abstract: Meatal stricture is not an uncommon condition in the clinical practice, the classical treatment being meatotomy. The failure of the technique and the changes in the quality of the urinary stream have forced us to perform a meatoplasty procedure with pedicle flap from penial skin as described by Jordan, using intravenous local anaesthetics, thus avoiding hospitalization and reducing the overall cost of the procedure. From a total of 23 @entity1 who (between May 1995 and April 1998) required surgery due to meatal stricture, 11 @entity1 underwent meatoplasty and the rest meatotomy. None of the @entity1 in the former group developed @entity850 , and achieved a mean improvement of Q max in the flowmetry performed three months after the procedure of 23 mL/sg. vs the 10.5 mL/sg. of @entity1 undergoing meatotomy. This difference is statistically significant at p = 0.02. Cost saving when surgery is conducted in the day hospital is 122,302 pts/procedure vs 215,182 pts/procedure if the @entity1 had to remain in hospital for 3 or 7 days. Compared to the lower cost of meatotomy (39,308 pts/proc.) or meatoplasty (57,525 pts/proc.), it must be emphasised that the management of complications in the first case is 6,816 pts/ @entity1 vs 1,724 pts/ @entity1 required for cures in the case of Jordan's technique. It was concluded that pedicle flap meatoplasty is an efficient and definitive technique in the treatment of meatal stricture.

title: [Local anesthesia in meatoplasty with pediculated flap, an efficient technique in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['re-stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['meatal stenosis']


abstract: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk in India is currently assessed using the World Health Organization/International Society for @entity101 (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts since no population-specific models exist. The WHO/ISH risk prediction charts have two versions-one with total @entity165 as a predictor (the high information (HI) model) and the other without (the @entity258 ( @entity258 ) model). However, information on the WHO/ISH risk prediction charts including guidance on which version to use and when, as well as relative performance of the @entity258 and HI models, is limited. This article aims to, firstly, quantify the relative performance of the @entity258 and HI WHO/ISH risk prediction (for WHO-South East Asian Region D) using data from rural India. Secondly, we propose a pre-screening (simplified) point-of-care (POC) test to identify @entity1 who are likely to benefit from a total @entity165 (TC) test, and subsequently when the @entity258 model is preferential to HI model. Analysis was performed using cross-sectional data from rural Andhra Pradesh collected in 2005 with recorded blood @entity165 measurements (N = 1066). @entity65 risk was computed using both @entity258 and HI models, and high risk individuals who needed treatment(THR) were subsequently identified based on clinical guidelines. Model development for the POC assessment of a TC test was performed through three machine learning techniques: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Regularised Logistic Regression (RLR), and Random Forests (RF) along with a feature selection process. Disagreement in @entity65 risk predicted by @entity258 and HI WHO/ISH models was 14.5% (n = 155; p<0.01) overall and comprised 36 clinically relevant THR @entity1 (31% of @entity1 identified as THR by using either model). Using two @entity1 -specific parameters (age, systolic blood pressure), our POC assessment can pre-determine the benefit of TC testing and choose the appropriate risk model (out-of-sample AUCs:RF-0.85,SVM-0.84,RLR:0.82 and maximum sensitivity-98%). The identification of @entity1 benefitting from a TC test for @entity65 risk stratification can aid planning for resource-allocation and save costs for large-scale screening programmes.

title: Implications of XXXX Risk Assessment Using the WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Charts in Rural India.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'low information']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of laparoscopic celiac plexus block (CPB) in @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 has not been reported. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity158 scores scheduled for laparoscopy for diagnosis/staging of unresectable @entity788 were eligible. The study was designed to evaluate 20 consecutive @entity1 with validated quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-PAN26) and validated @entity158 assessment tools [Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)]. Questionnaires were obtained preoperatively, and postoperatively at 1, 4, and 8  weeks. Laparoscopic CPB was performed by bilateral injection of 20  cc 50% @entity167 utilizing a recently described laparoscopic technique. Functional and symptom scoring was performed by EORTC scoring manual. RESULTS: Median age was 61  years (range 42-80  years), and mean preoperative @entity158 score [worst in 24  h on 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS)] was 7.8 [standard deviation (SD) 1.6]. Median total operative time (laparoscopy  +  biopsy  +  @entity16221 ) was 57  min (range 29-92  min), and all @entity1 except one were discharged on day of surgery. No major complications occurred. EORTC functional scales did not change significantly during the postoperative period. EORTC symptomatic @entity158 scores decreased significantly. These findings were also observed in the BPI, with significant decreases in visual analogue score for reported mean (preoperative versus week 4, mean: 5.7 versus 2.7; p  <  0.01) and worst (preoperative versus week 4, mean: 7.8 versus 5.1; p  <  0.01) @entity158 during a 24-h period. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the efficacy of laparoscopic CPB. The procedure was associated with minimal morbidity, brief operative times, outpatient management, and reduction in @entity158 scores similar to that reported with other approaches to celiac neurolysis.

title: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic celiac plexus block in @entity1 with unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['elevated pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare recovery from sedation using @entity1937 and @entity1875 with our standard regimen of @entity1286 and @entity1363 for closed reduction in shoulder dislocation in an @entity2613 . METHODS: We randomised 40 @entity1 for closed shoulder reduction to receive either @entity1937 and @entity1875 (R_P) (20 @entity1 ) or @entity1286 and @entity1363 (M_M) (20 @entity1 ). A suitably trained @entity2613 doctor gave the sedation. R_P @entity1 received @entity26 from a tight-fitting facemask and Mapleson C circuit to prevent @entity13147 and thus reduce the risk of apnoea. Shoulder reduction was performed by another doctor with an @entity2613 nurse also present. We noted recovery times, @entity158 and sedation scores, operative conditions, additional medication and adverse events. RESULTS: All @entity1 given @entity1937 and @entity1875 had recovered within 30 min in contrast to the @entity1286 and @entity1363 group where 17 of 20 @entity1 had recovered after 60 min, the remainder requiring a total of 90 min. Median recovery times were 15 min (95% CI 15 to 20) for the @entity1937 and @entity1875 group, and 45 min (95% CI 29 to 48) for the @entity1286 and @entity1363 group. Reduction conditions and scores for @entity158 /distress did not differ between the groups. Seven @entity1 required additional sedation (four R_P, three M_M) to enable shoulder reduction. Five @entity1 (three R_P, two M_M) had received analgesia prior to the procedure from the ambulance service (one R_P, one M_M) and @entity2613 (two R_P). Two @entity1 given @entity1286 and @entity1363 required @entity5757 to counter oversedation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1937 and @entity1875 reduces @entity1 recovery time and provides equivalent operating conditions compared with @entity1286 and @entity1363 for the reduction of anterior @entity2065 .

title: Recovery from sedation with @entity1937 and XXXX , compared with @entity1286 and @entity1363 , for reduction in @entity2065 .

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: The @entity64 rate in 330 @entity1 requiring coronary artery (170) or peripheral vascular (160) surgery was compared with the presence of carotid bruits and the results of noninvasive screening (Doppler imaging and spectral analysis of flow) to determine prevalence and significance of @entity66 ) and their relationship to perioperative @entity64 . @entity66 were suspected because of bruits in 70 @entity1 with @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ) and in 28 @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Noninvasive tests showed high grade @entity850 or occlusion in 62 @entity1 with @entity1095 and in 14 with @entity453 . Forty-four @entity1 with @entity1095 and 101 @entity1 with @entity453 had normal Doppler studies. The rest in both groups had plaquing without major @entity850 . Noninvasive tests uncovered severe, @entity75 in only 13 @entity1 (9 @entity1095 , 4 @entity453 ). @entity16 occurred in 16 @entity1 (13 @entity64 : 5 @entity1095 , 8 @entity453 and 3 @entity4905 : 2 @entity1095 , 1 @entity453 ). Thirteen @entity16 occurred in @entity1 having nonstenotic plaques or normal carotids without bruits. Only three of the @entity64 and 1 @entity4905 occurred in @entity1 with bruits and detectable @entity543 . Few of the @entity64 or @entity4905 were focal (2 @entity1095 , 1 @entity453 ), and the rest were nonfocal. None of the @entity64 or @entity4905 were associated with postoperative @entity432 . Physical examination is not an accurate method of determining severity of @entity66 . Severe @entity543 is more common in @entity1095 @entity1 than in @entity453 @entity1 , but there is no significant difference in @entity64 rate. No direct relationship has been found between a bruit, severity of disease, and incidence of perioperative @entity64 .

title: XXXX in cardiac and @entity1095 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'postoperative stroke', 'postoperative strokes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions', 'carotid disease', 'Carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occult lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications', 'Postoperative neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Postoperative stroke']


abstract: Products of bacteria are potent chemoattractants for @entity1 leukocytes. Several reports suggest that these attractants are small peptides. We compared the properties of culture fluids of @entity794 with @entity5037 , considered a prototype of bacterial attractant. Chemotactic activity for @entity1 monocytes of Staph. aureus culture filtrates was determined in multiwell chemotaxis chambers. At optimal concentrations, the filtrate attracted almost twice as many monocytes as @entity5037 (53 +/- 5% of input number compared with 30 +/- 3%, in a series of ten experiments). Gel-filtration characteristics and susceptibility to proteolytic digestion suggested that chemotactic activity was due to peptides with a molecular size range of 500-2,000 daltons. Reverse-phase @entity101 ( @entity101 ) of unfractionated filtrate revealed nine peaks of chemotactic activity, most of which was in five of the peaks. One peak accounted for 40% of total activity. Individual peaks, like the unfractionated material, were capable of attracting about twice as many monocytes as the optimal concentration of @entity5037 . Quantitative bioassay of the @entity101 peaks showed that only 5% of the total Staph. aureus chemotactic activity eluted in the position of @entity5037 . This is in contrast to the report that @entity5037 accounted for 70% of neutrophil lysosomal enzyme-releasing activity of @entity526 culture fluid. In summary, chemotactic activity for monocytes of Staph. aureus culture fluid is due to peptides other than @entity5037 ; these peptides recruit a higher percentage of monocytes than @entity5037 .

title: @entity794 -derived chemoattractant activity for XXXX monocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high-pressure liquid chromatography', 'HPLC']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['fMet-Leu-Phe']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Automatic irrigation scheduling based on real-time measurement of soilless substrate water status has been recognized as a promising approach for efficient greenhouse irrigation management. Identification of proper irrigation set points is crucial for optimal crop performance, both in terms of yield and quality, and optimal use of water resources. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of irrigation management based on matric potential control on growth, plant-water relations, yield, fruit quality traits, and water-use efficiency of subirrigated (through bench system) soilless @entity523 . Tensiometers were used for automatic irrigation control. Two cultivars, "Kabiria" (cocktail type) and "Diana" (intermediate type), and substrate water potential set-points (-30 and -60 hPa, for "Diana," and -30, -60, and -90 hPa for "Kabiria"), were compared. Compared with -30 hPa, water stress (corresponding to a -60 hPa irrigation set-point) reduced water consumption (14%), leaf area (18%), specific leaf area (19%), total yield (10%), and mean fruit weight (13%), irrespective of the cultivars. At -60 hPa, leaf-water status of plants, irrespective of the cultivars, showed an osmotic adjustment corresponding to a 9% average osmotic potential decrease. Total yield, mean fruit weight, plant water, and osmotic potential decreased linearly when -30, -60, and -90 hPa irrigation set-points were used in "Kabiria." Unmarketable yield in "Diana" increased when water stress was imposed (187 vs. 349 g  plant(-1), respectively, at -30 and -60 hPa), whereas the opposite effect was observed in "Kabiria," where marketable yield loss decreased linearly [by 1.05 g  plant(-1) per unit of substrate water potential (in the tested range from -30 to -90 hPa)]. In the second cluster, total soluble solids of the fruit and @entity62 increased irrespective of the cultivars. In the seventh cluster, in "Diana," only a slight increase was observed from -30 vs. -60 hPa (3.3 and 1.3%, respectively, for TSS and @entity62 ), whereas in "Kabiria," the increase was more pronounced (8.7 and 12.0%, respectively, for TSS and @entity62 ), and further reduction in matric potential from -60 to -90 hPa confirmed the linear increase for both parameters. Both @entity413 and @entity948 concentrations increased linearly in "Kabiria" fruits on decreasing the substrate matric potential, whereas in "Diana," there was no increase. It is feasible to act on matric potential irrigation set-points to control plant response in terms of fruit quality parameters. Precise control of substrate water status may offer the possibility to steer crop response by enhancing different crop-performance components, namely yield and fruit quality, in subirrigated @entity523 . Small-sized fruit varieties benefit more from controlled water stress in terms of reduced unmarketable yield loss and fruit quality improvements.

title: Tensiometer-Based Irrigation Management of Subirrigated Soilless XXXX : Effects of Substrate Matric Potential Control on Crop Performance.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: Hereditary diffuse @entity62 with axonal spheroids ( @entity14727 ) is a rare @entity74 caused by mutations within the @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ) gene. While a small number of reports on imaging findings in routine MRI exist, reported imaging findings in DWI and spectroscopy are scarce, and limited to not genetically proven case reports. We assessed MRI including DWI and MR spectroscopy in six @entity1 with @entity14727 and two asymptomatic mutation carriers. A total of 13 MRIs were evaluated and a score of the @entity62 ( @entity62 ) load was calculated. The course of @entity854 was followed for 6-19  months in four @entity1 and 95  months in one carrier. MRI revealed widespread white-matter lesions of patchy or confluent pattern especially in the frontal and occipital lobe. The pyramidal tract was less affected than the surrounding tissue in all symptomatic @entity1 on conventional T2WI. Three of four cases with DWI showed small dots of diffusion restriction within @entity62 . Spectroscopy showed increased levels of mIns, Cho and lactate while @entity14728 was decreased. Asymptomatic mutation carriers had, for the age of the @entity1 , unusually pronounced unspecific WMLs. No diffusion restriction or alterations in metabolite levels could be detected in asymptomatic mutation carriers. Microbleeds were not found in any @entity1 . Diffusion restriction seems to be a typical imaging pattern visible in @entity1 with active disease progression in @entity14727 . Spectroscopic findings and the absence of microbleeds differ clearly from reported findings in CADASIL and subcortical @entity75 . While the distribution and character of WMLs in asymptomatic cases remain unspecific they are likely to represent subclinical markers of @entity14727 .

title: Imaging features in conventional MRI, spectroscopy and diffusion weighted images of hereditary diffuse @entity62 with axonal spheroids ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['CSF1R', 'colony stimulating factor 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MR abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-matter lesion', 'WML', 'leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity14727 :: (MESH:C565634,Disease) :: ['HDLS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Facebook(  ) is changing the way @entity1 interact and socialize. Despite great interest in psychology and sociology, little is known about @entity146 in relation to physiological markers of stress. Given that the brain undergoes important development during adolescence and that glucocorticoids-a major class of stress hormones-are known to modulate its development, it is important to study psychosocial factors that may influence secretion of stress hormones during adolescence. The goal of the present study was to explore the associations between @entity146 (use frequency, network size, self-presentation and peer-interaction) and basal levels of @entity701 among adolescent @entity1 and @entity1 . Eighty-eight adolescents (41 @entity1 , 47 @entity1 ) aged between 12 and 17 (14.5  1.8) were recruited. @entity1 provided four @entity701 samples per day for two non-consecutive weekdays. @entity146 were assessed in accordance with the existing literature. Well-validated measures of perceived stress, perceived social support, self-esteem, and @entity308 were also included. A hierarchical regression showed that after controlling for sex, age, time of awakening, perceived stress, and perceived social support, @entity701 systemic output (area under the curve with respect to ground) was positively associated with the number of Facebook friends and negatively associated with Facebook peer-interaction. No associations were found among @entity308 , self-esteem, and @entity701 . These results provide preliminary evidence that @entity146 are associated with diurnal @entity701 concentrations in adolescents.

title: @entity146 associated with diurnal XXXX in adolescents: Is befriending stressful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'Participants', 'girls', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Facebook behaviors']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity656 remains a potentially life-threatening disease associated with @entity344 . Prokinetic agents may be useful to overcome these @entity1319 . In this study, we investigated the effect of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) on gastrointestinal motility in female @entity19 and evaluated the effect of tegaserod, a prokinetic @entity750 -4 (5HT4) receptor agonist. @entity656 was induced by feeding @entity19 a @entity1877 -deficient @entity10452 -supplemented diet during 72 h. In vivo intestinal motility was measured as the geometric centre (GC) of 25 glass beads 30-120-360 min after gavage. Colonic peristaltic activity was studied using a modified Trendelenburg set-up. @entity656 significantly decreased GC 30-120-360 min after bead gavage, associated with a significant increase of @entity10873 in the proximal small intestine and colon, but not in the stomach or distal small intestine. Tegaserod significantly ameliorated GC 360 min after bead gavage in control and @entity788 @entity19 . In isolated @entity694 , @entity656 significantly decreased the amplitude of peristaltic waves and increased the interval between peristaltic contractions. Tegaserod normalized the disturbed interval. In conclusion, @entity656 impairs gastric, small intestinal and colonic motility in @entity19 . Tegaserod improves @entity656 -induced @entity1319 in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a therapeutic benefit of prokinetic 5HT4 receptor agonists in the treatment of @entity788 -induced @entity2616 .

title: Experimental @entity788 disturbs @entity344 in XXXX : effect of the prokinetic agent tegaserod.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'ANP', 'acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility disturbances']

entities_list: @entity10452 :: ('MESH:D005001', 'Chemical') :: ['ethionine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic segments']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disturbances']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The cDNA coding for @entity19 @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) was transduced into the parental cells of a spontaneous @entity420 of BALB/c @entity19 ( @entity10319 -pc), and clones secreting small, medium, and large quantities of @entity1618 were selected. In vivo, both low and high producer clones do not display an enhanced ability to grow in H-2 and non-H-2 incompatible @entity19 . Instead, the intensity of their rejection increases in function of the amount of @entity1618 released. After an initial growth period in syngeneic @entity19 , high producer clones undergo complete rejection due to the combined action of CD8+ lymphocytes, NK cells, and neutrophils. After this rejection, @entity19 are immune to a subsequent challenge with @entity10319 -pc. This memory rests on a strong lytic activity of CD8+ CTL and granulocytes. Following the rejection, @entity19 also develop anti- @entity10319 Ab that guide the granulocytes in @entity10319 -pc memory reaction. A direct comparison shows that although @entity10319 clones engineered to release @entity2047 activate CTL and no anti- @entity10319 Ab, those engineered to release @entity58 activate a strong Ab response but not CTL. The kind of cytokine released by the @entity5 appears to determine the type of response. However, @entity1618 high producer cells do not deviate the immune memory, neither toward a @entity630 nor a @entity61 . Both the CTL activity and the Ab responses induced by @entity1618 high producer cells are the strongest so far observed in the @entity10319 system.

title: Local release of XXXX by transfected @entity19 mammary @entity420 cells does not suppress but enhances antitumor reaction and elicits a strong cytotoxic lymphocyte and antibody-dependent immune memory.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of @entity684 -resistant @entity683 A (H1N1) pdm09 virus isolated from @entity1 in mainland China during the @entity683 season from September 2013 through March 2014, and provide guidance on which antiviral to be used for clinical treatment. METHODS: The all viruses collected from September 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014 were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network. A fluorescence-based assay was used to detect virus sensitivity to @entity689 inhibitors (NAIs). The hemagglutinin (HA) and @entity689 ( @entity689 ) gene of the @entity684 -resistant viruses were sequenced. RESULTS: A total of 24 (2.14  %) @entity683 A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses that were resistant to @entity684 were identified. These 24 viruses were isolated from 23 @entity1 and no epidemiological link among them could be identified. Except for one virus with the @entity20159 /Y mixture substitution, all the other 23 viruses had @entity15998 substitution in the @entity689 protein. Sequence analysis revealed that the @entity3689 substitutions in the HA protein of @entity683 A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses with @entity15998 substitution isolated from mainland China were similar to the viruses from clustered cases reported in the United States, and the @entity3689 substitutions in the @entity689 protein were similar to the viruses reported in Sapporo, Japan in 2013-2014. All of the @entity684 -resistant viruses in mainland China and Japan possessed additional substitutions @entity20160 , @entity20161 and @entity20162 in the @entity689 protein, while most (>89  %) resistant-viruses from the United States during the same period possess @entity20161 and @entity20162 and did not have the @entity20160 substitution. The @entity20160 substitution was also exist in most sensitive viruses during the same period in mainland China. The @entity3689 substitutions in both HA and @entity689 protein differed from the clustered cases from Australia reported in 2011 with additional substitutions. The drug-resistant @entity683 A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses were from @entity1 without any known NAIs medication history prior to sampling. CONCLUSIONS: During the @entity683 season from September 2013 through March 2014 in Mainland China, @entity684 -resistant @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were much more frequently detected than ever since the appearance of the virus in 2009.

title: Characteristics of @entity684 -resistant XXXX A (H1N1) pdm09 virus during the 2013-2014 @entity683 season in Mainland China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with resistant @entity101 (RH) are relatively frequently visited in specialized units of @entity101 . The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of target organ damage, @entity1144 and @entity209 in a cohort of @entity1 with RH consecutively included in the Register of Resistant @entity101 of the Spanish Society of @entity101 (SHE-LELHA). @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter epidemiologic study in usual clinical practice conditions. @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of resistant @entity101 , that is, office systolic and diastolic blood pressure >=  140 mm Hg and/or >=  90 mm Hg, respectively, despite a prescribed therapeutic schedule with an appropriate combination of three or more full-dose antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, were consecutively recruited from specialized @entity101 units spread through Spain. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics as well as cardiovascular risk factors and associated conditions were recorded, and all the subjects underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. @entity4346 was considered as a left ventricular mass index >=  125 g/m(2) in males and >=  110 g/m(2) in females. @entity4032 was defined as an indexed left atrium diameter >=  26 mm/m(2). Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin/ @entity1011 ratio >=  22 mg/g in males and >=  31 mg/g in females. RESULTS: 513 @entity1 were included, aged 64  11 years old, 47% @entity1 . @entity1144 was present in 65.7% (CI 95% 61.6-69.9), 38.6% (CI 95% 34.4-42.8) had @entity6 and 63.7% (CI 95% 59.4-67.9) had @entity209 . The prevalence of @entity4346 and left @entity1283 , determined by echocardiography was 57.1% (CI 95% 50.8-63.5) and 10.0% (CI 95% 6.3-13.7) respectively. Microalbuminuria was found in 46.6% (CI 95% 41.4-51.8) of the subjects. @entity1 with @entity209 were significantly older (65.4  11 and 62.5  12 years; P=.0052), presented a higher prevalence of @entity6 (52.0% vs. 16.6; P<.0001) and were treated more frequently with >=  4 antihypertensive drugs (65.1 vs. 50.0%, P=.011). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1144 , @entity209 and target organ damage is very high in resistant @entity101 subjects.

title: [Prevalence of target organ damage and @entity209 in resistant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity', 'Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Left atrial enlargement']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the embolization efficacy and treatment effectiveness of transarterial @entity1068 ablation ( @entity1041 ) versus those of chemoembolization and evaluate the correlation between embolization efficacy and treatment effectiveness of these treatments for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-controlled study was undertaken with 30 @entity1 in each group matched based on @entity1 -Pugh grade, @entity5 characteristics, and performance status. Primary endpoints were embolization efficacy (ie, @entity4831 retention within @entity5 at 2 months) and treatment effectiveness as evaluated by @entity5 response, disease progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The secondary endpoint was correlation between embolization efficacy and treatment effectiveness. RESULTS: @entity4831 retention was greater in the @entity1041 group (89.5% +/- 10.7% vs 47.5% +/- 21.2%; P < .0001). The @entity5 progression rate at 1 year was higher in the chemoembolization group (five of 30 vs zero of 30; P = .0261). One- and 2-year overall survival rates were higher in the @entity1041 group (93.3% and 80.0%, respectively, vs 73.3% and 43.3%, respectively; P = .0053). One- and 2-year extrahepatic disease progression rates were lower in the @entity1041 group (P = .0002). There were no differences in progression-free survival and intrahepatic disease progression rates at 1 and 2 years. @entity1 with greater @entity4831 retention (ie, >60%) had better treatment outcomes at 1 year than those with lesser retention, with higher overall survival rates (88.9% vs 66.7%; P = .0192), lower intrahepatic disease progression rates (25.6% vs 59.4%; P = .0169), lower extrahepatic disease progression rates (0.31% vs 35.5%; P = .0047), and higher progression-free survival rates (72.1% vs 36.3%; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: The embolization efficacy and treatment effectiveness of @entity1041 are probably superior to those of chemoembolization for @entity157 .

title: Embolization efficacy and treatment effectiveness of transarterial therapy for unresectable @entity157 : a case-controlled comparison of transarterial XXXX ablation with @entity4831 - @entity1068 mixture versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Although attempts to restore patency of occluded internal carotid arteries are now rarely made, endarterectomy in the contralateral artery, external carotid endarterectomy and until recently EC/IC bypass have remained surgical options in the management of such @entity1 . Over a four-year period at this institution 104 @entity1 underwent carotid endarterectomy for @entity850 . In this group the contralateral carotid was patent (Group A). Fifty-four @entity1 with unilateral carotid @entity432 underwent contralateral endarterectomy (Group B), 8 underwent ECA/ICA bypass (Group C) and 4 an ECA endarterectomy (Group D). No statistically significant difference was noted in perioperative @entity64 and @entity204 rates for Groups A and B were (1% and 1%) and (3.7% and 1.9%) respectively. One Group C @entity1 died from perioperative @entity64 (12.5%). For late events the life table adjusted annual rates for @entity64 and mortality were similar, Group A ( @entity64 2.1% and @entity204 5%), and Group B ( @entity64 1.6% and @entity204 5%). In Group C @entity64 rate was 10% and @entity204 3%. All four @entity1 undergoing ECA endarterectomy were relieved of their symptoms. It is concluded that in @entity1 with internal carotid @entity432 TEA may be performed with perioperative morbidity and mortality rates comparable to those when the opposite carotid artery is patent. The late outcome for @entity64 compares favorably with the reported natural history of the disease and outcome for such @entity1 treated medically in the Joint Study of @entity432 and EC-IC Bypass Study. External carotid artery endarterectomy appears useful in the treatment of embolic events on the occluded side. ECA/ICA bypass does not appear to confer benefit.

title: Management of internal carotid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'Extracranial Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has been shown in some articles that genetic and @entity854 cannot only be found in @entity5 tissues but also in adjacent regions that appear histologically normal. This phenomenon is metaphorically called field cancerization or field defect. Field cancerization is regarded as clinically significant because it is assumed to be an important factor in local recurrence of @entity5 . As the field showing these molecular abnormalities may not be removed completely by surgery, these changes might lead to @entity5 and subsequent transformation to a @entity5 . We aimed to investigate the applicability of the methylation status of six @entity5 suppressor genes as biomarkers for detecting field cancerization in @entity0 . METHODS: The promoter methylation status of @entity17946 , @entity2529 , @entity4191 , @entity21210 , @entity8724 and @entity15893 was determined by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis. MS-HRM methods for @entity17946 , @entity8724 and @entity15893 were developed in-house, primer sequences for @entity2529 , @entity4191 and @entity21210 have already been published. Biopsy samples were taken from @entity5 , @entity5 -adjacent and @entity5 -distant tissue from 17 @entity0 @entity1 . Normal breast tissues of four healthy @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: All MS-HRM methods proved to be very sensitive. LODs were in the range from 0.1 to 1.5  %, @entity21211 ranged from 0.3 to 5.3  %. A total of 94  %, 82  % and 65  % of the @entity5 showed methylation of @entity15893 , @entity21210 and @entity8724 promoters, respectively. The methylation status of these promoters was significantly lower in @entity5 -distant tissues than in @entity5 tissues. Tumor-adjacent tissues showed higher methylation status of @entity15893 , @entity21210 and @entity8724 promoters than @entity5 -distant tissues, indicating field cancerization. The methylation status of the @entity21210 promoter in @entity5 -adjacent tissues was found to correlate strongly with that in the corresponding @entity5 (r   =   0.785, p   <   0.001), but not with that in the corresponding @entity5 -distant tissues (r   =   0.312, p   =   0.239). CONCLUSIONS: Among the gene promoters investigated, the methylation status of the @entity21210 promoter can be considered the best suitable biomarker for detecting field cancerization. Further investigation is needed to test whether it can be used for defining surgical margins in order to prevent future recurrence of @entity0 .

title: Applicability of @entity21210 , XXXX and @entity15893 promoter methylation as biomarkers for detecting field cancerization in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['epigenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity8724 :: (4255,Gene) :: ['MGMT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgical therapy for @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ), the incidence and the management of recurrence, and to analyze the change in approach during 2 different periods. DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, and overall and disease-free survival were analyzed in a series of 72 consecutive @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection for @entity1419 . Several factors likely to influence survival after resection were evaluated. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the year of operation (before and after 1999). Management of recurrence and survival after recurrence were also analyzed. RESULTS: The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 62% and 48%, whereas the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 30% and 25%, respectively. The median survival time was 57.1 months. @entity1 and histologic characteristics before and after 1999 were similar. Survival was significantly better among @entity1 operated after 1999, who were node-negative, did not receive blood transfusion, and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The overall recurrence rates before and after 1999 were comparable (66.6% and 50%, P = 0.49). The most frequent site of recurrence was the liver. A significantly large number of @entity1 received treatment for recurrence after 1999 (81.5%) compared with the first period (8.3%). The overall 3-year survival rate after recurrence was 46%. After 1999, there was a significant improvement in 3-year survival after recurrence (56%) compared with @entity1 operated before 1999 (0%, P = 0.004); the median survival time from the diagnosis of recurrence increased from 20 months to 66 months in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: Although recurrence rate represents a frequent problem in @entity1419 , an @entity146 approach to recurrence can significantly prolong survival.

title: @entity1419 : primary liver resection and XXXX multimodal treatment of recurrence significantly prolong survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study is to compare rates of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity1 who receive @entity2120 prophylaxis compared with no @entity2120 prophylaxis after craniotomy for @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This retrospective cohort evaluated all @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a Level I @entity130 center from January 2006 to December 2011 who received craniotomy after acute @entity131 . @entity1 were excluded if developed @entity1211 before administration of @entity2120 or they died within the first 72 hours of hospital admission. A total of 271 @entity1 were included ( @entity2120 prophylaxis, n = 45; no @entity2120 prophylaxis, n = 225). The median time until @entity2120 initiation was 11    1 days. There was no significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 who developed a @entity1211 when using @entity2120 prophylaxis compared with no @entity2120 prophylaxis (2 vs 4%; P = 0.65). Rates of @entity1150 (2 vs 3%; P = 0.87) and @entity1151 (0 vs 1%; P = 0.99) were similar between treatment groups, respectively. Late @entity2120 prophylaxis did not demonstrate a protective effect for @entity1211 . Given the overall low event rate, the administration of pharmacologic prophylaxis against @entity1211 late in the treatment course may not be routinely warranted after craniotomy for acute @entity131 . Further investigation with early administration of @entity2120 is needed.

title: Late XXXX Prophylaxis after Craniotomy in Acute @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity0 is a prevalent form of the disease worldwide, particularly in regions with rigorous screening and disease awareness efforts. Although there is a common biology between node-negative and node-positive @entity0 , it is still important to specifically address risk assessment and predictive factors in node-negative @entity0 . The relative risks and benefits are more pronounced in these @entity1 , but there is no single prognostic factor available for deciding whether to administer chemotherapy and selecting the best adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. In the absence of universal predictive factors, the trend is to give chemotherapy to all @entity1 to ensure the highest possibility for cure. @entity5 grade is important in that it is predictive of risk over time, but lacks standardization. Adjuvant! Online, a web-based algorithm, is also used to guide treatment decisions. Recently, the @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) biomarkers have been used to determine disease risk and, consequently, determine whether or not chemotherapy is needed. However, the assay requires a fresh-frozen tissue sample, which is not always feasible. The oncotype DX   genomic assay has also been used to help prognosis estimation and treatment decisions. It is currently under evaluation in conjunction with the @entity2290 / @entity2289 assay in the Plan B trial. The question that remains in adjuvant chemotherapy today for @entity1 with node-negative disease is proper @entity1 selection. @entity0 does not automatically suggest a good prognosis, or the preclusion of chemotherapy benefits, and additional biomarkers are needed to help identify @entity1 who do benefit from chemotherapy.

title: A new look at node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Node-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4503 is often associated with lesions of the ascending aorta, which differ histologically from those in tricuspid valve @entity1 . We undertook proteomic analyses to assess differences at the proteome level. Aortic samples were collected from 20 @entity1 undergoing aortic valve and/or ascending aortic replacement; 9 had a bicuspid valve: 5 with @entity449 (diameter > 50 mm) and 4 without dilation; 11 had a tricuspid valve: 6 with @entity449 and 5 without dilation. @entity1 with histologically proven connective tissue disorders were excluded. Samples were dissected, solubilized, and subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gel patterns showed an average of 580 protein spots in samples from bicuspid valve @entity1 , and 564 spots in those with tricuspid valves. Comparative analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.93 for protein expression in the bicuspid valve group compared to the tricuspid group. Three protein spots were significantly over-expressed and 4 were significantly down-regulated in the bicuspid group compared to the tricuspid group. The lowest correlation in protein expression was between non-dilated aortic tissues. These differences between aortic tissues of bicuspid and tricuspid valve @entity1 suggest that mechanisms of aortic dilation might differ, at least in part, between such @entity1 .

title: Proteomics of ascending XXXX with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Lymphoscintigraphy is based upon the physiological transport of small radioactive particles injected into interstitium toward lymphatic vessels and nodes. Lymphoscintigraphy directly investigates lymphatic system while other methods (ultrasounds, CT, MRI) investigate tissular consequences of @entity3329 . The scintigraphic procedure has to be standardized in order to be reproducible. Lymphatic vessels, lymphatic nodes and interstitium are systematically analysed. Interpretation is visual and qualitative. @entity156 can be observed. However, none of them can consistently differentiate between primary and secondary @entity4269 . Differential diagnosis is usually obtained by taking together clinical and lymphoscintigraphic data. By providing informations about lymphatic component and physiopathology of @entity4 , lymphoscintigraphy contributes to the management of @entity4269 . Hybrid imaging is a new imaging modality of @entity4 . Recently used, it combines functional (scintigraphy) and anatomical (CT) data and seems to be able to provide further informations.

title: [Lymphoscintigraphic exploration in the limbs XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic disease']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple abnormalities']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['lymphatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activating germline mutations of the @entity8958 gene cause @entity13081 and @entity259 ( @entity259 ), conditions that are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In addition, somatic @entity8958 mutations have been identified in a variable proportion (about 30-70%) of sporadic (nonfamilial) @entity11166 cases. METHODS: We describe a Greek family with two novel likely pathogenic sequence variants of the @entity8958 gene. The first is a @entity23729 ( @entity23729 ) that causes an @entity369 to @entity462 substitution ( @entity23730 ) in exon 14 in the intracellular region of the kinase. This sequence variant was identified in an apparently healthy @entity1 who had a recently deceased sister with confirmed aggressive @entity11166 (age of onset 37 years). To assess the pathogenicity of this novel missense sequence variant, screening was performed on all available relatives: her two sons, the mother, and a second sister, including an @entity5 sample from the deceased sister of the proband. At the time of the investigation, no clinical symptoms suggestive of @entity13081 or @entity11166 were present in any of the individuals screened. RESULTS: The @entity23729 transition was found in one son, the living sister, and the mother. Interestingly, it was not present in the @entity5 sample from the deceased sister. Instead, an in-frame deletion of 54 nt in exon 10 resulting in a protein missing 18 @entity1522 from I590 to G608 ( @entity23731 ) was found. Both genetic alterations were present in heterozygous state. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the novel in-frame deletion was the disease-causing mutation in the deceased sister. The effect of the @entity23729 mutation on the activity of the kinase is under investigation.

title: Identification of two novel mutations in the XXXX proto-oncogene in the same family.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MTC tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2']

entities_list: @entity23729 :: ('c|SUB|C|2458|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['c.2458C>T', 'C to T transition at position 2458', '2458C>T']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['familial medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'FMTC']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity8958 :: (5979,Gene) :: ['RET']


abstract: During severe @entity295 there is dramatic activation of both contact proteases and the coagulation pathway. These processes contribute to the development of @entity1457 and disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) respectively. The Pittsburgh mutant of antitrypsin (358Met- @entity534 ) is a novel protease inhibitor with activity against both thrombin and the contact proteases and should therefore prove beneficial as a therapeutic agent in the management of @entity326 . This hypothesis was supported by an earlier study in a @entity1707 model where recombinant antitrypsin Pittsburgh ( @entity35 Pittsburgh) at a concentration of 1 microM alleviated some of the features of @entity1457 , but did not improve survival. In order to reduce the lethal effects of @entity526 @entity295 we postulated that a higher concentration of antitrypsin Pittsburgh would be necessary. To test this hypothesis we used @entity35 Pittsburgh in a primate model. This was chosen in preference to another species as @entity526 @entity295 in the primate has been well characterised and closely resembles the changes seen in @entity1 . Surprisingly this treatment did not alleviate the features of @entity1457 and unexpectedly appeared to exacerbate the associated @entity1003 . We propose two possible mechanisms for this unforeseen outcome. The first results from the broad spectrum of activity of antitrypsin Pittsburgh. As well as inhibiting thrombin and the contact proteases, the Pittsburgh mutant also inhibits activated protein C. Inhibition of the protein C system is known to exacerbate @entity326 . Secondly, a significant quantity of inactive antitrypsin Pittsburgh, cleaved at the reactive centre, was detected in the plasma of the treated animals. Proteolytically altered serpins, including antitrypsin. have been shown to enhance the inflammatory process. Therefore the accumulation of cleaved @entity35 Pittsburgh might be expected to exacerbate @entity326 .

title: Recombinant antitrypsin Pittsburgh undergoes proteolytic cleavage during @entity526 @entity295 and fails to prevent the associated XXXX in a primate model.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cancer cell lines are used extensively to study @entity5 biology and to test hypotheses in translational research. The relevance of cell lines is dependent on how closely they resemble the @entity5 being studied. Relating @entity5 and cell lines, and recognizing their similarities and differences are thus very important for translational research. Rapid advances in genomics have led to the generation of large volumes of genomic and transcriptomic data for a diverse set of primary @entity5 samples, normal tissue samples and @entity5 cell lines. @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide, with high occurrence in Asia and sub-Saharan regions. The current effective treatments of @entity157 remain limited. In this work, we compared the gene expression measurements of 200 @entity96 samples from The Cancer Genome @entity5 cell lines including 25 @entity5 cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We showed that the @entity96 samples correlate closely with @entity157 cell lines in comparison to cell lines derived from other @entity5 types. We further demonstrated that the most commonly used @entity157 cell lines resemble @entity96 , while we identified nearly half of the cell lines that do not resemble @entity5 . Interestingly, a substantial number of genes that are critical for disease development or drug response are either expressed at low levels or absent among highly correlated cell lines; additional attention should be paid to these genes in translational research. Our study will be used to guide the selection of @entity157 cell lines and pinpoint the specific genes that are differentially expressed in either @entity5 or cell lines.

title: Relating XXXX samples and cell lines using gene expression data in translational research.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Atlas and over 1000 cancer', 'cancer', 'HCC cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumor', 'HCC tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma tumor']


abstract: We evaluated the hypothesis that increased endogenous opioid activity mediates part or all of the left ventricular contractile and pump dysfunction previously demonstrated in @entity5828 -induced @entity209 . Eighteen Western newborn @entity742 were catheterized and instrumented; pacing wires were sutured to the right atrial appendage; a catheter mounted micromanometer pressure transducer was inserted into the left ventricle; and a 2.5 F thermistor was inserted into the distal abdominal aorta. The @entity742 were studied 3 days after surgery. @entity209 was produced with an infusion of 0.5 N @entity5828 into the inferior vena cava. Inhibition of endogenous opioids was achieved with a bolus of 2 mg/kg of intravenous @entity1510 , which was demonstrated to inhibit @entity1286 -induced @entity296 . The effects of opioid inhibition were contrasted with our previously published results after restoration of a normal arterial pH with intravenous @entity4388 . In agreement with our previous study, we found that reducing the arterial pH from 7.41 +/- 0.01 to 6.97 +/- 0.04 was associated with a 45% reduction in cardiac output which resulted from a 50% reduction in @entity64 volume. These changes in turn were mediated by a 35% reduction in the maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure and/or a 63% increase in systemic vascular resistance which we used to estimate contractility and afterload, respectively. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased during @entity2185 . Although opioid inhibition produced a consistent increase in the maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure, this increase was relatively small and was not associated with a significant change in cardiac output, @entity64 volume, or systemic vascular resistance.

title: Endogenous opioids do not mediate XXXX -induced @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidemia', 'Metabolic acidemia']

answer: @entity5828 :: (CHEBI:17883,Chemical) :: ['HCl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether reduced levels of circulating endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are secondary to an exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow or to reduced mobilization. BACKGROUND: Circulating EPCs presumably originate from bone marrow-derived HSC. Persistent mobilization of EPCs was shown to be associated with favorable left @entity1188 . METHODS: We assessed the number and functional capacity of EPCs in 17 healthy controls, 25 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), and 20 @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). To document an impairment of HSC function in the bone marrow, the colony-forming unit capacity of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and the number of @entity2280 + HSCs were examined in 6 healthy volunteers, 94 @entity296 @entity1 , and 25 @entity384 @entity1 . RESULTS: The number of EPCs was reduced in @entity712 , irrespective of its etiology. In contrast, the migratory capacity was selectively impaired in EPCs of @entity296 @entity1 (4.8 +/- 4.0 migrated cells; @entity384 9.7 +/- 5.8; p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, @entity296 , advanced New York Heart Association functional class, and @entity712 were independent predictors of functional EPC impairment. The number of bone marrow-derived @entity2280 + cells did not differ between the @entity712 populations. However, colony-forming units (CFUs) were selectively reduced in @entity296 @entity1 (54.4 +/- 24.6; @entity384 68.1 +/- 26.9; p < 0.02). @entity296 was the only independent predictor of impaired CFU capacity. Impaired CFU capacity was associated with reduced @entity1495 activity in the bone marrow plasma. CONCLUSIONS: @entity296 is associated with selective impairment of progenitor cell function in the bone marrow and in the peripheral blood, which may contribute to an unfavorable left ventricular (LV) remodeling process.

title: Selective functional exhaustion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow of XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'Ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular infarct remodeling processes']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the underlying molecular genetic basis, surgical management and phenotypic variation of @entity19771 ( @entity19771 ) identified in a four-generation Chinese family. METHODS: This is an interventional case series of 13 members from a non-consanguineous Chinese family. All @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmological examination and slit-lamp photography. Subsequent corneal transplantations were performed (n = 3). Blood samples were taken for DNA extraction and subsequent genetic analysis. RESULTS: Genotyping indicated linkage to the locus at chromosome 1p36. Screening of the @entity20284 gene identified a highly conserved mutation, @entity20285 . Phenotypic variation in this large pedigree is similar to that seen in Caucasian @entity1 . Surgical management of @entity1 with anterior lamellar keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty showed good visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity20285 mutation is described for the first time in a Chinese family. This is the largest non-Caucasian pedigree described with @entity19771 . Visual rehabilitation may be performed successfully with lamellar surgical procedures as opposed to full-thickness corneal grafts.

title: Surgical management and genetic analysis of a Chinese family with the @entity20285 mutation in the @entity20284 gene, the gene for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19771 :: ('MESH:C535475', 'Disease') :: ['Schnyder corneal dystrophy', 'SCD']

answer: @entity19771 :: (MESH:C535475,Disease) :: ['Schnyder corneal dystrophy']


abstract: @entity6788 ( @entity6788 ) presents as severe refractory @entity410 and requires early surgical treatment to prevent progression to @entity302 . Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are useful imaging techniques for the presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . However, the results in @entity6788 are variable and no study has compared SPECT and PET performed at around the same time. We performed SPECT and PET for nine @entity1 with @entity6788 , which was defined as a whole or part of affected hemisphere enlargement (three males, six females; age range 0.5-20 years). The ictal and interictal states were determined based on the presence or absence of clinical @entity410 during all PET examinations and majority of SPECT examinations. The perfusion pattern in the malformed hemisphere was increased or equal, despite the reduced @entity413 metabolism in six out of nine @entity1 . Five of the six @entity1 who underwent early surgical treatment showed this kind of perfusion/metabolism discrepancy. Importantly, even the non-affected hemisphere in early infantile cases already lacked the normal hypoperfusion and hypometabolism patterns of immature frontal lobes, which was most prominent in case with poor surgical prognosis. In all six surgical @entity1 , @entity302 appeared before 4 months of age. By contrast, none of the non-surgical @entity1 had @entity410 before 4 months of age. In conclusion, although the number of @entity1 examined is small and the result is still preliminary, the perfusion/metabolism discrepancy found in this study may show potential characteristic aspect of @entity6788 and further study with simultaneous EEG recording will make clear if this finding can be useful indicator for early surgical treatment in @entity6788 .

title: Unique discrepancy between cerebral blood flow and XXXX metabolism in @entity6788 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic epilepsy', 'epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['HME', 'Hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIMS: Information on the effectiveness of beta-blockade in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and concomitant @entity8 is scarce and beta-blockers are underutilized in these @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The Cockcroft-Gault formula normalized for body surface-area was used to estimate renal function ( @entity470 (BSA)) in 2622 @entity1 with @entity712 , left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35%, New York Heart Association class III/IV and serum @entity1011 <300 micromol/L (3.4 mg/dL) in the second @entity299 @entity2179 Study II. @entity1 were divided into four sub-groups according to baseline @entity470 (BSA) (<45, 45-60, 60-75 and > or =75 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)). Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for pre-specified confounders were used to assess the effect of @entity2179 and potential heterogeneity of effect across the @entity470 (BSA) sub-groups. Older age, female-sex, @entity6 and ischaemic-aetiology were more common in those with reduced @entity470 (BSA). The hazard associated with @entity2179 use for all-cause mortality, the composite of all-cause mortality or @entity712 -hospitalization and @entity712 -hospitalization alone was consistently <1.0 across @entity470 (BSA) categories with no treatment by renal-function interaction (P = 0.81, P = 0.66, P = 0.71, respectively). The rate of @entity2179 discontinuation was higher in @entity1 with @entity470 (BSA) < 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). Nevertheless the absolute benefit of @entity2179 was greater for @entity1 with @entity740 compared with those without. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effects of @entity2179 on mortality and hospitalization for worsening @entity712 were not modified by baseline @entity470 (BSA). @entity8 should not prevent the use of @entity2179 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Improved survival with @entity2179 in @entity1 with @entity712 and XXXX : an analysis of the @entity299 @entity2179 study II (CIBIS-II) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart-failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previously under-recognized subset of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) @entity1 with left ventricular (LV) apical @entity439 is being identified with increasing frequency. However, risks associated with this subgroup are unknown. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to clarify clinical course and prognosis of a large cohort of @entity1121 @entity1 with LV apical @entity439 over long-term follow-up. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 1,940 consecutive @entity1121 @entity1 at 2 centers, 93 of which (4.8%) were identified with LV apical @entity439 ; mean age was 56    13 years, and 69% were male. RESULTS: Over 4.4    3.2 years, 3 of the 93 @entity1 with LV apical @entity439 (3%) died suddenly or of @entity712 , but 22 (24%) survived with contemporary treatment interventions: 18 experienced appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges, 2 underwent heart transplants, and 2 were resuscitated after @entity1167 . The @entity944 event rate was 4.7%/year. Notably, recurrent monomorphic @entity1165 requiring  >= 2 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks occurred in 13 @entity1 , including 6 who underwent successful radiofrequency ablation of the arrhythmic focus without @entity1165 recurrence. Five non-anticoagulated @entity1 experienced nonfatal @entity1031 (1.1%/year), whereas 13 with apical clots and anticoagulation did not incur @entity887 . There was no consistent relationship between @entity439 size and adverse @entity1121 -related events. Rate of @entity1121 -related deaths combined with life-saving aborted disease-related events was 6.4%/year, 3-fold greater than the 2.0%/year event rate in 1,847 @entity1121  @entity1 without @entity439 (p  < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1121 @entity1 with LV apical @entity439 are at high risk for arrhythmic @entity944 and @entity1031 . Identification of this phenotype expands risk stratification and can lead to effective treatment  interventions for potentially life-threatening complications.

title: XXXX With Left  Ventricular Apical Aneurysm: Implications for Risk Stratification and Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of immunosuppressive therapy for @entity1 @entity2401 are controversial. The effects of a new immunosuppressant agent, @entity5101 ( @entity5252 ), on @entity35 with experimental @entity2401 (EAM), an animal model of @entity1 @entity2401 , were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lewis @entity35 were immunized with @entity299 in Freund's complete adjuvant on day 0. In the first experiment, the effective doses of @entity5252 required to prevent EAM were investigated. @entity35 were placed into one of five groups: the control group (A) was administered saline from days 1 to 10; group B, 0.3 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 ; group C, 1.0 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 ; group D, 3.0 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 , and group E, 10.0 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 . @entity35 were killed on day 28. The heart weight/body weight ratios of the @entity35 of groups D and E were significantly lower than that of the control group. Macroscopic and microscopic scores for @entity2401 decreased in groups D and E. In the next experiment, the effects of delayed administration of @entity5252 in preventing @entity2401 were studied. Two groups of @entity35 received 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 from days 6 to 15, respectively. Two other groups of @entity35 received the same doses of @entity5252 from days 11 to 20. No preventive effect of delayed @entity5252 treatment was observed. The effects of long-term, delayed initiation therapy then were evaluated. @entity35 were administered 10.0 mg/kg per day of @entity5252 from days 6 to 25. The heart weight/body weight ratio and macroscopic and microscopic scores of the @entity35 so treated significantly decreased compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that @entity5252 can prevent the development of @entity299 -induced @entity2401 .

title: Effects of @entity5101 on experimental XXXX of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myosin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis', 'myocarditis', 'giant cell myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['autoimmune giant cell myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1722 /neu status of @entity5 cells at metastatic sites in @entity1 with advanced disease may differ from that of the @entity5 . Assessing the presence of target antigens on circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) might affect treatment choice. @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 2007 to October 2008, we collected 23 mL of blood from each of the 76 consecutive @entity1 before and during chemotherapy to determine CTC numbers and @entity1722 overexpression. CTCs were isolated with the CellSearch System   (Veridex, LLC; Raritan, NJ) and fluorescently stained with the Epithelial Cell Kit  . Tumor Phenotyping Reagent   was used to investigate @entity1722 /neu overexpression. RESULTS: Concordance of @entity1722 status between the @entity5 and CTCs was 86% (49 out of 57 @entity1 ) at baseline and 82% (50 out of 61 @entity1 ) in the treatment samples. @entity1722 overexpression in CTCs was acquired in 8 out of 45 @entity1 (18%) and lost in 3 out of 16 @entity1 (19%) during a treatment containing trastuzumab. The overall discordance rate between the @entity5 and CTCs was 18% (11 out of 61 @entity1 ). @entity1 with @entity1722 overexpression in CTCs had poorer progression-free survival compared with those without CTCs or with @entity1722 - CTCs (log-rank P =.036). CONCLUSION: Information on the presence or absence of @entity1722 overexpression can be obtained in CTCs. Larger trials are needed to evaluate the activity of @entity1722 -targeted therapy in @entity1 with acquired @entity1722 overexpression in CTCs.

title: Changes of @entity1722 status in circulating XXXX cells compared with the @entity5 during treatment for advanced breast cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity1 over the age of 45 present with thicker, more advanced @entity320 than younger @entity1 . A randomised trial was conducted in this group to evaluate whether an educational brochure would increase knowledge about @entity320 and the ability to recognise and discriminate between @entity272 . @entity1 in an industrial complex were allocated to an intervention group (n = 110) and two control groups (n = 96 and n = 108). The intervention group was given two educational brochures about @entity320 . Their effect on knowledge and ability to detect @entity66 was assessed by a questionnaire and a self-examination body chart given before the brochure, and at four weeks and three months after return of the brochure. The control groups did not receive any educational material, but control group 2 received the questionnaire and chart. At the end of the study all @entity1 were examined for @entity66 by doctors, whose counts were compared with those of the @entity1 . There was a significant (19.8 per cent) increase in knowledge about @entity320 in the intervention group (but not in the control groups), except for discrimination of photos of benign and malignant lesions. The educational material did not improve the ability of those in the intervention group to recognise and count their @entity66 nor to discriminate between benign and @entity66 . The increased knowledge about @entity320 was retained for at least three months.

title: The effect of an educational brochure on knowledge and early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions', 'malignant pigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented skin lesions']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) gene-null @entity1 @entity320 @entity468 cells display lower reactivity with anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies (mAb) following transfection with a wild-type @entity19 @entity8042 -mu gene (referred to as @entity468 C cells) than following transfection with a wild-type @entity1 @entity2262 gene (referred to as @entity468 H cells). Furthermore, binding assays with a panel of anti-HLA class I mAb detected higher reactivity of @entity468 C cells with mAb TP25.99 than with mAb @entity18684 -S63, CR10-215, CR11-115, TP67, and @entity19 but similar reactivity of @entity468 H cells with all the mAb tested. While mAb TP25.99 recognizes a determinant expressed on @entity8042 -mu-free and @entity8042 -mu-associated HLA class I heavy chains, the remaining mAb recognize determinants expressed only on @entity8042 -mu-associated HLA class I heavy chains. The differential effects of @entity19 and @entity1 @entity2262 on the reactivity with anti-HLA class I mAb of @entity468 cells reflect more than one mechanism. Besides abnormalities in the processing of HLA class I heavy chains associated with @entity19 @entity8042 -mu, this molecular complex appears to be unstable on the plasma membrane of @entity468 cells. To analyze the interaction of @entity19 @entity8042 -mu with HLA-A and -B antigens, the HLA phenotype of @entity468 cells was determined, using a combination of isoelectric focusing analysis of antigens immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled cells with mAb to monomorphic determinants of HLA class I antigens, binding assays with a limited number of mAb recognizing HLA class I allospecificities, and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe typing. Although association with @entity19 @entity8042 -mu does not cause marked differences in the expression of HLA-A25 and -B8 antigens on the cell surface of @entity468 cells, it causes a selective reduction in the expression of determinants recognized by anti-HLA-A mAb F4/72 and VF19-LL67 and by anti-HLA class I mAb W6/32 on HLA-A25 allospecificities. The differential effect of the association with @entity19 @entity8042 -mu on the antigenic profile of HLA-A25 and -B8 antigens may reflect the different characteristics of the @entity1522 at residue 12, which interact with residue 33 of @entity8042 -mu. The latter residue is the only one to differ between @entity1 and @entity19 @entity8042 -mu in the stretch of @entity1522 interacting with the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of HLA class I heavy chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Differential effect of @entity1 and XXXX beta 2-microglobulin on the induction and the antigenic profile of endogenous HLA-A and -B antigens synthesized by beta 2-microglobulin gene-null @entity468 @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-mu', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Tumor molecular biology is an increasingly important consideration when choosing therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A number of potential biological markers are under active investigation in the hope that it will be possible to identify markers that assist in @entity1 selection for specific therapies. Distinguishing prognostic from predictive makers is crucial to the development of customized drug therapy. Some markers, such as mutations in the @entity669 kinase domain of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), are prognostic; @entity1 with @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 have prolonged survival compared with those with wild-type disease, regardless of the treatment received. Although @entity470 mutations are predictive of response to @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, they do not appear to be predictive of a differential effect on survival. Other @entity470 markers, such as protein expression or gene amplification, may be better predictors of a survival benefit from @entity470 TKI. @entity1722 expression status and @entity984 mutations provide additional information that may be useful in evaluating a @entity1 for @entity470 TKI therapy. Biological markers for chemosensitivity and resistance are also emerging. @entity1 with an elevated DNA repair capacity, evidenced by increased @entity5 expression of excision repair cross-complementing 1 or @entity2151 reductase subunit M1 messenger RNA, may benefit less from @entity900 and @entity136 , respectively, than from other agents. Increased levels of class III beta-tubulin are associated with @entity3907 -resistance, and @entity984 mutations have been associated with a lack of survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage @entity1149 . It is likely that in the future, clinicians will evaluate a panel of biological markers in order to customize therapy for individual @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Weighing XXXX biology in treatment decisions for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Many epidemiologic studies have disclosed that restricted fetal growth has been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in adulthood. We studied the relationship of intracellular @entity1760 [Mg2+]i in cord blood platelets to adipocytokine and birth size. The subjects were 20 @entity1 with small for gestational age (SGA) and 45 @entity1 with appropriate for gestational age (AGA). By using a fluorescent probe, we examined [Mg2+]i of platelets in the cord blood. Cord plasma insulin, @entity442 , ghrelin, @entity1254 , @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and leptin levels were determined with the use of ELISA. Mean [Mg2+]i was lower in the SGA than in the AGA groups (p < 0.001). @entity1254 and @entity442 were also lower in the SGA than in the AGA, whereas @entity2289 was higher in the SGA. [Mg2+]i was significantly correlated with birth weight, birth length, and @entity1254 . Birth weight was also correlated with cord plasma @entity442 , @entity1254 , and leptin. @entity1720 check index (QUICKI) was lower in the SGA group than in the AGA group. [Mg]i and @entity1254 were correlated with QUICKI in all subjects. [Mg]i, as well as leptin and @entity442 , reflect the extent of fetal growth. Decreased [Mg2+]i may be involved in the underlying processes to insulin resistance.

title: Intracellular @entity1760 and adipokines in umbilical cord plasma and XXXX birth size.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['Quantitative insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: A three months oral repeated dose @entity137 study was carried out in @entity235 at dosages of 300, 100, 30 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The following results were obtained. 1. There was no death of animals during administration at any dose levels. A few to all animals in all T-3761 treated groups complained of @entity158 at the time of extension of limbs. 2. Mild decrease of body weight was observed in 1 of the 10 animals at 300 mg/kg and 1 of the 8 animals at 100 mg/kg, respectively. 3. In urinalysis, crystals which seemed to be the test compound in the urinary sediment, were observed in 5 of the 10 animals at 300 mg/kg and 4 of the 8 animals at 100 mg/kg, respectively. 4. In blood biochemical examination, mild elevation of @entity20590 was observed in 1 of the 10 animals at 300 mg/kg. Increase of A/G ratio was observed in males at 300, 100 and 30 mg/kg, and females at all dose levels. 5. In macroscopic findings at necropsy, @entity4530 were observed at articular cartilage of shoulder, elbow, hip, and/or knee joints in all animals at 300 and 100 mg/kg, 7 of the 8 animals at 30 mg/kg and 1 of the 8 animals at 10 mg/kg. 6. No toxic dose level was less than 10 mg/kg/day in this study.

title: [Three months oral repeated dose @entity137 of T-3761 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blister and erosion']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Small case series of @entity1 with cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) managed by conservative treatment with hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of conservative treatment with HBO therapy of CSA @entity1 . SETTING: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan. METHODS: This study included 10 @entity1 with CSA who underwent rehabilitation, including cervical traction and muscle exercise, for some period of time but did not respond well to it, and were then managed by additional HBO therapy for rehabilitation. Information was obtained on the duration of symptoms and strength of the most @entity121 , intramedullary high-signal-intensity changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, presence of 'snake-eyes' appearance and the number of stenotic canal levels. RESULTS: The mean duration of symptoms before HBO treatment was 3.1 months. The axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of all 10 @entity1 showed @entity735 ' appearance. The mean number of stenotic canal levels was 0.3. There was marked improvement on manual muscle testing from a mean of 1.9 pretreatment to a mean of 4.4 at the last follow-up after HBO therapy. The outcomes of all 10 @entity1 , whose results were classified as excellent or good, were considered clinically satisfactory. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, conservative treatment with HBO therapy for CSA @entity1 has not previously been described. It appears that HBO therapy might improve @entity63 of the anterior horns in CSA @entity1 with short duration of symptoms.

title: Conservative treatment with hyperbaric XXXX therapy for cervical spondylotic amyotrophy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ["a 'snake-eyes"]

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic muscle']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Unlike traditional inotropic agents, @entity6759 is thought to have a lower potential to induce @entity943 because it does not increase intracellular @entity460 levels and myocardial @entity26 consumption. We compared the potential effect of @entity6759 and @entity452 to induce @entity943 in @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 . STUDY DESIGN: Fifty @entity1 with acute decompensated @entity712 (NYHA class III-IV, ejection fraction <35%) who were in need of inotropic support were randomized to @entity452 (n=25; mean age 69  10 years) or @entity6759 (n=25; mean age 67.5  11.5 years) and underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring before and during inotropic infusion. Holter recordings were analyzed with respect to heart rate (HR), @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), couplets of @entity1540 , supraventricular premature contraction (SVPC), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). RESULTS: Before infusions, the two groups were similar with respect to HR, @entity1540 , couplets of @entity1540 , SVPC, and @entity955 episodes, but the number of @entity1165 episodes was significantly higher in the @entity6759 group. Heart rate and the number of VPCs increased significantly during infusions of @entity6759 (p=0.036 and p<0.001, respectively) and @entity452 (for both p<0.001). Increase in couplets of @entity1540 was significant only with @entity452 (p=0.012). The episodes of @entity1165 and @entity955 increased with @entity6759 , without reaching significance. @entity6759 and @entity452 groups were similar in terms of percentage changes in @entity943 (55  224% vs. 11  16% for @entity1540 ; 2  2.7% vs. 12  9% for couplets of @entity1540 ; 3.4  5.8% vs. 16  39% for SVPC, 0.4  2.8% vs. -2  0% for @entity1165 ) and percentage change in total @entity943 (41  190% vs. 18  35.4%), and the mean HR, @entity1540 , couplets of @entity1540 , SVPC, and episodes of @entity1165 and @entity955 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity6759 and @entity452 have a similar profile for potential risk for @entity943 .

title: [ @entity6759 and @entity452 have a similar profile for potential risk for @entity943 during 24-hour infusion in XXXX with acute decompensated @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['NSVT', 'nonsustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['Levosimendan', 'levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature contraction', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the feasibility of ambulatory surgery in the treatment of @entity1067 using radio frequency (TUNA) and evaluate its place in terms of efficiency among other minimally invasive surgical techniques. METHOD: Fifty-four @entity1 suffering from @entity1067 and for whom medical treatment was ineffective, were treated with radio frequency between September 2004 and June 2007. Among them, 28 @entity1 , whose average age was 65.8 (aged 52-82), were selected for Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA) as outpatients. Urine status was assessed before and after TUNA treatment using the International Prostate Score System, the Quality Of Life-score to urinary symptoms, the measures of the maximal flow rate and of the residual urine. The erectile function was assessed using the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). RESULTS: With an average regression of 12.14 months, a significant improvement in urine status was observed with an average IPSS score passing from 22.4 to 9.75 and an average quality of life score passing from 4.9 to 1.9. The maximum flow rate and average flow volume increased significantly from 8.66 to 14.6 ml/s and from 202 to 248.4 ml respectively. Average urine residue was reduced from 177.4 to 112.2 ml (p<0.05). The IIEF-5 score did not increase significantly (14.1 versus 12.8). There were no cases of @entity1 being rehospitalised. One case of @entity1069 and six cases of acute urinary retention were observed at the postoperative stage. The rate of retreat was 21.4%. CONCLUSION: TUNA treatment is a minimally invasive technique of @entity1067 which can be carried out in ambulatory surgery and which is effective for urinary symptoms with little risk of morbidity. It is an alternative to medical treatment and does not replace planned surgical treatment.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by radiofrequency (TUNA): a monocentric study of 28 cases treated in ambulatory surgery].

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The influence of @entity12504 ( @entity3952 ) on complexing of @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) with egg yolk @entity2434 (EYPC) was evaluated. Without the use of additional detergent such as @entity658 , @entity3952 facilitates formation of a single complex of unique stoichiometry, approx. 76:2:20, molar ratio EYPC/ @entity1675 / @entity3952 , and mean size 7.4 nm with round to ellipsoidal morphology. Near complete reassembly of @entity1675 into the complex occurs when the stoichiometry of the mixture approximates that of the complex itself. With increasing content of EYPC in the mixture, the same complex is formed but in decreasing yield; larger complexes are not formed. The rate of complex formation decreases with increase of EYPC in the mixture. Reduction of pH in the reassembly mixture from 8.0 to 5.4 results in a marked reduction in complex formation indicating that ionized @entity3952 facilitates lipidation. Removal of @entity3952 by interaction of the complex with @entity844 -free human serum albumin does not degrade the complex. Incorporation of increasing amounts of unesterified @entity165 into the EYPC-sonicate progressively inhibits @entity3952 -facilitated complex formation. This study shows that @entity3952 , a physiologically relevant lipolysis-derived product, facilitates reassembly of @entity1675 with EYPC and promotes formation of a small lipid-poor particle similar to that observed in nascent HDL and during in vivo or in vitro lipolysis of @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins in the presence of HDL.

title: @entity12504 -facilitated reassembly of XXXX with @entity2434 .

entities_list: @entity12504 :: ('MESH:C013173', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium oleate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apo A-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a @entity1 @entity2220 cell subline A549 that can stably express the Chinese Banna minipig inbred-line (BMI) alpha1 ,3-galactosyltransferase ( @entity6927 ) gene and alpha-galactosyl (Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R, alpha-gal) epitopic, providing a cell model which expressed xenotransplantation antigens for the further research on the effect of complement dependent cytotoxic lysis of the @entity5 cells triggered by human natural serum. METHODS: The pEGFP- @entity2834 -GT plasmid containing Banna minipig alpha1 ,3-GT gene was ransfected into A549 cells with lipofectin in vitro. After screened with G418,the single clones were got out and then amplified, the stable transfected cells was named A549-GT. The transcription of alpha1, 3-GT gene in A549-GT cells was detected by RT-PCR. Direct immunofluonrescence methods and flow cytometer were performed to observe the expression of alpha-gal and the binding conditions of IgM and @entity4417 in human serum on A549-GT cells. The biological characters of A549-GT cells including morphology, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in @entity19 were also examined. RESULTS: After G418 screening, A549-GT that stablely transfected with alpha1, 3-GT gene was obtained and has been passaged for 2 years. The expression of @entity22388 mRNA and alpha-gal was detected continuously and stably in A549-GT. The expression rate of alpha-gal positive cells reached 80.1% +/- 3.2%. The binding of human serum IgM and C3 in human serum on A549-GT cells were founded. Compared with parental A549 cells, its biological characteristics did not change. CONCLUSION: A549-GT cell line stably and continuously expressing alpha1, 3-GT and alpha-gal was established successfully. It provided a useful cell model for the further study of @entity1707 @entity22388 gene in @entity5 immunotherapy.

title: [Establishment and identification of @entity1 @entity2220 cell line stably expressing the alpha1, 3-galaetosyltransferase gene from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']