abstract: Reproduction is a dual commitment, but so often in much of the world, it is seen as wholly the @entity1 's responsibility. She bears the burden not only of pregnancy and childbirth but also the threats from excessive @entity1 bearing, some responsibility for contraception, @entity249 investigation and often undiagnosed @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) including @entity791 . Failure to target @entity1 in reproductive health interventions has weakened the impact of reproductive health care programmes. The paper proposes that sophisticated and dynamic strategies in Africa and elsewhere which target @entity1 's reproductive health and research (such as control of @entity2953 including @entity791 , family planning, @entity249 investigation) require complementary linkage to the study and education of @entity1 . @entity1 's perceptions, as well as determinants of sexual behavioural change and the socioeconomic context in which @entity2953 , including @entity791 , become rife, should be reviewed. There is a need to study and foster change to reduce or prevent poor reproductive health outcomes; to identify behaviours which could be adversely affecting @entity1 's reproductive health. Issues of gender, identity and tolerance as expressed through sexuality and procreation need to be amplified in the context of present risks in reproductive health. Researchers and providers often ignore the social significance of @entity1 . This paper reviews the impact of male dominance, as manifested through reproductive health and sexual decisions, against the background of present reproductive health problems. A research agenda should define factors at both macro and micro levels that interact to adversely impinge on reproductive health outcomes. This should be followed up by well-developed causal models of the determinants of positive reproductive health-promoting behaviours. Behaviour specific influences in sexual partnership include the degree of interpersonal support towards prevention, for example, of @entity2953 , unwanted pregnancy or maternal deaths. Perceived efficacy and situational variables influencing male compliance in, say, condom use, form part of the wider study that addresses @entity1 . Thus preventive reproductive health initiatives and information should move from the female alone to both sexes. @entity1 need @entity1 as partners in reproductive health who understand the risks they might be exposed to and strategies for their prevention.

title: Reproductive health and XXXX prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for increased male participation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'Men', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: An autopsy was performed in 460 consecutive cases of @entity944 among 35- to 76-year-old @entity1 . The closest cohabiting individual known to each decreased subject was interviewed. Snoring history was obtained in 321 of the 371 interviews. In 86 cases there was a history of 'habitual' (almost always or always) snoring, and 88 @entity1 snored 'often'. The mean age of subjects was 55.4 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 kg m-2. Among the @entity28 snorers (n = 82), apnoeas had been observed 'occasionally', 'often', or 'habitually' in 49 cases. Death was classified as cardiovascular in 186 (40.4%) cases. Cardiovascular cause of @entity204 was more common among those who snored habitually or often than among those who snored occasionally or never (P less than 0.05). 'Habitual' snorers died more often while sleeping (P less than 0.05). Habitual snoring was found to be a risk factor for morning @entity204 (P less than 0.01). The possibility of @entity27 as a cause of @entity944 should at least be considered if the decreased is known to have been a habitual snorer.

title: @entity944 and sleeping history among Finnish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Physical therapy in @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is considered important for maintaining or improving mobility, @entity410 , functioning, and global health. We studied the influence of disease duration on the short term effects of supervised individual therapy. One hundred forty-four @entity1691 outpatients (modified New York Criteria; mean age: 43 years; median duration of disease: 4 years; range: 0-33) received 12 supervised individual treatments in a 6-week course of 30 minutes. Endpoints were: spinal mobility (thoracic and lumbar flexion and extension, chest expansion, @entity717 ), @entity410 (maximum work capacity by ergometry), functioning (Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Functional Index (FI)), and global @entity1 assessment of change on a visual analogue scale. After 6 weeks @entity1 had improved in all endpoints, but only significantly in rotation (8 degrees, 10%), @entity410 (6 watt, 4%), and SIP (0.6, 14%; t-test, p < 0.05). Global @entity1 assessment improved by 1.1 (22%). Plots of change scores and disease duration showed no evident relation. We also divided the population into two groups, with the median disease duration as a cut-off. No relevant difference in improvement was found between 'short duration' and 'long duration' groups (t-test of change scores, p > 0.05). In addition, no relevant correlation was found between change scores and disease duration (p > 0.01). It may be concluded that irrespective of disease duration, short term supervised individual therapy is effective in @entity1691 , slightly improving mobility, @entity410 , functioning and global health.

title: Therapeutic effects of individual physical therapy in XXXX related to duration of disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cervical rotation']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in the management of early-onset @entity726 associated with @entity3932 ( @entity3932 ). DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Ten eyes of nine @entity1 were included in this study. All @entity1 with @entity3932 who underwent primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy from January 1993 through December 1996 were included. One @entity1 had bilateral surgery. INTERVENTION: Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs), corneal clarity and diameters, visual acuities, success rate, bleb characteristics, time of surgical failure (if any), and complications. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 28.2 mmHg +/- 7.35 mmHg with medication (mean, 1.2 +/- 0.6; range, 0-2). The mean postoperative IOP was 11.8 mmHg +/- 1.8 mmHg, with a mean percent reduction of 55.8 +/- 12.6 in IOP (P < 0.0001). All eyes maintained a postoperative IOP < 16 mmHg without medication over a mean follow-up of 27.6 +/- 16.4 months (range, 12-64 months). Normal corneal clarity was achieved in all eight eyes that had @entity3279 . There were no significant @entity3816 . Postoperatively, one @entity1 developed a shallow anterior chamber with @entity1713 , which was successfully managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy is safe, effective, and sufficiently predictable to be considered the first choice of surgical treatment in early-onset @entity726 associated with @entity3932 .

title: Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for early-onset @entity726 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) sensitivity was examined in neurons in dissociated cultures from fetal ventral mesencephalon (14-16 days gestational age); many neurons probably originate in substantia nigra. Direct responses to iontophoretically applied @entity1617 were recorded by intracellular microelectrodes in 53 cells and indirect responses were recorded from 58 synaptically connected cells. Cultures (24-50 days old) were studied in growth media enriched with serum (10%) and @entity460 (6.8 mM). Direct responses: @entity1617 caused a slow depolarization (seconds) in 94% (50/53); in 30% of these cells (15/50) the depolarization exceeded action potential threshold. Hyperpolarizing responses occurred in 4% (2/53) and another cell showed reduced action potential firing. Indirect responses: Application of @entity1617 to adjacent cells caused an increase in postsynaptic potential (PSP) activity which was excitatory in 66% (38/58) and inhibitory in 17% (10/58). A reduced level of PSP activity occurred in 7% (4/58) of cells exhibiting excitatory PSPs and in 10% (6/58) of cells with inhibitory connections. Indirect responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin. @entity1617 receptor types: Responses to @entity1617 were predominantly muscarinic (77%, 10/13). Nicotinic responses were present in the remaining 23% (3/13).

title: XXXX responses in synaptically active neurons in mouse ventral mesencephalon cultures.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The durability of pubovaginal sling procedure for type 2 stress @entity322 was evaluated by a questionnaire survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1996, 48 @entity1 with type 2 stress @entity322 were treated with a @entity736 patch sling. Tightness of the sling was adjusted by setting the posterior urethrovesical angle at about 90 degrees under ultrasound monitoring. Study inclusion criteria were no urine leakage for at least 24 months confirmed by questionnaire and no recurrent @entity322 during followup. RESULTS: We received answers from 39 @entity1 (81.3%), of whom 1 was excluded from study due to less than 24-month followup (18 months) without urine leakage. Of the 38 @entity1 32 (84.2%) reported no leakage of urine, 4 (10.5%) were subjectively improved, 2 (5.3%) were the same and none was worse, for an overall cure or improved rate of 94.7%. Followup of the 32 @entity1 maintaining urinary continence averaged 65.9 +/- 29.4 months. Of the @entity1 6 (15.8%) had slight pelvic @entity158 , 4 (10.5%) always and 10 (26.3%) sometimes had to strain to void, and 14 (36.8%) complained pollakisuria. Urge @entity322 coexisted in 5 of 6 @entity1 reporting improved or the same status. Of all @entity1 31 (81.6%) were satisfied with the decision to undergo the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Durability and safety of our procedure for stress @entity322 were confirmed by the survey questionnaire. Most of the @entity1 complained of no or little difficulty voiding.

title: The correction of type 2 stress XXXX with a @entity736 patch sling: 5-year mean followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Understanding @entity164 2 @entity6 is challenged by the diversity of @entity1 phenotypes. Translating data across species and among individuals is a barrier for understanding the genetic loci that underpin this multifactorial disease. Dynamic scaling, based upon dimensional analysis, is a common technique in engineering used to translate data among different systems. The objective of this study was to gain insight using dimensional analysis into the relative changes in insulin production capacity vs. insulin-dependent @entity413 metabolism in @entity1 groups that represent distinct stages of disease progression. A dimensionless number was derived using variables involved in the production of insulin and in the sensitivity of @entity413 metabolism to insulin. The resulting dynamic scaling relationship was validated against @entity1 data obtained for over 2000 individuals that range in phenotype from normal to severe @entity164 2 @entity6 . Individuals were identified in the third National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey. @entity1 groups clustered in different regions based upon the severity of clinical symptoms. The cross-sectional comparison among @entity1 groups shows that progression from normal to clinical onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 exhibits a non-linear change in the ratio of insulin production to insulin-dependent @entity413 metabolism: normals are balanced, pre- @entity6 individuals exhibit an increase, and individuals with clinical @entity164 2 @entity6 exhibit a decrease in this ratio. This dimensionless number provides a method for discriminating between @entity1 groups from first principles. By analogy with other dimensionless numbers, this number may be used to monitor basic physiological variables responsible for @entity413 homeostasis. In addition, a similar dynamic trajectory to the clinical populations could provide a criterion for selecting relevant animal models for @entity6 .

title: Validating a dimensionless number for @entity413 homeostasis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The @entity1639 immediate early gene is induced by normal stimuli including light, stress, @entity1602 solutions, and hormones. @entity63 , @entity519 , @entity410 , @entity130 , nerve section and other pathological stimuli can also induce @entity1639 . The induction can occur via increases in intracellular @entity460 that act through a @entity141 / @entity268 element on its promoter, or via trophic and other factors that act through a serum response element (SRE) on its promoter. Several studies show that @entity460 entry via voltage sensitive @entity460 channels (VSCCs) is important for inducing @entity1639 . We have shown that @entity460 entry via the @entity143 receptor is important for induction of @entity1639 mRNA by @entity2227 and @entity268 in cultured cortical neurons. Moreover, the @entity143 receptor appears to regulate translation of @entity1639 mRNA to @entity1639 protein when cells are stimulated with other types of stimuli including vasoactive intestinal peptide, @entity219 , and fibroblast growth factor. These results suggest that toxins that elevate intracellular @entity460 will likely induce the @entity1639 gene in brain. The @entity1457 or stress genes are induced by a wide variety of stimuli including heavy metals, heat, oxidative and ischemic stress, prolonged @entity410 , @entity4053 , @entity460 ionophores, and certain toxins. It is believed that denatured proteins stimulate @entity1457 factors to bind to @entity1457 elements on the promoters of all @entity1457 genes to induce gene transcription. We and others have shown that global and focal @entity63 induce the @entity2285 @entity1457 gene in brain. Mild @entity63 induces @entity2285 mRNA and @entity2285 protein in neurons only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alterations in gene expression as an index of neuronal injury: XXXX and the immediate early gene response.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: A report is given on 3 cases of @entity625 after @entity693 caused by B meningococci, with a relapsing course in 1 case. The observations are compared with the literature and the characteristics of articular manifestations of @entity7135 are outlined. Three types are distinguished. Type I is characterized by banal @entity4841 masked by the symptoms of @entity693 . Type II encompasses @entity5414 preceding or concurring with the @entity693 and like the latter sensitive to antibiotics. Type III includes @entity625 with sterile articular fluid refractory to antibiotics and showing a spectacular reaction to non- @entity134 anti-inflammatory drugs. These arthritides constitute a true infective @entity627 , @entity7135 , and should be related to other post-meningococcal manifestations such as @entity2396 , @entity2401 , cutaneous and ocular changes. All these manifestations are attributed to the production of immune complexes. Postmeningococcal arthritides, whose characteristics are described, may occur after @entity5414 or appear as such. The distinction of postmeningococcal @entity627 where only anti-inflammatory treatment is effective might lead to the question whether certain postgonococcal arthritides refractory to antibiotics and responding to anti-inflammatory drugs are not provoked by an immuno-allergic mechanism leading to postgonococcal @entity627 -a nosological entity that has been abandoned possibly too fully and definitively.

title: [Post-meningococcal XXXX (apropos of 3 cases)].

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['postmeningococcal arthritides', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritides', 'septic meningococcal arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'cerebrospinal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['post-meningococcal rheumatism', 'meningococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Guidelines promote early @entity292 creation to avoid central venous catheter use. This practice may lead to @entity292 creations in @entity1 who never receive dialysis. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of @entity292 nonuse with long-term follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Administrative health data identified 1929 predialysis adults who had their first @entity292 creation between April of 2002 and March of 2006. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 2 years or until they began dialysis, received a kidney transplant, or died. RESULTS: The median follow-up times in @entity1 who started dialysis, died without receiving dialysis, and remained in predialysis were 6.1, 11.5, and 38.7 months, respectively. Eighty-one percent of @entity1 initiated dialysis; 9% of @entity1 died without receiving dialysis, and 10% of @entity1 remained predialysis. Forty percent of @entity1 had their first @entity292 creation 3-12 months before initiating dialysis (the recommended window). Thirty percent were created within 90 days of starting dialysis; 30% were created more than 1 year before starting dialysis, and 10% were created more than 2 years before starting dialysis. Older @entity1 , females, and @entity1 with less comorbidity were not as likely to initiate dialysis after incident @entity292 creation. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 who underwent @entity292 creation before starting dialysis eventually received dialysis with extended follow-up, but the risk was significantly modified by age, sex, and comorbidity. Many @entity1 had @entity292 creations earlier or later than recommended.

title: Likelihood of starting dialysis after incident XXXX creation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiarrhythmic drug therapy guided by invasive electrophysiologic testing is now widely used in @entity1 with symptomatic, sustained @entity1165 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial in 170 @entity1 to investigate whether this approach would improve long-term outcome. @entity1 whose @entity943 was inducible by programmed electrical stimulation were assigned to treatment with electrophysiologically guided drug therapy based on serial testing (61 @entity1 ) or with @entity1406 (54 @entity1 ). Electrophysiologically guided therapy consisted of serial testing of antiarrhythmic agents to identify the first one that rendered the @entity943 noninducible. The 55 @entity1 whose @entity943 was noninducible during the initial electrophysiologic test were also treated with @entity1406 . RESULTS: During a mean (+/- SD) follow-up period of 23 +/- 17 months, recurrent, nonfatal @entity943 occurred in 44 @entity1 and @entity944 due to cardiac factors in 27. The incidence of symptomatic @entity943 and @entity944 combined was virtually the same in the two groups with inducible @entity943 after two years of observation (electrophysiologically guided therapy vs. @entity1406 therapy, 46 percent vs. 48 percent). The outcome was more favorable in the @entity1 with noninducible @entity943 at base line (75 percent had neither adverse event) than in those with inducible @entity943 who were assigned to @entity1406 therapy (P = 0.009 by log-rank test). Only 6 of the 29 @entity1 (21 percent) with inducible @entity943 that became noninducible during drug therapy had recurrent @entity943 or @entity944 , as compared with 21 of the 32 @entity1 (66 percent) with @entity943 that continued to be inducible (P less than 0.001). A multivariate regression analysis identified continued inducibility of the @entity943 as an independent predictor of recurrent @entity943 or @entity944 (relative risk, 7.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 23.2; P less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with @entity1406 therapy, electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic drug therapy did not improve the overall outcome of @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 . However, effective suppression of inducible @entity943 by antiarrhythmic drugs was associated with a better outcome than was lack of suppression.

title: A comparison of electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic drug therapy with beta-blocker therapy in @entity1 with symptomatic, sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: @entity5 increases with age and often arises from the selective clonal growth of altered cells. Thus, any environment favoring clonal growth per se poses a higher risk for @entity5 development. Using a genetically tagged animal model, we investigated whether aging is associated with increased clonogenic potential. Groups of 4-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old Fischer 344 @entity35 were infused (via the portal vein) with 2x10(6) hepatocytes isolated from a normal syngenic 2-month-old donor. Animals @entity16023 ( @entity8238 -) enzyme were used as recipients, allowing for the histochemical detection of injected @entity8238 + cells. Groups of animals were sacrificed at various times thereafter. No growth of @entity8238 + transplanted hepatocytes was present after either 2 or 6 months in the liver of @entity35 transplanted at young age, as expected. In striking contrast, significant expansion of donor-derived cells was seen in animals transplanted at the age of 18 months: clusters comprising 7-10 @entity8238 + hepatocytes/cross-section were present after 2 months and were markedly enlarged after 6 months (mean of 88+/-35 cells/cluster/cross-section). These results indicate that the microenvironment of the aged liver supports the clonal expansion of transplanted normal hepatocytes. Such clonogenic environments can foster the selective growth of pre-existing altered cells, thereby increasing the overall risk for @entity5 development associated with aging.

title: Aging is associated with increased clonogenic potential in XXXX liver in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16023 :: ('MESH:C565168', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in dipeptidyl-peptidase type IV']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The diagnostic possibilities concerning the early diagnosis of an @entity5513 are discussed. As it is very important to detect these @entity5 in the otological stage, we scrutinize the different symptoms and signs which can arise this suspicion and try to delineate the criteria for further investigation, which signifies the indications for the radiological investigation: tomography and cisternography. The survey of the results obtained during 1976 confirms the value of the rules we adopted. Every @entity1 complaining of @entity393 or @entity392 has to be examined by audiometry. Every unilateral or asymmetrical @entity15857 calls for an examination of the functional state of the vestibular system. A perceptive @entity393 with unilateral vestibular functional loss, is an indication for a radiological investigation of the MAI and here a tomography has to be preferred. If the tomography indicates an asymmetry corresponding with the functional loss, a cisternography is to be done. In the cases in which the functional loss goes together with normal radiography, we advise a close follow-up, repeating the functional evaluations at fixed intervals. In @entity5122 , a control tomography and a cisternography is to be taken into consideration. The case with borderline data, or in which some opposition in the findings is recorded, the cases with negative cisternography and certainly the cases with a dubious cisternography are to be followed too. As on the one side a negative tomography can hide a @entity5 , and on the other hand a cisternography is a heavy decision for a dubious anomaly, we are inclined to insist more and more on a close functional follow-up rather than extend the indications for cisternography.

title: The early detection of the XXXX . Otoneurological indications of the radiological investigation.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['case of further deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity15857 :: ('MESH:C535473', 'Disease') :: ['perceptive deafness']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex is a receptor required for normal hemostasis deficient in the @entity3459 . To evaluate the consequences of GPIb-V-IX deficiency in @entity715 we generated @entity19 models of the disease by targeting the @entity47546 subunit. METHODS AND RESULTS: Complete deletion ( @entity47546 -/-) or an intracellular truncation ( @entity47546 deltaIC-/-) reproduced typical and variant forms of @entity3742 , with absent and partial (20%) expression of the complex on the platelet surface. Both strains exhibited @entity882 and enlarged platelets with abnormal microtubular structures but normal granule composition. They exhibited prolonged tail bleeding times, which were less pronounced in @entity47546 deltaIC-/-. Decreased @entity715 formation was observed after blood perfusion over a collagen coated surface at high shear. Resistance to @entity432 and an abnormal @entity715 composition were observed in a model of @entity24871 -induced lesion of carotid arteries. In a model of laser-induced lesion of mesenteric arterioles, @entity715 was strongly reduced in @entity47546 -/- @entity19 , while a more modest effect was observed in @entity47546 deltaIC-/- animals. Finally, the two strains were protected against @entity204 in a model of systemic @entity1031 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vivo evidence of a decreased @entity715 tendency linked to defective platelet GPIb-V-IX in @entity19 models of @entity3742 .

title: Decreased @entity715 tendency in @entity19 models of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier', 'Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity3742 :: (MESH:D001606,Disease) :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']


abstract: The growth and metastases of many solid @entity5 are dependent on the recruitment of new blood vessels. @entity5 angiogenesis is most likely initiated by paracrine release of growth factors that bind to their corresponding endothelial cell surface receptors. To determine whether angiogenesis and growth factor receptor expression are consistent findings in @entity320 , primary @entity1 @entity320 were examined for mRNA expression of receptors for fibroblast growth factors ( @entity7167 , @entity7991 ), @entity7 ( @entity6758 , @entity319 ), and the receptors Tiel and @entity878 . Charts were reviewed and archival @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 were obtained from @entity1 with thin (<1 mm; n = 10), intermediate (1 to 4 mm; n = 10), or thick @entity320 (>4 mm; n = 8). Also examined was whether @entity320 cell lines could induce endothelial growth factor receptor synthesis by metabolic labeling. It was found that @entity5 vascularity did not correlate with clinical stage, @entity320 , or clinical outcome. It was also found that @entity320 cell lines were not capable of directly regulating endothelial cell synthesis of growth factor receptors. However, expression of Tiel and @entity319 mRNA by the @entity5 vasculature in select stage IA-IIB @entity1 , and @entity7167 mRNA expression by the @entity5 cells in the same clinical stages was found. The expression of these growth factor receptors did not correlate with clinical outcome. These data suggest that angiogenesis is not a prominent characteristic of primary @entity320 and that the endothelial cell expression of Tiel and @entity319 in vivo is probably not directly induced by the @entity5 .

title: Angiogenesis and vascular growth factor receptor expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma lesions', 'melanoma', 'melanomas', 'melanoma thickness', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Around three million Japanese are persistently infected with @entity97 or @entity3531 . Though most of them work in various industries, little is known about the actual conditions in their workplaces. To clarify the workplace conditions of workers with @entity99 , three kinds of questionnaire surveys, answered by occupational health physicians and workers with @entity99 , were carried out. The rates of workers recognized as workers with @entity1956 or C by occupational health physicians were 0.82% and 0.48% of 130,092 workers, respectively. About 30% of workers with @entity99 were engaged in "hazardous work". The percentage of workers engaged in various types of hazardous work among workers with @entity99 was nearly the same as that among all Japanese workers. About 30% of occupational health physicians witnessed exacerbation of @entity99 in the workers at their workplaces, and 22% of workers with @entity99 experienced exacerbation of @entity99 . The rate of workers with @entity99 who had experienced exacerbation was not significantly different between workers with and without hazardous work. Workers with @entity99 have strong concerns about the relationship between work and exacerbation. As causes of exacerbation, occupational health physicians cited "unknown", "drinking" and "quit treatment" while workers with @entity99 answered "work-related causes", besides "unknown" and "drinking."

title: @entity97 - and XXXX - infected workers in the Japanese workplace.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['HCV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase ( @entity533 ) is a high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) associated enzyme with antioxidative and anti-atherogenic property. Its function is associated with @entity453 and its activity genetically controlled. We evaluated whether genetic variation of @entity533 is associated with clinical outcome in a large cohort of Korean @entity1 with drug-eluting stents implantation. METHODS: A total of 1676 @entity1 with drug-eluting stent implantation were enrolled in the prospective CROSS-VERIFY cohort from June 2006 to June 2010. We genotyped the @entity533 - @entity16209 gene, measured @entity1397 on-treatment platelet reactivity (OPR), and analyzed lipid profiles. The primary endpoint was the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , and stent @entity715 at 12 months. RESULTS: @entity533 genotyping data were available in 1336 @entity1 . Since the Q-allele is associated with decreased @entity533 -activity, we analyzed the outcome between @entity1 with QQ/QR (815 @entity1 , 61%) and those with RR-genotype (521 @entity1 , 39%). After adjustment for common cardiac risk factors, the QQ/QR-genotype was an independent predictor of the primary @entity715 endpoint with an 11-fold increased risk (HR 11.6, 95% CI: 1.55-87.0), but not repeat revascularization (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78-1.61). The QQ/QR-genotype was not associated with OPR (QQ/QR: 231  86 PRU vs. RR 236  82 PRU, p=0.342) but higher small-dense LDL levels (1.20  0.12 mg/dL vs. 0.76  0.15 mg/dL, p=0.027). The increased risk of @entity715 outcomes was more profound in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) @entity1 compared with non- @entity1187 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity533 Q-allele is an independent predictor of worse cardiovascular outcome independent of platelet function and is associated with significantly higher levels of small dense LDL-C.

title: @entity533 gene polymorphism does not affect XXXX response variability but is associated with clinical outcome after PCI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Steroid hormonal contraceptives are highly effective and widely used. Most studies have shown a negative effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of adolescents. The study was conducted to compare @entity79 among users of @entity2082 /desogestrel, users of @entity2082 / @entity3429 and nonhormonal control subjects in @entity1 aged 16-18 years. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 450 @entity1 16-18 years of age. One hundred fifty @entity1 were using @entity2082 /desogestrel, 150 @entity1 were using @entity2082 / @entity3429 , and 150 @entity1 were using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. @entity79 ofthe lumbar spine and femoral neck was obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and mean @entity79 changes in COCs users and nonusers were compared. RESULTS: At 24 months of treatment, lumbar spine and femoral neck mean @entity79 values in @entity1 (n=127) who used @entity2082 /desogestrel were slightly lower compared with baseline, but these effects did not reach statistical significance (p=.837 and p=.630, respectively). The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 values in @entity1 (n=134) who used @entity2082 / @entity3429 were slightly higher compared with baseline, but there was no statistical significance (p=.789 and p=.756, respectively). The increases in mean percent change in lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 in the @entity2082 / @entity3429 group were less than those in the control group (1.88% vs. 0.30% and 0.98% vs. 0.49%, respectively). There were no significant differences in mean @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck between the users of @entity2082 / @entity7281 or @entity2082 / @entity3429 and nonusers (p>.05). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that 2 years of COCs therapy had no significant effect on bone density in adolescents, but it remains unknown whether therapy longer than 2 years has a significant adverse effect on the attainment of peak bone mass.

title: Effect of two kinds of different combined oral contraceptives use on @entity79 in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Recent studies have shown major gene effects for @entity28 in randomly ascertained families. To investigate the @entity1423 of a specific subset of @entity28 , which is particularly prone to medical complications, families with @entity5845 were studied. This condition occurs in 1%-2% of the population and is defined as 45.5 kg (100 pounds) or more over ideal weight. First-degree relatives of 221 morbidly @entity28 probands (1560 adults) were identified, and height and weight (current and greatest) were obtained from each family member. @entity5845 occurred in the family members of the probands 8 times more often than in the general population. Of the morbidly @entity28 probands, 48% had one or more first-degree relatives who were also morbidly @entity28 compared to a 6% population estimate. By the ages of 20-24, 12% of the morbidly @entity28 probands were already 45.5 kg or more overweight, and 45% were 22.7 kg (50 pounds) or more overweight. There was little difference in the prevalence of familial @entity5845 by the gender of the probands: 47% of the male probands and 48% of the female probands had another morbidly @entity28 relative, while 67% and 53% of the early onset (before age 25) male and female probands, respectively, had one or more first-degree relatives who were also morbidly @entity28 . In addition to the extreme degree of @entity1423 , the prevalence of @entity5845 in parent-offspring sets was calculated within the morbidly @entity28 families. Morbidly @entity28 families who have one or two morbidly @entity28 parents have a 2.6 times increased risk (p<0.002) of having one or more morbidly @entity28 adult offspring, compared to families who have neither parent morbidly @entity28 . Evidence for trimodality of the body mass index distribution was found for each gender (p = 0.0006 for male relatives and p = 0.075 for female relatives). The strong @entity1423 of @entity5845 indicates the need for further understanding of the genetic determinants of this extreme clinical disorder and how environmental factors affect the genetic expression of the trait.

title: @entity1423 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['Morbid obesity', 'morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: Pectoralis muscle quality was evaluated from 18-wk-old tom @entity233 after electrical stun, @entity544 stun, or no stun methods were applied. Color was measured on raw muscle and cooked meat using a colorimeter. Muscle pH was measured 15 min post-mortem (initial), 24 h post-mortem (final), and after cooking. The right Pectoralis muscle of each carcass was excised for m-calpain analysis within 4 min post-mortem. After 24 h of storage at 4 C, the left Pectoralis muscle was excised to determine cook loss and shear force measurements. No significant difference was found in @entity121 (15 min) from @entity233 receiving electrical or @entity544 stunning, 6.36+/-0.15 and 6.20+/-0.14, respectively. However, @entity121 for birds that were not stunned (5.99+/-0.08) was lower (P < 0.05) than the muscle pH of birds stunned using either of the two stunning methods. Stunning method had no effect on the final muscle pH, raw muscle color, cooked meat pH, cooked meat color, cook loss, or shear force. Cook loss was found to positively correlate with @entity121 (r = 0.53), and cooked meat lightness (r = 0.48), but to negatively correlate with cooked meat yellowness (r = -0.48) and shear strength (r = -0.43). m-Calpain activity declined with the stunning methods in the following order: electrical > @entity544 > no stun. In addition, m-calpain activity was found to correlate with @entity121 (r = 0.95) and with cooked meat shear force (r = -0.43). The results of this study show that electrical stunning, @entity544 stunning, and no stunning methods provide comparable cooked @entity233 breast meat quality with no consistent differences after aging on the carcass for 24 h.

title: Influence of preslaughter stunning on XXXX breast muscle quality.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['initial muscle lightness', 'initial muscle pH']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: A total of 50 @entity11621 serovar Javiana isolates, isolated from food, environmental and clinical samples, were analyzed for antibiotic resistance, presence of virulence genes, plasmids and plasmid replicon types. To assess the genetic diversity, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprinting and plasmid profiles were performed. All of the isolates were sensitive to @entity2755 , @entity802 , and @entity23174 , and four isolates showed intermediate resistance to @entity801 or @entity7913 . Eleven isolates, including representatives from each of the source types, were resistant to @entity869 . Four isolates from either clinical or environmental sources were resistant to @entity803 , while an additional 20 isolates showed intermediate resistance to this drug. Fourteen isolates, primarily from food sources, showed intermediate resistance to @entity3639 . The S. Javiana isolates were screened by PCR for 17 virulence genes ( @entity47547 , spiA, pagC, msgA, invA, sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, iroN, sitC, IpfC, sifA, sopB, cdtB, and pefA). All isolates were positive for nine to fourteen of these genes, but none were positive for pefA, @entity47547 and lpfC, which are typically present on the @entity11621 virulence plasmid. Seven of the virulence genes including cdtB were found in all 50 isolates, suggesting that S. Javiana from food and environmental sources had virulence similar to clinical isolates. Four clinical isolates and two food isolates carried one or more plasmids of approximately 30, 38, and 58 kb, with the 58 kb plasmids belonging to incompatibility group IncFIIA. Two clinical isolates carried IncI1 type mega plasmid (80 kb), and one clinical isolate carried plasmids of 4.5 and 7 kb. The PFGE profiles resulted 34 patterns in five clusters at a 90% similarity threshold. Our results indicate that S. Javiana isolates have a diverse clonal population among the clinical, food and environmental samples and this serotype possesses several virulent genes and plasmids that can contribute to the development of @entity5746 in @entity1 . This study provides data that support the potential transmission of S. Javiana virulence factors from food and environmental sources to cause @entity281 in @entity1 .

title: Isolation and molecular characterization of XXXX serovar Javiana from food, environmental and clinical samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity23174 :: ('MESH:D013444', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfisoxazole']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'Salmonella enterica']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity11621 :: (28901,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the ABCD (Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in @entity6 ) Trial is to determine the efficacy of intensive versus moderate antihypertensive control on the outcome of @entity2412 in normotensive and @entity101 populations. The secondary objective is to determine whether any differential effect on end-organ complications exists between an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) and a @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity10129 ). DESIGN: The ABCD Trial is a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial, with a planned follow-up of 5 years. SETTING: All @entity1 are seen at the Colorado Prevention Center, site of the ABCD Trial, for follow-up visits. @entity1 : @entity1 are type II @entity6 males and females between the ages of 40 and 74 years with @entity551 > or = 80 mmHg. @entity1 were recruited from University of Colorado-affiliated hospitals, several health maintenance organizations, and mailing lists from the Colorado affiliate of the American @entity6 Association. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to intensive antihypertensive drug therapy or moderate antihypertensive drug therapy. @entity1 were also randomized to @entity10129 or @entity4688 , with open-label medications added if further blood pressure control was necessary. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure is glomerular filtration rate as assessed by 24-hour @entity1011 clearance. Secondary outcome measures are microalbumin urinary excretion, left @entity123 , @entity989 , and @entity16 . @entity65 and mortality will also be evaluated. CONCLUSION: Given the data showing the impact of @entity101 on @entity6 complications, the ABCD Trial was designed to determine if intensive antihypertensive therapy will be more efficacious than moderate antihypertensive therapy on the outcome of these complications. Results from the ABCD Trial are expected to lend interpretable and clinically relevant findings with regards to the treatment of @entity101 in @entity2175 .

title: The ABCD (Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in XXXX ) trial. Rationale and design of a trial of @entity101 control (moderate or intensive) in @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetic end-organ complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['entry diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Background and Aim. EUS-guided intervention (EGI) for biliary therapy has been increasingly used in recent years. This report aims to describe the spectrum and experience of EUS-guided interventions in @entity253 in a single-tertiary center. Methods. All @entity1 with EGI were analyzed retrospectively by retrieving data from a prospectively stored endoscopic database between January 2006 and September 2010. Results. There were 31 cases with EGIs (17 female, 14 male) with a mean age    SD of 58.03    16.89 years. The majority of cases (17/31; 55%) were ampullary or @entity788 with @entity3883 . The major indications for EGI were @entity3883 (n = 16) and @entity255 (n = 9). The EGIs were technically successful in 24 of the 31 cases (77%). The success rate for the first 3 years was 8 of 13 procedures (61.5%) as compared to that of the last 2 years (16/18 procedures (89%); P = 0.072). Twenty-three of the 24 cases (96%) with technical success for stent placement also had clinical success in terms of symptom improvement. The complications were major in 4 (13%) and minor in 7 (23%) @entity1 . Conclusion. The EUS-guided drainage for @entity253 , acute @entity2679 , @entity1157 , and biloma was an attractive alternative and should be handled in expert centers.

title: The Spectrum of Endoscopic Ultrasound Intervention in XXXX : A Single Center's Experience in 31 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary Diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent that is implicated in the formation of free @entity26 radicals. @entity2493 is known to be a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant agent. This study was designed to investigate the effects of @entity2493 on @entity870 -induced @entity409 by histopathological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male @entity35 of Sprague-Dawley origin were divided into 4 groups of 8 and treated for 28 days as follows: group 1 received daily doses of 0.1 ml/kg olive oil s.c.; group 2 received 4 mg/kg of @entity2493 ; group 3 received 10 mg/kg @entity870 diluted in 0.1 ml/kg olive oil; group 4 was treated with 4 mg/kg @entity2493 i.p. and 10 mg/kg @entity870 s.c. Finally, the @entity35 were sacrificed by terminal anesthesia, and liver tissue specimens were processed for light microscopy, stained with HE and examined under a light microscope. RESULTS: Specimens of the control group showed normal liver histology, whereas group 3 showed major histopathological changes, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, dilatation of the sinusoids, apoptosis and many mitotic figures. In group 4, the normal histology of the liver was preserved, although apoptosis, mitotic figures and cytoplasmic vacuolization were still infrequently observed. Nevertheless, there were significant differences between group 2 ( @entity2493 ) and group 3 ( @entity870 ) and between group 3 ( @entity870 ) and group 4 ( @entity870 + @entity2493 ) concerning these 3 parameters (vacuolization, sinusoidal dilatation and apoptosis). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that @entity870 -related liver @entity137 in @entity35 could be significantly reduced by @entity2493 administration.

title: @entity2493 prevents @entity205 -induced hepatotoxicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and compliance with prescribed medical regimen, number of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits, and hospitalizations in adults with @entity565 . METHOD: The sample consisted of 29 adults with a diagnosis of @entity565 . The relationship among knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and compliance with medical regimen was explored through use of a survey design. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Asthma Questionnaire and the Asthma Management Questionnaire that measured compliance were mailed to subjects' homes. Once completed, questionnaires were returned, and demographic data and number of @entity341 visits and hospitalizations were obtained through a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes and knowledge and self-efficacy. The more positive @entity1 ' attitudes toward their @entity565 , the higher their knowledge and self-efficacy scores. There were significant correlations between select demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. @entity1 scored higher on attitudes, @entity1 with a college education scored higher on knowledge and attitudes, and @entity1 with mild @entity565 scored highest on the self-efficacy scale. Compliance with use of peak-flow meters correlated with higher scores on the attitude and self-efficacy scales. The higher total compliance score group had significantly higher self-efficacy scores. In addition, higher self-efficacy scores correlated with lower numbers of hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Attitudes and self-efficacy rather than knowledge had the most significant impact on compliance and number of @entity341 visits and hospitalizations. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Asthma Questionnaire provides a means for nurses to assess @entity1 ' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding their @entity565 . @entity1 with low scores could be channeled into programs that would help them improve their ability to manage their @entity565 .

title: Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and compliance with medical regimen, number of @entity341 visits, and hospitalizations in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence and clinical significance of @entity1503 group incompatibility in @entity1 whose mothers have @entity1503 type A or B. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed cord @entity1503 samples from 4996 consecutive love-born @entity1 for @entity1503 type, hematocrit, and results of direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test (DAT) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). OUTCOME MEASURES: Erythrocyte sensitization was determined by positive DAT or @entity1062 results. Significant @entity3638 (> or = 224 mumol/L (12.8 mg/dl) and mean cord hematocrits were compared between mother- @entity1 pairs with ABO incompatibility and positive DAT or @entity1062 results and those with negative Coombs test results. RESULTS: Of all births, 6.9% (343/4996) were of @entity1 who had ABO incompatibility and had been born to mothers with @entity1503 type B or A; 44 (13%) of 343 @entity1 had a positive antiglobulin test result, of whom 43 had a positive @entity1062 result only. Type A or B mothers were 5.5 times less likely to have sensitization than type O mothers; A-B, B-A, A-AB, and B-AB mother- @entity1 pairs with a positive antiglobulin test result had mean cord hematocrits and rates of significant @entity3638 similar to those of corresponding pairs whose antiglobulin tests both showed negative results. @entity1 with a positive DAT result had lower mean cord hematocrits than @entity1 with negative results on both antiglobulin tests or on a positive @entity1062 result only. Significant @entity3638 was more frequent in @entity1 with a positive DAT result than in @entity1 with negative results on both antiglobulin tests or a positive @entity1062 result only. CONCLUSION: Sensitization is much rare when the mother has @entity1503 type A or B than when she has @entity1503 type O, as demonstrated by the antiglobulin test. The incidence of significant @entity3638 and lower cord hematocrit is not increased by sensitization when the mother has type A or B.

title: Prevalence and lack of clinical significance of XXXX group incompatibility in mothers with @entity1503 type A or B.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['indirect Coombs test', 'ICT']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Advanced imaging with computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography is frequently used to evaluate for @entity698 . The duration of the @entity490 may be related to the stage of disease and therefore the interpretability of radiologic studies. Here, we investigate the influence of the duration of @entity158 on the diagnostic accuracy of advanced imaging in @entity1 being evaluated for @entity697 . METHODS: A secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter observational cohort of @entity1 aged 3 to 18 years with suspected @entity698 who underwent CT or ultrasonography was studied. Outcome was based on histopathology or telephone follow-up. Treating physicians recorded the duration of @entity158 . Imaging was coded as positive, negative, or equivocal according to an attending radiologist's interpretation. RESULTS: A total of 1,810 @entity1 were analyzed (49% @entity1 , mean age 10.9 years [SD 3.8 years]); 1,216 (68%) were assessed by CT and 832 (46%) by ultrasonography (238 [13%] had both). The sensitivity of ultrasonography increased linearly with increasing @entity158 duration (test for trend: odds ratio=1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.71). There was no association between the sensitivity of CT or specificity of either modality with @entity158 duration. The proportion of equivocal CT readings significantly decreased with increasing @entity158 duration (test for trend: odds ratio=0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.90). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of ultrasonography for @entity698 improves with a longer duration of @entity490 , whereas CT demonstrated high sensitivity regardless of @entity158 duration. Additionally, CT results (but not ultrasonographic results) were less likely to be equivocal with longer duration of @entity490 .

title: The effect of XXXX duration on the accuracy of diagnostic imaging for pediatric @entity698 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the age group or groups which will provide the most information on the potential size of the @entity3605 in Great Britain via the sampling of tonsil and appendix material to detect the presence of abnormal @entity3669 ( @entity3669 (Sc)). A subsidiary aim was to determine the degree to which such an anonymous age-stratified testing programme will reduce current uncertainties in the size of the @entity3082 in future years. A cohort- and time-stratified model was used to generate @entity3082 scenarios consistent with the observed vCJD case incidence. These scenarios, together with data on the age distribution of tonsillectomies and appendectomies, were used to evaluate the optimal age group and calendar time for undertaking testing and to calculate the range of @entity3082 sizes consistent with different outcomes. The analyses suggested that the optimal five-year age group to test is 25-29 years, although a random sample of appendix tissue from all age groups is nearly as informative. A random sample of tonsil tissue from all age groups is less informative, but the information content is improved if sampling is restricted to tissues removed from those over ten years of age. Based on the assumption that the test is able to detect infection in the last 75% of the incubation period, zero detected @entity281 in an initial random sample of 1000 tissues would suggest that the @entity3082 will be less than 870,000 cases. If @entity281 are detected, then the model prediction suggests that both relatively small epidemics (800+ cases if one is detected or 8300+ if two are detected) and larger epidemics (21,000+ cases if three or more are detected) are possible. It was concluded that testing will be most informative if undertaken using appendix tissues or tonsil tissues removed from those over ten years of age. Large epidemics can only be excluded if a small number of @entity281 are detected and the test is able to detect infection early in the incubation period.

title: Assessment of the prevalence of vCJD through testing tonsils and appendices for abnormal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['vCJD epidemic']

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cuff pressure for optimal airway sealing with first-generation laryngeal mask airway has been shown to be 40 cm @entity2507 in @entity1 . Currently, there are no data regarding the ideal intracuff pressure for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme (Supreme) in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical performance of the laryngeal mask airway supreme with the laryngeal mask airway unique in @entity1 and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty @entity1 were assigned to receive either a Supreme or a laryngeal mask airway-U. We hypothesized higher airway leak pressure with the Supreme at both 40 cm @entity2507 and 60 cm @entity2507 , when compared with the laryngeal mask airway-U. Ease and time of insertion, insertion attempts, fiber optic examination, quality of airway, efficacy of mechanical ventilation, success of gastric tube placement (Supreme), incidence of @entity356 , and complications were also assessed. RESULTS: Airway leak pressure at an intracuff pressure of 60 cm @entity2507 for the Supreme was 17.4 (5.2) vs laryngeal mask airway-U at 18.4 (6.6) cm @entity2507 and did not differ when compared to an intracuff pressure of 40 cm @entity2507 for both devices; Supreme at 17.2 (5) vs laryngeal mask airway-U at 17.7 (6) cm @entity2507 . The laryngeal mask airway-U was associated with higher first-attempt success rates. The Supreme was associated with less @entity356 than the laryngeal mask airway-U. CONCLUSIONS: Intracuff pressures of 40 cm @entity2507 may be sufficient for the Supreme in @entity1 , and there may be no added benefit of an intracuff pressure of 60 cm @entity2507 , as leak pressures were similar. The Supreme may be preferred over the laryngeal mask airway-U for its lower rates of @entity356 and provision for gastric access when mechanical ventilation is utilized.

title: A randomized comparison of the laryngeal mask airway supreme    and laryngeal mask airway unique    in @entity1 and XXXX : does cuff pressure influence leak pressure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric insufflation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the predictability and effectiveness of radial keratotomy in @entity1 with @entity2516 and unacceptable @entity9340 after @entity231 surgery. SETTING: A prospective multicenter study. METHODS: This study comprised 40 eyes of 40 Japanese @entity1 who had had @entity231 surgery. Radial keratotomy was performed, and the 6 month postoperative data were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 71.0 years +/- 7.4 (SD) (range 51 to 84 years) and mean preoperative @entity9340 -3.41 +/- 1.69 D (range -1.25 to -7.75 D). The surgery decreased mean @entity9340 to -1.01 +/- 0.94 D (P < .000001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), a mean reduction of 2.22 +/- 1.23 D (range 0.75 to 5.88 D). @entity86 ranged from 0.81 to -3.13 D. The surgical effects were overestimated by the nomograms developed for the correction of naturally occurring @entity1714 in the eyes of white @entity1 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that optical zone size and number of incisions were significantly correlated with the amount of myopic correction, and the regression equation (R2 = 0.77) was expressed as follows: Effects = (-1.45 x optical zone size) + (0.24 x incision number) + 7.60. A new nomogram was derived based on this equation. CONCLUSIONS: Radial keratotomy was a safe and efficient procedure to treat @entity2516 in @entity735 . Separate nomograms are necessary for white and Asian populations.

title: Radial keratotomy to treat @entity2516 after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['myopic refractive error']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative anisometropia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The paper critically analyzes available data on the nutritional and metabolic effects of total parenteral nutrition ( @entity8856 ) and enteral nutrition (EN) in cachectic @entity5 @entity1 . Only papers dealing with adult @entity5 @entity1 and providing data regarding type of @entity5 , duration of the nutritional support, and administration rate of calories and @entity1522 , validated by statistical analysis of the results, are included. The main conclusions are the following: (1) No nutritional variable worsened in @entity5 @entity1 receiving @entity8856 or EN, in conditions in which progressive deterioration of the nutritional status is the rule. (2) The nutritional variables improved by @entity8856 and EN were body weight, fat mass, and some indicators of lean body mass ( @entity1568 balance and whole body @entity972 ). Thyroxin-binding prealbumin and @entity904 -binding protein increased only with @entity8856 , whereas some immunologic indexes (complement factors and lymphocytes) improved only with EN. (3) The daily regimens which improved lean body mass and visceral proteins ranged from 35 to 55 kcal/kg and from 1.2 to 2.0 g of @entity1522 /kg for @entity8856 ; for EN it was 35 kcal/kg and 1.3 g of @entity1522 /kg. However, the enteral regimen capable of improving some immune responses included at least 42 kcal/kg and 2.3 g of @entity1522 /kg. (4) Only three randomized studies were performed to compare @entity8856 and EN, and conflicting results were obtained. Only @entity8856 showed some significant advantages with regard to weight gain, @entity1568 balance, maintenance of serum albumin levels and some mineral balances. However, the advantage of @entity8856 was not clear enough to recommend its indiscriminate use. The choice between @entity8856 and EN should always consider the functionality of the GI tract, the need for hospitalization to start a @entity8856 regimen, and the higher cost of intravenous feeding. (5) When comparing @entity8856 to a standard oral diet, the following variables improved with the nutritional support: body weight, @entity1568 balance, @entity7981 , urinary excretion, and serum levels of @entity69 , cholinesterase, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, and @entity904 -binding protein. (6) When comparing @entity8856 with @entity413 vs @entity8856 with @entity413 -lipids, no major difference was found with regard to most nutritional variables. In conclusion, nutritional support alone probably has a small role in managing a limited number of @entity5 @entity1 dying primarily because of @entity3147 or mainly suffering from nutritional deterioration. It can also have a "permissive" role in those @entity1 potentially candidate to an oncologic treatment which cannot be delivered because of a poor nutritional status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of artificial nutrition on the nutritional status of @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Q @entity221 is a disease of @entity1 . Vaccines to prevent this disease have demonstrated efficacy in rodents and must also be evaluated for efficacy in a nonhuman primate model. Preliminary to vaccine efficacy experiments, cynomolgus and @entity2608 were evaluated as suitable experimental models of @entity4002 . METHODS: Both species of monkeys were challenged with aerosolized 10(5) virulent phase-I @entity4003 Henzerling strain, and clinical and serologic responses were determined. RESULTS: Radiographic changes were observed in seven of eight monkeys of both species; however, changes in @entity5434 tended to be more significant. Between 7 and 10 days after challenge, all @entity2608 and 88% of @entity5434 were bacteremic. Sequential increases in antibody responses to @entity4003 phase-I and phase-II whole cells and phase-I lipopolysaccharide were observed in both species. Although the maximal rectal temperature increase was similar in both species, duration of @entity221 was slightly longer in @entity2608 . Clinical features were similar to those described in @entity1 @entity4002 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the more pronounced radiographic changes in @entity5434 , we favor use of this species for future studies of vaccine efficacy.

title: Evaluation of cynomolgus ( @entity5434 ) and rhesus ( @entity2608 ) monkeys as experimental models of XXXX after aerosol exposure to phase-I @entity4003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['acute Q fever']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['acute Q fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term quality of life after bilateral adrenalectomy for persistent @entity699 after @entity977 resection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Bilateral adrenalectomy for symptomatic relief of persistent @entity699 appears to be an effective treatment option. However, few studies have examined long-term outcomes in this @entity1 population. METHODS: Retrospective review of 39 @entity1 treated by bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity699 from 1994 to 2004. @entity1 completed a follow-up phone survey, including our Cushing-specific questionnaire and the SF-12v2 health survey. @entity1 then refrained from taking their steroid replacement for 24 hours, and serum @entity701 and ACTH levels were measured. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died at 12, 19, and 50 months following surgery from causes unrelated to adrenalectomy. The remaining 36 @entity1 all responded to the study questionnaire (100% response rate). @entity1 were between 3 months and 10 years post-adrenalectomy. We had zero operative mortalities and a 10.3% morbidity rate. Our incidence of @entity2014 requiring clinical intervention was 8.3%; 89% of @entity1 reported an improvement in their Cushing-related symptoms, and 91.7% would undergo the same treatment again. Twenty of 36 (55%) and 29 of 36 (81%) @entity1 fell within the top two thirds of the national average for physical and mental composite scores, respectively, on the SF-12v2 survey. An undetectable serum @entity701 level was found in 79.4% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy for symptomatic @entity699 is a safe and effective treatment option. The majority of @entity1 experience considerable improvement in their @entity191 , and their quality of life equals that of @entity1 initially cured by @entity977 resection.

title: Improved quality of life after bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for XXXX : a 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease symptoms"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: The need to document cost-benefit of comprehensive work rehabilitation services represents a critical requirement for its long-term viability as a treatment option for injured workers. One approach to improving cost-benefit is to identify @entity1 who experience difficulty completing a rigorous goal-oriented treatment approach. This study examined a set of psychological, @entity158 , perceived work environment, and @entity1 expectation measures in order to determine whether such factors were associated with failure to complete rehabilitation. @entity1 (n = 168) presenting with @entity1643 who participated in a multidisciplinary work rehabilitation program (physical conditioning, work conditioning, work-related @entity158 and stress management, ergonomic consultation, and vocational counseling) were categorized into 2 groups based upon whether they completed the 4 week, 5 day per week program (n = 84) or were discharged prior to program completion (n = 84). T tests were computed for return to work expectation, @entity158 (average @entity158 intensity, fear of @entity130 ), psychological measures ( @entity2531 , dysthymia), perceived work environment (work pressure, control, supervisor support), and disability (duration of @entity717 , @entity717 , perceived disability) variables found in previous studies to affect successful rehabilitation and return to work. The discharged group was marked by lower return to work expectations, and heightened @entity2531 , @entity158 intensity, and perceived disability. In addition, this group was significantly younger and had been out of work longer. The groups did not differ on gender, marital status, ICD-9 diagnoses or perceived work environment. These findings indicate that @entity1 displaying the pattern of low return to work expectations, heightened perceived disability, @entity158 and somatic focus experience compliance problems in an intensive work rehabilitation program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors associated with early discharge from a multidisciplinary work rehabilitation program for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'physical disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: Random PCR mutagenesis was applied to the @entity4691 xylA gene encoding @entity6122 isomerase. Three cold-adapted mutants were isolated with the following @entity535 substitutions: @entity46440 , @entity46441 (M-1021), @entity46440 , @entity46442 (M-1024) and @entity46440 (M-1026). The wild-type and mutated xylA genes were cloned and expressed in @entity526 HB101 using the vector pGEM-T Easy, and their physicochemical and catalytic properties were determined. The optimum pH for @entity6122 isomerization activity for the mutants was approximately 7.0, which is similar to the wild-type enzyme. Compared with the wild-type, the mutants were active over a broader pH range. The mutants exhibited up to nine times higher catalytic rate constants (k(cat)) for @entity6122 compared with the wild-type enzyme at 60 degrees C, but they did not show any increase in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)). For @entity413 , both the k(cat) and the k(cat)/K(m) values for the mutants were increased compared with the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, the mutant enzymes exhibited up to 255 times higher inhibition constants (K(i)) for @entity8372 than the wild-type, indicating that they are less inhibited by @entity8372 . The thermal stability of the mutated enzymes was poorer than that of the wild-type enzyme. The results are discussed in terms of increased molecular flexibility of the mutant enzymes at low temperatures.

title: Cold adaptation of @entity6122 isomerase from XXXX through random PCR mutagenesis. Gene cloning and protein characterization.

entities_list: @entity6122 :: ('MESH:D014994', 'Chemical') :: ['xylose', 'd-xylose']

entities_list: @entity4691 :: ('274', 'Species') :: ['Thermus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['d-glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4691 :: (274,Species) :: ['Thermus thermophilus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity66 (3VD) have important prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity453 . However, uncertainties still exist about their prevalence and predictors in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and also in @entity1 with stable @entity301 . Thus the aim of this study was to perform an international collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the prevalence and predictors of @entity66 and 3VD. METHODS: Medline/PubMed were systematically searched for eligible studies published up to 2010, reporting multivariate predictors of @entity66 or 3VD. Study features, @entity1 characteristics, and prevalence and predictors of @entity66 and 3VD were abstracted and pooled with random-effect methods (95% CIs). RESULTS: 17 studies (22   740 @entity1 ) were included, 11 focusing on @entity1187 (17   896 @entity1 ) and six on stable @entity301 (4844 @entity1 ). In the @entity1187 subgroup, @entity66 or 3VD occurred in 20% (95% CI 7.2% to 33.4%), @entity66 in 12% (95% CI 10.5% to 13.5%), and 3VD in 25% (95% CI 23.1% to 27.0%). @entity712 at admission and extent of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR on 12-lead ECG were the most powerful predictors of @entity66 or 3VD. In the stable disease subgroup, @entity66 or 3VD was found in 36% (95% CI 18.5% to 48.8%), with the most powerful predictors being transient @entity384 during the imaging stress test, extent of ST-segment elevation in aVR and V1 during the stress test, and hyperlipidaemia. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrated that severe @entity301 -that is, @entity66 or 3VD-is more common in @entity1 with @entity1187 or stable @entity301 than generally perceived, and that simple and low-cost tools may help in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

title: Prevalence and non-invasive predictors of left main or three-vessel @entity301 : evidence from a collaborative international meta-analysis including 22 740 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Left main disease', 'LMD', 'three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic dilation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare attitudes and practices related to clinicians' use of depot @entity11796 [Depo-Provera ( @entity12135 )] and levonorgestrel implants in adolescents in three northern European countries and the United States. METHODS: Between the fall of 1993 and the winter of 1995, surveys eliciting clinician attitudes and practices with the two contraceptive methods were collected from practitioners who provide contraceptive care to teens in Sweden (n = 282), The Netherlands (n = 197), Great Britain (n = 108), and the United States (n = 548). RESULTS: Clinicians in Great Britain and the United States reported prescribing of @entity12135 , selected @entity12135 in their top three choices for contraception in teens, and had @entity1 ask about @entity12135 more frequently than clinicians in Sweden or The Netherlands (p < 0.0001). U.S. clinicians were more likely to report prescribing of the implants, list them as a top choice, and have @entity1 ask for it more frequently than were providers in the other three countries (p < 0.0001). Noncompliance with previous contraceptives was the most common indication for use of either method in this age group. "Worst fears" with @entity12135 use included @entity249 , particularly among Swedish clinicians (p < 0.0001), as was pregnancy and loss to follow-up, particularly among British clinicians (p < 0.0001). Condom nonuse was a concern associated with both methods. Breakthrough uterine bleeding was a concern related to implant use, particularly among Swedish practitioners (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Clinicians in the United States and Great Britain display more enthusiasm toward the use of the long-term @entity7828 in adolescents than do clinicians in Sweden or The Netherlands. Continuing education programs could be designed to educate clinicians to allay their concerns about these contraceptives in countries where teen pregnancy is considered a problem.

title: Depot XXXX (Depo-Provera) and levonorgestrel (Norplant) use in adolescents among clinicians in Northern Europe and the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: Individuals with a family history of @entity14 are believed to be at an increased risk of developing @entity14 . To estimate this risk and the potential yield of screening colonoscopy in this population, we recruited and prospectively colonoscoped 181 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDR) of @entity14 @entity1 and 83 asymptomatic controls (without a family history of @entity14 ). The mean ages for the FDR and control groups were 48.2 +/- 12.5 and 54.8 +/- 11.0, respectively. @entity6523 were detected in 14.4 percent of FDRs and 8.4 percent of controls. Although 92 percent of our FDRs had only one FDR afflicted with @entity694 , those subjects with two or more afflicted FDRs had an even higher risk of developing @entity1586 (23.8 percent) than those with only one afflicted FDR (13.1 percent). A greater proportion of @entity652 was found to be beyond the reach of flexible sigmoidoscopy in the FDR group than in the controls (48 percent vs. 25 percent, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, male sex, and FDR status were independent risk factors for the presence of colonic @entity6523 (RR = 2.32, 2.86, and 3.49, respectively; P less than 0.001). Those at greatest risk for harboring an asymptomatic @entity1586 are male FDRs over the age of 50 (40 percent vs. 20 percent for age-matched male controls). Based on probability curves, males with one FDR afflicted with @entity694 appear to have an increased risk of developing a @entity1586 beginning at 40 years of age. Our results document, for the first time, an increased prevalence of colonoscopically detectable @entity652 in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of @entity694 @entity1 , as compared with asymptomatic controls, and support the use of colonoscopy as a routine screening tool in this high-risk group.

title: Colonoscopic screening for neoplasms in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of @entity694 XXXX . A controlled, prospective study.

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas', 'colonic adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 74-year-old @entity1 who had been @entity28 since age 18. Her @entity28 was refractory to dietary manipulation. She had been suffering from increasing @entity1353 for several months and eventually could not even move. She was admitted to a hospital and diagnosed as having @entity712 . Although her cardiac function recovered with medical treatment, her symptoms did not improve. The @entity1 was then sent to our hospital. On admission, her height and weight were 149 cm and 81.9 kg, respectively, yielding a body mass index (BMI) of 36.6 kg/m2. Arterial blood gas analysis in room air revealed @entity519 and an @entity386 index of 27 per hour. She was given a daily 500-1000 kcal diet. After four months of treatment, her weight decreased to 65 kg with a BMI of 29.3 kg/m2. Weight reduction together with the usage of @entity1420 -derivatives resulted in marked @entity387 . The @entity386 index decreased to 3/h and arterial blood gas values normalized. This @entity1 seemed to have suffered from both @entity22871 and @entity387 . Improvement of respiratory function was achieved through relief of @entity1224 and @entity353 , with activation of the respiratory center due to @entity1420 treatment.

title: [Improvement of respiratory function with XXXX in @entity28 elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome', 'improvement of sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity22871 :: ('MESH:D010845', 'Disease') :: ['obesity hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The established treatment for @entity151 has been a @entity900 - @entity2879 combination, as the most effective chemotherapy regimen. @entity1311 has also been used in combination with @entity900 and @entity2879 but this has been unacceptable due to the @entity137 . This @entity137 could be attributed to the three consequent days of treatment with @entity2879 plus the doses of each of the three drugs. Our objectives were to determine an equal or longer survival and lower @entity137 by administering all 3 drugs with low dosage on day one, compared to the established guideline of 3-day administration. METHODS: We tested the aforementioned three-drug combination and avoided the @entity137 in the majority of @entity1 by administering all 3 drugs on day one. Fifty-one @entity1 (50 evaluable) were recruited from 4 oncology clinics. All @entity1 had histologically or cytologically confirmed @entity151 with limited and extensive disease in 40 and 60 % of the @entity1 , respectively. The treatment was: @entity900 75 mg/m(2), @entity2879 120 mg/m(2) (maximum 200 mg), and @entity1311 135 mg/m(2). The agents were administered on day one and repeated every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. RESULTS: The median survival was 15 months (95 % CI 13.6-16.4) (mean 16 months). Forty-five (90 %) @entity1 achieved a response: 20 (40 %) @entity1 , a complete response and 25 (50 %), a partial response. Adverse reactions included grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 12 and 2 % of the @entity1 , respectively. Other side effects were of very low @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The 1-day, three-agent ( @entity900 - @entity2879 - @entity1311 ) treatment of @entity151 is beneficial with respect to response rate and survival, and the @entity137 is low and well-tolerated.

title: Combination of three cytotoxic agents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment with @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) derivatives is one of the main principles in the therapy of uncomplicated mild to moderate @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The beneficial effect of @entity3504 in the treatment of @entity29 is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties within the inflamed gut. The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity3504 also modulates intestinal epithelial wound repair in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effects of @entity3504 on cell migration and proliferation, two key processes in @entity33 , were studied in the non-transformed small-intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 using an in vitro wounding model and colorimetric @entity98 assays. Furthermore, the effects of @entity3504 on epithelial cell viability were determined by Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: Clinically relevant concentrations of @entity3504 caused a significant dose-dependent enhancement of epithelial cell migration and proliferation in vitro. An about 2-fold enhancement of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration was observed for pharmacological doses of 100 microg/ml @entity3504 . Neutralizing antibodies against @entity1810 did not modulate @entity3504 effects on IEC-6 cell proliferation and migration, indicating that the effects of @entity3504 were @entity1810 independent. @entity3460 viability tests and cell cycle analysis did not reveal any toxic or apoptotic effects of pharmacological @entity3504 concentrations on IEC-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3504 promotes the rapid re-establishment of mucosal integrity in vitro by enhancing epithelial restitution and proliferation, suggesting that @entity3504 in addition to the well-characterized effects on the intestinal inflammatory cascade may also directly stimulate epithelial wound healing.

title: @entity2983 promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing in vitro through a XXXX -independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric inpatients with @entity497 may experience inadequate @entity158 and symptom management. Research regarding potential variation in care among @entity1 with and without @entity497 is hampered because existing pediatric databases do not include information about @entity1 communication ability per se, even though these data sets do contain information about diagnoses and medical interventions that are probably correlated with the probability of @entity497 . Our objective was to develop and evaluate a classification model to identify @entity1 in a large administrative database likely to be communication impaired. METHODS: Our sample included 236 hospitalized @entity1 aged >= 12 months whose ability to communicate about @entity158 had been assessed. We randomly split this sample into development (n = 118) and validation (n = 118) sets. A priori, we developed a set of specific diagnoses, technology dependencies, procedures, and medications recorded in the Pediatric Health Information System likely to be strongly associated with @entity497 . We used logistic regression modeling to calculate the probability of @entity497 for each @entity1 in the development set, assessed the model performance, and evaluated the performance of the 11-variable model in the validation set. RESULTS: In the validation sample, the classification model showed excellent classification accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.92; sensitivity 82.6%; 95% confidence interval, 74%-100%; specificity 86.3%; 95% confidence interval, 80%-97%). For the complete sample, the predicted probability of @entity497 demonstrated excellent calibration with the observed @entity497 status. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized pediatric @entity1 with @entity497 can be accurately identified in a large hospital administrative database.

title: Identifying Communication-Impaired Pediatric XXXX Using Detailed Hospital Administrative Data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']