abstract: UNASSIGNED: To date, clinical success of cardiac cell-therapies remains limited. To enhance the cardioreparative properties of stem cells, the concept of lineage-specification through cardiopoietic-guidance has been recently suggested. However, so far, only results from @entity19 studies and from a clinical pilot-trial in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are available, while systematic evidence of its therapeutic-efficacy is still lacking. Importantly, also no data from large animals or for other indications are available. Therefore, we here investigate the therapeutic-efficacy of @entity1 cardiopoietic stem cells in the treatment of post- @entity1188 @entity409 using a translational @entity1707 -model. Using growth-factor priming, lineage-specification of @entity1 bone-marrow derived MSCs was achieved to generate cardiopoietic stem cells according to @entity34857 -compliant protocols. Thereafter, @entity1707 with post- @entity1188 @entity409 (sub-acute phase;1-month) were randomized to either receive transcatheter NOGA 3D electromechanical-mapping guided intramyocardial transplantation of cardiopoietic cells or saline (control). After 30days, cardiac MRI (cMRI) was performed for functional evaluation and in-vivo cell-tracking. This approach was coupled with a comprehensive post-mortem cell-fate and mode-of-repair analysis. Cardiopoietic cell therapy was safe and ejection-fraction was significantly higher when compared to controls (p  =  0.012). It further prevented maladaptive @entity5707 and revealed a significantly lower relative and total infarct-size (p  =  0.043 and p  =  0.012). As in-vivo tracking and post-mortem analysis displayed only limited intramyocardial cardiopoietic cell-integration, the significant induction of neo-angiogenesis (   40% higher; p  =  0.003) and recruitment of endogenous progenitors (   2.5x higher; p  =  0.008) to the @entity1188 appeared to be the major modes-of-repair. This is the first report using a pre-clinical large animal-model to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of cardiopoietic stem cells for the treatment of post- @entity1188 @entity409 to prevent negative @entity5707 and subsequent @entity712 . It further provides insight into post-delivery cardiopoietic cell-fate and suggests the mechanisms of cardiopoietic cell-induced @entity299 . The adoption of @entity34857 -/GLP-compliant methodologies may accelerate the translation into a phase-I clinical-trial in @entity1 with post-ischemic @entity409 broadening the current indication of this interesting cell-type.

title: Safety and efficacy of cardiopoietic stem cells in the treatment of post- XXXX left-ventricular dysfunction - From cardioprotection to functional repair in a translational @entity1707 @entity1188 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart-failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV-dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border-zone', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV-remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-repair']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In single case observations, @entity5 remissions after intratumoral injections of mistletoe extracts have been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the antitumour activity of intratumorally (i.t.)-injected lectin-rich mistletoe extract at different dosages and i.t.-injected mistletoe lectin I in comparison to intravenous (i.v.) @entity136 and i.t. treatment with placebo in a @entity1 @entity788 xenograft. RESULTS: In a preliminary dose-response experiment, the most marked @entity5 inhibition was induced when mistletoe extract was given at 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) and mistletoe lectin I at 5.3 microg/kg BW. In a second experiment, bi-weekly i.t. injections of mistletoe extract over 8 weeks resulted in a very high antitumour activity with an optimal T/C value (=median relative @entity5 volume of the test group vs. the control) of 0.4% combined with 3/8 partial and 3/8 complete remissions. @entity136 was less active with 2/8 partial and 1/8 complete remissions and an optimal TIC of 4.6%. CONCLUSION: I.t.-injected lectin-rich mistletoe extract should be further evaluated in @entity1 with inoperable locally advanced @entity788 .

title: Anticancer activity of a lectin-rich mistletoe extract injected intratumorally into XXXX @entity788 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving therapy has been shown to be as effective as mastectomy in many cases; hence in many countries more @entity0 @entity1 are offered this type of treatment. This study focuses on the amount and type of surgery used in Norway for @entity0 @entity1 and the possible use of hospital discharge data to evaluate the diffusion of this surgical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the nationwide Register of Hospital Discharges in Norway at SINTEF Unimed for @entity1 operated for @entity0 from 1990 to 1995 were used. RESULTS: 11,041 @entity1 were registered with 11,727 hospital admissions for @entity0 operations from a total of 64 hospitals. The discrepancy in the number of @entity0 @entity1 with the National @entity5 Registry was 7%. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 19.7%. An increase from 17% in 1990 to 21% in 1995 was found, but with variations according to type of hospital, county and age of @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: The percentage of breast conserving surgery is still low in Norway; this indicates that many @entity1 are not offered this type of surgery. With some caution, the data from SINTEF Unimed can be used to reflect the clinical practice over time at Norwegian hospitals. Further improvements could be obtained if national identity numbers were added to the database.

title: [ XXXX surgery in Norway 1990-95 illustrated by data from SINTEF United].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report four cases of @entity1781 in three @entity1 treated with periocular @entity3003 injections for unilateral or bilateral @entity995 . DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">University-based Ophthalmology Practice. STUDY POPULATION: Four eyes of three @entity1 with @entity995 enucleated after nonsuccessful multimodality treatment including periocular @entity3003 injections. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: The enucleated eyes were routinely processed and evaluated by light microscopy. A retrospective chart review of all four cases was performed. RESULTS: Three enucleated eyes (Reese-Ellsworth groups III and VB) were obtained from two @entity1 with bilateral multifocal @entity995 , and one eye (Reese-Ellsworth group IIB) was harvested from a @entity1 with @entity995 . All affected eyes underwent three to seven periocular @entity3003 injections before enucleation. Additional treatment modalities included systemic chemotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, transscleral cryotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy. Histopathologic evaluation of the enucleated eyes revealed focal areas of @entity63 @entity39 or @entity194 of the optic nerve along with @entity730 and mild @entity32 in the surrounding fibrovascular adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Periocular injections of @entity3003 may be a useful treatment approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity995 and may minimize systemic side-effects. However, ophthalmologists and pediatric oncologists should be aware of potential marked local complications with periocular @entity3003 delivery, including @entity1781 . Modifying the injection site/location (for example, subtenon space) or adding other delivery routes adjuncts (for example, fibrin sealant) deserves further study.

title: XXXX @entity39 and @entity194 of the optic nerve after periocular @entity3003 injection for @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma', 'advanced intraocular retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'unilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To present clinical and laboratory features, treatment options, and outcome in @entity1 with @entity281 and to compare them with analogous in brucellar @entity1 without testicular involvement. METHODS: Thirty four brucellar @entity1 with @entity281 treated in two general hospitals in the Republic of Macedonia, during the period 1998-2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared with analogous in 364 male brucellar @entity1 without @entity281 , who were treated at the same hospitals during the same time period. RESULTS: Brucellar @entity281 was evident in 34 (8.5%) out of 398 male @entity1 with @entity3377 . The median age of the @entity1 was 46.5  years. In all @entity1 testicular involvement was presented as an acute form with a median duration of 5  days (range, 2-14  days) prior to diagnosis. Twenty-three of the @entity1 had at least one other simultaneous @entity8796 . After starting with the treatment @entity281 lasted a median 10  days, range 7-21  days. Brucellar @entity1 with @entity281 when compared with other brucellar @entity1 more frequently manifested fever (97% vs. 61%), concomitant @entity1511 (32% vs. 16%), and urinary system involvement (12% vs. 2%). Also, the relapse rate in @entity1 with testicular involvement was significantly higher (24% vs. 9%). CONCLUSION: In @entity3377 should be taken into consideration in any @entity1 with @entity281 . Brucellar testicular involvement is usually characterized with a severe acute clinical presentation and a high percentage of relapses which entails the need of timely recognition and proper treatment duration of at least 60  days.

title: @entity281 in XXXX : Report of 34 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'endemic regions brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular infection', 'brucellar testicular infection']

entities_list: @entity8796 :: ('MESH:D005490', 'Disease') :: ['focal infection']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: Pigmented male @entity35 were administered a suspension of 0, 25, or 100 mg/kg @entity38280 in @entity4336 oil by gavage. The @entity35 were killed at 4 and 12 h, and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 57, or 84 days after a single oral administration. The primary site of @entity989 appeared to be the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The RPE cells showed @entity39 within 12 h post-exposure (PE) at 25 mg/kg and within 4 h PE at 100 mg/kg. Subsequently, photoreceptor outer segments (POS) were disrupted with a @entity5072 RPE cell response within 2 days PE. Intact photoreceptor inner segments (PIS) and RPE cells apposing closely with distal POS were important determinants for reversibility of the damaged POS. The damaged RPE cells were regenerated prior to restoration of normal POS. At 25 mg/kg, both the RPE cells and POS were damaged, but PIS were intact. The damaged POS were regenerated from intact PIS with closely apposing RPE cells. By 14 days PE, the damaged POS had partially regenerated and attained approximately one third to one half of their normal length. By 57 and 84 days PE, the damaged retina had regained an essentially normal structure. In contrast, at 100 mg/kg, the POS and PIS were extensively disrupted, with marked @entity989 after 7 days PE resulting in the formation of multiple retinal arcades (foldings), and rosettes by 14 days PE. Subsequently, retinal arcades and rosettes gradually disappeared as the result of extensive loss of PIS and POS with progressive migration of photoreceptor nuclei toward the Bruch's membrane after 28 days PE. Focal regeneration of POS was observed by 57 days PE where intact PIS and a single layer of regenerated RPE cells were apposed closely with distal POS. The POS regeneration did not occur where the RPE cells were denuded or @entity5072 RPE cells were present. The @entity5072 RPE cells were devoid of slender apical processes, closely enclosing the distal POS. Approximately 20-30% of the retina had partially regained a normal structure by 84 days PE.

title: Pathogenesis and reversibility of @entity989 induced by @entity38280 ( XXXX ) in pigmented @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'RPE cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity38280 :: (MESH:C064427,Chemical) :: ['2-phenyl-APB-144']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2333 is an important cause of clinical disability that requires early detection by imaging methods for prompt and effective management. Understanding regional disease pattern and prevalence has a bearing on healthcare management and resource planning. Non-invasive, conclusive imaging strategy plays an important role in the detection of disease. @entity9689 ( @entity9689 ) with its technological developments provides affordable, accurate and comprehensive imaging solution. AIM: To evaluate regional demography of @entity2333 spectrum detected using @entity9689 imaging data in a tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted based on @entity9689 imaging data of @entity1 who were investigated with clinical diagnosis of @entity2333 , from March 2008-2010, over a period of 24 months. @entity1 were examined with the contrast-enhanced @entity9689 examination. Morphological diagnosis of the @entity2333 was based on changes in relative aortic caliber, luminal irregularity, presence of wall calcification, dissection or @entity715 and evidence of major @entity732 . @entity1 were categorized into four groups based on imaging findings. @entity9689 information and associated clinical parameters were examined and correlated to management of @entity1 . Descriptive statistical data, namely mean, standard deviation and frequency of disease were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 90 out of 210 @entity1 (43%) were detected with the @entity2333 defined by imaging criteria. Group I, comprising of @entity1 with @entity731 -including those with complications, constituted 65.5% of the @entity1 . Group II represented @entity1 with @entity439 (45.5%). Group III, consisting of 32.2% of the @entity1 , contained those with dissections. The rest of the @entity1 , including @entity1 with @entity3468 , were classified as group IV. Eight @entity1 with @entity439 and one @entity1 with @entity3468 were considered for surgical treatment. Ten @entity1 with dissection underwent endovascular procedure. Rest of the @entity1 was managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: @entity2333 was observed in 43% of investigated @entity1 . @entity731 with and without @entity449 constituted the largest group. @entity9689 provided comprehensive information about the lesion and associated complications. In view of the wider availability and desired imaging qualities, @entity9689 provided optimal information for diagnosis and management of aortic pathology. Majority of our @entity1 (90%) were treated conservatively.

title: Spectrum of Abdominal XXXX in a Tertiary Health Care Setup: @entity9689 Based Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9689 :: ('MESH:C564969', 'Disease') :: ['Multi-Detector Computed Tomography', 'MDCT']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-arteritis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease', 'abdominal aortic abnormality', 'Aortic disease', 'Abdominal aortic disease', 'abdominal aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch occlusion']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['Aortic Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interventional treatment regimens have increased the demand for accurate understanding of the progression of injury in acute @entity385 . However, conventional animal models severely inhibit collateral blood flow and mimic the malignant @entity1188 profile not suitable for treatment. The aim of this study was to provide a clinically relevant profile of the emergence and course of @entity63 in cases suitable for acute intervention, and was achieved by employing a @entity432 model (M2CAO) that more accurately simulates @entity2500 in @entity1 . Twenty-five @entity35 were subjected to Short (90 min), Intermediate (180 min) or Extended (600 min) transient M2CAO and examined longitudinally with interleaved diffusion-, T2- and arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging before and after reperfusion. We identified a rapid emergence of cytotoxic @entity4 within tissue regions undergoing @entity1188 , progressing in several distinct phases in the form of subsequent moderation and then reversal at 230 min (p < 0.0001). We identified also the early emergence of vasogenic @entity4 , which increased consistently before and after reperfusion (p < 0.0001). The perfusion of the penumbra correlated more strongly to the perfusion of adjacent tissue regions than did the perfusion of regions undergoing @entity1188 (p = 0.0088). This was interpreted as an effect of preserved collateral blood flow during M2CAO. Accordingly, we observed only limited recruitment of penumbra regions to the @entity1188 core. However, a gradual increase in @entity1188 size was still occurring as late as 10 hours after M2CAO. Our results indicate that @entity1 suffering MCA @entity732 stand to benefit from interventional therapy for an extended time period after the emergence of @entity63 .

title: Preserved Collateral Blood Flow in the Endovascular M2CAO Model Allows for Clinically Relevant Profiling of Injury Progression in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['M2 occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3405 @entity56 are classified as immediate or nonimmediate. Diagnosis is usually based upon skin tests and provocation challenges. OBJECTIVE: The time course of the reactions in proven @entity3405 hypersensitivities was studied and then correlated with the symptoms to determine the relationship between the clinical presentations and the time course. METHOD: All of the @entity1 who consulted between 1996 and 2004 for a suspected @entity3405 hypersensitivity reaction were studied. Two hundred and ten @entity1 with a proven hypersensitivity reaction diagnosed according to the European Network on Drug @entity566 were included in the present study. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 36.7% had @entity110 as a single symptom, 19.1% anaphylaxis without shock, 17.6% @entity2021 and 19.1% maculopapular @entity1910 . @entity2021 and anaphylaxis mostly occurred within 1 h after drug administration. Exanthema mainly occurred after 24 h. @entity110 as a single symptom occurred at any time. A firm diagnosis was determined using immediate-reading skin prick (10.0%) and intradermal tests (38.1%), late-reading skin tests (19.1%) or provocation tests (32.9%). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION: Depending on the time course of the reaction, three clinical groups were identified: anaphylaxis and @entity2021 (immediate reaction); maculopapular @entity1910 (late reaction) as well as @entity110 (immediate and late reaction).

title: Clinical presentation and time course in XXXX to beta-lactams.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria', 'urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylactic shock', 'anaphylactic shock']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Until now, the basic matrix-producing cell type responsible for @entity788 @entity82 has not been identified. In this report, @entity554 -containing pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in @entity35 and @entity1 @entity788 are described, and morphological and biochemical similarities to hepatic stellate cells are shown. METHODS: Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy (collagen types I and III, fibronectin, laminin, @entity2283 ) was performed using pancreatic tissue and cultured PSCs. Extracellular matrix synthesis was shown using quantitative immunoassay and Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: PSCs are located in interlobular areas and in interacinar regions. Early primary cultured PSCs contain @entity904 and fatty acid @entity15994 . Addition of @entity904 to passaged cells resulted in @entity904 uptake and esterification. During primary culture, the cells changed from a quiescent fat-storing phenotype to a highly synthetic myofibroblast-like cell expressing iso-alpha-smooth muscle actin (>90%) and @entity2283 (20%-40%) and showing strong positive staining with antibodies to collagen types I and III, fibronectin, and laminin. As determined on protein and messenger RNA level, serum growth factors stimulated the synthesis of collagen type I and fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of PSCs, particularly in fibrotic areas, and the similarities of these cells to hepatic stellate cells suggest that PSCs participate in the development of @entity788 @entity82 .

title: Identification, culture, and characterization of pancreatic stellate cells in @entity35 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2283 :: ('1674', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-actin, and desmin', 'desmin']

entities_list: @entity15994 :: ('CHEBI:16179', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl-esters']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The conversion of stromal fibroblasts into contractile myofibroblasts is an essential feature of the wound-healing response that is mediated by @entity641 ( @entity641 ) and accompanied by transient activation of the vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin ( @entity3113 ) gene. Multiple positive-regulatory elements were identified as essential mediators of basal @entity3113 enhancer activity in @entity19 AKR-2B stromal fibroblasts. Three of these elements bind transcriptional activating proteins of known identity in fibroblasts. A fourth site, shown previously to be susceptible to single-strand modifying agents in myofibroblasts, was additionally required for enhancer response to @entity641 . However, @entity641 activation was not accompanied by a stoichiometric increase in protein binding to any known positive element in the @entity3113 enhancer. By using oligonucleotide affinity isolation, DNA-binding site competition, gel mobility shift assays, and protein overexpression in @entity22723 and COS7 cells, we demonstrate that the transcription factors @entity10591 and @entity39985 can stimulate @entity3113 enhancer activity. One of the sites that bind @entity62547 corresponds to the region of the @entity3113 enhancer required for @entity641 amplification. Additionally, the @entity641 receptor-regulated Smad proteins, in particular @entity3078 , are rate-limiting for @entity3113 enhancer activation. Whereas Smad proteins collaborate with @entity10591 in activating several stromal cell-associated promoters, they appear to operate independently from the @entity62547 proteins in activating the @entity3113 enhancer. The identification of Sp and Smad proteins as essential, independent activators of the @entity3113 enhancer provides new insight into the poorly understood process of myofibroblast differentiation.

title: Vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene transcription during myofibroblast differentiation requires XXXX protein binding proximal to the MCAT enhancer.

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

answer: @entity62547 :: (20683;20687,Gene) :: ['Sp1/3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between @entity1282 and @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in older adults residing in an independent-living facility in Korea. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Seongnam, Korea. @entity1 : Korean @entity1 and @entity1 aged 65 and older living in a typical South Korean city (n = 415) were enrolled in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1282 was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity195 Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, digit span test, and lexical fluency test. @entity73 was diagnosed using operational diagnostic criteria and further classified into amnestic and @entity73 . RESULTS: @entity1 with nonanmestic @entity73 had a greater likelihood of having @entity1282 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-12.72) than @entity1 without @entity73 . @entity1 with nonanmestic @entity73 were almost six times as likely to have @entity1282 (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.15-29.27) as @entity1 with no @entity16 after adjusting for age, education level, current smoking and drinking, @entity6 , and @entity2204 carrier status. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity73 were more likely to have @entity1282 than were their counterparts without @entity73 , whereas this difference was not found in @entity1 with @entity73 and @entity1 . Assessment of executive functions that interfere with planning of motor activities may be useful in predicting @entity1282 and in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for older @entity1 .

title: Relationship between @entity1282 and XXXX in a community-based elderly cohort: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E-4']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['nonamnestic MCI', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parboiled germinated brown @entity579 (PGBR) has been suggested as a functional food because it is relatively rich in a number of nutrients and health promoting compounds. Here we compared the bioaccessibility of several of the bioactive compounds in cooked PGBR and brown @entity579 (BR) by simulating oral, gastric and small intestinal digestion. The uptake and retention of bioactive compounds from a bioaccessible fraction also was determined using Caco-2 @entity1 intestinal cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of the bioaccessible fraction from digested BR and PGBR was then assessed with Caco-2 cells that were activated with H2O2 + @entity1356 . PGBR had a higher content of GABA, y-oryzanol, y-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than BR. The amounts of these compounds transferred to the aqueous fraction during digestion and the quantities accumulated by Caco-2 cells were proportional to those in cooked PGBR and BR. The anti-inflammatory activity of the bioaccessible fraction from digested BR and PGBR was then assessed for Caco-2 cells that were activated with H2O2 + @entity1356 . Pre-treatment of the cells with the bioaccessible fractions from PGBR and BR suppressed the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 and the ROS content in activated cells. Inhibitory activities were attenuated to a greater extent after cells had been pre-exposed to the bioaccessible fraction from digested PGBR compared to BR. These results suggest that digested PGBR contains and delivers greater amounts of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity to absorptive epithelial cells than digested BR.

title: A bioaccessible fraction of parboiled germinated brown XXXX exhibits a higher anti-inflammatory activity than that of brown @entity579 .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Regulation of intracellular protein stability by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome system plays a crucial role in cell function. @entity13975 (haem oxygenase) is a stress response protein, which confers cytoprotection against oxidative injury and provides a vital function in maintaining tissue homoeostasis. In the present study, we found a novel action of proteasome inhibitors @entity16626 and @entity54139 on @entity13975 induction, and characterized the underlying mechanisms. @entity16626 (> or =0.1 microM) treatment resulted in a marked time- and concentration-dependent induction of the steady-state level of @entity13975 mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages, followed by a corresponding increase in @entity13975 protein. @entity4316 and @entity1880 inhibited @entity16626 -responsive @entity13975 protein expression, indicating a requirement for transcription and de novo protein synthesis. The involvement of signal pathways in @entity16626 -induced @entity13975 gene expression was examined using chemical inhibitors. Antioxidant @entity898 and @entity1441 , an antioxidant and inhibitor of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), abolished @entity16626 -inducible @entity13975 expression. Furthermore, @entity16626 activated the p38 MAPK pathway. The half-life of @entity13975 protein was prolonged by @entity16626 , indicating that the upregulation of @entity13975 by proteasome inhibitor is partially attributable to the inhibition of protein degradation. @entity16626 can ablate @entity4284 degradation and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) activation induced by lipopolysaccharide, similar to the effect of another @entity2451 inhibitor @entity13373 . We found @entity13975 upregulation by @entity16626 and @entity13373 is unrelated to their inhibition of @entity2451 , since @entity18421 , another @entity2451 inhibitor, did not elicit similar induction of @entity13975 . Taken together, we found a novel effect of proteasome inhibitor on induction of @entity13975 expression. This action is ascribed to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, but is not dependent on @entity2451 inhibition.

title: Proteasome inhibitors up-regulate haem oxygenase-1 gene expression: requirement of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activation but not of XXXX ( @entity2451 ) inhibition.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N -acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity18421 :: ('MESH:C038753', 'Chemical') :: ['leptomycin B']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Removal of the @entity75 with a clear operative margin is the standard treatment for @entity674 ( @entity674 ) of the @entity1819 . However, there are few reports on the operative indications for relatively small @entity674 . METHODS: Clinicopathologic features and survival data of all 60 @entity1 with @entity674 treated at Keio University Hospital from 1993 to 2004 were analyzed. Laparoscopic wedge resection was used as the primary procedure for @entity5 between 2 to 5 cm. @entity5 larger than 5 cm were resected by laparotomy or laparoscopy-assisted operation. RESULTS: Thirty-five lesions (58.3%) were resected by laparoscopic wedge resection, 3 by laparoscopic operation with a small skin incision and 22 by conventional open procedures. The mean size of the @entity5 was 42.5 mm, with a range of 18 to 150 mm and a median value of 35.5 mm. All operative margins were clear, but 1 @entity1 had liver metastases at the time of resection of the @entity75 . The median follow-up period was 53 months and the 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 96.1%. No local recurrence or distant @entity3 was encountered in @entity1 with @entity5 smaller than 4 cm. A statistically significant correlation was observed between @entity5 size and mitotic count in this cohort (P = .010). @entity5 from the intermediate- (n = 14) and high-risk (n = 10) groups as classified by the Risk Assessment Classification showed significantly worse DFS than the low-risk and very low risk group (n = 35) (89.9% vs 100% in 5-year DFS, P = .045). Even among @entity5 smaller than 3 cm, 2 of 14 cases (14.3%) were classified into the intermediate-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Although a prospective randomized trial remains to be performed, this study provides additional evidence suggesting that the early removal of @entity674 , at 5 cm or less in size, provides better DFS than later removal of the @entity5 at a larger size.

title: Operative indications for relatively small (2-5 cm) XXXX of the @entity1819 based on analysis of 60 operated cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST of the stomach', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fear of falling may be related to falling during @entity64 onset. The Fall Efficacy ScaleInternational (FES-I) with excellent psychometric properties, is an instrument developed to assess @entity1 ' concerns about fallings. The aim of this study was to determine validation of this scale in Iranian @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the FES-I from English to Persian. One hundred-twenty @entity1 who had suffered @entity64 , aged 40 to 80 years (55% male) completed the Persian FES-I, Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed up and Go (TUG) questionnaires. The interval time for the test-retest of the Persian scale was 7-14 days. RESULTS: The test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities of the Persian FES-I were excellent (ICC2,1=0.98, p<0.001) and the internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.78). Factor analysis of the 16 items in the Persian scale showed only one significant factor. The total Persian FES-I score had a significantly negative correlation (p<0.001) with the BBS, but it had significantly positive correlation with the TUG, GHQ-28, and GDS-15. The difference in responsiveness scores across fallers and non-fallers yielded a large effect size (0.46), which indicated a good discriminating validity. CONCLUSION: The Persian FES-I proved to be an effective and valuable measurement tool to assess @entity64 @entity1 ' fear of falling in practice and research setting.

title: Clinical assessment of fear of falling after XXXX : validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Persian version of the Fall Efficacy Scale-International.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of biochemical antenatal screening for @entity1467 in a socioeconomically deprived area with a high proportion of Asian @entity1 from the Indian Subcontinent. DESIGN: Audit of @entity1467 biochemical screening service over a four-year period. SETTING: Teaching hospital and community antenatal clinic in inner city Birmingham. POPULATION: @entity1 booked between October 1992 and December 1996. METHODS: Blood for screening was collected between 14 and 21 weeks gestation, @entity160 and intact @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin were measured in serum and the risk of @entity1467 was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uptakes of screening and amniocentesis, screen positive rate, odds of being affected given a positive result, miscarriages associated with amniocentesis offered following a high risk result, detection rate, number of Down's cases prevented and a cost analysis. Outcome measures were compared between Asians and Caucasians. RESULTS: Overall 11,974 @entity1 (71%) accepted serum screening. The screen positive rate was 8.3% in Asians and 5.0% in Caucasians. The uptake of amniocentesis in @entity1 following a high risk result was 54% overall (35% Asian, 67% Caucasian). Nineteen cases of @entity1467 were identified, of which 13 occurred in @entity1 who opted for biochemical screening. The detection rate of the biochemical screening programme was 85% (11/13). Of these 11 cases, six (none of whom were Asian) elected to have an amniocentesis, of whom four thereafter had a termination. CONCLUSION: In this study the public health benefits of screening for @entity1467 in a socioeconomically deprived area with a high Asian population, were small.

title: The value of screening for XXXX in a socioeconomically deprived area with a high ethnic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the current and lifetime prevalence of @entity146 among @entity1 of currently depressed mothers and to assess the association of clinical features of maternal @entity308 (i.e., severity, chronicity, and clinical features) with @entity1 psychopathology. Mothers were @entity1 in the @entity624 *D (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve @entity308 ) multisite trial, designed to compare effectiveness and acceptability of different treatment options for outpatients with non-psychotic @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHOD: Treatment-seeking mothers with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity308 and with at least 1 @entity1 7 to 17 years old were assessed during a @entity308 ( @entity308 ). For each mother, 1 @entity1 was assessed (if a mother had more than 1 @entity1 , 1 was randomly selected). Maternal features assessed for this study were history of MDEs, severity of current @entity308 , comorbid conditions, @entity308 symptom features, and social functioning. @entity1 were assessed for selected psychiatric diagnoses (Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-Age @entity1 -Present and Lifetime Version [K-SADS-PL]), @entity1109 and social functioning ( @entity1 Behavior Checklist), and global functioning ( @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale). Data were gathered from December 2001 to April 2004. RESULTS: A large proportion (72%) of mothers were severely depressed (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 score >/= 22). About a third (34%) of @entity1 had a current @entity146 , including disruptive behavior (22%), @entity148 (16%), and @entity308 (10%) disorders. Nearly half (45%) had a lifetime @entity146 , including disruptive behavior (29%), @entity148 (20%), and @entity308 (19%) disorders. Atypical @entity308 features in the mother were associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of having a @entity1 with @entity308 (OR = 3.3 [95% CI = 1.2 to 9.5]; p = .02) or @entity148 (OR = 2.6 [95% CI = 1.1 to 6.9]; p = .03) disorders. A history of maternal suicide attempts and the presence of comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 were associated with a 3-fold increase and an 8-fold increase in the odds of @entity308 in the offspring, respectively. The final model showed significant associations (p </= .05) between the following characteristics of maternal @entity308 : maternal comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 and offspring @entity308 , @entity308 and offspring @entity952 and any disorder, and maternal substance use @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 of mothers in the midst of a current @entity308 are at high risk for disruptive behavior and @entity148 . The elevated risk of psychopathology among @entity1 of depressed mothers may recommend assessment of these @entity1 when clinically suggested. @entity1 of depressed mothers with comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 are at high risk for @entity308 and deserve special attention from clinicians.

title: XXXX of currently depressed mothers: a @entity624 *D ancillary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Child', 'child', 'participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression and offspring disorders', 'major depressive disorder', 'major depressive episode', 'MDE', 'depressive disorders', 'maternal irritable depression', 'depression', 'MDD', 'depressive and anxiety disorders', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders and any disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive behavior disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 88 @entity1 who underwent a total of 95 in-situ bypass operations. Seventy-eight percent were @entity6 , 56% @entity101 , 23% had a history of a @entity583 , 18% a previous @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, and 19% a renal transplant. Eighty-eight percent had general anesthesia. Eighty-four percent of the operations extended distal to the popliteal trifurcation, with an average operating time of 5.12 +/- 1.25 hours and @entity190 of 354 +/- 239 ml. The overall mortality was 4.2%, with two deaths due to wound @entity295 and two deaths due to @entity712 . The perioperative @entity583 rate was 6.3%. The average age of the @entity1 who died was significantly greater than the age of those who survived (78.2 +/- 17.7 years vs. 59.9 +/- 14.8 years, p less than 0.05). The Goldman risk index was not helpful in predicting @entity299 . The results show that @entity1 undergoing in-situ bypass operations are at high risk for @entity65 . Aggressive perioperative evaluation and management similar to that shown to reduce such complications in @entity1028 surgery should be helpful.

title: Complications and mortality of the in-situ saphenous vein bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower extremity ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) uses the 11-point @entity158 @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) to gather @entity158 intensity information from veterans at outpatient appointments. Yet, little is known about how @entity1168 scores may vary over time within individuals; @entity1168 variability may have important ramifications for treatment planning. Our main objective was to describe variability in @entity1168 scores within a 1-month timeframe, as obtained during routine outpatient care in older @entity1 with @entity1118 treated in VA hospitals. A secondary objective was to explore for @entity1 characteristics associated with within-month @entity1168 score variability. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: National sample of veterans 65 years or older seen in VA in 2010 who had multiple elevated @entity1168 scores indicating @entity1118 . METHODS: VA datasets were used to identify the sample and demographic and clinical variables including @entity1168 scores. For the main analysis, we identified subjects with two or more @entity1168 scores obtained in each of two or more months in a 12-month period; we examined ranges in @entity1168 scores across the first two qualifying months. RESULTS: Among 4,336 individuals in the main analysis cohort, the mean and median of the average @entity1168 score range across the 2 months were 2.7 and 2.5, respectively. In multivariable models, main significant predictors of within-month @entity1168 score variability were baseline @entity158 intensity, overall medical comorbidity, and being divorced/separated. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 in the sample had clinically meaningful variation in @entity158 scores within a given month. This finding highlights the need for clinicians and their @entity1 to consider multiple @entity1168 scores when making @entity1118 treatment decisions.

title: Short-term variability in outpatient XXXX intensity scores in a national sample of older veterans with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['NRS', 'numeric rating scale']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The tailored approach to @entity674 ( @entity674 ) has led to better prognosis for these types of @entity5 . Also, finding out @entity677 's pathology has led to a better understanding of oncogenesis and @entity5 therapy in general. The rapid expansion of molecular and pathological knowledge of @entity674 has given this disease a promising future. We analyze 30 cases of @entity674 operated on in our clinic with confirmed diagnosis by immunohistochemistry. Most of the cases were acute cases that required urgent surgical therapy. An extended analysis of these cases is performed in order to underline their special features. We recorded 17 @entity674 of the stomach, 12 @entity674 of the small bowel and one esophageal @entity677 . Of the 30 cases, 15 cases required urgent surgery presenting with @entity548 or shock following intraperitoneal @entity397 and @entity548 or @entity1321 . Of the 15 cases that required urgent surgery 12 cases presented with serosal involvement. Twenty-four cases presented spindle cell histology, four cases were epithelioid and two cases presented mixed cellularity. Although acute presentation of @entity674 is not the rule, 15 of 30 of our cases required immediate surgery and a high proportion of them (12/15) presented with serosal involvement. Serosal involvement may warrant the need for a macroscopic classification of @entity674 and correlation to therapy. While overall mortality was not high in our series, morbidity is affected by acute presentation, though not specifically pertaining to the diagnosis of @entity677 . Acute presentations were more frequent, in our series, for small bowel @entity674 , compared to gastric @entity674 . Serosal involvement was more frequent in the group with acute presentation compared with non-acute @entity674 and was present at the most cases of small bowel @entity674 with acute onset. The Ki-67 index showed no difference between acute and non-acute onset of @entity674 .

title: A histopathological and immunohistochemical approach of surgical emergencies of XXXX . An interdisciplinary study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: The potential reproductive @entity137 of the fungicide and anthelmintic @entity18884 ( @entity18885 ) was assessed in @entity35 for two generations. Doses of 10, 30 or 90 mg/kg/day were administered by way of the diet beginning at 8 wk of age for the F0 generation and postnatal wk 4 for the F1 generation and continuing until the animals were killed. Concentrations of @entity18885 in the diet were adjusted weekly, except during the gestation and lactation intervals when concentrations were held constant. There were no @entity18885 -related @entity204 or adverse physical signs during the study. @entity18885 -related effects consisted of decreases in average body weight gains and food consumption in the middle and high dose groups. In both the F0 and F1 generations during the premating and post-cohabitation periods, the effects in the middle-dose group were observed only in males and were generally slight in magnitude (food consumption 3-5% below control, @entity1017 7-18% below control), whereas the effects in the high dose group occurred in both sexes and were slight to moderate in magnitude (food consumption 9-13% below control, @entity1017 13-46% below control). During gestation of the F0 females there were slight decreases in average @entity1017 and food consumption (8% and 4-16% below control, respectively); a similar effect on food consumption, but not @entity1017 , occurred in the F1 generation. There were no effects on F0 or F1 reproductive performance (including indices of mating, fecundity, fertility, length of gestation, litter size, birth weight, and post-implantation survival), nor were any histomorphological changes observed in the reproductive tissues of animals in the high dose group. There was no evidence of developmental @entity137 in the @entity18885 -exposed F1 or F2 generations, except for slight decreases in average pup weights between postnatal days 4 and 21 in the high dose group (5-10% below control). The NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) for all developmental, growth, survival and reproductive performance parameters assessed in this study was 10 mg/kg/day.

title: Dietary two-generation reproduction study of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity18884 :: (MESH:D013827,Chemical) :: ['thiabendazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pemphigus is a severe @entity792 affecting the skin and mucosa. Mortality is high in the absence of treatment. Nowadays, treatment is based mainly on corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs; however, because of the rarity of the disease worldwide, there is not yet a standard treatment based on randomized controlled trials, and the treatment used is based mainly on the experience of experts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 4 treatment regimens for @entity7271 : @entity617 alone, @entity617 plus @entity500 , @entity617 plus @entity618 , and @entity617 plus intravenous @entity786 pulse therapy. METHODS: One hundred twenty new cases of @entity7271 were enrolled. These @entity1 were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatment groups (each comprising 30 @entity1 ) and received @entity617 (P), @entity617 and @entity500 (P/A), @entity617 and @entity618 (P/MM), and @entity617 and intravenous @entity786 pulse therapy (P/PC). They were followed up for 1 year at the Pemphigus Research Unit. RESULTS: In groups P, P/A, P/MM, and P/PC, 23 (76.5%), 24 (80%), 21 (70%), and 22 (73.3%) of the @entity1 , respectively, followed the regimen for the full 1-year period. The mean total dose of @entity617 administered in groups P, P/A, P/MM, and P/PC was 11631 mg (standard deviation [SD] = 7742), 7712 mg (SD = 955), 9798 mg (SD = 3995), and 8276 mg (SD = 810), respectively. The mean total dose of @entity617 in group P ( @entity617 alone) was 11,631 mg, The mean total dose of @entity617 in the 3 cytotoxic groups was 8652 mg. By using analysis of variance, the difference was statistically significant (P = .047). In the cytotoxic groups, there was a significant difference between the P/A and P/MM groups (P = .007), but not between P/A and P/PC (P = .971), and P/MM and P/PC (P = .670). Side effects were not significantly different among the 4 groups. LIMITATIONS: Larger sample sizes and blind design are suggested for future studies. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of @entity617 is enhanced when it is combined with a cytotoxic drug. The most efficacious cytotoxic drug to reduce @entity134 was found to be @entity500 , followed by @entity786 (pulse therapy), and @entity618 .

title: Randomized controlled open-label trial of four treatment regimens for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune blistering disease']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the hybrid ultrathin-strut @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) with biodegradable polymer compared with the thin-strut everolimus-eluting stent (EES) with durable polymer in successfully recanalized chronic total occlusions (CTOs). BACKGROUND: The introduction of drug-eluting stents revolutionized the treatment of CTOs. However, limited data are available on new-generation drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymer in CTOs. METHODS: In this multicenter trial, @entity1 were randomized, after successful CTO recanalization, to either SES or EES. The primary noninferiority endpoint was in-segment late lumen loss (noninferiority margin 0.2 mm). Secondary endpoints included in-stent late lumen loss and clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Overall, 330 @entity1 were included. At 9 months, angiography was available in 281 @entity1 (85%). Duration of occlusion  >= 3 months was 92.5%, with mean stent length of 52.4    28.1 mm versus 52.3    26.5 mm in the SES and EES groups. The primary noninferiority endpoint, in-segment late lumen loss, was not met for SES versus EES (0.13    0.63 mm vs. 0.02    0.47 mm; p  = 0.08, 2-sided; difference 0.11 mm; 95% confidence interval:  -0.01 to 0.25 mm; pnoninferiority  = 0.11, 1-sided). In-stent late lumen loss was comparable between SES and EES (0.12    0.59 mm vs. 0.07      0.46 mm; p  = 0.52). The incidence of in-stent and in-segment binary restenosis was significantly higher with SES compared with EES (8.0% vs. 2.1%; p  = 0.028), with comparable rates of reocclusions (2.2% vs. 1.4%; p  = 0.68). Clinically indicated @entity75 and target vessel revascularization (9.2% vs. 4.0% [p  = 0.08] and 9.2% vs. 6.0% [p  =  0.33]), target vessel failure (9.9% vs. 6.6%; p  = 0.35), and definite or probable stent @entity715 (0.7% vs. 0.7%; p  = 1.00) were comparable between the SES and EES groups. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial failed to show noninferiority of hybrid SES relative to EES in terms of in-segment late lumen loss in successfully recanalized CTOs. Furthermore, a statistically significantly higher rate of binary restenosis was found with SES.

title: Randomized Multicenter Trial Investigating  Angiographic Outcomes of  Hybrid XXXX -Eluting Stents With  Biodegradable Polymer Compared With  Everolimus-Eluting Stents With Durable  Polymer in Chronic Total Occlusions: The PRISON IV Trial.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: Lowering the blood pressure (BP) during the acute period following @entity385 is still a controversial treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of postischemic treatment using the @entity11154 blocker, @entity1564 , on @entity75 in focal @entity2806 . Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 underwent transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 h. @entity1564 (0.1, 1 and 10 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle was administered orally 3 and 24 h after @entity63 . Blood pressure and neurological function were monitored, and @entity1188 volume was evaluated 48 h after occlusion. Cerebral blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry before and after treatment with @entity1564 . Activation of Rho-kinase in cerebral microvessels was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Systolic blood pressure was markedly lowered with both moderate and high doses, but it did not fall with a low dose of @entity1564 . The @entity1188 volume was reduced in @entity35 treated with the low dose of @entity1564 but not in those treated with the moderate or high doses. Cerebral blood flow decreased in parallel with the reduction in BP 3 h after treatment using the moderate dose, but it did not change after treatment with the low dose of @entity1564 , compared with vehicle. Rho-kinase was activated in the brain vessels of the ischemic cortex, but treatment with @entity1564 suppressed it. Our results show that oral administration of @entity1564 after transient focal @entity63 reduced @entity1188 volume at doses that showed little effect on BP. The neurovascular protective effects of @entity1564 may be caused by the inhibition of Rho-kinase in brain microvessels.

title: Postischemic administration of XXXX blocker reduces cerebral infarction size in @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity11154 :: (81638(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']


abstract: An apparent discrepancy exists between the remarkable language competence of the isolated right cerebral hemisphere in some split-brain @entity1 and the lack of language competence in some aphasic @entity1 in whom only the left cerebral hemisphere has been damaged. This has led to a revival of the idea that the dominant cerebral hemisphere inhibits the potential functioning of its partner. We tested this model of interhemispheric inhibition in four @entity1 with unilateral limbic @entity410 (three left-sided, one right-sided). While @entity410 activity was monitored with bilaterally implanted stereotactic EEG depth electrodes or bilateral foramen ovale EEG electrodes, the @entity1 were tested in lateralized hemisphere-specific tachistoscopic recognition experiments. In two @entity1 performance was correlated with the electrical pattern during prolonged unilateral subclinical limbic @entity159 , and in two @entity1 performance and intracranial electrical activity were compared before, immediately after and during the recovery phase of left limbic complex partial @entity410 with @entity2026 . Three main findings were obtained. (i) Focal unilateral limbic @entity410 activity in the depth interferes with cognitive functions, even when unnoticed clinically or undetectable on the surface EEG, provided that epileptiform EEG activity lasts for several seconds. (ii) This interference is specific to the cognitive functions associated with the 'dominant' processing of the discharging hemisphere. (iii) @entity410 -induced impairment of the 'dominant' functions of the discharging hemisphere is associated with improvement of performance of the same function by the other hemisphere. Although each @entity1 's clinical and experimental situation differed, the converging results support the hypothesis of hemispheric interaction based upon functional inhibition for verbal processing in @entity1 with a left hemispheric focus. The reverse situation, namely facial processing in a single case with a right hemisphere focus, remains inconclusive.

title: The dynamics of cerebral dominance during unilateral limbic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['postictal aphasia']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with major @entity174 (Trunkey's classification types I and II) treated in an urban Level I @entity130 Center were analysed to assess the role of peritoneal lavage and urological studies in the initial evaluation. The mechanisms of injury were automobile v. pedestrian (44 per cent), falls from heights (44 per cent), and motor vehicular accidents (12 per cent). Important @entity551 was present in 46 per cent of @entity1 on arrival. Peritoneal tap or lavage was selectively used in 11 @entity1 (22 per cent). Four @entity1 in refractory @entity551 despite vigorous resuscitation had positive results. There were no false-positive results or missed intra-abdominal injuries in any of the 50 @entity1 . Laparotomy was carried out in 10 of 50 @entity1 . IVP or cystography was performed in 25 of 50 @entity1 . However, injuries of the urinary tract requiring operative correction (eight injuries in six @entity1 ) were all associated with gross haematuria. Urological studies were negative in @entity1 with 1 to 3+ microscopic haematuria. Peritoneal lavage is recommended on a selective basis in @entity1 with @entity174 . Microscopic haematuria does not warrant contrast studies of the urinary tract.

title: The use of peritoneal lavage and urological studies in major XXXX --a reassessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures', 'fractures of the pelvis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures of the pelvis']


abstract: Plant genes that contain the G-box in their promoters are responsive to a variety of environmental stimuli. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data revealed that the G-box element is significantly enriched in promoters of high light-responsive genes. From nuclear extracts of high light-treated @entity958 plants, we identified the @entity61697 transcription factor as a component binding to the G-box-containing promoter fragment of @entity61698 ( @entity61698 ). @entity61697 belongs to the G-group of @entity958 basic region @entity368 zipper (bZIP) type transcription factors. Although @entity61697 and its close homologues @entity61699 and @entity61700 bind the G-box, they do not bind the mutated half-sites of the G-box palindrome. In addition, @entity61697 interacts with @entity61699 and @entity61700 in the yeast two-hybrid system. A conserved @entity2569 residue was shown to be necessary for redox regulation and enhancement of DNA binding activity in all three proteins. Furthermore, transgenic @entity958 lines overexpressing the wild type version of @entity61697 and T-DNA insertion mutants for @entity61699 and @entity61700 demonstrated impaired regulation of @entity61698 expression. Finally, overexpression lines for the mutated @entity2569 variant of @entity61697 provided support for the biological significance of @entity2569 (330) in redox regulation of gene expression. Thus, our results suggest that environmentally induced changes in the redox state regulate the activity of members of the G-group of bZIP transcription factors.

title: Redox-mediated mechanisms regulate DNA binding activity of the G-group of basic region XXXX zipper (bZIP) transcription factors in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity61698 :: ('822391(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['LHCB2.4', 'light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein2.4']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifelong surveillance is considered mandatory after endovascular repair (EVAR) of @entity1028 to detect endograft complications and prevent @entity1756 . Current protocols are not cost-effective or clinically effective. The international validity of the St George's Vascular Institute (SGVI) score for EVAR complications was examined. METHODS: The ENGAGE registry recruited @entity1 undergoing EVAR at 79 centres in 30 countries. Reinterventions and endograft complications were recorded for up to 3   years after surgery. Preoperative @entity439 morphology was extracted from the registry database, and used to predict whether @entity1 would be at low or high risk of complications after EVAR based on the SGVI score. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the incidence of endograft complications and reinterventions in @entity1 predicted to be at low risk compared with those predicted to be at high risk. RESULTS: Some 1207 @entity1 underwent EVAR, with follow-up of up to 3   years. The SGVI score accurately discriminated freedom from reinterventions (90  5 versus 79  3 per cent in low- versus high-risk @entity1 ; P   <   0  001), freedom from endograft complications (77  9 versus 69  6 per cent in low- versus high-risk @entity1 ; P   =   0  012), and freedom from a composite outcome measure of reinterventions or endograft complications (75  0 versus 66  1 per cent in low- versus high-risk @entity1 ; P   =   0  006) during mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study has provided international validation of a morphological risk score that predicts mid-term reinterventions and endograft complications. The results may enable risk-stratified surveillance after EVAR.

title: International validation of a risk score for complications and reinterventions after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of @entity35 (BM) against toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the male gonads of experimental @entity35 . METHODS: The experimental animals were exposed to lead in the form of @entity16922 ( @entity16922 ) one quarter of the LD50. The efficacy of MSCs to reduce gonado-totoxicity induced by @entity16922 at 21, 30 and 60  days, was evaluated experimentally in male @entity35 . RESULTS: The results showed that testosterone levels and semen quality ameliorated following treatment with MSCs. Also, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and @entity12609 levels were increased 21, 30 and 60  days post treatment of MSCs. Moreover, a decrease in genomic DNA alteration and percentage of fragmented DNA was recorded after MSCs treatment. Lead nitrate caused @entity528 , @entity39 , @entity4 , and reduction in spermatogenic activity in some seminiferous tubules. The @entity16922 -induced changes in histopathologic findings of testis were partially reversed by treatment with MSCs. Histological examination of testis showed deformities in morphology of testis in test animals with gross damage within the seminiferous tubules in Lead nitrate group. The @entity16922 -induced changes in histopathologic findings of testis were partially reversed by treatment of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that lead is a gonadotoxic with a tendency of suppressing semen characteristics and testosterone levels of animals, the presence of MSCs was found to alleviate the toxic effects of lead. We conclude that MSCs derived from the bone marrow of @entity35 can be an effective therapy of @entity16922 induced @entity137 , thus can contribute to the treatment of @entity249 .

title: Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of XXXX in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['gonado toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity16922 :: ('MESH:D020265', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lead nitrate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: In order to search for a new therapy that would maximize the effect of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) in evoking antitumor immunity in vivo, the therapeutic effect of a combination of @entity1138 -C( @entity1139 )-treated @entity5 cells and recombinant @entity2047 was examined for its induction of antitumor activity against established @entity320 @entity3 . In C57BL/6 @entity19 intravenously (i.v.) injected with B16 @entity320 cells on day 0, the combined treatment with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity320 cells on day 6 and 2500 U @entity5041 (twice daily) on days 7 and 8 markedly reduced the number of pulmonary metastases. This antitumor activity was more effective than that in untreated controls and @entity19 that were injected with @entity1139 -treated @entity320 cells alone or @entity5041 alone. When the i.p. injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity5 cells was replaced by other @entity5 cells, antitumor activity against @entity320 was not induced. The antitumor activity induced by this treatment increased in parallel with an increase in the dose of @entity5041 injected. In contrast, an i.p. injection of soluble @entity5 -specific antigens alone could induce only a marginal level of antitumor activity, and this activity was not augmented by subsequent i.p. injections of @entity5041 . In vivo treatment with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not with anti- @entity1961 mAb or anti-asialo-GM1 antibody, abrogated the antitumor activity induced by this combined therapy. This suggests that the antitumor effect was dependent on CD8+ T cells. Lung-infiltrating lymphocytes from @entity19 that had been i.v. injected with @entity320 cells 11 days before and were treated with this combined therapy, showed @entity320 -specific cytolytic activity. This combined therapy also showed significant antitumor activity against subcutaneously inoculated @entity320 cells. These results demonstrate that the combined therapy of an i.p. injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity5 cells and subsequent and consecutive i.p. administration of @entity5041 increases antitumor activity against established @entity320 by generating @entity5 -specific CD8+ CTL in vivo.

title: Generation of @entity5 -specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by combined treatment with inactivated XXXX cells and recombinant @entity2047 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'syngeneic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-1 ( @entity47156 -1) and @entity47156 -2 are highly related @entity46337 proteins with distinctive C termini arising from alternative splicing of @entity47156 gene transcripts. @entity47156 -1 is expressed in photoreceptors where it functions as a regulator of transducin. In contrast, @entity47156 -2 is abundantly expressed in the brain, especially in basal ganglia, where its specific function remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the function of @entity47156 -2, we screened a @entity1 cDNA library for potential interacting proteins. This screen identified a strong interaction between @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2, suggesting a possible functional relationship between these proteins. Consistent with this idea, @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 coimmunoprecipitated after coexpression in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Furthermore, endogenous @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 could also be coimmunoprecipitated from extracts of @entity35 striatum, an area highly enriched in both these proteins. These results supported the idea that @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 could act in concert in central neurons. Like @entity8859 -2, @entity47156 -2 coimmunoprecipitated @entity143 receptors from striatal extracts, suggesting an interaction between @entity47156 -2, @entity8859 -2, and @entity143 receptors. Previous studies have shown that @entity8859 mediates @entity460 -dependent inactivation of @entity143 receptors. In HEK-293 cells expressing @entity143 receptors, expression of @entity47156 -2 significantly modulated this form of @entity143 receptor inactivation. Furthermore, this modulation showed remarkable preference for @entity143 receptor inactivation mediated by @entity8859 -2. Using a series of deletion constructs, we localized this effect to the @entity46337 domain of the protein. These results identify an unexpected functional interaction between @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 and suggest a potential novel role for @entity47156 -2 in the regulation of @entity143 receptor function.

title: Brain-specific regulator of G-protein signaling 9-2 selectively interacts with XXXX -2 to regulate @entity460 -dependent inactivation of @entity143 receptors.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity8859 :: (87,Gene) :: ['alpha-actinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When an infection is suspected in a @entity1 with @entity5 and a central venous line (CVL), cultures are often only obtained from the CVL and not from a peripheral vein (PV). This study was undertaken to evaluate the importance of concomitant blood cultures from the CVL and a PV. PROCEDURE: Clinical data and the results of all cultures taken concomitantly from the CVL and a PV were registered prospectively in @entity1 admitted with @entity221 from April 2008 to December 2012 at the Department of Pediatrics at Aarhus University Hospital Skejby. RESULTS: During the study period 654 paired cultures obtained from the CVL and from a PV within two hour of each other were included. A true @entity281 ( @entity281 ) was registered in 112 episodes. In 20 (17%) out of 112, true @entity281 growth of a microorganism was detected only in the culture from a PV including seven cases of @entity526 and three cases of @entity794 . In 52 episodes the same microorganism was cultured from both the CVL and a PV. Twenty-four of these episodes were classified as catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) using differential time to positivity. In total, 64 (57%) of all true @entity281 were defined as CRBSI. CONCLUSIONS: Blood cultures should be obtained from a PV in addition to cultures from CVL at the onset of @entity221 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5 in order to maximize the findings of true BSIs. The frequency of CRBSI may be over-estimated if blood cultures are drawn from CVL only. Pediatr @entity5    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Importance of blood cultures from peripheral veins in pediatric XXXX with @entity5 and a central venous line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'BSI']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic contribution of the computed tomography (CT) enema and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for multifocal ( @entity75 affecting the same segment) and multicentric ( @entity75 affecting several digestive segments) bowel @entity46 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). @entity1 : Eighty-five @entity1 . SETTING: Tenon University Hospital, Paris, France. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 received a preoperative CT enema and underwent MRI interpreted by 2 radiologists. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 underwent colorectal resection for @entity14 from February 2009 to November 2012. Nineteen @entity1 (22%) had @entity75 , and 11 @entity1 (13%) had @entity75 . Six @entity1 (7%) had both multifocal and @entity75 . The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) of MRI for the diagnosis of @entity75 were 0.58, 0.84, 3.55, and 0.5, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative LRs of the CT enema for the diagnosis of @entity75 were 0.64, 0.86, 4.56, and 0.4, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive LR of MRI for the diagnosis of @entity75 were 1, 0.88, and 8.4, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative LRs of MRI for the diagnosis of @entity75 were 0.46, 0.92, 5.6, and 0.59, respectively. No difference was observed between MRI and the CT enema for the diagnosis of multifocal and multicentric @entity14 . The interobserver agreement was good for MRI and the CT enema (k  =  0.45 and 0.45) for multifocality, and it was poor for both MRI and the CT enema (k  =  0.32 and 0.34) for multicentricity. CONCLUSIONS: Both MRI and the CT enema were able to diagnose multifocal and @entity46 with similar accuracy.

title: Contribution of Computed Tomography Enema and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Multifocal and Multicentric Bowel Lesions in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions', 'multiple lesions', 'multicentric lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric bowel endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal endometriosis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) plus narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy in treatment of chronic @entity1569 has been rarely assessed. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of @entity6822 /NBUVB phototherapy versus @entity6822 monotherapy in treatment of chronic @entity1569 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1569 were enrolled into the study and classified into group A receiving oral @entity6822 and group B receiving oral @entity6822 plus NBUVB. Onset of improvement was  <=70% of baseline PASI. End point clearance was 90 % reduction in PASI or up to 6 months. Side effects were reported. Follow up for 12 weeks for assessment of relapse was done. RESULTS: Of 40 @entity1 , 35 completed the study. A higher clearance rate was achieved in @entity1 of group B versus group A (100% versus 83%). A significant difference was reported regarding the onset of improvement and the duration required for clearance (p   <   0.001) in favor of the @entity6822 /NBUVB group. @entity1 in group B had a highly significant lower cumulative dose of @entity6822 than the monotherapy group (p   <   0.05). No significant difference as regard side effects and relapse was reported. CONCLUSION: @entity6822 remains the mainstay in the treatment of @entity1569 in developing countries and its combination with NBUVB offers a cheap and a beneficial therapeutic option.

title: Combination therapy of XXXX plus NBUVB phototherapy is more effective than @entity1499 monotherapy in the treatment of chronic @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1 reproductive system is a suitable environment for growth of various pathogen and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteria which cause @entity281 . The complications caused by these bacteria may lead to @entity249 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was detection of genital @entity5940 , Ureaplasmaurealyticum and @entity29028 genitalium among @entity249 females who referred to the @entity249 clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity249 @entity1 (in reproductive age) who referred to @entity249 clinics in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran, from February to May 2013 were selected for this study. Cervical swabs were collected from all @entity1 . The presence of genital Mycoplasmas was detected by multiplex-PCR. All data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Out of 104 @entity1 , 39 cases (37.5%) were infected with @entity12726 . Mycuplasma. genitalium and M. homimis were detected in 3 (2.9%) of the @entity249 @entity1 . @entity325 was seen in 3.8% of the @entity1 . There was no statistically the @entity281 and @entity1 age, educational levels, literacy, situation of employment, age of first significant sexual intercourse, history of abortion, type of @entity249 and @entity249 duration (p value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data showed a low percentage of infection for @entity29028 and @entity5940 in the studied @entity1 while the prevalence of @entity12726 was high. Despite having no symptoms of an ongoing acute @entity32 of the reproductive tract, many @entity1 may have @entity790 in the cervix. We concluded that multiplex PCR using a pair of primers is a useful and cost-effective method for diagnosis of @entity281 .

title: @entity281 among XXXX females by multiplex PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity29028 :: ('2097', 'Species') :: ['M. genitalium', 'Mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['female genital infections', 'infections', 'oligosymptomatic genital infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infection']

entities_list: @entity5940 :: ('2098', 'Species') :: ['M. hominis', 'Mycoplasma hominis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital mycoplasmas']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: @entity4096 is the most common cause of leg @entity1066 . Its incidence increases as the population ages. Managing @entity3179 involves treating the cause, optimizing local wound care, and addressing @entity1 -centered concerns. The cornerstone of the diagnosis of @entity4096 includes demonstrating @entity66 . The clinician must rule out significant coexisting @entity455 by performing a thorough clinical assessment and obtaining an ankle brachial pressure index. The most important aspect of treatment is resolving @entity4 through high compression therapy for those individuals with an ankle brachial pressure index greater than or equal to 0.8. Other components of successful @entity4096 management include increasing mobility and medical management. Selected @entity1 may respond to surgery, biologicals, adjunctive therapies, and lifestyle enhancements. Twelve recommendations are made incorporating current best clinical practices and expert opinion with available research. The approach to @entity66 is best accomplished through a multidisciplinary team that revolves around the active participation of @entity1 and their families. The authors' intent is to provide a practical, easy-to-follow guide to allow healthcare professionals to provide best clinical practices.

title: Best practices for the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous insufficiency', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: Longitudinal, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip data from 4187 mostly white, elderly @entity1 from the Study of @entity3604 were studied with a structural analysis program. Cross-sectional geometry and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were measured in narrow regions across the femoral neck and proximal shaft We hypothesized that altered skeletal load should stimulate adaptive increases or decreases in the section modulus (bending strength index) and that dimensional details would provide insight into @entity2100 . Weight change in the approximately 35 years between scan time points was used as the primary indicator of altered skeletal load. "Static" weight was defined as within 5% of baseline weight, whereas "gain" and 'loss" were those who gained or lost >5%, respectively. In addition, we used a frailty index to better identify those subjects undergoing changing in skeletal loading. Subjects were classified as frail if unable to rise from a chair five times without using arm support. Subjects who were both frail and lost weight (reduced loading) were compared with those who were not frail and either maintained weight (unchanged loading) or gained weight (increased loading). Sixty percent of subjects (n = 2,559) with unchanged loads lost @entity79 at the neck but not at the shaft, while section moduli increased slightly at both regions. Subjects with increasing load (n = 580) lost neck @entity79 but gained shaft @entity79 ; section moduli increased markedly at both locations. Those with declining skeletal loads (n = 105) showed the greatest loss of @entity79 at both neck and shaft; loss at the neck was caused by both increased loss of bone mass and greater subperiosteal expansion; loss in shaft @entity79 decline was only caused by greater loss of bone mass. This group also showed significant declines in section modulus at both sites. These results support the contention that mechanical homeostasis in the hip is evident in section moduli but not in bone mass or density. The adaptive response to declining skeletal loads, with greater rates of subperiosteal expansion and cortical thinning, may increase @entity2100 beyond that expected from the reduction in section modulus or bone mass alone.

title: Structural adaptation to changing skeletal load in the progression toward @entity2100 : the study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility', 'hip fragility']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To perform a national review of the incidence and treatment of primary @entity5 and to identify gaps in service provision and factors associated with survival. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics data for England between 1996 and 2011. METHODS: Information about age, sex, morbidity, provider trust, diagnostic delay, nature of hospital admission and treatment, and palliation-free survival were recorded. The relationship between variables and survival was explored with Cox regression. RESULTS: There were 874 @entity1 , giving an incidence of 0.9 per million. Mean age at diagnosis was 66    13, and there were 456 (52%) males. Mean presentation to diagnosis latency was 2.5    8 months, and 40% of @entity1 presented as emergency admissions. There were 19 cases of oesophageal involvement and 241 cases of bronchopulmonary involvement; and 188 @entity1 developed distant metastases. There were 60 curative resections (6.9%), which was the most significant predictor of palliation-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.23; 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.38). Other prognostic variables included age, sex, emergency admission, interventional bronchoscopy, chemotherapy, oesophageal involvement, and distant metastases. Ten-year palliation-free survival was 60.8% with curative resection and 19.5% overall. Eighty-six percent of @entity1 were treated in units that treated fewer than one @entity1 per year. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is under-recognized and under-treated. Early diagnosis, access to interventional bronchoscopy, and surgical treatment in specialist units may improve the survival of @entity1 with this condition.

title: Management and prognosis of primary XXXX : a national analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal cancer', 'Tracheal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tracheal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo data have shown that @entity554 treatment promotes an anti-inflammatory milieu with few adverse effects toward the gastrointestinal tract. The in vivo studies reported here further evaluate @entity554 effects in 2 @entity19 models of @entity29 . METHOD: Chronic dextran sulfate @entity1372 @entity1960 was induced in age- and weight-matched C57Bl/6 @entity19 by 4 cycles of dextran sulfate @entity1372 administration (6-8 animals/group). At cycle 4, animals were administered @entity10211 ( @entity10211 , 30 mg/kg) or vehicle (oral gavage) or @entity61029 (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) daily. @entity784 was induced in CB17 @entity915 @entity19 by transfer of naive CD4CD62L T cells and treated by transfer of regulatory CD4CD25 T cells (4-6 animals/group); isolated from BALB/c @entity19 after treatment with @entity10211 or vehicle, as above, for 2 weeks. Assessments included endoscopic and histological scores, @entity10873 activity, serum cytokines, and plasma @entity10211 levels. RESULTS: @entity554 -treated animals with @entity1960 showed comparable changes in @entity10873 activity, and endoscopic and histological scores, versus untreated animals with @entity1960 . Modest and comparable changes were seen in body weight and colon length in animals injected with naive T cells from @entity10211 -treated donors versus those injected with T cells from vehicle-treated donors. @entity554 treatment was consistently associated with lower interleukin-12 levels, which, after the transfer of naive T cells from @entity10211 -treated donors, supported @entity10211 -mediated predisposition of naive T cells toward reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression. @entity1960 had no effect on @entity10211 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4878 attenuate the proinflammatory cytokine response in vivo, with only modest effects on body weight and parameters of gastrointestinal morphology.

title: Effects of @entity4878 in @entity19 models of XXXX : benefit or danger to the gastrointestinal tract?

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity61029 :: ('MESH:C002202', 'Chemical') :: ['4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell transfer colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid', 'isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoid', 'retinoid']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and @entity1826 ( @entity1826 ) produced positive inotropic effects on electrically stimulated left atria and increased the frequency of spontaneously beating right atria of adult @entity35 . The potency of the inotropic effect of @entity1827 was greater than that of @entity1826 , but the potencies of the chronotropic effects of @entity20929 were not significantly different. In the neonatal atria, @entity20929 also induced positive inotropic and chronotropic responses. @entity1827 and @entity1826 showed weak or no cardiotonic effects on the adult ventricles, whereas they caused marked positive inotropy in the neonatal ventricles. The characteristics of binding sites for @entity20929 were very similar between the atria and the ventricles of the @entity35 neonate. Saturation and competition binding experiments have shown that neonatal cardiac membranes from both atria and ventricle have two distinct binding sites for endothelin, that is, a low-affinity and a high-affinity site. @entity1827 was found to bind to the low-affinity sites with a significantly lower Kd than @entity1826 , whereas the estimated Kd values for @entity20929 at the high affinity sites were similar. In contrast, the binding sites in adult atria were different from those of the ventricles: only a single binding site for both @entity20929 was detected. Adult atrial membranes, on the other hand, had two distinct binding sites similar to those of neonatal membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characteristics of binding of XXXX and @entity1826 to @entity35 hearts. Developmental changes in mechanical responses and receptor subtypes.

answer: @entity1827 :: (24323(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']