abstract: @entity1319 in 20 schizophrenics, 18 @entity1 with @entity75 (9 right-sided and 9 left-sided) and 20 normal controls were examined with an eye mark recorder while they viewed stationary S-shaped figures. The eye movements made during the subject's first 15-s viewing of an original figure were analyzed. @entity1 with @entity75 ( @entity6470 ) and schizophrenics (S) had lower scores than normal controls (NC) for the number of eye fixations, @entity735 and mean eye scanning length. Each subject was then shown two other figures slightly different from the original and was requested to compare them with the original. After comparing them, the subject was asked the question, "Are there any other differences?" The eye movements made over the ensuing 5 s in response to this question were scored using the @entity6372 ( @entity6372 ). The @entity6372 was low only in the S group. The subject was also asked to reproduce the original figure before and after making comparisons between the figures. The @entity6470 and S groups were poorer at reproduction than the NC group. These findings suggest that there is disordered function of the @entity75 in @entity161 , and that @entity161 is due not only to localized damage to one part of the brain but to more widespread damage.

title: @entity1319 in @entity161 @entity1 and XXXX with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobe', 'right frontal lobe lesions', 'frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['total eye scanning length']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['RSS', 'responsive search score']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Exploratory eye movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document and discuss the broad phenotypic variability in a Portuguese family with @entity6447 , @entity2704 caused by missense mutation c.1748 ( @entity52052 ) in the @entity10598 gene. DESIGN: Observational 12-year follow-up study. SETTING: Community and hospital care. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 in a 4-generation family were identified in 1998 in a population-based survey. The follow-up revealed 28 @entity1 (25 of whom were observed) and 32 unaffected relatives with an a priori risk of 50%. RESULTS: Four major phenotypes ( @entity2795 , transient focal @entity51 without @entity10 , @entity772 triggered by minor @entity542 , and slowly progressive @entity6447 ) were present in various combinations. The initial manifestation was @entity2055 in 16 @entity1 and a transient episode in 12 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 did not have @entity2704 , and 11 showed only @entity2055 . The c.1748 ( @entity52052 ) mutation in @entity10598 was confirmed in all 23 of the @entity1 who were tested but was not found in any of the 27 adult relatives. The @entity10598 CAG repeat expansion was excluded. CONCLUSIONS: A unique missense mutation in the @entity10598 gene, which exhibits a very high penetrance and expressivity, may present a phenotypic spectrum that is broader than current descriptions. @entity74 can behave as complex traits, which reinforces the importance of genetic modifiers in the tightly regulated function of P/Q-type @entity460 channels. The clinical spectrum of missense mutation @entity10598 -related disorders is much broader than strictly familial @entity2795 .

title: XXXX , @entity2795 , and related phenotypes due to a @entity10598 missense mutation: 12-year follow-up of a large Portuguese family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with multiple auras', 'hemiplegic migraine']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'hemiplegic migraine, and related syndromes']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Single-gene disorders']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines do not define the lower severity threshold for thrombolysis. In this study, we describe the variability of treatment of mild @entity64 @entity1 across a network of academic @entity64 centers. METHODS: @entity64 centers within the Specialized Program of Translational Research in @entity64 (SPOTRIAS) prospectively collect data on @entity1 treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA), including demographics, pretreatment National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores, and in-hospital mortality. We examined the variability in proportion of total tissue plasminogen activator-treated @entity1 in the NIHSS categories (0-3, 4-5, or >=  6) and associated outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 2514 @entity1 with reported NIHSS scores were treated with IV rt-PA between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009. The proportion of @entity1 with mild @entity64 (NIHSS scores of 0-3) who were treated with IV rt-PA varied substantially across the centers (2.7-18.0%; P < .001). There were 5 deaths in the 256 treated with an NIHSS score of 0-3 (2.0%). The proportion of treated @entity1 across the network with an NIHSS score of 0 to 3 increased from 4.8% in 2005 to 10.7% in 2009 (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variability in the proportion of treated @entity1 who have mild @entity64 across the SPOTRIAS centers, reflecting a paucity of data on how to best treat @entity1 with mild @entity64 . Randomized trial data for this group of @entity1 are needed to clarify the use of rt-PA in @entity1 with the mildest strokes.

title: Variability in the use of intravenous thrombolysis for mild XXXX : experience across the SPOTRIAS network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Acute Stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: To determine the effects of @entity2400 -pretreatment on @entity2900 -induced complications (serum @entity972 rise, @entity2901 and @entity386 ). Eighty-four adult @entity1 were selected and randomly allocated into two study groups during induction of general endotracheal anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was facilitated with @entity2900 in group A, while in group B @entity2400 pretreatment and @entity2900 . Blood sample for serum @entity972 estimation was taken before induction and at 5 min after induction. Degree of @entity2901 and duration of @entity386 were assessed clinically. Anaesthetic technique and monitoring of @entity1 was standardized. This study showed statistically significant increase in serum @entity972 of Group A @entity1 {average 0.34 mmol/L} from baseline value p value 0.00. @entity2400 pretreatment significantly reduced @entity2900 -induced hyperkalaemia by an average of 0.3 mmol/L (p-value 0.01). The severity of @entity2901 was also significantly reduced (p-value 0.00). There was no significant effect of @entity1760 pretreatment on duration of @entity386 during endotracheal intubation (p-value 0.41). Fourteen point six percent (14.6%) of @entity1 that received @entity1760 pretreatment complained of feeling of heat or warmth but there was no life threatening dysrrhythmias observed in any of the eighteen @entity1 that had continuous ECG monitoring. The study shows that @entity2400 pretreatment has significantly reduced @entity2900 -induced hyperkalaemia and severity of @entity2901 during induction of general endotracheal anaesthesia, however there was no significant effect on the duration of @entity386 . The average of 0.034 mmol/L in Group B was not significant {p value 0.06}. We advocate the use of @entity1760 pretreatment in all @entity1 at risk of these complications.

title: The effects of @entity2400 -pretreatment on XXXX -induced complications during induction of general endotracheal anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium-Sulphate', 'magnesium sulphate', 'Magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Suxamethonium', 'suxamethonium']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['suxamethonium']


abstract: @entity1 with trisomy 21 [Down syndrome (DS)] progressively develop amyloid beta-protein ( @entity477 ) deposits and then other features of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), apparently due to increased gene dosage and thus expression of the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Because the neuropathological phenotype in older DS subjects closely resembles that of @entity195 , the examination of DS brains of increasing age provides a unique model of the progression of @entity195 . Here, we characterized the deposition of several @entity477 peptides and @entity2204 in @entity406 -fixed brain sections from 29 DS subjects between 3 and 73 years old. @entity527 and the percentage of cortical area they occupied were quantified by computerized image analysis. @entity477 ending at @entity535 42 ( @entity477 42) was the earliest form of @entity477 deposited in DS cortex. It was observed in 7 of 16 young (3-30 years) subjects, with the earliest deposition occurring at age 12. @entity477 ending at residue 40 ( @entity477 40) was not detected until approximately age 30, a time when degenerating @entity527 around @entity477 immunoreactive (IR) plaques were first observed, and the frequency of @entity477 40 IR plaques then rose with age. Even in old (51-73 years) DS subjects, @entity477 42 IR plaques were always more abundant than @entity477 40 IR plaques. @entity477 peptides starting at @entity492 1 or @entity27883 3 were detected in small subsets of compacted, @entity527 beginning around age 30 and rose with age, the latter species always exceeding the former. Thus, the N-termini of the @entity477 42 peptides abundantly deposited in very young DS subjects remain unknown. @entity2204 was detectable in a small subset of @entity477 42 IR plaques beginning at age 12 and rose steadily with age; it clearly followed the deposition of @entity477 . Our analysis of very young DS brains suggests that @entity527 formation begins with @entity477 42-ending peptides, and the number and percentage of cortical area of @entity477 42 plaques increase very little with advancing age, while other heterogeneous @entity477 species and @entity2204 progressively accrue onto plaques containing @entity477 42.

title: Sequence of deposition of heterogeneous amyloid beta-peptides and XXXX in Down syndrome: implications for initial events in @entity527 formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid plaque', 'Amyloid plaque number', 'neuritic plaques', 'neurites']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'Apo E']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity27883 :: ('MESH:D011761', 'Chemical') :: ['pyroglutamate']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APO E']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of oral @entity9213 with intravenous (i.v.) @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity309 received @entity1500 15 mg i.v. in the absence of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and after one week in the presence of steady state levels of @entity9213 . Plasma concentrations of @entity1500 and @entity9213 were determined using validated high performance liquid chromatography methods. One @entity1 did not complete the study. The interaction of @entity9213 and @entity1500 was examined by equivalence testing. The endpoints AUCMTX, VssMTX, CltotMTX, and CmaxMTX were analyzed parametrically, whereas endpoints MRTMTX, Cltot @entity1500 , t1/2 @entity1500 , and tmaxMTX were analyzed nonparametrically. RESULTS: The @entity1500 plasma concentrations over time, with and without @entity9213 , did not differ significantly. The point estimator for the ratio of log transformed data of the primary endpoint AUCMTX was 108%; the lower 95% confidence limit was 100% and the upper 95% confidence limit was 117%. Clinical laboratory values and adverse events revealed no increased @entity1500 @entity137 during concomitant treatment with @entity9213 . CONCLUSION: In this short term interaction study there was no statistically significantly effect of @entity9213 on the pharmacokinetics of @entity1500 . The combination of @entity1500 and @entity9213 did not lead to increased @entity1500 @entity137 .

title: Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction of @entity9213 with @entity1499 in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Multimodality evoked potentials (EPs), linear electroencephalograms and Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores were recorded within 24 h of @entity1167 in 62 @entity1 who were @entity772 following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The @entity1167 had a cardiac cause in 35 @entity1 and a non-cardiac cause in 27 @entity1 . The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were established 6 months after resuscitation. The prognostic value of all the recorded variables was calculated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Spearman's rank test was also used for the determination of the correlation coefficients with GOS. EP recordings furnished no falsely pessimistic predictions, with a specificity of 100%. In other words, when EPs were altered, the prognosis was always poor. However, while all @entity1 who regained consciousness had normal EPs, not all @entity1 in whom EPs were recordable survived. The GCS score showed a higher sensitivity and correlation with GOS score than EPs, but it was associated with a high percentage of false positive results, and its specificity was only 67%. The combination of the GCS score with EPs may be a promising strategy to counterbalance the respective limits of these methods and to reduce the loss of information due to sedation and myorelaxation, which impede clinical examination but not EP results.

title: What is the best test to predict outcome after prolonged XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: @entity4383 growth factor beta ( @entity641 ) is a cytokine with immunoregulatory properties that acts negatively on T lymphocyte proliferation. However, with the EL 4-6.1 variant of the @entity19 thymoma EL 4 activated with @entity4621 and/or @entity5003 ), we recently found that it up-regulates @entity3783 ( @entity3783 ) expression. Since EL 4-6.1 cells share phenotypic and functional characteristics with the immature thymic subset lacking @entity1961 and CD8 accessory molecules (DN), we investigated the effect of @entity641 on the @entity3783 55kD alpha chain expression and proliferation of activated DN cells and especially in DN cells that do not express @entity5168 . We observed that @entity641 was able to increase both the percentage of @entity5168 -DN cells expressing @entity3783 chains and the expression of @entity3783 chain in these cells. This stimulatory effect of @entity641 was distal from early transduction events. In addition, @entity641 was found to modulate @entity5168 -DN cell proliferation. During differentiation in the thymus, @entity5168 -DN cells transiently express the @entity3783 chain of the @entity3783 and these @entity3783 + @entity5168 -DN cells are preprogrammed to down-regulate the @entity3783 chain and up-regulate the @entity1961 and CD8 accessory molecule. We thus also tested the effect of @entity641 on @entity3783 chain expression in these in vitro differentiating @entity5168 -DN cells. We found that @entity641 neither significantly affected @entity3783 expression nor changed @entity1961 or CD8 expression. Hence, in @entity5168 -DN cells, the effect of @entity641 on @entity3783 expression seems to be restricted to proliferating cells.

title: Contrasting effect of XXXX ( @entity641 ) on proliferation and interleukin-2 receptor expression in activated and rapidly cycling immature ( @entity5168 - @entity1961 -CD8-) thymocytes.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor type beta 1']


abstract: AIMS: To use continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGMS) to compare @entity413 profiles in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 following injection of @entity2690 into an area affected by lipohypertrophy vs. an area not affected by lipohypertrophy. METHODS: Eight @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 underwent 72 h of CGMS while following a standardized diet and injecting all @entity2690 either into an area with or without lipohypertrophy. @entity1 underwent two testing periods in random order, separated by 4 days. On day 1 of each test subjects were admitted for measurement of @entity2690 and plasma @entity413 levels immediately prior to, and hourly for 4 h following, a standardized lunch. RESULTS: @entity2690 area under the curve (AUC)(0-4 h) was similar for both test periods; 656; interquartile range (IQR): 518-1755 (normal tissue) vs. 602; IQR: 382-1436 (lipohypertrophic tissue), z = 1.7, p = 0.09. There was also no difference in the median time to maximal @entity2690 concentration (Time(max) 2 h; IQR: 2-3 h; z = 0.6; p = 0.6). There was a 37.5% increase in mean plasma @entity413 levels following a standardized meal; however this was not significant between sites (AUC(0-4 h)t = -1.7; p = 0.1). Moreover, there was no difference in CGMS profiles (AUC(1-72 h)t = -0.9; p = 0.4) across the 72-h monitoring period. Overall the prevalence of hypoglycaemia (CGMS readings < 4 mmol/l) was similar between injection sites (11.6 vs. 10.6%, p = 0.1). CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of injecting into lipohypertrophic tissue is small in comparison to the usual clinical variation observed with @entity2690 injections.

title: Lipohypertrophy: does it matter in daily life? A study using a continuous XXXX monitoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although a daily supplement of 400 micrograms @entity1501 has been shown to prevent @entity601 ( @entity601 ), most @entity1 do not take the recommended supplement. Thus, food fortification is to be introduced in the USA and is being considered in the UK. Because of safety concerns, the USA has chosen a level of fortification that will increase the average @entity1 's intake by only 100 micrograms. Such an increase, although safe, may be ineffective; but a trial to assess its efficacy would be unethical. Because @entity1 with red-cell @entity1501 concentrations above 400 micrograms/L have a very low risk of @entity601 , we undertook a randomised trial of several @entity1501 doses to find out how much is needed to reach this protective concentration. METHODS: We screened 323 @entity1 . 172 with red-cell @entity1501 between 150 micrograms/L and 400 micrograms/L were invited to take part in the trial. 121 @entity1 were randomly assigned placebo or 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 400 micrograms daily of additional @entity1501 . Compliance was monitored by having the @entity1 sign a dated sheet when taking the tablet. 95 @entity1 completed the 6-month study. FINDINGS: There were significant increases in red-cell @entity1501 in all @entity1501 groups. The placebo group showed no significant change. The median incremental changes and median post-treatment concentrations were 67 micrograms/L (95% CI 43-120) and 375 micrograms/L (354-444) in the 100 micrograms/day group, 130 micrograms/L (108-184) and 475 micrograms/L (432-503) in the 200 micrograms/day group, and 200 micrograms/L (125-312) and 571 micrograms/L (481-654) in the 400 micrograms/day group. INTERPRETATION: A fortification programme that delivered 400 micrograms @entity1501 daily to @entity1 would protect against @entity601 , but at the expense of unnecessarily high exposure for many @entity1 . Delivery of 200 micrograms daily is also effective against @entity601 and safer for the general population. Based on projections from the positive @entity1501 balance in the group that received 100 micrograms daily, this dose taken continually, as it will be in fortified food, will also produce an important decrease in @entity601 .

title: Minimum effective dose of @entity1501 for food fortification to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'people']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural-tube defects', 'NTD']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural-tube defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, aetiology and clinical pattern of childhood @entity302 in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. METHODS: A review of hospital records of @entity1 managed for @entity302 at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic. Data studied included the age at presentation, sex, socio-economic class, probable aetiology, clinical type of @entity410 , Electroencephalopgraphic (EEG) pattern and presence of other @entity16 co-existing with @entity410 . RESULTS: Out of 183 @entity1 , 138 had @entity302 giving a prevalence of 75.4%. Sixty nine (54.7%) were aged 6 months to 3 years at the first visit and 115 (69.9%) belonged to lower socio-economic classes IV and V. @entity600 47 (37.3%) and @entity75 in 28 (21.9%) were the leading aetiologies. Generalized @entity410 , complex partial @entity410 and @entity410 occurred in 55 (76.9%), 8 (6.3%) and 2 (4.8%) @entity1 respectively. Inter-ictal EEG abnormalities were recorded among 72/77 @entity1 . @entity410 co-existed with other @entity51 in 86 (68.3%) of all @entity302 cases. 95 (75.4%) @entity1 had defaulted from the clinic as at the time of the study. 21 (19.6%) had poor response to drug treatment. Presence of other @entity16 (p = 0.029) and multiple aetiologies (p = 0.0000) were associated with poor response to drug treatment. CONCLUSION: Most cases of childhood @entity302 in Sagamu, Nigeria are due to preventable perinatal and neonatal conditions. Therefore, improved obstetric and neonatal care may reduce the prevalence of this condition.

title: Pattern of childhood XXXX in Sagumu, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'rolandic seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain infections']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of surgery for @entity16453 is to remove the atretic plate completely and to assure long-term patency. We evaluated the effectiveness and results of endoscopic transnasal approach in the treatment of @entity16453 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included eight @entity1 (1 male, 7 females; mean age 25.8 years; range 17 to 53 years) who were treated with endoscopic transnasal approach for @entity16453 . One @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The diagnosis was based on findings of physical examination, endoscopic examination, and computed tomography. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to four years. RESULTS: Only one @entity1 developed @entity3885 which was reconstructed with mushroom-head forceps at a subsequent operation. One @entity1 died from @entity66 ( @entity5 ). The remaining @entity1 became symptom-free. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transnasal approach for the treatment of @entity16453 is a safe procedure, with a high success rate and low morbidity, enabling detailed evaluation of the anatomic structure.

title: [Transnasal endoscopic approach in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['partial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: In a study covering 85% of the population of Hong Kong, 39% of all @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , i.e. 103 individuals (54 @entity1 and 49 @entity1 ) were found to have had @entity1737 with onset before puberty. Two @entity1 had transient neonatal @entity1737 , 20 had early onset juvenile @entity1737 and 81 had late onset juvenile @entity1737 . @entity1737 occurred in 71% of @entity1 and the remainder had generalised @entity1737 . The median age at onset was 4 years. Complete remission occurred in 34 @entity1 (34%), a good response in 14 (14%), and fair response in 32 (32%). The clinical course remained static in 16 @entity1 (16%) and 3 @entity1 deteriorated. Two @entity1 died, 1 with @entity3935 and the other with @entity3935 . All @entity1 , except 2 with neonatal @entity1737 , were initially treated with anticholinesterase, but 24% also required @entity134 therapy. Thymectomy was performed for 12 @entity1 , of whom 5 (42%) showed marked improvement. Thymic histology was normal in 3, showed @entity1373 in 6, @entity3 in 1 and involution in 2. The most commonly associated disease was @entity2743 which occurred in 7 @entity1 (7%).

title: XXXX in Hong Kong Chinese. 2. Paediatric disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic crisis', 'myasthenic crisis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis', 'Restricted ocular MG']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['non-invasive thymoma']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia gravis']


abstract: A case of @entity18227 is reported in a male renal transplant recipient with a nodular lesion in the right leg who was treated with immunosuppressing drugs. The lesion consisted of a @entity45 with thick walls. The cyst was excised surgically, and the @entity1 did not receive any antifungal therapy. One year later he remains well. Histological study of the lesion showed a granulomatous reaction of epithelioid and multinucleate giant cells, with a central area of @entity39 and pus. Fontana-Masson staining demonstrated the presence of pigmented hyphal elements. The fungus Colletotrichum crassipes was grown in different cultures from the cyst. The in vitro inhibitory activities of eight antifungal drugs against the isolate were tested. @entity1449 and @entity54130 were the most active drugs. This case represents the first known reported @entity281 caused by this rare species.

title: XXXX caused by Colletotrichum crassipes.

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['Clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['purulent cyst']

entities_list: @entity18227 :: ('MESH:D060446', 'Disease') :: ['phaeohyphomycosis']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['Phaeohyphomycotic cyst']


abstract: A retrospective review was performed on 357 @entity1 with early stage I-IIIA operable @entity0 who were treated with mastectomy and referred to the clinic at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between Jan 1991 and Dec 2001. @entity1 characteristics, treatment modalities and pattern of local and regional failure were evaluated. The median and mean age in the present study were 49 and 50.2 years, respectively. Stage I, II and IIIA were 10.9%, 79.6% and 9.5%, respectively. One hundred and ninety-seven @entity1 (55.2%) received postoperative @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was given in 247 @entity1 (69.2%) while 122 @entity1 (34.2%) received adjuvant hormonal therapy. Sixty one @entity1 (17.1%) received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. However, 12.6% (45/357) did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Median follow up time was 42.6 months (range 6-136 months). Ipsilateral supraclavicular node and chest wall were the most common sites of local-regional recurrence. The chest wall recurrence rate was 10.4% (37/357), which was 16.9% (27/160) in the non postoperative @entity1161 (No @entity1161 ) group and 5.1% (10/197) in the postoperative @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) group. For ispilateral supraclavicular node, the recurrence rate was 10.6% (38/357), which was 15.6% (25/160) and 6.6% (13/197) for non @entity1161 and @entity1161 groups, respectively. The incidence of @entity717 , ipsilateral internal mammary node and ipsilateral infraclavicular node recurrence rate were 4.2%, 3.6% and 0.8%, respectively. Overall, chest wall and ipsilateral supraclavicular node were the most common sites of local-regional recurrence in early stage operable @entity0 who underwent mastectomy Postoperative adjuvant @entity1161 decreased the risk of local-regional recurrence.

title: Pattern of local-regional recurrence in @entity1 with early XXXX after mastectomy: an analysis of 357 cases at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral axilla']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT', 'radiation']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical manifestations and treatment of @entity447 A in a @entity1 with @entity890 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Acquired @entity447 is a rare but potentially life-threatening @entity6243 . It is caused by the development of autoantibodies directed @entity3459 @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) in adults or elderly @entity1 , who do not have a personal or family history of @entity548 episodes. The mortality is high if the diagnosis was missed or delays, especially after a surgery. METHODS: A case was investigated retrospectively and the relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS: A 59-year-old @entity1 with a 1-year history of @entity615 was admitted to the hospital. He has no family medical history of @entity447 and the routine laboratory examination did not find abnormality on @entity1003 function. He underwent decompression by laminectomy and discectomy. Seven hours after operation, it was found that the incision was oozing profusely and hemoglobin was reduced gradually, though platelet count was within the normal range. He was diagnosed with acquired @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) deficiency based on a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time (61.0 seconds), reduced @entity2801 activity (4.2%), and @entity2801 inhibitor (8 BU). After treatment with hemodynamic stabilization and immunosuppression therapies (including transfusion of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate) and administration of human antihemophilic globulin, @entity228 , and @entity786 , @entity548 was stopped gradually. The clinical and biologic condition of the @entity1 improved, though @entity51 was left. CONCLUSION: Surgical operation may be a factor contributing to @entity447 A, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. Diagnosis of @entity447 requires clinical acumen and any @entity1 who presents with @entity548 and a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time should be considered. Initial hemodynamic stabilization followed by treatment with immunosuppressive therapy is straightforward and highly successful.

title: Acquired @entity447 in a @entity1 with XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['F VIII', 'FVIII', 'factor VIII']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['acquired hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['against coagulation']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back and leg pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: conventional wisdom suggests that increased socioeconomic resources should be related to better health. Considering the body of evidence demonstrating the significant association between racial discrimination and @entity308 , we examined whether exposure to racial discrimination could attenuate the positive effects of increased levels of socioeconomic position (SEP) among African Americans. Specifically, this paper investigated the joint interactive effects of SEP and racial discrimination on the odds of @entity308 among African Americans. METHODS: racial discrimination was measured using two measures, major and everyday discrimination. Study objectives were achieved using data from the National Survey of American Life, which included a nationally representative sample of African Americans (n =3570). @entity2357 models were used to estimate the effects of SEP and racial discrimination on the odds of @entity308 . RESULTS: reports of racial discrimination were associated with increased risk of @entity308 among American African @entity1 who possessed greater levels of education and income. Among African American @entity1 , significant, positive interactions were observed between education and experiences of major discrimination, which were associated with greater odds of @entity308 (P = 0.02). Additionally, there were positive interactions between income and both measures of racial discrimination (income x everyday discrimination, P = 0.013; income x major discrimination, P = 0.02), which were associated with increased odds of @entity308 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: it is possible that experiences of racial discrimination could, in part, diminish the effects of increased SEP among African American @entity1 .

title: Are benefits conferred with greater socioeconomic position undermined by racial discrimination among African American XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with incurable malignant @entity1084 and @entity1448 , laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy combined with endoscopic biliary stent placement seems to offer a minimally invasive palliation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 16 @entity1 submitted to laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy was performed as an antecolic, side-to-side gastrojejunostomy with enteroenterostomy. In 12 @entity1 @entity1448 was relieved preoperatively by stent placement via endoscopy (n = 6, 37.5%), percutaneous access (n = 5, 31%) or bilioenteric @entity254 (n = 1, 6.25%). One @entity1 needed a percutaneous Yamakawa prosthesis postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 126 min. There were no intraoperative complications. In one @entity1 conversion to open surgery became necessary because of extensive adhesions. The only postoperative complication was @entity548 from a trocar site requiring reintervention; there was no mortality. Median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. @entity356 was observed in 3 (18.7%) @entity1 . Median survival was 87 days after the operation. All @entity1 died from their primary disease but could maintain oral intake during the remaining survival time. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic or percutaneous biliary stenting provide a good functional result while impairing the quality of life only to a minimal extent.

title: Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic biliary stent placement for palliation of incurable @entity1084 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The "ideal" timing and modality of @entity174 fixation for unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures in multiply injured @entity1 remains controversial. The concept of "damage control orthopedics" ( @entity16 ), which has evolved globally in the past decade, provides a safe guidance for @entity174 in multisystem @entity130 . In contrast, "damage control" concepts for unstable spine injuries have not been widely implemented, and the scarce literature in the field remains largely anecdotal. The current practice standards are reflected by two distinct positions, either (1) immediate "early total care" or (2) delayed spine fixation after recovery from associated injuries. Both concepts have inherent risks which may contribute to adverse outcome. PRESENTATION OF HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that the concept of "spine damage control" - consisting of immediate posterior @entity174 reduction and instrumentation, followed by scheduled 360 degrees completion fusion during a physiological "time-window of opportunity" - will be associated with less complications and improved outcomes of @entity1230 @entity1 with unstable thoracolumbar fractures, compared to conventional treatment strategies. TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS: We propose a prospective multicenter trial on a large cohort of multiply injured @entity1 with an associated unstable thoracolumbar @entity174 . @entity1 will be assigned to one of three distinct study arms: (1) Immediate @entity174 fixation within 24 hours of admission; (2) Delayed @entity174 fixation at > 3 days after admission; (3) "Spine damage control" procedure by posterior reduction and instrumentation within 24 hours of admission, followed by anterior 360 degrees completion fusion at > 3 days after admission, if indicated. The primary and secondary endpoints include length of ventilator-free days, length of ICU and hospital stay, mortality, incidence of complications, @entity16 and functional recovery. IMPLICATIONS OF HYPOTHESIS: A "spine damage control" protocol may save lives and improve outcomes in severely injured @entity1 with associated spine injuries.

title: Advocating "spine damage control" as a safe and effective treatment modality for unstable thoracolumbar fractures in @entity1230 XXXX : a hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['definitive (anterior and/or posterior) fracture', 'temporary external fixation of long bone or pelvic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological status', 'DCO']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are due to various infective agents, mainly represented by beta-hemolytic group B Streptococcus. The perinatal disease related to this @entity281 is distinguished in Early-onset, characterised by @entity55 and @entity295 , and Late-onset which leads to @entity295 , @entity693 and @entity55 . Various strategies were therefore proposed to prevent transmission including immunisation and chemoprophylaxis. All these methods however present adverse effects and are most of all expensive to carry out. Taha et al. reported an interesting experience regarding the reduction of @entity281 following the cleansing of the birth canal with a solution of @entity1216 0.25% during labour (1996-1997). It seemed interesting for us to assess the applicability and efficacy of a new strategy of prophylaxis of @entity281 in a Developing Country based on the association of two of the simple strategies proposed i.e.: cleansing the birth canal with @entity1216 and chemoprophylaxis in cases with risk factors without culture screening. We studied two groups of @entity1 : one in which cleansing of the birth canal was used and the second (control group) in which the old method already applied in the hospital (i.e. cleansing of the external genitals with @entity14942 1%+ @entity1216 0.1%) was carried out associated with antibiotic therapy when risk factors arose. We observed a total absence of neonatal mortality due to @entity295 resulting from the association of the methods suggested even though the presence of @entity295 evaluated through signs and symptoms like fever, poor feeding, apnoea or dyspnoea in newborns was similar in both groups.

title: [Lavage of the birth canal with @entity1216 : a new valid method for the prevention of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'perinatal infections']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetrimide']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['perinatal infections']


abstract: Sex @entity134 hormones ( @entity172 , progestagens and @entity3800 ) have been associated with healthy and neoplastic pancreatic biology, although the precise significance of the findings has not been well established. Receptors for the three different types of SSH are expressed in normal and tumoral pancreatic tissue with varying profiles related to cell origin (exocrine or endocrine), to type of @entity5 , and probably even to @entity146 . The activity of specific enzymes involved in the synthesis and transformation of SSH are increased in some neoplastic pancreatic tissues, which may influence the circulating concentrations of these hormones, such as the low serum @entity251 : @entity586 ratio described in male @entity1 with @entity3123 . Different patterns of age and gender-related incidence and growth of @entity5 have been identified. Experimental studies have shown that pancreatic @entity105 is promoted or inhibited by SSH. At present, the data supporting hormonal manipulation for the treatment of these @entity5 are non-conclusive. Normal and tumoral pancreatic tissues may be regarded as a target for SSH and an additional site of biosynthesis. The influence of these hormones on physiological activities is not well known but should be further explored. The study of SSH in @entity788 will provide clues about its origin, development, @entity146 , prognosis and more specific hormonal therapy. We review here the evidence favoring the role of SSH and their possible clinical implications in pancreatic function.

title: Pancreas: a sex XXXX -dependent tissue.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic x-ray @entity1909 in professionals is a frequent problem for doctors in our country due to the fact that many of them widely used radiotherapy without any protection 15-20 years ago. Surgery has been the most accepted treatment, though it generally decreases hand function. OBJECTIVE: Up to now, cryosurgery was not usually considered as a possible treatment if the lesions were located on fingers. In this study, the advantages of cryosurgery for the treatment of professional @entity20787 with @entity75 are emphasized. METHODS: Cryosurgery was performed on six @entity1 affected with chronic professional @entity20787 that showed @entity9284 and @entity1066 , using both spray ( @entity9284 ) and a probe 0.5 cm in diameter ( @entity1066 , in @entity957 ). Nerve block anesthesia with @entity10541 1% was used in all cases. Before the treatment, all suspected lesions were biopsied; if invasive @entity957 was revealed in the dermatopathological study, the @entity1 was rejected. Variables such as blister and @entity39 formation, @entity158 , and achromatic, sensibility, and @entity74 were studied. The follow-up period was 2 years. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative results showed great @entity158 and blistering in all cases. Residual achromias were observed early postoperatively in all cases, but were repigmented 1 year after therapy in four cases (66%). Sensory alterations (hypo- and hyperthesias) were found in four cases (66%) 1 month after treatment, although this complication was not observed 6 months after treatment. Finger mobility was perfect in all cases 2 months after treatment, and there was no recurrence in any case after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We believe cryosurgery must be considered as an excellent treatment for professional @entity20787 with @entity9284 , @entity1066 , and @entity957 . Its use may prevent further dramatic surgical treatment, like amputations, allowing the preservation of finger function.

title: Cryosurgical treatment of professional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['incipient pretumoral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'situ squamous cell carcinoma', 'incipient squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiodermatitis', 'chronic radiodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['keratomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity20787 :: (MESH:D011855,Disease) :: ['chronic radiodermatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to assess the adequacy of surgical specimens obtained utilizing the BIGopsy (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) biopsy forceps both ex vivo and in vivo and compare them to traditional 3Fr biopsy forceps in @entity1 with suspected @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 undergoing nephroureterectomy for suspected @entity1606 were recruited. Surgical specimens, immediately after extirpation were examined and alternatively biopsied ex vivo with the BIGopsy and 3Fr biopsy forceps. We then retrospectively reviewed our most recent experience with ureteroscopic biopsy. The biopsy device, size, depth, grade, stage, pathologic diagnosis and subjective biopsy quality were assessed. RESULTS: Three ex vivo nephroureterectomy specimens were evaluated. The average biopsy size from the 3Fr biopsy forceps was 3.5 +/- 2.8 mm2 and for the BIGopsy was 31.2 +/- 34.6 mm2. Subjectively, the BIGopsy specimens revealed less distortion and @entity1949 and were easier to interpret by the pathologist. Sixteen @entity1 underwent 19 ureteroscopic procedures. The mean size in maximal diameter (mm +/- SD) of the biopsies in each group were; 3Fr 1.2 +/- 0.4, BIGopsy 3.4 +/- 2.0, @entity5648 basket 4.9 +/- 4.0 and laser 11 +/- 8.5. Lamina propria was identified in 3/13 (23%) biopsies with 3Fr biopsy forceps, 6/11 (55%) biopsies with the BIGopsy forceps, 6/8 (75%) biopsies with the @entity5648 basket and 2/2 (100%) biopsies with the holmium laser. Six @entity1 underwent biopsies with both the BIGopsy and 3Fr biopsy forceps. A definitive diagnosis was made in 2/6 cases with the 3Fr biopsy forceps compared with all 6/6 cases with the BIGopsy biopsy forceps. Grade and stage matched final surgical grade and stage in 3/3 cases biopsied with the BIGopsy. CONCLUSION: For lesions with stalks, the holmium laser and basket biopsy provided larger specimens than either of the forceps. For flat or sessile lesions, the BIGopsy biopsy forceps provided larger, deeper less distorted specimens than the 3Fr biopsy forceps and correlated well with ultimate grade and stage. Improved biopsy quality may translate into improved ability to diagnose both benign and @entity8 endoscopically.

title: Ureteroscopic biopsy of XXXX using a novel ureteroscopic biopsy forceps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ureteral and renal pelvic mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The function of @entity141 and @entity268 in extruding doublet microtubules from sea urchin sperm axoneme and generating flagellar waves was investigated in order to clarify the regulatory mechanism of microtubule sliding and the formation mechanism of beating patterns of @entity29535 . Almost all potentially asymmetric spermatozoa that were demembranated with Triton in the absence of @entity141 and reactivated with @entity51742 (Gibbons, B.H. and Gibbons, I.R. (1980). J. Cell Biol., 84: 13-27), beat with planar waves closely resembling those of the intact spermatozoa, whereas potentially symmetric spermatozoa, in which axonemal calmodulin was removed by detergent extraction in the presence of millimolar @entity141 (Brokaw, C.J. and Nagayama, S.M. (1985). J. Cell Biol., 100: 1875-1883), beat with three-dimensional waves if they were reactivated with low @entity51742 . At a high @entity51742 , almost all demembranated spermatozoa beat with planar waves. @entity268 enhanced the three-dimensionality of the flagellar waves at a low @entity141 . These changes in the flagellar waves were caused by different regulations of the microtubule sliding by @entity460 , @entity268 , and @entity51742 .

title: Regulations of microtubule sliding by XXXX and @entity268 and their roles in forming flagellar waveforms.

entities_list: @entity29535 :: ('MESH:C536287', 'Disease') :: ['cilia and flagella']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: 1. The dependence of atrial natriuretic factor on renal @entity935 for its renal effects in @entity1 was examined in 10 healthy volunteers using the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa. 2. Each volunteer attended on two occasions, and received an infusion of atrial natriuretic factor (4 pmol min-1 kg-1) for 60 min after pretreatment with either placebo or carbidopa orally. These were administered in random, double-blind fashion. 3. A similar increase in plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration was seen after atrial natriuretic factor infusion on both visits. 4. Infusion of atrial natriuretic factor produced a small unsustained rise in urinary @entity935 excretion. This increase in urinary @entity935 excretion was blocked by @entity11412 with no effect on the natriuresis. 5. Urinary @entity6708 excretion increased in response to the atrial natriuretic factor infusion whether placebo or carbidopa was given. @entity6708 , but not @entity935 , may be a mediator of the renal response to atrial natriuretic factor in @entity1 .

title: Carbidopa does not affect the renal response to atrial natriuretic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11412 :: ('MESH:D002230', 'Chemical') :: ['carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity6708 :: ('CHEBI:16356', 'Chemical') :: ["Guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate", "guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity1374 was investigated in 466 (403 female, 63 male) subjects over the age of 60 years (79.2 +/- 7.5 years; mean +/- SD) from the general population in an area of @entity1496 deficiency. In addition to thyroid hormone assays, thyroid antibodies and urinary @entity1496 excretion were determined. In cases with @entity1374 , ultrasound investigations were performed. Twenty-two of the 466 subjects (4.7%) showed @entity1375 ; 7 subjects were @entity1378 (1.5%), 5 had @entity1375 (1.1%), and 10 showed "subclinical" @entity1375 (2.2%). The latter constellation is defined as an elevation of @entity7287 (TSH) with normal values for @entity1955 and @entity1954 . Most subjects with @entity1378 had a @entity5651 (6/7); thyroid volume by ultrasound (median) was 26.2 mL with an inhomogeneous echo pattern in 6 of the 7 subjects. In 4 cases, a rise in urinary @entity1496 excretion was documented; none had TSH-receptor antibodies. Most subjects with overt or @entity1375 had a homogeneous or low-echogenic pattern by ultrasound; thyroid volume (median) was 12.9 mL and 12.7 mL, respectively. By palpation, 8 of the 15 subjects had no @entity5651 . In general, these @entity1 had no rise in urinary @entity1496 excretion (11/13), but most showed an elevation of antibodies against the microsomal antigen and/or thyroglobulin (11/15).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevalence of XXXX in elderly subjects from the general population in an @entity1496 deficiency area.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'hyper- or hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'goiter by palpation']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate duplex ultrasonographic criteria for the determination of 50% or more and 70% or more @entity850 of the diameter of the internal @entity2998 based on conventional angiography in order to align ultrasonographic diagnostic categories with current clinical management schemes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 1999, 915 @entity1 underwent both carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography within 30 days at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Of these @entity1 , 294 were excluded from this study because of occlusion of one or both of the internal carotid arteries or atypical flow characteristics. In the remaining 621 @entity1 (61 % male, 39% female; mean age, 67.7 years [range, 14-88 years]), 1218 vessels were available for correlation. Several Doppler ultrasonographic velocity variables were compared with the angiographic findings by use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary end point was verification of optimal ultrasonographic criteria to diagnose 70% or more internal @entity543 . The secondary end point was establishment of threshold values to detect @entity850 of 50% or more. RESULTS: At angiography, 382 @entity1 had internal carotid arteries with 70% or more @entity850 . Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of the internal @entity2998 and internal @entity2998 :common @entity2998 peak systolic velocity ratios were measured. For an internal @entity543 of 70% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 90.1%, a positive predictive value of 82.7%, a negative predictive value of 92.3%, and an accuracy of 88.8%. An end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more and an internal @entity2998 :common @entity2998 ratio of 3.2 or more yielded similar values. For an internal @entity543 of 50% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 130 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 92.1 %, a specificity of 89.5%, a positive predictive value of 90.3%, a negative predictive value of 91.3%, and an overall accuracy of 90.8%. An internal @entity2998 :common @entity2998 ratio of 1.6 or more yielded similar values. CONCLUSION: In our ultrasonography laboratory, a @entity543 of 70% or more (for which carotid endarterectomy is typically recommended in symptomatic @entity1 ) is diagnosed reliably with the following duplex ultrasonographic criteria: a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more, an end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more, or an internal @entity2998 :common @entity2998 ratio of 3.2 or more.

title: Redefined duplex ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine symptoms, physical function, and nutritional status in @entity1 with @entity239 ( @entity239 ) after 6 to 8 years. METHODS: Of 51 @entity1 with @entity239 initially included in exercise and @entity1 education programs 6 and 8 years ago, 33 agreed to participate. Median (range) age was 45.5 years (33-64) and symptom duration 18 years (8-46). Symptoms (visual analog scales), cardiovascular capacity (Aastrand's test), and restriction on daily activities ( @entity239 Impact Questionnaire) were measured. Employment status and experience of coping with everyday life were addressed in an interview. Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measurements and dietary intake. RESULTS: All the 33 @entity1 had widespread chronic @entity158 , and 79% had enough tender points to satisfy the @entity239 classification criteria. Compared with initital data there were significant reductions in the number of tender points (p = 0.004) in the exercise group, and in fatigue (p = 0.008) and @entity158 (p = 0.5) in the @entity1 education group. Cardiovascular capacity was within normal limits in 33% of the @entity1 . Currently, 26 performed regular physical activity and of these, 10 were engaged in organized exercise. Seventy-two percent reported regular use of dietary supplements and attached importance to a healthy diet. Still, there was a significant increase in weight and body fat, and 24% were @entity28 (BMI > 30). The coping strategies adopted were adjustments to the new situation and distraction from symptoms. CONCLUSION: No worsening of symptoms and no change in employment status, as well as frequent participation in physical activities, suggests a benign longterm outcome in these @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Health status in XXXX --a followup study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: Texturized vegetable protein (TVP) from soy is widely used in @entity235 foods but contains indigestible @entity1735 , which may affect intestinal transit. This study was conducted to determine whether TVP affects oroileal transit of the marker @entity6213 ( @entity6214 ). Four canned diets with @entity6214 added were fed to eight cannulated mixed-breed @entity235 in a Latin-square design. The four diets contained reciprocal proportions of protein from TVP (0 to 57%) and from beef (100 to 43%). Ileal effluent was collected during wk 3 of each diet period, prececal apparent digestibility was measured on d 1 to 3 (eight @entity235 ), and rate of appearance of @entity6214 and chyme was measured on d 4 (six @entity235 ). There was a postprandial delay before any chyme or @entity6214 was collected, but from 2 to 8 h postprandially the rate of excretion was almost constant (approximately 11%/h). As TVP increased, mean prececal digestibility of protein and @entity1735 decreased from 77 to 71% and from 80 to 62%, respectively. Chyme excretion from 2 to 8 h postprandially increased from 5.8 to 8.3 g @entity3918 /h (P < .0001) as TVP increased but times for transit of @entity6214 and appearance of chyme (as percentage total collected/hour) did not change. Mean times to first appearance and 15, 50, and 95% excretion were 76, 160, 347, and 707 min for @entity6214 and 60, 147, 338, and 712 min for chyme, respectively. Mean @entity6214 recovery was 93%. In conclusion, small intestinal transit of @entity6214 was unaffected by increasing dietary TVP despite marked changes in @entity1735 digestibility.

title: The effect of texturized vegetable protein containing soy @entity1735 on oroileal transit of @entity6213 in cannulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: This randomised controlled trial examined anthropometric changes and cardiovascular benefits of six months of weight management in 110 free living @entity1 , aged 18-68 y and BMI 25-50 kg/m2, who received 1200 kcal/d diet treatments of either high (58% energy, n = 57) or low (35% energy, n = 53) @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) content. Body weight, plasma total, HDL and LDL @entity165 , @entity412 and blood pressure were measured. Examination at three months showed @entity1 on high @entity435 lost (mean +/- s.e.m) 4.3 +/- 0.5 kg and those on low @entity435 lost 5.6 +/- 0.6 kg of body weight. Changes in risk factors did not significantly differ between the two diet treatments throughout the study. However those on high @entity435 diets significantly lowered their plasma total @entity165 by 0.33 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.10, 0.55), LDL @entity165 by 0.23 mmol/l (0.02, 0.43) and HDL @entity165 by 0.05 mmol/l (0.03, 0.10), while @entity1 on low @entity435 diets lowered only plasma @entity412 by 0.28 mmol/l (0.08, 0.48). Blood pressure did not change significantly on either diet. After six months, @entity1 on high @entity435 lost 5.6 +/- 0.8 kg and those on low @entity435 lost 6.8 +/- 0.8 kg. On the high @entity435 diet, total @entity165 remained significantly below the baseline value at 0.34 mmol/l (0.13, 0.56), @entity412 was significantly lowered by 0.27 mmol/l (0.10, 0.45), and HDL @entity165 returned to the baseline value. On the low @entity435 diet, @entity412 remained the only risk factor to be significantly improved. A subgroup of 46 postmenopausal @entity1 lost significantly (P < 0.05) more weight on the low @entity435 diet than high @entity435 diet. In conclusion, these results provided some support for preferring a high @entity435 diet to a lower @entity435 approach in weight management, from the point of view of risk reduction, but do not indicate a consistently more rapid weight loss with either diet.

title: Weight loss with high and low XXXX 1200 kcal diets in free living @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity56 is often considered to play a major etiologic role in the pathophysiology of @entity1744 in adults, and some authors argue that this increased sensitivity is mainly due to psychological factors. In contrast, there are no data in @entity1 with @entity1744 which confirm this relationship. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial aspects and sensorymotor function in @entity1 affected by @entity1744 . Ten @entity1 fulfilling the Rome II criteria for @entity1744 and seven healthy controls were enrolled. We studied the thresholds and the perception of visceral stimuli in the rectum by means of an electronic barostat (isobaric phasic distentions, 3 mmHg/1 min, interval 1 min) and a validated questionnaire. Personality features were evaluated by means of the Big Five Questionnaire for @entity1 . Sleep, @entity1316 , @entity148 and individual performance (missed school days, school results and social activities) were also evaluated. @entity1 with @entity1744 showed significantly lower thresholds for discomfort (14.8 +/- 3.5 vs 22.3 +/- 6.9 mmHg, P = 0.010) and a higher cumulative perception score (28.2 +/- 11.1 vs 12.3 +/- 8.0, P = 0.005) compared with healthy controls. A higher @entity1344 (57.8 +/- 7.0 vs 48.7 +/- 10.1, P = 0.047), @entity25 (7.2 +/- 1.0 vs 9.3 +/- 0.5, P = 0.004) and @entity148 (6.3 +/- 2.0 vs 2.3 +/- 1.7, P = 0.009) were observed in @entity1744 @entity1 . Moreover, in a multivariate analysis, the cumulative perception score was significantly related to @entity1344 (P = 0.042). In conclusion @entity1 with @entity1744 exhibit @entity56 and @entity73 . @entity1344 , as a personality feature in these @entity1 , seems to modulate the perception response to visceral stimulations.

title: XXXX in @entity56 and psychosocial aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairment']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hypersensitivity', 'Visceral hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional instability', 'emotional instability']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Expression of the neuroendocrine marker @entity19972 ( @entity19972 ) has been reported in a few cases of @entity674 ( @entity674 ). The goal of the present study was to assess the relevance of this finding and identify a possible hormone production in these @entity5 . We chose to study the orexigen ghrelin and its receptor, since these @entity1 are seldom cachexic, even in advanced disease stages. We investigated ghrelin expression by means of immunohistochemistry on frozen or @entity982 -embedded sections from 22 @entity674 from a well-characterized @entity1 material. Expression of the @entity14950 , the @entity14950 , was investigated in a subset of lesions. In six @entity5 , mRNA levels of ghrelin, the @entity14950 , and @entity19972 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Totally 17 out of 22 @entity5 showed immunoreactivity for ghrelin. Five out of ten @entity5 were immunoreactive for the @entity14950 , and all of these co-expressed ghrelin. All @entity5 expressed ghrelin, @entity14950 , and @entity19972 mRNA. @entity674 frequently express @entity19972 , ghrelin, and its receptor, indicating the presence of autocrine/paracrine loops.

title: XXXX express the orexigen ghrelin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity14950 :: ('2693', 'Gene') :: ['ghrelin receptor', 'growth hormone secretagogue receptor']

entities_list: @entity19972 :: ('9900', 'Gene') :: ['SV2', 'synaptic vesicle protein 2']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity1149 invading the thoracic inlet, the transcervical approach does not permit @entity5 in the intervertebral foramina. We report a variant that lifts this limitation. METHODS: Through the transcervical approach, resectability was assessed and @entity5 -bearing structures were removed, leaving @entity5 -free margins. Standard upper lobectomy was performed, leaving the lobe in place. A posterior midline approach was used for multilevel unilateral laminectomy, nerve root division inside the spinal canal, and vertebral body division along the midline. The @entity5 was removed en bloc with the lung, ribs, and vessels through the posterior incision. Fixation of the spine was performed. Medical charts of @entity1 treated with this technique between October 1994 and April 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (mean age 45 years) were treated. Resection of the upper lobe and T1 root was done in all 17 cases; 3- and 4-level hemivertebrectomies were done in 13 and 3 cases, respectively; 2-level total vertebral body resection and 2-level hemivertebrectomy were done in 1 case; and resections of the phrenic nerve and subclavian artery were done in 7 and 6 @entity1 , respectively. There were no perioperative @entity204 or residual @entity16 . @entity260 were @entity55 (n = 6), @entity5173 (n = 1), wound breakdown (n = 1), and @entity548 necessitating reoperation (n = 1). The overall 3- and 5-year survivals were 39% and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1149 invading the thoracic inlet and intervertebral foramina can be removed completely through a combined anterior transcervical and posterior midline approach, with good results.

title: En bloc resection of XXXX invading the thoracic inlet and intervertebral foramina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairments']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung cancers', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: After the societal change in the "New Federal States" of Germany Saxon diabetologists developed an integrated concept for care of @entity6 @entity1 : the Saxon Care Model (SCM). It aims at quality assurance in @entity6 care and is based on services by cooperating general practitioners and specialists. This model was evaluated. First results were obtained describing the quality of care for 510 @entity1 at baseline. This sample was collected at two specialized diabetologists (level 2), two specialized out- @entity1 units at universities (level 2) and two general practitioners (level 1). The design of the study is a descriptive evaluation. Process and outcome quality at specialized and primary care units working according to the SCM is relatively high. @entity4051 c measurements were taken in order to quantify outcome quality. The results for primary as well as specialized care units ranged from acceptable to very good. They unfortunately cannot be generalized. The @entity1 expressed that their quality of life was limited only scarcely. The presented preliminary results indicate a high effectiveness of the SCM with regard to relevant process-related outcome-variables. The large variance between single practices of both levels demonstrates that deficits in early diagnosis of @entity2412 still exist. On the other hand this points towards resources of quality improvement. The influence of quality assuring measures, e.g. quality circles, will be assessed in a three-year follow up.

title: [Quality of XXXX management in the free Saxony state--scientific evaluation of the Saxony model for managing @entity6 . EVA group].

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Previous studies in amphibians yielded contradictory results about the distribution of calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) in retinal neurons, most likely due to the different antibodies used. The present comparative study aimed to characterize the distribution of CB and CR in relation to retinal neurons in six species of anuran and urodele amphibians by using the same immunohistochemical protocol with specific poly- and monoclonal antibodies. CB was specifically found in cones, in subpopulations of bipolar and amacrine cells and in sparse neurons in the @entity4494 cell layer. All photoreceptors were negative for CR, whereas subpopulations of horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells as well as cells in the @entity4494 cell layer contained CR. CB/CR colocalization occurred in some amacrine cells and in cells of the @entity4494 cell layer, with variable proportions among species. Most of the @entity4494 cells identified by retrograde labeling from the optic nerve contained CB and/or CR. Cholinergic cells, visualized by @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) immunoreactivity, constituted a subpopulation of the CR-positive amacrine cells in anurans and a high percentage (40-90%) of cholinergic cells were CR immunoreactive in urodeles. CB/ @entity4268 colocalization was between 10 and 30% in anurans and lower in urodeles (7-10%). Finally, CB colocalized in 6-8% of the @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) amacrine cells only in anurans, whereas CR and TH colocalized in 5% of TH cells in the urodele retina. Our data suggest a specific pattern for CB and CR distribution in the retinal neurons of amphibians comparable to amniotes in some cell types showing, however, peculiar features not observed previously in other vertebrates.

title: Comparative analysis of calbindin D-28K and calretinin in the retina of anuran and urodele amphibians: Colocalization with @entity1877 acetyltransferase and XXXX hydroxylase.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many therapeutic interventions have been used in the treatment of @entity2633 ( @entity2633 ), but to date, no specific intervention has proved universally efficacious. The aim of this study was to compare local corticosteroid injections versus splinting in a randomized controlled design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 were treated with injections, and fourteen with a wrist splint. The @entity1 were evaluated at inclusion and after six weeks with grip strength and @entity158 scores. The @entity1 's global assessment was used as a main indicator of improvement. RESULTS: No differences were noticed between the two groups. Most @entity1 improved. A questionnaire after > 1 year showed that some @entity1 still had @entity158 complaints. DISCUSSION: We conclude that injections were as effective as splinting in @entity2633 . Splinting is recommended in the early stages of the disorder because of its lack of adverse effects. In the long view diagnostics regarding @entity2633 have to be refined in order to differentiate @entity1 who are expected to benefit from different treatments.

title: [Comparison of two different treatments of XXXX ". A randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'LE']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral humeral epicondylitis--"tennis elbow']


abstract: Data from the baseline and follow-up examinations of the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) cohort of 8006 @entity1 of Japanese ancestry were used to examine several questions concerning the predictive role of lipids and lipoproteins for incident CHD. For the question "Do serum @entity165 levels measured in middle age predict incident CHD in elderly @entity1 65 years old or older?" the answer was clearly yes. Multivariate relative risks and attributable risks for early and late onset of CHD were similar and statistically significant. For the question "Do serum @entity165 levels measured in the elderly predict subsequent CHD?" the answer again was clearly yes. Multivariate relative risks for elderly @entity1 were similar to those for middle-aged @entity1 , and attributable risks were consistently higher for elderly @entity1 . For the question "Do other lipid or lipoprotein levels measured in the elderly predict incident CHD better than serum @entity165 level?" the answer was no. Multivariate relative risks for low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density-lipoprotein @entity165 were similar to those for total @entity165 . HDL @entity165 was protective for incident CHD, but the patterns were not significant for the elderly. Serum @entity412 level was not a significant predictor of CHD for the elderly. The conclusion was that no matter at what age serum @entity165 was measured, it predicted subsequent CHD in the elderly @entity1 in this cohort.

title: Lipid and lipoprotein predictors of coronary heart disease in elderly @entity1 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HHP', 'Honolulu Heart Program']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Honolulu Heart Program']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a chronic relapsing @entity29 . We aimed to assess whether clinical, biological, and histologic parameters in quiescent @entity31 predict time to clinical relapse. METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with clinically and endoscopically determined inactive @entity31 were followed up for 1 year or for a shorter period if they had a relapse. Serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate; @entity1851 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity8252 values; anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titers; and rectal biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline, at 6 and 12 months, and/or at relapse. Multivariate survival analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of clinical relapse. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 relapsed (19/42 @entity1 ; 8/32 @entity1 ). Multivariate Cox regression analysis retained younger age (P = 0.003; hazard ratio, 0.4 per decade), greater number of prior relapses in @entity1 (P < 0.001; hazard ratio, 1.6 per prior relapse), and basal plasmacytosis (P = 0.003; hazard ratio, 4.5) on rectal biopsy specimens as predictors of shorter time to clinical relapse. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed the 20-30-year-old age group and @entity1 with more than 5 prior relapses to be groups with shorter times to relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Younger age, multiple previous relapses (for @entity1 ), and basal plasmacytosis on rectal biopsy specimens were independent predictors of earlier relapse. These findings may help identify @entity1 with inactive @entity31 who will require optimal maintenance medical therapy.

title: Clinical, biological, and histologic parameters as predictors of relapse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the privilege of driving must be respected, it may be necessary to restrict driving when it poses a threat to others. The risks associated with allowing @entity1 with life-threatening @entity1165 to drive have not been quantified. METHODS: The Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial compared antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with the implantation of defibrillators in @entity1 resuscitated from near-fatal @entity943 . In the current study, we sent @entity1 who participated in the AVID trial a questionnaire, to be completed anonymously, requesting information about driving habits and experiences. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 758 of 909 @entity1 (83 percent). Of these, 627 @entity1 drove during the year before their index episode of @entity1165 . A total of 57 percent of these @entity1 resumed driving within 3 months after randomization in the AVID trial, 78 percent within 6 months, and 88 percent within 12 months. While driving, 2 percent had a @entity1163 , 11 percent had @entity1296 or palpitations that necessitated stopping the vehicle, 22 percent had @entity1296 or palpitations that did not necessitate stopping the vehicle, and 8 percent of the 295 @entity1 with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator received a shock. Fifty @entity1 reported having at least 1 accident, for a total of 55 accidents during 1619 @entity1 -years of follow-up after the resumption of driving (3.4 percent per @entity1 -year). Only 11 percent of these accidents were preceded by symptoms of possible @entity943 (0.4 percent per @entity1 -year). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity1165 resume driving early. Although it is common for them to have symptoms of possible @entity943 while driving, accidents are uncommon and occur with a frequency that is lower than the annual accident rate of 7.1 percent in the general driving population of the United States.

title: Resumption of driving after life-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal episode']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression and localisation of transforming growth factor betas ( @entity2533 s) and their receptor CD105 (endoglin) in relation to @entity730 and bone formation in @entity731 of @entity1 carotid arteries. BACKGROUND: The @entity2533 family regulates cellular growth, differentiation and angiogenesis and plays a key role in enchondral bone formation. CD105 is part of the @entity2533 receptor complex preferentially expressed on endothelial cells (EC). METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the localisation of @entity2533 isoforms 1, 2 and 3 and their spatial expression patterns in relation to @entity730 and bone formation in @entity731 . Cellular sources of @entity2533 s and CD105 were assessed using cell-type specific antibodies. RESULTS: There was marked variability in @entity2533 expression in different cell types associated with @entity730 . Smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the @entity1856 cap showed higher levels of @entity2533 3 and 2 than 1, but in the deep musculoelastic intima there were higher levels of @entity2533 and alpha-actin. All three @entity2533 isoforms were expressed in monocyte-macro-phages. Giant cells associated with calcifications showed intense staining for @entity6474 . @entity2533 was most strongly expressed on matrix and cells associated with bone formation. CD105 expression on SMCs and monocyte-macrophages was lower on cells in close association with @entity730 . SMCs associated with bone formation expressed high levels of CD105. CONCLUSIONS: The different @entity2533 isoforms exhibit distinct but overlapping patterns of expression, and support the hypothesis that they are involved in the process of @entity730 and bone formation in @entity1 @entity731 . Lower expression of CD105 on cells associated with @entity730 may represent their state of lower responsiveness to @entity2533 s.

title: Transforming growth factor-betas and CD105 expression in @entity730 and bone formation in XXXX @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: HEAD INJURIES INCURRED during athletic endeavors have been recorded since games were first held. During the last century, our level of understanding of the types of cerebral insults, their causes, and their treatment has advanced significantly. Because of the extreme popularity of sports in the United States and worldwide, the implications of @entity542 are enormous. This is especially true considering the current realization that mild @entity131 (MTBI) or concussion represents a major health consideration with more long-ranging effects than previously thought. When considering @entity2587 , @entity1 who engage in organized sports, as well as the large number of @entity1 who engage in recreational activities, should be considered. There are 200 million international soccer players, a group increasingly recognized to be at risk for MTBI. The participation in contact sports of a large number of the population, especially youth, requires a careful and detailed analysis of injury trends and recommended treatment. There are numerous characteristics of this @entity1 population that make management difficult, especially their implicit request to once again be subjected to potential MTBI by participating in contact sports. Recent research has better defined the epidemiological issues related to @entity2587 involving the central nervous system and has also led to classification and management paradigms that help guide decisions regarding athletes' return to play. We currently have methods at our disposal that greatly assist us in managing this group of @entity1 , including improved recognition of the clinical syndromes of MTBI, new testing such as neuropsychological assessment, radiographic evaluations, and a greater appreciation of the pathophysiology of concussive @entity1545 . The potential for long-term consequences of repetitive MTBI has been recognized, and we no longer consider the "dinged" states of athletic concussions to have the benign connotations they had in the past. We review the historical developments in the recognition and care of athletes with @entity542 , the current theory of the pathophysiology and biomechanics of these insults, and the recommended management strategy, including return-to-play criteria.

title: XXXX in athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'athletic head injury']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['athletic injuries', 'sports injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of appendectomy in an Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model to that of a traditional home-call attending surgeon model. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acute care surgery (ACS, a combination of @entity130 surgery, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care) has been proposed as a practice model for the future of general surgery. To date, there are few data regarding outcomes of surgical @entity341 in the ACS model. METHODS: Between September 1999 and August 2002, surgical @entity341 were staffed at the faculty level by either an in-house @entity130 /emergency surgeon (ACS model) or a non- @entity130 general surgeon taking home call (traditional [TRAD] model). Coverage alternated monthly. Other aspects of hospital care, including resident complement, remained unchanged. We retrospectively reviewed key time intervals (emergency department [ED] presentation to surgical consultation; surgical consultation to operation [OR]; and ED presentation to OR) and outcomes ( @entity397 rate, negative appendectomy rate, complication rate, and hospital length of stay [LOS]) for @entity1 treated in the ACS and TRAD models. Questions of interest were examined using chi tests for discrete variables and independent sample t test for comparison of means. RESULTS: During the study period, 294 appendectomies were performed. In-house ACS surgeons performed 167 procedures, and the home-call TRAD surgeons performed 127 procedures. No difference was found in the time from ED presentation to surgical consultation; however, the time interval from consultation to OR was significantly decreased in the ACS model (TRAD 7.6 hours vs. ACS 3.5 hours, P < 0.05). As a result, the total time from ED presentation to OR was significantly shorter in the ACS model (TRAD 14.0 hours vs. ACS 10.1 hour, P < 0.05). Rupture rates were decreased in the ACS model (TRAD 23.3% vs. ACS 12.3%, P < 0.05); negative appendectomy rates were similar. The complication rate in the ACS model was decreased (TRAD 17.4% vs. ACS 7.7%, P < 0.05), as was the hospital LOS (TRAD 3.5 days vs. ACS 2.3 days, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity697 , the presence of an in-house acute care surgeon significantly decreased the time to operation, @entity397 rate, complication rate, and hospital length of stay. The ACS model appears to improve outcomes of @entity697 compared with a TRAD home-call model. This study supports the efficacy and efficiency of the ACS model in the management of surgical @entity341 .

title: An acute care surgery model improves outcomes in XXXX with appendicitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is defined as a @entity281 of the tracheobronchial tree. It has been reported that aerosolized therapy with @entity3639 and @entity230 is useful for EBTB; however, the effectiveness of this therapy for @entity850 has yet to be clarified. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of aerosol therapy in the treatment of @entity850 due to EBTB. DESIGN: An observational, historical, controlled comparative study. Retrospective analysis of 27 @entity1 treated with conventional therapy, and prospective analysis of 30 @entity1 treated with aerosol therapy. METHOD AND @entity1 : Flexible bronchoscopy was performed at least twice in 57 @entity1 with ulcerative EBTB, in whom the degree of @entity850 between the first and last bronchoscopic examinations was estimated. @entity850 was graded as minimal, mild, moderate, severe or obstructive, and the follow-up of @entity850 assessed as aggravation, no change or improvement. RESULTS: Conventional therapies led to aggravation in 13 @entity1 , no change in 13 @entity1 , and improvement in one @entity1 . Aerosol therapy led to no change in 27 @entity1 , and improvement in three @entity1 . No @entity1 developed aggravation. The differences between the therapeutic groups were significant. CONCLUSION: Aerosol therapy helps to prevent progressively severe @entity850 due to EBTB.

title: Treatment of ulcerative endobronchial tuberculosis and XXXX with aerosolized @entity3639 and @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial stenosis', 'bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['bronchial stenosis']


abstract: Transradial (TR) access is increasingly being used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, its role in PCI for ST-segment elevation @entity583 remains controversial because of concerns of procedural complexity adversely affecting the promptness of reperfusion. In this study, 150 consecutive @entity1 who underwent PCI for acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 over a period of 24 months were prospectively evaluated; 46 had TR access (31%) and 104 (69%) had transfemoral (TF) access. All @entity1 received @entity2405 , @entity117 , and heparin per routine management. There were no significant differences between the TR access and TF access groups with respect to age (62.2    11.6 vs 64.7    14.1, p = 0.28), gender (76.1% vs 72.1% @entity1 , p = 0.69), or incidence of @entity6 (23.9% vs 26.9%, p = 0.84). The TR and TF access groups were comparable with respect to door-to-balloon time (79.2    32.3 vs 86.8    51.8 minutes, p = 0.67) and amount of contrast used (190.5    101.5 vs 172.2    81.7 ml, p = 0.24). Total fluoroscopy time was longer in the TR access group compared to the TF access group (21.7    12.7 vs 14.4    10.4 minutes, p <0.0001). Postprocedural Thrombolysis In @entity583 (TIMI) grade 3 flow was comparable for the 2 groups (87% for the TF group and 96% for the TR group, p = 0.15). There were no @entity455 in the TR access group compared to the TF access group (0% vs 5.8%, p = 0.18). In conclusion, this single-center observational study shows that TR access for PCI in STEMI is feasible and that it has fewer @entity455 and shorter length of hospital stay than the TF approach.

title: Comparison between transradial and transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2405 :: ('MESH:D058924', 'Chemical') :: ['thienopyridines']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']