abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of an @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) inception on @entity282 management in a general teaching hospital using @entity158 indicators as performance measures. DESIGN: Open, prospective, nonrandomized, observational study. SETTING: Postanesthesia Care Unit, surgical wards of University Hospital Center of Charleroi. @entity1 : 1304 @entity1 in the pre- @entity12761 inception phase and 671 @entity1 after its implemention who have undergone various types of surgery (orthopedics, gynecology, urology, neurosurgery, stomatology, ear, nose, and throat, ophthalmic, abdominal, vascular-thoracic, plastic, and maxillofacial). INTERVENTIONS: An @entity12761 , nurse-based, anesthesiologist-supervised model was devised, based on the concept that @entity282 relief can be greatly improved by providing in-service training for surgical nursing staff and optimal use of systemic analgesics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity282 was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) every 4 hours for 72 hours in the two phases. Analgesic consumption was registered at the same time. Time-related VAS scores were summarized using several @entity158 indicators. There was an overall improvement in the @entity158 scores after @entity12761 inception. The differences were most pronounced, around 50%, in @entity1 undergoing vascular, maxillofacial, gynecologic, and urologic surgeries, and stomatology. Regular administration of @entity1443 and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs decreased @entity1286 consumption in the second phase. CONCLUSION: This study validates the benefits of a formal @entity12761 , using continuous monitoring of rest @entity158 intensity and analgesic consumption in the postoperative period. Results not only support previous research findings but also offer outcome-based tools to evaluate current practices as compared with desired outcomes.

title: Effectiveness of an acute XXXX service inception in a general hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Pain Service', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: MicroRNA-124a ( @entity13824 ), an abundant microRNA in the central neuron system, has been linked to @entity5 progression. Here, we investigated the role of @entity13824 in @entity2184 development. METHODS: Expression of @entity13824 in @entity2184 cells was examined using real time RT-PCR. The effect of @entity13824 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was analyzed using MTS assay, flow cytometry, and transwell experiments. The ability of @entity13824 to repress @entity5 growth was tested in vivo. Target genes of @entity13824 were first predicted by bioinformatics, confirmed using a luciferase assay, and their expression determined by Western blotting. DNA methylation and histone modification of @entity13824 was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR and ChIP assay. Finally, epigenetic drugs were used to alter the expression of @entity13824 . RESULTS: @entity13824 expression was downregulated in both @entity2184 cells and clinical specimens. Transient transfection of @entity13824 into @entity2184 cells inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion. Moreover, introduction of @entity13824 suppressed in vivo growth of @entity5 . Potential targets of @entity13824 were found to include @entity8985 , @entity14107 , @entity17946 , and @entity16719 . Knockdown of @entity16719 by siRNA resulted in inhibition of @entity2184 cell migration and invasion. In addition, @entity13824 expression was found to be regulated via epigenetic mechanisms, with its expression restored when cells were treated with a DNA hypomethylating agent, @entity11508 , and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, @entity3996 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that @entity13824 could function as a potent @entity5 suppressor by regulation of multiple targets, and was epigenetically silenced in the development of @entity2184 .

title: MicroRNA-124a is epigenetically regulated and acts as a @entity5 suppressor by controlling multiple targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: Intestinal intraepithelial T cells (IELs) expressing either gammadelta TCR or alphabeta TCR have been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of intestinal epithelia by producing cytokines that directly influence the adjoining intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) functions. To illuminate this issue, we utilized TCR mutant @entity19 to obtain gammadelta IELs, alphabeta IELs and mixed gammadelta and alphabeta IELs from corresponding alphabeta @entity784 (beta-/-), gammadelta @entity784 (delta-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermate @entity19 . The production of @entity60 by these IELs as well as the mRNA for @entity60 , @entity13898 , @entity641 , @entity637 and @entity30519 in these IELs, in conjunction with the effect of produced cytokines on the expression of class II MHC molecules by the in vitro cell line IEC-6, were investigated. @entity60 and @entity637 [corrected] specific mRNA were detectable in all freshly isolated gammadelta, alphabeta and WT IELs. In addition to the @entity60 and @entity637 [corrected] mRNA, alphabeta and WT IELs that had been activated in culture plates coated with anti-CD3 mAb contained mRNA for @entity641 and @entity30519 proteins. In the cultured gammadelta IELs, however, the signals for @entity60 and @entity637 [corrected] transcripts were weak, and mRNA for the latter two cytokines was almost undetectable. Supernatants from in vitro culturing of alphabeta and WT IELs but not gammadelta IELs induced class II MHC gene expression in IEC-6, whereas, in the presence of anti- @entity60 mAb, the same culture supernatants failed to do so. In fact, the concentration of @entity60 in supernatants from alphabeta and WT IEL cultures was ten- to twentyfold higher than that in the supernatant from the gammadelta IEL culture. Finally, @entity13898 specific mRNA was not detectable in the gammadelta and alphabeta IELs even after in vitro activation. These results indicate that alphabeta IELs are superior to gammadelta IELs in the ability to produce @entity60 , @entity641 , @entity637 [corrected] and @entity30519 through TCR crosslinking primary in vitro stimulation.

title: Analysis of cytokine producing activity of intestinal intraepithelial T cells from TCR beta-chain and delta-chain mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell-deficient']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity230 have potent actions on the brain which can be categorized as; (i) fast (approximately ms-s), (ii) intermediate (h-days), (iii) long-term reversible (days-weeks) and (iv) long-term irreversible. Here attention is focussed on the intermediate and long-term reversible effects of @entity230 with emphasis on glucocorticoids and @entity2931 . Glucocorticoid negative feedback is generally classified as fast, delayed and long-term. @entity4053 would appear to depend mainly on a reduction in pituitary responsiveness to corticotrophin releasing factor-41 ( @entity30345 ) and possibly @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ). Delayed feedback is mediated by reduced AVP release into hypophysial portal blood and blockade of the ACTH response to @entity30345 . Long-term negative feedback is a consequence of reduced @entity30345 and AVP release into portal blood. Lesion and electrical stimulation studies pinpoint the paraventricular nuclei as the main site at which glucocorticoids act to control ACTH release. @entity2931 at physiologically low plasma concentrations inhibits gonadotrophin secretion. At physiologically high plasma concentrations, such as those that occur during the preovulatory surge, @entity53 -17 beta stimulates the biosynthesis of @entity4396 mRNA and @entity4396 and the release of @entity4396 into hypophysial portal blood. @entity53 also increases pituitary responsiveness to @entity4396 . The action of @entity2931 on @entity4396 neurons is probably mediated by interneurons and may involve disinhibition; this view is supported by our in situ hybridization studies which show that @entity2931 , in its positive feedback mode, significantly reduces the synthesis of proopiomelanocortin mRNA in arcuate neurons which when active are likely to inhibit @entity4396 neurons. The mechanism of action of @entity2931 on the pituitary gland is not yet established, but clues from the action of the priming effect of @entity4396 suggests that @entity2931 may potentiate phosphoinositide second messenger cascades. @entity4396 priming involves the synthesis of a 70 kDa protein the N-terminus of which is identical to an @entity2931 -induced protein in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus involved in @entity1515 , and to that of @entity14778 . Attention is drawn to the remarkable economy of the system by which a single @entity134 , @entity2931 , has effects on the brain and pituitary gland which result in a co-ordinated sequence of amplifier cascades which lead first to the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone and then to mating behaviour, both of which are obviously essential for continuation of the species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX control of central neuronal interactions and function.

entities_list: @entity14778 :: ('2923', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase C alpha']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Fast negative feedback']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) occurring in immature brains stimulates the expression of @entity2435 ( @entity2435 ). @entity41717 is a selected inhibitor of @entity2435 in the central nerves system. However, the role that @entity41717 plays and the possible mechanisms involved during neonatal HI are poorly defined. In this study, an @entity26 - @entity413 deprivation and reoxygenation ( @entity23258 /R) model was generated with cultured @entity35 cortical neurons mimicking neonatal @entity7853 ex vivo, and an acute @entity528 was induced by exposure to a high concentration of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). Cells received either @entity41717 or @entity3390 , an antagonist of the @entity143 receptor, during @entity23258 /R, and were incubated with or without @entity41717 after @entity143 exposure. Cell viability and morphology were detected by a Cell Counting Kit-8 and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. @entity2435 expression and activity were also assessed. We found that @entity3390 @entity130 induced by @entity23258 /R, suggesting an excitatory damage involvement. @entity41717 provided a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect in both @entity23258 /R and acute excitatory injuries by inhibiting the activity of @entity2435 , without affecting neuronal @entity2435 expression. @entity41717 protected neurons against @entity23258 /R even after a delayed administration of 3h. Collectively, our data indicate that @entity41717 protects neurons against @entity23258 /R. mainly by inhibiting @entity2435 -mediated acute @entity528 .

title: Effect of XXXX in a neonatal @entity63 model ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TPA', 'tPA', 'tissue-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal excitotoxicity', 'neuronal excitatory injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['alleviated injuries']

answer: @entity41717 :: (171149(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neuroserpin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 80% of @entity1 entering cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are overweight, and >50% have @entity209 . Current @entity299 protocols result in little @entity353 and minimal changes in cardiac risk factors. We sought to design an exercise protocol that would lead to greater @entity353 and risk factor change. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of high-calorie-expenditure exercise (3000- to 3500-kcal/wk exercise-related energy expenditure) compared with standard @entity299 (7 to 800 kcal/wk) on @entity353 and risk factors in 74 overweight @entity1 with @entity301 . Both groups were counseled for @entity353 and taking evidence-based preventive medications. High-calorie-expenditure exercise resulted in double the @entity353 (8.2+/-4 versus 3.7+/-5 kg; P<0.001) and fat mass loss (5.9+/-4 versus 2.8+/-3 kg; P<0.001) and a greater waist reduction (-7+/-5 versus -5+/-5 cm; P=0.02) than standard @entity299 at 5 months. High-calorie-expenditure exercise reduced @entity2690 resistance, measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, along with the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and components of the @entity209 , more than standard @entity299 (each P<0.01). Overall, fat mass loss best predicted improved metabolic risk, and the prevalence of @entity209 decreased from 59% to 31%. Changes in cardiac risk factors included decreased @entity2690 resistance, increased high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and decreased measures of @entity2690 , @entity1674 , blood pressure, @entity2289 , and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (each P<0.05). Significant @entity353 was maintained at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: High-calorie-expenditure exercise promotes greater @entity353 and more favorable cardiometabolic risk profiles than standard CR for overweight coronary @entity1 .

title: High-calorie-expenditure exercise: a new approach to cardiac rehabilitation for overweight coronary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CR exercise']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of dual-source CT (DSCT) coronary angiography (CAG) for the diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) that induces perfusion defects at myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), by using SPECT and conventional CAG as the reference standard. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with suspected or known @entity453 underwent both DSCT coronary angiography and MPI (using exercise or @entity859 stress-rest protocol) with @entity1136 sestamibi SPECT. All the @entity1 were beta-blockers-na  ve before DSCT scan. The DSCT CAG studies were classified as having no @entity850 , non-obstructive (< 50% luminal narrowing) @entity850 , or obstructive (> or = 50% luminal narrowing) @entity850 . MPI examinations were classified as showing normal or abnormal (reversible and/or fixed defects). A comparative regional analysis of @entity3979 on DSCT versus myocardial perfusion on SPECT was made. In a subset of 20 @entity1 , CAG was performed as a reference standard for CT angiography. RESULTS: On the basis of the DSCT data, 98.4% of coronary segments were assessable. Twenty-seven branches were classified as having no @entity850 , among which 85% had normal MPI. Nine branches showed @entity850 and 69 branches showed at least one obstructive lesion. Only 50 (64%) branches with an abnormal DSCT had abnormal MPI; even in branches with obstructive @entity850 on DSCT, 23 (33%) still had a normal MPI. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, at the optimal cutoff value of 58% @entity850 , the sensitivity and specificity of DSCT to detect myocardial perfusion defect as defined by SPECT were 85% and 65%. In the subgroup compared with CAG, the sensitivity and specificity of DSCT to identify obstructive @entity850 were 93% and 96%. CONCLUSIONS: DSCT and SPECT provide mutually complementary information on @entity453 . CT angiography can help rule out functionally relevant @entity453 , but has poor capability in predicting @entity63 . DSCT provides high-quality diagnostic image without heartbeat controlling and has a high accuracy in @entity850 .

title: [Diagnostic value of dual-source CT coronary angiography on the detection of XXXX with myocardial perfusion defect].

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'non-obstructive stenosis', 'detecting obstructive stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Prospective data collection seems to be essential in evidence-based medicine. Because of the new therapeutic options, the need for standard data collection and testing has significantly increased. In Hungary, a registry for @entity1 with @entity29 has already been set up, which makes it possible for clinicians to collect prospective data on their @entity1 . AIM: Basic characteristics of the database of @entity1 with @entity31 are presented in this paper. METHODS: The @entity29 registry uses the programme of Microsoft Access database management system. Data are stored in a central server. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity29 has been permanently increasing in Hungary; however, its overall prevalence is still low among the European countries. The frequent administration of immunosuppressive medications ( @entity500 and @entity288 ) and their increased doses worsen the estimation of the activity. CONCLUSIONS: 1., It would be very useful to gain prospective data from all national centres. This kind of database would be able to give a complete picture regarding the Hungarian therapeutical practice. 2., Medications of @entity1 may alter the clinical value of the laboratory findings in the process of determining the severity of the disease.

title: [Hungarian data on XXXX : analytical data on ulcerative colistis].

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which GI endoscopic treatment of @entity10189 is effective and whether it could reduce the need for surgery. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was carried out. Over a period of three years (1995-1997), 122 @entity1 with @entity548 caused by a @entity10189 , defined as fresh haematemesis with or without melaena, old haematemesis with melaena or melaena accompanied by a systolic blood pressure below 80 mmHg, underwent emergency GI endoscopy. Endoscopic therapy consisted of either injection therapy or electrocoagulation. RESULTS: Altogether 72 @entity1 received endoscopic treatment. Primary haemostasis was achieved in 94%. Definitive haemostasis after one endoscopic treatment with either injection therapy or electrocoagulation was achieved in 63% and 62%, respectively. Including repeated endoscopic treatment, definitive haemostasis was achieved in 79%. No direct complications of the treatment were observed. DISCUSSION: Endoscopic treatment of @entity10189 is the only alternative to an operation. Endoscopic treatment can reduce the need for surgery, as it was effective in about 80% of the @entity1 .

title: [Endoscopic treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers', 'gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: Abnormally low plasma @entity8 characterizes Dahl @entity101 . When eating a normal Na diet (0.3% @entity1219 ) both @entity101 -sensitive (S) @entity35 and @entity101 -resistant ( @entity5698 , 16 weeks old, have fairly normal blood pressure (BP), averaging 144 and 129 mm Hg, respectively. However, even in this barely @entity101 state, 18 S @entity35 had a 31% lower papillary plasma flow (Lilienfield method) than 22 @entity5698 , 19.2 ml/100 g of papilla per min compared to 25.6 (P less than 0.001). When a high (8%) @entity1219 diet was fed for 7 days, @entity5698 increased papillary plasma flow from 25.6 on 0.3% @entity1219 to 33.8 on 8% @entity1219 , a 32% rise (P less than 0.001). S @entity35 increased papillary flow from 20.4 to 24.8, a 22% rise (P less than 0.05). When a high (8%) @entity1219 diet was fed for 4 weeks, @entity5698 increased papillary plasma flow from 25.7 ml/100 g per min on 0.3% @entity1219 to 29.5 ml/100 g per min on 8% @entity1219 , a 15% rise (P less than 0.025). S @entity35 increased papillary flow from 17.7 to 20.0 ml/100 g per min (not significant). S @entity35 on 8% @entity1219 had a papillary flow 32% lower than @entity5698 on 8% @entity1219 (P less than 0.001). BP of S @entity35 rose to 162 mm Hg after 4 weeks on 8% @entity1219 ; in @entity5698 , BP did not rise at all. S @entity35 on 0.3% @entity1219 have a low papillary flow even in a borderline @entity101 state. When challenged with 8% @entity1219 , @entity5698 increased papillary flow, an adaptation possibly important for the natriuresis. S @entity35 failed to achieve this same high papillary flow. Lacking this adaptation, @entity101 may then conceivably occur in S @entity35 to accomplish natriuresis through a "pressure natriuresis" mechanism. Papillary flow also decreased by 11% in 26 Kyoto 17-week-old spontaneously @entity101 (BP, 182 mm Hg) compared to 24 Kyoto normotensives (BP, 118 mm Hg), 29.5 vs 33.2 ml/100 g per min (P less than 0.001). Thus, low papillary flow exists in both @entity101 .

title: Low renal papillary plasma flow in both Dahl and Kyoto XXXX with spontaneous @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['flow to renal papilla']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'hypertensions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Mean lung density (dm) and radiologic (VLx) lung volume can be calculated using CT scan data. As many @entity13404 @entity1 are overdistended, the analysis of dm alone could be meaningless. However, lung mass (m) can be calculated as the product of dm and VLx. Twenty-four @entity1 suspected of mild or severe @entity2415 as judged by roentgenographic and physiologic examinations as well as 16 healthy subjects were included in the protocol. They all underwent both a CT scan of the whole lung and functional tests from which the following were derived: airway resistance, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), CO transfer capacity, quasi-static compliance at functional residual capacity (FRC), and blood gases. All CT scans were performed at the FRC of each @entity1 . The dm was lower in @entity2415 @entity1 than in healthy subjects, as m was greater in @entity1 than in healthy subjects; 1,303 +/- 398 g and 997 +/- 133 g, respectively. Although dm values were significantly correlated to FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and TLC, m values were not correlated to any of these functional indices. Unexpectedly, these results show that most @entity1 (22/24) with @entity2415 have a normal or increased lung mass. Normal or above normal m values might be due to oversecretion in some @entity1 . Nevertheless, the synthesis of new tissue due to @entity32 is the most likely explanation that could account for this finding.

title: Lung density and lung mass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: The @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), together with its receptor @entity10431 and the @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) plays a pivotal role during @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . Integrins, via interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM), control cell adhesion and motility. The two systems are functionally linked because @entity10431 and @entity2289 bind to the ECM component @entity4732 ( @entity4732 ). Because integrin signaling alters gene expression patterns, we investigated whether the expression levels of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 are affected by ECM/integrin interactions. Expression of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 was significantly enhanced when @entity1 @entity43 cells (OV-MZ-6) were cultivated on fibronectin or collagen type IV. In contrast, @entity4732 induced down-regulation of @entity2290 and @entity10431 while increasing @entity2289 by up to 4-fold. @entity4732 -dependent decrease of @entity2290 protein was paralleled by a significant reduction of @entity2290 promoter activity that was even more pronounced upon alpha(v)beta(3) overexpression and depended on the presence of intact @entity4632 protein-binding sites. The activity of @entity4632 transcription factors was also significantly reduced upon alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated cell adhesion to @entity4732 . The activity of the @entity4632 -unresponsive @entity2289 promoter was up to 5-fold induced as a function of alpha(v)beta(3)/ @entity4732 interaction. Thus, the balance between available concentrations of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , @entity2289 , and integrins in @entity1 @entity43 cells might provide a switch within the regulation of their invasive phenotype.

title: Integrin alpha(v)beta(3)/ @entity4732 interaction affects expression of the urokinase system in XXXX @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In higher vertebrates, the formation of the body axis proceeds in a craniocaudal direction during gastrulation. Cell biological evidence suggests that mesoderm formation and specification of axial positions occur simultaneously. Exposure of gastrulating embryos to @entity1968 induces changes in axial patterns, e.g. anterior and posterior homeotic transformations of vertebrae. These morphological changes are accompanied by changes in the nonidentical, overlapping expression domains of Hox genes. In this report the influence of @entity1968 , administered at the end of and after gastrulation, on vertebral patterns is described. Anterior transformations and truncations affecting the caudal part of the vertebral column characterize animals exposed on day 8 and 9. 4 hours after @entity1968 administration on day 8 + 5 hours, @entity35770 , Hox-1.9, and @entity40521 transcripts were not detected in their usual posterior expression domains, whereas transcripts of the anterior Hox-1.5 gene remained unaffected. 4 days after RA exposure on day 8 + 5 hours, @entity35770 expression was shifted posteriorly by an effectively low dose of RA, which induced the formation of supernumerary ribs. @entity35770 expression was limited to posterior, disorganized mesenchyme, bulging out neural tube, some intestinal loops and the hindlimb in truncated embryos exposed to a high dose of RA. A causal relation between the delayed activation of posterior Hox genes and anterior transformations or agenesis of vertebrae is discussed. On day 10.5 posterior transformations begin to occur in the cervical region, while later exposures again affect more @entity2383 . The distribution of the transformations along the vertebral column indicates an influence of RA on migrating sclerotome cells before they are finally fixed in the cartilagenous vertebrae. The findings show that the mesodermal segments originally specified during gastrulation can be respecified in their second migratory phase, with effects spreading for a second time in a craniocaudal direction. The transformations are discussed with regard to a molecular specification of axial levels by Hox codes, defined as combinations of expressed Hox genes.

title: Respecification of vertebral identities by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['caudal structures']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of @entity1933 (USPIO) compound, @entity3703 , as a marker of macrophage activity in @entity731 and to compare it to ferumoxtran-10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten mature heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) female Watanabe @entity95 served as the animal model for @entity731 , four coeval female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 were the control group. Five WHHL and two NZW received a single intravenous injection (250 micromol/kg) of either ferumoxtran-10 or @entity3703 and were subjected to daily MR examinations on a 1.5T whole body scanner for the next five days. Development of signal intensity changes and susceptibility effects was assessed. Statistical analysis was based on a nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U test by using a P value at the 0.05 significance level. On day 5, the @entity95 were sacrificed and the aorta was referred to histopathology, distribution of @entity68 particles in the vessel wall was analyzed. RESULTS: MRI was feasible in all animals. Three days after injection of @entity3703 the highest luminal signal intensity measurements were observed in the @entity3703 group; the highest measurements were five days after injection in the ferumoxtran-10 group (P < 0.05). In the WHHL, susceptibility effects presented as homogeneous dark lines parallel to the aortic wall after @entity3703 and spotted areas void of signal after ferumoxtran-10. None of these findings were observed in the NZW control groups. CONCLUSION: Ferumoxtran-10 and @entity3703 at a respective dose of 250 mumol/kg appear well suited for @entity731 plaque detection with MRI in experimental @entity731 . @entity3703 warrants further analysis in @entity1 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental @entity731 plaque: comparison of two ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['Ferumoxytol', 'ferumoxytol']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: Fetal mesencephalic @entity19 tissue, rich in @entity935 neurons, was xenografted as a dissociated cell suspension into the striatum of @entity35 with unilateral @entity2955 induced lesions of the mesostriatal pathway. The @entity35 were either assigned to a 10-day, 21-day or 42-day @entity205 (CyA) immunosuppression scheme, or given no immunosuppression. The functional effects of the grafts were followed over 6 months by monitoring changes in the recipient @entity35 ' @entity4944 -induced turning behaviour. Without immunosuppression no grafts were functional at the end of the experiment. In the 10-, 21- and 42-day CyA treatment groups there was a significant reduction of rotational asymmetry at some timepoint following grafting in 26 of the 33 @entity35 . However, by 6 months only 8 grafts remained functional suggesting that in several @entity35 an immunological rejection took place following the termination of immunosuppression. This was supported by @entity2922 histofluorescence analysis which revealed evidence of surviving grafts only in the few @entity35 which had shown sustained functional graft effects at 6 months after grafting. In animals in which the grafts had undergone rejection, there was scar-like tissue in the striatum which appeared more extensive in @entity35 that had lost their grafts after several weeks compared to @entity35 in which the grafts were rejected at an early time-point. In a subgroup of the grafted animals the humoral antibody response against major transplantation antigens present on the grafted cells was investigated. All the studied @entity35 were found to be immunized against the grafted @entity19 tissue following the intrastriatal implantation. This occurred irrespective of prior immunosuppressive treatment. In a parallel group of @entity35 , the leakage of the blood-brain barrier was studied following intrastriatal implantation of a syngeneic fetal neural cell suspension. Evans Blue was infused into @entity35 3-12 days following transplantation surgery. At the early time-points there was a marked barrier leakage at the implantation site. This subsided with time such that there was minor leakage after 7-8 days and no leakage after 12 days. In summary, the results indicate the CyA is effective in promoting survival of intracerebral xenografts of fetal neural tissue, but that cessation of immunosuppressive treatment in most cases results in rejection of the grafted tissue. Temporary CyA treatment, even exceeding the time it takes for the blood-brain barrier to reform after transplantation surgery, is thus not sufficient to reliably support long term survival of xenografted @entity935 neurons.

title: Intracerebral xenografts of XXXX neurons: the role of immunosuppression and the blood-brain barrier.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity694 has been classically viewed as the same disease entity. However, there are some differences both in the clinical features and gross macroscopic pathology between right and left sided @entity694 . Furthermore, recent research has added much controversy on the issue by demonstrating quite a few differences, mostly in the field of molecular biology. Since @entity5 pathology and staging is the major determinant of the disease outcome, comparison of these parameters between right and left @entity694 is reasonably expected to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the @entity694 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of @entity1 with @entity14 operated on at the Cleveland Clinic Florida from March 1996 to April 2000 was conducted. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the location of the @entity5 (right or left colon) and pathology between the two groups was compared. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-four @entity1 were included in the study. Sixty individuals had right @entity694 , while 124 subjects had left @entity1049 . Dukes' A (stage I) @entity694 had statistically significant higher incidence in left @entity1049 (p=0.0084). Conversely, @entity5 presented more often in the right colon (p=0.029). @entity75 showed a clear superiority for the right colon (p=0.0014), while grade II lesions were more commonly found in the left colon (p=0.0201). @entity75 were more common in the right colon (p=0.0200) when early @entity694 (stage 0,I and II pooled together) were compared. CONCLUSION: A shift in severity towards the right colon has been documented both in terms of stage and grade. These results should be viewed in the light of recent research data suggesting a different molecular biology pattern between right and left @entity694 . The clinical implications of these differences, if any, and their impact on the @entity1 management remain to be determined.

title: The impact of @entity5 location on the histopathologic expression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "Dukes' C(stage III) tumors"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon', 'Cancer of the colon and rectum', 'colonic malignancies', 'colon cancer', 'colonic tumors', 'colonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serial serum levels of soluble forms of @entity2071 ( @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) are useful as surrogate markers of disease activity in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). BACKGROUND: Increased levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 have been described in cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, studies of @entity1 with @entity15 . Although they appear to correlate with clinical and MRI markers of disease activity, their role as potential surrogate markers remains undefined. METHODS: Serial serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured in @entity1 with @entity15 undergoing monthly @entity2287 -enhanced MRI studies of the brain (462 @entity2287 -enhanced MRI in 57 @entity1 ) and in 12 normal control subjects. Ten @entity1 had primary progressive (PP), 22 relapsing remitting (RR), and 25 secondary progressive (SP) disease. RESULTS: Levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were increased intermittently in @entity1 with all subtypes of @entity15 . Median levels of sICAM-1 were elevated in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with normal controls (normal controls median [interquartile range] = 176[119-209] compared with PP = 502[194-1768], RR = 419[158-481], and SP = 352[196-469] ng/mL; p = 0.04). After excluding @entity1 with PP @entity15 , @entity1 with high sICAM-1 levels had a greater number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions per study (1.9[0.9-4.3]) than @entity1 with normal levels (0.4[0-2.7], p = 0.03), and @entity1 with MRI studies with no @entity2287 -enhancing lesions had lower associated sICAM-1 levels (200 ng/mL[85-561]) than @entity1 with only persistent (349 ng/mL[82-615]) or new enhancing lesions (497 ng/mL[108-667], p = 0.03). @entity1 with RR or SP disease that progressed clinically during the study had a greater number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions per MRI study (3.5[0.4-5.5]) than did @entity1 in whom disease did not progress (1.2 [0.3-2.7], p = 0.03). The @entity1 with @entity74 tended to have higher sICAM-1 levels (469 ng/mL [196-1019]) than @entity1 in whom disease did not progress (353 ng/mL [171-469], p = 0.07). Although @entity15 @entity1 tended to have higher sVCAM-1 levels than did normal controls, this finding was not significant. No correlation could be found between levels of sVCAM-1 and @entity2287 enhancement on MRI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity15 have elevated levels of sICAM-1, which correlate with @entity2287 enhancement on MRI and possibly short-term disease progression. Soluble @entity2071 , and not sVCAM-1, may therefore be suitable as a long-term surrogate marker of disease activity in @entity15 .

title: Longitudinal study of soluble adhesion molecules in XXXX : correlation with @entity2287 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity16420 are an icon for international conservation, yet little is known about their physiology due to their secretive nature. To overcome these challenges, non-invasive methods were used to monitor rhinoceros in two sections of Addo @entity16871 National Park, South Africa, namely Addo and Nyathi. These sections were separated by a public road, and the numbers of elephants, predators and tourists were higher in Addo. Faecal samples (n   =   231) were collected (from July 2007 to November 2010) from known individuals and analysed for progestagen and @entity342 metabolite (FPM and FAM, respectively) concentrations. As biotic factors could impact reproduction, we predicted that demographics, FPM and FAM would vary between sections and with respect to season (calendar and wet/dry), climate and age of the rhinoceros. Mean FPM concentrations from pregnant females were seven times higher (P   <   0.05) than samples from non-pregnant rhinoceros. Positive relationships were found between monthly temperatures and FPM from non-pregnant females (r (2)   =   0.25, P   =   0.03) and the percentage of @entity291 born (r   =   0.609, P   =   0.04). Although FAM peaked in the spring, when the majority of @entity291 (40%) were conceived, no seasonal patterns in male @entity342 concentrations were found with respect to month of conception and parturition. Females in Addo had a longer inter-calving interval and were less likely to be pregnant (P   <   0.05) compared with those in Nyathi. The biotic stressors (e.g. predators and more competitors) within Addo section could be affecting the reproductive physiology of the rhinoceros negatively. Enhanced knowledge about how @entity16420 populations respond to environmental stressors could guide management strategies for improving reproduction.

title: Impacts of environmental pressures on the reproductive physiology of subpopulations of XXXX ( @entity16420 bicornis) in Addo @entity16871 National Park, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity16420 :: ('9805', 'Species') :: ['black rhinoceros', 'Black rhinoceros']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity16420 :: (9805,Species) :: ['black rhinoceros']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We had for aim to describe the epidemiologic and clinic characteristics of @entity19 typhus in a series of 43 serologically confirmed cases, in our region. @entity1 AND METHODS: Serologic screening for IgG and IgM against @entity13167 was performed in 1024 @entity1 during three years (2006-2008). The characteristics of @entity1 with a positive serology were examined retrospectively. One hundred and seventy sera obtained from blood donors were tested to detect IgG against @entity13167 to determine the seroprevalence of the @entity281 . RESULTS: There was evidence of recent @entity13167 @entity281 in 43 @entity1 (4.2%) during the study period, and 3.7% of blood donors had IgG against @entity13167 . The mean age of @entity1 was 43.1 years and the sex-ratio was 1.04. Among the @entity1 , 58.1% were from rural areas. No @entity1 reported any exposure to @entity35 or @entity35 -fleas. There were more cases during the summer and fall. The most frequent complaint was @entity221 as a single symptom (67.5%). A cutaneous @entity1910 was reported in 44.1% and @entity10 in 60.5% of @entity1 . Among the @entity1 , 44.1% presented with @entity882 and 47.2% with elevated liver enzymes. CONCLUSION: @entity19 typhus seems to be frequent in Tunisia. This @entity281 could be a threat for travellers. Serology should be performed systematically in @entity1 with @entity221 as a single symptom since its clinical presentation is non-specific.

title: @entity19 typhus in Tunisia: a neglected cause of XXXX as a single symptom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity13167 :: ('785', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia typhi', 'R. typhi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite substantial evidence supporting the efficacy of stimulant medication for @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ), adherence to stimulant treatment is often suboptimal. Applying social/cognitive theories to understanding and assessing parent attitudes toward initiating medication may provide insight into factors influencing parent decisions to follow @entity71 treatment recommendations. This report describes results from formative research that used focus groups to obtain parent input to guide development of a provider-delivered intervention to improve adherence to stimulants. METHODS: @entity1 were caregivers of @entity1 with @entity71 who were given a stimulant treatment recommendation. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed by inductive, grounded theory methods as well as a deductive analytic strategy using an adapted version of the Unified Theory of Behavior Change to organize and understand parent accounts. RESULTS: Five groups were conducted with 27 parents (mean @entity1 age=9.35 years; standard deviation [SD]=2.00), mean time since diagnosis=3.33 years (SD=2.47). Most parents (81.5%) had pursued stimulant treatment. Inductive analysis revealed 17 attitudes facilitating adherence and 25 barriers. Facilitators included parent beliefs that medication treatment resulted in multiple functional gains and that treatment was imperative for their @entity1 's safety. Barriers included fears of personality changes and medication side effects. Complex patterns of parent adherence to medication regimens were also identified, as well as preferences for psychiatrists who were diagnostically expert, gave psychoeducation using multiple modalities, and used a @entity102 metaphor to explain @entity71 . Theory-based analyses revealed conflicting expectancies about treatment risks and benefits, significant family pressures to avoid medication, guilt and concern that their @entity1 required medication, and distorted ideas about treatment risks. Parents, however, took pride in successfully pursuing efforts to manage their @entity1 behaviorally and to avoid medication when possible. CONCLUSIONS: Focus group data identified social, cognitive, and affective influences on treatment decision making. Results support prior research comparing family/social functioning, physician characteristics, and adherence. Findings suggest that parent attitudes to @entity146 care need to be assessed comprehensively at initial evaluation to aid the development of psychoeducational messages, and a more careful consideration about how parents interpret and respond to adherence-related questioning.

title: Parent perspectives on the decision to initiate medication treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: @entity40076 (Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif-containing protein)(-/-) @entity19 are infertile, showing @entity12179 , coiled tails, and a stratified mitochondrial sheath. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of the spermatozoa were studied quantitatively to analyze disorganization processes during epididymal passage. Factors maintaining straight tail and normal mitochondrial sheath were also studied by TEM and immunofluorescent microscopy. Sperm tails retained a normal appearance in the proximal caput epididymidis. Tail disorganization started between the proximal and the middle caput epididymidis, and the latter is the major site for it. The tail moved up through the defective posterior ring and coiled around the nucleus to various degrees. Tail coiling occurred in the caput epididymidis suggesting it was triggered by cytoplasmic droplet migration. @entity40077 / @entity40077 , a candidate mitochondrial adhesion protein, remained on the stratified mitochondria, while @entity40078 / @entity40078 , a major element of the mitochondrial capsule, was unevenly distributed on them. From these findings, we speculate @entity40078 is necessary to maintain normal sheath structure, and @entity40077 prevents dispersal of mitochondria, resulting in a stratified mitochondrial sheath formation in @entity40076 (-/-) spermatozoa. The epididymal epithelium was normal in structure and @entity35654 / @entity35654 expression suggesting that tail abnormality is due to intrinsic sperm factors. Three cell structures are discussed as requisite factors for maintaining a straight tail during epididymal maturation: 1) a complete posterior ring to prevent invasion of the tail into the head compartment, 2) stable attachment of the connecting piece to the implantation fossa, and 3) a normal mitochondrial sheath supported by @entity40077 and supplied with sufficient and normally distributed @entity40078 .

title: Factors maintaining normal sperm tail structure during epididymal maturation studied in XXXX -/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['globozoospermia']

answer: @entity40076 :: (94221(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Gopc']


abstract: We have prospectively evaluated the feasibility and results of the @entity1885 -avidin immunoadsorption method (Ceprate SC system) for a phase I/II study of T-cell depletion of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for allogeneic transplantation. Twenty consecutive @entity1 , median age, 40 years (21 to 54) and diagnoses of @entity1860 in chronic phase (n = 5), @entity3052 (n = 7), @entity981 (n = 2), @entity6130 (n = 1), @entity417 with @entity7139 in transformation (n = 3), @entity1222 (n = 1), and @entity1072 (n = 1), were conditioned with @entity786 (120 mg/kg) and total body irradiation (13 Gy; 4 fractions). HLA identical sibling donors received @entity1261 at 10 microg/kg/d subcutaneously (SC); on days 5 and 6 (19 cases) and days 5 to 8 (1 case) donors underwent 10 L leukapheresis. PBPC were purified by positive selection of @entity2280 + cells using immunoadsorption biotin-avidin method (Ceprate SC) and were infused in the @entity1 as the sole source of progenitor cells. No growth factors were administered posttransplant. The median recovery of @entity2280 + cells after the procedure was of 65%. The median number of @entity2280 + cells infused in the @entity1 was 2.9 (range, 1.5 to 8.6) x 10(6)/kg. The median number of CD3+ cells administered was 0.42 x 10(6)/kg (range, 0.1 to 2). All @entity1 engrafted. Neutrophil counts >500 and >1,000/microL were achieved at a median of 14 days (range, 10 to 18) and 15 days (range, 11 to 27), respectively. Likewise, platelet counts >20,000 and >50,000/microL were observed at a median of 10 days (range, 6 to 23) and 17 days (range, 12 to 130), respectively. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 plus @entity1667 . No @entity1 developed either grade II to IV acute or extensive @entity2132 . After a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range, 2 to 22) three @entity1 have relapsed, and one of them is again in hematologic and cytogenetic remission after infusion of the donor lymphocytes. Two @entity1 died in remission: one on day +109 of @entity57 and the other on day +251 of metastasic relapse of a previous @entity0 . Sixteen of the 20 @entity1 are alive in remission after a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range, 2 to 22). In conclusion, despite the small number of @entity1 and limited follow-up, it appears that this method allows a high @entity2280 + cell recovery from @entity1261 mobilized PBPC and is associated with rapid engraftment without significant @entity2132 , and with low transplant related mortality.

title: Rapid engraftment without significant XXXX after allogeneic transplantation of @entity2280 + selected cells from peripheral blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis X']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease', 'chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical feasibility of the prosthetic composites of the intercalary allograft and the segmental allograft in reconstruction of the @entity853 after the limb @entity5 resection. METHODS: Between August 1999 and December 2003, 28 @entity1 with @entity853 after the limb @entity5 resection were treated with the intercalary allograft or the segmental allograft megaprosthesis composite for reconstruction of @entity853 . The bone involvements were observed in 16 @entity1 with @entity421 , 4 @entity1 with @entity421 , 5 @entity1 with @entity2828 , and 3 @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 . Preoperative biopsy was performed on all the @entity1 , and the pathological result was confirmed after surgery. According to the Enneking system, 5 @entity1 were grouped in I B and 23 @entity1 in I B. The @entity1 with @entity421 or @entity2828 received the standard chemotherapy before and after operation. Eighteen and ten @entity1 received the segmental allograft prosthetic composite replacement and the intercalary allograft with the interlocking intramedullary nail fixation, respectively. The functional outcome was evaluated by the MSTS score. RESULTS: According to the follow-up for 5-48 months (average, 24 months), local recurrence was observed in 1 @entity1 who underwent amputation eventually. Of the 28 @entity1 , 3 developed nonunion of the allograft-host junction accompanied by severe resorption and 2 developed @entity281 . No allograft @entity174 was seen in the @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 achieved a good functional result with an average MSTS score of 23. 4. CONCLUSION: The prosthetic composite replacement of the intercalary allograft and the segmental allograft can be used in the @entity853 reconstruction after the limb @entity5 resection. The stable contact in the allograft-host junction and the strong intramedullary internal fixation can help to reduce the complication rate of the allograft.

title: [Segmental allograft reconstruction in XXXX after limb @entity5 resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal defects', 'skeletal defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['parosteal osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity853 :: (MESH:D009139,Disease) :: ['skeletal defect']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modeling clinically relevant tissue responses using cell models poses a significant challenge for drug development, in particular for @entity99 ( @entity99 ). This is mainly because existing liver models lack longevity and tissue-level complexity which limits their utility in predictive toxicology. In this study, we established and characterized novel bioprinted @entity1 liver tissue mimetics comprised of @entity1 -derived hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in a defined architecture. Scaffold-free assembly of different cell types in an in vivo-relevant architecture allowed for histologic analysis that revealed distinct intercellular hepatocyte junctions, @entity2279 + endothelial networks, and desmin positive, smooth muscle actin negative quiescent stellates. Unlike what was seen in 2D hepatocyte cultures, the tissues maintained levels of @entity855 , Albumin as well as expression and drug-induced enzyme activity of Cytochrome P450s over 4 weeks in culture. To assess the ability of the 3D liver cultures to model tissue-level @entity99 , dose responses of @entity36471 , a drug whose hepatotoxic potential could not be assessed by standard pre-clinical models, were compared to the structurally related non-toxic drug @entity5553 . @entity36471 induced significant, dose-dependent @entity137 at clinically relevant doses ( <= 4uM). Interestingly, @entity36471 @entity137 was observed without lipopolysaccharide stimulation and in the absence of resident macrophages in contrast to earlier reports. Together, these results demonstrate that 3D bioprinted liver tissues can both effectively model @entity99 and distinguish between highly related compounds with differential profile. Thus, the combination of @entity1 -derived primary cells with bioprinting technology here for the first time demonstrates superior performance in terms of mimicking @entity1 drug response in a known target organ at the tissue level.

title: Bioprinted 3D Primary Liver Tissues Allow Assessment of Organ-Level Response to Clinical Drug Induced XXXX In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['Levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drug induced liver injury', 'DILI']

entities_list: @entity36471 :: ('MESH:C080163', 'Chemical') :: ['Trovafloxacin']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 who had pairs of stainless steel wire electrodes placed on the right and the left ventricle during cardiac surgery underwent both epicardial and endocardial programmed ventricular stimulation to assess the inducibility of @entity1165 . Twenty-six of the @entity1 had @entity453 and were studied to evaluate map-guided surgery for treatment of @entity943 . Burst ventricular pacing and up to three ventricular extrastimuli coupled to two drive train cycle lengths were delivered from the right and left ventricular epicardial wire electrodes and from endocardial catheter electrodes placed at the apex and outflow tract of the right ventricle. @entity1165 was reproducibly induced in three @entity1 by both endocardial and epicardial stimulation. In one @entity1 @entity1165 was reproducibly induced by epicardial stimulation, but nonreproducible, nonsustained @entity1165 was induced by endocardial stimulation. @entity1165 remained inducible by both endocardial and epicardial stimulation in three instances (two @entity1 ) during drug therapy. A negative study (less than 10 consecutive ventricular beats induced) was obtained in 23 @entity1 by both endocardial and epicardial stimulation. The @entity1 were followed up for 12 to 43 months (average 31). @entity944 or documented @entity1165 occurred in two of the three @entity1 with a positive study by both endocardial and epicardial stimulation. Nineteen (83%) of the 23 @entity1 with concordantly negative studies remained free of @entity943 . On the basis of concordant results of endocardial and epicardial stimulation (p = 0.001) these results suggest that epicardial stimulation of the right and the left ventricle is an acceptable method to assess the postoperative inducibility of @entity1165 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endocardial and epicardial programmed stimulation for the induction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous data suggest that mitral @entity340 are elongated in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), and mitral valve leaflet elongation may constitute a primary phenotypic expression of @entity1121 . Our objective was to measure the length of mitral @entity340 by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in subjects with @entity1121 caused by a Finnish founder mutation in the @entity18963 gene ( @entity18963 - @entity40935 ), carriers of the same mutation without @entity4346 , as well as in unselected consecutive @entity1 with @entity1121 , and respective controls. METHODS: @entity339 ( @entity339 ) and @entity339 ( @entity339 ) lengths were measured by CMR in 47 subjects with the @entity40935 mutation in the gene encoding @entity18963 and in 20 healthy relatives without the mutation. In addition, mitral valve leaflet lengths were measured by CMR in 80 consecutive non-genotyped @entity1 with @entity1121 in CMR and 71 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS: Of the subjects with the @entity18963 - @entity40936 mutation, 32 had @entity4346 ( @entity4346 , LV maximal wall thickness   >=    13  mm in CMR) and 15 had no @entity1184 . @entity339 was longer in @entity1 with the @entity18963 - @entity40935 mutation and @entity4346 than in controls of the @entity18963 group (12.8        2.8 vs 10.6        1.9  mm, P   =   0.013), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant when @entity339 was indexed for BSA (P   =   0.066), or when @entity339 length was adjusted for BSA, age, gender, LV mass and ejection fraction (P   =   0.195). There was no significant difference in the @entity339 length in mutation carriers without @entity4346 and controls (11.1        3.4 vs 10.6        1.9, P   =   0.52). We found no difference in @entity339 lengths between the @entity18963 mutation carriers with or without @entity1184 and controls. In 80 consecutive non-genotyped @entity1 with @entity1121 , there was no difference either in @entity339 or @entity339 lengths in subjects with @entity1121 compared to respective control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with @entity1121 caused by the @entity40935 mutation in the @entity18963 gene, the posterior mitral @entity340 may be elongated, but mitral valve elongation does not constitute primary phenotypic expression of the disease. Instead, elongated mitral @entity340 seem to be associated with body size and left ventricular remodeling.

title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of mitral XXXX in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['posterior mitral valve leaflet', 'PML', 'AML', 'Anterior mitral valve leaflet']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity18963 :: ('4607', 'Gene') :: ['MYBPC', 'MYBPC3', 'myosin-binding protein C']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve leaflets']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve length']


abstract: Two monoclonal antibodies ( @entity36425 -11 and 79-31 mAbs) were raised against @entity5699 (DM) conjugated to bovine serum albumin via the cross-linker @entity36426 . The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically detected DM as well as its analogs @entity632 and @entity1259 , but did not react with other anticancer antibiotics, including @entity6030 , @entity1138 , and @entity4316 . The mAbs reacted strongly with @entity3584 -conjugated DM in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used as a model system for immunocytochemistry as well as in appropriately pretreated sections of tissues from animals injected with DM. No staining occurred in tissues from uninjected animals. In order to perform DM ICC a number of tissue treatment conditions critical to the detection of low molecular weight substances were employed. Uptake of DM was studied in @entity35 after a single i.v. or i.p. administration of the drug. In the heart, accumulation of DM occurred in nuclei and in the cytoplasm. In the kidney, DM immunoreactivity accumulated in all segments of the nephron except for the proximal tubules. Since the proximal tubules are known to be where a variety of transport systems including @entity22209 ( @entity22209 ) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in drug interactions occur, the absence of DM accumulation in these segments may reflect a transport phenomenon depending upon such transporters. The availability of methods to study sites of accumulation of DM offers possibilities for understanding toxic side effects of this drug on the heart and kidney. Moreover, the immunocytochemical methodology developed may prove useful for the localization of other low molecular weight drugs that can be fixed in situ by @entity3584 .

title: Distribution of anticancer antibiotic XXXX in the @entity35 heart and kidney revealed by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity36426 :: ('MESH:C032138', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['pepleomycin']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence ( @entity32012 ) imaging--referred to as multimodal imaging--provides complementary contrast based on molecular vibrations, the structure of various tissue components and endogenous fluorophores, respectively. OBJECTIVES: To present a comprehensive overview of the appearance of @entity1 skin in multimodal imaging. METHODS: Multimodal imaging of unstained skin cross-sections of 32 individuals was performed using a laser scanning microscope and picosecond laser pulse for excitation. RESULTS: The epidermis, dermis and subcutis are distinguishable in all three applied modalities, but are unveiled best in multimodal images. While the subcutis is dominated by the CARS signal, predominately SHG and the secondary @entity32012 signal detect the dermis. In contrast, no SHG signal is detected in the epidermis, whereas CARS and @entity32012 show equal contributions. Additionally, the appearance of the major skin appendages is described, i.e. the hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat glands, and blood vessels belonging to the vascular system. All four investigated functional units show a characteristic morphochemistry in @entity32012 and CARS, allowing identification of further subunits, e.g. the major components of the hair follicle, while the SHG signal delineates the localization of the functional units. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal imaging is a powerful tool to investigate @entity1 skin by providing high contrast based on the molecular constitution. It is therefore suggested that multimodal imaging has a high potential in application to dermatological research and clinical diagnostics of various skin alterations.

title: Multimodal mapping of XXXX skin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An in situ study using whole-organ culture system. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity1797 at different stages on its rheological and dynamic properties and to investigate the efficacy of exogenous cross-linking therapy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 can involve protein denaturation or microdefects to the disc's collagen fiber network. A @entity1797 model using whole-organ culture technique can be effectively used for the screening of treatments of @entity1797 . Exogenous cross-linking therapy has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties of the disc by cross-linking collagen. However, the efficacy of this therapy on the degenerated disc is unclear. METHODS: A total of 40 porcine thoracic discs were assigned to 5 groups: intact discs, moderately @entity1797 , moderately @entity1797 with @entity2915 , severely @entity1797 , and severely @entity1797 with @entity2915 . The @entity1797 was simulated by trypsin digestion and mechanical fatigue loading. Rheological properties, dynamic properties, water content, and histological analysis were conducted after a 7-day incubation. RESULTS: The mechanical properties of moderate @entity1797 significantly decrease both in rheological and dynamic properties, and laminate structure disorganization was observed. Mechanical defects of severely @entity1797 resulted in disc height loss, an increase in the aggregate modulus and stiffness modulus, and a decrease in the damping coefficient, hydraulic permeability, and water content. @entity2915 significantly recovered mechanical properties of moderately @entity1797 and restored the water content compared with the intact disc. However, the augmentation did not fully repair the severely @entity1797 . CONCLUSION: Trypsin-induced extracellular matrix damage resulted in a change of the disc's biomechanics. @entity2915 recovers the rheological and dynamic properties of moderately @entity1797 but not of the severely @entity1797 . The genipin cross-linker may be able to improve the proteoglycan depletion effect in the nucleus pulposus but may not be effective to restore the structural damage in the collagen molecule of the anulus fibrosus.

title: Rheological and dynamic integrity of simulated degenerated disc and consequences after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degenerated discs', 'Disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-linker augmentation', 'cross-linker augmentation']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['cross-linker augmentation']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity923 may be characterised by an atypical clinical picture. They assess complaints as becoming less bothersome than in the past. It seems that this may influence the diagnostic value of some clinical tests used in physical examinations. The aim of the study was the selection of the most reliable clinical tests in a group of @entity1 with severe @entity923 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material comprised 38 cases of severe form of the disease in a group of 37 prospective @entity1 . The methods consisted in the evaluation of the rate of positive results of selected clinical tests, and in the comparison of their statistical correlation with selected parameters of median nerve conduction. RESULTS: The study results indicated that high incidence of two-point discrimination disorders showed a correlation with the sensory conduction parameters, including the median-ulnar sensory latency difference. The Durkan's and Phalen's tests were positive in almost all @entity1 with advanced @entity923 . The Katz hand diagram revealed significantly enhanced sensitivity in the "probable" pattern. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the two-point discrimination, evaluated with the use of a simple paper clip, enables the selection of a group of @entity1 with severe form of the syndrome for further differentiation. The tool used for facilitating the differential diagnosis is the Katz hand diagram. The Durkan's and Phalen's tests have an equally high value. However, they show no correlation with the conduction parameters, as measured by EMG.

title: Simple clinical tests in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Ca(+) influx to mitochondria is an important trigger for both mitochondrial dynamics and @entity855 generation in various cell types, including cardiac cells. Mitochondrial @entity141 influx is mainly mediated by the mitochondrial @entity141 uniporter ( @entity19796 ). Growing evidence also indicates that mitochondrial @entity141 influx mechanisms are regulated not solely by @entity19796 but also by multiple channels/transporters. We have previously reported that skeletal muscle-type @entity8452 receptor ( @entity13868 ) type 1 ( @entity13868 ), which expressed at the mitochondrial inner membrane, serves as an additional @entity141 uptake pathway in cardiomyocytes. However, it is still unclear which mitochondrial @entity141 influx mechanism is the dominant regulator of mitochondrial morphology/dynamics and energetics in cardiomyocytes. To investigate the role of mitochondrial @entity13868 in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology/function in cardiac cells, @entity13868 was transiently or stably overexpressed in cardiac H9c2 myoblasts. We found that overexpressed @entity13868 was partially localized in mitochondria as observed using both immunoblots of mitochondrial fractionation and confocal microscopy, whereas @entity23963 , the main @entity13868 isoform in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, did not show any expression at mitochondria. Interestingly, overexpression of @entity13868 but not @entity19796 or @entity23963 resulted in @entity2383 . These fragmented mitochondria showed bigger and sustained mitochondrial @entity141 transients compared with basal tubular mitochondria. In addition, @entity13868 -overexpressing cells had a higher mitochondrial @entity855 concentration under basal conditions and showed more @entity855 production in response to cytosolic @entity141 elevation compared with nontransfected cells as observed by a matrix-targeted @entity855 biosensor. These results indicate that @entity13868 possesses a mitochondrial targeting/retention signal and modulates mitochondrial morphology and @entity141 -induced @entity855 production in cardiac H9c2 myoblasts.

title: Overexpression of @entity8452 receptor type 1 enhances @entity2383 and XXXX -induced @entity855 production in cardiac H9c2 myoblasts.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial fragmentation']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: For over a century, a fundamental objective in @entity281 biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1,200 @entity4195 type emm89 @entity281 isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause @entity281 , leading to an epidemic wave of disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen-host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial epidemics and for translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects. IMPORTANCE: The confluence of studies of molecular events underlying pathogen strain emergence, evolutionary genetic processes mediating altered virulence, and epidemics is in its infancy. Although understanding these events is necessary to develop new or improved strategies to protect health, surprisingly few studies have addressed this issue, in particular, at the comprehensive population genomic level. Herein we establish that substantial remodeling of the transcriptome of the @entity1 -specific pathogen @entity4195 by horizontal gene flow and other evolutionary genetic changes is a central factor in precipitating and perpetuating @entity66 . The data unambiguously show that the key outcome of these molecular events is evolution of a new, more virulent pathogenic genotype. Our findings provide new understanding of @entity66 .

title: Transcriptome Remodeling Contributes to @entity66 Caused by the @entity1 Pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare, in @entity1 with @entity323 , the diagnosis obtained with the 'Leiden impotence questionnaire' (LIQ)--which differentiates between @entity3520 and @entity323 --with the clinical diagnosis based on @entity5539 ( @entity5539 ). DESIGN: Exploratory, comparative, and prospective. METHOD: The LIQ-questionnaire was administered to 320 consecutive @entity1 with @entity323 who underwent @entity5539 (i.e. @entity227 ) in the Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The clinical diagnosis was based on @entity5539 and later, retrospectively, compared to the LIQ-based diagnosis (only the first six of the 11 LIQ-questions were answered by all @entity1 ). RESULTS: The clinical diagnosis, @entity3520 or somatic, corresponded well with the LIQ-diagnosis. Following @entity5539 an organic aetiology was assumed in 30% of the @entity1 ; compared to 33% according to the LIQ. For a @entity3520 aetiology the figures were 70% and 67% respectively. Overall there was a 74% correspondence between @entity5539 -diagnosis and the LIQ-diagnosis. Age was a significant factor: younger @entity1 (< 40 years) had the highest LIQ-score (compared to @entity1 aged 40-60 and > 60 years) and the strongest penile responses. This is indicative of a more frequent @entity3520 aetiology of the @entity323 in younger @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Elaborate @entity5539 is not necessarily the first diagnostic choice in @entity1 with @entity323 ; one may start by applying the LIQ. A high LIQ-score (5-7) virtually excludes a somatic aetiology. A low LIQ-score (0-2) necessitates further psychosomatic diagnostic screening, preferably with @entity5539 .

title: ['Leiden Impotence Screening Test'(LIST) in XXXX with @entity323 as a pre-selective method prior to psychophysiological diagnostic tests].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'organic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual sexual stimulation and penile vibration']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'psychophysiological diagnostic screening']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The different surgical approaches of @entity15809 are controversial. AIM: To analyze the results of the surgical management of @entity15809 . METHODS: The charts of @entity1 with surgical treatment of @entity15809 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. The demographic and clinical data, surgical indication and procedures, operative morbidity and mortality and results were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 15 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with an average age of 68 years. All of them reported cervical @entity1282 , 93 per cent regurgitation and 60 per cent upper airway symptoms. The barium esophageal study was diagnostic in all @entity1 . Cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in all @entity1 and diverticulopexy (60 per cent) or diverticulectomy (40 per cent) was accomplished. There were one mucosal perforation during the myotomy but three @entity1727 were developed during the first postoperative week. All three received medical treatment with healing between the 7th to 21st postoperative day. One @entity1 suffered acute @entity583 and there were no deaths. During the follow-up in 14 @entity1 (93.3 per cent) disappearance of symptoms were reported, in the remaining @entity1 minimal @entity1282 was present. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of @entity15809 should be performed in symptomatic @entity1 . The esophageal X-ray study is the best diagnostic tool. The cricopharyngeal myotomy is the keystone in the surgical treatment and may be complete with inversion, diverticulectomy or diverticulopexy according with the physical and clinical characteristics of @entity7261 and the @entity1 . There were excellent results in more than 90 per cent of the operated @entity1 , with a low morbidity and no mortality.

title: [Surgical treatment of pharyngoesophageal or XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study tested the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-Bref by examining its construct validity, predictive validity and reliability in a @entity146 sample. The sample consisted of 403 @entity1 recruited from mental health care facilities. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) and item-domains correlations. Predictive validity was evaluated via multiple regressions. Internal consistency was analyzed by using Cronbach's alpha. Results from @entity3795 second-order hierarchical model and item-domain correlational analyses supported the construct validity of the WHOQOL-Bref. A 5-domain model (psychological, physical, social relationships, environment and level of independence) demonstrated good-fit and adequate internal consistency. Multiple regression analyses of the domains with overall quality of life (QOL), general health and general QOL were supportive of predictive validity. This study found support for the multidimensionality of the WHOQOL-Bref which demonstrated appropriate properties for the assessment of QOL in @entity146 inpatients and outpatients. Thus, a valuable tool to be incorporated as part of the routine clinical evaluation, monitoring and an important indicator of treatment outcome and research. Our findings suggest a conceptual distinction between the physical domain and level of independence domain in this short version of the WHOQOL, as proposed by the WHOQOL-100.

title: Toward an understanding of the quality of life construct: Validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-Bref in a XXXX sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity5176 have been reported to induce adverse effects on articular cartilage, tendons and ligaments. However, the effects of @entity5176 on menisci have not been revealed. The present study was to test the effects of @entity800 on meniscus cells in vitro. @entity95 meniscus cells were administrated with different concentrations of @entity800 (0, 14, 28, 56, 112 and 224   m) for 24 or 48 h, and cell viability and apoptosis were measured. The mRNA expression levels of @entity721 , @entity21182 , @entity28477 , @entity21183 , @entity41487 , @entity32868 , @entity9470 , caspase-3 and inducible @entity842 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Active caspase-3 was detected by immunocytochemical assay, while protein expression levels of @entity21182 and @entity28477 were measured by Western blotting assay. After treatment with @entity800 for 48 h, cell viability was decreased from dose of 28 to 224   m in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase of apoptotic cells was observed by flow cytometry. Active caspase-3 protein expression level was also increased. The mRNA level of @entity9470 was decreased and levels of @entity721 , @entity21182 and @entity28477 in experimental groups were higher than those of controls. The protein levels of @entity21182 and @entity28477 were increased. Moreover, the mRNA levels of @entity41487 and @entity32868 were decreased. A dose-dependent increase of inducible @entity842 mRNA expression level was also observed. Our results suggested the cytotoxic effects of @entity800 on meniscus cells through induction of apoptosis and unbalanced MMPs/TIMPs expression. These side effects might result in meniscus extracellular matrix degradation and @entity75 . Thus, @entity5176 should be used cautiously on @entity1 who perform athletic activities or undergo surgical meniscus repair.

title: Cytotoxic effects of the quinolone XXXX on @entity95 meniscus cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones', 'quinolones']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesion']

entities_list: @entity21183 :: ('100009047(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity5424 for Reduction in @entity64 and Other @entity1031 in @entity955 (ARISTOTLE) trial, @entity5424 compared with @entity1229 reduced @entity64 and systemic @entity887 , major @entity548 , and mortality. We evaluated treatment effects in relation to 2 predictions of time in therapeutic range (TTR). METHODS AND RESULTS: The trial randomized 18 201 @entity1 with @entity955 to @entity5424 5 mg twice daily or @entity1229 for at least 12 months. For each @entity1 , a center average TTR was estimated with the use of a linear mixed model on the basis of the real TTRs in its @entity1229 -treated @entity1 , with a fixed effect for country and random effect for center. For each @entity1 , an individual TTR was also predicted with the use of a linear mixed effects model including @entity1 characteristics as well. Median center average TTR was 66% (interquartile limits, 61% and 71%). Rates of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , major @entity548 , and mortality were consistently lower with @entity5424 than with @entity1229 across center average TTR and individual TTR quartiles. In the lowest and highest center average TTR quartiles, hazard ratios for @entity64 or systemic @entity887 were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-1.00) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.57-1.35) (Pinteraction=0.078), for mortality were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74-1.13) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.71-1.16) (Pinteraction=0.34), and for major @entity548 were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.36-0.70) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.58-0.97) (Pinteraction=0.095), respectively. Similar results were seen for quartiles of individual TTR. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of @entity5424 compared with @entity1229 for @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , @entity548 , and mortality appear similar across the range of centers' and @entity1 ' predicted quality of international normalized ratio control.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity5424 compared with @entity1229 at different levels of predicted international normalized ratio control for @entity64 prevention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic Events']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hot flashes (HFs) are a particularly common and distressing symptom among @entity0 survivors (BCSs). Given its low rate of side effects, acupuncture shows promise as a therapeutic approach for HFs, but little is known about BCS's decision making about the use of acupuncture. This study seeks to identify attitudes and beliefs about using acupuncture for HFs by BCSs. METHODS: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework, we conducted semistructured interviews among @entity1 with @entity0 who had finished primary treatment and were currently experiencing HFs. Interviews were taped, transcribed, and coded. We used a modified grounded theory approach to analyze the data. RESULTS: Twenty-five BCSs (13 whites/12 African American) participated in the study. Respondents stated that their intended use of acupuncture for HFs would be dependent on (1) expected therapeutic effects (eg, @entity158 relief, energy); (2) practical concerns (eg, fear of needles, practitioner experience, time commitment); and (3) source of decision support/validation (eg, family members, physicians, self). Although constructs in the TPB accounted for many decision factors, respondents identified 2 major themes outside of the TPB: (1) viewing acupuncture as a natural alternative to medications, and (2) assessing the degree of HFs as bothersome enough in the context of other medical comorbidities to trigger the need for therapy. CONCLUSION: BCSs expressed varied expected therapeutic benefits, practical concerns, and decision support, emphasizing the "natural appeal" and symptom appraisal as key determinants when using acupuncture for HFs. Incorporating these factors in counseling BCSs may promote @entity1 -centered communication, leading to improved hot flash management and quality of life.

title: Acupuncture for hot flashes: decision making by XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to assess the incidence of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) in late preterm (34(0/7)-36(6/7)) and just term (37(0/7)-37(6/7)) @entity1 born via elective caesarean section (CS) in a tertiary care maternity facility. METHODS: retrospective cohort study between 2005 and 2009. Hundred and eighty-eight near term @entity1 , divided in two groups: group A: 125 late preterm (34(0/7)-36(6/7)) and group B: 63 just term (37(0/7)-37(6/7)), from elective CS (except CS after pre-mature rupture of membranes and foetuses presenting @entity600 ) were included. RESULTS: In group A the overall incidence of @entity649 ( @entity649 at or shortly after birth, requiring respiratory support or @entity26 therapy) was 44% (n = 55) vs. 15.9% (n = 10) in group B (p < 0.01). The incidence of SRDS (requiring admission in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)) in group A was 13.6% (n = 17) and 3.2% (n = 2) group B (p < 0.01). The risk decreased significantly as gestational age (GA) increased: for @entity649 , 50.9% at 34 @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ), 52.5% at 35 @entity6677 , 21.5% at 36 @entity6677 , and 15.9% at 37 @entity6677 ; for admission, 30.2% at 34 @entity6677 , 25% at 35 @entity6677 , 9.4% at 36 @entity6677 , and 6.3% at 37 @entity6677 . Among late preterm @entity1 with @entity649 , 30.9% (n = 17) developed severe @entity649 (SRDS). CONCLUSIONS: Late preterm @entity1 born via elective CS are at high risk for @entity649 and NICU admission. The risk is influenced by each additional week spent in utero. As the incidence of CS is increasing within this population, new preventative strategies must be sought.

title: @entity649 after elective caesarean section in near term XXXX : a 5-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'weeks of gestation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Unhealthy dietary pattern increases the risk of @entity28 and @entity209 in growing @entity1 and adolescents. However, the way the habitual pattern of breakfast consumption influences body composition and risk of @entity28 in adolescents is not well defined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess any associations between breakfast consumption practices and body composition profiles in 236 apparently healthy adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. A self-administered questionnaire on dietary behaviour and lifestyle practices and a dietary food frequency questionnaire were used. Body composition and @entity1386 indices were determined using standard anthropometric measurement protocols and dual energy   -ray absorptiometry (DXA). Mean age of the @entity1 was 15.3  1.9 years. The majority of @entity1 (71.2%) fell in the normal body mass index (BMI) ranges. Breakfast consumption patterns showed that only half of the @entity1 (50%) were consuming breakfast daily. Gender-specific multivariate analyses (ANCOVA) showed that in both @entity1 and @entity1 , those eating breakfast at least 5 times a week had significantly lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI z-scores, waist circumference, body fat mass and percent body fat (%BF) compared to infrequent breakfast eaters, after adjustment for age, household income, pubertal status, eating-out and snacking practices, daily energy intakes, and daily physical activity levels. The present findings indicate that infrequent breakfast consumption is associated with @entity1386 and @entity1144 . Therefore, daily breakfast consumption with healthy food choices should be encouraged in growing @entity1 and adolescents to prevent @entity1386 during these critical years of growth.

title: Infrequent breakfast consumption is associated with XXXX and @entity1144 in Malaysian school-aged adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity', 'higher body adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['higher body adiposity']