abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity8781 ( @entity8781 ) and @entity12610 have been associated with increased invasiveness and @entity3 in @entity1 @entity5 . The role of @entity21649 has been less investigated. We examined the role of PARs in a @entity1 @entity788 PANC-1 cell line phenotype in vitro. METHODS: We knocked down @entity8781 , @entity12610 , or @entity21649 , whereas empty vector-infected cells served as controls. Specific peptide agonists of PARs were used to stimulate the receptors. In vitro assays of colony formation, migration, and invasion were used to characterize the phenotypes, and Western analysis was used to follow cell division control protein 42 homolog ( @entity5605 ) expression. RESULTS: @entity8781 and @entity12610 knockdowns (KDs) were markedly less, whereas @entity21649 KDs were robustly more migratory and invasive than the controls. Stimulation of @entity8781 or @entity12610 by their peptide agonists increased, whereas @entity21649 agonist reduced the invasion of the control cells. Knockdowns of all three PARs exhibited changes in the expression of @entity5605 , which correlated with the changes in their invasion. Conversely, stimulation of vector-control cells with @entity8781 or @entity12610 agonists enhanced, whereas @entity21649 agonist reduced the expression of @entity5605 . In the respective KD cells, the effects of the agonists were abrogated. CONCLUSION: The expression and/or activation of PARs is linked to the invasiveness of PANC-1 cells in vitro, probably via modulation of the expression of @entity5605 .

title: Proteinase-activated receptors differentially modulate in vitro invasion of @entity1 XXXX PANC-1 cells in correlation with changes in the expression of @entity5605 protein.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['Proteinase-activated receptor-1', 'PAR-1']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1824 ( @entity1824 ) are distinctive mesenchymal neoplasms that most often arise in the retroperitoneum, visceral organs, and abdominopelvic sites and usually show reactivity for melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. Fewer than 20 @entity1824 of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been reported, and behavior and criteria for @entity5 are incompletely defined. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic features of a series of @entity344 and to evaluate prognostic parameters. A total of 35 @entity1824 of the GI tract were retrieved from consult and surgical files. Clinical and pathologic features were evaluated, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Clinical follow-up information was obtained from medical records and referring physicians. Nineteen @entity1 were female and 16 male (median age 45 y; range, 7 to 70 y). One @entity1 had @entity2916 . Nineteen @entity5 arose in the colon, 12 in the small bowel, 2 in the stomach, and 1 each in gallbladder and omentum. Median @entity5 size was 6.2 cm (range, 0.8 to 22 cm). Three @entity5 were limited to the mucosa and submucosa, 8 extended to the muscularis propria, 15 to the subserosa/serosa, and 8 into the mesentery. The @entity5 were composed of nests and sheets of usually epithelioid cells with abundant granular eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm, surrounded by a delicate capillary vasculature. Thirteen @entity5 had mixed epithelioid and spindle cell components, and 2 were purely spindled. Sixteen @entity5 showed marked nuclear atypia. @entity5 contained occasional pleomorphic cells, and 12 showed diffuse cellular pleomorphism. The median mitotic rate was 2/10 HPF (range, 0 to 36). Vascular invasion was present in 5 cases, and 16 @entity5 showed @entity39 . By immunohistochemistry, 23/35 were positive for HMB45, 23/34 for melan-A, 15/25 for @entity3060 , 20/35 for smooth muscle actin, 26/35 for desmin, and 3/20 for @entity19409 . Focal cytoplasmic @entity2281 protein was present in 5/27 cases, 2/25 cases were positive for KIT, and 1 case each was positive for @entity10208 and keratin. Follow-up information was available for 31 @entity1 (median 36 mo; range, 2 to 176 mo). Thirteen @entity1 have developed @entity3 (10 liver, 3 peritoneum, 4 lymph node, 3 lung, 1 bone, 1 brain, and 1 adrenal). Thus far, 5 @entity1 have died of disease. Metastases were significantly associated with marked atypia, diffuse pleomorphism, and mitoses >= 2/10 HPF. In summary, @entity1824 of the GI tract occur at similar frequency in female and male @entity1 , most commonly involve the colon, and exhibit variable clinical behavior, ranging from benign lesions to @entity146 , high-grade @entity242 . The presence of marked nuclear atypia, diffuse pleomorphism, and mitotic activity are the strongest predictors of @entity146 .

title: XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract: clinicopathologic study of 35 cases with evaluation of prognostic parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Seventeen tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'malignant behavior']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI PEComas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1824 :: (MESH:D054973,Disease) :: ['PEComa']


abstract: A method for fast analysis of @entity13885 in @entity9052 roots was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF- @entity15 ). The column used was HSS T3 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 microm). The mobile phase consisted of 15 mmol/L @entity5189 and @entity1626 , eluted with the gradient program. The separations of 9 @entity14742 standards and @entity9052 root extracts were achieved. Based on the @entity15 / @entity15 fragments and accurate masses of the target compounds and with combination of the @entity15 / @entity15 fragments of the 9 @entity14742 standards, 27 @entity13885 were identified from the extracts of the @entity9052 roots. The validation of the analytical method was thoroughly investigated with 9 @entity14742 standards. It was found that 9 @entity13885 had a better linearity in 0.04 - 9.00 mg/L. The recoveries at the three spiked levels (low, medium and high) were 90% - 100%, 98% - 104% and 96% - 103%, respectively. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) of the peak area ratio of 9 @entity14742 standards to internal standard at the medium spiked level were not more than 11.3%, which were satisfactory for profiling analysis of herb extracts. This method is characterized by its high resolution, rapidness, simplicity and reliability, and has been successfully applied to the evaluation of the differentiation between 2- and 6-year-old @entity9052 roots. It can be expected that this method is also useful for the fast determination of the @entity13885 in other @entity9052 related samples.

title: [An ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometric method for fast analysis of @entity13885 in XXXX root].

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['relative standard deviations', 'RSDs']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['Panax ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity13885 :: ('MESH:D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenosides']

entities_list: @entity14742 :: ('CHEBI:74978', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium formate']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Panax ginseng']


abstract: The WHI was stopped prematurely because of an increased risk of @entity0 , @entity64 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) arm of the trial. Changes in the use of HRT are expected. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) publication on the rate of HRT prescription, and the clinical characteristics and persistence rate of new users and its determinants. METHODS: From the RAMQ databases, the total numbers of HRT prescriptions, and of new HRT's users were calculated between 2 January 1998 and 31 May 2003. To assess the clinical characteristics of @entity1 , two retrospective cohorts of new HRT's users were constructed before (pre-WHI) and after (post-WHI) the WHI study publication. The persistence rate after 1 year of follow-up was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression models were used to estimate the rate ratio of HRT cessation. RESULTS: The total numbers of HRT users and of new users declined respectively by 28% and 50% in post-WHI. The standard dosage of HRT was significantly less used, while the proportion of @entity1 with risk factors of @entity65 or at very high risk of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) did not change. The rate of persistence in the pre-WHI cohort was 59% compared to 45% in the post-WHI (p < 0.0001), and @entity1 with risk factors of @entity65 or at very high risk of @entity453 were less likely to cease their HRT. CONCLUSION: One year after publication, significant changes had already occurred in the trends of use, @entity1 's characteristics and @entity172 dosage. No change in the proportion of new users with @entity65 risk factors or at very high risk of @entity453 was seen.

title: Changes in pattern of use, clinical characteristics and persistence rate of hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal XXXX after the WHI publication.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3136 is a serious complication of chemotherapy that results in @entity158 debilitating @entity32 , necessitating the administration of analgesics. There is no cure for @entity33 . Some studies have evaluated the effect of @entity17562 on @entity33 . The present study aims to evaluate the effect of oral @entity17562 on prevention of @entity33 , @entity2133 , and @entity158 induced by chemotherapy. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out on 50 adult @entity1 who underwent chemotherapy during 2008-2009. @entity1 were divided in two groups. @entity1 in the intervention group were administered three, 220 mg @entity17562 capsules daily until the end of their chemotherapy treatment. @entity1 in the placebo group received three placebo capsules daily, which were similar in shape, taste, and color to the @entity17562 capsules. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 17 software, using the independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. RESULTS: The incidence of grade 3 @entity33 was lower in the @entity17562 group. In the first follow up, grade 3 @entity33 was detected in 10% of @entity1 . In the placebo group, grade 3 @entity33 was seen in 46.6% of @entity1 . By the fourth follow up, grade 3 @entity33 was detected in 3.33% of @entity1 in the intervention group and in 20% of @entity1 in the placebo group. At the end of the study there was no grade 3 @entity33 detected in the @entity17562 group, whereas there were 3.57% of @entity1 in the placebo group with grade 3 @entity33 .   The results also showed that @entity17562 decreased the effects of @entity2133 and @entity158 in @entity1 under chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that @entity17562 might decrease the intensity of @entity33 .

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of @entity17562 in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced XXXX : a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: The chaperone/usher pathway controls assembly of fibres of adhesive organelles of Gram-negative bacteria. The final steps of fibre assembly and fibre translocation to the cell surface are co-ordinated by the outer membrane proteins, ushers. Ushers consist of several soluble periplasmic domains and a single transmembrane beta-barrel. Here we report isolation and structural/functional characterization of a novel middle domain of the @entity52476 usher from @entity12502 . The isolated @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) is a highly soluble monomeric protein capable of autonomous folding. A 2.8 A (1 A=0.1 nm) resolution crystal structure of @entity2172 revealed that this domain has an immunoglobulin-like fold similar to that of donor-strand-complemented @entity52477 fibre subunit. Moreover, these proteins displayed significant structural similarity. Although @entity2172 is in the middle of the predicted amphipathic beta-barrel of @entity52476 , the usher still assembled in the membrane in the absence of this domain. @entity2172 did not bind @entity52478 complexes, but its presence was shown to be essential for @entity52477 fibre secretion. The study suggests that @entity2172 may play the role of a subunit-substituting protein (dummy subunit), plugging or priming secretion through the channel in the @entity52476 usher. Comparison of isolated @entity2172 with the recent structure of the corresponding domain of PapC usher revealed high similarity of the core structures, suggesting a universal structural adaptation of FGL (F(1)G(1) long) and @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) chaperone/usher pathways for the secretion of different types of fibres. The functional role of two topologically different states of this plug domain suggested by structural and biochemical results is discussed.

title: @entity52476 usher possesses a @entity52477 subunit-like domain that is crucial for XXXX fibre secretion.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['usher middle domain', 'UMD']

entities_list: @entity12502 :: ('632', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia pestis']

answer: @entity52477 :: (3077338(Tax:632),Gene) :: ['Caf1']


abstract: AIM: The contribution of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) to the neural control of regional renal perfusion in vivo remains unknown. We therefore examined whether P2X receptors mediate renal vascular responses to electrical stimulation of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in pentobarbitone anaesthetized @entity95 . METHODS: Responses to @entity8 were tested before and during renal arterial infusion of @entity861 (alpha,beta-mATP, 7-56 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) to desensitize P2X1 receptors. @entity8 consisted of 3 min trains at graded frequencies and short trains of @entity8 (4-32 pulses). RESULTS: Three-minute trains of @entity8 (RBF), @entity6795 ( @entity6795 ), and medullary LDF (MLDF) by -90 +/- 3%, -89 +/- 3% and -31 +/- 11%, respectively, at 4 Hz. MLDF was reduced less than @entity6795 or RBF. During short train @entity8 , RBF, @entity6795 and MLDF were reduced by -22 +/- 2%, -15 +/- 2% and -12 +/- 2%, respectively, for 32 s at 1 Hz. @entity6795 and MLDF were reduced to a similar extent. Infusion of alpha,beta-mATP induced transient reductions in RBF, @entity6795 and MLDF, but within 5 min these variables had recovered to control levels. Vascular responses to @entity8 were not significantly altered by alpha,beta-mATP treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity95 kidney in vivo, alpha,beta-mATP-sensitive receptors mediate vasoconstriction and reduce perfusion in both cortical and medullary vascular beds. However, these receptors do not mediate neurally induced reductions in renal perfusion.

title: Lack of contribution of P2X receptors to neurally mediated vasoconstriction in the XXXX kidney in vivo.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RNS reduced renal blood flow', 'renal nerves', 'RNS']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical laser Doppler flux', 'CLDF']

entities_list: @entity861 :: ('MESH:C002630', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha,beta-methylene ATP']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1526 is an endemic parasitic affliction in Latin America. It is frequently associated with @entity1165 and @entity944 . The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of @entity1 with @entity1526 treated with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-nine chagasic @entity1 with @entity737 were included for analysis from the Medtronic @entity737 Registry Latin America. At implant, mean age was 59 +/- 10 years, and 72% were male. Eighty-one @entity1 (91%) had secondary prevention indications. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 +/- 11%, and mean follow-up was 12 +/- 7 months. During follow-up, six @entity1 died (6.7%); three due to @entity712 , one due to @entity944 , and two due to non-cardiac cause. Hospitalization occurred in seven @entity1 . Thirty-eight @entity1 (42%) received appropriate @entity737 therapies. A total of 737 episodes were detected by the @entity737 . The mean period between @entity737 implantation and the first appropriate therapy was 104 days. Electrical storms were observed in 14 of the 89 @entity1 (15.7%). Inappropriate therapies were observed in seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This registry confirms that @entity737 therapy provides protection by effectively terminating life-threatening @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity1526 . This is especially so when @entity1 receive the device for secondary prevention.

title: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and XXXX : results of the @entity737 Registry Latin America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of @entity43 . METHODS: From 1958 approximately 1998, a total of 74 @entity1 with benign and @entity5 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The reviewed diagnosis were 8 @entity1 with @entity5 , 66 @entity1 were benign thecoma. Nine of 66 @entity1 with benign thecoma appeared cell proliferative activity. The mean age was 52 years. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal-pelvic masses (56.8%), metromenorrhagia and abnormal @entity3556 , other symptoms were @entity490 , @entity249 followed. Twenty-two of 66 @entity1 had @entity843 , only 1 @entity1 with @entity843 and hydrothorax simultaneously. Thirty-nine @entity1 with diseases which associate with excessive estrogenic stimulation, including 1 @entity1204 and 1 @entity1478 and other diseases such as: @entity1868 ; @entity1869 . Fifteen @entity1 with benign thecoma were evaluated blood serum CA(125), the CA(125) were elevated in 9 of 15 @entity1 . In 2 of 9 @entity1 with cell proliferative activity, the @entity5 invaded adjacent tissues or relapsed, after received operation and pelvic radiotherapy, they are alive 11 years and 27 years respectively. Among 8 @entity1 with @entity5 , 4 @entity1 without postoperation therapy or with non-standard chemotherapy died in 2 years postoperation, the other 4 @entity1 received operation, postoperational radiotherapy or (and) chemotherapy, 1 of 4 @entity1 died of irradiation intestinal fistule 4 years later; two @entity1 are alive without disease more than 10 years, another one for 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1777 have good prognosis, but we should pay attention to thecomas with proliferative activity. The prognosis of @entity5 is poor, postoperative systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy to the @entity1 with @entity5 can improve their survival.

title: [Clinical analysis of 74 cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian thecoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant thecomas', 'malignant thecoma']

entities_list: @entity1777 :: ('MESH:C537296', 'Disease') :: ['Theca cell tumor of ovary']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia and polyp']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian thecoma']


abstract: AIM: In colorectal surgery, anastomotic failure is still a problem in @entity63 . Here,we analyzed the effects of hyperbaric @entity26 and beta-glucan on colon anastomoses in @entity63 . METHODS: Colonic resection and @entity254 in rectosigmoid region were done in forty @entity35 -Albino @entity35 of four groups of equal number. Colon mesentery was ligated to induce @entity63 . The first group was the control group. The subjects of second group were treated with hyperbaric @entity26 ;the third group with glucan and the forth group were treated with both. At the forth day, @entity35 were sacrificed,anastomotic segment was resected and burst pressures and @entity720 levels of anastomotic line were measured. RESULTS: The burst pressure difference of second and third groups from the control group were meaningful (P<0.01); the forth group differed significantly from the control (P<0.001). There was no difference between the treated groups on burst pressure level (P>0.05). The @entity720 levels in all treated groups were different from the control group significantly (P<0.001). @entity720 levels in the forth group were higher than those of the second and the third groups (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the second and the fourth groups in burst pressure and @entity720 levels (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric @entity26 and glucan improve healing in ischemic colon anastomoses by anti-microbic,immune stimulating properties and seem to act synergistically when combined together.

title: Effects of hyperbaric XXXX and Pgg-glucan on ischemic colon @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic condition', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyproline', 'hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the clinical presentation, characteristics, and management of @entity439 / @entity2849 formation (APF) in dialysis access @entity292 . METHODS: The treatment methods and outcomes of 31 @entity1 who underwent surgery for APF in dialysis access @entity292 were retrospectively reviewed over a 9-year period. RESULTS: We performed 1558 operations for @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) between 2000 and 2009 at our centre. Of the 1558 operations, 35 were carried out for APFs (2.2%) on 31 @entity1 . Thirty of these operations were restorative. Twenty-two (71%) of these @entity1 had their original access done elsewhere, and all corrective surgeries were performed at our hospital. Approximately 52% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 45.7    17 years. The mean duration of @entity454 was 70.2    51.5 months. The mean number of @entity2548 per @entity1 was 2.2    1.5. Synthetic grafts were used in five @entity1 (16.1%). Most of the procedures were left-sided (67.7%) and @entity292 (48.3%). Among 31 complications, 22 were @entity438 (71%) and nine were @entity2849 (29%). Fourteen @entity1 (46.6%) were treated by excision of the @entity439 and primary suture repair. The post-intervention primary patencies for all revised APFs were 68%, 56%, and 52% at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Dysfunction of AVF (16.1%) and @entity548 (12.9%) were the most encountered complications after aneurysmectomy. CONCLUSION: Reformative operations should be considered in cases of urgency and irresponsiveness to endovascular surgery rather than closing the @entity292 directly, as it prolongs the duration of AVF patency.

title: Surgical treatment modalities for complicated XXXX and @entity2849 of @entity2548 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial/venous aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['brachial-cephalic fistulas', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: Peritoneal fluid from 52 @entity1 with minimal and mild @entity46 was aspirated at laparoscopy and PGs were analyzed. Peritoneal lesions were classified into black, red and white lesions and peritoneal pockets, and were excised and pathological examination performed. @entity1 were classified into the black lesion group (n = 17) and the red lesion group (n = 35) according to the main colour of the lesions. 1. Endometrial gland and stroma were found in 78% of @entity75 , 53% of red lesions, 60% of white lesions and 62% of peritoneal pockets. Infiltration of lymphocytes was found in 74% of @entity75 , 83% of red lesions, 80% of white lesions and 77% of peritoneal pockets. 2. The fluid volume of the red lesions group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p less than 0.01). But the fluid volume of the @entity75 group was insignificant as compared with that of the control group. 3. The @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in fluid from the red lesion group were significantly higher than not only the control group (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05) but also the black lesion group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). Only the @entity1421 concentration in fluid from the black lesion group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p less than 0.001). 4. In the red lesion group which had no infertility factors without @entity46 , 20 of 25 @entity1 achieved pregnancy (80%) in a one-year follow up. This was significantly higher than in the @entity75 group (44%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prostaglandins in peritoneal fluid of XXXX with minimal and mild @entity46 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['black lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1492 are rare malignant @entity361 originating from fibroblasts. Importantly, @entity1492 cells were shown to have a high content and turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycans, collagens, fibronectin, and laminin. ECMs are complicated structures that surround and support cells within tissues. During @entity5 progression, significant changes can be observed in the structural and mechanical properties of the ECM components. Importantly, hyaluronan deposition is usually higher in @entity5 as compared to benign tissues, predicting @entity5 progression in some @entity5 types. Furthermore, activated stromal cells are able to produce tissue structure rich in hyaluronan in order to promote @entity5 growth. Key biological roles of HA result from its interactions with its specific @entity1759 and @entity16104 (receptor for HA-mediated motility) cell-surface receptors. HA-receptor downstream signaling pathways regulate in turn cellular processes implicated in tumorigenesis. Growth factors, including PDGF-BB, @entity6474 , and @entity540 , enhanced hyaluronan deposition to ECM and modulated HA-receptor expression in @entity1492 cells. Indeed, @entity540 through upregulation of specific HAS isoforms and hyaluronan synthesis regulated secretion and net hyaluronan deposition to the @entity1492 pericellular matrix modulating these cells' migration capability. In this paper we discuss the involvement of hyaluronan/ @entity16104 / @entity1759 mediated signaling in the insidious pathways of @entity1492 progression.

title: The roles of hyaluronan/ XXXX / @entity1759 and their respective interactions along the insidious pathways of @entity1492 progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosarcomas', 'fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity16104 :: (3161,Gene) :: ['RHAMM']


abstract: Treatment with excessive amounts of @entity904 during maternity induces @entity2241 . However, it is unclear whether these @entity600 are due to gene mutations or not. Using @entity19 (containing lacZ gene showing beta-galactosidase enzymatic activity), we planned to observe whether gene mutations occur in the fetal tissues after treatment during maternity with @entity904 ( @entity6247 ). On the 11th day of pregnancy, mothers were given 30 mg (group 2), 150 mg (group 3) and 300 mg (group 4) of @entity904 /kg body weight orally. Fetuses obtained on the 18th day of gestation showed @entity600 , such as @entity2419 , origodactyly, brachydactyly and ectromeria. Most notably, @entity2419 occurred dose dependently. The incidental rates were 100% in group 4, 58% in group 3 and 6% in group 2. The number of dead and absorbed fetuses also increased dose dependently with the treatments. DNA (integrated vectors containing lacZ genes) extracted from each fetus showed @entity904 -induced lacZ mutations, especially in the malformed fetuses. The mutation frequencies were 4.99x10(-5) in group 4, 5.28x10(-5) in group 3 and 4.26x10(-5) in group 2. The frequencies of group 3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the controls (group 1), 2.79x10(-5). Maternal treatment with @entity904 (150 mg/kg of body weight) was carried out on the 11th day of pregnancy. Fetuses obtained on the 14th day of gestation showed a much higher incidence of mutation, approximately 8.91x10(-5) (group 6) that was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than those from the controls (group 5), 2.94x10(-5). The present study indicates a possibility that @entity8853 A-induced @entity2241 and @entity204 might be caused by gene mutations.

title: XXXX resulting in DNA aberration in fetal @entity19 (Muta @entity19 ).

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol palmitate']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity8853 :: ('MESH:D006986', 'Disease') :: ['hypervitaminosis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal malformations', 'fetal malformation']

answer: @entity8853 :: (MESH:D006986,Disease) :: ['Hypervitaminosis A']


abstract: The adhesive interactions of eosinophils with purified E-, P-, and L-selectins; @entity4725 molecule; and HUVEC were examined in shear flow. Compared with neutrophils, eosinophils showed markedly less binding to @entity4105 , but significantly stronger avidity for @entity8729 . Both cell types showed a similar level of tethering and rolling on @entity1196 . Eosinophils tethered and arrested abruptly on @entity4725 . However, some of the tethers were detached within several seconds; this was prevented by stimulation with eotaxin. Eosinophils also showed immediate arrest on HUVEC stimulated with 100 U/ml TNF-alpha for 6 h. Treatment with @entity1196 mAb decreased eosinophil accumulation on the HUVEC by abrogating secondary tethers through interactions between flowing and attached eosinophils. mAb to @entity8729 but not to @entity4105 strongly inhibited primary tethers and accumulation of eosinophils. mAb to the @entity5690 inhibited arrest, induced rolling or detachment of tethered eosinophils, and resulted in partial reduction of eosinophil accumulation. mAb to the integrin @entity2263 subunit had only a slight effect, whereas treatment with mAb to the @entity5690 and @entity2263 subunits together abolished rolling interactions as well as arrest, and thus almost totally inhibited eosinophil accumulation. Our data indicate that @entity8729 , but not @entity4105 , is directly involved in eosinophil tethering on inflammatory endothelium while @entity1196 mainly mediates intereosinophil interaction. VLA-4 has a crucial role in eosinophil arrest, and arrest is enhanced by exposure to chemoattractants.

title: XXXX , @entity1196 , and alpha 4 integrin have distinct roles in eosinophil tethering and arrest on vascular endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions.

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity5690 :: ('3676', 'Gene') :: ['integrin alpha 4', 'integrin alpha 4 subunit']

answer: @entity8729 :: (6403,Gene) :: ['P-selectin']


abstract: Clinical manifestation and immunoserological features of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) were analyzed in this paper in 107 @entity1 with @entity2597 . In the group of @entity1 with confirmed @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were positive in 43/93 (46.23%), while in 50/93 (53.76%) they were negative. Among aPL positive @entity1 , 33/43 (76.74%) had clinical manifestations of @entity1701 , while 10 @entity1 (23.26%) were without any clinical manifestations. The most frequent manifestations of @entity1701 associated with @entity1252 were: arteriovenous @entity715 in 20/43 (46.51%), thrombocitopenia in 15/43 (34.88%) and @entity5506 in 7/43 (16.27%). In our @entity1 , rare manifestations of @entity1701 associated with @entity1252 were recurrent fetal loss (1 case), @entity12288 (1 case), transversal @entity4685 (2 cases), @entity16 (2 cases) and @entity884 (Libman-Sacks) (5 cases). Among 7 @entity1 , with Sj  gren's syndrome, clinically manifested @entity1701 was observed in 2, while in other 5 only increased aPL levels were found, as well as in @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 -3, MCTD-2 and Sy. Sj  gren with @entity1333 -1. One @entity309 @entity1 had @entity715 of v. cava inferior. In majority of @entity1 with clinically present @entity1701 the levels of both examined immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG + IgM) were decreased-21/40 or 52.5%, while isolated increase of IgG was found in 14 (35%) and isolated increase of IgM in 5 (19.22%) @entity1 . In three out of five @entity1 with Libman-Sacks only LA test was positive. This investigation have shown that arterial and @entity1150 are the most common manifestations of @entity1701 in @entity1252 . Every blood vessel may be involved (from arteriolae to the aorta and from postcapilar venules to the v. cava).

title: @entity1701 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['systemic connective tissue diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['secondary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic endocarditis']

answer: @entity2597 :: (MESH:D003240,Disease) :: ['systemic connective tissue diseases']


abstract: @entity1712 in tissues and/or circulating blood is known to be associated with a wide variety of @entity5 but the role of the eosinophil in neoplastic conditions is not known. Using the cheek pouch of the @entity329 as an experimental model for @entity105 , it has recently been shown that eosinophils at sites of developing @entity5 express the multifunctional cytokine, @entity54360 ( @entity54360 ). This study investigated the time course of eosinophil infiltration, tissue @entity1712 associated with malignant epithelium, and eosinophil-derived @entity54360 mRNA during the 16-week @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity5 development process. The results reveal that the occasional eosinophil is normally present in the lamina propria of hamster oral mucosa. With progressive @entity106 treatments, there is an increase of eosinophils infiltrating into the lamina propria. By weeks 12-16, the number of eosinophils is significantly higher in @entity106 -treated pouches than in control pouches treated with the vehicle mineral oil alone. Analysis of the infiltrating eosinophils into fully developed @entity1697 reveals that tissue @entity1712 is associated with 78% of the stromal areas associated with malignant epithelium, while only 7% of sites associated with non- @entity5 oral epithelium (normal, @entity6349 ) exhibited @entity1712 . Furthermore, the majority of the eosinophils associated with malignant epithelium were found to contain @entity54360 mRNA. The number of @entity54360 mRNAs containing eosinophils associated with malignant oral epithelium is significantly higher than that associated with nonmalignant oral epithelium. Together, these results suggest that eosinophils are recruited to @entity5 -developing sites, that they predominantly associate with malignant epithelium, and that most @entity5 -associated eosinophils express the cytokine @entity54360 .

title: Eosinophils, tissue @entity1712 , and eosinophil-derived @entity54360 in hamster XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['hamster oral carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity54360 :: ('101823727', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha', 'TGF-alpha']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic-dysplastic']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['oral carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast milk is occasionally considered as a potential source of @entity281 . Only a few cases of transmission of @entity5967 ( @entity5011 ) through breast milk have been published. The incidence of @entity5011 in breast milk varies among studies. The incidence of @entity5011 in breast milk in mothers with positive prenatal vaginal swabs for @entity5011 is not known. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of @entity5011 in the breast milk of @entity1 colonized with @entity5011 before delivery ( @entity5011 vaginal swabs positive) and @entity1 non-colonized with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 negative) during the first week after term delivery. METHODS: Breast milk from our sample of @entity1 was checked for the presence of @entity5011 . A sample of 5 ml of breast milk was collected from each @entity1 between days 3 and 7 after term delivery. Statistical analysis was carried out to test the relationship between bacterial content and @entity5011 status of the @entity1 . RESULTS: We identified only 2 of 243 (0.82%) @entity5011 positive breast milk cultures during the study, both in the @entity5011 negative group. There was found to be no @entity5011 positive breast milk in @entity1 with positive prenatal vaginal swabs for @entity5011 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity5011 positive cultures in breast milk in the study was low. When comparing the incidence of @entity5011 positive breast milk cultures between @entity1 colonized with @entity5011 before delivery and @entity1 non-colonized with @entity5011 , we identified only 2 @entity5011 positive breast milk cultures, both in @entity5011 non-colonized @entity1 .

title: Group B XXXX colonization of breast milk of group B @entity5967 positive mothers.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['streptococcus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a general review of experimental strategies used to improve functional outcome after @entity1897 . In order to understand the mechanisms behind the strategies, the process of nerve healing after injury is described briefly and each strategy is described in its context. Since the functional outcome is not solely determined by nerve regeneration but by a number of different factors, we have also chosen to cover many other important topics. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Review article. CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcome after @entity1897 is often poor and sometimes associated with @entity9 . Therapeutic intervention can be carried out at different levels and we attempt to place the different strategies and target molecules, in the context of the nerve healing process. The most obvious interventions are perhaps to minimize cell death and enhance regeneration across the lesion gap. Others, which are more difficult, may be to limit @entity9 , improve target finding and cortical reorganization, counteract effects of prolonged denervation/axotomy, and reduce electrical conduction block at the scar formation. Although clinical outcome is often poor at present, recent preclinical research provides several promising approaches and new target molecules for therapeutic intervention, such as @entity2057 ( @entity6352 and @entity30622 ) treatment of @entity9 , manipulation of the small Rho GTPases (Rac, Rho, @entity5605 , @entity41024 ), lipid raft manipulation, gene silencing with DNA enzyme and siRNA. In addition, recent research involving high throughput screening of gene expression (microarray) after @entity128 encourages the discoveries of new possible target molecules.

title: Emerging strategies to promote improved functional outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: In August 1987, a 66-year-old @entity1 was hospitalized because of macrohematuria and right @entity812 . He had undergone resection of middle and lower part of the esophagus with esophagogastrostomy for @entity418 on April 16, 1984. Computed tomography revealed a solid, irregular, low density area in the upper pole of the right kidney and the right lobe of the liver. Arteriography showed a hypovascular mass in the upper pole of the right kidney, and several small @entity5 stains in the liver. At cystoscopic examination, the urinary bladder was normal and blood flowing from bilateral ureters was not seen. Cytological study of urine sediment disclosed @entity957 . The @entity1 was treated with systemic chemotherapy, but not improved. He died 6 months later, and the autopsy demonstrated widespread @entity3 in various organs including the right kidney and liver. No recurrence was found in the residual esophagus. The kidney is the sixth organ of @entity3 following the lung, liver, bone, adrenal, peritoneum and mesenterium. Although @entity3 to the kidney is relatively common in autopsy, it is uncommon to be manifest clinically.

title: [Metastatic renal tumor of XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: In internal posterior fixation of thoracolumbar @entity174 combined with transpedicular cancellous bone graft and posterior fusion of the intervertebral facet joints at the level of the destroyed end plate it is still uncertain as to whether significant @entity891 and loss of correction of the @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) and the @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) occur (after removal of the implants). These questions were investigated in a retrospective study of 183 consecutive @entity1 , 18-65 years old, with a spinal fracture between the 9th thoracic and the 5th lumbar vertebral body (inclusive), treated operatively between 1988 and 1996 (27% had objective @entity51 , 37% had @entity1230 ). According to the Comprehensive Classification, 128 type A, 32 type B and 21 type C @entity174 were identified preoperatively. Changes in the anterior wedge angle (AWA), the @entity5513 and the @entity5513 were measured preoperatively, and within 1 month, 9 months and 24 months postoperatively. The effect of implant failure was also evaluated. The normality of the distribution was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. The one-sample runs test and the t-test were used to evaluate angle changes. Angles in @entity1 with and without implant failure were compared using the unpaired t-test. Almost complete restoration of the AWA could be achieved during operation. Postoperative changes in AWA were either very small or not significant. The reduced vertebral body did not collapse after 9 months, when most of the @entity1 (170) underwent removal of the implants, but significant changes in @entity5513 were found after implant removal. Correction of the @entity5513 was statistically significant before implant removal, but the @entity5513 2 years after surgery had become almost the same as the preoperative values. Changes at the level of the intervertebral space, occurring after implant removal, contributed to the loss in the @entity5513 . Broken pedicle screws (10.9% of the @entity1 ) resulted in significant changes in the AWA and @entity5513 before implant removal, but did not influence the @entity5513 .

title: Thoracolumbar spinal XXXX : radiological results of transpedicular fixation combined with transpedicular cancellous bone graft and posterior fusion in 183 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral angle', 'IVA', 'regional angle', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral body collapse']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This study describes a rare congenital @entity453 in the @entity329 ; namely, the separate origin of the obtuse marginal and left circumflex arteries which are the main components of the left coronary artery. The hearts of nine affected animals were examined by means of a corrosion-cast technique and histology. The hamsters belonged to a laboratory inbred family with a high incidence of @entity453 and @entity4503 . The aortic valve was tricuspid in three hamsters and bicuspid in the other six hamsters. In all cases, the right coronary artery was normal, whereas the left coronary artery main trunk was absent. The present anomalous coronary artery patterns could be classified into two main entities: (i) ectopic origin of the obtuse marginal artery from the right aortic sinus or from the right coronary artery, with the left circumflex artery arising from the left side of the aortic valve; and (ii) ectopic origin of both the obtuse marginal artery from the right aortic sinus or from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery from the dorsal aortic sinus. In all cases, the obtuse marginal artery coursed to the right side of the heart through the ventral wall of the right ventricular outflow tract. When the left circumflex artery arose from the dorsal aortic sinus, it formed an acute angle with the aortic wall. This report seems to be the first to describe the separate origin of the main components of the left coronary artery in a non- @entity1 @entity1 species. In @entity1 , the congenital coronary artery and aortic @entity340 reported herein may entail the risk of clinical complications. However, none of the affected hamsters showed signs of disease.

title: Separate origin of the main components of the left coronary artery in @entity329 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomalies', 'coronary artery anomaly']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve defects']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Mesocricetus auratus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are among the most common @entity166 and drivers of antibiotic use and in-hospital days. A reduction of antibiotic use potentially lowers the risk of antibiotic resistance. An early and adequate risk assessment combining medical, biopsychosocial and functional risk scores has the potential to optimize site-of-care decisions and thus allocation of limited health-care resources. The aim of this factorial design study is twofold: first, for Intervention A, it investigates antibiotic exposure of @entity1 treated with a protocol based on the type of UTI, @entity1904 (PCT) and @entity4658 . Second, for Intervention B, it investigates the usefulness of the prognostic biomarker @entity26888 (ProADM) integrated into an interdisciplinary assessment bundle for site-of-care decisions. METHODS AND DESIGN: This randomized controlled open-label trial has a factorial design (2       2). Randomization of @entity1 will be based on a pre-specified computer-generated randomization list and independent for the two interventions. Adults with UTI presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) will be screened and enrolled after providing informed consent. For our first Intervention (A), we developed a protocol based on previous observational research to recommend initiation and duration of antibiotic use based on the clinical presentation of UTI, @entity4658 and PCT levels. For our second intervention (B), an algorithm was developed to support site-of care decisions based on the prognostic marker ProADM and distinct nursing factors on days 1 and 3. Both interventions will be compared with a control group conforming to the guidelines. The primary endpoints for the two interventions will be: (A) overall exposure to antibiotics and (B) length of physician-led hospitalization within a follow-up of 30 days. Endpoints are assessed at discharge from hospital, and 30 and 90 days after admission. We plan to screen 300 @entity1 and enroll 250 for an anticipated estimated loss of follow-up of 20%. This will provide adequate power for the two interventions. DISCUSSION: This trial investigates two strategies for improved individualized medical care in @entity1 with UTI. The minimally effective duration of antibiotic therapy is not known for @entity293 , which is important for reducing the selection pressure for antibiotic resistance, costs and drug-related side effects. Triage decisions must be improved to reflect the true medical, biopsychosocial and functional risks in order to allocate @entity1 to the most appropriate care setting and reduce hospital-acquired disability. TRIAL REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">ISRCTN13663741.

title: @entity1904 , XXXX and @entity26888 in the management of urinary tract infections--'triple p in uti': study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26888 :: ('MESH:C088633', 'Chemical') :: ['proadrenomedullin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity4658 :: (MESH:D011776,Disease) :: ['pyuria']


abstract: The authors analyse which therapeutic strategy to adopt on the basis of prognostic factors and staging of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 . They underline the effectiveness of combined multimodal therapy in the treatment of very advanced metastatic stages. 218 @entity1 with metastases from @entity14 (12 pulmonary and 206 hepatic metastases) were treated from January 1980 to October 2000. Among these @entity1 , 159 underwent surgery (4 pulmonary and 155 hepatic resections), 16 were reoperated on for metastatic relapse, 14 with multiple metastases underwent locoregional therapy and 29, deemed unresectable initially, were treated with neoadjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. In the operated @entity1 group the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 22% with an operative mortality of 3.8% and a morbidity of 17.5%. The 16 @entity1 reoperated on for metastatic relapse had a 5-year actuarial survival of 21% with an operative mortality of 6.2% and a morbidity of 15.8%. The 14 @entity1 treated with locoregional therapy had a median survival of 6 months whereas the 29 @entity1 treated in two different periods with combined multimodal treatment had a response rate of 59.2%. Five @entity1 had a complete response and 4 are currently disease-free. Surgical resection is at present the best known treatment for @entity3 . In very advanced, as yet undisseminated stages, in which there is no surgical indication for metastases a neoadjuvant treatment is proposed if the primary @entity5 has already been completely resected. The aim of this therapeutic strategy, called combined multimodal therapy, is to obtain the disease regression with the aid of systemic chemo- and radiotherapy and to offer a chance of re-staging the disease.

title: [Combined multimodal treatment for liver and lung metastasis from XXXX : a new therapeutic option?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a two month history of dry cough and @entity1353 on exertion. A chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse interstitial shadows with a reduction of lower lung volume. Laboratory examinations revealed an increase in @entity9153 and aldolase. There was decreased proximal muscle power, and the findings of a biopsy of the right deltoid were compatible with @entity6558 . @entity1109 were stable, but the respiratory symptoms worsened, and an open lung biopsy was performed for diagnosis and to determine the best treatment. The histological findings of biopsy materials demonstrated active @entity401 complicated by cellular @entity401 , @entity3616 , @entity2416 and @entity706 . The @entity1 responded well to adrenocorticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, and is now attending as an out @entity1 . It is well known that PM- @entity3918 can be associated with @entity401 , and this complication is an important prognostic factor clinically. The pathological patterns of @entity401 in PM- @entity3918 may be divided into @entity2416 and @entity3616 . Furthermore, it is well documented that these patterns are concurrent with the response to adrenocorticosteroid and prognostic factors. However, our case of PM- @entity3918 , in which various patterns such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were pathologically revealed, cannot be considered as having uniform pathological pattern. We consider that pulmonary pathological patterns of PM- @entity3918 are very varied, as with @entity309 . It is a very important to evaluate the nature of these patterns and the subsequent clinical course in PM- @entity3918 with @entity401 .

title: [A case of XXXX of polymyositis-dermatomyositis with various pathological findings in open lung biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Myositic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity348 ( @entity348 ) recipients experience @entity158 following the procedure. @entity1 are provided with medications to manage @entity158 but there is little information regarding their usage of analgesics after hospital discharge. This study investigated analgesic usage in recent @entity348 recipients. DESIGN AND @entity1 : A qualitative descriptive approach was taken to produce a summary of the experiences of 14 @entity1 . Purposive sampling methods were used during recruitment. One semistructured interview was conducted with each @entity1 . Interviewing continued until theoretical saturation was reached. RESULTS: Most @entity1 used less medication than was prescribed and stopped taking prescription analgesics before requiring a renewal. @entity1 adjusted their usage in response to @entity158 , adverse effects, advice from their family and healthcare providers, fears of becoming "hooked," and a general dislike of taking medications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 modifications to medication regimens are often labeled as @entity1 nonadherence; however, @entity1 in this study considered their actions to be adaptive. This conceptual distinction has practical implications for healthcare providers. These findings emphasize the importance of having @entity348 @entity1 develop their @entity158 management regimen in conjunction with healthcare providers so that regimens can be tailored to individual needs.

title: Older adults' postoperative pain medication usage after XXXX : a qualitative descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with bulky or locally advanced cervical or vaginal @entity420 were treated with a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen consisting of nine weekly courses of @entity900 (50 mg/m2) and three courses of @entity1259 (70 mg/m2) at Weeks 1, 4, and 7, followed by radical hysterectomy. Salvage radiotherapy was administered to inoperable @entity1 , whereas postoperative treatment with irradiation or further chemotherapy was given to those with detection of risk factors at surgery. Three @entity1 (14%) did not complete the planned courses of chemotherapy (one refused after the first administration, one had severe myelotoxicity, and one had severe nephrotoxicity). Twenty-one subjects received at least four courses of treatment and were therefore evaluable for response. We observed 4 clinically complete and 10 partial responses, accounting for an objective response rate of 67%. Eighteen subjects (82%) underwent surgery without serious complications. No histopathologic complete response was observed. The response rate is in the lower range observed with other regimens for @entity957 . Although feasible, this regimen implies a significant risk of myelotoxicity. This enhanced @entity137 may be justified only if balanced by long-term survival.

title: Intense neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1259 for advanced or bulky cervical and vaginal @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity2946 is a rare adult primary @entity1313 for which limited retrospective studies are available to elucidate natural history or to guide therapy. A retrospective chart and imaging review of adult @entity1 (aged >18 years) with @entity2946 was performed to identify survival and prognostic factors. Fifty-seven @entity1 were evaluated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center from 1978-1998. Statistical analysis of prognostic factors and overall survival was performed for a subgroup of 28 @entity1 who were followed exclusively at our institution from the time of diagnosis until @entity204 or last follow-up. These 28 @entity1 had an overall survival of 91% at 3 years and 84% at 5 years, whereas median survival was not reached after a median follow-up of 168 weeks (range, 9-602 weeks). Progression-free survival for all @entity1 was 68% at 3 years and 62% at 5 years, and was not statistically different between poor- and standard-risk @entity1 . Univariate analysis of clinical features, such as age, sex, extent of @entity66 , extent of resection, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, did not identify any prognostic variables for survival among the 28 @entity1 . Patterns of recurrence revealed that the posterior fossa was the most common site (56%), followed by bone marrow (25%). @entity2946 appears to have a favorable prognosis after treatment with maximally surgically feasible resection followed by craniospinal irradiation. Optimal treatment remains to be clarified, as both standard-risk and poor-risk @entity1 have prolonged disease-free survival. The marked difference between survival and progression-free survival suggests that salvage therapy, usually with combination chemotherapy in this cohort of @entity1 , is of benefit. More formal analysis of the survival benefit was not possible, however, because of the small number of @entity1 treated at recurrence with any one therapeutic regimen.

title: Survival and recurrence factors in XXXX : the M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center experience from 1978 to 1998.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'Adult medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['adult medulloblastoma']


abstract: In tree shrews ( @entity13190 ), both males and females mark their surroundings with urine and skin gland secretions. In this study we examined in standard tests the modulation of marking behavior of male and female tree shrews by hormones and chemical signals of conspecifics. Males mark more frequently than females in the absence of conspecific scent. Female scent elicits only low marking responses in both sexes. Male scent stimulates marking of both sexes, with a much higher response in females. Increasing amounts of male scent result in a corresponding increase in marking by females. In contrast, male marking is maximally stimulated by low scent concentrations of male conspecifics, whereas higher scent concentrations inhibit male marking. Gonadectomy diminishes male marking activities under all scent conditions, whereas in females only the response to male scent is reduced. In unscented cages, the low marking activities of castrated males and intact females are stimulated by treatment with @entity251 or @entity53 . In the presence of male scent, however, only @entity251 , but not @entity53 , stimulates marking of castrated males. Marking of intact males or females is not increased by either hormone. As this study shows, external (scent of conspecifics) and internal factors (sex hormone levels) interact to regulate tree shrews' marking behavior in a sex-specific manner. These results are discussed with respect to the sex-specific contexts and functions of tree shrews' marking behavior.

title: Sex-specific regulation of marking behavior by sex hormones and conspecifics scent in tree shrews ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity13190 :: ('37347', 'Species') :: ['Tupaia belangeri']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity13190 :: (37347,Species) :: ['Tupaia belangeri']


abstract: The energy expenditure of free-living animals has been studied extensively by the doubly-labeled water (DLW) technique. This method provides a reasonably accurate estimate of daily energy needs. However, there is considerable interest in the energy demands of animals over much shorter timescales, for which the DLW technique is less useful. We examined the possibility of measuring the expenditure of small animals over these shorter timescales from the washout kinetics of a bolus dose of @entity7352 labeled @entity3157 . The study involved 19 laboratory @entity19 which were injected either i.p. or s.c. with 0.2 ml of @entity7352 labeled @entity3157 in water. @entity19 were placed in a standard respirometry system, maintained at different temperatures to precipitate a 3 fold variation in metabolism. Samples of breath were collected from the chamber into vacutainers at one minute intervals for approximately 40 minutes to an hour. Samples were analyzed by admission to a mass spectrometer (VG Optima) via a GC interface which identified and admitted the @entity515 peak. The log converted isotope elimination was linear (r2 > 98% in all cases) indicating a single pool was involved. We evaluated the pool size from a dilution series of the injectate in equilibrium with @entity515 gas. Conventional compartmental analysis produced an estimate which on average across the 19 individuals provided a reasonable estimate of the @entity515 production. Individual estimates were however imprecise and the overall correlation between isotope and calorimeter estimates had an r2 of only 15%. Reasons for this discrepancy are unclear. Nevertheless an empirical model, using the elimination gradient, pool size and route of isotope administration as predictors explained 86% of the variation in @entity515 production. Elimination of a bolus dose of @entity7352 labeled @entity3157 provides a useful tool for estimating the energy metabolism of @entity19 over intervals between 15 and 40 minutes.

title: Validation of the labeled @entity3157 technique for measurement of short-term energy expenditure in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity301 , @entity101 , and @entity2299 are highly prevalent and commonly coexist in @entity1 who are middle-aged and older. Previous data suggested that lowering @entity165 concentrations in individuals at high risk of @entity65 improved clinical outcomes. Xuezhikang, a partial extract of red @entity375 @entity579 containing statin, has a marked impact on lipids. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the impact of Xuezhikang on reducing cardiovascular events and mortality in elderly Chinese @entity101 @entity1 with a history of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) enrolled in the Chinese Coronary Secondary Prevention Study. In this randomized trial, 1530 elderly @entity101 @entity1 (> or = 65-years-old) with @entity583 were assigned either to placebo (n = 758) or to Xuezhikang (n = 772) daily for an average of 4.5 years. The primary endpoint was recurrent coronary events; the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality and other clinical events, including adverse effects. There were 68 cases of coronary events (8.8%) detected in the Xuezhikang group and 108 cases (14.3%) in the placebo group (38.2% risk reduction by Xuezhikang therapy). Death from @entity301 ( @entity301 ) totaled 49 cases in the Xuezhikang group (6.4%) and 68 cases in the placebo group (9.0%), indicating that Xuezhikang significantly decreased the risk of @entity301 death by 29.2%. Our study demonstrated that Xuezhikang therapy could effectively and safely reduce cardiovascular events and all-cause death in Chinese elderly @entity101 @entity1 with @entity583 . This finding may have an important implication for the treatment of elderly @entity101 @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: Beneficial impact of Xuezhikang on cardiovascular events and mortality in elderly @entity101 @entity1 with previous XXXX from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study (CCSPS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'previous MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity2615 is a rare @entity5 that is considered an @entity2100 . It occurs in individuals following a longer latency period from first exposure than other @entity1355 -related diseases. The @entity5 also occurs in individuals with a wide range of exposures, including individuals with lower level or secondary exposures. In the present study lung tissue from 54 individuals with a pathological diagnosis of @entity2615 was evaluated for @entity1053 and uncoated @entity1355 fiber content. The data were compared with an earlier study of @entity2615 cases from the northwestern United States. Tissue was prepared via a digestion procedure, with the collected digestate reviewed by light microscopy for quantification of @entity1355 bodies and analytical transmission electron microscopy for determination of uncoated fiber burden. Twenty-seven cases in the present study had over 1000 ferruginous bodies per gram of dry tissue. The data suggest that amosite provides a more likely stimulus for ferruginous coating than the other forms of @entity1355 . All individuals were found to have @entity1355 fibers in their lung tissue. Amosite was the most commonly found fiber, with anthophyllite being the second most commonly found type of @entity1355 . The finding of tremolite in the tissue most often was associated with the finding of anthophyllite. A limited number of @entity1355 fibers of each type would have been seen in the light microscope, with the least detected being chrysotile. The majority of all fiber types were found as short fibers (< 8 mum), although some longer fibers were represented in each type of @entity1355 . The majority of the individuals were found to have mixed types of @entity1355 in their lungs.

title: Asbestos burden in cases of XXXX from individuals from various regions of the United States.

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos marker disease']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['ferruginous body']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of arthrocentesis with and without injection of @entity4023 (SH) into the upper joint space in the treatment of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) internal derangements. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-one TMJs in 5 males and 26 females aged 14 to 53 years comprised the study material. The @entity1 ' complaints were @entity2133 opening, @entity158 and @entity925 , and joint noises during function. @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups in which only arthrocentesis was performed in 1 group and arthrocentesis plus intra-articular injection of @entity4023 was performed in the other group. Both groups contained @entity1 with disc displacement with reduction and with closed lock. Clinical evaluation of the @entity1 was done before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, on postoperative day 1, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Intensity of @entity158 , jaw function, and clicking sounds in the @entity1348 were assessed using visual analog scales. @entity2133 opening and lateral jaw movements also were recorded at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Both techniques increased @entity2133 opening, lateral movements, and function, while reducing @entity158 and noise. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 benefitted from both techniques, arthrocentesis with injection of SH seemed to be superior to arthrocentesis alone.

title: Efficacy of @entity1348 arthrocentesis with and without injection of XXXX in treatment of internal derangements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['maximal mouth', 'limited mouth', 'Maximal mouth']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity4023 :: (MESH:D006820,Chemical) :: ['sodium hyaluronate']


abstract: @entity1699 encompasses a spectrum of @entity299 characterized by severe underdevelopment of the structures in the left heart-aorta complex. The severe end of the spectrum consists of aortic @entity1146 and @entity339 , whereas at the mild end @entity1 have aortic valve and @entity339 without @entity849 , recently described as @entity1699 . These @entity1 may be candidates for biventricular repair. Since November 1988, 12 of 13 @entity1 (92%) with @entity1699 have undergone two-ventricle repair and one @entity1 the Norwood operation. Median age at surgery was 7 days (5 to 45 days) and median weight was 3.59 kg (2.6 to 4.3 kg). Biventricular repair consisted of pulmonary homograft patch aortoplasty of the aortic arch and ascending aorta and closure of the interatrial and interventricular communications. The left heart was able to support the systemic circulation in 11 of 12 @entity1 undergoing biventricular repair (92%). The early mortality was two @entity1 (15.4%). The mean follow-up was 67 months (range, 11 months to 133 months). There was one late death at 39 months. Reoperations were necessary in four @entity1 for @entity3585 and in two @entity1 for recurrent @entity1498 . We have successfully achieved biventricular repair in most @entity1 with @entity1699 , a subset of @entity1 with @entity1699 . Reoperation, particularly for @entity3585 , appears likely. Finally, with increased experience, predictive criteria for the feasibility and optimal outcome of biventricular repair will be more accurately defined.

title: Two-Ventricle repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral atresia', 'mitral valve hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'Hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'hypoplastic left heart complex']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['structural cardiac malformations']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: With improved diagnostic imaging techniques, it remains difficult to reduce occult metastatic disease in @entity957 (SCC) to less than 20%. Therefore, supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) still is a valuable staging procedure in these @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinically and ultrasonographically staged cN0 @entity1544 underwent FDG-PET before SOHND. Histologic examination of neck dissection specimens was used as a "gold standard." RESULTS: Twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 were included, representing 30 necks. Occult metastatic disease was found in 30% of SOHND specimens. Average diameter of metastatic deposits was 4.3 mm. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FDG-PET was 33%, 76%, and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with cN0 @entity1544 , FDG-PET does not contribute to the preoperative workup. FDG-PET does not replace SOHND as a staging procedure.

title: FDG-PET in the clinically negative neck in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['SCC of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: DNA vaccines encoding low-molecular-weight allergens have been used to prevent IgE responses. A high-molecular-weight mite allergen Der f 11 that was hardly to be purified for immunotherapy was used to develop a DNA vaccine here. Vaccination of @entity19 with plasmid DNA encoding Df11 (pDf11) induced @entity630 responses characterized by @entity9749 responses and spleen cell secretion of @entity60 . In contrast, sensitization with recombinant Der f 11 (rDf11) and alum induced @entity61 responses characterized by IgE responses and spleen cell secretion of @entity58 and @entity59 . Vaccination with pDf11 prevented the induction of IgE responses. Moreover, it could inhibit on-going IgE responses. The debate whether @entity1961 + or CD8+ T cells were the regulatory cells to inhibit IgE responses by DNA vaccination was also examined. First, sensitization of pDf11-vaccinated @entity19 after depletion of CD8+ T cells still showed suppression of IgE responses. Secondly, adoptive transfer of either @entity1961 - or CD8-depleted spleen cells from pDf11-vaccinated @entity19 suppressed IgE responses. In conclusion, this is the first report to confirm the therapeutic effect of a DNA vaccine encoding a strong allergen on specific IgE responses. Both @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells are crucial for the immunomodulation of IgE responses by pDf11.

title: Induction of specific XXXX responses and suppression of IgE antibody formation by vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding Der f 11.

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In young @entity1 (mean age 25 years) with borderline @entity101 the authors have documented a @entity551 and muscle sympathetic nerve activity 60 mins after 45 mins of submaximal treadmill exercise. The aim of this study was to determine if post exercise @entity551 occurs in normotensive young @entity1 , and if so, if it is accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic nerve activity. DESIGN: Replicating a previous protocol, the authors recorded blood pressure, heart rate, plasma @entity1063 and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography; peroneal nerve) before and 60 mins after submaximal treadmill exercise. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy male volunteers (mean age 28 +/- 5 years). INTERVENTION: Forty-five minutes of treadmill exercise at 70% of resting heart rate reserve. MAIN RESULTS: In contrast to borderline @entity101 subjects, prior exercise had no effect on either @entity551 or muscle sympathetic nerve activity in healthy volunteers. Plasma @entity1063 concentrations were similar before and after exercise. Resting heart rate (56 +/- 3 versus 70 +/- 3 beats/min; P less than 0.002), and sympathetic burst frequency (10 +/- 4 versus 20 +/- 2 bursts/min; P = 0.026) were lower in normal than in borderline @entity101 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: At rest, discharge to muscle sympathetic nerves is increased in young borderline @entity101 @entity1 ; and blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity are decreased after exercise in borderline @entity101 but not normotensive @entity1 . These observations suggest that the depressor response to prolonged rhythmic exercise in young @entity1 with borderline @entity101 may be due in part to transient suppression of augmented central sympathetic outflow.

title: Absence of post exercise @entity551 and sympathoinhibition in normal subjects: additional evidence for increased sympathetic outflow in borderline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic or diastolic blood pressure', 'reduction in systolic blood pressure', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The cell type participating in the mitotic response to the polyclonal B-cell activator (PBA) dextran- @entity597 (DS) was investigated. Cells from @entity19 fetal liver, adult bone marrow, and spleen were studied; only a limited number of all cells present in each organ responded to DS. Morphological studies of the activated cells showed the major population of activated cells in spleen to have the appearance of lymphoblasts. In bone marrow, several classes of @entity1583 cells were mitotically active, including mononuclear cells (lymphoblasts and monocytes), megakaryocytes, and myeloblasts. In these cultures, however, it was not possible to differentiate between DS-activated and spontaneously proliferating cells. Bone marrow and, to some extent, spleen cell cultures activated with DS contained a relative increase in numbers of phagocytic cells, whereas stimulation of spleen cells with lipopolysaccharide did not result in an increased phagocytosis. However, adherent cells were not necessary for activation of DNA synthesis by DS in spleen, and this cell type did not contribute to a measurable degree to the DNA synthetical response. DS cannot be regarded as a general stem cell mitogen for bone marrow cells since it failed to promote colony growth of @entity1583 cells in an in vitro system. However, supernatants from DS-activated spleen and bone marrow cell cultures did stimulate colony growth of @entity19 bone marrow cells, indicating that stem cells of nonlymphoid origin might be indirectly activated by DS. In conclusion, the major cell population activated by DS in spleen is lymphocytes. In bone marrow, other cell types seem to participate in the response as well, but the activation mechanism may be indirect and not primarily the result of DS interaction with these cells.

title: Characterization of dextran- XXXX -sensitive cells.

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is characterized by chronic @entity2348 . Although intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic therapy is regarded as standard treatment in @entity1577 , only few randomised trials comparing different antibiotic compounds exist. METHODS: We report on a prospective multicenter interventional trial of i.v. @entity2889 (120 mg/kg/day) or i.v. @entity5505 (200-400 mg/kg/day), each administered together with i.v. @entity2890 (9-12 mg/kg/day). Outcome measures were changes in lung function, microbiological sputum burden and blood inflammatory marker. Liver and renal function values were measured to assess safety. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen @entity1 (59/59) were included into the study with the following indications: first infection of @entity796 (n=6), acute pulmonary exacerbation (n=34) and suppression therapy of chronic @entity796 colonization (n=78). Both treatments improved lung function measures, bacterial sputum burden and @entity1851 levels with no differences between treatment groups observed. A significant higher elevation for alkaline phosphatase (p<0.0001) was observed for @entity1 in the @entity2889 / @entity2890 group. CONCLUSIONS: i.v. antibiotic therapy in @entity1577 @entity1 with @entity2889 / @entity2890 is as effective as with @entity5505 / @entity2890 regarding lung function, microbiological sputum burden and systemic inflammatory status. Hepato-biliary function should be monitored carefully during i.v. treatment, possibly important in @entity1577 @entity1 with pre-existing @entity409 .

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous XXXX and @entity2890 versus @entity5505 and @entity2890 in cystic fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial broncho-pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity2889 :: (MESH:C059500,Chemical) :: ['meropenem']


abstract: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a chronic @entity272 mediated by allergen-specific T cells which are recruited and activated in lesional skin. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an old systemic agent used at low dosage for the treatment of @entity1569 , another T cell-mediated @entity272 . Since @entity1500 has been shown to improve the clinical symptoms of @entity484 in a model of antigen-specific @entity1909 in @entity19 , we postulated that it could be an effective treatment of @entity483 . In the present open retrospective study, we report our results on the treatment of moderate to severe @entity483 by @entity1500 . Twenty @entity1 (17 to 68-years-old) with low responses to routine therapies were treated (three months to 2 1/2 years) with a weekly dose of @entity1500 ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg. The evaluation was made on physician's global assessment after 3 months of @entity1500 use, and showed that 75% (15/20) of @entity1 improved after 3 months of @entity1500 use, among which 13/20 with an improvement>70%. The beginning of improvement was observed between the fourth and the eighth week after @entity1500 was initiated. Tolerance was good. However, @entity390 and increase of liver enzymes were observed in 5 @entity1 and required discontinuation of @entity1500 in 2 @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity1500 seems to be an effective and safe treatment of @entity483 . Placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations and to define more precisely the effectiveness and safety of @entity1500 in adult @entity483 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of adult @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder', 'inflammatory skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a @entity45238 (S- @entity15588 ) isolated from Gelidiella acerosa, a @entity3595 Lankan marine red algae. METHODS: S- @entity15588 , a white amorphous powder was separated from more polar fractions of the @entity4315 soluble of 1:1 @entity17058 / @entity2716 extract and subjected to 1H, @entity7352 NMR and IR Spectroscopy after reverse phase HPLC for identification. Effects of S- @entity15588 on @entity1 sperm motility was assessed in vitro at 10, 100 and 1,000 microg/mL concentrations at 37 degrees C for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. RESULTS: S- @entity15588 was identified as a glycolipid sulfate. The lower dose increased the sperm motility slightly, whilst the medium dose significantly increased the motility (P < 0.05) from 5 min of incubation reaching a peak at 15 min and the stimulant effect was sustained throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, the medium dose rendered 80% of the immotile viable sperm motile. In contrast, the highest dose impaired the sperm motility. The sperm stimulating activity of S- @entity15588 was dose-dependent and had a bell-shaped dose response curve for all the 5 incubation periods. CONCLUSION: S- @entity15588 of Gelidiella acerosa is a @entity45238 . S- @entity15588 has a potent sperm motility stimulating activity in vitro and has the potential to be developed into a sperm stimulant.

title: XXXX sperm motility stimulating activity of a @entity45238 isolated from @entity3595 Lankan marine red alga Gelidiella acerosa.

entities_list: @entity45238 :: ('MESH:C024615', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfono glycolipid', 'sulfono glycolipid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity378 has been a major public health problem in Poland for many decades. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate incidence of @entity1906 in Poland in 2004 and to examine trends of @entity1906 incidence in last decade. In 2004. decrease of @entity378 notification rates in Poland has continued. In this year 9.493 new @entity378 cases notified in Poland. Incidence rate was 24.9 per 100.000 population with the large differences in notification rates between voivodships/geographic region/ from 14.5 (The West) to 36.0/100.000 The East). Between 1994-2004 notification rates decreased by 42%. New cases represented 87.8% of all @entity1906 cases. Pulmonary cases represented 91.6% of all cases of which 59% were bacteriologically confirmed (smear and/or culture positive). 37% of all @entity1906 pulmonary cases were sputum smear positive, which is rather low but similar to previous years. Low proportion--8.4% of extrapulmonary cases which is observed for many years may indicate inadequacies in diagnosis and registration of this @entity1906 form. Pediatric @entity1906 cases--incidence 1.9--represented 1.3% of all cases notified in Poland. The incidence of @entity378 increases with age from 1.9 in @entity1 up to 51.7 among 65 and older @entity1 . Median age of @entity1906 @entity1 is between 50-54 years. The incidence of @entity1 34.1 is two times higher than in @entity1 (16.2) and in rural population it is near the same: 25.5 and in urban 24.5. Among of all the @entity1906 pulmonary cases there were 395 cases with resistance to at least one drug. In these cases was about 100 MDR cases. Registered 260 @entity1906 cases among prisoners--2.7% of overall cases, and 16 @entity1906 cases were among foreigners. CONCLUSIONS: In last decade decrease of @entity1906 has continued. The incidence of @entity378 in Poland was about two times higher than mean incidence for Enlarge European Union. The distance between Poland and EU countries with lowest incidence is estimated for 20-25 years.

title: [Incidence of XXXX in Poland 2004 and its trends].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'children', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the prognostic value of quality-of-life (QL) scores in the adjuvant setting and after relapse in two randomized trials of the International @entity0 Study Group. @entity1 AND METHODS: More than 2,000 premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 who were participating in randomized trials that compared adjuvant therapies completed QL assessments for physical well-being, mood, appetite, and coping at study entry and at months 3 and 18 if they remained relapse-free and, in case of relapse, at 1 month and at 6 months after relapse. Cox regression models were used to test the relationship between QL scores and disease-free survival (DFS), in the adjuvant setting, or overall survival, in the case of postrelapse QL measurement. All models were stratified by language/country group and included other factors related to QL and/or outcome. RESULTS: DFS was not significantly predicted by QL scores at baseline or month 18, or by changes in QL score between baseline and months 3 or 18. In contrast, after relapse, QL scores were predictive for subsequent overall survival. One month after relapse, better mood (P =.04) in premenopausal @entity1 and better appetite (P =.005) in postmenopausal @entity1 were associated with longer survival. Six months after relapse, better physical well-being (P =.03) and appetite (P =.03) in premenopausal @entity1 and better physical well-being (P <.0001), mood (P =.002), appetite (P =.0001), and coping (P =.0001) in postmenopausal @entity1 predicted longer survival. CONCLUSION: Any prognostic significance of QL scores in the adjuvant setting is minimal or obscured by chemotherapy effects, but there is strong prognostic significance of QL scores after disease relapse. The contrast suggests that @entity1 perception of the severity of underlying illness may determine reported QL scores.

title: Quality-of-life scores predict outcome in metastatic but not early XXXX . International @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']