abstract: PURPOSE: To understand the role of extended family in responding to problems of @entity3224 -orphaned @entity1 and adolescents in Uganda, the study examines who are the primary caregivers of @entity791 -orphaned @entity1 and adolescents, what are the types of caregiving provided to orphans and whether the quality of caregiving varies by the primary caregiver's gender and type. METHODS: The study uses bivariate analyses and mixed effects models utilizing baseline data from a cluster randomized experimental design including 283 orphaned adolescents in Uganda. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a generally dominating role of female caregivers for both single and double orphans. In the absence of biological parents - as in the case of double orphans - grandparents' role as caregivers prevail. On average, the study @entity1 indicated receiving the high level of perceived caregiver support: the average score of 3.56 out of 4 (95% CI=3.5, 3.65). Results of mixed effect models (adjusting for school effects) revealed significant differences in perceived caregiver support by caregiver's gender. Compared to their male counterparts, female @entity1 with whom the @entity1 /adolescent lives (B=0.22, 95% CI=0.11, 0.34) and @entity1 who are currently taking care of a @entity1 /adolescent (B=0.15, 95% CI=0.05, 0.26) provide greater caregiver support as perceived and reported by a @entity1 /adolescent. Similarly, female financiers - compared to male source of financial support - provide greater caregiver support as perceived and reported by a @entity1 /adolescent (B=0.16, 95% CI=0.04, 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that extended families are still holding up as an important source of care and support for @entity791 orphaned @entity1 and adolescents in Uganda. The findings support the argument about importance of matrilineal and grandparental care for @entity791 orphans.

title: Extended families and perceived caregiver support to XXXX orphans in Rakai district of Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'child']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: @entity689 inhibitors are the mainstay of anti- @entity683 treatment. @entity684 is the most widely used drug but is currently available only as an oral formulation. Resistance spreads rapidly in seasonal H1N1 @entity683 A viruses, which were universally resistant in 2008, because of the @entity15998 mutation in the @entity689 ( @entity689 ) gene. @entity684 is a prodrug for the active @entity3338 metabolite. Ex vivo conversion in blood samples may have confounded early pharmacokinetic studies. @entity684 shows dose linear kinetics, and @entity26591 has an elimination half-life (t(1/2) b) after oral administration in healthy individuals of approximately 7.7 hours. @entity26591 is eliminated primarily by tubular secretion, and both clearance and tissue distribution are reduced by probenecid. The @entity15998 mutation in @entity689 confers high-level @entity684 resistance and intermediate peramivir resistance but does not alter @entity685 susceptibility. @entity685 is available as a powder for inhalation, and a parenteral form is under development. @entity685 distributes in an apparent volume of distribution approximating that of extracellular water and is rapidly eliminated (t(1/2) b of approximately 3.0 hours). @entity23217 is slowly eliminated (t(1/2) b of 7.7-20.8 hours) and is prescribed as either a once-daily injection or as a single infusion. @entity24677 is a recently developed slowly eliminated compound for administration by inhalation.

title: Pharmacokinetic properties of anti- @entity683 XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['Neuraminidase', 'NA', 'neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity26591 :: ('MESH:C535162', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir carboxylate', 'Oseltamivir carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['Zanamivir', 'zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity24677 :: ('MESH:C546918', 'Chemical') :: ['Laninamivir']

entities_list: @entity23217 :: ('MESH:C414210', 'Chemical') :: ['Peramivir']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity689 :: (4758,Gene) :: ['neuraminidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Better therapeutic approaches for @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) resulted in high cure rates, at cost of serious late side effects. Second primary @entity5 are a major concern for long-term survivors, and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is the most common solid @entity5 among @entity1 treated for @entity978 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 with previous history of @entity706 were identified in our institution, 35 with @entity978 (66%), 18 (34%) with @entity1893 . A comparison group was randomly selected from our database matching for each @entity1 with @entity706 , two @entity1 with primary @entity0 (rate 1 : 2) for age, stage (pathological @entity5 size [pT] status and nodal status), year of diagnosis, and @entity172 and @entity1420 status (positive versus negative). The primary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The two groups of @entity1 were compared for biological features: histopathological diagnosis, grading, lymphatic invasion, @entity1722 overexpression, and Ki-67. Considering these variables, no significant differences were observed between the two groups with the exception of Ki-67, which was found higher in those with previous @entity978 or @entity1893 (65% versus 49%, respectively, P = 0.0526, borderline significant). Comparing the two groups for treatment approach, no differences were found for surgical and medical therapy (endocrine therapy and chemotherapy). However, regarding @entity1 with node-positive disease (14 versus 35 @entity1 ), five @entity1 in the @entity706 group (36%), compared with 24 (69%) in the matched group received @entity4349 -based therapy (P = 0.0345). As expected, radiotherapy was used very differently in the two groups, with 36% of @entity1 in the study group undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons versus 10% in the control group (P = 0.0001). Five-year DFS was 54.5% for the study cohort compared with 91% for controls (P < 0.0001). Five-year OS percentages were also statistically different (86.6% and 98.6%, respectively, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Previous history of @entity706 is a negative prognostic factor for @entity1 diagnosed subsequently with @entity0 . Some undertreatment of @entity1 with the latter might be hypothesised as the reason for the worse outcome. Influence of other variables, like previous exposure to cytotoxics, or some unknown biological features related to the previous disease and treatment, should still be investigated in the attempt to improve the dire outcome of these @entity1 .

title: @entity0 in @entity978 and XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'previous lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Our aim was to evaluate the response of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with yttrium-90 @entity7182 ((90)Y-S) treatment of @entity603 in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to derive factors that influence this response. The @entity1161 treatment response was assessed prospectively in 74 painful @entity571 knees of 74 @entity1 during a period of 6 months follow up. The duration of the disease was 24 +/- 9 months. Forty-four of the 74 knees had @entity158 during the night and 43/74 had abnormal flexibility. Knee joints were graded according to the Steinbrocker radiological system. @entity1161 was performed according to the European Association of Nuclear Medicine guidelines. @entity1161 response was assessed considering the @entity158 improvement from baseline values in terms of a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS), the improvement of knee flexibility and the @entity158 remission during the night. @entity1161 response was classified as poor (VAS<25), fair (VAS>or=25-50), good (VAS >or=50-75) and excellent (VAS>or=75), with excellent and good results considered as success, while fair and poor as failure. Our results show that 6 months after @entity1161 treatment, the percentage of VAS from baseline values was 66.0% +/- 24.8% and found to be significantly related to @entity1 ' age (P=0.01), duration of the disease (P=0.04) and to radiographic grading of @entity571 (P=0.001). Knees without or with mineral type @entity571 radiographic changes (Steinbrocker's grades 0-I) responded better than those with more advanced changes (Steinbrocker's grade III-IV) in terms of VAS improvement (77.9% versus 53.8%) (P < 0.001). The overall success rate (VAS >or= 50) was 83.8%. Remission of @entity158 during the night was achieved in 88.6% and knee flexibility was improved in 65.1%. @entity1161 side effects assessed for the whole follow-up period were minor and not significant. In conclusion, @entity1161 with a single injection of (90)Y-S in @entity1 with knee @entity571 seems to have a significant therapeutic effect after a six months follow-up period with no significant side effects. Six months after @entity1161 treatment, clinical improvement was inversely related to @entity16 , @entity1 " age and duration of the disease. @entity1161 also induced remission of @entity158 during the night.

title: Yttrium-90 silicate radiosynovectomy treatment of @entity158 in XXXX . Results after 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation synovectomy', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee damage']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are critical for hepatic wound repair and tissue remodeling. They also produce cytokines and chemokines that may contribute to the maintenance of hepatic immune homeostasis and the inherent tolerogenicity of the liver. The functional relationship between HSCs and the professional migratory APCs in the liver, that is, dendritic cells (DCs), has not been evaluated. In this article, we report that @entity19 liver DCs colocalize with HSCs in vivo under normal, steady-state conditions, and cluster with HSCs in vitro. In vitro, HSCs secrete high levels of DC chemoattractants, such as M  @entity29605 and @entity8929 , as well as cytokines that modulate DC activation, including @entity637 , @entity777 , and @entity635 . Culture of HSCs with conventional liver myeloid (m) DCs resulted in increased @entity777 and @entity1618 secretion compared with that of either cell population alone. Coculture also resulted in enhanced expression of costimulatory ( @entity8271 , @entity11787 ) and coinhibitory (B7-H1) molecules on mDCs. HSC-induced mDC maturation required cell-cell contact and could be blocked, in part, by neutralizing M  @entity29605 or @entity8929 . HSC-induced mDC maturation was dependent on activation of @entity10433 in mDCs and, in part, on HSC-secreted @entity777 . Despite upregulation of costimulatory molecules, mDCs conditioned by HSCs demonstrated impaired ability to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation, which was independent of B7-H1, but dependent upon HSC-induced @entity10433 activation and subsequent upregulation of @entity22663 . In conclusion, by promoting @entity22663 expression, HSCs may act as potent regulators of liver mDCs and function to maintain hepatic homeostasis and tolerogenicity.

title: Hepatic stellate cells undermine the allostimulatory function of liver myeloid dendritic cells via XXXX -dependent induction of @entity22663 .

answer: @entity10433 :: (20848(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 methods of clinical assessment of @entity1087 in newborns by home health nurses. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Homes of newborns living within 10 miles of a 340-bed community hospital where they were delivered. @entity1 : Home health nurses and newborn @entity1 (< or =2 weeks old). INTERVENTIONS: The nurses examined the newborns and documented whether they detected @entity1087 . In newborns thought to have @entity1087 , the nurses estimated @entity648 levels, documented the extent of caudal progression of the @entity1087 , and determined the Ingram (Cascade Health Care Products, Salem, Ore) icterometer readings from the newborns' noses. Total serum @entity648 tests were obtained from all newborns studied. OUTCOME MEASURES: Nurse assessment of the presence of @entity1087 and its caudal progression, nurse estimates of @entity648 levels, icterometer readings, and @entity648 levels. RESULTS: The nurses determined that 82 (50%) of the 164 newborns had @entity1087 . Their estimates of @entity648 levels were most highly correlated with serum @entity648 levels (Pearson correlation, 0.61). All 3 newborns with @entity648 levels greater than or equal to 291 micromol/L (> or =17 mg/dL) were recognized by the nurses as having @entity1087 . These newborns had icterometer readings greater than or equal to 3.5 and had estimated @entity648 levels of greater than or equal to 274 micromol/L (> or =16 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: The method of evaluation that each nurse was accustomed to using was the most accurate in determining the severity of @entity4837 . These results suggest that postpartum home health nurses can effectively evaluate newborns for the presence and severity of @entity1087 .

title: Home health nurse clinical assessment of neonatal XXXX : comparison of 3 methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['newborn jaundice']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: A case of @entity583 due to the lesion in the left main coronary artery was reported. A 50-year male was referred to our department for suspected @entity583 . Physical examination on admission revealed slight cyanosis with cold sweating due to severe @entity662 . Pulse was irregular and heart rate was 78 beats/min. Blood pressure was 100/80 mmHg. A series of electrocardiograms (ECG) and laboratory data provided the diagnosis of wide-ranged anterolateral @entity1188 in the left ventricle. Emergency coronary angiograms taken without delay showed a @entity432 (99% @entity850 ) of the left main coronary trunk (LMT) before the initiation of intracoronary thrombolysis (PTCR). Following the intracoronary infusion of urokinase of 1,200,000 units, symptoms and ECG changes transiently improved but worsened later, and LMT stenotic lesion and delayed filling of myocardium were similar with before PTCR. Emergency coronary-aorto bypass graft (CABG) was undertaken without a significant delay to both the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). With these treatments, the @entity1 could survive despite the wide area of @entity1188 due to @entity301 . Coronary angiograms performed 37 days after the CABG showed that the graft to LAD was completely occluded and the LCX graft was patent with partial @entity850 . Treadmill test at this time induced an @entity2749 with @entity63 ECG changes on moderate exercise, indicating the presence of significant area of @entity63 myocardium. For salvage of the @entity63 myocardium, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was successfully performed for the @entity3979 , resulting in no episode of @entity951 nor @entity63 ECG changes during exercise loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX due to the left main trunk lesion, in which percutaneous coronary recanalization and emergency coronary-aorto bypass graft, and subsequent percutaneous coronary angioplasty were effective not only from a viewpoint of survival but from comeback to social life].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['anginal episode']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['LMT lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['LMT stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: After resection for @entity30 anastomotic recurrence is common, and many @entity1 require further surgery. This study reviews our overall experience of surgery for ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence of @entity30 so we can propose a strategy for management. A series of 109 @entity1 who underwent surgery for anastomotic recurrence after ileocecal or ileocolonic resection for @entity30 between 1984 and 1997 were reviewed. Ileocolonic recurrence was treated by strictureplasty in 39 @entity1 and resection in 70 (with sutured end-to-end @entity254 , 48; stapled side-to-side @entity254 , 22). Stapled @entity254 has been frequently used between 1995 and 1997. Short recurrence was mainly treated by strictureplasty, and long or perforating disease was resected. Coexisting @entity29 was more common in the @entity1 having strictureplasty. @entity532 (leak/ @entity292 /abscess) related to the ileocolonic procedure occurred in 1 of 39 @entity1 (3%) after strictureplasty, in 6 of 48 (13%) after resection with sutured @entity254 , and in none of 22 after resection with stapled @entity254 . The median duration of follow-up was 90 months after strictureplasty, 105 months after resection with sutured @entity254 , and 22 months after resection with stapled @entity254 . Altogether 18 of 39 @entity1 (46%) after strictureplasty, 22 of 48 (46%) after resection with sutured @entity254 , and none of 22 after resection with stapled @entity254 required further surgery for suture line recurrence. In conclusion, strictureplasty is useful for short ileocolonic recurrence in @entity1 with @entity29 or previous extensive resection. Stapled side-to-side @entity254 was associated with a low incidence of complications, and early recurrence was not observed, although the duration of follow-up was short.

title: Strategy for surgical management of ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Septic complications']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal small bowel disease', 'small bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["ileocecal or ileocolonic Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The activity of @entity460 -stimulated ATPase (E.C. 3.6.1.3) in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ of @entity35 incisors was studied biochemically. @entity855 hydrolysis was estimated from the amount of inorganic @entity1391 liberated. An analysis of the total degradation of @entity855 was initially performed to ensure that the enzyme assays pertained to the original substrate, @entity855 , and were not influenced by reaction products formed. Standard incubations were run in tris-maleate buffer, pH 8.2, with 3 mM @entity855 , 3 mM @entity141 and 0.5 mM R 8231 at 37 degrees C. The presence of R 8231 was necessary to inhibit nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The @entity460 -stimulated ATPase was completely inhibited when heated at 55-60 degrees C for 5 min. The pH optimum was found to be 8.2. The hydrolysis was substantially dependent on @entity141 and was fastest when the @entity855 : @entity141 ratio was 1:1. High substrate concentrations inhibited the hydrolysis. The addition of 1 mM @entity8862 and @entity3411 to the incubation medium markedly inhibited the hydrolysis as did, though less strongly, @entity14395 , @entity4626 , @entity1098 and @entity3739 red. @entity462 , @entity6514 , @entity13638 and @entity4627 were without effect. F- was without effect unless added to a final concentration above 15 mM to media where @entity141 had first been allowed to react with @entity855 .

title: @entity460 -stimulated ATPase activity in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14395 :: ('MESH:C030601', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxymercuribenzoate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports of successful treatment of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) have thus far been limited to adults. Considering that the condition typically develops during childhood and is most active during this period, @entity2098 would represent a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for paediatric @entity483 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity2098 in the treatment of severe childhood @entity483 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all @entity1 treated with @entity2098 as systemic monotherapy for severe, recalcitrant @entity483 between August 2003 and August 2006 at New York University Medical Center. Fourteen @entity1 meeting these criteria were identified. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (29%) achieved complete clearance, four (29%) had > 90% improvement (almost complete), five (35%) had 60-90% improvement and one (7%) failed to respond. Initial responses occurred within 8 weeks (mean 4 weeks), and maximal effects were attained after 8-12 weeks (mean 9 weeks) at @entity2098 doses of 40-50 mg kg(-1) daily in younger @entity1 and 30-40 mg kg(-1) daily in adolescents. The medication was well tolerated in all @entity1 , with no infectious complications or development of @entity1210 , @entity417 , @entity882 or elevated aminotransferases. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective case series demonstrates that @entity2098 can be a safe and effective treatment for severe, refractory @entity483 in @entity1 . @entity2098 represents a promising therapeutic alternative to traditional systemic immunosuppressive agents with less favourable side-effect profiles, and prospective controlled studies are warranted, further to assess its benefits in paediatric @entity483 .

title: Mycophenolate mofetil for severe XXXX : experience in 14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['childhood atopic dermatitis']


abstract: AIM: To document the @entity66 caused by an outbreak of rotavirus (RV) @entity1902 in a remote Aboriginal community. METHODS: During an outbreak of RV @entity1902 , data were collected from @entity1 notes, hospital and laboratory data. Age, date of presentation, severity of illness, number of total presentations, presentations per @entity1 , total clinic hours per presentation, stool analysis, treatment and outcomes were measured. These data were compared with a time period of equal duration in order to establish a baseline burden of @entity1902 . RESULTS: In a remote Aboriginal community 26 @entity1 were managed for acute @entity294 between 19 September 2005 and 5 October 2005. @entity1902 was the diagnosis in 24 cases for which there were 55 presentations. Stool specimens were analysed in 14 (58%) cases. RV was identified in eight (57%) of these specimens. The majority (80%) had mild disease. Moderate disease was noted in 15% and 5% were follow-up reviews. There were no severe cases of @entity1902 . Four @entity1 required evacuation to hospital. From a total of 607 presentations to the clinic during this time period, 55 (9%) were managed for acute @entity294 . In the comparative time period there were five (0.9%) cases of acute @entity294 from a total of 571 presentations. CONCLUSION: @entity1902 places a large burden on remote Aboriginal communities and health-care centres in the form of morbidity, overworked clinic staff, economic cost and reduced capacity for primary health-care duties.

title: Rotavirus outbreak in a remote Aboriginal community: the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['Rotavirus gastroenteritis', 'gastroenteritis', 'Gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['burden of disease']


abstract: A @entity1 with @entity3052 secondary to therapy of @entity1466 underwent T cell non-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor in first untreated relapse. Persistent/relapsed @entity1778 4 months after transplantation did not respond to cessation of @entity205 . Due to logistic difficulties in obtaining donor leukocytes, she was treated with @entity1199 and @entity4020 . Although the interleukin could be administered for a short period only, the interferon was continued for 4 months. Interferon was stopped when limited chronic graft-versus-host disease developed, but was followed by extramedullary and early marrow relapse. Reinstitution of interferon resulted in the development of @entity2631 -like extensive @entity102 and remission. Interferon was given for 5 months. GVHD improved slowly with treatment, but @entity2631 -like changes still persist. The @entity1 is alive with no evidence of disease and a Karnofsky score of 90% 41 months after relapse and 26 months after stopping @entity205 . We conclude that cytokines alone may occasionally result in a durable response of @entity3052 relapsing after allografting, and should be considered in @entity1 with a @entity5 burden if it is difficult to obtain donor cells.

title: Sensitivity of secondary XXXX relapsing after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to immunotherapy with @entity4020 .

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha 2b']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low tumor']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: An organism's ability to respond to changes in @entity26 tension depends in large part on alterations in gene expression. The @entity26 sensing and signaling mechanisms in eukaryotic cells are not fully understood. To further define these processes, we have studied the Delta9 @entity844 desaturase gene @entity44272 in @entity375 . We have confirmed previous data showing that the expression of @entity44272 mRNA is increased in @entity519 and in the presence of certain transition metals. @entity44272 expression was also increased in the presence of the @entity68 chelator @entity7437 . A 142-base pair (bp) region 3' to the previously identified @entity844 response element was identified as critical for the induction of @entity44272 in response to these stimuli using @entity44272 promoter-lacZ reporter constructs. Electromobility shift assays confirmed the presence of an inducible band shift in response to @entity519 and @entity1953 . Mutational analysis defined the nonameric sequence ACTCAACAA as necessary for transactivation. A 20-base pair oligonucleotide containing this nonamer confers up-regulation by @entity519 and inhibition by @entity1474 when placed upstream of a heterologous promoter in a lacZ reporter construct. Additional @entity375 genes were identified which respond to @entity519 and @entity1953 in a manner similar to @entity44272 . A number of @entity1 genes are also up-regulated by @entity519 , @entity1953 , @entity3406 , and @entity68 chelators. Hence, the identification of a family of @entity375 genes regulated in a similar manner has implications for understanding @entity26 sensing and signaling in eukaryotes.

title: Identification and characterization of a low @entity26 response element involved in the XXXX induction of a family of @entity375 genes. Implications for the conservation of @entity26 sensing in eukaryotes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7437 :: ('MESH:C025205', 'Chemical') :: ['1,10-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: @entity18840 and @entity41416 promoter alleles are highly correlated with @entity3505 growth in acidic soil with a high concentration of toxic @entity5715 . The @entity5715 ( @entity18839 ) resistance of 338 @entity3505 genotypes with different geographic origins was correlated with morphological traits and @entity18840 and @entity41416 alleles. Both of these genes encode malate and @entity3736 transporters associated with @entity18839 resistance mechanisms in @entity3505 . Based on comparisons with the sensitive and resistant controls, the relative root growth was evaluated in hydroponic experiments and the plant performance was visually accessed in the field. The correlation between @entity18839 tolerance in the hydroponic and field tests was moderate (r  =  0.56, P  <  0.001). Higher selection pressure was observed in the field because a smaller number of genotypes was classified as resistant. The combination between the six @entity18840 alleles and the two @entity41416 promoters allowed the identification of 11 haplotypes that showed a high (r  =  0.71, P  <  0.001) correlation with @entity18839 resistance in the field, with the @entity18840 alleles accounting for most of the correlation. The Brazilian @entity3505 genotypes presented the best performance in soil, including eight cultivars with promoters usually associated with @entity18839 resistance and another six genotypes classified as moderately resistant but containing alleles usually associated with @entity18839 sensitivity. Although an increase in favourable alleles was observed over the past few decades, the average @entity18839 resistance in the field was not significantly different from that of older cultivars. The ease identification of the @entity18840 and @entity41416 alleles and their higher association with @entity18839 resistance along with the best genotypes identified here may be used for @entity3505 -breeding programmes interested in increasing @entity3505 @entity18839 resistance.

title: Alleles of organic acid transporter genes are highly correlated with XXXX resistance to acidic soil in field conditions.

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Epigenetic changes are of crucial importance in the etiopathogenesis of @entity409 . Among these, there is limited agreement on the definitions and treatment of @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) and @entity775 ( @entity775 ) overlap syndromes, we evaluated a large series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity2835 (n = 565) and @entity775 (n = 196) to identify a group of @entity1 with @entity1575 . Within this series, a total of 490 @entity1 were biopsied based upon staging or diagnostic needs. Review of the biopsies in conjunction with the International @entity775 Group criteria identified 80 @entity1 with suspected @entity3928 and 52 @entity1 agreed to participate in the study and were prospectively treated with @entity288 . Of these, 40/52 (77%) achieved a complete biochemical response (i.e. normal ALT, AST, and IgG) within 12 months of treatment. A survey of pre-treatment characteristics of the 40 responders revealed more severe interface @entity99 . Serum IgG levels >= 1.3x the upper limit of normal had 60% sensitivity and 97% specificity rates for @entity134 -responsiveness while the use of a higher threshold (>= 2.0x) reduced sensitivity to 10%. When the Paris criteria for @entity2835 - @entity775 were applied to the steroid-responsive @entity1 , 29/40 (73%) cases fulfilled at least two of the three Paris criteria. Applying the recently designed simplified IAIHG scoring system, 35/40 (88%) had a "definite" diagnosis of @entity775 . This study supports the hypothesis that a complete response to corticosteroids may denote a variant of a @entity1575 which could be identified prior to treatment by modified Paris criteria in concert with the simplified IAIHG scoring system.

title: Epigenetic considerations and the clinical reevaluation of the @entity3928 between @entity2835 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['corticosteroid-responsive PBC-AIH overlap syndrome', 'PBC-AIH overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: The @entity16409 ( @entity16409 ) is a functional component of the @entity9597 , yet cells lacking @entity16409 are able to respond to @entity3646 . This has led to the suggestion that a surrogate gamma'-chain, which can interact with the @entity9597 chain to mediate signaling, is expressed on cells lacking @entity16409 . An alternative possibility is that in the absence of @entity16409 , the @entity9597 chain is able to transduce signals by homodimerization. To test this latter possibility, a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of @entity2467 (the stem cell factor ( @entity6826 ) receptor) and the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the @entity9597 chain was generated. Treatment of cells expressing the chimeric receptor kit/ @entity9597 with @entity6826 induces activation of the @entity9597 -associated kinase @entity19904 and the transcription factor @entity8850 . However, @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity7803 , which associates with @entity16409 , is not induced by @entity6826 in these cells. @entity6826 -mediated ligation of kit/ @entity9597 is sufficient to elicit @entity3646 -specific gene expression, including up-regulation of @entity7527 and synthesis of germ-line epsilon transcripts. In the T cell line CTLL2, ligation of kit/ @entity9597 induces cellular proliferation. Finally, in @entity19904 -deficient HeLa cells, @entity8850 activation by @entity3646 is completely abolished. Together, these data demonstrate that the @entity9597 cytoplasmic domain is sufficient to activate @entity19904 and @entity8850 and to induce expression of @entity3646 target genes, thus identifying a mechanism by which @entity3646 signaling can proceed in the absence of @entity7803 and @entity16409 .

title: The @entity3646 receptor alpha-chain cytoplasmic domain is sufficient for activation of @entity19904 and @entity8850 and the induction of XXXX -specific gene expression.

entities_list: @entity16409 :: ('3561', 'Gene') :: ['common gamma-chain', 'gamma(c)']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2281 gene family, which comprises over 20 members, including @entity2281 , @entity13063 , @entity2757 , @entity7966 , profilaggrin, and @entity36473 encodes low molecular weight @entity460 -binding proteins with physiological and pathological roles in keratinization. Recent studies have suggested a link between @entity2281 proteins and @entity1 @entity5 progression. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression levels of @entity36473 , @entity2757 , and @entity7966 and evaluate their roles in the progression of @entity513 ( @entity513 ). METHODS: Seventy cases of @entity513 in situ (DCIS), @entity513 , and @entity189 in lymph nodes (MCN) were included. Tissue microarrays were constructed from lesions of DCIS, @entity513 , and MCN from the same @entity1 . Expression of @entity36473 , @entity2757 , and @entity7966 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of @entity36473 was associated with the @entity172 receptor-negative (p=0.003) and the @entity1 @entity1722 -positive (p=0.002) groups. The expression of @entity2757 was associated with a higher pT stage (p=0.017). A significant (p<0.001) correlation between the expression of @entity7966 and @entity2757 was also found. The mean percentages of @entity36473 -positive @entity5 cells in DCIS, @entity513 , and MCN were 1.0%  3.3% (mean  standard deviation), 12.0%  24.0%, and 75.3%   27.6%, respectively. The expression of @entity36473 significantly (p<0.001) increased with the progression of @entity189 . The mean levels of @entity2757 and @entity7966 in DCIS, @entity513 , and MCN were not significantly (p>0.050) different. The expression of @entity36473 increased in a stepwise manner (DCIS< @entity513 <MCN). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity36473 is involved in @entity0 progression and malignant transformation from preinvasive lesions.

title: @entity36473 Is Involved in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Progression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EuroSCORE associates coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with higher perioperative risk in the first 3 months after a @entity583 ( @entity12463 ). The optimal scheduling of CABG surgery after @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) is unknown. We investigated the preoperative predictors of adverse outcomes in @entity1 undergoing CABG with prior @entity12463 or @entity1459 and investigated the importance of time interval between the @entity299 and CABG. METHODS: The Hospital Episode Statistics database (April 2006-March 2010) was analysed for elective admissions for CABG. Independent preoperative @entity1 factors influencing length of stay, readmission rates, and mortality, were identified by logistic regression and presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: A total of 10 418 @entity1 with prior @entity12463 (mortality 1.8%) and 5241 @entity1 with prior @entity1459 (mortality 2.2%) were included in the respective cohorts. Multiple risk factors were identified in each population including @entity409 and @entity177 . The time interval from @entity299 ( @entity12463 or @entity1459 ) to elective CABG surgery did not influence perioperative outcomes when analysed as a continuous measure or using the arbitrary 3-month threshold [ @entity12463 , OR 1.1 (0.78-1.57) and @entity1459 , OR 0.65 (0.39-1.09)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our hypothesis generating data suggest that the increased risk currently allocated in the EuroSCORE for an interval of 3 months between @entity12463 and CABG should be critically re-evaluated. Furthermore, prior @entity12463 should not be discounted as a risk factor if it is more than 3 months old.

title: Preoperative risk factors in 10 418 @entity1 with prior @entity583 and 5241 @entity1 with prior XXXX undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To find the variability in @entity1 's appearance at three moments of their life cycle and its relationship with practices aiming at @entity353 , analysing the efficacy of this behaviour. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity1 from the Community of Madrid who formed part of an investigation by the Unit of Anthropology of the Department of Biology of the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) into perception of image and associated behaviour as a function of age, body mass index, and social and economic conditions. @entity1 : 535 @entity1 in three age groups: 200 adolescents belonging to two secondary schools in Madrid; 202 university students from the Biology Faculty of the UAM, and 135 @entity1 aged between 45 and 65 and living in the Madrid area of Alcobendas, who were taking part in a @entity1 's health programme run by the Alcobendas town council. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information was collected on body measurements, self-perception and image assessment, with perception indicators and body form indicators contrasted. RESULTS: There were a great many attempts to lose weight by adolescents and @entity1 over 45, with the starting age for such practices much earlier in the adolescents' and students' groups. It was particularly striking that 44% of the adolescents within the thin category had tried to lose weight. Among the students and @entity1 over 45 this percentage rose in consonance with their overweight. The older @entity1 were more effective at losing weight, but it was very difficult for them to maintain this loss. The speed of @entity353 was higher in @entity1 with higher body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Physical appearance varies between young @entity1 and @entity1 over 45, in that the former are taller, thinner and with a straighter figure. Despite this, young @entity1 develop behaviour designed to lose weight much more often than older @entity1 , with an earlier starting age and more rapidly, which can have serious health consequences.

title: [Effectiveness, strategies and successes in XXXX in function of anthropometric parameters].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated patterns of failure in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) according to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) timing: pre-operative versus post-operative. Also, patterns of failure, particularly @entity3 ( @entity3 ), were analyzed according to @entity5 location within the rectum. METHODS: In total, 872 @entity1 with LARC who had undergone concurrent CRT and radical surgery between 2001 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Concurrent CRT was administered pre-operatively (cT3-4) or post-operatively (pT3-4 or pN+) in 550 (63.1%) and 322 (36.9%) @entity1 , respectively. Median follow-up period was 86 (range, 12-133) months for 673 living @entity1 . Local recurrence (LR) was defined as any disease recurrence within the pelvis, and any failure outside the pelvis was classified as a @entity3 . Only the first site of recurrence was scored. RESULTS: In total, 226 (25.9%) @entity1 developed disease recurrence. In the pre-operative CRT group, the incidences of isolated LR, combined LR and @entity3 , and isolated @entity3 were 17, 21, and 89 @entity1 , respectively. In the post-operative CRT group, these incidences were 8, 15, and 76 @entity1 , respectively. LR within 2 years constituted 44.7% and 60.9% of all LRs in the pre-operative and post-operative CRT groups, respectively. Late (> 5 years) LR comprised 13.2% and 4.3% of all LRs in the pre-operative and post-operative CRT groups, respectively. The lung was the most common @entity3 site (108/249, 43.4%). Lung or para-aortic lymph node @entity3 developed more commonly from low-to-mid @entity5 while liver @entity3 developed more commonly from upper @entity5 . Lung @entity3 occurred later than liver @entity3 (n   =   54; 22.6        15.6 vs. 17.4        12.1 months; P   =   0.035). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that LARC @entity1 receiving pre-operative CRT tended to develop late LR more often than those receiving post-operative CRT. Further extended follow-up than is conventional may be necessary in LARC @entity1 who are managed with optimized multimodal treatments, and the follow-up strategy may need to be individualized according to @entity5 location within the rectum.

title: Patterns of failure in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX receiving pre-operative or post-operative chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity662 and no obstructive @entity453 often have @entity301 ( @entity301 ), diagnosed by invasive coronary reactivity testing (CRT). The relationship between @entity301 and diastolic function measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is not well described. METHODS: 41 @entity1 with suspected @entity301 underwent CRT and CMR. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), coronary flow reserve (CFR) and coronary blood flow (CBF) were measured invasively. Resting CMR of these @entity1 and 20 reference controls was assessed for LV mass, septal wall thickness, ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), peak filling rate (PFR) and time-to-peak-filling rate (tPFR). Pearson correlations and linear regression models were made. RESULTS: Mean age was 55  9, all had LVEF>= 50%, and 16/41 (40%) had LVEDP>15mmHg. @entity301 (CFR<2.5 or CBF<50%) was present in 34/41 (83%) @entity1 . tPFR (mean 178  110ms) and PFR (mean 3.2  0.64 EDV/s) were not significantly different in @entity1 with or without @entity301 . tPFR increased with age (r=0.37, p=0.017) and septal wall thickness (r=0.47, p=0.002), while PFR decreased with age (r=-0.45, p=0.003). There was an inverse relationship between CFR and tPFR (r=-0.3, p=0.058). Increasing mass was associated with decreasing CBF (p=0.02). Compared to controls, cases had lower LVEF (p=0.049) and lower EDV (p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with signs and symptoms of @entity63 but no obstructive @entity453 , @entity301 and elevated LVEDP are prevalent. While non-endothelial dependent @entity301 may be related to @entity67 , further investigation is needed regarding links between @entity301 , @entity67 and the development of @entity712 with preserved LVEF.

title: @entity67 measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with signs and symptoms of XXXX but no obstructive @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CMD', 'coronary microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: This study was designed to explore the impact of a managed care system on the morbidity and mortality rates in a @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) cohort in Puerto Rico. The clinical manifestations and outcome measures of public @entity1252 @entity1 , before and after implementation of the managed care system, were compared with those of @entity1252 @entity1 treated in a private fee-for-service system. Of the cohort of 171 @entity1 , 103 (60%) were treated in the public system and 68 (40%) in the private sector. Except for higher prevalence of @entity811 , @entity177 , and @entity11534 in the public group, both groups had a similar prevalence of clinical manifestations, @entity1252 International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage score, and mortality rate before introduction of the managed care system. Six years after implementation of the managed care system, medically indigent @entity1 were more likely to have photosensitivity (90% vs. 75%), @entity1910 (85% vs. 65%), @entity811 (43% vs. 24%), @entity1985 (17% vs. 6%), and @entity454 (8% vs. 0%). They also had a higher mortality rate (10% vs. 2%) and SLICC/ACR damage index score (1.5 vs. 0.8). In summary, @entity1252 @entity1 treated in the public system of Puerto Rico demonstrated higher morbidity and mortality after being treated in a managed care system compared with @entity1 managed in a private fee-for-service system. Different from the fee-for-service system, the managed care system seeks medical care cost reductions that could affect the management and outcome of @entity1252 @entity1 . These differences could also be related to the higher disease severity before implementation of the managed care system and lower socioeconomic status of the public group. Nevertheless, the public managed care system in Puerto Rico requires continuous evaluation to ensure @entity1252 @entity1 better access to specialty and subspecialty healthcare and optimal pharmacologic treatments.

title: Impact of managed care on clinical outcome of XXXX in Puerto Rico.

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phonological disorders are common in 3-year-olds born with @entity2419 compared to non-cleft peers. However, published results have been based on small samples. The purpose was to expand the knowledge on phonology of Swedish-speaking 3-year-olds with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ), treated with primary palatal closure in one or two stages. METHODS: The phonology of 26 @entity1 with @entity3384 was assessed with percentage consonants correct adjusted for age ( @entity38815 ) and number of consistent phonological simplification processes (NCP) at age 3. Fifteen of the @entity1 were treated with minimal incision technique in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) at 13 months and 11 with a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with soft palate repair at 4 months and hard palate repair at 12 months. Their results were compared and then merged with previously obtained data from 10 @entity1 treated with @entity5 and nine @entity1 treated with @entity5 . Finally, the merged results were compared with those of 20 peers without @entity3384 . RESULTS: No significant differences between the first two groups were found. In the merged results, NCP in the @entity5 group was significantly lower than in the @entity5 group. The @entity3384 group displayed significantly poorer results on @entity38815 and NCP than peers without @entity3384 . CONCLUSION: Surgical procedure did not have a clear impact on phonology at age 3 years. Since @entity1 with @entity3384 are at risk of having impaired phonology at age 3, the results confirm the necessity of having both a phonological and articulatory approach when assessing and treating @entity1 born with @entity2419 .

title: Phonology in Swedish-speaking 3-year-olds born with XXXX treated with palatal closure in one or two stages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'TS', 'two-stage closure', 'one stage']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['unilateral cleft lip and palate']


abstract: @entity328 is a major causative agent of severe @entity166 . More than 90 pneumococcal serotypes are known, although most invasive and noninvasive diseases are associated with a much smaller number of serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity2260 isolates in @entity1 , the distribution of serogroups and serotypes, and the coverage by the serotypes included in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine toward @entity66 . This study investigated 210 nonrepetitive isolates of @entity2260 isolated between 1998 and 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method as determined by the CA-SFM guidelines. @entity114 susceptibility was determined using the @entity6101 5-microg disk screening test. The MICs of @entity3397 , @entity115 , and @entity3524 were determined using the E-test (ABBIODISK). Serotype was determined using rapid latex agglutination (Pneumotest Latex) and the capsular reaction test used antisera from the Staten Serum Institute. The evaluation of susceptibility to ss-lactamins showed that 52.8% of the strains were @entity114 non susceptible strains (PNSs), 16.6% had decreased susceptibility to @entity115 , and 8.5% to @entity3524 . Among noninvasive isolates, 55.2% were PNSs and 50.4% were invasive PNSs. The PNS strains were more frequently resistant to other antibiotics, with 68.4% resistance to @entity2929 , 44.1% to @entity206 - @entity207 , and 9.9% to @entity2755 versus 32.3, 11.1, and 1%, respectively, in @entity114 -susceptible strains. The predominant serogroups/serotypes of our study were 14 (22%), 23 (14.3%), 19 (11.9%), and 4 (8.5%). The study of the vaccine serotype distribution showed that the theoretical vaccinal coverage of the seven valent vaccines was 62.8% for all the isolates, 55.2% for the invasive isolates, and 67.9% for the PNSs.

title: [Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of @entity328 isolates in XXXX in Tunis].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The M protein is the primary vaccine candidate to prevent group A streptococcal (GAS) infection and the subsequent development of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ). However, the large number of serotypes have made it difficult to design a vaccine against all strains. We have taken an approach of identifying @entity1472 -terminal M protein epitopes from GAS isolates that are highly prevalent in GAS-endemic populations within the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Australian Aboriginals in the NT experience the highest incidence of @entity4789 worldwide. To develop a vaccine for this population, 39 peptides were synthesized, representing the @entity1472 -terminal region of the M protein from endemic GAS. @entity19 immunized with these peptides covalently linked to @entity116 toxoid and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant raised high-titer antibodies. Over half of these sera reduced bacterial colony counts by >80% against the homologous isolate of GAS. Seven of the peptide antisera also cross-reacted with at least three other heterologous peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antiserum to one peptide, BSA10(1-28), could recognize six other peptides, and five of these peptides could inhibit opsonization mediated by BSA10(1-28) antiserum. Cross-opsonization studies showed that six of these sera could opsonize at least one heterologous isolate of GAS. These data reveal vaccine candidates specific to a GAS-endemic area and show the potential of some to cross-opsonize multiple isolates of GAS. This information will be critical when considering which epitopes may be useful in a multiepitope vaccine to prevent @entity883 .

title: Protective and nonprotective epitopes from XXXX termini of M proteins from Australian aboriginal isolates and reference strains of group A streptococci.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['GAS infection']

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['amino']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of an extramedullary @entity6872 confined to the choroid. METHODS: Interventional case report with cytopathologic correlation. RESULTS: A 76-year-old asymptomatic @entity1 presented with 2 globular orange and amelanotic @entity66 in the right eye. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of one of the @entity66 followed by immunocytochemical studies revealed monoclonal plasma cells, diagnostic of @entity6872 . Systemic evaluation was negative, except for increased serum gamma globulin with immunoglobulin kappa spike on electrophoresis. The @entity1 was managed by ocular external beam radiotherapy. At 9 years follow-up, she was free of @entity66 and never developed @entity1582 . CONCLUSION: @entity8709 confined to the choroid is rare. It may present simulating other common amelanotic @entity66 . Fine needle aspiration biopsy and proper systemic evaluation are critical in establishing the diagnosis.

title: XXXX confined to the choroid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal lesions', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity8709 :: (MESH:C537514,Disease) :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) was used to treat 31 @entity1 with progressing metastatic @entity320 . Only three @entity1 had disease confined to non-visceral sites; the median number of organ sites involved was four. The first dose of @entity5041 was given intrasplenically (to stimulate cytotoxic cells in high concentration) via a femoral artery catheter, and four further i.v. doses were given over 6 days. A total of three courses at 21-day intervals was planned. Doses were escalated in 15 @entity1 from 1 x 10(6) to 16.4 x 10(4) Cetus units m-2. The maximum tolerated dose (11.0 x 10(6) U m-2) was used in the other 16 @entity1 . Of the 71 courses, severe but transient @entity137 requiring interruption of @entity5041 or additional care occurred on three courses (dyspnoea) and 15 from @entity551 , but the @entity1 ' performance status improved. Four @entity1 had partial @entity5 responses although in only one @entity1 did response occur in all sites of disease. However, responses occurred in visceral sites and six @entity1 are alive at 9-16 months. @entity1199 is of use in advanced @entity320 and does not need complicated ICU facilities.

title: Recombinant XXXX ( @entity5041 ) given intrasplenically and intravenously for advanced @entity320 . A phase I and II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell culture plays a pivotal role in @entity5 research. However, culture-induced changes in biological properties of @entity5 cells profoundly affect research reproducibility and translational potential. Establishing culture conditions tailored to the @entity5 cell of origin could resolve this problem. For @entity11 research, it has been previously shown that replacing serum with defined growth factors for neural stem cells (NSCs) greatly improved the retention of gene expression profile and tumorigenicity. However, among all molecular subtypes of @entity11 , our laboratory and others have previously shown that the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) rather than the NSC serves as the cell of origin for the proneural subtype, raising questions regarding the suitability of NSC-tailored media for culturing @entity11 cells. METHODS: OPC-originated @entity19 @entity11 cells were cultured in conditions for normal OPCs or NSCs, respectively, for multiple passages. Gene expression profiles, morphologies, tumorigenicity, and drug responsiveness of cultured cells were examined in comparison with freshly @entity5 cells. RESULTS: OPC media-cultured @entity11 cells maintained tumorigenicity, gene expression profiles, and morphologies similar to freshly @entity5 cells. In contrast, NSC-media cultured @entity11 cells gradually lost their OPC features and most @entity5 -initiating ability and acquired heightened sensitivity to @entity2903 . CONCLUSIONS: To improve experimental reproducibility and translational potential of @entity11 research, it is important to identify the cell of origin, and subsequently apply this knowledge to establish culture conditions that allow the retention of native properties of @entity5 cells.

title: Culture conditions tailored to the cell of origin are critical for maintaining native properties and tumorigenicity of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['proneural glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study examined training effects in dyslexic @entity1 on reading fluency and the amplitude of N170, a negative brain-potential component elicited by letter and symbol strings. A group of 18 @entity1 with @entity5545 in 3rd grade (9.05  0.46years old) was tested before and after following a letter-speech sound mapping training. A group of 20 third-grade typical readers (8.78  0.35years old) performed a single time on the same brain potential task. The training was differentially effective in speeding up reading fluency in the dyslexic @entity1 . In some @entity1 , training had a beneficial effect on reading fluency ('improvers') while a training effect was absent in others ('non-improvers'). Improvers at pre-training showed larger N170 amplitude to words compared to non-improvers. N170 amplitude decreased following training in improvers but not in non-improvers. But the N170 amplitude pattern in improvers continued to differ from the N170 amplitude pattern across hemispheres seen in typical readers. Finally, we observed a positive relation between the decrease in N170 amplitude and gains in reading fluency. Collectively, the results that emerged from the present study indicate the sensitivity of N170 amplitude to reading fluency and its potential as a predictor of reading fluency acquisition.

title: Responsivity to XXXX training indexed by the N170 amplitude of the brain potential elicited by word reading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to compare eye drops and inserts in terms of the quality of preoperative @entity5564 . The secondary objective was to evaluate the safety and ease of use of each modality. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective randomized and simple blinded study. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: the insert protocol (atropine 1%, @entity3522 0.1% collyrium and Mydriasert) or the eye drop protocol (atropine 1%, @entity3522 0.1%, @entity12023 0.5%, and @entity2647 10% collyrium). Fifty-one @entity1 were included: 25 in the insert protocol and 26 in the drop protocol. Mydriasis quality was evaluated by nurses and surgeons. The ease of use was estimated by the number of gestures required to obtain @entity5564 and the difficulties encountered. Safety was evaluated at the @entity1 's bedside. RESULTS: Mydriasis of at least 6 mm was obtained in 92% of the @entity1 in the insert protocol (23/25) and 85% of the @entity1 in the drop protocol (22/26) (NS). Four @entity1 lost their insert during the study. Of the @entity1 in the insert group, 16% (4/25) experienced @entity8976 in their eyes, as did 23% (6/26) of @entity1 in the group using drops (NS). To reach effective @entity5564 , the insert protocol required fewer nurse gestures per @entity1 than the drop protocol (3.0 versus 8.3; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: With the protocol using an insert, preoperative @entity5564 is not inferior to that obtained with drops only and is more efficient in terms of nurse time and number of gestures. Nurses should be trained in appropriate handling of the insert and avoiding the loss of the device.

title: [Efficacy and efficiency of preoperative XXXX : drops versus ocular insert].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

answer: @entity5564 :: (MESH:D015878,Disease) :: ['mydriasis']


abstract: @entity14242 is an oral @entity6236 ( @entity6236 ) inhibitor in clinical development for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 , an elderly population that frequently receives @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for concurrent illnesses. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of @entity14242 60 mg coadministered with low-dose (100 mg) @entity1281 , high-dose (325 mg) @entity1281 , or @entity1623 (500 mg) in healthy subjects (n = 126). Template bleeding times (BT) were measured. Mean baseline (predose) BT for the 3 studies ranged from 4.72 to 6.13 minutes. @entity14242 administered alone increased BT by 21%-35% (4 hours post dose) from baseline. Concomitant administration of @entity14242 with high-dose @entity1281 , low-dose @entity1281 , or @entity1623 increased BT approximately 2-fold showing an additive effect greater than either agent administered alone. @entity14242 pharmacokinetics were not affected by concomitant low-dose @entity1281 or @entity1623 , but high-dose @entity1281 increased systemic exposure of @entity14242 by approximately 30%. The effects of @entity14242 on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, anti- @entity6236 , and intrinsic @entity6236 activity were not influenced by administration with @entity1281 or @entity1623 . Inhibition of @entity1423 by high-dose @entity1281 , low-dose @entity1281 , or @entity1623 was not affected by @entity14242 . Concomitant administration of @entity14242 and @entity1281 or @entity1623 was well tolerated.

title: The effects of the antiplatelet agents, @entity117 and XXXX , on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anticoagulant @entity14242 , a direct @entity6236 inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity14242 :: ('MESH:C552171', 'Chemical') :: ['edoxaban', 'Edoxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: Acquired primary pure @entity1308 (PRCA) has frequently been shown to be associated with T cells that inhibit marrow erythropoiesis. A 41-year-old female presented with @entity417 in December 1985. Bone marrow examination revealed 1.8% erythroid cells. A diagnosis of PRCA was made. She received @entity617 , and her hemoglobin level recovered to 12 g/dl. In February 1995, her hemoglobin level decreased to 5.8 g/dl, and acquired primary PRCA recurred. Surface markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated CD4/8 ratio inversion. The T-cell receptor (TCR)-beta chain gene showed germ line configuration by Southern blot analysis of the mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. However, stepdown polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the TCR-beta gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was rearranged. With highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction analysis, clonality of T cells was confirmed. We propose that some acquired primary PRCA @entity1 have a @entity1619 , similar to some PRCA @entity1 with large granular lymphocytes @entity1778 or @entity704 .

title: Clonality of acquired primary pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell clonal disorder']

entities_list: @entity1308 :: ('MESH:D012010', 'Disease') :: ['red cell aplasia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1308 :: (MESH:D012010,Disease) :: ['red cell aplasia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ageing on variability of airflow obstruction and on the specific pattern of nocturnal exacerbations ("morning dipping" of peak expiratory flow (PEF)) in @entity565 . Two groups of stable asthmatics (Group A: 23 @entity1 , aged 14-47 yrs; Group B: 20 @entity1 , aged 53-74 yrs), that were similar for duration of disease, degree of obstruction and response to bronchodilators, were studied. PEF was monitored four times daily for 2 weeks, and @entity7127 " were calculated. Both PEF amplitude and "morning dip" were greater in the older @entity1 (p<0.005). Amplitude was negatively correlated with baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in both groups (p<0.01); multiple correlation with age, duration of disease, baseline FEV1 and degree of reversibility was significant in the older group only. Morning dip was inversely correlated to baseline FEV1 (p<0.01) and reversibility (p<0.05). Nocturnal symptoms were reported by all of the five Group A "dippers", but by only 6 of the 13 Group B "dippers" (p<0.04). Ageing contributes to increased variability of airway calibre in @entity565 . Aged @entity1 are potentially at risk because functional evidence of nocturnal @entity565 may frequently be accompanied by a poor subjective awareness. Therefore, a more extensive practice of PEF monitoring is recommended in aged asthmatics.

title: Effect of ageing on peak expiratory flow variability and nocturnal exacerbations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of variation and "morning dip']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One of the therapeutic strategies in the acute phase of @entity1779 is the use of antiaggregants and anticoagulants. DEVELOPMENT: Until recently, their clinical use was empirical. It was based on the favourable results of clinical trials using these drugs in acute coronary ischaemia and the results of some preliminary clinical trials (although not the definitive trials) in the acute phase of @entity385 . These involved a small number of @entity1 and randomization errors which did not definitely show the benefit/risk ratio, particularly in cases of @entity548 of any origin. However, they served as a basis for further studies. Therefore, IST was done using anticoagulants in a large number of @entity1 . It was randomized and open, using subcutaneous non-fractionated heparin without a TPT control. Use of heparin was associated with a significant number of @entity548 without obvious net benefit, so should not be used in these conditions. Other trials used heparinoids (TOAST) or low molecular weight heparin (FISS and repeat FISS) and showed no benefit either. IST and @entity8292 are trials involving antiaggregants. They included larger numbers of @entity1 using an open, randomized design. The results showed benefit, with reduction in the early recurrence of @entity63 , @entity204 and @entity734 . There was also a significant, but not very relevant, increase in recovery. CONCLUSION: In view of this data @entity117 in doses of 160-300 mg/d during the first 48 hours after onset of the @entity385 has been recommended.

title: [Anticoagulation and antiaggregation: implication in the acute phase of stroke following IST, XXXX , TOAST, FISS and FISS bis].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity8292 :: (831,Gene) :: ['CAST']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study interactions between disease-free survival (DFS) and four components of the plasminogen activator system: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), its two inhibitors ( @entity2289 and @entity10933 ), and its membrane receptor @entity10431 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 499 primary @entity0 @entity1 (median follow-up, 6 years). @entity2290 , @entity2289 , and @entity10933 were determined on cytosols and @entity10431 on solubilized pellets, using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay kits (American Diagnostica, Greenwich, CT). Classical univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used together with multiple correspondence analysis to graphically examine interactions between the variables and outcome. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, higher @entity2290 and @entity2289 values were significantly related to shorter DFS (P =.002; P <.00002). @entity10933 was not significantly related to DFS, although @entity1 with high and very low @entity10933 values had a longer DFS. Multiple correspondence analysis showed the parallel impact of @entity2290 and @entity2289 on outcome, and the clearly different behavior of @entity10933 compared with @entity2289 . The prognostic contribution of @entity10431 seemed weak by both methods. A dissemination risk index [ @entity2290 x @entity2289 /( @entity10933 + 1)], taking into account the modulation of @entity2290 proteolytic activity by the ratio of its two inhibitors, was then tested. Dissemination risk index was selected as an independent variable in the Cox model in the overall population (P <.000001) and in node-positive @entity1 (P <.00001). It was the only variable selected in node-negative @entity1 (P =. 003). CONCLUSION: A dissemination risk index determined on primary @entity5 and taking into account the different effects of @entity2289 and @entity10933 on @entity2290 can be of major help in clinical management of @entity0 , particularly in node-negative @entity1 .

title: Dissemination risk index based on plasminogen activator system components in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intensity of conditioning regimen is highly correlated with outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We have previously reported that @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ) intensified BUCY2 regimen could reduce relapse and improve survival for high-risk @entity1583 undergoing allo-HSCT. However, there is no published study comparing the efficacy of @entity11059 -BUCY2 regimen for high-risk @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) versus @entity981 ( @entity981 ). We further retrospectively compared therapeutic outcomes of intensified conditioning regimen on 140 high-risk @entity3052 and @entity981 @entity1 in the data analyses. @entity11059 15mg/m(2)/d was administered by continuous infusion from day -11 to -9, followed by intravenous injection of @entity1863 (BU) (3.2mg/kg/d) from day -6 to -4, and intravenous injection of @entity786 (CY) (1.8g/m(2)/d) from day -3 to -2 in @entity11059 -BUCY2 regimen. For high-risk @entity3052 , cumulative probabilities of 3-year relapse rates in @entity11059 -BUCY2 and traditional BUCY2 regimens were 16.9%, 43.3% (P=0.016). Cumulative probabilities of 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 69.2% vs 44.0% (P=0.024), and 66.9% vs 38.2% (P=0.01). However, two regimens showed no significant differences for high-risk @entity981 . Multivariate analysis also indicated that @entity11059 intensified BUCY2 conditioning was the favorable variable to reduce relapse and elevate survival for high-risk @entity3052 @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity11059 -BUCY2 regimen reduces relapse and improves survival for high-risk @entity3052 undergoing allo-HSCT, but not presenting uniform therapeutic effects for high-risk @entity981 .

title: XXXX -intensified BUCY2 conditioning regimen improved survival in high-risk acute myeloid, but not lymphocytic leukemia @entity1 undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['Idarubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this cross-sectional, case-controlled, observational study were to examine attitudes toward menstruation in female @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 and in a control group, and to explore the associations between attitudes toward menstruation and psychopathology, menstrual regularity during antipsychotic treatment, and @entity1866 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 treated with anti- @entity716 medications for at least the previous 6 months were placed in irregular (irregular menstrual cycle) (n = 31) and regular (regular menstrual cycle) (n = 27) groups. Sixty-two, age-matched, healthy female @entity1 with regular menstrual cycles were enrolled as a control group. Psychopathology was assessed by psychiatrists using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was used to assess attitudes toward menstruation, and symptom checklists based on the Moos Menstruation Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ) were used to assess @entity1866 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity914 (both irregular and regular groups) had more negative attitudes toward menstruation than the control group. In the @entity161 group, there was no association between the severity of @entity716 and their influence on attitudes toward menstruation. Moreover, regular menstrual cycles during antipsychotic treatment and fewer @entity1866 were the two main predictors for more positive attitudes toward menstruation in the @entity1 group. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies to explore the relationship between @entity716 and attitudes toward menstruation. The findings provide more support for the assumption that attitudes toward menstruation are derived from a @entity1 's perception of her bodily experience rather than a @entity146 .

title: Attitudes toward menstruation in females with @entity161 or XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual distress symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorders']


abstract: Putranjiva roxburghii (PR) pollen has been found to be an important aeroallergen for @entity56 . In the present study, the IgE binding proteins of PR pollen have been characterized and compared with pollen allergens of @entity9377 (RC) belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. On isoelectric focusing, PR pollen extract resolved into 35 bands (pI 3-9), whereas @entity214 -PAGE separated it into 18 protein components (MW 14-100 kD). Pooled @entity1 's sera (ID +ve to PR) recognized 12 allergenic proteins in Putranjiva and five of them (MWs 92, 80, 55, 43 and 30 kD) showed immunologic reactivity to most of the sera samples tested individually by immunoblot. A number of shared allergenic proteins (MWs 92, 80, 66, 50, 43 and 14 kD) were observed between PR and RC pollen extracts on immunoblot using Putranjiva allergic serum pool. Inhibition in the binding for most of PR pollen allergenic proteins was obtained with higher concentration of RC extract than PR itself, depicting the presence of cross-reacting allergens in both. Putranjiva pollen extract was fractionated by a combination of DEAE Sephadex-A 50 and Sephadex-G 200 column chromatography. Periodate deglycosylation of western blotted PR extract and Put I fraction indicated the involvement of @entity1735 moieties in the allergenic activity. Of the two fractions from Put I (Ia and Ib), Put Ib was found to be the most allergenic protein by ELISA inhibition. Dot blot analysis with individual @entity1 sera identified it as a major allergen of PR.

title: Immunobiochemical characterization of Putranjiva roxburghii pollen extract and cross-reactivity with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['Ricinus communis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type I hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity9377 :: (3988,Species) :: ['Ricinus communis']


abstract: The effect of ovariectomy, @entity1420 and prolactin treatment on the action of @entity3774 (PGF2alpha) was determined in pregnant @entity35 . PGF2alpha (150 mug times 2) injected i.p. on day 1. or 18 of pregnancy induced lactogenesis about 25 h later and @entity5852 on days 20 and 21 of pregnancy. Treatment with PGF2alpha (100 mug times 2 or 50 mug times 2) on day 19 induced lactogenesis around 22 or 38 h later, respectively, and @entity5852 on day 21. PHF2alpha treatment on day 17 was less effective. Unilateral ovariectomy on day 17 of pregnancy induced lactogenesis 32 h later but not @entity5852 . PGF2alpha (150 mug times 2) given on the day of surgery advanced lactogenesis 12 h and @entity35 aborted on day 19. Bilateral overiectomy on day 17 induced @entity5852 between days 20 to 21, but if a single dose of PGF2alpha (300 mug) was injected on day 18. all the ovariectomized @entity35 aborted on day 19. @entity1420 (10 mg) injected into @entity35 treated with PGF2alpha (150 mug times 2) on day 18, prevented @entity5852 and delayed lactogenesis. Prolactin (1 mg times 4) treatment delayed only @entity5852 . Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher 12 h after the last dose of PGF2alpha (150 mug times 2) in @entity35 treated on days 17, 18 or 19 of pregnancy. Pretreatment with @entity1420 prevented the rise in prolactin concentration. These result suggest that the lactogenic and abortive action of PGF2alpha may be dependent on the uterine and plasma concentration of @entity1420 .

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity1420 on the lactogenic and abortive action of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUDS: Diagnosing @entity397 ( @entity397 ) is a challenging aspect of managing @entity130 due to the lack of a typical clinical presentation. The mortality from @entity397 is variable and center-specific. In this study, we identified the incidence and clinical presentation of @entity397 at our institution and analyzed the factors that affected the length of hospital stay and mortality. METHODS: We collected all @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity397 from January 2001 through December 2010 at a Level I @entity130 center. We recorded demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, diagnostic images, @entity130 mechanism, location and severity of @entity130 , injury severity score (ISS), time to diagnosis, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), hospital length of stay (HLOS), and mortality. We analyzed the risk for mortality and prolonged hospitalization. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 with a median age of 37 years were included. Thirty-six @entity1 (87.8%) had an early diagnosis, and 5 @entity1 (12.2%) had a delayed diagnosis requiring longer than 24  h. The median ICU LOS and HLOS were 2 and 11 days, respectively. High-grade @entity397 and @entity651 increased the ICU LOS and HLOS. The total mortality rate was 7.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2332 and @entity551 were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: Overlooking @entity397 in @entity1 with thoracoabdominal penetrating injury is not infrequent. A high index of suspicion is important for making the diagnosis. A high-grade @entity397 and associated @entity651 prolonged the length of hospital stay. Profound @entity548 and associated physical decompensation have an impact on mortality.

title: Factors affecting outcomes in penetrating diaphragmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'thoracoabdominal injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['PDR', 'penetrating diaphragmatic rupture', 'diaphragmatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extraoral mandibular nerve block (MNB) is used in oropharyngeal surgery for @entity1337 and anesthesia. Repeated or continuous MNB has been used successfully as treatment for uncontrollable @entity158 , @entity7871 , and airway assessment. The usual technique involves transcutaneous infrazygomatic access. However, in some specific settings, this approach is not always feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A continuous bilateral MNB with a suprazygomatic approach to the pterygomandibular space was used to resolve a case of refractory and painful @entity7871 in a @entity1 with @entity1688 . RESULTS: Analgesia was achieved and maintained by bilateral catheter placement to the pterygomandibular space and repeated injection of local anesthetic for 48  hours. The right-side catheter was accidentally withdrawn; the left-side catheter was maintained up to 72  hours. The efficiency of @entity1337 was not affected. This block provided effective @entity1337 within the first few hours after local anesthetic injection, helped to @entity2133 opening, and resolved acute @entity158 . Because kinesitherapy could be introduced, the @entity1 was left on nonopioid analgesics. CONCLUSION: Continuous bilateral MNB through the suprazygomatic approach was used safely and efficiently. The suggested approach is quite unique, as is the clinical circumstance, and might be considered when the usual technique is challenging.

title: Suprazygomatic Access for Continuous Bilateral Mandibular Nerve Block for XXXX and Trismus Relief in the Tetraplegic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['improve mouth']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity7871 :: ('MESH:D014313', 'Disease') :: ['masseter spasticity', 'trismus']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Quantitative cytochemistry of cytochrome oxidase (C.O.) was implemented in @entity1 brains to measure C.O. activity in the 3 main divisions of the inferior colliculus (IC): central (ICC), dorsal ( @entity1479 ), and external (ICE). Units of C.O. activity (micromol/min/g tissue wet weight) were quantified in cellular compartments (overall average, neuropil, perikaryon, and dendrites) at the light microscope level using microdensitometry calibrated with C.O. activity standards measured spectrophotometrically. In a non- @entity195 ( @entity195 ) control group (mean age = 79.6 +/- 3.1 years, postmortem time = 6.9 +/- 1.6 h), the ICC and @entity1479 demonstrated higher (p < 0.008) overall average activities (mean = 183.40 +/- 18.7 and 184.98 +/- 45.1 units, respectively) relative to the ICE (56.46 +/- 15.9 units). Comparison of cellular morphometry (soma and nucleus area, perimeter, and diameter) revealed that the ICC contained cells of significantly larger soma size than in both the @entity1479 and ICE (p < 0.002). The distribution of soma diameters in the ICC of controls showed a clear bimodality, enabling the typing of the cells into larger and smaller than average soma diameter. Brains from @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ; mean age = 78.3 +/- 2.9 years, postmortem time = 6.5 +/- 1.3 h) were compared with the non- @entity195 controls. Significant group differences were found only in the large cells of the ICC. The @entity195 large cells showed a decrement in C.O. activity relative to the corresponding controls in overall average activity (p < 0.032) and in peak activity of neuropil near the soma (p < 0.012). These findings provide the first quantitative cytochemical data of C.O. activity in @entity1 . They also suggest that cellular alterations in C.O. metabolism in @entity195 affect predominantly specific groups of larger projection neurons while neighboring neurons are spared.

title: Quantitative cytochemistry of cytochrome oxidase and cellular morphometry of the XXXX inferior colliculus in control and Alzheimer's @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional occlusion of the hypogastric artery (HA) can be used for @entity439 repair (EVAR) in the iliac arteries. Most frequent @entity63 is buttock @entity613 (BC). AIM: To investigate the frequency and progression of BC after interventional occlusion of the HA prior to EVAR. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in @entity1 with EVAR and occlusion of the HA between September 2004 and August 2010. Acute and persistent BC symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-four catheter occlusions of the HA were performed. In 10 cases, @entity613 could not be evaluated. During a mean follow-up of 17 months, 23 occlusions (52.3%) of the HA showed BC, in 52% symptoms were persistent. Of the 5 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 who underwent bilateral occlusion had BC and in 2 cases, persistent in the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Buttock @entity613 after occlusion of the HA prior to EVAR is a frequent complication, which often persists during follow-up. Alternatives that maintain pelvic perfusion should be considered.

title: Buttock XXXX after interventional occlusion of the hypogastric artery--a mid-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic complication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['claudication']