abstract: Topic 2% @entity5491 solution has been proved to be effective for hair regrowth in 30-40% of male pattern @entity1665 in the United States and Europe. There was no report concerning topical @entity5491 in Chinese @entity1 , therefore, we selected 40 @entity1 to investigate the efficacy and safety from December 1988 to January 1989. Those selected @entity1 were consistent with male pattern @entity1665 without @entity262 , and had never used topical hair regrowth agents. @entity1 applied topical medication 1 ml twice daily and were examined at 1 month intervals. Thirty two @entity1 completed 6 to 12 months (average 9.6 months) of the study, moderate hair growth was found in 22% while minimal growth in 59% of the studied @entity1 . All @entity1 noted their shedding decrease after the application of drugs for 1 to 3 months. Scalp dryness and mild scaling appeared in 2 @entity1 , but were tolerable. Before and after the trial, all @entity1 had a chest roentgenogram, EKG, complete blood counts, urinalysis and blood chemistry studies, and no apparent abnormality was found. The efficacy of 2% @entity5491 solution application in our study was less than that in the United States. which might be because some @entity1 did not follow the application order regularly and a more strict evaluation standard was adopted in our series. However, the safety of no systemic adverse effect and the potential of inhibiting progressive shedding of hair were valuable as a topical drug.

title: Safety and efficacy of 2% topical @entity5491 in the management of male pattern XXXX in Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['baldness']


abstract: @entity3102 , an antifungal agent, inhibits in vitro C17-C20 lyase, an enzyme involved in @entity342 biosynthesis. Since adrenal and ovarian @entity3800 are the main precursors of @entity2931 in postmenopausal @entity1 , the endocrine and therapeutic effects of high dose @entity3102 (400 mg three times a day) were evaluated in 14 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity251 levels were suppressed significantly (37%, P less than 0.025), as was @entity2990 , and @entity2671 levels showed a similar but non-significant fall. Seventeen @entity35829 levels rose significantly, as would be expected if C17-C20 lyase was inhibited. There was no suppression of @entity701 or @entity7042 levels. There was a small suppression of @entity53 concentrations, reflecting a decrease in its precursor, @entity251 . @entity443 levels rose, which may be due to a decrease in @entity251 . All the changes are compatible with C17-C20 lyase as a major site of action in vivo. No responses occurred in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity3102 alone, but in 2 @entity1 who were progressing on @entity6239 , @entity251 levels were suppressed and in one @entity1 a partial response occurred. @entity3102 was poorly tolerated due to @entity344 . This study shows that C17-C20 lyase is a potential target for hormone therapy, and that sequential blockade of enzymes involved in @entity2931 biosynthesis should be further evaluated.

title: High dose @entity3102 : endocrine and therapeutic effects in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity35829 :: ('CHEBI:17252', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['Sex hormone binding globulin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) is a known complication of prolonged intubation in neonates and @entity1 and can lead to failed extubation. @entity130 is a spectrum that includes @entity4 , @entity1066 , granulation perichondritis, and mature scar formation. Although medical management aimed at treating @entity4 and extraesophageal reflux is successful in treating a majority of @entity1 , some require surgical intervention to successfully achieve extubation. The surgical options for these @entity1 include tracheostomy, open anterior cricoid split (ACS), and laryngotracheal reconstruction with cartilage grafting. Open ACS is performed through an external incision requiring placement of a drain for a few days. Extubation success rates in the 70% to 80% range have been widely reported. In this article we describe an endoscopic technique for ACS, in which after an endoscopic airway assessment confirms isolated @entity130 , the cricoid cartilage is divided transluminally with cold steel. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is then performed with an appropriately sized angiography balloon. We describe preliminary results in which two of three @entity1 were successfully extubated after endoscopic ACS with @entity384 . We believe that this novel technique is a promising alternative to open ACS with similar indications. In addition to the avoidance of a skin incision, endoscopic ACS with @entity384 may enable extubation with comparably shorter lengths of postprocedure intubation than open ACS. Larger series will be required to further establish outcomes of this procedure, including success and complication rates.

title: Endoscopic anterior cricoid split with @entity384 in XXXX with failed extubation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'Balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Subglottic injury', 'SGI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant minority of @entity1 with @entity1030 have favourable response to corticosteroid treatment. In addition, the benefit of corticosteroid treatment may be outweighed by the side-effects. Long-term administration of inhaled @entity230 is a safe means of treatment. However, only a few studies have addressed the role of inhaled @entity230 in @entity1 with @entity1030 , with conflicting results. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with stable @entity1030 were defined as 'responders to bronchodilators' (increase in FEV1 > or = 20% following administration of @entity2263 -agonist) (group A), and 124 as 'non-responders to bronchodilators' (group B). All @entity1 were randomized to receive a 6-week course of either a daily dose of 800 micrograms of inhaled @entity4184 or placebo, separated by 4 weeks when no medication was taken; were randomized again to receive a 6-week course of either 1600 micrograms day-1 of inhaled @entity4184 , or 800 micrograms day-1 of inhaled @entity4184 plus placebo; and were randomized once again to receive a 6-week course of either 40 mg day-1 of @entity229 or placebo. All stages were performed in a double-blind cross-over design. RESULTS: Following administration of 800 micrograms day-1 of inhaled @entity4184 , there was an increase in the mean FEV1 from 1.40 +/- 0.20 to 1.92 +/- 0.22 L (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in inhaled @entity2263 agonist consumption in group A. These changes remained almost stable during the increased dose of inhaled @entity4184 or during @entity229 treatment. The mean FEV1 did not change during the placebo period, or in group B in either treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with inhaled @entity230 improved spirometry data and inhaled @entity2263 -agonist consumption in about one-quarter of @entity1 with stable @entity1030 , and this rate increased to about three-quarters in @entity1 who responded to @entity2263 -agonist inhalation. There was no additional benefit in using a higher dose of inhaled @entity4184 or @entity229 .

title: The response to inhaled and oral XXXX in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of a microelectronic real-time cell analyzer system (RTCA) we developed a complement-mediated antibody cytotoxicity assay to investigate the compatibility of a graft and a recipient in @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 xenotransplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from the skin of five @entity9819 , @entity1009 , and @entity806 transgenic @entity1707 (TP) were cultured in 96 microelectronic well plates for 17 hours. Then, we added to each microwell 20  L of normal sera from nine healthy adult @entity3474 ( @entity3474 )-three males and six females. The evolution of the cell culture was assessed every 3 minutes during the pretreatment period, at 11 hours postaddition, and every 30 minutes from 12 to 96 hours. Simultaneously, we performed a @entity98 ( @entity98 ) assay. Fibroblasts from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity1707 were used as positive controls and microwells without serum addition from each TP as negative controls. The RTCA results were expressed as a normalized cellular index (NCI). RESULTS: Differences were observed between the five TP fibroblasts and the @entity164 fibroblasts, with greater cytotoxicity on @entity164 cells. Among TP, a higher cytolytic level was observed in males than females. The @entity98 results correlated with NCI at different times, with the minimum NCI and with the time to for NCI recovery before serum addition. The correlation was lower than that previously reported in environmental @entity137 assays. CONCLUSIONS: RTCA allows a long-term assessment of the immunocytotoxic effect of @entity3474 sera on @entity1707 cells, providing a suitable tool to perform compatibility tests for xenotransplantation.

title: Validation of xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer to assess compatibility in xenotransplantation with @entity1707 -to- XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['olive baboons', 'baboon', 'Papio anubis']

entities_list: @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT', '3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: An accurate method of estimating acute @entity190 is essential in the evaluation of injured @entity1 . Central venous @entity26 (CVO2) saturation has been shown to be a sensitive and reliable correlate of @entity190 in an animal model but its clinical validity is unproven. We evaluated 26 consecutive @entity1 with an injury mechanism suggesting @entity190 but who were deemed stable after initial evaluation. Vital signs (pulse, blood pressure, pulse pressure, urine output, CVP) and CVO2 saturation were serially measured. @entity190 was estimated by direct intracavitary collection or serial hematocrits and acute transfusion requirements. Despite stable vital signs, ten @entity1 (39%) had CVO2 saturations under 65%. These @entity1 had more serious injuries, significantly larger estimated blood losses, and required more transfusions than those @entity1 with CVO2 saturation greater than 65%. Linear regression analysis demonstrated the superiority of CVO2 saturation to predict @entity190 with a p value less than 0.005 relative to any of the normally followed parameters. CVO2 saturation is a reliable and sensitive method for detecting @entity190 . It is a useful tool in the evaluation of acutely injured @entity1 .

title: Central venous XXXX saturation: a useful clinical tool in trauma @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early events leading to intrauterine infection and @entity651 remain poorly defined, but may hold the key to preventing neonatal and adult @entity1030 . Our objective was to establish a nonhuman primate model of an early stage of @entity5870 in order to determine the time course and mechanisms of @entity651 in utero. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ten chronically catheterized pregnant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) at 118-125 days gestation (term=172 days) received one of two treatments: 1) choriodecidual and intra-amniotic saline (n=5), or 2) choriodecidual inoculation of @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) 1*10(6) colony forming units (n=5). Cesarean section was performed regardless of labor 4 days after @entity1892 or 7 days after saline infusion to collect fetal and placental tissues. Only two @entity1892 animals developed @entity2143 with no cervical change in the remaining animals. Despite uterine quiescence in most cases, blinded review found histopathological evidence of @entity651 in four @entity1892 animals characterized by intra-alveolar neutrophils and interstitial thickening, which was absent in controls. Significant elevations of cytokines in amniotic fluid ( @entity310 , @entity687 , @entity1356 , @entity650 ) and fetal plasma ( @entity687 ) were detected in @entity1892 animals and correlated with @entity651 (p<0.05). @entity651 was not directly caused by @entity1892 , because @entity1892 was undetectable in amniotic fluid (~10 samples tested/animal), maternal and fetal blood by culture and polymerase chain reaction. In only two cases was @entity1892 cultured from the inoculation site in low numbers. @entity5870 occurred in two @entity1892 animals with @entity651 , but two others with @entity651 had normal placental histology. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A transient choriodecidual infection can induce cytokine production, which is associated with @entity651 without overt infection of amniotic fluid, @entity5870 or @entity3152 . @entity651 may, thus, occur silently without symptoms and before the onset of the fetal @entity1850 .

title: Choriodecidual group B streptococcal inoculation induces XXXX without intra-amniotic infection and @entity3152 in Macaca nemestrina.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Chorioamnionitis', 'chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'Fetal lung injury', 'lung injury', 'fetal lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['early labor']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['fetal lung injury']


abstract: The subject of @entity1372 @entity137 has been controversial for a long time. There is no question that the element can be noxious when consumed acutely in large quantities and there is little doubt as to cause and effect Conversely the consequences of mederate chronic @entity1372 consumption are much harder to document. The effects are insidious and are subject to modification by a variety of environmental influences such as dietary @entity972 . In addition most studies of chronic @entity1372 excess have dealt with elusive subject of "essential" @entity101 . Interpretations of data have been very difficult, and conflicting reports have occurred. Nevertheless epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies show that chronic excess @entity1372 ingestion acting upon a substrate of genetic susceptibility, is an important etiologic factor in essential @entity101 and the expression of its sequelae. Positive correlations have also have been obtained between dietary salt and the incidence of @entity64 and @entity356 . Dietary @entity972 appears to confer some degree of protection from the toxic properties of @entity1372 through some unknown mechanism. Available evidence indicates that a suitable intake of salt for @entity1 might be approximately 3.5 g/day and probably less. Salt consumption in most developed countries ranges between 8 to 40 g/day, and modern methods of food processing and preparation deplete the protective @entity972 . The incidences of @entity101 in these countries range between 15 to 40% of their populations, and it exacts a dreadful toll. Recognition of the toxic properties of @entity1372 and knowledge of the mechanisms involved in its @entity137 offer great possibilities in the area of preventive medicine It may be possible by the sorting out of @entity101 -prone subjects and dietary intervention to prevent or minimize the development of @entity101 in susceptible individuals. This says nothing of other aspects of @entity1372 @entity137 , of which we are largely ignorant.

title: The XXXX of salt.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: 1. The responses of spinothalamic tract cells in the lumbosacral spinal cords of anesthetized monkeys were examined following electrical stimulation of the sural nerve or the application of noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli to the skin on the lateral aspect of the foot. 2. The spinothalamic tract neurons were classified as wide dynamic range (WDR), @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), or low-threshold (LT) cells on the basis of their responses to mechanical stimuli. 3. All of the WDR and @entity2101 spinothalamic tract cells tested responded to volleys in A- and C-fibers. However, strong @entity7183 responses were more common in @entity2101 than in WDR cells. 4. The responses atributed to C-fibers were graded with the size of the @entity7183 volley. The latencies of the responses attributed to C-fibers indicated that the fastest afferents involved had a mean conduction velocity of 0.9 m/s. The responses remained after anodal blockade of conduction in A-fibers. 5. Temporal summation of the responses of spinothalamic tract cells was demonstrated both to brief trains of stimuli at 33 Hz and to single stimuli repeated at 1- to 2-s intervals. The latter phenomenon is often called "windup." 6. The responses of several spinothalamic tract cells to noxious heat pulses could still be elicited during anodal blockade of conduction in A-fibers. Similarly, it was possible to demonstrate an excitatory action of noxious mechanical stimuli despite interference with conduction in A-fibers by anodal current. 7. The cells investigated were located either in the marginal zone or in the layers of the dorsal horn equivalent to Rexed's laminae IV-VI in the cat. The cells were generally activated antidromically from the caudal part of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus.

title: Excitation of primate spinothalamic neurons by cutaneous XXXX volleys.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'high-threshold']

answer: @entity7183 :: (10185,Species) :: ['C-fiber']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An abduction deficit can have many potential etiologies. Clinical testing can help distinguish a neurogenic from a restrictive process. For any @entity1 with a current or past history of @entity5 , even in the setting of vasculopathic risk factors, a further workup is necessary to rule out a metastatic process. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old @entity1 reported @entity227 but did not describe a definite @entity892 . Clinical evaluation found @entity2896 . Although he did have vasculopathic risk factors, neuroimaging found @entity263 @entity3 to the mid to left clivus, extending to the left cavernous sinus region as well as a smaller @entity3 to the left temporal lobe. The @entity1 underwent radiation treatment with improvement in his clinical presentation and symptoms. His @entity263 was subsequently treated more aggressively, and 2 years later, despite spinal metastases, he was doing relatively well. CONCLUSION: @entity263 commonly metastasizes, with a high propensity to invade bone. CN VI runs along the midline-structured bony clivus, between the pons and the cavernous sinuses. Therefore, a metastatic lesion to the clivus can be responsible for unilateral or bilateral CN VI palsy. In @entity1 , a common primary site of @entity5 @entity3 to the clivus is the prostate. Eye doctors must look closely for evidence of even @entity51 in all @entity1 with a history of @entity263 . Early detection can lead to improved medical treatment and extended life expectancy.

title: XXXX @entity3 to clivus causing @entity2896 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['sudden blurry vision']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abduction deficits']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['left cranial nerve (CN) VI palsy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity455 are the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality today. Among them @entity2806 caused mostly by @entity4522 makes almost 80%. The main risk factors for this disease are arterial @entity101 , dislipoproteinemia and @entity6 but, recently hemostatic system disorders have also been underlined, especially @entity74 . PHYSIOLOGY OFFIBRINOLYSIS: The primary role of fibrinolytic system is to make blood vessels passable by prevention of thromb forming or by removing the existing ones. This role is enabled by constant dynamic balance between activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis. The leading activators are @entity3479 ) and @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and the most important inhibitors are 2-antiplasmin, @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity557 ( @entity557 ). FIBRINOLYSIS AND THROMBOSIS: In @entity1 with @entity731 there is clear insufficiency of fibrinolysis caused mainly by the increased activity of fibrinolytic inhibitors. There is evidence that the level of @entity2289 connected to fibrin directly affects thromb resistance to fibrinolysis and that velocity of thromb lysis in vitro predominantly depends on @entity557 concentration. Factor XIII also has influence on thromb structure and stability and @entity3452 lipoprotein is one more factor that is responsible for resistence of thromb to fibrinolysis. FIBRINOLYSIS IN ISCHEMIC BRAIN DISEASE: Reduced fibrinolytic capacity is noticed in @entity1 with @entity2806 resulting from the increased @entity2289 activity. Higher risk for @entity2806 is veryfied among @entity1 with 4G/4G @entity2289 genotype. Raised level of @entity3479 anti-gene can also induce reduction of endogenous fibrinolysis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion we want to underline that a possible pathophysiological significance of fibrinolytic system is assumed in a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity2806 . Because of that we need further investigations to establish precise role of fibrinolytic mechanisms in genesis of this disease.

title: [Influence of fibrinolitic potential reduction in XXXX development].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular brain disease']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain disease']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['TAFI', 'thrombin activated fibrinolytic inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinolytic disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic brain disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of common @entity146 and associated treatment-seeking, stratified by gender, among American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Lifetime and 12-month rates are estimated, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic correlates. METHOD: Analyses were conducted with the American Indians/Alaska Native (n  =  701) and Non-Hispanic white (n  =  24,507) samples in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity285 and Related Conditions [(NESARC) n  =  43,093]. RESULTS: Overall, 70  % of the American Indian/Alaska Native @entity1 and 63  % of the @entity1 met criteria for at least one Diagnostic and Statistical @entity74 , compared to 62 and 53  % of Non-Hispanic white @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic correlates attenuated the differences found. Nearly half of American Indians/Alaska Natives had a @entity146 in the previous year; again, sociodemographic adjustments explained some of the differences found. Overall, the comparisons to non-Hispanic whites showed differences were more common among American Indian/Alaska Native @entity1 than @entity1 . Among those with a disorder, American Indian/Alaska Native @entity1 had greater odds of treatment-seeking for 12-month @entity148 . CONCLUSION: As the first study to provide national estimates, by gender, of the prevalence and treatment of a broad range of @entity146 among American Indians/Alaska Natives, a pattern of higher prevalence of @entity146 was found relative to @entity62 . Such differences were more common among @entity1 than @entity1 . Prevalence may be overestimated due to cultural limitations in measurement. Unmeasured risk factors, some specific to American Indians/Alaska Natives, may also partially explain these results.

title: @entity146 and mental health treatment in American Indians and Alaska Natives: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on XXXX and Related Conditions.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Manual-IV lifetime disorder']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Hispanic whites']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely prediction of @entity64 outcomes is important for proper personalized treatment. In the present study, we aimed to develop cocktail blood biomarkers to increase prediction efficiency using a combination of hemostasis, inflammatory and repair-related biomarkers. METHODS: 105 @entity1 suffering from acute @entity385 were divided into good outcome group and poor outcome group by @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). Cytokines including @entity11603 , @entity379 , @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity4155 and @entity310 , as well as hemostasis markers fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 in plasma were examined by ELISA. Repair-related biomarker @entity10018 ( @entity10018 ) was measured by real-time PCR. The prediction efficiency was explored by receiver operator characteristic analysis. RESULTS: We demonstrated that FDP, @entity650 and @entity10018 levels were closely associated with @entity2653 in @entity64 @entity1 . The prediction sensitivity of FDP, @entity650 and @entity10018 for @entity64 outcome was 72.0, 86.7 and 82.5%, respectively. Using a combination of biomarkers including FDP, @entity650 and @entity10018 , the prognostic sensitivity of @entity385 increased to 95.2%. CONCLUSION: The combination of FDP, @entity650 and @entity10018 has a high sensitivity for predicting @entity64 recovery, it serves as a potential cocktail blood biomarker. It provides a novel approach for @entity64 prognosis.

title: Cocktail blood biomarkers: prediction of clinical outcomes in XXXX with acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Unilateral carotid ligation in immature @entity35 , followed by 2 h of @entity519 led to ischemic cell change from 2 h after the insult, on the ligated side of the brain. There was a time-dependent induction of immunoreactive @entity5019 protein in neurones but not glia or ependyma on the non-ligated side of the brain. Induction only occurred in @entity35 that had @entity410 post @entity519 - @entity63 . In the ligated hemisphere @entity5019 protein was induced in glial-like cells in the corpus callosum, fornix/fimbria and internal capsule and in ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricle starting from 2 h after @entity519 but subsiding by 3 days. No neuronal @entity5019 induction was seen in areas showing @entity528 . @entity3390 or @entity2049 , which prevented @entity519 - @entity63 -induced @entity410 , also prevented @entity5019 induction in the non-ligated hemisphere while @entity3390 was associated with increased @entity5019 induction in hippocampal neurones from the ligated side, as well as in glial-like and ependymal cells. These results suggest several processes are involved following the @entity63 . Firstly, severe @entity519 - @entity63 is associated with a reduction in neuronal @entity5019 protein levels, probably as a result of @entity528 and @entity204 . Secondly, post @entity519 @entity410 cause @entity5019 induction in surviving neurones. Thirdly, glial-like from regions in which there is neural loss also exhibit induction of @entity5019 , which may be important for their subsequent proliferation or for the production of growth factors.

title: Effects of @entity519 - @entity63 and XXXX on neuronal and glial-like c-fos protein levels in the infant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic insult', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal failure', 'neuronal damage']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity699 ( @entity699 ) in prepubertal @entity1 is very rare and presents important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report experience of the management of this subpopulation of @entity699 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective @entity1 case note review. RESULTS: Between 1985 and 2008, 17 prepubertal @entity1 (13M, 4F), aged 5.7-14.1 years presented to our centre for diagnosis and management of @entity699 . All @entity1 had subnormal linear growth and excessive @entity1017 at presentation. A high proportion (85% of males, 75% of females) had evidence of excessive virilisation. Striae and @entity101 were seen in 41% of @entity1 . The investigation with highest sensitivity (100%) for @entity699 was excessive increase of serum @entity701 to i.v. @entity6192 (mean increase 113%). Pituitary imaging performed in all the @entity1 showed poor concordance with findings at surgery (31%). In contrast bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BSIPSS), performed in 11/16 subjects showed a high correlation with surgical findings (91%). In 16 @entity1 , @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) achieved a cure rate of 44%. However, in the 11 @entity1 who had pre-operative BSIPSS, the cure rate was 64%. Of the 16 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 who were not cured by @entity2798 received external pituitary radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Prepubertal @entity699 had distinctive features with increased frequency in males, abnormal auxology and excessive virilisation. The @entity701 response to i.v. @entity6192 administration was particularly exuberant and contributed to diagnosis. BSIPSS was much more helpful than pituitary imaging in localisation of the microadenoma and was associated with improved cure rate by @entity2798 .

title: Diagnosis, management and therapeutic outcome in prepubertal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: @entity32 and immune activation in the gut are usually accompanied by alteration of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. In infection, changes in motor function have been linked to host defense by enhancing the expulsion of the infectious agents. In this review, we describe the evidence for @entity32 and immune activation in @entity344 , @entity29 , @entity2616 , @entity1318 , @entity5202 , @entity3178 , @entity1593 , @entity344 . We also describe the possible mechanisms by which @entity32 and immune activation in the gut affect GI motility. @entity344 is a broad spectrum disturbance of GI physiology. Although several systems including central nerves, enteric nerves, interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscles contribute to a coordinated regulation of GI motility, smooth muscle probably plays the most important role. Thus, we focus on the relationship between activation of cytokines induced by adaptive immune response and alteration of GI smooth muscle contractility. Accumulated evidence has shown that @entity1198 and Th2 cytokines cause hypocontractility and hypercontractility of inflamed intestinal smooth muscle. @entity1198 cytokines downregulate @entity30265 and L-type @entity141 channels and upregulate regulators of G protein signaling 4, which contributes to hypocontractility of inflamed intestinal smooth muscle. Conversely, Th2 cytokines cause hypercontractilty via signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. @entity1198 and Th2 cytokines have opposing effects on intestinal smooth muscle contraction via @entity750 signaling. Understanding the immunological basis of altered GI motor function could lead to new therapeutic strategies for GI functional and inflammatory disorders.

title: Cytokine-induced alterations of @entity344 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['pseudo-obstruction and functional GI disorders', 'GI infection', 'GI motility disorder']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present ocular fundus images in a @entity1 with @entity14782 by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. A 34-year-old Japanese @entity1 whose parents were consanguineous showed mismatched electroretinographic responses to photopically balanced single-flash stimuli, with a larger signal to blue light than to red light. The central macula lacked a foveal reflex, and the surface was dull. Yellowish flecks and retinal pigment epithelium @entity194 were evident in a ring at and around the vascular arcades. Faint black pigmentation was deposited in the mid peripheral retina. METHODS: The ocular fundus of the @entity1 was observed by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with the use of an @entity3503 blue laser (wavelength, 488 nm), a helium-neon laser (633 nm), and an infrared laser (780 nm). RESULTS: The @entity3503 blue laser showed numerous black spots of pigment, which were observed as faint pigmentation by conventional ophthalmoscopy. The spots were more enhanced with the @entity3503 blue laser than with the helium-neon laser. The @entity1547 , which corresponded to the yellowish flecks in a ring at and around the vascular arcades, were more enhanced with the helium-neon laser than with the @entity3503 blue or infrared laser. @entity4182 of the retinal pigment epithelium was best shown with the infrared laser. CONCLUSION: An abnormality of the retinal structure in @entity14782 may exist in the inner and outer retinal levels, in at least some @entity1 .

title: Ocular fundus images by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['Hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhanced S-cone syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['white spots']

answer: @entity14782 :: (MESH:C564835,Disease) :: ['enhanced S-cone syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of statin-induced high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) changes is not well known. We investigated whether @entity8671 -induced HDL-C changes can influence the anti-oxidative action of high-density lipoprotein particle. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 240 @entity1 with stable @entity741 were studied. Anti-oxidative property was assessed by @entity533 ( @entity533 ) activity. We compared the lipid profile and @entity533 activity at baseline and at 8 weeks after @entity8671 10 mg treatment. RESULTS: @entity8671 treatment increased the mean HDL-C concentration by 1.9  9.2 mg/dL (6.4  21.4%). HDL-C increased in 138 @entity1 (57.5%), but decreased in 102 @entity1 (42.5%) after statin treatment. @entity533 activity increased to 19.1% in all @entity1 . In both, the @entity1 with increased HDL-C and with decreased HDL-C, @entity533 activity significantly increased after @entity8671 treatment (+19.3% in increased HDL-C responder; p=0.018, +18.8% in decreased HDL-C responder; p=0.045 by paired t-test). Baseline @entity533 activity modestly correlated with HDL-C levels (r=0.248, p=0.009); however, the @entity533 activity evaluated during the course of the treatment did not correlate with HDL-C levels (r=0.153, p=0.075). CONCLUSION: @entity8671 treatment improved the anti-oxidative properties as assessed by @entity533 activity, regardless of on-treatment HDL-C levels, in @entity1 with stable @entity741 .

title: Antioxidative Activity after XXXX Treatment in @entity1 with Stable @entity741 and Decreased High Density Lipoprotein @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['Rosuvastatin']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 with no significant medical history was sent to our consultation due to hypokalaemia (<3.0 mmol/l). Her main complaints were longstanding @entity2011 and @entity2183 . Physical examination was normal. Basic investigations showed normal renal function, low serum @entity972 (2.7 mmol/l) and @entity1760 (0.79 mmol/l), @entity5838 (pH 7.54; @entity3157 32.5 mmol/l), elevated urinary @entity972 (185 mmol/24 h) and normal urinary @entity460 (246 mg/24 h). @entity6662 test revealed blunted response. @entity391 and the abuse of diuretics were excluded. Genetic tests for @entity19382 gene mutation described in @entity4861 ( @entity4861 ) came negative. @entity29265 gene mutation analysis present in both @entity4861 and Bartter (BS) type 3 syndromes was positive. The @entity1 is now being treated with @entity972 and @entity1760 oral supplements, @entity3372 and @entity1482 with stable near-normal @entity972 and @entity1760 levels. This article presents the case of a @entity1 with hypokalaemia caused by @entity29265 gene mutation hard to categorise as @entity4861 or BS type 3.

title: Gitelman or Bartter type 3 syndrome? A case of distal convoluted tubulopathy caused by XXXX gene mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Gitelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity29265 :: (1188,Gene) :: ['CLCNKB']


abstract: Determine feasibility and @entity137 of preoperative short course pelvic @entity1161 (25 Gy in 15 fractions over 5 days) for treatment of clinically resectable primary @entity5 . Between 1998 and 2004, 20 @entity1 with clinically staged T3 resectable @entity189 were treated in this prospective pilot study with preoperative short course @entity1161 to their pelvis. The aim was for total mesorectal excision within 7 days. @entity137 , surgical morbidity, locoregional control (LRC), overall (OS), cause specific (CSS) and disease free survival (DFS) outcomes were documented. Nineteen of the 20 @entity1 completed planned radiotherapy. One discontinued radiotherapy due to @entity137 . All @entity1 underwent potentially curative radical surgery. One @entity1 developed grade 3, and three @entity1 grade 2 @entity344 . With a median follow-up of 31 months (range 0.9-88), there is no grade 3, 4 or 5 late @entity137 . Two @entity1 experienced grade 2, and three @entity1 grade 1 late bowel @entity137 . Two @entity1 died from @entity260 , and two developed grade 2 abdominal wound infections. At 3 years LRC is 95% (95% CI 83-100), OS 72% (95% CI 51-94), CSS 86% (95% CI 68-100) and DFS 80% (95% CI 60-100). Two @entity1 died from @entity3 , one @entity1 from a second primary and one @entity1 is alive after successful resection of hepatic metastases. This small study suggests preoperative short course @entity1161 for clinically resectable @entity189 is feasible with acceptable compliance and tolerable side effects.

title: Short course XXXX ( @entity1161 ) as preoperative treatment for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Radiation toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiation therapy']


abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) may hold potential as a novel form of immunotherapy for high-risk @entity521 . DLI, however, carries the risk of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Recipient leukocyte infusion (RLI) induces graft-versus- @entity1778 responses without @entity2132 in @entity19 and is currently being explored clinically. Here, we demonstrate that both DLI and RLI, when given to mixed C57BL/6 > A/J radiation chimeras carrying subcutaneous @entity521 implants, can slow the local growth of such @entity5 . DLI provoked full donor chimerism and @entity2132 ; RLI produced graft rejection but left @entity19 healthy. Flow cytometric studies showed that the chimerism of intratumoral leukocytes paralleled the systemic chimerism. This was associated with increased CD8/ @entity1961 ratios, CD8+ T-cell IFN-y expression and NK-cell @entity9298 expression within the @entity5 , following both DLI and RLI. The clinically safe anti- @entity5 effect of RLI was further enhanced by adoptively transferred na  ve recipient-type NK cells. In models of intravenous Neuro2A @entity5 challenge, allogeneic chimeras showed superior overall survival over syngeneic chimeras. Bioluminescence imaging in allogeneic chimeras challenged with luciferase-transduced Neuro2A cells showed both DLI and RLI to prolong metastasis-free survival. This is the first experimental evidence that RLI can safely produce a local and systemic anti- @entity5 effect against a solid @entity5 . Our data indicate that RLI may provide combined T-cell and NK-cell reactivity effectively targeting @entity521 .

title: Recipient leukocyte infusion enhances the local and systemic graft-versus- @entity521 effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuro2A neuroblastoma', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, @entity1119 ( @entity1119 ) is treated with antiperspirant agents, botulinum toxin, or local surgery. The effect of laser treatment on sweat secretion in @entity1 with @entity1119 has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of diode laser epilation on the sweat rate of @entity1 with @entity1119 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a randomized half-side controlled trial. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated with 5 cycles of an 800-nm diode laser. Sweat rates were documented using gravimetry and a visual analogue scale. Histologic examination was performed in all @entity1 before and after treatment. RESULTS: A significant reduction in sweat rate was observed on the laser-treated (median 89  mg/min, range 42-208  mg/min vs 48  mg/min, range 17-119  mg/min; p  <  .001) and the untreated contralateral (median 78  mg/min, range 25-220  mg/min vs median 65  mg/min, range 24-399  mg/min; p  =  .04) sides, although no significant difference was found between the treated and untreated sides (p  =  .10). CONCLUSION: Although we observed a significant decrease in sweat rate on laser-treated sites, laser epilation was not able to reduce the sweat rate significantly more than on the untreated contralateral side. These results probably indicate a placebo effect rather than a direct therapeutic effect of laser epilation.

title: Effects of a long-pulsed 800-nm diode laser on XXXX : a randomized controlled half-side comparison study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['axillary hyperhidrosis', 'AH']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['axillary hyperhidrosis']


abstract: 1. The acute cardiovascular effects of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, @entity23189 and @entity1338 , were studied in 15-week-old male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). The effects of these drugs were compared with intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in conscious and @entity4485 -anaesthetized SHRs, in which aortic blood pressure (BP) was continuously recorded. 2. In conscious SHRs, i.v. doses of either @entity23189 (30, 100, 300 micrograms kg-1) or @entity1338 (3, 10, 30 micrograms kg-1) induced dose-dependent short-lasting increases in BP followed by moderate decreases associated with @entity1168 , while the same three doses of both drugs given i.c.v. were devoid of BP and heart rate (HR) effects. 3. @entity4485 -anaesthesia increased the sympathetic control of BP and suppressed the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. 4. In anaesthetized SHRs, i.v. injections of the same 3 doses of @entity23189 and @entity1338 induced a slight increase in BP, rapidly followed by profound and long-lasting BP and HR decreases. Surprisingly, when given i.c.v., these 3 doses lowered BP and HR to the same extent but in a more progressive manner. 5. The lack of efficacy of both drugs in conscious SHRs after the i.c.v. administration of i.v. active doses and the lack of more marked and rapid effects in anaesthetized SHRs, after i.c.v. than after i.v. injections, question the involvement of a major central site of action for these antihypertensive alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists. Moreover, these results show that the cardiovascular effects of these drugs are profoundly influenced by baseline sympathetic nervous system activity which is enhanced by @entity4485 -anaesthesia.

title: Influence of anaesthesia on the cardiovascular effects of XXXX and @entity1338 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentobarbitone', 'pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity23189 :: (MESH:C032302,Chemical) :: ['rilmenidine']


abstract: Traditionally, male @entity1707 are surgically castrated without anaesthesia to avoid later occurrence of the sex odour of @entity29562 in the carcass. Active immunization against @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) is a painless alternative which inhibits LH and thus steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. In a preceding study we clarified the return of Leydig cell function after the last dose of antigen by measuring hormones, and found a considerable variation (10 to 24 weeks) till return of their function ( @entity251 0.5 ng/ml blood plasma). The present paper analyses histological data on testes characteristics of the same six boars at an age of 52 weeks (26 weeks after last immunization). Data were compared to another four boars which were not immunized but slaughtered at the same age. Testis weight was related to the concentration of @entity251 in blood. In boars, that first returned to testicular function, testis weight even exceeded those in controls probably due to rebound phenomena. Differences in testis weight were mainly due to differences of Leydig cell content of cytoplasm, and less to the size of nuclei. Additionally, the height of seminiferous epithelium was slightly dependent on @entity251 concentrations and contributed moderately to differences in testis weight. Altogether, normalization of testicular function, even after return to steroidogenesis, requires another 13 weeks.

title: Return of testicular function after vaccination of boars against XXXX : consequences on testes histology.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity29562 :: ('CHEBI:37894', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenone']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: In order to establish the possible gender influence on the activity of @entity6963 (LEF) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ), we evaluated the proapoptotic activity of the active LEF metabolite A77 1726 (LEF-M), in combination with sex hormones, on cultures of @entity1 macrophages. In particular, we focussed our investigation on the triggering phase of the apoptosis. Cultures of macrophages from activated THP-1 cells and from @entity309 synovial tissues were treated with LEF-M alone [30muM] or in presence of @entity53 (E2) (10(-9)M) or @entity251 (T) (10-(8)M) for 24 hours. FAS, @entity12 , FADD ( @entity23903 ) and @entity8186 ( @entity8186 ) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC), Western blot (WB) and reverse transcriptase-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT-MPCR). Regarding macrophages from THP-1 cells (M), the ICC showed that LEF-M exerted a significant up-regulation on all investigated apoptotic proteins, when compared to untreated cells (control) (p<0.001). On the contrary, E2 significantly increased @entity12 positivity (p<0.05) and down-regulated FADD (p<0.01), while others apoptotic proteins were not modulated when compared to control. Regarding @entity309 synovial macrophages (SM), the ICC showed that LEF-M exerted a significant up-regulation on FAS and @entity12 when compared to control (p<0.001). On the contrary, E2 down-regulated significantly @entity12 (p<0.001), while FAS was not modulated respect to control. T significantly increased the apoptotic proteins in all conditions. The results of the present study suggests a less efficient therapeutic effect of LEF in female @entity1 , due to the contrasting action of @entity172 on LEF- induced apoptosis.

title: Sex hormones and XXXX treatment of @entity1 macrophage cultures: effects on apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity8186 :: ('841', 'Gene') :: ['FLICE', 'FADD-Like Interleukin-1 beta Converting Enzyme']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity23903 :: ('8772', 'Gene') :: ['Fas-Associated via Death Domain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several theories have been proposed to explain the cause of 'aging'; however, the factors that affect this complex process are still poorly understood. Of these theories, the accumulation of oxidative damage over time is among the most accepted. Particularly, the heart is one of the most affected organs by oxidative stress. The current study, therefore, aimed to investigate oxidative stress markers in myocardial tissue of @entity35 at different ages. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity35 were distributed into 6 groups of 12 animals each and maintained for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. After euthanasia, the heart was removed and the levels of non-protein @entity1433 , lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, as well as @entity224 dismutase and @entity12609 activities were determined. RESULTS: @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 activity and lipid peroxidation were reduced in the older groups of animals, when compared with the younger group. However, protein carbonylation showed an increase in the 12-month group followed by a decrease in the older groups. In addition, the levels of non-protein @entity1433 were increased in the 12-month group and not detected in the older groups. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that oxidative stress is not associated with aging in the heart. However, an increase in non-protein @entity1433 may be an important factor that compensates for the decrease of @entity224 dismutase and @entity12609 activity in the oldest @entity35 , to maintain appropriate antioxidant defenses against oxidative insults.

title: Oxidative Damage in the Aging Heart: an Experimental XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the use of a genetic risk score (GRS) for predicting risk of incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in US-based samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: By using findings from recent genome-wide association studies, we constructed GRSs composed of 13 genetic variants associated with @entity583 or other manifestations of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and 102 genetic variants associated with @entity301 or its major risk factors. We also updated the 13 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) GRSs with 16 SNPs recently discovered by genome-wide association studies. We estimated the association, discrimination, and risk reclassification of each GRS for incident cardiovascular events and prevalent coronary artery @entity460 (CAC). In analyses adjusted for age, sex, @entity65 risk factors, and parental history of @entity65 , the 13 SNP GRSs were significantly associated with incident hard @entity301 (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.15; P=0.04), @entity65 (hazard ratio per allele, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; P=0.03), and high CAC (defined as >75(th) age- and sex-specific percentile; odds ratio per allele, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26; P=3.4*10(-7)). The GRS did not improve discrimination for incident @entity301 or @entity65 but led to modest improvements in risk reclassification. However, significant improvements in discrimination and risk reclassification were observed for the prediction of high CAC. The addition of 16 newly discovered SNPs to the 13 SNP GRSs did not significantly modify these results. CONCLUSIONS: A GRS composed of 13 SNPs associated with @entity301 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and of high CAC, modestly improves risk reclassification for incident @entity301 , and significantly improves discrimination for high CAC. The addition of recently discovered SNPs did not significantly improve the performance of this GRS.

title: A genetic risk score is associated with incident XXXX and coronary artery @entity460 : the Framingham Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary disease', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity613 were screened noninvasively with electrocardiography chest wall mapping stress test and transcutaneous aortovelography during bicycle ergometry. Electrocardiographic chest wall stress testing indicated three-vessel coronary disease in 25 @entity1 and left anterior descending plus circumflex (left main stem equivalent) disease in seven. In these 32 @entity1 transcutaneous aortovelography demonstrated a decrease in @entity64 distance (an index of @entity64 ) (median, -28%; 90% range, +5% to -48%), and coronary angiography confirmed the presence and severity of the disease. The claudication distance ranged between 50 and 250 meters. After myocardial revascularization or medical therapy a significant increase occurred in the @entity64 distance after exercise (median, +20; 90% range, +40% to -25%); also a significant increase in the postexercise pressure index and a reduction in the recovery time (p less than 0.01). No change occurred in the ankle/pressure index at rest. Twelve @entity1 were able to walk without being limited by claudication; 15 reported improvement with a two to tenfold increase in claudication distance. No change occurred in three. The results indicate that silent @entity741 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity613 . It produces @entity1002 and a decrease in @entity64 volume leading to a large fall in ankle pressure and early onset of claudication during exercise. Niltrates and myocardial revascularization tend to reverse this.

title: XXXX as a manifestation of silent @entity741 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cardiac stroke volume']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['Intermittent claudication']


abstract: It has been proposed that lowering glomerular pressure in @entity1 with @entity1723 will reduce microalbuminuria and that this reduction may preserve renal function. We therefore conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to compare 3 months of treatment with the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3371 (0.9 mg/kg/day), and 3 months of placebo administration to 12 normotensive adolescents with @entity1723 , 11 with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate of 15 to 200 micrograms/min) and one with early overt @entity8 . Mean age (+/- SD) was 14.4 +/- 1.7 years, and disease duration was 5.1 +/- 2.5 years. Albumin excretion rate decreased significantly during @entity3371 therapy (baseline 78 +/- 114 micrograms/min; mean of monthly measurements 38 +/- 55 micrograms/min vs placebo 78 +/- 140 micrograms/min; p less than 0.001). During @entity3371 therapy, albumin excretion was reduced by 41 +/- 44% and decreased in 10 of 12 subjects, but was unchanged in two, one with a borderline albumin excretion rate (16.3 micrograms/min) and one with @entity6 of short duration (2.9 years). Plasma @entity916 activity rose significantly during @entity3371 therapy, and mean arterial pressure decreased slightly (placebo 81 +/- 7 mm Hg; @entity3371 76 +/- 5 mm Hg; p = 0.004). After 3 months of @entity3371 treatment, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow did not change significantly. Hemoglobin Alc values remained stable during the study. The only side effect of @entity3371 was @entity294 in one @entity1 . We conclude that, in the short term, @entity3371 is effective in decreasing albumin excretion rate in normotensive @entity1 with @entity1723 and microalbuminuria, without significant side effects. Longer trials are indicated in an attempt to delay or prevent overt @entity8 .

title: XXXX inhibitor therapy to decrease microalbuminuria in normotensive @entity1 with @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin converting enzyme']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of @entity66 in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan and compare it with similar published studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (Retrospective descriptive study) Thirteen @entity1 with Adult onset stills disease were identified by chart review of last ten years from 1995 to 2005 at @entity580 ( @entity580 ), a tertiary care private medical university in Karachi Pakistan. Demographic and other specific information was recorded on standardized data sheet and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 26.54 +/- 10.34 years, of which 8 (61.5%) were males. The most common presenting features were @entity221 (100%), @entity4841 and @entity925 (100%) with large joint involvement (91.7%), significant @entity353 (30.8%), sore throat (53.8%). None of the @entity1 had @entity1910 with @entity221 , @entity662 . One @entity1 had cervical lymph node swelling and 4 (33.3%) @entity1 had splenomegally. The common laboratory findings were: leukocytosis and @entity417 (100%), elevated ESR and @entity1851 (100%). @entity1148 (56.2%) and elevated Liver function tests (62%). Seven patients had serum ferritin checked which was in the range of 1872 to 16652 iu/l. None of the @entity1 had positive ANA, Anti-DNA or RA factor. Twelve @entity1 had a chest x-ray done, among them 11 were normal, one had @entity1143 . The clinical course of the @entity1 who were followed for three months, was monocyclic (53.8%), polycyclic (30.8%) and persistent (15.4%). CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics of @entity66 in our country are mostly similar to those seen in other regions, suggesting that same pathogenetic factors may be implicated in @entity1 from different genetic back grounds and geographic locations.

title: Adult onset XXXX in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest and abdominal pains']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stills disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Aga Khan University Hospital', 'AKU']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Stills disease']


abstract: Background. @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), a rare complication after cerebral revascularization, is a well-described phenomenon after carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting. However, the imaging evidence of @entity1779 after intravenous @entity1456 (iv tPA) for acute @entity385 (AIS) has not been reported. Case Report. Four @entity1 were determined to have manifestations of @entity1779 with clinical deterioration after treatment with iv tPA, including one @entity1 who developed @entity410 , one @entity1 who had a deviation of the eyes @entity75 with worsened mental status, and two @entity1 who developed worsened @entity1269 . In all four @entity1 , postthrombolysis head CT examinations were negative for @entity548 ; CT angiogram showed patent cervical and intracranial arterial vasculature; CT perfusion imaging revealed hyperperfusion with increased relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume and decreased mean transit time along with decreased time to peak in the clinically related artery territory. @entity384 was also noted in three of these four cases. Conclusions. @entity1779 should be considered in @entity1 with clinical deterioration after iv tPA and imaging negative for @entity548 . Cerebral angiogram and perfusion studies can be useful in diagnosing @entity1779 thereby helping with further management.

title: Imaging Evidence for XXXX after Intravenous @entity1456 for Acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['toward lesion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome', 'CHS']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome']


abstract: The presence of Y-chromosome material in @entity1 with dysgenetic gonads increases the risk of @entity5 and/or nontumoral @entity342 -producing lesions. The @entity1 ' prognosis can vary, depending on their karyotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Y-chromosome mosaicism in @entity2689 @entity1 and its association with the development of @entity5 and/or nontumoral @entity342 -producing lesions. Eighty-seven @entity2689 @entity1 were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genes @entity16438 and @entity16439 and DYZ3 repeat of the Y chromosome were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. To the Y-positive @entity1 , prophylactic gonadectomy was offered. The data disclosed hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism in 16 (18.5%) of the @entity1 . @entity16438 sequence was detected in all of the 16 @entity1 , and 4 (4.6%) of them presented DYZ3 repeat region and @entity16439 gene. Eleven of the @entity1 with Y-positive sequences agreed to undergo the prophylactic surgery. In 2 cases, bilateral @entity5712 was found and, in another case, the histopathologic study of the gonads revealed @entity1373 . In a further case, there were @entity1373 and a stromal @entity27977 . In conclusion, a systematic search for hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism, especially @entity16438 , in @entity2689 @entity1 is justified by the possibility of preventing @entity75 .

title: @entity16438 gene increases the risk of developing XXXX and/or nontumoral @entity75 in @entity2689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hilus cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

answer: @entity5712 :: (MESH:D018238,Disease) :: ['gonadoblastoma']


abstract: 40 @entity1 with @entity4710 were allocated to two different treatment groups according to their year of birth. Those @entity1 born on odd years were given 5 mg of @entity6310 intravenously, those born on even years receiving 5 mg of @entity1855 , and if the @entity591 continued, the same injection was repeated after 5 minutes. If @entity6310 treatment failed, the @entity1 was given 5 mg of @entity1855 half an hour later, and vice versa. @entity1855 restored sinus rhythm in 19 @entity1 out of 20. @entity6310 proved effective in 8 out of 20. In @entity1 who were switched over to the other treatment @entity1855 was effective in 9 out of 11 and @entity6310 in 1 @entity1 . Side effects were few. Marked @entity551 occurred in 2 @entity1 , in 1 @entity1 after 5 mg of @entity1855 , and after 5 mg of @entity6310 in the other. It is concluded that @entity1855 is a very effective agent in the treatment of @entity4710 . Selection of @entity1 is emphasized to increase the safety of its use.

title: Comparison of @entity1855 and @entity6310 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6310 :: ('MESH:D011217', 'Chemical') :: ['practolol', 'Practolol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4349 and @entity6023 are effective agents in @entity0 and prolong survival times. Some @entity1 achieve prolongation of life with @entity416 , @entity136 , or @entity1206 , even after failure of both @entity4349 and @entity6023 . We analyzed the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy in @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy at the Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed. @entity136 (1,000 mg/m(2)) and @entity1206 (25 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2006, 57 @entity1 were eligible (median age, 45 years), and the median number of previous chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 1 approximately 5). The overall response rate was 30% (95% CI, 18.1 approximately 41.9), and the disease control rate was 46% (PR, 30%; @entity168 , 16%). The median duration of follow-up was 33.4 months, the median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 3.9 months, and the median overall survival was 10.8 months. None of the @entity1 with @entity1 with @entity4349 and @entity3907 primary resistance showed a response and the median @entity1054 for these @entity1 was significantly shorter than that of other @entity1 (1.9 vs. 4.4 months; p=0.018). Although the efficacy was unsatisfactory in @entity1 with both @entity4349 and @entity3907 primary resistance, @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy showed comparable efficacy in @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -sensitive @entity1 and the @entity1 with secondary resistance, even after failure of second-line therapy. Grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 (18.1%) and @entity1398 (0.3%), and @entity1503 were tolerable. CONCLUSION: @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy in @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 was effective and tolerable.

title: @entity136 and XXXX combination chemotherapy in @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: To clarify the role of the genetic mutations in the clinical course of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), we analyzed for @entity4206 , @entity876 , @entity7801 and @entity8497 gene mutations and the expression of the @entity4206 gene in relapsed @entity3052 . Paired samples obtained from @entity1 with @entity3052 at both stages of diagnosis and first relapse were analyzed. Twenty-four @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 survived for 6 to 81 months (median 24 months) from diagnosis. In one @entity1 , no point mutation of the @entity4206 gene was detected, but loss of the @entity4206 gene expression was observed at both stages. Point mutations of the @entity876 gene were positive at both stages (+/+) in two @entity1 and negative at diagnosis and positive at relapse (-/+) in two @entity1 . Tandem duplication of the @entity7801 gene was detected in five @entity1 at both stages (+/+). @entity8497 gene mutations at both stages (+/+) were detected in three @entity1 . Mutant @entity876 at relapse was associated with short survival in @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 (P<0.014). Our findings show that @entity876 mutations were, at least in part, associated with the mechanism of relapse in @entity3052 , while new @entity4206 , @entity7801 and @entity8497 gene alterations did not occur at relapse. Loss of the @entity4206 gene expression in de novo @entity3052 has not been reported yet.

title: Abnormalities of @entity4206 , XXXX , @entity7801 and @entity8497 genes and their prognostic value in relapsed @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemias', 'AML']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effects of @entity3371 and @entity2165 on quality of life of @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: In a randomly allocated double-blind crossover trial with two 6-week treatment periods @entity3371 at 25 mg twice a day or @entity2165 at 50 mg once a day were administered to 265 @entity101 @entity1 (mean age 56 years; 55% @entity1 ). Of these, 65% were newly treated @entity101 and 35% were previously uncontrolled on a diuretic alone. A seated diastolic blood pressure of 95-115 mmHg was required after a 3-week placebo run-in period. Any previous diuretic therapy was changed to @entity918 (25 mg once a day) and the dose was kept constant throughout the trial. Newly diagnosed @entity1 did not take a diuretic at any time. Quality of life was assessed from self-completed questionnaires measuring psychological well-being, symptomatic side effects of treatment, and activity and perceived well-being (a health index). A relative's perception of the @entity1 ' mood was also obtained where possible. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 withdrew on @entity2165 and 10 on @entity3371 . No differences between the drugs were observed in quality of life measures, and 95% confidence intervals suggested that important differences were excluded. CONCLUSION: We conclude that at the doses used in this trial there were no important differences between @entity3371 and @entity2165 in their effects on quality of life.

title: Quality of life in XXXX treated with @entity2165 or @entity3371 : a double-blind crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporary use of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (PLVAD) may be beneficial in @entity1 undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and those with @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ). METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive @entity1 undergoing high-risk PCI and those with @entity1455 receiving intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), TandemHeart (TH), or Impella device (IMP) were enrolled. @entity1 undergoing high-risk PCI (n=57) and those treated for @entity1455 (n=17) were analyzed as separate cohorts. @entity1 undergoing IABP-assisted PCI were compared to those undergoing PLVAD (TH and IMP)-assisted PCI. The primary end point was in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events, and the secondary end point was in-hospital vascular complications. RESULTS: For the high-risk PCI cohort (n=57), 22 received PLVAD and 35 received IABP. @entity1 receiving IABP were younger and less likely to have a prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and less likely to be on dialysis compared to those receiving PLVAD support. @entity1 receiving PLVAD support had a higher baseline Syntax score, had a higher prevalence of unprotected left main disease, underwent treatment of more @entity301 , received more coronary stents, and more likely received drug-eluting stents compared to those receiving IABP support. The primary and secondary end points were similar between both groups. For the @entity1455 cohort (n=17), 4 received PLVAD and 13 received IABP. @entity1 receiving PLVAD support were more likely to have a prior @entity583 , had a lower ejection fraction, underwent treatment of more @entity301 , and received more coronary stents compared to those receiving IABP support. The primary and secondary end points were similar between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: IABP compared with PLVAD use for high-risk PCI and @entity1455 is associated with significantly different baseline @entity1 , clinical, procedural, and angiographic characteristics. In-hospital clinical outcome was similar between both groups in both the high-risk PCI and the @entity1455 cohorts. When physicians have access to each of these devices, short-term clinical outcome appears to be similar.

title: Percutaneous left ventricular support for high-risk PCI and XXXX : who gets what?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid eye movement (REM) @entity146 (RBD) is a type of REM @entity4939 characterized by complex motor activity during REM sleep. In this study, @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ) in @entity1 with idiopathic RBD was analyzed to evaluate the expression of arousal instability of NREM sleep. METHODS: A total of 31 idiopathic RBD @entity1 and age- and gender-matched 21 control subjects were consecutively recruited. Conventional sleep polysomnographic recording parameters and @entity7944 parameters were compared between RBD and the control group. RESULTS: The number of @entity7944 cycles (120.13        113.56, p   =   0.007), @entity7944 sequences (20.9        18.15, p   <   0.001), @entity7944 index (25.14        24.44, p   =   0.017), and @entity7944 rate (24.07        13.22, p   =   0.016) were all significantly higher in RBD @entity1 compared to the control group. The increase in @entity7944 sequences was observed in phase A2 and A3 subtypes while phase A1 subtype was significantly lower in RBD @entity1 . A significant positive correlation was observed between disease duration with total @entity7944 time (r   =   0.289, p   =   0.042) and A3 index (r   =   0.32, p   =   0.024). There was a negative correlation between the age and A1 index (r   =   -0.4491, p   =   0.0001). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge this is the first polysomnographic clinical study which evaluated @entity7944 parameters in RBD. Increased @entity7944 rate found may be considered as a sign showing that NREM sleep may also be affected in RBD @entity1 . Therefore, @entity7944 analysis may be important to enlighten the pathogenesis of @entity4939 .

title: Cyclic alternating pattern analysis in REM XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'cyclic alternating pattern']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sleep behavior disorder']


abstract: A @entity12638 excretory red fluorescent protein (SE-RFP) having light-dependent activity against @entity27077 ( @entity27077 ) was purified. Light was observed to be essential also for the SE-RFP synthesis as it was produced only when @entity12638 were reared in light. SE-RFP has exhibited a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.86. The apparent mass of native SE-RFP was about 1100 kDa as analysed by gel filtration chromatography. Two photochromic moieties associated with the SE-RFP, namely @entity13417 -I (TP-I) and @entity13417 -II (TP-II), were isolated by employing TLC and HPTLC techniques. The purified tetrapyrroles were characterized by UV-absorption, fluorescence, atomic absorption and FT-IR spectral analyses. The molecular masses of TP-I and TP-II were 535 and 870 Da, respectively, as determined by ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS. The molar ratio of TP-I to TP-II was 1.14 : 1.00, and a total of 7.251 micromol @entity27078 (TP-I + TP-II) were found to be present per mg of SE-RFP. TP-I and TP-II were identified as @entity38 derivatives, namely, @entity27079 and @entity27080 , respectively. Hence, the SE-RFP was concluded to be a unique insect red fluorescent protein having two photochromic moieties and potent photobiological activity.

title: A unique red fluorescent protein of XXXX bearing two photochromic moieties.

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['silkworms', 'silkworm']

entities_list: @entity27079 :: ('MESH:C040298', 'Chemical') :: ['pyropheophorbide a']

entities_list: @entity27078 :: ('MESH:D045725', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapyrroles']

entities_list: @entity13417 :: ('CHEBI:26932', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapyrrole']

entities_list: @entity27077 :: ('271108', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus', 'BmNPV']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

entities_list: @entity27080 :: ('MESH:C061694', 'Chemical') :: ['pheophytin a']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['silkworm']


abstract: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is the most prevalent form of @entity409 worldwide. @entity4084 can induce @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis [or nonalcoholic @entity1560 (NAFL)] to @entity1561 and @entity82 . Some of the epidemiological and pathological studies have also suggested an association between the presence of @entity1560 and @entity944 . A 37-year-old @entity1 was found dead when he was asleep in the bed at home. According to his family, he was single and a costermonger. He was not an athlete, and there was no history of any physical and @entity146 . He was not addicted and did not use any drugs or @entity285 . The positive points, in this case, were: a large heart with mild @entity3979 and @entity1560 in autopsy and @entity944 . Since @entity1560 did not have any complication such as @entity7123 , it can be concluded that the combination of @entity1560 and @entity65 led to sudden unexpected @entity204 . Heart more than 450 gr is susceptible to @entity943 , and @entity409 can cause cardiovascular changes.

title: XXXX Due to Association between @entity1561 and Cardiovascular Changes in a 37-Year-Old @entity1 : a Case Report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['FLD', 'Fatty liver disease', 'liver disease', 'fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat embolism']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity4084 :: ('MESH:D044343', 'Disease') :: ['Overnutrition']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden Death']


abstract: @entity1092 was used as monotherapy in 90 cases with @entity302 who had at least one fit per week, irrespective of the type of @entity410 . The effect of the drug was evaluated on the basis of change in @entity410 frequency. Serum @entity1092 levels were estimated by homogenous enzyme immunoassay. All the @entity1 with absence (5/5) and @entity2045 (3/3) @entity410 and 80% (42/53) of cases with generalized @entity410 , became @entity410 free. Six of ten @entity1 with only tonic @entity410 became @entity410 free. An average daily dose of 19.6 mg/kg provided a mean @entity1092 level of 81.4 micrograms/ml in all @entity410 free @entity1 . No correlation could be established between valproate dose and serum levels. Mild transient side effects were noted. No @entity854 or hepatotoxicity was observed. @entity1092 sodium effectively controlled @entity410 in a majority of @entity1 with partial @entity410 . Serum level monitoring helps to establish an optimal dose to keep the @entity1 @entity410 free. No correlation could be established between side effects and serum levels.

title: XXXX in @entity302 . A clinical trial including monitoring of drug levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium valproate', 'valproic acid', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproate sodium']


abstract: The current poxvirus vaccine is associated with rare, but serious adverse events. Therefore, we investigated a non-replicating approach to vaccine design. Peptides encoding potential HLA-binding motifs were derived from the orthopoxvirus genes, @entity28303 , @entity12655 , and C12L (the IL-18-binding protein [vIL18BP105]), all of which are preserved among poxviruses that infect @entity1 , and which may be a target of host immunity. The peptides were tested with poxvirus-vaccinated @entity1 PBMC and serum for eliciting memory responses, as well as with splenocytes and serum from peptide-immunized, @entity1 HLA-DR04 transgenic (HLA tg) @entity19 . vIL18BP105 induced 5-fold proliferation of vaccinated-donor PBMC over non-vaccinated (P<0.001), including @entity2047 -producing CD8+ cells. Serum IgG recognizing vIL18BP105 was detected (P<0.002 vs non-vaccinated) by ELISA. Viral peptides were conjugated to the HLA-targeting mAb, L243, for immunization of HLA tg @entity19 . Splenocytes from vIL18BP105-L243-immunized @entity19 proliferated upon exposure to vIL18BP105 (P<0.001). Proliferating splenocytes were interferon-y-producing @entity1961 (+)CD45RA(neg). vIL18BP105-L243-immunized mice generated IgG more rapidly than free-peptide-immunized @entity19 . Peptide-specific antibody was also detected when different L243-peptide conjugates were combined. vIL18BP, by eliciting @entity1 memory responses, is a viable antigen for inclusion in a virus-free vaccine. The immunogenicity of peptides was boosted by conjugation to L243, whether administered alone or combined.

title: Evaluation of a non-viral vaccine in smallpox-vaccinated individuals and immunized HLA- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity28303 :: ('p|SUB|D|8|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D8L']

entities_list: @entity12655 :: ('p|SUB|A|27|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A27L']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: @entity30 activity index (CDAI) and serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels are not prefect indicators of @entity30 severity. Magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) is a method allowing simultaneous assessment of lesions involving an entire intestinal wall as well as intra- and extraintestinal spaces. This method, however, is not appropriate for monitoring the course of disease and therapeutic effects. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate which of the extensive panel of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines correlates with an actual severity of @entity1050 assessed by MRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 57 @entity1 with endoscopically diagnosed ileocecal form of @entity1050 (28 @entity1 , age 29 + 11 yrs, range 18-62 yrs) hospitalized in 2007-2008. The mean CDAI was 293 + 119 points, range 18-503 points and serum @entity1851 level was 17.5 + 31 mg/l, range 0.1-122 mg/l. MRE was performed in each @entity1 not later than 3 days after entry to the study. The summarized score was calculated using standardized protocol, assessing the intestine wall thickness and length of its involvement (ileocecal region), pattern of mural contrast enhancement, presence of @entity292 or other @entity75 and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. At admission the blood was taken to measure following cytokines: IL-la, @entity1193 , @entity650 , soluble @entity650 receptor, @entity310 , @entity310 type II receptor and IL-10. RESULTS: In Spearman's correlation test the MRE score showed the strongest relationship with serum level of @entity310 type II receptor (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), correlating less significantly with @entity650 level (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and CDAI (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TNFalpha receptor type II shows better correlation with the severity of ileocecal @entity1050 (assessed by MRE) than CDAI or serum levels of other cytokines and @entity1851 .

title: [Serum level of @entity310 receptor type II better correlates with severity of XXXX than other cytokines and conventional clinical activity indicators].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extraintestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Mass spectrometry has played a key role in characterizing the primary structure of native and recombinant relaxin, a peptide hormone that induces ripening of the cervix prior to childbirth. The peptide is composed of two chains, A and B, and is formed from a single-chain @entity27882 , as is insulin. Aside from conserved cysteines, though, it has little sequence homology with insulin. Due to the small amounts of native peptide initially available (less than 10 pmol), traditional techniques could not provide information on the blocked A-chain sequence, on the carboxyterminal sequences, nor on other possible post-translational modifications. Mass measurements by fast atom bombardment (FAB) were made on reduced @entity1 relaxin isolated from corpora lutea. The detection limit by FAB for reduced relaxin was 500 fmol. The B-chain was four @entity1522 shorter than expected from comparison of the previously known cDNA sequence with homologous @entity35 and porcine sequences. The A-chain, as predicted, was 24 @entity1522 in length and had a @entity27883 residue on the @entity1472 -terminus. The purified samples were homogeneous with no other post-translational modifications. The recombinant relaxin molecule was also extensively characterized by mass spectrometry. In addition to the intact molecule, all tryptic peptides were characterized by FAB. A capillary high-performance liquid chromatography continuous-flow FAB system, developed for high-sensitivity peptide mapping, aided in these analyses. Finally, the three @entity1520 bonds were shown by tandem mass spectrometry to match those of insulin.

title: Structural characterization by mass spectrometry of native and recombinant XXXX relaxin.

entities_list: @entity27882 :: ('CHEBI:71212', 'Chemical') :: ['prohormone']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity27883 :: ('MESH:D011761', 'Chemical') :: ['pyroglutamic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']