abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Improved diagnostics capable of non-invasive detection of early stage @entity105 would benefit basic research, and potentially aid in clinical @entity5 diagnosis and management. The two-stage @entity105 protocol is widely used for studying the multi-stage nature of @entity5 development in @entity19 and provides insight into @entity5 development in other animal models and @entity1 . The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo imaging of microanatomical changes in the epidermis and dermis during early @entity105 using a @entity19 skin model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 NIH @entity19 were treated with @entity106 and @entity865 following the well-established two-stage @entity105 protocol. OCT imaging of treated skin from live @entity19 was performed at five time points (Week 4-8) after @entity5 initiation to reveal the structural changes in the epidermis and dermis associated with the earliest, premalignant stages of @entity5 development. OCT images were compared with histology findings. In addition, OCT signals were quantitatively analyzed to evaluate tissue optical property changes during early @entity105 . RESULTS: Early structural changes in the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles during @entity105 were clearly delineated in vivo using OCT. OCT images correlated well with histological findings. Quantitative OCT signal analysis revealed a statistically significant change in the extinction coefficient for untreated (40.5 +/- 17.0 mm(-1)) and treated (9.6 +/- 3.6 mm(-1)) @entity19 epidermis (P < 0.005). The dermis extinction coefficient for the treated @entity19 skin (3.7 +/- 0.9 mm(-1)) was lower than the untreated one (4.7 +/- 1.6 mm(-1)), but was not statistically significant (P > 0.10). Furthermore, the @entity1185 extinction coefficient (2.9 +/- 0.3 mm(-1)) was significantly lower than the extinction coefficient for the treated epidermis (P < 0.005) and dermis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: OCT is a viable tool for assessing the earliest stages of @entity105 and has potential for early detection of @entity5 in skin, as well as in epithelial linings of other organs.

title: Non-invasive imaging of carcinogen-induced early XXXX using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaginal self-sampling for @entity1082 ) DNA testing could increase rates of screening participation. In clinic-based settings, vaginal HPV testing is at least as sensitive as cytology for detecting @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade 2 or worse; however, effectiveness in home settings is unknown. We aimed to establish the relative sensitivity and positive predictive value for HPV screening of vaginal samples self-collected at home as compared with clinic-based cervical cytology. METHODS: We did a community-based, randomised equivalence trial in Mexican @entity1 of low socioeconomic status aged 25-65 years. @entity1 came from 540 medically underserved, predominantly rural communities in Morelos, Guerrero, and the state of Mexico. Our primary endpoint was @entity3146 2 or worse, detected by colposcopy. We used a computer-generated randomisation sequence to randomly allocate @entity1 to HPV screening or cervical cytology. Eight community nurses who were masked to @entity1 allocation received daily lists of the @entity1 's names and addresses, and did the assigned home visits. We referred @entity1 with positive results in either test to colposcopy. We did per-protocol and intention-to-screen analyses. This trial was registered with the Instituto Nacional de Salud P  blica, Mexico, INSP number 590. FINDINGS: 12,330 @entity1 were randomly allocated to HPV screening and 12,731 to cervical cytology; 9202 @entity1 in the HPV screening group adhered to the protocol, as did 11,054 in the cervical cytology group. HPV prevalence was 9  8% (95% CI 9  1-10  4) and abnormal cytology rate was 0  38% (0  23-0  45). HPV testing identified 117  4 @entity1 with @entity3146 2 or worse per 10,000 (95  2-139  5) compared with 34  4 @entity1 with @entity3146 2 or worse per 10,000 (23  4-45  3) identified by cytology; the relative sensitivity of HPV testing was 3  4 times greater (2  4-4  9). Similarly, HPV testing detected 4  2 times (1  9-9  2) more invasive @entity5 than did cytology (30  4 per 10,000 [19  1-41  7] vs 7  2 per 10,000 [2  2-12  3]). The positive predictive value of HPV testing for @entity3146 2 or worse was 12  2% (9  9-14  5) compared with 90  5% (61  7-100) for cytology. INTERPRETATION: Despite the much lower positive predictive value for HPV testing of self-collected vaginal specimens compared with cytology, such testing might be preferred for detecting @entity3146 2 or worse in low-resource settings where restricted infrastructure reduces the effectiveness of cytology screening programmes. Because @entity1 at these sites will be screened only a few times in their lives, the high sensitivity of a HPV screen is of paramount importance. FUNDING: Instituto Nacional de Salud P  blica, the Health Ministry of Mexico, QiAGEN Corp.

title: Self-collection of vaginal specimens for XXXX testing in cervical @entity5 prevention (MARCH): a community-based randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3377 in Florida is documented for the 47-year period 1928-1975. Of the 936 cases reported in 1930-1975, more than half (505) occurred in the decade 1940-1949. The incidence declined rapidly to an average rate of five cases per year, although there was an increase in 1974 and 1975. The analysis is mainly concerned with the years 1961-1975, since more complete epidemiologic data are available for this period. Cases occurred throughout the year, with the highest incidence being between May and August. White males in the 25-35 and 35-44 deciles were most affected. Of occupations identified between 1963-1975, 44% were related to the livestock-producing industry, 16% to the meat processing industry and 28% to hunters, housewives, students and @entity1 . Twelve per cent of the cases did not fall in any of these categories. @entity291 were the most probable source of @entity1 @entity281 in the livestock industry, and @entity1707 were associated with most non-industry cases. In 1963-1975, @entity36322 was isolated from 10 cases and @entity14991 from one case; one other isolate was not identified beyond genus. Of the 27 @entity1 cases recorded during 1974-1975, 15 (56%) involved @entity1707 contact (five livestock industry, four consumers and six hunters), 11 (41%) involved @entity291 contact (all from the livestock and meat packing industries), and one involved contact (with both @entity291 and @entity1707 (livestock industry). @entity1 cases contracted from @entity1707 were scattered statewide, whereas cases associated with @entity291 only occurred in counties that had )( high densities of @entity291 and 2) modified-certified ratings in the Brucellosis Eradication Program.

title: Trends of XXXX in Florida. An epidemiologic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: The combination of @entity11441 (B) and @entity1311 (P) as @entity4349 -free treatment option in @entity1 with advanced @entity0 has been evaluated in the previous RiTa I trial. The regimen of weekly B 70 mg/m(2) and P 90 mg/m(2) with a pause every 4th week was established as an effective regimen with low @entity137 . The aim of the present RiTa II study was to investigate the potential of BP as @entity4349 -free combination therapy. The primary objective was to determine the progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints were safety, tolerability, overall response rate (ORR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). 26 @entity1 were available, 15 received BP as first-line, 11 as beyond first-line treatment. 27% @entity1 had @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Median PFS and @entity1349 were 7.3 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5-10.9) and 14.9 months (95% CI: 9.9-22.9), respectively. The 1-year PFS rate was 20.3% and the 1-year @entity1349 rate 71.2%. The ORR was 42.3%, including 4 complete and 7 partial remissions. @entity0 @entity1 reached an ORR of 71.4%. @entity4349 -pretreated @entity1 showed an ORR of 43.8%, confirming @entity11441 's lack of cross-resistance to @entity4349 agents. BP represents a favorable option with moderate @entity137 in pretreated @entity0 and offers a possibility for application in @entity4349 -pretreated and @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Multicenter Phase II Study with Weekly XXXX and @entity1311 as First- or Later-Line Therapy in @entity1 with Metastatic Breast Cancer: RiTa II Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity11441 :: ('MESH:C001758', 'Chemical') :: ['bendamustine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11441 :: (MESH:C001758,Chemical) :: ['Bendamustine']


abstract: This study examined the effects of high- vs. moderate-intensity interval training on cardiovascular fitness, leptin levels and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in @entity28 female adolescents. Forty-seven @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either a 1:1 ratio of 15 s of effort comprising moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT at 80% maximal aerobic speed: MAS) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT at 100% MAS), with matched 15 s recovery at 50% MAS, thrice weekly, or a no-training control group. The HIIT and MIIT groups showed improved (p < 0.05) body mass (BM), BMI Z-score, and percentage of body fat (%BF). Only the HIIT group showed decreased waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.017). The effect of exercise on maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) was significant (p = 0.019, ES = 0.48 and p = 0.010, ES = 0.57, HIIT and MIIT, respectively). The decrease of rate-pressure product (RPP) (p < 0.05, ES = 0.53 and ES = 0.46, HIIT and MIIT, respectively) followed the positive changes in resting @entity551 . Blood @entity413 , insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin decreased (p < 0.05) in both training groups. Significant decreases occurred in blood leptin (p = 0.021, ES = 0.67 and p = 0.011, ES = 0.73) and in RPE (p = 0.001, ES = 0.76 and p = 0.017, ES = 0.57) in HIIT and MIIT, respectively. In the post-intervention period, blood leptin was strongly associated with %BF (p < 0.001) and VO2max (p < 0.01) in the HIIT and MIIT groups, respectively, while RPE was strongly associated with BM (p < 0.01) in the HIIT group. The results suggest that high-intensity interval training may produce more positive effects on health determinants in comparison with the same training mode at a moderate intensity.

title: Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in XXXX adolescent females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate and blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: A simple matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF @entity15 ) method was developed to analyze @entity7056 in @entity1 plasma. @entity7056 is a kind of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and is used as an antihypertensive drug. MALDI-TOF @entity15 is a rare application for clinical drug analysis in @entity1 plasma. After simple micro-liquid-liquid extraction, @entity7056 -containing supernatant was spotted on a target plate, mixed with matrix and then detected by MALDI-TOF @entity15 within the clinically therapeutic range. Furthermore, we used cheaper chemical analogues to label the major proteins in @entity1 plasma for protein quantitation. After enzyme digestion, peptide mixtures were injected into nanoliquid chromatography (nanoLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 - @entity15 ). Protein identification could be carried out simultaneously by peptide sequencing and database searching. Chemical analogue labeling method is an alternative way for expensive isotope reagents. Quantity change of proteins before and after administration of @entity7056 could be detected by this method. Application of these methods in @entity1 plasma demonstrated that these two micro-scale @entity15 methods used for clinical drug monitoring, protein quantitation and identification are successful.

title: Quantitation of @entity7056 and major proteins in XXXX plasma by mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyzer.

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan', 'Irbesartan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To determine the outcome of orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in immunoglobulin light chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with @entity1582 who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota from 1992 to 2011 were reviewed. @entity1 met at least one of the following at: New York Heart Association class IV @entity712 , ventricular thickness > 15 mm, ejection fraction < 40%. Selection guidelines for heart transplant included age < 60 years, absence of multiple @entity1582 and significant extra-cardiac organ involvement. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, organ involvement, and New York Heart Association functional class were recorded. Laboratory data, waiting time until heart transplant, and type of treatment of the underlying @entity4085 were recorded. Survival from the time of OHT was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Survival of @entity1 undergoing OHT for @entity1582 was compared to that of non-amyloid @entity1 undergoing OHT during the same time period. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (median age 53 years) with @entity1582 received OHT. There were no deaths in the immediate perioperative period. Twenty @entity1 have died post OHT. For the entire cohort, the median overall survival was 3.5 years (95%CI: 1.2, 8.2 years). The 1-year survival post OHT was 77%, the 2-year survival 65%, and the 5-year survival 43%. The 5-year survival for non-amyloid @entity1 undergoing OHT during the same era was 85%. Progressive @entity2783 contributed to @entity204 in twelve @entity1 . Of those without evidence of progressive @entity2783 , the cause of @entity204 included complications of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for 3 @entity1 , @entity1071 for 2 @entity1 ; and for the remaining one @entity204 was related to each of the following causes: acute rejection; cardiac vasculopathy; @entity320 ; @entity2590 ; and unknown. Eight @entity1 had rejection at a median of 1.8 mo post OHT (range 0.4 to 4.9 mo); only one @entity1 died of rejection. Median survival of seven @entity1 who achieved a complete hematologic response to either chemotherapy or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 10.8 years. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that long term survival after heart transplant is feasible in @entity1582 @entity1 with limited extra-cardiac involvement who achieve complete hematologic response.

title: Long term outcomes of cardiac transplant for immunoglobulin light chain XXXX : The Mayo Clinic experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to determine effects of social inequalities on @entity301 risk factors in individuals living in an urban district of Izmir; namely Bal  ova. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, no sampling was done and it was aimed to reach all residents living in that area aged 30 years and over (n=4409). Dependent variables were smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity2299 where social inequality was the independent variable. Educational status, income and social class were considered as the components of social inequality. Age, gender, family health histories were the confounding factors. Data were collected at home and in the neighborhood-house. For data analyses Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Smoking is higher in @entity1 and @entity1 in lower socio economic class, where unhealthy diet is higher in self-employed @entity1 (OR=9.24, 95% CI=1.14-74.81, p=0.037) and in @entity1 who have a lower education (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.02-2.30, p=0.040), lower income or unemployed (OR=3.43, 95% CI=1.28-9.14, p=0.014). Obesity is more frequent in lower educated @entity1 (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.37-2.59, p<0.001) where decreased high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) is more frequent in @entity1 who have lower income (OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.20-4.07, p=0.011). @entity1 who have a lower education (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.38-0.98, p=0.039) or working as a skilled (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.16-0.89, p=0.027) or an unskilled worker (OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.15-0.82, p=0.016) tend to have a decreased risk of @entity28 when working as a skilled worker (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.29-0.95, p=0.033) decreases elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . CONCLUSION: @entity301 risk factors are high among @entity1 who are aged 30 years and over. @entity1 are under higher risk than @entity1 are. An increase in social inequalities causes decreased HDL-C in @entity1 , and increased smoking, unhealthy diet and @entity28 in @entity1 .

title: [Effects of social inequalities on XXXX risk factors: a population-based, cross-sectional study in Izmir].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: During the past 50 years, @entity0 incidence has increased by 2-3 % annually. Despite many years of testing for @entity172 receptors (ER), evidence is scarce on @entity0 incidence by ER status. The aim of this paper was to investigate the increase in @entity0 incidence by ER status. Data were obtained from the clinical database of the Danish @entity0 Cooperative Group which holds nationwide data on diagnosis, including pathology, treatment, and follow-up on primary @entity0 since 1977. All Danish @entity1 <80 years diagnosed with primary @entity0 1996-2007 were identified in this prospective register based study. ER status was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining by standardized laboratory methods in the Danish Pathology Departments and reported to the database. From 1996 to 2007, @entity0 incidence increased overall with a tendency to level off after 2002. In all @entity1 a significant decrease was found in ER unknown @entity5 . However, in both pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 , significant increases were seen in incidence of ER+ @entity5 ; though the increase levelled off for premenopausal @entity1 after 2002. In postmenopausal @entity1 , the incidence of ER- @entity0 decreased significantly throughout the period. In @entity1 <35 years, we found a minor non-significant increase in both ER+ and ER- @entity5 . ER unknown decreased in all @entity1 and was the most distinct in premenopausal @entity1 aged 35+. We found a significant increase in ER+ @entity0 incidence in postmenopausal @entity1 whereas the incidence in premenopausal @entity1 (aged 35+) levelled off after 2002.

title: @entity0 incidence by XXXX receptor status in Denmark from 1996 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify histopathologic features predictive for adverse allograft outcomes following penetrating @entity1034 . METHODS: Retrospective, interventional case series of 62 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1034 who underwent penetrating keratoplasty at the Kellogg Eye Center from 1990 through 2000. A detailed chart review and review of the histopathology of the excised corneal button were performed to identify associations between clinical data (disease activity, vascularity, adverse allograft outcomes) and histopathologic data ( @entity32 , neovascularization, biomarkers). The main outcome measure was to find histopathologic features that may predict @entity778 , allograft rejection, or failure. RESULTS: Although 81% of @entity1 had clinically quiescent disease, histopathology revealed that 74% had active @entity32 , a finding that was associated with the presence of clinical neovascularization (P = .01). @entity32 was a risk factor for allograft rejection (P = .02) but not failure (P = .98) or @entity778 (P = .45). Histopathologic neovascularization did not predict rejection (P = .19) but did predict failure (P = .002) and @entity778 (P = .05). Biomarkers, including HLA-DR, @entity2071 , and @entity687 and @entity2842 (CC) chemokines, were all significantly increased in fresh corneal specimens demonstrating moderate to severe @entity32 . @entity688 treatment ex vivo significantly inhibited HLA-DR, @entity687 (P = .006), and @entity2842 (P = .01) but did not reduce @entity2071 expression. CONCLUSION: @entity32 , neovascularization, and the presence of specific biomarkers are risk factors for corneal allograft morbidity.

title: XXXX : histopathologic predictors of corneal allograft complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Histopathologic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'corneal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV recurrence']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['HSV keratitis', 'keratoplasty for herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis']

answer: @entity1034 :: (MESH:D016849,Disease) :: ['HSV keratitis']


abstract: Associations of @entity0 overall with indicators of exposures during puberty are reasonably well characterized; however, uncertainty remains regarding the associations of height, leg length, sitting height and menarcheal age with hormone receptor-defined @entity5 . Within the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe the relationships of adult height, leg length and sitting height and age at menarche with risk of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor negative (ER-PR-) (n = 990) and ER+PR+ (n = 3,524) @entity0 . Height as a single risk factor was compared to a model combining leg length and sitting height. The possible interactions of height, leg length and sitting height with menarche were also analyzed. Risk of both ER-PR- and ER+PR+ @entity5 was positively associated with standing height, leg length and sitting height and inversely associated with increasing age at menarche. For ER+PR+ disease, sitting height (hazard ratios: 1.14[95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.20]) had a stronger risk association than leg length (1.05[1.00-1.11]). In comparison, for ER-PR- disease, no distinct differences were observed between leg length and sitting height. @entity1 who were tall and had an early menarche ( <=13 years) showed an almost twofold increase in risk of ER+PR+ @entity5 but no such increase in risk was observed for ER-PR- disease. Indicators of exposures during rapid growth periods were associated with @entity0 . Exposures during childhood promoting faster development may establish risk associations for both HR-positive and -negative @entity5 . The stronger associations of the components of height with ER+PR+ @entity5 among older @entity1 suggest possible hormonal links that could be specific for postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Height, age at menarche and risk of hormone receptor-positive and -negative XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'risks of both HR-defined breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has revealed putative evidence of subclinical @entity66 ( @entity66 ) as reflected by white matter signal changes and @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ). Nonetheless, the prevalence of this condition in the general population has been defined only to a limited extent. We herein report the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of @entity1188 seen on cranial MR images obtained as part of a population-based study of @entity65 in middle-aged adults. These results are contrasted to those of previous similar studies, particularly those of an elderly population in the @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: This @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort consists of a probability sample of community-living @entity1 who were 55 to 72 years old at the time of MR examination. MR imaging of 1890 @entity1 was performed at two ARIC field centers, based on a common protocol. MR studies were evaluated by trained readers at the MR Reading Center using original digital data displayed on a high-resolution workstation. The measures of lesion size, anatomic location, and signal intensity were collected. The definition for an ILL was a non-mass, hyperintense region with an arterial vascular distribution on spin-density and T2-weighted images. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety @entity1 had @entity1188 , for an overall prevalence of 15.3%. Eighty-two percent of @entity1 with @entity1188 had lesions that were 3 mm or larger in maximal dimension, although 87% of these lesions were 20 mm or smaller in maximal dimension. The prevalence of @entity1188 increased with age, from 7.9% in the 55- to 59-year-old age group to 22.9% in the 65- to 72-year-old age group (P < .001). Lesion prevalence was greater in black (20.7%) than in white @entity1 (10.2% [P < .0001]), but did not differ significantly between male and female @entity1 . The basal ganglia and thalamic region was the most commonly affected anatomic site, accounting for 78.9% of the lesions. CONCLUSION: Considering that the prevalence of self-reported @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in ARIC @entity1 is 1.5%, these results suggest that there is significantly more subclinical than clinical @entity66 in the general population. Furthermore, the prevalence of this subclinical disease increases with age, and is greater in black @entity1 . @entity1188 are dominated by "lacunae" in the basal ganglia and thalamus. These results are, in general, similar to those of a comparable study of elderly @entity1 in the @entity65 , except for a 60% lower prevalence of @entity1188 in this younger population.

title: Prevalence and anatomic characteristics of XXXX on MR images of middle-aged adults: the @entity731 risk in communities study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-like lesions', 'ILLs']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular Health Study']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct-like lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1712 of the soft tissue, @entity5072 , is a benign slow-growing @entity5 that is manifested clinically by one or more inflammatory nodules involving mainly the face and scalp, but rarely the eye. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was a 32-year-old male with swelling of the left lower eyelid, marked @entity1503 and increased serum immunogloblin E. MRI revealed swelling of all rectus muscles of the left eye, but no @entity5 mass. @entity228 treatment reduced the swelling of the eyelid, but it recurred after corticosteroid was discontinued. Eight years later the @entity1 returned with a complaint of @entity4 . An elastic, nontender, soft @entity5 mass was palpable subcutaneously in the left lower eyelid extending into the orbit. MRI revealed a @entity5 mass in the left orbital space. The parotid gland was also swollen and palpable. Both @entity5 were resected surgically, and histopathological study revealed prominent proliferation of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers showing interfollicular infiltration by eosinophils. The pathological findings in the parotid gland were similar. The diagnosis was @entity5072 . CONCLUSION: This @entity1 is unique in that he had no @entity5 at the first examination, only swelling of the rectus muscles, and a @entity5 mass appeared many years later. Unilateral swelling of the rectus muscles may be one of the first signs of @entity5072 . Not only @entity5 but also swelling of the rectus muscles limited ocular movement.

title: @entity1712 ( XXXX ) of the orbit: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['increased swelling of the left lower eyelid']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ["Kimura's disease"]

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral blood eosinophilia']

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['Kimura's disease']


abstract: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) is considered a serological marker for disease activity in @entity1 with ANCA(+) systemic @entity1333 . Recently, ANCA has been implicated as a pathogenic antibody that may be associated with neutrophil degranulation and release of lytic enzymes. Since intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) is known to contain antiidiotypic antibodies to ANCA, which could decrease the activity of the later, we chose to treat two @entity1 with symptomatic @entity7972 systemic @entity1333 and @entity631 with high-dose IVIG. The first @entity1 , a 66-year-old @entity1 , developed rapidly progressive @entity177 despite treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity786 . The second @entity1 , a 14-year-old @entity1 , had relapsed 3 months after cessation of treatment with @entity229 and @entity786 . Both @entity1 improved dramatically after treatment with IVIG, with the former recovering renal function within 11 days of therapy. In both @entity1 , a concomitant reduction in serum ANCA titers was also observed. The second @entity1 is currently in a sustained remission 14 months after his last IVIG dose on no other medication. These cases provide clinical evidence that IVIG has therapeutic benefit in modifying the immune-mediated injury associated with ANCA(+) systemic @entity1333 and @entity631 . In addition, IVIG may provide an additional safe therapeutic option to clinicians treating @entity1 's with ANCA(+) @entity1333 and @entity631 who are not responsive to or are experiencing @entity137 from conventional therapy.

title: Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive systemic @entity1333 and XXXX with pooled intravenous gammaglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) receives input from taste buds on the rostral tongue from the @entity129 . How this input is processed by the NTS was the subject of the present investigation. Here we used tetrodes to record from pairs or small groups of NTS cells as they responded to taste stimuli or electrical stimulation of the CT nerve in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . Once a pair (or small group) of NTS cells were isolated and identified as showing an evoked response to CT nerve stimulation, taste stimuli were presented in separate trials. Tastants consisted of 0.1 M @entity1219 , 0.01 M @entity5828 , 0.01 M @entity4807 @entity5828 , and 0.5 M @entity969 . Responses to various patterns of CT stimulation were then recorded. Functional connections among simultaneously recorded NTS cells were implied from analysis of cross-correlation functions of spike trains. We identified four groups of cells, not all of which responded to taste, with staggered latencies of response to CT nerve stimulation, ranging from    3 to 35 ms in    8- to 12-ms increments. Analyses of putative functional connectivity along with latencies of CT-evoked responses suggested that CT input arrives at the NTS in pulses or waves, each of which activates recurrent excitatory connections among NTS cells. These actions may amplify the incoming signal and refine its temporal pattern.

title: Neural coding of taste by simultaneously recorded cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['chorda tympani (CT) nerve']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus epithelial cells are the site of blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and regulate molecular transfer between the two compartments. Their mitotic activity in the adult is low. During development, the pattern of growth and timing of acquisition of functional properties of plexus epithelium are not known. METHODS: Numbers and size of choroid plexus epithelial cells and their nuclei were counted and measured in the lateral ventricular plexus from the first day of its appearance until adulthood. Newborn @entity14085 pups were injected with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) at postnatal day 3 (P3), P4 and P5. Additional animals were injected at P63, P64 and P65. @entity1603 -immunopositive nuclei were counted and their position mapped in the plexus structure at different ages after injections. Double-labelling immunocytochemistry with antibodies to plasma protein identified post-mitotic cells involved in protein transfer. RESULTS: Numbers of choroid plexus epithelial cells increased 10-fold between the time of birth and adulthood. In newborn pups each consecutive injection of @entity1603 labelled 20-40 of epithelial cells counted. After 3 injections, numbers of @entity1603 positive cells remained constant for at least 2 months. @entity1603 injections at an older age (P63, P64, P65) resulted in a smaller number of labelled plexus cells. Numbers of plexus cells immunopositive for both @entity1603 and plasma protein increased with age indicating that protein transferring properties are acquired post mitotically. Labelled nuclei were only detected on the dorsal arm of the plexus as it grows from the neuroependyma, moving along the structure in a 'conveyor belt' like fashion. CONCLUSIONS: The present study established that lateral ventricular choroid plexus epithelial cells are born on the dorsal side of the structure only. Cells born in the first few days after choroid plexus differentiation from the neuroependyma remain present even two months later. Protein-transferring properties are acquired post-mitotically and relatively early in plexus development.

title: Development of the lateral ventricular choroid plexus in a marsupial, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

answer: @entity14085 :: (13616,Species) :: ['Monodelphis domestica']


abstract: @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) is the most dreaded form of @entity1907 associated with high morbidity and mortality. Various hypothalamic @entity4611 have been reported to occur years after recovery from disease but there are no systematic studies in the literature to evaluate the @entity1640 in @entity1 with @entity1906 at the time of presentation. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate hypothalamic @entity4611 in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1906 . @entity1 case series. This prospective study included 75 untreated adult @entity1 with @entity1906 diagnosed as "definite", "highly probable" and "probable" @entity1906 by Ahuja's criteria and in clinical stage 1, 2 or 3 at the time of presentation to hospital. Basal hormonal profile was measured by electrochemilumniscence technique for serum @entity701 , luetinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity4090 (PRL), @entity7287 (TSH), free @entity1954 (fT3), and free @entity1955 (fT4). All @entity1 were subjected to MRI to image brain and hypothalamic @entity4611 and CT for adrenal glands. Thirty-two (42.7%) cases showed relative or absolute @entity701 insufficiency. Twenty-three (30.7%) cases showed @entity1375 and 37 (49.3%) cases had @entity4089 . No @entity1 had evidence of @entity2010 . @entity2338 was seen in 22 (29.3%) cases. MRI of hypothalamic @entity4611 using dynamic scanning and thin cuts revealed @entity854 (13.3%) of the cases. CT adrenal gland was normal in all the @entity1 . @entity1906 is associated with both hormonal and structural @entity1640 at the time of diagnosis.

title: XXXX in @entity1906 at the time of diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['central hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hypothalamic dysfunction', 'abnormalities in the hypothalamic pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary axis', 'pituitary abnormalities', 'pituitary hormonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'Tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in 10']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic pituitary abnormalities']


abstract: CONTEXT: A report by the National @entity5 Institute identified that an important gap in symptom research is the investigation of multiple symptoms of @entity5 that might identify common biological mechanisms among @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: We applied novel statistical methods to assess whether variants of 37 @entity32 genes may serve as biologic markers of risk for severe @entity158 , @entity308 mood, and @entity1295 in non-Hispanic white @entity1 with @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity158 , @entity1295 , and @entity308 mood were assessed before @entity5 treatment. We used a generalized, multivariate, classification tree approach to explore the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the @entity32 genes in @entity158 , @entity308 mood, and @entity2 @entity1 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity687 - @entity35403 was the most relevant genetic factor for @entity158 (odds ratio [OR]  =  2.18, 95% CI  =  1.34-3.55, P  =  0.001), @entity308 mood (OR  =  0.37, 95% CI  =  0.14-1.0), and @entity1295 (OR  =  2.07, 95% CI  =  1.16-3.70). Among those with early-stage @entity1149 , variants in the @entity688 receptor were relevant for @entity1295 among @entity1 . Specifically, @entity1 with Lys_ @entity367 or @entity367 _Glu genotype in the @entity688 gene had a 0.49 times lower risk of severe @entity1295 compared with those with Lys_Lys genotype (OR  =  0.49, 95% CI  =  0.25-0.92, P  =  0.027). Among @entity1 with @entity5 , a marginal significance was observed for @entity1192 @entity35404 , @entity6344 , or T/T genotypes. These @entity1 had a lower risk of severe @entity1295 compared with those with C/C genotype (OR  =  0.38, 95% CI  =  0.13-1.06). CONCLUSION: The interaction of multiple @entity32 genes, along with nongenetic factors, underlies the occurrence of symptoms. @entity687 and @entity688 may serve as potential targets for treating multiple symptoms of @entity5 .

title: Genetic variations in @entity687 and @entity688 are associated with @entity158 , @entity308 mood, and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'early-stage lung cancer', 'Cancer', 'cancer-related symptoms', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue in lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['fatigue in lung cancer']


abstract: The repeated observation of a fall in serum enzymes at midmenstrual cycle in an untreated @entity1 with @entity2835 stimulated a study of @entity172 administration in five @entity1 with @entity2835 . One @entity1 was premenopausal, one @entity1 was postmenopausal and three had had oophorectomy. After 2 weeks of @entity2082 , AST was under 100 IU per dl in all and had decreased by 50% or more in 4 of 5 @entity1 . gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase fell by 50 and 30% or more, respectively, in all @entity1 . The decreases in serum enzymes were statistically significant in all @entity1 for gamma-glutamyltransferase, in 4 of 5 for AST and in 3 of 5 for alkaline phosphatase. One @entity1 developed increased icterus leading to withdrawal of @entity53 . Withdrawal of @entity53 was followed by return toward control values over variable periods, usually 1 to 4 weeks. Repeated courses of @entity53 reproduced these enzyme changes. These observations indicate that @entity53 in the doses used (0.05 mg per day) reversibly lowers serum enzyme values in @entity2835 . The mechanism of the effect is unexplained, but an immune system alteration may be responsible.

title: Effect of @entity53 upon serum enzymes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis', 'biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Smoking only partly explains the @entity2 incidence observed among socially deprived @entity1 . Occupational exposures may account for part of these inequalities, but this issue has been little investigated. We investigated the extent to which smoking and occupational exposures to @entity1355 , @entity3440 and diesel motor exhaust mediated the association between education and @entity2 incidence in @entity1 . We analyzed data from a large French population-based case-control study (1976 @entity2 , 2648 controls). Detailed information on lifelong @entity286 consumption and @entity3675 was collected. We conducted inverse probability-weighted marginal structural models. A strong association was observed between education and @entity2 . The indirect effect through smoking varied by educational level, with the strongest indirect effect observed for those with the lowest education (OR  =  1.34 (1.14-1.57)). The indirect effect through occupational exposures was substantial among @entity1 with primary (OR  =  1.22 (1.15-1.30) for @entity1355 and @entity3440 ) or vocational secondary education (OR  =  1.18 (1.12-1.25)). The contribution of smoking to educational differences in @entity2 incidence ranged from 22  % (10-34) for @entity1 with primary education to 31  % (-3 to 84) for @entity1 with a high school degree. The contribution of occupational exposures to @entity1355 and @entity3440 ranged from 15  % (10-20) for @entity1 with a high school degree to 20  % (13-28) for @entity1 with vocational secondary education. Our results highlight the urgent need for public health policies that aim at decreasing exposure to carcinogens at work, in addition to @entity286 control policies, if we want to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in the @entity5 field.

title: Quantifying the mediating effects of smoking and occupational exposures in the relation between education and XXXX : the ICARE study.

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational exposures to various carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['higher lung cancer', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2931 (E) is essential for normal and @entity5 development in the breast, while anti-oestrogens have been shown to reduce the risk of the disease. However, little is known about the effect of E on gene expression in the normal @entity1 breast, particularly when the epithelium and stroma are intact. Previous expression profiles of the response to E have been performed on @entity5 cell lines, in the absence of stroma. We investigated gene expression in normal @entity1 breast tissue transplanted into 9-10-week-old female athymic nude (Balb/c nu/nu) @entity19 . After 2 weeks, when epithelial proliferation is minimal, one-third of the @entity19 were treated with @entity53 (E2) to give @entity1 luteal-phase levels in the @entity19 , which we have previously shown to induce maximal epithelial cell proliferation. RNA was isolated from treated and untreated @entity19 , labelled and hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A ( @entity1 ) GeneChips. Gene expression levels were generated using BioConductor implementations of the RMA and MAS5 algorithms. E2 treatment was found to represent the largest source of variation in gene expression and cross-species hybridization of @entity19 RNA from xenograft samples was demonstrated to be negligible. Known E2-responsive genes (such as @entity3559 and @entity1915 ), and genes thought to be involved in @entity0 (including mammoglobin, @entity4166 and @entity11752 ), were upregulated in response to E treatment. Genes known to be co-expressed with E receptor alpha in @entity0 cell lines and @entity5 were both upregulated ( @entity5594 and @entity32013 ) and downregulated ( @entity36164 and @entity9388 ). In addition, genes that are normally expressed in the myoepithelium and extracellular matrix that maintain the tissue microenvironment were also differentially expressed. This suggests that the response to @entity2931 in normal breast is highly dependent upon epithelial-stromal/myoepithelial interactions which maintain the tissue microenvironment during epithelial cell proliferation.

title: Effects of @entity2931 on gene expression in epithelium and stroma of normal XXXX breast tissue.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer metastasis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: Futile resuscitation can lead to unnecessary transports for @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ). The Basic Life Support (BLS) and @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) termination of resuscitation (TOR) guidelines have been validated with good results in North America. This study aims to evaluate the performance of these two rules in predicting neurological outcomes of @entity1167 @entity1 in Singapore, which has an intermediate life support Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on Singapore @entity1167 data collected from April 2010 to May 2012 for the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS). The outcomes of each rule were compared to the actual neurological outcomes of the @entity1 . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV), and predicted transport rates of each test were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 2,193 @entity1 had @entity1167 of presumed cardiac etiology. TOR was recommended for 1,411 @entity1 with the BLS-TOR rule, with a specificity of 100% (91.9, 100.0) for predicting poor neurological outcomes, @entity2286 100% (99.7, 100.0), sensitivity 65.7% (63.6, 67.7), NPV 5.6% (4.1, 7.5), and transportation rate 35.6%. Using the @entity1442 -TOR rule, TOR was recommended for 587 @entity1 , specificity 100% (91.9, 100.0) for predicting poor neurological outcomes, @entity2286 100% (99.4, 100.0), sensitivity 27.3% (25.4, 29.3), NPV 2.7% (2.0, 3.7), and transportation rate 73.2%. BLS-TOR predicted survival (any neurological outcome) with specificity 93.4% (95% CI 85.3, 97.8) versus @entity1442 -TOR 98.7% (95% CI 92.9, 99.8). CONCLUSION: Both the BLS and @entity1442 -TOR rules had high specificities and @entity2286 values in predicting neurological outcomes, the BLS-TOR rule had a lower predicted transport rate while the @entity1442 -TOR rule was more accurate in predicting futility of resuscitation. Further research into unique local cultural issues would be useful to evaluate the feasibility of any system-wide implementation of TOR.

title: Termination of Resuscitation Rules to Predict Neurological Outcomes in XXXX for an Intermediate Life Support Prehospital System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Advanced Life Support']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest', 'OHCA']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ductal or endometrioid @entity263 may be a subtype of @entity263 that is amenable to aggressive local therapeutic strategies. The authors of this report investigated the clinical outcome of @entity1 who had @entity263 after primary radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. METHODS: The clinical features of 108 @entity1 with locally confined or advanced @entity263 who had undergone primary radical prostatectomy (surgical group, n = 76 @entity1 ) or no surgery (nonsurgical group, n = 32 @entity1 ) were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical records were reviewed, and Gleason scores, clinical/pathologic stages, and preoperative @entity1486 levels were examined. The clinical features that were assessed included local recurrence, distant @entity3 , and progression-free and overall survival after primary therapy. RESULTS: In the surgical group, @entity1 who had pure @entity263 survived longer (median, 13.8 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], from 13.8 years to not attained) than @entity1 who had mixed @entity263 (median, 8.9 years; 95% CI, from 7.1 years to not attained; P = .05). In addition, the median time to local progression was shorter (2.8 years vs 4.9 years) and the median time to distant @entity3 was longer (3.9 years vs 2.0 years) for @entity1 who had pure @entity420 than for @entity1 who had mixed @entity263 after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study suggested that pure @entity263 tends to pursue an indolent clinical course and poses an increased risk for local recurrence. Local control (particularly prostatectomy) may improve the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity263 . These results need to be confirmed in prospective studies.

title: XXXX : clinical features and implications after local therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate ductal adenocarcinoma', 'ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer', 'ductal prostate cancer', 'pure prostate ductal adenocarcinoma', 'ductal prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) is a @entity844 (FA) that provides several health benefits to @entity1 . The feeding of fish oil-supplemented diets to dairy @entity291 has been extensively studied as a means to improve the @entity13357 content in milk. Several studies have also been conducted on the ability of many microorganisms to produce @entity13357 by utilizing substrates containing @entity4722 . In the present study, the dietary manipulated milk was used in combination with the @entity13357 -producing culture to manufacture Cheddar cheese. The two diets fed to @entity291 were control and treatment diets to obtain control and treatment milk, respectively. The treatment diet containing fish oil (0.75% of dry matter) was fed to 32 dairy @entity291 grouped in a pen for 18 d to increase the total @entity13357 content in milk. Treatment milk had a @entity13357 content of 1.60 g/100g of FA compared with 0.58 g/100g of FA in control milk obtained by feeding the control diet. A 2   2 factorial design with 3 replicates was used to test the combined effect of the @entity13357 -producing starter culture of @entity7878 (CI4b) versus a commercial @entity13357 nonproducing cheese starter as the control culture, and type of milk (control vs. treatment milk) on @entity13357 content in Cheddar cheese. Chemical composition (moisture, salt, fat, and protein) was not affected by the type of culture used. However, the age of the cheese affected the sensory properties and microbiological counts in the different treatments. Ripening with the CI4b culture was found to be effective in further enhancing the @entity13357 content. The CI4b cheeses made from control milk and treatment milk contained 1.09 and 2.41 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA after 1 mo of ripening, which increased to 1.44 and 2.61 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA after 6 mo of ripening, respectively. The use of treatment milk resulted in an increase in the @entity13357 isomers (trans-7,cis-9+cis-9,trans-11, trans-9,cis-11+cis-10,trans-12, trans-10,cis-12, cis-9,cis-11, trans-11,cis-13, cis-11,cis-13, trans-11,trans-13, and trans-9,trans-11). The CI4b culture specifically increased cis-11,cis-13 and trans-10,cis-12 isomers in cheese. The total @entity13357 content in cheese was significantly higher when the CI4b culture was used compared with @entity13357 nonproducing culture cheeses made from control milk and treatment milk after 1 mo [1.09 and 2.14 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA] and 6 mo [0.99 and 2.05 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA] of ripening, respectively. The results indicated that the combination of a @entity13357 -producing starter culture and milk from @entity291 fed fish oil-supplemented diets (0.99 g of @entity13357 /100g of FA) could enhance levels of total @entity13357 in Cheddar cheese by up to 2.6 times compared with cheese made from control milk with @entity13357 nonproducing starter culture (2.61 g of @entity13357 /100g of FA) after 6 mo.

title: Starter cultures and XXXX feed manipulation enhance conjugated @entity4722 concentrations in Cheddar cheese.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Background. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology, natural history, and prognostic factors of combined hepatocellular and @entity201 (cHCC-CC) using population-based registry. Methods. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database (1973-2004) was used to identify cases of cHCC-CC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The influence of @entity5 on @entity5 specific survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results. A total of 380 cases of cHCC-CC were identified, which account for approximately 0.87% of primary @entity96 . Of all @entity1 , 69.8% of @entity1 had regional or distant stage; 65.6% of @entity1 had poorly or undifferentiated histology. Only 44.9% of @entity1 with localized disease, received @entity5 . By logistic regression analysis, being widowed, advanced stage, and earlier diagnosis year were associated with lower rate of utilization of @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, @entity5 stage, receipt of @entity5 , and recent year of diagnosis were found to be significant predictors for @entity5 -specific survival. Conclusions. @entity1 with localized cHCC-CC who are selected for @entity5 were strongly associated with improved survival. However, many @entity1 with @entity5 did not receive potentially curative @entity5 . Further study is warranted to address the barriers to the delivery of appropriate care to these @entity1 .

title: Outcome of combined hepatocellular and XXXX of the liver.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-directed surgery', 'cancer', 'localized tumors', 'CDS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of coronary perfusion in the maintenance of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) electrical sources that anchor to the posterior (wall of the) left atrium ( @entity1989 ) has been incompletely investigated. We hypothesized that the @entity1989 -pulmonary vein region is perfused by branches originating from both the right and left coronary arteries. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether branches originating from the right and left coronary arteries could serve as conduits to chemically ablate restricted @entity1989 regions. METHODS: In Langendorff-perfused @entity742 hearts, the right anterior and left anterior atrial arteries (RAAA and LAAA) and the branches of the left circumflex artery (LCX) were identified as main coronary artery branches perfusing the atria. During sustained @entity955 , 20-mL boluses of cold Tyrode's solution (4  C) was injected into each artery to determine changes in dominant frequency. The injection that yielded the largest dominant frequency decrease indicated the coronary branch to be subsequently perfused with @entity1068 . @entity1068 was selectively injected into the LAAA (n = 4), LCX (n = 4), or RAAA (n = 1). RESULTS: Six of nine @entity955 cases rapidly terminated upon @entity1068 perfusion. In those hearts and in eight additional preparations (n = 17), Congo red and Evans blue was subsequently perfused into the remaining atrial branches. The perfusion territories were classified as triple-vessel @entity1989 perfusion (n = 4), LAAA-dominant @entity1989 perfusion (n = 5), balanced double-vessel @entity1989 perfusion (n = 5), and LCX or RAAA dominant (n = 3). CONCLUSION: @entity1989 coronary perfusion relies on a variable contribution of right and left coronary branches. Regional irrigation of @entity1068 in well-delineated @entity1989 perfusion territories enabled ablation of high-frequency sites during @entity955 .

title: Left atrial coronary perfusion territories in isolated @entity742 hearts: implications for XXXX maintenance.

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is an underestimated, yet important risk factor for development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Even after initial total recovery of renal function, some @entity1 develop progressive and persistent deterioration of renal function and these @entity1 are more likely to progress to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Animal models are indispensable for unravelling the mechanisms underlying this progression towards @entity740 and @entity454 and for the development of new therapeutic strategies in its prevention or treatment. @entity63 (i.e. hypoperfusion after surgery, @entity548 , @entity2700 , or @entity295 ) is a major aetiology in @entity1 @entity810 , yet unilateral @entity63 -reperfusion is a rarely used animal model for research on @entity740 and @entity82 . Here, we demonstrate in C57Bl/6J @entity19 , by both histology and gene expression, that unilateral @entity63 -reperfusion without contralateral nephrectomy is a very robust model to study the progression from @entity810 to long-term tubulo-interstitial @entity82 , i.e. the histopathological hallmark of @entity740 . Furthermore, we report that the extent of @entity8 , in terms of Col I, @entity2533 , @entity12020 and @entity31200 expression and collagen I immunostaining, increases with increasing body temperature during @entity63 and @entity63 -time. Thus, varying these two main determinants of @entity63 allows tuning the extent of the long-term fibrotic outcome in this model. Finally, in order to cover the whole practical finesse of @entity63 -reperfusion and allow model and data transfer, we provide a referenced overview on crucial technical issues (incl. anaesthesia, @entity1337 , and pre- and post-operative care) with the specific aim of putting starters in the right direction of implementing @entity63 in their research and stimulate them, as well as the community, to have a critical view on ischemic literature data.

title: Unilateral @entity8 -Reperfusion as a Robust Model for @entity810 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration, shock']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury', 'acute renal injury', 'AKI']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are known to be at increased risk of @entity281 , particularly if they are taking drugs with immunomodulatory effects. There is a need for more information on the risk of @entity683 in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out using data gathered from a large US commercial health insurance database (Thomson Reuters Medstat MarketScan) from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. @entity1 were >= 18 years of age, with at least two @entity309 claims diagnoses. The database was scanned for incidence of seasonal @entity683 and its complications on or up to 30 days after an @entity683 diagnosis in @entity309 @entity1 and matched controls. Other factors accounted for included medical conditions, use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), use of biological agents, @entity683 vaccination and high- or low-dose @entity288 . Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for @entity683 and its complications in @entity1 with @entity309 . RESULTS: 46,030 @entity1 with @entity309 and a matching number of controls had a median age of 57 years. The incidence of @entity683 was higher in @entity309 @entity1 than in controls (409.33 vs 306.12 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years), and there was a 2.75-fold increase in incidence of complications in @entity309 . Presence or absence of DMARDs or biologics had no significant effect. The adjusted @entity12623 of @entity683 was statistically significant in @entity1 aged 60-69 years, and especially among @entity1 . A significantly increased rate of @entity683 complications was observed in @entity1 and in both genders combined (but not in @entity1 only) when all age groups were combined. In general, the risk of @entity683 complications was similar in @entity309 @entity1 not receiving DMARDs or biologics to that in all @entity309 @entity1 . @entity55 rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity309 . Rates of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were higher in @entity1 , although statistical significance was borderline. CONCLUSIONS: @entity309 is associated with increased incidence of seasonal @entity683 and its complications. Gender- and age-specific subgroup data indicate that @entity1 generally have a greater rate of complications than @entity1 , but that @entity1 primarily have an increased rate of @entity64 and @entity583 complications. Concomitant DMARD or biological use appears not to significantly affect the rate of @entity683 or its complications.

title: XXXX and the incidence of @entity683 and @entity683 -related complications: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'stroke/myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Functional studies of lymphocytes in @entity483 ( @entity483 ) have so far focused on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas cells at the involved site, the skin, have not been examined. Accordingly, we have developed methods to generate lymphocyte cultures from biopsies of inflammatory skin areas. @entity272 ( @entity272 ) were isolated from skin biopsies of 6 @entity1 with severe @entity483 and expanded in vitro in the presence of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) without additional antigens. After 6-10 d in culture, outgrowth of mononuclear cells from biopsy tissue was observed in all cases. Phenotypic analysis of skin-derived cells revealed the predominance of @entity404 + T-helper/inducer phenotype in @entity272 populations. Parallel cultures of @entity272 and PBMC showed an increase and expansion of @entity405 + T cells in cultured PBMC, whereas the @entity404 + phenotype was predominant in @entity272 cultures. As indicated by their expression of HLA-DR and @entity2902 antigens, most of the @entity272 were activated and the cells mainly expressed T-cell receptors (TCR) composed of alpha and beta chains. Different strategies for expansion of @entity272 in vitro were examined. High levels of @entity3646 (1,000 U/ml) in combination with @entity1199 (50 U/ml or 1,000 U/ml) preferentially promoted growth of @entity272 derived from @entity483 and were much more effective than @entity1199 alone. No cells expanded in cultures with @entity3646 alone. @entity272 grown with high concentrations of @entity3646 contained a significant proportion of double-positive @entity404 +8+ cells. No other marked differences were observed in the distribution of T cell subsets in cultures propagated under different conditions for 21 d. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of growing infiltrating T lymphocytes from inflammatory skin of @entity483 @entity1 . The use of high concentrations of @entity1199 in combination with high levels of @entity3646 allows a large expansion of these cells and thus represents a useful strategy to expand cells for further functional and molecular biologic studies.

title: XXXX promotes the expansion of skin-infiltrating lymphocytes from @entity483 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SIL', 'Skin-infiltrating lymphocytes']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4']


abstract: The influence of vasodilators with varying mechanisms of action on pressor responses mediated by alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors was investigated in chronically instrumented, conscious @entity235 . After ganglionic, cholinergic and beta adrenergic blockade, equipressor doses of @entity2647 (0.6 microgram/kg i.v.), a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, and @entity1882 933 (20 micrograms/kg i.v.) a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, were administered before and in the presence of infusions of @entity594 (0.25-2.0 micrograms/kg/min), @entity7976 (4.0-32.0 micrograms/kg/min) or @entity1242 (1.0-8.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 produced a dose-related attenuation of the increase in mean arterial pressure after bolus administration of @entity2647 (from 26 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 1 mm Hg) and @entity1882 933 (from 29 +/- 2 to 5 +/- 1 mm Hg). @entity7976 did not affect @entity2647 -mediated pressor responses but significantly attenuated those to @entity1882 933 (28 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 1 mm Hg). In contrast, @entity1242 had no effect on either @entity2647 or @entity1882 933-mediated responses. In additional experiments after autonomic nervous system blockade, multiple doses of @entity2647 (0.6, 1.25 and 2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) and @entity1882 933 (10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg i.v.) were administered before and after i.v. infusions of @entity594 (1.0 microgram/kg/min) or @entity7976 (16.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 significantly decreased the pressor responses to all doses of @entity2647 and @entity1882 933. In contrast, the attenuation from control of alpha-2-mediated increases in arterial pressure by @entity7976 was partially overcome at higher doses (40 micrograms/kg) of @entity1882 933.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of @entity594 , @entity7976 and XXXX on the pressor responses elicited by selective alpha-1 and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil', 'Nicorandil']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3165 following humerus shaft @entity174 is a very rare entity because the ulnar nerve is well protected from the bone by muscle and soft tissue, and thus remains unaffected in these @entity174 . We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of @entity3165 due to a comminuted humeral shaft @entity174 . The injury manifested and was diagnosed the day after a high-velocity accident. The paucity of related literature and the necessity for early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of such injuries in high-velocity accidents urged us to document this case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old Indian @entity1 presented to our Emergency Department after a road traffic accident. Our @entity1 complained of right arm @entity158 and the inability to move his extremity. The following morning he developed clawing. Nerve conduction studies on the peripheral nerves of his arm in addition to an X-ray confirmed the diagnosis of a possible @entity3165 . Our @entity1 was taken to our Operating Room for surgery, during which a fragment of bone was found abutting the ulnar nerve after penetrating his triceps. This fragment of bone was replaced and the @entity174 was reduced by open reduction and internal fixation using a dynamic compression plate and screws. Postoperatively, our @entity1 received physical therapy and was discharged two weeks after surgery with no @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the urgency and importance of careful neurological examination of all the peripheral nerves supplying the arm in @entity1 with a @entity174 of the shaft of the humerus. In the setting of injury to the arm in high-velocity accidents, a differential diagnosis of @entity3165 should always be considered.

title: @entity3165 after a comminuted XXXX of the humeral shaft from a high-velocity accident: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the ulnar nerve', 'ulnar nerve injury', 'Injury to the ulnar nerve']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Outer membranes were isolated from @entity6747 HP-28 by a mild extraction method followed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography. The first peak (pool 1) recovered contained an activity which inhibited adherence of HP-28 cells to saliva-coated spheroidal @entity692 . @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) of pool 1 revealed a dominant protein band of 34 kDa. The @entity214 -PAGE-purified 34-kDa protein was excised from the gel and used for antibody preparation in rabbits. The antiserum produced was analyzed by immunoblot and was shown to be monospecific for the 34-kDa protein. Anti-34-kDa protein antibody was purified from the rabbit antiserum by protein A-Sepharose 6MB affinity chromatography. This antibody was then cross-linked to protein A-Sepharose 6MB to construct a second affinity column. The 34-kDa proteins were purified from outer membranes by this affinity chromatography. The 34-kDa protein was homogeneous, as confirmed by @entity214 -PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and reverse-phase chromatography analyses. Fab and Fc fragments of the purified anti-34-kDa protein antibodies were prepared by papain digestion, followed by @entity5070 cellulose chromatography. Fab fragments from the anti-34-kDa protein antibody and the affinity-purified 34-kDa protein both showed significant inhibition of parent @entity6747 HP-28 cell adherence to experimental salivary pellicle and to @entity885 SA-1.

title: Purification and characterization of an outer membrane protein adhesin from XXXX HP-28.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6747 :: ('729', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus parainfluenzae', 'H. parainfluenzae']

answer: @entity6747 :: (729,Species) :: ['Haemophilus parainfluenzae']


abstract: The possibilities of bone and soft tissue ablation without thermal damage by 248 nm KrF excimer laser irradiation were examined. A defect was made on the @entity35 tongue by laser at pulse width: 15 nsec, power density: 12 W/cm2, pulse repetition rate: 20 Hz and irradiated time: 60 seconds. The same size defect was made by stainless steel surgical knife for control. The tongues were examined histopathologically at timed sequence from 1 hour to 7 days after operation. The @entity35 femur was cut by laser at pulse width: 15 nsec, power density: 2.6 kW/cm2, pulse repetition rate: 30 Hz and irradiated time: 3 minutes. The femur was amputated by dental diamond disc for control. The femurs were examined histopathologically at timed sequence from 1 hour to 16 weeks after operation. The @entity35 tongue was easily excised with @entity130 by laser irradiation, and its healing process is almost the same as that of the control. The laser irradiation had no hemostatic effect. The femur could be amputated by laser irradiation but its wound healing was prolonged. The laser ablation stump showed massive @entity39 probably due to the @entity130 and these necrotic bones likely disturbed the wound repair. The degree of the @entity130 by the excimer laser irradiation might depend on the irradiation condition because the condition of bone amputation was stronger than that of tongue excision.

title: [Histopathological study of wound healing process of XXXX tongue and femur by excimer laser irradiation--possibility of cutting of vital tissue by laser irradiation].

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury', 'little thermal injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: SUMMARY: Accurate knowledge of @entity438 would be valuable in guiding the volume of embolized material required for optimal filling of an @entity439 sac and recording percentage volume filling. Algebraic volumes are frequently estimated by algebraic volume formulae. 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) aids endovascular treatment planning and yields volumetric data. Our aim was to define the accuracy of 3D-DSA in quantifying @entity439 volume using an automated voxel-based volumetric method (voxel volume method) and compare results to volumes calculated by ellipsoid and cylindrical algebraic formulae (algebraic volume method). We constructed 13 latex @entity439 moulds and measured their true volumes using a micropipette in-vitro. 3D-DSA was performed on contrast filled moulds and experimental volume estimated by both voxel and algebraic methods. In our in-vivo study we quantified the voxel and algebraic volumes from the 3D data sets of 75 @entity438 . The linear regression test provided correction values between voxel and algebraic methods. The in-vitro study showed that the voxel volume method was the most accurate (mean percentage deviation from true volume 3.7 +/- 3.5%; p=0.9). The ellipsoid method significantly underestimated - 11.2 +/- 13.6%; p < 0.05) and the cylindrical method overestimated (42.6 +/- 35.7%; p < 0.05) true @entity439 volume. Similar results were obtained in-vivo. While algebraic measurements could be corrected by an equation, the clinical usefulness of this equation is questionable due to the large volume range to achieve a 95% confidence interval. The voxel volume method is accurate in quantifying @entity439 volume. @entity439 in-vivo do not conform to simple algebraic geometry. @entity439 volume on 3D-DSA should be calculated by the voxel-based method and not by algebraic formulae.

title: Accuracy of Voxel-Based and Algebraic Formula-Based Methods in Quantifying XXXX Volume by 3D-Rotational Digital Subtraction Angiography. An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysm volume']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Daily set up of @entity1 with @entity263 using orthogonal kV/kV imaging and weekly set up control require 1h to 1h30 of off line revision by a radio-oncologist per day and per accelerator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to delegate this control to radiation therapists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The files of 33 @entity1 (including 13 with @entity263 ) treated from November 2010 to February 2011 on a Varian    Clinac IX accelerator with an OBI    system were evaluated. Radiation therapists made the daily kV/kV imaging. Radiation therapists made the online control by kV/kV for @entity1 repositioning and radio-oncologists made the offline reviews; the results were compared and analysed (seven radiation therapists and seven radio-oncologists). For an isocentre displacement of 5mm, the radiation therapist had to call the radio-oncologist to make a medical decision (treatment or @entity1 displacement). The difference of measures and the concordance of decisions between radiation therapists and radio-oncologists were calculated. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty-six measures were made for 33 treatments, including 226 measures for @entity263 treatment. The difference of measures between radiation therapists and radio-oncologists was 3mm or less in 93.7% for all treatments and 96.2% for @entity263 treatment. The concordance of decision between radiation therapists and radio-oncologists for measures up to 4mm was 97% (CI95  2%) vs. 57% (CI95  10%) for measures equal to or higher than 5mm (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Radiation therapists are able to do daily set up using kV/kV on the bony structures of @entity1 with @entity263 , with a risk of disagreement higher than 3mm less than 4%. The weekly set up controls (different primaries) can be delegated to the radiation therapists, subject to an accurate procedure using a medical alert for a given threshold. Training and competence certification are required to secure the process.

title: [Partial delegation to radiation therapists of the control by onboard imaging of XXXX positioning].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: Whether bowel related dysfunction adversely affects postoperative recovery after total colectomy with @entity254 (C  +  IRA) for colonic inertia (CI) has not been previously well evaluated. This study compared the early postoperative outcome of C  +  IRA for CI and for other noninflammatory indications. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing elective C  +  IRA from 1999 to 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Since @entity32 in the rectum or small bowel may influence the outcome, @entity1 with @entity29 were excluded. @entity1 undergoing surgery for CI (group A) were compared with @entity1 having the operation for other benign noninflammatory diseases (group B). Demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure and 30-day complications were assessed. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 333 @entity1 undergoing elective C  +  IRA (99 @entity1 , mean age 39      16  years). The procedure was laparoscopic in 163 (49%) @entity1 . Groups A (n  =  131) and B (n  =  202) had similar age and ASA score (39      11 vs 39     19  years, P  =  0.4; 2.2      0.5 vs 2.4      0.7). Group A @entity1 had lower BMI (25      5 vs 28      8  kg/m(2) , P  =  0.002), more @entity1 (99 vs 51%, P  <  0.001) and fewer laparoscopic procedures (43 vs 53%, P  =  0.04). Compared with group B, group A had a greater incidence of @entity86 (32 vs 19%, P  =  0.009), higher overall morbidity (36 vs 15%, P  <  0.001) and increased length of stay (8.4      6 vs 7.2      5  days, P  <  0.006). These differences persisted when subgroups of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery were compared. CONCLUSION: Although CI is considered a 'benign' condition, @entity1 undergoing C  +  IRA for this indication have significant morbidity compared with @entity1 having the operation for other noninflammatory benign conditions.

title: Colectomy with XXXX has a worse 30-day outcome when performed for colonic inertia than for a neoplastic indication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['ileorectal anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worsening high prevalence of global @entity28 . Special attention has been paid to the gut-endocrine system, represented by the regulators of appetite. In particular, it has been suggested that ghrelin ("hunger" peptide), and @entity10558 and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity6757 ) ("satiety" peptides) could play important roles in the pathogenesis of @entity28 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to compare fasting plasma ghrelin, @entity10558 , and @entity6757 levels between @entity28 and nonobese prepubertal @entity1 , and to assess their relations with @entity1386 indexes and insulin resistance (IR). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two prepubertal @entity28 @entity1 and 22 controls were enrolled. Fasting levels of gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, @entity10558 , and @entity6757 ), @entity413 , and insulin were evaluated. IR was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index. Analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: Obese prepubertal @entity1 and normal-weight controls had similar age distribution. Obese @entity1 were more insulin resistant when compared to controls (HOMA-IR: p < 0.01 ). @entity6757 levels were significantly lower in @entity28 @entity1 than in controls (p < 0.01). @entity10558 was significantly higher in @entity28 than normal-weight @entity1 (p < 0.01), while ghrelin was not different. There was a negative correlation between @entity6757 and standard deviation score-body mass index (r = -0.36, p = 0.009) and between @entity6757 and waist circumference (r = -0.45, p = 0.001), while no association was observed with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6757 levels have been shown to be correlated with adiposity indexes, but not with HOMA-IR, suggesting that this hormone could play an important role in the early development of @entity28 .

title: Implications of gastrointestinal hormones in the pathogenesis of XXXX in prepubertal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity10558 :: ('MESH:D054439', 'Chemical') :: ['Obestatin', 'obestatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ONTARGET and TRANSCEND clinical trials were designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of @entity9887 80 mg and @entity3372 10 mg, alone and in combination, in @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 . Cardiac MRI enables investigation of mechanistic effects of these agents on cardiac structural and functional variables. Here, we report the design, analysis protocol, reproducibility and relevant quality control procedures, and baseline @entity1 characteristics of the ONTARGET/TRANSCEND cardiac MRI substudy. MRI was undertaken in 330 subjects enrolled in ONTARGET, and 38 subjects in TRANSCEND, across eight centers in six countries. Analyses were performed by two independent analysts using guide-point modeling. Cases with discrepancies in LV mass (LVM) of >5% were independently reanalyzed. Cases with discrepancies in end-diastolic volume (EDV) of >5%, or end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ) of >12%, were then reconciled by consensus. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were broadly similar to the main ONTARGET/TRANSCEND trials, except for a higher frequency of @entity453 and Asian ethnicity in the substudy. Reproducibility of MRI analyses (mean +/- SD) were 2.8 +/- 3.7 ml in EDV, -0.3 +/- 3.6 ml in @entity5778 , 3.1 +/- 3.3 ml in SV, 1.1 +/- 1.8% in EF, and 0.4 +/- 4.5 g in LVM. Subgroup analyses revealed increased @entity5778 and LVM, and reduced EF, in subjects with a history of either @entity453 or @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: The ONTARGET/TRANSCEND cardiac MRI substudy protocol provides for a reliable assessment of the effects of @entity9887 and @entity3372 , alone and in combination, on cardiac structural and functional parameters over a 2-year follow-up period.

title: The cardiac MRI substudy to ongoing @entity9887 alone and in combination with @entity3372 global endpoint trial/ XXXX randomized assessment study in ACE-intolerant subjects with @entity65 : analysis protocol and baseline characteristics.

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity9887 :: (MESH:C084178,Chemical) :: ['telmisartan']


abstract: The use of transthoracic echocardiography in dolphins has been limited so far owing to technical and anatomical specificities. @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) is a postprocessing echocardiographic technique generating M-mode studies from two-dimensional (2D) cineloops independently of the ultrasound beam orientation. The aim of the present study was to determine the within-day (repeatability) and between-day (reproducibility) variability of @entity15131 echocardiography in awake healthy bottlenose dolphins (BN, @entity13552 ). Four adult BN trained to lie in left recumbency at the water surface were involved in the protocol. A total of 96 echocardiographic examinations were performed on 4 different days by a trained observer examining each BN 6 times per day. Video clips of 2D left parasternal long-axis views showing the left ventricle (LV) ventrally and the aortic root dorsally were recorded at each examination and analyzed for @entity15131 measurements in a random order. A general linear model was used to determine the within-day and between-day coefficients of variation (CV). All examinations were interpretable allowing calculation of 10 @entity15131 variables (i.e., end-diastolic and end-systolic ventral and dorsal LV myocardial wall thicknesses as well as LV and aortic diameters, mean aortic diameter, and LV shortening fraction). Most within- and between-day CV values (18/20) were <15%, the lowest being observed for the end-diastolic LV diameter (1.6%). In conclusion, @entity15131 provides a simple non-invasive evaluation of heart morphology and function in the awake BN with good repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements. Further studies are required to determine the corresponding reference intervals.

title: Within-day and between-day variability of transthoracic anatomic M-mode echocardiography in the awake bottlenose dolphin ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['Anatomic M-mode', 'AMM']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11153 (ECP) is present in eosinophil granules. It has been associated with @entity1712 . OBJECTIVE: We compared serum ECP levels in @entity56 and @entity2023 @entity1 and evaluated the association with the eosinophil count and the total IgE level. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and categorized enrolled @entity1 into the @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) groups. ECP, eosinophil count, and total IgE levels were reviewed in both groups. The association between ECP and the eosinophil count and total IgE level was further evaluated according to commonly detected specific antigens. RESULTS: Six hundred and ten adults were included in the study. In the @entity56 group (n=349), the median age was 27.0 (23.0-42.0) years and the female:male ratio was 0.26:1. In the @entity2023 group (n=261), the median age was 32.0(24.0-45.5) years and the female:male ratio was 0.33:1. We found that ECP ( @entity56 : 18.8(9.9-31.4), @entity2023 : 14.8(8.2-24.9), p=0.003), eosinophil count ( @entity56 : 191.0(112.0-308.5), @entity2023 : 149.0(91.0-249.0), p=0.002) and total IgE ( @entity56 : 166.0(58.4-422.5), @entity2023 : 68.8(24.5-141.0), p<0.001) were higher in @entity56 than in @entity2023 @entity1 . The ECP level was associated with the eosinophil count in both the @entity56 (p<0.001) and @entity2023 groups (p<0.001). A significant correlation between the ECP level and eosinophil count was demonstrated in @entity56 @entity1 who were skin test positive against house dust mite, animal and pollen allergens. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that ECP could be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity56 . The level of serum ECP was positively correlated with @entity1712 in @entity56 @entity1 regardless of the type of allergen sensitization. However, further study is warranted to verify the role of ECP in the clinical management of @entity2023 .

title: The correlation of serum @entity11153 level with eosinophil count, and total IgE level in Korean XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophil-associated disorders', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['non-allergic rhinitis', 'NAR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['Eosinophil cationic protein']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['adult allergic rhinitis']