abstract: The objective of this study was to assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and MMP inhibitor expression in the airspace of @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 ) or @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and to determine the prognostic significance of MMP expression in this @entity1 population. Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity647 or @entity649 were prospectively enrolled in this study; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from these @entity1 was examined for expression of @entity3334 (interstitial collagenase), @entity1476 (gelatinase A), @entity1549 (stromelysin-1), @entity5952 (neutrophil collagenase), and @entity1495 (gelatinase B). Levels of MMP inhibitors (ie, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 [ @entity2843 and @entity1552 ]) were examined in parallel. Expression of MMPs was correlated with relevant clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity647 / @entity649 . In nearly all specimens obtained from @entity1 with @entity647 / @entity649 , there were high levels of @entity1476 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , and @entity2843 , but in only a small subset of @entity1 (6/28) were there detectable levels of @entity3334 and/or @entity1549 . In the @entity1 with elevated @entity3334 and/or @entity1549 , the mortality rate was higher (83%) than in the group without detectable levels of these enzymes (32%). Likewise, the overall severity of disease as indicated by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores was higher in this group (98 +/- 30) than in the group without detectable @entity3334 or @entity1549 (78 +/- 28). The percentage of individuals in whom @entity358 was complicated by @entity177 was also higher in the group with detectable @entity3334 and/or @entity1549 (83%) than in the group without (64%), as was the number of organs that failed. In contrast, there was no correlation between @entity3334 and/or @entity1549 expression and impairment in gas exchange, as determined by the ratio of partial pressure of @entity26 to fraction of inspired @entity26 (Pao(2)/Fio(2)) on the day of BAL sample. Based on these findings, we conclude that elevated @entity1476 , @entity5952 , and @entity1495 in BAL fluid is a marker of @entity647 (and, perhaps, a contributor to @entity647 ) but is not necessarily an indicator of a poor outcome. On the other hand, the presence of detectable @entity3334 and/or @entity1549 is an indicator of more ominous disease progression.

title: Matrix metalloproteinases and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: @entity463 grow very rapidly and are generally resistant to either DNA-damaging drugs or gamma-irradiation. If @entity5 cells could be made more susceptible to cell death with treatments, this would clearly represent a significant improvement in the success of treatment. Recently, telomerase has become a focus of interest among oncologists as a target for treating @entity5 cells. Telomerase elongates telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG)n and is important in protecting and replicating DNA. The vast majority of @entity5 cells, indeed, express telomerase activity whereas normal somatic cells, except for a few cells, do not. Since telomerase is essential for protecting DNA, we may be able to make @entity5 more sensitive to treatments with DNA-damaging drugs by inhibiting telomerase activity. In this study, we used @entity900 ( @entity900 )-sensitive U87-MG cells and @entity900 -resistant @entity1 of @entity1 @entity463 cell lines. U87-MG cells did not express telomerase activity, whereas telomerase was highly detected in @entity1 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of telomerase with an antisense telomerase expression vector not only decreased telomerase activity but also increased susceptibility to @entity900 -induced apoptotic cell death in @entity1 cells. These findings suggest that treatment with antisense telomerase may represent a new chemosensitisation for @entity5 resistant to anticancer drugs.

title: Inhibition of telomerase increases the susceptibility of @entity1 @entity463 cells to XXXX -induced apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant glioblastomas', 'malignant glioblastoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: As electrical stimulation of the rectum has been shown to result in reflex internal sphincter inhibition mediated by intrinsic nerves, we aimed to evaluate the integrity of these nerves in the rectum of @entity6 @entity1 . Anal canal pressure, recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) and continence were evaluated in 30 @entity6 @entity1 (male:female 13:17, median age 57 years, range 37-70) and these data were compared with similar data obtained from 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (male:female 9:13, median age 51 years, range 19-65 years). Median duration of @entity6 was 8 years (range 3-30). Twelve (40%) of the 30 @entity6 had impaired continence for gas (n = 12) and liquid faeces (n = 3). None of the controls had @entity322 . Median maximum resting anal canal pressure ( @entity11092 ) was: @entity1 30 mmHg (range 20-75 mmHg) versus controls 40 mmHg (range 20-105 mmHg, P = 0.61). Median maximum squeeze pressure (MSP) was 65 mmHg (range 30-150 mmHg) in @entity1 versus 84mmHg (range 35-230 mm Hg) in controls (P = 0.59). Median threshold rectal mucosal electrosensation (RMES-T) was 27mA (5-40 mA) in @entity1 versus 13 mA (5-28 mA) in controls (P = 0.03). Maximum tolerable rectal mucosal electrosensation was 40 mA (20-60) in @entity1 versus 20 mA (10-30), in controls (P = 0.042, all comparisons using the Wilcoxon rank test). Recto-anal inhibitory reflex was present in eight, abnormal in five (one incontinent) and absent in 17 (11 incontinent) @entity6 , while it was present in 18 and abnormal in four controls (test of proportion, P = 0.031). Blood @entity413 in @entity6 on the day of the procedure was 98 mg/dL (70-165 mg/dL). Rectal mucosal electrosensitivity and RAIR were @entity73 @entity1 with @entity6 than controls, implying @entity73 . The recto-anal inhibitory reflex was either impaired or absent in all @entity6 @entity1 with @entity322 .

title: The recto-anal inhibitory reflex: abnormal response in XXXX suggests an intrinsic neuroenteropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in significantly more', 'impairment of intrinsic neuronal function']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: The onset of @entity1372 retention in @entity109 / @entity4314 -induced @entity82 in @entity35 is preceded by a linear decrease in hepatic function as assessed by the @entity17690 rate constant of elimination. @entity1372 retention occurs when liver function decreases below a critical @entity17690 rate constant of elimination threshold of 1 min-1 x 10(-3). The objective of this study was to investigate this relationship in a different experimental model of @entity82 in @entity35 and to learn whether alteration of drug-metabolizing activity by hepatic enzyme induction changes the threshold for urinary @entity1372 retention. @entity82 was induced in untreated and @entity109 -treated @entity35 by bile duct excision. Liver function, assessed by the @entity17690 breath test, and urinary @entity1372 excretion on a constant salt diet were measured weekly for up to 4 wk. In untreated @entity35 , the @entity17690 breath test rate constant of elimination was reduced by about 40% within 1 wk of surgery. @entity17690 rate constant of elimination then decreased more slowly, but linearly. Urinary @entity1372 excretion was initially unchanged, but @entity1372 retention occurred after 2.5 wk and was maintained until the end of the experiment. @entity109 -treated @entity35 had greater initial @entity17690 rate constant of elimination, but we saw a similar fall in @entity17690 rate constant of elimination of about 40% within 1 wk of bile duct excision to a value still above baseline @entity17690 rate constant of elimination of untreated controls. @entity17690 rate constant of elimination remained at a plateau for 3.5 wk without changes in urinary @entity1372 excretion. After 3.5 wk, a sudden decrease in @entity17690 rate constant of elimination was associated with the sudden onset of @entity1372 retention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity109 influences the development of @entity1372 retention in liver disease induced by bile duct ligation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine', 'Aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical properties, histological and immunohistochemical appearance, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of reparative cartilage after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ). METHODS: Six @entity1 (mean age 20.2 +/- 8.8 years; 13-35 years) who underwent ACI for full-thickness cartilage defects of the femoral condyle were studied. One year after the procedure, a second-look arthroscopic operation was performed with biopsy of reparative tissue. The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) visual histological assessment scale was used for histological assessment. Biopsied tissue was immunohistochemically analyzed with the use of monoclonal antihuman collagen type I and monoclonal antihuman collagen type II primary antibodies. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in biopsied reparative cartilage samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MR imaging was performed with T1- and T2-weighted imaging and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled (3D-SPGR) MR imaging. RESULTS: Four tissue samples were graded as having a mixed morphology of hyaline and fibrocartilage while the other two were graded as fibrocartilage. Average ICRS scores for each criterion were (I) 1.0 +/- 1.5; (II) 1.7 +/- 0.5; (III) 0.6 +/- 1.0; (IV) 3.0 +/- 0.0; (V) 1.8 +/- 1.5; and (VI) 2.5 +/- 1.2. Average total score was 10.7 +/- 2.8. On immunohistochemical analysis, the matrix from deep and middle layers of reparative cartilage stained positive for type II collagen; however, the surface layer did not stain well. The average GAG concentration in reparative cartilage was 76.6 +/- 4.2 microg/mg whereas that in normal cartilage was 108 +/- 11.2 microg/mg. Common complications observed on 3D-SPGR MR imaging were @entity1184 of grafted periosteum, @entity4 -like signal in bone marrow, and incomplete repair of subchondral bone at the surgical site. Clinically, @entity1 had significant improvements in Lysholm scores. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a good clinical course, reparative cartilage after ACI had less GAG concentration and was inferior to healthy hyaline cartilage in histological and immunohistochemical appearance and on MRI findings.

title: Evaluation of reparative cartilage after autologous chondrocyte implantation for XXXX : histology, biochemistry, and MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']


abstract: A bystander effect is described when nontransduced or genetically unmodified cells are killed during death of genetically modified @entity5 cells transduced with a suicide gene. The "bystander effect" greatly enhances the efficacy of the herpes simplex virus- @entity1014 kinase/ @entity4540 (HSV-TK/GCV) gene therapy approach for @entity5 . The mechanism of the bystander effect is controversial. In this study, we examined the role of intercellular @entity497 ( @entity497 ) for the bystander effect in @entity1 @entity1820 cells. Our results show that the extent of the bystander effect varied amongst the @entity5 cell lines; @entity788 cells BXPC-3 exhibited excellent bystander effects in vitro and in vivo studies whereas other @entity1820 cell lines such as @entity788 cells MIAPACA-2, and @entity694 cells HT-29 showed poor bystander effects. Bystander effects were only found in the presence of cell-to-cell contact. The extent of the bystander effect was independent of the level of HSV-TK activity in the transduced @entity5 cells and was correlated with @entity497 as demonstrated by an in vitro dye-transfer assay. Expression of the mRNA levels of gap junction protein connexin 43 was 8- to 26-fold or greater and @entity3492 gene expression was 2- to 229-fold greater in BXPC-3 cells compared to HT-29, MIAPACA-2, and @entity1 cells. Our results suggest that intercellular communication is essential for the bystander effect. The correlation between @entity497 and the extent of the bystander effect suggest a role for @entity497 in mediating the bystander effect. Analysis of @entity5 for @entity497 or expression of gap junction proteins may identify the subset of @entity1 suitable for gene therapy with the HSV-TK/GCV approach.

title: Intercellular communication mediates the bystander effect during herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase/ganciclovir-based gene therapy of XXXX @entity1820 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PANC3', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['GJIC', 'gap junction communication']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this study we tried to evaluate the predictive factors for survival in @entity1 with @entity3484 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2003, 46 @entity1 were treated by standard nephroureterectomy for upper @entity3484 , but only 24 @entity1 (52%) who had regular follow-up were included in the study. Age, sex, presenting symptoms of the @entity1 , @entity5 localization, @entity5 stage and grade were analyzed with respect to survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done using Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively. RESULTS: The median of @entity1 age was 61 years (34-74). Of the 24 @entity1 , 9 (37.5%) were disease-free and alive at a mean time of 54 (26-97) months, 8 (33.3%) died of disease at a mean period of 23.4 months (2 because of @entity150 , 2 had liver metastases, 1 had lung metastasis and 3 had lung and liver metastases) and 7 (29.2%) died disease-free at a mean period of 30.3 months. @entity3 were detected in a mean period of 11.8 (6-24) months. Survival according to @entity5 stage Ta, @entity7279 , and invasive @entity5 were 87.5, 43.9, 15.7 months (p = 0.0001), respectively. Survival of the @entity1 with @entity5 was significantly longer than those with high-grade @entity5 (77.3 and 31.4 months, respectively, p = 0.01). @entity1 with @entity5 when compared to @entity1698 (28.5 and 61.6 months, respectively, p = 0.038) and those presenting with @entity812 when compared to those presenting with macroscopic @entity811 and @entity150 (17.7, 45.7, and 57.9 months, respectively, p = 0.046) had shorter survival rates. When multivariate analyses were done using Cox regression test, the only factor that affected survival was the stage of the @entity5 . Age and gender had no impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS: In univariate analysis, the stage, grade, localization of the @entity5 and presenting symptoms were found important predictors that affect the prognosis of the transitional @entity189 of the upper tract. However, @entity5 stage was the only independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis. For high grade and high stage @entity5 , really effective adjuvant treatments along with aggressive surgery may be considered.

title: Factors affecting the survival of XXXX treated by standard nephroureterectomy for transitional cell @entity189 of the upper urinary tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract tumor', 'upper urinary tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pelvis tumors', 'low-grade tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureter tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate our experience with transcatheter proximal (i.e., main) @entity1416 (TPSAE) in the nonsurgical management of @entity1 with grade III-V @entity130 , according to the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) guidelines, and @entity1 with @entity130 associated with CT evidence of active contrast extravasation or blush (or cases meeting both criteria). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 with traumatic @entity130 admitted during a 52-month period were retrospectively reviewed for @entity1 age and sex, mechanism of @entity130 severity score (ISS), RBC transfusion requirements, AAST @entity130 CT grade, presence of active contrast extravasation or blush on CT examination, and amount of hemoperitoneum on CT examination. Demographics, CT findings, transfusion requirements, and outcome were compared using the Student's t test or chi-square test in @entity1 undergoing standard nonoperative management and nonoperative management TPSAE-that is, TPSAE followed by nonoperative management. RESULTS: Of the 79 identified @entity1 with @entity130 , 67 were managed nonoperatively. Thirty-seven @entity1 (28 @entity1 , nine @entity1 ; mean age, 40 years; mean ISS, 28.8) underwent nonoperative management TPSAE and 30 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , three @entity1 ; mean age, 37 years; mean ISS, 25.1) underwent nonoperative management. Age, sex, and ISS were not significantly different between the two groups. TPSAE was always technically feasible. @entity130 were significantly more severe in the nonoperative management TPSAE group than in the nonoperative management group with respect to the mean @entity130 AAST CT grade (3.7 vs 2, respectively; p < 0.0001), active contrast extravasation or blush (38% [14/37] vs 3% [1/30], respectively; p = 0.0005), and hemoperitoneum grade (1.6 vs 0.8, respectively; p = 0.0006). Secondary splenectomy rate was lower in the nonoperative management TPSAE group (2.7% [1/37] vs 10% [3/30]). No procedure-related complications were encountered during early and delayed clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: TPSAE is a feasible and safe adjunct to observation in the nonoperative management of severe traumatic @entity130 . The secondary splenectomy rate using nonoperative management TPSAE (2.7%) is among the lowest reported despite a selection of severe @entity130 .

title: Nonoperative management of traumatic XXXX : is there a role for proximal @entity1416 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'injury, injury', 'injuries', 'Splenic injuries', 'Trauma', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the histologic homogeneity of muscle-invasive urothelial cell @entity150 , with conventional and nonconventional (eg, squamous, glandular, or variants) differentiation, to assess its influence on prognosis. METHODS: With organ mapping, we investigated 38 cystectomy specimens. Each entire bladder was cut into 88 slices according to an identical topographic scheme. From all the bladder slices, 1231 slices that included @entity5 were chosen for the histologic study. We examined the diagnostic significance, extension, and number of histologic differentiation types. RESULTS: The extension of nonconventional differentiation, with any proportion of histologic type, had an unfavorable impact on survival time. The number of nonconventional differentiation types increases in the presence of a sarcomatoid, an undifferentiated, a nested, or a micropapillary pattern. The increased number of differentiation types had an unfavorable influence on survival time. @entity1 with a more than 80% classic urothelial cell @entity189 pattern had a favorable prognosis, which increased further with increasing percentages of this differentiation type. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle-invasive @entity150 are not a homogenous group of @entity5 . Our results suggest that a precise assessment of the extension and number of histological differentiation types may be an individual prognostic factor. Conventional differentiation with at least 80% extension seems to be prognostically favorable. Nonconventional differentiation, especially with greater extension and a greater number of types, could imply a worse prognosis.

title: Usefulness of histologic homogeneity estimation of muscle-invasive XXXX in an individual prognosis: a mapping study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder cancers', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper limb preservation after soft tissue @entity242 resection often requires flap reconstruction. The aim of this study was to compare pre- and post-operative upper limb function following shoulder, elbow or wrist/hand @entity242 resection and soft tissue reconstruction with a pedicled or free flap. @entity1 : Between 1989 and 2008, 113 @entity1 underwent resection of an upper limb soft tissue @entity242 and required flap reconstruction. Perioperative morbidity, mortality and flap loss were studied. Functional outcome was assessed pre and postoperatively using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), a measure of disability, and the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Rating Scale (MSTS), a measure of impairment. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between flap type and functional outcome scores. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent soft tissue @entity242 excision in the shoulder (n = 64), elbow (n = 27) or wrist/hand (n = 22) region with soft tissue reconstruction using either a pedicled (n = 76) or free flap (n = 37). Comparison of the post-operative MSTS (n = 88) and TESS (n = 84) revealed no significant differences between the free and pedicled flap groups. A significant pre- to post-operative difference was identified in MSTS 87 scores for @entity1 in both the pedicled (p < 0.02) and free flap groups (p < 0.04). Comparison of the pre- and post-operative MSTS 93 scores also revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01) but this was limited to the free flap group. The most notable post-operative score reductions in these @entity1 were due to @entity121 group resection. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the soft tissue defect following @entity242 resection in the upper limb maintains a similar satisfactory level of upper limb activity with either pedicled or free flap reconstructions. Based on TESS scores, @entity1 rated themselves as having better function compared to impairment measures such as MSTS.

title: Functional outcome following upper limb soft tissue XXXX resection with flap reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['major joint, nerve, tendon or muscle']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that best predict a team's decision of driving ability in @entity64 @entity1 from a predriving assessment. DESIGN: Retrospective study of a 2-year predriving evaluation. SETTING: Belgian Institute for Road Safety. @entity1 : One hundred four @entity1 with sequelae of first @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: Predriving assessments and road test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The suitability to resume driving based on a team decision and performance in the road test. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 (39.4%) were judged suitable, 45 (43.3%) not immediately suitable, and 18 (17.3%) not suitable to drive. Correlation coefficients and comparisons between groups revealed that most variables had significant individual relationships with the team decision and performance on the road test. After logistic regression analysis, side of lesion, kinetic vision, visual scanning, and a road test led to the best model in predicting the team decision (R(2) =.53). The road test was the most important determinant (R(2) =.42). Multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of acuity of @entity735 and the figure of Rey was the best subset to predict the road test (R(2) =.28). CONCLUSION: The predictive accuracy of the team's decision is limited, and the road test is even lower. Inclusion of more real-road-related tests in the predriving assessment is necessary.

title: Determinants of driving after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['left and right eyes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to study changes in morphology and stent-graft configuration of descending thoracic @entity449 after endovascular repair. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 treated with custom-made stent-grafts were studied. The stent-graft consisted of continuous, stainless-steel Z stents mounted within a @entity2635 graft. In the last 11 cases the stents were interconnected with 3 longitudinal wires. Contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, and every 6 months postoperatively. Angiography was used preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up. Proximal and distal necks were assessed for diameter and length. @entity439 diameter, endoleaks, stent-graft migration, and changes in stent-graft configuration were evaluated. RESULTS: During follow-up (median, 18 months; range, 1-48 months), excluded @entity439 decreased in diameter by 4 mm (0.5-10 mm, P =.0018). Endoleaks prevented size decrease. Five @entity1 displayed @entity384 , 4 at both the proximal and distal fixation sites and 1 only distally. In 7 (30%) @entity1 there was proximal migration of the distal end of the stent-graft. Three (13%) @entity1 displayed both distal migration of the proximal end of the stent-graft and proximal migration of the distal end of the stent-graft. There was a significant correlation between stent-graft kinking and appearance of proximal or distal stent-graft migration (P =.05 and P =.0007, respectively). In no case did the migration lead to appearance of an endoleak before intervention was performed. CONCLUSION: Excluded descending thoracic @entity449 decrease in size on midterm follow-up. A subgroup of @entity1 prone to @entity384 might exist. A combination of @entity384 and vector forces acting on stent-grafts in the tortuous thoracic aorta might lead to stent-graft migration.

title: Changes in XXXX morphology and stent-graft configuration after endovascular repair of @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['neck dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the utility of arterial-phase magnetic resonance (APMR) imaging and spiral computed tomography arteriography (CTA) for detection of @entity99 . METHODS: Both APMR imaging and CTA were performed in 24 @entity1 with @entity96 . APMR imaging was initiated at 25-30 s after an intravenous bolus injection of @entity7241 using the fast multiplanar spoiled GRASS technique. CTA was initiated at 3 s after hepatic arterial injection of 30-64% nonionic contrast agent. APMR and CTA images were separately reviewed retrospectively by two blinded readers. Afterward, matched pair was reviewed to determine which had better lesion conspicuity. RESULTS: The sensitivities for @entity99 were 67.2 and 86.6% in APMR and CTA, respectively (p < 0.01). Seven (12.5%) and 21 (23.9%) @entity75 were seen at APMR and CTA, respectively (NS). Lesion conspicuity was comparable between APMR and CTA. CONCLUSIONS: Although APMR imaging is an useful noninvasive method to detect hypervascular @entity96 , APMR imaging is still not an alternative to CTA with respect to @entity5 detectability.

title: Detection of XXXX : arterial-phase MR imaging versus spiral CT arteriography.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['false-positive lesions']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumors']


abstract: We report a 9-year-old @entity1 with @entity2916 presenting intractable adversive @entity410 . She had been suffering from frequent attacks of consciousness loss since the age of 6 years. Although a considerable amount of antiepileptic drugs had been administered, her @entity302 attacks were not controlled, but instead rather increased. She had been suffering from adversive @entity410 to the right for more than 2 years. CT scan failed to show any abnormal density area. MRI showed a small lesion in the @entity75 . The electroencephalogram showed relatively mild abnormal waves in the left hemisphere. We undertook surgical removal of the lesion with epileptogenic foci because her @entity302 has not been controlled and the lesion could be a @entity11 . Abnormal spike waves were detected around the lesion with electrocorticogram. "Gyrectomy" technique was employed and the spike waves totally disappeared. After the surgery, no @entity16 was presented. She has suffered no @entity410 attack since the surgery even though the amount of the antiepileptic drugs has been significantly decreased. Resection of the epileptogenic foci as well as the abnormal lesion using the technique of gyrectomy is useful for the control of the intractable @entity302 , and makes the quality of life of @entity1 much higher.

title: [A case of XXXX presenting intractable adversive @entity410 , successfully resected with the technique of "gyrectomy"].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal subcortical area']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Described herein is a case of primary @entity0 (PBL) that underwent spontaneous regression (SR). A 71-year-old @entity1 visited hospital because of the rapid growth of a @entity5 in her left breast. On imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a discrete solid nodule was detected, which suggested @entity5 . Histology of the following core needle biopsy (CNB) specimen indicated @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). The @entity1 had no past history of @entity706 and there was no evidence of @entity1600 . After CNB, however, the @entity1 noticed that her breast nodule gradually decreased in size without any specific treatment. Subsequent MRI showed an ill-defined nodular area suggesting a regressing @entity5 . Excisional biopsy indicated fibrotic mammary tissue devoid of large neoplastic lymphoid cells. The @entity1 has remained well without evidence of recurrent @entity706 more than 18 months after her original diagnosis. This case is considered to be unique in a PBL showing SR, probably induced by an intervention of CNB and histologically confirmed on sequential examinations in addition to illustrative before-and-after imaging. To the best of the authors' knowledge no other PBL of @entity1892 has been reported as undergoing a complete SR in the English-language literature.

title: Spontaneous regression of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lymph nodes enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity1576 and respiratory-related absence from work among Swedish @entity283 ( @entity283 ). METHODS: From a postal questionnaire study among a general Swedish working population (n = 12,186), we identified 2156 HCW (555 assistant nurses, 377 nurses, 109 physicians, and 1115 others), including 429 with mainly cleaning tasks (HCW-cleaning). The remaining respondents were classified as non-HCW. Multiple logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare @entity1576 and respiratory-related absence from work between HCW and non-HCW, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of adult onset @entity565 was 4.3% in HCW and 3.0% in non-HCW (p = .003). Asthmatic symptoms during the past year were reported mainly by HCW-cleaning, 14.7%, in comparison to 8.3% among non-HCW (p < .0001). HCW had an increased odds ratio (OR) for asthmatic symptoms during the past year (OR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1-1.5)) and more prominent among assistant nurses (OR 1.5, 95% CI (1.1-2.0)) and @entity16133 , 95% CI (1.4-2.5)). Respiratory-related absence from work in the past year was reported by 1.4% of non-HCW, 3.0% of HCW-cleaning, 2.9% of nurses, and 1.6% of assistant nurses. Taking smoking and age into account, there was still significantly increased respiratory-related absence from work in nurses (OR 2.0, 95% CI (1.1-3.8)) and in @entity3122 , 95% CI (1.2-3.7)). CONCLUSIONS: HCW in Sweden, especially those with cleaning tasks, reported more @entity1576 and respiratory-related absence from work than the general working population. There is a need for longitudinal studies with detailed information on both occupational exposures and socioeconomic factors to explore what influences respiratory-related absence from work among HCW.

title: Respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work among XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care workers', 'HCWs']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health care workers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the apoptosis in placenta tissues of @entity1 with @entity101 complicating pregnancy and its relationship with @entity588 , @entity2533 , and to explore the etiology of @entity101 complicating pregnancy. METHODS: Forty-five placenta samples were obtained from pregnancies with @entity101 (15 gestational @entity101 , 15 mild @entity1468 , and 15 severe @entity1468 ) and 45 normal placenta tissues were enrolled from the third-trimester pregnancies. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to study the expression of @entity588 and @entity2533 in @entity1 trophoblasts. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- @entity1977 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to quantify the incidence of apoptosis in @entity1 trophoblasts. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate and @entity2533 expression in @entity101 complicating pregnancy group was higher than that in the control group, but the @entity588 expression was significantly lower than the control group (all Ps<0.01). With the aggravation of this illness, the apoptosis rate and @entity2533 expression in the gestational @entity101 group, mild @entity1468 group, and severe @entity1468 tended to be increasing, but the @entity588 expression was decreasing (P<0.001). The apoptosis of placenta villi and @entity2533 expression were positively correlated in the severe @entity1468 group and mild @entity1468 group,but the apoptosis of placenta villi and @entity588 were negatively correlated (all Ps<0.05). @entity2533 and @entity588 expressions in the severe @entity1468 group and mild @entity1468 group were negatively correlated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis of the placental trophoblasts of pregnancies with @entity101 is evidently enhanced. The @entity2533 expression increases and the @entity588 expression decreases. The imbalance between @entity2533 and @entity588 expression may induce the @entity101 .

title: [ XXXX , @entity2533 , and apoptosis in placenta tissues in @entity1 with @entity101 complicating pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorder', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: @entity7252 is relatively rare among @entity548 in the digestive tract, and @entity7252 caused by @entity5 of the biliary tract is particularly rare. We treated a 74-year-old- @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity1086 presenting with @entity7252 . During hospitalization for @entity1494 at the Department of Urology, he showed progressive @entity417 . Since @entity548 in the digestive tract was suspected, endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed, and @entity548 from the papilla of Vater was observed. On ultrasound examination, findings were indicative of @entity5 , and @entity548 from the cystic duct was found on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. On perioral cholecystoscopy, however, masses of coagulated blood were found only in the gallbladder. Abnormalities such as dense staining of @entity5 or extravasation were not found on angiography. The @entity1 died of @entity1578 due to rapid invasion of the liver by the @entity5 , associated with @entity281 and disseminated @entity5642 . At autopsy, a @entity5 was found in the gallbladder, and the cavity of the gallbladder was filled with coagulated masses of blood. Direct invasion of the @entity5 to the liver, diaphragm, and transverse colon was found. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity189 (pleomorphic large-cell type).

title: A @entity1 with @entity189 of gallbladder presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cholecystic cancer', 'nodal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['biliary infection']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia', 'Hemobilia']

answer: @entity7252 :: (MESH:D006431,Disease) :: ['hemobilia']


abstract: Smooth muscle (SM) development consists of several processes, including cell fate determination, differentiation, and maturation. The molecular mechanisms controlling SM early differentiation have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying SM maturation. Cell division cycle 7 ( @entity29987 ) has been shown to regulate cell fate determination in the initial phase of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 )-induced SM differentiation. Our present study indicates that @entity29987 also regulates SM maturation. Knockdown of @entity29987 suppresses @entity2533 -induced expression of SM myosin heavy chain, a late marker of SM differentiation. @entity29987 overexpression, on the other hand, enhances SM myosin heavy chain expression. Interestingly, @entity29987 activates the mRNA expression and promoter activity of @entity28729 ( @entity28729 ), a master regulator of SM differentiation, whose transcription is blocked in the initial phase of the differentiation because @entity2533 does not induce @entity28729 mRNA until after the early SM markers are induced. These data suggest that @entity29987 mediates @entity2533 -induced SM maturation via activation of @entity28729 transcription. Mechanistically, @entity29987 physically and functionally interacts with @entity21505 to regulate @entity28729 promoter activity. @entity29987 appears to enhance @entity21505 binding to @entity28729 promoter, leading to @entity28729 activation. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that @entity29987 regulates the initial and late phase of SM differentiation through distinct mechanisms.

title: Cell division cycle 7 mediates @entity2533 -induced smooth muscle maturation through activation of XXXX gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

answer: @entity28729 :: (93649,Gene) :: ['myocardin']


abstract: PURPOSE: A critical factor determining the effectiveness of currently used dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is the DC activation or maturation status. We have recently shown that the T-cell stimulatory capacity of DCs pulsed with @entity5 -antigen-derived peptides can be considerably increased by activating the DCs through electroporation with mRNA encoding @entity11603 , @entity32998 , and a constitutively active @entity2939 (TriMix DCs). Here, we investigate whether TriMix DCs can be coelectroporated with whole @entity5 -antigen-encoding mRNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The T-cell stimulatory capacity of TriMix DCs pulsed with the immunodominant MelanA-A2 peptide and that of TriMix DCs coelectroporated with MelanA mRNA were compared in vitro. TriMix DCs were also coelectroporated with mRNA encoding @entity5840 , @entity6473 , @entity11442 , or @entity9857 . The capacity of these DCs to stimulate @entity5 -antigen-specific T cells in @entity320 @entity1 was investigated both in vitro before vaccination and after DC vaccination. RESULTS: Like peptide-pulsed TriMix DCs, TriMix DCs coelectroporated with MelanA mRNA are very potent in inducing MelanA-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro. These T cells have an activated phenotype, show cytolytic capacity, and produce inflammatory cytokines in response to specific stimulation. TriMix DCs coelectroporated with @entity11442 are able to stimulate @entity11442 -specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro from the blood of nonvaccinated @entity320 @entity1 . Furthermore, TriMix DCs coelectroporated with @entity5840 , @entity6473 , or @entity11442 are able to induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells through therapeutic DC vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: TriMix DCs coelectroporated with whole @entity5 -antigen mRNA stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro and induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in @entity320 @entity1 through vaccination. Therefore, they represent a promising new approach for antitumor immunotherapy.

title: Single-step antigen loading and activation of dendritic cells by mRNA electroporation for the purpose of therapeutic vaccination in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor 4']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2727 is prescribed commonly for @entity1 with @entity71 . An estimated 2.8% of US youths aged 5 to 18 years use it for the management of this disorder. Despite the widespread use of @entity2727 , the demographics and outcome of intentional and unintentional exposures to @entity2727 have not been described. METHODS: To profile @entity1 exposures to @entity2727 , a retrospective review of all reports to a certified regional poison information center during 1998 was conducted. Data analysis included @entity1 demographics, reason for the exposure, dose ingested, clinical effects, and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: There were 113 @entity2727 @entity1 exposures. The following table summarizes the values for selected parameters that were investigated: [table in text] CONCLUSIONS: The majority of exposures in @entity1 < or = 12 years of age involved unintentional ingestion of a sibling's medication, self-administration of an excessive therapeutic dose, or the administration of an inadvertent dose given by a caregiver. @entity2727 abuse was common among adolescents and adults. Regardless of the reason for the exposure, the amount ingested, or treatment, all exposures had a favorable outcome. Pediatric doses of less than 1 mg/kg were not associated with adverse events.

title: A profile of XXXX exposures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: Spermatogenesis is a complex process that generates spermatozoa; its molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here we focused on the functions of three testis-specific @entity563 proteases: @entity52846 / @entity52846 , @entity52847 / @entity52847 , and @entity52848 / @entity52848 . These protease genes, which constitute a gene cluster on chromosome 9F2-F3, were presumed to be paralogs and were expressed only in the testis. By investigating their mRNA distribution, we found that all three genes were expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes. However, interestingly, the translated proteins were produced at different locations. @entity52846 / @entity52846 was found in the membranes and cytoplasm of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids, whereas @entity52847 / @entity52847 was present only in the membranes of spermatocytes and spermatids. @entity52848 / @entity52848 was detected in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and spermatids. To assess the roles of these proteases in spermatogenesis, we used organ culture of @entity19 testis fragments. Adding antibodies against @entity52846 / @entity52846 and @entity52847 / @entity52847 resulted in meiotic arrest at the stage when each protease was beginning to be translated. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells dramatically increased after the addition of these antibodies. These results strongly suggest that the three paralogous Prss/Tessp proteases play different roles in spermatogenesis and that @entity52846 / @entity52846 and @entity52847 / @entity52847 are required for germ cell survival during meiosis.

title: Three testis-specific paralogous XXXX proteases play different roles in @entity19 spermatogenesis and are involved in germ cell survival during meiosis.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: @entity2463 involve @entity790 frequently. In this study, the treatment and prognosis for @entity790 in 8 @entity1 with @entity2463 were discussed. All @entity1 were @entity1 (range 1 to 14 years). Seven of them showed high types of @entity2463 and one low type. Five @entity1 were managed surgically. Among them, 3 were treated successfully, but the outcome was not good for 2 @entity1 . These 2 @entity1 have been followed up under careful observation. The treatment could not be performed on one @entity1 with poor bowel function. In this series, successful results were obtained on @entity1 with a @entity258 . However, there were hazard problems in @entity1 with a high @entity154 . @entity1494 was included among these problems. It is difficult to diagnose and treat @entity790 on a newborn baby with @entity2463 , when these anomalies might be complicated with other @entity154 such as @entity299 . In such cases, @entity790 should be treated as conservatively as possible until the @entity1 's condition has improved.

title: [Clinical studies for @entity790 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['degree of anomalies', 'severe anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations', 'Anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low degree of anomalies']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary anomalies']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']


abstract: Large White @entity233 breeder hens from a strain exhibiting poor hatchability were fed thyroid-altering diets. The following dietary treatments were fed to randomized groups of hens for 15 wk of egg laying: 1) 16.5% protein @entity233 breeder diet (control), 2) the control diet containing 2.1 ppm supplemental @entity1496 , 3) the control diet containing .1% @entity27758 , and 4) the control diet containing .5 ppm @entity1954 (T3). Blood samples were taken from hatching embryos from hens fed each diet. Embryonic hearts and livers were weighted prior to and during pipping as well as after hatching. Blood plasma was analyzed for @entity1955 (T4), T3, and @entity413 . Livers were assayed for @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity. Supplemental maternal dietary @entity1496 elevated embryonic T4 concentrations prior to pipping. Dietary T3 and @entity1496 increased hepatic @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity and blood plasma @entity413 concentration prior to pipping. Feeding @entity27758 increased embryonic liver weights but decreased heart and body weights. Blood plasma T4 was elevated in embryos from hens fed @entity27758 but blood @entity413 levels were depressed because of a lack of increased @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity. Feeding @entity1496 decreased the enzyme activity at internal pipping. It is suggested from the data that maternal thyroid metabolism may influence hatchability via embryonic thyroid and @entity1735 metabolism during hatching.

title: Influence of diet-mediated maternal thyroid alterations on hatchability and metabolism of XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity27758 :: ('MESH:D013889', 'Chemical') :: ['thiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: Although radon is a well-established lung carcinogen, there are uncertainties concerning the exposure-response relationship, whether exposures in early life are particularly hazardous, and how smoking affects the risks associated with radon exposure. A cohort study of the mortality experience of 1,743 underground fluorspar miners and 321 surface workers from 1950 to 1984 reported previously has been extended to include 6 additional years of follow-up (1985-1990). A statistically significant relationship was noted between radon-progeny exposure and risk of @entity2 mortality. Our analysis found no effect for age at first exposure. Attained age was strongly predictive of excess relative risk (ERR) per @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) of radon exposure, falling from 0.025 for those aged less than 50 years to 0.002 for those 70 years or older. An inverse exposure-rate effect was also observed, wherein for equal total exposure, a high exposure rate (and short duration) is less harmful than a low exposure rate (and long duration). The ERR/ @entity1442 increased from 0.0019 for exposures of less than 10 years to 0.0076 for exposures of 20 or more years. The analysis of time-since-exposure windows revealed a greater ERR/ @entity1442 for exposures received in more recent periods, similar to the result for time since last exposure. Excess relative risks per @entity1442 were higher for current smokers than for nonsmokers (never and former smokers). Analyses were consistent with a multiplicative relationship between radon-progeny exposure and current smoking and the risk of @entity2 . The assessment of radon exposure and @entity2 risk should incorporate the effects of exposure rate, time since exposure, smoking status and attained age.

title: Radon-progeny exposure and XXXX risk in a cohort of Newfoundland fluorspar miners.

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['WLM', 'working level month']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity1457 proteins are expressed during early pregnancy and in peritoneal fluids from @entity1 with @entity46 . The relationship between a cell-mediated immune response to @entity1 60-kDa @entity1457 protein ( @entity11217 ), @entity2208 , and @entity46 was examined. METHOD OF STUDY: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 110 female partners of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and 41 fertile control subjects were incubated with @entity1 @entity11217 or @entity526 @entity11217 . PBMC proliferation was measured by @entity665 incorporation, and a stimulation index was calculated. RESULTS: Lymphocytes from 21.8% of the infertile @entity1 , as opposed to 7.3% of the fertile @entity1 , proliferated in response to @entity1 @entity11217 (P = 0.05). In contrast, proliferation in response to the @entity526 @entity11217 was equivalent in both groups. Within the infertile group, the response to @entity1 @entity11217 was 40.7% among @entity1 with a history of @entity2208 and only 12% in those with no history of @entity2208 (P = 0.003). There was no association between immunity to @entity526 @entity11217 and @entity2208 or between immunity to @entity1 @entity11217 and therapeutic @entity5852 or the cause of @entity249 . Immunity to the @entity526 @entity11217 was associated with @entity46 . CONCLUSIONS: A cell-mediated autoimmune response to @entity1 @entity11217 is associated with a history of @entity2208 , whereas immunity to @entity526 @entity11217 was most prevalent in @entity1 with @entity46 .

title: Cell-mediated immunity to XXXX and @entity526 60-kDa @entity1457 protein in @entity1 : association with a history of @entity2208 and @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In selected @entity1 with @entity7874 , balloon valvuloplasty is an intermediate alternative to surgery. The effect of balloon valvuloplasty to increase valve area, however, is limited and the restenosis rate is high during follow-up. To improve the results and reduce the complication rate, a new device for valvuloplasty of @entity7874 was developed. This system consists of three expandable prongs mounted on a freely movable catheter tip. To evaluate the efficacy of this new device, valvuloplasty was performed in 10 @entity1 with severe @entity472 intraoperatively just prior to valve replacement. Comparison was made with the results of @entity384 performed in an additional 20 @entity1 during surgery. Using the new device, the relative orifice area increased from 10 +/- 3% before to 20 +/- 6% following intervention. However, in only one @entity1 was a considerable increase of static valve area (greater than 15%) found. The results were comparable to the effect of @entity384 , which led to an increase of orifice area from 12 +/- 7% to 24 +/- 10%. With both systems, the best results were achieved in @entity1 with @entity472 and significant commissural fusion. In contrast, in bicuspid or tricuspid valves without fused commissures the effect of the intervention was limited. Because @entity886 not occur during dilatation, this new device might be superior to @entity384 . Preselection of @entity1 according to the morphology of the valve seems mandatory to improve the success and reduce the complication rate of valvuloplasty in @entity472 .

title: Intraoperative valvuloplasty in XXXX : a study comparing the mechanism of a novel expandable device with @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['conventional balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the aortic valve does']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity7874 :: (MESH:C562942,Disease) :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue contains an abundant population of multipotent @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and has been an excellent source of mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. To ensure successful cell therapies, consistency of stem cell performance across donors is critical. However, the effect of the donor's reproductive status on ASC proliferation rate and differentiation capacity is undefined. METHODS: We investigated whether the yield and function of @entity1358 are affected by the @entity1 's reproductive status: pregnancy, premenopause or menopause. @entity1358 were isolated from the abdomen of 15 @entity1 and their proliferation rates and differentiation capacities were compared by cell count. The capacity of @entity1358 to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the differentiation capacity between the three groups, whereas the proliferation rate of @entity1358 from pregnant @entity1 was significantly higher than from the other two groups (P < 0.05). The proliferation rate of @entity1358 after @entity172 treatment remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the higher proliferation rate in pregnant @entity1 , @entity1358 showed consistency in cell differentiation capacity and were unaffected by donor status. This suggests that factors other than @entity172 are responsible for the difference in proliferation.

title: Adipose-derived stem cells from pregnant @entity1 show higher proliferation rate unrelated to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adipose-derived stem cells', 'ASCs']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The naphthodiantrones @entity19486 and @entity55882 , ingredients of hypericum extracts, are known as potent photosensitizers that may cause @entity6337 effects in grazing animals after excessive ingestion of hypericum species and in some cases in higher concentrations of hypericum extracts oder pure @entity19486 in @entity1 as well. Therefore, the objective of the present studies was to investigate the effect of two different hypericum extracts (STW 3, STW 3-VI) on photosensitivity with respect to minimal erythema dose (MED) after 14 days treatment. Both open, multiple-dose, one-phase studies were conducted in 20 healthy @entity1 , receiving one tablet per day. MED values were determined prior to hypericum extract administration (baseline) and after 14 days treatment using an erythem tester emitting a light very similar to sun light (main emission spectrum: 285-350 nm). Skin reactions with respect to MED were evaluated 12 h, 24 h (primary endpoint), 48 h and 7 days after irradiation. All volunteers reached steady-state of @entity19486 / @entity55882 plasma concentrations before study day 14, when the irradiation under treatment conditions took place. In all subjects MED was measurable under baseline and under hypericum treatment conditions. With respect to the primary endpoint, in both studies, mean MED (24 h) were not significantly different between baseline and after 14 days hypericum treatment. However, individually photosensitivity of the skin could increase under treatment conditions, just as well photosensitivity could decrease or remain unchanged. There were no clinically relevant changes in the laboratory parameters, the vital signs, physical findings and other observations related to safety during the examinations. In one study (STW 3), two adverse events were reported, both described as @entity56 to light in mild Intensity. The two studies showed that treatment with the two hypericum extracts under steady state and under prescribed conditions were safe medications without significant increases of photosensitivity.

title: Investigation of the effect on photosensitivity following multiple oral dosing of two different hypericum extracts in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic']

entities_list: @entity55882 :: ('MESH:C056602', 'Chemical') :: ['pseudohypericin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['hypericin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The @entity47430 - @entity47431 -mediated inductive signaling pathway plays a major role during vulval development in @entity2199 . Studies on the components of this pathway have revealed positive as well as negative regulators that function to modulate the strength and specificity of the signal transduction cascade. We have carried out genetic screens to identify new regulators of this pathway by screening for suppressors of @entity47430 vulvaless phenotype. The screens recovered three loci including alleles of @entity54697 and a new gene represented by sli-3. Our genetic epistasis experiments suggest that sli-3 functions either downstream or in parallel to nuclear factors @entity54698 and @entity25613 . sli-3 synergistically interacts with the previously identified negative regulators of the @entity47431 signaling pathway and causes excessive cell proliferation. However, in the absence of any other mutation sli-3 mutant animals display wild-type vulval induction and morphology. We propose that sli-3 functions as a negative regulator of vulval induction and defines a branch of the inductive signaling pathway. We provide evidence that sli-3 interacts with the EGF signaling pathway components during vulval induction but not during viability and ovulation processes. Thus, sli-3 helps define specificity of the EGF signaling to induce the vulva.

title: sli-3 negatively regulates the XXXX /epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated vulval induction pathway in @entity2199 .

answer: @entity47431 :: (174462(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['LET-23']


abstract: Intravagal @entity3243 are rare, with only three cases reported in the English literature. The objective of this report is to describe two additional @entity1 with @entity6392 parathyroid glands found within the vagus nerve and to define the anatomy of this finding. Both @entity1 presented with a history of persistent @entity2742 despite multiple therapeutic interventions. A high cervical localization was established in both cases by selective venous sampling. In each @entity1 successful removal of the intravagal parathyroid gland was achieved with subsequent resolution of @entity460 and parathyroid levels. Each @entity652 was located within the vagus nerve below the level of the carotid bifurcation and was enucleated without sacrificing the vagus nerve. In our cases and those reported previously, the parathyroid glands were supernumerary, representing parathyroid tissue embryologically derived from the third branchial pouch. Exploration for @entity2742 requires a complete, meticulous surgical dissection to identify all parathyroid glands and to search for possible accessory tissue in selected cases. Our experience and a review of the literature serve to emphasize that, although rare, intravagal @entity3243 do occur. Examination of the vagus nerve should therefore be strongly considered when four normal glands are found, as intravagal @entity652 appear to represent accessory ectopically located parathyroid tissue.

title: Identification and management of intravagal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunctioning']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: The purpose was to investigate the influence of ongoing @entity158 from an inflammatory @entity158 with two different disease durations on somatosensory functions and the effect of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) on 'diffuse noxious inhibitory controls' (DNIC) related mechanisms. Eleven @entity1 with @entity309 of a short duration (<1 year) ( @entity35125 ), and 10 @entity1 with @entity309 of longer duration (>5 years) ( @entity40009 ) as well as 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls participated. @entity158 sensitivity, low threshold mechanoreceptive function and thermal sensitivity, including thermal @entity158 , were assessed over a @entity158 and inflamed joint as well as in a @entity158 , i.e. the right thigh before HNCS (cold-pressor test) and repeated at the thigh only during and following HNCS. In @entity35125 and @entity40009 @entity1931 to pressure was seen over the joint (p<0.02 and p<0.001 respectively) in conjunction with hypoaesthesia to light touch (p<0.02) and hyperaesthesia to innocuous cold (p<0.05) in @entity40009 . At the thigh, @entity1931 to pressure was found in @entity40009 (p<0.002). During HNCS, the sensitivity to pressure @entity158 decreased in @entity1 and controls alike (p<0.001). In conclusion, over an inflamed joint @entity1931 to pressure was found in both RA groups, with additional sensory abnormalities in @entity40009 . In a @entity158 , @entity1931 to pressure was found in @entity40009 , suggesting altered central processing of somatosensory functions in @entity40009 @entity1 . The response to HNCS was similar in both RA groups and controls, indicating preserved function of @entity17087 -related mechanisms.

title: Somatosensory perception and function of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in XXXX suffering from @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive pain', 'pain-free area', 'Pressure pain', 'pain', 'non-painful area', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The implantation of fetal nigral tissue into the striatum of @entity1 with @entity191 is a promising approach to treatment which may produce clinical benefit partly by influencing drug responsiveness. The purpose of the present study was to determine the pharmacological mechanisms which drug response changes by measuring to what extent sensitization produced by repeated @entity3826 treatment was attenuated by tissue implantation in @entity35 with @entity75 . Prior to implantation of nigral cell suspensions, the daily administration of @entity3826 to @entity35 with unilateral @entity2955 lesions produced a progressive increase in the magnitude and duration of rotational behaviour. After implantation, @entity3826 -induced rotational effects were reduced to levels observed upon the initial exposure to drug and did not increase following repeated treatment. Attenuated responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists were also observed after implantation. In vehicle-implanted @entity35 , the initial response to @entity3826 was attenuated but then increased following repeated @entity3826 administration. No attenuation in responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists was observed in this group. Cell suspensions prepared from fresh and cyropreserved tissue produced similar behavioural effects, even though the volume of transplanted striatum exhibiting @entity669 hydroxylase activity was greater with fresh tissue. The duration of rotational behaviour induced by @entity3826 was not affected by cell implantation. These findings suggest that the expression of sensitization in an animal model of @entity304 may disappear after a period without drug treatment. Implantation of nigral tissue may produce beneficial results in @entity304 by limiting the development of @entity935 agonist-induced sensitization.

title: The effect of nigral implantation on sensitization to @entity935 agonists in XXXX -lesioned @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nigrostriatal lesions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']


abstract: The present study investigated @entity32 -induced changes in adrenergic regulation of smooth muscle. @entity1960 was induced in @entity35 by intrarectal administration of @entity1959 in @entity1068 . After 4 h (acute) or 7 days (chronic), in vitro isometric tension was measured in strips of circular smooth muscle taken from the distal colon. In controls, the major inhibitory control of smooth muscle responses to nerve stimulation was mediated by @entity842 and beta adrenergic receptors. There was less evidence of alpha adrenergic control. Studies with the beta3 receptor antagonist @entity30828 and the beta3 receptor agonist @entity3047 revealed that beta adrenergic regulation of spontaneous contractions and responses to nerve stimulation were mediated primarily by the @entity18635 . Both @entity4432 significantly increased responses to electrical field stimulation. This effect was attributed to a loss of inhibitory nitrergic regulation as well as to selective changes in the beta adrenergic control of colonic circular smooth muscle. Inflammation did not alter alpha adrenergic control. @entity1960 also decreased the sensitivity to nerve stimulation and pharmacological contractile agents. @entity32 reduced the ability of @entity3047 to inhibit contractions in response to nerve stimulation. In addition, in inflamed colon, @entity3047 was less effective in relaxing @entity5402 -induced precontractions. Finally, @entity32 resulted in a loss of the ability of the @entity30828 to increase the amplitude of both spontaneous contractions and contractions in response to nerve stimulation. These effects indicated that @entity1960 induced a down-regulation of inhibitory beta3 adrenergic control of colonic smooth muscle function. This loss of adrenergic regulation may contribute to the @entity294 in @entity29 .

title: XXXX -induced alterations in adrenergic control of circular smooth muscle in vitro in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity30828 :: ('MESH:C047975', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanopindolol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic colitis', 'colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['Colitis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 were given @entity2591 labeled at position 4 with radioactive @entity505 (14C) by either the intravenous (iv) or subcutaneous (sc) route. Absorption of the drug from the sc injection site was rapid and peak plasma levels were attained within one-half hour. Within 2 hours, the plasma level of radioactivity was approximately equal to that noted in the @entity1 treated iv. The plasma half-life after iv injection was 3.5 hours; after sc administration, the plasma half-life was 4.2 hours. @entity1 receiving the drug sc excreted less drug in the urine than did those receiving the drug iv. No radioactivity was detected in the expired @entity544 when the drug was given by either route. Drug uptake into @entity5 tissue was always greater than uptake into surrounding normal tissue. The highest concentrations of radioactivity in the tissues were achieved when the drug had been given iv. Traces of radioactivity were still detectable in the tissues for as long as 6 days after administration of the drug. The incorporation of radioactivity into @entity5 RNA but not into DNA was demonstrated. The maximum level of radioactivity detected in the spinal fluid was equivalent to 0.2 microg of @entity2591 per milliliter of fluid.

title: Absorption, distribution, and excretion of @entity2591 ( @entity2591 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1118 often complain of difficulties with cognitive functioning. Previous studies suggest that these occur with no history of @entity542 or @entity16 . This study examined potential predictors of @entity73 in 275 consecutive @entity1 referred to a university @entity158 management center. @entity1 completed a brief set of self-report measures of problems with cognitive functioning, biographical information, @entity158 severity, @entity158 location, @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity25 , medication use, and litigation status during their first visit to the clinic. The most frequently reported @entity73 included forgetfulness (23.4%), minor accidents (23.1%), difficulty finishing tasks (20.5%), and difficulty with attention (18.7%). Fifty-four percent of @entity1 reported at least one problem with cognitive functioning. Correlation analyses showed that using antidepressants, @entity158 severity, @entity158 -related @entity148 , and @entity308 were moderately associated with @entity73 . Regression analyses showed that @entity308 accounted for the largest unique proportion of variance in @entity73 (DeltaR2 = 29%). Given the high frequency of complaints of @entity73 , this realm of functioning deserves routine assessment. When these complaints are encountered, a careful evaluation considering a range of neurological, social, and emotional influences is in order.

title: Predicting complaints of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints', 'total cognitive complaints', 'impaired cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired cognitive functioning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports suggest that younger carriers of the @entity5337 mutation are at greater risk for @entity1211 than are older carriers. However, available data on @entity1031 risk are limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine age-specific incidence rates of @entity1211 associated with the @entity5337 mutation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. @entity1 : 14,916 initially healthy @entity1 participating in the Physicians' Health Study who were followed from 1982 to August 1994 for the occurrence of @entity1150 or @entity1151 . MEASUREMENTS: Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine @entity5337 mutation status in 156 study @entity1 who developed @entity1211 during follow-up and in 2406 study @entity1 who remained free of @entity455 . RESULTS: Risks for @entity1211 in heterozygous carriers of @entity5337 mutation increased with age at a rate significantly greater than that in noncarriers. Whereas incidence rates of @entity1211 were similar in @entity1 with and @entity1 without the @entity5337 mutation who were younger than 50 years of age, incidence rate differences (per 1000 @entity1 -years of observation) between affected and unaffected @entity1 increased significantly from 1.23 (95% CI, -0.4 to 2.9) for those aged 50 to 59 years to 1.61 (CI, -0.5 to 3.7) for those aged 60 to 69 years of age to 5.97 (CI, 0.6 to 11.3) for those aged 70 years or older (P for trend = 0.008). For @entity1211 , age-specific incidence rate differences between @entity1 with and without the @entity5337 mutation increased significantly with age (P = 0.017). However, no significant relation was found for secondary events (P > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of @entity1211 involves acquired as well as genetic risk factors and indicate that determination of @entity5337 mutation status should not be limited to young @entity1 .

title: Age-specific incidence rates of @entity1211 among heterozygous carriers of XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: Between 1964 and 1986, 487 @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were treated with @entity1499 and @entity4181 . The @entity1 comprise two groups: between 1964 and 1974, 126 @entity1 were treated but were not systematically stratified using a prognostic score before the start of treatment. These @entity1 formed part of the 317 @entity1 who were analysed to identify a number of prognostic variables (Bagshawe 1976). Retrospective analysis of these 126 @entity1 using these prognostic factors showed that in the true low-risk group 85/88 (96%) are alive while 20/22 (91%) of the medium-risk group and only 5/16 (31%) of the high-risk group are alive. Overall the survival was 110/126 (87%) with a minimum follow-up of 14 years. From 1974 all @entity1 were stratified on admission into prognostic groups. Of the true low-risk @entity1 347/348 survived (99.7%); 13 @entity1 were underscored and treated as low risk when they should have been treated as medium risk, 12 (92%) of these are alive, but nine (69%) needed to change treatment because of drug resistance. While the overall survival in the 1974-1986 group was 359/361 (99%) with a minimum follow-up of 16 months, the survival in all @entity1 (1964-1986) was 469/487 (96%). Although the survival in these @entity1 is excellent it should be noted that 69/348 (20%) low-risk @entity1 had to change treatment because of the development of drug resistance, and a further 23 (6%) needed to change treatment because of drug-induced @entity137 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of low-dose @entity1499 and @entity4181 in @entity5 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GTT', 'gestational trophoblastic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['GTT']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CT-guided percutaneous @entity1068 ablation ( @entity3587 ) has been widely used in treating @entity5 such as @entity157 , @entity2 , adrenal nonfunctional @entity652 . This study was to explore the efficacy, safety and feasibility of CT-guided @entity3587 in treating @entity703 in @entity95 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity95 carrying VX2 @entity5 were randomized into @entity3587 group (15 @entity95 ) and control group (10 @entity95 ). After CT-guided @entity3587 , the area of the largest cross section @entity4831 deposition in @entity3587 group was measured. After one week, the kidneys carrying VX2 @entity5 were removed, @entity5 size in both groups and the area of the largest cross section @entity39 in @entity3587 group were measured. @entity2737 and the changes of living habits of the @entity95 were observed after experiment. RESULTS: A total of 25 VX2 @entity5 were developed in the 25 @entity95 . The area of the largest cross section was 1.38-2.25 cm(2), with an average of (1.61+/-0.04) cm(2). There was no significant difference in @entity5 size between the two groups. After ablation, the area of @entity4831 deposition in @entity3587 group was 1.31-1.85 cm(2), with an average of (1.56+/-0.05) cm(2). At one week after ablation, the area of the largest cross section of @entity5 was significant smaller in @entity3587 group than in control group [(1.58+/-0.03) cm(2) vs. (1.94+/-0.03) cm(2), P<0.05]; the area of @entity39 in @entity3587 group was 1.27-1.78 cm(2), with an average of (1.54 +/-0.04) cm(2), and was similar to the area of @entity4831 deposition (P>0.05). Tumor tissue in ablation areas showed acidophilia changes and irregular @entity39 . There was no obvious complication in @entity3587 group. CONCLUSION: CT-guided @entity3587 can effectively inactivate @entity95 kidney VX2 @entity5 , and it is a safe and feasible treatment without obvious complications.

title: [Experimental study of CT-guided percutaneous @entity1068 ablation in XXXX renal VX2 @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity259 is a rare @entity5 that appears in two distinct forms. The rarer familial form is genetically determined. The sporadic form is more common, but its aetiology has not been defined clearly so far. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for development of sporadic @entity259 (sMTC). A case-control study was carried out during the period 2000-2009. The case group included 98 consecutive @entity1 with sMTC. The control group comprised twice as many cases (196), who were neighbours of the @entity1 from the case group. @entity1 were individually matched by sex, age and place of residence. Conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were applied in data analyses. According to the univariate logistic regression method, sMTC was significantly related to smoking status, duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, personal history of goitre or thyroid nodules, personal history of @entity5 , menarche after 14 years of age, first full-term pregnancy before 20 years of age and usage of oral contraceptives. According to the multivariate logistic regression method, sMTC was independently related to smoking status [odds ratio (OR)=0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.20-0.90], personal history of goitre or thyroid nodules (OR=11.29, 95% CI=1.16-73.45) and menarche after 14 years of age (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.33-6.28). Risk factors for sMTC were goitre or thyroid nodules and late menarche; cigarette smoking appeared to be a protective factor.

title: Risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonthyroid cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid cancer', 'Medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity712 is a widely prevalent sequel to @entity583 and other chronic conditions (including ischaemia without @entity1188 , @entity101 , @entity281 , toxic @entity209 ). Exercise tolerance is severely limited; the cardiac ejection fraction is often less than 20% and the peak @entity26 intake may be less than 10 ml/kg x min, with a resulting deterioration in the quality of life. Possible factors contributing to the poor tolerance of exercise include: (i) disturbances of myocardial function (damage to the ventricular wall; decreased inotropic response, @entity339 and increased diastolic pressures); (ii) peripheral vascular factors (decreased metaboreceptor discharge, reduced vasodilator response, increased activity of sympathetic afferents and less efficient distribution of cardiac output); (iii) hormonal disturbances (increases of @entity2661 , renin/angiotensin/ @entity1369 , antidiuretic and natriuretic factors, endothelin and decreased endothelium-relaxing factor); (iv) @entity121 (loss of lean tissue, increase of type II fibres, increased impedance to perfusion, enzyme changes); (v) ventilatory disturbances (increased @entity26 cost of activity, @entity891 , increased ventilatory drive, mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, increased anaerobic effort); and (vi) psychological factors ( @entity148 , @entity308 and iatrogenic limitation of effort). The prognosis with conventional treatment is poor, but @entity1 with stable @entity712 respond favourably to a progressive exercise programme. @entity1017 depend on the cause of congestive failure, initial status, study duration and compliance, and the type of training programme. Most studies to date have been short term (4 to 16 weeks), and relatively few have adopted a randomised controlled design. Suggested bases for the enhancement of aerobic performance of up to 20% include an increased intensity of peak effort, an enhanced matching of ventilation to perfusion, improved cardiac function, a strengthening of skeletal muscle and an increase of aerobic enzyme activity in the muscles. A few studies have continued for a year or longer and it appears that the gains realised over the first 16 weeks of training can be sustained for this period; the quality of life is enhanced, but data are as yet insufficient to judge effects upon mortality rates. Useful clinical information can be obtained from a 6-minute walk, but the choice for more precise evaluation lies between a measurement of ventilatory threshold or peak @entity26 intake. Given initial @entity2057 , prescribed exercise should include both aerobic activity and resisted muscle exercises.

title: Exercise for XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['various infections']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Reported gains']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['impaired muscle function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional hemodialysis (HD) predominates over @entity298 ( @entity298 ) around the world. Prospective and comparative studies comparing the costs of these modalities are scarce. In the present prospective assessment, we describe the resources used and total @entity1 costs for both HD and @entity298 .     METHODOLOGY: We assessed 249 @entity1 on HD and 228 on @entity298 . All @entity1 were 18 years of age or older and on stable dialysis. The information was collected at three points over 1 year, using standard questionnaires. The sources for costs were the Brazilian public and private health care systems. Societal perspective was considered.     STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Core trends and dispersions were measured. Regression models assessed the impact of modality on the average total cost per @entity1 per year.     RESULTS: Of the 249 HD @entity1 and 228 @entity298 dialysis @entity1 , 189 (74%) and 160 (70%) respectively completed follow-up. The mean age for @entity1 was 55.8 years; for @entity1 , it was 59.8 years (p = 0.001). The average total cost per @entity1 -year was US 28 570 for HD and US 27 158 for @entity298 . By category, the costs consisted of direct medical-hospital costs (82.3% for HD, 86.5% for @entity298 ), direct nonmedical costs (5.3% for HD, 3.7% for @entity298 ), and indirect costs (12.4% for HD, 9.8% for @entity298 ). Overall costs were less for @entity298 @entity1 than for their HD counterparts (p = 0.025).     CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance dialysis represented the most important source of costs for both modalities; loss of productivity incurred significant costs. Future studies should contemplate the social consequences arising from each modality.

title: A cost evaluation of XXXX and hemodialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal disease in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, subfascial ligation of perforator veins to treat @entity3179 in the lower extremities required long skin incisions through diseased skin and subcutaneous tissue. This was known as "the Linton operation." In 1985, Hauer described an endoscopic technique for ligating incompetent perforator veins; this seminal contribution marked the advent of @entity937 ( @entity937 ). METHODS: From 1996 to 1998, we prospectively collected data on 41 @entity1 with @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) who underwent a @entity937 procedure at our institution. Preoperative assessment consisted of color-flow duplex ultrasound scanning, as well as ascending and descending phlebography. RESULTS: Some 45 @entity937 procedures were performed on the 41 @entity1 . Ages ranged from 42 to 84 years (mean, 60). Active @entity3179 were present in 37 legs; healing occurred within 9 weeks in 33 of them. No new @entity1066 developed in the follow-up period, a mean of 44 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the @entity937 procedure incorporated into the overall treatment plan for @entity1 with @entity4096 produces active healing with a minimum of postoperative complications. The study demonstrates the safety and efficiency of this procedure; it also underscores the important role incompetent perforator veins have in the formation of @entity3179 .

title: Endoscopic subfascial surgery for incompetent perforator veins in XXXX with active @entity3179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['SEPS', 'subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Non-MHC-restricted rejection mechanisms against the @entity19 MHC-negative F9 @entity189 cells were analyzed. Strains of C57BL/6 (B6) background were resistant to the @entity5 irrespective of H-2 haplotypes, while others, including BALB/c background, were susceptible. This resistance was suggested to be mediated primarily by the host thymus-dependent alphabeta T cells, since both athymic B6 nude and normal B6 @entity19 depleted with alphabeta T cells showed susceptible phenotype. The difference of the nature of alphabeta T cells infiltrating in H-2-identical B6- and BALB.B-derived @entity5 was then comparatively analyzed. It was revealed that unique T cells with @entity11386 + @entity1961 - CD8- (double negative (DN)) alphabeta TCR+ phenotype were accumulated significantly in B6, but few in BALB.B @entity19 . The population freshly isolated from the F9 @entity5 tissues preferentially expressed potent @entity58 mRNA, and was suggested to be mostly responsible for the endogenous @entity58 production. Indeed, the injection of either anti- @entity11386 or anti- @entity58 -neutralizing Ab into the normal B6 rendered them significantly susceptible to the @entity5 cells. These results strongly suggested that @entity11386 + DN alphabeta T cells were responsible primarily for the rejection mechanisms against @entity5 . Histologically, @entity5 in B6 @entity19 were characterized by abundant macrophage infiltration and massive @entity5 necrosis, neither of which was observed in those in BALB.B nor B6 @entity19 preinjected with anti- @entity58 Ab, indicating that both histologic features in the resistant strain were dependent on the endogenous @entity58 . Present results provide one of the first instances in which a recently emerging minor T cell subpopulation, thymus-dependent @entity11386 + DN alphabeta T cells, plays an essential role in anti- @entity5 responses in vivo.

title: Involvement of @entity11386 + @entity1961 - CD8- alphabeta T cells and endogenous @entity58 in non-MHC-restricted rejection of XXXX in genetically resistant @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'F9 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['embryonal carcinoma']