abstract: @entity21521 . is a drought and salt-tolerant oil plant widely used for various purposes and has considerable potential as a diesel/ @entity15788 substitute or extender. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlie that the response to various biotic and abiotic stresses of this plant could be important to crop improvement efforts. Here, a new AP2/ERF-type transcription factor gene, named JcERF2, was isolated from the leaves of @entity21521 . Sequence analysis showed that the JcERF2 gene contains a 759-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 252 @entity1522 . The predicted JcERF2 protein contained a conserved DNA-binding domain (the AP2/ERF domain) with 58 @entity1522 . The JcERF2 protein is highly homologous with other ERFs. JcERF2 was localized in the nucleus by analysis with a JcERF2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that JcERF2 was induced by drought, salt, @entity2271 , and @entity1786 . Overexpression of JcERF2 in transgenic @entity286 plants enhanced the expression of biotic and abiotic stress-related genes, increased the accumulation of free @entity1521 and soluble @entity3363 , and conferred tolerance to drought and salt stresses compared to the @entity164 ( @entity164 ). Taken together, the JcERF2 gene is a novel AP2/ERF transcription factor involved in plant response to environmental factors, which can be used as a potential candidate gene for genetic engineering of crops.

title: A New AP2/ERF Transcription Factor from the Oil Plant @entity21521 Confers Salt and Drought Tolerance to Transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity21521 :: ('180498', 'Species') :: ['J. curcas', 'Jatropha curcas L']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: Despite of several lines of evidence indicating a pathophysiologic role of platelets in @entity120 , the occurrence of chronic endogenous platelet activation has been a matter of debate. It was hypothesized that the pattern of @entity669 phosphorylation of platelet proteins examined ex vivo could provide information on the state of platelet activation. This was examined in 10 @entity1 with @entity120 aged 18 to 53 years. @entity10393 density and the amounts of specific proteins were analyzed in resting platelets after reaction with anti- @entity10393 , anti-pp60(s-src), anti-pp125(FAK), and anti-alphaIIbbeta3 antibodies. There was a 79% increase in protein-associated @entity10393 in @entity1 in comparison to levels in controls (p<0.05). In particular, phosphorylation on @entity669 residues of @entity49864 and pp125(FAK) increased 24% and 57%, respectively (p<0.05). Although pp60(s-src)-associated @entity10393 was not altered in the @entity1 group as a whole, it was clearly decreased in three subjects. Platelet content of beta3 integrin, pp60(s-src), and pp125(FAK), was not altered. This pattern of phosphorylation suggests an ongoing process of platelet activation. Because phosphorylation of pp125(FAK) is a late, integrin-dependent event, results suggest that platelet activation and aggregation occur in vivo in these @entity1 .

title: Increased XXXX phosphorylation of platelet proteins including pp125(FAK) suggests endogenous activation and aggregation in @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine', 'Phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the United States has generally enjoyed declining rates of fatal @entity5281 , the rate of decline has not been uniform. To examine the heterogeneity of trends, changes in fatal @entity5281 rates from 1980 to 1996 were estimated by occupation, industry, geographic region, and demographic group. METHODS: Deaths due to @entity130 during 1980-96 were identified from the US National Traumatic Occupational Fatality database and populations at risk were estimated from the census of population. Mortality rates were computed for unintentional @entity130 , homicides, and all @entity130 combined. The annual rate of change was estimated using Poisson regression to model the death rate as a function of time. RESULTS: The estimated average rates for all fatal @entity5281 and for unintentional @entity130 declined by 3% per year, while the estimated rate of homicide declined <1% per year. The improvement was faster for @entity1 (3% per year) than for @entity1 (<1% per year) and for younger relative to older workers (7% per year v 2%-3% per year). Trends were also geographically heterogeneous, with the most rapid declines (7%-8% per year) in the South and West. Injury rates for most occupations and industries declined at near the average rate, but some experienced no change or an increase. The rate of homicide also increased in a number of occupations and industries. CONCLUSIONS: Broad downward trends in occupational fatality rates may be explained by several factors, including organized safety efforts, product and process changes, and the ongoing shift of employment toward safer sectors. Disparities in @entity130 trends draw attention to potential opportunities to reduce risk: work settings with increasing injury rates are of particular concern.

title: Diversity of trends in XXXX mortality in the United States, 1980-96.

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injuries', 'occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury at work', 'injuries', 'fatal injury']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['occupational injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity5 among employees of a Norwegian asbestos-cement factory was studied in relation to duration of exposure and time since first exposure. The factory was active in 1942-1968. Most of the asbestos in use was chrysotile, but for technical reasons 8% amphiboles was added. METHODS: For the identification of @entity5 cases, a cohort of 541 male workers was linked to the @entity5 Registry of Norway. The analysis was based on the comparison between the observed and expected number of @entity5 cases. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Period of first employment, duration of employment, and time since first employment were used as indicators of exposure. Poisson regression analysis was used for the internal comparisons. RESULTS: The standardized incidence ratio was 52.5 (95% CI 31.1-83.0) for @entity2615 , on the basis of 18 cases. The highest standardized incidence ratio was found for workers first employed in the earliest production period (SIR 99.0, 95% CI 51.3-173). No peritoneal @entity2615 was found. The standardized incidence ratio for @entity2 was 3.1 (95% CI 2.14.3), but no dose-response effect was observed. The ratio of @entity2 cases was 1:2. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high incidence of @entity2615 and a high ratio of @entity2 among @entity27760 . The high incidence of @entity2615 was probably due to the fact that a relatively high proportion of amphiboles was used in the production process.

title: XXXX incidence among workers in the asbestos-cement producing industry in Norway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma to lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity27760 :: ('MESH:C563017', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos-cement workers']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the oral administration for 15 days of either Echinacea (E) or genuphil (a composite of @entity13488 , @entity4823 and @entity45267 [GCM]) nutraceutical supplements on female @entity35 model of acute or chronic @entity625 induced by bacterial @entity58795 ( @entity58795 ) from faecal flora of healthy and rheumatic humans. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2), C-reactive protein ( @entity40109 ) and rheumatoid factor (RF) values increased (p < 0.05) in both arthritic groups as compared to normal values. The rheumatic markers anti-CCP2, @entity40109 values decreased significantly in E- and GCM-treated groups compared to arthritic none-treated acute or chronic groups. The results of RF values of GCM-treated groups in acute and chronic models decreased exhibiting no statistical difference compared with the normal value. Histological examinations of the hind paw sections revealed moderate @entity32 , @entity4 and mild proliferation of synovial cells in acute arthritic @entity35 and more damage to cartilage and bone with severe @entity32 in chronic ones. Echinacea acute treated group showed @entity4 with proliferated synovial membrane and partial damage in cartilage and bone. While in the E-chronic treated group, rough edge with destructed cartilage and bone existed. However, the acute GCM group revealed mild @entity16 . But the chronic GCM group showed mild synovial cells proliferation and revealed no @entity32 with mild @entity16 edge. Results demonstrated the @entity58795 arthropathic property and through promising light on @entity625 treatment using E- or GCM, with the advantage of GMC results over that of E-. The composite GCM is needed for further studies over the dose and duration to assess its preventive effects against the bacterial @entity58795 arthrogenicity.

title: The effectiveness of Echinacea extract or composite XXXX , chondroitin and @entity45267 supplements on acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity45267 :: ('MESH:C025910', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl sulfonyl methane']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

answer: @entity4823 :: (MESH:D005944,Chemical) :: ['glucosamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare three sets of dietary guidelines for the treatment of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in free-living individuals and to observe the effects on metabolic control over an 18-month period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy volunteer subjects with @entity2175 were randomly assigned to one of three diets, a weight-management diet, a high- @entity1735 /fiber diet, or a modified-lipid diet and followed for 18 months. Nutrient intakes, weight, blood lipids, and glycemic control were measured. RESULTS: In all diet groups, glycated hemoglobin ( @entity4051 ) fell significantly before diet intervention began, remaining lower throughout the study and at follow-up 9 months later. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 showed a sustained fall in all groups after diet intervention. Apart from transient changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and @entity412 (TG) in the diet groups with the higher @entity1735 intake, no lasting differences were found between the three diet groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the long term, there were few differences in the outcome of the three dietary prescriptions. Even with intensive instruction, @entity1 found it difficult to meet recommended nutrient intakes; however, specific dietary advice did result in an improvement in LDL @entity165 . Adverse changes in HDL @entity165 and TG because of diet intervention were transient. The significant improvement in glycemic control during the recruitment phase may have been the result of @entity1 ' previous dietary knowledge and the increased attention that they received during the intervention.

title: Long-term comparison of three dietary prescriptions in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intracapsular @entity2249 are common in the elderly population. To avoid the poor outcome of internal fixation and for early mobilization, hemiarthroplasty is performed. However, there is inadequate evidence to support the choice between @entity162 . The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of unipolar with the @entity162 in geriatric @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 above 60 years of age and an acute displaced @entity174 of the femoral neck were randomly allocated to treatment by either @entity162 , in the Department of Orthopaedics, between September 2009 and October 2012. Functional outcome was assessed and compared using Harris hip score and radiological parameters with a follow-up of one year. RESULTS: The two groups of @entity1 with mean age of 67.3 in bipolar group and 75.6 in unipolar group did not differ in their pre-injury characteristics and perioperative parameters. The mean Harris hip score in bipolar and unipolar groups was 86.18  12.18 and 79.79  15.55, respectively (p=0.183); range of motion was 210.63  28.39 and 181.58  37(p=0.015) with bipolar and unipolar groups, respectively. Functional activities were better in the bipolar group. Complications like @entity158 hip, @entity3029 , @entity3564 and @entity7195 were encountered in unipolar prostheses. CONCLUSION: The use of bipolar endoprosthesis in the management of displaced @entity2249 in the elderly was associated with better mean Harris hip score and incidence of complications was limited. Hence, bipolar would be a better option in elderly @entity1 with @entity2249 . KEY WORDS: Unipolar; Bipolar; Hemiarthroplasty.

title: Treatment of @entity2249 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar prosthesis', 'unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fracture neck of femur', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular erosion']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['unipolar versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of size on the effectiveness of nasobiliary catheters has not yet been studied. We compared biliary drainage effectiveness and procedure-related discomfort and adverse events in 5 French (Fr) and 7 Fr nasobiliary catheters. METHODS: We prospectively studied 100 @entity1 undergoing endoscopic biliary drainage for @entity3883 , who were randomly allocated to a 5 Fr or 7 Fr nasobiliary catheter group. As the primary endpoint, the effectiveness was evaluated by the serum total @entity648 decreasing rate and the success rate of @entity1087 relief. As the secondary endpoint, the degree of discomfort was investigated using a questionnaire survey after catheter removal. RESULTS: The @entity648 decrease rate was significantly higher in the 7 Fr catheter group than in the 5 Fr group (53.0    21.4% vs 40.5    29.9%, respectively; P = 0.019). The success rate of @entity1087 relief tended to be higher in the 7 Fr catheter group, although the difference was not statistically significant (98% vs 88%, respectively; P = 0.056). The questionnaire survey demonstrated that total discomfort was significantly greater in the 7 Fr group (3.9    1.5 vs 3.2    1.4, respectively; P = 0.018). Larger-diameter catheters tended to increase difficulty in eating, although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: 7 Fr nasobiliary catheters are recommended for @entity1 requiring rapid and reliable relief of @entity3883 . However, because they can cause greater discomfort, 5 Fr nasobiliary catheters are preferred in other settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: On July 1, 2012; UMIN000008288 (Japan Primary Registries Network).

title: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for XXXX using either a 5 Fr or 7 Fr catheter: a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Many parents rely on emergency services to deal with their @entity1 's dental problems, mostly @entity158 and @entity281 associated with @entity1547 . This cross-sectional study analyzed the factors associated with not doing an oral procedure in preschoolers with @entity4513 attending @entity341 . Data were obtained from the clinical files of preschoolers treated at all nine dental emergency centers in Goiania, Brazil, in 2011. Data were @entity1 's age and sex, involved teeth, oral procedures, radiography request, medications prescribed and referrals. A total of 531 files of @entity1 under 6 years old with @entity4513 out of 1,108 examined were selected. @entity1 's mean age was 4.1 (SD 1.0) years (range 1-5 years) and 51.6% were @entity1 . No oral procedures were performed in 49.2% of cases; in the other 50.8%, most of the oral procedures reported were endodontic intervention and temporary restorations. Primary molars were involved in 48.4% of cases. With the exception of "sex", the independent variables tested in the regression analysis significantly associated with non-performance of oral procedures: age (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.8), radiography request (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.7-8.2), medication prescribed (OR 7.5; 95% CI 4.9-11.5) and @entity1 referred to another service (OR 5.7; 3.0-10.9). Many @entity1 with @entity4513 received no oral procedure for @entity158 relief.

title: Factors associated with no dental treatment in preschoolers with XXXX : a cross-sectional study in outpatient public emergency services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4513 :: ('MESH:D014098', 'Disease') :: ['toothache']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['public dental emergency services']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity4513 :: (MESH:D014098,Disease) :: ['toothache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ) impairs endothelial function of distal collateral-dependent microvasculature; however, long-term exercise training (EX) seems to improve @entity409 . We hypothesized that EX enhances vasodilation responses to @entity7 ( @entity1655 ), mediated via @entity842 (NO), in arterioles exposed to @entity1563 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The proximal left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) of female Yucatan miniswine was surgically instrumented with an ameroid occluder to induce @entity1563 ; 8 weeks after surgery, animals were randomized into 14-week sedentary (SED) or EX (treadmill; 5 d/wk) protocols. Coronary arterioles ( approximately 100 microm in diameter) were isolated from collateral-dependent (LCx) and nonoccluded (left anterior descending; LAD) perfused myocardium of SED and EX animals. Vasodilation was assessed by videomicroscopy and MacLab data acquisition. Responses to @entity1655 were unaffected by EX in nonoccluded LAD arterioles; in contrast, EX markedly enhanced @entity1655 -induced vasodilation of collateral-dependent LCx arterioles (P<0.05; EX versus SED). Furthermore, @entity1655 -induced vasodilation of EX LCx arterioles exceeded that of EX or SED LAD arterioles (P<0.05). Enhanced vasodilation of EX LCx arterioles was abolished by inhibition of NO synthase and @entity669 kinase activity. Combined inhibition of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase decreased @entity1655 -induced vasodilation of all vessels. CONCLUSIONS: EX enhances @entity1655 -induced vasodilation in arterioles distal to @entity1563 ; EX effects seem to be mediated through increases in NO.

title: Exercise training enhances vasodilation responses to XXXX in porcine coronary arterioles exposed to chronic @entity1563 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['CCO', 'Chronic coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity44605 (BeYDV) is an atypical member of the geminivirus genus Mastrevirus that infects dicotyledonous plants. BeYDV DNA contains six open reading frames (ORFs) with the capacity to encode proteins in excess of 10 kDa. Two virion-sense ORFs ( @entity15880 ) and two complementary-sense ORFs ( @entity6350 ) have homologues in all mastreviruses, while ORFs C3 and C4 are not conserved. To investigate their functions, each of the ORFs has been truncated by either frame-shifting or the introduction of a stop codon. We demonstrate that an ORF V1 mutant replicated efficiently in @entity286 protoplasts but was unable to systemically infect @entity11297 and @entity23912 , consistent with a role for V1 protein in virus movement. However, the mutant was able to systemically infect Nicotiana benthamiana although the onset of symptoms was appreciably delayed in comparison with wild-type virus. Disruption of ORF V2, encoding the coat protein, prevented @entity281 of all three hosts but the mutant replicated in protoplasts. Both ORF C1 and ORF C2 were essential for replication in protoplasts. Modification of the complementary-sense splice donor and acceptor sequences also prevented replication. Removal of the intron prevented @entity281 , although the intronless mutant was able to produce functional replication-associated protein (Rep) and replicated efficiently in protoplasts. ORFs C3 and C4 were not required for @entity281 . Our results indicate that four ORFs are spatially and functionally conserved in mastreviruses that infect both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

title: Mutational analysis of XXXX , a geminivirus of the genus Mastrevirus that is adapted to dicotyledonous plants.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity44605 :: ('57119', 'Species') :: ['Bean yellow dwarf virus']

entities_list: @entity23912 :: ('4076', 'Species') :: ['Datura stramonium']

answer: @entity44605 :: (57119,Species) :: ['bean yellow dwarf virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of @entity547 reported in South Korea and compare these features with those reported in foreign literature. METHODS: From January 1968 through December 2013, 13 cases reported in South Korea were included in the study. The variables compared were age, sex, main symptoms at hospital visit, etiology, location, herniated contents, lateralization, defect size, diagnostic methods, surgical methods, surgical opinions, and recurrence. RESULTS: In the South Korean cases, @entity1 outnumbered @entity1 (3.3:1) and no significant differences were found in the herniated side (left:right, 1.1:1). In contrast, in the foreign cases, @entity1 outnumbered @entity1 (3:1) and left-sided @entity547 was dominant (2:1). Moreover, in most of the foreign cases, @entity1 were aged 50-70  years, whereas in the South Korean cases, none of the @entity1 were in their 50  s. However, no substantial differences were found in etiology, anatomical locations, symptoms, and herniated contents. CONCLUSION: This research revealed that few clinical features of @entity547 in South Korea differ from those reported in foreign literature. Thirteen cases were analyzed in the present study, and results obtained from such a small sample size cannot be generalized with certainty. Therefore, more cases should be collected for a definitive analysis. Despite this limitation, this study is important because it is the first attempt to collect and analyze the clinical features of @entity547 in South Korea. This study will serve as a basis for future studies investigating the clinical features of @entity547 cases in South Korea.

title: XXXX in South Korea: different from that in foreign literature?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'lumbar hernia', 'lumbar hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Lumbar hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) is a herbal extract that enhances @entity33 . It has therapeutic potential in the management of external @entity548 and controlling @entity360 associated with various benign lesions refractory to conventional antihemorrhagic measures. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of @entity1503 on @entity548 and compare them with @entity4546 . METHODS: The study was conducted on 30 @entity35 . @entity35 were divided into five groups: group A (only @entity3352 ), group B ( @entity1503 administration 60  min before @entity3352 -induced injury), group C ( @entity1503 administration 30  min after @entity3352 -induced injury), group D ( @entity4546 administration 60  min before @entity3352 -induced injury), group E ( @entity4546 administration 30  min after @entity3352 -induced injury). @entity3137 were produced by @entity3352 in all three groups. The effect was studied morphologically 6  h after oral administration of the drug. Subsequently, affected tissue was examined histologically. RESULTS: Based on the number and the total size of @entity548 , the @entity548 scores were significantly better in Group C compared to other groups (p   <   0.05). The @entity548 score of Group B was significantly better than Group D and Group A (p   <   0.05). @entity4546 groups (Group D, Group E) did not show significant improvement as indicated by macroscopic scores. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to microscopic scores. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity1503 has a potent inhibitory action on @entity3352 -induced @entity356 and @entity3137 and it is useful in the treatment of acute @entity3137 .

title: Treatment of @entity548 by XXXX versus @entity4546 : experimental randomized @entity35 models.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Ankaferd blood stopper', 'ABS']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric mucosal lesions', 'gastric mucosal lesions', 'mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Ankaferd blood stopper']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is the second cause of @entity1779 in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ). The present study evaluated the possible presence of clinical or radiologic signs permitting differentiation of @entity791 @entity1 and @entity149 from those with @entity1779 of other etiologies. METHODS: Clinical history and cranial computerized tomography (CT) of @entity1 with @entity149 and @entity791 from the Hospital Clinic i Provincial in Barcelona were reviewed. Results were compared with those of @entity1 with @entity149 without evidence of immunosuppression and with those with @entity791 and @entity27775 or @entity6551 diagnosed during the same period. RESULTS: Of 685 @entity1 with @entity791 , 10 were identified with @entity149 . The clinical picture was not different to that observed in @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity27775 or @entity6551 . In contrast to @entity149 in non immunodepressed @entity1 , the cerebral CT in @entity1 with @entity149 and @entity791 demonstrated @entity75 in only 44% and contrast enhancement was not homogeneous in any case. These characteristics were similar to those observed in the CT of @entity1 with @entity27775 or @entity6551 with the exception that only 8% of the lesions by toxoplasmosis were spontaneously hyperdense. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical-radiological data of @entity149 in @entity1 with the @entity791 are similar to those observed in other etiologies. However, the presence of a sole spontaneously hyperdense region in cranial computerized tomography is more suggestive of @entity149 than @entity27775 .

title: [Primary cerebral lymphoma in 10 @entity1 with XXXX . Comparative clinico-radiologic study with @entity27775 , @entity1779 and primary cerebral lymphoma in non-immunodepressed @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27775 :: ('MESH:D016781', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas', 'tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense lesions']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphoma', 'primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral masses']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The activation of the @entity172 receptor (ER) from @entity7045 ( @entity7045 )-induced @entity35 @entity5 was studied in vitro. The activation of the receptor induced by heating of the cytosol containing occupied ER was measured by a 3-4-fold increase of receptor binding to nuclei in comparison with the nuclear binding of the nonactivated ER. The activation of the ER was further shown by alteration of the elution profile from @entity8851 -cellulose. A shift of the receptor peak from 234 mM (Peak II, nonactivated ER) to 70 mM (Peak I, activated ER) @entity1391 buffer could be obtained. The overall recoveries of activated ER following chromatography on DEAE-cellulose were significantly lower than the recoveries of the nonactivated ER, 71 and 85%, respectively. Binding of the activated ER to nuclei and chromatography of the supernatant which is not able to bind to nuclei on DEAE-cellulose resulted in a decrease of Peak I and in an increase of the overall recovery. These findings suggest that the nuclear bound ER consists of two parts. One is represented partially by Peak I of the elution profile and the other one by that part of the receptor which can not be eluted from the column under the conditions used. Furthermore, the dissociation of tritiated @entity53 ( @entity57673 ) from the nonactivated ER followed a two component exponential function whereas after activation a monophasic dissociation curve could be observed. The mean half times for the dissociation of @entity57673 from the activated and nonactivated ER were 101 and 7.2 min, respectively. Finally, the nonactivated molybdate stabilized ER sedimented in 5-20% @entity969 density gradients as two peaks, one at 9.5 S and the other at 4 S. After activation of the ER only the smaller 4 S peak was evident. @entity7051 inhibited the activation of the ER measured by nuclear binding assays, @entity969 density gradient analysis, dissociation kinetics or ion exchange chromatography but not completely in every case.

title: Activation of the @entity172 receptor from XXXX -induced @entity35 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['NMU', 'N-nitrosomethylurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity57673 :: ('p|SUB|E|3|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E3H']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7051 :: ('MESH:C044659', 'Chemical') :: ['Molybdate']

answer: @entity7045 :: (CHEBI:50102,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosomethylurea']


abstract: @entity9601 is a natural lipotropic agent of low bioavailability from oral products. The aim of our study is to prepare buccal liposomal delivery system of silymarin with higher bioavailability. The effect of @entity24568 : @entity165 molar ratio on the percentage drug encapsulated was investigated. The influence of fluctuating the amount of added drug was also determined. The effect of additives such as positive charge inducer, negative charge inducer and surfactants was studied using two different 2(3) full factorial designs. Furthermore, additives used to optimize liposomal product were also investigated for their optimal concentrations, release properties and in vitro permeation and absorption through @entity1573 cheek pouch. Optimal liposomal encapsulation efficiency was found at 7:4 lecithin to @entity165 molar ratio. A decrease in entrapment efficiency with increasing @entity165 content was observed. @entity9266 or @entity9266 beyond 0.5 molar ratio decreased the entrapment efficiency. Positively charged liposomes showed superior entrapment efficiency over neutral and negatively charged liposomes. Release studies as well as permeation and absorption studies showed that hybrid liposomes prepared according to formula 3 containing lecithin, @entity165 , @entity1752 and @entity9266 in 9:1:1:0.5 molar ratio, respectively, gave the best drug absorption and permeation. It showed steady state permeation through @entity1573 cheek pouch for 6h. This is expected to improve the bioavailability of silymarin in the developed liposomal buccal delivery system, as the results show an increase in drug penetration compared to free drug powder.

title: Increasing bioavailability of XXXX using a buccal liposomal delivery system: preparation and experimental design investigation.

entities_list: @entity9601 :: ('MESH:D012838', 'Chemical') :: ['Silymarin']

entities_list: @entity1752 :: ('MESH:C009317', 'Chemical') :: ['stearyl amine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9601 :: (MESH:D012838,Chemical) :: ['silymarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between @entity2842 gene ( @entity2842 ) @entity37752 polymorphism and acute @entity788 (AP) in the Han population of Suzhou, China. METHODS: The polymorphisms were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotypes and allele frequencies of @entity2842 @entity37752 were calculated and analyzed in 101 AP @entity1 including 78 mild AP (MAP) @entity1 and 23 severe AP (SAP) @entity1 , and 120 healthy individuals as control group. RESULTS: The frequency of @entity2842 -2518 AA genotype in control group was significantly higher than that in SAP and MAP groups (P < 0.01). @entity1 with AG and GG genotypes had 5.896 times risk of developing MAP (P < 0.01, OR=5.896) compared with @entity1 with AA genotype. Subjects carrying G allele were at a 7-fold elevated risk for SAP (P < 0.05, OR=7.011) contrasted with subjects carrying AA genotype. However, no difference in AA genotypic distribution was noted between MAP and SAP groups (chi square=0.006, P=0.997). The frequency of G allele in healthy controls was obviously lower than that in MAP (P < 0.01, OR=0.318) and SAP groups (P < 0.01, OR=0.309). No difference of G allele frequency was found between SAP group and MAP group (P=0.623, OR=1.211). CONCLUSION: The @entity2842 -2518 AA genotype of the population in Suzhou may be a protective genotype of AP. @entity1 with higher frequency of G allele is more likely to suffer from AP. Nonetheless, the genotype of AA and the frequency of G allele couldn't predict the risk of SAP.

title: [Relationship between genetic polymorphism of @entity2842 and acute XXXX in Han population of Suzhou in China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there is a systemic spread of @entity3356 from peripherally applied stainless steel and @entity702 particles into the blood and subsequently to parenchymatous organs. Furthermore, we report on histological findings at the implantation site. METHOD: In Syrian Gold hamsters we implanted 2 mm3 @entity3356 of stainless steel and @entity702 into the dorsal skin fold chamber. Over a period of 2 weeks we took blood samples and afterwards explanted the implant area, the heart, lung, liver and spleen. One half of the organs and the implant area were used for histological analysis. The other half of the organs and the blood samples were analysed by optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma and @entity15583 furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for their contents of @entity3407 , @entity3406 and @entity702 . RESULTS: In the group with @entity702 particles, histological analysis of the implant site showed moderate phagocyted wear in granulocytes but no other pathological findings. Animals treated with stainless steel @entity3356 had a massive inflammatory reaction, in some cases leading to @entity39 . The analysis of the blood and one half of the organs showed increased levels of @entity3407 and, already 24 hours after implantation, raised values for @entity3406 . The result of the hamsters treated with @entity702 showed significantly elevated levels of @entity702 ions in the organs, but not in the blood samples. Histology of the organs did not reveal pathological findings. CONCLUSION: In this study we could show a massive inflammatory reaction for stainless steel @entity3356 in contrast to @entity702 @entity3356 at the implantation site. The elevated blood levels of @entity3407 and increased values of other metals in the organs suggest the haematogenic distribution of ions from the peripherally implanted @entity3356 .

title: [Systemic spread of XXXX --an in-vivo study].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear debris']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity3356 :: (MESH:D057085,Disease) :: ['wear debris']


abstract: A wide spectrum of endoscopic findings exists in @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ). This study compared clinical outcomes after laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) in @entity1 who had @entity354 with and without preoperative @entity2910 . From 1992 to 2001, a total of 414 @entity1 who underwent LARS with 6 months or more of follow-up were prospectively entered into a database. Among these @entity1 , 84 (20%) had no endoscopic evidence of @entity2910 on preoperative endoscopy (group 1), whereas 330 (80%) did have @entity2910 (group 2). Perioperative outcomes, @entity354 symptom relief, and the use of acid-reducing medication were assessed. Preoperative DeMeester scores in groups 1 and 2 were 44 +/- 29 and 61 +/- 62 (P < 0.05) and mean esophageal peristaltic amplitude was 86 +/- 32 mm Hg vs. 60 +/- 42 mm Hg, respectively (P < 0.05). Although procedure time was significantly shorter in group 1, other perioperative outcomes were similar. At postoperative follow-up, the use of proton pump inhibitors was reduced in both groups (86% to < or =14%). With the exception of @entity86 , there was no difference in @entity354 symptom relief between groups 1 and 2. The presence or absence of preoperative @entity2910 has minimal effect on favorable symptomatic outcomes after LARS. Thus LARS is an effective treatment option for @entity1 , irrespective of endoscopic evidence of @entity2910 , leading to excellent symptom relief and a marked reduction in the use of proton pump inhibitors.

title: Clinical outcomes after laparoscopic antireflux surgery in @entity1 with and without preoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic esophagitis', 'esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['endoscopic esophagitis']


abstract: A new @entity5 model for testing and comparing the effect of different forms of treatment on @entity96 is described. @entity5 were induced in the liver of @entity35 by the implantation of small pieces taken from a subcutaneously growing @entity5 . @entity5 growth was determined by measuring the weight of the implanted @entity5 after the animals had been killed. In this way, weight curves for treated and untreated @entity5 could be defined. The weight of untreated @entity96 increased exponentially with time ( @entity5 weight in milligrams = 1 + e(t-0.31)/5). In addition, @entity5 growth defined as the geometric mean of three perpendicular diameters was determined. @entity5 -diameter curves showed a linear increase with time in the untreated groups ( @entity5 diameter in millimeters = 0.4 t + 1.90). The model was tested by assessing the effect of intraperitoneally injected @entity900 . The dose chosen produced a marked delay in @entity5 growth. On the basis of the @entity1017 shown by the treated animals and @entity5 growth delay, a therapeutic index can be defined, thus enabling to compare quantitatively different forms of treatment according to their antitumor effect and @entity137 .

title: A new XXXX model in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Single tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver-tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is characterized by @entity1144 , insulin resistance, dysglycemia, and a pro-atherogenic plasma lipid profile. @entity209 creates a high risk for development of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ), presumably by altering inflammatory responses. Presently, it is unknown how the chronic @entity209 in acute @entity4854 , @entity209 and T2DM affect the immune activity of peripheral blood cells. METHODS: We performed genome-wide expression analysis of peripheral blood cells obtained from @entity1 with T2DM (n   =   6) and age-, sex- , BMI- and blood pressure-matched @entity28 individuals with @entity209 (n   =   4) and lean healthy normoglycemic controls (n   =   3), both under fasting conditions and after controlled induction of acute @entity4854 during a 70  min @entity1602 clamp. Differential gene expression during fasting conditions was confirmed by real-time PCR, for which we included additional age-, sex-, BMI-, and blood pressure-matched @entity28 individuals with (n   =   4) or without (n   =   4) @entity209 . RESULTS: Pathway and Gene ontology analysis applied to baseline expression profiles of peripheral blood cells from @entity209 and T2DM @entity1 revealed metabolic changes, highly similar to a @entity281 gene signature in T2DM @entity1 . Transcription factor binding site analysis indicated that increased @entity7738 activity, a transcription factor induced by either @entity519 or oxidative stress, is responsible for this aberrant metabolic profile in peripheral blood cells from T2DM @entity1 . Acute @entity4854 in healthy controls resulted in reduced expression of @entity137 -related genes, representing NK- and CD8(+) cells. In @entity28 controls, @entity209 and especially T2DM @entity1 , baseline expression of genes involved in @entity137 was already low, compared to healthy controls and did not further decrease upon acute @entity4854 . CONCLUSIONS: The reduced activity of cytotoxic genes in T2DM is explained by chronic @entity4854 , but its acute effects are restricted to healthy controls. Genome expression of circulating leukocytes from T2DM @entity1 differs from @entity209 individuals by a specific reovirus signature. Our data thus suggest a role for suppressed anti-viral capacity in the etiology of @entity6 .

title: Metabolic changes in @entity164 2 @entity6 are reflected in peripheral blood cells, revealing @entity137 , a viral signature, and XXXX inducible factor activity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reoviral infection']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disturbances', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the refractive status and factors associated with @entity1714 by a population-based survey of Japanese adults. METHODS: A total of 2168 subjects aged 40 to 79 years, randomly selected from a local community, were assessed in a cross-sectional study. The spherical equivalent of the refractive error was calculated and used in a multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between @entity1714 and possible related factors. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) of the spherical equivalent was -0.70 +/- 1.40 diopters (D) in @entity1 , and -0.50 +/- 1.44 D in @entity1 . Based on +/- 0.5 D cutoff points, the prevalence of @entity1714 , emmetropia, and @entity3467 were 45.7%, 40.8%, and 13.5% in @entity1 , and 38.3%, 43.1%, and 18.6% in @entity1 , respectively. A 10-year increase in age was associated with reduced risk of @entity1714 [ @entity1 : odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-0.62; @entity1 : OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.78]. In @entity1 , @entity1714 was significantly associated with higher education (high school: OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3; college: OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1) and management occupations (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4). For @entity1 , high income (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2), and clerical (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4) and sales/service occupations (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) were also associated with @entity1714 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1714 in a Japanese population was similar to that in other Asian surveys but higher than in black or white populations. Our study confirmed a higher prevalence of @entity1714 among younger vs. older populations, and a significant association with education levels and socioeconomic factors.

title: Refractive errors and factors associated with XXXX in an adult Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: We have used photoaffinity labelling to examine the chloroplast RNA polymerase components which come into contact with nascent transcripts during the in vitro transcription of plastid DNA. The transcripts were synthesized in the presence of a photoactive analogue ( @entity57236 ) and alpha-32P- @entity855 , using enriched @entity3587 chloroplast RNA polymerase preparation and a recombinant plasmid containing the plastid 16S rRNA promoter. Brief irradiation of the transcriptional complex crosslinked the photoactive nascent RNA to proximal proteins. Labelling of the transcriptional complex was dependent on @entity57236 and template DNA. Two polypeptides of 51 and 54 kDa were consistently crosslinked to the nascent transcripts; about 60% of the total radioactivity of the crosslinked RNA was associated with these polypeptides. In some experiments, two additional polypeptides of 38 and 75 kDa were also found to be associated with about 13% and 17% of the total crosslinked RNA radioactivity, respectively. The UV-crosslinked transcriptional complexes were stable to either DNase or S1 nuclease hydrolysis but partially sensitive to RNase T1. Insensitivity of the complex to hydrolysis with RNase H suggested that the nascent transcripts were not crosslinked to the template. The complexes could also be hydrolysed by proteinase K and thermolysin. No crosslinkage was observed when labelled RNA molecules containing @entity57275 residues were added after synthesis to the polymerase preparation. This suggested that the method identified only those polypeptides which came into close contact with the transcript during its synthesis. Antibodies raised against the RNA-protein complex confirmed the presence of the polypeptides in the chloroplast RNA polymerase preparation on Western blots. Preincubation of these antibodies with the chloroplast RNA polymerase inhibited plastid DNA transcription. These data showed that the transcript-binding polypeptides were functional components of the chloroplast transcriptional complex.

title: Photoaffinity labelling of the XXXX chloroplast transcriptional complex by nascent RNA in vitro.

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between the intracranial pulse pressure (ICPpp) and the mean intracranial pressure ( @entity428 (M)) in pediatric @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: We screened @entity428 records of 42 @entity1 admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Doernbecher @entity1 's Hospital (OHSU) for segments in which the ICPM varied at least 5 mmHg. We found 54 @entity428 segments in 9 pediatric @entity131 @entity1 (ages 0.2-17.8 years, mean = 9.9). @entity428 was continuously monitored (fs = 125 Hz). We used an automatic algorithm to detect @entity428 beat components. We then calculated the ICPpp and ICPM for each beat and created density plots of ICPpp vs. ICPM. RESULTS: The coefficient of linear correlation was r > 0.70 in 43/54 segments (p < 0.01). We found that an underlying linear relationship exits between ICPpp and ICPM in most 1-hour records of pediatric @entity1 with @entity131 . This finding is consistent with the data in adult studies, suggesting that @entity1 with @entity131 demonstrate similar changes in brain compliance. However, density plots revealed that there are also nonlinear ICPpp-ICPM patterns present that are not captured by linear metrics. CONCLUSION: Although there is an underlying linear relationship between ICPpp and ICPM, nonlinear patterns are also present. Further research is required to determine if specific nonlinear ICPpp-ICPM patterns correlate with clinically significant information.

title: Pulse and mean intracranial pressure analysis in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to allergens induces @entity740 in the skin and a shift in the cutaneous cytokine milieu to T helper (Th)2. AIM: To assess the relationships between Th17 and @entity61 response during @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity3408 was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 by single or repeated epicutaneous challenge of @entity13693 . Relationships between Th17 and @entity61 response were analyzed by immunohistochemical observations and activity of cytokines on days 8 (first challenge), 18 (11th challenge), 28 (21st challenge) and 38 (31st challenge). RESULTS: On day 8, tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and @entity16821 were high, whereas tissue levels of @entity58 and serum IgE concentration were low. Following acute contact @entity1909 , @entity19 developed chronic @entity75 on day 18, and gradually improved on days 28 and 38. Tissue @entity58 and serum IgE levels corresponded to the development and improvement of chronic @entity75 . Numbers of Th17 cells and tissue levels of @entity636 and @entity16821 rapidly decreased as @entity58 and IgE levels increased on day 18. As levels of @entity58 and IgE decreased, the number of Th17 cells and tissue levels of @entity636 and @entity16821 increased again on days 28 and 38. On day 18, tissue levels of Th17 response-inducing cytokines ( @entity777 , @entity14293 and transforming growth factor-b) were high, and @entity14293 -expressing cells appeared in abundance, when @entity61 response was extremely high. @entity636 injection decreased tissue @entity58 and serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Th17 correlates closely with @entity61 in @entity19 chronic @entity3408 induced by repeated epicutaneous challenge.

title: Close relationship between T helper (Th)17 and @entity61 response in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous lesions']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic lesions']

entities_list: @entity13693 :: ('MESH:D010853', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity3408 :: (MESH:D017449,Disease) :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massage therapy is gaining interest as a therapeutic approach to managing @entity571 and @entity309 . To date, there have been no systematic reviews investigating the effects of massage therapy on these conditions. DESIGN: Systematic review was used. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this review was to critically appraise and synthesize the current evidence regarding the effects of massage therapy as a stand-alone treatment on @entity158 and functional outcomes among those with @entity571 or @entity309 . METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials were searched using the electronic databases Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PEDro. The PEDro scale was used to assess risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. RESULTS: This review found seven randomized controlled trials representing 352 @entity1 who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias ranged from four to seven. Our results found low- to moderate-quality evidence that massage therapy is superior to nonactive therapies in reducing @entity158 and improving certain functional outcomes. It is unclear whether massage therapy is more effective than other forms of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for large, methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of massage therapy as an intervention for individuals with @entity625 .

title: Massage Therapy for @entity158 and Function in @entity1 With XXXX : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis symptoms']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: To examine whether the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a role in mediating interactions between the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the subjacent mesoderm in the @entity1573 wing bud, we used immunohistochemistry to locate the following tissue components during wing morphogenesis: types I and IV collagens, fibronectin, the basal lamina form of @entity62200 ( @entity62200 ), @entity9043 , and the beta 1 integrin subunit. The notch region at the base of the AER exhibits particularly strong labelling for type IV collagen, fibronectin, @entity9043 , and beta 1 integrin. This suggests that the ridge cells are firmly anchored to their underlying basement membrane. In nonridge ectoderm, the beta 1 integrin subunit is present only at the basal cell surface, whereas in the AER it has a pericellular distribution. The localization of beta 1 integrin receptors at the lateral ridge cell surfaces, in the apparent absence of fibronectin, collagens I and IV, and @entity9043 , suggests that they may function in cell-cell adhesion in the AER. The normal AER-mesenchyme interface was compared to an experimental situation in which the AER flattens. This was induced in the anterior region of the wing bud by inserting an impermeable barrier at intersomite level 17/18, at stage 21. At 12 hr (stage 23) and 24 hr (stage 25) after the operation, each of the ECM components listed above is uniformly distributed along the experimental epithelial-mesenchymal interface. By 24 hr postoperation, the beta 1 integrin subunit is restricted to the basal surface of the flattened apical ectoderm. Similar changes occur in the AER as it flattens during later stages of normal development. These results point to a possible role for the ECM and integrin receptors in maintaining the thickened structure of the AER.

title: Immunolocalization of basement membrane components and beta 1 integrin in the XXXX wing bud identifies specialized properties of the apical ectodermal ridge.

entities_list: @entity62200 :: ('429806(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['heparan sulphate proteoglycan', 'HSPG']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: The @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) enhances or suppresses the transcriptional activation of @entity4187 by @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) in a cell/tissue-specific manner. The basis for these effects is not known. Exposure of the immortalized @entity1 breast epithelial cell line MCF10A-Neo to @entity865 at the time of, or up to 12 hr prior to, the addition of @entity1300 strongly suppressed the transcriptional activation of @entity4187 and @entity4188 (IC(50) approximately 0.5 nM). A recent study (Carcinogenesis 2000;21:1303-12) demonstrated that @entity865 -treated MCF10A-Neo cells rapidly activate the latent @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in the serum used to supplement the culture medium. The suppressive effects of @entity865 on @entity4187 induction by @entity1300 in MCF10A-Neo cultures could be partially suppressed by: (a) co-incubation of @entity1300 + @entity865 -treated cultures with a neutralizing @entity2533 pan antibody; (b) prior removal of latent @entity2533 from the culture medium; or (c) switching cultures to serum- and growth factor-free medium immediately before the addition of @entity865 and @entity1300 . Exposure of cultures to @entity865 24-48 hr prior to subsequent @entity865 + @entity1300 treatment not only inhibited the suppressive effects of @entity865 , but markedly enhanced @entity4187 mRNA accumulation. @entity865 caused a rapid and protracted activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Pretreatment of cultures with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor @entity22130 [ @entity22130 ] completely inhibited @entity3963 activation by @entity865 . However, @entity22130 did not prevent the suppressive effects of @entity865 on @entity4187 activation by @entity1300 . These studies demonstrate that @entity865 initiates protein kinase C-dependent, @entity3963 -independent processes that suppress @entity4187 activation by @entity1300 in MCF10A-Neo cells. Furthermore, @entity2533 mediates a small portion of this suppressive activity.

title: Suppression of XXXX ( @entity1300 )-mediated @entity4187 and @entity4188 induction by @entity864 : role of @entity2533 and mitogen-activated protein kinases.

entities_list: @entity22130 :: ('MESH:C120227', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropyl-methoxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide', 'PD184352']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGFbeta', 'transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1300 :: (MESH:D013749,Chemical) :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']


abstract: The effects of local @entity5 @entity221 on regional lymph node @entity3 are inconclusive. We studied the effects of @entity221 on the incidence of popliteal, femoral, and abdominal lymph node @entity3 in C57BL/6 @entity19 with primary @entity6844 ( @entity48401 variant) growing subcutaneously in the left foot. @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C for 90 minutes either 7 days after inoculation of 5 X 10(4) viable cells (microscopic @entity5 = mic) or when the @entity5 were approximately 3 mm in diameter (macroscopic @entity5 = mac). Femoral lymph node @entity3 occurred in 0/21 control animals and in 8/22 (36%), 11/19 (58%), and 11/17 (65%) animals whose @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C, respectively. For all three treatments, the increase in @entity3 as compared to controls was statistically significant (p less than 0.004, Fisher's exact test). The incidence of abdominal lymph node @entity3 was slightly higher in the treated groups than controls. Twenty of 21 (95%) control @entity19 developed popliteal lymph node @entity3 and @entity221 -induced increases could not be demonstrated. Fifteen of 21 control @entity19 killed 3 weeks after amputation of @entity5 -containing leg had pulmonary @entity3 with an average of 6 +/- 4 (standard deviation) lesions per affected @entity19 . Pulmonary @entity3 occurred in 22/22 (100%), 17/19 (89%), and 13/17 (76%) of @entity19 whose @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C, respectively. The numbers of @entity3 for affected @entity19 were significantly increased compared to controls for @entity5 heated to 43.5 and 44.2 degrees C (28 +/- 43, 43 +/- 52, 119 +/- 121, p greater than 0.02, p less than 0.006, p less than 0.002, for two sample T-test). While 0/8 mic @entity5 were cured 5/9 mac @entity5 heated to 44.2 degrees C disappeared (p less than 0.03, Fisher's exact test) and there was a growth delay in the remaining @entity19 . @entity5 , heated to 43.5 degrees C, had an accelerated onset of growth while mac @entity5 heated to this temperature had a slight growth delay. Growth of both mic and mac @entity5 heated to 42.3 degrees C was similar to controls. These results show that therapeutic and subtherapeutic local @entity221 increases @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and to lungs even when primary @entity5 growth rate is partially or totally controlled.

title: Regional lymph node and pulmonary @entity3 after local XXXX of melanomas in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'Mic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Controlling cell orientation and morphology through topographical patterning is a phenomenon that is applicable to a wide variety of medical applications such as implants and tissue engineering scaffolds. Previous work in this field, termed contact guidance, has demonstrated the application of this cellular response on a wide variety of material substrates such as @entity6619 , quartz, glass, and @entity13768 typically using ridge-groove geometries with sharp feature edges. One limitation of these studies in terms of biomedical applications is the choice of material. Therefore, demonstrating contact guidance and topography in a biodegradable material platform is a promising strategy for controlling cellular arrangements in tissue engineering scaffolds. This study investigates several strategies to advance contact guidance strategies and technology to more practical applications. Flexible biodegradable substrates with rounded features were fabricated by replica-molding @entity58011 on @entity969 -coated microfabricated @entity6619 . @entity291 aortic endothelial cells were cultured on substrates with microstructures between 2 and 5 microm in wavelength and with constant feature depth of 0.45 microm. Cells cultured on substrates with smaller pitches exhibited a substantially higher frequency of cell alignment and smaller circularity index. This work documents the first known use of using a flexible, biodegradable substrate with rounded features for use in contact guidance applications. The replica-molding technique described here is a general process that can be used to fabricate topographically patterned substrates with rounded features for many biomaterials. Furthermore, these results may lead to further elucidation of the mechanism of cell alignment and contact guidance on microfabricated substrates.

title: Microfabrication of XXXX for contact guidance applications.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(di-methyl siloxane)']

entities_list: @entity58011 :: ('MESH:C469892', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(glycerol-sebacate)']

answer: @entity58011 :: (MESH:C469892,Chemical) :: ['poly (glycerol-sebacate)']


abstract: Four large randomised trials of @entity1311 in combination with @entity902 against a @entity902 -based control treatment have now been published in full, representing around 88% (3588 out of 4057) of @entity1 randomised into the eight known trials of this question. There is substantial heterogeneity in the results of these four trials. Four main explanations for this heterogeneity have been proposed: differences in the extent and timing of 'crossover' to taxanes in the control groups; differences in the types of @entity1 included; differences in the effectiveness of the research regimens used; differences in the effectiveness of the control regimens used. In this study we examine whether any of these explanations is consistent with the pattern of results seen in these trials. Each explanation suggests that a particular characteristic of each trial was responsible for the results observed. For each explanation the trials were split into groups according to that characteristic, in order to partition the total heterogeneity into that seen 'within' and 'between' groups of trials. If a particular explanation was consistent with the pattern of results, we would expect to see relatively little heterogeneity within each group of trial results viewed in this way, with most of the heterogeneity being between groups which are dissimilar with respect to the key characteristic. Heterogeneity 'within' and 'between' groups was formally compared using the F-ratio. If any explanation appeared to be consistent with the results of the trials, it was considered whether the explanation was also consistent with other evidence available about these regimens. Only one explanation appeared to be consistent with the pattern of results seen in these trials, and that was differences in effectiveness of the control arms used in these trials. This suggests that the very positive results in favour of @entity1311 / @entity900 seen in two of the trials may have been due to the use of a suboptimal control arm. There is no direct evidence about the relative effectiveness of the control arms used in these trials, but indirect evidence is consistent with the conclusion that the @entity786 / @entity900 regimen used in two of the trials may be less effective than the control regimens used in the other trials. Specific concerns about the choice of a @entity786 / @entity900 control arm in the first of these trials to report were raised before the results of the other trials were known, i.e. before any heterogeneity had been observed. Further investigation of this question would be useful. In the meantime, given all of the randomised evidence on the efficacy and @entity137 associated with the regimens used in these trials, we conclude that single agent @entity3003 is a safe and effective first-line treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity43 .

title: First-line treatment for advanced @entity43 : XXXX , @entity902 and the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resection offers the only chance of cure to @entity1 with esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and @entity5 . Staging is essential to select @entity1 who will benefit from operation because palliation can also be performed nonoperatively. Several studies, including limited numbers of @entity1 , have shown that laparoscopic staging prevents unnecessary laparotomies, but it is doubtful whether general application of this staging method can be advised. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of diagnostic laparoscopy for staging @entity1 with esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Between June 1992 and December 1996, 420 @entity1 with a resectable @entity5 after conventional staging underwent diagnostic laparoscopy combined with laparoscopic ultrasonography. Histologic proof of @entity3 or ingrowth was used to cancel laparotomy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic staging avoided laparotomy in 20% of @entity1 (sensitivity 0.70): 5% with an @entity5 , 20% with a gastroesophageal junction @entity5 , 15% with a periampullary @entity5 , 40% with a @entity1126 , 35% with a @entity96 , and 40% with a @entity788 . Complications and port-site @entity3 were seen in 4% and 2% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic staging is a safe procedure with low morbidity and without mortality in this series. It has shown no benefit in @entity418 , but seems beneficial for staging @entity5 located at the gastroesophageal junction, proximal bile duct @entity5 , @entity96 , and @entity788 . The value of laparoscopic staging for @entity1 with @entity5 is not as great as stated in previous studies and is still the subject of investigation.

title: Staging laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in more than 400 XXXX with upper gastrointestinal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic body and tail tumors', 'pancreatic body or tail tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'periampullary tumors', 'hepatopancreatobiliary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['proximal bile duct tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of proportional assist ventilation, variable pressure support, and conventional pressure support ventilation on lung function and damage in experimental @entity647 . DESIGN: : Randomized experimental study. SETTING: University hospital research facility. SUBJECTS: : Twenty-four juvenile @entity1707 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1707 were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. @entity647 was induced by saline lung lavage. After resuming of spontaneous @entity1353 , animals were randomly assigned to 6 hrs of assisted ventilation with pressure support ventilation, proportional assist ventilation, or variable pressure support (n = 8 per group). Mean tidal volume was kept at    6 mL/kg in all modes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Lung functional parameters, distribution of ventilation by electrical impedance tomography, and @entity1353 patterns were analyzed. Histological lung damage and @entity55 response were determined postmortem. Variable -pressure support and proportional assist ventilation improved oxygenation and venous admixture compared with pressure support ventilation. Proportional assist ventilation led to higher esophageal pressure time product than variable pressure support and pressure support ventilation, and redistributed ventilation from central to dorsal lung regions compared to pressure support ventilation. Variable pressure support and proportional assist ventilation yielded higher tidal volume variability than pressure support ventilation. Such pattern was deterministic (self-organized) during proportional assist ventilation and stochastic (random) during variable pressure support. Subject-ventilator synchrony as well as @entity55 response and damage did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a lung lavage model of @entity647 , both variable pressure support and proportional assist ventilation increased the variability of tidal volume and improved oxygenation and venous admixture, without influencing subject-ventilator synchrony or affecting @entity651 compared with pressure support ventilation. However, variable pressure support yielded less inspiratory effort than proportional assist ventilation at comparable mean tidal volumes of 6 mL/kg.

title: Comparative effects of proportional assist and variable pressure support ventilation on lung function and damage in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking demonstrates divergent effects in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Smoking frequency is greater in @entity30 and deleterious to its disease course. Conversely, @entity31 is primarily a disease of nonsmokers and ex-smokers, with reports of disease amelioration in active smoking. AIM: To determine the prevalence of smoking and its effects on disease progression and surgery in a well-characterised cohort of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with smoking data of the @entity29 Cohort were included. Demographic, phenotypic, medical, surgical and hospitalisation data were analysed and reported on the basis of @entity1 smoking status. RESULTS: 1203 @entity29 @entity1 were identified comprising 626 @entity30 and 557 @entity31 with 6725 and 6672 @entity1 -years of follow-up, respectively. @entity30 @entity1 were more likely to smoke than @entity31 @entity1 (19.2% vs. 10.2%, P  <  0.001). A history of smoking in @entity30 was associated with an increased proportional surgery rate (45.8% vs. 37.8%, P  =  0.045), requirement for @entity29 -related hospitalisation (P  =  0.009) and incidence of @entity625 (29.8% vs. 22.0%, P  =  0.027). Current smokers with @entity31 demonstrated reduced corticosteroid utilisation (24.1% vs. 37.5%, P  =  0.045), yet no reduction in the rates of colectomy (3.4% vs. 6.6%, P  =  0.34) or hospital admission (P  =  0.25) relative to nonsmokers. Ex-smokers with @entity31 required proportionately greater immunosuppressive (36.2% vs. 26.3%, P  =  0.041) and corticosteroid (43.7% vs. 34.5%, P  =  0.078) therapies compared with current and never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the detrimental effects of smoking in @entity30 , yet failed to demonstrate substantial benefit from smoking in @entity31 . These data should encourage all @entity1 with @entity29 to quit smoking.

title: Smoking prevalence and its influence on disease course and surgery in @entity30 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'Sydney IBD', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) delivery of pro-apoptotic @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) is an attractive strategy for anticancer therapy. MSCs expressing full-length @entity1 @entity2205 ( @entity6758 ) or its soluble form (sT) have previously been shown to be effective for @entity5 killing. However, a comparison between the two forms has never been performed, leaving it unclear which approach is most effective. This study addresses the issue for the possible clinical application of @entity2205 -expressing MSCs in the future. METHODS: MSCs were transduced with lentiviruses expressing @entity6758 or an @entity6778 zipper-fused sT. @entity2205 expression was examined and @entity5 cell apoptosis was measured after treatment with transduced MSCs or with MSC-derived soluble @entity2205 . RESULTS: The transduction does not adversely affect cell phenotype. The sT-transduced MSCs (MSC-sT) secrete abundant levels of soluble @entity2205 but do not present the protein on the cell surface. Interestingly, the @entity6758 -transduced MSCs (MSC- @entity6758 ) not only express cell-surface @entity2205 but also release @entity6758 into medium. These cells were examined for inducing apoptosis in 20 @entity5 cell lines. MSC-sT cells showed very limited effects. By contrast, MSC- @entity6758 cells demonstrated high @entity5 cell-killing efficiency. More importantly, MSC- @entity6758 cells can overcome some @entity5 cell resistance to recombinant @entity2205 . In addition, both cell surface @entity6758 and secreted @entity6758 are functional for inducing apoptosis. The secreted @entity6758 was found to have higher @entity5 cell-killing capacity than either recombinant @entity2205 or MSC-secreted sT. CONCLUSIONS: These observations demonstrate that MSC delivery of @entity6758 is superior to MSC delivery of sT for @entity5 therapy.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of full-length @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand is superior to soluble type for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Middle-aged @entity1 with @entity1144 were treated in a double-blind study with moderate doses of transdermal preparations of @entity251 (T), @entity586 ( @entity587 ), or placebo. This resulted in moderately elevated T concentrations and marked decreases in follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones in the group treated with T, while the @entity587 group showed elevated @entity587 , markedly lower T values, and less diminution of @entity4083 concentrations. In the group treated with T visceral fat mass decreased (measured by computerized tomography) without significant changes in other depot fat regions. Lean body mass did not change. In the group treated with T, @entity413 disposal rate, measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method, was markedly augmented. Plasma @entity1674 , @entity165 , and fasting blood @entity413 concentrations as well as diastolic blood pressure decreased. There were no such changes in the @entity587 or placebo treatment groups. The @entity1 treated with T reported increased well-being and energy. In none of the groups did prostate volume, specific prostate antigen concentration, genito-urinary history, or urinary flow measurement change. It is suggested that supplementation of abdominal obese @entity1 with moderate doses of T might have several beneficial effects.

title: Androgen treatment of abdominally obese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We report what we believe to be the first two cases of acute @entity1986 associated with @entity2176 and @entity2756 therapy in adults. A 40-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of @entity131 and @entity3173 was admitted to the hospital with a @entity410 episode and temperature of 103 degrees F. He was administered @entity2756 , @entity2176 , and @entity1033 for suspected @entity4008 . On day 4, the @entity1 was noted to have diffuse erythematous plaques on the neck, chest, arms, abdomen, and back, as well as an elevated serum @entity1011 level of 3.1 mg/dl (baseline 0.9 mg/dl) and an elevated eosinophil count (6%). Dermatology and renal consultations were obtained, and a diagnosis of suspected acute @entity1986 was made. After a 3-day course of antibiotic treatment (day 4 of hospitalization), all antibiotics were discontinued and topical @entity2713 0.1% ointment and @entity701 2.5% cream were begun for the @entity1910 . The @entity1 was discharged 5 days later with improvement in the @entity1910 , serum @entity1011 level (1.0 mg/dl), and eosinophil count (0.9%). A 59-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of @entity6 was admitted to the hospital with a serum @entity1011 level of 3.7 mg/dl, eosinophil count of 8.4%, and fractional excretion of @entity1372 of 2.94%. The @entity1 had been receiving treatment with @entity2176 and @entity2756 for @entity4034 for 28 days before this hospital admission. Her baseline serum @entity1011 level (before antibiotic therapy) was 1.0 mg/dl. Renal consultation was obtained, and a diagnosis of probable acute @entity1986 was made. @entity2756 and @entity2176 were discontinued, and her serum @entity1011 level gradually decreased to 3.3 mg/dl and then further to 1.5 mg/dl over the next 3 months. Use of the Naranjo @entity137 probability scale revealed that the adverse reaction was possible in the first case and probable in the second case. Health care professionals need to be cognizant that drug-induced acute @entity1986 can be associated with concomitant administration of @entity2756 and @entity2176 therapy. Early detection of this rare adverse reaction is paramount in order to prevent @entity810 .

title: Acute @entity1986 associated with coadministration of @entity2176 and XXXX : case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and/or viral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The innate immune system of @entity1 skin contains antimicrobial peptides known as @entity49951 ( @entity14695 ) and beta-defensins. In normal skin these peptides are negligible, but they accumulate in skin affected by inflammatory diseases such as @entity1569 . We compared the levels of expression of @entity14695 and @entity1 @entity15875 ( @entity15875 ) in inflamed skin from @entity1 with @entity483 and from those with @entity1569 . METHODS: The expression of @entity14695 and @entity15875 protein in skin-biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity1569 , @entity1 with @entity483 , and normal subjects was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The amount of antimicrobial peptides in extracts of skin samples was also analyzed by immunodot blot analysis (for @entity14695 ) and Western blot analysis (for @entity15875 ). Quantitative, real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used to confirm the relative expression of @entity15875 and @entity14695 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the skin-biopsy specimens. These peptides were also tested for antimicrobial activity against @entity794 with the use of a colony-forming assay. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of abundant @entity14695 and @entity15875 in the superficial epidermis of all @entity1 with @entity1569 . In comparison, immunostaining for these peptides was significantly decreased in acute and chronic lesions from @entity1 with @entity483 (P=0.006 and P=0.03, respectively). These results were confirmed by immunodot blot and Western blot analyses. Real-time RT-PCR showed significantly lower expression of @entity15875 mRNA and @entity14695 mRNA in @entity75 than in psoriatic lesions (P=0.009 and P=0.02, respectively). The combination of @entity14695 and @entity15875 showed synergistic antimicrobial activity by effectively killing @entity794 . CONCLUSIONS: A deficiency in the expression of antimicrobial peptides may account for the susceptibility of @entity1 with @entity483 to @entity272 with @entity794 .

title: Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and XXXX in @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity49951 :: ('MESH:D054804', 'Chemical') :: ['cathelicidins']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin infections']


abstract: Previous studies of oral @entity2607 in the treatment of @entity195 have: (1) assumed @entity2607 is effective only in mildly affected @entity1 ; (2) relied on an initial "dose-finding" phase to determine the most effective dose and excluded nonresponders; and (3) primarily assessed memory. We examined the response of 22 @entity1 to six different daily dosages of oral @entity2607 , using selective reminding tests that were administered twice daily. Nine @entity1 had a "best" dose/day (mode = 13 mg/day), which was used in a subsequent double-blind crossover study. The other 13 were given the highest tolerated dose. The selective reminding test and a full neuropsychological battery were given during the drug and placebo periods. As a group, the 22 @entity1 improved significantly on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol subtest and a shape cancellation task (p less than 0.05). Nine @entity1 showed improved performance on the selective reminding test during @entity2607 treatment, and 9 showed no response; 4 @entity1 performed better during placebo treatment. Dose finding did not help in predicting response in the crossover study; only 2 of the 9 who showed improvement had a best dose. @entity303 severity did not predict crossover response. This suggests that: (1) @entity2607 as administered had no pronounced effect on memory in @entity195 ; (2) oral @entity2607 produces no greater benefits on memory in mildly than in moderately demented @entity1 ; (3) response in a dose-finding phase does not predict response in double-blind crossover; and (4) Digit Symbol and cancellation tasks may be more sensitive than memory tests to the effects of oral @entity2607 .

title: Effects of oral XXXX in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2607 :: (MESH:D010830,Chemical) :: ['physostigmine']


abstract: @entity2971 present contrasting biological and molecular features compared to many @entity5 , which may partially explain their unusual sensitivity to chemotherapy. Reduced DNA repair capacity and enhanced induction of apoptosis appear to be key factors in the sensitivity of @entity2971 to @entity900 . Despite substantial cure rates, some @entity1 relapse and subsequently die of their disease. Intensive doses of chemotherapy are used to counter mechanisms of drug resistance. So far, high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support for @entity5 is used only in the setting of testicular @entity2971 . In that indication, high-dose chemotherapy is given as the first or late salvage treatment for @entity1 with either relapsed or progressive @entity5 after initial conventional salvage chemotherapy. High-dose chemotherapy is usually given as two or three sequential cycles using @entity3003 and @entity2879 with or without @entity1260 . The administration of intensive therapy carries significant side effects and can only be efficiently and safely conducted in specialized referral centers to assure optimum @entity1 care outcomes. In @entity5344 , most studies have demonstrated improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), but overall survival remained unchanged. Therefore, most of these approaches have been dropped. In @entity2971 , clinical trials are currently investigating novel therapeutic combinations and active treatments. In particular, the integration of targeted therapies constitutes an important area of research for @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: Intensive chemotherapy as salvage treatment for XXXX : focus on germ cell @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Germ cell tumors', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of computed tomography dense signs in acute @entity385 indicates @entity715 . We sought to ascertain whether reversibility of these signs provides additional prognostic information. METHODS: Baseline and follow-up imaging was obtained from 18 @entity1 who had received intravenous abciximab and heparin as part of an ongoing safety study in acute @entity385 . Presence of signs and their reversal were assessed and correlated with mortality and 90-day outcome. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 18 @entity1 had dense dot signs in the middle cerebral or dense signals in the basilar artery on baseline computed tomography. The signs reversed in 7 (group 1) and persisted in 7 (group 2). Mean baseline National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale did not differ. All 7 in group 1 were alive at 90 days, with 3 of 7 alive in group 2. Ninety-day modified Rankin Scale was lower in group 1 (1.9+/-1.57) compared with group 2 (4.6+/-1.9; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The reversal of dense signs predicts a much better outcome than its persistence. These signs should receive additional attention for both their diagnostic and prognostic importance.

title: Reversal of dense signs predicts recovery in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Corpus luteum growth and endocrine function are closely dependent on the formation of new capillaries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) tissue growth and microvascular development in the @entity1641 cyclic luteal structures; (ii) in vitro angiogenic activity of luteal tissues in response to luteotrophic (LH, @entity1421 ) and luteolytic (PGF(2alpha)) hormones and (iii) to relate data to luteal endocrinological function. Our results show that microvascular density was increased in the early and mid luteal phase, followed by a fall in the late luteal phase and a further decrease in the corpus albicans. @entity1373 of luteal tissue increased until the mid luteal phase and it was followed by tissue regression. Luteal explants were cultured with no hormone added, or with PGF(2alpha), LH, @entity1421 , LH+PGE(2) or LH+PGF(2alpha). Media conditioned by @entity1641 luteal tissue from different stages of the luteal phase were able to stimulate mitogenesis of @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), suggesting the presence of angiogenic activity. No difference was observed among luteal structures on their mitogenic capacity, for any treatment used. Nevertheless, Late-CL conditioned-media with PGF(2alpha) showed a significant decrease in BAEC proliferation (p<0.05) and LH+PGF(2alpha) a tendency to reduce mitogenesis. Thus, @entity3774 may play a role on vascular regression of the CL during the late luteal phase in the mare. These data suggest that luteal angiogenesis and vascular regression in the mare are coordinated with the development of non-vascular tissue and might be regulated by many different factors.

title: Microvascularization and angiogenic activity of XXXX corpora lutea throughout the estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']