abstract: Missouri-96 and Kentucky-31 hays were chopped with a tub grinder containing screens with apertures of 31, 63, or 100 mm in diameter and fed to dairy @entity291 or heifers. Particle sizes (geometric mean diameter) were 1218, 1486, and 1933 micron, respectively, for the 31, 63, and 100-mm treatments. In Trial 1, the six treatments were fed ad libitum to 24 lactating @entity291 ; concentrate was offered at 1 kg/2 kg of milk. Dry matter intake and NDF digestibility were greater for Kentucky-31, but there were no other effects of variety. Particle size did not affect @entity3918 intake, @entity3918 or fiber digestibility, @entity1568 partition, milk yield, or milk fat percentage. Crude protein digestibility was greatest for the 63-mm particle size treatment. In trial 2, the six treatments were fed ad libitum to 24 dairy heifers. Intake was greater for the 31 than for the 100-mm treatment but was unaffected by variety. Variety and particle size did not affect @entity3918 digestibility, @entity1568 utilization, or daily gain. In this study fescue hay chopped through screens having apertures ranging from 31 to 100 mm was without effect on milk yield or composition. Reducing particle size increased intake and @entity1568 utilization but not @entity3918 or fiber digestibility.

title: Effects of variety and particle size upon utilization of fescue hay by lactating dairy XXXX and dairy heifers.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: We analyzed the lipids in the tissues of a @entity1 with an atypical form of @entity11846 who developed several clinical symptoms not seen in @entity1 with typical @entity11846 ( @entity11846 ). Lipids were extracted from @entity406 -fixed brain, liver and kidney and purified by ion exchange and @entity13918 column chromatographies and further by high-performance liquid chromatography on a @entity13918 column. We performed structural and quantitative analyses of three lipids named lipids X, Y and Z. Lipid X accumulated in the liver but not in the brain. Accumulation of lipids Y and Z was observed in liver and kidney. The content of lipid Y in the @entity1 liver was more than ten times that in a control. The structures of lipids X, Y and Z were confirmed by means of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and component analysis involving gas liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The structures of lipids X, Y and Z were identified as those of @entity2367 , @entity10839 and GM3 @entity4163 , respectively. These results suggest two possibilities. One is that the accumulation of glycolipids such as @entity10839 and GM3 @entity4163 is a secondary event produced by the accumulation of @entity2367 due to @entity11846 . The other is that the accumulation of glycolipids other than @entity2367 is due to a deficiency of sphingolipid activator proteins which may affect the degradation of @entity10839 and GM3 @entity4163 as well as @entity2367 .

title: Tissue accumulation of @entity10839 and GM3 XXXX in a @entity1 with variant @entity11846 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity13918 :: ('MESH:D058428', 'Chemical') :: ['silica gel']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity10839 :: ('CHEBI:18318', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatide']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity11846 :: ('MESH:D055577', 'Disease') :: ['ceramidase deficiency', 'acid ceramidase deficiency', 'Farber disease']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to prepare a novel gastric mucoadhesive sustained-release @entity1033 (AV)-resinate microsphere. METHODS: First, AV absorption ratio was quantified in a @entity35 gastrointestinal (GI) tract model. AV-resinate was prepared by bath method and used as cores to prepare microspheres by an emulsion solvent diffusion technique with @entity16313 934 as coating material. GI transit test of the prepared microspheres was carried out in @entity35 and @entity235 , followed by the in vivo bioavailability evaluation of the microspheres in @entity235 . RESULTS: The AV absorption ratio in different segments of @entity35 's GI track for 3 hours was as following: stomach 9.46 +/- 0.62%, duodenum 20.22 +/- 1.50%, jejunum 15.7 +/- 1.33%, ileum 9.15 +/- 1.01%, and colon 4.59 +/- 0.48%. These results showed that AV was mainly absorbed in the stomach and upper intestine. The average diameter of the microspheres was 115.3 microm. The microspheres had a drug content of 33.3 +/- 0.7% (w/w) and a sustained-release profile for 12 hours in vitro. The mucoadhesive test in @entity35 and @entity235 showed that most of the microspheres were retained in the stomach 6 hours after oral administration. The in vivo pharmacokinetics test revealed that the microsphere and reference (AV tablets) preparations have no significant difference for C(max). The t(max) has increased from 2.33 hours (reference) to 5 hours (test). Meanwhile, the relative bioavailability of AV microspheres was 145%. CONCLUSION: A novel AV-resinate microsphere was prepared. The microspheres were proved to be gastric mucoadhesive and sustained-release with higher bioavailability.

title: Preparation and evaluation of a novel gastric mucoadhesive sustained-release XXXX microsphere.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: In the past 20 years increasing incidence 15/100,000 of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) has been observed. Despite their heterogeneity, intermediate grade @entity1893 are potentially cured with chemotherapy. Advances in our understanding of the biology and in their treatment have been made. Factors, such as age, stage, performance status, and predicting treatment outcome are useful parameters to decide on the intensity of chemotherapy. With conventional treatment, 80% of the @entity1 without adverse prognostic factors can be cured. For @entity1 with at least two adverse factors only 40% are long term survivors. Different dose-escalation chemotherapy regimens have been tested including autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). At the present time, no clear improvement has been seen in randomized trial when intensification is made after obtention of complete remission. However, for relapsing @entity1 ASCT can provide 46% disease free survival in @entity1 still sensitive to salvage chemotherapy and ASCT is the therapy of choice under 60 years old. New development of technology with mobilized peripheral stem cell (PBPC) allowed to develop early intensive treatment with acceptable @entity137 . Encouraging results have been reported and tested in randomized trial in @entity1 less than 60 years old. Improvement of the treatment of older @entity1 remains problematic considering that chemotherapy can increase hematopoietic and non hematopoietic lethal complications reducing the chance to achieve complete remission.

title: [Treatment of intermediate-grade XXXX in adults].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: AIMS: [Formula: see text] multislice multiecho cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows quantification of the segmental distribution of myocardial @entity68 overload (MIO). We evaluated whether a preferential pattern MIO was preserved between two CMR scans in regularly chelated @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated prospectively 259 @entity3173 @entity1 enrolled in the MIO in Thalassaemia (MIOT) network with a CMR follow-up (FU) study at 18    3 months and significant MIO at baseline. The [Formula: see text] in the 16 segments and the global value were calculated. Four main circumferential regions (anterior, septal, inferior and lateral) were defined. We identified two groups: severe (n = 80, global [Formula: see text] <10 ms) and mild-moderate MIO (n = 179, global [Formula: see text] = 10-26 ms). Based on the CMR reports, 56.4% of @entity1 changed the chelation regimen. For each group, there was a significant improvement in the global heart as well as in regional [Formula: see text] values (P < 0.0001). At the baseline, the mean [Formula: see text] value over the anterior region was significantly lower than the values over the other regions, and the mean [Formula: see text] over the inferior region was significantly lower than the values over the septal and the lateral regions. The same pattern was present at the FU, with a little difference for @entity1 with mild-moderate MIO. CONCLUSION: A preferential pattern of @entity68 store in anterior and inferior regions was present at both CMRs, with an increment of [Formula: see text] values at FU due to a baseline CMR-guided chelation therapy. The anterior region seems the region in which the @entity68 accumulates first and is removed later.

title: Improvement of heart XXXX with preserved patterns of @entity68 store by CMR-guided chelation therapy.

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['thalassaemia major', 'TM']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effect of surgeries in large exotropic @entity1 who underwent a medial rectus muscle (MR) transection after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS: In 5 @entity1 with @entity5770 (XT) and a lack of adduction after ESS, orbital CT revealed a complete transection of the midportion of the MR. 3 @entity1 was treated within 3 months after injury. Foster procedure in 2 @entity1 , augmented H  mmelsheim procedure in 1 other @entity1 . Two @entity1 were treated over 6 months after ESS with lateral rectus contraction. Surgery was divided into two stages. The adduction deficits were divided into -1 through to -8. The @entity1 were followed up for more than than 6 months. RESULTS: Postoperatively, 5 @entity1 showed orthophoria or small exophoria within -5  among which 4 had no @entity892 in the primary position, another one avoid @entity892 by prism lens. The adduction deficits improved to -2 to -5. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management (vertical rectus muscle transposition) is effective in correcting a large @entity5770 secondary to a medial rectus transection after ESS. The best time for surgery is 3 months after injury.

title: [Management of large XXXX with medial rectus muscle transection following endoscopic sinus surgery].

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: To investigate the effect of @entity977 compressing the optic chiasm on multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses and to compare these responses with @entity227 seen on static automated perimetry (SAP). Eight eyes of four subjects (median age, 41.50  years; interquartile range, 33-51  years) who were diagnosed with @entity977 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and seen to have a bitemporal @entity227 on standard automated perimetry (SAP), and twelve age-matched normal subjects (median age, 47.00  years; interquartile range, 34.75-51.75  years) were subjected to multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) testing. The monocular latencies and monocular amplitudes of each sector of cases were compared with the responses of normative database. The topography of the mfVEP response was compared with corresponding field defect as seen in total deviation threshold on SAP to allow a comparison with conventional subjective perimetry. The mfVEP amplitudes were reduced in the areas with @entity227 on SAP. In 6 out of 8 eyes, locations with preserved amplitudes and no @entity227 showed prolonged latency. A prolonged median latency of 9.17  ms (interquartile range, 3.44-17.69  ms) in cases was seen when compared to the median latency of 1.67  ms (interquartile range, 0.94-4.17  ms) in age-matched controls with P value of 0.054. Chiasmal compression due to @entity977 causes the reduction of amplitudes and prolongation of latencies of the mfVEP response. The mfVEP can be used to assess objectively the topography of the visual field in compressive @entity1781 secondary to pituitary @entity652 . It can be used in assessing the subjects whose visual field report is unreliable and prolonged median latency can be an early sign of the disease.

title: Multifocal visual evoked potential recordings in compressive XXXX secondary to @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual defects', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic neuropathy']


abstract: Subacute @entity75 with @entity410 in @entity5882 (SESA) was first described in 1981 by Niedermeyer who reported @entity988 @entity1 presenting with @entity911 , @entity410 and focal @entity51 and is quite distinct from @entity1 presenting with typical @entity167 withdrawal @entity410 . EEG often reveals periodic discharges and spikes, but SESA presenting with @entity159 has rarely been described. We report a case of SESA with @entity159 in a @entity1 who was initially suspected of having a typical @entity167 withdrawal @entity410 . A 61 year old @entity1 with a history of @entity5882 was admitted at an outside hospital for @entity911 thought to be secondary to an @entity167 withdrawal @entity410 . She had right @entity1269 and later developed right facial twitching that did not respond to intravenous @entity15992 and @entity4677 . She was transferred for further management. Upon arrival, @entity2934 and @entity15992 were given and right face @entity717 resolved. However, continuous EEG monitoring revealed ongoing @entity159 ( @entity159 ). Following treatment with IV @entity1092 and @entity13876 , there was resolution of @entity159 . SESA is likely an under recognized clinical syndrome that is quite distinct from typical @entity167 withdrawal @entity410 and requires a different diagnostic and management approach. @entity159 is likely to account for the @entity75 and focal @entity51 seen in @entity1 presenting with the clinical syndrome of SESA. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion is warranted and continuous EEG monitoring is recommended for @entity988 @entity1 with @entity75 and focal @entity51 .

title: Subacute XXXX and @entity410 in alcoholics (SESA) presenting with @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity15992 :: ('MESH:C043114', 'Chemical') :: ['fosphenytoin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clonic movements']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['NCSE', 'non-convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: This article describes a study that assesses whether @entity1 who received @entity3285 ( @entity3285 ; Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California) during knee surgery had an increased tendency to develop ecchymosis in the lower limb versus @entity1 who did not receive @entity3285 . Sixty-four @entity1 who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery were divided randomly into three groups: @entity1 who received @entity3285 at tourniquet inflation (TorTourn) at the end of surgery (TorEnd), or not at all (TorNone). None of the @entity1 exhibited abnormal preoperative @entity548 times. One week postsurgery, @entity1 were evaluated photographically for ecchymosis between the hip and malleoli of the surgical limb. Ecchymotic areas between the hip and malleoli were traced around their borders with a black marker. Three photographs of each surgical knee were taken: posterior, anterolateral, and anteromedial views. Each @entity1 's photos then were scanned into a computer and the amount of encircled (ecchymotic) surface area and the total surface area of the limb were calculated. For each view, the ecchymotic surface area was divided by the total surface area to obtain a percentage of ecchymosis on that view. The percentages for the three views were added to obtain a single score for each @entity1 . The mean ecchymotic surface area score was 21.9 +/- 31% for the TorTourn group, 27.5 +/- 25.5% for the TorEnd group, and 30.3 +/- 36.4% for the TorNone group. There was no significant difference in the ecchymotic surface area among the groups. This study suggests that @entity3285 does not affect the amount of ecchymosis that occurs following knee surgery.

title: Effect of @entity3285 ( XXXX ) on ecchymosis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine', 'Toradol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity3285 :: (MESH:D020911,Chemical) :: ['Toradol']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Excision of the extrahepatic portion of @entity2941 (CCs) avoids the risk of @entity5 . The standard classification scheme is out of date. DESIGN: Retrospective case series and literature review. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-eight adult @entity1 diagnosed as having CC from 1990 to 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and radiographic imaging findings, operative treatment, pathologic features, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-nine adult @entity1 were treated for CCs (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 31 [17] years, and mean [SD] age at surgery 37 [14] years). The primary report was @entity490 (36 of 39 @entity1 ). Eight @entity1 had @entity255 , 5 had @entity1087 , and 6 had @entity788 . Radiographic imaging studies and operative findings showed that the abnormality predominantly involved the extrahepatic bile duct in 30 @entity1 , the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in 7 @entity1 ; and 2 were @entity7261 attached to the common bile duct. Surgical treatment in 29 (90%) of 31 @entity1 with @entity45 (regardless of intrahepatic changes) consisted of resection of the enlarged extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Eight @entity1 (21%) were initially seen with associated @entity5 ( @entity201 of the extrahepatic duct in 6; @entity1086 in 2). Seven of 8 @entity1 had a prior diagnosis of CC but had undergone a drainage operation (3 @entity1 ), expectant treatment (3 @entity1 ), or incomplete excision (1 @entity1 ). In none of the @entity1 with @entity5 was surgery not curative. Nine @entity1 had previously undergone a cystoduodenostomy and/or cystojejunostomy as @entity1 . Four of them had @entity5 on presentation as adults. There were no postoperative deaths. @entity5 subsequently developed in no @entity1 whose benign extrahepatic cyst was excised, regardless of the extent of enlargement of the intrahepatic bile duct. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital CCs consist principally of congenital dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct with a variable amount of intrahepatic involvement. We believe that the standard classification scheme is confusing, unsupported by evidence, misleading, and serves no purpose. The distinction between type I and type IV CCs has to be arbitrary, for the intrahepatic ducts were never completely normal. Although @entity13550 may resemble CCs morphologically, with respect to cause and clinical course, the 2 are unrelated. The other rare anomalies ( @entity7261 ; choledochocele) are also unrelated to CC. Therefore, the term "congential @entity2941 " should be exclusively reserved for congenital dilation of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts apart from @entity13550 , and the other conditions should be referred to by their names, for example, choledochocele, and should no longer be thought of as subtypes of CC. Our data demonstrate once again a persistent tendency to recommend expectant treatment in @entity1 without symptoms and the extreme risk of nonexcisional treatment. The entire extrahepatic biliary tree should be removed when CC is diagnosed whether or not symptoms are present. The outcome of that approach was excellent.

title: XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst', 'congenital choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladderlike diverticula', 'diverticula']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['benign cysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ['Caroli disease']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['Congenital choledochal cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To gain updated estimates of prevalence and incidence of @entity309 and proportion on biological treatment in southern Sweden. METHODS: Inpatient and outpatient health care provided to residents in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) is registered in the Sk  ne Health Care Register (SHCR). We identified residents aged > or = 20 years who had received a diagnosis of @entity309 at least twice during 2003-08. Valid point prevalence estimates by 31 December 2008 were obtained by linkage to the Swedish population register, and information on biological treatment was obtained from the South Swedish @entity625 Treatment Group register. We also tested our estimates of @entity309 occurrence in a series of sensitivity analyses to investigate the effect of altered case criteria and the uncertainty generated by clinical visits without diagnoses. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity309 in adults was estimated to 0.66% ( @entity1 = 0.94%, @entity1 = 0.37%). The prevalence peaked at age 70-79 years ( @entity1 = 2.1%, @entity1 = 1.1%) before dropping in those aged > or = 80 years. Of prevalent cases, 20% had ongoing biological treatment, a percentage that was highest in @entity1 aged 40-49 years (36%). The incidence of @entity309 in 2008 was estimated as 50/100,000 ( @entity1 = 68/100,000, @entity1 = 32/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with a previous report from southern Sweden, the prevalence of @entity309 seems not to have declined in the last decade. The proportion of @entity1 with ongoing biological treatment was slightly higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . SHCR data are promising additions to other methods to gain frequency estimates of clinically important disease in a timely and cost-efficient manner.

title: Prevalence and incidence of XXXX in southern Sweden 2008 and their relation to prescribed biologics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A comparison was made between eosinophils from normal @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1712 . Highly purified eosinophils were obtained by centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. Studies were carried out on density distribution, @entity26 consumption upon adherence to serum-coated Sephadex and expression of cell surface receptors for IgG and complement. In @entity1778 the density of eosinophils was abnormally low. Abnormal light density fractions of blood eosinophils were also detected in the @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ). Light density eosinophils of @entity5441 showed morphological signs of degranulation consonant with the finding of a low content of granular @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) suggesting degranulation in the circulation or abnormal granule formation in the marrow. In addition, such cells exhibited a higher @entity26 consumption than eosinophils with normal density upon adherence to serum-coated Sephadex. Low density eosinophils showed a greater number of cells with Fc-IgG and complement receptors than high density cells. Likewise exudate eosinophils displayed an abnormally low density with higher than normal @entity26 consumption indicating that eosinophils may be activated in the tissues. In one @entity1 with @entity5441 , a febrile episode resulted in a disappearance of eosinophils with a normal density while abnormal low density eosinophils increased. Our findings suggest that eosinophils from some @entity1 with @entity1712 may be 'activated' in the circulation.

title: Altered density, metabolism and surface receptors of eosinophils in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome', 'HES']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophil leukaemia']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The demonstration that opioid receptors exist in the peripheral nervous system offers the possibility of providing @entity86 in the ambulatory surgical @entity1 . Over the previous decade, many investigators have studied this approach and have compared the efficacy of various opioids added to the local anesthetic near the brachial plexus; and it appears from several of these studies that @entity4783 provides the longest duration of @entity1337 , the most important parameter of @entity86 in outpatients. One of these studies indicated that the agonist-antagonist, @entity4783 , added to @entity1341 provided a longer period of @entity86 than the traditional opiates, but none of the studies was performed in @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery to check the efficacy of @entity4783 to provide @entity86 in dental @entity1 . The present study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of @entity4783 in providing prolonged @entity86 when added to 0.5% @entity1341 with epinephrine 1:200,000. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty healthy, consenting adult @entity1 scheduled for upper extremity surgery were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 equal groups based on the agents used for the blocks. @entity1 in group I received 40 mL of a local anesthetic alone, and those in group II received the same local anesthetic plus @entity4783 0.3 mg. The study was kept double-blind by having one dentist prepare the solutions, a second dentist perform the blocks, and a third dentist monitor the anesthesia and @entity1337 thereafter, up to and including the time of the first request for an analgesic medication. The data were reported as means +/- standard errors of the mean, and differences between groups were determined using t test. A P value less than .01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean duration of @entity282 relief after injection of the local anesthetic alone was 8.34 +/- 0.11 hours compared with 28.18 +/- 1.02 hours after @entity4783 was added, a difference that was statistically (and clinically) significant (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity4783 to the local anesthetic used for intraoral nerve blocks in the present study provided a 3-fold increase in the duration of @entity86 , with complete @entity1337 persisting 30 hours beyond the duration provided by the local anesthetic alone in 75% of @entity1 . This practice can be of particular benefit to @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery by providing prolonged @entity1337 after discharge from the hospital.

title: XXXX with @entity1341 for intraoral nerve blocks to provide @entity86 in outpatients after minor oral surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['Buprenorphine']


abstract: Although spinal glia acquire a reactive profile in @entity614 , glial cell proliferation remains largely unstudied. This study investigated spinal glial proliferation in a model simulating @entity2483 root underwent compression and chromic gut suture exposure or sham procedures. A subset of injured @entity35 received @entity1214 injections prior to injury. @entity1931 was assessed and @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was injected 2 hr before tissue harvest on day 1 or 3. Spinal cell proliferation and phenotype identification were assayed by fluorescent colabeling with antibodies to @entity1603 and either glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes) or @entity16339 (microglia). At day 1, @entity1931 was significantly increased (P < 0.001) for injury over sham. @entity1214 treatment significantly decreased @entity1931 to sham levels at day 1 (P < 0.001). At day 3, @entity1931 remained and @entity1931 was also present for injury (P< 0.003) over sham. The number of @entity1603 -positive cells in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn at day 1 after injury was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) over sham. Approximately 70% of @entity1603 -positive cells labeled positively for @entity16339 ; dividing microglia were significantly increased (P < 0.004) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn at day 1 following injury compared with sham. Spinal cellular proliferation after injury was not changed by @entity1214 injection. By day 3, the number of @entity1603 -positive cells had returned to sham levels bilaterally. Data indicate that spinal microglia proliferate after injury but that proliferation is not abolished by @entity1214 treatment that @entity536 , indicating that spinal microglial proliferation may be related to injury and may not be linked to changes in sensory perception.

title: Spinal microglial proliferation is evident in a XXXX model of painful disc herniation both in the presence of behavioral hypersensitivity and following @entity1214 treatment sufficient to @entity536 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['Minocycline', 'minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['Allodynia', 'ipsilateral allodynia', 'contralateral allodynia']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['painful disc herniation; the C7 nerve']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity3580 and @entity511 of the skull base are rare. Since total resection of these @entity5 is difficult, adjuvant radiotherapy is necessary. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for skull base @entity3580 and @entity511 and to determine the optimal marginal dose for these @entity5 . Fourteen @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3580 or @entity511 underwent 16 sessions of SRS using gamma knife. The marginal doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy (mean, 15 Gy). Lower marginal doses of 12 Gy on average (range, 10-12.5 Gy) were applied to four @entity1 since they underwent prior fractionated radiotherapy, and partial treatment for which parts of @entity5 were excluded from planned target volume because of their proximity to critical structures was also applied to four @entity1 . The whole @entity5 were covered with higher marginal doses of 18 Gy on average (range, 16-20 Gy) for six @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 65 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 3 and 5 years after SRS was 53 and 43%, respectively. Five-year PFS rates for @entity1 who underwent SRS with higher and lower marginal doses were 80 and 14%, respectively, which were significantly different (P = 0.005). @entity5 progression after partial irradiation mainly occurred from sites where delivered doses were reduced. Sufficient marginal doses at least 16 Gy appeared crucial. Proper combination with surgical resection to @entity5 from critical structures and to reduce @entity5 volume is necessary to completely deliver sufficient marginal doses for SRS.

title: Treatment with high marginal dose is mandatory to achieve long-term control of skull base XXXX and @entity511 by means of stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'detach tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['Chordomas', 'chordomas']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: The @entity10043 analogs @entity9392 and @entity8778 are effective treatments for @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ). However, alternative treatments are needed for @entity1 with recurrent disease. We reviewed retrospectively data from 18 @entity1 who were retreated with either @entity9392 (n=12) or @entity8778 (n=6) in combination with rituximab, after 1-6 (median 2) previous treatments with either @entity10043 analog as a single agent. All 18 @entity1 responded to therapy, with a complete response (CR) rate of 89%. This compared favorably with CR rates of 68% after second-line therapy and 47% after third-line therapy in 88 @entity1 retreated one or more times with a @entity10043 analog alone. @entity137 with the combination treatment was minimal. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range 5-83 months) all 16 complete responders remained in CR, while one partial responder developed recurrent disease at 10 months. The estimated recurrence rate at 3 years was 7%. This compares with 21% after second-line therapy and 42% after third-line therapy in the 88 @entity1 retreated with a @entity10043 analog alone. Furthermore, it was a marked improvement on the 55% recurrence at 3 years previously seen in these same 18 @entity1 after their own first-line treatment with single-agent @entity9392 or @entity8778 (p=0.006). The combination of a @entity10043 analog with rituximab was safe and effective for @entity1 with recurrent @entity5734 . The results suggest an added benefit compared with single-agent @entity10043 analog therapy.

title: Rituximab with @entity9392 or XXXX : an effective combination treatment for @entity5734 after disease recurrence.

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['pentostatin']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large, complex, posttraumatic and recurrent @entity4036 present a reconstructive challenge. Multiple techniques have been described to restore the integrity of the abdominal wall, although the indications and applications can be difficult to navigate. The authors propose an algorithm that facilitates the assessment and treatment of secondary large ventral defects. METHODS: The algorithm described involves a systematic approach to abdominal wall reconstruction and was applied to 23 consecutive @entity1 at the R Adams @entity130 Center. Data collected from the chart review included age, body mass index, mechanism of injury, placement of skin graft and use of resorbable mesh before definitive reconstruction, size of defect, number of tissue expanders placed, length of follow-up, and complications. RESULTS: There were six female @entity1 and 17 male @entity1 , with an average age of 36 years. The average follow-up was 7 months. Seventeen @entity1 had posttraumatic laparotomies, five @entity1 had aggressive abdominal wall debridement following necrotizing @entity9156 , and one @entity1 developed a large @entity4036 following complications from gastric bypass surgery. All @entity1 underwent delayed abdominal wall reconstruction, with an average time to initial reconstruction of 19.5 months. Sixteen @entity1 had no @entity260 . Seven @entity1 had complications, including one with an enterocutaneous @entity292 , one with a @entity1744 , two with @entity2080 , one with a superficial wound infection, and two with recurrent abdominal wall laxity. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstructive ladder for large, complex @entity4036 is poorly defined. The proposed algorithm provides a systematic staged approach that incorporates available techniques used for delayed reconstruction of the abdominal wall.

title: Abdominal wall reconstruction following severe loss of domain: the R Adams XXXX Center algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hernias', 'abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['partial small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Cowley Shock Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cowley Shock Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The adult response to @entity583 results in @entity32 , scar formation, @entity5988 , and loss of regional and global function. Regenerative scarless healing has been demonstrated in foetal dermis and tendon and is associated with diminished @entity32 . We hypothesised that following foetal @entity583 , there would be minimal @entity32 , regenerative healing, and preservation of function. METHODS: Anteroapical @entity583 encompassing 20% of the left ventricle was created in adult or early gestation foetal @entity742 . Myocardial function was serially assessed using quantitative echocardiography. @entity1188 was examined histologically for evidence of scar formation. @entity32 , cellular proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the adult @entity742 4 weeks following @entity583 , there was a significant decline in ejection fraction (EF) (41  7.4% to 26  7.4%, p<0.05), and the @entity2845 myocardial segment increased in size (6.9  0.8 cm to 7.9  1.1 cm, p<0.05). By contrast, there was no decline in the foetal EF (53  8.1% to 55  8.8%) and no @entity2845 foetal myocardial segment 4 weeks post- @entity1188 . The foetal @entity1188 lacked an inflammatory cell infiltrate and healed with minimal @entity82 , compared with the adults. Foetal @entity1188 also demonstrated @entity1603 ( @entity1603 )+ proliferating cells, including cardiomyocytes, within the @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the foetal response to @entity583 is dramatically different from the adult and is characterised by minimal @entity32 , lack of @entity82 , @entity296 and restoration of cardiac function. Diminished @entity32 is associated with foetal regenerative @entity299 following injury. Understanding the mechanisms involved in foetal myocardial regeneration may lead to applications to alter the adult response following @entity583 .

title: Regenerative healing following foetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Cellular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcts', 'Infarct architecture', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac healing']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The role of the @entity995 gene ( @entity996 ) in @entity1 @entity356 is yet to be clarified. We report on the analysis of @entity996 structure and protein ( @entity996 ) expression in @entity356 using Southern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between @entity996 expression and cell proliferation was assessed by a proliferation marker ( @entity1364 ) in a subset of cases. Non-neoplastic mucosas were studied, as controls, by the same methodology. We found a close relationship between @entity996 expression and @entity1364 in non-neoplastic mucosas as well as in @entity356 . All @entity5 were immunohistochemically positive for @entity996 , although with a variable proportion of non-immunoreactive cells. @entity189 of the diffuse type showed absence of @entity996 expression in a larger proportion of @entity1358 of the intestinal type (P < 0.05). Analysis of the @entity996 structure using probe p68RS2.0 revealed @entity74 in 29% of informative cases. No homozygous deletions and/or rearrangements were detected with p68RS2.0 and cDNA probes. Western analysis revealed no abnormal patterns of @entity996 . Our data therefore suggest that major alterations affecting the @entity996 gene are rather infrequent in @entity1 @entity356 .

title: @entity995 gene structure and product expression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic cells than carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze clinical presentations, pulmonary function parameters and radiological appearance in @entity1 with @entity3794 and @entity2542 . METHODS: We reviewed the clinical features, imaging, and lung function indices from 8 @entity1 diagnosed with CPFE according to the findings by high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) since 2006 to 2009 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male, aged 65 (59 - 75) years, and 7 of them were smokers. @entity1353 on exertion was presented in 7 @entity1 . Basal crackles were heard in 6 @entity1 and finger clubbing was observed in 4 @entity1 . Pulmonary function demonstrated that forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV   /FVC) was slightly lower with a median of 76% (range 60% to 86%), forced vital capacity (FVC) was 73% (51% - 92%), and total lung capacity (TLC) was 80% (59% - 114%). However, @entity1223 diffusion capacity (D(L)CO) was significantly impaired (44%, 16% - 65%). HRCT findings included @entity2415 predominantly at the upper zone, while reticular opacities, honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis were in the lower lobes. @entity120 was seen in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The co-existence of @entity82 and @entity358 was found in some smokers. @entity1 with @entity3794 can present with a normal or nearly normal lung volume but a remarkable impairment in gas exchange. A high prevalence of @entity120 is seen in @entity3794 . Further studies to elucidate the pathogenesis and to explore the treatment and prognosis are warranted.

title: [Combined @entity3794 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lower lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['combined pulmonary fibrosis', 'CPFE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['upper lung emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema (CPFE) syndrome']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-field 3.0 T MR scanners provide an improved signal-to-noise ratio which can be translated in higher image resolution, possibly allowing critical detection of @entity75 missed on standard-field 1.0-1.5 T MRIs. In this study, the authors explore the potential value of re-imaging at 3.0 T @entity1 with refractory partial @entity302 and negative 1.5 T MRI. METHODS: We retrospectively identified all @entity1 with refractory partial @entity302 candidate for surgery who had undergone a 3.0 T MR study after a negative 1.5 T MR study. High-field 3.0 T MRIs were reviewed qualitatively by neuroradiologists experienced in interpreting @entity302 studies with access to clinical information. Relevance and impact on clinical management were assessed by an epileptologist. RESULTS: Between November 2006 and August 2009, 36 @entity1 with refractory partial @entity302 candidate for surgery underwent 3.0 T MR study after a 1.5 T MR study failed to disclose a relevant @entity75 . A potential lesion was found only in two @entity1 (5.6%, 95% CI: 1.5-18.1%). Both were found to have hippocampal @entity194 congruent with other presurgical localization techniques which resulted in omission of an invasive EEG study and direct passage to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of detection of a new lesion by re-imaging at 3.0 T @entity1 with refractory partial @entity302 candidate for surgery was found to be low, but seems to offer the potential of a significant clinical impact for selected @entity1 . This finding needs to be validated in a prospective controlled study.

title: Value of 3.0 T MR imaging in refractory partial XXXX and negative 1.5 T MRI.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesion', 'subtle epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of urinary drainage after rectal resection and identification of criteria associated with postoperative @entity1973 ( @entity1973 ). @entity1973 remains a clinical problem for up to two thirds of @entity1 after rectal resection. Currently, there are no guidelines concerning duration or type of drainage. METHODS: One hundred ninety consecutive rectal resections (abdomino-perineal resection (APR   =   47), mechanical coloanal @entity254 (MechCAA   =   48), manual coloanal @entity254 (Man @entity8268   =   47), colorectal @entity254 (CRA   =   48)) in male @entity1 were included. In @entity1 with a transurethral catheterization (TUC), the drainage was removed at day 5. @entity1 with a suprapubic catheterization (SPC) underwent drainage removal according to the results of a clamping test at day 5. @entity1973 was defined as drainage removal after day 6 and/or acute urinary retention (AUR). RESULTS: Drainage types were SPC (n   =   136, 72  %) and TUC (n   =   54, 28  %). SPC was used more frequently after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) (APR, ManCAA, MechCAA) (83-92  %). Complications rates of SPC and TUC were 20 and 9  %. The clamping test was positive for 61 @entity1 (48  %), and SPC was removed before/on POD6 without any episode of AUR. After TUC removal, two @entity1 (4  %) had AUR. Seventy-two (38  %) @entity1 had @entity1973 : 11 (6  %) were discharged with an indwelling catheter, and in 61 (32  %), the catheter was removed after day6. Three independent factors were associated with @entity1973 : @entity6 (OR   =   2.9 (1.2-7.7)), urological history (OR   =   2.9 (1.2-7.6)), and @entity348 (OR   =   5.2 (2.3-13.5)). CONCLUSION: The @entity1973 rate after surgery for @entity5 was 38  %. The clamping test is accurate to prevent AUR after SPC removal. The three risk factors may serve to select good candidates for early catheter removal.

title: Management of postoperative bladder emptying after proctectomy in @entity1 for @entity5 . A retrospective study of 190 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction', 'UD']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) can potently reduce target gene expression in @entity1 cells and is in wide use for loss-of-function studies. Several recent reports have demonstrated that short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), used to mediate RNAi, can also induce an interferon-based response resulting in changes in the expression of many interferon-responsive genes. Off-target gene silencing has also been described, bringing into question the validity of certain RNAi-based approaches for studying gene function. We have targeted the plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 ( @entity10933 or @entity10933 ) mRNA using lentiviral vectors for delivery of U6 promoter-driven @entity10933 -targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression. @entity10933 is reported to have anti-apoptotic activity, thus reduction of endogenous expression may be expected to make cells more sensitive to programmed cell death. RESULTS: As expected, we encountered a @entity137 phenotype when targeting the @entity10933 mRNA with vector-derived shRNA. However, this predicted phenotype was a potent non-specific effect of shRNA expression, as functional overexpression of the target protein failed to rescue the phenotype. By decreasing the shRNA length or modifying its sequence we maintained @entity10933 silencing and reduced, but did not eliminate, @entity137 . ShRNA of 21 complementary nucleotides (21 mers) or more increased expression of the @entity22167 ( @entity22167 ) interferon-responsive gene. 19 mer shRNA had no effect on @entity22167 expression but long-term selective pressure on cell growth was observed. By lowering lentiviral vector titre we were able to reduce both expression of shRNA and induction of @entity22167 , without a major impact on the efficacy of gene silencing. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate a rapid @entity137 effect of shRNAs expressed in @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. There appears to be a cut-off of 21 complementary nucleotides below which there is no interferon response while target gene silencing is maintained. @entity137 or @entity22167 induction could be reduced by changing shRNA sequence or vector titre, but stable gene silencing could not be maintained in extended cell culture despite persistent marker gene expression from the RNAi-inducing transgene cassette. These results underscore the necessity of careful controls for immediate and long-term RNAi use in @entity1 cell systems.

title: Short-term XXXX effects and long-term instability of RNAi delivered using lentiviral vectors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity22167 :: ('4938', 'Gene') :: ['OAS1', 'oligoadenylate synthase-1']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxic', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attentional bias to emotion- and illness-related information plays a prominent role in many @entity146 , particularly major @entity308 and @entity148 . Using the emotional Stroop task we investigated which variables beyond aspects of @entity1 ' psychopathology might influence reaction times and interference in the Stroop test. METHODS: We investigated 82 @entity5539 inpatients and 39 healthy controls. Diagnosis of @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity2531 were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Severity of @entity308 , @entity148 , somatic symptoms, as well as experiences of childhood @entity130 , alexithymia, dissociation and emotion suppression were assessed via questionnaires. The emotional Stroop test was performed by using neutral and negative words, words related to @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity2531 , respectively, and individually chosen words, which were related to the main problems of the @entity1 . RESULTS: In multivariate regression analyses, reaction times were best predicted by self-reported experiences of childhood @entity130 . Interference, by contrast, was predicted by emotion suppression, but only for negative words, @entity148 and individually relevant words. Against our hypothesis, measurements of psychopathology were not associated with Stroop performance. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides further support for the idea that the experience of childhood @entity130 influences adult neuropsychological performance. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the ability to suppress emotions may be an important predictor of attentional bias.

title: Impact of childhood XXXX , alexithymia, dissociation, and emotion suppression on emotional Stroop task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety-related words', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders', 'somatization']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 29-year-old @entity1 was referred to a multidisciplinary pituitary clinic with a 3.5-year history of central @entity2010 , initially presumed to be idiopathic based on a normal MRI scan of the pituitary gland. Subsequent scanning revealed a suprasellar mass, which demonstrated progressive enlargement on serial imaging. He also developed @entity6126 . INVESTIGATIONS: Measurement of levels of serum morning fasting @entity701 , @entity4545 , total @entity251 , luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1, TSH and free T(4), MRI of the pituitary gland and a transsphenoidal biopsy of a pituitary mass were performed. DIAGNOSIS: @entity4611 presenting with @entity2010 , with development of @entity6126 and a suprasellar mass. MANAGEMENT: The @entity1 was treated with intranasal desmopressin and transdermal @entity251 . The underlying @entity4611 was initially managed conservatively with serial MRI and visual field testing. No immunosuppressant medication was given and, aside from the diagnostic transsphenoidal biopsy, no surgical intervention was required. He subsequently developed @entity1375 , secondary @entity1887 and @entity2338 . These disorders were managed with @entity1955 and @entity229 .

title: XXXX with @entity2010 in a young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'Lymphocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['Lymphocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of low dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy for @entity1 with chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 . METHODS: A retrospective case review of 10 @entity1 who received @entity1500 for chronic @entity1596 at a tertiary referral centre was performed. The following data were recorded for each @entity1 : age, sex, race, duration of @entity1596 , primary diagnosis, anatomical localisation of @entity1596 , corticosteroid therapy, dose range of @entity1500 , duration of @entity1500 therapy, and side effects of @entity1500 therapy. Several clinical parameters were evaluated to study the effect of @entity1500 . These included visual acuity, @entity32 , and topical and oral corticosteroid requirement. RESULTS: After @entity1500 VA of 6/6 or better was present in 100% right eyes and 80% left eyes (p = 0.055 and p = 0.016, respectively). @entity32 decreased in 60% of @entity1 after @entity1500 (p = 0.0168). The requirement of topical @entity134 decreased from a mean of 5.6 times a day before @entity1500 to 1.5 times a day after @entity1500 (p = 0.005). The dose of oral @entity134 decreased from a mean of 18 mg per day to 2.85 mg per day (p = 0.012). The most common adverse effect was @entity390 (20%). No @entity1 required discontinuation of @entity1500 because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1500 is effective and safe for chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 in @entity1 . An increase awareness of its efficacy is required among paediatricians and ophthalmologists to prevent sight threatening complication of chronic @entity1596 and its treatment with long term use of @entity230 .

title: The use of low dose @entity1499 in XXXX with chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior chamber inflammation', 'anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: One hundred and fifty @entity1 with @entity438 , operated on consecutively in the early stage in our department, were re-evaluated retrospectively. Seven surgeons operated on 159 @entity439 in 150 @entity1 . Seventy-nine percent of the @entity1 were in grades I-III (scale of Hunt and Hess), 21% in grades IV-V. Seventy-one percent had a severe @entity548 (classification of Fisher et al.), 21% had an @entity1779 . Intraoperative CSF drainage was an almost indispensable tool while postoperative external drainage did not prove to be helpful in preventing @entity2553 and/or @entity1276 . Induced @entity551 was abandoned in favour of temporary clipping. Thirteen percent of the @entity1 suffered a permanent or @entity86 , while 11% developed delayed @entity51 . Five percent were related to @entity2553 alone, they were all transient. Five percent had @entity2553 combined with other complications. One of them had permanent and the other one @entity51 . One percent deteriorated due to @entity887 or occluded vessels. The results improved with the introduction of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3931 , induced @entity101 and transcranial Doppler sonographic control of the @entity2553 . @entity1 in good preoperative condition had a good early outcome in 69%. The result was fair in 21% and poor in 4%, while 6% of the @entity1 died. In the poor condition group 22% of the @entity1 made a good, 13% a fair, and 59% a poor recovery, 16% of whom died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early XXXX surgery: a 7 year clinical practice report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'fatal deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['fatal immediate postoperative deterioration']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasms', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haematoma']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a serious disease of the aorta with high mortality and morbidity, which requires emergency surgical treatment in order to close the site of the dissection and direct blood flow into the true lumen. Improvements in surgical technique have led to better management of @entity1 with reduced operative mortality, although it still remains high. The aim of this study is to evaluate early and late outcomes of the surgical treatment of acute @entity1580 at the hospital of Lecce between 1998 and 2007. We also aim to establish a correlation between these outcomes and pre-operative conditions, surgical procedures and location of the site of the tear. METHODS: From 1998 to 2007, 100 @entity1 (69 males and 31 females, average age 62.2 +/- 12.3 years, range 22-85 years) underwent surgery for acute @entity697 at the center. Surgical techniques included replacement of the ascending aorta ( @entity938 Ao) with or without valve replacement (including five @entity1 who underwent the Bentall/De Bono procedure) and replacement of the @entity938 Ao with or without arch or hemiarch replacement. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 22%, with different results between surgery for replacement of the aorta and for aorta with valve replacement (respectively, 16% and 23%). Different mortality rates were found between the distal surgical treatments, with rates of 20.8% and 18.2% respectively between replacements of the @entity938 Ao and of @entity938 Ao with arch/hemiarch, although they were not statistically significant. A different mortality rate that was subject to the @entity1 's @entity558 has also been found (33.3% of mortality in @entity1 in unstable or high-risk condition vs 13.8% in @entity1 in stable condition). The peak reached 43.5% mortality in @entity1 taken to the operating room while in shock or cardiac tamponade. The location of the site of the tear is another factor that distinguishes mortality rates, which are 17.8% if localized at the proximal ascending aorta and 22.2% in the aortic arch. Assessment of the outcome (10 years after surgery), has shown that four @entity1 died several years later but for reasons unrelated to the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The surgery of dissection is still an intervention with a relatively high in-hospital mortality risk, and whose outcome, which has been steady in the last 20 years, can be predicted according to the @entity558 of the @entity1 . This underlines the need to reduce the time of diagnosis indicating immediate surgical treatment.

title: Outcome of acute XXXX : single-center experience from 1998 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Painful @entity5818 is one of the first reasons for care in rehabilitation centres. As the evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical measures as adjuvant treatment is limited, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy on shoulder @entity158 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and analytical study was conducted using the medical records of @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 who attended in a rehabilitation centre from October 2010 to September 2011. The demographic and clinical data were collected, and the clinical improvement was determined as: complete, incomplete, or no improvement. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi squared was used to determine whether there were differences between the different modalities of physiotherapy, as well as the level of improvement. RESULTS: The study included a total of 181  @entity1 , with a mean age of 54.3  years, and a mean of 4.6 months of onset of @entity158 . The physiotherapy treatments included: warm compresses plus interferential current (60.2%), and warm compresses plus ultrasound (17.1%). Just over half (53.6%) obtained a moderate recovery, 36.4% slight improvement, and 9.9% no improvement. No significant differences were found between the different forms of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The supervised rehabilitation program consists of 9  sessions of physiotherapy. A functional improvement of 90% was obtained, without finding any statistical differences between the therapies used.

title: [Effectiveness of physiotherapy on painful XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['shoulder impingement syndrome']


abstract: Two molecular weight variants of the interferon (IFN)-induced intracellular enzyme @entity11932 (2-5A) synthetase have been described recently; a 100-kD (cytoplasmic) and a 30-kD (intranuclear) form of the enzyme. The 30-kD form has been located primarily in the nucleus, while the 100-kD enzyme was found mainly in the cytoplasm. We examined 2-5A synthetase activity in extracts of @entity1 @entity320 ( @entity1 ) cells treated with either recombinant (r) @entity3027 A or @entity3692 to determine the differential regulation of these enzyme subtypes by treatment with the two types of IFN. Cells were treated (continuous exposure) with doses of rIFN-alpha A (1,000 U/ml) or @entity3692 (5,000 U/ml), each of which reduced the number of viable cells to 50% of control values (ED50) by day 3 of treatment. At equieffective doses, the maximal increase in 2-5A synthetase occurred at 48 h for both rIFN-alpha A and @entity3692 continuous exposure. The maximal 2-5A intracellular activities at 48 h were 800 +/- 40 and 160 +/- 15 nmoles/mg protein for rIFN-alpha A and @entity3692 treatment, respectively. High-performance gel permeation chromatography of cell lysates resolved the 2-5A activity into both 100-kD and 30-kD fractions. At 48 h after treatment with rIFN-alpha A, the activity of the 30-kD synthetase was approximately twofold greater than that of the 100-kD enzyme. In contrast, the activity of both 30- and 100-kD enzymes were equivalent 48 h after treatment with @entity3692 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential activity of the 30-kD and the 100-kD forms of 2'-5'An synthetase induced by recombinant XXXX interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: The anorectum and the lower urinary tract (LUT) are closely related. Clinically, it is important for caregivers to identify the presence of concomitant pathology as early in the diagnostic process as possible. This study evaluates @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in @entity1 with different types of @entity322 ( @entity322 ), and compares the outcome with continent @entity1 and with a female control group. METHODS: Female @entity1 , consulting at the Functional Unit of our Urology Department, with or without @entity322 , were included in the study (URO @entity1 ). A female control group was recruited at the Orthopedic and the General Internal Medicine Consultation and among co-workers from the hospital (CONTROL group). All were asked to complete a validated, self-administered questionnaire, which identified the possible presence of @entity322 , allowed categorization by type of @entity322 , and questioned @entity29 . RESULTS: URO @entity1 had, regardless of presence and type of @entity322 , more complaints of @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) and of @entity1142 than the CONTROL group. @entity1 with Urge @entity322 and Mixed @entity322 had significantly more difficulty postponing defecation and significantly more @entity1241 than Stress @entity322 (SUI) @entity1 and than continent URO @entity1 (27% vs. 8%). More SUI @entity1 reported straining during defecation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that in @entity1 with functional problems of the LUT, the prevalence of @entity29 is high. Bowel symptoms differ in different types of @entity322 .

title: Lower bowel function in urinary incontinent @entity1 , urinary continent XXXX and in controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['lower bowel symptoms', 'LBS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 during hospitalization is associated with increased rates of complications and longer hospital stays. Various insulin regimens are used in the inpatient @entity6 management of non-critically ill @entity1 . We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of basal-bolus insulin therapy (BBI) by summarizing evidence from studies of BBI versus sliding scale insulin therapy (SSI) in the management of hospitalized non-critically ill @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing BBI therapy with SSI therapy in hospitalized non-critically ill @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Primary outcome was mean daily blood @entity413 (BG) during admission. Secondary outcomes were incidence of @entity4053 and length of hospital stay. Results of included randomized controlled trials (RCT) were pooled and meta-analyzed to provide estimates of the efficacy of BBI therapy. RESULTS: Five RCTs and seven observational studies were included in the review. Meta-analysis of RCTs showed significantly lower mean daily BG with BBI than SSI. Mean difference in daily BG between the two regimens ranged from 14 - 29  mg/dl. BBI therapy was associated with increased risk of mild @entity4053 (BG   <=    70  mg/dl, RR 5.75; 95% CI 2.79-11.83), (BG   <=    60  mg/dl, RR 4.21; 95% CI 1.61-11.02) compared with SSI therapy. There was no difference in risk of severe @entity4053 (BG   <=    40  mg/dl) and no difference in mean length of stay. CONCLUSION: Basal-bolus insulin in the inpatient @entity6 management results in significantly lower mean daily BG than sliding scale insulin but is associated with increased risk of mild @entity4053 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Efficacy of basal-bolus insulin regimens in the inpatient management of non-critically ill XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the @entity35 ascitic @entity8532 , @entity22921 , chromosome numbers vary between 33 and 41 with a peak at 40 chromosomes. None of the metaphase spreads showed double minute chromosomes. The karyotype of this @entity5 was characterized by hypodiploid chromosome constitution. Giemsa banding analysis revealed 12 clonal marker chromosomes (M1-M12). Tentative identification of these markers were: M1 = ins(1q); M2 = t(5;?); M3 = t(8;10); M4 = t(8;?); M5 = t(10;X); M6 - t(15;?); M7 = t(5;6); M8 = del(13p); M9-M12 = unidentified. M3 being a large near metacentric chromosome serves as a characteristic marker for this @entity5 . All marker chromosomes except M2 and M4 were present in single copy per cell. In some metaphases M2 was present in 2 copies while M4 was present in 2 or 3 copies per cell. The total cell cycle duration of @entity22921 cells was 15.5 h and the different phases, G1, S, G2 + M were estimated as 1.2, 12.2, and 2 h, respectively.

title: Multiple specific chromosomal alterations in a XXXX ascitic @entity8532 ' @entity22921 '.

entities_list: @entity8532 :: ('MESH:D051642', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied compliance to guidelines of curative treatments in @entity263 ( @entity263 ), which were of special interest due to recent introduction of new treatment technologies and the fact that there existed a real choice between surgery and radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We did retrospective analyses of guidelines adherence for all @entity263 @entity1 receiving curative treatment at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 2004 to 2007 after the introduction of robot-assisted prostatectomy and after-loading brachytherapy. The @entity1 were classified into three groups in relation to guidelines: the accordance, accordance after discussion, and the deviance groups. In time Period I (2004-2005) the 2003 EAU guidelines were used and in Period II (2006-2007) in-house guidelines with minor modifications of EAU were applied. RESULTS: During the observation period 859 @entity1 had curative treatment for @entity263 , and 83% of the @entity1 were treated according to guidelines. In the deviance group (N=146), 119 @entity1 (82%) got prostatectomy instead of radiotherapy. The reasons for deviation in the second period were age >65 years (N=70) and surgery in cases with T3 @entity5 (N=10), Gleason score >8 (N=13) and combinations (N=26). Deviances from guidelines in the radiotherapy group (N=27) mainly concerned @entity1 selecting this treatment due to expectations of preserving sexuality and/or fertility. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of acceptable overall compliance to guidelines for curative @entity263 treatment, the proportion of non-adherence should not been overseen, in particular when new treatment technologies are introduced. Guidelines for @entity263 need to be monitored regularly, and the compliance to guidelines has to be assessed on a regular basis. Guidelines should avoid too strict criteria, particularly in relation to age.

title: Clinicians' use of guidelines as illustrated by curative treatment of XXXX at a comprehensive @entity5 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Management of symptomatic @entity9975 is vitally influenced by dilated biliary tract and @entity2877 . The objectives of this prospective pilot study were to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) compared to diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and to establish an efficient algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of @entity2877 . METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with @entity9975 and dilated biliary tract proven by sonography as well as elevated liver function tests were enrolled within 12 months. @entity1 without evidence of bile duct calculi underwent preoperative MRC, whereas @entity1 with @entity2877 immediate ERC. RESULTS: 58 @entity1 (30 male, 28 female) with a median age of 59.4 years underwent preoperative MRC. In 18 @entity1 (10 male, 8 female; median age 63.5 years) with evidence of @entity2877 we subsequently performed ERC and papillotomy. Bile duct stones were detected and removed after papillotomy in 10 @entity1 , whereas calculi could not be found anymore in 8 @entity1 . The remaining 40 @entity1 without calculi evident on MRC were transferred to magnetic resonance tomography and ERC in case of suspected @entity5 or to cholecystectomy and intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), which could definitely exclude @entity2877 . In comparison to ERC respectively IOC, MRC was able to detect bile duct stones with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive MRC seems to replace diagnostic ERC concerning the presence of @entity2877 in case of @entity9975 and dilated biliary tract with a high sensitivity. The preoperative ERC with stone extraction is still the therapy of choice in case of radiologically confirmed @entity2877 .

title: [The value of magnetic resonance cholangiography for the expedient diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: to determine the efficacy of @entity1872 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1252 with severe @entity3039 refractory to other therapies. DESIGN: noncontrolled clinical trial, with a minimum of 8 weeks of therapy, the maximum determined by clinical response. SETTING: referral-based rheumatology clinic at an army medical center. @entity1 : sequential sample of six @entity1 with @entity1252 with severe @entity3039 refractory to high-dose glucocorticoids. Four @entity1 also failed splenectomy, or cytotoxic drugs, or both. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1872 , 200 mg four times per day, was added to the previous therapeutic regimen for at least 2 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: all six @entity1 had normal platelet counts within 6 weeks of starting @entity1872 treatment. After resolution of @entity882 for at least 1 month, immunosuppressive medications were tapered; one @entity1 had a relapse. During an average follow-up of 12 months, the @entity1872 dose was lowered in the five remaining @entity1 but could not be discontinued without recurrence of @entity882 . During @entity1872 therapy, platelet-bound IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes did not decrease significantly. @entity1872 was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1872 appears to be a useful adjunctive treatment for refractory @entity3039 associated with @entity1252 .

title: @entity1872 for the treatment of refractory XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1872 :: ('MESH:D003613', 'Chemical') :: ['Danazol', 'danazol']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2553 of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is common. The purpose of this study was to characterize the vascular reactivity of @entity1 ITA to dopaminergic agents used in @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass surgery (CBS): @entity935 , @entity452 , and @entity19642 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Segments of the distal ITA 3 mm long were obtained from @entity1 undergoing CBS, mounted on two stainless steel wires in a tissue bath filled with Krebs' solution at 37 degrees C, and attached to a force-displacement transducer. To assess the functional status of the endothelium, the arterial segments were preconstricted with @entity2647 10(-5) mol/L and then exposed to increasing concentrations of @entity934 (10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L). To study vessel relaxation, segments were again preconstricted with @entity2647 10(-5) mol/L and concentration-relaxation responses to @entity935 , @entity452 , and @entity19642 (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) were obtained. There was significant vessel relaxation with both @entity452 (log EC50 = -5.83 +/- 0.16) and @entity19642 (log EC50 = -5.37 +/- 0.06) but none with @entity935 . Vasoconstrictor effects of the drugs were studied from baseline @entity2701 . Neither @entity452 nor @entity19642 caused vasoconstriction from baseline @entity2701 , whereas vessels exposed to @entity935 showed constriction at high concentrations. The vessel responses to the dopaminergic agents did not differ according to the functional status of the endothelium as initially assessed by @entity934 -induced vessel relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity935 may aggravate ITA vasoconstriction, whereas @entity452 and @entity19642 appear to cause vasodilation only.

title: XXXX internal thoracic artery reactivity to dopaminergic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19642 :: ('MESH:C046318', 'Chemical') :: ['dopexamine']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the relationship between mammographic @entity730 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumoral enhancement before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to assess the impact of these findings on surgical management. METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective study involved @entity0 @entity1 who underwent NAC between 2009 and 2015. The study cohort comprised 90 @entity1 with pre- and posttreatment MRI and mammograms demonstrating @entity730 within the @entity5 bed either at presentation or after treatment. The data gathered included pre- and post-NAC imaging findings and post-NAC histopathology, particularly findings associated with @entity730 . Comparisons were made using @entity16043 's exact test, with p values lower than 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Complete resolution of MRI enhancement occurred for 44% of the @entity1 , and a pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved for 32% of the @entity1 . No statistically significant correlation between changes in mammographic @entity730 and MRI  enhancement was found (p = 0.12). Resolution of enhancement was strongly correlated with pCR (p < 0.0001). The majority of the @entity1 with pCR demonstrated complete resolution of enhancement (79%, 23/29). No statistically significant relationship was found between changes in @entity730 and rates of pCR (p = 0.06). A pCR was achieved most frequently for @entity1 with resolution of enhancement and new, increasing, or unchanged @entity730 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity730 seen on post-NAC mammography may be associated with benign disease, loss of MRI enhancement does not predict the absence of @entity41 with sufficient accuracy to leave @entity730 in place. Complete excision of @entity5 bed @entity730 remains standard practice and a substantial limitation to NAC use for downstaging @entity1 to be eligible for breast conservation  treatment.

title: Do Calcifications Seen on Mammography After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for XXXX Always Need to Be Excised?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to report 2-year survival outcomes for @entity213 using transoral robotic-assisted resection. DESIGN: prospective case study. SETTING: two tertiary care centers. @entity1 : eighty-nine @entity1 from 2 tertiary care centers (University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota) with @entity213 of all stages and subsites, who underwent transoral robotic-assisted resection between March 2007 and December 2008, with a median follow-up time of 26 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: disease-free survival, @entity5 recurrence, and gastrostomy tube dependence RESULTS: seventy-one @entity1 had T1 (n = 29) or T2 (n = 42) @entity5 while 18 @entity1 had T3 (n = 8) or T4 (n = 10) @entity5 . There were 24 @entity1 with overall stage I or II disease and 65 with stage III or IV disease. At the time of the last follow-up visit (median, 26 months), there had been a total of 11 @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 : 3 with local; 7, regional (2 of whom also had distant metastases); and 1, distant. Seven @entity1 were treated for recurrent disease. Eighty-two @entity1 had no evidence of disease, 1 @entity1 died of the disease, 2 died of other disease, and 4 were alive with disease at the last follow-up visit. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate for the cohort was 86.5%. None of the @entity1 were gastrostomy tube dependent at the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSION: the 2-year functional and oncologic results justify the continued treatment of select @entity1 with @entity213 with robotic-assisted surgical resection.

title: Transoral robotic-assisted surgery for XXXX : one- and 2-year survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We studied 57 @entity1 with poorly controlled or atypical @entity410 to identify hysterical attacks with a provocative test consisting of initiation and termination of an attack with suggestion and saline injection during electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Using this method, we diagnosed 48 @entity1 as having hysterical attacks. Three additional @entity1 had spontaneous hysterical attacks during routine recordings. Of the 51 @entity1 with hysterical attacks, 78% were female. Two-thirds of the @entity1 were between the ages of 20 and 35 years. Thirty-two @entity1 had taken anticonvulsants before the study. Each @entity1 's @entity302 , and postictum was stereotyped, and the 6 @entity1 subject to both hysterical and organic @entity410 described the two types of attacks as different stereotyped behaviors. @entity5773 , @entity322 , and postictal @entity911 were common. Twelve @entity1 had evidence of past or present @entity16 . Abnormal EEGs were recorded in 37% but only 12% had spike or spike and wave discharges. The provocative EEG test employing saline and suggestion is a useful tool in the diagnosis of hysterical " @entity410 ."

title: XXXX : suggestion as a provocative EEG test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Tongue laceration']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['hysterical attack, aura']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Hysterical seizures']


abstract: This article reviews progress made in understanding the causes of stress @entity322 . Over the last century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain stress @entity322 . These theories are based on clinical observations and focus primarily on the causative role of urethral support loss and an open vesical neck. Recently these hypotheses have been tested by comparing measurements of urethral support and function in @entity1 with primary stress @entity322 to asymptomatic volunteers who were recruited to be similar in age, race, and parity. Maximal urethral closure pressure is the parameter that differs the most between groups being 43% lower in @entity1 with @entity3142 than similar asymptomatic @entity1 having as effect size of 1.6. Measures of urethral support effect sizes range from 0.5 to 0.6. Because any one objective measure of support may not capture the full picture of urethrovesical mobility, review of blinded ultrasounds of movements during cough were reviewed by an expert panel. The panel was able to identify @entity1 with @entity3142 correctly 57% of the time; just 7% above the 50% that would be expected by chance alone, confirming that urethrovesical mobility is not strongly associated with @entity3142 . Although operations that provide differential support to the urethra are effective, urethral support is not the predominant cause of @entity3142 . Improving our understanding of factors affecting urethral closure may lead to novel treatments targeting the urethra and improved understanding of the small but persistent failure rate of current surgery.

title: Why do @entity1 have stress XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine interobserver variability in volume measurements of @entity2 (including part-solid and nonsolid types) using novel @entity146 ( @entity146 ) tools and a machine learning approach and to determine the potential reasons for variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 60 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2 , the three-dimensional volumes of nodules were measured using the perimeter method by an experienced chest radiologist. In addition, for the same @entity1 , maximal diameters and three-dimensional volumes were measured with and without a novel @entity146 tool by six observers. The coefficient of variance (CV) as index of interobserver variability was calculated. For the measurement of volume, the results of the perimeter method were compared to those of the @entity146 method. Furthermore, the CV was calculated for the following subgroups: nodule diameter, internal opacity, margin, spiculation, and adherence to vessels and the chest wall. RESULTS: There was significant interobserver variability among the six observers for manual, but not @entity146 , measurements of maximal diameter (P < .001 and P = .207, respectively). Volume measured with the perimeter method by a chest radiologist was well correlated with volume measured with the aid of the @entity146 system by six radiologists (r = 0.98-0.99). There was no significant difference in the CV for size, internal opacity, spiculation of nodules, or adherence to pulmonary vessels and the chest wall. The CV was significantly higher for obscure marginal nodules than for clear marginal nodules (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: The novel @entity146 tool could be used to measure the volume of not only solid but also part-solid and nonsolid @entity2 .

title: Semi-automatic volumetric measurement of XXXX using multi-detector CT effects of nodule characteristics.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'peripheral lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The @entity73 that is characteristic of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is poorly understood. Because bowel healing is related to the adequacy of perfusion in other circumstances, we studied bowel surface @entity26 tension (PSO2), which is related to bowel perfusion, in @entity95 with @entity29 . Both cell-mediated (n = 17) and immune complex-mediated (n = 10) @entity1960 caused marked attenuation of colon PSO2. Control (n = 13) left colon PSO2 was 36 +/- 5 (SEM) torr. In mild @entity1960 , left colon PSO2 fell to 11 +/- 5 torr, and in severe @entity1960 it fell to 4 +/- 1 torr (p less than 0.01 for each compared with control). These changes occurred irrespective of the mechanism of induction of @entity1960 . Gastric and small intestinal PSO2 were unaffected. Hepatic and renal PSO2 were decreased in severe @entity1960 only. The presence of decreased PSO2 was a better marker for the presence of @entity29 than was histologic evaluation. It is suggested that attenuation of PSO2 may be a marker for the physiologic activity of @entity29 . If this is so, PSO2 may prove a useful adjunct in the operative management of @entity29 .

title: Visceral surface XXXX tension in experimental @entity1960 in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of bowel healing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The inheritance of RFLP markers in interspecific hybrids of @entity11297 and P. coccineus was analyzed. Of 280 cDNA probes used, 70%-85% revealed polymorphism between species while intraspecific RFLP ranged from 8% to 37%. Segregation of 63 clearly scorable markers was examined in 177 @entity19321 x P. coccineus F2's maintained as callus. Preferential transmission of the @entity19321 alleles was observed for 24 of the 28 loci exhibiting @entity74 . Although the segregation ratios at 17 loci fit gametic selection, also other factors such as nuclear-cytoplasmic or embryo-endosperm interactions may be involved. In the reciprocal F2, a relatively high frequency of maternal alleles was recovered for several loci, while the paternal allele was favored at others. The cDNA clone detecting the most extreme segregation, with no P. coccineus type detected among 165 @entity19321 x P. coccineus F2 progeny, showed high homology to histone H2A genes. The markers were mapped to nine linkage groups. Aggregation of markers with preferential maternal transmission was observed, which could be due to selection of individual chromosomes, although false linkage detection cannot be excluded. The results obtained with RFLPs may explain the skewed distribution of phenotypic traits following interspecific hybridization.

title: RFLP analysis of preferential transmission in interspecific hybrids of XXXX and P. coccineus.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['non-Mendelian ratios']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']