abstract: We determined whether @entity1 marrow cells that directly form colonies in vitro could be distinguished from cells that generate or become @entity25938 only after LTMC in the presence of irradiated marrow stromal cells. In previous studies, an anti- @entity1116 antibody, L4F3, and complement (C') were used to lyse nearly all @entity25938 in marrow, and the remaining cells generated @entity25938 in LTMC. In the present studies, marrow cells were treated with L4F3 + C' and the remaining @entity1116 - cells were separated into @entity2280 + and @entity2280 - populations and placed in LTMC. Only the @entity2280 + cells were found to generate significant numbers of @entity25938 . To compare the @entity1116 - @entity2280 + and @entity1116 + @entity2280 + cells, we isolated each cell population using two-color FACS. Only LTMCs of the @entity1116 - @entity2280 + cells generated @entity25938 for greater than 5 wk. In contrast, cells that expressed both the @entity1116 and @entity2280 antigens, which contained most of the @entity25938 , generated few @entity25938 in LTMC. Fractionation of marrow cells based on right angle and forward light scattering suggested that precursors for @entity25938 have low right angle and low forward light scattering properties. The @entity1116 - @entity2280 + marrow cells were therefore further fractionated based on light scatter characteristics. Cells with low right angle and low forward light scatter formed few or no colonies on direct culture, yet generated greater numbers of @entity25938 after 4 wk of LTMC than did cells with low right angle and high forward light scatter. Most (87-98%) @entity25938 generated in the LTMCs that were initiated with @entity1116 - @entity2280 + cells were found to express the @entity1116 antigen. Thus, hematopoietic progenitors with differing proliferative and differentiative potentials can be directly separated on the basis of their expression of @entity1116 and @entity2280 cell surface antigens and their light scatter properties.

title: Precursors of colony-forming cells in @entity1 can be distinguished from colony-forming cells by expression of the XXXX and @entity2280 antigens and light scatter properties.

answer: @entity1116 :: (945,Gene) :: ['CD33']


abstract: PURPOSE: Presence of intratumoral T-cell infiltration has been linked to improved survival in @entity43 @entity1 . We questioned whether antibody immunity specific for @entity43 antigens would predict disease outcome. We evaluated humoral immune responses against @entity43 antigens @entity876 , @entity1722 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serum was collected from 104 @entity1 (median age, 59 years; range, 34 to 89 years) at the time of their initial definitive surgery for @entity43 . Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to @entity876 , @entity1722 proteins. Antibody immunity to @entity116 toxoid was assessed as a control. The incidence of humoral immunity at the time of diagnosis to any of these three antigens was tabulated. For @entity1 with @entity5 (III/IV), correlation was made between the presence of @entity5 -specific immunity at the time of diagnosis and overall survival. @entity1 were followed for a median of 1.8 years. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed the presence of @entity876 antibodies to be an independent variable for prediction of overall survival in advanced-stage @entity1 . Overall survival was significantly higher for patients with antibodies to @entity876 when compared with @entity1 without @entity876 antibodies (P = .01). The median survival for @entity876 antibody-positive @entity1 was 51 months (95% CI, 23.5 to 60.5 months) compared with 24 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 28.6 months) for patients without antibodies to @entity876 . CONCLUSION: Data presented here demonstrate that advanced stage @entity43 @entity1 can have detectable @entity5 -specific antibody immunity and that immunity to @entity876 may predict improved overall survival in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Antibody immunity to the @entity876 oncogenic protein is a prognostic indicator in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer tumor', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIalpha']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE AND RATIONALE: There has been no previously published experience with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) at doses less than 15 micrograms/m2/d in @entity1 with @entity2150 , and most observations have been made at doses of 100 to 500 micrograms/m2/d (2.5 to 12.5 micrograms/kg/d). The benefits of using considerably lower doses, if effective, should include a decrease in cost and in side effects. We have therefore used very low doses of @entity2841 to treat a group of @entity1 with @entity2150 . Additionally, since severe @entity417 is often a problem in these @entity1 , we recently started administering @entity1307 along with the @entity2841 . Herein we report the results of very-low-dose @entity2841 therapy in @entity1 with @entity2150 and our preliminary findings in those individuals who received combination therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We administered recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 subcutaneously at doses of 5 to 20 micrograms/m2/d ("very-low-dose @entity2841 ) to 12 @entity1 with @entity2150 . In addition, a 13th @entity1 received @entity1307 together with the @entity2841 regimen, and three of the 12 individuals who initially received 1 or more months of @entity2841 alone were later also given @entity1307 (4,000 U/d subcutaneously). RESULTS: In five of 12 @entity1 (42%) treated with very-low-dose @entity2841 , an increase in neutrophil counts (2.0- to 6.7-fold) was noted, and one of these subjects attained a bilineage response (neutrophil counts, 0.3 to 1.75 x 10(9)/L; platelet counts, 8 to 169 x 10(9)/L). Moreover, a sixth @entity1 showed a rise in platelet counts (19 to 80 x 10(9)/L) without a concomitant increase in neutrophils. Constitutional side effects were minimal. Combining @entity1307 and very-low-dose @entity2841 produced a bilineage response (neutrophils, 1.0 to 3.0 x 10(9)/L; hemoglobin, 7.4 to 9.4 g/dL) in the one @entity1 who received @entity1307 together with the @entity2841 from the time that @entity2841 was initiated. In one of the other @entity1 who were given combination therapy, the addition of @entity1307 appeared to enhance the response; this @entity1 demonstrated a neutrophil response to @entity2841 alone and a trilineage response (neutrophils, 0.8 to 3.75 x 10(9)/L; hemoglobin, 7.0 to 13.1 g/dL; and platelets, 10 to 34 x 10(9)/L) to the combination. No @entity137 was associated with the addition of @entity1307 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that (1) very low doses of @entity2841 (5 to 20 micrograms/m2/d subcutaneously) may be used initially in @entity1398 @entity1 with @entity2150 , and the dose subsequently increased only in @entity1 who do not respond; and (2) the administration of @entity1307 together with @entity2841 is well tolerated, can augment responsiveness in some @entity1 , and deserves further study.

title: Very low doses of @entity2841 administered alone or with XXXX in @entity2150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF', 'GM-CSF"']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with anterior hemifundoplication is the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of @entity1318 . Specific factors, eg, severity of @entity1208 , might affect postoperative outcome. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: Academic referral center for @entity344 . @entity1 : Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1318 who underwent 1 to 3 sessions of failed @entity384 each. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with anterior ( @entity2911 ) hemifundoplication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative symptomatic evaluation, esophagoscopy, esophagography, stationary and ambulatory esophageal manometry, and pH monitoring. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had stage I disease, 10 had stage II, 12 had stage III, and 4 had stage IV at preoperative radiologic examination. At surgery, there were no conversions to open procedures, and 2 mucosal perforations were immediately identified and sutured. Good or excellent results were seen in 26 @entity1 . All @entity1 with stage I or II disease had excellent functional results. Of @entity1 with @entity5 , results were excellent in 7, good in 4, and bad in 1. Of @entity1 with stage IV disease, 2 had good results and 2 had bad results. After surgery, lower esophageal sphincter pressure was reduced significantly (from 46.1 +/- 12.1 to 5.4 +/- 1.8 mm Hg; P<.001), as was esophageal diameter (from 61 +/- 17 to 35 +/- 19 mm; P<.001) (data are given as mean +/- SD). However, an excellent result occurred only in @entity1 with a postoperative esophageal diameter less than 40 mm. CONCLUSION: Functional outcome of laparoscopic Heller- @entity2911 procedure for @entity1318 is related to the preoperative stage of the disease on the esophagogram and to the extent of reduction in esophageal width after surgery.

title: Laparoscopic Heller cardiomyotomy and XXXX fundoplication for @entity1318 : possible factors predicting outcome.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal body deformity']

answer: @entity2911 :: (58476,Gene) :: ['Dor']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study to compare treatment outcome and procedure-related reintervention rates of @entity439 repair (EVAR) with those of open repair. Clinical and radiological data of @entity1 treated at the Rijnstate Hospital (Arnhem, The Netherlands) for nonsymptomatic @entity1028 during October 1998-January 2004 were reviewed and analyzed for demographic data, @entity439 specifics, comorbid condition status, and perioperative outcome. There were 99 @entity1 treated with EVAR and 116 @entity1 treated with open repair. Significant differences in age were seen between treatment groups, @entity1 under the age of 80 being more likely to have open repair (p < 0.004). The EVAR group consisted of significantly fewer @entity1 (p < 0.029). Of seven comorbid conditions, four reached significant differences between treatment groups; @entity1 with @entity741 (p < 0.044), @entity712 (p < 0.006), @entity177 (p < 0.033), or peripheral @entity455 (p < 0.006) were more likely to have EVAR. Comparison of @entity439 anatomy showed no difference in size between EVAR (mean 57.7 mm, 95% CI 55.9-59.5 mm) and open repair (mean 60.1 mm, 95% CI 57.9-62.3 mm). Significant differences were seen in @entity439 neck length and diameter. Operative outcome showed differences in length of hospital stay (median, EVAR 7 vs. open repair 11 days), 30-day mortality (p < 0.048), @entity86 (p < 0.001), and @entity891 (p < 0.001), all in favor of EVAR. Follow-up of the EVAR group showed a decrease (mean 10 mm, 95% CI 7-14 mm) of @entity439 diameter in 15% of cases during follow-up (mean 18 months, range 1-66). Despite higher age and more comorbidity of @entity1 undergoing EVAR, 30-day mortality, postoperative @entity358 rate, and length of hospital stay were lower than for those undergoing open repair. Both EVAR and open repair can be performed on a subset of @entity1 with low mortality, complication, and reintervention rates.

title: XXXX repair versus open @entity439 repair: comparison of treatment outcome and procedure-related reintervention rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hematoma']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['aortic abdominal aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that secrete immunomodulatory molecules through their saliva to antagonize host inflammatory and immune responses. As dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in host immune responses, we studied the effects of @entity278 tick saliva on DC migration and function. Bone marrow-derived immature DCs pre-exposed to tick saliva showed reduced migration towards @entity12427 , @entity22425 and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted ( @entity638 ) chemokines in a Boyden microchamber assay. This inhibition was mediated by saliva which significantly reduced the percentage and the average cell-surface expression of CC chemokine receptor @entity13945 . In contrast, saliva did not alter migration of DCs towards @entity16761 , not even if the cells were induced for maturation. Next, we evaluated the effect of tick saliva on the activity of chemokines related to DC migration and showed that tick saliva per se inhibits the chemotactic function of @entity12427 , while it did not affect @entity638 , @entity22425 and @entity16761 . These data suggest that saliva possibly reduces immature DC migration, while mature DC chemotaxis remains unaffected. In support of this, we have analyzed the percentage of DCs on @entity19 48h after intradermal inoculation with saliva and found that the DC turnover in the skin was reduced compared with controls. Finally, to test the biological activity of the saliva-exposed DCs, we transferred DCs pre-cultured with saliva and loaded with the keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) antigen to @entity19 and measured their capacity to induce specific T cell cytokines. Data showed that saliva reduced the synthesis of both T helper (Th)1 and @entity61 cytokines, suggesting the induction of a non-polarised T cell response. These findings propose that the inhibition of DCs migratory ability and function may be a relevant mechanism used by ticks to subvert the immune response of the host.

title: Tick saliva inhibits the chemotactic function of XXXX and selectively impairs chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells by down-regulating cell-surface @entity13945 .

entities_list: @entity12427 :: ('20302(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha', 'MIP-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus']

answer: @entity12427 :: (20302(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MIP-1alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on visit-to-visit blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 . METHODS: Visit-to-visit @entity15882 was determined in 5440 workers in the Kailuan study cohort from 2006 to 2007. The subjects were >=  40 years-old and had no history of @entity64 , transient @entity63 attack or @entity583 . @entity1 were divided into five groups according to different levels of SBP. Linear regression was used to analyze the related factors which might affect @entity15882 . RESULTS: Mean systolic @entity15882 of all subjects was 10.35 mm Hg [coefficient of variation (CV 7.96%)]. The mean systolic @entity15882 of males was 10.54 mm Hg (CV 7.90%) while the mean SBPV of females was 10.06 mm Hg (CV 7.90%). The @entity15882 of males was significant higher than that of females (P < 0.001). CV of SBP was similar between males and females. Furthermore, higher SBP was associated with higher @entity15882 . There were significant differences in @entity15882 between different groups with different levels of SBP (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that SBP, age, gender, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were affecting factors of @entity15882 . Twenty mm Hg SBP increase was linked with 2.02 mm Hg @entity15882 increase and 0.388%CV increase. Age increase of 1 year was associated with 0.044 mm Hg @entity15882 increase and 0.029% CV increase. CONCLUSION: SBP, age, gender and hsCRP are important factors affecting @entity15882 in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 . Higher SBP is closely related to greater @entity15882 in this cohort.

title: [Impact of systolic blood pressure on visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in middle-aged and elderly XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: PURPOSE: The term @entity5770 (XT) is typically reserved for @entity1 presenting in the first year with a large, constant angle, however, no published study provides a rationale for this restrictive definition. In this study, the present classification system for XT was evaluated and differences between @entity1 with constant versus intermittent XT at presentation were characterized. METHODS: Medical records of all @entity1 diagnosed with XT before 12 months of age between 1980 and 1994 were identified by computer search. Exclusion criteria included previous eye muscle surgery, resolution of the XT by 3 months of age, and concomitant systemic or @entity2194 . @entity1 were separated into intermittent XT and constant XT groups. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of these two groups were compared. RESULTS: Of 2018 @entity1 examined on our service during the first year of life for all causes, 23 (1.1 %) met the inclusion criteria. Follow-up data of more than 1 year was available for 13 @entity1 , and of these, 46% had constant XT. The 2 groups had similar clinical features at presentation except for a larger initial angle in the constant XT group (P =.02). Average follow-up was 58 months (range: 13-158 months). Twelve @entity1 (92%) required surgery. The reoperation rate was 27%, and 82% had final horizontal deviations of less than 10 PD. The incidence of A/V-patterns (38%), @entity4785 (46%), and binocularity (70%) was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Half of infantile XT @entity1 may present with intermittent XT, with similar clinical outcomes regardless of presentation. Surgical intervention resulted in successful alignment in most cases. More than half the @entity1 developed measurable stereopsis, but none achieved bifixation.

title: Long-term outcome of uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['congenital exotropia']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociated vertical deviation']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['infantile exotropia']


abstract: @entity842 is an important regulator of vascular tone. Deficiencies in @entity842 release have been implicated in @entity101 . In the present study we evaluated vascular reactivity to @entity2647 and @entity934 in isolated aorta ring preparations from sham and @entity1498 -induced @entity101 @entity35 and @entity842 release under resting conditions and after stimulation with @entity934 . Aortic vessels were divided in upper segment and lower segment in relation to the @entity1498 ; both segments were tested for vascular reactivity and @entity842 release. @entity2647 produced higher vasoconstriction in upper segments from @entity101 @entity35 compared to sham operated animals. Lower segments in both experimental groups were not significantly different. Relaxation produced by @entity934 showed a higher EC50 in the upper segments from @entity101 @entity35 ; lower segments in both experimental groups were not significantly different. Aortic rings from @entity101 @entity35 had a higher level of @entity842 release compared to sham operated @entity35 . Lower segments from @entity101 @entity35 released significantly more @entity842 . These results suggest that shear stress induced @entity842 release in lower aortic segments from @entity1498 -induced @entity101 @entity35 .

title: [The effect of @entity1498 on XXXX production by the vascular endothelium].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: AIMS AND METHODS: To evaluate the clinical value of (18) F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine ((18) F-FDOPA) PET in relation to @entity5 localization and the @entity1 's genetic status in a large series of @entity1911 / @entity1823 (PHEO/ @entity1823 ) @entity1 and to discuss in detail false-negative results. A retrospective study of @entity1823 @entity1 who were investigated with (18) F-FDOPA PET or PET/CT imaging in two academic endocrine @entity5 centres was conducted (La Timone University Hospital, Marseilles, France and National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, @entity601 , USA). RESULTS: One hundred sixteen @entity1 (39  7% harbouring germline mutations in known disease susceptibility genes) were evaluated for a total of 195 PHEO/ @entity1823 foci. (18) F-FDOPA PET correctly detected 179 lesions (91  8%) in 107 @entity1 (92  2%). Lesion-based sensitivities for parasympathetic PGLs (head, neck, or anterior/middle thoracic ones), PHEOs, and extra-adrenal sympathetic (abdominal or posterior thoracic) PGLs were 98  2% [96  5% for Timone and 100% for NIH], 93  9% [93  8 and 93  9%] and 70  3% [47  1 and 90%] respectively (P < 0  001). Sympathetic (adrenal and extra-adrenal) SDHx-related PGLs were at a higher risk for negative (18) F-FDOPA PET than non-SDHx-related PGLs (14/24 vs 0/62, respectively, P < 0  001). In contrast, the risk of negative (18) F-FDOPA PET was lower for parasympathetic PGLs regardless of the genetic background (1/90 in SDHx vs 1/19 in @entity5 , P = 0  32). (18) F-FDOPA PET failed to detect two head and neck PGLs (HNPGL), likely due to their small size, whereas most missed sympathetic @entity1823 were larger and may have exhibited a specific (18) F-FDOPA-negative imaging phenotype. (18) F-FDG PET detected all the missed sympathetic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: (18) F-FDOPA PET appears to be a very sensitive functional imaging tool for HNPGL regardless of the genetic status of the @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity5 on (18) F-FDOPA PET should be tested for SDHx mutations.

title: Functional characterization of nonmetastatic XXXX and @entity1911 by (18) F-FDOPA PET: focus on missed lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-SDHx tumours', 'false-negative tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma', 'PGL']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: With an incidence of 0.1% to 1.0% of all @entity5 , primary @entity189 is a rare malignant disease of the female genital tract. The prognosis is generally regarded as very poor. It is comparable with that of @entity43 . From 1980-1995, four @entity1 were treated for primary @entity189 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University of Homburg/Saar. FIGO stages IIa-IV were manifested as the primary stage. Surgery was performed as primary treatment in all @entity1 . Both chemotherapy and percutaneous radiation were used as adjuvant postoperative therapy. The recurrence-free interval was 18-30 months. One @entity1 died 21 months after primary diagnosis. The other free @entity1 are in a period of follow-up observation of 16-96 months in an NC or CR status.

title: Primary XXXX : a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['genital malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['tubal carcinoma']


abstract: Between June 1988 and May 1996, 428 @entity1 underwent allogeneic BMT (288 related donor (RD) and 140 unrelated donor (UD)) at the Vancouver General Hospital. Eight @entity1 (UD six and RD two) developed a @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ). Median age at BMT was 38 years (range 22-51). Five of the six UD allografts were T cell depleted. @entity205 +/- @entity1499 was used for GVHD prophylaxis. All eight @entity1 developed GVHD; in six this was refractory to treatment with @entity288 . Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or an anti- @entity5893 -ricin A chain immunotoxin (Xomazyme) was used as second-line therapy for GVHD. Presentation with @entity1071 occurred at median day 90.5 (range 34-282) post BMT. Five of the eight @entity1 had a rapidly progressive course characterized by fever, @entity409 and died within 3-8 days. @entity1071 was an incidental finding at post mortem examination in two @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 had @entity66 and recovered. Pathological analysis revealed two morphological patterns; diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( @entity706 , five @entity1 ) and polymorphous @entity1892 (PBCH, three @entity1 ). EBV expression was positive in all eight cases and monoclonality was demonstrated in seven cases. In multivariate analysis, T cell depletion of the allograft (P=0.0001, relative risk (RR)=30.5), anti-T cell therapy for GVHD (P=0.006, RR=12.7) and acute GVHD grades 3-4 (P=0.04, RR=7.7) were the significant factors for development of @entity1071 . In conclusion, we have identified two forms of @entity1071 after BMT: one is characterized by disseminated disease with a rapidly progressive and often fulminant course and the other by localized, relatively indolent disease. Morphology, EBV positivity and clonality do not appear to correlate with the clinical course. The major risk factors for development of @entity1071 after BMT are ex vivo T cell depletion of the allograft and in vivo anti-T cell therapy for GVHD.

title: XXXX following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the Vancouver experience.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder', 'PTLD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['DLBC lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy, lung and liver involvement']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: As oviparous fish, @entity5660 change their nutritional strategy during ontogenesis. This change is divided into the exclusive utilization of yolk-sac reserves (endogenous feeding), the concurrent utilization of yolk reserves and exogenous feeds (mixed feeding) and the complete dependence on external feeds (exogenous feeding). The change in food source is accompanied by well-characterized morphological changes, including the development of adipose tissue as an energy storage site, and continuous muscle development to improve foraging. The aim of this study was to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to these ontogenetic changes between the nutritional phenotypes in @entity5660 alevins. We therefore analyzed the expression of marker genes of metabolic pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) important in the differentiation and/or maintenance of metabolic tissues. In exogenously feeding alevins, the last enzyme involved in @entity413 production (g6pca and g6pcb) and lipolytic gene expression (cpt1a and cpt1b) decreased, while that of gk, involved in hepatic @entity413 use, was induced. This pattern is consistent with a progressive switch from the utilization of stored (gluconeogenic) @entity1522 and lipids in endogenously feeding alevins to a utilization of exogenous feeds via the glycolytic pathway. A shift towards the utilization of external feeds is further evidenced by the increased expression of omy-miRNA-143, a homologue of the @entity1 marker of adipogenesis. The expression of its predicted target gene abhd5, a factor in @entity412 hydrolysis, decreased concurrently, suggesting a potential mechanism in the onset of lipid deposition. Muscle-specific omy-miRNA-1/133 and @entity36329 expression decreased in exogenously feeding alevins, a molecular signature consistent with @entity2086 , which may be linked to nutritional cues or increased foraging.

title: Ontogenetic expression of metabolic genes and microRNAs in XXXX alevins during the transition from the endogenous to the exogenous feeding period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral treatment restores the physical and immunological function for @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 and the return of sexual desire. The frequency and correlates of @entity458 among @entity1 receiving ART have not been widely studied. There is concern that widespread availability of ART may result in sexual disinhibition including practice of high-risk sexual behavior. We determined the correlates of @entity458 and high-risk sexual behavior in an ART-treated population in rural and urban Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 329 ART-treated adult @entity1 at two hospitals, one located in rural and another in urban western Uganda. We collected data on @entity458 , frequency of condom use, pregnancy, viral load (VL) and @entity404 . @entity1 were considered sexually active if they had had sexual intercourse in the last 6 months. Any unprotected sex was considered high-risk sex. A two-stage logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with @entity458 and high-risk sex among those sexually active. RESULTS: Overall, 222 (67%) @entity1 were @entity1 , 138 (41.2%) had been on ART for at least one year, and 168 (51.4%) were sexually active of whom 127 (75.6%) used condoms at the last intercourse. Younger age (<=30 years) (Odds ratio; OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.2, 4.2), higher monthly income (OR=4.1, 95% CI 2.4, 7.4), and being married (OR=22.7, 95% CI 8.2, 62.9) were associated with being sexually active. Undetectable VL, @entity404 count and treatment duration were not significantly associated with @entity458 . Among the sexually active, @entity167 consumption (OR=3.3, 95% CI 1.2, 9.1) and unknown serostatus of partner (OR=5.8, 95% CI 1.5, 21.4) were significant predictors of high-risk sexual behavior. The frequency of unprotected sex at the last intercourse was 25.9% and 22.1% among the @entity1 and @entity1 respectively and was not significantly different (p value for chi square test =0.59). CONCLUSION: Younger @entity1 receiving ART are more likely to be sexually active. ART clients are more likely to engage in unprotected sex when sero-status of partner is unknown or report use of @entity167 . Counseling on @entity167 use and disclosure of sero-status may be useful in reducing high risk sexual behavior.

title: XXXX use and @entity645 serostatus of partner predict high-risk sexual behavior among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Western Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual activity']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the 1980s, intracranial and @entity389 were feared complications in @entity1 with recurrent or @entity102 media (COM) who had undergone cochlear implantation. Current studies show a low incidence of such complications. We present a case of a @entity1 who developed severe COM requiring cochlear explantation. CASE: Our @entity1 had a previous @entity2419 repair and as a three-year-old was implanted with a Nucleus-24 implant. She developed chronic @entity2972 in the implanted ear, which was managed by her pediatrician until her cochlear implant stopped functioning. Radiographic imaging revealed erosion of the cochlea and extrusion of the distal electrode medially in the petrous apex. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. INTERVENTION/RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent cochlear explantation, subtotal petrosectomy, obliteration of ear, and intravenous antibiotic therapy. One month later she was implanted in the contralateral ear. CONCLUSION: COM poses potentially severe complications in @entity1 receiving cochlear implants. @entity1 receiving cochlear implants who are at high risk for COM require follow-up for an extended period of time.

title: Cochlear implant explantation as a sequela of severe XXXX media: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear infections']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1904 concentration increases in @entity2348 but remains @entity1800 and inflammatory diseases. The change is rapid and the molecule is stable making it a potentially useful marker for distinguishing between @entity2348 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1904 (PCT) was determined with an immunoluminometric assay on plasma collected at admission in 436 @entity1 and @entity1 hospitalized for @entity2348 . It was compared with @entity1851 , @entity650 and interferon-alpha measured on the same sample. RESULTS: PCT was 41.3 +/- 77.4 micrograms/l in @entity1 with @entity295 or @entity4008 (n = 53), 0.39 +/- 0.57 microgram/l in @entity1 with @entity1800 (n = 274) and 3.9 +/- 5.9 micrograms/l in @entity1 with a localized @entity2348 who had a negative blood culture (n = 109). PCT was > 1 microgram/l in 126 @entity1 with a localized or systemic @entity2348 (sensitivity 78%). PCT was < 1 microgram/l in 258 @entity1 with a @entity1800 (specificity 94%). For differenciation between viral and @entity2348 , @entity1851 value > or = 20 mg/l, @entity650 > 100 pg/ml and interferon-alpha > 0 Ul/ml have 85, 48 and 76% sensitivity and 73, 85 and 92% specificity respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a PCT value of 1 microgram/l or greater had better specificity, sensitivity and predictive value than @entity1851 , @entity650 and interferon-alpha in @entity1 for distinguishing between viral and @entity2348 . PCT may be useful in pediatric emergency room for making decision about antibiotic treatments.

title: [ XXXX in pediatric emergencies: comparison with @entity1851 , @entity650 and interferon alpha in the differentiation between @entity2348 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial or viral infection', 'bacterial infection', 'bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['low in viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: Higher @entity4313 and @entity598 belong to the most important @entity375 secondary metabolites that significantly contribute to the overall flavor and aroma profile of fermented products. In @entity375 , esterification of higher @entity4313 is catalyzed mainly by the @entity285 acetyltransferases encoded by genes @entity48547 and @entity48548 . Previous investigation has shown other @entity375 species, e.g., @entity48549 and @entity48550 , to vary in aroma-active higher @entity4313 and @entity598 formation when compared to @entity375 . Here, we aimed to analyze the enzymes encoded by the @entity48547 and @entity48548 genes from @entity48549 (SkATF1, SkATF2) and @entity48550 (SuATF1, SuATF2). The heterologous expression of the individual @entity48547 and @entity48548 genes in a host @entity375 resulted in the enhanced production of several higher @entity4313 and @entity598 . Particularly, an increase of @entity48551 production by the strains that harbored @entity48547 and @entity48548 genes from @entity48549 and @entity48550 was observed. When grown with individual @entity3534 as the @entity1568 source, the strain that harbored SkATF1 showed particularly high @entity48551 production and the strains with introduced SkATF2 or SuATF2 revealed increased production of @entity48552 , @entity36995 , and @entity48551 compared to the reference strains with endogenous ATF genes. The @entity285 acetyltransferase activities of the individual @entity48547 and @entity48548 enzymes measured in the cell extracts of the @entity375 @entity48547 @entity48548 iah1 triple-null strain were detected for all the measured substrates. This indicated that @entity48549 and @entity48550 Atf enzymes had broad range substrate specificity as @entity375 Atf enzymes. Individual @entity48547 enzymes exhibited markedly different kinetic properties since SkAtf1p showed c. twofold higher and SuAtf1p c. threefold higher K m for @entity26483 than ScAtf1p. Together these results indicated that the differences found among the three @entity375 species during the aroma-active @entity598 formation may be due, to some extent, to the distinct properties of Atf enzymes.

title: Differences in Enzymatic Properties of the XXXX and @entity48550 @entity285 Acetyltransferases and Their Impact on Aroma-Active Compounds Production.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces', 'yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity48552 :: ('MESH:C038989', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate esters', 'acetate ester']

entities_list: @entity48551 :: ('MESH:C054590', 'Chemical') :: ['2-phenylethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity26483 :: ('MESH:C029683', 'Chemical') :: ['isoamyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity36995 :: ('MESH:C020377', 'Chemical') :: ['isoamyl acetate']

answer: @entity48549 :: (114524,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces kudriavzevii']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors designed this investigation to extend the development of a treatment for acquired @entity1741 ( @entity1741 )--sound production treatment ( @entity13350 )--by examining the effects of 2 treatment intensities and 2 schedules of practice. METHOD: The authors used a multiple baseline design across @entity1 and behaviors with 4 speakers with chronic @entity1741 and @entity2026 . Accuracy of production of trained and untrained words in phrases served as the dependent measure. @entity1 received 4 permutations of @entity13350 (i.e., intensive-blocked, intensive-random, traditional-blocked, and traditional-random) applied sequentially to different lists of words. RESULTS: Positive changes in accuracy of articulation were observed for all @entity1 for all phases of treatment. Two @entity1 had a slightly poorer response to the traditional-random application of treatment. However, no clinically meaningful differences were noted among treatment applications when follow-up data were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this preliminary Phase II investigation suggest that similar outcomes may be achieved with @entity13350 applied with different treatment intensities and different practice schedules. Extending treatment to achieve higher levels of accuracy may have improved maintenance effects, which may have revealed possible differences among conditions. In addition, overlap in methods used for random and blocked practice may have minimized distinctions between these conditions.

title: Treatment for acquired XXXX : examination of treatment intensity and practice schedule.

entities_list: @entity1741 :: ('OMIM:602081', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia of speech', 'AOS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity1741 :: (OMIM:602081,Disease) :: ['apraxia of speech']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are a frequent distressing symptom in @entity5 @entity1 , yet little is known about their treatment. Sleep problems and @entity308 frequently co-occur, leading healthcare professionals to treat @entity308 with the expectation that @entity25 will also improve. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of @entity903 to placebo on @entity25 via a secondary data analysis of a RCT designed to compare the effects of @entity903 to placebo on fatigue in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy. A previously published report found a significant effect of @entity903 on @entity308 in this cohort. METHODS: A total of 426 @entity1 were randomized following Cycle 2 of chemotherapy to receive either 20mg of @entity903 or placebo. Sleep problems were assessed using questions from the Hamilton Depression Inventory three times during chemotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 217 @entity1 received @entity903 and 209 received placebo. Significantly fewer @entity1 taking @entity903 reported @entity25 compared to @entity1 on placebo ( @entity903 79% versus Placebo 88%; p<0.05). These differences remained significant even after controlling for baseline @entity25 and @entity308 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity903 had a significant benefit on @entity25 in both @entity308 and non- @entity308 @entity5 @entity1 . However, rates of @entity25 remained high even among those effectively treated for @entity308 with @entity903 . There is a need to develop and deliver sleep-specific interventions to effectively treat sleep-related side effects of @entity5 treatments. These findings suggest that @entity25 and @entity308 are prevalent and co-morbid. Cancer progression, its response to treatment, and overall @entity1 survival are intricately linked to host factors, such as inflammatory response and circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles. Sleep problems and @entity308 are modifiable host factors that can influence @entity32 and impact @entity5 progression and quality of life. Future research should focus on discovering the pathogenesis of @entity25 and @entity308 in @entity5 so that better treatment approaches can be developed to ameliorate these symptoms.

title: Impact of @entity903 on @entity25 in 426 XXXX @entity1 receiving chemotherapy: a trial from the University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine', 'paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems', 'sleep dysregulation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The authors report seven cases of primary @entity5 of the small intestine observed and treated between 1989 and 1995 at the First Surgical Division of Treviglio Hospital. Three @entity1 were affected by @entity420 (two involving the duodenum and one the jejunum), two @entity1 had @entity8703 of the ileum, one presented a @entity1821 and one a @entity706 . Four @entity1 died (respectively at three months, 15 months, 18 months and five years after surgical intervention). Three @entity1 are still alive. The early clinical features of these @entity5 are typically vague and non specific and for this reason the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The prognosis of these lesions is generally poor owing to the diffusion of the disease at the time of diagnosis. In fact these @entity5 are preoperatively identified only in 27-72%. The percentage of surgical removal ranges between 65 and 80% according to the recent literature. This study is aimed at analysing the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the observed cases and the difficulties of the diagnostic procedure. The adopted surgical techniques and the outcome of the operative treatment are also examined.

title: [Malignant XXXX of the small intestine. Apropos of 7 cases. Clinical discussion and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of the ileum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['non-endocrine carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal liposarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: Conduction in the Pyramidal Tracts (PTs) was studied in 30 healthy volunteers and 17 @entity1 with definite @entity15 . @entity713 ( @entity713 ) was assessed employing unipolar electrical transcranial stimulation and studies of the peripheral conduction time. Fourteen out of the seventeen studied @entity1 showed @entity4681 . No significative correlation was found between the intensity of @entity425 and the slowness of conduction in the corresponding PTs. @entity854 were detected in more than half of the studied @entity1 . @entity73 showed a good correlation with the time course of the disease in the cortico-cervical (CCT) but not in the cortico-lumbar (CLT) tracts. Evidence favoring the existence of two different lesional levels along the PSs was found in 9 out of the 14 @entity1 studied with recordings in the hand and leg muscles. Two patterns of abnormalities gave support to this conclusion. The first consisted of slowed conduction or inexcitability in both the CCT and CLT at one side, while only one of the contralateral PTs was impaired. In the second one, the 4 explored PTs showed a slowed conduction, but in addition, @entity713 difference between the CLT and CCT was longer than normal. Both patterns suggest that one lesional level could be situated between the internal capsula and the lower cervical cord and the other in the spine below the 8th cervical methamera or in the corona radiata.

title: XXXX : assessment of lesional levels by means of transcranial stimulation.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'Central motor conduction time']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT slowness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Subclinical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The hospital-wide attack rate for @entity2718 -associated @entity294 at our tertiary-care university hospital was 0.02 per 100 @entity1 discharges (0.02%) in 1982, but 0.41% and 1.47% in 1986 and 1987, respectively, with a peak incidence of 2.25% in the fourth quarter of 1987. Hospital antibiotic usage patterns showed concurrent increased use of third-generation cephalosporins, and intravenous vancomycin and metronidazole. Thirty-seven cases selected for study were older than 37 control @entity1 , more likely to have an underlying @entity5 and less likely hospitalized on the obstetrics/gynecology service. Their mean duration of hospitalization prior to diagnosis was 21 days, versus a mean total length of stay of eight days for controls. All cases received antibiotics, compared to 24 of the controls. Cases were given more antibiotics for longer periods, and more often received clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and vancomycin. Gender, race, duration of hospitalization, prior surgery and antiulcer therapy were not significant by logistic regression analysis. Epidemiologic variables with significantly different adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were age greater than 65 years (14.1, 1.4-141), intensive care unit residence (39.2, 2.2-713), gastrointestinal procedure (23.2, 2.1-255) and more than ten antibiotic days (summation of days of each antibiotic administered) (16.1, 2.2-117). Control measures included encouraging earlier isolation and treatment of suspected cases and formulary restriction of clindamycin, with use of metronidazole for therapy of anaerobic infections. By the second half of 1988, the attack rate had dropped progressively to 0.74%.

title: Risk factors for @entity2718 toxin-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate pulpal @entity590 achieved after mandibular infiltration of five commonly marketed dental local anesthetic formulations as compared with a control formulation of @entity3303 with @entity1425 . METHODS: The authors evaluated 2 percent @entity3303 with 1:100,000 epinephrine (L100) against 4 percent articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100), 4 percent @entity21456 with 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200), 4 percent prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (P200), 3 percent mepivacaine without vasoconstrictor (Mw/o) and 0.5 percent @entity1341 with 1:200,000 epinephrine (B200). This repeated-treatment trial involved 18 healthy @entity1 . The investigators administered mandibular infiltration injections (six sessions per @entity1 ) of 0.9 milliliters of anesthetic into the buccal fold adjacent to the distal root of the mandibular first molar. The authors determined anesthetic efficacy across a 20-minute period by measuring changes in sensory threshold to electrical pulp test (EPT) stimulation. RESULTS: Twelve female and six male @entity1 (mean age, 24.9 years; range, 18-53 years) completed the study. The maximum mean increase from baseline of EPT measurements for the six formulations were 43.5 percent for L100, 44.8 percent for B200, 51.2 percent for P200, 66.9 percent for A200, 68.3 percent for Mw/o and 77.3 percent for A100 (A100 versus L100, P = .029). Adverse reactions were minor and not formulation dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The authors found that mandibular infiltration with 0.9 mL of the tested dental anesthetics could induce only partial pulpal @entity590 , a level likely to be inadequate for most dental procedures. When compared with L100, only the A100 induced statistically greater pulpal @entity590 after mandibular buccal infiltration.

title: The efficacy of six local anesthetic formulations used for posterior mandibular buccal infiltration XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity21456 :: ('MESH:D002355', 'Chemical') :: ['articaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity590 :: (MESH:D008305,Disease) :: ['anesthesia']


abstract: The effects of @entity20540 (ANP) on proximal epicardial coronary artery dimensions and coronary blood flow were examined in 7 awake @entity235 chronically instrumented with miniature coronary dimension crystals and Doppler flow probes on the circumflex coronary artery. ANP (10, 50, and 150 micrograms) was infused as a bolus via the left atrial catheter. Aortic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, heart rate, and dP/dt did not change significantly with any dose of ANP. ANP caused transient (1-5 minutes) dose-related increases in coronary blood flow; maximum increases were 28.1 +/- 6.9%, 40.2 +/- 6.2%, and 73.9 +/- 12.5% with the 10-, 50-, and 150-micrograms doses, respectively. ANP also induced prolonged (average 70.2 +/- 28.6 minutes with 150-micrograms dose) dose-related increases in coronary diameter; maximum increases were 3.1 +/- 1.0%, 3.9 +/- 1.5%, and 5.7 +/- 1.3% with the 10-, 50-, and 150-micrograms doses, respectively. The increase in diameter was not attenuated when the transient increase in blood flow was prevented by partial occlusion with a pneumatic snare. Combined autonomic blockade with @entity1169 (1 mg/kg), @entity5521 (1 mg/kg), and @entity3897 (0.06 mg/kg) attenuated the relative increase in coronary flow but did not alter the increases in epicardial coronary diameter produced by ANP. These data demonstrate that bolus injection of ANP effects preferential, sustained, dose-dependent, flow-independent increases in epicardial coronary dimensions and relatively brief dose-dependent increases in coronary blood flow. The vasodilator effects of ANP on epicardial vessels are direct and are not mediated via the autonomic nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on proximal epicardial coronary arteries and coronary blood flow in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity20540 :: ('608289(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity20540 :: (608289(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: A family of 40 @entity1 voltage-gated @entity972 (Kv) channels control membrane excitability in electrically excitable cells. The contribution of individual Kv channel types to electrophysiological signaling has been difficult to assign, as few selective inhibitors exist for individual Kv subunits. Guided by the exquisite selectivity of immune system interactions, we find potential for antibody conjugates as selective Kv inhibitors. Here, functionally benign anti-Kv channel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were chemically modified to facilitate photoablation of K currents. Antibodies were conjugated to @entity7170 compounds that upon photostimulation inflict localized oxidative damage. Anti- @entity13450 mAb- @entity7170 conjugates facilitated photoablation of @entity13450 currents. The degree of K current ablation was dependent on photon dose and conjugate concentration. Kv channel photoablation was selective for @entity13450 over @entity30354 or @entity9402 , yielding specificity not present in existing @entity2359 or other Kv channel inhibitors. We conclude that antibody- @entity7170 conjugates are capable of selective photoablation of Kv currents. These findings demonstrate that subtype-specific mAbs that in themselves do not modulate ion channel function are capable of delivering functional payloads to specific ion channel targets.

title: Antibody-guided photoablation of voltage-gated XXXX currents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxins']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: 224 @entity1 with undisplaced @entity2249 treated with two parallel Hansson hook pins were studied. After a mean follow-up time of 32 months (S.D. 5.2), 15% had a reoperation. 11% were considered failures, mostly avascular @entity39 , and 9% had a secondary arthroplasty. Possible risk factors for poor outcome were analysed. Neither high age nor surgical delay was associated with increased failure rate. Survivors received a questionnaire, and 40% stated that they had mild or severe @entity158 in the hip when walking, 25% had @entity158 at rest and 25 stated that they thought "always" or "often" about their injury. The younger the @entity1 , the more frequent the report of subjective @entity158 . 51% of individuals under 80 years reported @entity158 when walking, compared to 27% aged 80 or older (p=0.016). Corresponding numbers for @entity158 at rest were 32 and 12% (p=0.034). The failure rate did not differ between the age groups, but the younger @entity1 had more reoperations (p=0.046) and thought more frequently about their injury (p=0.016). An undisplaced @entity2249 is a @entity130 with a long-term daily discomfort in about 25% and clinical failure in 11%.

title: Undisplaced @entity2249 --no problems? A consecutive study of 224 XXXX treated with internal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Despite the undisputable effectiveness of the available @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ), short and long term outcome of @entity161 is often unsatisfactory and drug resistance phenomena are not uncommon. The causes of variability in the response seem to be primarily due to the heterogeneity of @entity161 in terms of clinical history, symptoms, and biological patterns. The high non-compliance rate is an important source of therapeutic failure particularly during long-term treatment. The lacking or poor response to @entity3326 can be linked to peculiar drug disposition patterns, which lead generally to inadequate plasma concentrations (too low or too high). To deal with pharmacokinetic aspects two main topics are discussed in this paper: (A) the interindividual differences in bioavailability and metabolism and (B) the plasma level-clinical response relationship. The knowledge of these aspects can significantly contribute to reducing some pseudo-drug resistance phenomena. Moreover, the need to combine these data with the new acquisitions on the pathophysiology of these disorders is emphasized, to deal properly with the complexity of drug response mechanisms during therapy with @entity3326 . New heuristic paradigms for @entity161 , stemming from the evidences of their heterogeneity, in terms of clinical course, outcome and biological findings, should be considered in relation to response. Accordingly, the concept of 'therapeutic window' (as conceived in the '70s) for @entity3326 (as for antidepressants) needs to be reexamined in relation to recent clinical, neurochemical and neuromorphological data. Finally, the indications for @entity3326 monitoring (particularly for drugs like @entity1767 and @entity1768 ) are reported, suggesting that a multidimensional operational strategy could be particularly suitable to deal with drug resistance problems.

title: A multidimensional (pharmacokinetic and clinical-biological) approach to neuroleptic response in XXXX . With particular reference to drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic medications', 'NDs']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic disorders', 'schizophrenic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: In @entity355 ( @entity355 ), the normal squamous lining of the esophagus is replaced by specialized columnar epithelium. Endoscopic surveillance with @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) and molecular biomarkers have been studied separately to @entity5 (EN) in @entity355 . The combination of advanced-imaging modalities and biomarkers has not been investigated; @entity2996 may help detecting biomarkers as a risk-stratification tool. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of @entity1 undergoing endoscopy for EN in @entity355 with @entity2996 and correlated five biomarkers ( @entity3772 , @entity10429 , @entity986 , @entity7596 , and @entity876 ) in tissue samples with @entity2996 and @entity1141 status. Fifty-eight samples from a previous prospective study were selected: 15 true-positive (TP: @entity2996 -positive, EN), 21 false-positive (FP: @entity2996 -positive, no EN), 12 true-negative (TN1; @entity2996 -negative, no EN in sample), 10 true-negative (TN2: @entity2996 -negative, no EN in esophagus). Methylation-specific RT-PCR was performed for @entity3772 , @entity10429 , @entity986 , and immunohistochemistry for @entity7596 , @entity876 . P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. @entity986 , @entity7596 , @entity876 correlated with @entity1141 (P < 0.01, P = 0.003, P < 0.001, respectively). Increased @entity986 methylation was observed between TP versus TN2 (P = 0.003) and TN1 versus TN2 (P = 0.04) subgroups, suggesting a field defect. Only @entity876 correlated with @entity2996 -status (P = 0.003). After exclusion of EN samples, significance was lost. Although correlation with @entity1141 status was confirmed for @entity986 , @entity7596 and @entity876 , underlining the importance of these biomarkers as an early event in neoplastic progression, none of the investigated biomarkers correlated with @entity2996 status. A larger prospective study is needed to assess the combination of @entity2996 and a larger panel of biomarkers to improve risk stratification in @entity355 .

title: Endoscopic TriModal imaging and biomarkers for XXXX conjoined: a feasibility study in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['detect early neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['AFI', 'autofluorescence imaging']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: Myocyte diameters were measured in two models of healed @entity583 to test the hypothesis that @entity1184 is a function of proximity to the @entity1188 . Left ventricular transmural and non-transmural @entity583 were produced in @entity468 by multiple ligatures of the distal tributaries of the left coronary artery system. Thirteen to twenty months after surgery the left ventricular free wall was cut longitudinally, embedded in plastic and stained for reticulum with modified @entity575 stain. Myocardial cell diameters were measured from apex to base through the @entity1188 . No regional differences were found in non-operated control hearts. In the transmural @entity1188 hearts, all cell diameters were significantly increased in comparison to controls (P less than or equal to 0.05). In the hearts with non-transmural @entity1188 , cell diameters were significantly increased in tissues adjacent to the @entity1188 , but as distance from the @entity1188 increased the cell diameters were not different from controls. Cells from the transmural @entity1188 had a greater percent increase in diameter, compared to controls, than did cells from the non-transmural @entity1188 . There is a gradient increase in myocyte diameters in transmural and non-transmural healed @entity583 ; this increase is greatest in the tissues adjacent to the @entity1188 . We conclude that cells close to a healed @entity583 hypertrophy because they are contracting against a non-compliant scar.

title: Morphometric mapping of regional myocyte diameters after healing of XXXX in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The impact of oral treatment with insulin on disease development was studied in @entity6 prone BB @entity35 . Because of the positive outcome of a prior study in non obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 , BB @entity35 received insulin in combination with a bacterial adjuvant. Porcine insulin was given orally twice weekly from 35-100 days of age, the @entity526 preparation @entity46702 was fed on alternate days. Other groups received vehicle, the bacterial adjuvant, or insulin alone. Both insulin containing oral dosing regimens induced a transient non significant delay in @entity6 onset. Insulin alone, however did not decrease the final @entity6 incidence. Oral dosing with insulin plus adjuvant caused exacerbation of disease development as judged from the decreased survival rate in comparison with the insulin treated group (p < 0.05). Intra-islet infiltration also increased (p < 0.005) compared with the insulin or vehicle treated groups. The effect correlated with enhanced @entity3692 and decreased @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) gene expression in the gut suggesting a shift towards proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) reactivity (p < 0.01). Although treatment with adjuvant alone also increased the degree of insulitis, an enhanced incidence of @entity6 and a shift in cytokine expression was only seen in the group receiving insulin plus adjuvant. Taken together, the data suggest that treatment with a bacterial adjuvant and oral insulin may alter the gut immunoregulatory state such that disease promoting rather than protective immune responses are induced.

title: Potential risk of oral insulin with adjuvant for the prevention of Type I diabetes: a protocol effective in NOD XXXX may exacerbate disease in BB @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3692 :: ('25712(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFNgamma)']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the tissue distribution of @entity23392 (TOR) in @entity6599 following intra-tissue injections and to examine the effectiveness of intratumoral TOR therapy of @entity6599 with various spontaneous @entity5 . Five healthy @entity6599 (Papio sp.) were used to examine the distribution of TOR following intra-tissue injections. Twenty-three different tissue specimens were collected for HPLC analysis. In addition, four @entity6599 with various spontaneous @entity5 ( @entity3291 , @entity957 , @entity1893 and @entity420 ) were treated with intratumoral TOR and their responses were evaluated. Tissue TOR distribution was also examined in these animals. In the tissue distribution study, target tissue/serum TOR concentration ratios ranged from 138 to 8873 and the target tissue/other tissue ratios ranged from 1.2 to 2428. The distribution of TOR was very favorable, with the highest concentrations outside the injection sites noted in adjacent organs. A marked response was observed in the @entity3291 and partial responses were observed in the other three cases. Drug level analysis data from these four animals revealed tissue concentrations similar to those seen in the TOR tissue distribution study. Intratumoral administration of TOR can achieve effective local @entity5 and tissue concentrations, while systemic distribution via circulation to other organs is limited.

title: Intratumoral XXXX therapy and tissue distribution in the baboon.

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity23392 :: (MESH:D017312,Chemical) :: ['toremifene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity2918 on the production of interleukins 2, 4, and 5 ( @entity1199 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 ), @entity2841 by CD4+ T cells. METHODS: TH0, @entity1198 , and TH2 T cell clones were stimulated in the presence and absence of the @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) analog @entity396 and @entity1421 . Lymphokine production was analyzed by using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction with lymphokine-specific primer sets and/or by determining lymphokine activity in bioassays. RESULTS: @entity1421 and @entity396 have distinct effects on different functional T helper cells. @entity1198 cells, which predominantly produce @entity1199 and @entity379 , are completely inhibited, while TH2 cells, which preferentially produce @entity3646 and @entity225 , are largely unaffected. @entity396 and @entity1421 are equivalent in their ability to modulate T cell function. In the presence of @entity2918 , TH0-like helper cells, which are characterized by the coproduction of multiple lymphokines, function as TH2 cells; however, they do not differentiate into TH2 T cells. CONCLUSION: @entity2918 that are produced in inflamed tissue can regulate the functional capabilities of infiltrating T cells. In the presence of @entity1421 , @entity1198 -like responses are suppressed and TH0-like responses are shifted toward a TH2-like pattern dominated by the production of @entity3646 and @entity225 . Inhibition of @entity3009 production by antiinflammatory agents might restore @entity1198 responses with local production of @entity1199 and @entity379 .

title: Modulation of helper T cell function by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and transformating growth factor beta 1']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: Palliative treatment of @entity5 aims to optimise swallowing for the maximum time possible with the minimum of general distress to these seriously ill @entity1 . Thirty four @entity1 considered unsuitable for surgery because of advanced @entity5 , other major pathology or in whom previous surgery had been unsuccessful were treated endoscopically with the Nd YAG laser. Significant improvement was achieved in 29 (85%). On a scale of 0-4 (0 = normal swallowing; 4 = @entity1282 for all fluids), mean improvement was 1.7, with 25 @entity1 (74%) able to swallow most, or all solids after treatment. With increasing experience, the average number of treatment sessions required for each @entity1 became less; initial time in hospital became comparable to that needed for intubation. Failures were caused by inappropriate @entity1 selection (3), or laser related perforation (2). The mean survival in the whole group was 19 weeks (range 2-44). Eighteen @entity1 needed further treatment for recurrent @entity1282 , a mean of six weeks (range 2-15) after initial therapy. Ten of these responded, but eight eventually required insertion of a prosthetic tube. The duration of good palliation was very variable after initial laser therapy.

title: Endoscopic laser palliation for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant dysphagia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study is to examine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors ( @entity6930 ) during testicular @entity63 /reperfusion (t I/R). The involvement of the Notch pathway, and their modulation by the antioxidant @entity670 is also studied. Three groups of male @entity35 were used: sham @entity35 , t I/ @entity5698 , and @entity670 -treated @entity35 (10 mg/kg). The t I/R @entity35 model underwent testicular artery occlusion of the left testis and was subjected to 60 min @entity63 followed by 4 h reperfusion. Protein expression of @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 , and @entity11018 were measured in testicular tissue. Histological examination was performed to assess spermatogenesis. Protein levels of @entity24805 , @entity1657 , and @entity49547 ( @entity49547 ) was quantified. The degree of testicular oxidative stress, DNA damage and germ cell apoptosis were also evaluated. T I/R induced severe @entity8 , a significant increase in @entity11017 and @entity6929 expression and decreased expression @entity6930 and @entity11018 . @entity670 treatment normalized the MMP- @entity6930 imbalance. @entity35 subjected to t I/R had low total antioxidant capacity of the testis, decreased @entity224 dismutase activity, and increased oxidative DNA damage. Enhanced activities of @entity12276 , @entity4124 and PARP were also observed during t I/R. @entity670 reversed the t I/R-induced suppression of the @entity24805 / @entity1657 / @entity49547 pathway. @entity670 was also able to salvage the testicular structure and function through restoring the MMP- @entity6930 anti-proteolytic balance, suppressing @entity16 , alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis. The Notch pathway is partly involved in inhibiting the t I/R-induced @entity73 .

title: XXXX alleviates testicular @entity63 and reperfusion injury-induced @entity16 and oxidative stress by suppressing abnormal testicular matrix metalloproteinase system via the @entity24805 / @entity1657 / @entity49547 and @entity12276 pathways.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubular damage']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein', 'genistein']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['testicular impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats', 'rat']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity670 :: (MESH:D019833,Chemical) :: ['Genistein']


abstract: AIM AND METHOD: To address the clinical significance of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) deposition in @entity8 of @entity1 , we examined renal localization of apolipoprotein (a) (apo(a)), which is the major apoprotein of Lp(a), using a new monoclonal antibody as a probe, and compared histological changes and clinical courses between the cases with and without apo(a) accumulation. Our study comprised 78 cases with various @entity8 . RESULTS: Of the 78 cases, 45 showed apo(a) deposition (group A) and the other 33 did not (group B). @entity1985 was similarly presented in groups A and B (46.7% vs 36.3%). Histological findings were analyzed in 62 proliferative and 16 non-proliferative original diseases separately. In the cases with @entity66 , severe histological changes were observed in group A more than in group B, severe proliferation (50.9% vs 26.1%: p < 0.01) and crescent formation (11.9% vs 5.1%: p < 0.01) were observed in group A over that of group B. However, the clinical status at the latest follow-up were quite similar, there was no difference of favorable (60.5% vs 62.5%) and unfavorable outcome (15.9% vs 16.7%) in groups A and B. In the cases with @entity66 , @entity1463 was more often encountered in group A than in group B (28.3% vs 6.5%). Group A carried poorer prognosis than group B in @entity66 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apo(a) deposits just passively follow the @entity130 , and they do not always accelerate it.

title: Clinical significance of apolipoprotein (a) deposition in @entity8 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['non-proliferative diseases', 'proliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['histological injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Important methodological questions still exist concerning the @entity619 Suppression Test (DST), including the possibility of a better way of interpreting it. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of an alternative way of interpreting DST results. METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 with @entity308 aged 41.0 +/- 11.4 years old participated in the study. Past and present suicide attempts were recorded. Psychometric assessment included the @entity308 ( @entity308 ), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), the Newcastle Depression Diagnostic Scale (NDDS), the Diagnostic Melancholia Scale (DMS) and the General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. The 1 mg DST protocol was used. Analysis methods included the chi square test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with Fisher least significant difference (LSD) as post hoc tests. RESULTS: In all, 34 @entity1 (68%) were suppressors, 16 (32%) were non-suppressors and 14 @entity1 had @entity701 values above 5 microg/dl at baseline. Baseline @entity701 level did not influence the classical DST interpretation. A total of 18 @entity1 (36%) showed an increase of their @entity701 levels after @entity619 administration and 32 @entity1 (64%) showed a decrease. Reducers had less melancholic features, similar levels of @entity308 , better sleep and less suicidal thoughts in comparison to increasers. No relationship of DST to suicidality was found. DISCUSSION: The present study explored the pattern of @entity701 response to @entity619 suppression and suggested an alternative way of coding and interpreting the DST on the basis of whether the @entity701 levels remain stable or increase vs decrease after the administration of @entity701 . The results put forward a complex way of understanding the relationship of the DST results with clinical symptoms.

title: Revisiting the @entity619 Suppression Test in XXXX : an exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['unipolar major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have examined the use of evidence-based therapies for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in the short term and at hospital discharge, but few have evaluated long-term use. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the Duke Databank for @entity65 for the years 1995 to 2002, we determined the annual prevalence and consistency of self-reported use of @entity117 , beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents, and their combinations in all @entity453 @entity1 and of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in those with and without @entity712 . Logistic-regression models identified characteristics associated with consistent use (reported on > or =2 consecutive follow-up surveys and then through death, withdrawal, or study end), and Cox proportional-hazards models explored the association of consistent use with mortality. Use of all agents and combinations thereof increased yearly. In 2002, 83% reported @entity117 use; 61%, beta-blocker use; 63%, lipid-lowering therapy use; 54%, @entity117 and beta-blocker use; and 39%, use of all 3. Consistent use was as follows: For @entity117 , 71%; beta-blockers, 46%; lipid-lowering therapy, 44%; @entity117 and beta-blockers, 36%; and all 3, 21%. Among @entity1 without @entity712 , 39% reported ACEI use in 2002; consistent use was 20%. Among @entity712 @entity1 , ACEI use was 51% in 2002 and consistent use, 39%. Except for ACEIs among @entity1 without @entity712 , consistent use was associated with lower adjusted mortality: @entity117 hazard ratio (HR), 0.58 and 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54 to 0.62; beta-blockers, HR, 0.63 and 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.67; lipid-lowering therapy, HR, 0.52 and 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.65; all 3, HR, 0.67 and 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.77; @entity117 and beta-blockers, HR, 0.61 and 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.65; and ACEIs among @entity712 @entity1 , HR, 0.75 and 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.84. CONCLUSIONS: Use of evidence-based therapies for @entity453 has improved but remains suboptimal. Although improved discharge prescription of these agents is needed, considerable attention must also be focused on understanding and improving long-term adherence.

title: Long-term adherence to evidence-based secondary prevention therapies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity11730 has been developed as a new oral anticancer drug based on the biological modulation of @entity1487 . We treated a @entity1 with highly advanced @entity356 with a new combination chemotherapy of @entity11730 and low-dose @entity1205 . Evident @entity5 reduction was observed following two cycles of this therapy in the @entity5 and metastatic lymph nodes. This was concluded to be a partial response. The @entity356 exhibited significant invasion to the serosa. Lymph nodes around the stomach were swollen. Peritoneal dissemination was also identified in the mesocolon. Palliative resection of part of the distal stomach and dissection of regional lymph nodes were performed. Histological examination demonstrated that no @entity5 cells were detected in the greater omentum, suggesting pathological complete remission. It is suggested that this regimen may provide a potent combined therapy for the treatment of @entity1 with highly advanced @entity356 and it may be useful as an adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy.

title: High efficacy of combination chemotherapy with XXXX and low-dose @entity1205 for the treatment of highly advanced @entity356 with peritoneal dissemination: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Disorders of arousal and @entity4939 of sleep-wake transition are revisited. Disorders of arousal are: Sleepwalking (SW), confusional arousals (CA) and @entity13390 ( @entity13390 ). SW, CA and @entity13390 are different clinical manifestations of the same disorder being @entity13390 the most severe and SW the mildest manifestation. Disorders of arousal are typical @entity4939 of NREM sleep, mainly slow wave sleep. Pathophysiological mechanism of these disorders is the state's dissociation of wakefulness and sleep. The conjunction of the constitutional factors (genetic, age, sleep privation, drugs, @entity458 , etc.), and precipitant factors (light, sound, temperature, touch, @entity386 , @entity354 , @entity410 , @entity221 , @entity458 , etc.) permit three possible arousal behavioral response: A full awakening, a shift stage of sleep or a partial arousal. Clinical significance of @entity4939 depend on the age. In @entity1 are caused by developmental and genetic factors and usually are autolimited. In adults usually are caused by psychopathology. In the elderly are often caused by @entity75 . @entity4939 of sleep-wake transition are: Rhythmic movements of sleep, sleeptalking, starts and the nocturnal cramp. Most of them are mild disorders, almost physiological phenomena that usually don't need any treatment.

title: [Alertness disorders and XXXX of the wakefulness-sleep transition].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['Parasomnias', 'arousal parasomnias', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity13390 :: ('MESH:D020184', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'sleep terrors']

answer: @entity4939 :: (MESH:D020447,Disease) :: ['parasomnias']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the association between physical exercise supervised in pregnant @entity1 with chronic @entity101 and/or previous @entity1468 and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method. Randomized controlled trial, which included 116 pregnant @entity1 with chronic @entity101 and/or previous @entity1468 , considered risk of @entity1468 development. They were divided into two groups: study group that performed physical exercise with a stationary bicycle once a week, for 30 minutes; the intensity was controlled (heart rate 20% above resting values), under professional supervision and a control group that was not engaged in any physical exercise. The data was retrieved from medical charts. Significance level assumed was 5%. Results. @entity1 from study group performed 9.24    7.03 of physical exercise sessions. There were no differences between groups comparing type of delivery and maternal outcomes, including maternal morbidity and hospitalization in intensive unit care, and neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, adequacy of weight to gestational age, prematurity, Apgar scale at first and fifth minutes, hospitalization in intensive unit care, and neonatal morbidity. Conclusions. Physical exercise using a stationary bicycle in pregnant @entity1 with chronic @entity101 and/or previous @entity1468 , once a week, under professional supervision, did not interfere in the delivery method and did not produce maternal and neonatal risks of the occurrence of morbidity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01395342.

title: Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Exercise in Pregnant XXXX with Chronic @entity101 and/or Previous Preeclampsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: CONTEXT: Aerobic fitness, an important predictor of @entity65 and mortality, is difficult to assess by maximal exercise testing in older adults. Extended walking tests have been examined as outcome predictors in medically ill populations but not in community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an extended walking test predicts poor outcomes in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Observational cohort study enrolling 3075 community-dwelling adults aged 70 to 79 years living in Pittsburgh, Pa, or Memphis, Tenn. Of those participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1584 (52%) were @entity1 and 1281 (42%) were black. @entity1 enrolled from March 1997 to April 1998. Ability to complete the long-distance corridor walk and total performance time was assessed at the baseline examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total mortality, incident @entity65 , incident mobility limitation, and @entity717 were ascertained after a mean (SD) of 4.9 (0.9) years. RESULTS: Among @entity1 eligible to exercise, 351 died, 308 had episodes of incident @entity65 , 1116 had occurrences of mobility limitation, and 509 had occurrences of @entity717 . Inability to complete walking 400 m tended to be associated with a higher risk of mortality and incident @entity65 and, after accounting for potential confounders, was associated with incident mobility limitation (212.6 vs 79.1 events/1000 @entity1 -years; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-2.18; P<.001) and @entity717 (85.2 vs 28.8 events/1000 @entity1 -years; adjusted HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.56-2.44; P<.001). Of those who completed 400 m, each additional minute of performance time was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.12-1.48) for mortality, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.01-1.42) for incident @entity65 , 1.52 (95% CI, 1.41-1.63) for mobility limitation, and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.37-1.70) for disability after adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, clinical and subclinical disease, and @entity65 risk factors. Findings were consistent in both @entity1 and @entity1 and blacks and whites. Among @entity1 who completed the test and after adjusting for potential confounders, those in the poorest quartile of functional capacity (walk time >362 seconds) had a higher risk of @entity204 than those in the best quartile (walk time <290 seconds; adjusted HR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.11-4.94; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults in the community who reported no difficulty walking had a wide range of performance on this extended walking test. Ability to do the test and performance were important prognostic factors for total mortality, @entity65 , mobility limitation, and @entity717 in @entity1 in their eighth decade.

title: Association of long-distance corridor walk performance with mortality, XXXX , mobility limitation, and disability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The effects of acylation-stimulating protein ( @entity2574 ) and insulin on free @entity844 (FFA) release from isolated @entity1 fat cells and the signal transduction pathways to induce these effects were studied. @entity2574 and insulin inhibited basal and @entity1063 -induced FFA release by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification (both to the same extent) and by inhibiting FFA produced during lipolysis ( @entity2574 to a lesser extent than insulin). Protein kinase C inhibition influenced none of the effects of @entity2574 or insulin. @entity4357 3-kinase inhibition counteracted the effects of insulin but not of @entity2574 . Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) activity was stimulated by @entity2574 and insulin, whereas @entity1980 activity was slightly increased by @entity2574 only. Selective PDE3 inhibition reversed the effects of both @entity2574 and insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and lipolysis. Selective @entity1980 inhibition slightly counteracted the @entity2574 but not the effect of insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and did not prevent the action of @entity2574 or insulin on lipolysis. Thus, @entity2574 and insulin play a major role in regulating FFA release from fat cells as follows: insulin by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification and inhibiting lipolysis and @entity2574 mainly by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification. For both @entity2574 and insulin these effects on FFA release are mediated by PDE3, and for @entity2574 @entity1980 might also be involved. The signaling pathway preceding PDE is not known for @entity2574 but involves @entity4357 3-kinase for insulin.

title: Mechanisms involved in the regulation of free @entity844 release from isolated XXXX fat cells by acylation-stimulating protein and insulin.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol', 'Phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present article reports a case involving a 29-year-old @entity1 who developed severe @entity712 (New York Heart Association class IV). He had a complex surgical history, beginning with the repair of an anterior sinus of @entity439 and closure of a @entity1757 at eight months of age. His residual @entity439 and mixed @entity886 necessitated mechanical aortic valve replacement at 14 years of age. One year later, he developed coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic valve @entity884 , necessitating an additional replacement of his valve with a pulmonary homograft. Subsequent follow-up revealed a dilated ascending aorta (6 cm) and increased regurgitation through his homograft, with significant dilation of the left ventricle. At 20 years of age, he underwent excision of the aneurysmal ascending aorta and arch of the aorta, and the aortic valve was replaced with a 29 mm bioprosthetic valve. This proved satisfactory for nine years until he presented at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Services Foundation Trust (London, United Kingdom) with severe @entity337 . His logistic EuroScore was 5.9 and Parsonnet score was 17 but, due to extensive previous surgery, he was considered and accepted for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A 29 mm Edwards Sapien valve (Edwards Lifesciences, USA) was successfully implanted using a valve-in-valve procedure. The @entity1 remained well and symptom free at early follow-up. Technical aspects of this complex adult congenital case that, to the authors' knowledge is the youngest case of transcatheter aortic valve implantation and the first 29 mm valve-in-valve procedure, are discussed.

title: Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a complex aortic surgical XXXX : A case involving the youngest valve-in-valve implantation with a 29 mm transcather valve.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Valsalva aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']