abstract: The distribution of @entity1063 -immunoreactivity in the brain of the mormyrid fish @entity31457 was studied in order to evaluate the noradrenergic innervation of a number of specialized mormyrid brain regions, including electrosensory centers and a gigantocerebellum. @entity1063 -immunoreactive ( @entity11925 ) neurons occur in the hypothalamic paraventricular organ (PVO), the locus coeruleus, and the caudal rhombencephalon. In the PVO, @entity11925 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons are located in the same regions where @entity935 - and @entity750 -containing CSF contacting neurons occur. The locus coeruleus consists, on each side, of at least 30 rather large @entity11925 neurons with ventrolaterally directed dendrites and dorsolaterally coursing axons. In the caudal rhombencephalon, @entity11925 neurons are located in the transition region between the ventromedial motor zone and the dorsolateral sensory zone. The density of @entity11925 fibers is very high in the efferent tract of the locus coeruleus, the medial forebrain bundle, and two @entity4519 , one preoptic, and one rhombencephalic subependymal axonal plexus. A marked @entity11925 innervation is present in the dorsomedial and ventral telencephalon, the preoptic region, periventricular hypothalamic and thalamic regions, the midbrain tectum, cerebellar granular layers, the electrosensory lateral line lobe, the rhombencephalic transition region between the sensory and motor zones, and the area postrema. Other regions are more sparsely innervated by @entity11925 fibers, but regions completely devoid of @entity11925 fibers were not observed. Interestingly, @entity11925 fibers form large club endings in some subdivisions of the precerebellar nucleus lateralis valvulae, and parallel fibers in the cerebellar granular layer. Comparison with the distribution of @entity11925 or @entity935 -beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in other species shows that all teleosts studied to date have noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus and the caudal rhombencephalon. However, @entity11925 CSF-contacting PVO cells have been described only in the teleost @entity31457 and the lizard @entity27914 (Smeets and Steinbusch: J. Comp. Neurol. 285:453-466, '89). It is possible that they might pick up @entity2661 as well as @entity750 from the CSF, into which monoamines might be released by @entity4519 and preoptic subependymal axonal plexuses.

title: Distribution of @entity1063 -immunoreactivity in the brain of the mormyrid teleost XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity31457 :: ('42645', 'Species') :: ['Gnathonemus petersii']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity31457 :: (42645,Species) :: ['Gnathonemus petersii']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Decreases in @entity26 saturation (SO2) and @entity880 concentration [Lac] from superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) to pulmonary artery have been reported. These gradients (Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac]) are probably created by diluting @entity6480 blood with blood of lower SO2 and [Lac]. We tested the hypothesis that Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] result from mixing @entity6480 and inferior vena cava (IVC) blood streams. METHODS: This was a prospective, sequential, observational study of hemodynamically stable individuals with @entity120 (n = 9) who were about to undergo right heart catheterization. Catheters were advanced under fluoroscopic guidance into the IVC, @entity6480 , right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery. Samples were obtained at each site and analyzed for @entity9734 , [Lac], and @entity413 concentration ([ @entity367 ]). Analysis of variance with Tukey HSD test was used to compare metabolite concentrations at each site. RESULTS: There were no differences in SO2 or [Lac] between IVC and @entity6480 , both being greater than their respective pulmonary artery measurements (P < 0.01 for SO2 and P < 0.05 for [Lac]). SO2 and [Lac] in right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery were similar. Delta SO2 was 4.4 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- standard deviation) and Delta[Lac] was 0.16 +/- 0.11 mmol/l (both > 0; P < 0.001). Delta[ @entity367 ] was -0.19 +/- 0.31 mmol/l, which was not significantly different from zero, with @entity6480 [ @entity367 ] being less than IVC [ @entity367 ]. CONCLUSION: Mixing of @entity6480 with IVC blood does not account for the development of Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] in hemodynamically stable individuals with @entity120 . An alternate mechanism is mixing with coronary sinus blood, implying that Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] may reflect changes in coronary sinus SO2 and [Lac] in this @entity1 population.

title: The concentration of @entity26 , @entity880 and XXXX in the central veins, right heart, and pulmonary artery: a study in @entity1 with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Impaired @entity384 ( @entity384 ) occurs in disease states associated with @entity731 , including @entity1252 . The primary hemodynamic determinant of @entity384 is wall shear stress, which is critically dependent on the forearm microcirculation. We explored the relationship between @entity384 , @entity15071 ( @entity15071 ), and the forearm microcirculation in 32 @entity1 with @entity1252 and 19 controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity15071 was calculated using (mean diastolic velocity x 8 x blood viscosity)/baseline brachial artery diameter. Doppler velocity envelopes from the first 15 seconds of reactive @entity450 were analyzed for resistive index (RI), and interrogated in the frequency domain to assess forearm microvascular hemodynamics. @entity384 was significantly impaired in @entity1252 @entity1 (median, 2.4%; range, -2.1% to 10.7% versus median 5.8%; range, 1.9% to 14%; P<0.001). @entity15071 (dyne/cm2) was significantly reduced in @entity1252 @entity1 (median, 18.5; range, 3.9 to 34.0 versus median 21.8; range, 14.1 to 58.7; P=0.037). A strong correlation between @entity384 and @entity15071 , r(s)=0.65, P=0.01 was found. Postischemic RI was not significantly different between the 2 groups; however, there were significant differences in the power-frequency spectrums of the Doppler velocity envelopes (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in @entity1252 , altered structure and function of the forearm microcirculation contributes to impaired @entity384 through a reduction in shear stress stimulus.

title: Microcirculatory hemodynamics and endothelial dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity15071 :: ('MESH:C563897', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'diastolic shear stress']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity10316 derivatives (MW approximately 1500) and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) conjugated to @entity10316 derivatives (MW approximately 150,000) were analyzed by UV-MALDI/ @entity15 , IR-MALDI/ @entity15 , and ESI/ @entity15 . These materials are potent anticancer agents. @entity10316 derivatives and conjugates rapidly degrade upon UV irradiation but are relatively stable during IR irradiation and under ESI conditions. A unique feature of IR-MALDI/ @entity15 is a 2 times enhancement in resolution relative to UV-MALDI/ @entity15 for masses above approximately 50,000 Da resulting in a molecular ion envelope containing a series of partially resolved peaks of the @entity10316 -MoAb conjugates. The mass shift difference between the peak maxima corresponded to the mass change due to the covalent addition of @entity10316 derivatives to the monoclonal antibody. The distribution of the @entity10316 derivatives in the monoclonal antibodies was computed by deconvoluting the partially resolved peak envelope. A unique feature of the ESI mass spectra, under unit resolution conditions, is that the distribution of the @entity3363 can be well resolved for pure MoAbs and can be only partially resolved for conjugated MoAbs. Average loading values for calicheamicia derivatives when conjugated to MoAbs were computed from UV-MALDI/ @entity15 , IR-MALDI/ @entity15 , and ESI/ @entity15 data and the results compared with the average loading values obtained by UV absorption spectrometry. Very low average loading values were computed from UV-MALDI/ @entity15 data due to the degradation of the conjugated @entity10316 derivatives during the UV irradiation process. The IR-MALDI/ @entity15 average loading values, obtained with @entity653 as the matrix, were consistent with the UV absorption spectrometry values for conjugates having hydrolytically stable linkers, but not when the linker contained a hydrolytically labile @entity30095 . ESI/ @entity15 average loading values were generally lower than the corresponding values obtained by IR-MALDI/ @entity15 . The average loading values and distributions obtained using IR-MALDI/ @entity15 were more reliable than the corresponding ESI/ @entity15 values because the partially resolved, singly and doubly charged peaks in the IR-MALDI spectra can be mathematically deconvoluted, while the overlapping, highly multiply charged peaks of the electrospray spectra can only be partially deconvoluted.

title: XXXX derivatives conjugated to monoclonal antibodies: determination of loading values and distributions by infrared and UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity30095 :: ('CHEBI:38532', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrazone']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity10316 :: ('CHEBI:64068', 'Chemical') :: ['Calicheamicin', 'calicheamicin']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity10316 :: (CHEBI:64068,Chemical) :: ['Calicheamicin']


abstract: AIMS: Wound healing is deeply dependent on neovascularization to restore blood flow. The neovascularization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) through paracrine secretion has been reported in various tissue repair models. Exosomes, key components of cell paracrine mechanism, have been rarely reported in wound healing. METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from the media of EPCs obtained from @entity1 umbilical cord blood. @entity6 @entity35 wound model was established and treated with exosomes. The in vitro effects of exosomes on the proliferation, @entity4222 and angiogenic tubule formation of endothelial cells were investigated. RESULTS: We revealed that @entity1 umbilical cord blood EPCs derived exosomes transplantation could accelerate cutaneous wound healing in @entity6 @entity35 . We also showed that exosomes enhanced the proliferation, @entity4222 and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, we found that endothelial cells stimulated with these exosomes would increase expression of angiogenesis-related molecules, including @entity6898 , @entity7 , @entity319 , @entity3658 , @entity4105 , @entity6332 , @entity9554 and @entity687 . CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings indicated that EPCs-derived exosomes facilitate wound healing by positively modulating vascular endothelial cells function.

title: @entity1 endothelial progenitor cells-derived exosomes accelerate cutaneous wound healing in XXXX @entity35 by promoting endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Low stringency screening of a Jurkat cDNA library with a @entity35 brain K+ channel ( @entity10901 ) probe has resulted in the isolation of @entity12309 , a voltage-gated K+ channel. In @entity1238 oocytes, the @entity12309 clone directs the expression of a rapidly activating transient outward K+ current similar to the type n K+ current recorded in Jurkat T cells. The @entity12309 gene is located on the short arm of @entity1 chromosome 1 (p13.3). Polymerase chain reaction was used to clone HIsK from Jurkat cDNA. The HIsK clone shares the same sequence with a previously described genomic clone (Murai, T., Kazikuka, A., Takumi, T., Ohkubo, H., and Nakanishi, S. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 176-181). In @entity1238 oocytes, it encodes a slowly activating, noninactivating K+ channel which cannot be recorded in Jurkat cells by conventional patch-clamp techniques. Transcripts of both clones are present at a similar level before and after activation of purified @entity1 T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells, reflecting a constitutive expression of K+ channel messages. This finding is in good agreement with the electrophysiological results for type n K+ current density on the same cells. @entity12309 current is very sensitive to the scorpion toxin @entity9443 (IC50 = 0.8 nM). HIsK current is totally insensitive to this toxin but is blocked by the antiarrhythmic @entity18955 (IC50 = 80 microM). While @entity9443 has no effect on @entity1199 mRNA induction, @entity18955 potently inhibits @entity1199 mRNA expression upon mitogen-induced T cell activation. It is concluded that the @entity12309 channel is not an important component of the T cell mitogenic response. Other targets for K+ channel blockers, such as the HIsK protein, could be involved in the activation process.

title: Cloning, functional expression, and regulation of two K+ channels in XXXX T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity18955 :: ('MESH:C022799', 'Chemical') :: ['clofilium']

entities_list: @entity9443 :: ('MESH:D018999', 'Chemical') :: ['charybdotoxin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Distant @entity3 is becoming a more frequently recognized pattern of treatment failure in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). In this study, we evaluated the effect of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine in an early pulmonary metastatic @entity19 model with the aim of providing an effective treatment for @entity213 @entity1 presenting with occult pulmonary @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: In vivo animal experiments were conducted in C3H/He immunocompetent @entity19 using the SCCVII syngeneic @entity957 cell line. METHODS: SCCVII cells were injected through the tail vein to establish early pulmonary @entity3 . Bone marrow-derived DCs were cultured and educated with ultraviolet B-irradiated apoptotic SCCVII cells before adoptive transfer into the inguinal area. Control groups were vaccinated with normal saline, na  ve DCs, or apoptotic @entity5 cells. RESULTS: In the apoptotic SCCVII-pulsed DC group, the number of @entity2 nodules was reduced, extirpated lung weight was less, and survival was longer than in control groups. Differences were statistically significant (P < .0001). Specific antitumor immunity was established only in the pulsed DC group, which was confirmed by an interferon-y enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS: In an early pulmonary metastatic SCC @entity19 model, systemic antitumor responses can be elicited by adoptive transfers of DCs, which were primed with apoptotic @entity5 cells. We hope this study will help improve overall survival of @entity1 with @entity213 , especially when they have early or occult pulmonary @entity3 .

title: Immunotherapy with dendritic cells in an animal model of early pulmonary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify indicators of accuracy for consumer health information on the Internet. The results will help lay @entity1 distinguish accurate from inaccurate health information on the Internet. DESIGN: Several popular search engines (Yahoo, AltaVista, and Google) were used to find @entity19688 on the treatment of fever in @entity1 . The accuracy and completeness of these @entity19688 was determined by comparing their content with that of an instrument developed from authoritative sources on treating fever in @entity1 . The presence on these @entity19688 of a number of proposed indicators of accuracy, taken from published guidelines for evaluating the quality of health information on the Internet, was noted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between the accuracy of @entity19688 on treating fever in @entity1 and the presence of proposed indicators of accuracy on these pages. Likelihood ratios for the presence (and absence) of these proposed indicators. RESULTS: One hundred @entity19688 were identified and characterized as "more accurate" or "less accurate." Three indicators correlated with accuracy: displaying the HONcode logo, having an organization domain, and displaying a copyright. Many proposed indicators taken from published guidelines did not correlate with accuracy (e.g., the author being identified and the author having medical credentials) or inaccuracy (e.g., lack of currency and advertising). CONCLUSIONS: This method provides a systematic way of identifying indicators that are correlated with the accuracy (or inaccuracy) of health information on the Internet. Three such indicators have been identified in this study. Identifying such indicators and informing the providers and consumers of health information about them would be valuable for public health care.

title: Indicators of accuracy of consumer health information on the Internet: a study of indicators relating to information for managing fever in XXXX in the home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity788 is a disease difficult to treat. Diagnosis is late, @entity5 remaining clinically unapparent even if locally advanced or metastatic. Few @entity1 can be submitted to curative surgery. Even if resection is possible, 5-year survival varies from 0% to 18% according to series. Some data suggest that chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy could influence disease free survival but a benefit on overall survival has not been demonstrated. For locally advanced disease, the results of a trial published in 1968, showed that a combination of radiotherapy and @entity1487 (5FU) improved median survival as compared to radiotherapy alone (5.5 versus 10 months). Since then, no progress has been achieved. At the present time, survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 cannot be improved. Very recently, a new agent, @entity136 , has been compared to 5FU. Criteria for activity were based on clinical improvement analgesia consumption, performance status and @entity1017 . Twenty-four percent of the @entity1 treated with @entity136 had a clinical benefit as compared to 5% for those treated with 5FU. Other studies comparing chemotherapy to best supportive care show a significant @entity308 and @entity148 as well as an improvement in quality of life for @entity1 being treated.

title: [Non surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether olfactory status predicts @entity73 ( @entity73 ) over a 2-year follow-up period. METHODS: The authors enrolled individuals in a community-based longitudinal study of memory and aging in the Japanese-American community in King County, WA, between 1992 and 1994. At baseline they screened 1,985 @entity1 using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and the 12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT). Of these 1,985 @entity1 , 1,836 were found not to be demented. Two years later the authors rescreened 1,604 @entity1 with the CASI. They defined @entity73 as a 2-year loss of > or =5.15 points/100 on the CASI. They genotyped 69% of the 1,604 @entity1 completing both examinations for @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ). RESULTS: After adjusting for age, CASI score at baseline, education, smoking, sex, and follow-up time, the authors determined an odds ratio (OR) for @entity73 of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.97) for an increase in each correct point on the CC-SIT (range, 0 to 12). Compared with normosmics, the OR for @entity1 with impaired olfaction (microsmics) was 1.25 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.89) and for anosmics the OR was 1.92 (95% CI, 1.06 to 3.47). @entity1 who were anosmic at baseline and who had at least one @entity2204 -epsilon4 allele had 4.9 times the risk of @entity73 (95% CI, 1.6 to 14.9) compared with normosmics without the epsilon4 allele. The estimated relative risk among @entity1 was 9.7 (95% CI, 1.3 to 70.4), and for @entity1 the risk was 3.2 (95% CI, 0.8 to 12.6). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that although the area under the curve (AUC) for baseline CASI was only 0.51, the AUC for CC-SIT alone was 0.62. Adding CC-SIT to the ROC model with CASI improved the AUC curve from 0.51 to 0.62. CONCLUSIONS: Unexplained olfactory dysfunction in the presence of one or more @entity2204 -epsilon4 alleles is associated with a high risk of @entity73 . Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test classifies @entity1 with @entity73 correctly to a greater degree than a global cognitive test.

title: Impaired olfaction as a marker for XXXX : interaction with @entity2204 epsilon4 status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: The @entity50093 )/ErbB system has emerged as a cardioprotective system that becomes activated during myocardial stress, most convincingly shown in response to @entity1370 chemotherapy. Direct evidence of increased ventricular ErbB receptor activity in @entity712 unrelated to @entity1370 drugs is, however, limited. We investigated changes in @entity50093 expression, ErbB receptor phosphorylation and downstream activation of intracellular ErbB targets during rapid pacing and progressive @entity67 in the @entity235 . @entity712 was induced in @entity235 by 7 weeks of rapid pacing. Ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography. Messenger RNA expression was investigated in ventricular biopsies using quantitative PCR. Activation of @entity50093 /ErbB signaling and of downstream targets was investigated using immunoprecipitation and/or Western blotting. Over the course of 7 weeks of pacing and @entity2554 , ventricular levels of @entity50093 , but not of other @entity50094 ligands, and of @entity50095 , a protease promoting @entity50093 release, progressively increased. In parallel, levels of activated @entity35152 and @entity50094 , phosphorylated at @entity669 residues 877/1248 and 1284 respectively, became progressively higher. Similarly, levels of total and phosphorylated PI-3 kinase increased. Surprisingly, however, and in contrast with activation of downstream targets of ErbB receptors in normal hearts, Akt and @entity23417 , remained inactivated. This study shows that ventricular @entity35152 and @entity50094 receptors become activated during the development of pacing-induced @entity712 , but that downstream signaling is, at least partly, abrogated. Abrogation of cardioprotective signaling after ErbB activation is an unanticipated phenomenon in the progression of @entity712 with possibly major pathophysiological significance. The underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.

title: Ventricular XXXX / @entity50094 activation and downstream signaling in pacing-induced @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity35152 :: (403883(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['ErbB2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shock index as the ratio of heart rate to systolic blood pressure is a simple triage tool that correlates well with various outcomes in @entity130 @entity1 . Concern has been raised regarding the accuracy of shock index in older @entity1 . We sought to investigate the effects of age on the accuracy of shock index. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of data from a level I @entity130 center. Shock index was calculated for 16,269 @entity1 , and they were stratified into age groups by decade. The correlation between @entity1457 index for each of the age groups and for several outcome variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate an increase in shock index during transit and its relationship with mortality. RESULTS: All correlation values for @entity1 between 16 and 60 years of age were positive (P < .05). In @entity1 who are older than 80 years, none of the correlations with the outcome variables were statistically significant. In @entity1 older than 60 years, an increased shock index during transit correlated with an increase in mortality rates. CONCLUSION: As expected, @entity1457 index alone has diminishing accuracy for @entity1 older than 60 years of age and should be interpreted cautiously by @entity130 triage personnel. Shock index alone in @entity1 younger than 60, and its increase during transit in @entity1 older than 60, can be used as a valuable tool for the prehospital triage of @entity130 @entity1 when determining the need for transport to a @entity130 center, preparation of resources, or activation of the @entity130 team.

title: An analysis of shock index as a correlate for outcomes in XXXX by age group.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['prehospital shock']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Bone involvement, a hallmark of @entity5 , results in intolerable @entity158 , substantial morbidity, and impaired quality of life in 34%-45% of @entity5 @entity1 . Despite the publication of 15 studies on massage therapy (MT) in @entity5 @entity1 , little is known about the longitudinal effects of MT and safety in @entity5 @entity1 with bone @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of MT and to examine the effects of MT on present @entity158 intensity (PPI), @entity148 , and physiological relaxation over a 16- to 18-hour period in 30 Taiwanese @entity5 @entity1 with bone metastases. A quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-post-test design with repeated measures was used to examine the time effects of MT using single-item scales for @entity158 (PPI-visual analog scale [VAS]) and @entity148 ( @entity227 ), the modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MSF-MPQ), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). MT was shown to have effective immediate [t(29)=16.5, P=0.000; t(29)=8.9, P=0.000], short-term (20-30 minutes) [t(29)=9.3, P=0.000; t(29)=10.1, P=0.000], intermediate (1-2.5 hours) [t(29)=7.9, P=0.000; t(29)=8.9, P=0.000], and long-term benefits (16-18 hours) [t(29)=4.0, P=0.000; t(29)=5.7, P=0.000] on PPI and @entity148 . The most significant impact occurred 15 [F=11.5(1,29), P<0.002] or 20 [F=20.4(1,29), P<0.000] minutes after the intervention. There were no significant time effects in decreasing or increasing HR and MAP. No @entity1 reported any adverse effects as a result of MT. Clinically, the time effects of MT can assist health care providers in implementing MT along with pharmacological treatment, thereby enhancing @entity5 management. Randomized clinical trials are needed to validate the effectiveness of MT in this @entity5 population.

title: Effects of a full-body massage on @entity158 intensity, @entity148 , and physiological relaxation in Taiwanese XXXX with metastatic @entity158 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-VAS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity320 cells exhibit a high level of intrinsic or acquired resistance to the cytotoxic agents often associated with the over-expression of drug transporters such as @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ). In this in vitro study, we investigated the possible relationship between @entity1262 and @entity1759 , the cell adhesion molecule involved in @entity3 and @entity5 progression of @entity320 cells. @entity1759 expression appeared to be similar in the parental sensitive M14 WT cells and in their resistant counterparts M14 ADR cells. Double-labeling of cryosectioned cells showed that @entity1262 and @entity1759 were transported from the synthesis loci to the cell periphery by different vesicles and began to coalesce in proximity of the plasma membrane; thus, @entity1262 and @entity1759 seemed to reach together the cell surface. Moreover, @entity1262 and @entity1759 appeared to be associated with ERM proteins. The invasive activities of both M14 WT and M14 ADR cells were analyzed by the "transwell chamber invasion" assay. M14 WT cells revealed low capacity to traverse the filters, both in the absence (motility) and in the presence (invasion) of a Matrigel coating. In comparison, M14 ADR cells displayed significantly higher motility and invasion. SEM observations showed that sensitive cells employed lamellar cytoplasmic extrusions to pass through the filter pores whereas resistant cells elongated along the hole through globular processes. In conclusion, the results herein reported suggest that drug resistance in @entity320 cells appears associated with a more @entity146 . @entity1262 and @entity1759 might cooperate to confer this more invasive phenotype.

title: Invasive properties of multidrug resistant human XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the view of health and ancillary staff about @entity286 consumption in Health Centres, smokers' profiles, and their degree of motivation to give up. DESIGN: Observational and crossover study.Setting. Primary Care district in the city of Barcelona (Eixample District). @entity1 : All the health and ancillary staff in the District (n=932). MEASUREMENTS: Personal questionnaire with anonymous reply on: personal details, @entity286 habit, view on the function of example, compliance with regulations in force, and their attitude to @entity286 in the work-place. MAIN RESULTS: 52% replied; 68.4% were @entity1 , with average age 46.9 (SD 9.9). 26.5% smoked; 43.8% had never smoked and 29.6% were ex-smokers. 87.5% thought example an important function; 68.1%, that prohibition signs were insufficient; 72.8%, that legal regulations were not complied with; 77.2% thought space should be reserved for smokers; and 61.2% were annoyed that there was smoking in the centre. 63.9% of the health staff counselled smoker @entity1 as a matter of course. There was greater prevalence of smokers among clerical staff, nurses and the "others" group. Smokers consumed 16.6 cigarettes per day (SD 9.5), had been smoking for 23.2 years (SD 9.6). 54.3% had tried at least once to give it up. 59.1% had high dependency and 76.7% had high motivation. 64.8% would participate in activities to stop smoking and 72.4% thought that their employers should provide assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Those surveyed thought that example was an important function, signs were insufficient and the regulations in force were not respected. Half the smokers would be interested in taking part in activities to help them give up and think the company should help them.

title: [Tackling XXXX dependency among a Health District's employees].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'women']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity292 after penetrating cervical @entity130 (gunshot or stab wounds) are rarely reported. Successful endovascular coil embolization of an acute fistulizing vertebral artery @entity2849 involving an obstructed internal jugular vein is presented and the various treatment strategies for such a lesion are described. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 23-year-old @entity1 presented from an outside institution after sustaining 2 gunshot wounds in a civilian conflict. Neuroimaging revealed a right vertebral artery @entity2849 , which formed a fistulous connection with the internal jugular vein. Because @entity3181 was present just below the @entity292 , a high-flow shunt was directed intracranially. Both the @entity2849 and @entity2548 were accessed percutaneously via a transfemoral route and coil embolization was performed. Perfusion of the basilar artery circulation was assumed by the contralateral vertebral artery. The @entity76 filled through retrograde flow down the vertebral confluence. CONCLUSIONS: Coil embolization is a safe and reliable strategy by which to obliterate an acute traumatic vertebrojugular @entity292 as well as @entity2849 . Serial angiographic follow-up is mandatory to document a persistent cure.

title: Transarterial coil embolization of a high-flow vertebrojugular @entity292 due to penetrating craniocervical XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Vertebrojugular fistulas']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral posteroinferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity5 incidence for American Indians and Alaska Natives is typically reported as a single rate for all U.S. indigenous populations combined. Previously reported combined rates suggest that American Indians and Alaska Natives have lower @entity5 incidence rates compared with the U.S. population. Alaska Native @entity1 comprise three major ethnic groups: Eskimo, Indian, and Aleut @entity1 . We examined @entity5 incidence from only Alaska Indians and compared incidence rates with an American Indian population living in New Mexico. These data indicate striking differences in @entity5 patterns between two American Indian populations. @entity5 data for the years 1993 to 2002 for American Indians of New Mexico and U. @entity1762 are from the National @entity5 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Public-use data set. Data for Alaska Indians are from the Alaska Native Tumor Registry, which is also a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program @entity1 . Overall, @entity5 incidence rates for all sites combined in New Mexico Indian @entity1 and @entity1 were lower than U. @entity1762 rates, whereas Alaska Indian @entity1 and @entity1 exceeded U.S. rates. In comparing Alaska and New Mexico Indians, we observed a 2.5-fold higher incidence of @entity5 among Alaska Indians. The largest differences between the two Indian populations were noted primarily in @entity5 associated with @entity286 use, including @entity5 of the oral cavity/pharynx, esophagus (only in @entity1 ), colon and rectum, pancreas, larynx ( @entity1 ), lung, prostate, and urinary bladder ( @entity1 ). @entity2 rates in Alaska Indian @entity1 and @entity1 were 7 and 10 times those of New Mexico Indian @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Differences in @entity5 incidence among Indians in Alaska and New Mexico and U. XXXX , 1993-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

answer: @entity1762 :: (64459,Species) :: ['S. Whites']


abstract: Short-term effects of physiological concentrations of conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) on membrane integrity, metabolic function, cellular lipid composition, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes were examined using @entity35 hepatocyte suspension cultures. Incubation with @entity13357 (5-20 ppm) for 3 h decreased the ability of hepatocyte plasma membranes to exclude @entity3460 by approximately 25%, and caused leakage of cytosolic @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium. The significant decrease (P< 0.02) in hepatocyte viability as measured by LDH leakage during cell incubation with 10 and 20 ppm @entity13357 was not associated with significant changes in cellular @entity855 content. Protein synthesis in hepatocytes was elevated (P < 0.05) in the presence of 5 and 10 ppm @entity13357 , but at a higher concentration (20 ppm), protein synthesis was similar to that of control cells. Gluconeogenesis was maintained in cells incubated with lower concentrations of @entity13357 (5 and 10 ppm) but was decreased (P < 0.02) at the higher concentration. Incubation with 20 ppm @entity13357 for 3 h did not affect the specific activity of @entity2453 reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity165 synthesis. Both cis-9,trans-11/trans-9,cis-11, and cis-10,trans-12/trans-10,cis-12 isomers of @entity13357 were incorporated to a similar level into hepatocytes. Levels ranged from 3.9 to 4.1%, respectively, of total @entity1718 in neutral lipids, and from 0.7 to 0.8%, respectively, of total @entity1718 in phospholipids. Cellular lipid peroxidation remained unchanged in the presence of @entity13357 (5-20 ppm), despite significant inhibition (P < 0.05) of @entity224 dismutase. @entity12609 activity was maintained near control levels in the presence of 5 and 10 ppm @entity13357 but was significantly decreased in the presence of 20 ppm @entity13357 . @entity2041 peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in the presence of 10 ppm @entity13357 . The apparent sensitivity of the antioxidant enzyme defense system of liver cells to @entity13357 , coupled with the lack of effect of @entity13357 on lipid peroxidation in cells, suggests that cytotoxic effects of @entity13357 as described by LDH leakage and decreased gluconeogenesis were not mediated by a prooxidant action in hepatocytes.

title: The effect of conjugated XXXX on the antioxidant enzyme defense system in @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: @entity8016 and @entity9111 ( @entity9111 ) continue to be a major @entity66 in developing countries where unhygienic environmental conditions prevail. Between January 1975 and December 1984 there were 60 @entity1 and from January 1985 to December 1994 there were 44 @entity1 with @entity9111 who were diagnosed and treated. In the first group, all @entity1 were operated on, and drainage was performed. The morbidity and mortality rates were 53.3% and 23.3%, respectively. @entity868 was given to all @entity1 in the second group, and in those who did not respond to the @entity868 percutaneous needle aspiration was applied. Surgical treatment was performed in seven @entity1 because four did not respond to @entity868 therapy and percutaneous needle aspiration, and in three the @entity397 into the peritoneal cavity. The @entity75 disappeared ultrasonographically after 4 months in all @entity1 . The morbidity and mortality rates were 4.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The result of this study suggests that uncomplicated @entity9111 can be managed conservatively with @entity868 and needle aspiration of the abscess. Operative therapy should be performed for complications of the abscess and when conservative therapy fails.

title: XXXX : changing trends over 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole', 'Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amebic liver abscess', 'ALA']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['abscess ruptured']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['Amebiasis']

answer: @entity9111 :: (MESH:D008101,Disease) :: ['Amebic liver abscess']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">A myoepithelial ha @entity4607 mon submucosal tumor @entity5 In an a @entity1819 presentation in our case, it mimicked the clinical presentation of a gastrointestinal @entity674 our knowledge, it is the first case of a hamartoma of the @entity4607 angladesh and one of few cases described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 35-year-old Bengali man with recurre @entity1 epigastric pain @entity158 ic findings of a gut mass. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a healed duodenal ulcer, deformed 'D' bulb and a submucosal swell @entity4 Ultrasonography and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a well-defined, oval gut mass in his upper abdomen, compressing his duodenum. The mass had a mixed density and was considered to probably be a gastrointestinal @entity674 y-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive. After resection at laparotomy, a histopathological examination revealed a myoepithelial @entity4607 re chara @entity5 ed by hypertrophic smo @entity1184 ands sur @entity121 ied epithelial elements, which may be arranged in diverse patterns such as simple glandular structure, Brunner's gland, pancreatic ducts and sometimes pancreatic acini. This case report is complemented by a literature review relating to the atypical presentation. CONCLUSION: Gut masses need to be investigated thoroughly and the possibility of rare tumors should no @entity5 xcluded. Although the recommended treatment for such lesions is limited resection, radical procedures such as a pancreaticoduodenectomy are often performed when the lesion occurs in the periampullary area because of preoperative misdiagnosis as a carcinoma. There @entity189 is essential for clinicians to maintain current knowledge of the lesion to avoid inaccurate diagnosis and prevent unnecessary surgery.

title: Atypical presentation of @entity4607 in the antrum of the XXXX , mimicking a @entity674 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal swelling']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain and occasional vomiting']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle bands']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial hamartoma', 'a myoepithelial hamartoma', 'hamartoma of the stomach']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['stomach']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low dose hyperradiosensitivity (HRS) has been observed in HGL21- and T98G @entity1 @entity463 cells in vitro. The present study investigates whether these effects translate into improved outcome of ultrafractionated irradiation (UF) in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: T98G or HGL21 were transplanted on the hind leg of @entity19 . @entity5 were irradiated with UF (3 fractions of 0.4 Gy per day, interval 4 h, 7 days per week) or with @entity7617 ( @entity1577 ; 1 fraction of 1.68 Gy per day, 5 days per week) over 2 or 4 weeks in HGL21 and 2,4 or 6 weeks in T98G. In HGL21, graded top-up doses under clamped @entity519 were applied after 4 weeks of fractionated irradiation. Additional groups of animals were irradiated with single doses under clamp @entity519 conditions with or without whole body irradiation (WBI) before @entity5 transplantation. Experimental endpoints were growth delay (time to 5-fold starting volume, GD(V5)) and @entity5 control. RESULTS: In T98G @entity5 median relative GD(V5) was 1.2 [95% C.I. 0.96; 8] in the @entity1577 and 0.8 [0.7; 1.02] in the UF arm (p = 0.009) indicating that ultrafractionation is less efficient than @entity7617 . The TCD50 value of 33.5 Gy [22; 45] after UF was higher than TCD50 of 23.6 Gy [16; 31] after @entity1577 (p = 0.15). In HGL21 the median relative GD(V5) was not significantly different between @entity1577 and UF. The top-up TCD50 value of 16.1 Gy [95% C.I. 9; 23 Gy] after @entity1577 was significantly lower than the corresponding value of 33.2 Gy [23; 44] after UF irradiation (p = 0.007), indicating a higher efficacy of @entity1577 compared to UF. CONCLUSION: The results on @entity1 T98G and HGL21 @entity463 do not support the hypothesis that HRS in vitro translates into improved outcome of ultrafractionated irradiation in vivo.

title: Low-dose hyperradiosensitivity of @entity1 XXXX cell lines in vitro does not translate into improved outcome of ultrafractionated radiotherapy in vivo.

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional fractionation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'local tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: We developed a @entity840 model of late asthmatic reactions (LAR) induced by @entity26678 ( @entity10345 ), and investigated airway inflammatory cell dynamics during LAR by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in this model. The @entity840 were sensitized by nasal application of 10% @entity10345 solution once daily for 7 consecutive days. Thereafter, the animals were challenged with 5% @entity10345 solution, in the same manner, on every 7th day for 4 to 11 times. Each @entity840 was pretreated with @entity4235 before challenge. BAL was performed at each time point after the final challenge. The immediate asthmatic reaction and the LAR induced in the challenges were found to be 66% and 55%, respectively. A significant BAL fluid @entity1712 was observed in the @entity840 during and after LAR (i.e., 3, 6, 24 and 168 hours after challenge), in comparison to the animals without LAR and to the control animals only exposed to @entity1046 , a solvent for @entity10345 . The number of eosinophils peaked at 6 hours after challenge. However, no significant changes were observed in the numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes or neutrophils in BAL fluid during LAR. We conclude that eosinophils play an important role in LAR in this model. This model seems to be useful in investigating the pathophysiology of @entity10345 -induced @entity565 .

title: [Airway inflammatory cell dynamics during late asthmatic reactions induced by XXXX in @entity840 . I. Bronchoalveolar lavage study].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity26678 :: ('MESH:D014051', 'Chemical') :: ['toluene diisocyanate']

answer: @entity26678 :: (MESH:D014051,Chemical) :: ['toluene diisocyanate']


abstract: @entity8 is related to long-term mortality and @entity583 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We aimed to investigate the association between preoperative @entity8 and early risk of @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity712 after CABG. From the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in @entity299 Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, we included all 36,284 @entity1 who underwent primary isolated CABG from 2000 to 2008 in Sweden. The Swedish National Inpatient Registry was used to obtain the primary end point, which was rehospitalization for @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity712  <=90 days after CABG. @entity2357 models were used to estimate the risk for the primary outcome and the secondary outcome of @entity204 from any cause, while adjusting for confounders. During 90 days of follow-up, there were 2,462 cardiovascular events and 617 deaths. In total, 17% of @entity1 developed @entity810 postoperatively. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for cardiovascular events after adjustment for age, gender, @entity955 , left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity6 , @entity1095 , and history of @entity583 , @entity712 , or @entity64 was 1.24 (1.06 to 1.45) in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 45 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) but became nonsignificant after @entity810 was introduced into the statistical model. The risk of @entity204 was significantly increased in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 45 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 2.25) even after adjustment for all confounders. @entity8 was associated with all-cause mortality but not with cardiovascular events during the first 3 postoperative months after primary isolated CABG.

title: Relation between preoperative XXXX and cardiovascular events ( @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity712 or @entity204 ) within three months of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: CONTEXT: The @entity49579 mutation in the @entity2204 gene has been associated with @entity407 . OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine the frequency of @entity49579 mutation in @entity2204 gene in subjects with @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in whom @entity754 , @entity755 , and @entity756 mutations had been excluded and to identify the mechanisms by which this mutant apo E causes @entity1007 . DESIGN: The @entity2204 gene was analyzed in a case-control study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a University Hospital Lipid Clinic. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Two groups ( @entity74 , 288 @entity1 ; control, 220 normolipidemic subjects) were included. INTERVENTION: We performed sequencing of @entity2204 gene and proteomic and cellular experiments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: To determine the frequency of the @entity49579 mutation and the mechanism by which it causes @entity1007 . RESULTS: In the @entity74 group, nine subjects (3.1%) were carriers of the @entity2204 @entity49580 , @entity49579 mutation, cosegregating with @entity1007 in studied families. Proteomic quantification of wild-type and mutant apo E in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) from carrier subjects revealed that apo E3 is almost a 5-fold increase compared to mutant apo E. Cultured cell studies revealed that VLDL from mutation carriers had a significantly higher uptake by HepG2 and THP-1 cells compared to VLDL from subjects with E3/E3 or E2/E2 genotypes. Transcriptional down-regulation of @entity754 was also confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity49579 mutation in @entity2204 gene is the cause of @entity1007 in the 3.1% of our @entity74 subjects without @entity754 , @entity755 , and @entity756 mutations. The mechanism by which this mutation is associated to @entity74 is that VLDL carrying the mutant apo E produces @entity754 down-regulation, thereby raising plasma low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels.

title: The p.Leu167del Mutation in @entity2204 Gene Causes Autosomal Dominant XXXX by Down-regulation of @entity754 Expression in Hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia', 'ADH']

entities_list: @entity49579 :: ('p|DEL|167|', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Leu167del']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated @entity1961 (+) Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10-kDa protein promoter was used to express @entity1312 selectively in the lung, and the phenotype of the resulting @entity19 was characterized. In contrast to transgene-negative littermates, the lungs of transgene-positive @entity19 contained an inflammatory response around small and large airways and in the surrounding parenchyma. It was mononuclear in nature and contained significant numbers of eosinophils and enlarged and occasionally multinucleated macrophages. Airway epithelial cell @entity1184 , mucus cell metaplasia, the hyperproduction of neutral and acidic mucus, the deposition of @entity4532 , and subepithelial airway @entity82 were also prominently noted. @entity639 protein and mRNA were also present in large quantities in the lungs of the transgene-positive, but not the transgene-negative, @entity19 . @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity26450 were not similarly detected. Physiological evaluations revealed significant increases in baseline airways resistance and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to @entity2710 in transgene-positive animals. Thus, the targeted pulmonary expression of @entity1312 causes a mononuclear and eosinophilic inflammatory response, mucus cell metaplasia, the deposition of @entity4532 , airway @entity82 , @entity639 production, airways obstruction, and nonspecific AHR. @entity1312 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of similar responses in @entity565 or other Th2-polarized tissue responses.

title: Pulmonary expression of @entity1312 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial @entity82 , physiologic abnormalities, and XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4532 :: ('MESH:C537431', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Leyden-like crystals']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity26450 :: ('20293(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5']

answer: @entity639 :: (20292(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['eotaxin']


abstract: Increased glutamatergic input, particularly @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) activity, in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is closely associated with high sympathetic outflow in essential @entity101 . The molecular mechanisms underlying augmented NMDAR activity in @entity101 are unclear. GluN2 subunit composition at the synaptic site critically determines NMDAR functional properties. Here, we found that evoked NMDAR-excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of retrogradely labeled spinally projecting PVN neurons displayed a larger amplitude and shorter decay time in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) than in @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . Blocking @entity4319 caused a smaller decrease in NMDAR-EPSCs of PVN neurons in SHRs than in WKY @entity35 . In contrast, @entity4476 blockade resulted in a larger reduction in evoked NMDAR-EPSCs and puff @entity143 -elicited currents of PVN neurons in SHRs than in WKY @entity35 . Blocking presynaptic @entity4476 , but not @entity4319 , significantly reduced the frequency of miniature EPSCs and the firing activity of PVN neurons in SHRs. The mRNA and total protein levels of @entity4476 and @entity4319 in the PVN were greater in SHRs than in WKY @entity35 . Furthermore, the @entity4319 Ser(1480) phosphorylation level and the synaptosomal @entity4476 protein level in the PVN were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY @entity35 . Inhibition of protein kinase @entity26369 normalized the @entity4319 Ser(1480) phosphorylation level and the contribution of @entity4476 to NMDAR-EPSCs and miniature EPSCs of PVN neurons in SHRs. Collectively, our findings suggest that @entity26369 -mediated @entity4319 phosphorylation contributes to increased synaptic @entity4476 , which potentiates pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity and the excitability of PVN presympathetic neurons in @entity101 .

title: Casein kinase 2-mediated synaptic XXXX up-regulation increases @entity1024 receptor activity and excitability of hypothalamic neurons in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity4476 :: (24409(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GluN2A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The laparoscopic management of @entity4134 is still controversial. The main problems are preoperative diagnosis, operative technique and the possibility of compromising the prognosis by spillage of @entity5 cells when operating on a hitherto unrecognized early stage @entity43 . We report on our experience with minimal invasive surgery of @entity4134 . METHOD: From June 1989 to July 1992, 375 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity5 at the University Hospital, Zurich. In 112 cases a laparoscopic operation was performed. The indications were unilateral or bilateral masses in the adnexal region with or without clinical symptoms. The preoperative workup included @entity1 's history, clinical examinations, vaginal sonography and intraoperative evaluation of the @entity5 . RESULTS: In 72% (83) of cases the organs were preserved by the laparoscopic procedure while in 28% (32) salpingo-oophorectomy, ovariectomy or salpingectomy was performed. The histopathologic findings included @entity9296 , @entity23897 , @entity44 , simple and functional cysts, mesothelium cysts, @entity43 , @entity46 , and torqued tubes and/or ovaries. In no @entity1 was a malignant process found. Only one postoperative complication was noted in a @entity1 who had to be relaparoscoped due to adhesions to the operated ovary. One recurrence occurred in a hydrosalpinx. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4134 may safely be managed laparoscopically, with all the advantages of minimal invasive surgery, provided that strict diagnostic and therapeutic rules are observed.

title: [Surgical laparoscopy in XXXX of the adnexa].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'tubo-ovarian abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adnexal tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses', 'Adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity23897 :: ('MESH:D062625', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenofibromas']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['benign cystic teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of vegetable preference and leisure-time physical activity ( @entity4991 ) on @entity5 have been inconsistent. We examined the effects of dietary preference and physical activity, as well as their combined effect on @entity5 risk. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 444,963 @entity1 , older than 40 years, who participated in a national health examination program begun in 1996. Based on the answer to the question "What kind of dietary preference do you have?" we categorized dietary preference as (1) vegetables, (2) mixture of vegetables and meat, and (3) meats. We categorized @entity4991 as low (< 4 times/wk, < 30 min/session), moderate (2-4 times/wk, > or = 30 min/session or > or = 5 times/wk, < 30 min/session), or high (> or = 5 times/wk, > or = 30 min/session). We obtained @entity5 incidence data for 1996 through 2002 from the Korean Central Cancer Registry. We used a standard Poisson regression model with a log link function and @entity1 -time offset to estimate incidence and relative risk.. RESULTS: During the 6-year follow-up period, we identified 14,109 @entity5 cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that a preference for vegetables or a mixture of vegetables and meat as opposed to a preference for meat played a significant protective role against @entity2 incidence (aRR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.98). Compared with the low @entity4991 group, subjects with moderate-high @entity4991 had a significantly lower risk for stomach (aRR, 0.91; 95%CI, 0.86-0.98), lung (aRR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.92), and liver (aRR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.81-0.95) @entity5 . Among current smokers, the combined moderate-high @entity4991 and vegetable or mixture of vegetables and meat preference group showed a 40% reduced risk of @entity2 (aRR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.47-0.76) compared with the combined low @entity4991 and meat preference group. Among never/former smokers, subjects with moderate-high @entity4991 and a preference for vegetables or a mixture of vegetables and meat showed reduced @entity5 risk (aRR, 0.72; 95%CI, 0.54-0.95). CONCLUSION: Our findings add to the evidence of the beneficial effects of vegetable preference on @entity2 risk and of physical activity on lung, stomach, and @entity96 risk. Additionally, vegetable preference combined with @entity4991 might significantly reduce lung and @entity5 risk.

title: Dietary preference, physical activity, and XXXX risk in @entity1 : national health insurance corporation study.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity583 results in @entity393 , scar formation, @entity5707 , and eventually @entity712 . In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a potential new strategy for @entity1 with @entity299 . This includes embryonic and bone marrow derived stem cells. Recent clinical studies showed ostensibly conflicting results of intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow derived stem cells in @entity1 with acute or chronic @entity583 . Anyway, these results have stimulated additional clinical and pre-clinical studies to further enhance the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy. Recently, the existence of cardiac stem cells that reside in the heart itself was demonstrated. Their discovery has sparked intense hope for myocardial regeneration with cells that are obtained from the heart itself and are thereby inherently programmed to reconstitute cardiac tissue. These cells can be detected by several surface markers (e.g. @entity2467 , @entity29467 , @entity1262 , @entity15866 ). Both in vitro and in vivo differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated, and animal studies showed promising results on improvement of left ventricular function. This review will discuss current views regarding the feasibility of cardiac repair, and focus on the potential role of the resident cardiac stem and progenitor cells. (Neth Heart J 2009;17:199-207.).

title: Cell therapy for XXXX : focus on the role of resident cardiac stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of cardiomyocytes']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: Growth of normal and malignant @entity19 mammary epithelial cells (MMEC) on a biomatrix of substrate-attached material from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was evaluated to devise culture conditions that are suitable for transformation studies but do not involve embedding cells in a gel. The biomatrix was prepared as described by Levine and Stockdale, and serum-free medium contained bovine serum albumin, insulin, @entity1420 , prolactin, and @entity4722 . Each cell type produced a distinctive pattern of colony architecture in this culture system. Cells from virgin @entity19 (vMMEC) usually formed elaborate, three-dimensional structures resembling ducts and alveoli; cells from pregnant @entity19 (pMMEC) grew as flat monolayers; and @entity5 cells grew in multilayered clusters. Cell growth was monitored by an assay for @entity4588 dehydrogenase. Similar growth rates were found through Day 8 in cultures of vMMEC and D2 @entity189 cells. Growth of vMMEC slowed thereafter, whereas @entity5 cells typically continued growing through Day 14 to 18. Increase in cell number during 18 days in culture was 3-, 7-, 9-, and 11-fold for cells from pregnant and virgin @entity19 , BALB/cfC3H and D2 @entity189 , respectively. The percent cells in S phase on Day 2 of culture was 9% for pMMEC, 4 to 11% for BALB/cfC3H @entity5 cells, 20% for vMMEC, and 24% for D2 @entity5 cells. Thus, this culture system promotes extended growth of MMEC and offers several advantages over embedding cells in a collagen gel. It may therefore be applicable to in vitro transformation studies with MMEC.

title: Comparative growth of normal and malignant XXXX mammary epithelium cultured serum-free on a biomatrix from preadipocytes.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18343 ( @entity18343 ) is a powerful method for the study of in situ protein function in cellular processes. By using @entity18343 , it is possible to abrogate the function of a target protein with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, @entity18343 has some limitations, which restrict wider biological application, owing mainly to the use of antibody for target recognition. To circumvent the limitations, we have developed small molecule-based @entity18343 (smCALI). RESULTS: The @entity671 receptor ( @entity9197 ) was selected as the target protein and a malachite green-conjugated IP3 analog, MGIP3, was used as a small-molecular probe. We examined the effect of MGIP3-based @entity18343 on @entity141 release via @entity9197 using permeabilized smooth muscle cells. When the cells were treated with MGIP3 followed by laser irradiation, the IP3-induced @entity141 release rate was decreased in a concentration- and irradiation time-dependent manner. The effect was specific for @entity9197 , because the @entity141 uptake function of the co-localized sarco/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9197 was specifically inactivated by smCALI using MGIP3. The efficiency of inactivation was calculated to be substantially greater than that of antibody-based @entity18343 . The efficient and specific inactivation of @entity9197 would allow us to obtain an insight into spatiotemporal roles of @entity9197 in various cell functions. Our results may be considered to be a first step for a wider application of smCALI as a useful method to study spatiotemporal protein functions.

title: Small molecule-based laser inactivation of XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity18343 :: ('MESH:C572568', 'Disease') :: ['Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation', 'CALI']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: Thyroid hormone is essential for the normal maturation and function of the @entity1 CNS. @entity1374 during a critical period of development profoundly affects cognitive functions such as learning and memory. However, the possible electrophysiological alterations that could underlie these @entity4207 in @entity1375 animals remain largely unexplored. In this work, we have studied the possible effect of thyroid hormone on short-term synaptic plasticity, which is hypothesized to be a neural substrate of short-term memory. We compared short-term modification of the excitatory postsynaptic potential in hippocampal slices between control and @entity1375 @entity35 . Electrophysiological studies reveal that paired-pulse facilitation is strongly altered in the @entity1375 @entity35 . In addition, @entity1375 @entity35 exhibit an increase in the @entity141 -dependent neurotransmitter release. These alterations are basically reversible when thyroid hormone is administered. In order to examine the possible molecular mechanisms underlying these synaptic changes, we compared the expression of @entity12148 , @entity12149 , syntaxin, and alpha- @entity141 /calmodulin kinase II between control and @entity1375 hippocampus. Our results show that the levels of @entity12148 and @entity12149 are increased in the @entity1375 @entity35 , which suggests that the genes encoding these proteins are implicated in the action of thyroid hormone on neurotransmitter release. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that thyroid hormone may modulate the probability of neurotransmitter release.

title: Thyroid hormone regulates neurotransmitter release in neonatal XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective and safe remission induction treatment for @entity30 in adults. Its influence on adults' health-related quality of life remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of EEN on health-related quality of life in adults with active @entity30 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 recruited were treated with a polymeric enteral feed that was taken orally in the daytime and via a self-intubated nasogastric tube at night for 4 weeks. Prospective evaluation of disease activity ( @entity30 Activity Index, @entity4844 ) and health-related quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ) were performed at enrollment and after 4 weeks of treatment. @entity1 ' feelings about EEN were also investigated through 2 questions. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were treated with 4-week EEN. They had a significant improvement in total IBDQ score (P < .001) and all IBDQ dimensions: bowel symptoms (P < .001), systemic symptoms (P < .001), social function (P = .003), and emotional status (P < .001), with 11 @entity1 (84.6%) achieving clinical remission after treatment. In addition, 8 @entity1 (61.5%) expressed their willingness to receive this 4-week EEN treatment again to induce remission if the disease relapsed. The IBDQ correlated significantly with the @entity4844 at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-week treatment of EEN improves health-related quality of life significantly in adults with active @entity30 and was acceptable by most @entity1 .

title: Effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on health-related quality of life for adults with active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We perform partial sphincterectomy during @entity231 surgery in cases with very small pupil (< 3 mm). We assume that the small pupil is mainly due to a @entity82 ring of the sphincter muscle. @entity1 : In 35 @entity1 we performed the complete ophthalmological routine checkup. The pupil diameter was analysed by perimeter: a base value, with light, and in pharmaceutical @entity5564 . Moreover 15 preparations were analysed histologically. RESULTS: Average pupil diameter was: base value 3.76 mm, with light 3.24 mm, in pharmaceutical @entity5564 4.84 mm. The showed pathohistological examination that in all excisions a part of the sphincter muscle was verifiable. We found @entity82 of different grades in various locations. CONCLUSION: In most cases functional pupil movement can be verified after operation. In an intended partial sphincterectomy part of the sphincter muscle can be excised. The different pupil diameter is due to the different degree of @entity82 of the sphincter muscle.

title: [Partial sphincterectomy in XXXX surgery. Clinical and patho-histologic results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) a recent, oral, second generation alkylating agent is a chemotherapeutic with demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of high-grade @entity11 . The efficacy of @entity2904 has been demonstrated in both pre-clinical and phase I and II studies. The goal of this study is to determine the activity and safety of @entity2903 in improving overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and health-related quality of life (HQL) in @entity1 with @entity11 treated by surgery, radiotherapy and @entity2903 . Twelve @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ), and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) were studied. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. The overall response rate for all histological groups was 33% (4 @entity1 ), 6 @entity1 (50%) showed a stabilization of disease. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was respectively 8.35 and 14.1 months; time to progression was 36 week ranging from 20 to 46 In all @entity1 , treatment with @entity2903 was associated with improvement of performance status including the @entity1 showing disease progression; Karnofski score improved in all @entity1 by a minimum of 10, with a median of 20 at 6 months. No @entity1 stopped the treatment due to side-effects, no major adverse events were recorded. In two cases of @entity463 , we observed complete response and after three years, the quality of life is optimal. Surgery allows to establish a histopathological diagnosis, to improve signs and symptoms which are attributable to intracranial @entity101 or @entity5 topography, and to reduce the number of target cells for adjunctive therapies. Radiotherapy improves survival and @entity2904 chemotherapy that is given after radiotherapy adds survival benefit for @entity1 . Because of its favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and improved tolerability. @entity2903 appears to be an ideal, first-line, single-agent, with a safe profile and demonstrated HQL benefits in @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 .

title: Surgery, radiotherapy and @entity2903 in treating high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 , who developed symptomatic @entity2553 due to @entity510 , were treated by hypervolemic-hyperdynamic therapy. The object of this treatment was to increase cardiac output and cerebral blood flow as a result of hypervolemia and the administration of beta-stimulants. During the treatment, if @entity385 occurred followed by @entity2657 , we applied oncotic therapy. As the parameters of therapy, we measured serum colloid oncotic pressure and cardiac functions in all of these @entity1 . Nineteen @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A, 9 @entity1 , who did not develop @entity2657 , and group B, 10 @entity1 , who developed @entity2657 . All @entity1 underwent acute neck clipping surgery and plasma volume expansion by the infusion of albumin and/or low molecular weight dextran (LMWD). If symptomatic @entity2553 occurred, a Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted and cardiac output was measured until it increased to 1.5 times the value of pretreatment. In group B, we also used oncotic therapy, raising serum oncotic pressure higher than 25 mmHg by increasing the amount of albumin and/or LMWD and administering @entity1483 . By this treatment, the percentage of @entity1 who showed neurological improvement in at least one deficit was 100% in group A, and 89% in group B. In Glasgow outcome scale scores, 89% of group A and 70% of group B had disability not lower than moderate. Serum colloid oncotic pressure was maintained at around 20-25mmHg in group A, and 25-30mmHg in group B. Although pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in group B tended to be lower than that in group A, cardiac indices in both groups were high, approximately 5.0 L/min/m2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Measurement of serum colloid oncotic pressure as a parameter of hemodilution and hemoconcentration in hypervolemic-hyperdynamic therapy for symptomatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: Resting heart rate is an easily measured, noninvasive vital sign that is associated with @entity65 events. The pathophysiology of this association is not known. We investigated the relationship between resting heart rate and stiffness of the carotid (a peripheral artery) and the aorta (a central artery) in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population. Resting heart rate was recorded at baseline in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA). Distensibility was used as a measure of arterial elasticity, with a lower distensibility indicating an increase in arterial stiffness. Carotid distensibility was measured in 6484 @entity1 (98% of @entity1 ) using B-mode ultrasound, and aortic distensibility was measured in 3512 @entity1 (53% of @entity1 ) using cardiac MRI. Heart rate was divided into quintiles and we used progressively adjusted models that included terms for physical activity and atrioventricular nodal blocking agents. Mean resting heart rate of @entity1 (mean age, 62 years; 47% @entity1 ) was 63 bpm (SD, 9.6 bpm). In unadjusted and fully adjusted models, carotid distensibility and aortic distensibility decreased monotonically with increasing resting heart rate (P for trend <0.001 and 0.009, respectively). The relationship was stronger for carotid versus aortic distensibility. Similar results were seen using the resting heart rate taken at the time of MRI scanning. Our results suggest that a higher resting heart rate is associated with an increased arterial stiffness independent of atrioventricular nodal blocker use and physical activity level, with a stronger association for a peripheral (carotid) compared with a central (aorta) artery.

title: Association of resting heart rate with carotid and aortic arterial stiffness: multi-ethnic study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: AIM: It is difficult to induce ovulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) resistant to @entity4082 (CC) because of the narrow safety margin of @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin preparations. In the present study, @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity3610 according to the Japanese diagnostic criteria were divided into two groups (Groups H and N). @entity251 level was used as a cut-off value between Groups H and N to examine the usefulness of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) to induce ovulation. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity3610 resistant to CC who underwent @entity43 were evaluated. The @entity1 were divided into a high and a normal @entity342 group (Groups H and N with 19 and 13 @entity1 , respectively) based on the level of @entity251 measured 1 week before surgery using a cut-off value of 50 ng/dL. @entity43 was performed with microlaparoscopy under intravenous anesthesia. RESULTS: After @entity43 , spontaneous ovulation occurred in 16 (84.2%) and nine (69.2%) @entity1 in Groups H and N, respectively. Additional treatment with CC was given to 12 (63.2%) and 11 (84.6%) @entity1 , respectively. No significant difference was noted with regard to the spontaneous ovulation rate after @entity43 . Eighteen pregnancies were established in 17 @entity1 (53.1%). The pregnancy rate after @entity43 was not significantly different between Groups H and N: 42.1% (8 @entity1 ) and 76.9% (10 @entity1 ), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3610 as diagnosed based on the Japanese diagnostic criteria include those with increased and normal @entity342 levels. @entity43 is considered an effective ovulation induction method for both types of @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Efficacy of @entity43 for XXXX resistant to @entity4082 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ovarian drilling', 'LOD']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of intraoperative lymphatic mapping in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity12670 was injected intradermally at the junction of @entity5 and normal skin in nine @entity1 . We then attempted to identify the dye in the superficial lymphatic channels and in a superficial groin lymph node. RESULTS: The sentinel node was identified in seven of 12 groins in seven of the nine subjects studied. Six of the successful cases had unilateral lesions. The cases in which a sentinel node was not identified were both @entity1 with @entity601 , including one whose scar was injected following a prior wide local excision of a perineal @entity5 and one who appeared to have direct drainage to the deep pelvic nodes. There were no technique-related complications. In no case was there a positive non-sentinel node in the presence of a negative sentinel node. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping is technically feasible in @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly those with unilateral disease. Further experience is needed to evaluate the reliability of the technique in identification of groin node @entity3 .

title: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosulfan blue']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation of @entity1 with @entity706 of the major salivary glands. In a retrospective study, 26 @entity1 with a @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) of the major salivary glands were examined. The results showed a distinct preference for the female gender. Two groups with clinical differences were observed depending on @entity706 manifestation as either extranodal-parenchymal (extranodal) or with intra- or periglandular (nodal) @entity1600 . Differences between these two groups existed with regard to the length of clinical history, recurrent vs continuously progressing symptoms and presentation on ultrasound examination (multiple masses compared to solitary masses). @entity1 with an @entity706 always showed disease limited to the affected gland, whereas those @entity1 with a @entity706 presented with stage II or higher (Ann Arbor Classification). In these @entity1 , local recurrence was also five times higher (5/13; 38.4%) than in @entity1 with an @entity706 (1/13; 7.7%). In 1 @entity1 (7.7%) with @entity706 , dissemination was observed, compared to 6/13 @entity1 (46.2%) in the group with @entity66 . Seven out of 13 @entity1 (53.8%) with @entity66 died due to @entity706 spread and 1/13 (7.7%) of the @entity1 with @entity66 . There seem to be distinct clinical differences in the course of @entity1 with @entity1893 of the major salivary glands, depending on extranodal or @entity66 presentation. The histopathological diagnosis, with special recognition of the @entity706 pathogenesis, constitutes an important prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: The clinical presentation of XXXX of the major salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'nodal lymphoma', 'particular lymphoma', 'extranodal lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-hodgkin lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiographic damage was recently identified as a feature of poor prognosis in @entity4652 idiopathic @entity625 (pJIA). However, most radiographic studies did not differentiate pJIA from other subtypes of JIA and little is known about pJIA persisting into adulthood. We describe radiological peripheral involvement in young adults with pJIA compared to @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with pJIA followed in a transition program were included. Age, sex, disease duration, and medical or surgical treatment information was collected. Laboratory tests and standard radiographs of the hands and wrists, feet, and hips were analyzed by 2 independent radiologists blinded to the diagnosis. One @entity309 control group (age < 55 yrs), matched for sex and disease duration, was recruited. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 with pJIA and 59 with @entity309 were included. Radiographs showed hand lesions in 79% of pJIA and 86% of @entity1 with @entity309 , feet lesions in 74% of pJIA and 80% of @entity1 with @entity309 , and @entity16 in 35% of pJIA and 17% of @entity1 with @entity309 (p = nonsignificant). Specific to the juvenile forms were lower frequency of proximal interphalangeal joint involvement (51% vs 76%; p = 0.03) and higher risk of bilateral @entity16 (86% vs 25%; p < 0.01) than in adult @entity309 . CONCLUSION: Structural peripheral damage is as common and as severe in young adults with pJIA as in adults with @entity309 . The main specific feature of pJIA seems to be a high risk of bilateral @entity16 . This requires a particular monitoring of pJIA @entity1 with unilateral hip involvement to detect bilateralization.

title: Radiological peripheral involvement in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity4652 idiopathic XXXX at adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular juvenile']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hip damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess how the recurrence score of the Oncotype DX @entity0 assay influences adjuvant systemic treatment decisions in the multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) for @entity1 with early @entity0 (EBC) in Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : A before-and-after study at three academic medical centres in Melbourne with @entity1 and physicians serving as their own controls. Paired systemic adjuvant treatment recommendations were made in multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) before and after Oncotype DX testing. Medical oncologists and surgeons, treating @entity1 with unifocal, hormone receptor-positive, @entity1 @entity1722 -negative, node-negative or node-positive early @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in physician treatment recommendations. RESULTS: This study enrolled 151 eligible @entity1 between 1 November 2010 and 30 September 2011. Of these, 101 @entity1 (67%) had node-negative and 50 (33%) had node-positive @entity5 . Recurrence score information resulted in treatment recommendation changes for 24 @entity1 with node-negative @entity5 (24%) and for 13 @entity1 with node-positive @entity5 (26%). The proportional change from @entity34 ( @entity34 ) to @entity34 ( @entity34 ) was significantly greater than from @entity34 to @entity34 for @entity1 with node-negative @entity5 (23% difference in proportions; P= 0.02), and of similar magnitude for @entity1 with node-positive @entity5 (25% difference in proportions; P = 0.14). CONCLUSION: The Oncotype DX recurrence score has a major impact on adjuvant treatment decision making in the MDM setting.

title: The impact of a genomic assay (Oncotype DX) on adjuvant treatment recommendations in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'hormonal therapy', 'chemo-hormonal therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community care workers' experience of delivering support to @entity1 with @entity303 is less researched than that of residential workers. The purpose of the study is to explore community-based @entity303 care workers' perspectives about their roles and the contextual variables that impact upon their work experiences. METHOD: A qualitative design was employed. Twenty-five @entity303 care workers (average age 53 years, majority female and employed casually) participated in standardized semi-structured interviews about their job roles, training, employer agenda, organizational support, and intention to stay. A deductive approach to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was adopted to identify key themes. RESULTS: Three themes highlighted workers' experiences. Occupational communion described strong attachment to clients and a desire for greater connection with colleagues. Job demands described the challenges of work, which varied with intensity. Job resources ranged from positive (strong organizational commitment) to negative (poor pay and conditions). Occupational communion was identified as a concept that exists at the interface between social and organization psychology that was perceived to be essential for adaptive coping. Identifying themes informed a conceptual model for designing intervention components aimed at improving workers' skills, capabilities, and employer supportive functions. CONCLUSION: Occupational communion may be particularly relevant for @entity1 's caring careers and future research is needed to explore the relevance of this concept for @entity1 . To determine reliable change associated with interventions that target occupational communion, further investigation is required in relation to measurement approaches.

title: Perspectives of the community-based @entity303 care workforce: "occupational communion" a key finding from the Work 4 XXXX Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['community dementia', 'dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1 and physician preferences in regard to 5 @entity14 screening alternatives endorsed by a 1997 expert panel, determine the impact of @entity1 and physician values regarding certain test features on screening preference, and assess physicians' perceptions of @entity1 ' values. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A general internal medicine practice at an academic medical center in 1998. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=217; 76% response rate) and physicians (N=39; 87% response rate) at the study setting. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 preferred fecal occult blood testing (43%) or colonoscopy (40%). In @entity1 for whom accuracy was the most important test feature, colonoscopy (62%) was the preferred screening method. @entity1 for whom invasive test features were more important preferred fecal occult blood testing (76%; P <.001). @entity1 and physicians were similar in their values regarding the various test features. However, there was a significant difference between physicians' perceptions of which test features were important to @entity1 compared with the @entity1 ' actual responses (P <.001). The largest discrepancy was for accuracy ( @entity1 actual 54% vs physician opinion 15%) and discomfort ( @entity1 actual 15% vs physician opinion 64%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 have distinct preferences for @entity14 screening tests that are associated with the importance placed on certain test features. Physicians incorrectly perceive those factors that are important to @entity1 . Physicians should incorporate @entity1 values in regard to certain test features when discussing @entity14 screening with their @entity1 and when eliciting their screening preferences.

title: Attitudes toward XXXX screening tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']