abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study sought to assess the prognostic value of the kinetics of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 (CRP) and clinical scores (clinical @entity358 score (CPIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)) in the outcome of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) at an early time point, when adequacy of antimicrobial treatment is evaluated. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital. The subjects were 75 @entity1 consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit from October 2003 to August 2005 who developed @entity2489 . @entity1 were followed for 28 days after the diagnosis, when they were considered survivors. @entity1 who died before the 28th day were non-survivors. There were no interventions. RESULTS: PCT, CRP and SOFA score were determined on day 0 and day 4. Variables included in the univariable logistic regression model for survival were age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, decreasing DeltaSOFA, decreasing DeltaPCT and decreasing DeltaCRP. Survival was directly related to decreasing DeltaPCT with odds ratio (OR) = 5.67 (95% confidence interval 1.78 to 18.03), decreasing DeltaCRP with OR = 3.78 (1.24 to 11.50), decreasing DeltaSOFA with OR = 3.08 (1.02 to 9.26) and APACHE II score with OR = 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99). In a multivariable logistic regression model for survival, only decreasing DeltaPCT with OR = 4.43 (1.08 to 18.18) and decreasing DeltaCRP with OR = 7.40 (1.58 to 34.73) remained significant. Decreasing DeltaCPIS was not related to survival (p = 0.59). There was a trend to correlate adequacy to survival. Fifty percent of the 20 @entity1 treated with inadequate antibiotics and 65.5% of the 55 @entity1 on adequate antibiotics survived (p = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Measurement of PCT and CRP at onset and on the fourth day of treatment can predict survival of @entity2489 @entity1 . A decrease in either one of these marker values predicts survival.

title: Decreases in XXXX and @entity1851 are strong predictors of survival in @entity2489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['procalcitonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined use of blue dye and radiocolloid is considered to be useful for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy of @entity0 . Whether both techniques together is superior to either alone was analyzed. @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 308 cases of @entity0 who underwent SLN biopsy using the combination technique was used. The frequency of a blue node or hot node was analyzed in all cases and only node-positive cases. Furthermore, the frequency of a blue node and hot node together, or either alone, and the highest radiocount of the SLNs in each case were examined for correlation with 8 clinicopathologic features. Three types of SLN containing both blue dye and radioactivity (blue-hot node), blue dye alone (blue-only node) and radioactivity alone (hot-only node), and the SLN radiocounts were analyzed for correlation with @entity3 . RESULTS: Of 308 cases, a blue node was present in 298 (97%), a hot node in 295 (96%), and either a blue or hot node in 306 (99%). The presence of a blue node or hot node was similarly affected by previous surgical biopsy and body mass index (BMI), and the presence of a hot node was also affected by age and @entity5 location. However, the presence of either a blue node or hot node was not affected by any of these characteristics. Of 77 node-positive cases, 8 (10%), 15 (19%) and 6 (8%) were considered to be node-negative based on blue node, hot node and either blue node or hot node positivity, respectively. The frequency of positivity for SLN @entity3 decreased in order from blue-hot, blue-only to hot-only nodes. Of 62 cases with metastatic hot nodes, six (10%) were negative when the hottest node was examined, but the second-hottest node was positive. CONCLUSIONS: The added value of the presence of blue node or hot node was confirmed in the SLN biopsy using the combination technique, which suggests that all blue nodes and hot nodes need to be harvested.

title: Added value of the presence of blue nodes or hot nodes in sentinel lymph node biopsy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Specific health check-ups, which do not include @entity170 screening, are conducted more frequently than periodic @entity170 screening in Japan. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the @entity174 risk assessment tool (FRAX(  )) during specific health check-ups, evaluated the variations in its usefulness for 2 consecutive years, and determined FRAX(  ) cut-off values for @entity170 screening. FRAX(  ) questionnaires were distributed to subjects who underwent specific health check-ups in 2009 and 2010 at Asahi-machi. Subjects who exhibited FRAX(  ) cut-off values of >= 10  % were advised to be screened at a medical institution. Bone mineral densities (BMDs) were measured in 201 subjects in 2009 and 105 subjects in 2010 after specific health check-ups, and treatment was initiated for 79 subjects in 2009 and 24 subjects in 2010. The number of subjects examined and the rate of treatment initiation following specific health check-ups were higher than those in subjects following periodic @entity170 screening in 2009. However, the number and the rate following specific health check-ups dropped in 2010. According to receiver operating characteristic curves analyses, the sensitivity and specificity of FRAX(  ) to determine @entity170 treatment were highest when the cut-off values were 8  % for @entity1 and 10.5  % for @entity1 . In conclusion, the combination of FRAX(  ) and specific health check-ups was more useful than periodic @entity170 screening to narrow down the subjects and to motivate them to seek follow-up. Cut-off values for specific health check-up using FRAX(  ) should be approximately 8  % for @entity1 and 10.5  % for @entity1 .

title: Application of the XXXX risk assessment tool (FRAX(  )) and determination of suitable cut-off values during primary screening in specific health check-ups in Japan.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: AIM: A prothrombotic state is associated with organ damage in @entity101 @entity1 . Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) is an early marker of vascular damage that anticipates the development of @entity731 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between subclinical @entity16 and markers of the prothrombotic state in @entity101 . METHODS: In 258 essential @entity101 @entity1 who were consecutively recruited at a @entity101 clinic an ultrasound carotid scan was performed with assessment of the @entity121 and plasma levels of C-reactive protein, @entity2002 , fibrin D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2, @entity1255 , and lipoprotein(a) were measured. RESULTS: @entity1 with an @entity121 above the median of the distribution (800   m) were older and had greater BMI, pulse pressure, duration of @entity101 , and prevalence of @entity301 than @entity1 with an @entity121 below the median. @entity1 with higher @entity121 had also greater levels of C-reactive protein, @entity2002 , fibrin D-dimer, and @entity1255 . Regression analysis showed a direct relationship of @entity121 with age, waist circumference, pulse pressure, @entity2002 , fibrin D-dimer, and number of cigarettes smoked per day, and an inverse relationship with @entity1011 clearance. On multivariate analysis, age, pulse pressure, and fibrin D-dimer were independently related with @entity121 . CONCLUSION: In @entity101 @entity1 , subclinical @entity16 is related with evidence of activated coagulation system suggesting a prothrombotic state. This might contribute to the development of @entity101 @entity16 even in the earliest stages.

title: A prothrombotic state is associated with early @entity16 in @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['carotid damage', 'arterial damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to review our experience of postnatal investigations and management of @entity358 . METHODS: All @entity1 with antenatal diagnosis undergoing surgical management were identified from hospital records. Antenatal diagnosis and serial antenatal ultrasound findings were noted, postnatal chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomographic (CT) scan were reviewed. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to look into relation between CT scan and per-operative findings. Surgical management and outcome of these lesions were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 were identified between January 2000 and December 2011; 22 were males and 16 were females. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 21 weeks (range 18 to 26 weeks). Five @entity1 showed complete resolution antenatally. Four @entity1 were symptomatic at birth. Postnatal CXR showed an abnormality in only 17 @entity1 . CT scan with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions was performed at the mean age of 7.7 months (range 1 day to 42 months). CT scan correlated well with per-operative findings and provided adequate anatomical information r = 0.98. Open thoracotomy and lobectomy/excision was performed in 23, and 15 had thoracoscopic lobectomy/excision. The mean age of operation was 18 months (range 2 days to 96 months). Twenty @entity1 had signs of recurrent @entity281 with @entity456 and hilar thickening resulting in conversion of 10 thoracoscopic cases to open surgery. Histology confirmed 26 @entity2977 , 2 hybrid lesions, 7 sequestrations, and 3 bronchopulmonary malformations. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal resolution and normal postnatal CXR are not reliable indicators of resolution of the lesion. Early postnatal CT scan preferably with 3D reconstruction and early surgical treatment are suggested, as delaying the operation may result in @entity281 making thoracoscopic approach more difficult.

title: XXXX : preoperative three-dimensional reconstructed CT scan as the definitive investigation and surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['repeated infection', 'preoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Congenital lung lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important risk factor for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity454 . Very high plasma @entity1239 concentrations have been reported in @entity1 with severe @entity177 , indicating that the disposition of @entity1239 in these @entity1 may be different. The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered @entity1239 in healthy subjects and in @entity1 with @entity177 . METHODS: Nine healthy subjects (glomerular filtration rate [ @entity5017 ], 84 to 143 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2), four @entity1 with mild @entity177 ( @entity5017 , 63 to 73 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2), five @entity1 with moderate @entity177 ( @entity5017 , 18 to 36 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2), and six @entity1 with severe @entity177 ( @entity5017 / @entity1009 .73 m2) were recruited. Three @entity1 were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. An intravenous infusion of @entity1239 (0.028 mg/kg) was given for 10 minutes. @entity1239 and @entity4874 concentrations were measured in plasma, urine, and peritoneal dialysate from 0 to 24 hours after start of infusion RESULTS: There were significant correlations between @entity5017 and total clearance, nonrenal and renal clearance of @entity1239 , area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity, terminal elimination half-life, and mean residence time. Nonrenal clearance was 1303 mL/min and 661 mL/min in healthy subjects and @entity1 with severe @entity177 , respectively. Only 1% to 2% of the @entity1239 dose was excreted unchanged in a 24-hour collection of peritoneal dialysate. The elimination of @entity4874 was also decreased in @entity1 with @entity177 . CONCLUSION: Progressive @entity177 is associated with a gradual decrease of renal and nonrenal elimination of @entity1239 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: AIM: To compare the @entity1 ' self-assessment of the severity of their symptoms with a physicians assessment and to evaluate the ability of self-assessed symptoms and ejection fraction (EF) to predict long-term survival in @entity712 @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 (n=332) evaluated symptoms using a self-administered functional classification scale (Specific Activity Scale, SAS), which is equivalent to the NYHA scale. EF and NYHA functional class was also recorded. All @entity1 were followed over a 3-year period. RESULTS: Approximately 50% of @entity1 classified themselves into SAS class I. In contrast, the cardiologists classified only 9% of the @entity1 as NYHA class I. In @entity1 with severe @entity1002 (EF<or=0.35) SAS score (HR 1.48, 95% CI [1.03-2.12] p=0.03) and @entity1289 inhibitor treatment (0.23 [0.11-0.51], p=0.0003) independently predicted 3-year mortality in a multivariable analysis. EF was not predictive of mortality in the low EF group. Only age predicted long-term outcome in @entity1 with preserved systolic function. CONCLUSION: @entity1 ' self-assessed symptoms and NYHA classification are not coherent. Left ventricular EF is of less importance in comparison with symptoms in @entity712 . @entity1 reporting less severe symptoms had a favourable 3-year prognosis, regardless of EF.

title: Self-assessed symptoms in XXXX --important information for clinical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A type of heat-insoluble cryoglobulin has been rarely reported and poorly understood. We report the case of a 79 y-old female who was admitted to hospital due to @entity4 and @entity177 . METHODS: Serial biochemical, immunological, and histological investigations were conducted. RESULTS: This @entity1 had elevated serum @entity1133 and @entity1011 with positive rheumatoid factor and low serum C3 and C4. Her serum was positive for cryoglobulin at 4 degrees C. The precipitate did not dissolve at 37 degrees C until it was heated to 56 degrees C. Electrophoresis of the cryoglobulin demonstrated a monoclonal spike in the gamma region characterized as IgG-kappa and polyclonal IgM by immunofixation. Bone marrow aspiration showed presence of 5% plasma cells. Histological examination of renal biopsy revealed a diffuse increase in mesangial matrix, cellularity and endocapillary proliferation. Numerous monocyte/macrophages were present within mesangium and capillary lumina. Focal double contouring of glomerular basement membrane with subendothelial deposits and "hyaline thrombi" were noted. Accordingly, a @entity14033 associated with @entity631 and @entity1581 of undetermined significance was made. CONCLUSIONS: The unusual heat-insoluble cryoglobulins may indicate severe clinical consequence. Proper laboratory procedure and careful examination of cryoglobulin will assure early recognition and detection of heat-insoluble cryoglobulins.

title: Heat-insoluble cryoglobulin in a @entity1 with XXXX and cryoglobulin-occlusive @entity631 : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['type II heat-insoluble cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity14033 :: (MESH:D003449,Disease) :: ['essential type II cryoglobulinemia']


abstract: Intrathecal @entity616 are performed with either 95% @entity167 or with 6-8% @entity3971 in glycerin. @entity167 is hypobaric and @entity3971 hyperbaric compared with the cerebrospinal fluid; positioning of the @entity1 must therefore be done accordingly. This is a report about 67 consecutive neurolytic @entity167 blocks of the lower sacral roots. Although lumbar puncture is done at the lowest possible level at L5-S1, the block only affects the roots from S3 or S4 downwards. The detailed anatomy of the caudal dural sack reveals why S1 and S2 are not affected. S1 and S2 contribute to the lumbosacral plexus and are important for the innervation of the lower extremities. However in @entity1 with very low CSF pressure, S2 and S1 might become damaged. This is the most important result of this series. To avoid an unexpected extension of the block in @entity1 with very low CSF pressure, we now recommend that synthetic CSF be instilled prior to @entity167 . The results were unsatisfactory in @entity1 with perineal @entity158 and @entity158 in the lower extremities as well. In these cases S2 or S2 + S1 are already affected by the @entity5 . One should employ other therapeutic procedures (e.g., epidural @entity1286 ) for these @entity1 . After careful selection of @entity1 , @entity167 neurolysis of the lower sacral roots is a useful procedure.

title: [Intrathecal XXXX neurolysis of the lower sacral roots in inoperable @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['neurolytic blocks']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 (case 1) with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) presented with @entity1353 . He had been treated using interferon b-1b ( @entity2391 -1b) since he was 51 years of age. Laboratory test results showed @entity9427 and @entity4988 , @entity644 , and absence of @entity811 . He was diagnosed with @entity1985 , and the administration of @entity2391 -1b was stopped. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed, and the histology revealed @entity8 . A 33-year-old @entity1 (case 2) with @entity15 , who had been treated using @entity2391 -1b for 7 years, was diagnosed with @entity644 during a medical checkup. She was referred to a nephrologist and was found to have @entity4988 and @entity644 . A diagnosis of @entity1985 was made, and @entity2391 -1b therapy was stopped. The @entity1 underwent percutaneous renal biopsy, and the histology revealed @entity8 . Both @entity1 were treated using intravenous @entity1667 followed by oral @entity617 . Case 1 was administered @entity205 orally, and his clinical symptoms and laboratory test results improved at first, but his laboratory test results subsequently showed recurrence of @entity644 . Case 2 was administered mizoribine orally, resulting in improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. Case 2 showed relapse of @entity15 , but the symptoms were mild and were alleviated after @entity134 therapy. @entity2391 therapy has several complications including @entity8 . Previously, several cases of @entity1985 associated with @entity2391 within 2 years of therapy were reported, but drug-induced @entity8 could appear after several years of the therapy as our cases. We should pay attention to @entity1985 under using long-term @entity2391 .

title: [ @entity1985 in @entity15 XXXX who had undergone long-term interferon b-1b therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and general fatigue']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate intralesional cytokine levels in @entity1613 of the uterine cervix and their relationship with @entity1082 ) @entity1799 , HPV @entity1799 E6/E7, and high-risk HPV viral load. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 67 @entity1 between May 2005 and December 2005. Hybrid Capture II testing was used to identify @entity1 as high-risk HPV DNA-positive or -negative. HPV DNA Chip test was performed for HPV genotyping in all cases found to be HPV DNA-positive. Real-time PCR was used to quantify @entity1799 E6, E7, interleukin-6 ( @entity650 ), interleukin-10 ( @entity688 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), and interferon gamma ( @entity379 ) transcripts. RESULTS: Among high-risk @entity1083 @entity1 , intralesional @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity379 levels had no significant differences according to histologic grade. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity379 were not associated with @entity1799 . Increased @entity379 was significantly associated with @entity1799 E6- and E7-positive (OR 28.197, 95% CI: 2.658-299.110; OR 19.617, 95% CI: 2.135-180.253, respectively), whereas @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity688 were not associated with @entity1799 E6 and E7. In multiple regression analysis, elevated @entity379 was significantly associated with increased HPV viral load (P=0.039), whereas @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity688 were not significantly associated with HPV viral load. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1083 @entity1 , @entity379 is significantly associated with @entity1799 E6, E7, and high-risk HPV viral load in the uterine cervix. Thus, increased intralesional @entity379 may be considered to be a prognostic marker for oncogenic potential of high-risk HPV.

title: The relationship between cytokines and @entity1799 , XXXX E6, E7, and high-risk HPV viral load in the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-infected']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV-16']


abstract: Robot-assisted movement training improves arm movement ability following acute and @entity64 . Such training involves two interacting processes: the @entity1 trying to move and the robot applying forces to the @entity1 's arm. A fundamental principle of motor learning is that movement practice improves motor function; the role of applied robotic forces in improving motor function is still unclear. This article reviews our work addressing this question. Our pilot study using the Assisted Rehabilitation and Measurement (ARM) Guide, a linear robotic trainer, found that mechanically assisted reaching improved motor recovery similar to unassisted reaching practice. This finding is inconclusive because of the small sample size (n = 19), but suggest that future studies should carefully control the amount of @entity717 practice delivered to justify the use of robotic forces. We are optimistic that robotic forces will ultimately show additional therapeutic benefits when coupled with movement practice. We justify this optimism here by comparing results from the ARM Guide and the Mirror Image Movement Enabler robotic trainer. This comparison suggests that requiring a @entity1 to generate specific patterns of force before allowing movement is more effective than mechanically completing movements for the @entity1 . We describe the engineering implementation of this "guided-force training" algorithm.

title: Robot-assisted movement training for the XXXX -impaired arm: Does it matter what the robot does?

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Due to an increasing lifespan, @entity1 with @entity6926 have a high incidence of @entity570 . The presence of recurrent @entity174 make primary and particularly revision @entity572 challenging. We present a series of @entity1 with @entity6926 undergoing @entity572 at a tertiary referral centre with a median follow-up of 7.6 years (4 to 35 years). There were four primary total hip arthroplasties and eight revision total hip arthroplasties performed in four @entity1 . Three femoral components were custom computer assisted design computer assisted manufactured. The survival rate of the primary @entity572 was 16% and there were ten complications: five intraoperative @entity174 , one case of septic loosening and four cases of @entity1349 . @entity1 with pre-operative acetabular protrusio were significantly more likely to require revision surgery (p = 0.02). At latest follow-up, the median Oxford hip score was 41 (37 to 46). As the largest series of primary and revision @entity572 performed in @entity1 with @entity6926 , we report good medium to long-term outcomes. Preoperative planning and consideration of custom made prostheses have an important role in these complex cases.

title: Primary and revision @entity572 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractures and deformities']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: The @entity751 is a complex condition that results from an accumulation of multiple waste compounds, combined with failure of the endocrine and homeostatic functions of the kidney in end-stage @entity177 ( @entity177 ) @entity1 . Recently it has become clear that uraemia is a microinflammatory condition with a significant increase in @entity32 markers. @entity3147 is a common pathological condition which exacerbates @entity65 in uraemic @entity1 . Inadequate diet and a state of persistent catabolism play major roles in uraemic @entity3147 , yet the underlying mechanisms have not been completely clarified. Malnourished @entity1 present elevated levels of circulating cytokines, further aggravating the oxidative and inflammatory characteristics of uraemia. It has been suggested that abnormalities in @entity842 bioactivity, coupled with @entity3147 and @entity32 , may contribute to increased incidence of atherothrombotic events in uraemia. Amongst the earliest indications of @entity3147 are low concentrations of plasma @entity1522 , including @entity534 , the precursor for @entity842 (NO) synthesis. @entity731 is an @entity32 and NO is an important mediator of @entity32 . There is a close association between @entity715 and @entity1423 , and NO is involved in all stages of platelet activation. @entity534 inhibits @entity1423 both in vitro and in vivo, while @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), an endogenous @entity534 analogue and inhibitor of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ), increases platelet activation and adhesion. The majority of studies in animal models and @entity1 @entity1 indicate that the systemic production of NO is increased in uraemia. @entity177 @entity1 show reduced plasma concentration of @entity534 , and the enhancement of @entity534 transport is essential to maintain increased NO synthesis in platelets taken from these @entity1 . The present review provides an overview of recent advances in the understanding of the association among @entity3147 , @entity32 and the @entity534 - @entity842 pathway in uraemic @entity1 , and related potential interventions that could improve clinical outcome in @entity177 .

title: Uremia, atherothrombosis and @entity3147 : the role of @entity534 - XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['uraemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiency']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 with @entity161 face stigmatisation. Several methods have been produced to simulate the auditory and @entity1833 experienced by @entity1 with @entity161 in order to increase empathy and understanding about the condition. However, there has been no review of such methods. This systematic review aims to determine whether and how simulated @entity1833 are effective in reducing stigma, and if simulated @entity1833 are safe and acceptable. METHODS: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Worldcat Dissertations and Theses were searched from 1980 to September 2010. Reference checking, hand-searching, and contacting of experts in the field were also performed. A narrative synthesis of quantitative studies was conducted, and qualitative studies were synthesised using meta-ethnography. RESULTS: Ten studies were included. Simulation tools varied in context, but consistently increased both empathy towards, and desire for social distance from, @entity1 with @entity161 whilst findings for other attitudes were inconsistent. @entity1 reported physical, @entity73 . Qualitative data suggest that these discomforts give @entity1 an 'insider's perspective' which produced empathy and respect. Simulated @entity1833 sometimes produced concurrent negative affect, and @entity147 , but were considered a highly acceptable learning tool. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Simulated @entity1833 have contradictory effects on stigma, increasing empathy but also the desire for social distance. They should therefore be used with caution. Further research is required to discover if there is a way of using simulated hallucination interventions that increases empathy without increasing the desire for social distance from @entity1 with @entity1032 .

title: The simulation of XXXX to reduce the stigma of @entity161 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and emotional discomfort']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['physical and emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['hallucinations']


abstract: The apparent total tract and ileal digestibility assays to measure @entity5066 absorption in commercial @entity235 diets were compared in the present study. Five ileal cannulated @entity235 were fed 5 commercial dry @entity235 foods selected to contain 19 to 30% @entity2723 in a 5 * 5 Latin square design. Ileal and total tract digestibility (apparent and standardized) of @entity3918 , OM, @entity2723 , @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), @entity1735 , and @entity5066 (including reactive Lys) were calculated using @entity6214 as an indigestible marker. Greater apparent total tract digestibility values were found for @entity3918 , OM, and @entity2723 (P  <= 0.034) compared with ileal digestibility values; however, @entity1386 (P = 0.058) had a greater ileal apparent digestibility. Apparent and standardized @entity2723 digestibility values were, respectively, 5.7 and 7.4 percentage units greater when measured over the total digestive tract compared with measurement at the ileum (P = 0.034 and 0.011, respectively). Ileal apparent digestibility for N of @entity5066 (P = 0.009) and most @entity5066 (P < 0.05), except for Met, Ile, Lys, @entity815 , and Ala, was decreased if measured at the ileum. However, correction for endogenous losses showed only Met digestibility did not differ between measurement sites. Differences between sites in excess of 15 percentage units were recorded for @entity5066 . Apparent and standardized ileal reactive Lys digestibility was 3.1 to 15.3 percentage units greater than corresponding total tract digestibility values. For several indispensable @entity5066 , the bioavailability estimates currently used by the 2006 NRC and the 2011 Association of American Feed Control Officials to derive allowance estimates for @entity235 adult maintenance were greater than the digestibility values of these @entity5066 in the commercial @entity235 foods evaluated. Although the @entity235 large intestine is relatively short, the total tract digestibility assay in @entity235 can overestimate the digestibility of dietary @entity5066 and @entity2723 and may not be an accurate method for the measurement of absorption. In this study, bioavailability estimates of @entity5066 appeared to be less than those used to derive allowance estimates for commercial @entity235 foods. Further work is required if current recommendations warrant adjustment.

title: Comparison of ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility of dry XXXX foods.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity1 are referred to departments for plastic surgery increasingly frequently for breast reconstruction following mastectomy for @entity0 . Successful results depend greatly on the primary mastectomy carried out by surgeons without experience in reconstruction. It is particularly important that the incisions are suitably placed so that the final result can be satisfactory. Our material consists of 119 @entity1 who had been submitted to unilateral mastectomy for @entity0 at least one year previously. One fifth of the @entity1 had @entity1184 breasts. The unequal distribution of weight following unilateral mastectomy is followed by such considerable discomfort from the remaining breast that this alone makes a reduction plastic operation necessary. Simultaneously, reconstruction is carried out on the side of the mastectomy. As the method of reconstruction, introduction of @entity1346 prosthesis were carried out in 110 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were, in addition, submitted to more complicated plastic flap procedures. The postoperative course was uncomplicated in 112 @entity1 (94%). Reoperation proved necessary on seven occasions; in four @entity1 on account of haematoma formation and @entity397 of the wound in three @entity1 . In four @entity1 , the prosthesis had to be renewed on account of @entity397 during the subsequent years. Guidelines for placing the incisions at the primary mastectomy are suggested to facilitate successful reconstruction. Finally, a suitable biopsy technique is described.

title: [Mastectomy incisions and biopsy technics in view of subsequent reconstructive surgery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, target population and influencing factors of @entity4562 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) pretreated with @entity902 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1149 who had been previously treated with at least one course of @entity902 based chemotherapy received 250 mg oral doses of @entity4562 once daily till disease progression. Response rate, progression free survival, overall survival and @entity137 profile were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate. Cox regression was used to define the predictive factors. RESULTS: A hundred and fifteen @entity1 were enrolled into the study from July 2001 to May 2005. The follow-up was ended on Sep. 30, 2006. Median follow up time was 30 months. The compliance rate was 100%. The median symptom improving time was 8 days. Complete response rate was 4.3% (5/115), partial response 39.1% (45/115), stable disease 27.0% (31/115) and progressive disease 29.6% (34/115). Response rate was 43.5% (50/115). Disease control rate was 70.4% (81/115). The median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 8 and 11 months, respectively. One and two-year progression-free survival rates and overall survival rates were 32.2% (events 78), 5.6% (events 103) and 41.7% (death 67), 21.5% (death 87) respectively; 3-year overall survival 12.3% (death 93). @entity420 was the only predictor for therapeutic effect in the Cox model (P = 0.004). The primary failure to @entity4562 was due to brain metastasis (39.4%, 28/71). @entity137 was found in 5.2% (6/115) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4562 is the drug of choice for @entity1 with heavily pretreated stage III(B) and IV @entity420 of @entity1149 with safe and accepted @entity137 profile.

title: [ XXXX target treatment in @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Grade III skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['Gefitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity4571 was administered daily as a liquid formulation to @entity135 @entity1 receiving a 5- to 7-week course of radiotherapy. The pharmacokinetics, compliance, and tolerance of this drug formulation were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were drawn and @entity4571 levels determined in 40 @entity135 @entity1 . On the first treatment day serial samples were obtained followed by daily samples at the time of irradiation during the first and last full weeks of the treatment. Side-effects of @entity4571 were monitored. RESULTS: In all @entity1 peak concentrations greater than 700 nmol/ml could be obtained 0.25-3 h (mean 0.83 +/- 0.73 h) after drug intake. During the first week of treatment plasma levels at the time of irradiation were adequate in 82% of the samples. This decreased to 59% in the last week of treatment which can be partly attributed to reduced compliance. The most important side-effect of @entity4571 was @entity390 with or without @entity391 occurring in 65% of the @entity1 . Severe side-effects were associated with high plasma concentrations over subsequent days. Tolerance improved after a 25% reduction of dose in six of seven @entity1 but plasma levels at the time of irradiation fell below 700 nmol/ml in four out of six of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Peak plasma concentrations above the 700 nmol/ml level were obtained in all @entity1 but these concentrations could not be reproduced during the entire course of the treatment in a significant portion of the subjects. Side-effects of @entity4571 are associated with plasma concentrations and tolerance can be improved by a moderate reduction of dose.

title: Administration of XXXX during a five- to seven-week course of radiotherapy: pharmacokinetics, tolerance, and compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide', 'nicotinamide']

answer: @entity4571 :: (MESH:D009536,Chemical) :: ['nicotinamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4352 receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are well established in the management of outpatient @entity565 . However, there is very little information as to their role in acute @entity565 exacerbations. We hypothesized that LTRAs may accelerate lung function recovery when given in an acute exacerbation. METHODS: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital to assess the efficacy of oral montelukast on @entity1 of 16 years of age and above who were hospitalized with acute @entity565 exacerbation. The @entity1 were given either montelukast or placebo along with standard therapy throughout the hospital stay for acute @entity565 . Improvements in lung function and duration of hospital stay were monitored. RESULTS: 100 @entity1 were randomized; their mean age was 52 years (SD +/- 18.50). The majority were females (79%) and non-smokers (89%). The mean hospital stay was 3.70    1.93 days with 80% of @entity1 discharged in 3 days. There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms, PEF over the course of hospital stay (p = 0.20 at day 2 and p = 0.47 at day 3) and discharge (p = 0.15), FEV1 at discharge (p = 0.29) or length of hospital stay (p = 0.90) between the two groups. No serious adverse effects were noted during the course of the study. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that there is no benefit of addition of oral montelukast over conventional treatment in the management of @entity697 . TRIAL REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">375-Med/ERC-04.

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral montelukast in acute XXXX exacerbation.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma attack']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diaphragm is the major respiratory muscle affected by @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and is responsible for causing 80% of @entity204 . The use of mechanical forces that act on the body or intermittent pressure on the airways improves the quality of life of @entity1 but does not prevent the progression of @entity1576 . Thus, diseases that require tissue repair, such as @entity1555 , represent a group of pathologies that have great potential for cell therapy. The application of stem cells directly into the diaphragm instead of systemic application can reduce cell migration to other affected areas and increase the chances of muscle reorganisation. The mdx @entity19 is a suitable animal model for this research because its diaphragmatic phenotype is similar to @entity1 @entity1555 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential cell implantation in the diaphragm muscle after the xenotransplantation of stem cells. METHODS: A total of 9 @entity19 , including 3 control BALB/Cmice, 3 5-month-old mdx @entity19 without stem cell injections and 3 mdx @entity19 injected with stem cells, were used. The animals injected with stem cells underwent laparoscopy so that stem cells from GFP-labelled @entity95 olfactory epithelium could be locally injected into the diaphragm muscle. After 8 days, all animals were euthanised, and the diaphragm muscle was dissected and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Both the fresh diaphragm tissue and immunohistochemical analyses showed immunopositive GFP labelling of some of the cells and immunonegativity of myoblast bundles. In the histological analysis, we observed a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate as well as the presence of a few peripheral nuclei and myoblast bundles. CONCLUSION: We were able to implant stem cells into the diaphragm via local injection, which promoted moderate muscle reorganisation. The presence of myoblast bundles cannot be attributed to stem cell incorporation because there was no immunopositive labelling in this structure. It is believed that the formation of the bundles may have been stimulated by cellular signalling mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated.

title: Muscle reorganisation through local injection of stem cells in the diaphragm of mdx XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the @entity1486 (PSA) outcome after low-dose adjuvant RT at a single institution, because the role and optimal dose of external beam radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy for @entity263 remain controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 65 @entity1 who had received low-dose adjuvant RT (median 50 Gy) for microscopically positive margins with an undetectable postoperative PSA from 1990 to 2004. Biochemical failure-free survival was the primary endpoint. Biochemical failure was defined as two consecutive PSA increases to greater than 0.2 ng/mL. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 5 years, 2 @entity1 had developed distant @entity3 , 2 had local recurrence, and 2 had died (neither attributable to @entity263 ). Biochemical failure had occurred in 7 @entity1 (11%). The 5 and 8-year rate of biochemical failure-free survival was 87%. A greater Gleason score (P = 0.04) and seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.04) predicted significantly for increased biochemical failure on univariate analysis. No single factor was significant on multivariate analysis. @entity1 with a Gleason score of 7 or less had a 5-year biochemical failure-free survival rate of more than 90%. In contrast, those with a Gleason score of 8 or more had a 50% risk of biochemical failure at 5 years. Acute bowel or @entity1494 (all grade 2 or less) developed in 25%. Two @entity1 developed chronic @entity3832 requiring dilation, and 34 (51%) developed surgery-related @entity137 that persisted throughout and after RT. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose RT is well tolerated and can potentially provide PSA control in @entity1 with Gleason score 7 or @entity66 with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy.

title: @entity1486 control with low-dose adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['less disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Two male twins were born at a gestational age of 30 weeks. Five days after delivery, the mother was diagnosed with @entity2743 . The thyroid function in the neonates was therefore evaluated, which led to the detection of central @entity6750 (central CHT), even though the neonatal CHT-screening had been reported to be normal. Both @entity1 were treated with @entity1955 up to the age of nine months. It was then established that their development had been uneventful. Maternal @entity2743 can, due to the presence of anti-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies and the maternal use of anti-thyroid drugs, result in @entity1374 in the neonate. Neonates born to mothers with @entity2743 are at risk of developing central CHT. This occurs especially in @entity1 of mothers who are not treated or are inadequately treated during pregnancy. In view of the importance of thyroid hormone for brain development, @entity1 with central CHT are at risk for @entity245 if @entity1374 is not detected and treated early. The Dutch screening for @entity6750 is based on @entity1955 (T4), TSH and thyroid-binding globulin. This makes it possible to detect central CHT. However, in prematurely born @entity1 this disease may be missed because in this subgroup, referral is only based on increased TSH levels, which may not be present.

title: [Central XXXX due to @entity2743 in the mother].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental problems']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: @entity4346 is the consequence of a structural adaptation of the heart in response to the chronic pressure load, leading to a reduction of the increased systolic wall stress. Studies in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 have shown, that @entity4346 can be influenced by various, but not all antihypertensive agents. @entity12833 , @entity3371 , beta-blockers and @entity460 channel blockers resulted in reversal of @entity1184 . Treatment with diuretics, @entity2514 or @entity5491 did not increase or alter degree of @entity1283 despite normalization of blood pressure. The biochemical profile after reversal of @entity1184 differs according to antihypertensive therapy, i.e. @entity12833 induces an increase in collagen content, whereas @entity3371 does not alter the collagen content of the myocardium. Adrenergic factors play an important role in modulating the response of the heart. In clinical studies the reduction in cardiac mass does not depend solely on the antihypertensive effect on blood pressure levels. There is only a weak correlation between decrease of @entity4346 and fall of blood pressure level, as is shown in 12 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , treated with @entity3371 over 6 months. The degree of regression of @entity1184 is influenced by stability of blood pressure control (diurnal variations and response to stress are more important than single casual values), neurohumoral response, presence of associated @entity299 , cause and severity of @entity101 , genetic factors and age. We studied the regression of @entity4346 by M-mode-echocardiography in 12 @entity1 with mild or moderate essential @entity101 during a 6-month therapy with @entity3371 (50-75 mg p.d.) and @entity918 (50 mg p.d.). In 11 of 12 @entity1 @entity3371 treatment resulted in a reduction of LV-mass of 30.9 +/- 15.1% and wall thickness. Peak systolic and endsystolic wall stress decreased significantly (-29.1% and -27.2%, resp.) after blood pressure reduction, but were still slightly elevated. Ejection fraction increased by 5.4% (p less than or equal to 0.05). 6 @entity101 @entity1 treated for 6 months with @entity1406 (150 mg p.d.) and @entity918 (50 mg p.d.) do not show significant reduction of LV-mass (-6.5%). Peak and endsystolic wall stress were significantly reduced (-33.1% and -11.5%, resp.) as in @entity3371 therapy. In 34 @entity1 with severe @entity101 treated with @entity3371 , @entity918 and @entity1406 over 30 months, we observed a decline in the Sokolow-Lyon-Index from 4.8 +/- 1.1 mV to 3.8 +/- 0.5 mV after 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Regression of left XXXX in @entity101 : principles, experimental and clinical findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyldopa', 'Alpha-methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['heart hypertrophy']


abstract: AIM: @entity11807 , an @entity74 , is characterized by @entity2008 leading to @entity600 , progressive @entity2131 , and a high probability of developing @entity5 at an early age. @entity213 and @entity2800 are the major causes of @entity5 related morbidity and mortality in @entity11807 @entity1 . METHODS: We investigated the effect of a nutrient mixture on @entity11807 @entity1 fibroblast cell lines FA-A:PD20 and FA-A:PD220 on matrix metalloproteinase expression, invasion, cell proliferation, morphology and apoptosis. The cell lines were grown in a modified Dulbecco's Eagle medium and at near confluence were treated with the nutrient mixture at increasing doses: 0; 10; 50; 100; 500; 1000   g/ml. The cells were also treated with @entity4515 to induce @entity1495 expression. RESULTS: Zymography demonstrated @entity1476 and @entity4515 -induced @entity1495 activity. The nutrient mixture inhibited expression of both, @entity1476 and @entity1495 , in a dose dependent manner with virtually total inhibition observed at 500   g/ml. Matrigel invasion was inhibited in both cells lines; with 100% inhibition for FA-A:PD20 at 500   g/ml and 100% inhibition of FA-A:P220 cells at 100   g/ml. H_E staining did not indicate any change in cell morphology and causes apoptosis at higher doses. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that the nutrient mixture inhibited matrix metalloproteinase expression, invasion and induced apoptosis, the important parameters for @entity5 prevention. The results suggest that the nutrient mixture may have therapeutic potential in @entity11807 associated @entity5 .

title: Repression of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibition of cell invasion by a nutrient mixture, containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, and green tea extract on XXXX @entity11807 fibroblast cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi Anemia', 'Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of different cognitive abilities to academic performance in @entity1 surviving cerebral insult can guide the choice of interventions to improve cognitive and academic outcomes. This study's objective was to identify which cognitive abilities are associated with academic performance in @entity1 after @entity311 with @entity16 . METHODS: 62 Ugandan @entity1 with a history of @entity311 with @entity16 were assessed for cognitive ability (working memory, reasoning, learning, @entity227 , attention) and academic performance (reading, spelling, arithmetic) three months after the illness. Linear regressions were fit for each academic score with the five cognitive outcomes entered as predictors. Adjusters in the analysis were age, sex, education, nutrition, and home environment. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) were used to determine the nature of the association between cognition and academic performance. Predictive residual sum of squares was used to determine which combination of cognitive scores was needed to predict academic performance. RESULTS: In regressions of a single academic score on all five cognitive outcomes and adjusters, only Working Memory was associated with Reading (coefficient estimate=0.36, 95% confidence interval=0.10 to 0.63, p<0.01) and Spelling (0.46, 0.13 to 0.78, p<0.01), Visual Spatial Skills was associated with Arithmetic (0.15, 0.03 to 0.26, p<0.05), and Learning was associated with Reading (0.06, 0.00 to 0.11, p<0.05). One latent cognitive factor was identified using EFA. The @entity2383 found a strong association between this latent cognitive ability and each academic performance measure (P<0.0001). Working memory, visual spatial ability and learning were the best predictors of academic performance. CONCLUSION: Academic performance is strongly associated with the latent variable labelled "cognitive ability" which captures most of the variation in the individual specific cognitive outcome measures. Working @entity227 , and learning together stood out as the best combination to predict academic performance.

title: The association between cognition and academic performance in Ugandan @entity1 surviving XXXX with @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual spatial skills', 'memory, visual spatial skills']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'structural equation models']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the suppression of @entity35 experimental autoimmune @entity4643 ( EAU) by induced immune tolerance via intranasal administration of retinal S antigens. METHODS: The bovine @entity18295 was purified from @entity291 retina by salt precipitation and ionic exchange chromatography, the female Lewis @entity35 were used to induce immune tolerance by intranasal administration with purified @entity291 retinal S antigens and then the @entity35 were used to produce the EAU model by retinal S antigens challenge. The rate of EAU occurrence, the clinical and histological scores, the @entity272 and lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by @entity18295 and concanavalin A were recorded. The adjunct effect of @entity786 on tolerance induction was observed. RESULTS: After intranasal administration of retinal S antigens, EAU was induced in two of eight ( 25% ) @entity35 in tolerant group, sis of six (100%) @entity35 in control group , the difference of EAU induction rate was significant in tolerant group compared with control (P = 0. 0097) . The average onset time in tolerant group were 16. 5 days, the control group was 10. 3 days, the difference was significant ( F = 26. 32, P = 0. 000; q = 9. 723, P <0. 01). The average clinical scores of EAU in tolerant group were 0. 89, the control group was 3. 94, the difference was significant( F = 12. 48 ,P = 0. 000; q = 7. 904, P < 0. 01 ). The average histological scores of EAU in tolerant group were 1. 21, the control group was 4. 12, the difference was significant( F = 11. 80, P = 0. 000; q = 7. 510,P <0. 01). The histological features in tolerant group were iris blood vessels slightly dilation, few exudates in anterior chamber and vitreous cavity; there were slighter retina swallow and the photoreceptors damages in the tolerant group. The @entity272 and the proliferative responses of lymphocytes stimulated by @entity18295 and concanavalin A in tolerant group were slighter than that in the control group. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity786 enhanced the effect of immune tolerance slightly. Only intraperitoneal injection of @entity786 did not diminish the severity of the @entity35 EAU. CONCLUSION: The intranasal induced tolerance by retinal S antigens can suppress effectively the prevalence of @entity35 experimental autoimmune @entity4643 induced by retinal S antigens.

title: [The suppression of the experimental autoimmune XXXX with retinal S antigens by intranasal tolerance induction].

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity4643 :: (MESH:D003103,Disease) :: ['uveoretinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Paramedics frequently attend older @entity1 who have fallen and sustained suspected @entity174 , a population of @entity1 who may be at risk of inadequate analgesic care. This prospective study aimed to describe the rate and effectiveness of @entity1337 administered by paramedics to older @entity1 with suspected @entity174 secondary to falls and to identify predictive factors associated with provision of @entity1337 . METHODS: A cohort of older @entity1 aged greater than 65 years with suspected fall-related @entity174 was extracted from a database of 1,610 cases collected during a prospective, nonconsecutive observational study of older @entity1 who had fallen and received an ambulance response from October 1, 2010, through June 30, 2011. Fall-specific data, collected on scene by paramedics using a specially designed data form, were linked to @entity1 clinical records and dispatch information. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe rates and effectiveness of analgesic administration, and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with provision of @entity1337 . RESULTS: Of 1,610 @entity1 in the observational study database, there were 333 @entity1 identified as having suspected @entity174 , thus forming the study population. The mean (  SD) age was 82 (  8) years, and 75% were female. Suspected @entity174 of the hip were most common (42%). An initial @entity158 score was recorded in 67% of cases, and the median initial @entity158 severity was 8 of 10 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5 to 9). Overall, 60% received @entity1337 , and 80% of those received parenteral opiates. Intravenous (IV) @entity1286 was most common (63%), followed by @entity11961 (39%) and intranasal @entity3575 (17%). Administration of oral analgesics was uncommon. @entity1337 was considered to be clinically effective (>= 30% relative reduction in @entity158 severity) in 62% of cases. @entity1 with suspected @entity173 had greater odds of receiving @entity1337 compared to those with suspected @entity174 at other anatomical sites (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17 to 6.32; p = 0.02). Compared to those with mild @entity158 , the odds of receiving @entity1337 increased significantly for @entity1 with moderate @entity158 (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.3 to 18.8; p < 0.0001) and severe @entity158 (OR = 31.1, 95% CI = 9.9 to 97.6; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population of older @entity1 who fell and sustained suspected @entity174 , two-thirds received paramedic-administered @entity1337 . The majority of @entity1 received clinically effective @entity1337 , and the presence of a suspected @entity173 increased the likelihood of receiving @entity158 relief.

title: Provision of out-of-hospital @entity1337 to older fallers with suspected XXXX : above par, but opportunities for improvement exist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity11961 :: ('MESH:D008733', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyflurane']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Concomitance of @entity1378 and @entity2742 is rare and only forty-nine well documented cases could be found in the literature. In the present study, only forty-three @entity1 with adequate available clinical and laboratory data are reported. @entity2741 was found in all the @entity1 and five of them (12%) had acute @entity2742 . Two @entity1 were also pregnant and had @entity788 . Hypercalcuria was found in 73% and @entity5886 in 55% of the @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 (26%) had renal concretions. Skeletal roentgenograms showed abnormalities in 63% of the patients. Elevated serum level of alkaline phosphatase was present in 64% of the @entity1 . However, there seemed to be no correlation with the severity of the skeletal lesions. @entity2743 commenced before that of @entity2742 in twenty-three @entity1 (53%) whereas in the remaining twenty @entity1 it was impossible to determine which disease began first. The etiologies of @entity2742 as well as the differential diagnosis of parathyroid-related and nonparathyroid-related @entity2741 are discussed. Microscopically, 74% of the @entity1 had a single @entity652 ; 16% had @entity1373 of one to three parathyroid glands. One @entity1 had an @entity652 in combination with @entity1373 of one parathyroid gland, one had an @entity652 and three @entity5072 , one had @entity652 of two parathyroid glands in combination with @entity1373 of one parathyroid gland, and the other one had @entity189 of a parathyroid gland.2+ Finally, if a @entity3935 @entity1 still has @entity2741 when becoming euthyroid after antithyroid therapy, coexisting @entity1378 should be considered and an operation should be performed as surgical treatment cured both diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Primary hyperparathyroidism and coexisting XXXX --review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic glands']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'Hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of our study were to evaluate serum leptin, resistin, @entity26156 and @entity1254 levels in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), in comparison to healthy controls, and to correlate their levels to parameters of disease activity and/or severity. METHODS: Serum leptin, resistin, @entity26156 and @entity1254 levels were obtained from 14 @entity5 @entity1 carrying mutations involving @entity462 residues, from 16 @entity5 @entity1 carrying other mutations, and from 16 healthy controls. Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, including @entity2783 were entered for each @entity1 . Comparisons between groups as well as reciprocal comparisons have been evaluated. RESULTS: Serum leptin, resistin, @entity26156 and @entity1254 did not significantly differ among the 3 groups. @entity1 carrying @entity462 residues mutations showed lower @entity26156 serum levels than @entity1 carrying other mutations (p<0.02). Serum leptin significantly correlated with the number of attacks/year (multiple R=0.32, multiple adjusted R2= 0.19, p <0.03). Serum @entity1254 levels significantly correlated with the presence of @entity2783 (multiple R=0.79, multiple adjusted R2=0.57, p<0.03). @entity1254 values were a significant predictor for @entity2783 (AUC 0.75, 95 CI: 0.56-0.94, p<0.03), with a predicting cut-off value set at 23.16 pg/ml, the predictive positive value was 53.8%. @entity26156 serum levels resulted respectively related to leptin (rs=0.42, r2=0.18, p<0.02) and to resistin (rs=0.57, r2=0.32, p<0.01) serum levels; whilst leptin and resistin serum levels did not reciprocally correlate. CONCLUSIONS: Although a prospective design study and larger cohort are mandatory, adipokines serum levels and their correlations with parameters of disease activity and/or severity seem to show a baseline pattern in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Serum leptin, resistin, @entity26156 and XXXX levels in @entity5 necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome ( @entity5 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome', 'TRAPS']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: 1. In the proposals for the reorganisation of the campaign against T.B., published in 1973, the german Central Committee focused its attention on the search for sources of @entity281 and their elimination. Closely connected with this is the use of the tuberculin test as a means of verifying cases, and in the estimation of the epidemiological situation by determining the risk of @entity281 . 2. Only the elucidation of epidemiological conditions can vouchsafe the definite use of the effective measures possible today. The indefinite vaccination of the new-born hinders this attempt considerably. In the main the immunal prophylaxis of those exposed to the disease can be continued. However, in certain cases chemical prophylaxis should be applied. Mass X-ray examinations must be increasingly assessed in the light of general precautional methods. 3. Criterion for the danger of @entity378 is the risk of @entity281 . This risk can be determined by representative tuberculin tests which can be carried out singly in each federal state in order to do justice to local peculiarities. A risk of @entity281 of less than 1%o makes indefinite measures for the most part superfluous. Furthermore, in the long run, the further trend of @entity378 can be kept under observation by continued determination of the risk of @entity281 with random samples. 4. The main task of the Public Health Service in the campaign against T.B. is the search for the sources of @entity281 . The more a measure helps to achieve this aim, the more important it is. The ensuing hierarchy of measures taken should form the basis of all planning and organization.

title: [The essentials of a modern campaign against XXXX with special emphasis on the general B.C.G. vaccination (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a 3-decade clinical review of prophylaxis for wound @entity281 and @entity6177 after open appendectomy for pediatric @entity698 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of @entity1 with @entity698 who underwent open appendectomy performed by the same pediatric surgeon at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Toronto, Canada, between 1969 and 2003, inclusive. We evaluated 3 types of prophylaxis: subcutaneous (SC) antibiotic powder, peritoneal wound drain and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. We divided the sample into 4 treatment groups: peritoneal wound drain alone (group 1); peritoneal wound drain, SC antibiotic powder and IV antibiotics (group 2); SC antibiotic powder and IV antibiotics (group 3); and IV antibiotics alone (group 4). We used the   (2) test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: There were 496 @entity1 : 348 (70%) @entity1 and 148 (30%) @entity1 , with a mean age of 7 (range newborn to 17) years. There were 90 (18%) wound @entity281 . Compared with the current standard of practice, IV antibiotics alone (group 4), peritoneal wound drain (group 1) was associated with the lowest number of wound @entity281 (7 [7%], p = 0.023). There were 43 (9%) @entity6177 . Compared with IV antibiotics alone, SC antibiotic powder with IV antibiotics (group 3) was associated with the lowest number of @entity6177 (14 [6%], p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Over a 35-year period of open appendectomy for pediatric @entity698 , wound @entity281 was least frequent in @entity1 who received prophylactic peritoneal wound drain, and @entity6177 was least frequent in those who received prophylactic SC antibiotic powder and IV antibiotics.

title: Open appendectomy for pediatric XXXX : a historical clinical review of the prophylaxis of wound @entity281 and @entity6177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal abscess', 'postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['ruptured appendicitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is well documented that music plays a role in reducing @entity148 levels. Its role in reducing intra-operative @entity148 levels in surgical @entity1 while awake is less well known. We report the effects of music on intra-operative @entity1 @entity148 in both the elective and trauma plastic surgical setting. METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 undergoing local anaesthetic surgical procedures were identified: those where music was played in the operating theatre (Group 1) and those where it was not (Group 2). Ninety-six @entity1 were included. Subjectively @entity148 was evaluated by the @entity1 with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and objectively by the respiratory rate (RR), both pre and post-operatively. The unpaired t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences between the groups. RESULTS: The mean pre-operative VAS score was similar in both groups (5.7 in Group 1 and 5.8 in Group 2). The mean pre-operative RR was 15 breaths per minute in both groups. Post-operatively, the VAS score and RR were both lower in Group 1 (VAS: 3.5 vs 4.9; p<0.01 and RR: 11 vs 13 breaths per minute; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the era of the @entity1 centred approach to clinical care, it is crucial to minimise @entity1 @entity148 . Music appears to reduce intra-operative @entity148 in awake @entity1 in both the elective and trauma plastic surgical setting. Easy listening music and chart classics appear to be suitable genres according to @entity1 . We believe there is a role for a large, multicentre, randomised control study to examine the benefits of music in all local anaesthetic procedures across different specialties.

title: Is there a role for music in reducing XXXX in plastic surgery minor operations?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: From 1963 through 1986, we examined 91 @entity1 with @entity189 of the oropharynx. Of these 91 @entity1 , the primary treatment modality was chosen for 75 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the periods of treatment. In group I (1963-1973), 33% of the @entity1 were applied combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 28% chemotherapy followed by surgery as their initial treatment. In group II (1974-1986), 65% of the @entity1 were applied combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 21% a multimodal treatment consisting of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy followed by composite resection. Five-year survival rate was 36% in group I and 51% in group II, which indicated a progress in the treatment of @entity189 of the oropharynx. The role of surgical treatment for @entity189 of the oropharynx was discussed. It appears that composite resection and reconstructive surgery produced a great benefit in the treatment of @entity66 after radiotherapy or recurrent diseases. Then our new treatment modality incorporating neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was presented. The literatures in terms of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed.

title: [Multidisciplinary treatment of XXXX of the oropharynx].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual diseases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Subchondral microdamage may play an important role in @entity130 ( @entity130 ) development following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 . It remains unknown whether this injury mechanism causes subchondral microdamage, or whether its repair occurs by targeted osteoclast-mediated remodeling. If so these events may represent a mechanism by which subchondral bone is involved in @entity130 . Our objective was to test the hypothesis that subchondral microdamage occurs, and is co-localized with remodeling, in a novel @entity35 model of @entity6151 . DESIGN: We developed a novel non-invasive @entity35 animal model for @entity6151 and subchondral microdamage generation. By inducing @entity6151 noninvasively rather than surgically, this more closely mimics the clinical injury. MicroCT, MRI and histological methods were used to measure microstructural changes, ligament damage, and cellular/matrix degeneration, respectively. RESULTS: We reproducibly generated @entity6151 without damage to other soft joint tissues. Immediately after injury, increased microdamage was found in the postero-medial aspect of the tibia. Microstructural parameters showed increased resorption at 2 weeks, which returned to baseline. Dynamic histomorphometry showed increased @entity5384 label uptake in the same region at 4 and 8 weeks. Chondrocyte death and protease activity in cartilage was also noted, however whether this was directly linked to subchondral changes is not yet known. Similarly, cartilage scoring showed degradation at 4 and 8 weeks post-injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that our novel model can be used to study subchondral microdamage after ACL- @entity397 , and its association with localized remodeling. @entity528 , on a similar time-scale to other models, is also a feature of this system.

title: A novel @entity35 model for subchondral microdamage in acute knee injury: a potential mechanism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic osteoarthritis', 'PTOA']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic osteoarthritis']


abstract: This phase I study sought to determine the @entity137 profile, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of giving @entity3003 every 3 weeks and @entity1311 weekly in @entity1 with relapsed @entity43 . Eligible @entity1 with relapsed @entity43 and prior treatment with @entity902 - and @entity1311 -based therapy were treated with an escalating regimen of @entity3003 (day 1) at an area under the curve (AUC) of 4-6 and 1-h infusions of @entity1311 (days 1, 8, and 15) at 50-80 mg/m(2) cycled at 3-week intervals. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on the first day of cycles 1 and 2. All @entity1 had a @entity902 -free interval of greater than 6 months from the most recent @entity902 treatment. A total of 77 cycles were administered to 16 @entity1 , with a similar median number of cycles per @entity1 at each dose level varying from 4.6 to 5.3. @entity1398 and grade 4 @entity882 were the dose-limiting @entity137 at dose levels 3 and 4 after the third cycle, with no @entity33 , @entity390 , @entity391 , or @entity1897 observed greater than grade 2. The maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 was an AUC of 5 and 80 mg/m(2) for @entity1311 . Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a marginal statistical difference with regard to reduced systemic @entity1311 concentration after cycle 2 compared with cycle 1 (P= 0.06). Of nine @entity1 evaluable for a radiographic response, the response rate was 66.6% with a complete response of 33.3%. All five @entity1 with nonmeasurable disease achieved a biochemical response. The combination of @entity3003 given every 3 weeks at an AUC of 5 and 1-h weekly @entity1311 at 80 mg/m(2) is a feasible and reasonably well-tolerated regimen and may have significant antitumor activity in relapsed @entity43 @entity1 .

title: A phase I study evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a simple technique for concurrent procedure of @entity2267 and meatoplasty after canal wall down mastoidectomy, and to assess the efficacy and the surgical results of this technique. METHODS: Retrospective clinical study of a consecutive series of procedures from 2004 to 2008. One hundred thirteen @entity1 undergone canal wall down mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty and concurrent procedure of @entity2267 and meatoplasty that uses an anteriorly based musculoperiosteal flap and a horizontal skin incision on the concha were included. Preoperative diagnoses were classified into @entity3540 , @entity2346 media, and @entity102 media. The mean duration of follow-up was 38 months, with a range of 12-75 months. We analyzed control of suppuration and creation of a dry @entity2267 according to the Merchant's grading system for evaluation of the efficacy of this technique, and hearing outcome. We evaluated @entity260 including development of recurrent or residual @entity3540 and duration of the @entity2267 achieving a complete healing. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 had @entity3540 , whereas 27 @entity1 had @entity2346 media and 14 @entity1 had @entity102 media. Eighty-three percent of all @entity1 , in 86% of @entity1 with @entity3540 , in 78% of @entity1 with @entity2346 media, and in 78% of @entity1 with @entity102 media were achieved a dry and self-cleaning mastoid and complete control of @entity281 . Duration of the @entity2267 achieving a dry and self-cleaning mastoid ranged from 4 weeks to 24 weeks and the mean time of the complete epithelialization was 11.1  4.6 weeks. The average ABGs were 32.4  13.8dB preoperatively and 23  13.2dB postoperatively. There were 5 @entity1 with failure of control of @entity281 postoperatively and 3 @entity1 of recidivistic @entity3540 . CONCLUSION: The efficacy of our technique to make a dry and healthy @entity2267 after a canal wall down mastoidectomy is satisfactory, and the rate of complication is acceptably low. We believe that our technique could be a convenient method to prevent cavity problems after canal wall down mastoidectomy.

title: A technique for concurrent procedure of XXXX and meatoplasty after canal wall down mastoidectomy.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid cavity', 'mastoid obliteration']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive otitis']

answer: @entity2267 :: (MESH:D008417,Disease) :: ['mastoid obliteration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical polymorphism and the low yield bacteriological tests make the diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in @entity1 often difficult. THE AIM of this report is to specify hospital incidence of childhood @entity378 and to discuss problems in diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively cases of @entity378 enrolled at Medicine A Department in @entity1 's Hospital of Tunis during the last ten years (1998-2007). Diagnosis of @entity1906 was supported according to bacteriological or histological confirmation or regarding the association of epidemiological data ( @entity1906 contagium), clinical and radiological findings and favourable outcome with anti tuberculous drugs. RESULTS: thirty @entity1 had @entity378 . They were 18 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 . The main age at diagnosis was 8.6 years (3 months-14 years). All @entity1 were vaccinated with BCG. Thirteen @entity1 had definite familial history of @entity378 contact. Tuberculin-skin test was positive in 15 @entity1 . The diagnosis was supported within a mean period of 44 days (8, 240 days). @entity1907 occurred in five @entity1 and extra-pulmonary @entity378 in 25. Four @entity1 had more than two @entity378 localizations. Miliary and @entity1906 occurred in seven @entity1 . The rate of diagnosis confirmation was 40%. Clinical outcome improved in 29 children with anti @entity378 therapy while one @entity1 died with miliary @entity378 . Five @entity1 developed pleural, neurological or bone sequelaes and another @entity1 presented @entity792 , diffuse bronchectasis and @entity57 . CONCLUSION: @entity378 occurs in 0.91/year/1000 hospitalized @entity1 in our institution. Low diagnosis confirmation rate was observed with @entity1 and in pleural and primary @entity378 . Although all @entity1 received BCG vaccine, 23.3% of them developed a life-threatening form of @entity378 .

title: [ XXXX in childhood: clinical features and problems in diagnosis. Report of 30 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'TBC meningitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TBC', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune bicytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary TBC']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the type and incidence of @entity854 following TBI when compared to a group of healthy controls (HC) and report if these abnormalities were similar to those which are present during gait. RESEARCH DESIGN: A convenience sample of 44 @entity1 with @entity131 receiving therapy for mobility limitations and a sample of 15 healthy controls (HCs). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Spatio-temporal, kinematic and kinetic data at self-selected walking and running speeds were collected. @entity1 with @entity131 ran at significantly slower self-selected speeds than HCs. At matched running speeds, @entity1 with TBI used a higher cadence and shorter step length. The most commonly observed biomechanical abnormalities occurred at the knee during stance phase. Few trunk, pelvic or @entity572 were detected. Ankle power generation at push-off was significantly reduced, whereas hip extensor power generation at initial contact was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: Many @entity1 with @entity131 may actually be capable of running, despite the presence of significant biomechanical abnormalities during gait. A stable trunk may be an important requirement for @entity1 following TBI to achieve running.

title: XXXX after @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['running abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip abnormalities']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Running abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls a large number of systems affecting pathogenicity. Interrupting this communication system can provide nonvirulent pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential of an @entity41051 mixture isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens, a medicinal plant known as "cuachalalate", to prevent the onset of @entity2348 as an alternate to antibiotics. METHODS: Initially we investigated the anti-QS activity of A. adstringens @entity4315 extract (HE) by the inhibition of @entity15135 production in @entity15133 . From the active HE, an @entity36327 mixture (AAM) was obtained. The anti-quorum sensing activity of AAM was investigated by the rhamnolipid and @entity24206 production constraint as well as decrease of elastase activity, all being quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors expressed in the pathogenic bacteria @entity796 . RESULTS: HE induced a 91.6% of inhibition of the violecin production at 55  g/mL concentration, whereas AAM showed 94% of inhibition at 166  g/mL. In both cases, inhibition of @entity15135 production did not affect the viability of the bacterium. AAM inhibited @entity24206 (86% at 200  g/mL) and rhamnolipid (91% at 500  g/mL) production in a dose/response form and decrease the elastase (75% at 500  g/mL) activity in @entity796 without affecting its development. CONCLUSIONS: Because an anacardic acids mixture isolated from A. adstringens demonstrated anti-QS, it could be further exploited for novel molecules to treat the emerging infections of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.

title: Amphypterygium adstringens @entity36327 mixture inhibits quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of XXXX and @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity24206 :: ('MESH:D011710', 'Chemical') :: ['pyocyanin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity15135 :: ('MESH:C063155', 'Chemical') :: ['violacein']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']

entities_list: @entity41051 :: ('MESH:D048729', 'Chemical') :: ['anacardic acids']

entities_list: @entity36327 :: ('MESH:C088115', 'Chemical') :: ['anacardic acid']

answer: @entity15133 :: (536,Species) :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']


abstract: PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) is known to provide physical and mental health benefits to uterine @entity5 survivors. However, it is unknown if PA is associated with lower limb @entity4269 (LLL), an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lower limbs. Therefore, we sought to examine the association between PA and LLL in uterine @entity5 survivors, with a focus on walking. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using mailed surveys among uterine @entity5 survivors who received care at a university-based @entity5 center. We asked about PA, walking, and LLL symptoms using validated self-report questionnaires. PA was calculated using MET-hours per week, and walking was calculated using blocks per day. RESULTS: The response rate to our survey was 43%. Among the 213 uterine @entity5 survivors in our survey, 36% were classified as having LLL. Compared with @entity1 who reported <3 MET    h    wk of PA, @entity1 who reported >=  18.0 MET    h    wk of PA had an odds ratio of LLL of 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.69; P trend = 0.003). Stratified analyses suggested the association between PA and LLL existed only among @entity1 with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg    m (P trend = 0.007) compared with @entity1 with BMI >=  30 kg    m (P trend = 0.47). Compared with @entity1 who reported <4.0 blocks per day of walking, @entity1 who reported >=  12 blocks per day of walking had an odds ratio of LLL of 0.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.43; P trend < 0.0001). Stratified analyses suggested the association between walking and LLL was similar among @entity1 with BMI <30 kg    m (P trend = 0.007) and @entity1 with BMI >=  30 kg    m (P trend = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Participation in higher levels of PA or walking is associated with reduced proportions of LLL in dose-response fashion. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary and should be investigated in future studies.

title: Physical activity and lower limb @entity4269 among uterine XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']