abstract: The spiral metallic stent for insertion into the prostatic urethra developed by Fabian a decade ago, and its various modifications have a fixed external caliber of up to 21F and does not allow passage of instruments larger than 5-6F through it. Thus, they cannot be used in @entity1 who need frequent trans-urethral manipulations. Since all temporary prostatic stents, in the long term develop incrustations they have to be changed once a year, or earlier, if they become occluded by stone formation. Permanent stents cannot be used in @entity1 who are temporarily unfit for surgery because their removal necessitate traumatic manipulations. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a new large caliber, self-expanding and self-retaining intra-prostatic stent was developed (ProstaCoil). This stent is inserted under fluoroscopic guidance using topical anaesthesia. During the last 36 months the ProstaCoil was inserted into 65 @entity1 suffering from complete @entity1069 due to BPH. Follow-up of our @entity1 was 3-28 months (mean 16 months). Forty-eight @entity1 could void either immediately or within 48 hours after insertion of the stent. Thirty @entity1 underwent TURP or open prostatectomy 3-12 months after insertion of the stent. In all these cases the stent was removed easily before surgery. Only in 1 case the stent was removed because of severe urge @entity322 . Seven @entity1 died during this period. Twenty-seven @entity1 still are passing urine through their stents (the longest 32 months).

title: [Long-term temporary prosthesis in XXXX . ProstaCoil, an expanding, self-fixating implant of large caliber].

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatic obstruction']


abstract: Morphological effects of @entity3323 (AC) on the peripheral nerves in normal and neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) @entity5872 were investigated. AC (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day. After the birds manifested neurological signs, they were necropsied (after 10 approximately 21 AC injections) and the sciatic and tibial nerves were examined. In both normal and Quv qualis, AC produced axonopathy with a distal-proximal progression. In AC-intoxicated normal quails, the nerve fiber pathology was characterized by typical @entity6441 , consisting of @entity528 , myelin breakdown, macrophage migration. Schwann cell proliferation and regeneration of nerve fibers. Ultrastructurally, AC-induced NF accumulation was detected in the axon of myelinated nerve fibers. In AC-intoxicated Quv qualis, @entity528 with accumulation of membranous organelles occurred; however, sequential events of @entity6441 were not as prominent as in AC-intoxicated normal qualis. These results demonstrated that @entity942 Quv quails are sensitive to @entity2359 effects of AC. On the other hand, the different pathology of AC-intoxicated normal and Quv qualis indicates the presence or absence of NFs influences the appearance and extent of AC axonopathy.

title: @entity3323 -induced peripheral neuropathy in normal and neurofilament-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian-like degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quails']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['NF-deficient']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quails']


abstract: CONTEXT: Evidence has suggested that physical and sexual activity might be triggers of acute @entity299 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of episodic physical and sexual activity on acute @entity299 using data from case-crossover studies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and EMBASE (through February 2, 2011) and Web of Science (through October 6, 2010). STUDY SELECTION: Case-crossover studies investigating the association between episodic physical or sexual activity and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers extracted descriptive and quantitative information from each study. We calculated summary relative risks (RRs) using random-effects meta-analysis and absolute event rates based on US data for the incidence of @entity583 and @entity1164 . We used the Fisher P value synthesis method to test whether habitual physical activity levels modify the triggering effect and meta-regression to quantify the interaction between habitual levels of physical activity and the triggering effect. RESULTS: We identified 10 studies investigating episodic physical activity, 3 studies investigating sexual activity, and 1 study investigating both exposures. The outcomes of interest were @entity583 (10 studies), @entity1187 (1 study), and @entity1164 (3 studies). Episodic physical and sexual activity were associated with an increase in the risk of @entity583 (RR = 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33-5.13, and RR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.48-4.91, respectively). Episodic physical activity was associated with @entity1164 (RR = 4.98; 95% CI, 1.47-16.91). The effect of triggers on the absolute rate of events was limited because exposure to physical and sexual activity is infrequent and their effect is transient; the absolute risk increase associated with 1 hour of additional physical or sexual activity per week was estimated as 2 to 3 per 10,000 @entity1 -years for @entity583 and 1 per 10,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1164 . Habitual activity levels significantly affected the association of episodic physical activity and @entity583 (P < .001), episodic physical activity and @entity1164 (P < .001), and sexual activity and @entity583 (P = .04); in all cases, individuals with lower habitual activity levels had an increased RR for the triggering effect. For every additional time per week an individual was habitually exposed to physical activity, the RR for @entity583 decreased by approximately 45%, and the RR for @entity1164 decreased by 30%. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity299 were significantly associated with episodic physical and sexual activity; this association was attenuated among @entity1 with high levels of habitual physical activity.

title: Association of episodic physical and sexual activity with triggering of acute XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2849 is a rare complication reported after any surgery such as ORIF of @entity174 , plate removal, ankle or knee arthroscopy or arthroplasty. To our knowledge, @entity1416 after tibial plate removal are a rare phenomenon. We report a case of a 18-year-old male @entity1 who had @entity2849 of posterior tibial artery following plate removal. CASE PRESENTATION: A 18-year-old male was referred to our outpatient clinic because of mass-like lesion in his left @entity291 . He had a history of car accident and left isolated @entity174 30 months ago that was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with DCP plate. After union in radiograph, the plate was removed 7 months ago on the @entity1 request. Four weeks after surgery, the @entity1 had complaints of @entity158 and @entity4 . Finally, @entity2849 was diagnosed and was repaired in a common surgery with a vascular surgeon without any difficulty. CONCLUSION: @entity1416 after tibial plate removal are an extremely rare phenomenon. This complication in most cases follows penetrating @entity130 but it has been reported following blunt @entity130 . In fact, in most of these @entity1 the diagnosis was initially missed because the large @entity1410 concealed the underlying @entity2849 and its pulsations. Thus, a delay in the diagnosis is common in this phenomenon. Hence, the surgeon should be suspicious to this complication following plate removal when he/she is doubtful about the sign and symptoms.

title: XXXX of the Posterior Tibial Artery following Removal of Tibial Plate- A Rare Case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibia fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms of the posterior tibial artery', 'Pseudoaneurysms of the posterior tibial artery']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['Pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: The clinical features in 12 @entity1 with a circulating coagulation inhibitor (lupus 'anticoagulant') were studied and correlated with findings in 22 renal biopsies in these @entity1 . Four of 12 @entity1 had serological evidence of @entity1252 . Only two of 23 pregnancies in these @entity1 were successful. Lesions in all biopsies were remarkably similar. Seven biopsies taken during or soon after pregnancy showed acute fibrinoid lesions. 'Acute' lesions consisted of fibrin thrombi in glomeruli arterioles and arteries and double contours in glomerular capillary walls. Biopsies carried out remote from pregnancy in these seven @entity1 showed persisting double contours in glomeruli together with narrowing of arteries due to recanalizing thrombi and cellular intimal proliferation. All other biopsies showed similar lesions. The lesions were essentially the same as those of @entity9818 and those described previously in post-partum @entity177 . Renal function was severely impaired in four @entity1 and showed moderate impairment in two @entity1 at the time that acute @entity5892 were demonstrated in glomeruli. Renal function in two @entity1 improved during plasma exchange therapy. Because all biopsies showed either acute, healing or healed, @entity5892 , it is proposed that these lesions are characteristic of the renal findings in @entity1 with a lupus 'anticoagulant'. In all but two cases the acute lesions were seen during or soon after pregnancy.

title: Lupus anticoagulant associated with renal XXXX and pregnancy-related @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']


abstract: Although @entity175 is a natural, nontoxic, and rapid inhibitor of bone resorption, its use in the treatment of @entity2741 is limited because of its transient efficacy and the need for repeated parenteral administration. In normal subjects, suppositories of @entity175 have been shown to be biologically active. Peak plasma concentrations of salmon @entity175 after rectal administration in six normal subjects were similar to those measured after parenteral administration. To evaluate the efficacy of @entity175 suppositories in disease states, 10 @entity1 with moderate @entity2741 due to @entity5 were treated with salmon @entity175 , administered as suppositories containing 300 MRC units, three times a day for seven days. The mean plasma @entity460 level decreased significantly from 2.96 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter to 2.57 +/- 0.09 after one week (p less than 0.005) and rose again after discontinuation of treatment to 2.86 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter one week later. Urinary @entity460 and @entity720 values decreased during treatment and rose after discontinuation of treatment. The plasma @entity460 level decreased rapidly in six @entity1 , becoming normal in five; three @entity1 showed only a partial response, and one @entity1 had no response at all. No side effects were observed, and clinical improvement was noted in nine of the 10 @entity1 . Little or no response was observed in @entity1 with extremely high urinary @entity460 or, to a lesser extent, high @entity720 excretion. There was a significant negative correlation between the maximal decrease in plasma @entity460 concentration and initial urinary @entity460 excretion (r -0.78, p less than 0.01). Thus, salmon @entity175 administered by the rectal route appears to be an easy, safe, and effective treatment of moderate @entity2741 without apparent side effects.

title: Effectiveness of salmon @entity175 administered as suppositories in XXXX -induced @entity2741 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In pituitary gonadotrophs, @entity1176 induces expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ( @entity13437 /1) dephosphorylating enzyme, @entity17311 ( @entity17311 ). Here we examined @entity17311 expression levels following pulsatile @entity1176 stimulation of the LbetaT2 gonadotroph cells. @entity17311 expression was increased more prominently following high-frequency (every 30 min) @entity1176 pulse stimulation (7.02-    1.47-fold) than low-frequency (every 120 min) @entity1176 pulses (2.68-    0.09-fold). With high-frequency @entity1176 pulses, @entity17311 expression increased by 2.89-    0.32-fold 2 h after @entity1176 pulse initiation (four 5-min pulses). @entity17311 expression was not induced following lower frequency @entity1176 pulses, even when the @entity1176 concentration was increased. Under high-frequency conditions, @entity13437 /1 phosphorylation was observed 10 min after the @entity1176 pulse and decreased to basal levels after 25 min. However, @entity13437 /1 dephosphorylation did not occur concurrently with @entity17311 expression. Overexpression of @entity9682 , a kinase upstream of @entity13437 /1, increased both the @entity12102 and the @entity12101 subunit promoter activities, which could be completely inhibited by cotransfection with @entity17311 -expressing vectors. @entity11431 ( @entity11431 ) promoter activities induced by @entity9682 were also prevented by @entity17311 overexpression, confirming that @entity8837 has an important role in gonadotropin subunit gene expression. Both high- and low-frequency @entity1176 pulse stimulation failed to increase the @entity12102 and @entity12101 subunit gonadotropin gene expression levels upon @entity17311 overexpression. Our study demonstrates that @entity17311 is specifically expressed following high-frequency @entity1176 pulses and that this effect may participate in the differential regulation of gonadotropin subunit expression in association with @entity13437 /1 phosphorylation.

title: Induction of XXXX ( @entity17311 ) by pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation: role for gonadotropin subunit expression in mouse pituitary LbetaT2 cells.

entities_list: @entity17311 :: ('19252(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['DUSP1', 'dual-specificity phosphatase 1']

answer: @entity17311 :: (19252(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['dual-specificity phosphatase 1']


abstract: The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus contains magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNC) which synthesize and release the peptide hormones vasopressin and @entity398 . @entity2227 is a prominent excitatory neurotransmitter in the SON and regulates MNC excitability. @entity143 receptors (NMDAR), a type of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor, mediate synaptic plasticity of MNCs and are necessary for characteristic burst firing patterns which serve to maximize hormone release. NMDARs are di- or tri-heteromeric complexes of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits. Receptor properties depend on NR2 subunit composition and variable splicing of @entity4474 . We investigated the expression profile of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits in the SON at the mRNA and protein levels plus protein expression of @entity4474 splice variants in control and salt-loaded adult @entity35 . There was robust mRNA expression of all subunits, with @entity4475 levels being the highest. At the protein level, @entity4474 , @entity4319 , and @entity4475 were robustly expressed, while @entity4476 was weakly expressed. @entity4477 protein was not detected with either of the two antibodies tested. All four @entity4474 splice variant cassettes (N1, C1, C2, C2') were detected in the SON, although @entity4474 N1 expression was too low for accurate analysis. Three days of salt-loading did not alter mRNA, protein, or splice variant expression of NMDAR subunits in the SON. Robust @entity4475 protein expression has not been previously shown in MNCs and is uncommon in the adult brain. Although the functional significance of this unusual expression profile is unknown, it may contribute to important physiological characteristics of SON neurons, such as burst firing and resistance to excitotoxicity.

title: @entity143 receptor subunit expression in the supraoptic nucleus of adult XXXX : dominance of @entity4319 and @entity4475 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity778 is an important pathogen that can be transmitted in the enzootic cycle involved in influenza epidemics. In this study, we analyzed natural selection on the 260 sequences of subtype 1 hemagglutinin ( @entity12452 ) gene of H1N1 viruses isolated from @entity1 and @entity1707 in Asia. Nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN, dS) were determined for each @entity535 site in the @entity12452 coding region. Four and two positively selected sites were identified in @entity1 and @entity1707 viruses, respectively. These sites might be involved in the change of antigenic epitopes to evade the host immune system. The results indicate that more diversifying and less purifying selection controls @entity12452 of @entity1 viruses compared with the @entity1707 viruses. Furthermore, thirteen sites evolving differently in @entity1 and @entity1707 viruses were identified in the @entity12452 . These sites may play a role in the cross-species transmission. The analysis of adaptive evolution of the @entity12452 can provide valuable information for accelerating vaccine and drug development for prevention and treatment of @entity683 (H1N1) in Asia. KEYWORDS: @entity11317 ; H1N1; hemagglutinin; positive selection; antigenic epitope.

title: Selection pressure on the hemagglutinin gene of XXXX : adaptation to @entity1 and @entity1707 hosts in Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['Influenza A virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']


abstract: Importance: Genetic diseases often cluster in different ethnic groups and may present with recognizable unique clinical manifestations. Objective: To summarize current knowledge about @entity717 overrepresented among @entity1 of Jewish ancestry. Evidence Review: We searched PubMed and the OMIM and Israeli National Genetic Databases for articles published from 1969 through March 31, 2014, using the search terms @entity191 , @entity717 , @entity2055 , @entity3519 , @entity4790 , and @entity3605 with and Jewish. The final reference list was generated by giving priority to articles directly related to the topic, articles with the latest information, and comprehensive but relevant reviews. Findings: About one-third of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and more than 40% of @entity1 with familial @entity191 of Ashkenazi Jewish descent likely carry the @entity15102 mutation in the @entity15098 gene, a mutation in the @entity15675 ( @entity15675 ) gene, or both. This finding contrasts with only a 10% frequency of these mutations in @entity1 with @entity191 who are of non-Jewish ancestry. @entity3519 due to a @entity7922 gene mutation is responsible for most early-onset @entity3520 , and 90% of Ashkenazi Jews who develop early-onset disease have @entity7922 -related @entity3519 . @entity3605 and @entity4740 tend to cluster among Jews of North African descent, and @entity164 is particularly frequent in Yemenite Jews. Conclusions and Relevance: Genetic forms of @entity191 are much more common in @entity1 of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry with sporadic and familial @entity191 than in the non-Jewish population. The recognition of the particular @entity717 phenotype, coupled with information about the ethnic origin of the @entity1 , may point to specific genetic testing and lead to early and correct diagnosis.

title: Genetic @entity717 in XXXX of Jewish Ancestry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant dystonia']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['GBA', 'glucocerebrosidase']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic Parkinson disease', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'Creutzfeldt-Jakob']

entities_list: @entity4740 :: ('MESH:D019294', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Machado-Joseph disease']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'A dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'movement disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity17694 change their surface color pattern to match their background. We have reported evidence of the association between hormones and body color changes in this fish. First, bolus intraperitoneal injection with melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) immediately turned the skin color pale, while injection with melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( @entity5067 ) did not change the skin color. Second, gene expression levels of MCH change in response to background color, while those of @entity5067 do not. We also reported the expression of an MCH receptor gene (Mch-r2) in the skin of this fish. In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the roles of MCH in skin color change. First, long-term adaptation of adult @entity17694 to black or white background colors induced significantly different pigment migration patterns in both melanophores and xanthophores (P<0.05). However, continuous intraperitoneal injection with @entity17695 did not influence chromatophore proliferation. Then, using in vitro experiments, we found that MCH aggregates both melanophores and xanthophores, and inhibits the pigment-dispersing activity of @entity5067 in a similar manner. Finally, we identified transcripts of Mch-r2 in cells isolated from both melanophores and xanthophores. Taken together, the evidence suggests that MCH aggregates pigments via MCH-R2 in concert with the nervous system by overcoming the melanin-dispersing activities of @entity5067 in @entity17694 .

title: Inhibiting roles of melanin-concentrating hormone for skin pigment dispersion in @entity17694 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17694 :: ('98923', 'Species') :: ['Barfin flounders', 'barfin flounder']

answer: @entity17694 :: (98923,Species) :: ['Verasper moseri']


abstract: AIM: To assess the spectrum of findings using multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (four female and 46 male, mean age 65 years) were retrospectively identified from consecutive @entity1 with abnormal CT findings of the pancreas and negative work-up for known causes. These @entity1 had at least one finding supporting the diagnosis of @entity788 : serological abnormality, histopathological abnormality, or response to @entity134 . Two radiologists evaluated multiphase contrast-enhanced CT images in consensus. RESULTS: The pancreas showed diffuse enlargement (n=16; 32%), focal enlargement (n=18; 36%), or no enlargement (n=16; 32%). Forty-nine (98%) @entity1 showed abnormal contrast enhancement in the affected pancreatic parenchyma, including hypoattenuation during the pancreatic phase (n=45; 90%) and hyperattenuation during the delayed phase (n=39; 87%). The following findings were also seen in the pancreas: a capsule-like rim (n=24; 48%); no visualization of the main pancreatic duct lumen (n=48; 96%); ductal enhancement (n=26; 52%); upstream dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (n=27; 54%); upstream atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma (n=27; 54%); @entity730 (n=7; 14%); and cysts (n=5; 10%). Forty-two (84%) @entity1 showed one or more of the following extrapancreatic findings: biliary duct or @entity1085 (n=40; 80%); peripancreatic (n=8; 16%) or para-aortic (n=10; 20%) soft-tissue proliferation; and renal involvement (n=15; 30%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity788 presented with a variety of CT findings in the pancreas and the extrapancreatic organs. The present study highlights pancreatic ductal enhancement in a subset of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: CT findings in XXXX : assessment using multiphase contrast-enhanced multisection CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder abnormality']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: An organized mammographic screening program covered 8,690 @entity1 from selected birth cohorts (aged 50-59) in the Tampere University Central Hospital district. Forty-four @entity0 cases were detected in the first round of mammographic screening, which is 3.7 times the expected annual number of new cases in this population. To evaluate the proliferative kinetics and biological properties of these @entity5 , DNA flow cytometric analysis was carried out in 37 of the screen detected @entity5 (SDCs) using 60 clinically detected @entity5 and 30 screen-detected benign lesions as reference. DNA aneuploidy was observed in 17/37 (46%) of the SDCs as compared to 41/60 (68%) in the clinical controls (p less than 0.05), while all the benign lesions were DNA-diploid. The median S-phase fraction (SPF) in the SDCs was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower (3.5%) than in the clinical controls (9.6%). Differences in SPF persisted in subgroups defined by DNA ploidy and histological type. In stage-I SDCs the median SPF value (2.5%) approached that of @entity5 (1.9%). Our epidemiological and biological data indicate that the first round of mammography predominantly detects prevalent preclinical lesions, some of which are of very low malignant potential. At present such @entity1 may often receive too extensive treatment. DNA flow cytometry could help in the identification of cases which could be treated, for example, by breast-conserving methods.

title: DNA flow cytometric analysis indicates that many XXXX detected in the first round of mammographic screening have a low malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'benign tumors', 'stage I-II cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out if there was any local activation of complement in the vicinity of a @entity694 , and any fluctuation in the function of the complement system during operation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: One university and two district hospitals in Denmark. SUBJECTS: 29 selected @entity1 undergoing emergency and elective operations for @entity694 . INTERVENTIONS: Measurements of systemic and local complement fixation capacity and complement activation in samples of serum or plasma taken before, during, and after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in complement fixation capacity and complement activation during operation. RESULTS: Haemodilution during operation caused a significant reduction in the complement fixation capacity of serum and in the activation of the complement system as measured by generation of C3c. We were unable to confirm the presence of complement inhibitors during operation. Haemodilution caused a 30% reduction in fixation capacity of @entity4417 (12/29 samples of serum had values more than 2SD below the mean of the reference range compared with 4/29 before operation). The activity of C4 was reduced by 25% during operation and the capacity of the complement system to fix @entity4417 and @entity9199 was restored to baseline nine days postoperatively. Concentration of @entity8428 was significantly higher in serum from @entity5 venous blood compared with that from peripheral blood during operation. CONCLUSION: The presence of complement activation products in the general circulation reflects local activation of the complement system in the vicinity of the @entity5 , but this may have been influenced by tissue @entity39 or @entity4092 . Haemodilution causes a significant reduction in the capacity of the complement system during operation, whereas inhibitory factors associated with the @entity5 or operation and anaesthesia could not be demonstrated. We found no correlation between complement activity and clinical data.

title: Activity and activation of the complement system in XXXX being operated on for @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the spectrum of abdominal CT findings in @entity1 with tissue proved @entity370 , estimate their prevalence, and correlate abdominal findings with stage of @entity1514 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1987 and 1993, 140 @entity1 with tissue proved @entity370 underwent abdominal or chest CT at our institution. After exclusions, 49 @entity1 remained. Abdominal CT was retrospectively reviewed and the findings arrived at by consensus. Chest radiography within 1 month of CT was available for 46 @entity1 . Chest radiography was retrospectively reviewed and stage of @entity1514 arrived at by consensus. RESULTS: @entity4558 consisted of @entity381 , low density lesions, and punctate calcifications. @entity99 manifested as @entity75 , @entity382 , and punctate calcifications. @entity17461 consisted of lymphadenopathy, most commonly between 1 and 2 cm, and an increased number of normal sized lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: @entity370 produces @entity4558 in 53% of @entity1 , @entity409 in 16%, and lymphatic findings in 43%. No correlation was demonstrated between the abdominal findings and stage of @entity370 .

title: Abdominal manifestations of XXXX in CT studies.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abnormalities', 'Splenic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'thoracic sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity17461 :: ('MESH:D044148', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic abnormalities']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Cantaloupe @entity2487 has been associated with outbreaks of @entity5746 . Contamination might be introduced into the flesh from the rind by cutting or by contact of cut pieces with contaminated rinds. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of hot water or hot 5% @entity273 treatments in reducing the population of native microflora and inoculated @entity5746 on cantaloupe rind and transfer to fresh-cut tissue during cutting. Whole cantaloupes, inoculated with a cocktail of @entity5746 serovars to give 4.6 log CFU/cm2 and stored at 5 or 20 degrees C for up to 5 days, were treated with hot water (70 or 97 degrees C) or 5% @entity273 (70 degrees C) for 1 min at 0, 1, 3, or 5 days postinoculation. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria and @entity375 and mold on treated whole @entity2487 and fresh-cut pieces were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all three treatments. Treatments with hot water (70 and 97 degrees C) caused a 2.0- and 3.4-log CFU/cm2 @entity5746 on whole cantaloupe surfaces irrespective of days of postinoculation storage prior to treatment up to 5 days at 5 or 20 degrees C, respectively. Treatment with 5% @entity273 (70 degrees C) caused a 3.8-log CFU/cm2 @entity5746 . Fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated inoculated melons and those treated with 70 degrees C hot water were positive for @entity5746 . However, fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole @entity2487 dipped in water (97 degrees C) or @entity273 (70 degrees C) for 60 s were negative for @entity5746 , as determined by dilution plating onto agar medium, but were positive after enrichment at days 3 and 5 of storage at 5 degrees C. The ability to detect @entity5746 in fresh-cut pieces was dependent on the initial level of inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the use of hot water (97 degrees C) or heated @entity273 to reduce the population of @entity5746 on contaminated whole cantaloupes will enhance the microbial safety of the fresh-cut product.

title: Effect of hot water and XXXX treatments on survival of salmonella and microbial quality of whole and fresh-cut cantaloupe.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis', 'Salmonella', 'reduction of Salmonella']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: The ongoing multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigates the effect of @entity9805 on kidney function after renal transplantation. Renal transplant recipients (6th-12th postoperative week, serum @entity1011 < 3 mg/dl) were divided into a normotensive (diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg) and a @entity101 group (diastolic blood pressure > or = 90, < 115 mmHg). Normotensive @entity1 are randomly treated for 104 weeks with @entity9805 2 x 5 mg daily or placebo, @entity101 @entity1 with 2 x 10 mg - 2 x 20 mg @entity9805 daily or placebo and in case of inefficacy with additional antihypertensive drugs. Primary end point of the study is the renal transplant function. The trial was started in June 1990. One hundred and eight @entity1 were included into the normotensive and 138 @entity1 into the @entity101 group. Renal allograft function, @entity205 trough levels and the donor characteristics were not different between the normotensive and @entity101 groups at entry into the study. After 12 months there was no significant change of renal transplant function in both groups. @entity205 trough levels were also similar in the normotensive and @entity101 group after 12 months. As expected, blood pressure decreased significantly after 12 months from 150 +/- 17/95 +/- 11 mmHg to 141 +/- 16/90 +/- 9 mmHg in the @entity101 group (p < 0.01). In contrast, in the normotensive group blood pressure increased significantly from 128 +/- 12/80 +/- 6 mmHg to 135 +/- 15/86 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.001). No normotensive but 4 @entity101 @entity1 developed graft failure during the first 12 months of the study.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-year trial to study the effect of XXXX on chronic renal transplant function.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9805 :: (MESH:D009568,Chemical) :: ['nitrendipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study set out to determine occurrence of and risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) before and after implementation of an @entity285 -based handrub (ABHR) intervention in general surgery wards in a rural, tertiary care hospital in India. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent surgery between October 2010 and August 2011 (preintervention period) or September 2011 and August 2013 (intervention period) in the department of surgery were included. ABHR was introduced in September 2011. SSI was defined as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Comparison of SSI rate between the 2 periods was performed using analysis of variance. Risk factors were determined using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Incidence of SSI was 5% (36/720) and 6.5% (103/1,581) respectively, showing nonsignificant difference (P  =  .5735). The risk factor common for SSI in both periods was the duration of surgery (OR  =  2.6 vs OR  = 1.96, pre- and intervention periods, respectively). Risk factors in the intervention period were being a @entity1 (OR  = 2.18), @entity8 (OR  = 3.61), @entity6 (OR  = 4.43), smoking (OR  =  2.14), preoperative hospitalization (<3  vs >15  days; OR  = 3.22), and previous hospitalization (OR  = 3.5). Compared with other studies, the amount of ABHR used in our study was low. CONCLUSION: The amount of ABHR used might not be sufficient to interrupt the chain of contamination of microorganisms; therefore, continuation of the intervention and surveillance is recommended.

title: Surgical site infections, occurrence, and risk factors, before and after  an XXXX -based handrub intervention in a general surgical department in a rural hospital in Ujjain, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The heightened susceptibility to @entity166 in postpartum dairy @entity291 is often attributed to @entity1200 associated with the transition period. However, the cell populations involved in this @entity1200 and the dynamics between those populations are not well defined. Monocytes play a crucial role in governing initial immune response in @entity2348 . @entity291 monocytes are subdivided in classical ( @entity7636 (+)/ @entity16027 (-)), intermediate ( @entity7636 (+)/ @entity16027 (+)) and non-classical monocytes ( @entity7636 (-)/ @entity16027 (+)) with distinct phenotypic and functional differences. This study investigated the relationship of monocyte subsets counts in blood at 42 and 14  days prior to expected calving date to occurrence of metritis and @entity1271 within 2  weeks postpartum. In the enrolled prospective cohort of 27 German Holstein @entity291 , housed at the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute Braunschweig, Germany, n  =  13 developed metritis and/or @entity1271 postpartum. A multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between prepartum cell counts of monocyte subsets and neutrophils with postpartum disease. Our model revealed that higher counts of the two @entity7636 (+) monocyte subsets were predictive of disease. In contrast, higher numbers of the @entity7636 (-)  monocyte subset were negatively associated with disease. Interestingly, the neutrophil count, a common hallmark for inflammatory response, was not associated with the outcome variable at either time point. The results indicate that the number and composition of monocyte subsets before calving are related to the susceptibility to @entity166 within 2  weeks postpartum. Furthermore the oppositional effect of @entity7636 (+) and @entity7636 (-) subsets strengthens the hypothesis that these subsets have different functional roles in the inflammatory response in dairy @entity291 .

title: Counts of XXXX monocyte subsets prior to calving are predictive for postpartum occurrence of @entity1271 and metritis.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the quality of vision of @entity1 with customised aspheric @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) versus @entity1 implanted with zero-aberration @entity2790 after a 1.8 mm micro-incision @entity231 surgery (MICS). METHODS: Fourty-three eyes were divided into two groups: 17 eyes (reference group) received zero aberration Acri.Smart 46LC and 26 eyes received a customised-aspheric @entity2790 : either aspherical Acri.Smart 36A, generating a -0.18 microm SA compensation equivalent, or zero-aberration Acri.Smart 46LC. @entity2790 asphericity was individually selected according to the corneal spherical aberration (SA) in order to produce a residual ocular SA close to +0.10 microm. Refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivities, ocular wavefront aberrations and objective quality of vision assessment were analysed 6 months after MICS. RESULTS: Postoperative BCVA was similar in both groups (p=0.58). Mesopic contrast sensitivities were significantly better in the custom group at intermediate and high spatial frequencies (p<0.001), while photopic contrast sensitivities were similar. Total SA was significantly lower in the custom group (Z(4)(0)=0.085+/-0.075 vs 0.261+/-0.091 microm, p<0.001), whereas no difference was found in preoperative corneal SA. Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency was higher in the custom group than in the reference group (34.3+/-8.1 vs 23.57+/-8.6 cycles per degree, respectively; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Individual selection of @entity2790 asphericity with a preoperative corneal SA measurement allowed control of final ocular SA. Such customisation improves mesopic contrast sensitivity, and leads to better objective quality of vision.

title: Measurement of corneal aberrations for customisation of intraocular lens asphericity: impact on quality of vision after micro-incision XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lenses']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity2383 contributes to @entity296 during @entity63 and reperfusion. @entity63 damages the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Therapeutic intervention during early reperfusion decreases @entity299 , which suggests that @entity296 can be attenuated even though mitochondria were already damaged during the preceding @entity63 . Our previous study shows that @entity20611 given only before @entity63 prevents @entity2806 to the electron transport chain and decreases @entity1188 size measured during reperfusion in Langendorff-perfused Fischer 344 @entity35 hearts. In the current study, @entity20611 was given at the onset of reperfusion to test whether the blockade of proximal electron transport only during early reperfusion can decrease @entity296 . @entity20611 administrated during early reperfusion decreased @entity1188 size compared with untreated hearts, which suggests that the modulation of electron transport during early reperfusion attenuates @entity296 . The increased generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) contributes to injury. We tested whether the blockade of proximal electron transport prevents ROS release from the mitochondria that sustained @entity2806 . The blockade of the proximal electron transport chain at complex I attenuates maximal ROS generation from @entity63 -damaged mitochondria. Thus, the modulation of oxidative function during reperfusion provides a translationally relevant opportunity to prevent a portion of the mitochondrial-dependent injury. The cardiac protection by @entity20611 given during reperfusion may result from decreased ROS generation from the electron transport chain.

title: Reversible blockade of electron transport with XXXX at the onset of reperfusion attenuates @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity20611 :: ('MESH:D000654', 'Chemical') :: ['amobarbital', 'Amobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity20611 :: (MESH:D000654,Chemical) :: ['amobarbital']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Malignant transformation of sex- @entity134 dependent tissues is associated with the loss of expression of sex @entity134 receptors as well as of the @entity5 suppression gene @entity876 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of sex- @entity134 receptors, @entity876 and Ki-67 in specimens from pre-malignant and malignant cervical epithelial lesions throughout the menstrual cycle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of normal squamous cervical epithelium, @entity3146 and @entity957 , specimens utilizing antibodies against @entity172 receptors, @entity1420 receptors, @entity876 protein and Ki-67 antigen. RESULTS: In the samples taken from the normal cervical tissue, basal cells were usually @entity172 receptor-positive, @entity1420 receptor-negative, @entity876 -negative and Ki-67-negative throughout the menstrual cycle. In contrast, para-basal cells were @entity172 receptor-positive and @entity1420 receptor-negative in the follicular phase, but @entity172 receptor-negative and @entity1420 receptor-positive and Ki-67 positive in the luteal phase. In cervical precancerous and @entity5 tissue samples ( @entity3146 and @entity957 ), the expression of @entity172 receptors decreased. 31.15% of @entity3146 and 11.5% of @entity957 were positive for @entity172 receptors. However, the expression of @entity1420 receptors increased. 29.5% of @entity3146 and 49.2% of @entity957 were positive for @entity1420 receptors. Positive staining for @entity876 was observed in 15 (24.59%) cases of @entity3146 and in 39 (64%) of @entity957 . The expression Ki-67 index in @entity957 cases (47.60%) was significantly higher than of @entity3146 cases (30.2%) (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that @entity5 cervical cells evade normal growth control by sex @entity134 hormones while synchronously abnormal regulatory mechanisms acquire control of the cell cycle.

title: An immunohistochemical analysis of sex- XXXX receptors, @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 and Ki-67 in the normal and neoplastic uterine cervix squamous epithelium.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['invasive squamous cervical carcinoma', 'squamous cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor (iGluR) subunits and their mRNAs in the lumbar segments of spinal cord in @entity35 with @entity9 , so as to explore its underlying mechanism in relieving @entity1931 . METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 were randomly divided into control, model, and EA groups, with 10 @entity35 in each. The @entity128 ( @entity128 ) model was established by ligature of the sural nerve after cutting off the common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial nerve. EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to "Huantiao" (GB 30) and "Weizhong" (BL 40) for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. Mechanical @entity158 threshold was detected before and after modeling and before and after EA treatment. The expression levels of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor subunits @entity4474 and @entity4319 ,and @entity140 receptor subunit @entity4860 of iGluR and their genes were assayed by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) separately. RESULTS: In comparison with control group, the @entity158 thresholds were decreased significantly on day 2, 7 and day 14 following modeling in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). While compared with the model group, the @entity158 threshold was increased considerably on day 14 in the EA group (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of lumbar spinal cord @entity4319 and @entity4319 mRNA in the model group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), and those of lumbar spinal cord @entity4474 mRNA, @entity4860 and @entity4860 mRNA in the model group increased slightly (P > 0.05). In comparison with the model group, the expression levels of lumbar spinal cord @entity4319 and @entity4319 mRNA in the EA group were downregulated remarkably (P < 0.05), and those of lumbar spinal cord @entity4474 mRNA, @entity4860 and @entity4860 mRNA in the EA group down-regulated slightly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can significantly suppress @entity158 reaction in @entity35 with @entity9 probably through down-regulating the expression of lumbar spinal cord @entity4319 protein and @entity4319 mRNA.

title: [Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of ionotropic XXXX receptor subunits and their genes in lumbar segments of spinal cord in @entity35 with @entity9 ].

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['spinal hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['spared nerve injury', 'SNI']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Assessing the predictors of late @entity137 after high-dose conformal radiotherapy for @entity263 . METHODS: One thousand one hundred thirty-two @entity1 entered a prospective observational multicentric study; late @entity137 was evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Results concerning @entity548 and @entity322 of 718/1132 @entity1 with a complete follow-up at 36 months were analysed. The correlation between a number of clinical-dosimetric parameters and moderate/severe @entity137 was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. RESULTS: Fifty-two (7.2%) and 57/718 (7.9%) @entity1 were scored as moderate/severe bleeders and faecal incontinents, respectively; 19/57 incontinent @entity1 showed persistent @entity322 at 36 months. Bleeding was mainly correlated with V75 Gy while severe @entity548 was mainly correlated with the previous abdominal/pelvic surgery; a different rectal dose-volume relationship in the two groups of @entity1 (with/without surgery) was found. Moderate/severe acute @entity137 was weakly correlated to late @entity548 . The best predictor of @entity322 was acute @entity137 (OR=4 and 7 for chronic and actuarial @entity322 , respectively). CONCLUSION: The application of rectal dose-volume constraints limited the incidence of @entity548 . The risk of @entity548 may be further reduced by limiting V75 Gy<5% and, in the case of @entity1 previously submitted to abdominal/pelvic surgery, V70 Gy<15-20%. @entity322 seems to be mainly a consequential effect after acute @entity137 .

title: Clinical and dosimetric predictors of late XXXX after conformal radiation for @entity263 : results of a large multicenter observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['rectal toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears on the regularity of the corneal surface in @entity936 . DESIGN: A prospective, clinic-based, case-control study. @entity1 : A total of 64 eyes of 33 normal subjects and 42 eyes of 22 @entity1 with @entity937 were evaluated. METHODS: Indices of the @entity938 corneal topography instrument (Tomey Technology, Cambridge, MA) were used to evaluate corneal surface regularity and potential visual acuity ( @entity939 ) in @entity1 with @entity936 before and after the instillation of artificial tears and in normal subjects. The @entity938 topographic maps were classified into round, oval, symmetric bow-tie, asymmetric bow-tie, and irregular patterns. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The surface regularity index (SRI), surface asymmetry index (SAI), @entity939 index, and topographic pattern of the @entity938 were compared between normal and @entity936 and in @entity936 before and after the instillation of artificial tears. RESULTS: The SRI and SAI were significantly elevated and the @entity939 was significantly reduced in @entity936 @entity1 compared with normal subjects: 0.31+/-0.22, 0.30+/-0.16, and 20/17.89+/-20/3.04, respectively, in normal subjects and 1.28+/-0.73, 1.05+/-1.17, and 20/33.45+/-20/13.99, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity936 (P<0.001 for all indices). The average amount of @entity940 was also increased in @entity936 (2.10+/-1.96 prism diopters) compared with normal eyes (1.13+/-0.53 prism diopters, P = 0.02). In @entity936 , the SRI and SAI were positively correlated with corneal @entity941 staining scores (P = 0.005 for SRI and P = 0.016 for SAI). The mean @entity939 was not significantly different from the mean actual corrected visual acuity. The @entity936 had a significantly lower percentage of symmetric bow-tie patterns and a greater percentage of irregular patterns on topographic maps than normal eyes. After the instillation of artificial tears, the SRI, SAI, and mean @entity940 all decreased significantly (P<0.001 for SRI, P<0.002 for SAI, P = 0.04 for @entity940 ) and the @entity939 improved (P<0.001) in @entity936 . An irregular topographic pattern was observed in 45.24% of @entity936 , and this decreased to 30.95% after the instillation of artificial tears (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity942 have an irregular corneal surface that may contribute to their visual difficulties. The SRI and SAI could be used as objective diagnostic indices for @entity936 as well as for evaluating the severity of this disease and the effect of artificial tears. Artificial tears have the secondary benefit of smoothing the corneal surface in @entity936 .

title: Corneal surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous tear deficiency']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous tear deficiency dry eye', 'dry eye', 'dry eyes']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous deficiency']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['aqueous tear deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity455 are characterized by the presence of structural changes and the progressive loss of endothelial function. Although the biochemical basis of these structural changes have started to be outlined, it seems that accumulation of normal extracellular matrix proteins as well as the appearance of interstitial collagens, mainly collagen type I, characterize this process. On the other hand, a role for endothelial vasoactive factors has been proposed in the genesis of @entity409 , and it is generally accepted that changes in extracellular matrix composition may modify cell behavior. METHODS: Experiments were designed to test the influence of the supporting matrix on @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) synthesis by endothelial cells. Northern blot experiments were performed to analyze the @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) mRNA expression. @entity2232 production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Cells grown on collagen type I (Col I) showed an increase of @entity2232 mRNA level when compared with cells cultured on collagen type IV (Col IV). According to these results, the release of @entity2232 to culture medium was also higher in Col I-grown cells than in those cultured on Col IV. Treatment of cells with a peptide that interferes with Col I integrins ( @entity16708 ), or with protein @entity669 kinase inhibitors such as @entity670 and @entity11615 , completely abolished the effect of Col I. Moreover, experiments with antibodies against integrins suggest that these cell surface receptors could be involved in the modulation of @entity2232 system by extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of an abnormal extracellular matrix could stimulate endothelin synthesis by @entity1 endothelial cells, through integrin activation.

title: Regulation of endothelin synthesis by extracellular matrix in XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2232 :: ('1906', 'Gene') :: ['endothelin-1', 'prepro-endothelin-1', 'prepro-ET-1', 'ET-1']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity16708 :: ('p|SUB|D|6|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D6Y']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11615 :: ('MESH:C020754', 'Chemical') :: ['herbimycin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: @entity167 expectancies are associated with drinking behaviour and post-drinking use thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The expectancies held by specific cultural or sub-cultural groups have rarely been investigated. This research maps expectancies specific to gay and other @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM) and their relationship with substance use. This study describes the specific development of a measure of such beliefs for @entity167 , the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire for @entity1 who have Sex with @entity1 (DEQ-MSM). DESIGN AND METHODS: Items selected through a focus group and interviews were piloted on 220 self-identified gay or other MSM via an online questionnaire. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed three distinct substance reinforcement domains (' @entity73 ', 'Sexual activity' and 'Social and emotional facilitation'). These factors were associated with consumption patterns of @entity167 , and in a crucial test of discriminant validity were not associated with the consumption of @entity835 or stimulants. Similarities and differences with existing measures will also be discussed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The DEQ-MSM represents a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectancies, related to @entity167 use among MSM, and represents an important advance as no known existing @entity167 expectancy measure, to date, has been developed and/or normed for use among this group. Future applications of the DEQ-MSM in health promotion, clinical settings and research may contribute to reducing harm associated with @entity167 use among MSM, including the development of @entity167 use among young gay @entity1 .

title: The Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire for @entity1 who have Sex with XXXX (DEQ-MSM): a measure of substance-related beliefs.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: First symptoms and initial clinical, ultrasonographic and neuroradiological findings ascertained a mean of 5.6 days (SD = 5.6 days), 7.7 days (7.0), and 11.2 days (8.0) after symptom onset were analysed in 44 @entity1 who suffered a @entity18207 ( @entity18208 ) verified by magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, or both. Common symptoms signalling dissection were @entity10 in 68%, transient ischaemic attack in 20%, and @entity385 in 9%. Severe @entity158 preceded @entity1779 by more than 3 days in 60% of those @entity1 who eventually suffered a @entity64 . However, only 2 were admitted because of @entity158 alone and 33 for evolving @entity51 . During the first month, ipsilateral severe @entity10 occurred in 89%, neck @entity158 in 36%, ipsilateral @entity1779 in 82%, ocular ischaemia in 16%, oculosympathetic palsy in 48%, and @entity129 in 5%. Recent "trivial" head or neck trauma was elicited in 41%. Doppler and duplex sonography confirmed the clinical suspicion of @entity18208 in 91.5% and in 96% of those with a significant @entity850 or @entity432 . MRI demonstrated a thickened vessel wall in all 33 imaged carotid dissections and a mural haematoma in 30. None of the 32 @entity1 who received anticoagulant treatment subsequently deteriorated. Monitoring anticoagulant treatment with ultrasonographic follow-up studies demonstrated recanalization in 70% and persistent @entity432 in 30%. The results demonstrate that familiarity with the initial symptoms, especially @entity10 , and performance of an ultrasonographic study without delay are the cornerstones of an early diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spontaneous XXXX : early diagnosis and management in 44 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18207 :: ('MESH:C564125', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity18208 :: (MESH:D020215,Disease) :: ['internal carotid artery dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reperfusion of the @entity63 is a cornerstone of current therapy for @entity1187 . Experiments show that reperfusion is associated with @entity453 . Such injury may manifest as augmented @entity2553 or @entity73 , and in this study we assessed whether such coronary responses to @entity750 do occur. METHODS: @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) were occluded in 12 open-chested @entity235 for 1 h, then reperfused for 1 h. Vasoreactivity to @entity750 was measured in isolated rings from the @entity6128 and circumflex arteries (Cx), both at basal resting tension and after preconstriction with @entity2872 . Endothelium was removed in half of the rings. RESULTS: In the basal state, @entity6128 rings displayed increased initial @entity15496 and decreased dilation in response to @entity750 (maximum dilation: @entity6128 , -4.5 +/- 1.7% versus Cx, -7.6 +/- 1.4%, P < 0.05). With endothelium removed, peak constrictions of the @entity6128 and Cx were significantly augmented, and @entity6128 dilations remained @entity73 compared with the Cx. After @entity2872 , dilation in response to @entity750 was impaired in the @entity6128 compared with Cx rings (maximum dilation: @entity6128 , -18.3 +/- 11.4% versus Cx, -44.0 +/- 8.4 @entity6128 , P < 0.05). Endothelium removal diminished, but did not abolish, this relationship. De-endothelialized Cx, but not @entity6128 , rings displayed @entity73 dilations in response to @entity750 compared with their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS: After @entity63 -reperfusion, coronary arteries respond to @entity750 with enhanced @entity15496 and @entity384 . Changes in both the endothelium and the smooth muscle may determine these responses to @entity750 .

title: The vasoactive effect of @entity750 on XXXX coronary arteries after @entity63 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slightly impaired', 'impaired vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dilation']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'Left anterior descending arteries']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['constriction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine urinary @entity5244 metabolite concentrations in pregnant @entity1 with planned pregnancies in relation to history of @entity249 and use of assisted reproductive technology (ART). DESIGN: @entity5244 metabolite concentrations were measured in first-trimester urine samples collected from @entity1 participating in a prospective pregnancy cohort study. SETTING: Prenatal clinics. @entity1 (S): A total of 750 @entity1 , of whom 86 had a history of @entity249 . Forty-one @entity1 used ART to conceive. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary outcomes were concentrations of four metabolites of @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) and their molar sum (  - @entity5248 ). Multivariable analyses compared @entity5244 metabolite levels in [1] @entity1 reporting a history of @entity249 vs. those who did not (comparison group); and [2] those who used ART to conceive the index pregnancy vs. @entity1 with a history of @entity249 who did not use ART. RESULT(S): Among @entity1 with a history of @entity249 ,   - @entity5248 was significantly lower in @entity1 who conceived after ART compared with those who did not (geometric mean ratio: 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.98). Similar significant associations were observed for all of the individual @entity5248 metabolites. There were no differences in @entity5248 metabolite concentrations between @entity1 with a history of @entity249 and the comparison group. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 who used ART to conceive had lower first-trimester @entity5244 metabolite concentrations than @entity1 with a history of @entity249 who did not use ART. Further research is needed to explore whether those pursuing fertility treatments take precautions to avoid exposure to environmental toxins, to improve treatment outcomes.

title: Urinary @entity5244 metabolite concentrations in relation to history of XXXX and use of assisted reproductive technology.

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate', 'Phthalate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'diethylhexyl phthalate']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: We investigated the effects of exposure to maternal @entity410 @entity410 in utero on the behavior of offspring. An @entity302 model was induced in female @entity35 by administration of @entity2134 . @entity410 frequency was evaluated for 60 days. The @entity35 were then allowed to mate, and @entity410 frequency during pregnancy was recorded and compared with prepregnancy frequency. After birth, placentas of mothers were submitted for histopathological analysis. The behavior of the offspring was evaluated 3 months after birth. There was a decline in @entity410 frequency even though the placentas from @entity302 mothers showed areas of @entity1188 indicative of @entity7396 . Offspring of @entity302 mothers manifested @entity51 in the rotarod test and increased immobility in the open-field test. No changes in @entity148 and @entity308 -like behaviors were observed. These results suggest that "in utero" exposure to maternal @entity410 can produce motor deficits in adult life, perhaps as a result of @entity7396 .

title: Behavioral evaluation of adult XXXX exposed in utero to maternal @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in motor coordination']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in adults in Brazil. However, most of the available data is limited to unicenter registries. The BREATHE registry is the first to include a large sample of hospitalized @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 from different regions in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of hospitalized @entity1 admitted with acute @entity712 . METHODS: Observational registry study with longitudinal follow-up. The eligibility criteria included @entity1 older than 18 years with a definitive diagnosis of @entity712 , admitted to public or private hospitals. Assessed outcomes included the causes of decompensation, use of medications, care quality indicators, hemodynamic profile and intrahospital events. RESULTS: A total of 1,263 @entity1 (64  16 years, 60% @entity1 ) were included from 51 centers from different regions in Brazil. The most common comorbidities were @entity101 (70.8%), @entity2299 (36.7%) and @entity6 (34%). Around 40% of the @entity1 had normal left ventricular systolic function and most were admitted with a wet-warm clinical-hemodynamic profile. Vasodilators and intravenous inotropes were used in less than 15% of the studied cohort. Care quality indicators based on hospital discharge recommendations were reached in less than 65% of the @entity1 . Intrahospital mortality affected 12.6% of all @entity1 included. CONCLUSION: The BREATHE study demonstrated the high intrahospital mortality of @entity1 admitted with acute @entity712 in Brazil, in addition to the low rate of prescription of drugs based on evidence.

title: I Brazilian Registry of XXXX - Clinical Aspects, Care Quality and Hospitalization Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity79 was examined in users of NSAIDs (by COX selectivity) and @entity117 in the Health ABC cohort (n = 2853). Significantly higher @entity79 was found in users of relative @entity2247 selective NSAIDs with @entity117 ( @entity2247 /ASA) compared with nonusers. This suggests a role for @entity2247 /ASA in @entity170 . INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, by cyclo-oxygenase selectivity (COX), and @entity117 use on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) population-based cohort. It is known that NSAIDs inhibit the COX enzyme and decrease production of @entity2918 , which are involved in regulation of bone turnover. COX has two isoforms, @entity9859 and @entity2247 . Production of @entity2918 associated with @entity604 is primarily mediated through the @entity2247 pathway. In addition, @entity117 may have effects on bone independent of the prostaglandin pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NSAID (by COX selectivity) and @entity117 use and @entity79 were assessed in 2853 adults (49.5% @entity1 , 50.5% @entity1 : 43.1% black, 56.9% white; mean age: 73.6 years) from the Health ABC cohort. For the purposes of this analysis, relative @entity9859 selective NSAIDs were defined as having a ratio of @entity9859 IC50 to @entity2247 IC50 of > 1 in whole blood, and relative @entity2247 selective NSAIDs were defined as having a ratio of @entity9859 IC50 to @entity2247 IC50 of < 1 in whole blood. Analysis of covariance was used to compare @entity79 across each NSAID use and @entity117 use category adjusting for age, race, gender, weight, height, study site, @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation, Womac score, history of @entity309 , history of @entity625 other than rheumatoid, and smoking status. RESULTS: After adjustment for possible confounders, current use of relative @entity2247 selective NSAIDs with @entity117 was associated with higher @entity79 at the whole body (4.2%, 1.2-7.3 CI) and total hip (4.6%, 0.5-8.8 CI) by DXA and at both trabecular (34.1%, 15.4-52.7 CI) and cortical spine (12.8%, 2.3-23.3 CI) by quantitative computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the combination of relative @entity2247 selective NSAIDs and @entity117 is associated with higher @entity79 at multiple skeletal sites in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity117 : impact of cyclooxygenase selectivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Examination of at least 12 lymph nodes has been established as the standard of care for adequate staging of @entity694 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgeon fellowship training, @entity1 body mass index (BMI), and surgical approach (open versus laparoscopic) are important factors associated with lymph node retrieval at an NCI/NCCN-designated center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing colectomy for @entity694 from 1994 to 2009. @entity1 who underwent right, left, and sigmoid colectomy by open or laparoscopic approaches were included. Lymph node retrieval and risk factors for inadequate nodal retrieval (<12 nodes) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 371 @entity1 were included. Lymph node retrieval was found to be significantly increased when surgeons had fellowship training compared with no advanced training (19.9    10.6 versus 14.8    10.6, P = 0.0007). Lymph node retrieval was found to be significantly decreased in @entity28 @entity1 (BMI >=  30) compared with non- @entity28 @entity1 (17.3    10.0 versus 19.9    11.5, P = 0.05). There was no significant difference between open and laparoscopic approaches. On multivariate analysis, lack of fellowship training, surgery performed prior to establishment of NCI guidelines for lymph node retrieval, and small @entity5 size were independent predictors of inadequate lymph node retrieval. CONCLUSION: Advanced fellowship training of surgeons appears to be associated with higher lymph node retrieval and decreased risk of performing inadequate nodal retrieval. Small @entity5 size and surgery performed prior to establishment of the 12 lymph node benchmark were also associated with inadequate nodal retrieval.

title: Advanced fellowship training is associated with improved lymph node retrieval in XXXX resections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: We describe two protocols for preparing @entity1 brains collected for research and diagnosis. In both protocols, one half brain is processed for research and the other for neuropathological evaluation. Clinical, neuropathological and tissue mRNA retention data are used for sample categorization. In protocol 1, coronal, whole hemisphere slices cut at standardized landmarks are frozen with a cooling device at -90 degrees C, which yields discrete anatomical structures. In selected instances, small blocks of brain are frozen at -160 degrees C in liquid @entity1568 vapor. Cooling device or liquid @entity1568 vapor frozen samples are suitable for in situ hybridization, protein blotting or immunohistochemistry. Morphological freezing artifacts are minimal. In protocol 2, one half brain is frozen en bloc on dry ice; this tissue is suitable for regional evaluation of gene expression or neurochemistry. Morphological freezing artifacts are severe. In both protocols, the other half brain is fixed in @entity406 prior to sectioning and diagnostic evaluation. The standardized selection of @entity982 blocks from each brain allows precise diagnoses to be established, including identification of dangerous infectious processes; moreover, it makes it possible to produce a set of uniformly selected blocks and slides for comparative studies. These protocols lead to standardized tissue preparation for research and reduce variables impairing interpretation and comparison of data.

title: An improved approach to prepare XXXX brains for research.

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5474 are a common finding on chest radiography and CT. We present the case of an asymptomatic 59-year-old male found to have a 13 mm left upper lobe nodule on CT scan. The @entity1 was asymptomatic and the CT was performed to follow up mediastinal and hilar @entity3329 that had been stable on several previous CT scans. He had a history of @entity2415 and reported a 15 pack-year smoking history. PET-CT was performed which demonstrated mild @entity419 uptake within the nodule. Given his age and smoking history, @entity5 was a consideration and he underwent a wedge resection. Pathological examination revealed a necrobiotic granulomatous nodule with a central thrombosed artery containing a parasitic worm with internal longitudinal ridges and abundant somatic muscle, consistent with @entity358 . @entity5475 , commonly known as the @entity235 heartworm, rarely affects @entity1 . On occasion it can be transmitted to a @entity1 host by a mosquito bite. There are two major clinical syndromes in @entity1 : @entity358 and @entity5476 . In the pulmonary form, the injected larvae die before becoming fully mature and become lodged in the pulmonary arteries.

title: XXXX Uptake in @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5476 :: ('MESH:D004184', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous dirofilariasis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dirofilariasis']

entities_list: @entity5475 :: ('6287', 'Species') :: ['Dirofilaria immitis']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1573 skin mucosa (CSM), surrounding @entity2513 , is an endoscopic finding with pale yellow-speckled mucosa; however, its clinical significance is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CSM, and the association between colorectal carcinogenesis and CSM. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 733 consecutive @entity1 who underwent endoscopic polypectomy for @entity2513 after the screening of colonoscopy at the Asan Health Promotion Center between June 2009 and December 2011. The colonoscopic and pathological findings of @entity2513 including number, size, location, @entity1141 , morphology, and clinical parameters were reviewed. RESULTS: The prevalence of CSM was 30.7% (225 of 733 @entity1 ), and most CSM-related @entity652 were located in the distal colon (93.3%). Histological analysis revealed lipid-laden macrophages in the lamina propria of the mucosa. Multivariate analyses showed that CSM was significantly associated with advanced pathology, including villous @entity652 and high-grade @entity1141 (odds ratio [OR], 2.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.191-3.627; P=0.010), multiple @entity652 (i.e., >= 2 @entity652 ; OR, 1.692; 95% CI, 1.143-2.507; P=0.009), and a protruding morphology (OR, 1.493; 95% CI, 1.027-2.170; P=0.036). There were no significant differences in polyp size or clinical parameters between @entity1 with and without CSM. CONCLUSIONS: CSM-related @entity652 was mainly found in the distal colon, and was associated with advanced pathology and multiple @entity652 . CSM could be a potential predictive marker of the carcinogenetic progression of distally located @entity2513 .

title: Colonic XXXX Skin Mucosa is an Independent Endoscopic Predictor of Advanced @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Chicken']


abstract: A @entity235 model of experimental @entity583 has been used to investigate the release of troponin-I as a specific diagnostic indicator of @entity299 . An enzyme-linked immunoassay was established to detect @entity235 @entity10195 in serum. Polyclonal antisera to @entity10195 showed low cross-reactivity with skeletal muscle troponin-I which was completely removed by immunoadsorption. The cardiac specific ELISA time was 5 to 6 h. Assay sensitivity was 4 ng @entity10195 /ml with an upper limit of 200 ng/ml in neat serum. Mean normal circulating levels of @entity10195 were 15.6 ng/ml compared with an estimated 11 ng/ml in @entity1 [Cummins, B. et al. Am Heart J 113, 1333-1344 (1987)]. After experimental @entity1188 , @entity10195 was detectable within 4 to 6 h and peaked between 10 to 16 h post-ligation. Cardiac specific @entity908 kinase-MB isoenzyme was released with a similar initial time course. Mean peak @entity10195 and CK-MB were elevated 6- and 10-fold respectively. @entity10195 levels were elevated for up to 200 h post-ligation compared to a maximum of 100 h for CK-MB. The prolonged time course of troponin-I release was comparable to that seen clinically [Cummins, B., et al. Am Heart J 113, 1333-1344 (1987)]. Histochemical infarct size correlated well with CK-MB but less so with troponin-I release. This may reflect the complex nature of intracellular troponin-I degradation and loss from @entity39 cardiac tissue.

title: Cardiac specific troponin-I release in XXXX experimental @entity583 : development of a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity10195 :: ('403566(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['Cardiac troponin-I', 'cardiac troponin-I']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac necrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess compliance with product labeling recommendations to use @entity16703 as second-line therapy for @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and to obtain baseline and biweekly liver enzyme tests. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data to identify first-line therapies and liver enzyme tests among @entity16703 users between January 1, 1998, and March 31, 2000. Prescriptions for first-line therapy were searched for 90 days prior to the first @entity16703 claim. Liver enzyme testing (baseline and follow-up) was compared between two groups (the prerecommendation cohort October 1,1998, to March 31, 1999, and the postrecommendation cohort October 1,1999, to March 31,2000). RESULTS: 1,308 @entity1 received at least one @entity16703 prescription during the study period; 76% of @entity1 < or = 20 years were male. @entity71 was the claims-identified indication for 688 @entity1 (52%). Despite the labeling recommendation for use as second-line therapy, only 237 @entity71 @entity1 (34%) received a first-line therapy prior to @entity16703 . Only 12% and 11% of the pre- and post-cohort @entity1 , respectively, received baseline liver enzyme tests; 9% in the pre- and 12% in the post-cohort received at least one liver enzyme follow-up test. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with product labeling was low for both recommendations. Understanding the reasons for this finding could help improve risk management strategies.

title: A study of compliance with FDA recommendations for XXXX (Cylert).

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

answer: @entity16703 :: (MESH:D010389,Chemical) :: ['pemoline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genetic variation at the insulin-like binding protein 2 ( @entity13504 ) gene has been associated with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) by genome-wide association studies and by replication analyses. Our aim was to explore the underlying genetic model and mechanism of action, factors accounting for non-replications of the associations, and the effect of variation from pathway-related genes @entity24469 and @entity25297 . METHOD: We analysed here the association between @entity2175 (and related traits) and @entity13505 and @entity25298 in @entity13504 , and @entity25299 and @entity25300 (marking @entity24469 and @entity25297 respectively) from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study (N approximately 2500 aged 65-96 years). We undertook a retrospective analysis of the deviations from the multiplicative model in previous studies and the present study. RESULTS: We replicated an association between @entity13505 and @entity2175 status, and reported significant associations with anthropometric traits, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B. These associations were also observed for @entity25298 , but not for the SNPs marking @entity24469 and @entity25297 . CONCLUSIONS: The lower fasting insulin levels and the impaired beta-cell function associated with @entity13504 SNPs are independent of @entity28 phenotypes. The action of these SNPs on @entity2175 may result from an effect on beta-cell function. This could lead to lower insulin levels, the association with anthropometric traits being secondary. We discuss possible mechanisms of action relating @entity13504 with @entity2175 traits. The occurrence of null alleles, the inclusion of @entity2175 @entity1 in analyses of @entity209 risk traits and the genetic model, are possible factors accounting for non-replications of @entity13504 associations with @entity2175 .

title: @entity24469 , @entity13504 and XXXX genotype, haplotype and genetic model studies in @entity209 traits and diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity25297 :: (10643,Gene) :: ['IGF2BP3']


abstract: PURPOSE: The causes of the aggressive nature of BCR-ABL1-positive adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ) are unknown. To identify, at the submicroscopic level, oncogenic lesions that cooperate with BCR-ABL1 to induce @entity981 , we performed an investigation of genomic copy number alterations using single nucleotide polymorphism array, genomic polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of candidate genes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 with de novo adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) -positive @entity981 were enrolled onto institutional (n = 17) or Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto Working Party delle Leucemia Acute (n = 66) clinical trials. Treatments included @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) alone, conventional chemotherapy, or a combination of TKI and chemotherapy. RESULTS: A 7p12 deletion of @entity6763 ( @entity6763 ) was identified in 52 (63%) of 83 @entity1 . The pattern of deletion varied among different @entity1 , but the two most common deletion types were loss of exons 4 to 7 in 31 (37%) of 83 @entity1 and loss of exons 2 to 7 in 17 (20%) of 83 @entity1 . Disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter in @entity1 with @entity6763 deletion versus @entity1 with @entity6763 wild type (10 v 32 months, respectively; P = .02). Furthermore, a significantly shorter cumulative incidence of relapse was recorded in @entity1 with @entity6763 deletion versus @entity1 with @entity6763 wild type (10.1 v 56.1 months, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative prognostic impact of @entity6763 deletion on DFS (P = .04). CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity6763 deletions are likely to be a genomic alteration that significantly affects the prognosis of Ph-positive @entity981 in adults.

title: XXXX ( @entity6763 ) deletions in BCR-ABL1-positive @entity981 are associated with short disease-free survival and high rate of cumulative incidence of relapse: a GIMEMA AL WP report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity6763 :: (10320,Gene) :: ['IKZF1']


abstract: CONTEXT: Phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) @entity5 ( @entity21828 ) is a @entity74 caused by germline-inactivating mutations of the @entity983 @entity5 suppressor gene. Carriers develop benign and @entity5 of multiple tissues, including the breast, thyroid, intestine, and skin. Surveillance to facilitate the early detection and treatment of @entity5 is recommended but, because @entity259 have been reported almost exclusively in adults, childhood risk is considered to be low, and consensus guidelines recommend that surveillance imaging begin at 18 yr of age. OBJECTIVE/ @entity1 : Seven @entity1 with @entity21828 referred to two thyroidologists form the basis of this report. Medical records, operative histology, and @entity983 mutational analysis were reviewed to evaluate the pediatric presentation of @entity21828 -associated @entity1374 . RESULTS: Five of the seven @entity1 presented with thyroid nodules or @entity259 between the ages of 6 and 12 yr, often as the initially identified component of their @entity21828 . Two others were diagnosed with @entity21828 on the basis of extrathyroidal features but had markedly abnormal screening ultrasounds with solid thyroid nodule(s) of at least 2 cm, despite the documentation of normal physical examinations. Five of the seven @entity1 in this cohort developed @entity259 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity21828 can develop thyroid nodules and @entity259 in early childhood. This argues both for a high index of suspicion for @entity21828 in @entity1 diagnosed with multiple thyroid nodules and for careful thyroid surveillance in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity21828 . Because early detection improves the outcome of @entity259 , we recommend ultrasound surveillance for all @entity1 upon the confirmation of a germline @entity983 mutation, regardless of their age.

title: Thyroid nodules and @entity5 in XXXX with @entity983 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'hamartoma tumor syndrome', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex disorder']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) will require second-line chemotherapy for either relapsed or refractory disease. Currently, only allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers a curative option in this setting and no preferred regimen has been established. The reported efficacy of second-line regimens is widely disparate, thus limiting informed clinical decision making. A retrospective review of 77 @entity1 receiving therapy between 2001 and 2008 with relapsed, 42, and refractory, 35, @entity3052 was performed to determine overall response rate and survival following @entity2664 (8 mg/m(2)/day), @entity2879 (100 mg/m(2)/day), and @entity2592 (1,000 mg/m(2)/day) chemotherapy administered over 5 days. Among 77 @entity1 (median age of 54 years and 64% intermediate risk karyotype) with median follow-up of 153 days, 18% achieved a complete response and 8% a morphologic @entity1778 -free state. Fifty-seven (74%) experienced treatment failure, 10 of whom achieved a remission after additional therapy. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.8 months. Among @entity1 achieving a response, 50% received consolidation with allogeneic HCT, autologous HCT (5%), or consolidation chemotherapy alone (45%). A nonsignificant trend in overall response (50%, 27%, and 23.8%) and median OS (8.3, 6.8, and 4.7 months) was observed by cytogenetic stratification into favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable risk. @entity1 with refractory versus relapsed disease had similar overall responses (20% and 31%, P = 0.41) and median OS (5.3 and 7.6 months, P = 0.36). Despite risk stratification by the European Prognostic Index, our series demonstrates inferior rates of response and survival, illustrating the limited activity of this regimen in our cohort.

title: Second-line @entity2664 , XXXX , and @entity2592 for @entity3052 : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']