abstract: @entity1756 , acute type B dissection, blunt @entity130 , and penetrating aortic ulcer can present with a similar clinical profile of thoracic @entity1755 . We report a meta-analysis of comparative studies evaluating endoluminal graft versus open repair of these lesions as well as the early experience from our institution. We searched the following databases for reports of endovascular versus open repair of acute descending thoracic @entity1755 : Medline/PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. We used the random-effects model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality, @entity451 /paraparesis and @entity64 rates. Also, the medical records of the @entity1 treated in our institution with this technique from 2000 to 2008 were reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities and operative procedure information were retrieved. Outcomes examined were mortality, @entity451 and @entity64 . Meta-analysis indicates that endoluminal graft repair is accompanied by lower procedure related mortality (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.78, p=0.005) and @entity451 rates (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.65, p=0.005), as compared to open repair. There was no difference in @entity64 rate between the two methods (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.26-2.8, p=0.8). We have treated 13 @entity1 with endoluminal stent-grafts. No conversion to open repair was necessary. @entity64 rate was 15%, no @entity1 died as a result of the stent-graft placement, one @entity1 died as a result of massive @entity542 (overall 30-day mortality: 7.5%). There were no spinal cord ischemic complications. Our experience and meta-analysis indicate that thoracic endograft repair has low mortality and spinal cord complication rates for treatment of acute thoracic @entity1755 . If this method proves to be durable, it could replace open repair as the treatment of choice for these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Endovascular versus open repair for descending thoracic XXXX : institutional experience and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Rupture of thoracic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['aortic rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate our institution's experience using chemotherapy in conjunction with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1991 to 1998, 152 @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) were treated with 3D-CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A total of 137 @entity1 (90%) were surgically staged with either thoracotomy or mediastinoscopy. The remainder were staged radiographically. Seventy @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy alone, and 82 @entity1 received induction chemotherapy before radiation. The majority of chemotherapy-treated @entity1 received a @entity902 -containing regimen. Radiation was delivered with a 3D conformal technique using CT-based treatment planning. The median dose in the radiation alone group was 70.2 Gy, while in the combined modality group, it was 64.8 Gy. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 30.5 months among survivors. Stage IIIB disease was present in 36 @entity1 (51%) in the radiation-alone group and 57 @entity1 (70%) in the combined-modality group. Thirty-nine @entity1 had poor prognostic factors (KPS < 70 or @entity353 > 5%), and they were equally distributed between the two groups. The median survival times for the radiation-alone and the combined-modality groups were 11.7 months and 18.1 months, respectively (p = 0.001). The 2-year rates of local control in the radiation-alone and combined-modality groups were 35.4% and 43.1%, respectively (p = 0.1). Grade 3 or worse nonhematologic @entity137 occurred in 20% of the @entity1 receiving radiation alone and in 16% of those receiving chemotherapy and radiation. Overall, there were only 4 cases of Grade 3 or worse @entity2910 . CONCLUSION: Despite more Stage IIIB @entity1 in the combined-modality group, the addition of chemotherapy to 3D-CRT produced a survival advantage over 3D-CRT alone in @entity5 without a concomitant increase in @entity137 . Chemotherapy thus appears to be beneficial, even in @entity1 who are receiving higher doses of radiation therapy than are typically given with conventional techniques. Because @entity177 remains a major challenge in @entity1 with @entity1442 , 3D-CRT in conjunction with chemotherapy may allow safe treatment to the dose levels required to further enhance local control.

title: Induction chemotherapy plus three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the definitive treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III NSCLC', 'Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional failure']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The B(1) type receptor of @entity1812 (Bk @entity29138 ) is believed to be physiologically inert but highly inducible by inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. To explore the potential participation of the Bk @entity29138 in blood pressure (BP) regulation, we studied @entity19 with deleted Bk @entity15347 gene with induced experimental @entity101 , either salt-dependent (subtotal nephrectomy with 0.5% @entity1219 as drinking water) or renin/angiotensin-dependent (renovascular 2-kidney-1-clip). Compared with the wild-type controls, the @entity15347 gene knockout @entity19 had a higher baseline BP (109.7+/-1.1 versus 101.1+/-1.3 mm Hg, P:=0.002), developed salt-induced @entity101 faster (in 19.3+/-2.3 versus 27.7+/-2.4 days, P:=0.024), and had a more severe end point BP (148+/-3.7 versus 133+/-3.1 mm Hg, P:<0.05). On the contrary, @entity2792 developed to the same extent (149.7+/-4.3 versus 148+/-3.6 mm Hg) and in the same time frame (14+/-2.2 versus 14+/-2.1 days). A bolus infusion of a selective @entity29138 antagonist at baseline produced a significant @entity101 response (by 11.4+/-2 mm Hg) in the knockout @entity19 only. Injection of graded doses of a selective @entity29138 agonist produced a dose-dependent @entity551 response in the knockout @entity19 only. Assessment of tissue expression of @entity29138 and @entity15347 genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques revealed significantly higher @entity29138 mRNA levels in the @entity15347 knockout @entity19 at all times (normotensive baseline and @entity101 end points). At the @entity101 end points, there was always an increase in @entity29138 gene expression over the baseline values. This increase was significant in cardiac and renal tissues in all @entity101 wild-type @entity19 but only in the clipped kidney of the renovascular knockout @entity19 . The @entity15347 gene expression in the wild-type @entity19 remained unaffected by experimental manipulations. These results confirm the known vasodilatory and natriuretic function of the Bk @entity15347 ; they also indicate that in its absence, the @entity29138 can become upregulated and assume some of the hemodynamic properties of the @entity15347 . Furthermore, they indicate that experimental manipulations to produce @entity101 also induce upregulation of the @entity29138 , but not the @entity15347 , in cardiac and renal tissues.

title: Vasoactive potential of the b(1) @entity1812 receptor in normotension and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Although the reinforcing properties of food are reduced in the presence of @entity935 antagonist drugs, controversy exists about the relative roles of D1 vs D2 receptor subtypes in the actions of these drugs. The current experiment compared the effects of @entity11641 (a selective D2 receptor antagonist) and @entity40080 (a selective D1 receptor antagonist) in the response-reinstating effects of food reinforcement. Hungry @entity35 were trained to run a straight-alley for food reinforcement during single daily trials. The operant was then extinguished during consecutive daily non-reinforced trials. Subjects were then injected with one of four doses of @entity11641 (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity40080 (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min prior to a single reinforced treatment trial. Twenty-four h later, a test trial was conducted in an unbaited runway. The single reinforced trial in the midst of extinction was observed to reinstate operant runway performance. @entity11641 , but not @entity40080 , dose-dependently attenuated this reinstatement. Motor control groups ruled out the possibility that these results were due to differential residual motor effects of the drugs. Results suggest that D2, but not D1, @entity935 receptors, are involved in the response-reinstating properties of food reinforcement.

title: A role for D2, but not D1, XXXX receptors in the response-reinstating effects of food reinforcement.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride', 'Raclopride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Adrenergic agonists have different modulatory effects on excitatory synaptic transmission depending on the receptor subtypes involved. The present study examined the loci of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists, which have opposite effects on excitatory neural transmission, involved in modulation of glutamatergic transmission in layer V pyramidal cells of @entity35 cerebral cortex. @entity2647 , an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist, suppressed the amplitude of @entity140 receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents evoked by repetitive electrical stimulation (eEPSCs, 10 pulses at 33 Hz). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the 1st eEPSC amplitude and paired-pulse ratio (PPR), which were sensitive to extracellular @entity141 concentration, were not affected by @entity2647 . @entity2647 suppressed miniature EPSC (mEPSC) amplitude without changing its frequency. In contrast, @entity3044 , a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, strongly increased the amplitude of the 1st eEPSC compared with that of the 2nd to 10th eEPSCs, which resulted in a decrease in PPR. @entity3044 -induced enhancement of eEPSC amplitude was accompanied by a decrease in CV. @entity3044 increased the frequency of mEPSCs without significant effect on amplitude. @entity2647 suppressed inward currents evoked by puff application of @entity2227 , @entity140 , or @entity143 , whereas @entity3044 application was not accompanied by significant changes in these inward currents. These findings suggest that @entity2647 decreases eEPSCs through postsynaptic @entity140 or @entity143 receptors, while the effects of @entity3044 are mediated by facilitation of @entity2227 release from presynaptic terminals without effect on postsynaptic @entity2227 receptors. These two different mechanisms of modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission may improve the "signal-to-noise ratio" in cerebral cortex.

title: Presynaptic and postsynaptic modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by activation of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptors in layer V pyramidal neurons of XXXX cerebral cortex.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE : VaCDPK3a is actively expressed in leaves, stems, inflorescences, and berries of Vitis amurensis and may act as a positive growth regulator, but is not involved in the regulation of @entity4025 biosynthesis. @entity460 -dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are known to play important roles in plant development and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. It has previously been shown that CDPK3a is the predominant CDPK transcript in cell cultures of wild-growing grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr., which is known to possess high resistance against environmental stresses and to produce @entity4025 , a @entity3978 with valuable pharmacological effects. In this study, we aimed to define the full cDNA sequence of VaCDPK3a and analyze its organ-specific expression, responses to plant hormones, temperature stress and exogenous @entity1219 , and the effects of VaCDPK3a overexpression on biomass accumulation and @entity4025 content in V. amurensis calli. VaCDPK3a was actively expressed in all analyzed V. amurensis organs and tissues and was not transcriptionally regulated by salt and temperature stresses. The highest VaCDPK3a expression was detected in young leaves and the lowest in stems. A reduction in the VaCDPK3a expression correlated with a lower rate of biomass accumulation and higher @entity4025 content in calli of V. amurensis under different growth conditions. Overexpression of the VaCDPK3a gene in the V. amurensis calli significantly increased cell growth for a short period of time but did not have an effect on @entity4025 production. Further subculturing of the transformed calli resulted in cell death and a decrease in expression of the endogenous VaCDPK3a. The data suggest that while VaCDPK3a acts as a positive regulator of V. amurensis cell growth, it is not involved in the signaling pathway regulating @entity4025 biosynthesis and resistance to salt and temperature stresses.

title: Structure and expression profiling of a novel XXXX -dependent protein kinase gene, CDPK3a, in leaves, stems, grapes, and cell cultures of wild-growing grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has potential value in producing @entity1337 in the postoperative period, but previous trials have inconsistent results. We aimed to study the effect of electroacupuncture on @entity158 and @entity390 and the requirement for postoperative @entity1337 via @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 . METHOD: 107 @entity1 who were undergoing abdominal hysterectomy or laparascopic cholecystectomy were randomised to receive either electroacupuncture (n = 56) or no additional treatment (n = 46) during the operative period. We measured the use of @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 and time in recovery as well as @entity158 , @entity1209 , and sedation. 102 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The majority of @entity1 were female: the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group included 10 males. Adhesive dressings were placed over all acupuncture points in both groups, to ensure blinding of @entity1 and assessors during the recovery period. RESULTS: The electroacupuncture group had a longer duration of operation but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the groups for the requirement for @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 or total time in recovery. @entity158 scores were marginally lower in the acupuncture group, but not significantly, and there were no differences between the groups in @entity390 or sedation scores. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at 10 Hz given under general anaesthetic has no effect on postoperative @entity390 or analgesic requirement. Future studies should investigate acupuncture given before or after surgery.

title: Effect of intraoperative electroacupuncture on postoperative @entity158 , analgesic requirements, XXXX and sedation: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of @entity31949 to cytokine concentrations and clinical outcomes in critically ill surgical @entity1 . DESIGN: Consecutive, prospective case series. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit of an urban university hospital. @entity1 : Subjects were 111 @entity1 with a variety of @entity3124 , for whom serum lipid, lipoprotein, and cytokine concentrations were determined within 24 hrs of admission to a surgical intensive care unit. Controls were 32 healthy @entity1 and @entity1 for whom serum lipid, lipoprotein, and cytokine concentrations were determined. INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples were drawn on admission to the intensive care unit. Predetermined clinical outcomes including death, infection subsequent to intensive care unit admission, length of intensive care unit stay, and magnitude of organ dysfunction were monitored prospectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements included total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1675 , phospholipid, @entity412 , @entity650 , @entity688 , soluble interleukin-2 receptor, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, and soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor receptors @entity2902 and @entity10733 . Mean serum lipid concentrations were extremely low: total @entity165 , 127 +/- 52 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , 75 +/- 41 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , 29 +/- 15 mg/dL. Total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations and apolipoprotein concentrations inversely correlated with @entity650 , soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and @entity688 concentrations, whereas the @entity412 concentration correlated positively with @entity5 @entity39 factor soluble receptors @entity2902 and @entity10733 . Clinical outcomes were related to whether the admission @entity165 concentration was above (n = 56) or below (n = 55) the median concentration of 120 mg/dL. Each of the clinical end points occurred between 1.9- and 3.5-fold more frequently in the very low @entity165 (<120 mg/dL) group. Nine @entity1 (8%) died during the hospitalization. Seven of the nine @entity1 who died had total @entity165 concentrations below the median concentration of 120 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Low @entity165 and lipoprotein concentrations found in critically ill surgical @entity1 correlate with @entity650 , soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and @entity688 concentrations and predict clinical outcomes.

title: Relationship of XXXX to cytokine concentrations and outcomes in critically ill surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity31949 :: ('MESH:C565732', 'Disease') :: ['hypolipidemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A-I and B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity31949 :: (MESH:C565732,Disease) :: ['hypolipidemia']


abstract: Field-grown plants of the @entity10216 mutant RPr79/4 show @entity39 in leaves and preferentially die. Initially, @entity39 exhibited by RPr79/4 were used to indirectly assess the role of distinct levels of catalase on the survival and agronomic performance of field-grown @entity2247 progeny. The segregation of three control traits was also analyzed to eliminate the influence of any obvious meiotic disturbance in case a reduction of plant survival was observed. The RPr79/4 @entity39 phenotype had recessive expression in field-grown F1 plants. F2 progeny studies performed in the greenhouse revealed that the inheritance of @entity39 was monofactorial, and that the control traits segregated as expected. Progeny test analyses of field-grown F2 plants demonstrated that @entity39 homozygous plants died preferentially. While the few surviving @entity39 homozygous families were @entity10216 , healthy homozygous families had normal levels of catalase. Progeny test analyses of the control traits confirmed the inheritance calculated in F2. Taken together, these findings indicate that abnormal segregation of @entity39 cannot be attributed to any obvious abnormal meiotic behavior but to the incapacity of @entity10216 plants to overcome field stress conditions. Thus, @entity10216 in @entity2247 reduced survival and pleiotropically affected the agronomic performance by diminishing seed weight and yield.

title: XXXX reduces survival and pleiotropically affects agronomic performance in field-grown @entity2247 progeny.

entities_list: @entity10216 :: ('MESH:D020642', 'Disease') :: ['catalase deficiency', 'catalase-deficient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrotic lesions']

answer: @entity10216 :: (MESH:D020642,Disease) :: ['Catalase deficiency']


abstract: The clinical significance of stress-induced ST-segment elevation and T-wave pseudonormalization in @entity1188 -related leads is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted the present study to assess this issue using simultaneous @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) and @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography. A total of 119 @entity1 with Q-wave @entity583 were enrolled in this study. There were 58 @entity1 with (group I) and 61 @entity1 without (group II) @entity452 -induced @entity1619 changes. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 43 +/- 13% in group I and 49 +/- 14% in group II (p <0.05). The baseline, low-, and peak-dose global wall motion scores were similar between these 2 groups (26.2 +/- 6.1 vs 26.2 +/- 6.3 [p = NS]; 24.1 +/- 5.3 vs 23.5 +/- 5.7 [p = NS]; 26.4 +/- 5.7 vs 26.7 +/- 6.1 [p = NS]). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these @entity1619 changes for detecting @entity296 and @entity63 documented by DSE in all @entity1 were 50%, 53%, and 51% (for viability), and 47%, 48%, and 47% (for @entity63 ), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these @entity1619 changes for detecting a reversible perfusion defect documented by @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography were 51%, 54%, and 52%, respectively. In conclusion, @entity452 -induced ST elevation and/or T-wave pseudonormalization is associated with poor resting left ventricular function. These @entity1619 changes are not associated with residual @entity741 and viability in the @entity1188 area. Therefore, these electrocardiographic changes alone cannot be reliably considered as distinctive markers in formulating the therapeutic strategy of coronary intervention.

title: Significance of @entity452 -induced ST-segment evaluation and T-wave pseudonormalization in @entity1 with Q-wave XXXX : simultaneous evaluation by @entity452 stress echocardiography and @entity4214 -201 SPECT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['residual myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of studies in which endovascular repair was compared with open surgery in the treatment of @entity1 with a @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the English-language literature from January 1994 until March 2006 was performed. Inclusion criteria for studies were that they were about a comparison between @entity1 who underwent endovascular repair and @entity1 who underwent open surgery, that each treatment group included at least five @entity1 , that information about @entity1 ' hemodynamic condition at presentation was reported, and that 30-day mortality was reported for each treatment group. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, and discrepancies were resolved by an arbiter. Random-effects models and meta-regression analysis were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for endovascular repair versus open surgery. RESULTS: Ten studies, in which the results of 478 procedures (n=148 for endovascular repair, n=330 for open surgery) were reported, met the inclusion criteria. All studies were observational; no randomized controlled trials were found. The pooled 30-day mortality was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%, 29%) for endovascular repair and 38% (95% CI: 32%, 45%) for open surgery. The pooled rate for total systemic complications was 28% (95% CI: 17%, 48%) for endovascular repair and 56% (95% CI: 37%, 85%) for open surgery. The crude OR for 30-day mortality for endovascular repair compared with open surgery was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.72). After adjustment for @entity1 ' hemodynamic condition, the OR was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.44). CONCLUSION: In this systematic review, after adjustment for @entity1 ' hemodynamic condition at presentation, a benefit in 30-day mortality for endovascular repair compared with open surgery for @entity1 with a ruptured @entity1028 was observed, but it was not statistically significant.

title: XXXX : endovascular repair versus open surgery--systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: AIM: NT-proBNP has been shown to be a reliable biochemical marker for left ventricular wall stress. The relationship between NT-proBNP and coronary flow reserve (CFR) was evaluated in @entity1 with significant asymptomatic @entity472 ( @entity472 ). METHODS: A total of 74 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity472 , mean age 66.68    10.02 years (56.75% males), were enrolled in this prospective study. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography and had no obstructive @entity301 (defined as having no stenosis >50% in diameter). They had all undergone standard transthoracic Doppler-echo study and @entity859 stress transthoracic-echo for CFR measurement and laboratory analysis for NT-proBNP measurement. RESULTS: The median NT-proBNP value was significantly increased (417.0 pg/ml; interquartile range [IQR]: 176.8-962.2 pg/ml). NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the group with CFR  <=2.5 (median: 549.0 pg/ml; IQR: 311.5-1131.0 pg/ml; as opposed to median: 291.5 pg/ml; IQR: 123.0-636.2 pg/ml; W = 452; p = 0.012). NT-proBNP showed significant negative correlation with CFR (   = -0.377, p = 0.001). There was also significant correlation between NT-proBNP and E/E  , S   and aortic valve resistance. The NT-proBNP value of 334.00 pg/ml was determined as the best cut-off value for the diagnosis of CFR  <=2.5 (area under the curve: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.54-0.79; p < 0.01) and the sensitivity and specificity were 74 and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Elevated NT-proBNP can indicate @entity1 with impaired CFR in asymptomatic moderate or severe @entity472 @entity1 with preserved ejection fraction and nonobstructive coronary arteries.

title: Diagnostic value of NT-proBNP in identifying impaired coronary flow reserve in asymptomatic moderate or severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two small-dose solutions (with and without @entity1425 ) for spinal anesthesia during outpatient laparoscopy and to determine spinal cord function with these low-dose solutions. METHOD: Twenty outpatients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy were randomly assigned to receive spinal anesthesia with one of two low dose solutions. Group LS-10 mg @entity3303 plus 10 microg @entity681 ; Group LSE-10 mg @entity3303 plus 10 microg @entity681 plus @entity1425 50 microg. Solutions were diluted to three millilitres with sterile water for injection. A 27-gauge Whitacre needle was inserted at @entity11376 or @entity6357 in the sitting position. Operating conditions and spinal cord function (spinothalamic, dorsal column and motor) were assessed. RESULTS: Operating conditions were good-excellent in both groups. The incidence of shoulder tip discomfort, @entity111 and @entity390 , and the amount of supplementation with @entity680 and @entity1363 was not different between groups. Most @entity1 in both groups had preserved dorsal column function and normal motor power on arrival in PACU and were able to satisfy 'walk out' criteria. @entity1109 and discharge times were not different. Mild @entity111 (VAS score < or = 5) was present in both groups. CONCLUSION: For short duration laparoscopy, addition of 50 microg @entity1425 to a small dose of spinal 10 mg @entity3303 with 10 microg @entity681 did not provide additional benefit in terms of intraoperative @entity1337 or operating conditions. Spinal cord function was preserved with small-dose techniques.

title: Selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy. II: XXXX and spinal cord function.

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Recovery of pinprick sensation']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: @entity526 lethality by @entity273 is characterized by two modes of killing. In this paper we have found that @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) generated by @entity274 and intracellular divalent @entity68 are not involved in the induction of mode one lethality (i.e. cell killing produced by concentrations of @entity274 lower than 2.5 mM). In fact, the @entity2145 radical scavengers, @entity8542 , @entity1068 and @entity3733 , and the @entity68 chelator, @entity5532 , did not affect the survival of cells exposed to 2.5 mM @entity274 . In addition cell vulnerability to the same @entity274 concentration was independent on the intracellular @entity68 content. In contrast, mode two lethality (i.e. cell killing generated by concentrations of @entity274 higher than 10 mM) was markedly reduced by @entity2145 radical scavengers and @entity5532 and was augmented by increasing the intracellular @entity68 content. It is concluded that @entity2145 . are required for mode two killing of @entity526 by @entity273 .

title: Role of @entity3787 radicals in XXXX killing induced by @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies in the 1980s have suggested that @entity308 is rare in the Chinese population and there is no postpartum @entity308 among Chinese @entity1 . However, subsequent small-scale studies of postpartum @entity308 in China have yielded contradictory and inconsistent findings. Furthermore, after two decades of profound socioeconomic transformation, @entity308 may no longer be rare in the contemporary population. The authors conducted a @entity146 epidemiological study among postpartum Chinese @entity1 using rigorous methodology and a representative sample. METHOD: A total of 959 consecutive @entity1 were recruited at the antenatal clinic of a university hospital in Hong Kong. At 3 months postpartum, the prevalence and incidence rates of @entity308 were measured with a two-phase design. The @entity1 were first stratified by means of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Subsequently, all high scorers and 10% of low scorers were assessed with the nonpatient version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. The 1-month and 3-month prevalence and incidence rates were estimated by using reverse weighting. RESULTS: The 1-month prevalence rates for major and minor @entity308 were 5.5% and 4.7%, respectively. At 3 months, the corresponding prevalence rates were 6.1% and 5.1%. Together, 13.5% of the @entity1 suffered from one or more forms of @entity146 in the first 3 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum @entity308 is common among contemporary Chinese @entity1 . A universal postpartum @entity308 -screening program would be useful for early detection. Our data suggest that @entity308 may no longer be rare in the Chinese population.

title: A @entity146 epidemiological study of postpartum Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity56775 are the @entity19 homologues of the @entity238 @entity56776 gene and based on their expression pattern may be involved in the regional specification of the @entity1 forebrain. During early embryogenesis, @entity16277 is expressed in the presumptive cerebral cortex and olfactory bulbs and later, in the hippocampus proper and dentate gyrus. The latter are involved in memory processes. To understand the role of @entity16277 in vivo, we have mutated the gene in @entity19 . Homozygous embryos die postnatally because of severe urogenital alterations. These @entity19 present cerebral hemispheres with a reduced size and exhibit specific morphological alterations in allocortical structures of the medial wall of the brain. The dentate gyrus is missing and the hippocampus proper is reduced. The medial limbic cortex is also severely shortened. The development of the dentate gyrus is affected at the onset of its formation with defects in the neuroepithelium from which it originates. These findings demonstrate that @entity16277 is required for the development of several forebrain structures.

title: Dentate gyrus formation requires XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity16277 :: (13797(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Emx2']


abstract: PURPOSE: A steady increase in the incidence of @entity295 after prostate biopsy in our unit between 2001 and 2005 prompted us to review our prophylactic antibiotic regimen. We compared the incidence of @entity295 in @entity1 undergoing prostate biopsy between 2001 and 2005 when only oral @entity2177 was used prophylactically (group 1) to the incidence among @entity1 undergoing biopsy between 2006 and 2010 when a single dose of intravenous @entity4509 was added to @entity2177 (group 2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In group 1 the 300 @entity1 were given 500 mg oral @entity2177 twice daily 1 day before and for 2 days after the biopsy while in group 2 the 897 @entity1 , in addition to the @entity2177 previously mentioned, received 500 mg intravenous @entity4509 30 minutes before the biopsy. @entity1 admitted to the hospital with @entity295 after prostate biopsy had urine and blood culture and sensitivity tests. The number of @entity1 in whom @entity295 developed in each group after prostate biopsy and the microorganisms isolated from the urine and blood of such @entity1 were compared using the chi-square test. RESULTS: @entity295 was seen in 24 of 300 (8%) and 15 of 897 (1.7%) @entity1 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p <0.001). In group 1 the rate of @entity295 after prostate biopsy was 2.1% and 13% in 2001 and 2005, respectively (p <0.001). In group 2 the rate of @entity295 was 1.5% in 2006 and 1.6% in 2010 (p <0.25). @entity526 resistant to @entity5176 was responsible for 33 of 39 (84.6%) septicemic cases. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity4509 to @entity2177 prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of @entity295 after prostate biopsy.

title: Combined @entity2177 and XXXX prophylaxis in the prevention of @entity295 after transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Septicemia', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that meditative training enhances perception and cognition. In Japan, the Park-Sasaki method of speed-reading involves organized visual training while forming both a relaxed and concentrated state of mind, as in meditation. The present study examined relationships between reading speed, sentence comprehension, and eye movements while reading short Japanese novels. In addition to normal untrained readers, three middle-level trainees and one high-level expert on this method were included for the two case studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In Study 1, three of 17 @entity1 were middle-level trainees on the speed-reading method. Immediately after reading each story once on a computer monitor, @entity1 answered true or false questions regarding the content of the novel. Eye movements while reading were recorded using an eye-tracking system. Results revealed higher reading speed and lower comprehension scores in the trainees than in the untrained @entity1 . Furthermore, eye-tracking data by untrained @entity1 revealed multiple correlations between reading speed, accuracy and eye-movement measures, with faster readers showing shorter fixation durations and larger saccades in X than slower readers. In Study 2, @entity1 included a high-level expert and 14 untrained students. The expert showed higher reading speed and statistically comparable, although numerically lower, comprehension scores compared with the untrained @entity1 . During test sessions this expert moved her eyes along a nearly straight horizontal line as a first pass, without moving her eyes over the whole sentence display as did the untrained students. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In addition to revealing correlations between speed, @entity1319 in reading Japanese contemporary novels by untrained readers, we describe cases of speed-reading trainees regarding relationships between these variables. The trainees overall tended to show poor performance influenced by the speed-accuracy trade-off, although this trade-off may be reduced in the case of at least one high-level expert.

title: Reading speed, XXXX while reading Japanese novels: evidence from untrained readers and cases of speed-reading trainees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension and eye movements']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['comprehension and eye movements']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between severe @entity1797 (SDD) and segmental instability in cervical @entity602 (CSM) and to discuss surgical treatment for CSM with severe @entity1797 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Information on relationships between segmental instability and @entity1745 in CSM with severe @entity1797 is scarce. METHODS: Radiographs and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 with CSM with (n = 42) and without (n = 75) SDD were reviewed retrospectively. Cervical instability and @entity1745 factors were analyzed. Outcomes of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) and expansive laminoplasty (ELAP) were evaluated in medical records of follow-up clinics. RESULTS: Segmental instability was found in 71.4% of @entity1 with SDD and 22.7% of @entity1 without SDD. @entity1745 was found at the intervertebral space of SDD and upper adjacent disc space. The recovery rate of ACDF and ELAP was 60.8% and 57.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The upper adjacent vertebra above SDD has inclination of segmental instability. There is static @entity1745 in intervertebral spaces of SDD and dynamic compression in upper adjacent intervertebral spaces. Multilevel anterior cervical decompression and fusion or expansive laminoplasty should be used for surgical treatment.

title: Segmental instability in cervical @entity602 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'Spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: The effects of the local administration of @entity6139 (CCK8) in the posterior nucleus accumbens (N. Acc.) and of @entity44644 (a selective CCKB agonist) in the anterior N. Acc. on @entity935 (DA) neurotransmission were studied in awake @entity35 . Microdialysis was used to quantify the extracellular contents of DA and its two metabolites, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ). In the posterior N. Acc., a perfusion of 10(-5) M CCK8 for 40 min (i.e. 25 pmol) increased the extracellular levels of DA, @entity4925 and @entity3829 . In contrast, 10(-4) M @entity44644 perfused for 40 min (i.e. 350 pmol) into the anterior N. Acc. reduced extracellular DA but did not modify @entity4925 and @entity3829 levels. These findings suggest that the @entity6140 -DA interactions are different in various regions of the N. Acc. and emphasize the functional heterogeneity of the N. Acc., issuing in part from its particular DA innervation (mixed @entity6140 -DA terminals only in the posterior region) but also from the distribution of the @entity6140 fibers and binding sites in this nucleus. This microdialysis study, using perfusions of @entity6140 compounds in the N. Acc. of freely moving @entity35 , shows that the @entity6140 system might play an important regulatory role in limbic DA function.

title: Effects of CCK8 and of the CCKB-selective agonist @entity44644 on extracellular XXXX content in the anterior and posterior nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study in freely moving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the main anatomical, histological, physiopathological and aetiological data characteristic of the mesial @entity1463 (ETM). Development. The typical histological findings in ETM are: 1) A specific pattern of loss of neurone density which includes so-called endfolium @entity1463 (considered to be a specific pathological entity always found in ETM), and which is usually accompanied by @entity528 in other hippocampal and extra-hippocampal regions. The @entity7464 region is never affected. 2) Phenomenon of 'mossy fibers sprouting' which are granulosa cells which form two types of synapses: with the the 'basket cells' which are inhibitory interneurones and with the dendrites of granulosa or pyramidal cells of the @entity1399 , @entity7464 and @entity1400 Ammon horn cells which are excitatory cells. CONCLUSIONS: Probably these organic changes are both the cause and effect of repeated @entity410 . Participation in this self-perpetuating circuit may be due to recognised risk factors of ETM ( @entity542 , CNS @entity410 in early stages of development) which cause, first of all, death of neurones of the dentate gyrus cells followed by reduced inhibitory activity of the 'basket' cells and therefore sustained hyper-excitability of the pyramidal cells (especially in the @entity1400 regions), which are responsible for complex partial @entity410 and massive liberation of @entity367 . @entity367 can cause death of neurones of the granulosa cells of the dentate gyrus, thus closing the circuit. This hypothesis explains the progressive nature of the ETM syndrome. When there is pathology of the cortical structure there is another access via to this circuit--by means of cortical discharges of the so-called perforant pathway which stimulates activity of the pyramidal cells and sets off the chain of events described above. This hypothesis explains the so-called 'dual pathology'.

title: [Mesial XXXX (I): histological data, physiopathological hypothesis and etiological factors].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'infections, febrile convulsions', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['temporal sclerosis syndrome', 'sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamic acid', 'glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurone loss']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['temporal sclerosis']


abstract: Chondroprogenitor cells present in the apical and lateral parts of the mandibular condyle from neonatal @entity19 differentiate towards the osteoblastic lineage and form bone within 7 days in culture. Infection of condylar explants with the @entity778 (FBR @entity2073 ) results in the transformation of cells in the progenitor zone, previously identified as the target for the virus, and the formation of a transplantable @entity421 -like lesion. Morphological and biochemical changes in this system were investigated in the course of @entity5 development. @entity778 was followed by a significant increase in cell density and @entity665 incorporation within the progenitor zone at the early stage of culture. In later stages, cell density and @entity665 incorporation were lower than in control tissue. The @entity665 labeling index gave similar results in infected and control tissues until day 7. Then, a significantly higher labeling index was found in the progenitor zone of infected condyles. At this stage, the proliferative effect of the virus even affected the cartilagenous core of the tissue. Quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity increased between day 3 and day 7 and was particularly high in the zone of infected cells. In addition, infected tissues consistently revealed a higher uptake of 45Ca, and deposition of the radioisotope along irregularly formed bone trabecules in the transformed tissue. The results suggest that there is an enhancement of tissue maturation following infection with the @entity778 . Although biochemical investigations of whole condyles showed few differences in the total values of alkaline phosphatase activity, @entity665 incorporation, DNA content, and 45Ca uptake, the histochemical assays revealed clear differences in the distributional pattern of these parameters within infected and control condyles.

title: Biochemical characterization of a virus-induced XXXX -like osseous lesion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Virus infection', 'FBR osteosarcoma virus']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if prior injection of @entity3575 decreases the incidence of spontaneous movements during @entity2898 administration. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: University orthopedic surgical center. @entity1 : 122 ASA physical status I and II @entity1 scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 randomly received 2 micrograms/kg of @entity3575 or the equivalent volume of @entity1219 0.9% 45 seconds prior to induction of anesthesia. Induction was performed with @entity1875 2.5 mg/kg followed by @entity2898 0.8 mg/kg 60 seconds later. Spontaneous movements were scored as follows: a) limited to the hand, b) limited to the elbow, and c) involving the whole arm, including the shoulder. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prior injection of @entity3575 (2 micrograms/kg significantly decreased the incidence of spontaneous movements limited to the hand: 5% versus 20% (p < 0.05); limited to the elbow: 1% versus 25% (p < 0.05); and involving the whole arm: none versus 12% (p < 0.05). No erythema or any change in the skin surrounding the point of injection of the involved arm was observed. Twenty-four hours later, no vein induration was present and no @entity1 complained of any @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Prior injection of @entity3575 significantly decreases the incidence of spontaneous movements associated with @entity2898 administration.

title: Spontaneous movements associated with XXXX injection: the effects of prior administration of @entity3575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family and have been identified as factors that stimulate bone formation in vivo. They turned out to be multifunctional molecules regulating the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in various target cells. Some BMPs and their receptors (BMPRs) are expressed on @entity263 cells. We have reported previously that BMPR-IB mRNA expression is highest in the prostate, a characteristic that is not shared by the other BMPRs, BMPR-IA and @entity3823 . However, the amounts of BMPR-IB mRNA were significantly low in prostate tissues after @entity342 withdrawal therapy. They were also low in @entity263 cell lines. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that BMPR-IB mRNA was induced by @entity342 in the @entity342 -sensitive @entity1 @entity263 cell line LNCaP, whereas the expression of BMPR-IA and @entity3823 mRNAs was not affected by @entity342 . When the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 was added to the LNCaP cells in the presence of @entity342 , cell growth was inhibited. In contrast, the growth rate was increased by the addition of the same ligand when the cells were cultured in the absence of @entity342 ; under this condition, the amounts of BMPR-IB mRNA were decreased significantly. These observations showed that the amounts of BMPR-IB, but not those of BMPR-IA, were regulated by @entity342 and further suggest that BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB differentially modulate @entity263 cell growth in response to @entity6861 under different hormonal conditions; BMPR-IA elicits growth stimulation, and BMPR-IB conveys a negative regulatory signal in response to @entity1841 .

title: Growth regulation of @entity1 @entity263 cells by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a chronic @entity32 that involves the infundibular terminal follicles in areas rich of apocrine glands. It can be associated with fistulating sinus, scarring and @entity733 formation. @entity1751 is a challenging aspect and requires a proper treatment plan which may involve different specialties. We present herein the option of surgical treatment involving wide surgical excision and methods of reconstruction as well as the rate of recurrence. Furthermore, review of the literature regarding surgical treatment of @entity6691 suppurativa is provided. METHODS: A retrospective analysis reviewed 50 operative procedures for 32 @entity1 in 5 anatomical sites. These anatomical sites have been divided to 23 sites involving the axilla, 17 sites involving the inguinal region and 8 sites involving the perianal/perineal area, 1 site involving the gluteal region and 1 site involving the trunk region. RESULTS: Twenty six @entity1 (81, 25 %) showed no recurrence after surgery and the average time of hospital stay period was 5 days. Recurrence was observed only in 6 @entity1 (18, 75 %). CONCLUSION: Elimination of the acute inflammatory process should occur in advance, including the use of antibiotics and minor surgeries such as @entity733 with proper irrigations. After stabilizing the acute phase, wide surgical excision is recommended. Herein, planning of surgical reconstruction should be initiated to achieve the best outcome and consequently decreasing the risk of recurrence and complications after surgery.

title: A review of wide surgical excision of XXXX suppurativa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess drainage']

entities_list: @entity6691 :: ('MESH:D016575', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis']

answer: @entity6691 :: (MESH:D016575,Disease) :: ['hidradenitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12769 ( @entity12769 ) is a dangerous surgical condition that can cause severe airway compromise and @entity204 . There is controversy regarding the best way to manage the airway of @entity1 with @entity12769 . Options range from conservative management involving close observation and i.v. antibiotics to airway intervention, including tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation using fibre-optic nasoendoscopy. We present evidence supporting a role for conservative airway management in a select subset of @entity1 . METHODS: This paper reviews 9 years' experience of treating @entity1 with @entity12769 at Liverpool Hospital. RESULTS: Twenty-one out of 29 (72%) of our @entity1 were treated conservatively following initial clinical assessment. One of these @entity1 subsequently deteriorated requiring emergency intubation. Of those treated non-conservatively at initial presentation, seven @entity1 were able to be intubated using fibre-optic nasoendoscopy and one @entity1 required tracheostomy under local anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: A general discussion of issues related to the management of @entity12769 is presented. Based on our experience we conclude that there is a subset of @entity1 with @entity12769 who can be managed safely with conservative management.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12769 :: ('MESH:D008158', 'Disease') :: ["Ludwig's angina", 'LA']

answer: @entity12769 :: (MESH:D008158,Disease) :: ['Ludwig's angina']


abstract: Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis and frequently overexpressed in various @entity5 cells. Overexpression of survivin in lung @entity5 cells attenuates antitumor effect of @entity669 kinase inhibitors. However, data from the previous studies on the clinicopathologic implication of survivin in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are inconsistent. We investigated the expression of survivin in 373 cases of surgically resected @entity1149 . Correlations between the expression of survivin and clinicopathologic, molecular features and prognostic significance were analyzed. In @entity420 , the increased expression of survivin was associated with the presence of vascular invasion, lymph node @entity3 , and @entity5 recurrences, but we didn't find any correlation with survivin expression and clinicopathological parameters in @entity957 . @entity1 with high survivin expression had significantly shorter @entity66 ( @entity66 ; 42.2 vs. 58.8 months; p = 0.001) and shorter overall survival (OS; 60.8 vs. 71.5 months; p = 0.009) than those with low survivin expression group in @entity420 . In @entity957 , the expression of survivin was not associated with prognosis of the @entity1 ( @entity66 ; 48.9 vs. 48.7 months; p = 0.837, OS; 61.0 vs. 62.4 months; p = 0.771). Multivariate analysis confirmed that survivin was an independent poor prognostic factor in @entity420 ( @entity66 : hazard ratio (HR), 1.687; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.123-2.532; p = 0.012; OS: HR, 1.965; 95 % CI, 1.108-3.486; p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of survivin among different molecular subgroups (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that survivin is an independent negative prognostic factor in @entity420 , but not in @entity957 . The different prognostic roles played by survivin in @entity420 and @entity957 highlights the biological differences between these two histologic types.

title: Survivin expression is an independent poor prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma but not in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The molecular structure of antibodies associated with autoimmune @entity715 is beginning to be understood. We describe the binding specificities and sequence analysis of anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I (anti- @entity9500 ) or anti-prothrombin (anti-PT) antibody fragments generated by phage display from a @entity1 with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). We obtained 39 positive clones, two that had the correct size reacted with @entity21277 ). Ten clones with the same restrictive pattern recognized PT (Prot 1) and cross-reacted with @entity9500 . All three clones recognized anionic and zwitterionic phospholipids. The V(H) regions of both anti- @entity9500 clones are members of the VH4 family. Prot 1 has a V(H) segment of the VH3 family. The @entity10483 J(H) segments are J(H)5b and @entity52247 for @entity2263 and Prot 1. V(L) genes are V(lambda)1, 3 and 1, respectively. No J(L) was identified for @entity10483 , while @entity2263 and Prot 1 carry J(lambda)3b genes. @entity10483 and @entity2263 carry highly conserved germ-line V(H) and V(L) genes. Mutations of the Prot 1 gene appear to be antigen-dependent, most are hotspot mutations located in the @entity24447 regions. Our work suggests that some anti- @entity9500 from @entity1 with primary @entity1701 are natural autoantibodies. Our work may also help to explain the frequent coexistence of anti- @entity9500 and anti-PT in the same @entity1 .

title: Characterization of monoclonal anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I and anti-prothrombin antibody fragments generated by phage display from a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: @entity18441 ( @entity18441 ) is a rare skin disease of uncertain aetiology. Many infectious agents have been incriminated as the cause of the disease. One of these agents is @entity3252 . The aim of this work was to find out if there is a relationship between @entity3252 and @entity18441 . Twenty two @entity1 (17 males and 5 females) diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as @entity18441 were chosen for this study. Also twenty apparently healthy individuals free from @entity272 were included as a control group. @entity1 and controls were examined clinically for signs of @entity3252 and submitted for indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) tests in our Parasitology laboratory for serodiagnosis of @entity3252 . @entity3252 was diagnosed in 8 (36.36%) and 3 (15%) in @entity18441 @entity1 and controls respectively by both tests. Using @entity4765 and @entity53903 in treating @entity18441 @entity1 , showed subsidence of @entity272 in five @entity1 with @entity3252 within two months from the beginning of therapy. The remaining @entity1 showed no response to treatment. On conclusion, @entity3252 appears to play a role in the aetiology of @entity18441 and serological tests for diagnosing @entity3252 should be performed in all @entity18441 @entity1 .

title: The relation between XXXX and pityriasis lichenoides chronica.

entities_list: @entity53903 :: ('MESH:C014873', 'Chemical') :: ['trisulfapyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis', 'Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity18441 :: ('MESH:D017514', 'Disease') :: ['Pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'PLC']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epidural @entity1337 has become the most popular method for @entity158 relief. Analgesia in Labor: Yes or No? @entity158 is a complex phenomenon with sensory, cognitive, motivational, emotional, social, and cultural variables. @entity158 and @entity148 to adrenergic @entity2915 , @entity10441 , @entity13147 with reduced uteroplacental blood flow and uncoordinated uterine activity, so @entity158 relief is recommended and even indicated in cases of maternal comorbidity. Analgesia in Labor: Method of Choice. The quality of epidural @entity1337 is better than the one achieved by parenteral or inhalation agents, with increased uteroplacental blood flow and improved fetal-maternal oxygenation. Epidural Analgesia in Labor: What is Specific? The increased weight, @entity1515 , soft tissue @entity4 and @entity450 make it more difficult to perform @entity616 in pregnancy. Epidural puncture should be performed by medial approach, at @entity11376 or @entity6357 level by loss of resistance technique between contractions. Epidural Analgesia in Labor: What With? Local anesthetics, @entity1341 , @entity1343 , @entity1342 , are used and they can be combined with small doses of opioids ( @entity3575 or @entity38748 ). Epidural Analgesia in Labor: How? Available techniques are epidural, spinal and combined spinal--epidural @entity1337 . Epidural Analgesia in Labor: Controversies. The most important controversy is the influence ofepidural @entity1337 on operative or instrumental delivery rate. Low concentrations of local anesthetic in combination with small doses of opioids, together with active management of labor by an obstetrician, would lead to increased spontaneous delivery rate. CONCLUSION: Although there still are some difficulties, complications and controversies, epidural @entity1337 provides safe and effective @entity158 control.

title: [Epidural XXXX in labor: specific characteristics, dilemmas and controversies].

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['engorgement of epidural veins']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety lead']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Labor pain', 'pain', 'labor pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity38748 :: ('CHEBI:9316', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanyl']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural block']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: In our recent experience, the posttraumatic @entity2010 (PT. @entity6684 ) and idiopathic (I. @entity6684 ) are the most common forms of central @entity2010 (C. @entity6684 ) in adult @entity1 . The hypothalamo-pituitary function in these @entity1 may be quite heterogeneous. We evaluated this aspect in 32 @entity1 with different forms of C. @entity6684 (19 males and 13 females; aged 16-55 yrs): 12 with previous severe @entity18489 ; 8 with @entity75 due to @entity378 , @entity370 , @entity1222 or to other pathogenic noxa (Secondary @entity6684 ); 12 with idiopathic form. In all we measured ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL and target hormones (pl. @entity701 , T3 T4, @entity251 ) in baseline conditions with and without substitutive DDAVP therapy. In all cases the hormonal pattern was within the normal range. In several @entity1 stimulation test with specific releasing factors (TRH, LHRH, oCRH) were carried out. Although basal anterior pituitary function is usually normal in @entity1 with central @entity6684 (post-traumatic, idiopathic or secondary), an isolated subclinical secondary or @entity1375 can be observed in some cases. Thus, a more accurate, periodical, and complete hormonal evaluation is indicated in some @entity1 . The maintained response of ACTH to CRH (even increased after acute withdrawal therapy) indicated that AVP is not necessary to ensure normal function to the CRH-ACTH axis.

title: [Anterio-hypophyseal function in central XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lesion']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Histiocytosis X']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['cranial or general trauma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2010 :: (MESH:D003919,Disease) :: ['diabetes insipidus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new imaging technique which, by measuring focal metabolic activities, can make a qualitative statement (benign or malignant) about a @entity5 . PET has been described in many studies to provide a high diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation of @entity5474 . However, these studies were not always supported by histological confirmation of the results. In a controlled prospective study, it was investigated whether the diagnostic accuracy of PET is sufficiently high to allow omission of diagnostic thoracotomy or thoracoscopy in the case of a negative finding. METHODS: A PET scan was carried out before operation using @entity419 (FDG) in 50 @entity1 with @entity5474 (diameter 30 mm or less). All of these lesions were completely removed thoracoscopically or by a formal thoracotomy and were examined histologically. Using the histology results, the diagnostic accuracy of the PET procedure with regard to a benign or malignant diagnosis was evaluated and compared with that of computed tomography (CT). Results From a total of 54 coin lesions (four of the 50 @entity1 had two lesions) there were 31 malignant (19 primary @entity153 , 12 @entity3 ) and 23 benign diagnoses. With the PET procedure 28 of 31 malignant and 19 of 23 benign lesions were classified correctly (sensitivity 90 per cent, specificity 83 per cent). False negatives included two @entity153 and one @entity3 . CT had a sensitivity of 100 per cent and specificity of 52 per cent. CONCLUSION: FDG PET cannot generally be considered as a replacement for diagnostic thoracoscopy or thoracotomy at the present time. However, by combining FDG PET with radiological follow-up, clinical applications may evolve in @entity1 at low risk for a @entity5 or at high risk for surgical complications.

title: Controlled prospective study of positron emission tomography using the glucose analogue XXXX in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary coin lesions']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18f]fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: Astrocytomas and @entity3271 are two @entity1313 that follow different clinical courses. Although many of these @entity5 can be identified based on standard histopathological criteria, a significant percentage present notable problems in diagnosis. To identify markers that might prove useful in distinguishing @entity11 subtypes, we prepared and analyzed cDNA libraries for differential expression of genes in an @entity816 (grade II), an @entity3271 (grade II), and a @entity1653 (benign). The @entity5 libraries were compared by sequencing randomly selected clones and tabulating the expression frequency of each gene. In addition to identifying several genes previously reported or expected to be differentially expressed among these @entity5 , several potential new @entity1313 markers were identified and confirmed by Northern blot analysis of a panel of @entity1313 . A surprising result of this analysis was the observation that several larger-sized transcripts for various genes were predominantly expressed in the @entity5 , when compared to the other @entity1313 or in non- @entity5 gray matter. These findings are consistent with different pre-mRNA splicing patterns observed between @entity3271 and @entity816 . In support of this hypothesis, our screen revealed significantly higher levels of two @entity24092 transcripts in @entity3271 . @entity24092 is a component of the spliceosome whose expression levels affect splice site selection in vivo. The preferential expression of larger-sized transcripts for several genes in @entity3271 may be useful for distinguishing astrocytic and @entity11 .

title: Expression of multiple larger-sized transcripts for several genes in XXXX : potential markers for @entity11 subtype.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oligodendroglioma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'oligodendroglial gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendrogliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) decreases mortality, improves functional status, and induces reverse left ventricular remodeling in selected populations with @entity712 . We aimed to assess the impact of baseline QRS duration and morphology and the change in QRS duration with pacing on CRT outcomes in mild @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic @entity1002 (REVERSE) was a multicenter randomized trial of CRT among 610 @entity1 with mild @entity712 . Baseline and CRT-paced QRS durations and baseline QRS morphology were evaluated by blinded core laboratories. The mean baseline QRS duration was 151  23 milliseconds, and 60.5% of subjects had @entity714 ( @entity714 ). @entity1 with @entity714 experienced a 25.3-mL/m(2) mean reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (P<0.0001), whereas non- @entity714 @entity1 had smaller decreases (6.7 mL/m(2); P=0.18). Baseline QRS duration was also a strong predictor of change in left ventricular end-systolic volume index with monotonic increases as QRS duration prolonged. Similarly, the clinical composite score improved with CRT for @entity714 subjects (odds ratio, 0.530; P=0.0034) but not for non- @entity714 subjects (odds ratio, 0.724; P=0.21). The association between clinical composite score and QRS duration was highly significant (odds ratio, 0.831 for each 10-millisecond increase in QRS duration; P<0.0001), with improved response at longer QRS durations. The change in QRS duration with CRT pacing was not an independent predictor of any outcomes after correction for baseline variables. CONCLUSION: REVERSE demonstrated that @entity714 and QRS prolongation are markers of reverse remodeling and clinical benefit with CRT in mild @entity712 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00271154.

title: Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild @entity712 : results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic XXXX (REVERSE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left Ventricular Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: Our aim was to examine the long-term @entity29 that followed surgery for @entity1963 . METHODS: Of 414 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1963 between 1974 and 2002, 98 were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to provide an assessment of bowel function, medication, diet, physical and social limitations. Forty-two completed a prospective 4-week toileting diary and 16 underwent anorectal manometry. RESULTS: Four of the 98 @entity1 had permanent stomas and 10 had @entity1467 . Of the remaining 84 @entity1 (mean age 12 +/- 8 years, range 1.9-41.9 years), 13% (11/84) had heavy soiling by day and 17% (14/84) by night. Fifty percent reported episodic urgency, but 36% also reported episodic constipation. Stool consistency was looser in @entity1 with a history of @entity1347 . Some aspects of bowel function improved with age. Enuresis was much more frequent than expected. Sixty-four percent reported adverse reactions to foods, particularly to fruit, vegetables, fats and diary products, and 15% limited their social activities because of @entity1241 . There were no significant differences in manometric parameters between those @entity1 who soiled and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1241 is common after surgery for @entity1963 and has a significant impact on social activities. Some aspects of bowel function did improve with age. Adverse reactions to food were unexpectedly frequent and need to be further studied.

title: Long-term continence after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['long segment disease']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a complication of @entity1140 therapy. This prospective study evaluated the prevalence of @entity6 in South African black and white @entity1 receiving @entity1140 after kidney transplantation and factors that could identify @entity1 before transplantation who may be at risk of developing @entity6 . METHODS: Fasting blood samples from 17 @entity1 (11 black, 6 white) were analyzed immediately pretransplantation and at 1 and 3 months posttransplantation for @entity413 , HbAIC, insulin, @entity2690 , free @entity1718 , lipids, @entity1133 , and @entity1011 . Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) formulas. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (47%) became @entity6 (six black, two white), and nine @entity1 (five black, four white) remained nondiabetic. Mean @entity413 concentrations in the @entity6 group were significantly higher at 1 month (P=0.03) and 3 months (P=0.01). Mean insulin level was also significantly raised at 3 months (P=0.01) as was HbAIC (P=0.001). @entity2690 concentrations did not change significantly in either group. Significant correlations emerged between fasting @entity413 concentrations at 3 months posttransplantation and initial HOMA (r=0.486; P=0.048) and initial QUICKI (r=-0.582; P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of @entity6 was high and somewhat greater in black @entity1 . IR was the main mechanism involved, together with inadequate beta-cell compensation. IR pretransplantation predicts the subsequent development of @entity6 .

title: Diabetogenic effect of XXXX in South African @entity1 undergoing kidney transplantation1.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study how well the scoring on each item of the MMSE relates to the sum-score when the purpose is to identify @entity1 with @entity73 , and to identify an equally effective subset of MMSE items for predicting @entity73 . DESIGN: Retrospective survey of MMSE data for 850 elderly. SETTING: A variety of clinical settings. @entity1 : Mean age 82 years (range 54 to 99), 74% @entity1 . The subjects were of three different categories: geriatric in- @entity1 , @entity1 living under supervision, and elderly @entity1 living independently at home. RESULTS: Five of the binomial ("State," "Town," "Name a pencil," "Name a watch," "Read and obey") and one of the polychotomous MMSE variables ("Learn three words and repeat immediately") had low sensitivity and gave high percentages of misclassifications versus the sumscore dichotomized at the cut-point 23/24. Univariate logistic regression indicated that the three remaining polychotomous variables ("Spell backwards," "Recall three words," and "Three-stage command") can be scored binomially. Two factors were identified on factor analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that 12 of the original 20 items predicted the sumscore dichotomized at 23/24 with only 3% misclassifications. Validation against the psychogeriatrician's diagnosis showed that this 12-items MMSE derivative performs as well as the full MMSE. CONCLUSIONS: Six of the 20 MMSE variables perform poorly regarding sensitivity and misclassifications versus the sumscore at cut-point 23/24. Two additional items did not contribute to the prediction of a low/high sumscore. The remaining 12 MMSE items can all be scored binomially and produce a sumscore which is equally as effective as the sumscore of the full MMSE when the purpose is to identify elderly @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: The Mini-Mental State Examination: identifying the most efficient variables for detecting XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: The molecular basis for @entity12089 , @entity23694 , and severe combined @entity465 was recently identified. In @entity12089 the molecular defect was found to reside in the gene encoding a novel cytoplasmic @entity669 kinase ( @entity13852 , atk, or @entity13852 ) expressed by B and myeloid cells. This kinase belongs to a new subfamily of @entity669 kinases that contains SH1, SH2, and SH3 domains. A defect in the @entity19 homologue of this kinase has been shown to be responsible for @entity915 in @entity19 . Currently, the role of @entity13852 in B- and myeloid cell signaling is unknown. The molecular defect in @entity23694 has been shown to reside in the gene encoding the T-cell activation protein @entity11603 ( @entity11603 , @entity2870 ). This protein binds to its counter receptor, @entity2936 , on B cells and has been shown to participate in T-cell-dependent B-cell help leading to B-cell proliferation and isotype switching. @entity1112 combined @entity465 @entity1 were found to have defects in the gene encoding the gamma-chain of the @entity1199 receptor. This chain of the @entity1199 receptor is constitutively expressed by T cells and is involved in the formation of high and intermediate affinity @entity1199 receptor complexes. These two @entity1199 receptor complexes are responsible for mediating @entity1199 -dependent signals.

title: The molecular basis of XXXX , @entity23694 , and severe combined @entity465 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity12089 :: ('MESH:C537409', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity23694 :: ('MESH:D053307', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-IgM syndrome', 'X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked severe']

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity12089 :: (MESH:C537409,Disease) :: ['X-linked agammaglobulinemia']


abstract: Recently, the @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) regimen plus rituximab (R- @entity3726 ) have been used widely to treat @entity1 with @entity706 . We investigated a fixed scheme of combination chemotherapy protocol including @entity3726 , @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) and rituximab ( @entity3726 -GR) for @entity1 with advanced-stage grade 1 or grade 2 @entity706 in a phase II clinical trial, assessing enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of rituximab by @entity1261 . Twenty-one untreated @entity1 received two courses of @entity3726 chemotherapy followed by four courses of @entity3726 -GR, including @entity1261 (s.c.) on days 11 - 14 and rituximab on day 15. Overall response rate was 76% (16 of 21 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 , one with no response and subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and one with progressive disease, died of @entity706 . One @entity1 refused to continue therapy, whereas two were rediagnosed and no longer met histologic criteria; these three @entity1 were classified as nonresponders. After a median observation time of 23 months, the 19 histologically assessable @entity1 showed a 2-year progression-free survival rate of 82%, whereas 2-year overall survival was 95%. Fifteen @entity1 (79%) continued in remission during this median follow-up period. Of seven @entity1 with initial bulky mass, five responded to therapy. The most frequent adverse events were @entity1431 (100%) and @entity1398 (100%), followed in turn by alopetia (94%) and @entity1209 (79%). Of 11 @entity1 examined for @entity588 translocation in peripheral blood or marrow by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), four were positive, whereas three of the four had complete remissions and converted to PCR negativity after therapy. According to short-term observation, @entity3726 -GR is a safe and effective therapy for @entity1 with advanced-stage @entity706 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX -GR therapy for advanced-stage @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: Because there is no consensus with regard to the efficiency of the Frejka pillow in the treatment of @entity572 in newborns, the aim of the present study was to evaluate our results with this device. During the 3-year period 1988 to 1990, the Frejka pillow was used in 108 newborns with clinically unstable hips verified by ultrasonography. There were three treatment failures (2.8%), defined as @entity1 who needed additional treatment with an abduction splint or hip-spica cast. @entity2530 of the @entity2738 occurred in one @entity1 (0.9%). At an age of 3 years to 6 years, 85 of the @entity1 attended a follow-up examination. An intoeing gait was observed in 17% and slightly reduced hip mobility in 20% of the @entity1 . Compared with normal @entity1 , the @entity1 had somewhat lower coverage of the @entity2738 by radiography, indicated by a lower centre-edge angle and a higher migration percentage, but the coverage was within the normal range in all cases. The mean anteversion angle was larger than that of normal @entity1 but only three @entity1 had abnormally high anteversion angles. In conclusion, the results with the Frejka pillow were good, with few treatment failures and complications, and it is the most simple abduction device for the parents to handle. More rigid devices like the von Rosen splint seem to involve a slightly lower failure rate, but a higher risk of @entity2530 . Therefore, we recommend the Frejka pillow when treatment is started within a few days of birth.

title: Good results after treatment with the Frejka pillow for XXXX in newborns: a 3-year to 6-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dysplasia']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) it is desirable to avoid unnecessary bone resection without neglecting the overall surgical treatment goal of @entity5 -free margins. Whereas computed tomography (CT) is most commonly used to detect mandibular invasion, there are conflicting reports regarding the accuracy of CT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reinvestigate the accuracy of CT in predicting mandibular involvement by @entity957 . One hundred and seven @entity1 with @entity957 who received a mandibulectomy were included. Before treatment all @entity1 underwent a contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT. Axial 3 or 1.25 mm thick images were reconstructed for evaluation in overlapping technique and displayed in a bone (1400/400 HU) and a soft tissue window (350/50 HU). CT scans were examined by three investigators and compared with the histological findings. The radiological examination showed a high interrater reliability (Cronbachs alpha 0.982). Comparing the radiological findings with the histological results the CT showed 8 false-positive results and 8 false-negative @entity1 . The quality criteria for detecting bone involvement of @entity957 by CT were calculated as follows: sensitivity 82.6%; specificity 86.9%; positive predictive value 82.6%; negative predictive value 86.9%. However, in all false-positive @entity1 a sagittal bone defect of 15.1mm could be found presumably caused by pressure of the @entity5 , but no histologically detectable bone infiltration. Modern CT (1-2 mm sections) is a valuable tool for surgical treatment planning. If bone invasion is detected, a mandibulectomy seems always reasonable. In radiologically negative cases histological assessment is necessary to detect mandibular involvement.

title: CT-scan is a valuable tool to detect mandibular involvement in @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSSC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity1 @entity1418 cell line was established in vitro. Cells showed a wide variety of morphologies, although the karyotype study showed that the @entity5 was monoclonal in origin because of the presence of unique marker chromosomes in 100% of the cells examined (50 of 50). Cells were cloned according to their characteristic morphologies and biological behavior in culture. The cloned cells were sparse spindle, packed spindle, epithelioid, and lymphoid. In colonies, sparse spindle cells grew separately from each other without cell to cell contact but produced a cartwheel pattern at confluency. Packed spindle cells grew in a tightly packed fashion and produced a storiform pattern at confluency. Epithelioid cells were spindle shaped as individuals but became epithelioid when in contact with each other and produced many multinucleated giant cells at confluency. Lymphoid cells were spindle shaped as individuals but became spherical at confluency. When @entity5 were grown in @entity19 after transplantation of these cloned cells, the histology was shown to be unrelated to morphology in culture and was epithelioid (histiocytic), as was the original @entity5 . These results show that (a) a single cell derived from @entity1418 cells exhibits a wide range of phenotypical expression in vitro, (b) cells have their own morphological and biological characteristics in vitro, which (c) however, are easily influenced by environmental factors and (d) which are unstable and even interchangeable. These characteristics may contribute to the endless variety of cellular forms and growth patterns of @entity1418 in @entity1 .

title: Biological behavior of cloned cells of @entity1 XXXX in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytomas', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare union rates and complications of retrograde intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft @entity174 with those of antegrade intramedullary nailing. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Two hundred eighty-three consecutive adult @entity1 with 293 @entity174 of the femoral shaft who underwent stabilization with antegrade or retrograde inserted femoral nails were studied. There were 140 retrograde nails and 153 antegrade nails. Twelve @entity174 in twelve @entity1 were excluded (three in @entity1 who died early in the postoperative period, three in @entity1 because of early amputation, four in @entity1 who were paraplegic, and two in @entity1 who fractured through abnormal bone owing to @entity189 ), leaving 134 @entity174 treated with retrograde nails and 147 treated with antegrade nails. One hundred four femurs treated with retrograde nails (Group R) and ninety-four femurs treated with antegrade nails (Group A) had sufficient follow-up and served as the two study groups. The average clinical follow-up was twenty-three months (range 6 to 66 months) for Group R and twenty-three months (range 5 to 64 months) for Group A. Both groups were comparable with regard to age, gender, number of @entity4422 , degree of comminution, mode of interlocking (i.e., static or dynamic), and nail diameter (p > 0.05). INTERVENTION: Retrograde intramedullary nails were inserted through the intercondylar notch of the knee, and antegrade nails were inserted through the pirformis fossa using standard techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Union, delayed union, nonunion, malunion, and complication rates. RESULTS: After the index procedure there were no significant differences in healing or incidence of malunion between Group R and Group A (p > 0.05). Healing after the index procedure occurred in ninety-one (88 percent) of the femurs in Group R and in eighty-four (89 percent) of the femurs in Group A. In Group R, there were seven delayed unions (7 percent) and six nonunions (6 percent). In Group A, there were four delayed unions (4 percent) and six nonunions (6 percent). Healing ultimately occurred in 100 (96 percent) femurs from Group R and in ninety-three (99 percent) femurs from Group A. In Group R, there were eleven malunions (11 percent), and in Group A, there were twelve malunions (13 percent). When @entity1 with @entity3331 were excluded, the incidence of @entity158 was significantly greater for Group R @entity1 (36 percent) than for Group A @entity1 (9 percent) (p < 0.001). When @entity1 with ipsilateral @entity4822 were excluded, the incidence of @entity158 was significantly greater for Group A @entity1 (10 percent) than for Group R @entity1 (4 percent) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde and antegrade nailing techniques provided similar results in union and malunion rates. There were more complications related to the knee after retrograde nailing and more complications related to the hip after antegrade nailing.

title: Retrograde versus antegrade nailing of femoral shaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['hip injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'knee pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']