abstract: Epithelial @entity5274 that compose many organs are typically long lasting, except under specific developmental and physiological conditions when network remodeling occurs. Although there has been progress elucidating mechanisms of tube formation, little is known of the mechanisms that maintain @entity5274 and destabilize them during network remodeling. Here, we describe @entity238 tendrils mutations that compromise maintenance of tracheal terminal branches, fine gauge @entity5274 formed by tracheal terminal cells that ramify on and adhere tightly to tissues in order to supply them with @entity26 . Homozygous tendrils terminal cell clones have fewer terminal branches than normal but individual branches contain multiple convoluted lumens. The phenotype arises late in development: terminal branches bud and form lumens normally early in development, but during larval life lumens become convoluted and mature branches degenerate. Their lumens, however, are retained in the remaining branches, resulting in the distinctive multi-lumen phenotype. Mapping and molecular studies demonstrate that tendrils is allelic to rhea, which encodes @entity238 @entity52833 , a large cytoskeletal protein that links integrins to the cytoskeleton. Terminal cells mutant for myospheroid, the major @entity238 @entity52834 , or doubly mutant for multiple @entity4 wings and inflated alpha-integrins, also show the tendrils phenotype, and localization of myospheroid @entity52834 protein is disrupted in tendrils mutant terminal cells. The results provide evidence that integrin- @entity52833 adhesion complexes are necessary to maintain tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization. Similar complexes may stabilize other tubular networks and may be targeted for inactivation during network remodeling events.

title: @entity238 XXXX and integrin genes are required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity52833 :: (38978(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['talin']


abstract: There are many occupations where workers undergo daily exposure to rigorous environments, often with only limited access to fluids. Such conditions warrant the use of an electrolyte rehydration beverage; however, the long-term use of such beverages may pose potential health risks due to the increase in dietary @entity1372 intake. This study proposed to determine blood pressure response to daily electrolyte-beverage consumption during strenuous work in a group of young normotensive workers. Three groups of tree planters (mean age = 23 +/- 3 years, n = 51) were provided with electrolyte-beverage (3 mmol/L @entity972 , 18 mmol/L @entity1372 ), electrolyte- @entity1735 -beverage (addition of 333 mmol/L @entity1735 to electrolyte-beverage), or water at a rate of 500 mL/hour during the working day. @entity551 were measured each week over the course of 23 working days (30 days total elapsed time). Planters spent 8.4 +/- 1.0 hours/day at heart rates of 124 +/- 10 b/min. There were no differences between the groups for volume of fluid consumed; however, the electrolyte beverages appeared to be more effective than water at maintaining hydration during planting. Daily @entity1372 intake approximated estimated losses in all groups, with total intake lowest in the water group. Resting plasma volume expanded by approximately 4% in all groups, from the first to the 30th day. No changes were observed over time for systolic or diastolic blood pressure. One month of daily consumption of approximately 4.5 L of electrolyte-beverage or electrolyte- @entity1735 -beverage did not appear to affect resting blood pressure in young normotensive workers engaged in heavy physical work.

title: Blood pressure response to 1-month, electrolyte- XXXX beverage consumption.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the present study was to analyze long-term results of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in @entity1 with a @entity1653 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 72 @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2008 in MAASTRO clinic (n = 45) and University Hospital Zurich (n = 27) were included. SRT was given as primary treatment (n = 46), postoperatively (n = 19) or at recurrence (n = 7); 49 @entity5 (68%) were located in the skull base. Median total dose was 54 Gy. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 4.13 years (range 0.66-11 years). The 3- and 5-year overall survival were 92 and 79% for grade 0 and I @entity1653 . Progression-free survival for grade 0 and I was 95% at 3 and 5 years, and 40% for grade II and III at 3 years. In 98.4% of @entity1 , clinical symptoms were stable or improved. The majority of symptoms improved within 24 months after SRT. Local control is significantly better if @entity1 are irradiated immediately after diagnosis compared to a watchful waiting policy (p = 0.017). Grade IV @entity137 was low (4.2%, n = 3) CONCLUSION: SRT is an effective treatment with high local and clinical control. Early SRT resulted in better outcome than late treatment at progression.

title: High symptom improvement and XXXX control using stereotactic radiotherapy when given early after diagnosis of @entity1653 . A multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['local tumor']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare results of endometrial ablation using the Hydro ThermAblator (HTA) and rollerball. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Nine private practice and university centers in the United States. @entity1 : Two hundred seventy-six @entity1 with @entity931 due to benign causes. INTERVENTION: Endometrial ablation with the HTA (187 @entity1 ) or rollerball (89). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Menstrual diaries were kept for 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Reduction in diary scores to 75 or lower at 12 months was considered a success. For @entity1 treated and followed according to protocol, success rates were 77% for HTA and 82% for rollerball. @entity2588 rates at 12 months were 40% and 51%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Endometrial ablation with the HTA is safe and effective. It offers an advantage over rollerball ablation of being an office-based procedure, which reduces anesthesia requirements and obviates problems of fluid absorption.

title: A multicenter evaluation of endometrial ablation by Hydro ThermAblator and rollerball for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: @entity520 has been implicated in increased protein catabolism and @entity3147 of dialysis. The present study examines the effect of acid-base balance on the nutrition status of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 . We followed 43 @entity298 @entity1 for one year. Blood chemistries were measured monthly. @entity1 were divided on the basis of subjective global assessment (SGA) into well-nourished (A), mildly-to-moderately malnourished (B), and severely malnourished (C) groups. Mean serum @entity3157 and albumin concentrations were, for group A (n = 16), 23.5 mmol/L and 3.96 g/dL respectively; for group B (n = 17), 27.2 mmol/L and 3.50 g/dL respectively; and for group C (n = 10), 25.9 mmol/L and 2.9 g/dL respectively. In group A, mean serum @entity3157 was significantly lower, and albumin concentration significantly higher as compared with the other groups. Interestingly, of 9 patients with serum HCO3 < 22 mmol/L, 6 were in group A and 2 were in group B. Of 6 patients with serum HCO3 > 29 mmol/L, 5 were in group B and 4 were in group C. The data suggest that well-nourished @entity298 @entity1 tend to be more acidotic. Malnutrition in alkalotic @entity298 @entity1 may be due to low protein intake resulting in decreased acid production; however, an effect of @entity5838 on protein metabolism cannot be excluded.

title: Acid-base balance and nutrition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy drug distribution varies greatly among individual @entity1 . Therefore, we developed an individualised @entity1487 , @entity1259 , @entity786 (FEC) regimen to improve outcomes in @entity1 with high-risk early @entity0 . We then did a randomised trial to compare this individually tailored FEC regimen with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy followed by consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support. METHODS: 525 @entity1 younger than 60 years of age with high-risk primary @entity0 were randomised after surgery to receive nine cycles of tailored FEC to haematological equitoxicity with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) support (n=251), or three cycles of FEC at standard doses followed by high-dose chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity11678 , and @entity3003 (CTCb), and peripheral-blood stem-cell or bone-marrow support (n=274). Both groups received locoregional radiation therapy and @entity440 for 5 years. The primary outcome measure was relapse-free survival, and analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: At a median follow-up of 34.3 months, there were 81 @entity0 relapses in the tailored FEC group versus 113 in the CTCb group (double triangular method p=0.04). 60 @entity204 occurred in the tailored FEC group and 82 in the CTCb group (log-rank p=0.12). @entity1 in the CTCb group experienced more grade 3 or 4 acute @entity137 compared with the tailored FEC group (p<0.0001). Two treatment-related @entity204 (0.7%) occurred in the CTCb group. Six @entity1 in the tailored FEC group developed @entity3052 and three developed @entity2590 . INTERPRETATION: Tailored FEC with @entity1261 support resulted in a significantly improved relapse-free survival and fewer grade 3 and 4 @entity137 compared with marrow-supported high-dose chemotherapy with CTCb as adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with high-risk primary @entity0 .

title: Tailored @entity1487 , XXXX , and @entity786 compared with marrow-supported high-dose chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for high-risk @entity0 : a randomised trial. Scandinavian Breast Group 9401 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data changes of default mode network ( @entity1233 ) in @entity102 @entity1 in the resting network state treated by acupuncture, and to study the correlation between @entity1233 and the consisting effects after acupuncture analgesia. METHODS: Weizhong (BL40) and Huantiao (GB30) of the @entity1 ' lower limbs were selected as the main points to acupuncture for ten times. The whole brain was scanned using fMRI. The independent component analysis (ICA) was adopted to get @entity1233 information. The brain @entity1233 function link was analyzed in the two groups of subjects. RESULTS: The @entity1233 images were obtained in all subjects after @entity1233 fMRI data processing. The main @entity1233 differences between the @entity13549 @entity1 group and the healthy control group were demonstrated as decreased activities of DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). After acupuncture, activities of these regions basically recovered to normal. The @entity1233 of healthy volunteers shown by fMRI data in the @entity16631 mainly existed in the precuneus, BA7, BA10, and ACC. CONCLUSION: MRI images of @entity1233 in the @entity16631 could reflect @entity1118 , which was suitable for studies on the effects after acupuncture analgesia.

title: [Effects of acupuncture on default mode network images of XXXX @entity1 in the resting network state].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sciatica']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic sciatica']


abstract: Background. @entity272 among @entity4806 @entity1 differ from those in adults. Epidemiological studies are scarce, and those performed in Mexican population date back thirty years. It is likely that these diseases might have changed their frequency. Material and Methods. Retrospective study in first-time @entity1 referred to a @entity4806 dermatology service between January 1994 and December 2003. Demographics and diagnosis were recorded and compared with the results of a previous study performed in the same institution. Results. We included 5250 @entity1 (52.55% female, 47.47% male) with 6029 diagnoses. The most frequent dermatoses found were @entity483 (14.59%), viral warts (6.62%), acne (5.53%), @entity9585 (3.98%), @entity8205 (3.85%), xerosis (3.57%), @entity27301 (3.19%), @entity19857 (2.37%), @entity2695 (2.26%), and papular urticaria (2.24%). Most dermatoses increased their frequency when compared to the previous study. Conclusion. The frequency of @entity4806 dermatoses in our institution has changed in the last two decades. Environmental and sociocultural factors and institutional policies might account for these results.

title: Common Dermatoses in XXXX Referred to a Specialized Pediatric Dermatology Service in Mexico: A Comparative Study between Two Decades.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity27301 :: ('MESH:C537412', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis pilaris']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis alba']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 visited another hospital complaining of hemoptysis. A chest radiograph showed expansion of the left upper mediastinum which seemed to be a mass-like lesion. He was referred to our hospital for further investigations. Before further examination, however, he presented to the emergency room with @entity615 . Rupture of a @entity2334 was suspected because of the clinical symptoms and the findings of emergency enhanced CT scanning. Emergency surgery was performed at the other hospital, and frozen section results indicated that the lesion was a @entity1149 . The pathology report of the surgical specimens revealed poorly differentiated @entity2220 with infiltration of the aortic wall. Postoperative chemotherapy was added, and the @entity1 is doing well 10 months after operation. Some cases of @entity5 mimicking @entity449 have been reported. We reported this case of @entity2 mimicking the @entity397 of a @entity2334 .

title: [A case of @entity2 mimicking @entity397 of a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of severe back pain']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) has shown significant activity in the treatment of @entity1861 -negative @entity6961 ( @entity6961 ), particularly essential @entity1148 (ET) and @entity6582 vera (PV). @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b is a pegylated @entity3027 -2b with a significant advantage over nonpegylated form in that it is administered once a week. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1861 -negative @entity6961 were treated with @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b, given subcutaneously weekly, at the starting dose of 3 microg/kg/wk for the first 14 @entity1 and then 2 microg/kg/wk for the next 24 @entity1 , with intent to treat @entity1 as long as they benefited from the therapy. RESULTS: Median age was 54 years. @entity1 diagnoses were: 13 (34%) ET; 11 (29%) @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ); 5 (13%) @entity1861 -negative @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ); 4 (10.5%) @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ); 4 (10.5%) PV; and 1 (3%) unclassified @entity66 (uMPD). Recorded grade 3-4 @entity137 were related to fatigue, @entity4512 . Ten (26%) @entity1 stopped treatment because of @entity137 . Thirteen (34%) @entity1 achieved a complete remission, and 4 (11%) achieved a partial response. Only 1 @entity1 with @entity4018 responded. Median time to response was 5 months. Median duration of response was 20 months. Three @entity1 had a sustained response for >24 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b, with proper dose modifications, is effective in controlling disease in a significant proportion of @entity1861 -negative MPD @entity1 , particularly ET and PV. However, @entity137 encountered with @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b therapy are similar to those obtained with conventional @entity3027 , thus limiting the duration of therapy.

title: XXXX - @entity3027 -2b therapy in @entity1861 -negative @entity6961 : final result of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['myelosuppression, and musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome', 'HES']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders', 'MPDs']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: PURPOSE: Here we evaluate the prognostic significance of the relative value of genomic damage assessed by DNA fingerprinting in @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three @entity5 and paired normal mucosa samples were included in the study. Genomic damage was assessed by comparative analysis of paired normal and @entity5 tissue DNA fingerprints by the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Decreases and increases of intensity in bands were computed and referred to the total number of visualized bands per case. An index reflecting the genomic damage fraction (GDF), with separated values for losses and gains, was obtained for each @entity5 . This index was used to determine molecular and clinicopathologic correlates after exclusion of eight cases displaying @entity124 . RESULTS: Fifty-five cases were considered for the statistical analysis. The average fraction of altered bands per @entity5 was 0.287+/-0.121. When losses and gains were computed separately, the average fraction of changes was 0.126+/-0.113 and 0.161+/-0.120, respectively. @entity5 lacking a ras mutation showed an increased GDF, primarily because of a higher fraction of gains. @entity5 that were at advanced Dukes' stages and that were poorly differentiated also displayed a higher GDF. Finally, disease-free survival was significantly diminished in @entity5 with a GDF greater than 0.314 (P < .001). The prognostic significance of the GDF was independent of Dukes' stage (Cox multivariate analysis, P = .005). CONCLUSION: The degree of genomic damage assessed by unbiased DNA fingerprinting correlates with genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical variables in @entity14 and may be useful in assessing prognosis in @entity14 .

title: Assessment of genomic damage in XXXX by DNA fingerprinting: prognostic applications.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Radon and radon progeny inhalation exposure are recognized to induce @entity2 . To explore the role of mitochondria in radon-induced @entity105 in @entity1 , an in vitro partially depleted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cell line (  -) was generated by treatment of @entity1 bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells (  +) with @entity5611 (EB). The characterization of   - cells indicated the presence of dysfunctional mitochondria and might thus serve a reliable model to investigate the role of mitochondria. In a gas inhalation chamber,   - and   + cells were exposed to radon gas produced by a radium source. Results showed that apoptosis was significantly increased both in   - and   + cells irradiated by radon. Moreover, apoptosis in   - cells showed a lower level than in   + cells. Radon was further found to depress mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HBE cells with knockdown mtDNA. Production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was markedly elevated both in   - and   + cells exposed to radon. The distribution of phases of cell cycle was different in   - compared to   + cells. Radon irradiation induced a rise in G2/M and decrease in S phase in   + cells. In   - cells, G1, G2/M, and S populations remained similar to cells exposed to radon. In conclusion, @entity30364 -induced changes in ROS generation, MMP and cell cycle are all attributed to reduction of apoptosis, which may trigger and promote cell transformation, leading to @entity105 . Our study indicates that the use of the   - knockdown mtDNA HBE cells may serve as a reliable model to study the role played by mitochondria in @entity66 .

title: Radon-induced reduced apoptosis in XXXX bronchial epithelial cells with knockdown of mitochondria DNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity442 and @entity5100 ) are expressed in @entity1 intestinal epithelium. No information on the presence of IGF receptors in intestinal endocrine cells is available. We tested for @entity442 receptors the endocrine cell line @entity25917 , which synthesizes and processes @entity8586 ( @entity13216 ) among other peptides, and assessed the effects of @entity442 on cell growth and @entity13216 content. Cell monolayers in serum-free culture medium specifically bound [125I] @entity442 . Scatchard analysis was consistent with a single class of high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.91 nM; Bmax = 4,700 sites/cell). In competitive binding assays, unlabeled @entity442 , @entity5100 and insulin displaced in a dose-dependent manner [125I] @entity442 binding with the following potencies (KI): @entity442 (0.74 nM) > @entity5100 (3 nM) > insulin (1 microM). Affinity cross-linking with [125I] @entity442 using @entity17672 and @entity214 -PAGE under reducing conditions yielded a polypeptide band with apparent Mr 130,000, consistent with the alpha-subunit of the @entity442 receptor. @entity442 and @entity5100 (0.3-30 nM) dose-dependently stimulated @entity665 incorporation, with a maximal response of 110% above basal. @entity5100 was approximately 10-fold less potent than @entity442 , suggesting a mediation through @entity442 receptors. In addition, the numbers of cells treated with 3 nM @entity442 amounted to 116, 130 and 159% of control values after 1, 2 and 4 days of incubation, respectively (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the cell @entity13216 contents was observed after a 48-hour exposure to 3 or 30 nM @entity442 . These results demonstrate @entity2856 expression by the enteroendocrine cell line @entity25917 . @entity442 stimulates proliferation in short-term experiments, and increases intracellular levels of @entity13216 .

title: Insulin-like growth factor I receptors are expressed by the enteroendocrine cell line XXXX : relationship with proliferation and cholecystokinin expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity17672 :: ('MESH:C019358', 'Chemical') :: ['disuccinimidyl suberate']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'Receptors for insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity25917 :: (6781,Gene) :: ['STC-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term outcomes of surgical treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy (OT). METHODS: Data of 737 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity1149 by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and 630 @entity1 who underwent pulmonary resection via open thoracotomy (as controls) in @entity5 Institute _ Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2009 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors after lobectomy were also analyzed. RESULTS: In the 506 @entity1149 @entity1 who received VATS lobectomy, @entity260 occurred in 13 @entity1 (2.6%) and one @entity1 died of acute @entity649 (0.2%). In the 521 @entity1 who received open thoracotomy (OT) lobectomy, @entity260 occurred in 21 @entity1 (4.0%) and one @entity1 died of @entity358 (0.2%). There was no significant difference in the morbidity rate (P > 0.05) and mortality rate (P > 0.05) between the VATS group and OT group. In the 190 @entity1 who received VATS wedge resections, @entity260 occurred in 3 @entity1 (1.6%). One hundred and nine @entity1 received OT wedge resections. @entity260 occurred in 4 @entity1 (3.7%). There were no significant differences for morbidity rate (P = 0.262) between these two groups, and there was no perioperative @entity204 in these two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that age (OR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.004 - 1.091), history of smoking (OR = 6.374, 95%CI: 2.588 - 15.695) and operation time (OR = 1.418, 95%CI: 1.075 - 1.871) were independent risk factors of @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: To compare with the @entity1149 @entity1 who should undergo lobectomy or wedge resection via open thoracotomy, a similar short-term outcome can be achieved via VATS approach.

title: [Comparison of the short-term outcomes of surgical treatment for XXXX via video assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce readers to the use of @entity1502 for @entity6 -induced @entity1095 . The article provides background on the pathophysiology of @entity4760 as well as a review of the literature on the therapeutic use of @entity1502 for treating this disorder. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature, including review articles and case reports. Key index terms included @entity1502 , @entity6 foot @entity1066 , @entity16 , @entity1095 , and intermittent claudication DATA EXTRACTION: Basic pharmacologic data regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion were reported in normal subjects as well as in @entity1 with @entity8 . Open and controlled clinical trials also were analyzed; subjective symptoms were reported. The economic implications also were reported. The pharmacist's role in @entity1 education is discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity1502 800 mg/d was found to be effective in improving the symptoms in @entity1 with @entity2175 , including improvement in walking distance, paresthesia, skin temperature, and subjective overall response. In nondiabetic @entity1 , statistically significant differences in @entity6008 were found between the treatment and placebo groups. Case reports illustrated healing times, which ranged from two weeks to six months. @entity1502 use in both @entity2690 -dependent and noninsulin-dependent @entity1 was assessed in clinical trials, with improvement of symptoms in both @entity1 types. CONCLUSIONS: Studies show that @entity1502 is an alternative to vascular surgery in the management of @entity1095 in @entity6 @entity1 , particularly in those with chronic ulceration of the lower extremities that does not heal despite other optimal treatment regimens, including cessation of smoking, maintenance of normoglycemia, elimination of vasoconstrictive drugs, correctly fitted shoes, and appropriate would care. @entity1502 therapy may provide an appropriate, economical treatment modality by reducing the need for hospitalization and vascular surgery.

title: Clinical update on @entity1502 therapy for @entity6 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['leg-ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']


abstract: @entity3432 ( @entity3432 ) is an integral membrane protein of many haematopoietic cells and plays an important role in the clearance of complement-associated immune complexes, favouring their transport to liver and spleen macrophages. A small amount of soluble @entity3432 (sCR1) is also found in plasma and might originate directly from release of leucocytes and other circulating cells. In previous studies, an increase in serum sCR1 level has been observed in @entity1575 and @entity454 . High levels have also been found in @entity1 with some @entity5 . sCR1 serum levels were measured using a specific double sandwich ELISA assay. The present study demonstrates the correlation between mean serum sCR1 concentrations and disease severity in @entity1 with @entity409 . In @entity1 with @entity1575 , grouped according to the @entity1 -Pugh classification, sCR1 rose as liver function decreased. The presence of @entity5 in the liver apparently does not play a role in the increase of sCR1. Serum sCR1 was not elevated in other solid @entity5 . Since sCR1 accumulates in @entity409 , evaluation of its serum levels could be useful as a liver function test.

title: Soluble XXXX (sCR1) in chronic @entity409 : serum levels at different stages of @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3432 :: ('1378', 'Gene') :: ['CR1', 'Complement receptor type 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic malignancies', 'neoplastic growth', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity3432 :: (1378,Gene) :: ['complement receptor type 1']


abstract: The cost of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) remains prohibitively high for many @entity1 in low- and middle-income countries. Recent efforts have focused on obtaining @entity299 for donation and reuse in low- and middle-income countries from funeral homes and after device upgrades. Most @entity1 in the United States die in health care facilities, yet few data exist on the acceptability for reuse of devices from hospital morgues. Three hundred thirty-four autopsies were performed at the University of Pennsylvania morgue from February 2009 to July 2011, during which @entity299 were routinely removed and collected. Devices were interrogated to ascertain remaining longevity. When a longevity estimate was not provided by the device, the manufacturer was contacted to obtain an estimate. Date of @entity204 was obtained from the electronic medical record. Twenty-seven @entity1 (8% of autopsies performed) had @entity299 , of which 17 (63%) were pacemakers and 10 (37%) were implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Two of the defibrillators were part of cardiac resynchronization therapy systems. @entity299 were interrogated 1.7    0.7 years after @entity204 . The mean time between implantation and @entity204 was 2.5    2.3 years, but 13 (48%) devices were implanted within 1 year of @entity204 . Nine devices (33%) had <1 year of battery life remaining, 10 devices (37%) had an estimated longevity of 1 to 4 years, and 8 devices (30%) had longevity estimates of >= 4 years. In conclusion, a significant percentage of @entity1 who underwent autopsy had @entity299 implanted <1 year before @entity204 . Hospital morgues may serve as a source for devices in reuse programs, provided @entity1 or their next of kin authorize donation.

title: Longevity of implantable electrophysiology devices explanted from XXXX having autopsy in hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac implantable electrophysiologic devices', 'CIEDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum and outcome of @entity14 occurring in adult liver allograft recipients. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis of clinical, microbiological and histopathological data regarding @entity14 . @entity1 : Forty three out of 302 adult primary liver allograft recipients were transplanted and followed up (at median 42 months) at a tertiary referral centre/teaching hospital. RESULTS: Out of 302 @entity1 , 43 (14%) were investigated (by endoscopy and/or laparotomy) for symptoms of @entity14 after orthotopic liver transplantation. The symptoms were: @entity294 (n = 31); @entity548 (n = 5); and symptoms relating to pre-transplant @entity31 (n = 7). Among the @entity1 without known @entity31 , @entity548 occurring early after orthotopic liver transplantation was most commonly caused by @entity1960 and carried a poor prognosis. Excluding @entity31 , the commonest causes of @entity294 were @entity2718 , cytomegalovirus infection and medications, particularly during the first 2 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. No cases of @entity2132 , @entity11447 , @entity8016 , @entity4593 or @entity1071 were demonstrated. The activity of pre-transplant @entity31 was unchanged or increased after orthotopic liver transplantation. Two further @entity1 developed new-onset @entity31 after orthotopic liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31 , @entity2718 , cytomegalovirus infection and medications are the commonest colorectal causes of morbidity after orthotopic liver transplantation. Adult liver allograft recipients are, however, unlikely to show certain large @entity29 encountered in other immunosuppressed groups. Amongst non- @entity31 @entity1 , those presenting with @entity294 show a good outcome with appropriate management, whereas those with @entity548 have a more guarded prognosis.

title: XXXX in liver allograft recipients -- a clinicopathological study with follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['per-rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus colitis']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['amoebiasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal disease', 'colorectal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to predict energy expenditure (EE) from heart rate (HR) and activity calibrated against 24-h respiration calorimetry in 20 @entity1 . HR, @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ), @entity544 production (VCO2), and EE were measured during rest, sleep, exercise, and over 24 h by room respiration calorimetry on two separate occasions. Activity was monitored by a leg vibration sensor. The calibration day (day 1) consisted of specified behaviors categorized as inactive (lying, sitting, standing) or active (two bicycle sessions). On the validation day (day 2), the @entity1 selected activities. Separate regression equations for @entity4962 , VCO2, and EE for method 1 (combining awake and asleep using HR, HR2, and HR3), method 2 (separating awake and asleep), and method 3 (separating awake into active and inactive, and combining activity and HR) were developed using the calibration data. For day 1, the errors were similar for 24-h @entity4962 , VCO2, and EE among methods and also among HR, HR2, and HR3. The methods were validated using measured data from day 2. There were no significant differences in HR, @entity4962 , VCO2, respiratory quotient, and EE values during rest, sleep, or over the 24 h between days 1 and 2. Applying the linear HR equations to day 2 data, the errors were the lowest with the combined HR/activity method (-2.6 +/- 5.2%, -4.1 +/- 5.9%, -2.9 +/- 5.1% for @entity4962 , VCO2, and EE, respectively). To demonstrate the utility of the HR/activity method, HR and activity were monitored for 24 h at home (day 3). Free-living EE was predicted as 7,410 +/- 1,326 kJ/day. In conclusion, the combination of HR and activity is an acceptable method for determining EE not only for groups of @entity1 , but for individuals.

title: Energy expenditure in XXXX predicted from heart rate and activity calibrated against respiration calorimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The movement of the stomach after gastrectomy was studied by cine-fluoroscopic and photo-optical technique in @entity1 undergoing pylorus preserving gastrectomy (pyloric canal being preserved approximately 1.5 cm in 8 cases; group A) or antrum preserving gastrectomy (pyloric antrum being preserved 3-5 cm in 16 cases; group B). All @entity1 were operated on in our clinic for a benign lesion located near the angle of the stomach. RESULTS: 1) In the early postoperative period, the oral gastric remnants showed remarkable dilatation in group A. The dilatation was also observed in group B, but less prominent. 2) For the recovery from the @entity6676 and reappearance of @entity356 , it took much more time in group A than in group B. 3) Co-ordinated movements across the anastomotic site were recognized about one month after operation in group B and about two months in group A. 4) Antiperistalsis at the preserved antrum during an early postoperative period was observed in 2 of 16 cases in group B. The antiperistalsis in the two cases turned into normo-peristalsis in about two months. 5) From the results obtained, the preserved antrum showed an excellent functional drainage effect and plays an important role for the transportation of the gastric content. 6) In conclusion, antrum preserving gastrectomy results in a good @entity86 and is an excellent operative method for the benign lesions located near the angle of the stomach.

title: [Photo-optical observation on XXXX after antrum preserving gastrectomy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gastric motility']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric motility']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric motility']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with elevated postprandial free @entity1718 (FFA) and insulin resistance; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance to suppress lipolysis during gestation. We evaluated the longitudinal changes in insulin suppression of FFA before pregnancy and in early (12-14 wk) and late (34-36 wk) gestation in @entity28 subjects with normal @entity413 tolerance and in @entity6 subjects. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were also obtained during cesarean delivery from normal @entity28 pregnant (Preg-Con), @entity6 , and nonpregnant @entity28 control (Non-Preg-Con) subjects during gynecological surgery. @entity6 subjects had higher basal plasma FFA before pregnancy (P = 0.055). Insulin's ability to suppress FFA levels declined from early to late gestation in both @entity6 and Preg-Con subjects and was significantly less in @entity6 subjects compared with Preg-Con subjects over time (P = 0.025). Adipose tissue @entity10175 protein levels were 43% lower (P = 0.02) and p85alpha subunit of @entity4357 3-kinase was twofold higher (P = 0.03) in @entity6 compared with Preg-Con subjects. The levels of @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) mRNA and protein were lower by 38% in Preg-Con (P = 0.006) and by 48% in @entity6 subjects (P = 0.005) compared with Non-Preg controls. Lipoprotein lipase and @entity844 -binding protein-2 mRNA levels were 73 and 52% lower in @entity6 compared with Preg-Con subjects (P < 0.002). Thus @entity6 @entity1 have decreased @entity10175 , which may contribute to reduced insulin suppression of lipolysis with advancing gestation. Decreased @entity6864 and its target genes may be part of the molecular mechanism to accelerate fat catabolism to meet fetal nutrient demand in late gestation.

title: Downregulated @entity10175 and XXXX in @entity28 @entity1 with gestational diabetes: relationship to FFA during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['IRS-1', 'insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'obese GDM', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma']

answer: @entity6864 :: (5468,Gene) :: ['PPARgamma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thyroid Hormones exert a direct cellular effect on almost all the tissues of the body including heart. Limited studies are available in the country to assess the various CVS parameters in @entity1375 @entity1 and none have defined the impact of treatment on these parameters. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To do an echocardiographic study of the cardiac changes in @entity1375 and response to treatment. METHODOLOGY: 20 overt @entity1375 @entity1 were selected , 12 males and 8 females and subdivided into 4 groups : untreated @entity1 -A (14) , @entity1 on L-thyroxin >=4 months-B6 , control subjects matched by age and sex- @entity23882 , @entity1 after treatment-D6-a subset of group A. Total T3 T4 was measured by RIA and TSH by IRMA. Echocardiography was done according to the standard protocols. RESULTS: With replacement therapy @entity1375 @entity1 showed a decrease in wall thickness, decrease or disappearance of @entity2294 and improvement in cardiac output. However no change in systolic function or size of various chambers were noted. @entity998 seen in untreated @entity1 was mainly due to @entity1168 . DISCUSSION: Present study showed relatively increased thickness of IVS and LVPW in untreated @entity1 with marked difference in older @entity1 consistent with other studies. There is a striking correlation between severity of disease and @entity2294 . Following @entity6145 replacement it was reported to resolve within few months. CONCLUSION: All @entity1 with unexplained PE should be screened for @entity1375 . Echocardiography is useful in assessing the response to replacement therapy. With replacement therapy @entity1375 @entity1 showed a decrease in wall thickness.

title: An echocardiographic study of cardiac changes in XXXX and the response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: Two Inclusion Body @entity99 (IBH) vaccines (Vac-19 and Vac-28) were elaborated from serotypes 4, 10 and 11, isolated from country field outbreaks. The strains were attenuated by passages in embryonating SPF @entity1573 eggs (16 and 22 passages for both vaccines) and in kidney cell culture (3 and 6 passages respectively). Four experimental groups (G) were used: G I and G II of 8 @entity1573 each, vaccinated orally (4,4 TCID50/ml) with Vac-19 and Vac-28 respectively, at the third week and re-vaccinated 35 days later with the same dose and method. Groups G III and G IV with 5 @entity1573 each were the positive and negative controls, both group were not vaccinated, the first only challenged wit a pool of the 4, 10 and 11 serotypes on 45 days old and the last was not challenged. Prior and afterward, vaccination and challenge, clinical and serological exams were performed. The immune response was determined trough Agar Gel Precipitin (AGP) and serum neutralization (SN) test in @entity1573 kidney cells (CKC) using the beta method (200 TCID50/50 microliters). Positive response (100%) was detected from day 43 onward in the vaccinated group, to AGP test. This situation occurred on day 55 for the challenged group (G III). Geometric mean titres (GMT) were, prior to challenge, 1.194 for G I and 23.525 for G II. After challenge, GMT were 7.760 and > or = 305.736 respectively. The GMT for G III was 640. No clinical signs or mortality were observed during the experiment. The conclusion is that only Vac-28 provided a partial protection to the fowl, measured through the lesions observed.

title: [Experimental vaccines against XXXX . I. Serological evaluation].

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['avian inclusion body hepatitis']


abstract: About one-half of @entity1 with @entity31 develop @entity409 tests at some time during the course of the illness. This should prompt an investigation for @entity991 and other common @entity66 . @entity991 occurs in 2-10% of @entity1 with @entity31 . The diagnosis of @entity991 is most often made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Liver histopathology is often inconclusive but magnetic resonance cholangiography shows promise as a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool. @entity201 complicates 20-40% of @entity1 with end-stage @entity991 and is now one of the most common causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity31 . Distinction between benign and malignant strictures can be difficult and is best done with a combination of clinical suspicion, repeated imaging for mass lesions, cholangiography, and endoscopic brushings and/or biopsies. Dominant lesions of the common bile duct or common hepatic duct produce progressive @entity1087 and @entity409 . Early treatment may improve prognosis. Single strictures can be dilated endoscopically. If the stricture is more complicated and extends into the intrahepatic ducts or there is suspicion of @entity201 , surgical resection may be more appropriate. Liver transplantation should be considered in end-stage disease.

title: Investigation of the XXXX with @entity409 tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage', 'abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) and noninfectious, nonallergic @entity2490 (NINA) are common disorders, which may prompt @entity1 to seek medical help. METHODS: We performed a survey in a representative sample of the Belgian population (n=4959) with an overall prevalence of self-declared recent @entity2490 symptoms of 39.3%. Detailed information on @entity1 having experienced nasal symptoms over the past year was then obtained from a random sample of respondents (n=743). RESULTS: The adjusted prevalence was 29.8% for @entity2023 and 9.6% for NINA, respectively. According to the @entity6048 classification, there was significantly more 'persistent' symptomatology in the @entity2023 group (40.8%) than in NINA (23.5%) (P<0.001), and more 'moderate/severe' symptom intensity in @entity2023 (75.4%) than in NINA (53.1%) (P<0.001). @entity2023 @entity1 suffered from a greater number of symptoms than NINA @entity1 (P<0.001). @entity565 , @entity5419 as co-morbidities were all found to be significantly more prevalent in the @entity2023 vs the NINA group (P<0.05 for all). The percentage of consulting @entity1 (total: 66.8%), who subjectively perceived their @entity2490 as moderate/severe, was 94.0%, whereas 75.6% of these @entity1 were classified accordingly based on @entity6048 criteria. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of self-declared @entity2490 symptoms in the Belgian population, @entity2023 being about three times more prevalent than NINA. In addition, @entity2023 @entity1 suffered from a greater number of symptoms and displayed a more 'persistent' and 'moderate-severe' @entity6048 profile than NINA. About 75% of @entity1 seeking medical help suffer from 'moderate to severe' forms of @entity2490 .

title: Prevalence, classification and perception of allergic and nonallergic XXXX in Belgium.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['skin and food allergy']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: We have performed 128 @entity35 liver transplants in order to examine the effect of sugars in preservation solutions on cold storage of @entity35 livers. @entity413 (Mw. 180), @entity969 (Mw. 348), and raffinose (Mw. 594) were tested. @entity35 livers were preserved at 4 degrees C for 12, 16, 18, and 24 h in standard Eurocollins solution (EC solution) (solution A) or in one of three modified EC solutions in which 194 mM/liter @entity413 in standard EC solution was replaced by 140 mM/liter of @entity413 (solution B), @entity969 (solution C), or @entity9592 (solution D). The osmolarity of the modified solutions (solution B-D) was 320 mOsm/liter. Using standard EC solution (solution A), the 1-week survival rate of @entity35 receiving livers preserved for 12, 16, 18, or 24 h was 6/8, 4/8, 1/8, and 0/4, respectively. With solution B, in which 194 mM/liter @entity413 was replaced by 140 mM/liter @entity413 , 1 week survivors following transplantation of livers preserved for 12, 16, 18 or 24 h were 4/8, 3/8, 2/8 and 0/4, respectively. Solution C, which was identical to solution A except for the replacement of 194 mM/liter @entity413 by 140 mM/liter @entity969 , gave the following 1-week survival rates: 5/8 for 12 h, 5/8 for 16 h, 2/8 for 18 h, and 0/4 for 24 hours preservation, respectively. Using solution D, which differed from A in the replacement of @entity413 by 140 mM/liter raffinose, the 1-week survival rates of @entity35 grafted with livers preserved for 12, 16, 18, and 24 h were 6/8, 5/8, 3/8 and 0/4, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of sugars in the preservation solution on liver storage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the introduction of mesh plug and patch for @entity547 repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 483 consecutive cases of @entity18659 treated at a county hospital in the period November 1993 to April 1997. The final follow-up was done by questionnaire. RESULTS: The operation was performed as a day-in procedure in 59% of the @entity1 , and 35% stayed in the ward overnight. Normal daily activities were resumed within three (2-7) days (median [interquartile range]), and the sick leave was 7 (4-14) days. There were few @entity260 , and reoperation was done in two cases. The overall recurrence rate was 5%, and for primary hernias 4%. There were no recurrences after operation for @entity18659 . @entity1118 was reported in 17% of the @entity1 , 12% felt @entity158 only during strenuous exercise. The observation at time was 46 (36-56) months (median [interquartile range]). DISCUSSION: @entity1 operated on with the mesh plug and patch technique had a short hospital stay and a short convalescence. The recurrence rate was acceptable.

title: [Tension-free hernioplasty with a plug and a patch. A prospective long-term study of 483 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal or femoral hernia', 'femoral hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity18659 :: (MESH:D006550,Disease) :: ['inguinal or femoral hernia']


abstract: Data are reported on the major @entity1718 and moisture, protein, fat, @entity1132 , and ash content of several important dairy products, including major cheeses, presently available to the consumer. Samples of milk products, cheeses, wheys produced in processing, and the original milks from which the products were made were obtained from dairy processing plants. Samples of cheeses were also obtained from retail markets in six geographic areas of the United States. Nonfat fluid whole milk contained amounts of protein, @entity1132 , and ash similar to those found in fluid whole milk. The @entity844 distribution of milk fat was not appreciably altered by the processing employed for this study. Protein and fat values were quite constant among samples of each cheese. No @entity1132 was detected in the ripened cheeses. Mean @entity844 patterns for the different cheeses were not appreciably different from each other. The @entity4877 (4:0) in the cheeses showed the greatest sample variation. The cheeses did not contain appreciably different proportions of @entity1474 . Procedures for converting data on @entity15006 to @entity1718 (free acids or @entity1674 ) as weight percentages of the food are presented.

title: Major XXXX and proximate composition of dairy products.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity15006 :: ('CHEBI:4986', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid methyl ester']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: The clinical relevance of second-line drug susceptibility test (DST) results with respect to treatment outcome is unknown in non-XDR MDR @entity1 . This study was carried out in the sole national referral centre for TB in Iran between 2002 and 2006. @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) @entity1 who had DST to second-line drugs were included. For all @entity6371 @entity1 the standard second-line regimen was initiated. Outcome of treatment based on DST to second-line drugs was analysed. 53 @entity1 were included. DST for second-line drugs was available for 40 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 returned to Afghanistan during treatment. Among the remainder, 13 (30.4%) cases were Iranian. Mean age was 40.8 + 19.7 y. The relatively small sample size imposes some limitations on this study. However, in this study, there was no difference in resistance to second-line drugs by nationality. No significant correlation was seen between resistance to second-line drugs and outcome of treatment. In conclusion, the treatment outcome according to WHO definitions was appropriate in the study population by the use of standardized treatment regimens. Follow-up studies on a long-term basis are however needed in order to detect possible relapses.

title: Is standardized treatment appropriate for non-XDR multiple XXXX cases? A clinical descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['drug resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locoregional therapy of hepatic-metastatic disease may overcome the limitations of systemic therapy by allowing @entity5 drug dose intensification without increasing systemic @entity137 . This may result in improved efficacy. We have demonstrated that the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor @entity13627 (9-AC) when dissolved in @entity4831 acts as a sustained release preparation, with good antitumor activity. Its benefit as a depot hepatic intraarterial (i.a.) therapy for hepatic @entity3 was compared to systemic therapy with an aqueous @entity3079 ( @entity3079 ) preparation of 9-AC in a @entity35 model, since a lack of demonstrable benefit of the locoregional therapy, would argue against further clinical evaluation. METHODS: Fisher @entity35 underwent direct intraportal injection of 2 x 10(5) MADB106 @entity420 cells and were treated 6 to 7 days later with: (a) bolus i.a. 9-AC (60 micrograms) in 60 microliters of @entity4831 ; (b) bolus i.a. @entity3079 /9-AC (60 micrograms) in 200 microliters water; (c) bolus i.a. @entity4831 only (60 microliters), or (d) @entity3079 /9-AC (60 micrograms) in 200 microliters water, via a mini-osmotic pump pumping at 1 microliter/hr for 7 days intraperitoneally (i.p.). Livers were harvested 10 to 12 days later, and the number of @entity3 on the surface were counted blindly. RESULTS: Bolus hepatic i.a. 9-AC/ @entity4831 was found to be significantly superior in reducing the number of hepatic @entity3 , when compared to the aqueous @entity3079 preparation administered in the same manner, or by continuous infusion via mini-osmotic pump i.p. (p < 0.01). Systemic therapy was also associated with substantial @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that locoregional therapy of @entity99 with 9-AC/ @entity4831 would be associated with clinical efficacy far exceeding that associated with its systemic administration.

title: A comparison of locoregional depot and systemic preparations of @entity13627 for treatment of liver @entity3 in a XXXX @entity5 model: superior antitumor activity of sustained-release preparation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloidal dispersion', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity13627 :: ('MESH:C080125', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Aminocamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethiodol']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Cryopreserved cell suspensions of freshly excised @entity320 metastases from nine @entity1 were injected s.c. into C.B-17 @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . All 9 @entity5 grew as s.c. masses and six of nine were successfully transplanted into other @entity466 @entity19 . Transplant inocula as low as 5 x 10(5) cells resulted in 100% @entity5 incidence. Moreover, seven of @entity5 metastasized, five from the original s.c. implants and two from transplanted s.c. @entity5 . @entity3 were detected mainly in the lungs but also were found in abdominal viscera (liver, spleen, and pancreas) and thoracic lymph nodes. Flow cytometric analysis showed that expression of a panel of @entity320 antigens, @entity320 -associated proteoglycan, @entity15311 , and @entity56244 , was maintained with @entity466 passage. The @entity5 inocula contained a variable percentage of @entity5 -associated lymphocytes (1-76%). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that these were mainly CD3+ T-cells. However, there was no correlation between the percentage of @entity5 -associated lymphocytes and the time required for development of a palpable @entity5 after s.c. injection or the ability to metastasize. These results demonstrate the growth and spontaneous @entity3 of fresh @entity1 @entity320 in @entity466 @entity19 and suggest that this model could be important for therapeutic and basic biological studies.

title: Growth and @entity3 of fresh XXXX @entity320 tissue in @entity19 with @entity466 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nine tumors', 'original tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity15311 :: ('MESH:C026226', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside GD3']

entities_list: @entity56244 :: ('MESH:C019403', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside GD2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity3027 , a known inhibitor of myelopoiesis, is increasingly used to treat @entity1 with @entity262 ( @entity262 ). However, the mechanisms of @entity4020 effects on mast cell (MC) growth remain unknown, and the treatment responses may be variable. In the present study, factor-dependent ex-vivo differentiation of MCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was analyzed in a @entity1 with @entity262 treated with IFN-alpha2b (3 million U/day). The @entity1 exhibited an extensive MC infiltration in his bone marrow (BM) and increasing serum total tryptase levels (spiking to > 1,400 ng/ml). PBMNCs were collected before and during @entity4020 b treatment and cultured in the presence or absence of @entity6826 ( @entity6826 , 100 ng/ml) for 42 days. In the absence of @entity6826 , no MC growth was detectable. However, in the presence of @entity6826 , MC containing tryptase appeared in the cultures. Treatment with IFN-alpha2b resulted in a time-dependent decrease in @entity6826 -inducible formation of MCs from PB progenitor cells in vitro. Also, during @entity4020 b treatment, blood @entity112 concentrations decreased. Serum total tryptase levels initially increased despite @entity4020 b treatment. However, after a latency period of a few months, tryptase concentrations declined and then reached a plateau. In healthy individuals, the @entity6826 -induced in vitro growth of MCs from their progenitor cells was also inhibitable by the addition of IFN-alpha2b. In summary, our data show that @entity4020 b can exhibit inhibitory effects on factor-dependent growth of MC progenitor cells. However, it still remains open which of the @entity1 with @entity5310 can benefit from long-term @entity4020 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity4020 treatment on ex vivo differentiation of mast cells from circulating progenitor cells in a XXXX with @entity262 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations and EEG characteristics of @entity5427 in @entity1 , and to strengthen the recognition of this disease. METHOD: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity5427 received video EEG monitoring, head MRI/CT and gene test, 11 @entity1 received the metabolic investigations (e.g., @entity880 , @entity3265 , GC/ @entity15 and @entity15 / @entity15 ). Eight @entity1 received Gesell test. The @entity1 were followed up for 1-3 years. RESULT: Of the 14 cases, 4 were male and 10 female, their age was from 8 months to 3 years and 7 months. The clinical characteristics included prominent lower @entity89 , fair skin and yellow hair, light-colored iris, paroxysmal laughter, @entity13299 and language backward. Twelve @entity1 had @entity302 ; 10 @entity1 displayed @entity159 ( @entity159 ), 9 @entity1 displayed @entity3148 , and non-convulsive @entity410 simultaneously; myoclonic, generalized @entity410 and complex partial @entity410 in 1 each; 4 @entity1 had @entity221 in early @entity410 . The EEG showed paroxysmal middle-high amplitude 2-3 Hz spike and spinous slow-wave in 8 @entity1 . Four @entity1 showed paroxysmal frequently middle-high amplitude 2-3 Hz slow waves mixed with sharps. The other 2 @entity1 showed a normal EEG. All the @entity1 were diagnosed with genetics testing. The results included maternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-13 in 12, paternal @entity8882 in 1 and imprinting defects in 1. CONCLUSION: There are characteristic clinical manifestation and craniofacial features in @entity5427 @entity1 . Some @entity1 have specific EEG patterns. Abnormal region of chromosome 15q11-13 is the basis of diagnosis.

title: [Clinical manifestation and EEG characteristics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Angelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw and wide mouth']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic, atypical absence']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['NCSE', 'non-convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['Angelman syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery may improve survival rates among @entity1 with @entity418 . We designed a novel intense induction regimen with @entity1311 and high-dose hyperfractionated radiotherapy to maximize complete response rates. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity418 were treated in a phase I and II trial of induction chemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity1311 ) at three dosage levels (75, 125, and 100 mg/m2) and concurrent hyperfractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy to the mediastinum, 58.5 Gy to the @entity5 ). The mean age was 62 years, and 32 @entity1 (80%) had @entity420 . Twenty-eight of 40 (70%) @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 (T3, or stage IIB or greater). RESULTS: The average hospitalization for induction treatment was 17 days. @entity137 was substantial, with @entity2910 necessitating nutritional support the most common complication. The maximum tolerated dose of @entity1311 was 100 mg/m2. Two @entity1 died during induction treatment. Thirty-six @entity1 (90%) underwent resection. The median length of stay was 10 days, and two @entity1 died after the operation. Fourteen of 36 @entity1 (39%) had a pathologic complete response. @entity1 who received all prescribed chemotherapy had a higher pathologic complete response rate (50%) than did @entity1 who required dose reduction (17%; p = 0.076). The 2-year survival rate was 61% (95% CI 35% to 86%) with a median follow-up of 11.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 at a dose of 100 mg/m2 appears to have acceptable @entity137 . The high pathologic complete response rate in this regimen is encouraging, but it is associated with substantial @entity137 . The @entity137 of this regimen is not acceptable and will require substantial reduction in the radiation component. Survival data are too short-term to confirm enhanced survival.

title: Induction therapy for @entity418 with XXXX and hyperfractionated radiotherapy: a phase I and II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Luteal phase abnormalities are known to complicate ovulation induction with gonadotropins. This study was performed to test the effect of a modified @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) regimen on the luteal phase during gonadotropin treatment. DESIGN: Fifteen @entity1 from a private practice setting volunteered to be studied during each of two nonconception, gonadotropin-stimulated cycles. After ovarian stimulation with @entity1 menopausal gonadotropins (hMG), @entity1465 was administered either as a single dose of 10,000 IU (single dose) or in two divided doses of 5,000 IU given 1 week apart (split dose). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Early, midluteal, and late luteal @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 (P) levels and luteal phase lengths were measured, and their median values and intraquartile ranges (IQR) compared using nonparametric analysis. RESULTS: Early and midluteal E2 and P levels were similar regardless of which @entity1465 regimen was administered. The median late luteal E2 level was 1,146.0 pg/mL (the IQR ranged from 633 to 1,650, IQR = 1,017) with the split-dose regimen and 240.0 pg/mL (the IQR ranged from 150 to 460, IQR = 310) with the single-dose regimen. The median late luteal P level was 108.0 ng/mL (the IQR ranged from 58.5 to 129, IQR = 70.5) with the split-dose regimen and 4.2 ng/mL (the IQR ranged from 1.9 to 11.7, IQR = 9.8) with the single-dose regimen. Median luteal phase lengths were 16 days (the IQR ranged from 15 to 17, IQR = 2) for the split-dose regimen and 11 days (the IQR ranged from 10 to 12, IQR = 2) for the single-dose regimen. CONCLUSION: In hMG-stimulated cycles, a second dose of @entity1465 given during the midluteal phase significantly increases late luteal E2 and P levels and consistently lengthens the luteal phase.

title: The luteal phase during gonadotropin therapy: effects of two XXXX chorionic gonadotropin regimens.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Surgical stabilization of displaced @entity174 was once considered to have rare indications. Our purpose was to present the clinical and economic effects of surgical management using data collected from operative and nonoperative @entity1 . METHODS: Our @entity174 database was queried from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2010, identifying 204 @entity1 with displaced @entity174 . Radiographs and charts were reviewed, and questionnaires were distributed. RESULTS: Operative @entity1 had less @entity1118 (6.1% vs 25.3%), less @entity85 (18.2% vs 32.5%), @entity425 (10.6% vs 33.7%), less @entity393 (15.2% vs 31.3%), and fewer nonunions (0% vs 4.8%). Operative @entity1 missed fewer days of work (8.4 days vs 35.2 days) and required less assistance (3 days vs 7 days) for care at home. Mean income lost was  321.69 versus  10,506.25. Operative @entity1 had a mean emergency department bill of  2,060.51 versus  1,871.92 and had a mean hospital bill of  8,520.30 versus  3,692.65, and anesthesia charges averaged  946.11. Operative @entity1 required less physical therapy, and the mean physical therapy cost was  971.76 versus  1,820. Nonoperative @entity1 required more @entity158 medication ( 43.22 vs  45.98). Overall, the cost was  12,976.94 for operative @entity1 and  18,068.27 for nonoperative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with displaced @entity174 benefit clinically and financially from stabilization. They have less @entity1118 , @entity85 , @entity425 , and better range of motion. They return to work sooner, take @entity158 medication, and require less physical therapy. Their initial hospital bill is higher because of surgical charges but is balanced by less @entity393 , resulting in a cost savings of  5,091.33 in operative @entity1 .

title: Clinical and financial comparison of operative and nonoperative treatment of displaced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicle fractures', 'fracture', 'midclavicular fractures']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['less weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['income loss', 'loss of motion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['less deformity', 'cosmetic deformity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicle fractures']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the distribution and viral load of the most prevalent high risk @entity1082 ) types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 and low risk HPV types 6 and 11 in a variety of @entity75 . METHODS: One hundred and seventy six cytological specimens from @entity1 with @entity75 were investigated. For an accurate standardisation of the sample, cervical cells were counted and a volume of the cell suspension processed by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). Semiquantitative determinations were achieved in relation to an external reference titration curve. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 60.2% of the samples. @entity1799 was the prevalent genotype (57.6%), followed by HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-6, HPV-18, and HPV-45. HPV-11 was not detected. @entity1799 showed a pronounced increase in prevalence with the evolution of @entity3799 . Semiquantitative evaluation of the results showed that only @entity1799 DNA could reach very high values (> 1000 genome copies/cell) and a very high @entity1799 load correlated with the severity of @entity3799 . CONCLUSIONS: Only @entity1799 load appears to be associated with the severity of @entity3799 .

title: Distribution and viral load of type specific HPVs in XXXX as detected by PCR-ELISA.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'different cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['different cervical lesions']


abstract: The limited proteolysis of @entity1 low-molecular-mass kininogen by kallikrein from tissue sources has been studied. Porcine pancreatic kallikrein applied in catalytic amounts split the kininogen molecule (apparent mass 68 kDa) with the release of @entity17230 (1 kDa). This generated a nicked kininogen molecule with a heavy chain and light chain interconnected via @entity1520 bridging. Following reductive cleavage of the @entity1520 bonds, the heavy chain of apparent mass 62 kDa was isolated by preparative @entity3208 electrophoresis, and the light chain of 5 kDa by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The light chain was found to be composed of 38 @entity1522 with a single @entity462 residue. @entity1472 -terminal sequence analysis revealed that the light chain is derived from the @entity1473 terminus of the kininogen molecule [Lottspeich et al. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 142, 227-232]. Immunological characterization of the isolated L chain indicated that it harbours antigenic site(s) unique for low-Mr kininogen as well as sites common to high-Mr and low-Mr kininogen.

title: Limited proteolysis of XXXX low-molecular-mass kininogen by tissue kallikrein. Isolation and characterization of the heavy and the light chains.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['half-cystine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity17230 :: ('MESH:D007609', 'Chemical') :: ['lysyl-bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between dietary intake of @entity1501 and @entity548 in non-smoking adults in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from residents who participated in the regional nutrition survey and survey of @entity7291 conducted by the administrative office of northernmost prefecture of Japan. Dietitians visited households to collect data on dietary intake. Clinical parameters, including Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and @entity548 on probing (BOP), were examined in community centers. Information on smoking habit was obtained from the interview. Then the data from 497 non-smoking adults with 20 teeth or more, aged 18 years or older, were analyzed. The relationship between dietary intake of @entity1501 and @entity548 status was estimated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between dietary @entity1501 level and @entity548 on probing. The negative association between @entity1501 level and @entity548 on probing remained statistically significant in multiple regression analysis (standardized beta = -0.204, P < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between CPI scores and @entity1501 intake level. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that dietary intake of @entity1501 , an important indicator of @entity548 in adults, may provide an important clinical target for intervention to promote @entity2522 .

title: Relationship between XXXX intake and @entity2522 in non-smoking adults in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival health']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental diseases']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: Inflammatory reactions induce the production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS): the reverse sequence of these events is also true. Moreover, many components of these reactions interact with a synergistic effect. In this short comprehensive review we analyze some of these interactions which may have pathological effects. Inflammatory reactions are triggered off by exogenous or endogenous aggressions and are characterized by cellular and vascular events. The activated leucocytes leave the circulating blood and reach the site of the @entity146 where they release a large amount of ROS as well as the content of their granules. The granular content is made in a large part by molecules with killing and degradative activities such as @entity3335 , defensins, elastase, collagenase, cathepsins and lysozyme. The inflammatory reaction is beneficial for @entity1 when its effects are limited to the pathogens. The insufficiency of a component of the inflammatory reaction such as the production of ROS which is seen, for example in @entity1117 , leads to severe and recurrent @entity2348 . In other situations inflammatory reactions are deleterious because they are directed against normal tissues instead or in addition to pathogens. In some cases the behaviour of the phagocytes is modified because they have been primed by inflammatory molecules such tumor @entity39 factor, @entity558 , interleukins or interferons. Priming often leads to a decreased speed of locomotion of the leucocytes with an increased susceptibility to their stimuli. The combination of these effects leads to a premature release by the phagocytes of their killing and degradative factors. Production of ROS such as that seen during irradiation, drug metabolism, or @entity63 followed by reperfusion for example, induces inflammatory reactions with a secondary amplification of ROS production. Acute ROS production can also lead to @entity715 , whereas chronic ROS production can induce a chronic inflammatory reaction of the endothelium with @entity731 as a possible consequence. Some examples are also given to show that ROS might control positively or negatively the activity of inflammatory molecules. The multiplicity of the cross reactions between ROS and @entity32 allows to suggest that drugs that disconnect these two events might be therapeutically used.

title: [Reactive XXXX species and @entity32 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the individual effects of @entity5018 , @entity3522 , @entity1623 , and @entity5230 on pregnancy outcome. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Norwegian population. POPULATION: A total of 90 417 @entity1 and singleton @entity1 pairs. METHODS: The Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study and Medical Birth Registry of Norway data sets were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 survival, @entity600 , structural @entity299 , neonatal complications, @entity548 during pregnancy and postpartum, @entity565 at age of 18 months. RESULTS: One or more of the four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used by 6511 pregnant @entity1 (7.2%). No effect on rates of @entity1 survival, @entity600 , or structural @entity299 was found. The use of @entity5018 in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3), and @entity5018 use in the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with @entity565 in 18-month-old @entity1 (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9; adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). The use of @entity3522 in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0), whereas @entity3522 use in the third trimester was significantly associated with maternal @entity3556 (adjusted @entity20786 , 95% CI 1.1-3.0). No associations with other neonatal complications were found. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of associations with @entity600 is reassuring. The significant association between @entity3522 and @entity5018 use late in pregnancy, and maternal @entity548 and @entity565 in the @entity1 , respectively, is consistent with their pharmacological effects. The increased risk of low birthweight may partly have been caused by underlying inflammatory conditions, and was reassuringly similar to the expected baseline risk of low birthweight.

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity3522 , @entity1623 , and @entity5230 on the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'Infant', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: In an open study, 37 @entity302 @entity1 were investigated with regard to @entity73 in anticonvulsant add-on therapy with @entity1771 (TPM). In addition to a preexisting antiepileptic medication, TPM administration was started and increased by 25 mg/week. Cognitive side effects noted by the @entity1 or doctor were assessed by a neuropsychological test battery. In 18/37 @entity1 (49%), @entity73 consisting of impaired concentration, @entity2414 , and @entity2026 were observed. The adverse effects became apparent at dosages of 50-575 mg TPM/day (average 210 mg). In four @entity1 , they were reversible after reducing the dose of TPM by 25-150 mg/day. In eight @entity1 , the adverse effects led to withdrawal of TPM. In spite of slow titration, the present study showed a higher frequency of cognitive side effects under TPM than was previously reported. In some @entity1 , these side effects led to @entity73 in daily life and at work. For early recognition of @entity73 , neuropsychological baseline and follow-up investigations of verbal fluency, psychomotor processing speed, and verbal memory are recommended.

title: [ @entity73 due to add-on therapy with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['substantial impairments', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotoric slowing, memory deficits']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']


abstract: @entity12120 is a clinical diagnosis with the potential for malignant transformation. This pilot study tested the use of @entity1732 a as topical agent for the treatment of @entity12120 . Twelve @entity1 were enrolled in this study, each for 2 weeks of daily topical application of @entity1732 in @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) painted over the lesion. Two @entity1 were excluded from analysis due to excessive dilution of the medication by local saliva production. Five @entity1 were treated with a 0.5% solution that caused a decrease in the thickness of all of the lesions clinically. One lesion also had a sharp decrease in size. Five @entity1 were treated with a 1.0% solution that caused a complete resolution of the lesions in three @entity1 . Two lesions demonstrated maturation of @entity8286 to @entity9284 only. All @entity1 tolerated the treatments well. Topical @entity1732 may play a role in the treatment of @entity12120 and warrants further investigation.

title: Treatment of oral leukoplakia with topical XXXX . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulphoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia', 'Leukoplakia']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess an adapted version of the X-PERT Programme for @entity164 2 @entity6 within a Bangladeshi population. METHODS: Bangladeshi adults, living in the UK, with @entity2175 in a @entity6 educational session based on an adapted version of the X-PERT Programme. @entity1 attended a session, led by a trained peer educator and carried out in Sylheti. All @entity1 who registered on the course were telephoned or visited in @entity1 the day before the course as a reminder. RESULTS: Registration to attend the course was excellent. However, actual attendance rates were 58% (42/72) out of those registered. Once @entity1 attended, overall they enjoyed attending the sessions and felt they benefited as they understood more about how to better self-manage their condition. Those aspects of the sessions that were most enjoyed were group discussions and interactive posters to explain @entity6 . @entity1 requested a home-based exercise guide, which was developed by the research team. The study was underpowered to show behaviour change, but did demonstrate a trend to improvement in self-care activities. All @entity1 reported recommending the course to others. CONCLUSIONS: There was an excellent response in terms of registration for the course. However, the time to attend the course appeared to be a barrier to @entity1 . Nevertheless, for those attending the course, responses were very positive. The amended X-PERT Programme could be used as a component of a package to improve outcome and self-management for @entity1 with @entity6 in the Bangladeshi community.

title: Examining the effectiveness of a peer-led education programme for XXXX 2 @entity6 and cardiovascular disease in a Bangladeshi population.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes participated']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: Acquired, @entity4501 is an uncommon and difficult problem to manage. The most common cause is a complication of @entity5274 . Most are diagnosed while @entity1 still require mechanical ventilation. We use a conservative approach until @entity1 are weaned from ventilation. A tracheostomy tube is placed so that the balloon rests below the @entity292 , if possible, to prevent contamination of the tracheobronchial tree. @entity1129 is placed for drainage and a separate jejunostomy tube for nutrition. Single-stage repair is done after the @entity1 is weaned from mechanical ventilation. Esophageal diversion is rarely required. We have performed 41 operations on 38 @entity1 . Simple division and closure of the @entity292 was done in 9 @entity1 and tracheal resection and reconstruction in the remainder. The esophageal defect was closed in two layers and a viable @entity10874 muscle interposed between the two suture lines. There were four deaths (10.9%). There were three recurrent @entity292 and one delayed @entity6184 . All were successfully managed. Of the 34 surviving @entity1 , 33 aliment themselves orally and 32 breathe without the need for a tracheal appliance.

title: Management of acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula']