abstract: The acute haemodynamic effects of seven different drugs were serially evaluated in eight @entity1 suffering from @entity120 of unknown cause. The following drugs were tested in randomized order: @entity594 , @entity11073 , @entity3044 , @entity3371 , @entity4770 , @entity11848 and @entity1242 . Only a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of more than 30% of baseline was considered a satisfactory response. Overall, the decrease in PVR ranged from 9 +/- 12% ( @entity1242 ) to 38 +/- 23% (prostacyclin). However, marked inter- and intra-individual variability in the efficacy of all drugs was observed, making cross reactivity totally unpredictable. The number of responders for each drug varied between five (prostacyclin) and zero ( @entity11848 , @entity1242 ). Conversely, a maximum of three drugs was capable of eliciting a response in an individual @entity1 , with only two out of eight @entity1 being total non-responders. A reduction in PVR of more than 30% (n = 16) was associated with a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (49.1 +/- 8.2 versus 39.4 +/- 6.4 mmHg) and a significant increase in cardiac index (2.5 +/- 0.6 versus 3.4 +/- 0.8l.min-1.m-2). Overall, none of the drugs tested proved to be clearly superior. However, because of marked inter- and intra-individual variability, the therapeutic approach must be based on trial and error and the evaluation of all drugs is indicated if one fails.

title: Drug-testing in @entity1 with XXXX of unknown cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: CONTEXT: Adding @entity1372 (Na(+)) to drinks improves rehydration and ad libitum fluid consumption. Clinicians (   25%) use pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Scientists warn against PJ ingestion, fearing it will cause rapid plasma volume restoration and thereby decrease thirst and delay rehydration. Advice about drinking PJ has been developed but never tested. OBJECTIVE: To determine if drinking small volumes of PJ, @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ), or deionized water (DIW) affects ad libitum DIW ingestion, plasma variables, or perceptual indicators. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Laboratory. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Fifteen, euhydrated (urine specific gravity  <= 1.01) @entity1 (age = 22    2 years, height = 178    6 cm, mass = 82.9    8.4 kg). INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 completed 3 testing days (>=  72 hours between days). After a 30-minute rest, a blood sample was collected. @entity1 completed 60 minutes of hard exercise (temperature = 36    2  C, relative humidity = 16    1%). Postexercise, they rested for 30 minutes; had a blood sample collected; rated thirst, fullness, and @entity390 ; and ingested 83    8 mL of PJ, @entity4372 , or DIW. They rated drink @entity2419 (100-mm visual analog scale) and were allowed to drink DIW ad libitum for 60 minutes. Blood samples and thirst, fullness, and @entity390 ratings (100-mm visual analog scales) were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes posttreatment drink ingestion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ad libitum DIW volume, percentage change in plasma volume, plasma osmolality (OSMp,) plasma @entity1372 concentration ([Na(+)]p), and thirst, fullness, @entity390 , and @entity2419 ratings. RESULTS: @entity1 consumed more DIW ad libitum after @entity4372 (708.03    371.03 mL) than after DIW (532.99    337.14 mL, P < .05). Ad libitum DIW ingested after PJ (700.35    366.15 mL) was similar to that after @entity4372 and DIW (P > .05). Plasma @entity1372 concentration, OSMp, percentage change in plasma volume, thirst, fullness, and @entity390 did not differ among treatment drinks over time (P > .05). Deionized water (73    14 mm) was more palatable than @entity4372 (17    13 mm) or PJ (26    16 mm, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The rationale behind advice about drinking PJ is questionable. @entity1 drank more, not less, after PJ ingestion, and plasma variables and perceptual indicators were similar after PJ and DIW ingestion. Pickle juice did not inhibit short-term rehydration.

title: Ad libitum fluid intake and plasma responses after pickle juice, XXXX , or deionized water ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hypertonic saline']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatability']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic saline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 impair foot and @entity2720 , often leading to abnormal stresses and impact forces. The purpose of our study was to determine differences in radiographic measures of hind foot alignment and @entity2720 in @entity1 with and without @entity1109 and to determine the relationships between radiographic measures of hind foot alignment to ankle and @entity2720 in @entity1 with and without @entity1109 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were studied in three groups. Forty @entity1 had @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) with 20 @entity1 having @entity1109 due to Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), while 20 @entity1 did not have @entity85 . @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity16 with and without @entity85 were compared to 20 young control @entity1 without @entity6 , @entity1897 . @entity810 and calcaneal inclination angles were assessed on lateral view weight bearing radiograph. Ankle dorsiflexion, @entity6380 and eversion were assessed by goniometry. RESULTS: @entity810 angle averaged 34  9, 26  4 and 23  3 degrees in @entity1 with @entity85 and young control @entity1 , respectively (p< 0.010). Calcaneal inclination angle averaged 11  10, 18  9 and 21  4 degrees, respectively (p< 0.010). @entity3681 motion averaged 23  11, 38  10 and 47  7 degrees (p<0.010). The association between talar declination and calcaneal inclination angles with @entity3681 is strongest in @entity1 with @entity1109 . @entity1 with @entity3029 result in the most severe restrictions in @entity2720 motions. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing talar declination angle and decreasing calcaneal inclination angle is associated with decreases in @entity3681 in individuals with @entity1109 due to CN that may contribute to excessive stresses and ultimately plantar ulceration of the midfoot.

title: XXXX : associations with ankle and @entity2720 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint plantar flexion motion', 'ankle plantar flexion range of motion', 'Ankle plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic midfoot deformity', 'neuropathic midfoot deformities', 'Neuropathic deformities']

entities_list: @entity6380 :: ('MESH:D007446', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion and subtalar inversion']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'PN or deformity', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Talar declination']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar joint motion', 'ankle joint plantar flexion and subtalar joint inversion', 'ankle joint and subtalar joint motion', 'ankle joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'deformity, without deformity']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['talonavicular and calcaneocuboid dislocations']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic midfoot deformity']


abstract: AIMS: @entity460 dyshomeostasis is implicated in the pathogenesis of several @entity179 including @entity195 . However, much of the previous research has focused on changes in neuronal @entity460 signalling. In a recent microarray study we identified dysregulation of several key signalling pathways including the @entity141 signalling pathway in astrocytes as @entity195 developed. In this study we sought to determine the expression of @entity40759 and @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha (CamKIIa) in relation to @entity195 in a population-based study. METHODS: Using post mortem temporal cortex samples derived from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS) ageing brain cohort we examined @entity40759 and CamKIIa gene and protein expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We demonstrate that astrocytic expression of @entity40759 is up-regulated, and CamKIIa down-regulated with increasing Braak stage. Using immunohistochemistry we confirm protein expression of @entity40759 in astrocytes throughout the temporal cortex and demonstrate that @entity40759 immunoreactivity is correlated with both local and global measures of @entity195 . In addition, we identify a subpopulation of @entity40759 immunoreactive interlaminar astrocytes that extend processes deep into the cortex. CamKIIa is predominantly neuronal in localization and is associated with the presence of diffuse plaques in the ageing brain. DISCUSSION: Dysregulated expression of key @entity460 signalling molecules occurs with progression of @entity195 in the ageing brain, highlighting the need for further functional studies of astrocytic @entity460 signalling with respect to disease progression.

title: XXXX dysregulation in relation to @entity195 in the ageing brain.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer-type pathology', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1 infected by multidrug resistant bacteria is a major challenge. Immunocompromised status, prolonged hospital stay, malignancy, diabetes are some of the risk factors for emergence of multidrug resistance. Our study focused on microbiological and clinical profile of multidrug resistant uropathogenic @entity526 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2014-May 2015 in Kathmandu University Hospital. Urine sample from outpatients and inpatients from which @entity526 isolated was included. Specimen collection, culture, identification tests were done following guidelines given by American Society for Microbiology. RESULTS: Total number of urine samples received during the study were 3,554. @entity526 isolates were 645(18.14%) and 245(37.98%) were Extended Spectrum @entity14474 producer. Extended Spectrum @entity14474 producers were found more among inpatients 148(60.41%) [p<0.001], @entity1 with underlying urological abnormalities 38 (15.51%) [p=0.0039], pregnant ladies 46(18.77%) [p=0.0028], diabetic @entity1 27 (11.02%) [p=0.0084], @entity1 who received prior antibiotic therapy 155 (63.26%) [p=0.0043] than Extended Spectrum @entity14474 non-producer. Malignancy was seen more among Extended Spectrum @entity14474 producer having @entity1 5 (2.04%) [p=0.031] and all these isolates were more resistant to @entity2887 168(68.57%), @entity799 239 (97.55%) [p=0.0633], @entity581 [p=0.0001] but only 2(0.80%) were resistant to carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes, pregnancy, malignancy, prior antibiotic therapy, underlying urological abnormalities were found associated with emergence of Extended Spectrum @entity14474 producer in urine samples. Proper antibiotic usage may help to overcome the problem of emergence of antibiotic resistance.

title: Microbiological and Clinical Profile of Uropathogenic XXXX Isolates in Kathmandu University Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Recent developments in @entity547 repair techniques have led to the design of @entity702 staples. In a @entity547 repair, a @entity7502 mesh is stapled over the direct and indirect @entity547 sites in the inguinal region. The effectiveness of these staples in holding the prosthetic mesh, and therefore providing adequate strength to the abdominal wall, has not been yet investigated. We have characterized the bursting strength (BS) of an experimental @entity547 mesh repair fixed with @entity7502 suture, which is used extensively for this procedure, and the BS of repairs fixed with two currently available staplers, the Endopath EMS endoscopic multifeed stapler and the Endo Hernia stapler. We first simulated abdominal wall hernias in 16 piglets by creating incisions on both sides of the abdomen of each animal. Each defect was then covered with a @entity7502 mesh, which was fixed on one side with @entity7502 sutures and on the other side using either the Endopath EMS (Group 1) or the Endo Hernia stapler (Group 2). The abdominal tissue with the mesh covering the defect was then excised and the BS evaluated using an Instron machine. Since many mechanical characteristics contribute to the BS of a repair, we investigated these characteristics in vitro, including tensile properties of the staples and the prosthetic mesh as well as the suture-tearing resistance of the mesh. @entity7502 mesh exhibits the same elongation in the three directions, i.e. 0 degrees , 45 degrees and 90 degrees . This elongation was estimated at 136% (SD = 130).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mechanical characterization of endoscopic surgical staples during an experimental XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['Polypropylene', 'polypropylene', 'Prolene']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'laparoscopic hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to be as effective as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for @entity308 . The authors conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to test the equivalence of rTMS with ECT. METHOD: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity308 referred for ECT were randomly assigned to either a 15-day course of rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (N=24) or a standard course of ECT (N=22). The primary outcome measures were the score on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the proportion of @entity1 with remissions (Hamilton score, <or=8) at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included mood self-ratings on the Beck Depression Inventory-II and visual analogue mood scales, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score, and both self-reported and observer-rated cognitive changes. The @entity1 were followed up after 6 months. RESULTS: HAM-D scores at the end of treatment were significantly lower for ECT, with 13 @entity1 (59.1%) achieving remission in the ECT group and four (16.7%) in the rTMS group. However, at 6 months the HAM-D scores did not differ between groups. Beck scale, visual analogue mood scale, and BPRS scores were lower for ECT at the end of treatment and remained lower after 6 months. Self- and observer-rated cognitive measures were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: rTMS was not as effective as ECT, and ECT was substantially more effective for the short-term treatment of @entity308 .

title: A randomized, controlled trial with 6-month follow-up of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity6 is a risk factor for various types of @entity74 . The mechanisms underlying @entity6 associated @entity924 remain unclear, but typically, systemic factors related to high blood @entity413 levels are thought to be causally involved. We hypothesize that tendon immanent cells might be directly involved in @entity6 . We therefore analyzed @entity1 and @entity35 tendons by immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection, and single cell PCR for pancreatic b-cell associated markers. Moreover, we examined the short term effects of a single injection of @entity3839 , a toxin for @entity21144 expressing cells, in @entity35 on insulin expression of tendon cells, and on the biomechanical properties of Achilles tendons. Tendon cells, both in the perivascular area and in the dense collagenous tissue express insulin and @entity21144 on both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, glucagon and @entity25680 are present in tendon cells. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity3839 caused a @entity393 and insulin mRNA in @entity35 Achilles tendons after only 5 days, accompanied by a 40% reduction of mechanical strength. In summary, a so far unrecognized, extrapancreatic, insulin-producing cell type, possibly playing a major role in the pathophysiology of @entity6 is described. In view of these data, novel strategies in tendon repair may be considered. The potential of the described cells as a tool for treating @entity6 needs to be addressed by further studies.

title: Tendons from non-diabetic XXXX and @entity35 harbor a population of insulin-producing, pancreatic beta cell-like cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic tendinopathy', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['tendon disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of insulin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: P2X purinergic receptors are receptors which, after @entity855 binding, form a channel permeant to monovalent and divalent cations. Acinar and ductal cells from salivary glands express @entity9895 and @entity9896 receptors. The @entity9895 receptor has a high affinity for @entity855 , rapidly desensitizes and is mostly located on the basal membrane of acinar cells. The @entity9896 has a very low affinity for @entity855 . After a sustained activation, the permeability of the channel formed by this receptor increases eventually leading to the death of the cell. This receptor is located mostly on the apical membrane of acinar and ductal cells. It is suggested that the sequential activation of the two receptors contributes to the secretory response to @entity855 . A low concentration of @entity855 released by nerve endings transiently activates the @entity9895 receptors and promotes the release of secretory granules containing @entity855 . The local increase of the concentration of the @entity377 at the vicinity of @entity9896 receptors accounts for their activation. This further increases the exocytosis.

title: [ @entity9895 or XXXX : which of these two receptors is the best target to promote salivation?].

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity9896 :: (5027,Gene) :: ['P2X7']


abstract: CONTEXT: Experiences at our institution show that flow cytometry analysis (FCA) has become routine clinical practice in the workup of @entity1 with @entity1032 , even if risk factors are low. OBJECTIVE: To assess diagnostic accuracy of combined FCA and cytology in the diagnosis of @entity149 in an unselected @entity1 population with neurologic symptoms, including @entity1 with no history of @entity706 or suspicious radiology. DESIGN: Between 2001 and 2011, cerebrospinal fluid was submitted from 373 @entity1 for @entity706 screening by FCA. The medical records were reviewed for @entity1 symptomatology, history of @entity5 , brain imaging, FCA results, cytology results, brain biopsy, and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: A @entity706 was detected by FCA in 4% of cases. A positive diagnosis was more likely in @entity1 with either a history of @entity1583 and/or a suspicious radiology result (P = .009). All @entity1 with no history of @entity706 and no suspicious radiology (n = 102) had negative cytology, and none had a correspondingly positive FCA result. The positive and negative predictive values of combined cytology and FCA in the @entity1 with history of @entity706 and/or abnormal imaging results were 92% and 89%, respectively, when compared with open brain tissue biopsy, and 89% and 86%, respectively, when compared with clinical follow-up. When low-risk @entity1 were included, the positive predictive value remained at 92%, but the negative predictive value dropped to 52% with the open brain biopsy as the reference, and values did not change significantly for the group with clinical follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent FCA and cytology are most useful in the appropriate clinical setting, and we propose a triage algorithm for how FCA on cerebrospinal fluid is best used.

title: Utility of flow cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid as a screening tool in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['central nervous system lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to endotoxin is associated with decrements in pulmonary function, but how much variation in this association is explained by genetic variants is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with the rate of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline by a large scale genetic association study in newly-hired healthy young female @entity2708 textile workers. METHODS: DNA samples were genotyped using the Illumina @entity1 CVD BeadChip. Change rate in FEV1 was modeled as a function of each SNP genotype in linear regression model with covariate adjustment. We controlled the type 1 error in study-wide level by permutation method. The false discovery rate (FDR) and the family-wise error rate (FWER) were set to be 0.10 and 0.15 respectively. RESULTS: Two SNPs were found to be significant (P<6.29 10(-5)), including @entity40120 (P=3.07 10(-5), FDR=0.0778) and @entity40121 (P=6.19 10(-5), FDR=0.0967), as well as other eight suggestive (P<5 10(-4)) associated SNPs. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were also observed, such as @entity40120 and @entity40122 (P=0.0418, FDR=0.0895); @entity40121 and age (P=0.0161, FDR=0.0264). Genetic risk score analysis showed that the more risk loci the subjects carried, the larger the rate of FEV1 decline occurred (P trend=3.01 10(-18)). However, the association was different among age subgroups (P=7.11 10(-6)) and endotoxin subgroups (P=1.08 10(-2)). Functional network analysis illustrates potential biological connections of all interacted genes. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants together with environmental factors interact to affect the rate of FEV1 decline in @entity2708 textile workers.

title: A large scale gene-centric association study of lung function in newly-hired female XXXX textile workers with endotoxin exposure.

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: During 1959-1987, 126 @entity1 in Aland Islands and main Finland had serologically verified @entity281 with the virus of @entity17991 ( @entity66 ). The most useful test for specific virological diagnosis was haemagglutination inhibition-IgM (HI-IgM). Most cases were from Aland Islands and nearby south-western main Finland. Two of the @entity281 were imported. There were three @entity2480 and two transfusion @entity281 . The disease occurred mainly from July to September. Detailed hospital records of 108 of the @entity1 could be obtained. Ninety-five per cent of the @entity1 had @entity10 , 82% had lymphocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid, and 81% had high fever. Forty-four per cent had a confirmed biphasic course of disease. Seventeen per cent were severely ill. There were no deaths. The sequels were psychic @entity146 and fatigue for up to 1 year. There were eight cases of paresis, two of which became permanent.

title: Tick-borne viral encephalitis in Finland. The clinical features of XXXX during 1959-1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Kumlinge disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory infections']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Kumlinge disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for incisional @entity547 development. The exact causative factors have not been clearly defined, and development may result from structural disruptions in the connective tissue of the fasciae. The goal of this study was to compare the content of @entity2362 in the rectus muscle sheath of @entity28 @entity1 and nonobese controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 20 @entity1 with body mass index over 35 kg/m(2) and the control group included 19 @entity1 with normal-range body mass index. The biopsy specimens harvested during surgery were subjected to histologic evaluation, an immunohistochemical reaction with monoclonal anti- @entity2362 antibodies, and the DAB chromatic reaction. The photomicrographs were evaluated using ImageJ software and the percentage of the area affected by the color reaction was assessed. A statistical evaluation was performed. RESULTS: The specimens harvested from @entity1 in the control group showed in @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining a high density of fibrous elements, arranged in regular bundles. In specimens obtained from the morbidly @entity28 , the density of the fibers was lower and their architecture was disrupted; the bundles were thinner and less regularly arranged. Most photographs show adipose tissue infiltrating the structure of the fascia. Statistical analysis of the percentage of the area occupied by @entity2362 showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative and qualitative changes in the @entity2362 content of rectus abdominis muscle sheath fascia in the @entity28 population may indicate a possible local mechanism influencing the development of @entity547 .

title: Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of rectus sheath in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incisional hernias', 'hernia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity364 of lung have become increasingly common during the last few decades. @entity2381 and the role of aflatoxins in various @entity1030 have not been extensively studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and sera from 40 @entity1 of @entity1030 were analyzed for galactomannan antigen (GM) and @entity11189 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Direct microscopy and culture of BAL samples were also done to detect the Aspergillus species. Results revealed that 15 (37.5  %) of the 40 @entity1 had growth of Aspergillus on BAL culture. Out of these culture-positive cases, 13 (86.7  %) @entity1 were positive for galactomannan antigen also. About 62.5  % cases did not show growth of Aspergillus in BAL culture. However, galactomannan antigen could be detected in 20  % of these @entity1 . Overall, 20  % @entity1 were diagnosed as proven @entity364 ( @entity364 ), 32.5  % were of probable @entity364 , 17.5  % of possible @entity364 . Aspergillus growth was observed in 100  % of proven and 53.8  % of probable @entity364 cases. Galactomannan antigen was found in 100  % cases of proven and 76.9  % of probable @entity364 . Ten (25  %) @entity1 were found to be positive for aflatoxins. It was detected in 6 (40  %) of culture-positive cases. About 62.5  % of the cases with proven @entity364 and 46.1  % of probable @entity364 had @entity11189 in their samples. @entity11189 positivity was found to be more in @entity1 with proven @entity364 than in probable @entity364 , and higher level of @entity11189 was detected in cases with proven @entity364 . Significant difference was observed in @entity11189 positivity among food grain workers when compared to other occupations.

title: Pulmonary aspergillosis and aflatoxins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections', 'IFD', 'invasive fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin', 'Aflatoxin', 'aflatoxins']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung diseases']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Saccadic adaptation corrects errors in saccadic amplitude. Experimentally-induced saccadic adaptation provides a method for studying motor learning. The cerebellum is a major @entity1 in saccadic adaptation. Chiari @entity600 (CII) is a @entity245 of the cerebellum and brainstem that is associated with @entity3570 . We investigated the effects of CII on saccadic adaptation. METHOD: We measured eye movements using an infrared eye tracker in 21 subjects with CII (CII group) and 39 typically developing @entity1 (control group), aged 8-19 years. Saccadic adaptation was induced experimentally using targets that stepped horizontally 120 to the right and then stepped backward 3 degrees during saccades. RESULTS: Saccadic adaptation was achieved at the end of the adaptation phase in @entity1 in each group. Saccadic amplitude gain decreased by 6.9% in the CII group and 9.3% in the control group. The groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.27). Amplitude gain reduction was significantly less in the CII @entity1 who had multiple shunt revisions. Regression analyses revealed no effects of spinal lesion level, presence of @entity346 , or cerebellar vermis dysmorphology on saccadic adaptation. CONCLUSION: The neural circuits involved in saccadic adaptation appear to be functionally intact in CII.

title: Saccadic adaptation in Chiari XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental deformity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['type II malformation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['type II malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was designed to determine rates and predictors of late, lower @entity344 after radiation therapy in a population-based cohort of older @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: The study population consisted of @entity1 with localized or regional @entity5 who were age > or =66 years and were diagnosed between 1992 and 1999 who were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Gastrointestinal diagnoses were ascertained through claims from 6 to 60 months after diagnosis. The relative rates of diagnoses in the radiation group versus the nonradiation group were used as a means of estimating @entity137 from radiotherapy. Cox modeling was used to determine factors associated with gastrointestinal diagnoses. RESULTS: A total of 57,955 @entity1 were included, 24,130 of whom were treated with radiation therapy. Among @entity1 with 5 years of follow-up, the rates of gastrointestinal diagnoses were 19.4% higher in irradiated @entity1 than among @entity1 who did not have local therapy. @entity548 was the most common diagnosis, and was increased by 18.9% among @entity1 treated with radiation (39.6% of irradiated @entity1 vs. comparison rates of 18.2% in @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy and 20.7% in @entity1 with no local therapy). Diagnostic lower endoscopies were performed in an additional 20.9% of @entity1 (32.4% of @entity1 treated with radiation vs. 12.7% of @entity1 who underwent prostatectomy). In all, 4.4% of irradiated @entity1 were hospitalized with a gastrointestinal diagnosis versus comparison rates of 3.2% among @entity1 with no local therapy. In multivariate models, increasing @entity1 age, hormonal therapy, comorbidity, @entity6 , @entity1095 , and @entity6713 were all associated with gastrointestinal diagnoses consistent with @entity137 , whereas @entity5 stage and grade were not predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Lower @entity344 after radiation therapy for @entity263 continues for at least 5 years and may be more common than previously reported.

title: Late @entity344 after radiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity674 are among the most frequent @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract; the incidence of these @entity5 in the esophagus is less than 5%. Prognosis depends on localization, size, mitotic activity and possible invasion of surrounding structures. Minimally invasive surgery may be maximally utilized for removal of these @entity5 from the esophageal wall. This operation is usually performed thoracoscopically or laparoscopically and using the "rendez-vous" method - with endoscopic navigation. AIM: To evaluate a set of @entity1 with @entity5 of the esophagus who were operated on at the First Department of Surgery from 2006 to 2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the years 2006-2011 a total of 11 @entity1 with @entity5 of the esophagus underwent operation. RESULTS: Of the 11 @entity1 with @entity5 , 5 were diagnosed with @entity674 , 5 with @entity2909 and in one @entity1 the lesion was described as heterotopy of the pancreas. We used the minimally invasive rendez-vous method with endoscopic navigation in 9 cases. All @entity1 healed primarily and were released from hospital on the 4(th)-7(th) day. These @entity1 are being followed up as outpatients and recurrence of the @entity5 has not been observed in any of them. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive treatment of @entity5 of the esophageal wall is considered to the method of choice. Due to possible complications and the need for subsequent therapy in some @entity1 , these procedures should be centralized to departments with experience in esophageal, thoracic and minimally invasive surgery.

title: Thoracoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'benign tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign esophageal tumors']


abstract: Alpha-7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (a7 nAChR) agonists attenuate @entity158 and @entity32 in preclinical models. This study tested whether systemic delivery of an a7 nAChR agonist attenuates @entity9 and associated immune-mediated pro- @entity32 . Hind paw response thresholds to mechanical stimuli in male @entity35 were assessed before and after sciatic @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) or sham surgery. Osmotic mini-pumps containing @entity39330 , an a7 nAChR selective agonist, were implanted 10 to 14 days after surgery. @entity39330 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/d; s.c.) significantly attenuated @entity8638 -induced @entity1931 , which lasted through 2 weeks of test compound administration. Spinal cords were collected after 2 weeks and processed for microglial and astrocyte activation markers within the ipsilateral L4-L6 dorsal horn. In addition, ipsilateral L4-5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were processed for @entity528 and satellite cell activation markers. @entity8638 -induced central glial cell activation markers were not suppressed by @entity39330 , even though @entity39330 is mildly blood-brain barrier permeable. However, @entity39330 downregulated the integrated density of @entity14026 ( @entity14026 ) but not the number of ATF positive cells. @entity39330 also downregulated phosphorylated extracellular signal kinase (p-ERK) and satellite cell activation in the @entity8638 -affected DRGs. Therefore, systemic a7 nAChR agonist may be effective in treating @entity9 via reducing @entity528 and immune cells activation occurring in the periphery. PERSPECTIVE: These studies demonstrated that @entity39330 , an alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor agonist with partial blood-brain barrier permeability, reversed @entity9 in @entity35 , likely via @entity32 in the DRG and/or the site of @entity130 .

title: Systemic administration of an alpha-7 nicotinic XXXX agonist reverses @entity9 in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'attenuation of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity14026 :: ('25389(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ATF3', 'activation transcription factor 3']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 frequently metastasizes to bone. However, unlike many other @entity5 that produce @entity690 , @entity263 produces @entity75 through unknown mechanisms. In the current study, we explored the ability and mechanism of an @entity263 cell line (C4-2B) to induce mineralization. METHODS: C4-2B cells were grown in promineralization media. Mineral deposition was characterized using von Kossa staining, @entity460 retention, @entity622 staining, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Expression of osteoblast-related proteins was determined by RT-PCR. The nuclear level of the bone-specific transcription factor @entity8087 was determined using western analysis and the effect of inhibiting @entity8087 function, using a "decoy" @entity8087 response element oligo, on mineralization was determined. RESULTS: The studies demonstrated that C4-2B cells, but not its nonosteotropic parent cell line LNCaP, has an osteoblastlike phenotype including production of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ), and @entity2159 ligand. Most importantly, the C4-2B cells produced hydroxyapatite mineral in vitro. Furthermore, C4-2B cells expressed high nuclear levels of the bone-specific transcription factor @entity8087 , compared to LNCaP cells, which accounts for their ability to produce bone-specific proteins. Inhibition of @entity8087 , using decoy DNA @entity8087 response elements, abrogated the ability of C4-2B to produce mineral. Finally, we determined that C4-2B cells express bone morphogenic protein-7, a known inducer of @entity8087 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a novel mechanism through which @entity263 cells may directly contribute to the osteoblastic component that characterize their skeletal metastatic lesions. Prostate 47:212-221, 2001.

title: Bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B XXXX cell line mineralizes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'osteotropic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The components of the pupal cuticle are the main differentiation products synthesized by both the larval and adult epidermis during the prepupal period of @entity238 development. The pupal cuticle is formed in vitro by imaginal discs in response to a 6 h pulse of @entity11088 (20-HE). We previously described the isolation and initial characterization of four @entity4080 -dependent genes (EDGs) whose expression in imaginal discs occurs only in response to a pulse of 20-HE. In this report, we demonstrate that the pattern of temporal and tissue-specific expression of these EDGs in vivo is like that expected for genes that encode pupal cuticle proteins. Transcripts of these genes are detected in prepupae only in the epidermis and only when cuticle components are synthesized and secreted. Nonetheless, their temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation differ. EDG-84A-1 transcripts accumulate only in prepupae and only in imaginal cells. @entity37570 and @entity37571 transcripts accumulate at the same time in both larval and imaginal cells. EDG42-A transcripts appear first in prepupae in imaginal cells and then, after a 2-4 h lag, in larval cells. It is evident that some genes are not restricted in their expression to only larval or imaginal epidermis.

title: Prepupal differentiation in XXXX : distinct cell types elaborate a shared structure, the pupal cuticle, but accumulate transcripts in unique patterns.

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyecdysone']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence on the long-term outcome of laparoscopic Heller-Dor surgery is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome of achalasic @entity1 after surgery, particularly in relation to the radiologic preoperative stage of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity1318 were assessed clinically and by esophageal radiology, manometry, and 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring before and at 3 months, 1, 1 to 3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 8 years after a laparoscopic Heller-Dor procedure. RESULTS: At 1 year after surgery the symptom score was significantly lower than the preoperative score (P < .001), and a satisfactory clinical outcome was seen in more than 90% of the @entity1 with stage I, II, and III disease at the preoperative radiologic assessment. Only 50% of stage IV @entity1 reported satisfactory results. An adequate opening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and LES resting pressure of less than 8 mm Hg was achieved in all @entity1 , and esophageal emptying was accelerated significantly (P < .001). At the consecutive follow-up evaluation (1-8 y), a satisfactory outcome was maintained in all stage I, II, and III responders. Stage IV @entity1 with initially unsatisfactory results reported a worsening of symptoms (P < .02). @entity1 with pseudodiverticulum had a higher symptom score (P < .01). LES opening and resting pressure remained at levels of the 1-year follow-up evaluation. Esophageal emptying remained satisfactory in stage I, II, and III responders, but deteriorated in stage IV nonresponders and in 6 of the 10 @entity1 with a pseudodiverticulum. CONCLUSIONS: A satisfactory outcome of the laparoscopic Heller-Dor procedure in stage I, II, and III achalasic @entity1 seems to last. Stage IV nonresponders tend to deteriorate over time. The development of pseudodiverticulum is associated with an increased symptom score.

title: Long-term functional results after laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: In two independent and separate studies, we have shown that @entity8 ( @entity740 ) directly inhibit skeletal anabolism, and that stimulation of bone formation decreased the serum @entity1391 . In the first study, the serum Ca PO(4), @entity10173 ( @entity10173 ), and @entity3873 were maintained normal after renal ablation in @entity19 , and even mild @entity8 equivalent to stage 3 @entity740 decreased bone formation rates. More recently, these observations were rediscovered in @entity1748 null ( @entity1748 -/-) @entity19 fed high-fat/ @entity165 diets, a model of the @entity209 ( @entity101 , @entity28 , @entity2299 and insulin resistance). We demonstrated that these @entity19 have @entity729 ( @entity729 ) of both the intimal @entity731 . We have also shown that @entity729 is made worse by @entity740 and ameliorated by @entity17736 ( @entity17736 ). The finding that high-fat fed @entity1748 -/- animals with @entity740 had @entity2265 which was prevented in @entity17736 -treated animals lead us to examine the skeletons of these @entity19 . It was found that significant reductions in bone formation rates were associated with high-fat feeding, and superimposing @entity740 resulted in the @entity79 ( @entity79 ), while @entity729 was made worse. The effect of @entity740 (decreased bone formation rates and reduced number of bone modelling units) occurred despite @entity3528 . The @entity17736 treatment corrected the @entity79 and @entity2265 , owing to @entity17736 -driven stimulation of skeletal @entity1391 deposition reducing plasma @entity1391 and thereby removing a major stimulus to @entity729 . A pathological link between abnormal bone mineralization and @entity729 through the serum @entity3151 was demonstrated by the partial effectiveness of directly reducing the serum @entity1391 by a @entity1391 binder that had no skeletal action. Thus, in the @entity209 with @entity740 , a reduction in bone forming potential of osteogenic cells leads to the @entity79 producing @entity2265 and @entity729 , processes ameliorated by @entity17736 , in part through increased bone formation and skeletal deposition of @entity1391 and in part through direct actions on vascular smooth muscle cells. We have demonstrated that the processes leading to @entity729 begin with even mild levels of @entity8 affecting the skeleton before demonstrable @entity2265 and that they are preventable and treatable. Therefore, early intervention in the @entity2526 associated with @entity740 is warranted and may affect mortality of the disease.

title: Function and effect of XXXX in kidney bone and the @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LDLR', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury', 'renal injury and chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'CKD to decrease skeletal anabolism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['ABD', 'adynamic bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic type and medial calcification']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity17736 :: (12162(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-7']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We conducted a phase II study in order to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of Carbo-MVE ( @entity3003 250 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, @entity1499 25 mg/m2 i.v. days 1, 15 and 22, vinblastine 2.5 mg/m2 i.v. days 1, 15 and 22 and @entity1259 25 mg/m2 day 1). The regimen ws to be repeated every 28 days. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 entered the study. @entity1 with @entity3 were treated for 6 cycles, while @entity1 with locally advanced or locoregional disease had 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by cystectomy or radiotherapy. RESULTS: @entity137 was generally mild and treatment well tolerated. The overall response rate was 54.4%, with 26% complete and 28.3% partial response rates. The median survival was 17.5 months with the complete responders to live significantly longer (64.82 months) than those who had a partial response (20.5 months), stable disease (15 months) or progressive disease (8.5 months). Survival was also significantly longer in @entity1 with good performance status as well as in @entity1 with locally advanced or locoregional disease. Finally, @entity1 who had cystectomy as definitive treatment survived significantly longer (32 months) than those who had been irradiated (16 months). CONCLUSIONS: The Carbo-MVE regimen appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment in @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 .

title: Chemotherapy with XXXX , vinblastine, @entity1259 and @entity3003 (Carbo-MVE) in transitional cell urothelial cancer. A Hellenic Co-Operative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of capsular serotypes and the antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of @entity328 , as well as to provide recommendations on the use of available vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. METHODS: In this retrospective study, standard procedures were followed to identify, serotype, and determine bacterial susceptibility to @entity114 , @entity3524 , and @entity2176 . Pneumococcal strains were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 admitted to nine public and three private hospitals in Distrito Federal, Brazil, between January 1995 and December 2004. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out at the Central Laboratory of Public Health (Laborat  rio Central de Sa  de P  blica). Serotyping was performed at Instituto Adolfo Lutz. RESULTS: A total of 232 pneumococcal strains were isolated, including 126 (54.31%) strains from male @entity1 . @entity1 had an age range of 0 to 62 years and were distributed into four age groups: 0 to 5, 6 to 17, 18 to 50, and above 50. From the 36 distinct serotypes identified, eight were more prevalent: 14, 6B, 18C, 5, 19F, 23F, 9V, and 6A. The @entity6101 test identified 67 @entity114 -resistant strains, out of which 47 were confirmed by the E test as having intermediate level of resistance. None of the strains exhibited high-level resistance. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal resistance to @entity114 has gradually increased over the last 10 years in Distrito Federal. Serotypes more frequently isolated in the 0 to 5 years age group were the same involved in @entity114 -resistance, all of which are covered by the 7-valent vaccine.

title: XXXX : a study of strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CD4CD25 regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the induction and maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance as well as transplant tolerance. The effects of @entity205 ( @entity870 ), a widely used immunosuppressive agent, on CD4CD25Treg cells in @entity19 were investigated. METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were injected with @entity870 or control solution for one month. The levels, phenotype, and function of CD4CD25Treg cells in these @entity19 were then assayed. RESULTS: The percentages and total cell numbers of CD4CD25Treg cells in the peripheral blood and spleen were significantly reduced after the treatment with @entity870 . The total numbers of CD4CD25Treg cells in the thymus of @entity870 -treated @entity19 were markedly reduced as compared to the control @entity19 . However, the percentage of CD4CD25Treg cells in the thymus of @entity870 -treated @entity19 was markedly enhanced. More CD4CD25Treg cells expressing high levels of @entity3844 and CD45RB, and less CD4CD25Treg cells expressing @entity6232 were observed in @entity870 -treated @entity19 , compared with the control @entity19 . CD4CD25Treg cells expressed slightly lower levels of @entity3744 in @entity870 -treated @entity19 . Furthermore, @entity870 markedly impaired the immunosuppressive function of CD4CD25Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity870 significantly impaired the development and function of CD4CD25Treg cells. The present studies suggest that @entity870 may block the potential induction of immune tolerance and increase the susceptibility to develop @entity792 while preventing graft rejection.

title: A potential side effect of @entity205 : inhibition of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4032 in @entity4794 predisposes to @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) prior to the onset of an @entity943 may show alterations in autonomic balance that are known to predispose to the development of @entity955 . The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) is abnormal in comparison to normal controls, and to find the relationship between left atrial size and HRV in @entity1 with @entity4794 in sinus rhythm and in @entity955 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A series of 24-hour ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram recordings were obtained for 10 consecutive, newly diagnosed untreated subjects with pure @entity4794 in sinus rhythm, 10 with @entity4794 complicated by @entity955 and 10 age-matched normal controls. Digitized records were processed using time domain and power spectral analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity4794 in sinus rhythm, we observed significant decrease of the standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR), as well as of the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) and Edinburgh index (sNN50), while in @entity1 with @entity955 , the RMSSD and sNN50 were much larger than those in normal. The areas under all spectral bands were markedly increased in @entity1 with @entity955 compared with normal. Furthermore, the high low frequency/high frequency (HLF/HF ratio) ratio was very small compared to normal. HRV measures were independent of atrial size in both groups. CONCLUSION: Decreased HRV in @entity4794 @entity1 with sinus rhythm suggests increased sympathetic activity in @entity1 prone to @entity955 , while marked increased of HRV in @entity1 with @entity955 may indicate that parasympathetic activity modulates the intrinsic behavior of the atrioventricular node during @entity955 . The evaluation of HRV may be a useful tool for the identification of @entity1 predisposed to @entity955 .

title: Heart rate variability in @entity1 with XXXX : a study of 20 cases from King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'rheumatic mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Left atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study is randomized controlled trial. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) on reducing @entity86 in posterior approach lumbar surgery for @entity179 with @entity850 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity179 with @entity850 were randomized into @entity928 and control groups, receiving 15 mg/kg body weight of @entity928 or placebo (0.9 % @entity2827 solution) intravenously, respectively, before the skin incision was made. The operation of pedicle screw system fixation was performed for all @entity1 , and then selective laminectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) were carried out. Intraoperative and @entity86 were compared between the two groups. And the complication of @entity928 was also investigated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity928 and control groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, and operation time. There was no significantly difference in intraoperative @entity190 between the two groups. However, in the @entity928 group, @entity86 was significantly lower than that in the control group (13.0 %). Especially, @entity86 during the first 12 h was reduced by 29.9 % as compared to the control group. There were no @entity1031 events or other complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative single-dose @entity928 can significantly reduce @entity86 in posterior approach lumbar surgery, and there were no significant side effects.

title: @entity927 reduces @entity86 of XXXX with @entity850 in posterior approach lumbar surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar instability']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar instability']


abstract: We report results of monitoring treatment in 41 @entity1 with @entity774 controlled over 0.3-13.1 years using standard auxological techniques alone. Doses of glucocorticoid (15-25 mg/m2/day) and mineralocorticoid (0.15 mg/m2/day) replacement were determined initially using biochemical indices and thereafter adjusted according to surface area. Monitoring was solely directed at maintaining a 50th centile height velocity for chronological age. Of 41 @entity1 , 32 were referred after the newborn period. Nearly half of these @entity1 were either overtreated or undertreated before their referral. Of the nine treated from birth, all but one were in good control and only two have had a second hospital admission. Present height standard deviation scores (SDS) for chronological age range from -1.60 to -0.26. Height @entity214 for bone age were compared with midparental heights in 33 @entity1 : 15 treated with early emphasis on growth had a height prognosis exceeding midparental values; @entity1 who had experienced appreciable prior overtreatment or undertreatment fared less well. In the long term management of @entity774 correction of salt loss is of primary importance. Doses of glucocorticoid required in addition to mineralcorticoid replacement should be continuously assessed and adjusted to maintain a normal growth velocity. This is most conveniently achieved by standardising replacement doses on surface area.

title: Monitoring treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECT: Previous studies have reported on the @entity922 ( @entity922 ), a threshold of improvement that is clinically relevant for @entity179 . Recent studies have shown that pre- and postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures vary among @entity1 with different diagnostic etiologies. There is also concern that a @entity1 's previous care experience may affect his or her perception of clinical improvement. This study determined if @entity922 values for the @entity717 Index (ODI), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and back and leg @entity158 are different between @entity1 undergoing primary or revision lumbar fusion. METHODS: Prospectively collected preoperative and 1-year postoperative @entity1 -reported HRQOLs, including the ODI, SF-36 physical component summary (PCS), and numeric rating scales (0-10) for back and leg @entity158 , in @entity1 undergoing lumbar spine fusion were analyzed. @entity1 were grouped into either the primary surgery or revision group. As the most widely accepted @entity922 values were calculated from the minimum detectable change, this method was used to determine the @entity922 . RESULTS: A total of 722 @entity1 underwent primary procedures and 333 @entity1 underwent revisions. There was no statistically significant difference in demographics between the groups. Each group had a statistically significant improvement at 1 year postoperatively compared with baseline. The minimum detectable change-derived @entity922 values for the primary group were 1.16 for back @entity158 , 1.36 for leg @entity158 , 12.40 for ODI, and 5.21 for SF-36 PCS. The @entity922 values for the revision group were 1.21 for back @entity158 , 1.28 for leg @entity158 , 11.79 for ODI, and 4.90 for SF-36 PCS. These values are very similar to those previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity922 values were similar for the revision and primary lumbar fusion groups, even when subgroup analysis was done for different diagnostic etiologies, simplifying interpretation of clinical improvement. The results of this study further validate the use of @entity1 -reported HRQOLs to measure clinical effectiveness, as a @entity1 's previous experience with care does not seem to substantially alter an individual's perception of clinical improvement.

title: Differentiating XXXX for primary and revision lumbar fusion surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['minimum clinically important difference']


abstract: This study investigated the size of the aortic root (AoR) and its effect on surgical outcome in @entity1 with fixed @entity475 . The diameter of the AoR was measured in two groups by means of two-dimensional echocardiography. Group A consisted of 138 normal subjects, aged 3 weeks to 20 years (mean 7.5 years). Group B consisted of 28 @entity1 with fixed @entity475 , aged 1.5 to 18 years (mean 9.5 years), 21 of whom had undergone surgical resection of the @entity850 . Normal values and growth curves for AoR diameter were obtained from @entity1 in group A. There was marked retardation of growth of the AoR among @entity1 in group B, with seven @entity1 having a small AoR diameter (less than 2 standard deviations). Postoperative gradients had a high correlation with the small size of diameter of the AoR (r = -0.84). In fixed @entity475 the AoR may be small (25%). The presence of a small AoR has a marked effect on the optimal relief of fixed @entity475 . The diameter of the AoR should be measured preoperatively, inasmuch as special surgical techniques may be required.

title: The aortic root in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

answer: @entity475 :: (MESH:C564793,Disease) :: ['subaortic stenosis']


abstract: The present study was intended to establish the feasibility, safety and usefulness of conventional spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging for the detection of @entity583 within 24 hours of the onset of @entity662 . Monitoring facilities were established in the NMR imaging suite that provided the same level of reliability and safety found in a standard coronary care unit. An imaging protocol was developed that allowed the acquisition of a complete study in 30 minutes while providing useful information about mechanical function and myocardial tissue contrast. Eighteen postthrombolysis @entity1 were imaged within 21 +/- 2 hours of @entity662 onset. No @entity1 developed recurrent @entity662 or @entity943 in the NMR imaging suite. Relatively T2-weighted spin-echo images (echo time = 60 ms; repetition time = heart rate) provided interpretable images in 16 @entity1 . Fourteen normal subjects were imaged for comparison. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 had an increase in signal intensity in the region of the @entity1188 . Regional wall thickening was assessed using a floating endocardial centroid technique. Wall motion abnormalities detected by NMR corresponded to those noted by 2-dimensional echocardiography and contrast angiography. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the detection of @entity1188 were 93, 80 and 87%, respectively, when signal intensity and wall thickening abnormalities were combined. In summary, NMR imaging is feasible in @entity1 with @entity583 within 24 hours of @entity662 onset. The study can be conducted safely and it provides useful information about @entity583 .

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of @entity583 within 24 hours of XXXX onset.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Idiopathic noncirrhotic @entity101 (NCIPH), a chronic @entity409 caused by arsenicosis from use of contaminated groundwater, was reported from Asia. This study aimed to see, if in the twenty-first century, arsenicosis was present in NCIPH @entity1 at our hospital and, if present, to look for groundwater contamination by @entity3494 in their residential locality. METHODS: Twenty-seven liver biopsy proven NCIPH @entity1 , 25 portal @entity101 controls with @entity1956 or C related @entity82 and 25 healthy controls, matched for residential locality, were studied. Eighty-four percent to 96  % of study subjects belonged to middle or lower socioeconomic category. Arsenicosis was looked for by estimation of @entity3494 levels in finger/toe nails and by skin examination. @entity3494 levels in nails and in ground water (in NCIPH @entity1 with arsenicosis) was estimated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Nail @entity3494 levels were raised in five (10  %) portal @entity101 study subjects [two NCIPH @entity1 (both had skin arsenicosis) and three portal @entity101 controls]. All of these five @entity1 were residents of West Bengal or Bangladesh. Skin arsenicosis was noted in three NCIPH @entity1 (11  %) compared to none of disease/healthy controls. Ground water from residential locality of one NCIPH @entity1 with arsenicosis (from Bangladesh) showed extremely high level of @entity3494 (79.5   g/L). CONCLUSIONS: Arsenicosis and @entity455 of liver, possibly caused by environmental contamination continues in parts of Asia. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of such 'poverty-linked @entity49 '.

title: Arsenicosis, possibly from contaminated groundwater, associated with noncirrhotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic portal hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy of the liver']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic portal hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) drugs in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is controversial, with their continuing apparent widespread use despite high-level evidence indicating marginal benefit at best and international guidelines recommending limited indications. METHODS: In order to understand how clinicians translate the evidence base into clinical practice, we surveyed a cross-section of Australian gastroenterologists to determine opinions and prescribing patterns of @entity3504 drugs in @entity30 . RESULTS: In all, 42% of 285 gastroenterologists who were sent a questionnaire by e-mail responded. Five (4%) never use @entity3504 drugs in @entity30 . The drugs are most commonly prescribed for @entity1 with colonic (96%) or ileocolonic (92%) disease location, inflammatory disease behavior (80%), and mild disease activity (97%). The majority (64%) use a dose of 1-3 g/day, but only 6% use over 4.5 g/day. Less than one-half use @entity3504 drugs as maintenance following surgical resection, but most use it for inducing remission alone (70%) or in combination with other drugs (90%), and continue its use for maintenance. Side effects are thought to be infrequent (62%) or rare (20%) and few common side effects are believed to be serious. Respondents estimated that over 90% of @entity1 were nonadherent to prescribed @entity3504 regimens at least 50% of the time. While 84% believed that @entity3504 drugs were effective in @entity30 , only 58% believed that they were cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: In Australia @entity3504 drugs are extensively prescribed for @entity30 at relatively low doses without expectation of @entity1 adherence. Current evidence and guidelines has had little apparent impact on clinical practice. The cost implications are considerable.

title: @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) use in XXXX : a survey of the opinions and practice of Australian gastroenterologists.

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylate']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether alkalinization with @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) in near-lethal @entity4144 either lowers @entity972 ( @entity3529 ) rapidly or shortens duration of @entity299 . METHODS: A controlled @entity235 laboratory investigation of 3 treatments for severe @entity4144 . Conditioned @entity235 (n = 8; 17-30 kg) received, in random order, 2 mmol/kg of each of 3 treatments (matched in @entity1372 and water) in separate experiments > or = 1 week apart: 1.05% @entity5993 over 60 minutes (infusion therapy); 8.4% @entity5993 over 5 minutes, then 14 mL/kg sterile water over 55 minutes (bolus therapy); 8.4% @entity4202 over 5 minutes, then 14 mL/kg sterile water over 55 minutes (saline therapy). Prior to administering one of the above therapies, the animals were anesthetized with 0.5-2.5% @entity5161 and ventilated to maintain a normal PCO2. After 30 minutes of equilibration, 2 mmol/kg/hr (loading dose) of a 2-mmol/mL @entity10406 solution was given until idioventricular or relative junctional @entity943 were sustained for 15 minutes. Then @entity10406 was decreased to 1 mmol/kg/hr (maintenance dose) for 2 hours and 45 minutes. Treatment was begun after 45 minutes of maintenance @entity10406 infusion. RESULTS: The pretreatment K level (all studies) was 9.06 +/- 0.82 mmol/L (mean +/- SD). Although the mean K level decreased more after saline therapy than after bolus therapy at every time, differences were neither statistically significant nor clinically important during the first 30 minutes. The means of the differences in decreases (saline minus bolus) were small, 0.26 (95% CI, -0.48 to 1.00) at 15 minutes, 0.16 (95% CI, -0.67 to 0.98) at 30 minutes. @entity943 duration was shorter with bolus therapy than for saline therapy in only 1 of 5 @entity235 (p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertonic saline bolus lowered plasma K as effectively as @entity5993 bolus in this animal model within the first 30 minutes. Clinically meaningful decreases due to alkalinization alone within 30 minutes are unlikely.

title: Alkalinization is ineffective for severe @entity4144 in nonnephrectomized XXXX . @entity4144 Research Group.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction disturbances']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Dysrhythmia', 'bradycardic dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To describe speech, neurological and imaging characteristics of a series of @entity1 presenting with progressive @entity4653 as the first and predominant sign of a presumed @entity179 . METHODS: @entity1 were 25 @entity1 with @entity4653 as the only or predominant @entity8408 . Clinical features, pattern of MRI volume loss on voxel-based morphometry and pattern of hypometabolism on @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan are described. RESULTS: All @entity1 demonstrated speech characteristics consistent with @entity4653 , including strained @entity1740 , slow speaking rate, monopitch and monoloudness, and slow and regular speech alternating motion rates. Eight @entity1 did not have additional neurological findings on examination. Pseudobulbar affect, upper motor neuron pattern limb weakness, @entity508 , Hoffman sign and positive Babinski reflexes were noted in some of the remaining @entity1 . Twenty-three @entity1 had electromyographic assessment and none had diffuse motor @entity528 or met El Escorial criteria for @entity746 . Voxel-based morphometry revealed striking bilateral white matter volume loss affecting the motor cortex (BA 4), including the frontoparietal operculum (BA 43) with extension into the middle cerebral peduncle. FDG-PET showed subtle hypometabolism affecting the premotor and motor cortices in some @entity1 , particularly in those who had a disease duration longer than 2  years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity179 that begins focally with @entity4653 due to involvement of the motor and premotor cortex and descending corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways is characterized. The descriptive label 'progressive @entity4653 ' to best capture the dominant presenting feature of the syndrome is proposed.

title: Clinical and imaging characterization of progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['F18-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'A neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorder']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice quality']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['spastic dysarthria']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['spastic dysarthria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of stent application on in-stent hemodynamics under standardized conditions. METHODS: Ovine common carotid arteries before and after stent (6   40 mm, sinus-Carotid-RXt, combined open-closed cell design; Optimed, Ettlingen, Germany) application were used. Plastic tubes, 10 mm in length, simulating @entity850 were placed in the middle of the applied stent to induce different degrees of @entity850 (moderate 57.8% and severe 76.4%). Flow velocity and dynamic compliance were, respectively, measured with ultrasound and laser scan; proximal, in-stent, and distal to the stented arterial segment (1 cm proximal and distal) in a pulsatile ex vivo circulation system. RESULTS: Stent insertion caused the in-stent peak systolic velocity to increase 22% without @entity850 , 31% with moderate @entity850 , and 23% with severe @entity850 . Stent insertion without @entity850 caused no significant increase in in-stent end-diastolic velocity (EDV) but a 17% increase with moderate @entity850 . In severe @entity850 , EDV was increased 56% proximal to the @entity850 . Compliance was reduced threefold in the middle of the stented arterial segment where flow velocity was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: With or without @entity850 , stent introduction caused the in-stent peak systolic velocity to become significantly elevated compared with a nonstented area. EDV was also increased by stent insertion in the case of moderate @entity850 . The stent-induced compliance reduction may be causal for the increase in flow velocity since the stent-induced flow velocity elevation appeared in the stented area with low compliance. Because of altered hemodynamics caused by stent introduction when measured by duplex ultrasound, caution is prudent in concluding that @entity2998 stenting is associated with a higher @entity256 rate than carotid endarterectomy. Mistakenly upgrading moderate to severe @entity256 could result in unnecessary reintervention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical experience and prior studies support the supposition that @entity256 after @entity2998 stenting in carotid lesions displays erroneously elevated velocity when evaluated by duplex ultrasound (DUS), thus contributing to misleading interpretation of the degree of @entity850 . This study, in contrast to studies of other groups, employs exactly the same conditions to measure flow with DUS in an unstented and then stented section of the @entity2998 . Since DUS is the first-choice tool for @entity2998 evaluation, knowledge about inexactness of the method is essential to avoid errors in treatment or follow-up decisions.

title: Altered in-stent hemodynamics may cause erroneous upgrading of moderate XXXX @entity256 when evaluated by duplex ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate central and peripheral retinal function after scleral buckling surgery for recent onset @entity1713 (RD). METHODS: Fifteen phakic @entity1 with rhegmatogenous RD for <1 week underwent scleral buckling surgery. Clinical investigation, optical coherence tomography (OCT), full-field electroretinography (ERG), and multifocal ERG (mfERG) with fundus illumination were performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Anatomical success was achieved in 14 @entity1 . mfERG amplitudes were reduced preoperatively in @entity11471 , with significant improvement at follow-up (P = 0.002). Foveal amplitudes improved significantly (P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in postoperative mfERG amplitudes between areas that had been preoperatively detached or attached (P = 0.739). In the subgroup of eight @entity1 in whom the detachment engaged the fovea preoperatively, rod function improved significantly as assessed with full-field ERG (P = 0.008). In these @entity1 , the extent of detachment ranged between 4 clock hours and 6 clock hours, as compared with 2 clock hours and 5 clock hours in the remaining @entity1 . OCT showed subretinal foveal fluid in four @entity1 at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In recent onset rhegmatogenous RD, total rod and localized central @entity989 in @entity11471 can improve significantly after reattachment. mfERG and OCT are suitable tools for further studies of functional outcomes in RD.

title: Retinal function after scleral buckling for recent onset XXXX : assessment with electroretinography and optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11471 :: ('MESH:C565633', 'Disease') :: ['detached retina']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: Coronary vasodilators have been variously reported to increase, decrease, or have no effect upon blood flow to @entity63 . Consequently, the effects of two different types of dilators, @entity1242 (TNG) and @entity4341 , were studied with radioactive microspheres in open-chested @entity235 after coronary artery ligation. Given as a bolus i.v. injection 0.4 mg TNG resulted in an increase in blood flow to nonischemic areas of myocardium and a preservation of flow to @entity63 regions, despite a fall in blood pressure. 5 min later blood pressure and nonischemic flow were back to base line, and a small selective increase in flow to @entity63 was found (0.15-0.18 ml/min per g, P less than 0.05). During an 0.2 mg/min infusion of TNG, and also after 1 mg/kg i.v. @entity4341 , @entity63 flow was maintained in the face of a 20-30% reduction in blood pressure. In this setting, nonischemic flow was unchanged during TNG and doubled after @entity4341 . With the addition of @entity7202 in both dilator groups, blood pressure returned to base line while flow to @entity63 areas increased above base-line values (TNG, 0.16-0.20 ml/min per g, P less than 0.01; @entity4341 , 0.18-0.31 ml/min per g, P less than 0.05). Epicardial ST segment elevations increased during TNG infusion and were unchanged after @entity4341 , but with addition of @entity7202 , ST segments became less elevated in both drug groups, concomitant with the observed increase in collateral blood flow. These data indicate that both types of coronary vasodilators, when used in conjunction with @entity7202 to support blood pressure, reduce collateral resistance, increase collateral flow, and reduce epicardial ST-segment elevations.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity4341 on regional left ventricular blood flow during coronary artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: @entity234 ( @entity234 ) or @entity234 is a common @entity281 among @entity1 in Iran. The records of 249 @entity1 with @entity234 were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical, hematologic, and bone marrow biopsy findings were studied. In particular, we assessed whether there was an association between bone marrow biopsy findings and prognosis. Five major groups were identified: (1) @entity236 with many Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies, (2) multiple noncaseating @entity738 with a few LD bodies, (3) diffuse @entity82 with rare LD bodies, (4) benign lymphoid nodules with many LD bodies, and (5) @entity236 with many LD bodies. The @entity1 with @entity236 and benign lymphoid nodules were alive and responded well to glucantime therapy. The @entity1 with marrow @entity82 and @entity236 died and were resistant to any type of therapy. @entity1 with @entity738 did not respond to glucantime therapy but responded to @entity2379 . However, less than half of the @entity1 died owing to @entity3147 and misdiagnosis. We correlated the bone marrow biopsy findings with the treatment outcomes and prognosis. The outcome was excellent in cases of @entity236 , very poor in cases of @entity82 and @entity39 , and intermediate in cases of @entity738 . As a result, we believe that bone marrow biopsy findings can be helpful for assessing the prognosis of @entity234 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : bone marrow biopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'Visceral leishmaniasis', 'Kala-azar']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypercellular marrow', 'marrow necrosis']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['Visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy of the XP-endo Finisher file (XP) (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland) to that of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe and needle irrigation (SNI) in the removal of @entity6086 paste from an artificial standardized groove in the apical third of root canals. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-eight mandibular incisors with single oval canals were prepared using Mtwo instruments (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) up to size 40, .04 taper. Each tooth was split longitudinally, and in one half of the root, a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part of the segment. The grooves were filled with @entity15383 , and the root halves were reassembled. The roots were randomly divided into 2 control groups (n=4) and 3 experimental groups (n=20) according to the @entity15383 methods used: XP, PUI and SNI. The amount of remaining medicament was evaluated under X25 magnification using a 4-grade scoring system. Kappa values were calculated for intra- and inter-observer agreement evaluation. The differences in the @entity15383 scores among the different groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: None of the tested methods could completely clean the @entity15383 from the artificial standardized groove in the apical third of the root canals. XP and PUI removed significantly more @entity15383 than SNI (P < .001), with no significant differences between them (P = .238). CONCLUSIONS: XP and PUI were more effective in removing @entity15383 from artificial standardized grooves in the apical third of root canals than SNI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Efficacy of XP-endo finisher file in the removal of XXXX paste from artificial standardized groove in the apical third of oval root canals.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity12088 , an infection of the external auditory canal, in general practitioners' (GP) practices in The Netherlands is about 14 per 1000 @entity1 per year. In early 2010, one of the authors noted that some of the @entity12088 @entity1 in his GP practice had undergone cerumen removal by ear syringing a few weeks earlier. Bacterial cultures of samples taken from the instruments used showed contamination of an ear syringe by @entity796 . From then on, @entity796 isolates from @entity1 ' ears were stored in the laboratory. AIM: It was assessed whether cross-contamination with @entity796 between @entity1 in the same GP practice could occur through the use of contaminated ear lavage instruments. METHODS: From 17 GP practices, the otolaryngology Outpatient Department and the Out-of-Hours GP Service, instruments used for examining and cleaning the outer ear were swabbed. Strains of @entity796 cultured from the instruments were genotyped together with isolates of @entity1 registered in the same practice. FINDINGS: In four practices where contaminated instruments were found, genotyping showed similarity between @entity796 strains isolated from a @entity1 and the ear syringe, and/or between strains of different @entity1 in the same practice. CONCLUSIONS: Transmission of @entity796 from ear lavage instruments to @entity1 appears to occur with @entity12088 as a result. Together with the Infection Control Unit of our hospital we have formulated recommendations for the appropriate cleaning, disinfection and storage of re-usable ear lavage instruments for the GP practices to implement.

title: XXXX following aural irrigation linked to instruments contaminated with @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis externa', 'otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P.  aeruginosa']

answer: @entity12088 :: (MESH:D010032,Disease) :: ['Otitis externa']


abstract: @entity409 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 is now a well-established clinical finding. We examined the entity of @entity227 in @entity17 and its correlation to the functional and neuroradiological parameters. The phenomenon of @entity227 was examined in 20 (5 male and 15 female) @entity15 @entity1 . Two different examination methods were used--the line bisection test and the random shape cancellation test. The results were compared with 20 aged matched control individuals. The correlation of the visual spatial neglects to @entity51 and handicaps, using Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), as well as with the MRI's neuroradiological findings, was analyzed. A highly significant different result on the line bisection test for three various line lengths (p = .006, p < .0001, p < .001) with displacement towards the right side was found. In all the cancellation subtests, a significant difference in error rate was found in comparing @entity1 to controls toward a higher one on the left side of the @entity15 @entity1 (p = .005, p < .002, p < .0001 and p = .02 in the left side subtest, and p = n.s. in the right side subtest). There was no significant correlation between the cancellation tests and bisection results and the EDSS scale data, as well as with the neuroradiological findings. The present results demonstrate the presence of @entity227 among @entity15 @entity1 , even without the demonstration of a characteristic @entity75 . The hypotheses for this finding are discussed with a stress on the possibility of disruption of multiple intrahemispheric connections, especially under the condition of asymmetry of dominance regarding spatial attention.

title: Visual spatial neglect in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual spatial neglect']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neuroanatomical lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity74 of conduction and of ventricular and supraventricular excitability were studied in 50 @entity1 operated upon for @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ). The @entity1757 was approached by right ventriculotomy in 29 @entity1 aged 4.4 +/- 3.1 years at surgery and 15.1 +/- 6.5 years at evaluation. The @entity1757 was closed by the atrial route in 21 @entity1 aged 6.6 +/- 3.9 years at surgery and 12.1 +/- 6.8 years at evaluation. Complete @entity714 (CRBB) was significantly more frequent in @entity1 who underwent ventriculotomy (62 p. 100 vs 33 p. 100, p less than 0.05), but 2 late complete @entity713 were observed in @entity1 in whom the atrial route was used. 34 p. 100 of the @entity1 with ventriculotomy and 26.5 p. 100 of those without ventriculotomy had significant @entity943 on Holter recordings (greater than or equal to Lown's grade 2, p = NS). The occurrence of @entity943 in the @entity1 population as a whole increased significantly with age at surgery and age at evaluation (p less than 0.05); this increase was also noted in each group (p = 0.06). Pre-operative right ventricular systolic pressure, severity of @entity1757 of conduction or duration of extracorporeal circulation and aortic clamping had no influence on the occurrence of @entity943 . Disorders of supraventricular excitability were found in 1 @entity1 who had ventriculotomy and in 2 @entity1 whose @entity1757 was corrected by the atrial route. No @entity1817 was observed. It is concluded that the ventricular approach of @entity1757 significantly increases the occurrence of post-operative CRBB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity943 after repair of XXXX . Comparison of atrial and ventricular approaches].

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular blocks']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect', 'intraventricular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']