.

title: Physical activity interventions to improve daily walking activity in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity162 and @entity161 have both been associated with deficits in @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ). Deficits in @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ) have also been shown in @entity161 but not in @entity162 . This study sought to assess the specificity of these findings in a direct comparison of clinically stable @entity1 with @entity74 . METHOD: The intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional (IDED) set-shifting task, part of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), was administered to 30 @entity1 with @entity161 , 47 with @entity162 and a group of 44 unaffected controls. @entity1442 and @entity4207 errors were compared between the groups and related to measures of current and past @entity146 symptoms and medication. RESULTS: Both groups of @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity162 made more @entity1442 and @entity4207 errors than controls. Neither measure separated the two disorders, even when the analysis was restricted to euthymic @entity1 . No relationship was found with prescribed medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity161 show @entity51 in @entity1442 and @entity4207 . These deficits do not seem to be attributable to current symptoms and are consistent with disrupted networks involving the ventral prefrontal cortex.

title: Set shifting and @entity4207 in XXXX with @entity162 or @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['common deficits']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['extra-dimensional set shifting', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['reversal learning', 'RL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['each disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the potential association of the @entity5704 @entity34572 and @entity15860 @entity34573 polymorphisms with the occurrence and prognosis of CAD. Gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the ABI PRISM-Snapshot multiplex method in 515 CAD @entity1 and 401 control subjects. The serum level of @entity1356 was investigated by ELISA assays. The clinical endpoints were evaluated during a median follow-up period of 32 months. The @entity5704 @entity34572 gene polymorphism was significantly associated with the occurrence of CAD, while the @entity15860 @entity34573 gene polymorphism was not involved. @entity1 carrying G allele of @entity5704 @entity34572 had more severe @entity3979 . Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association of the G allele with major adverse cardiac event. The serum @entity1356 concentrations in @entity1 with GG genotype were significantly increased compared with those in the @entity1 with CC genotype. Our findings for the first time show that the @entity5704 @entity34572 polymorphism is involved in the occurrence of CAD in the Chinese Han population; and G allele can effectively predict clinical outcome of CAD. The G allele susceptibility to CAD is maybe associated with the increased level of serum @entity1356 .

title: The @entity5704 XXXX Polymorphism Is Associated with the Occurrence and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease in the Chinese Han Population.

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

answer: @entity34572 :: (rs10754558,SNP) :: ['rs10754558']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity2685 due to gunshot wounds is a surgical challenge. Better surgical strategies based on clinical and electrophysiological patterns are needed. The aim of this study is to clarify the factors which may influence the surgical technique and outcome of the @entity5300 caused by @entity130 . METHODS: Two hundred and sixty five @entity1 who had @entity5300 caused by @entity130 were included in this study. All of them were male with a mean age of 22 years. Twenty-three @entity1 were improved with conservative treatment while the others underwent surgical treatment. The @entity1 were classified and managed according to the locations, clinical and electrophysiological findings, and coexisting lesions. RESULTS: The wounding agent was shrapnel in 106 @entity1 and bullet in 159 @entity1 . Surgical procedures were performed from 6 weeks to 10 months after the injury. The majority of the lesions were repaired within 4 months were improved successfully. Good results were obtained in upper trunk and lateral cord lesions. The outcome was satisfactory if the nerve was intact and only compressed by @entity82 or the nerve was in-contunuity with @entity2950 or @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Appropriate surgical techniques help the recovery from the lesions, especially in @entity1 with complete functional loss. Intraoperative nerve status and the type of surgery significantly affect the final clinical outcome of the @entity1 .

title: Surgical outcomes of the XXXX caused by gunshot wounds in adults.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injuries']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application value of a 3D visualisation preoperative treatment planning system in microwave ablation for @entity96 . METHODS: From December 2011 to November 2012, 94 enrolment @entity1 of @entity96 were divided into two groups. The 3D preoperative planning group included 36 @entity1 with 44 lesions, who underwent microwave ablation with the aid of the self-developed 3D visualisation preoperative treatment planning system. The 2D preoperative planning group included 58 @entity1 with 64 lesions, who underwent microwave ablation according to conventional 2D image preoperative planning methods. After microwave ablation, therapeutic efficacy was assessed by contrast-enhanced imaging during follow-up. RESULTS: The 3D preoperative planning group had a higher success rate of first ablation than the 2D preoperative planning group (p   =   0.01). There were more sessions in the 2D preoperative planning group than in the 3D preoperative planning group (p   =   0.002). There were no significant differences in technique effectiveness rate between the 2D preoperative planning group (96.55%) and the 3D preoperative planning group (100%) according to the contrast-enhanced imaging follow-up after microwave ablation (p   =   0.64). There were no significant differences in the rate of LTP between the 2D preoperative planning group and the 3D preoperative planning group (p   =   0.64) during 3-12 months follow up (median 6 months). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the 2D preoperative planning group, the 3D preoperative planning group had a higher success rate of first ablation and fewer sessions. Therefore, the 3D visualisation preoperative treatment planning system has a relatively high clinical application value.

title: A three-dimensional visualisation preoperative treatment planning system in microwave ablation for XXXX : a preliminary clinical application.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric variceal @entity548 is life-threatening, and occasionally it requires operative intervention, but its treatment is controversial. Based on our experience, we considered that fundectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization (FPD) offers an effective treatment method. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to document postoperative and long-term follow-up results, such as, gastric variceal @entity548 recurrence and @entity1 survival. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 41 @entity1 with @entity2312 who underwent FPD between August 1994 and May 2005. The evaluation included clinical characteristics, operative morbidity, mortality, and long-term follow up results. RESULTS: Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 26.8% and 17.1%, respectively. @entity1 -Pugh classification, number of previous variceal @entity548 episodes, success of preoperative intervention, and ongoing active @entity548 during surgery were all factors found to have significant effects on postoperative mortality. No recurrent @entity548 from gastric varices was encountered over a median follow-up period of 52.1 months. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 62.0%, and the major causes of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: The operative procedure used in this study resulted in a low rate of recurrent @entity548 and good long-term survival. This analysis of results suggests that fundectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization is an effective therapeutic intervention in @entity1 with fundal variceal @entity548 .

title: Long-term results of fundectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'death were hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fundal variceal bleeding']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric fundal variceal bleeding']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to answer two questions. First--has a particular traumatic event (the @entity235  sk Shipyard concert-hall fire) caused any psychopathological changes in the victims? Secondly--if yes, how do the dynamics of these changes manifest themselves? METHOD: The authors used two psychological methods. Adjective Check List, which measures the structure of psychological needs, and in some way, the picture of oneself (before and after the fire) and HADS-M, which measures the intensity of negative emotions ( @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity146 ). The first investigation in 1995 included two groups: 46 victims of the fire and a control group (47 youngsters, who did not participate in this particular concert). The investigation of the victims group was then repeated twice, in 1996 (35 @entity1 ) and in 1999 (39 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The series of investigations lead to the conclusion that the traumatic event ( @entity235  sk Shipyard hall fire) caused statistically significant, psychopathological changes in the victims (the first investigation). The changes concerned the worsening of the picture of oneself and an increase in the intensity of negative emotions ( @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity146 ). All these changes still exist, despite the time which passed since the traumatic event (the repeated investigations).

title: [Psychological changes in the victims of the XXXX  sk Shipyard hall fire in the period of 1995-1999].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressiveness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Gene) :: ['Gda']


abstract: AIM: The optimal dosage of proton pump inhibitor in @entity548 @entity10189 remains controversial. The aim was to compare the clinical effectiveness of two doses of infusional @entity10112 in peptic @entity1066 . METHODS: Peptic @entity1066 @entity1 (n= 120) with @entity548 stigmata were enrolled after successful endoscopic therapy. After an initial bolus injection of 80 mg @entity10112 , @entity1 were randomized to receive continuously infused @entity10112 at either 192 mg day(-1) or 40 mg every 6 h (i.e. 160 mg day(-1)) for 3 days. Clinical outcomes between the two groups within 14 days were compared, with 14-day recurrent @entity548 regarded as the primary end-point. RESULTS: Both groups (n= 60 each) were well matched in demographic and clinical factors upon entry. Bleeding totally recurred in 11 (9.2%) @entity1 , with six (10%) in the 192 mg day(-1) group and five (8.3%) in the 160 mg day(-1) group (relative risk of @entity548 recurrence between two treatments 1.2; 95% CI 0.39, 3.72). All secondary outcomes between the two groups were similar, including the amount of blood transfusion (mean 1179 ml vs. 1203 ml, P > 0.1), hospital stay (mean 9.5 days vs. 9.9 days, P > 0.1), need for surgery (n= 1 vs. n= 0, P > 0.1), and mortality (n= 1 vs. n= 0, P > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Following endoscopic haemostasis, infusional @entity10112 at either 192 mg day(-1) or 40 mg every 6 h appear similar.

title: A randomized controlled trial comparing two different dosages of infusional @entity10112 in peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the utility of ultrasound to show subclinical feet disease in @entity309 . METHODS: The foot joints (talocrural, talocalcaneal, talonavicular, naviculocuneiform, calcaneocuboid, 5th tarsometatarsal and 1st to 5th metatarsophalangeal [MTP] joints) of 50 healthy subjects and 50 @entity309 @entity1 , with asymptomatic feet, were compared bilaterally. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Twenty-two joints were examined per individual (2200 in the entire sample). Significantly higher values were found in the @entity309 group regarding quantitative @entity603 in all joints recesses (p<0.003), the presence of @entity603 (p<0.035) (except the 5thtarsometatarsal and 3rdMTP joint), power Doppler (PD) signals (p<0.029) (talocalcaneal, talonavicular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4thMTP joints) and @entity79 (p<0.003) (except for the talocrural and @entity2720 ). @entity603 , PD signals and @entity2681 were observed in 18.3% and 3.05% (p<0.001), 5.77% and 0.22% (p<0.001) and 34.45% and 2.85% (p<0.001) of the @entity309 group and control group, respectively. Greater DAS-28, HAQ and FFI values were associated with ultrasound findings in only some joints (p<0.046). Interobserver agreement was  <=0.686 for semi-quantitative @entity603 ,  <=0.641 for quantitative @entity603 ,  <=0.474 for PD signals and  <=1.000 for @entity2681 . Low Cohen Kappa values were found in the correlation between radiography and ultrasound (0.084-0.400). CONCLUSIONS. Ultrasound on @entity309 asymptomatic feet demonstrated a significantly greater number of inflammatory changes in current activity ( @entity603 , PD signals) and sequelae ( @entity2681 ) in comparison to control subjects. In the midfoot, the talonavicular joint has the greatest number of ultrasound findings.

title: Usefulness of US to show @entity2720 in asymptomatic feet of @entity309 XXXX compared to healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['talocalcaneal joints']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16853 (FG) is used by many groups to retrogradely trace nervous system pathways. @entity16853 , while a robust tracer, also is @entity2359 and causes @entity3145 at the injection site and leads to @entity51 . NEW METHOD: In the current study, we describe a method for enhancing FG-uptake using Triton    and an overall procedure for reducing FG-related @entity3145 while still allowing effective quantification. RESULTS: Triton    decreases the amount of FG, as well as the time required for long-distance transport from the thoracic spinal cord to the motor cortex by>4 fold when this distance is>10 inches. Although small FG concentrations and injection volumes are ideal for minimizing associated @entity3145 and @entity51 , they result in difficult-to-detect fluorescence. This can be solved using FG antiserum paired with an ABC chromogen reaction. This ABC chromogen reaction product can remain stable for at least 9 years. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): This study is the first to collectively address FG-induced @entity3145 and describe methods for minimizing this damage. CONCLUSIONS: Triton enhances the uptake of FG in the nervous system, reduces the FG required, and allows for a substantial decrease in tracing time that limits FG-induced @entity51 . Small FG concentration and volume decreases @entity3145 but also decreases FG fluorescent detection. Detection challenges are resolved using FG anti-serum and chromogen reactions.

title: Enhancing XXXX -Based Neural Tract Tracing.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity16853 :: ('MESH:C049774', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorogold']

answer: @entity16853 :: (MESH:C049774,Chemical) :: ['Fluorogold']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2000 French Consensus Conference for Acute @entity25081 management underlined clinical practice recommendations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of these guidelines on management of @entity697 , 3 and 8 years after publication. METHODS: A standardized questionnaire was mailed to 762 general practitioners (GPs) in 2003 and 800 GPs in 2008. It described two clinical case scenarios (moderate @entity25081 and severe @entity697 ) and inquired about the physician's conduct in each case. The primary outcome was the percentage of responders who described @entity1 management in accordance with current guidelines: correct diagnosis and treating the @entity1 symptomatically in an outpatient setting in the first case and correct diagnosis in addition to requiring an inpatient setting for the second case. Secondary outcome was the percentage of responders who would have given unnecessary or potentially harmful treatments. Physician responses in 2003 and 2008 were compared using the Student t-test and the Chi(2) test. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the potential factors associated with good adherence to guidelines. RESULTS: Nearly 25% of the questionnaires were returned in 2003 and 2008. @entity1 management was described in accordance with the guidelines in only 6% in 2003 and 20% in 2008 (p< or =0.001). Unnecessary treatments were prescribed in 77% in 2003 vs 60% in 2008 (p<0.001) and potentially dangerous treatments in 38% in 2003 vs 22 % in 2008 (p=0.006). Using multivariate analysis, the GP's age was inversely correlated with adherence to clinical recommendations (adjusted odds ratio [adOR]=0.93; 95% CI=0.87-0.98; p=0.01). Fifty-four percent of GPs reported knowing these guidelines, but only 57% of them declared that the latter has modified their practice. DISCUSSION: GPs are still prescribing unnecessary or even potentially dangerous treatments for @entity5924 . On the other hand, severe cases are correctly diagnosed and well managed in an inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: Three and 8 years after their publication, adherence to guidelines is insufficient.

title: [Assessment of the French Consensus Conference for Acute XXXX on outpatient management: progress between 2003 and 2008].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity25081 :: ('MESH:D001990', 'Disease') :: ['Viral Bronchiolitis', 'acute viral bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity25081 :: (MESH:D001990,Disease) :: ['Viral Bronchiolitis']


abstract: We herein report the case of a 66-year-old Japanese @entity1 who was admitted to our hospital due to @entity294 and malaise. She had been diagnosed with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) at 35 years of age and had suffered from recurrent @entity281 since that time. Antibiotic therapy combined with @entity99 and cyst sclerosing therapy led to transient improvements each time. At 66 years of age, watery @entity294 occurred. The patient's serum albumin level declined to 1.8 g/dL, and her @entity1851 level was 4.5 mg/dL. An endoscopic biopsy of the descending colon revealed amorphous deposits in the small arteries and tissues of the submucosal layer. The deposits were positive for Congo Red staining and amyloid A staining. Therefore, @entity2783 was diagnosed. An endoscopic biopsy of the stomach and duodenum also showed @entity527 . If an @entity8 @entity1 with a long history of @entity281 develops @entity294 and malaise, @entity2783 should be considered as a possible complication.

title: @entity2783 in @entity8 caused by chronic XXXX lasting for 30 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['AA-amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA-amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cyst infections', 'cyst infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cyst drainage']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['cyst infections']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity2530 of the femoral head (ION) is a @entity158 of the hip, the pathogenic mechanism of which is still unclear. The most common extraneous factor is @entity134 treatment. @entity230 have inhibiting effects on bone formation and resorption. When bone regenerative treatments are indicated for ION @entity1 who are exposed to @entity230 , we cannot ignore the effects of @entity228 itself on bone healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glucocorticoid on bone regeneration after @entity2530 of the femoral head in a @entity35 model. @entity2530 was induced surgically on the left femoral heads of aged female @entity35 (about 6 months old) on day 0. @entity8313 (MPSS) or normal saline was administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day from day 7 to 11. Femoral heads were analyzed histologically. There were no pathological findings in the right femoral heads of the MPSS-treated and saline-treated @entity35 , as control for the @entity130 . The newly formed bone volume and the osteoclast number were significantly smaller in the MPSS-treated group. The normal bone marrow was regenerated in the saline-treated group, whereas most of the bone marrow space still contained fibroblast-like spindle-shaped cells in the MPSS-treated group on day 42. Alkaline phosphatase-positive cells were only seen in the areas around the regenerated bone marrow cavities. Thus, MPSS inhibits bone formation by suppressing osteoblast proliferation and resorption by suppressing the recruitment of osteoclast precursors. These findings may be useful when designing treatments for ION @entity1 exposed to @entity230 .

title: Glucocorticoid inhibits bone regeneration after @entity2530 of the femoral head in aged female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral injury']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20293 ( @entity20293 ) is common after limb amputations, involving up to 90% of amputees. Although many different therapies have been evaluated, none has been found to be highly effective. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a prolonged perineural infusion of a high concentration of local anesthetic solution in preventing @entity20293 . METHODS: A perineural catheter was placed immediately before or during surgery in 71 @entity1 undergoing lower extremity amputation. A continuous infusion of 0.5% @entity1342 was started intraoperatively at 5 mL/h using an elastomeric (nonelectronic) pump, and continued for 4 to 83 days after surgery. @entity20293 was evaluated on the first postoperative day and then 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. To evaluate the presence and severity of @entity20293 while the @entity1 was receiving the @entity1342 infusion, it was discontinued for 6 to 12 hours before each assessment period (i.e., until the sensation in the extremity returned). The severity of @entity20293 was assessed using a 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS), with 0 = no @entity158 to 4 = intolerable @entity158 , and "phantom" sensations were recorded as present or absent. If the VRS score was >1 or significant phantom sensations were present, the @entity1342 infusion was immediately restarted at 5 mL/h. If the VRS score remained at 0 to 1 and the @entity1 had not experienced phantom sensations for 48 hours, the infusion was permanently discontinued and the catheter was removed. RESULTS: Median duration of the local anesthetic infusion was 30 days (95% confidence interval, 25-30 days). On postoperative day 1, 73% of the @entity1 complained of severe-to-intolerable @entity158 (visual analog scale >2). However, the incidence of severe-to-intolerable phantom limb @entity158 was only 3% at the end of the 12-month evaluation period. At the end of the 12-month period, the percentage of @entity1 with @entity158 scores were 0 = 84%, 1 = 10%, 2 = 3%, 3 = 3%, and 4 = none. However, @entity20293 were present in 39% of @entity1 at the end of the 12-month evaluation period. All @entity1 were able to manage the elastomeric catheter infusion system at home. CONCLUSION: Use of a prolonged postoperative perineural infusion of @entity1342 0.5% seems to be an effective therapy for the treatment of phantom limb @entity158 and sensations after lower extremity amputation.

title: The use of prolonged peripheral neural blockade after lower extremity amputation: the effect on symptoms associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['Phantom limb syndrome', 'phantom limb and stump pain', 'PLS', 'phantom limb sensations']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['VRS pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity20293 :: (MESH:D010591,Disease) :: ['phantom limb syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the diagnostic yields of combining fine needle aspiration (FNA) with brushing cytology (BC) in clinical work-up of @entity1124 . The study included a total of 97 @entity1 who underwent both FNA and BC along with histologic/clinical follow-up (F/U). Cytologic diagnoses were categorized as negative for @entity5 (NEG), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and suspicious or positive for @entity5 (POS). Based on the cytologic diagnoses, the cohort was divided as follows: 23 had concordant FNA and BC diagnoses of POS/ @entity5 , all were @entity5 on F/U; 34 had disconcordant (POS/ @entity5 vs. NEG) FNA and BC diagnoses, all but 2 were @entity5 on F/U; The remaining 40 were NEG on both FNA and BC, F/U revealed that 10 were @entity5 and 30 were chronic @entity788 . Overall, FNA rendered more true positive diagnoses than BC. However, BC but not FNA detected @entity5 in 10 @entity1 . Most of the @entity5 identified on F/U were @entity420 (59 of 65). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 69.2, 93.8, 95.7, 60, and 77.3% for FNA alone, 50.8, 100, 100, 50.0, and 67.0% for BC alone, and 84.6, 100, 100, 76.2, and 89.7% for combining FNA with BC. In conclusion, both EUS-guided FNA and BC are valuable modalities in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity1124 . When used in combination, the two modalities complement each other and achieve better diagnostic yield in @entity1124 than either FNA or BC alone.

title: Combining fine needle aspiration with brushing cytology has improved yields in diagnosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'atypical/favor neoplasm', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The results of a prospective series using the mesocaval interposition shunt (MIS) over a period of 13 years is reviewed: 100 @entity1 were selected for the operation using strict criteria and in 98 cases the operation was performed electively. Selection criteria included liver volume between 1000-2500 mL, portal perfusion between 15-30%, no active @entity409 and no @entity99 as well as a good functional @entity1 -PUGH classification (A-B). In all the cases preoperative sclerotherapy was performed so many times as needed by each individual @entity1 with the goal of controlling the active @entity548 episodes at admission and of diminishing the pre and @entity86 probability. Intraoperative postshunt measurements showed residual portal perfusion in all studied @entity1 . Early mortality was 10% and the follow up mortality 38.8%. Main causes of death were @entity1578 . Five and ten years survival rates were 63.9% and 35.1% respectively. The total @entity75 rate was 12.2%. Rebleeding was observed in 5.5% of the cases and long term shunt patency rate among survivors was 90%. Angiography and sequential scintigraphy showed residual portal perfusion in 75% of cases soon after operation, in 60% after 6 months and 38% after 2 years, showing the tendency of the derivation to diminish the portal perfusion rate in the late postoperative period. The results show that MIS still has a place in the treatment of @entity101 and that it is an excellent alternative choice to the selective shunts and the devascularization procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: 100 meso-caval interposition-shunts for recurrent XXXX in @entity101 . A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'CHILD', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of hepatic artery or coeliac axis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal hemorrhage']