abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Joint National Committee (JNC) on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure recommended beta-blockers and @entity2740 diuretics as the drugs of first choice for the initial treatment of @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the JNC guidelines were used by Maine physicians when initiating monotherapy for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity101 . METHODS: The Maine Medicaid database for 1997 through 2000 was searched using diagnostic codes and prescription data for the classes of drugs used to initiate monotherapy in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity101 who were followed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 6246 @entity1 were included in the study. In 1997 (n = 1339), there was a fairly equal distribution between the use of beta-blockers (22.6%), diuretics (23.9%), @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors (22.9%), and @entity460 channel blockers (18.3%). In 2000 (n = 964), beta-blockers (27.2%), diuretics (25.0%), and @entity1289 inhibitors (26.5%) were used more often than @entity460 channel blockers (10.9%), but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference between @entity1 and @entity1 in any treatment group, and only diuretic use increased with age, but even this difference was not significant. In 1997, @entity1289 inhibitors (30.1%) were prescribed more frequently than beta-blockers (24.7%), diuretics (7.8%), or @entity460 channel blockers (24.1%) to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity101 and @entity712 (n = 166), although the differences were not significant. In 2000, this group of @entity1 (n = 297) received more diuretics (56.6%) than beta-blockers (16.2%) or @entity1289 inhibitors (21.5%); @entity460 channel blockers were no longer used. The differences were not significant. In 1997, @entity1289 inhibitors (51.2%) were prescribed more frequently than beta-blockers (10.0%), diuretics (32.1%), or @entity460 channel blockers (4.0%) to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity101 and @entity6 (n = 299). In 2000, this group of @entity1 (n = 295) again received more @entity1289 inhibitors (66.1%) than beta-blockers (13.9%) or diuretics (14.9%); @entity460 channel blockers were no longer used. Again, these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of @entity460 channel blockers as initial monotherapy for @entity101 appears to have declined among Medicaid recipients in Maine since 1997, @entity1289 inhibitors are still frequently prescribed for this purpose, especially among @entity1 who have @entity101 and @entity712 . These changes in drug utilization appear to reflect influence by the published JNC guidelines. However, there was still a large range of initial therapy across all drug classes not justified by published guidelines or outcome studies.

title: Changing patterns of initial drug therapy for the treatment of XXXX in a Medicaid population, 1997-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity7594 epidemica (NE) in Scandinavia is a zoonosis caused by @entity9672 . The main animal reservoir is the bank vole. NE predominantly affects @entity1 . Its annual incidence varies in a cyclic fashion, with peaks occurring every third to fourth year. The clinical picture of NE in Scandinavia is similar to that of @entity7593 with @entity8 in other parts of the world, although NE generally has a milder course. The case-fatality rate is approximately 0.2%. The most common clinical findings in NE are an acute onset of symptoms, @entity221 (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C), @entity1458 , @entity10 , @entity615 , and @entity2011 . @entity548 manifestations are seen in about one-third of cases, and up to 5% of @entity1 have @entity360 or disseminated @entity5642 . @entity882 occurs in a majority of @entity1 . In the acute phase, the glomerular filtration rate is markedly @entity4434 is evident. Most @entity1 with NE recover within 6 months.

title: @entity7594 epidemica ( XXXX with @entity8 ) in Scandinavia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7594 :: ('MESH:D006480', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9672 :: ('11604', 'Species') :: ['Puumala virus']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['decreased and tubular dysfunction']

answer: @entity7593 :: (MESH:D006478,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) is an important means of cell protection during physiologic stress such as occurs during @entity731 . Immune responses are early events in @entity731 , with recent studies indicating that both humoral and cellular autoimmune processes in @entity731 are directed toward HSPs. Dendritic cells are the key cells in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. This study examined whether @entity2285 is overexpressed by dendritic cells in @entity731 . METHODS: Twenty-six carotid artery and 16 aortic specimens obtained at endarterectomy and aortic reconstruction were examined with immunohistochemical techniques. The nature of cells that overexpressed @entity2285 was studied in consecutive sections that were double stained with antibodies to @entity2285 and cell type-specific markers, including @entity4896 and fascin (to identify dendritic cells), @entity5750 (monocytes), @entity469 (macrophages), CD3 (T cells), @entity5824 (mast cells), @entity2880 factor (endothelial cells), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (smooth muscle cells). Staining with HLA-DR and @entity10379 was used to identify cells involved in antigen presentation. RESULTS: In advanced @entity731 , several cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and smooth muscle cells, overexpressed @entity2285 . In contrast, in early @entity731 , only dendritic cells overexpressed @entity2285 . Dendritic cells that overexpressed @entity2285 frequently contacted T cells and also expressed HLA-DR. Furthermore, dendritic cells that clustered with T cells expressed @entity10379 , a unique molecule responsible for presenting lipid antigens. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that direct contacts between activated dendritic cells that overexpress @entity2285 and T cells might be responsible for T cell activation and might facilitate the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells directly within the arterial wall. In early intimal lesions, @entity2285 is overexpressed exclusively by dendritic cells, which suggests that dendritic cells might be involved in the early phases of @entity731 .

title: Expression of @entity1457 protein-70 by dendritic cells in the arterial intima and its potential significance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willibrand']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This follow-up RCT was conducted to evaluate @entity1155 retention after finishing a structured training program. In a first study, 80 gynecologists were randomly allocated to four groups to follow different training programs for @entity735 ( @entity43113 ) with the dominant hand ( @entity43113 -a) and the non-dominant hand ( @entity43113 -b) and laparoscopic intra-corporeal knot tying ( @entity26686 ) in the Laparoscopic Skills Testing and Training (LASTT) model. First, baseline skills were tested (T1). Then, @entity1 trained @entity43113 , G2: 1-a only, G3 and G4: none) and then @entity26686 (all groups but G4). After training all groups were tested again to evaluate skills acquisition (T2). For this study, 2  years after a resting period, 73 @entity1 were recruited and tested again to evaluate skills retention (T3). All groups had comparable skills at T1 for all tasks. At T2, G1, G2, and G3 improved their skills, but the level of improvement was different (G1 = G2 > G3 > G4 for @entity43113 ; G1 = G2 = G3 > G4 for @entity26686 ). At T3, all groups retained their @entity43113 skills at the same level than at T2. For @entity26686 , however, a skill decay was already noticed for @entity60161 the only group that retained their skills at the post-training level. Training improves laparoscopic skills, which can be retained over time depending on the comprehensiveness of the training program and on the complexity of the task. For high complexity tasks, full training is advisable for both skills acquisition and retention.

title: Retention of XXXX after a structured training program depends on the quality of the training and on the complexity of the task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hand-eye coordination']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic psychomotor skills']

answer: @entity1155 :: (MESH:D011596,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic psychomotor skills']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the extent of @entity717 among homeless @entity1 is very useful for policy-makers and mental health professionals who are involved in the delivery of community-based care. As there are few studies of this issue in Brazil or other developing countries, a cross-sectional study was carried out among homeless @entity1 from the Rio de Janeiro (RJ) metropolitan area. METHOD: Data were collected on a random sample of 330 residents in the five public hostels using the 21-items @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) and the Composite International Development Interview (CIDI). RESULTS: The mean age of the 330 @entity1 in the sample was 44.8, 75.8% of them were @entity1 , 78.9% were single, 79.2% unemployed. Ten percent of the 330 residents had more than five social behaviour problems, but 39.4% of them had no problem. Some 26.7% were scored as under-active, 23.0% with poor self-care, 13.3% with @entity73 , 12.7% with @entity6100 . Those with @entity161 were reported to have many more disabilities in almost all of the @entity6100 areas. On the other hand, @entity308 and hostility were more frequent in those with diagnoses of @entity308 and @entity734 . @entity1 were more likely to be reported as having disablement than @entity1 , explained by their greater prevalence rate of @entity161 . CONCLUSIONS: In this population, @entity717 was largely explained by those with @entity161 . Active treatment strategies are needed for this group. Other residents had few behaviour problems, their most pressing problems come from their poor social circumstances.

title: XXXX among residents of hostels for the homeless in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness and 11.8% inappropriate social mixing', 'Social Behaviour Scale', 'SBS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slowness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['social disablement']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Social disablement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of different analytical methods, baseline covariates, followup periods, and anchor questions when establishing a @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Second, to propose @entity1987 for improving and worsening on the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 272 @entity1 with knee @entity571 undergoing a multidisciplinary nonsurgical management strategy. The magnitude and rate of change as well as the influence of baseline covariates were examined for 5 KOOS subscales over 52 weeks. The @entity1987 for improving and worsening were investigated using 4 anchor-based methods. RESULTS: Waitlisted for joint replacement and exhibiting unilateral/bilateral symptoms influenced change in KOOS over time. Generally, low correlations between anchors and KOOS change scores limited calculations of @entity1987 ; thus, they were only proposed for the @entity158 , activities of daily living, and quality of life subscales. The method used to calculate the @entity1987 influenced the cutpoint; however, the type of anchor question only influenced the @entity1987 when analyzed with a particular mean change method. Depending on @entity1 and clinical characteristics, the subscale, and the analytical approach used, the @entity1987 for KOOS improvement ranged from an absolute change of -1.5 to 20.6 points and worsening ranged from -19.17 to 8.5 points. CONCLUSION: @entity1987 vary with @entity1 and clinical characteristics, KOOS subscale, and analytical approach. Provided the anchor question is relevant to the @entity1 -reported outcome and baseline status is considered, the anchor does not appear to influence the @entity1987 for improvement or worsening when using some anchor-based methods.

title: Examining the Minimal Important Difference of @entity1 -reported Outcome Measures for Individuals with @entity626 : A Model Using the XXXX and @entity571 Outcome Score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal important difference', 'MID']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['Knee Injury']


abstract: We examined the changes in lipoprotein, apoprotein, and @entity49 profile in postmenopausal @entity1 using a new cyclical sequential combined HRT regimen. The study medication consisted of two tablets of @entity62190 ( @entity10586 0.27 mg, @entity7042 1.4 mg and @entity53 0.6 mg), daily and @entity8098 (1 mg) BP (Shire Developments) for the last 12 days of every 28 day cycle. Serial fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study and, thereafter, at 3-monthly intervals for 1 year, each @entity1 acting as her own control. Thirty-five healthy postmenopausal @entity1 completed 1 year of follow-up and had a complete set of fasting blood samples. The lipid profile; total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL, LDL, @entity1675 , @entity3294 , @entity755 and @entity3452 , as well as the coagulation parameters; @entity2002 , protein C and protein S, were measured at each occasion. There was a statistically significant drop in total @entity165 and LDL levels. @entity3452 level dropped after commencing treatment and remained below baseline for the rest of the study. The initial increase in @entity3294 was not maintained for the duration of the treatment. The changes in @entity3452 and @entity3294 were not statistically significant. The level of protein S dropped significantly throughout the study. The changes in other coagulation factors were not statistically significant. The effect of this hormonal combination on the lipid parameters is favourable, and although the change in protein S is striking, its clinical significance remains unclear.

title: Effect of a new cyclical sequential postmenopausal HRT on lipoprotein, apoprotein and XXXX profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['antithrombin III, factor VII, fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: The goal of the research was evaluation how, and to what degree the use of restraint in @entity146 hospitals was changed between 1989 and 1996. Two month observations of the 11 @entity146 wards of Warsaw @entity146 hospitals were conducted. Researchers used special questionnaire to account for all of the cases of restraint. The first research of this sort was performed in 1989, the second--in 1996. Each of the observed wards was described in terms of its conditions, equipment, personnel, the local customs and population of @entity1 (T. @entity8400  czak's questionnaire was used here); global level of pathology was described with the shortened version of Kellam's form. The most important difference between the characteristics of using restraint in 1996 and 1989 is the average time of remaining in restraint: it became distinctly shorter. The percentage of restraint grew after the act was issued but less @entity1 were restrained. More often than in 1989 aggressive behaviour was the reason for restraining @entity1 . The research clearly states that the practice of restraint was evidently modified and the freedom of its use limited. The main causes are probably the introduction of the Mental Health Act and the changes in the observed wards.

title: [The use of the restraint in Warsaw XXXX hospitals before and after the introduction of the Mental Health Act].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: AIM: Size and sessile morphology of an @entity652 may explain why colonoscopy is less effective in preventing proximal @entity694 . To determine if advanced polypoid @entity5 [APN= @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 or early @entity420 ] are more likely to be sessile and/or smaller in the proximal colon. METHOD: We searched our institution's pathology database from 2004-2012 and identified @entity1 with APNs. @entity1127 were categorized by size, morphology and location in the colon. Average polyp size and morphology were determined for each location. RESULTS: During the study period, 564 subjects with APNs were identified. Of these subjects, @entity420 was noted in 21.6% and high-grade @entity1141 in 78.4%. The average @entity1 age was 64.4 years and 54.9% were male. The proportion of APNs that were  <= 5 mm were 1.7%,  <= 10 mm were 19.3%, and  <= 15 mm were 39%. APNs in the proximal colon were larger than those in the distal colon, but the difference was not statistically significant [27 mm versus 24 mm; p=0.06]. Eighty-three percent of APNs in the proximal colon were sessile versus 57% in the distal colon [p=0.001]. APNs in the proximal colon were almost 4-times more likely to be sessile than in the distal colon [OR=3.7]. A similar association was noted for @entity1127  <= 20 mm or @entity1127 with high-grade @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: APNs in the proximal colon were almost four-times more likely to be sessile compared with those in the distal colon. No difference in size of @entity1127 was noted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity652 with high grade dysplasia and early XXXX are more likely to be sessile in the proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess a protocol of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for selected @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1161 consisted of 1.8 Gy per fraction administered twice daily with a minimum gap between fractions of 6 h. The treatment protocol prescribed an initial 16 fractions followed by a planned 5 to 12 day break, and then a further 20 to 22 fractions for a total dose ranging from 64.8 to 72 Gy delivered in 5 to 6 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 received @entity1161 for histologically confirmed @entity135 between January 1987 and August 1991. All @entity1 were followed up until December 1, 1993. The mean potential follow-up time was 4.2 years (range: 2.9-6.2 years). All @entity1 completed the treatment protocol. Thirteen @entity5 were laryngeal in origin, eight hypopharyngeal, four paranasal sinus, and three oropharyngeal. There were no Stage I, three Stage II, nine Stage III, and 12 Stage IV @entity5 . Four @entity5 were not staged (two @entity13382 and two surgical recurrences). Early and late @entity137 were moderate to severe. Confluent @entity33 was experienced by 27 of the 28 @entity1 (96%). One @entity1 required a prolonged midtreatment break of 24 days. Nine @entity1 (32%) required narcotic analgesia for @entity158 relief. Eleven @entity1 (39%) required hospitalization for nasogastric feeding or @entity158 control. The median length of hospital stay was 14 days (range 7-98 days). The actuarial rate of severe late @entity137 at 3 years was 47% ( @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) = 13%). A complete @entity5 response was achieved in 86% of @entity1 . The actuarial local control rate at 3 years was 43% ( @entity2246 = 11%) and the actuarial survival rate at 3 years was 25% ( @entity2246 = 8%). CONCLUSION: Given the encouraging complete response rate and local control for such advanced @entity5 , @entity1161 for locoregionally advanced @entity5 merits further investigation. However, because of the significant late @entity137 observed, the total dose, interfraction interval, and fractionation technique used should be reconsidered.

title: Split-course accelerated therapy in @entity135 : an analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['split-course accelerated radiation therapy', 'SCAT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13382 :: ('MESH:D010255', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus cancers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The aim of this study was to synthesize and present the latest available evidence regarding the use of @entity2931 antagonists as empiric medical therapy for @entity4810 with oligo and/or asthenoteratozoospermia through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Systematic literature acquisition was done for English and other foreign language biomedical databases up to March, 2013. RCTs relevant to the topic were identified and critically appraised independently by two physician reviewers. Dichotomous data of pregnancy rate and adverse events were extracted for calculation of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Effect estimates were pooled using Peto method with fixed effect model. The continuous data of semen and endocrine parameters were calculated for the mean difference between pre- and post-treatment effects, the @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and SD between the control and intervention group were determined and pooled using the random effects model. Inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline for meta-analysis reporting was followed. Eleven RCTs of good methodological quality were included for meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimates showed that @entity2931 antagonists use was associated with a statistically significant increased pregnancy rate compared with controls (pooled OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.47-3.94; p  =  0.0004). Significant increase in sperm concentration ( @entity353 5.24; 95% CI 2.12, 88.37; p  =  0.001) and per cent sperm motility ( @entity353 4.55; 95% CI 0.73, 8.37; p  =  0.03) were also noted. While significant elevation of serum follicle stimulating hormone ( @entity353 4.19 95% CI 2.05, 6.34; p  =  0.0001) and @entity251 ( @entity353 54.59; 95% CI 15.92, 93.27; p  =  0.006) was associated with its use. No significant difference in adverse event was noted between @entity2931 antagonists-treated group and controls. The evidence suggests that @entity2931 antagonists as empiric medical therapy for @entity4810 with low non-serious adverse event associated, may increase spontaneous pregnancy rate, improve sperm concentration and per cent sperm motility.

title: Revisiting XXXX antagonists (clomiphene or tamoxifen) as medical empiric therapy for @entity4810 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic male infertility']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of arteriotomy closure devices (CDs) to achieve hemostasis after femoral artery access in percutaneous coronary intervention is steadily increasing. However, the safety information with these devices in the era of triple antiplatelet therapy is limited. METHODS: We reviewed prospectively collected data from the Do Tirofiban and ReoPro Give Similar Efficacy Outcomes Trial (TARGET), where all @entity1 received @entity117 , @entity1397 , and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy. At the treating physician's discretion, manual compression (MC) or a vascular hemostasis device was selected following femoral angiography. @entity1 receiving MC were to have sheaths removed 2 to 6 hours postprocedure when the activated clotting time was < or = 175 seconds. RESULTS: Of 4809 @entity1 , 4736 had femoral access, and 985 of these had a @entity1050 (Perclose 47%, Angio-Seal 43%, VasoSeal 5%, and other 5%). The MC and @entity1050 groups were similar regarding most demographic characteristics, including age, systolic blood pressure, and weight, but those with MC were more often female, @entity6 , and had history of @entity1095 . @entity1 with a @entity1050 had a lower ischemic event rate suggesting they were a lower risk cohort overall. There were no differences in major @entity548 at the access site (0.4% vs 0.5%, P =.588), minor @entity548 at the access site (1.9% vs. 3.1%, P =.142) or transfusions (0.8% vs 1.0%, P =.513) between the MC and @entity1050 groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention practice, with appropriate @entity1 selection, a @entity1050 can be safely utilized despite aggressive polypharmacy for procedural anticoagulation.

title: Triple antiplatelet therapy does not increase femoral access XXXX with vascular closure devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) is now being used as a smoking cessation aid during pregnancy, although little is known about fetal safety. We assessed the relationship between early pregnancy exposure to NRT or smoking with @entity154 ( @entity154 ) in offspring. METHODS: We studied 192   498 @entity1 born in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2012 with linked mother- @entity1 primary care records. The absolute risks of MCAs in the NRT group ( @entity1 prescribed NRT during the first trimester or 1 month before conception [and therefore likely consumed during the first trimester]) and odds ratios (ORs) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs) were compared with those of @entity1 who smoked during pregnancy and with a control group ( @entity1 who neither smoked nor were prescribed NRT); logistic regression models adjusted for maternal morbidities that increase @entity154 risk were used for analysis. RESULTS: @entity154 prevalence was 288 per 10   000 live births (5535 @entity1 with >= 1 @entity154 ). Maternal morbidities were most common in the NRT group (35%) followed by smokers (27%) and the control group (20%). Compared with the control group, adjusted ORs for MCAs in the NRT group and smokers were 1.12 (99% CI: 0.84-1.48) and 1.05 (99% CI: 0.89-1.23), respectively. The OR comparing the NRT group directly with smokers was 1.07 (99% CI: 0.78-1.47). There were no statistically significant associations between maternal NRT and system-specific anomalies except for @entity1576 (OR: 4.65 [99% CI: 1.76-12.25]; absolute risk difference: 3 per 1000 births), which was based on 10 exposed cases. CONCLUSIONS: For most system-specific MCAs, we found no statistically significant increased risks associated with maternal NRT prescribed during pregnancy, except for @entity1576 . Although this study is the largest published to date, NRT use in pregnancy remains rare; thus, the statistical power was limited. Higher morbidities in those @entity1 prescribed NRT may also be an explanatory factor. Nevertheless, absolute @entity154 risks were similar between @entity1 who smoked and those prescribed NRT during pregnancy.

title: @entity1239 Replacement Therapy in Pregnancy and Major XXXX in Offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major congenital anomalies', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anomalies']


abstract: Reversal of hemodynamic alterations induced by @entity1363 (1.0 mg/kg of body weight), @entity4763 (0.44 mg/kg), and @entity12691 (0.1 mg/kg) with @entity3160 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity5757 (0.25 mg/kg) was evaluated in 5 @entity235 . The @entity235 were anesthetized with @entity5161 for instrumentation. With return to consciousness, baseline values were recorded, and the @entity1363 / @entity4763 / @entity12691 mixture with @entity10445 was administered IV. Hemodynamic data were recorded for 60 minutes, and then a reversal mixture of @entity3160 and @entity5757 was administered IV. All variables were measured 1 minute from beginning of the reversal injection. Mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and right @entity64 work index increased significantly (P < 0.05) above baseline at 60 minutes. Cardiac index and central venous pressure significantly decreased below baseline at 60 minutes. After reversal, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure significantly decreased from baseline, whereas cardiac index, pulmonary arterial pressure, and right @entity64 work index increased significantly above baseline. Heart rate, cardiac index, and right @entity64 work index increased significantly above the 60-minute value after reversal. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly (P < 0.05) below the 60-minute value after reversal. The hemodynamic alterations accompanying @entity1363 / @entity4763 / @entity12691 sedation-anesthesia may be rapidly reversed with a combination of @entity3160 and @entity5757 .

title: @entity3160 / XXXX antagonism of hemodynamic alterations induced by a combination of @entity1363 , @entity4763 , and @entity12691 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'butorphanol tartrate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'xylazine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam maleate', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity5757 :: (MESH:D005442,Chemical) :: ['flumazenil']


abstract: A cDNA encoding a membrane-associated complement (C) regulatory protein was identified here for the first time in an oviparous vertebrate, @entity1573 . This protein, named @entity57996 , possessed five short consensus repeats (SCRs) and one SCR-like domain followed by a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. SCR1/ @entity36326 of @entity57996 were 43.6% identical with @entity36326 / @entity57997 of @entity1 decay-accelerating factor ( @entity9819 ), and @entity57997 /SCR4 were 45.3% identical with those of @entity1 membrane cofactor protein ( @entity806 ). @entity57996 is likely to be an ancestral hybrid protein of @entity1 decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein rather than a homolog of rodent C receptor 1-related protein y, which structurally resembles @entity1 @entity3432 ( @entity3432 ). @entity3569 ovary cells transfected with @entity57996 were efficiently protected from @entity1573 C but not from @entity1 or @entity95 C in both classical and alternative pathways. Thus, @entity1573 @entity57996 is a membrane C regulator for cell protection against homologous C. @entity57996 mRNA was seen as a doublet comprised of a faint band of 2.2 kb and a thick band of 3.0 kb on RNA blotting analysis. An Ab against @entity1573 @entity57996 recognized a single band of 46.8 kDa on immunoblotting. mRNA and protein of @entity57996 were ubiquitously expressed in all @entity1573 organs tested. Minute amounts of dimer were present in some tissues. Surface expression of @entity57996 was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. These results suggested that even in nonmammals a C regulatory membrane protein with ubiquitous tissue distribution should be a prerequisite for protection of host cells from homologous C attack.

title: A novel XXXX membrane-associated complement regulatory protein: molecular cloning and functional characterization.

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Activated glia play a major role in mediating behavioral hypersensitive state following peripheral @entity32 . Electroacupuncture is well known to relieve persistent @entity158 . The present study was undertaken to examine whether @entity17037 , a glial metabolic inhibitor, could synergize electroacupuncture antagonizing thermal @entity1931 and mechanical @entity1931 evoked by @entity32 . Monoarthritis of @entity35 ankle joint was induced by an intra-articular injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant ( @entity3795 ). The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) from a thermal stimulus and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) from von Frey hairs were measured in awake @entity35 . Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of 1 nmol @entity17037 markedly suppressed monoarthritis-induced thermal @entity1931 and mechanical @entity1931 . Unilateral electroacupuncture stimulation of "Huantiao" (GB30) and "Yanglingquan" (GB34) acupuncture points (100/2 Hz alternation, 1-2-3 mA) significantly elevated the PWLs and PWTs for 45 min after cessation of electroacupuncture in monoarthritic @entity35 . Co-application of 0.1 or 1 nmol @entity17037 with electroacupuncture significantly potentiated electroacupuncture analgesia, although 0.1 nmol @entity17037 alone had no effect on PWLs and PWTs in monoarthritic @entity35 . These results suggested that electroacupuncture and disrupting glial function could synergistically antagonize @entity158 , which might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of @entity158 .

title: Disruption of glial function enhances electroacupuncture analgesia in arthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17037 :: ('MESH:C007744', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocitrate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'arthritic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5427 ( @entity5427 ) is a @entity245 caused by a lack of expression of the maternal copy of @entity23187 . Although the "classic" features of @entity5427 are well described, few large-scale studies have delineated the clinical features in @entity5427 . We present baseline data from 92 @entity1 with a molecular diagnosis of @entity5427 between 5 and 60 months old who are enrolled in the National Institutes of Health Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network @entity5427 Natural History Study from January 2006 to March 2008. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had deletions, 14% had either @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ) or imprinting defects, and 12% had @entity23187 mutations. @entity1 with @entity8882 /imprinting defects were heavier (P   =   0.0002), while those with deletions were lighter, than the general population (P   <   0.0001). Twenty out of 92 @entity1 were underweight, all of whom had deletions or @entity23187 mutations. Eight out of 92 @entity1 (6/13 (46%) with @entity8882 /imprinting defects and 2/11 (18%) with @entity23187 mutations) were @entity28 . Seventy-four out of 92 @entity1 (80%) had absolute or relative @entity4242 . No @entity1 was macrocephalic. The most common behavioral findings were mouthing behavior (95%), short attention span (92%), ataxic or broad-based gait (88%), history of @entity25 (80%), and fascination with water (75%). Frequent, easily provoked laughter was observed in 60%. Clinical @entity410 were reported in 65% of @entity1 but all electroencephalograms (EEGs) were abnormal. We conclude that the most characteristic feature of @entity5427 is the neurobehavioral phenotype, but specific EEG findings are highly sensitive for @entity5427 . @entity28 is common among those with @entity8882 /imprinting defects.

title: XXXX : Mutations influence features in early childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Angelman Syndrome', 'Angelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['UPD', 'uniparental disomy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep difficulties']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['Angelman syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the incidence of severe, vision-threatening @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in black and white low-birth-weight @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Seventy neonatal intensive care units in 23 US participating centers in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for @entity989 . @entity1 : A total of 4099 premature @entity1 weighing less than 1251 g at birth were enrolled to evaluate the natural history of @entity989 . This 'Natural History' cohort included 2158 white @entity1 and 1584 black @entity1 who were followed up prospectively according to a Natural History protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and severity of acute @entity989 . RESULTS: While @entity989 occurred with similar frequency in all racial subgroups, severe @entity989 was less common in black @entity1 . One hundred sixty (7.4%) of 2158 white @entity1 reached threshold @entity989 (defined as at least 5 contiguous or 8 cumulative clock-hours of stage 3 @entity989 in zone 1 or zone 2 in the presence of " @entity66 " [dilation and tortuosity of the posterior pole blood vessels]), but only 51 (3.2%) of 1584 black @entity1 progressed to threshold @entity989 . Using multiple logistic regression analysis, race emerged as a highly significant factor (P < .001) in the development of threshold disease, even when birth weight, gestational age status at delivery, sex, multiple births, and transport status were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Severe, vision-threatening @entity989 occurs with greater frequency in low-birth-weight white @entity1 than in low-birth-weight black @entity1 who are seemingly at equivalent risk. The reason for this disparity is unknown. We speculate that differences in retinal pigmentation may confer relative protection against free radical-mediated @entity130 in black @entity1 .

title: Racial variation in @entity989 . The Cryotherapy for XXXX Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plus disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic injury']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy of Prematurity']


abstract: Contraception is freely available in @entity3595 Lanka, yet the number of illegal abortions is increasing. In Colombo alone over 500 abortions are performed daily, according to the minister of health, Dr. Ranjit Attapattu, who added in a recent statement that thix figure is "only the tip of the iceberg". The high abortion rate can be explained partly by the fact that although 99% of @entity3595 Lanka's 7.5 million @entity1 know about family planning, only just over 1/2 of them practice any form of birth control. A government survey in 1982 showed that as many as 94% of @entity1 wanted to limit their families, and 80% of their husbands approved of birth control; most @entity1 wanted only 2 or 3 @entity1 . Abortions are illegal, except where the life of the mother is in danger, and they pose not only moral, cultural, and religious problems, but an economic problem as well. According to hospital records, in the past decade 259,085 pregnancies have been terminated illegally. In 1981 alone there were 30,552 illegal abortions. For @entity3595 Lanka's hospital system, which provides treatment free of charge, the economic implications are serious. Doctors say that large numbers of gynecological beds have to be provided for these @entity1 , with their treatment costing a minimum of US 35. Religious opinion, both Buddhist and Christian, is strongly opposed to any relaxation of the abortion laws, but government statements seem to indicate a loosening of attitudes. The Ministry of Plan Implementation, which is in charge of all matters relating to population control, had this to say in a recent report: "In the context of persisting social inequalities, to consider abortion from the moral point of view only seems unwarranted. Those who do so fail to consider the real social and economic factors involved. There is a need to formulate a startegy", the report continues, "which will safeguard the dominant values of @entity3595 Lanka society, while giving the @entity1 the choice to decide when she wantsa chhild. Abortion is a social problem to be acted upon rather than a condition which must be confronted with legal restrictions."

title: Concern rises over abortion rate in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'patients']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: The influence of two @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) ligands, a @entity12585 , @entity6170 (RG) and the @entity1672 metabolite @entity13149 ( @entity13150 ) on the proliferation of @entity1 cultured airway smooth muscle (HASM) was examined. The increases in HASM cell number in response to @entity540 ( @entity540 , 300 pm) or thrombin (0.3 U ml-1) were significantly inhibited by either RG (1-10 microM) or @entity13150 (1-10 microM). The effects of RG, but not @entity13150 , were reversed by the selective @entity6864 antagonist @entity4301 (1 microM). Neither RG nor @entity13150 (10 microM) decreased cell viability, or induced apoptosis, suggesting that the regulation of cell number was due to inhibition of proliferation, rather than increased cell death. Flow-cytometric analysis of HASM cell cycle distribution 24 h after @entity540 addition showed that RG prevented the progression of cells from G1 to S phase. In contrast, @entity13150 caused an increase in the proportion of cells in S phase, and a decrease in G2/M, compared to @entity540 alone. Neither RG nor @entity13150 inhibited ERK phosphorylation measured 6 h post mitogen addition. The @entity540 -mediated increase in @entity4910 protein levels after 8 h was reduced in the presence of @entity13150 , but not RG. Although both RG and @entity13150 can inhibit proliferation of HASM irrespective of the mitogen used, only the antiproliferative effects of RG appear to be @entity6864 -dependent. The different antimitogenic mechanisms of @entity13150 and synthetic ligands for @entity6864 may be exploited to optimise the potential for these compounds to inhibit airway remodelling in @entity565 . British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 141, 517-525. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705630

title: @entity6864 ligands, @entity13149 and @entity6170 regulate XXXX cultured airway smooth muscle proliferation through different mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity13149 :: ('MESH:C097240', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetically derived @entity1503 are a rare heterogeneous group of disorders. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is curative but offset by organ toxicities from the preparative regimen, graft rejection, @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), or mortality. Because of these possibilities, consideration of HCT can be delayed, especially in the unrelated donor setting. We report a prospective multicenter trial of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) with alemtuzumab, @entity3118 , and melphalan and HCT in 11 @entity1 with marrow failure of genetic origin (excluding @entity11807 ) using the best available donor source (82% from unrelated donors). The median age at transplantation was 23 months (range, 2 months to 14 years). The median times to neutrophil (>500  * 10(6)/L) and platelet (>50  * 10(9)/L) engraftment were 13 (range, 12 to 24) and 30 (range, 7 to 55) days, respectively. The day  +100 probability of grade II to IV acute @entity2132 and the 1-year probability of limited and extensive @entity2132 were 9% and 27%, respectively. The probability of 5-year overall and event-free survival was 82%; 9 @entity1 were alive with normal blood counts at last follow-up and all were successfully off systemic immunosuppression. In @entity1 with genetically derived severe @entity1503 , allogeneic HCT with this RIC regimen was successful in achieving a cure. This experience supports consideration of HCT early in such @entity1 even in the absence of suitable related donors.

title: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Is Successful in @entity1 with XXXX of Genetic Origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Hematologic Cytopenias']


abstract: We analyzed the effect of @entity5491 on hair follicles isolated from @entity19 . These transgenic animals synthesize the reporter enzyme @entity5533 in their hair follicles only during the active phases of hair growth. The recombinant gene used to generate these @entity19 contained the bacterial enzyme @entity5533 under the control of the promoter from the gene of UHS protein. Studies using in situ hybridization showed that UHS proteins are expressed specifically in the matrix cells of the hair follicle during the terminal stages of hair differentiation. Hence the expression of the UHS proteins is a clear sign of active hair growth. With other in situ hybridization studies we demonstrated that @entity5533 mRNA is expressed in differentiating matrix cells of the hair shaft in a location similar to that in which mRNA encodes UHS proteins. Thus we can use the levels of @entity5533 activity as a measure of hair growth. We have confirmed that expression of the transgene is found in hair that is high in anagen and low in catagen follicles. The usefulness of our model was further demonstrated by showing that @entity5491 , a drug that stimulates hair growth, increased the expression of @entity5533 in cultured hair follicles. Thus we have demonstrated that expression of this reporter gene is sensitive, hair specific, and also useful for monitoring effects in cultured hair follicles. Hence these @entity19 provide a model system for studying the biology of hair growth.

title: High-sulfur protein gene expression in a transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'mice']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Seventy @entity1 with @entity3852 were treated at Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center between 1969 and 1989. The overall estimated 5-year survival rate was 64%. Factors predictive of improved survival included head and neck site and negative lymph nodes at presentation. Local recurrence was seen in 18 @entity1 (26%) and did not correlate with @entity1 -, @entity5 -, or treatment-related variables. Nine @entity1 with local recurrence (50%) were free of disease following aggressive reoperation. Regional nodes were involved at some point during the course of the disease in forty-six @entity1 (66%). Regional lymph node involvement was apparent within 2 years of diagnosis in 40 (87%) of 46 @entity1 in whom it occurred. @entity262 was nearly uniformly preceded by the appearance of nodal metastases and was uniformly fatal regardless of subsequent therapy. This suggests an orderly "cascade" pattern of spread for this @entity5 , in which elective regional lymph node dissection may be justified. Our recommendations for treatment include a wide excision of the @entity5 and either elective or early therapeutic regional node dissection. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy remains unproven.

title: XXXX . Prognosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity157 , only 20-30% of @entity1 are candidates for surgery. Still worse, even after curative surgical resection, 80% of @entity1 develop recurrence within 5 years. Thus, various non-surgical therapies have developed. Among them, image-guided local ablation therapies, such as percutaneous @entity1068 injection, microwave coagulation and radiofrequency ablation, have been widely used for @entity157 , because they are potentially curative, minimally invasive and easily repeatable. Percutaneous @entity1068 injection was a standard therapy. However, there has been a drastic shift from @entity1068 injection to radiofrequency ablation in recent years. In Japan, 1500 institutes have already introduced radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of @entity96 and the cool-tip electrode system has an 80% share of the market. Radiofrequency ablation can achieve @entity39 in most cases.Long-term survival seems considerably good, and complications are not frequent in radiofrequency ablation. Randomized controlled trials have proved that radiofrequency ablation is superior to @entity1068 injection in the treatment of @entity157 from the viewpoint of, not only treatment response, but also long-term survival. Radiofrequency ablation seems feasible, efficacious and considerably safe. Radiofrequency ablation will be more widely performed in the treatment of primary and metastatic @entity96 in Japan.

title: Japanese experience in ablation therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete tumor necrosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3100 is a relatively common superficial @entity364 in @entity1 which requires oral antifungal therapy. In a prospective, open study over 24 weeks, @entity2059 5 mg/kg/day, given as capsules or as an oral suspension for a period of 2-12 weeks, was used to treat @entity1 1-12 years of age who had @entity14476 @entity3100 . @entity1 with mycologic evidence of @entity14476 @entity3100 were entered into the study and asked to return at week 2 and then every 2 weeks thereafter until cured, with a maximum of 12 weeks of active treatment. At each visit the scalp was sampled and the material processed for light microscopy and culture examination. An extra 2 weeks of @entity2059 was prescribed if the mycology from the sample obtained on the previous visit indicated that there was still presence of the organism. @entity1 were administered either 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks of treatment. The final follow-up visit was at 12 weeks from the cessation of drug therapy. Laboratory blood testing was performed only if indicated by history, examination, or the development of side effects. There were 107 @entity1 (49 @entity1 , 58 @entity1 ; mean +/- standard error =5.6 +/- 0.2 years). Thirteen of the 107 @entity1 were given the oral suspension. At week 12 from the cessation of treatment there was complete (clinical and mycologic) cure in all 107 @entity1 . Increasing age of the @entity1 correlated significantly with the length of @entity2059 capsule therapy (p=0.03). The duration of @entity2059 treatment also correlated significantly with the severity of @entity3100 at baseline (p=0.02). Adverse effects were observed in 5 @entity1 receiving @entity2059 capsules (n=94). These were regarded as being possibly or probably due to the drug in two @entity1 (mild transient stomach ache in one and moderate @entity294 in one). The @entity1 with @entity294 stopped therapy at week 4 with complete resolution of symptoms. One of 13 @entity1 receiving the oral suspension had mild, transient @entity294 . There were no drop-outs in this group. Laboratory testing was not required in any @entity1 . Compliance was very good in the @entity1 group. @entity2059 5 mg/kg/day given either as a capsule or an oral suspension for 4-8 weeks is effective and safe in the treatment of @entity3100 caused by @entity14476 .

title: @entity2059 is effective in the treatment of @entity3100 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea capitis', 'tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity14476 :: (63405,Species) :: ['Microsporum canis']


abstract: AIM: Milk curd obstruction is one of the less common causes of @entity1744 . It has been described in premature @entity1 who received high caloric formula feeds. We report presentation, management and outcome of premature neonates who developed milk curd obstruction while being fed fortified expressed breast milk. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of babies who were treated for milk curd obstruction in Royal @entity1 's Hospital and Mater @entity1 's Hospital in Brisbane between 2001 and 2007 was performed. RESULTS: Nine preterm neonates developed milk curd obstruction (mean gestational age 27 weeks). All babies received fortified expressed breast milk. Symptoms presented were those of @entity1744 in the majority of cases. Laparotomy was required in eight babies, one had a pre-existing ileostomy that was washed out. Two babies died shortly after surgery, while two followed several months later. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of milk curd obstruction should be considered in all premature babies with signs of @entity1744 who are fed expressed breast milk with caloric fortification.

title: Milk curd obstruction in premature XXXX receiving fortified expressed breast milk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'neonatal bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Aging is associated with neurodegenerative processes. @entity12032 (5-LO), which is also expressed in neurons, is the key enzyme in the synthesis of @entity4443 , inflammatory @entity1813 that are capable of promoting @entity179 . We hypothesized that neuronal 5-LO expression can be up-regulated in aging and that this may increase the brain's vulnerability to @entity179 . We observed differences in the distribution of 5-LO-like immunoreactivity in various brain areas of adult young (2-month-old) vs. old (24-month-old) male @entity35 . Greater 5-LO-like immunoreactivity was found in old vs. young @entity35 , in particular in the dendrites of @entity528 in limbic structures, including the hippocampus, and in layer V pyramidal cells of the frontoparietal cortex and their apical dendrites. The aging-increased expression of neuronal 5-LO protein appears to be due to increased 5-LO gene expression. Using a quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction assay and 5-LO-specific oligonucleotide primers and their mutated internal standards, we observed about a 2.5-fold greater hippocampal 5-LO mRNA content in old @entity35 . 5-LO-like immunoreactivity was also observed in small, nonpyramidal cells, which were positive for @entity367 decarboxylase or glial fibrillary acid protein. This type of 5-LO immunostaining did not increase in the old @entity35 . @entity131 induced by systemic injection of @entity4176 was greater in old @entity35 . Neuroprotection was observed with the 5-LO inhibitor, @entity14627 . Together, these results suggest that aging increases both neuronal 5-LO expression and neuronal vulnerability to 5-LO inhibitor-sensitive excitotoxicity, and indicate that the 5-LO system might play a significant role in the pathobiology of aging-associated @entity179 .

title: Aging-associated up-regulation of neuronal XXXX expression: putative role in neuronal vulnerability.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal excitotoxic injury']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity14627 :: ('MESH:C040048', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal neurons']

answer: @entity12032 :: (25290(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['5-lipoxygenase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10057 Background: @entity2213 (IM), which inhibits the KIT and PDGFR @entity4149 kinases, has known activity against @entity674 . We previously reported early results of the first reported multi-institutional prospective trial (RTOG 0132) using neoadjuvant @entity2213 (IM) either in primary resectable @entity674 or as a planned preoperative cytoreduction agent for metastatic @entity674 (Eisenberg et al., JSO 2009). METHODS: @entity1 with primary @entity674 (>= 5cm, Group A) or operable metastatic/recurrent @entity674 (>= 2 cm, Group B) received neoadjuvant IM (600 mg/day) for approximately two months and maintenance IM after surgery for 2 years. We have now updated the clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and overall survival (OS) at a median follow-up of 5.1 years and correlate these endpoints with duration of IM therapy. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were originally entered (53 analyzable), 31 @entity1 in Group A and 22 in Group B. Estimated 5-year PFS and @entity66 were 57% A, 30% B; and 77% A, 77% B, respectively. Estimated 5-year OS was 77% for A, and 68% for B. Median time to progression has not been yet reached for Group A and is 4.4 years for Group B. In Cohort A, 7/11 @entity1 progressed > 2 years from registration; 6/7 progressing @entity1 had stopped IM prior to progression. In Cohort B, 10/13 @entity1 progressed> 2 years from registration; 6/10 progressing @entity1 had stopped IM prior to progression. The rate of treatment-related grade 4/5 @entity137 was 23% (12/53). There was no increase in long term surgical complications using neoadjuvant and extended IM therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term analysis of RTOG 0132 suggests a high percentage of @entity1 progressed after discontinuation of 2-year maintenance IM therapy following surgical resection. Consideration should be given to studying longer treatment durations in high-risk @entity674 @entity1 .

title: Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant @entity2213 (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable XXXX ( @entity674 ): Long-term follow-up results of RTOG 0132.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib mesylate', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: This study defines a novel @entity1238 protein ( @entity59865 ) that has recently been shown to be recognized by @entity2631 @entity1 sera. Using a combination of differential solubility in detergents, @entity692 chromatography and one-dimensional PAGE, @entity59865 was purified to apparent homogeneity and the @entity535 sequence was obtained. An oligonucleotide derived from this sequence was used to clone @entity59865 cDNA through a polymerase-chain-reaction cloning strategy. The entire @entity59865 cDNA sequence was determined, identifying a novel 83,000-Da protein. Two alleles for @entity59865 were transcribed in the oocyte, with only one predicted @entity535 change between them. Bacterial expression of a clone containing the entire @entity59865 coding region produced a protein that migrated at a mass 15% greater than that predicted from the @entity535 sequence, indicating an aberrant electrophoretic mobility. The mRNA transcript for @entity59865 was only expressed during the previtellogenic stages of oogenesis (stages I and II) and was absent from other @entity1238 tissues. Similarly, the @entity59865 protein was found only in @entity1238 oocytes and was localized to the cytoplasm of these cells. @entity59865 irreversibly bound single-stranded-DNA--cellulose but not double-stranded-DNA--cellulose. These data demonstrate the presence of a novel oocyte-specific protein in @entity1238 .

title: Purification, primary structure, bacterial expression and subcellular distribution of an oocyte-specific protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: @entity1951 and vasopressin antagonists are finding expanded use in @entity19 models of disease and in clinical medicine. To provide further insight into the physiological role of @entity37093 and V2 vasopressin receptors in the @entity1 and @entity19 kidney, intrarenal localization of the receptors mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization. V2-receptor mRNA was predominantly expressed in the medulla, whereas mRNA for @entity37093 receptors predominated in the cortex. The segmental localization of vasopressin-receptor mRNAs was determined using simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for segment-specific markers, including @entity21515 , Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, epithelial Na channels, Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein, and @entity2740 -sensitive @entity1219 cotransporter. Notably, @entity37093 receptor expression was exclusively expressed in V-ATPase/anion exchanger-1-labeled alpha-intercalated cells of the medullary collecting duct in both @entity19 and @entity1 kidney. In cortical collecting ducts, @entity37093 mRNA was more widespread and detected in both principal and intercalated cells. V2-receptor mRNA is diffusely expressed along the collecting ducts in both @entity19 and @entity1 kidney, with higher expression levels in the medulla. These results demonstrate heterogenous axial expression of both @entity37093 and V2 vasopressin receptors along the @entity1 and @entity19 collecting duct. The restricted expression of @entity37093 -receptor mRNA in intercalated cells suggests a role for this receptor in acid-base balance. These findings further suggest distinct regulation of renal transport function by AVP through @entity37093 receptors in the cortex vs. the medulla.

title: Axial heterogeneity of vasopressin-receptor subtypes along the @entity1 and XXXX collecting duct.

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between unilateral @entity3065 in @entity1 older than eight years and their refractive state and spherical equivalent refraction (SER). METHODS: The study involved a review of the clinical records of 85 @entity1 admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University between 1998 and 2010 with unilateral @entity3065 . The average age was 16.83 years (nine to 27 years). The @entity1 were classified into mild (27 cases), moderate (37 cases) or severe (21 cases) @entity1736 according to the degree of the @entity3066 covering the @entity267 . The fellow eyes served as controls. RESULTS: In 85 eyes with @entity1736 , the frequency of @entity1714 (SER of -0.50 D or more @entity1714 ) was significantly higher than in the fellow eye (47 versus 32, p = 0.031). The frequency of @entity1714 in eyes with severe @entity1736 was significantly higher than in the fellow eyes (16 versus 7, p = 0.012), whereas there were no significant differences in @entity1 with mild (15/27 versus 13/27, p = 0.79) or moderate (16/37 versus 12/37, p = 0.47) @entity1736 . Similarly, the SER was significantly more myopic in eyes with severe @entity1736 compared with the fellow eye (-1.37 D versus -0.85 D, p = 0.01), whereas no significant differences were found in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity1736 . CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a higher frequency of @entity1714 and more myopic SER in eyes with severe @entity1736 compared with the fellow eye. The @entity1714 found in eyes with @entity1736 might be caused by a mechanism similar to that resulting in @entity1714 among animals subjected to form deprivation. It is important to pay attention to possible @entity2516 in @entity1 with @entity1736 . Surgical correction of @entity1736 at an early age is recommended.

title: A retrospective study: form-deprivation XXXX in unilateral @entity3065 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3065 :: ('MESH:C566737', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ptosis']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['droopy eyelid']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis', 'unilateral ptosis']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The impact of being overweight on outcome after @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) is controversial. We performed meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of being overweight on @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) risk and survival. Original data were obtained from MEDLINE, and studies that evaluated being overweight before transplantation in recipients as a risk factor for @entity2132 or a prognostic factor for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were extracted. Study-specific relative risks on the log scale comparing overweight with non-overweight @entity1 were used to obtain a pooled RR with 95% confidence interval (CI). We identified 8 studies of @entity2132 and 21 of @entity1349 . In allogeneic @entity1583 , the meta-analysis determined statistically significant associations of overweight recipients with @entity2132 risk and @entity1349 . Meta-analysis of the 8 studies of @entity2132 indicated that the RR for overweight to non-overweight @entity1 was 1.186 (95% CI: 1.072-1.312). Regarding @entity1349 , meta-analysis of 11 allogeneic @entity1583 studies indicated that the RR for overweight to non-overweight @entity1 was 1.163 (1.009-1.340). Our results indicate that being overweight before transplantation in recipients is associated with a high @entity2132 rate and worse survival after allogeneic @entity1583 . Potential heterogeneity especially in adult/pediatric @entity1 limits the interpretability of our finding. Further, well-designed large cohort studies are warranted.

title: Impact of being overweight on outcomes of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HSCT', 'hematopoietic SCT']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic SCT']


abstract: Prognostic predictors for node-negative @entity0 have not been clearly established. Immunostaining with Ki-67 antibody was performed on frozen sections of histologically proved node-negative @entity0 from 42 @entity1 to examine its prognostic value and its association with other clinicopathologic and biochemical parameters, i.e., @entity1 age and @entity5 size, histologic type, nuclear grade, mitotic rate, presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion, DNA ploidy, percentage of cells in S-phase, @entity172 content, and @entity1722 amplification. Thirty-seven of the 42 @entity5 showed immunoreactivity with Ki-67 antibody in 1% to 55% of the @entity5 cells. A strongly significant correlation was observed between Ki-67 staining percentage and, respectively, nuclear grade, age, and mitotic rate. Nuclear grade 1 (the most anaplastic) @entity5 showed a significantly higher median percentage of cells stained (median, 14; range, 3 to 40) compared with nuclear grade 3 @entity5 (median, 0.5; range, 0 to 8). Thirteen @entity1 developed recurrence; six of them died of disease. On univariate analysis, both 5-year disease-free and overall survivals were strongly associated with percentage of cells stained with Ki-67 antibody. Our results suggest that Ki-67 immunostaining correlates well with nuclear grade and clinical outcome in node-negative @entity0 . Because of small sample size analyzed in this study we were unable to do multivariate analysis. Therefore, further studies with larger number of cases are needed to determine whether @entity5 proliferative activity determined by Ki-67 immunostaining is an independent prognostic parameter or it merely reflects histopathologic features such as nuclear grade or mitotic activity.

title: Ki-67 immunostaining in node-negative stage I/II XXXX . Significant correlation with prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 outcome in @entity1691 @entity1 with fixed @entity85 of the spine who underwent reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVES: To measure the multidimensional effects of reconstructive spinal osteotomy in this @entity1 group with a questionnaire-based instrument. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Between 1979 and 1988, 175 @entity1691 @entity1 underwent operative treatment for fixed @entity85 . One hundred forty-eight of these @entity1 answered the questionnaire correctly and were included in the study. The others either died or were lost to follow-up. METHODS: The modified Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales with eight scales and 60 items plus six additional summative questions were administered at a mean follow-up period of 4.8 years (range, 2-10 years). The modified Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale measures eight scales--mobility, physical, household, daily, social activity, @entity158 , @entity148 , and @entity308 . The Wilcoxon and chi-square test were used for analysis. RESULTS: Forty-seven of 60 items showed significant improvement of activity levels or status. Only two items showed a significant @entity73 . Of the @entity1 , 88.4% were very satisfied with the result of the operation; 60.9% were able to return to work. Age, sex, and type of surgical technique did not influence the results. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales approach shows excellent overall improvement of health status after surgery, proving the worth of reconstructive surgery in @entity1691 @entity1 with fixed @entity85 of the spine.

title: Results of surgical correction of @entity85 of the spine in XXXX on the basis of the modified arthritis impact measurement scales.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of function']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformities of the spine', 'kyphotic deformities']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left untreated, @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ) and @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) in adults have a poor prognosis with mortality rates reaching 90%. @entity1 who survive often develop @entity454 . Because of similarities in clinical and morphological findings, both diseases are considered as one entity referred to as @entity2106 . METHODS: From 1974 to January 1995, 45 adult @entity1 received treatment for @entity2106 at our clinic. By stepwise logistic regression analyses, we examined how known risk factors and plasma exchange with fresh-frozen plasma (PE) influenced mortality and @entity454 . RESULTS: Three of 45 @entity1 died (7%). Though we were not able to find significant predictors of mortality, low haemoglobin levels (5.93 +/- 0.32 vs 9.10 +/- 2.16 g/dl) and high leukocyte counts on admission (15.830 +/- 3.690 vs 11.150 +/- 4.580 microliters-1) appeared to indicate an unfavourable outcome. Regarding the development of @entity454 , PE proved to be the only favourable indicator (P = 0.0001). PE was performed in 30 @entity1 3-20 times (9.2 +/- 4.8, mean +/- SD). Of 28 surviving @entity1 treated with PE, only four developed @entity454 , whereas dialysis was necessary in 11 of 14 @entity1 not treated with PE. Application of PE led to an 81.8% reduction of the relative risk of developing @entity454 . An additional prognostic influence of other potential risk factors such as age, sex, platelet count on admission, @entity880 dehydrogenase serum levels, serum @entity1011 , blood pressure, prodromal disease, and renal histology was not found. CONCLUSION: This retrospective clinical study confirms the therapeutic value of plasma exchange with fresh-frozen plasma to maintain renal function in @entity1 with @entity2106 .

title: XXXX and @entity2106 in adults: clinical findings and prognostic factors for death and @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic-uraemic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['HUS-TTP', 'HUS-TTP syndrome', 'TTP', 'thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: National practice guidelines recommend early @entity117 administration to reduce mortality in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Although timely administration of @entity117 has been shown to reduce mortality in @entity1187 by 23%, prior regional Emergency Medical Service (EMS) data have shown inadequate prehospital administration of @entity117 in @entity1 with suspected @entity299 . OBJECTIVES: Using the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) database, we sought to determine  (1) the proportion of @entity1 with suspected @entity299 who received @entity117 and (2) @entity1 and prehospital characteristics that independently predicted administration of @entity117 . METHODS: Analysis of the 2011 NEMSIS database targeted @entity1 aged >= 40   years with a paramedic primary impression of ' @entity662 '. To identify @entity1 with @entity662 of suspected cardiac aetiology, we included those for whom an ECG or cardiac monitoring had been performed. @entity130 -related @entity662 and basic life support transports were excluded. The primary outcome was presence of @entity117 administration. @entity1 (age, sex, race/ethnicity  and insurance status) and regional characteristics where the EMS transport occurred were also obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent association of @entity1 and regional factors with @entity117 administration for suspected @entity299 . RESULTS: Of the total 14   371   941 EMS incidents in the 2011 database, 198   231 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria (1.3%). Of those, 45.4% received @entity117 from the EMS provider. When compared with non-Hispanic white @entity1 , several groups had greater odds of @entity117 administration by EMS: non-Hispanic black  @entity1 (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.55), non-Hispanic Asians (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.18), Hispanics (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.54 to 1.91) and other non-Hispanics (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.51). @entity1 living in the Southern region of the USA (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.62) and @entity1 with governmental (federally administered such as Veteran's Health Care, but not Medicare or Medicaid) insurance (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.78) had the lowest odds of receiving @entity117 . Age and sex (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.00) were not associated with @entity117 administration. CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that prehospital @entity117 administration for @entity1 with suspected @entity299 remains low nationally and could be improved. Reasons for disparities among the various groups should be explored.

title: Prehospital @entity117 administration for @entity1187 ( XXXX ) in the USA: an EMS quality assessment using the NEMSIS 2011 database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischaemia']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['ACS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the quality of life (QOL) of @entity64 @entity1 and to distill neuropsychologic predictors for poor QOL. DESIGN: A cohort study in which @entity1 were neuropsychologically assessed at a mean of 72.2 days after @entity64 , with follow-up at a mean of 9.8 months after @entity64 . SETTING: Research department of a rehabilitation center. @entity1 : A consecutive sample of 164 @entity64 @entity1 (mean age, 55.2yr) recruited from a university hospital, a regional hospital, and a rehabilitation center. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Orientation, memory, attention and concentration, visuospatial and visuoconstructive functions, language, and arithmetic skills were assessed with neuropsychologic tests. QOL was assessed with the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). RESULTS: An overall mean SIP score +/- standard deviation of 20 +/- 11 showed that @entity64 has a high impact on everyday functioning. Further analyses indicated that QOL is related in particular to tests measuring spatiotemporal and/or sequential aspects of behavior. Forward/backward stepwise regression analysis (n = 106) showed that poor QOL was more likely if @entity1 had a poor result on the Trailmaking Test (TMT) B and/or were @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The predictive value of the TMT is most effective and very useful because the TMT is a short and economical procedure. However, the gender-related aspects of recovery deserve more attention, as does the possible bias that can be caused by the composition of a measurement. Further research is needed to refine predictive models that are needed to facilitate the development of more adequate, individual rehabilitation programs.

title: Is there a relation between neuropsychologic variables and quality of life after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone grafts are frequently used in the treatment of @entity79 . Bone harvesting can cause @entity260 and sometimes does not provide a sufficient quantity of bone. Therefore, synthetic biomaterials have been investigated as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare @entity291 derived @entity692 ( @entity8440 ) and synthetic @entity692 (SHA) graft material as bone graft substitute in @entity3573 . @entity1 were analyzed by computerized densitometric study and digital radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 12 @entity1 in each group were included randomly after clinical and radiological evaluation. The integration of @entity692 was assessed with mean bone density, surgical site margin, and radiological bone formation characteristics, of the successful graft cases using computer densitometry and radio-visiograph. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test and paired t-test. RESULTS: By the end of 24 th week, the grafted defects radiologically and statistically showed similar volumes of bone formation. However, the significant changes observed in the formation of bone and merging of material and surgical site margin at 1 st week to 1 st month. The results were significant and correlating with all the parameters showing the necessity of the grafting for early bone formation. However, the bone formation pattern is different in both @entity8440 and SHA group at 3 rd month interval with significant P value. CONCLUSION: Both @entity8440 and SHA graft materials are biocompatible for filling @entity79 , showing less resorption and enhanced bone formation with similar efficacy. Our study showed maximum bone healing within 12 weeks of grafting of defects. The @entity8440 is economical; however, price difference between the two is very nominal.

title: Comparative evaluation of @entity291 derived @entity692 and synthetic @entity692 graft in bone regeneration of @entity1 XXXX : A clinico-radiological study.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary cystic bony defects']

answer: @entity3573 :: (MESH:D008439,Disease) :: ['maxillary cystic defects']


abstract: A 15-year experience with 27 @entity1 , 20 to 75 years of age, with refractory @entity3179 is presented. All @entity1 had been managed with support hose, elevation, elastic wraps, Unna's paste boots, and graduated compression stockings. Because of multiple recurrences of their @entity1066 , the @entity1 were offered surgical treatment to reduce the @entity101 in the areas of ulceration. The 27 @entity1 had 32 modified Linton procedures. Five had bilateral procedures. At the time of operation, 18 limbs had medial malleolar @entity1066 , five had bimalleolar @entity1066 , four had lateral @entity1066 , three had posterior @entity1066 , and two @entity1 were free of @entity1066 . Medial incisions were used in 20 limbs, lateral incisions in six, medial and lateral incisions in three, and midposterior incisions in three. Split-thickness skin grafts were placed on six limbs the day of surgery and on 22 limbs 4 to 7 days later. @entity260 included @entity1150 in two, partial flap @entity39 in three, and @entity2688 of the lower leg in three @entity1 . Follow-up has ranged from 6 months to 10 years. During the most recent clinic visits, 21 limbs were completely healed, whereas six limbs had a recurrence of the @entity1066 . Five @entity1 have been lost to follow-up. The good long-term results in 78% of the cases indicate that @entity1 with recurrent @entity3179 may receive lasting benefit from modified Linton procedures.

title: Surgical management of refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous stasis ulceration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environment is critical to well-being and survival. As a result, organisms display daily cycles of physiology and behavior termed circadian rhythms. At the cellular level, circadian rhythms originate via interlocked autoregulatory feedback loops consisting of circadian clock genes and their proteins. These regulatory loops provide the molecular framework that enables the intracellular circadian timing system necessary to generate and maintain subsequent 24 hr rhythms. In the present study we examine the daily control of circadian clock genes and regulation of the inflammatory response by the circadian clock in the spleen. RESULTS: Our results reveal that circadian clock genes as well as proinflammatory cytokines, including @entity310   and @entity1356 , display @entity1021 of mRNA abundance over a 24 hr cycle. @entity558 -induced systemic @entity32 applied at midday vs. midnight reveals a differential response of proinflammatory cytokine induction in the spleen, suggesting a daily rhythm of @entity32 . Exogenous @entity2493 administration at midday prior to @entity558 stimulation conveys pleiotropic effects, enhancing and repressing inflammatory cytokines, indicating @entity2493 functions as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory molecule in the spleen. CONCLUSION: In summary, a daily oscillation of circadian clock genes and inflammatory cytokines as well as the ability of @entity2493 to function as a daily mediator of @entity32 provides valuable information to aid in deciphering how the circadian timing system regulates immune function at the molecular level. However, further research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms by which the circadian clock and @entity2493 have an impact upon daily immune functions in the periphery.

title: XXXX in the avian spleen: timing is everything.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmic oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether local anesthesia of @entity1661 prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy leads to @entity158 beyond the immediate postoperative period and thus improves the comfort of the @entity1 . In a randomized, double-blind study 50 @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups. In one group (n = 25) the skin, subcutis, fascia, muscle, and preperitoneal space were infiltrated with 8 ml of @entity1341 0.5% 5 min before each @entity1661 incision. The control group (n = 25) received normal saline. The intensity of @entity158 was assessed by a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during movement and by the consumption of analgesics. Analgesic therapy was provided by on-demand analgesia with @entity22730 intravenously for 24 h and continued by @entity5018 orally on request. The mean intensity of @entity158 at rest and during movement was lower but not statistically significant in @entity1 who received @entity1341 compared to the control group up to the second postoperative day. The difference was between 4 and 9 VAS points and therefore of doubtful clinical relevance. Similar statistically nonsignificant results were found for the mean consumption of @entity22730 up to 16 h after the operation. Three @entity1 (12%) in the @entity1341 group localized the most severe @entity158 up to the second postoperative day to the right lower @entity1661 wound where the gallbladder had been extracted compared to 11 @entity1 (44%) of the control group (P = 0.012). These results indicate that @entity1341 was effective at the site where it was administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preincisional local anesthesia with @entity1341 and XXXX after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall', 'abdominal wall wounds']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Simian adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh.10 is a promising gene therapy tool, achieving safe, sustained transgene expression in the nervous system, lung, liver and heart in animal models. To date, preexisting immunity in @entity1 has not been confirmed, though exposure is unexpected. We compared the humoral immune response with serotypes AAVrh.10 and AAV9 in @entity19 , and AAVrh.10, AAV9 and @entity4700 in 100 healthy @entity1 . @entity19 , injected-intravenously, raised significantly more anti-AAV9 than anti-AAVrh.10 IgG (immunoglobulins), and sera demonstrated greater neutralizing capacity, correspondingly. Antibody cross-binding studies in @entity19 showed negligible cross-recognition between AAVrh.10, AAV9 and @entity4700 . In humans, IgG prevalence against the most common @entity1 serotype, @entity4700 , was 72%; AAV9, 47% and AAVrh.10, a surprising, 59%. Yet, neutralizing-antibody seroprevalences were 71% for @entity4700 , 18% for AAV9 and 21% for AAVrh.10. Thus, most anti-AAV9 and anti-AAVrh.10 IgG were nonneutralizing. Indeed, sera generally neutralized @entity4700 more strongly than AAVrh.10. Further, all samples neutralizing AAVrh.10 or AAV9 also neutralized AAV2, suggesting antibody cross-recognition. This contrasts with the results in @entity19 , and highlights the complexity of tailoring gene therapy to minimize the immune response in @entity1 , when multiple-mixed @entity281 during a lifetime evoke a broad repertoire of preexisting antibodies capable of cross reacting with non- @entity1 serotypes.Gene Therapy advance online publication, 20 November 2014; doi:10.1038/gt.2014.103.

title: AAVrh.10 immunogenicity in XXXX and @entity1 . Relevance of antibody cross-reactivity in @entity1 gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The @entity2359 effects of amyloid-beta(1-42) and amyloid-beta(25-35) ( @entity5543 ) on cholinergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons were investigated in primary cultures derived from embryonic 18-day-old @entity35 basal forebrain. After various time intervals, the cultures were treated with 1, 5, 10 or 20 microM @entity5543 for different time periods. The cholinergic neurons and their axon terminals were revealed by vesicular @entity934 transporter immunohistochemistry and the cholinoceptive cells by acetylcholinesterase histochemical staining. To assess the toxic effects of these @entity5543 peptides on the cholinergic neurons, image analysis was applied for quantitative determination of the numbers of axon varicosities/terminals and cells. The results demonstrate that, following treatment with 1 or 5 microM @entity5543 for 5, 10, 30, 60 or 120 min, no changes in vesicular @entity934 transporter immunohistochemical staining were observed. However, after treatment for 30 min with 10 or 20 microM @entity5543 , the number of stained axon varicosities was reduced, and treatment for 2 h they had disappeared. In contrast, vesicular @entity934 transporter-positivity could be seen in some of the neuronal perikarya even after 3 days after treatment. The acetylcholinesterase staining was homogeneously distributed in the control neurons. After @entity5543 treatment, the histochemical reaction end-product was detected in some of the neuronal perikarya or in the dendritic processes near to the soma. It is concluded that the @entity2359 effects of @entity5543 appear more rapidly in the cholinergic axon terminals than in the cholinergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive neuronal perikarya.

title: Effects of amyloid-beta on cholinergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive cells in cultured basal forebrain neurons of embryonic XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']