abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) is a common cause of @entity1118 and disability. Conventional therapy approaches include analgesics and spinal surgery. Topical @entity28184 applications are used for the treatment of severe @entity1118 in @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ). We tested the @entity158 -relieving effect of lumbar @entity28184 blisters in a non-randomised controlled pilot study. @entity1 AND METHODS: 28 consecutive @entity1 with manifest @entity2649 were included. The first 20 @entity1 received a @entity28184 blister, 8 @entity1 served as controls (waiting list). @entity158 was assessed by means of a numeric visual analogue scale (VAS; 0 indicating no @entity158 , 10 indicating @entity158 ). Treatment started after a 3-day run-in phase, the blister was applied once for 12 h. RESULTS: @entity1 were comparable with respect to baseline @entity158 . In the blister group, the @entity158 score continuously improved from 7.2 +/- 2.1 at baseline to 2.9 +/- 2.3 (VAS) at day 7, whereas the score remained unchanged in control @entity1 . Adjusted for baseline, the difference between the blister and the control group was estimated at 4.1 (95% CI: 2.4-5.9, p < 0.0001). The use of analgesics was slightly higher in the control group. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: In this first study on the efficacy of @entity28184 blisters, a clinically relevant @entity158 -relieving short-term effect on @entity2649 was observed. As the trial was non-randomised and only included a limited number of @entity1 , the results should be interpreted with caution.

title: [ XXXX -relieving effect of @entity28184 blister on lumbar spinal stenosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'traditional European medicine']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis', 'LSS']

entities_list: @entity28184 :: ('MESH:D002193', 'Chemical') :: ['cantharidin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'strongest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lumbar pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Severe @entity565 is found in approximately 10% of @entity1 with @entity565 . Some factors associated with worse @entity565 control include @entity2490 , @entity354 , @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ), @entity1412 and @entity4595 . Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of these illnesses in @entity1 with severe @entity565 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data obtained from electronic medical records of @entity1 with severe @entity565 between January 2006 and June 2008. Symptoms of @entity2490 and @entity354 were evaluated as well as intolerance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We evaluated the results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, videolaryngoscopy and CT scans of the chest in order to confirm @entity354 , @entity1412 , @entity10107 and @entity4595 . RESULTS: We evaluated 245 @entity1 . @entity2490 were present in 224 @entity1 (91.4%); 18 (7.3%) had intolerance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 8 (3.3%) had @entity1412 . Symptoms of @entity354 were reported for 173 (70.6%) @entity1 , although the diagnosis of @entity354 was confirmed based on esophagogastroduodenoscopy or laryngoscopy findings in just 58 (33.6%) @entity1 . @entity10107 was suspected in 16 (6.5%) and confirmed through laryngoscopy in 4 (1.6%). The @entity1 records provided CT scans of the chest for 105 @entity1 , and 26 (24.8%) showed @entity4595 . DISCUSSION: @entity2490 and @entity354 were the most common comorbidities observed, in addition to @entity4595 . Therefore, in @entity1 with severe @entity565 , associated diseases should be investigated as the cause of respiratory symptoms and uncontrolled @entity565 .

title: Comorbidities in severe @entity565 : frequency of @entity2490 , @entity1412 , XXXX , @entity10107 and @entity4595 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinitis symptoms', 'rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['Vocal cord dysfunction', 'VCD', 'vocal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes predispose to @entity4309 , thus conferring a high relative risk of @entity14 . The @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 mutational spectrum reported so far involves minor alterations scattered throughout their coding regions as well as large genomic rearrangements. Therefore, a combination of complete sequencing and a specialized technique for the detection of genomic rearrangements should be conducted during a proper DNA-testing procedure. Our main goal was to successfully identify @entity4309 families and determine the spectrum of @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 mutations in Greek Lynch families in order to develop an efficient screening protocol for the Greek @entity14 @entity1 ' cohort. METHODS: Forty-two samples from twenty-four families, out of which twenty two of Greek, one of Cypriot and one of Serbian origin, were screened for the presence of germline mutations in the major mismatch repair genes through direct sequencing and MLPA. Families were selected upon Amsterdam criteria or revised Bethesda guidelines. RESULTS: Ten deleterious alterations were detected in twelve out of the twenty-four families subjected to genetic testing, thus our detection rate is 50%. Four of the pathogenic point mutations, namely two nonsense, one missense and one splice site change, are novel, whereas the detected genomic deletion encompassing exon 6 of the @entity6756 gene has been described repeatedly in the LOVD database. The average age of onset for the development of both @entity14 among mutation positive families is 43.2 years. CONCLUSION: The mutational spectrum of the MMR genes investigated as it has been shaped by our analysis is quite heterogeneous without any strong indication for the presence of a founder effect.

title: Screening of the DNA mismatch repair genes @entity6756 , @entity4311 and XXXX in a Greek cohort of @entity4309 suspected families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and endometrial cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4638 :: (2956,Gene) :: ['MSH6']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the severity of @entity651 due to their immunomodulatory properties. The effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on @entity565 is seldom reported. We have examined the effect of BMSCs on airway @entity32 in @entity565 . Forty female BALB/c @entity19 were equally randomised into PBS group, BMSCs treatment group, BMSCs control group and asthmatic group. Reactivity of the airway to @entity934 was measured by barometric plethysmography. Cytokine profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphometric analysis was done with @entity6175 and @entity5644 Schiff staining. Engraftment of BMSCs in asthmatic @entity19 significantly decreased the number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the airway (P   <   0.05). Both @entity1373 and responsiveness to @entity934 were significantly reduced in BMSCs treatment groups. Moreover, BMSCs engraftment caused significant increases the ratio of Treg in pulmonary lymph node and @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) and interleukin-12 levels in BALF and serum. We conclude that BMSCs engraftment ameliorated airway @entity32 and improved lung function in asthmatic @entity19 and the protective effect might be mediated by upregulating Treg and partly involved with increasing @entity1618 .

title: Intratracheal transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduced airway @entity32 and up-regulated CD4   CD25    regulatory T cells in asthmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic-acid']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a major cause of morbidity in @entity1 with @entity1583 , and a major impediment to the success of allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo- @entity12497 ). The aim of this single-center retrospective study was to determine the impact of pre-transplant @entity3 on the outcome of allo- @entity12497 after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). Twenty-eight cases of proven or probable @entity3 were diagnosed prior to RIC allo- @entity12497 at the Paoli-Calmettes Institute @entity5 Center between January 2000 and January 2008. These cases were identified among 360 @entity1 undergoing allo- @entity12497 . @entity3 was defined according to EORTC criteria. @entity1 had predominantly (82%) @entity3052 , were diagnosed with @entity3 at a median of 8 months (range, 1-16) pre-transplant, and received antifungal therapy for a median of 5 months (range, 1-13). @entity3 therapy included: @entity5074 (71%); single-agent @entity2059 (14%); and a combination of agents (14%). Secondary prophylaxis against @entity2381 was maintained during conditioning and post-transplant in 89% of @entity1 . After transplant, only three @entity1 (11%) had reactivation of their @entity3 and one @entity1 developed disseminated @entity22214 . The latter four @entity1 experienced severe acute GVHD treated with high-dose corticosteroids. None of these @entity1 died of @entity3 . Eighteen @entity1 (64%) are still alive, with a median follow-up of 23.5 months (range, 12.6-48.5). Overall survival at 2 years was 59% (95% CI, 43-83%). These data suggest that @entity1 with adequately controlled @entity3 can tolerate RIC allo- @entity12497 without significant post-transplant complications.

title: Impact of prior invasive @entity2381 on outcome in XXXX receiving reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A total of 49 @entity1 complaining of pollakisuria and @entity322 ; 20 @entity1 with overactive @entity1494 and 29 @entity1 with @entity3142 , were treated with @entity16959 , and the effects of the drug were studied. Subjective symptoms were improved markedly in 8 @entity1 (17%), moderately in 14 @entity1 (29%), and slightly in 10 @entity1 (21%). The symptoms were unchanged in 15 @entity1 (31%) and aggravated in 1 @entity1 (2%). In objective observation, the volume at first desire to void (P less than 0.01) and the maximum urethral closure pressure (P less than 0.05) significantly increased. The objective symptoms were improved markedly in 2 @entity1 (5%), moderately in 12 @entity1 (27%), and slightly in 11 @entity1 (25%). The symptoms were unchanged in 15 @entity1 (34%) and aggravated in 4 @entity1 (9%). Overall improvement was graded as marked in 7 @entity1 (15%), moderate in 17 @entity1 (35%), slight in 11 @entity1 (23%), unchanged in 13 @entity1 (27%) and aggravated in none. In @entity1494 , the overall improvement was graded as marked in 2 @entity1 (11%), moderate in 4 @entity1 (21%), slight in 4 @entity1 (21%), unchanged in 9 @entity1 (47%) and aggravated in none. In @entity3142 , the overall improvement was graded as marked in 5 @entity1 (17%), moderate in 13 @entity1 (45%), slight in 7 @entity1 (24%), unchanged in 4 @entity1 (14%) and aggravated in none. Side effects were noted in 12 @entity1 (25%) and they were all not serious. Finger @entity400 was the most common side effect (5 @entity1 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical effects of @entity16959 -HCL in urge @entity322 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress incontinence']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted with high fever and right @entity662 . Chest X-ray showed a rapidly growing mass shadow in the right lower lung field. The @entity1 had been in remission for @entity706 and had developed @entity401 and @entity6 following 1 year of corticosteroid therapy. His illness was diagnosed as @entity3 because of a high level of beta-D-glucan and cultured @entity54 in the sputum. He was treated with a combination of @entity1331 and @entity2059 . However, because these agents did not improve his clinical condition, transbronchial lung biopsy was performed. Histologically, Mucor hyphae were detected in these specimens. @entity1331 and @entity2059 were stopped and infusion of liposomal @entity2379 was initiated. Because his condition worsened, a right lower lobectomy was performed. @entity7144 was detected in the lung tissue. We report a case of @entity358 in which @entity325 with A. fumigatus was suspected. @entity358 is a life-threatening infection in which it is rare that an antemortem diagnosis is established and organisms are isolated. We believe diagnostic tests should be performed aggressively, even when @entity57 is suspected.

title: [A case of resected XXXX that was suspected of @entity325 with @entity54 , diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin', 'Micafungin']

entities_list: @entity7144 :: ('64495', 'Species') :: ['Rhizopus Oryzae']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary mucormycosis', 'pulmonary mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary mucormycosis']


abstract: Elimination disorders are very common in @entity1 : 10 % of 7-year-olds wet at night (nocturnal @entity11795 ), 2-3 % during daytime (diurnal @entity322 ) and 1-3 % soil ( @entity322 ). In the past decades, many subtypes of @entity29082 have been identified with different symptoms, aetiologies, comorbid disorders and specific treatment options. The aim of the paper is to present a short overview of the proposed @entity4987 , the ICCS and the Rome-III classification systems, of assessment and of treatment. The @entity4987 criteria no longer reflect current research data and a revision is needed. Classification systems of the International @entity1 's Incontinence Society (ICCS) for @entity11795 and @entity322 and the ROME-III criteria for functional @entity344 offer new and relevant suggestions for both clinical and research purposes. Assessment of most @entity29082 can be performed in paediatric and @entity1 @entity146 primary care settings. The standard assessment consists of a thorough history, frequency/volume charts, specific questionnaires, a full physical examination, sonography and urinalysis. If possible, a @entity1 @entity146 assessment is performed. In all other settings, screening with a validated behavioural questionnaire and referral if indicated is recommended. All other investigations are indicated only in complicated cases and if an organic cause is to be ruled out. Treatment is symptom oriented and based on the exact diagnosis of the type of @entity29082 . Counselling is recommended in every case. Most @entity29082 can be treated by specific treatment programmes integrating cognitive-behavioural elements. Nocturnal @entity11795 is best treated with alarms. Medication can be indicated in nocturnal @entity11795 (desmopressin), urge @entity322 (anticholinergics such as @entity11440 , @entity12594 , etc.) and @entity322 with @entity1142 ( @entity968 ). Comorbid behavioural and emotional disorders require additional treatment.

title: The impact of XXXX and guidelines for assessment and treatment of @entity29082 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity29082 :: ('MESH:D019960', 'Disease') :: ['elimination disorders', 'elimination disorder']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: Acute @entity583 is one of the leading @entity455 . Platelet-endothelium plays a crucial role in its etiopathogenesis. The present study was undertaken to compare the platelet aggregability in controls and acute @entity583 @entity1 along with its effect on the peripheral platelet count. The work was conducted in five @entity1 from ICCU and 5 controls between the age group of 40-60 years by using Chronolog Dual Channel Aggrometer with @entity857 and @entity1425 as agonists. The platelets were counted by hemocytometry. The results were statistically analysed by Student's 't' test which was found to be significant. There was increase in the aggregation index in @entity1 compared to controls. It was also observed that the degree of increase was more with @entity857 than @entity1425 . Relatively, there was tendency of low platelet count. The increase in the aggregation index can be attributed to the hyperreactiveness of the platelets to @entity857 than @entity1425 . The relative @entity882 can be accounted to the sequestration of platelets in the coronary microvasculature. In conclusion, balance between @entity12834 and EDCF determines the platelet activation.

title: A comparative study of platelets behaviour in controls and acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1537 can provide relief for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated @entity344 in @entity1 at different gastrointestinal risk. METHODS: A multicentre, prospective, open-label study was conducted, wherein NSAID users visiting their general practitioner for @entity344 were asked to participate. @entity1 were treated with 20 mg @entity1537 and treatment effect was evaluated within 8 weeks. Response was defined as a maximum of 1 day per week with @entity344 during the last week of treatment. Partial response was defined as more than 50% improvement in the number of days per week with symptoms compared with baseline. @entity1 not meeting the above-mentioned criteria were classified as nonresponders. @entity1 who completely responded were compared with partial responders and nonresponders and were analysed according to their baseline gastrointestinal risk. RESULTS: A total of 1042 @entity1 (mean age: 57 years; standard deviation: 15; 43% male) were analysed. Complete response, partial response and nonresponse were achieved in 57, 24 and 19% of the @entity1 , respectively. Similar response was seen in average-risk and high-risk @entity1 (58 and 56%; P=0.46) and in nonselective NSAID and selective @entity3840 users (57 and 53%; P=0.32). CONCLUSION: @entity1537 (20    mg) improved NSAID-associated @entity344 . Baseline gastrointestinal risk did not influence @entity1537 effectiveness.

title: XXXX relieves @entity344 in high-risk and average-risk NSAID users in daily clinical practice: results from an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['Esomeprazole', 'esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity1537 :: (MESH:D064098,Chemical) :: ['Esomeprazole']


abstract: AIM: To study the changes of the cell growth, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis of @entity694 cell, HT-29, when @entity1722 gene was knockdown by shRNA against @entity1722 . METHODS: Cell growth, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were compared among three groups including plasmid experimental group( @entity970 ), transfected reagent control group(TRCG)and negative plasmid control group(NPCG). Cell growth was measured by @entity98 assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The inhibition rate of cell growth of @entity970 , TRCG and NPCG were 39.65%, 7.23% and 8.05% respectively. The cell growth was significantly inhibited in @entity970 (P<0.01). The cells of G0/G1 phase were 74.93%, 67.19%, 68.05% respectively in @entity970 , TRCG and NPCG. The cells of G0/G1 phase in @entity970 were significantly more than those in TRCG and NPCG(P<0.05).While the cells of S phase were 7.81%, 14.02%, 13.70% in @entity970 , TRCG and NPCG respectively. The cells of S phase in @entity970 were significantly less than those in TRCG or NPCG(P<0.05).The cell apoptosis rate were 19.21%, 3.13%, 4.08% in @entity970 , TRCG and NPCG respectively. The cell apoptosis rate in @entity970 was significantly higher than those in TRCG or NPCG(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Cell growth was inhibited by shRNA against @entity1722 gene. Cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis was induced by @entity1722 shRNA. This indicates @entity1722 gene plays important roles in the @entity105 and development of @entity694 .

title: [Biological behaviour of XXXX cells transfected with @entity1722 shRNA plasmid].

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity66 has been associated with a wide range of diseases including @entity731 , @entity5 and @entity195 . When present in excessive concentrations, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) can cause deleterious effects. This has led to the notion that the anticancer effects of various chemotherapeutics may be mediated, at least in part, by an increase in ROS. To investigate the role of @entity3624 oxidase (XO), a source of @entity273 , in cell death, MCF7, HeLa and 293T cells were treated with various cell-death-inducing drugs in the presence and absence of @entity208 , a specific inhibitor of XO. In the absence of @entity208 , each drug led to a time- and concentration-dependent increase in percent DNA fragmentation and ROS levels, regardless of the mechanism of cell death incurred, i.e. caspase dependent and caspase independent. By contrast, pretreatment with @entity208 led to dramatically lower ROS levels in all cases, suggesting that XO is a major contributor to oxidative stress. However, @entity208 did not exhibit a protective effect against cell death. Similarly, the administration of siRNA against XO also did not exhibit a protective effect against cell death. The level of oxidative stress was recorded using the ROS sensor CM- @entity7361 and a ratiometric bioluminescent assay that takes advantage of the increased sensitivity of Firefly luciferase to @entity273 , compared with a stable variant of Renilla luciferase (RLuc), RLuc8. Overall, these findings suggest that XO-generated @entity273 , and perhaps @entity273 in general, is a consequence, but not a mediator of cell death.

title: @entity3624 oxidase-generated XXXX is a consequence, not a mediator of cell death.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: A histological classification system (AHHS) has been recently proposed to predict 90-day mortality in @entity1 with @entity99 ( @entity99 ). We analyzed the spectrum of histological features in @entity1 with @entity99 and assessed the ability of AHHS for predicting both response to @entity230 and 90-day mortality. METHODS: Retrospective study of @entity1 admitted to our tertiary centre between 2010 and 2014 with biopsy-proven @entity99 . Histological features were analyzed and AHHS value was calculated. @entity13954 were calculated to assess the ability of AHHS to predict response to @entity230 and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: We included 34 @entity1 (70.6% @entity1 , mean age 48.5  8.9 years). Transjugular liver biopsy was performed 3.5  2.9 days after admission. Presence of bilirubinostasis (p=0.049), degree of bilirubinostasis (p<0.001), absence of megamitochondria (p<0.001) and degree of polymorphonuclear infiltration (p=0.018) were significantly associated with higher mortality at 90 days. @entity1 who responded to @entity230 had a significantly lower AHHS value than non-responders (5.4  0.9 vs 8.1  1.1, p=0.003). AAHS value was significantly higher in @entity1 who died compared to @entity1 who survived at 90 days (9.0  0.7 vs 5.0  0.9, p<0.001). AHHS predicted response to @entity230 [AUROC 0.90 (CI95% 0.742-1.000), p=0.004] and 90-day mortality [AUROC 1.0 (CI95% 1.0-1.0), p<0.001] with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 , presence and degree of bilirubinostasis, absence of megamitochondria and degree of PMN infiltration were significantly associated with 90-day mortality. AHHS had a high accuracy for predicting response to @entity230 and 90-day mortality in this cohort of @entity1 .

title: XXXX histological score has high accuracy to predict 90-day mortality and response to @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13954 :: ('MESH:C536620', 'Disease') :: ['Kaplan-Meyer curves']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: Anaesthesia was carried out in fourteen cases as part of the present study, ethrane being used in eight and @entity1508 in six cases. Each group included an experimental @entity235 in which surgery was not performed. The others were @entity1 which had to undergo a surgical procedure. In addition to clinical impressions, the following parameters were recorded: the pulse and heart rates, the electrocardiogram, the systolic pressure and the capnogram. In view of the small number of and marked variation in @entity1 , only cautious conclusions could be drawn. Attention is drawn to the fact that @entity65 may occur when large doses of the anaesthestics are administered. These large doses were constantly required to maintain a sufficiently deep anaesthesia when ethrane was used. The amount of ethrane utilized therefore was definitely larger than was that of @entity1508 . @entity4488 had the advantage that recovery from anaesthesia was mor rapid and smoother. Personal experience showed that satisfactory anaesthesia may be produced by either anaesthetic. Secondary considerations may therefore be an important factor in making a choice between the two agents.

title: [Clinical experience of Ethrane inhalation anaesthesia compared with @entity1508 inhalation anaesthesia in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: 1.beta-Bungarotoxin, @entity36315 and @entity17612 , presynaptic neurotoxins of snake venom origin, have about the same phospholipid-splitting activities as a much less toxic cobra phospholipase A2 in the presence of @entity141 and @entity6743 . 2. @entity15410 was a much less effective activator of the enzymes than is @entity141 , the activation by @entity15410 being only 3-6% for beta-bungarotoxin and @entity36315 and 12% for @entity17612 . 3. @entity15410 also inhibited the @entity141 -activated enzymes by 80% in the cases of beta-bungarotoxin and @entity36315 , but only 16% in the case of @entity17612 . 4. Mg2" had no significant effect on beta-bungarotoxin or @entity36315 , but activated @entity17612 in the presence or absence of @entity141 . 5. In @entity15410 -Tyrode lacking @entity141 all three toxins exhibited the same immediate @entity308 followed by facilitation in the @entity35 and @entity19 diaphragms, but the final blocking activity was only 3-10% with beta-bungarotoxin and @entity36315 and was 30% with @entity17612 . 6. In @entity15410 -Tyrode, increasing in the rate of nerve stimulation had less accelerating effect on the development of @entity4094 than in @entity141 -Tyrode for any of the toxins. 7. Removal of @entity1025 from @entity15410 -Tyrode did not diminish the potency of @entity17612 in blocking neuromuscular transmission, suggesting that enzyme activity at the outer surface of the axolemma does not contribute to the neuromuscular blocking action. 8. All of the results indicate that there are close correlations between the presynaptic activities of these toxins and their phospholipid-splitting activities in the cationic environment prevailing in the axoplasm. Apparently the final blocking effect of these toxins is due to @entity36316 action within the nerve terminal.

title: Effects of @entity15410 and Mg2+ on the XXXX and the presynaptic neuromuscular blocking actions of beta-bungarotoxin, @entity36315 and @entity17612 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholate']

answer: @entity36316 :: (288025(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['phospholipase A']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4886 is a rare @entity600 with severe @entity2122 . The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of @entity2122 in @entity4886 @entity1 treated at a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 records with a diagnosis of @entity4886 assessed and managed in the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU) from 1985 to 2013 was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 94 @entity1 were identified, and 130 transcranial procedures were performed. Of the @entity1 , 83 underwent a fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) as their primary procedure, and 18 @entity1 also underwent a posterior vault procedure. Twenty @entity1 underwent a fronto-facial monobloc advancement. Overall, 70% of @entity1 underwent at least 2 transcranial procedures. Shunts were inserted in 2 @entity1 preoperatively and in 5 @entity1 postoperatively for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks or acute @entity1276 . Re-do FOAs were performed in 8 @entity1 . @entity1 who underwent an FOA at the age of more than 18 months had no recurrence of @entity428 ( @entity428 ). Of 18 @entity1 who also underwent a posterior vault procedure, 1 @entity1 had recurrence of raised @entity428 . Midfacial surgery was performed early if there was evidence of @entity27 ( @entity27 ), but delayed midfacial surgery was preferred. Complications were reported in 18% of procedures. The most common complications were CSF leaks and acute @entity1276 . CONCLUSION: Shunting is rarely required in @entity4886 @entity1 , confirming a predominantly nonprogressive ventriculomegaly. FOA appears to be a more stable procedure when performed at an age of more than 18 months. Undergoing a posterior vault procedure may reduce the risk of recurrent raised @entity428 and lead to fewer transcranial procedures needed in childhood. Midfacial surgery should be delayed until adolescence where there is no evidence of @entity27 , @entity132 , or complications of exorbitism. Complications are rare when these @entity1 are treated by an experienced craniofacial team.

title: XXXX : Surgical outcomes and perspectives.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomalies', 'craniofacial and neurosurgical interventions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Apert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

answer: @entity4886 :: (MESH:D000168,Disease) :: ['Apert syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) is an @entity146 with a histologic appearance and pattern of spread that resembles that of @entity4937 . The current standard therapy for advanced @entity43 , @entity900 or @entity3003 plus @entity1311 , results in high objective response rates for that @entity5 . This regimen has thus far not been evaluated in UPSC. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with UPSC treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy and @entity1311 were retrospectively evaluated. Eighteen @entity1 received these agents in the adjuvant setting (n = 9) or for disease persistent after initial surgical management (n = 9). Eleven @entity1 received one or more courses of this drug combination for recurrent disease, 5 of whom had prior exposure in the initial setting. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 35 months (range 6-72+). A median progression-free interval (PFI) of 30 months (range 8-61+) was seen in @entity1 treated in the adjuvant setting. Objective response, indicated by normalization of an elevated prechemotherapy @entity10224 level, was seen in 8 of 9 @entity1 treated for @entity66 after initial surgery (median PFI of 13 months, range 5-38+). Objective response of both measurable and/or evaluable disease was seen in 7 of 11 @entity1 treated for recurrent disease (median PFI of 9 months, range 4-18). Six @entity1 had retreatment with one or both agents and 4 responded a second time. Overall, the regimen was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 and @entity902 -based chemotherapy has demonstrated activity in UPSC with acceptable @entity137 . These results merit further investigation of the possible role of these agents in @entity1 with this aggressive histologic subtype.

title: The use of @entity1311 and XXXX -based chemotherapy in uterine @entity1377 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: @entity33724 is a novel PPARa/y dual ligand of the @entity12585 class and was recently developed as an anti- @entity6 drug with unique properties. @entity33724 also has anti-proliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in several @entity5 cell types. Our group has shown that @entity33724 targets several proteins in colorectal tumorigenesis including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene ( @entity23390 ) which plays an important role in chemoprevention responsible for chemopreventive compounds. @entity23390 is a member of the TGF-b superfamily and is involved in @entity5 progression and development; however, @entity23390 's roles in @entity788 have not been studied. In this report, we found that @entity33724 alters not only @entity23390 expression, but also @entity3544 and @entity4910 expression. @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression was not blocked by @entity6864 -specific antagonist @entity4301 , suggesting that @entity33724 -induced @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression is independent of @entity6864 activation. However, decreasing @entity4910 by @entity33724 seems to be affected by @entity6864 activation. Further, we found that the GC box located in the @entity23390 promoter play an important role in @entity23390 transactivation by @entity33724 . Subsequently, we screened several transcription factors that may bind to the GC box region in the @entity23390 promoter and found that @entity4730 potentially binds to this region. Expression of @entity4730 precedes @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression in the presence of @entity33724 , whereas blocking @entity4730 expression using specific @entity4730 siRNA showed that both @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression by @entity33724 was blocked. In conclusion, @entity33724 's actions on anti-proliferation involve both @entity6864 -dependent and -independent pathways, thereby enhancing anti-tumorigenesis in @entity788 cells.

title: A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand XXXX imparts anti-proliferative response in @entity788 cells by @entity6864 -independent up-regulation of @entity4730 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

answer: @entity33724 :: (MESH:C115174,Chemical) :: ['MCC-555']


abstract: @entity731 is the major cause of @entity204 in the world. @entity4053 and postprandial hyperlipidaemia are important risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Recent developments have undoubtedly indicated that @entity32 is pathophysiologically closely linked to @entity731 and its clinical consequences. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocyte count and complement component 3 ( @entity4417 ) have been linked to @entity301 and to hyperlipidaemia and several other @entity301 risk factors. Increases in these markers may result from activation of endothelial cells (CRP, leucocytes, @entity4417 ), disturbances in adipose tissue @entity844 metabolism (CRP, @entity4417 ), or from direct effects of @entity301 risk factors (leucocytes). It has been shown that lipoproteins, @entity1674 , @entity1718 and @entity413 can activate endothelial cells, most probably as a result of the production of reactive @entity26 species. Similar mechanisms may also lead to leucocyte activation. Increases in @entity1674 , @entity1718 and @entity413 are common disturbances in the @entity209 and are most prominent in the postprandial phase. @entity1 are in a postprandial state most of the day, and this phase is proatherogenic. Inhibition of the activation of leucocytes, endothelial cells, or both, is an interesting target for intervention, as activation is obligatory for adherence of leucocytes to the endothelium, thereby initiating @entity731 . Potential interventions include the use of unsaturated long-chain @entity1718 , @entity6398 , antioxidants, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and high-dose @entity117 , which have direct anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects. Furthermore, @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) agonists and statins have similar properties, which are in part independent of their lipid-lowering effects.

title: Lipaemia, @entity32 and XXXX : novel opportunities in the understanding and treatment of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Peripheral microvascular complications in @entity6 are associated with concurrent @entity66 . As detailed cognitive assessment is not routinely carried out among @entity6 @entity1 , the aim was to establish whether the presence of clinical "peripheral" microvascular disease can identify a subgroup of @entity1 with early evidence of @entity73 . Detailed psychometric assessment was performed in 23 @entity6 @entity1 with no microvascular complications (Group D), 27 @entity6 @entity1 with at least one microvascular complication: @entity989 , @entity16 , and/or @entity8 (Group DC), and 25 healthy controls (Group H). Groups D and DC @entity1 had significantly lower scores on reaction time (P = 0.003 and 0.0001, resp.) compared to controls. Similarly, groups D and DC @entity1 had significantly lower scores on rapid processing of visual information (P = 0.034 and 0.001, resp.) compared to controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference between Groups D and DC on any of the cognitive areas examined. The results show that @entity6 , in general, is associated with @entity73 , but the additional presence of peripheral microvascular disease does not add to @entity73 . The study, however, indirectly supports the notion that the aetiology of @entity73 in @entity6 may not be restricted to vascular pathology.

title: XXXX peripheral microvascular complications: relationship to cognitive function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In order to use a single implant with one treatment plan in fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-B), applicator position shifts must be corrected prior to each fraction. The authors investigated the use of gold markers for X-ray-based setup and position control between the single fractions. @entity1 AND METHODS: Caudad-cephalad movement of the applicators prior to each HDR-B fraction was determined on radiographs using two to three gold markers, which had been inserted into the prostate as intraprostatic reference, and one to two radiopaque-labeled reference applicators. 35 @entity263 @entity1 , treated by HDR-B as a monotherapy between 10/2003 and 06/2006 with four fractions of 9.5 Gy each, were analyzed. @entity137 was scored according to the CTCAE Score, version 3.0. Median follow-up was 3 years. RESULTS: The mean change of applicators positions compared to baseline varied substantially between HDR-B fractions, being 1.4 mm before fraction 1 (range, -4 to 2 mm), -13.1 mm before fraction 2 (range, -36 to 0 mm), -4.1 mm before fraction 3 (range, -21 to 9 mm), and -2.6 mm at fraction 4 (range, -16 to 9 mm). The original position of the applicators could be readjusted easily prior to each fraction in every @entity1 . In 18 @entity1 (51%), the applicators were at least once readjusted > 10 mm, however, acute or late grade > or = 2 genitourinary @entity137 was not increased (p = 1.0) in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Caudad position shifts up to 36 mm were observed. Gold markers represent a valuable tool to ensure setup accuracy and precise dose delivery in fractionated HDR-B monotherapy of @entity263 .

title: Use of gold markers for setup in image-guided fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy as a monotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In this study the influence of @entity1425 (E) on @entity26 consumption, overall energy metabolism, and substrate utilization in @entity35 has been investigated. Therefore E was infused at rates of 20, 35, and 50 ng/min for 40 min. Infusion of the solvent, saline, served as control experiment. Before, during, and after the infusion, VO2, as parameter for total metabolism, and RQ, as parameter for substrate utilization, were determined using an open circuit. In addition blood samples were taken for determination of blood @entity413 , plasma free @entity1718 (EFA) and plasma insulin concentrations. The results show a rise in VO2 and blood @entity413 during infusion of E. Plasma FFA concentrations were elevated during infusion of E and of saline. Plasma insulin decreased when E was administered. RQ values were increased when E was infused at rates of 35 and 50 ng/min. The results suggest that E can influence the ratio in which @entity413 and FFA are utilized. This influence seems to be excerpted indirectly by influencing the availability of the substrates, rather than directly, by influencing utilization.

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity26 consumption, overall energy metabolism, and substrate utilization in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: @entity19865 is a form of reactive @entity3329 , which was firstly described in Japan, but is uncommon in the Western world. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of nine cases of adult or adolescent @entity19865 diagnosed in a single Haematology Unit in Athens, Greece between 1990 and 2006. The median age of the @entity1 was 25 years (14-40) and 8/9 were females. All @entity1 presented with cervical @entity3329 sparing the supraclavicular fossa; one had associated @entity3329 , seven had @entity221 and two were asymptomatic. The median duration of @entity3329 before presentation was 30 days (10-45). Just palpable @entity381 was recorded in three @entity1 . The median value of the maximal lymph node diameter was 2 cm (1-5) and only 1/9 had nodes >2 cm in their largest diameter. Lymphadenopathy was tender in two @entity1 ; hard nodes were observed in three @entity1 . The median leukocyte count was 4.7 x 10(9)/l (2.2-4.9) with a normal differential in 7/9 @entity1 . No infectious agent could be demonstrated. One @entity1 had clinical and laboratory evidence of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). In conclusion, @entity19865 represents a rare but important diagnostic possibility for @entity1 presenting with @entity3329 in Greece and other western countries. In this setting, @entity792 , mainly lupus and @entity1701 , should be considered and excluded by the appropriate laboratory work-up.

title: Kikuchi's @entity3329 : a relatively rare but important cause of @entity3329 in Greece, potentially associated with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy', 'axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APLS']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ["Kikuchi's disease", 'Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of recombinant @entity1 alpha-l-iduronidase (laronidase) in @entity1 with @entity12751 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All 45 @entity1 who completed a 26-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of laronidase were enrolled in a 3.5-year open-label extension study. Mean @entity1 age at baseline was 16 (range: 6-43) years. All @entity1 had @entity536 (84% @entity12751 , 16% Scheie phenotypes). Clinical, biochemical, and health outcomes measures were evaluated through the extension phase. Changes are presented as the mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: All 40 @entity1 (89%) who completed the trial received at least 80% of scheduled infusions. As shown in earlier trials, urinary glycosaminoglycan levels decreased within the first 12 weeks and liver volume decreased within the first year. Percent predicted forced vital capacity remained stable, with a linear slope of -0.78 percentage points per year. The 6-minute walk distance increased 31.7 +/- 10.2 m in the first 2 years, with a final gain of 17.1 +/- 16.8 m. Improvements in the @entity386 / @entity387 index (decrease of 7.6 +/- 4.5 events per hour among the @entity1 with significant baseline @entity387 ) and shoulder flexion (increase of 17.4 degrees +/- 3.6 degrees) were most rapid during the first 2 years. Improvements in the @entity1 Health Assessment Questionnaire/Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (decrease of 0.31 +/- 0.11, signifying a clinically meaningful improvement in activities of daily living) were gradual and sustained over the treatment period. Laronidase infusions were generally well tolerated except in 1 @entity1 who experienced an anaphylactic reaction. Infusion-associated reactions, which occurred in 53% of the @entity1 , were mostly mild, easily managed, and decreased markedly after 6 months. One @entity1 died as a result of an upper @entity1729 unrelated to treatment. Antibodies to laronidase developed in 93% of the @entity1 ; 29% of the @entity1 were seronegative at their last assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrates the long-term clinical benefit and safety of laronidase in attenuated @entity1 with @entity12751 and highlights the magnitude and chronology of treatment effects. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment will maximize treatment outcomes.

title: Long-term efficacy and safety of laronidase in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated disease']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis I', 'Hurler-Scheie']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nerve conduction studies or somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have become an important tool in the investigation of @entity1897 , and is sensitive in detecting brachial @entity128 , and other @entity128 . To investigate whether the modified Quad surgical procedure improves nerve conductivity and functional outcomes in @entity5300 ( @entity5300 ) @entity1 . METHODS: All nerves were tested with direct functional electrical stimulation. A Prass probe was used to stimulate the nerves, and recording the response, the compound motor action potential (CMAP) in the muscle. SSEP monitoring was performed pre- and post modified Quad surgery, stimulating the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist, the radial nerve over the dorsum of the hand, recording the peripheral, cervical and cortical responses. All @entity1 have had the modified Quad surgery (n   =   19). The modified Quad surgery is a muscle release and transfer surgery with nerve decompressions. All @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by evaluating video recordings of standardized movements, the modified Mallet scale to index active shoulder movements. RESULTS: The cervical responses were significantly lower in amplitude in the affected arm than the un-affected arm. The median nerve conduction was significantly improved from 8.04 to 9.26 (P   <   0.022) post-operatively. The shoulder abduction was also significantly improved (pre-op 30      23.3 to 143      33.7, p   <   0.0001), with a mean follow-up of 43  months after the modified Quad surgery in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Median nerve conduction, and shoulder abduction were significantly improved in @entity5300 @entity1 , who have undergone the modified Quad procedure with neuroplasty, internal microneurolysis and tetanic stimulation of the median nerve.

title: Modified Quad surgery significantly improves the median nerve conduction and functional outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric brachial plexus nerve injury', 'OBPI']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['plexus nerve injury', 'nerve injuries']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['obstetric brachial plexus nerve injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prognosis for Fusarium keratitis is poor. Effective drugs to treat this infection are therefore needed. CASE REPORT: A @entity1 presented @entity10437 keratitis. The infection regressed with topical @entity2379 and intravenous @entity5074 . Topical steroids were introduced. There was reactivation and extension of the infection, invading the anterior chamber. @entity230 were discontinued and the antifungal treatment was restarted but there was continued deterioration. Recovery was achieved without surgery, with topical @entity5074 , topical liposomal @entity2379 , topical natamycin, intravenous liposomal @entity2379 , and intravenous @entity5074 . CONCLUSION: Combined orally and topically administered @entity5074 is a promising therapy when the minimum inhibitory concentration is approximately 2 microg/ml. Liposomal @entity2379 seems to be the most effective drug for the different infection stages. @entity7143 is a useful alternative but further investigations must be pursued.

title: [Successful treatment of resistant XXXX keratitis with liposomal @entity2379 ].

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['Posaconazole']

answer: @entity10437 :: (169388,Species) :: ['Fusarium solani']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study, different from the past researches, has been conducted in all age groups to understand the association between air pollutants, pollen risk indexes, and outpatients with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), @entity565 , and @entity483 ( @entity483 ). METHODS: Data on air pollutants, pollen risk indexes, and outpatients with each disease were collected from 2003 through 2011 to verify the association between them. All data are time-series materials that have been observed by time (day) and region, and are in a nonlinear shape. In particular, the total number of outpatients per day is a count data that had a Poisson distribution as the response variable. SAS 9.3 was used to make a statistical model, generalized additive model, with lag effects for the analysis. RESULTS: For @entity56 during spring (April-May) and fall (September-October), a significant association was shown between the variables of air pollutants, pollens, and the number of outpatients. Especially, the estimates of @entity6836 [ @entity2023 (43.00967      0.11284), @entity565 (52.01837      0.06452), @entity483 (52.01837      0.06452), p < 0.001] in spring and @entity9734 [ @entity2023 (43.00967      0.11284), @entity565 (52.01837      0.06452), @entity483 (52.01837      0.06452), p < 0.001] in fall were highly significant and showed a positive association with all diseases. CONCLUSION: Domestically and even internationally, various studies on the @entity56 are being conducted. However, not many studies related to similar studies. In the need of creating grounds to back up these efforts, additional studies on @entity56 , as well as researches utilizing pollen data, air pollution data, and claims data provided by the Health Insurance Corporation that has no problem in the representativeness of the data that have close relationships to the @entity56 will be needed.

title: Association between Pollen Risk Indexes, Air Pollutants, and XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Diseases']


abstract: The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in salt-sensitive @entity35 models of @entity101 are well understood. However, studies in salt-independent models have yielded mixed results, and therefore, we measured the hemodynamic effects of MR blockade in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . We treated spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 for 8 weeks with 30-300 mg.kg.d @entity14292 or 20 mg.kg.d @entity9886 and monitored BP using radiotelemetry and performed histopathological analyses of the hearts. @entity14292 , in contrast to @entity9886 , caused only a small reduction in systolic BP at the highest dose tested. Both reduced left ventricular wall thickness, although @entity14292 was less effective than @entity9886 . Only @entity9886 decreased heart weight. We observed foci of @entity296 characterized by combinations of infiltrating monocytes, @entity39 myocytes, and @entity82 in hearts of control animals. The number of foci seemed to be decreased in hearts of @entity9886 - and @entity14292 -treated animals. In a second study, using quantitative histomorphometry, the number of foci was significantly reduced by 20 mg.kg.d @entity9886 (by 68%) or by 300 mg.kg.d @entity14292 (by 50%). Our data support the hypothesis that a direct BP-independent effect on the progression of @entity296 in the heart may be one basis for the cardiac protection afforded by MR antagonism.

title: XXXX decreases inflammatory foci in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 hearts with minimal effects on blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity14292 :: (MESH:C414690,Chemical) :: ['Eplerenone']


abstract: Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor 99-126 (ir @entity8224 ), plasma volume, plasma @entity916 activity, and plasma @entity1369 were measured during pregnancy in 14 normotensive nonpregnant @entity1 , 15 normotensive pregnant @entity1 , 35 @entity1 with pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity5029 ), and in ten @entity1 with @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Repeated measurements were carried out 2 months after delivery in a subgroup of the same @entity1 . The plasma levels of @entity8224 were found to be higher in pregnant normotensive @entity1 than in nonpregnant normotensive @entity1 , but the decrease of plasma @entity8224 2 months after delivery was not significant on the basis of seven paired data, so that it cannot presently be stated with certainty that pregnancy per se stimulates @entity8224 secretion. Still higher levels of @entity8224 were found in @entity5029 and, especially, in @entity1468 . A positive correlation was found in the pooled population of normotensive and @entity101 pregnant @entity1 between plasma @entity8224 and mean arterial pressure. A greater decrease of plasma @entity8224 was found after delivery in the @entity101 @entity1 than in the normotensive controls. This excludes an @entity942 of @entity8224 secretion in the pathogenesis of @entity101 . These findings suggest a compensatory role of @entity8224 in the prevention of blood pressure increase. Plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) and plasma @entity1369 concentrations were higher in normotensive pregnant @entity1 than in normotensive nonpregnant @entity1 . Compared to normal pregnancy, plasma volume was decreased in @entity5029 (-17%) and in @entity1468 (-25%), whereas PRA was less increased in both groups and plasma @entity1369 concentration was less increased only in the @entity1468 group. The simultaneous high levels of plasma @entity8224 may explain this inappropriate hypostimulation of @entity916 secretion by @entity3485 in these @entity101 states.

title: Atrial natriuretic factor in pregnancy-induced XXXX and @entity1468 : increased plasma concentrations possibly explaining these @entity3485 states with paradoxical hyporeninism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['absolute deficiency']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14147 are well described in the literature, but its impact on health care is less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of non-operative management of @entity14147 , and resource utilization. METHODS: The Truven Health Database, consisting of 279 employers and over 3000 hospitals, was reviewed for all @entity14147 @entity1 , aged 18-64 who were enrolled in health plans for 12  months prior to surgery and 12  months after surgery. @entity1 were excluded if they had a recurrence or had been offered a "no surgery" approach within 1  year of the index date. The remaining @entity1 were separated into surgery (open or laparoscopic repair) or no surgery (NS). Post-cost analysis at 90 and 365  days and estimated days off from work were reviewed for each group. RESULTS: The non-surgery cohort had a higher proportion of females and comorbidity index. Adjusted analysis showed significantly higher 90 and 365 costs for the surgery group (p  <  0.0001), though the cost difference did decrease over time. NS group had significantly higher estimated days of health-care utilization at both the 90 (1.99 vs. 3.58 p  <  0.0001) and 365 (8.69 vs. 11.04 p  <  0.0001) day post-index mark. A subgroup analysis demonstrated laparoscopic repair had higher costs compared to open primarily due to higher index procedure costs (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Though the financial costs were found to be higher in the surgery group, the majority of these were due to the surgery itself. Significantly higher days of health-care utilization and estimated days off work were experienced in the NS group. It is our belief that early operative intervention will lead to decreased costs and resource utilization.

title: XXXX : the cost of waiting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['Umbilical hernias', 'umbilical hernia', 'umbilical hernias on cost, work absenteeism']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['Umbilical hernias']


abstract: In a prospective, randomised trial, 100 pregnant @entity1 with >/= one prior spontaneous pre-term birth were randomised into two groups. Group 1 @entity1 received 100 mg natural micronised @entity1420 intravaginally once daily from 20-24 weeks' gestation until 36 weeks. Group 2 @entity1 did not receive @entity1420 . Both groups were regularly supervised until delivery. Pre-term birth (<37 and <34 weeks) and other maternal, neonatal outcomes were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare continuous variables and multiple comparisons, respectively. Pre-term births <37 weeks were significantly lower in Group 1 (12% vs 38%, p = 0.002), but pre-term births <34 weeks were similar. The mean birth weight of neonates born to @entity1 in Group 1 was significantly higher (2800 vs 2,500 g, p = 0.023). We concluded intravaginal administration of 100 mg of natural micronised @entity1420 significantly reduced the incidence of pre-term birth <37 weeks in @entity1 with > or = one prior pre-term birth. Future research is warranted to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of @entity1420 .

title: Intravaginal use of natural micronised XXXX to prevent pre-term birth: a randomised trial in India.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Agents currently used in the treatment of @entity322 secondary to @entity1690 are effective and minimally invasive. Ensuring a lack of sensitivity to the product or use of autologous material, such as fat, minimizes significant problems. However, local and systemic complications can occur with any bulking agent. We describe rare complications of periurethral bulk injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cases of sterile abscess formation and 1 of @entity1151 after periurethral bulk injections were reviewed. Two @entity1 with @entity1690 were treated with transurethral injection of @entity3584 cross-linked collagen at the Mayo Clinic, 1 also treated with collagen for @entity1690 was referred from elsewhere and 1 underwent periurethral injection of autologous fat for @entity1690 elsewhere. Clinical information and @entity1 followup were obtained from medical records and discussion with treating physicians. RESULTS: Three @entity1 treated with collagen presented with sterile abscesses at the injection site after routine transurethral injection. Documentation of the abscesses included cystoscopic findings, magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis and/or transvaginal ultrasound. Drainage procedures for relief of obstructive and @entity146 were required in 2 @entity1 . In 1 of these @entity1 transurethral unroofing failed, and transvaginal incision and drainage were required while the other had slow spontaneous improvement but a mass remained at the injection site 3 months later. Repeat skin testing was negative in 2 of 3 cases. Currently, these 3 @entity1 are asymptomatic except for continued @entity322 . @entity1151 was documented in 1 @entity1 who underwent periurethral autologous fat injection. This @entity1 survived without long-term consequences but was maintained on ventilatory support for a short time. CONCLUSIONS: In general, periurethral injection of bulk agents is safe and effective. However, injectable bulk agents are not without risk of complications, some of which are life threatening and others of considerable morbidity that may require operative intervention.

title: Complications of sterile abscess formation and XXXX following periurethral bulking agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative voiding symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: We report the case of a 52 year-old male in the chronic phase of @entity1860 , with @entity8487 chromosome due to t(9;22) in the karyotype. He was treated with courses of @entity1863 and @entity1862 . Fourteen months after initial presentation, the @entity1 developed @entity221 , non-productive cough, maculonodular violaceous painful @entity272 and @entity358 visible on a chest roentgenogram. Laboratory data, repeated @entity236 and biopsy and karyotype analysis showed findings similar to those of the initial diagnosis. A biopsy taken from one of the trunk lesions was consistent with @entity7250 . Oral @entity1667 therapy was initiated at doses of 64 mg daily, and the @entity272 and @entity221 were rapidly resolved. When we reduced the @entity134 dose, @entity272 and @entity221 recurred. Two further courses of @entity134 therapy were given with similar results. Finally we treated him with naproxen (750 mg daily for 1 month) with a rapid and stable response. This drug should be considered as an alternative treatment for @entity1 with @entity7250 not responding to corticosteroids or for immunocompromised hosts.

title: @entity7250 during the chronic phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['Philadelphia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ["Sweet's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: @entity32 causes @entity209 , including insulin resistance and @entity1560 . Exercise training (EX) may decrease adipose tissue @entity32 , thereby ameliorating such disturbances, even in the absence of fat loss. The purpose of this study was to 1) compare the effects of low-fat diet (LFD), EX, and their combination on @entity32 , insulin resistance, and @entity1560 in high-fat diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 and 2) determine the effect of intervention duration (i.e., 6 vs. 12 wk). C57BL/6 @entity19 (n = 109) fed a 45% fat diet (HFD) for 6 wk were randomly assigned to an EX (treadmill: 5 days/wk, 6 or 12 wk, 40 min/day, 65-70% Vo(2max)) or sedentary (SED) group. @entity19 remained on HFD or were placed on a 10% fat diet (LFD) for 6 or 12 wk. Following interventions, fat pads were weighed and expressed relative to body weight; @entity1560 was assessed by total liver @entity412 and insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and @entity413 AUC. RT-PCR was used to determine adipose gene expression of @entity8929 , @entity11496 , @entity637 , and leptin. By 12 wk, @entity8929 , @entity11496 , and @entity637 mRNA were reduced by EX and LFD. Exercise (P = 0.02), adiposity (P = 0.03), and adipose @entity11496 (P = 0.02) predicted reductions in HOMA-IR (r(2) = 0.75, P < 0.001); only adiposity (P = 0.04) predicted improvements in @entity1560 (r(2) = 0.51, P < 0.001). Compared with LFD, EX attenuated increases in adiposity, @entity1560 , and adipose @entity8929 expression from 6 to 12 wk. There are unique metabolic consequences of a sedentary lifestyle and HFD that are most evident long term, highlighting the importance of both EX and LFD in preventing @entity28 -related @entity209 .

title: Effects of exercise and low-fat diet on adipose tissue @entity32 and metabolic complications in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Adipose tissue inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous bone grafts have the disadvantages of donor-site @entity158 and morbidity, finite supply, increased costs, and prolonged hospitalizations. Using a juvenile @entity235 model, the authors hypothesized that recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity13062 gene therapy-treated @entity133 would promote bone healing and @entity235 @entity203 equal to their autografted counterparts. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity3573 were created in juvenile foxhound @entity235 with a mean age of 80.8 days. Nineteen defects were treated with DNA plasmid encoding rhBMP-4, 16 defects were autografted, 15 defects contained scaffold only, and 15 defects were left unrepaired. At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, bone density and @entity203 were measured, respectively. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance testing with statistical significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, the bone densities in the rhBMP-4, autografted, scaffold-only, and defect-only groups were 31.2 +/- 6.5, 30.5 +/- 8.1, 18.4 +/- 3.8, and 15.2 +/- 4.0 percent, respectively. A significant effect (p < 0.05) was observed between the rhBMP-4 gene therapy-treated and autografted groups compared with the scaffold-only and defect-only groups. At 12 weeks, the rates of @entity203 measured in the rhBMP-4, autografted, scaffold-only, and defect-only groups were 67.4 +/- 15.8, 58.3 +/- 18.8, 52.7 +/- 16.2, and 45.0 +/- 13.3 percent, respectively. A significant effect (p < 0.05) was observed between the rhBMP-4 gene therapy-treated and defect-only groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the present studies, rhBMP-4 gene therapy was equivalent to autografting and superior to the scaffold-only and unrepaired defect in bone regeneration and @entity203 . With decreased morbidity and cost, rhBMP-4 gene therapy may ultimately become an alternative to autografting to repair bony defects.

title: rhBMP-4 gene therapy in a juvenile @entity235 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity13062 :: ('652', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['tooth eruption']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar defects']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary alveolar defects']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar defect']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) for diagnosing @entity210 compared with a composite gold standard (CGS) comprising joint @entity1173 and/or American College of Rheumatology clinico-radiographic criteria. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 of suspected @entity210 underwent radiography and DECT of bilateral feet and knees. Radiographs and non-contrast CT (NCCT) were assessed for morphological characteristics, following which DECT was used to identify urate deposits. RESULTS: With CGS as a reference (n = 90), sensitivity of radiographs was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6-27%) while specificity was 100% (95% CI: 90-100%). Sensitivity of NCCT was 26% (95% CI: 15-40%) while specificity was 97% (95% CI: 85-99%). Sensitivity of DECT was 82% (95% CI: 68-90%) while specificity was 89% (95% CI: 73-96%). Fifty-five @entity1 underwent joint @entity1173 . Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs and NCCT with @entity1173 as a reference (n = 55) were not much different from that of CGS. However, DECT showed a higher sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 86-100%) and a lower specificity of 48% (95%CI: 28-68%) with @entity1173 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Dual energy computed tomography had higher sensitivity compared to conventional imaging with CGS as a reference; however, its specificity dropped with @entity1173 as a reference. It may be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of @entity210 , especially in the acute and inter-critical stage.

title: Dual energy computed tomography: a novel technique for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies associate preeclampsia with increased risk of premature @entity65 ( @entity65 ) later in life. This study aims to make a comprehensive @entity65 risk assessment comparing @entity1 with previous preeclamptic pregnancies to @entity1 with previous normotensive pregnancies 10years after index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A nested, matched, observational cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Markers of @entity432 , aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and augmentation index (AIx-75), and markers of @entity731 , carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque presence. Traditional @entity65 risk factors and 10-year and 30-year Framingham @entity65 risk scores were also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were included from April 2014 to October 2014 at a tertiary referral hospital in Denmark. Twenty-one exposed @entity1 with a history of preeclampsia and 21 unexposed with a history of normotensive pregnancies were included. Ten years after delivery, significantly more exposed @entity1 suffered from @entity101 and received antihypertensive treatment and significantly more fulfilled the @entity101 at screening. Previously preeclamptic @entity1 also tended to have more unfavorable @entity65 risk estimates. The Framingham risk scores seemed to extend the unfavorable @entity65 risk. The exposed @entity1 tended to have a higher aPWV compared to unexposed @entity1 , (P=0.057). No differences were shown in the other examined @entity1294 or atherosclerotic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Ten years after delivery, we found increased risk of @entity101 and trend toward unfavorable @entity65 risk profile in 40-year-old previously preeclamptic @entity1 . However, @entity432 and @entity731 did not uncover any additional @entity65 risk information at this time point.

title: Preeclampsia and XXXX risk assessment - Do @entity432 and @entity731 uncover increased risk ten years after delivery?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertension-definition']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interpretation of gait data obtained from modern 3D gait analysis is a challenging and time consuming task. The aim of this study was to create @entity1274 which can recognise the gait patterns from pre- and post-treatment and the normal ones. Neural network is a method which works on the principle of learning from experience and then uses the obtained knowledge to predict the unknowns. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity306 were recruited as subjects whose gait was analysed in pre and post-treatment. A group of twenty-six normal subjects also participated in this study as control group. All subjects' gait was analysed using Vicon Nexus to obtain the gait parameters and kinetic and kinematic parameters of hip, knee and @entity3681 in three planes of both limbs. The gait data was used as input to create @entity1274 . A total of approximately 300 trials were split into 70% and 30% to train and test the models, respectively. Different models were built using different parameters. The gait modes were categorised as three patterns, i.e., normal, pre- and post-treatments. RESULTS: The results showed that the models using all parameters or using the joint angles and moments could predict the gait patterns with approximately 95% accuracy. Some of the models e.g., the models using joint power and moments, had lower rate in recognition of gait patterns with approximately 70-90% successful ratio. CONCLUSION: Neural network models can be used in clinical practice to recognise the gait pattern for @entity306 @entity1 .

title: GAIT PATTERN RECOGNITION IN CEREBRAL PALSY XXXX USING NEURAL NETWORK MODELLING.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network models']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research in novel therapies for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) relies on @entity1 with @entity195 as research subjects. Because @entity195 impairs decisional capacity, informed consent often must come from surrogates, usually close family members. But policies for surrogate consent for research remain unsettled after decades of debate. METHODS: We designed a survey module for a random subsample (n = 1,515) of the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, a biennial survey of a nationally representative sample of Americans aged 51 and older. The @entity1 answered questions regarding one of four randomly assigned surrogate-based research (SBR) scenarios: lumbar puncture study, drug randomized control study, vaccine study, and gene transfer study. Each @entity1 answered three questions: whether our society should allow family surrogate consent, whether one would want to participate in the research, and whether one would allow one's surrogate some or complete leeway to override stated personal preferences. RESULTS: Most respondents stated that our society should allow family surrogate consent for SBR (67.5% to 82.5%, depending on the scenario) and would themselves want to participate in SBR (57.4% to 79.7%). Most would also grant some or complete leeway to their surrogates (54.8% to 66.8%), but this was true mainly of those willing to participate. There was a trend toward lower willingness to participate in SBR among those from ethnic or racial minority groups. CONCLUSIONS: Family surrogate consent-based @entity303 research is broadly supported by older Americans. Willingness to allow leeway to future surrogates needs to be studied further for its ethical significance for surrogate-based research policy.

title: Surrogate consent for XXXX research: a national survey of older Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Staff from two neighbouring trusts working in the fields of family planning and @entity458 worked together to develop joint guidelines and from this evolved a training initiative. It was acknowledged that staff were either primarily trained in family planning or in the management of @entity2953 ( @entity28620 ) and therefore the training would be interdisciplinary. In line with current educational thinking it was also decided to make it multiprofessional. A pilot training project was therefore set up to answer the question 'can self directed learning combined with facilitated small group study sessions provide theoretical updating for a range of health professionals within the field of reproductive and @entity458 '. The project aimed to increase theoretical knowledge of contraception, @entity2953 and termination of pregnancy for all relevant nursing and medical staff working within the two trusts. The stated outcome of the project was for all staff to achieve a wider core knowledge of the identified topics, regardless of whether their primary training and knowledge base was in family planning or @entity2953 . The project spanned five months and offered professional development packages in hormonal contraception, non-hormonal contraception, termination of pregnancy, bacterial and minor STIs and viral STIs. The pilot project was well received and the process was shown to be an effective way of increasing the knowledge base. The knowledge shift was greatest in the opposing discipline to the primary discipline of each @entity1 . There were added advantages in team building for staff within the same trust and networking across trusts. The strengths and weaknesses of the process were identified and used to develop ideas for future professional development initiatives.

title: Professional development in reproductive and XXXX --a pilot study from Suffolk, UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections', 'sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual health']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 is one of the most important causes of @entity385 . The purposes of this study were to recognize the incidence of @entity385 , the use of antithrombotic agents, the predictors of @entity385 , and prescription of @entity1229 during the three-years after @entity955 was diagnosed. METHODS: This was a descriptive design and chart review study, comprised of 1211 subjects at two hospitals in Northern Taiwan who were aged >=  60 at their first diagnosis of @entity955 . Chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity385 was 46.2% during the three-years after @entity955 was diagnosed, with 86.3% of those occurring in the first year. The prescription rate was 53.3% in antithrombotic therapy, which included 42.5% antiplatelet agents and 10.8% @entity1229 . The positive predictors of @entity385 were age >=  75 (odds ratio = 1.48) and a history of @entity385 (odds ratio = 3.19); the negative predictors were continued use of @entity1229 (odds ratio = 0.01), transient use of @entity1229 (odds ratio = 0.25), alternating use of @entity1229 and antiplatelet agents (odds ratio = 0.04), and use of antiplatelet agents alone (odds ratio = 0.13). The positive predictors of prescribing @entity1229 were a history of @entity385 (odds ratio = 2.32), @entity1031 (odds ratio = 31.06), @entity4794 (odds ratio = 10.02), and mechanical valve replacement (odds ratio = 136.02). The negative predictor of prescribing @entity1229 was age >=  75 (odds ratio = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: It is important in prevention of @entity385 to give antithrombotic therapy to newly diagnosed @entity955 @entity1 . Underuse of antithrombotic therapy and @entity1229 were more severe in our study than in Western countries.

title: Underuse of antithrombotic therapy caused high incidence of @entity385 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant response is likely influenced by genetic constitution, but the actual genes involved have yet to be determined. We have carried out a genomewide association study to determine whether common DNA variation influences antidepressant response. METHODS: Our sample is derived from Level 1 @entity1 in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve @entity308 (STAR*D) study, all treated with @entity837 . Association for the response phenotype included 883 responders and 608 nonresponders. For the remission phenotype, 743 subjects that achieved remission were compared with 608 nonresponders. We used a subset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 430,198) from the Affymetrix 500K and 5.0 @entity1 SNP Arrays, and association analysis was carried out after correcting for population stratification. RESULTS: We identified three SNPs associated with response with p values less than 1 x 10(-5) near the @entity32199 gene ( @entity32200 , p = 4.65 x 10(-7)), another 100 kb away from @entity12017 ( @entity32201 , p = 3.45 x 10(-6)), and a third that is intronic in the @entity19829 gene ( @entity32202 , p = 8.19 x 10(-6)). These same SNPs were also associated with remission. Thirty-nine additional SNPs are of interest with p values < or = .0001 for the response and remission phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the findings reported here do not meet a genomewide threshold for significance, the regions identified from this study provide targets for independent replication and novel pathways to investigate mechanisms of antidepressant response. This study was not placebo controlled, making it possible that we are also observing associations to nonspecific aspects of drug treatment of @entity308 .

title: A genomewide association study of @entity837 response in major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: In the past 20 years from 1970 to 1990, 21 @entity1 with @entity5 of the ear were treated at Cancer Institute Hospital. The primary sites were the auricle and cartilaginous external auditory canal (group 1: n = 8), the bony external auditory canal (group 2: n = 6) and the middle ear (group 3:n = 7). In group 1, pathological types were @entity957 in four @entity1 and @entity1491 in the other four @entity1 . Seven @entity1 were treated by surgery alone, and the remaining @entity1 was treated by interstitial implant radiotherapy. No recurrence have been noted up to today in this group. In group 2, pathological types were @entity957 in four @entity1 and @entity2347 in the other two @entity1 . All of the six @entity1 underwent external canal resection or subtotal temporal resection. Two @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy. A five year survival rate of group 2 was 60%. In group 3, pathological types were @entity957 in six @entity1 and @entity189 in the remaining @entity1 . Most of them underwent radical mastoidectomy followed by irradiation. However, all the @entity1 died within two years after treatment. In group 2 and 3, cytodiagnosis was useful for early discovery. In group 2, temporomandibular joint seemed to be a key point in surgical treatment. In group 3, the combination of conservative surgery with radiotherapy was not a radical treatment. This suggested it necessary to perform subtotal temporal resection to treat @entity5 of the middle ear.

title: [A retrospective analysis of surgical operations on XXXX of the ear].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 @entity1 have a decreased Quality of Life (QoL) which is in part due to extreme @entity1295 . In a pilot study we prospectively assessed the feasibility and effect of psychological interventions in the management of @entity1295 . METHODS: @entity1 with quiescent @entity30 and a high @entity1295 score according to the Checklist Individual Strength were randomized to Problem Solving Therapy (PST), @entity34 ( @entity34 ) or to a control group (treatment as usual, TAU). @entity1 completed the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, the EuroQol-5D, and the Trimbos questionnaire for Costs. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were included (12 TAU, 9 PST, 8 @entity34 ), of these 72% were female, mean age was 31 years (range 20-50). The @entity34 group improved on the @entity1295 scale in 85.7% of the @entity1 , in the PST group 60% showed improved @entity1295 scores and in the TAU group 45.5%. Although not significant, in both intervention groups the QoL increased. Medical costs lowered in 57.1% of the @entity1 in the @entity34 group, in the TAU 45.5% and the in PST group 20%. The drop out rate was highest in the PST group (44%; @entity34 12.5%; TAU 8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: PST and @entity34 both positively affect the @entity1295 and QoL scores in @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity34 seems most feasible with fewer dropouts and is therefore a promising new tool in the management of @entity1295 in @entity30 @entity1 .

title: Solution focused therapy: a promising new tool in the management of @entity1295 in @entity30 @entity1 psychological interventions for the management of XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Solution Focused Therapy', 'SFT']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']