abstract: The voltage gated @entity1372 channel (VGSC) blocker @entity2812 (LTG), when administered during kindling acquisition, leads to the development of resistance to LTG. The present study aimed to assess whether LTG-resistant amygdala-kindled @entity35 display subsequent resistance to the VGSC blocker @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and the broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). Two groups of male @entity35 received either 0.5% methylcellulose (MC) or LTG (5mg/kg, i.p.) 1h before each amygdala kindling stimulation. Treatments were stopped once both the groups were fully kindled. Two days later, both groups were challenged with a higher dose of LTG (15mg/kg, i.p.) to verify LTG-resistance in the experimental group (i.e., LTG-pretreated @entity35 ). The efficacy of @entity2050 and @entity2052 was then evaluated in both groups. A higher dose of LTG blocked fully kindled @entity410 in the vehicle-treated @entity35 but not @entity410 in the LTG-treated group. The mean @entity410 score, of the control group (1.2  0.3) was significantly lower (P<.05) than that of the LTG-treated population (3.5  0.7; n=8). A lower percent of the population in the control group was observed to display a generalized stage 4-5 @entity410 compared to the experimental group (i.e., those that received LTG during kindling acquisition) (28.5% vs. 62%, respectively). Interestingly, @entity2050 (10, 20, and 40mg/kg) displayed a dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in the vehicle-kindled group, but was less effective in LTG-treated animals. In contrast, @entity2052 (300mg/kg) effectively blocked the behavioral @entity410 and decreased the afterdischarge duration (ADD) in both vehicle and LTG groups. These findings suggest that the LTG-resistant, amygdala-kindled @entity35 may represent a novel model of pharmacoresistant @entity302 .

title: XXXX , but not @entity1092 , displays pharmacoresistance in @entity2812 -resistant amygdala kindled @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['Carbamazepine']


abstract: Four @entity1 who developed combined tendon and overlying @entity272 following operative repair of @entity397 were presented. Three @entity1 had an infected wound. The average interval from the first operation for repairing the @entity397 and the reconstructive procedure was 46.2 days (range, 5-65 days). All @entity1 were treated with a one-stage operation including radical debridement, reconstruction of the @entity924 using vascularized or nonvascularized tendon grafts, transfer of peroneus brevis for augmentation, and skin coverage with a free flap. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully. The average follow-up period was 39.2 months (range, 18-79 months). In all @entity1 , an evaluation of the clinical outcome, the performance of the @entity291 muscles using a computerized dynamometer, and structural changes of the reconstructed Achilles tendon using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were made. The clinical outcome was excellent in three @entity1 and good in one. In isokinetic testing (Cybex-Norm), strength was found to be normal in one @entity1 and abnormal in three @entity1 . MR images revealed an intratendinous area of homogenous and normal intensity signal, and a significant increase in thickness and width in all levels of the reconstructed Achilles tendon. The authors conclude that it is possible to obtain satisfactory function in @entity1 with complex wounds in the region of the Achilles tendon.

title: Reconstruction of skin and XXXX from wound complications after @entity397 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon defects']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured Achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin defects']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendon defects']


abstract: It is believed that the pathogenesis of @entity779 is generated by a deregulation of the immunological response. Dengue virus-infected monocytes/macrophages are likely to secrete monokines, which play a role in clinical features observed in @entity1 with @entity779 @entity548 @entity221 or @entity7643 . This is a report on a study on 45 individuals presenting clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity778 . During the acute phase of infection, immunophenotyping of peripheral mononuclear leukocytes was carried out in 19 @entity1 and demonstrated a reduced frequency of @entity3138 + lymphocytes and their @entity404 + and @entity405 + subsets. Normal ratios were recovered during convalescence. Also, during the acute phase, mononuclear cells proliferated poorly in response to mitogens and @entity779 antigens as detected by incorporation of radiolabeled @entity1014 . During convalescence the lymphoproliferative response was re-established. In addition, the presence of circulating cytokines was investigated in the plasma of the same 45 @entity1 . Concentrations of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 ), @entity688 ( @entity688 ) and soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor receptor (sTNF-Rp75) were found to be significantly elevated in @entity1 when compared to normal controls. The increase in @entity310 was correlated with @entity548 manifestations and the increase in @entity688 with @entity1423 . The data demonstrate that during the acute phase of @entity281 subsets of T lymphocytes are depressed in terms of both rate and function and provide evidence that circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as @entity310 , are important in the pathogenesis and severity of @entity779 . @entity688 may be downregulating lymphocyte and platelet function.

title: Characterisation of lymphocyte response and cytokine patterns in XXXX with @entity779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet decay']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A case of 38-year-old male with adult onset phosphoglucomutase (PGM) deficiency was reported. The @entity1 was admitted at Kawamura Hospital (Gifu City) for evaluation of easy fatiguability and exercise-induced @entity425 since he was 20 years old. Physical examination revealed moderate @entity425 , @entity5653 of extremities, bilateral @entity28271 and @entity1183 of distal portion of extremities. Fasting plasma @entity413 was low (58 mg/dl). Venous concentration of @entity880 failed to rise after an ischemic forearm exercise test. An @entity1425 tolerance test revealed @entity1602 response. Studies of anaerobic glycolysis in vitro using muscle homogenates with the substrate between @entity13993 and @entity3776 showed decreased @entity880 production. Direct assay of individual muscle glycolytic enzymes demonstrated reduction of PGM activity (15% of normal, n = 12). Biopsy study with PAS staining of quadriceps femoris muscle demonstrated small amount of deeply staining glycogen in subsarcolemmal area. Electron microscopic examination revealed @entity121 with small amount of glycogen in subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar spaces. Sural nerve biopsy showed degeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers but there was no apparent accumulation of glycogen. From the clinical, biochemical and histopathological evidences, the @entity1 might be a rare case of adult onset @entity50862 .

title: [A case of adult onset XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle destruction']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the extremities', 'muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity50862 :: ('MESH:C567859', 'Disease') :: ['PGM deficiency']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity28271 :: ('MESH:D010005', 'Disease') :: ['clubbed fingers']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity13993 :: ('MESH:C031590', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity50862 :: (MESH:C567859,Disease) :: ['phosphoglucomutase deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine factors which influence the sensitivity of @entity1 @entity14 cell lines to @entity1311 . METHODS: The @entity1311 sensitivity of ten @entity1 @entity14 cell lines, and a panel of RKO @entity694 cell lines, isogenic except for @entity876 status, were studied. The inhibitory concentrations causing a 50% decrease in growth (IC50) were assayed after 3, 24, and 96 h after @entity1311 exposure. The doubling time (DT) and cell cycle parameters of cells were also measured. The expression of the @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity588 and @entity589 was quantitatively assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Mean IC50 values at 24 and 96 h drug exposure were about 1.5 logs lower than the IC50 values at 3 h, regardless of the @entity876 status. No difference was found between the IC50 values of wild-type and mutant @entity876 cells, or among the RKO panel of cells. Correlation analysis showed that: (1) resistance was associated with longer DTs, but this was generally abated by a 96-h exposure; (2) with a 3-h exposure, the combination of MDR, @entity588 and @entity589 parameters with DT (DT + MDR + @entity588 @entity589 ) best correlated with IC50 values (r = 0.77); (3) with a 96-h exposure, in spite of the generally decreased IC50 values, a combination of @entity1262 , @entity588 and @entity589 parameters (MDR + @entity588 - @entity589 ) best correlated with the IC50 values (r = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the exposure duration, DT, and expression of @entity1262 , @entity588 and @entity589 each contribute to @entity1311 sensitivity of @entity1 @entity14 cells. In assessing @entity1311 drug resistance, multiple factors should always be considered. There may be a therapeutic window for @entity6023 in @entity694 by optimizing pharmacokinetics and modulating @entity1262 and @entity588 resistance factors.

title: Multiple factors other than @entity876 influence @entity694 sensitivity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR-1', 'multidrug resistance glycoprotein-1']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to report a case of @entity1036 caused by the organism Absidia corymbifera (class Zygomycetes, order Mucorales, family Mucoraceae). DESIGN: Case report. @entity1 : A healthy 37-year-old farmer scratched his left @entity267 on a galvanized nail while working in his barn. Within 24 hours, an infiltrate in the interior @entity267 developed that advanced superiorly, reducing the vision to hand motion by the following day. He was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics and antifungal medications, but the infiltrate spread to the adjacent nasal limbus. INTERVENTION: An 11-mm penetrating keratoplasty was performed with an adjacent nasal 7-mm superficial lamellar sclerectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathologic examination of the keratoplasty specimen. RESULTS: Corneal cultures grew A. corymbifera. The organisms were identified in tissue sections by light, fluorescent, electron, and immunoelectron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that this is the first reported case of @entity1036 caused by an Absidia species and, as such, represents an unusual form of @entity2583 in an otherwise healthy individual.

title: Post-traumatic XXXX caused by Absidia corymbifera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic keratitis', 'keratitis']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['corneal mucormycosis']


abstract: The immediate, 1 day and 14 days skin reaction was determined in 23 female @entity1252 @entity1 and 23 age-matched controls after standardized exposure to ultraviolet light of the UV-A wavelengths (320-440 nm). Eighteen of the @entity1 and 12 of the controls were photosensitive by history. Eight separate sites on the buttocks were exposed to UV-A light, four sites at doses between 42 and 252 kJ/m2 and four sites with longpass filters (320, 345, 360 and 375 nm). The reactions on test sites were graded by two independent observers unaware of given doses of filter location. All @entity1 and controls reacted with immediate erythema irrespectively of the presence or absence of photosensitivity. After 1 day, 39% of controls and 78% of @entity1 had erythema and the reactions were more pronounced to longwave UV-A light (> 320 nm) in the @entity1 (P < 0.001). After 14 days, six @entity1 , but no control, had persistent erythema (P = 0.04). Interestingly, three of the four @entity1 without anamnestic photosensitivity did not react on days 1 or 14, while the pattern seen in the controls on day 1 was totally unpredictable with regard to reported photosensitivity. These findings strongly suggest that a considerable proportion of @entity1252 @entity1 show pathological skin reactions to physiological doses of longwave UV-A and not only the far more studied shortwave UV-B (290-320 nm). The responsible chromatophore for the UV-A reaction is not known.

title: Standardized ultraviolet-A exposure provokes skin reaction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: To analyze the effect of age in both B and T cell compartments of the immune system, we have studied the anti-dextran (Dx) B512 humoral immune response in aged C57BL/6 @entity19 . We have used Dx in its native form, which induces a thymus-independent (TI) response, or conjugated to chicken serum albumin (CSA), which induces a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) response. We have also analyzed the adjuvant effect of cholera toxin (CT) in both types of responses. Our results show that the B cell compartment is not greatly affected by age as demonstrated in the TI responses and that CT is a powerful adjuvant despite the age of the animals. However, we found a severe age-associated impairment of @entity734 responses. We conclude that the first antigenic challenge deeply influences further antigenic responses in a positive or negative manner. Priming in early life with native Dx (TI) inhibited late @entity734 responses in aged @entity19 , even when the primary immunization had occurred a long time ago. This negative memory affects posterior @entity734 responses both in the quantity and in the affinity of the response. However, immunization at an early age with @entity734 priming (CSA-Dx) provoked a long-lasting immune memory that abolished in part the age-associated impairment of the response. Our results suggest that protocols of vaccination with TI antigens may not be a convenient strategy, because the development of further optimal immune responses to the same antigen can be impaired.

title: The response in old XXXX : positive and negative immune memory after priming in early age.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'thymus-dependent']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a global problem, with a prevalence of 8 to 12% depending on location. Several large trials and systematic reviews have shown progestogens to be effective in preventing or delaying @entity600 in selected high risk @entity1 with a singleton pregnancy (including those with a short cervix or previous @entity600 ). Although an improvement in short term neonatal outcomes has been shown in some trials these have not consistently been confirmed in meta-analyses. Additionally data on longer term outcomes is limited to a single trial where no difference in outcomes was demonstrated at four years of age of the @entity1 , despite those in the " @entity1420 " group having a lower incidence of @entity600 . METHODS/DESIGN: The OPPTIMUM study is a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial to determine whether @entity1420 prophylaxis to prevent @entity600 has long term neonatal or @entity1 benefit. Specifically it will study whether, in @entity1 with singleton pregnancy and at high risk of @entity3152 , prophylactic vaginal natural @entity1420 , 200 mg daily from 22 - 34 weeks gestation, compared to placebo, improves obstetric outcome by lengthening pregnancy thus reducing the incidence of @entity3152 (before 34 weeks), improves neonatal outcome by reducing a composite of @entity204 and major morbidity, and leads to improved childhood cognitive and neurosensory outcomes at two years of age. Recruitment began in 2009 and is scheduled to close in Spring 2013. As of May 2012, over 800 @entity1 had been randomized in 60 sites. DISCUSSION: OPPTIMUM will provide further evidence on the effectiveness of vaginal @entity1420 for prevention of @entity600 and improvement of neonatal outcomes in selected groups of @entity1 with singleton pregnancy at high risk of @entity600 . Additionally it will determine whether any reduction in the incidence of @entity600 is accompanied by improved childhood outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN14568373.

title: Trial protocol OPPTIMUM-- does XXXX prophylaxis for the prevention of @entity3152 improve outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective study was conducted to review the results of treatment and to identify prognostic factors for local and regional control in a population of 378 @entity1 with @entity189 treated in a single institution by radiation therapy alone. METHODS AND MATERIAL: All @entity1 were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center between 1954 and 1992 following a consistent treatment philosophy but with evolving technique. There were 286 males and 92 females with a median age of 52 years (range: 16-86 years). The majority of the @entity1 were Caucasian (282 @entity1 , 75%). Thirty-two @entity1 (8%) had one or more @entity129 . Three-fourths of the @entity1 presented with AJCC Stage IV disease (T4, N0-3, 118 @entity1 ; T1-3, N2-3 164 @entity1 ). Histologically, 193 @entity5 (51%) were @entity957 , 154 (41%) lymphoepitheliomas, and 31 (8%) unclassified @entity189 . Average total dose varied with @entity5 and ranged from 60.2 to 72.0 Gy. Median follow-up time was 10 years. RESULTS: For the entire population the 5-, 10-, and 20-year actuarial survival rates were 48, 34, and 18%, respectively, with 184 @entity1 (49%) dying of @entity5 . Actuarial control rates at 5, 10, and 20 years were 71, 66, and 66% for the primary site and 84, 83, and 83% for the neck. A total of 100 @entity1 (26%) had local failures and 51 @entity1 (13%) had regional failures with a median time to recurrence of 8.2 months and 13 months, respectively. @entity5 , squamous histology, and presence of @entity129 were poor prognostic factors for local control in both univariate and multivariate analyses. N-stage and @entity5 histology were significant factors for neck control. Treatment year, total dose within the ranges used, and duration of treatment did not have any significant effect on local or regional control. The actuarial incidence of Grade 3-5 late complications was 16, 19, and 29% at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. Twelve @entity1 (3%) died of treatment-related complications; all but one fatal complication occurred before 1971 and the other in 1976. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows very good long-term local and regional control rates for @entity189 after definitive radiotherapy and establishes a benchmark for newer treatment strategies. Improvements in treatment technique over the years have dramatically reduced the frequency of severe late complications. @entity1 with advanced stage @entity5 and differentiated squamous histology have a relatively poor prognosis when treated with conventional radiotherapy and are candidates for dose escalation or combined modality studies.

title: XXXX treated by radiotherapy alone: determinants of local and regional control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-stage', 'Advanced T-stage', 'Cancer', 'tumors', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'nasopharyngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the nasopharynx']


abstract: Analysis of the @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) of six closely related species of Poeciliopsis demonstrated the existence of biochemical diversity in the hsp100, @entity2285 , @entity11217 , and hsp30 protein families among species. Each species expressed five to seven @entity2285 -related isoforms. Constitutive 70-kD isoforms were identical among species, but four different patterns of heat-inducible isoforms were seen in these six species. Members of the @entity2285 family of molecular chaperones are included among the most highly conserved proteins known, and the possibility of variation in @entity2285 among closely related species has rarely been addressed. The hsp30 family is known to be less conserved than the @entity2285 family, and, as expected, the Poeciliopsis hsp30 patterns showed more variation. Most of the hsp30 isoforms characteristic of a particular species were unique to that species. Hsp100 and @entity11217 were identical in five of the species, but alternate isoforms were found in P. monacha. The small size and limited geographical distribution of the P. monacha population have probably contributed to the uniqueness of the monacha pattern. Two of the species were shown to acquire thermotolerance, the ability to withstand normally lethal temperatures when subjected to a gradual temperature increase. Rapid-heating protocols commonly used to establish critical thermal maxima of organisms do not include this inducible component of thermoresistance and therefore do not adequately assess an organism's capacity to withstand thermal stress.

title: Variation in XXXX among species of desert fishes (Poeciliidae, Poeciliopsis).

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat-shock proteins', 'hsps']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat-shock proteins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We estimated the optimal chemotherapy utilisation rate for @entity135 as a benchmark for measuring and improving the quality of @entity5 care. METHODS: An optimal chemotherapy utilisation tree was constructed using indications for chemotherapy that were identified from evidence-based treatment guidelines. Data on the proportion of @entity1 and @entity5 -related attributes for which chemotherapy was indicated were obtained and merged with the treatment indications to calculate the optimal utilisation rate. The robustness of the model was tested with sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. The optimal chemotherapy utilisation rate was compared with actual utilisation rates reported. RESULTS: Chemotherapy is indicated at least once in 36% (95% CI, 33-38%) of all @entity1 with @entity135 . The optimal utilisation rates by subsites were as follows: @entity38574 , 8%; oral cavity, 40%; nasopharynx, 69%; oropharynx, 66%; hypopharynx, 74%; larynx, 43%; salivary gland, 48% and paranasal sinus with nasal cavity, 38%. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal proportion of @entity1 who should receive chemotherapy in the @entity135 population has risen significantly over the past 20 years. This temporal rise does not appear to be reflected in the limited actual utilisation rates that are available for comparison. Large population-based studies are recommended to further assess the current practice and compliance to guideline recommended care.

title: Estimation of an optimal chemotherapy utilisation rate for @entity135 : setting an evidence-based benchmark for the XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['best-quality cancer']


abstract: @entity10736 is the main receptor mediating @entity310 -induced @entity137 . However, in some cells @entity10733 also signals cell death. In PC60 cells, the presence of both receptor types is required to induce apoptosis following either specific @entity10736 or @entity10733 triggering, pointing to a mechanism of receptor cooperation. In this study, we extend previous observations and show that @entity10736 and @entity10733 cooperation in the case of apoptosis in PC60 cells is bidirectional. We also demonstrate ligand-independent @entity10736 -mediated cooperation in @entity10733 -induced granulocyte/macrophage-CSF secretion, but not vice versa. To determine which part of the intracellular @entity10733 sequence was responsible for the observed receptor cooperation in apoptosis, we introduced different @entity10733 mutant constructs in PC60 cells already expressing @entity10736 . Our data indicate that an intact @entity310 -R-associated factors 1 and 2 ( @entity32025 / @entity9134 )-binding domain is required for receptor cooperation. These findings suggest a role for the TRAF complex in @entity310 -R cooperation in the induction of cell death in PC60 cells. Nevertheless, introduction of a dominant negative (DN) @entity9134 molecule was not able to affect receptor cooperation. Remarkably, @entity9134 -DN overexpression, which was found to inhibit the @entity310 -dependent recruitment of endogenous wild-type @entity9134 to the @entity10733 signaling complex, could neither block @entity10736 - or @entity10733 -induced NF-kappaB activation nor granulocyte/macrophage-CSF secretion. Possibly, additional factors different from @entity9134 are involved in @entity310 -mediated NF-kappaB activation.

title: Cooperation of both @entity310 receptors in inducing apoptosis: involvement of the XXXX receptor-associated factor binding domain of the @entity310 receptor 75.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF']


abstract: Vaccinia phosphatase VH-1 and its @entity1 counterparts, including protein- @entity669 phosphatases (PTPase) @entity14520 and @entity42925 , constitute a novel subfamily of protein- @entity669 phosphatases that exhibits dual substrate specificity for @entity10393 - and @entity8283 / @entity1889 -containing substrates. The expression of @entity1 VH-1-like PTPase @entity14520 is rapidly inducible by mitogen stimulation and oxidative stress, suggesting that this gene is transcriptionally regulated. In order to study the mechanism underlying this transcriptional regulation, we isolated the first @entity1 gene of this subfamily, the @entity14520 gene, and characterized its promoter. The gene consists of four exons intervened by three short introns 400-500 base pairs in length. Analysis of the protein sequence encoded by each exon revealed that there is a second region of similarity between @entity14520 protein and @entity10609 in addition to the PTPase catalytic domain. Promoter analysis of the @entity14520 gene indicates that an 800-base pair region flanking the transcriptional initiation site is sufficient to confer a transcriptional response to serum and @entity864 stimulation. The @entity14520 gene is expressed in numerous tissues, including nonmitotic cells in the brain. Within the brain, @entity14520 mRNA is localized in discrete neuronal populations, suggesting that this PTPase is likely to play a key role in neurotransmission as well as in mitotic signaling. Finally, although extracellular signal-regulated kinase has recently been shown to act as substrate for @entity14520 in vitro, we find no clear correspondence between the distribution of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and @entity14520 mRNA in the brain. The potential significance of a second @entity10609 homology domain of @entity14520 is discussed.

title: Isolation and characterization of a @entity1 dual specificity protein- XXXX phosphatase gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: We performed a prospective study at the 1st Surgical Department, Semmelweis University Budapest between 1996 and 2000, in which we examined the common occurrence of @entity1689 and @entity455 in @entity1 admitted to our department because of either of these illnesses. There were 37 @entity1 suffering from both diseases, all are included in our trial. Control groups were set up of 50 consecutive @entity1689 @entity1 and 50 consecutive vascular @entity1 . In all @entity1 with two disease @entity1689 developed @entity455 . Occurrence of @entity455 is twice as common among @entity1 with @entity1689 as in normal population. Risk factors like smoking, coffee-abuse and @entity285 , which might trigger both diseases, didn't vary in the three groups. This combination of diseases usually starts in the young, and causes severe and progressive deterioration in the quality of life. In four @entity1 after operations performed because of @entity1689 , peripheral arterial operation was also necessary. Operative mortality rate in the @entity1689 group was 2%, in vascular @entity1 4% and in the group with both diseases it was 16%. We found in our study that there is relation between @entity1689 and @entity1095 . Further examinations are necessary to examine the etiology. In @entity1 with @entity1689 we must always think of the possibility of @entity455 .

title: [Chronic pancreatitis combined with obliterative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral obstructive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['later obstructive vascular disease', 'vascular disease', 'earlier than vascular disease', 'obstructive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consequences of clinical @entity2332 associated @entity1850 and @entity326 . DESIGN: Analysis of data from a multi-institutional, randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective study with predetermined end-point analysis of development of shock, recovery from shock, hospital length of stay, and @entity204 . SETTING: Multi-institutional medical and surgical ICUs. @entity1 : @entity1 meeting predetermined criteria for @entity295 . INTERVENTIONS: Appropriate @entity295 and shock care with 50% of @entity1 receiving @entity1667 and 50% receiving placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The occurrence rate of @entity2332 (< 35.5 degrees C) is 9% in this population. When compared with febrile @entity1 , hypothermic @entity1 had a @entity6220 (88% vs. 60%), increased serum @entity648 concentration (35% vs. 15%), prolonged prothrombin times (50% vs. 23%), shock (94% vs. 61%), failure to recover from shock (66% vs. 26%), and @entity204 (62% vs. 26%). The hypothermic @entity1 were also more likely to be classified as having a rapidly or ultimately fatal disease upon study admission. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study confirms that @entity2332 associated @entity1850 has a significant relationship to outcome manifest by @entity2198 and @entity204 from shock. This finding is in sharp contrast to the protective effects of induced @entity2332 in septic animals and perhaps @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the @entity1850 and clinical outcome. The @entity1667 Severe Sepsis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['higher frequency of central nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'severe sepsis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['increased frequency of shock']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['with sepsis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the prevalence of @entity1 with either primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS) and positive anticentromere antibodies (ACA) and secondary Sj  gren's syndrome (sSS) and limited @entity785 (SSc) in two large cohorts of @entity1 with pSS and SSc   and also to compare the clinical features of these two subsets with those of @entity1 affected by 'ACA-positive SSc without sicca symptoms' and 'pSS'. METHODS: In this retrospective monocentric study, the case records of 'overlap' @entity1 fulfilling both the classification criteria for SS and the LeRoy criteria for early SSc were identified from two datasets of @entity1 with limited cutaneous ACA positive SSc (209 subjects) and with pSS (402 subjects) who attended our Rheumatology Unit in the years between 1989 and 2011. Control groups were represented by SSc subjects without sicca symptoms ('SSc group') and ACA negative Pss @entity1 ('pSS group'). SSc @entity1 with sicca symptoms ('Sicca-SSc group') who did not complete the diagnostic algorithm for SS were excluded from the analysis. Demographic, clinical and immunological data of the @entity1 enrolled were collected cumulatively over the entire follow up period. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). RESULTS: Out of the two datasets 41 'overlap' @entity1 were selected. The control groups were represented by 102/209 SSc subjects without sicca symptoms ('SSc group') and 387/402 pSS @entity1 ('pSS group'). Eighty-one 'sicca-SSc' with an incomplete work-up for SS were excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of ACA positive pSS @entity1 among pSS was 3.7% (15/402), while the frequency of @entity1 with definite sSS in the SSc cohort was 20% (26/128). No differences were detected between 'overlap' @entity1 and control groups, relatively to demographic characteristics. 'Overlap @entity1 ' were characterised by a milder SSc disease (i.e. lower frequency of sclerodactily, negative evolution of the capillaroscopy pattern or absence of severe systemic involvement) whereas, as far as the SS-related manifestations were concerned, although often lacking in specific autoantibodies (i.e. rheumatoid factor, anti-Ro/SSA, @entity6016 ), the 'overlap @entity1 ' displayed a full blown SS phenotype with recurrent @entity3359 , @entity4125 , @entity1295 , @entity4841 , and @entity1431 . It is noteworthy that the prevalence of @entity1893 in the 'overlap @entity1 ' was higher than in pSS. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results of our work emphasise the existence of a novel distinct clinical entity which might tentatively be called 'ACA-positive @entity9053 /SS overlap syndrome' characterised by a benign SSc clinical course but at a high risk of @entity1893 .

title: Overlap of ACA-positive XXXX and Sj  gren's syndrome: a distinct clinical entity with mild organ involvement but at high risk of lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['limited scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous ACA positive-systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: The influence on @entity35 -feeding behavior of @entity1882 920 (a selective agonist of D2DA receptors at low doses, but also a potent stimulant of alpha 2-adrenoceptors at high doses) was examined using a new experimental model. The apparatus adopted was an X-maze with alternate open and covered arms, each baited with two food-pellets. Individual @entity35 were placed in the apparatus and observed for 5 min. Two essential aspects of @entity35 behavior in the presence of food were considered: tasting and feeding. A number of parameters were recorded: latency to tasting and feeding; interval between tasting and feeding; total feeding time. We also took into account the type of arm in which the @entity35 indulged in their first bout of tasting and feeding. In the first series of experiments, @entity1882 920 was injected intraperitoneally (0.1, 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) into fed and fasted @entity35 ; in the second series, the drug was injected intracerebroventricularly (10, 20 and 80 micrograms/ @entity35 ) into fasted @entity35 . In both experimental conditions, the drug significantly modified the animals' feeding behavior and affected their natural preference for the closed arms as places of choice in which to feed. Comparison of the results with those obtained using @entity1063 (20 micrograms/ @entity35 , intracerebroventricularly), a well-known hyperphagic agent, shows that @entity1882 920 strongly stimulates feeding. Also, the results of the intracerebroventricular experiments confirm that the effect on feeding appears at doses that are active both on alpha 2-adrenoceptors and on D2DA receptors, as can be deduced from penile erection and stretching and @entity7875 elicited in @entity35 by the same D2DA stimulant doses. The involvement of the latter receptors in feeding has been investigated by means of a new series of experiments with @entity35 treated with the D2DA antagonist @entity3216 , before @entity1882 920 at 100 micrograms/kg. The possible mechanisms underlying @entity1882 920-hyperphagic effects and the value of the X-maze feeding test as a simple procedure indicative of changes in @entity35 feeding and emotionality are discussed in the light of these latest findings.

title: Hyperphagic effect of XXXX 920 in a modified X-maze test.

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1882 :: (MESH:D002084,Chemical) :: ['B-HT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate a simple bedside test battery designed to detect mild @entity303 and differentiate @entity195 from @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ). METHODS: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a 100-point test battery that assesses six cognitive domains. Of 210 new @entity1 attending a memory clinic, 139 fulfilled inclusion criteria and comprised @entity303 (n = 115) and nondementia (n = 24) groups. The composite and the component scores on the ACE for the two groups were compared with those of 127 age- and education-matched controls. Norms and the probability of diagnosing @entity303 at different prevalence rates were calculated. To evaluate the ACE's ability to differentiate early @entity195 from @entity4943 , scores of the cases diagnosed with @entity303 with a Clinical @entity303 Rating < or = 1 ( @entity195 = 56, @entity4943 = 24, others = 20) were compared. RESULTS: Two cut-off values for the ACE composite score (88 and 83) were of optimal utility depending on the target population. The ACE had high reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity (93%, using 88 as cut-off). Using the lower cut-off of 83, the ACE had a higher sensitivity (82%) and predictive value than the Mini-Mental State Examination for a wide range of @entity303 prevalence. The ACE differentiated @entity195 from @entity4943 , and the VLOM ratio (derived using component scores: [verbal fluency + language]/[orientation + memory]) of <2.2 for @entity4943 and >3.2 for @entity195 was highly discriminating. CONCLUSION: The ACE is a brief and reliable bedside instrument for early detection of @entity303 , and offers a simple objective index to differentiate @entity195 and @entity4943 in mildly demented @entity1 .

title: A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate XXXX and @entity4943 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity3259 were studied in 6 adult lactating @entity291 after administration of single IV and IM doses at 1.1 mg/kg of body weight. A crossover design was used, with route of first administration in each @entity291 determined randomly. Plasma and milk concentrations of total @entity3259 were determined by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography, using an assay with a lower limit of detection of 50 ng of @entity3259 /ml. The pharmacokinetics of @entity3259 were best described by a 2-compartment, open model. After IV administration, mean plasma @entity3259 concentrations rapidly decreased from initial concentrations of greater than 10 micrograms/ml to nondetectable concentrations at 12 hours after administration. The distribution phase was short (t1/2 alpha, harmonic mean = 0.16 hours) and the elimination phase was more prolonged (t1/2 beta, harmonic mean = 3.14 hours). Mean +/- SD clearance after IV administration was 2.51 +/- 0.96 ml/kg/min. After IM administration, the harmonic mean for the elimination phase (t1/2 beta) was prolonged at 5.20 hours. Bioavailability after IM dosing gave a mean +/- SD (n = 5) of 76.0 +/- 28.0%. Adult, lactating @entity291 (n = 6) were challenge inoculated with endotoxin as a model of acute coliform @entity1271 . After multiple administration (total of 7 doses; first IV, remainder IM) of 1.1 mg/kg doses of @entity3259 at 8-hour intervals, plasma @entity3259 concentrations were approximately 1 microgram/ml at 2 hours after each dosing and 0.5 micrograms/ml just prior to each dosing. @entity3259 was not detected in milk at any sampling during the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in lactating XXXX after single and multiple intramuscular and intravenous administrations.

entities_list: @entity3259 :: ('MESH:C014557', 'Chemical') :: ['Flunixin', 'flunixin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of @entity367 decarboxylase ( @entity1840 ) is a major autoantigen in type 1 @entity6 . We hypothesized that alum-formulated @entity1840 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in @entity1 with recent-onset type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: We studied 334 @entity1 , 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 @entity6 , fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum @entity1840 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of @entity4053 , and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels. RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or @entity4053 rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period. (Funded by Diamyd Medical and the Swedish @entity1 @entity6 Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00723411.).

title: XXXX antigen therapy in recently diagnosed @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity1840 :: (2572,Gene) :: ['GAD65']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chest tube insertion seems to be one important factor leading to @entity73 . The purpose of this prospective study was to objectively evaluate @entity16 using current perception threshold testing in association with chest tube insertion. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Intercostal nerve function was assessed with a series of 2000-Hz (Ab fiber), 250-Hz (A   fiber), and 5-Hz ( @entity7183 ) stimuli using current perception threshold testing (Neurometer CPT/C(  )). Current perception threshold values at chest tube insertion were measured before surgery, during chest tube insertion and after removal of the chest tube. Intensities of ongoing @entity158 were also assessed using a numeric rating scale (0-10). RESULTS: Current perception thresholds at each frequency after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery. Numeric rating scale scores for @entity158 were significantly reduced from 3.3 to 1.9 after removal of the chest tube (p = 0.004). The correlation between current perception threshold value at 2000 Hz and intensity of ongoing @entity158 was marginally significant (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to objectively evaluate @entity16 at chest tube insertion. The results confirmed that chest tube insertion has clearly deleterious effects on intercostal nerve function.

title: Chest tube insertion is one important factor leading to XXXX in thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal nerve impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal nerve damage']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['intercostal nerve impairment']


abstract: Many @entity1 suffering from @entity27 ( @entity27 ) have intermittent @entity26 desaturation associated with periods of @entity386 or @entity387 . @entity26 saturation levels below 90% are considered harmful. Usually, treatment is directed at correcting the @entity386 , which will in turn prevent @entity519 . Unfortunately, many @entity1 fail or are not candidates for nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or surgical correction of their @entity27 . Forty-three @entity1 with persistent @entity27 and nocturnal @entity519 below 90% who were not candidates for additional surgical or CPAP therapy were treated with nocturnal @entity26 supplementation. Standard symptoms associated with @entity27 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were recorded before treatment and 30 days after the start of the treatment. In 21 @entity1 , polysomnography studies were performed to compare the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) score and minimum @entity26 saturation levels when the @entity1 were breathing room air or breathing 4 L/minute of @entity26 by nasal cannula. Subjective symptoms of @entity27 improved, and the ESS score significantly decreased after a 30-night treatment with @entity26 . Split-night polysomnography showed a significant increase in minimum @entity26 saturation during @entity26 administration. The RDI did not significantly change with treatment. @entity26 administration for the correction of @entity27 -related nocturnal @entity519 was both safe and effective in alleviation of @entity27 -related symptoms. It also appeared to have a beneficial effect on minimum @entity26 saturation levels. Thus, @entity26 therapy may be considered a treatment option in @entity1 who fail to comply with CPAP and are not candidates for a surgical procedure.

title: Treatment of XXXX in @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: Gastric myoelectric activity was measured in 10 @entity235 with spontaneous @entity6676 ( @entity6676 ). Myoelectric activity was recorded with temporary, retrievable wire electrodes placed on the serosal surface of the stomach after derotation and tube gastrostomy. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 1 hour daily, beginning with the day of surgery (less than 24 hours), 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after surgery. Recordings were also obtained for 1 hour daily after feeding, beginning 24 hours after surgery. Bradygastria was the predominate @entity943 immediately after surgery and at hour 24. The mean slow wave frequency was more than normal at hours 48 to 168 due to an increase in tachygastria and @entity943 . The slow wave frequency significantly decreased after feeding at hours 120 and 144. The overall mean percentage of @entity943 was significantly decreased after feeding at hour 72 only. The mean percentage of spike activity ranged from 37.7 +/- 12.5 to 75.7 +/- 6.2 throughout the 8-day study period. Thus, gastric myoelectric activity was disrupted in these @entity235 with spontaneous @entity6676 and subsequent tube gastrostomy. Feeding did not greatly diminish these @entity943 .

title: The use of retrievable electrodes for recording gastric myoelectric activity after spontaneous @entity6676 volvulus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation-volvulus', 'GDV']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery of @entity543 ( @entity543 ) has higher complication rates than primary carotid endoarterectomy (CEA). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement were evaluated retrospectively with a view to proposing then as alternative procedures for @entity543 . METHODS: In the last 10 years, 19 @entity1 underwent 20 endovascular procedures for @entity543 at our Department. The mean interval between CEA and @entity865 was 21 months (range 4-96): 14 @entity1 had PTA within 2 years, 3 @entity1 within 2 and 3 years,and 2 after 3 years. The mean degree of @entity850 was 92% (range 80-95%). PTA was performed by balloon catheters (size 4-7 mm) without using cerebral protection device; one self-expanding stent was used to treat @entity543 after PTA. All @entity1 underwent physical examination and carotid color-coded Doppler sonography in autumn 1999 RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful, with @entity850 lower than 50%, in 17 of 19 @entity1 ; 10 @entity1 showed @entity850 lower than 30%. Carotid PTA was stopped due to transient @entity51 in one case. One @entity543 proved uncompliant even though high-pressure balloon catheters were used. The mean follow-up period in 16 @entity1 was 37.4 months (range 3-99 months). Carotid restenosis after PTA developed in 3 @entity1 , respectively after 29,18 and 7 months. In the last case @entity543 was successfully treated by stent placement (Wallstent). The primary patency rate was 81%, the secondary patency rate was 88% and the late clinical success rate was of 94%. CONCLUSIONS: In selected cases, PTA without the use of cerebral protection devices and stent placement proved to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for early @entity543 . When an @entity731 is suspected surgery or endovascular treatment with cerebral protection devices are recommended.

title: [Endovascular treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['residual stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent carotid stenosis', 'RCS']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['recurrent carotid stenosis']


abstract: Postural control is a natural behavior that requires the spatial and temporal coordination of multiple muscles. Complex muscle activation patterns characterizing postural responses suggest the need for independent muscle control. However, our previous work shows that postural responses in @entity468 can be robustly reproduced by the activation of a few @entity121 . We now investigate whether a similar neural strategy is used for @entity1 postural control. We hypothesized that a few @entity121 could account for the intertrial variability in automatic postural responses from different perturbation directions, as well as different postural strategies. Postural responses to multidirectional support-surface translations in 16 muscles of the lower back and leg were analyzed in nine healthy subjects. Six or fewer @entity121 were required to reproduce the postural responses of each subject. The composition and temporal activation of several @entity121 identified across all subjects were consistent with the previously identified "ankle" and "hip" strategies in @entity1 postural responses. Moreover, intertrial variability in muscle activation patterns was successfully reproduced by modulating the activity of the various @entity121 . This suggests that trial-to-trial variations in the activation of individual muscles are correlated and, moreover, represent variations in the amplitude of descending neural commands that activate individual @entity121 . Finally, composition and temporal activation of most of the @entity121 were similar across subjects. These results suggest that @entity121 represent a general neural strategy underlying muscle coordination in postural tasks.

title: Muscle synergies characterizing XXXX postural responses.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle synergies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to examine the effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on smooth muscle @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in resting conditions and after administration of @entity1063 (NE) to stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors in isolated @entity95 afferent arterioles loaded with the @entity460 -sensitive fluorescent probe @entity593 . [ @entity141 ]i was evaluated in the proximal and distal parts of the arterioles. NE (4x10(-7) M) increased [ @entity141 ]i in both these regions. The alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 (10(-7) M) totally abolished the NE-induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i, while the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3160 (5x10(-7) M) had no influence on the response to NE. When beta-adrenoceptors were stimulated, using @entity3044 (10(-7) M), the NE-induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i was significantly lower in both regions. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors with @entity3044 did not affect the [ @entity141 ]i increase in response to depolarization with K+. Since beta-adrenoceptor stimulation raises the smooth muscle cell levels of @entity268 , an adenylate cyclase stimulator, @entity1928 (10(-5) M) was administered prior to NE application. This maneuver also blunted the increase in [ @entity141 ]i in both regions. We conclude that the @entity460 response to NE in the isolated @entity95 afferent arteriole is mediated by an alpha1-adrenoceptor. beta-Adrenoceptor stimulation and @entity1928 blunt the increase in [ @entity141 ]i induced by NE stimulation, indicating that @entity268 counteracts the NE-induced activation of alpha1-adrenoceptors.

title: The influence of beta-adrenergic activation on noradrenergic alpha1 activation of XXXX afferent arterioles.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in a population of high-level team handball players. We also wanted to examine @entity130 and possible risk factors for @entity130 , including menstrual status. The study was done prospectively during the 1993-94, 1994-95, and 1995-96 seasons. We found 28 @entity130 , 23 among @entity1 (incidence: 0.31 +/- 0.06 injuries per 1000 player hours) and 5 among @entity1 (0.06 +/- 0.03 inj./1000 h; P < 0.001 vs @entity1 ; risk ratio: 5.0). Of the 28 injuries, 24 occurred during competition (0.91 +/- 0.19 inj./1000 h; @entity1 : 1.60 +/- 0.35 inj./1000 h; @entity1 : 0.23 +/- 0.13 inj./1000 h; P < 0.001 vs. @entity1 ; risk ratio: 7.0) and 4 during training (0.03 +/- 0.02 inj./1000 h; P < 0.001 vs. competition; risk ratio: 29.9). Nearly all the injuries (n = 25) occurred in non-contact situations when the players performed high-speed plant-and-cut movements which they were well accustomed to. A reliable menstrual history could be obtained in 17 of the 23 cases among females. Five of the injuries occurred in the menstrual phase, 2 in the follicular phase, 1 in the early luteal phase and 9 in the late luteal phase (chi-square3 d.f. = 13.2; P < 0.01). The results suggest that there may be an increased risk of @entity130 during the week prior to or after the start of the menstrual period.

title: A prospective cohort study of anterior cruciate XXXX in elite Norwegian team handball.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury mechanisms', 'ACL injury', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: This study was aimed to characterize the @entity308 -like behaviour in the classical model of @entity32 induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant ( @entity3795 ). Male Swiss @entity19 received an intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of @entity3795 (50   l/paw) or vehicle. Behavioural and inflammatory responses were measured at different time-points (1 to 4 weeks), and different pharmacological tools were tested. The brain levels of @entity1356 and @entity2252 , or @entity2247 expression were also determined. @entity3795 elicited a time-dependent @entity4 formation and mechanical @entity1931 , which was accompanied by a significant increase in the immobility time in the tail suspension (TST) or forced-swimming (FST) @entity308 tests. Repeated administration of the antidepressants @entity2645 (10 mg/kg), @entity905 (20 mg/kg) and @entity752 (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed @entity308 -like behaviour induced by @entity3795 . Predictably, the anti-inflammatory drugs @entity619 (0.5 mg/kg), @entity3352 (10 mg/kg) and @entity12698 (30 mg/kg) markedly reduced @entity3795 -induced @entity4 . The oral treatment with the analgesic drugs @entity10964 (30 and 300 mg/kg) or @entity4481 (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed the mechanical allodyinia induced by @entity3795 . Otherwise, either @entity10964 or @entity4481 (both 30 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the paw @entity4 or the @entity308 -like behaviour induced by @entity3795 , whereas the oral treatment with @entity10964 (300 mg/kg) was able to reduce the immobility time in TST. Noteworthy, @entity3795 -induced @entity4 was reduced by @entity752 (30 mg/kg), and @entity308 behaviour was prevented by @entity12698 (30 mg/kg). The co-treatment with @entity752 and @entity12698 (3 mg/kg each) significantly inhibited both @entity32 and @entity308 elicited by @entity3795 . The same combined treatment reduced the brain levels of @entity1356 , as well as @entity2247 immunopositivity, whilst it failed to affect the reduction of @entity2252 levels. We provide novel evidence on the relationship between @entity32 and @entity308 , suggesting that combination of antidepressant and anti-inflammatory agents @entity752 and @entity12698 might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for @entity308 .

title: Synergistic effects of @entity12698 and @entity752 in a model of @entity32 -related XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Placebo responses are substantial in many clinical trials of treatments for @entity250 ( @entity250 ). Recent studies from other fields suggest a need to reconceptualize placebo response and to design future trials accordingly. AIM: The aims of this review are to (i) summarize current conceptualizations of placebo response in the literature; (ii) identify potential mechanisms of placebo response that are relevant to the study of FSD; and (iii) provide recommendations for incorporating this knowledge into design of future trials. METHODS: Narrative review of literature relevant to the topic of placebo response and FSD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Possible predictors and mechanisms of placebo response in @entity1 with FSD are described based on the synthesis of empirical findings in studies of placebo. RESULTS: Placebo response is a complex phenomenon that represents cognitive, behavioral, motivational, and possibly relational mediating factors. Instructions given to trial @entity1 , behavioral changes required to participate in a trial, changes in partner behavior, and interactions with study staff may influence @entity1 ' expectations of benefit and therefore their responses to placebo treatment. Side effects may enhance placebo response within active treatment arms. At present, it is unclear to what extent to which specific factors affect outcomes of clinical trials in FSD. CONCLUSIONS: Procedural and methodological factors are likely to contribute to placebo response in trials for FSD, though additional research is needed to clarify these effects. Study designs should be reevaluated to avoid unnecessary creation or exaggeration of placebo responses and to draw appropriate conclusions from trial results.

title: Listening to placebo in clinical trials for female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['FSDs', 'female sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aneurysm recanalization is an innate problem in endovascular treatment of @entity439 with coils. A coated coil system, covered with a bioabsorbable polymeric material ( @entity6886 / @entity33198 copolymer, @entity44255 ), was developed to accelerate intra-aneurysmal clot organization and @entity82 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @entity44255 -coated coils in @entity1 with @entity438 and to compare the outcome with that of bare @entity902 coils. @entity1 AND TECHNIQUES: Fifty-one @entity1 harboring 56 @entity438 underwent @entity887 with the @entity44255 -coated coils. In the control group were 78 consecutive @entity1 , harboring 87 @entity439 , who underwent coil embolization with bare @entity902 coils. The authors compared coil volume, packing attenuation, degree of occlusion of @entity439 , procedure-related complications, and follow-up results between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The @entity44255 -coil group showed comparable data regarding rate of total or near-total occlusion of the @entity439 , incidence procedure-related @entity1031 , and management outcome. Mean coil volume deployed and packing attenuation of the @entity44255 -coil group were significantly higher than those of the bare-coil group (P = .0026 and P < .0001, respectively). Radiologic follow-up evaluation revealed recanalization in 14 of 39 @entity439 (major recanalization in 5 [13%] and minor recanalization in 9 [23%]) among the @entity44255 -coil group and in 29 of 64 @entity439 (major recanalization in 9 [14%] and minor recanalization in 20 [31%]) among the bare-coil group. CONCLUSION: In this study, the incidence of recanalization was not different in @entity439 treated with @entity44255 -coated coils compared with historical controls treated with bare @entity902 coils.

title: Short-term outcome of @entity438 treated with @entity6886 / XXXX copolymer-coated coils compared to historical controls treated with bare @entity902 coils: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity33198 :: (MESH:C091880,Chemical) :: ['lactide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although @entity546 experienced after menopause is widely attributed to declining @entity172 levels and @entity194 , critical reviews of the literature have suggested that these factors are incomplete as explanatory mechanisms. Little is known about psychosocial factors that may also be implicated in postmenopausal @entity158 . AIM: To determine the extent to which levels of @entity172 and @entity1420 , @entity194 , @entity73 , and dyadic adjustment are predictive of postmenopausal @entity158 intensity. METHODS: A total of 182 @entity546 sufferers underwent a structured interview concerning sociodemographic status as well as medical and @entity158 histories, gynecological examination, cytological evaluation, a blood draw, and answered a series of self-report questionnaires. Given the large number of genital and pelvic @entity158 variables measured, a principal components analysis was undertaken to identify a smaller number of components representing meaningful dimensions of genital and pelvic @entity158 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 severity ratings during intercourse were obtained using the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire. @entity158 ratings were also obtained during gynecological assessment. Serum @entity1815 , @entity53 , and @entity1420 levels were measured via immunoassay. The @entity194 Index and maturation value were used to determine @entity194 severity. @entity1 completed the @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, The Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. RESULTS: Hormone levels were not found to be consistent predictors of @entity158 severity. Maturation value and cognitive-emotional variables (e.g., catastrophization, @entity308 , @entity148 ) were significant predictors of @entity158 , which affected over 90% of our sample. Relationship adjustment variables were inversely associated with @entity158 severity within several genital locations. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the traditional hypoestrogen and @entity194 conceptualization of @entity546 is an insufficient explanatory model, and that @entity158 is also influenced by cognitive, affective, and dyadic factors.

title: Biopsychosocial predictors of @entity546 : the role of steroid hormones, XXXX , @entity73 , and dyadic adjustment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive-emotional factors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal Atrophy', 'vulvovaginal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'dyspareunic pain']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal dyspareunia', 'dyspareunia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal atrophy']


abstract: @entity64 is a @entity16 . The early administration of specific treatment improves the prognosis of the @entity1 . Emergency care systems with early warning for the hospital regarding @entity1 who are candidates for this treatment ( @entity64 code) increases the number of @entity1 treated. Currently, reperfusion via thrombolysis for @entity385 and attention in @entity64 units are the bases of treatment. Healthcare professionals and health provision authorities need to work together to organize systems that ensure continuous quality care for the @entity1 during the whole process of their disease. To implement this, there needs to be an appropriate analysis of the requirements and resources with the objective of their adjustment for efficient use. It is necessary to provide adequate information and continuous training for all professionals who are involved in @entity64 care, including primary care physicians, extrahospital emergency teams and all physicians involved in the care of @entity64 @entity1 within the hospital. The neurologist has the function of coordinating the protocols of intrahospital care. These organizational plans should also take into account the process beyond the acute phase, to ensure the appropriate application of measures of secondary prevention, rehabilitation, and chronic care of the @entity1 that remain in a dependent state. We describe here the @entity64 care program in the Community of Madrid (Spain).

title: Relevance of @entity64 code, XXXX unit and @entity64 networks in organization of @entity64 care--the Madrid @entity64 care program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological emergency']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Few series describing the results of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for the treatment of @entity1893 report mature follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed 110 adults with @entity1893 treated with ABMT from 1988 to 1993. Overall survival and relapse-free survival were 50% and 35%, respectively. Estimated median relapse-free survival was 16 months. There was no statistically significant difference in relapse-free or overall survival by low, intermediate, and high-grade histologies, as defined by the International Working Formulation. The most powerful negative prognostic variable was an elevated LDH at the time of transplant (relapse-free survival 17% vs 42% for those with a normal LDH). Forty-seven @entity1 were in complete remission 2 years after transplant. Extended follow-up revealed that 100% of @entity1 with high-grade histologies remained in complete remission, whereas @entity1 with intermediate-grade and low-grade histologies remained at risk of relapse with longer follow-up. Of 22 @entity1 with @entity4812 (LCL) or immunoblastic (IBL) histologies, eight of eight with IBL remain in continued remission, while four of 14 with LCL relapsed 24-48 months after ABMT. We conclude that @entity1 with high-grade histologic subtypes of @entity1893 who are in complete remission 2 years after ABMT are likely to be cured. However, @entity1 with intermediate and low-grade histologic subtypes are at continued risk of relapse and require appropriate clinical surveillance for at least 48 months after ABMT.

title: Durability of remission after ABMT for XXXX : the importance of the 2-year evaluation point.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2858 ) is the causative agent of @entity791 and the subject of intense study. The immature @entity2858 particle is traditionally described as having a well ordered, icosahedral structure made up of uncleaved @entity5024 protein surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing envelope proteins. Expression of the @entity5024 protein in eukaryotic cells leads to the budding of membranous virus-like particles (VLPs). RESULTS: We have used cryo-electron microscopy of VLPs from insect cells and lightly fixed, immature @entity2858 particles from @entity1 lymphocytes to determine their organization. Both types of particle were heterogeneous in size, varying in diameter from 1200-2600 A. Larger particles appeared to be broken into semi-spherical sectors, each having a radius of curvature of approximately 750 A. No evidence of icosahedral symmetry was found, but local order was evidenced by small arrays of @entity5024 protein that formed facets within the curved sectors. A consistent 270 A radial density was seen, which included a 70 A wide low density feature corresponding to the @entity1473 -terminal portion of the membrane attached matrix protein and the @entity1472 -terminal portion of the capsid protein. CONCLUSIONS: Immature @entity2858 particles and VLPs both have a multi-sector structure characterized, not by an icosahedral organization, but by local order in which the structures of the matrix and capsid regions of @entity5024 change upon cleavage. We propose a model in which lateral interactions between @entity5024 protein molecules yields arrays that are organized into sectors for budding by RNA.

title: Cryo-electron microscopy reveals ordered domains in the immature XXXX particle.

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1', 'HIV-1']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1200 cause a deficit in the production of antibodies. The @entity102 is common and their clinic symptoms are diverse ( @entity55 , @entity4595 ). OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency and type of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity465 in treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 files of @entity1 with @entity465 were selected. Age, sex, @entity465 type, time of immunoglobulin treatment, chest X-ray finding, pulmonary computed tomography of high resolution ( @entity4653 ) and pulmonary function tests were registered. Measures of central tendency were calculated. RESULTS: There was no predominance of gender; the average age was 14 years old. The common variable @entity465 and the @entity12089 represented 91% of the @entity1 . The X-ray of thorax was abnormal in 33%, although there were not @entity4595 . The @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) was abnormal in 67%, and 75% had @entity4595 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity358 are common despite therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin. The @entity4653 is better than X-ray in these @entity1 .

title: [Neumopathies in @entity1 with primary XXXX in treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin].

entities_list: @entity12089 :: ('MESH:C537409', 'Disease') :: ["Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia"]

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities', 'pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency', 'immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['HRCT', 'high-resolution computed tomography scan']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiencies']


abstract: Nuclear thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (TR) play a critical role in mediating the effects of T3 on development, differentiation and normal physiology of many organs. The heart is a major target organ of T3, and recent studies in knockout @entity19 demonstrated distinct effects of the different TR isoforms on cardiac function, but the specific actions of TR isoforms and their specific localization in the heart remain unclear. We therefore studied the expression of @entity26019 , @entity26019 and TRbeta1 isoforms in the @entity19 heart at different stages of development, using monoclonal antibodies against @entity26019 , @entity26019 and TRbeta1. In order to identify distinct components of the embryonic heart, in situ hybridization for cardiac-specific markers was used with the expression pattern of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 -ATPase 2a as a marker of @entity296 , while the pattern of expression of @entity16898 was used to indicate the developing chamber myocardium and peripheral ventricular conduction system. Here we show that in the ventricles of the adult heart the TRbeta1 isoform is confined to the cells that form the peripheral ventricular conduction system. @entity26019 , on the other hand, is present in working myocardium as well as in the peripheral ventricular conduction system. In the atria and in the proximal conduction system (sinoatrial node, atrio-ventricular node), @entity26019 and TRbeta1 isoforms are co-expressed. We also found the heterogeneous expression of the @entity26019 , @entity26019 and TRbeta1 isoforms in the developing @entity19 heart, which, in the case of the TRbeta1 isoform, gradually revealed a dynamic expression pattern. It was present in all cardiomyocytes at the early stages of cardiogenesis, but from embryonic day 11.5 and into adulthood, TRbeta1 demonstrated a gradual confinement to the peripheral ventricular conduction system (PVCS), suggesting a specific role of this isoform in the formation of PVCS. Detailed knowledge of the distribution of @entity26019 and TRbeta1 in the heart is of importance for understanding not only their mechanism of action in the heart but also the design and (clinical) use of TR isoform-specific agonists and antagonists.

title: Expression pattern and ontogenesis of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial structures']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the range of findings at diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and central nervous system involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion-weighted MR images were reviewed in 20 @entity1 with @entity1252 and correlated with clinical symptoms and findings at computed tomography, conventional MR imaging, MR angiography, or conventional angiography. RESULTS: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed acute or subacute lesions in nine of 20 @entity1 (45%). In the other 11, it showed no abnormal findings or chronic lesions. In four of the nine @entity1 with lesions, diffusion-weighted imaging primarily showed @entity75 with decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which indicates acute or subacute @entity1188 . In four other @entity1 , it primarily showed iso- or slightly @entity75 with increased ADC, suggesting vasogenic @entity4 . In two of these four @entity1 , the findings were consistent with hypertensive @entity75 . In the other two, small hyperintense foci on diffusion-weighted images with decreased ADC were seen within the vasogenic @entity4 . These foci presumably represent microinfarcts associated with @entity1252 vasculopathy. In the ninth @entity1 , diffusion-weighted imaging showed a small linear hyperintense lesion with normal ADC in the left parietooccipital region. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted imaging shows primarily two patterns of acute or subacute @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity1252 : acute or subacute @entity2657 with or without microinfarcts.

title: Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging of CNS involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['infarction and vasogenic edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperintense lesions', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Between 1965 and 1988, 22 @entity1 underwent 24 operations for @entity299 . Two @entity1 had the @entity3291 . Mitral valve replacement was required at initial operation in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 died perioperatively, and 5 others died subsequently. The 16 surviving @entity1 recently underwent evaluation at a mean duration of 9 years after operation. Ten are asymptomatic and 6 have New York Heart Association class II symptoms. Nine @entity1 continue to be employed. Eleven are in sinus rhythm, 3 have permanent pacemakers, and 2 have chronic @entity943 . Echocardiography showed @entity338 in 3 @entity1 and reduced contractility in 4, but no new @entity5 recurrences. The long-term prognosis of this relatively large group of @entity1 with @entity299 has been good. @entity1 without the @entity3291 had no recurrence, whereas 2 @entity1 did require reoperation for mitral valve replacement. Long-term disability and chronic @entity943 have been infrequent, and functional status and employability of these @entity1 have been very good.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['complex myxoma syndrome']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxomas']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: White matter disruption is known to contribute to @entity149 after @entity21 ( @entity21 ). This study evaluated the relationship between white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging in the early stage and cognitions in the chronic stage. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 15 @entity1 with @entity21 within 7 days of injury and in 15 @entity1 in the control group. Fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity5221 ( @entity5221 ), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated within regions of interest, including the posterior limb of the internal capsule, uncinate fasciculus (UF), anterior corona radiate (ACR), superior @entity3057 ( @entity75 ), genu of the corpus callosum, body of the corpus callosum, and splenium of the corpus callosum and cingulum bundle (CB). The @entity1 with @entity21 and the @entity1 in the control group also underwent neuropsychological testing during the chronic stage after @entity21 . RESULTS: The region-of-interest analysis showed significantly reduced FA and @entity5221 values in all nine regions within 7 days of injury as well as increased @entity1893 values in the corpus callosum among @entity1 in the @entity21 group. The @entity1 demonstrated significantly poorer performance on the working memory tests and attention test. In @entity1 , working memory function was positively correlated with the @entity5221 value in the UF and with the FA value in the CB, UF, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . Working memory function was inversely correlated with the RD value in the CB, @entity3057 , and @entity75 and with the @entity1893 value in the @entity3057 and @entity75 . In addition, the attention function demonstrated a positive correlation with the RD value in the ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 and with the @entity1893 value in the ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . In addition, attention was inversely correlated with the FA values for the posterior limb of the internal capsule, ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the presence of white matter changes during the early stage of @entity21 may be helpful for predicting @entity73 over the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.

title: Detection of white matter lesions in the acute stage of @entity21 predicts long-term XXXX : a clinical diffusion tensor imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity5221 :: ('MESH:C537792', 'Disease') :: ['axial diffusivity', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['SLF', 'longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairments']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity410 are frequently observed after organ transplantations. This has been attributed to a direct effect of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) on the brain, although other mechanisms may also be of importance. The aim of this study was to investigate possible acute and direct effects of @entity870 on neuronal excitability. METHODS: Female @entity35 hippocampal slices were perfused with @entity870 solutions containing 400 (n = 4), 1,000 (n = 4), 2,000 (n = 6), 8,000 (n = 8) microg/L @entity870 or control (n = 8) for 30 min, or @entity114 , 2,000 IE/ml (n = 7). Actual concentrations of @entity870 were measured in the perfusate drawn from the slice chamber. To study @entity870 accumulation in the slices, uptake of radioactive @entity870 was measured in 12 living and 11 dead slices. RESULTS: Despite a significant accumulation of @entity870 in the living neuronal slices, no effects were observed on prevolley, field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP), or population spike amplitude. @entity114 , however, led to @entity302 within 10 min in all cases. Concentrations of @entity870 in the perfusate from the slice chamber were about half the calculated levels, demonstrating that the slices had been exposed to actual @entity870 concentrations in the range of approximately 200-4,000 microg/L @entity870 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a lack of acute effects of @entity870 on neuronal excitability within clinically relevant concentrations despite an active accumulation of the drug in the slices. Long-term effects on brain tissue, indirect metabolic effects, or synergistic effects may be responsible for the @entity2359 of the drug.

title: XXXX and brain excitability studied in vitro.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: Secreted proteins, referred to as the secretome, are known to regulate a variety of biological functions and are involved in a multitude of pathological processes. However, some secreted proteins from cell cultures are difficult to detect because of their intrinsic low abundance. They are frequently masked by proteins shed from lysed cells and the substantial amounts of serum proteins used in culture medium. We have proposed an analytical platform for sensitive detection of secreted proteins by utilizing a hollow fiber culture (HFC) system coupled with proteomic approaches. The HFC system enables culture of high-density cells in a small volume where secreted proteins can be accumulated. In addition, cell lysis rates can be greatly reduced, which alleviates the contamination from lysed cells. In this study, @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells were utilized to evaluate the efficiency of this system in the collection and analysis of the cell secretome. Cells were adapted to serum-free medium and inoculated into the HFC system. The cell lysis rate in the culture system was estimated to be 0.001-0.022%, as determined by probing four intracellular proteins in the @entity558 ( @entity558 ), while a cell lysis rate of 0.32-1.84% was observed in dish cultures. Proteins in the @entity558 were analyzed using @entity214 -PAGE and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). A total of 134 proteins were identified in 62 gel bands, of which 61% possess a signal peptide and/or a transmembrane domain. In addition, 37% of the identified secretome were classified as extracellular or membrane proteins, whereas 98% of the lysate proteins were identified as intracellular proteins. We suggest that the HFC system may be used to collect secreted proteins efficiently and facilitate comprehensive characterization of cell secretome.

title: Proteomics analysis of XXXX cell secretome using a hollow fiber culture system and mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of surgical treatment of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) by direct @entity254 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 17 @entity1 with IAA (type A in eight @entity1 , type B in nine) were operated upon. The mean age at arch repair was 1.0 month (range 0.2-7.7), mean weight was 3.7 kg (range 2.2-6.2). All arch repairs were done by direct @entity254 . This included a persistent @entity432 in one and a subclavian turnup in another case. The aortic reconstruction included reimplantation of a lusoric artery in three @entity1 , patch enlargement of the ascending aorta in three and of the complete arch in one @entity1 . The arch repair was done through a lateral thoracotomy in three @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 the aortic repair was part of a single-stage approach through a median sternotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity1167 . RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. One @entity1 (single-stage approach) died 2 days after operation due to @entity1576 caused by tracheobronchomalacy. One @entity1 (lateral approach) died suddenly 3 months after aortic repair and banding. Median follow up was 4.8 years (range 0.1-12.9). In five @entity1 restenosis of the aortic arch developed, all within 1.5 years after repair. This was not correlated with the type of interruption, weight at operation, age at operation or the surgical approach. The actuarial freedom from restenosis was 61% at 5 years with a 70% confidence limit (CL70%) of 46-75. All restenoses were balloon dilated, but two needed redo surgery, which was done by the median approach. In three @entity1 @entity4809 developed. This was not correlated with the type of interruption, weight at operation, age at operation or the surgical approach. The actuarial freedom from @entity475 was 68% at 5 years (CL70% = 54-83). These stenoses were treated by enucleation, followed in one @entity1 by a pulmonary autograft procedure for recurrent root stenosis after another year. At the end of follow up all @entity1 were thriving well, lacked symptoms, were normotensive and had normal femoral artery pulsations. CONCLUSIONS: IAA can be treated well with primary @entity254 . Possible restenosis of the aortic arch can adequately be treated by percutaneous @entity384 or redo surgery if necessary. Arch repair by median single-stage approach has our preference.

title: Repair of aortic arch interruption by direct XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4809 :: ('MESH:D021922', 'Disease') :: ['discrete subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory problems']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) is not uncommon among @entity1820 , but there are few reports describing the cytologic findings. We report a case of @entity674 with skeinoid fibers in scrape cytology preparation. The @entity1 was a 53-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 in the small intestine. Scrape preparations from the cut surface of the resected @entity5 revealed cellular material composed of spindle cells showing loose clusters or single cells. The nuclei were spindled, elongated or cigar-shaped, and relatively uniform. The cytoplasm was fragile and demonstrated a finely fibrillar material. Dense hyaline materials with irregular outline were observed within the loose clusters composed of the @entity5 cells. The hyaline materials were also observed in the background. Histologic preparation showed spindle cells arranged in a fascicular or storiform pattern. Most eosinophilic globules were distributed between the @entity5 cells. The globules were positive in periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and were stained blue with Masson's trichrome stain. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were strongly and diffusely positive for @entity2467 , focally and weakly positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and negative for @entity2280 and @entity2281 protein. We emphasize that skeinoid fibers are characteristic of @entity674 arising in the small intestine, and their presence predicts a good prognosis, even in malignant @entity674 .

title: XXXX with skeinoid fibers of the ileum.

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal nonepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']