abstract: Genetic traits associated with P-M hybrid dysgenesis in @entity238 were synergistically affected by X-rays. The interaction between damages induced by these two mutator systems was evident when sterility and X/Y chromosome loss were used as endpoints. No interaction was detected in partial chromosome loss, monitored by the loss of @entity10673 and y+ markers. The synergism in sterility, measured either as all-or-none or premature sterility (fecundity) was observed when male hybrids derived from different P strains fathers, namely Harwich or II2, were X-irradiated and the effects compared relative to similarly treated @entity8625 . Brooding of sperm showed that the effects of ionizing radiation were ionizing radiation were dependent upon the stage of spermatogenesis during which cells were irradiated. The highly synergistic effect on sterility was found when either spermatids or spermatocytes, but not mature sperm, were irradiated with 550 rad of X-rays. These findings were consistent with the higher radiosensitivity of spermatocytes and spermatids to @entity74 and with the correlation between the incidence of sterility and aging of dysgenic hybrids. The latter observation was particularly evident in the case of Harwich P strain-derived male hybrids whose fertility was greatly reduced due to P element mobility. The synergistic effect of X-rays in these dysgenic hybrids resulted in the virtual abolition of the germ line, increasing the sterility from 50% of the untreated 9-10-day old males, to 85% of the treated males when spermatocytes were irradiated. The synergism observed between transposon mobility and ionizing radiation can best the attributed to an interaction between X-ray-induced and P element-induced @entity6724 . This interpretation is consistent with the more than additive increase in X or Y chromosome loss in irradiated, Harwich P strain-derived hybrid sons. The induction of these events was 1.164% in dysgenic irradiated males as compared to 0.234% in X-irradiated nondysgenic hybrids and 0.40% in dysgenic untreated males. No synergism was observed in X/Y loss in hybrids derived from II2 P strain fathers where the frequency of the events due to P element mobility alone was only one tenth (0.037%) of that found in Harwich-derived hybrids.

title: The interaction between X-rays and transposon mobility in XXXX : hybrid sterility and chromosome loss.

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome breaks']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['non-dysgenic hybrids']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Five hundred @entity1 with established, symptomatic limb joint @entity571 have been recruited into an on-going prospective study of the natural history of the condition. Four hundred and fifteen @entity1 (mean age 65.6 years, female to male ratio 2.05:1) were available for a full clinical and radiographic review 3 years after entry (mean entry to follow-up interval 37.6 months, range 31-41). The majority reported an overall worsening of their condition, although @entity158 severity did not change. There was an overall increase in disability (Steinbrocker) and the use of walking aids in the group but 57 @entity1 (13.7%) improved, 38 of whom had undergone joint surgery. There was a strong correlation between changes in different clinical outcome measures, but none of the baseline variables predicted change over 3 years with the exception of an association between @entity158 severity and subsequent surgery. One hundred and ninety-three of the 415 @entity1 had @entity2720 at entry. One hundred and forty-five of these @entity1 had knee radiographs and full clinical data available from both time points. Some change was seen in 85 of 276 evaluable tibiofemoral joints (30.1%), but only 10 patellofemoral joints. There was a strong correlation between changes in joint space, @entity79 . However, there was no correlation between radiographic and clinical changes. It is concluded that radiographic change may not be a good surrogate for clinical outcome in established @entity571 . This has implications for the design of long-term studies of possible structure modifying agents in @entity571 .

title: The Bristol 'OA500' study: progression of @entity571 ( XXXX ) over 3 years and the relationship between clinical and radiographic changes at the knee joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteophyte and subchondral bone scelerosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joint disease']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['OA']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity191 @entity1 could point with their eyes closed as accurately as normal subjects to targets in three-dimensional space that were initially presented with full vision. We have now further restricted visual information in order to more closely examine the individual and combined influences of visual information, proprioceptive feedback, and spatial working memory on the accuracy of @entity191 @entity1 . All trials were performed in the dark. A robot arm presented a target illuminated by a light-emitting diode at one of five randomly selected points composing a pyramidal array. Subjects attempted to "touch" the target location with their right finger in one smooth movement in three conditions: dark, no illumination of arm or target during movement; movement was to the remembered target location after the robot arm retracted; finger, a light-emitting diode on the pointing fingertip was visible during the movement but the target was extinguished; again, movement was to the remembered target location; and target, the target light-emitting diode remained in place and visible throughout the trial but there was no vision of the arm. In the finger condition, there is no need to use visual-proprioceptive integration, since the continuously visualized fingertip position can be compared to the remembered location of the visual target. In the target condition, the subject must integrate the current visible target with arm proprioception, while in the dark condition, the subject must integrate current proprioception from the arm with the remembered visual target. @entity191 @entity1 were significantly less accurate than controls in both the dark and target conditions, but as accurate as controls in the finger condition. @entity191 @entity1 , therefore, were selectively impaired in those conditions (target and dark) which required integration of visual and proprioceptive information in order to achieve accurate movements. In contrast, the @entity1 ' normal accuracy in the finger condition indicates that they had no substantial deficits in their relevant spatial working memory. Final arm configurations were significantly different in the two subject groups in all three conditions, even in the finger condition where mean movement endpoints were not significantly different. Variability of the movement endpoints was uniformly increased in @entity191 @entity1 across all three conditions. The current study supports an important role for the basal ganglia in the integration of proprioceptive signals with concurrent or remembered visual information that is needed to guide movements. This role can explain much of the @entity1 ' dependence on visual information for accuracy in @entity717 . It also underlines what may be an essential contribution of the basal ganglia to movement, the integration of afferent information that is initially processed through multiple, discrete modality-specific pathways, but which must be combined into a unified and continuously updated spatial model for effective, accurate movement.

title: The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['targeted movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any seasonal variation in the activity of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) overall and by individual organs. METHODS: The study group comprised 2102 @entity1 with @entity1252 who were followed in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. In this cohort, 92.3% of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The mean    SD age of the @entity1 was 47.9    13.9 years, 56.3% were white, 37.1% were African American, and 3.1% were Asian. @entity66 activity was recorded by the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment - Systemic Lupus @entity66 Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) and the physician's global assessment. Activity of each organ was also recorded using SLEDAI terms and a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 to 3). RESULTS: There was significant seasonal variation in @entity1910 (p < 0.0001), which was more frequent in the spring and summer months (p < 0.0001). There was significantly more @entity625 activity in spring and summer, as measured by both SELENA-SLEDAI (p = 0.0057) and the joint VAS (p = 0.0047). A decrease in renal activity was found in the summer months compared to the rest of the year (p = 0.0397). @entity11534 recorded by VAS had higher activity from August to October (p = 0.0392). Anti-dsDNA levels were significantly higher during October and November (p < 0.0001). There was significant seasonal variation in antiphospholipid antibody levels (p < 0.0001) and @entity4555 (p = 0.0003). We found a significant variation in activity through the year in global disease activity as measured by SELENA-SLEDAI (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: In the Hopkins Lupus Cohort, skin and joint activity is increased during the spring and summer, but other organs have different patterns. These seasonal variations likely reflect environmental factors that influence disease activity, including ultraviolet light and @entity281 .

title: Seasonal variation in the activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Erythematosus Disease', 'Global disease']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['photosensitive rash']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) usually need operative repair and remain as a challenge even for surgeons who specialize in hepatobiliary surgery. The objective of this study was to define the presentation, in-hospital management, and mid- to long-term outcome of BDIs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) referred to a tertiary center in their early period. METHODOLOGY: From January 1996 to January 2006, 31 @entity1 with @entity1157 sustained during or after LC were treated at our institution. @entity1 were referred to our center from 18 community hospitals in their first 15 postoperative days. @entity1 ' charts were retrospectively reviewed; presentation, management, and follow-up details recorded at the primary hospitals and at our institution were documented. RESULTS: There were 5 @entity1 with type-A and one with type-C injury, according to Strasberg classification. The remainders had a major @entity1157 . The mean time to referral was 3.45 (median 2) days. Treatment methods chosen after referral were as follows: drainage-observation in 2 @entity1 (6.5%), nasobiliary drainage in 4 (12.9%), endoscopic sphincterotomy plus biliary stenting in 1 (3.2%), and surgical intervention (duct-to-duct @entity254 or biliary-enteric reconstruction) in 24 @entity1 (77.4%). Although a success rate of 83.3% was achieved in the early period, 10 @entity1 (32.3%) had late @entity260 (stricture and @entity255 ), and of these, 3 required endoscopic stent placement, and 7 @entity1 underwent a biliary diversion with Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy. One out of 24 @entity1 with long-term follow-up developed @entity2835 , and one @entity1 with @entity5 expired. CONCLUSIONS: Minor BDIs can be satisfactorily treated with endoscopic interventions. Extended lateral injuries, complete CBD transsections, and @entity1347 usually require surgical therapy. Duct-to-duct @entity254 may be an option as the first-line therapy in selected @entity1 after early referral, though many @entity1 eventually require a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

title: Management and mid- to long-term results of early referred XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['long segment stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct injuries', 'BDI']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injuries']


abstract: Two separate outbreaks of @entity221 with @entity8174 were reported from the Apsinga and Pimpla villages in the Osmanabad district of the Maharashtra State, India during February and March 2012. Meningo- @entity198 was noted in two @entity1 resulting in the death of an 11-year male. Samples of blood and throat swabs were collected from @entity1 with @entity221 and @entity8174 . Serum samples from suspected (n=62) and convalescent (n=19) @entity1 were tested for @entity17541 specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies. Mumps virus specific IgM antibodies were detected in 44 of 62 serum samples (71%). Of the 19 convalescent phase sera 16 had both, @entity778 IgM and IgG antibodies. Twenty-eight throat swabs collected from @entity1 with @entity8174 were tested by RT-PCR for the SH gene. Twenty-three specimens were found to be positive and @entity377 sequencing of the amplified PCR products revealed circulation of two distinct genotypes that were village specific. @entity17541 genotype C (n=18) was detected in Apsinga village and genotype G (n=5) in Pimpla village. Two @entity17541 isolates were also obtained using Vero cells. This is the first report from India confirming simultaneous circulation of @entity17541 genotype C in one village and the G genotype in another village only 37 km away.

title: Circulation of two XXXX genotypes in an unimmunized population in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['anti-mumps virus']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity17541 :: ('11161', 'Species') :: ['mumps virus', 'Mumps virus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity17541 :: (11161,Species) :: ['mumps virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the impacts of @entity167 use in older adults. We aimed to evaluate self-reported hospital admissions and falls against current Australian @entity167 consumption guidelines. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of data from five Australian cohort studies. The study comprised 16,785 @entity1 aged 65 years or older at baseline. @entity167 consumption was categorized using Australian guidelines in standard (10 g) drinks per day as "abstinent," "low-risk" (>0  <=2), "long-term risk" (>2  <=4), or "short-term risk" (>4). Separate generalized estimating equations for @entity1 and @entity1 , controlling for key demographic, and health variables ( @entity308 , @entity6 , circulatory and @entity85 ) were used to examine the relationship of @entity167 consumption with hospitalization and falls against a reference category of low-risk consumption. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were in the low (10,369, 62%) or abstinent (5,488, 33%) categories. Among @entity1 , all @entity167 groups had greater odds of admission than low-risk users; among @entity1 , only the abstinent group had increased odds. For both genders, @entity308 , @entity6 , circulatory and @entity85 all increased the odds of admission. For both genders, the unadjusted model showed that abstainers had increased odds of falling, with @entity308 , @entity6 , and for @entity1 , @entity85 also associated with falls in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION: These outcomes suggest that older @entity1 in particular could benefit from targeted @entity167 consumption messages or interventions. In relation to falls, other health conditions appear better targets for intervention than @entity167 use.

title: XXXX , hospital admissions, and falls in older adults: a longitudinal evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal conditions']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: 1. Effects of microinjection of @entity8586 -8 ( @entity6140 -8) into the @entity35 ventral tegmental area were studied on @entity935 (DA) release from nucleus accumbens (Acb), using fast cyclic voltammetry and @entity505 fibre microelectrode. 2. DA release was evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA release from Acb was increased with increasing intensity or frequency of electrical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner and was inhibited by microinjection of @entity6140 -8 (0.5 microg/kg) into the ventral tegmental area. 3. The release of DA was clearly reduced at all the intensities (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mA) tested following @entity6140 injection into the VTA, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). But the reduced percentage of DA release did not show significant changes between the data obtained with stimuli of different intensities (P>0.05). 4. While no change could be found with the stimuli of 10Hz, the DA release was significantly suppressed by injection of @entity6140 -8 at the other three frequencies tested (50 Hz, 100 Hz and 250 Hz). Furthermore, although the differences in the reduced amounts of DA release obtained at 50 Hz, 100 Hz and 250 Hz were statistically significant, the reduced percentage seemed to be not closely related to the frequency applied (P>0.05). 5. These results indicate that @entity6140 -8 is involved in the regulation of midbrain DA neurotransmission, and thereby implicated in disorders, such as @entity191 , that involve malfunctions of the basal ganglion DA neuronal systems.

title: Effect of XXXX -8 microinjection into ventral tegmental area on @entity935 release in nucleus accumbens of @entity35 : an in vivo voltammetric study.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: Sixty consecutive @entity1 with @entity10645 were seen during a ten year period. Among 41 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , there were 35 supralevator and 25 @entity854 ; associated anomalies were present in 38 @entity1 . The over-all mortality was 23 per cent. A simplified classification of @entity10645 , based on therapeutic considerations, is proposed. It consists of four basic groups: male high and low and female high and low. A @entity258 is defined as having a visible opening or membrane covered opening in the perineum in the male or a visible opening in the introitus or perineum in the female. These @entity1 are managed with simple dilations of the @entity292 ; definitive perineal anoplasty, if necessary, is deferred until the @entity1 is six months of age or older. All other lesions are defined as high lesions and are treated in the newborn period with a colostomy. Sacroperineal or sacroabdominoperineal rectoplasty is deferred until the @entity1 is six to 12 months of age. The use of this classification as well as the judgments it implies in the timing of operative procedures will avoid dangerous perineal dissections in the newborn.

title: The clinical basis for a simplified classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['infralevator abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low lesion']

answer: @entity10645 :: (MESH:C567938,Disease) :: ['anorectal agenesis']


abstract: On @entity19 adaption of A/FM/1/47, a variant, A/FM/1/47-MA (FM-MA), that had acquired the properties of increased virulence and interference was produced. Coinfection of cells with FM-MA and prototype strains of @entity683 virus yielded > 100-fold more @entity778 , whereas @entity325 with the same prototype strains and the parental A/FM/1/47 virus produced equivalent yields, indicating that FM-MA had acquired mutations that confer the property of interference during @entity19 adaption. FM-MA is a nondefective interfering virus that grows to a high titer in vivo and in vitro. It has previously been shown that segments 4, 7, and 8 and possibly segment 5 account for the increased virulence. In this study we show by genetic analysis of FM-MA x A/HK/1/68 reassortants that segment 2, coding for the polymerase-associated protein PB1, and possibly segment 8, encoding the @entity15659 and NS2 proteins, control the ability of FM-MA to interfere. Interference could not be overcome by increasing the titer of the coinfecting strain, but delaying FM-MA infection by 4 to 6 h did avoid interference. During interference of A/HK/1/68, protein synthesis was inhibited by less than 65% throughout @entity325 . Given the kinetics of interference and the small perturbation in protein synthesis, interference appeared to occur at the level of late genome replication or virus assembly. Virulence and interference in FM-MA were not linked. An interfering avirulent FM-MA x A/HK/1/68 reassortant, E07, was capable of protecting @entity19 against @entity55 due to a virulent noninterfering reassortant, H04.

title: Interference is controlled by segment 2 and possibly by segment 8 of the nondefective interfering XXXX virus variant A/FM/1/47-MA.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['FM-MA virus than prototype virus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lethal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the effect of aprotinin with the effect of @entity376 analogues ( @entity927 and   - @entity7115 ) on early mortality in three subgroups of @entity1 : low, intermediate and high risk of cardiac surgery. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational with the following data sources: Medline, Cochrane Library, and reference lists of identified articles. The primary outcome measure was early (in-hospital/30-day) mortality. The secondary outcome measures were any transfusion of packed red blood cells within 24 hours after surgery, any re-operation for @entity548 or @entity810 or failure within the selected cited publications, respectively. Out of 328 search results, 31 studies (15 trials and 16 observational studies) included 33,501 @entity1 . Early mortality was significantly increased after aprotinin vs. @entity376 analogues with a pooled risk ratio (95% CI) of 1.58 (1.13-2.21), p<0.001 in the low (n = 14,297) and in the intermediate risk subgroup (1.42 (1.09-1.84), p<0.001; n = 14,427), respectively. Contrarily, in the subgroup of high risk @entity1 (n = 4,777), the risk for mortality did not differ significantly between aprotinin and @entity376 analogues (1.03 (0.67-1.58), p = 0.90). CONCLUSION: Aprotinin may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in low and intermediate risk cardiac surgery, but presumably may has no effect on early mortality in a subgroup of high risk cardiac surgery compared to @entity376 analogues. Thus, decisions to re-license aprotinin in lower risk @entity1 should critically be debated. In contrast, aprotinin might probably be beneficial in high risk cardiac surgery as it reduces risk of transfusion and @entity548 complications.

title: Aprotinin may increase mortality in low and intermediate risk but not in high risk cardiac surgical @entity1 compared to @entity927 and   - XXXX -- a meta-analysis of randomised and observational trials of over 30.000 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding, and acute renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity7115 :: (MESH:D000614,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: In @entity27 ( @entity27 ), arousals generally occur at @entity386 termination and help restore airflow. However, timing of arousals in central @entity387 (CSA) has not been objectively quantified, and since arousals can persist even when CSA is alleviated, may not play the same defensive role as they do in @entity27 . We hypothesized that arousals following central events would occur longer after event termination than following obstructive events and would be related to circulation time. METHODS: We examined polysomnograms from 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (left ventricular ejection fraction  <= 45%): 10 with @entity27 and 10 with CSA (apneahypopnea index >=  15). Twenty central or obstructive @entity386 or @entity387 were analyzed in each @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared to the @entity27 group in whom arousals generally occurred at obstructive event termination, in the CSA group they occurred longer after central event termination (0.9    1.1 versus 8.0    4.1 s, p < 0.0001), but before peak hyperpnea. Time from arousal to peak hyperpnea did not differ between groups (4.3    1.1 vs 4.8    1.6 s, p = 0.416). Unlike the @entity27 group, latency from @entity386 termination to arousal correlated with circulation time in the CSA group (r = 0.793, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity712 @entity1 with CSA, @entity386 -to-arousal latency is longer than in those with @entity27 , and arousals usually follow resumption of airflow. These observations provide evidence that arousals are less likely to act as a protective mechanism to facilitate resumption of airflow following @entity386 in CSA than in @entity27 .

title: Differential timing of arousals in obstructive and central XXXX in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic efficacy of @entity571 treated by electroacupuncture, and explore its function of promoting cartilage restoration. METHODS: According to random digital table, sixty cases of @entity626 (60 knees) were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group and a physiotherapy group, 15 cases (30 knees) in each one. The electroacupuncture was applied at Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Heding (EX-LE 2) and Xuehai ( @entity13595 ) in the electroacupuncture group, once every other day. The physiotherapy group was treated by medium-frequency therapeutic apparatus every day. For both groups, 4 weeks of treatment were required. The Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKSS) was used to evaluate and compare the knee joints function before and after treatment. At the same time, the GE Signa EXCITE Twin Speed HD 1.5T was used to take MRI examination of knee joints, and measure the T2 values in 10 sub-regions of the cartilage of @entity2720 . RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the LKSS score of both groups were improved with significant differences except item demands for support (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Between the two groups after treatment, there were significant differences on total score, item instability and swelling (all P < 0.05), the electroacupuncture group was better than the physiotherapy group, but no significant difference on the other items (all P > 0.05). In the electroacupuncture group after treatment, T2 value in anterior lateral tibial sub-region (LTa) was significantly lowered (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in the other nine sub-regions (all P > 0.05). In the physiotherapy group, T2 value in any sub-region was not significantly different before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture could effectively improve the symptom, sign and knee joint's function of @entity1 with @entity626 . Compared with physiotherapy, it has more superior effect and considered as a better non-operative treatment for @entity571 . Electroacupuncture also has positive influence on T2 value in cartilage, indicating that electroacupuncture may have the function of promoting cartilage restoration.

title: [Efficacy observation on XXXX treated with electroacupuncture and its influence on articular cartilage with T2 mapping].

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tibiofemoral joints']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is one of the most severe forms of @entity281 . @entity3 disease is mainly due to @entity54 , an air-borne opportunistic pathogen. Mortality rate caused by @entity3 is still very high (50-95%), because of difficulty in early diagnostics and reduced antifungal treatment options, thus new and efficient drugs are necessary. The aim of this work is, using @entity14940 as non-pathogen model, to develop efficient drugs to treat @entity3 . The recent discovered role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 homologue, GskA, in A.  fumigatus @entity1 @entity281 and our previous experience on @entity1 GSK-3 inhibitors focus our attention on this kinase as a target for the development of antifungal drugs. With the aim to identify effective inhibitors of colonial growth of A.  fumigatus we use A.  nidulans as an accurate model for in  vivo and in silico studies. Several well-known @entity1 @entity9459 inhibitors were tested for inhibition of A.  nidulans colony growth. Computational tools as docking studies and binding site prediction was used to explain the different biological profile of the tested inhibitors. Three of the five tested @entity9459 inhibitors are able to reduce completely the colonial growth by covalent bind to the enzyme. Therefore these compounds may be useful in different applications to eradicate @entity3 .

title: New applications for known drugs: @entity1 glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors as modulators of XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'fungi infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: The tsetse @entity238 Glossina is the vector of the protozoan @entity3177 spp., which causes @entity1 and Animal @entity7247 in sub-Saharan African countries. To supplement their unbalanced vertebrate bloodmeal diet, flies permanently harbor the obligate bacterium @entity24165 , which resides in bacteriocytes in the midgut bacteriome organ as well as in milk gland organ. Tsetse flies also harbor the secondary facultative endosymbionts (S-symbiont) Sodalis glossinidius that infects various tissues and Wolbachia that infects germ cells. Tsetse flies display viviparous reproductive biology where a single embryo hatches and completes its entire larval development in utero and receives nourishments in the form of milk secreted by mother's accessory glands (milk glands). To analyze the precise tissue distribution of the three endosymbiotic bacteria and to infer the way by which each symbiotic partner is transmitted from parent to progeny, we conducted a Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) study to survey bacterial spatial distribution across the @entity238 tissues. We show that bacteriocytes are mono-infected with @entity24165 , while both @entity24165 and Sodalis are present in the milk gland lumen. Sodalis was further seen in the uterus, spermathecae, fat body, milk and intracellular in the milk gland cells. Contrary to @entity24165 and Sodalis, Wolbachia were the only bacteria infecting oocytes, trophocytes, and embryos at early embryonic stages. Furthermore, Wolbachia were not seen in the milk gland and in the fat body. This work further highlights the diversity of symbiont interactions in multipartner associations and supports two maternal routes of symbiont inheritance in the tsetse @entity238 : Wolbachia through oocytes, and, @entity24165 and Sodalis by means of milk gland @entity2348 at early post-embryonic stages.

title: Tissue distribution and transmission routes for the tsetse XXXX endosymbionts.

entities_list: @entity24165 :: ('51229', 'Species') :: ['Wigglesworthia glossinidia', 'Wigglesworthia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African Trypanosomiasis']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: To investigate the effects of @entity9886 and @entity3591 on cell apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) from the onset of @entity1556 or @entity101 . SHRSP were randomly divided into five experimental groups that were administered @entity9886 , @entity3591 (n=8 in each group; 4 weeks old or 10 weeks old), or vehicle, respectively. @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 were used as control animals. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method every 2 weeks. At 20 weeks of age, apoptosis was analyzed by TdT-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling, and the level of @entity1808 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Protein expressions of gp91(phox), @entity224 dismutase, and @entity1808 type 1 ( @entity1809 ) and type 2 ( @entity11082 ) receptors in the cerebral cortex were detected by western blot. @entity9886 and @entity3591 effectively delayed the progression of systolic blood pressure elevation, especially from the onset of @entity1556 , and they had no obvious effects on the level of @entity1808 . In addition, treatment with @entity9886 or @entity3591 significantly decreased cell apoptosis, downregulated the protein expression of gp91(phox), and upregulated the protein expression of @entity224 dismutase. The protein expressions of @entity1809 and @entity11082 were decreased by the administration of both drugs. No difference was found in the expression of @entity1809 among the drug treatment groups, whereas the expression of @entity11082 was increased in @entity35 with increased blood pressure. @entity3591 , especially from the onset of @entity1556 , was more effective than @entity9886 in reducing apoptosis in the cerebral cortex in SHRSP. This may be related to the antioxidative stress properties of @entity3591 .

title: Differential effects of antihypertensive treatments on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and expression of angiotensin receptors in the cerebral cortex from the onset of @entity1556 and @entity101 in @entity64 -prone spontaneous XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine', 'Amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Effective antituberculosis drugs have radically improved the prognosis of the @entity1 with active @entity378 . Surgical therapy is rarely needed, and sanatoria have largely vanished. Initially, triple-drug therapy is indicated in @entity358 and severe @entity8 and it is generally used in miliary @entity378 and @entity693 . Use of one of the three drugs may be discontinued after there is evidence that the bacillary population has been decreased. Two-drug therapy is indicated for other active disease. @entity3109 alone is adequate for prophylaxis. The major cause of therapeutic failure is failure of the @entity1 to take the antituberculosis medication regularly. The second major cause of treatment failure is resistance of tubercle bacilli to the antimicrobials used. When treatment failure is apparent, careful reassessment by experienced physicians is indicated. A single drug should never be added to a failing regimen.

title: Antituberculosis agents: XXXX , rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3109 :: (MESH:D007538,Chemical) :: ['isoniazid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the parameter @entity25 in @entity1 with the @entity387 ( @entity387 ), a test for measurement of sustained attention was developed. The present studies were performed on volunteers undergoing preemployment medical examinations and @entity387 @entity1 to determine the extent to which test results are in agreement with the symptoms of @entity387 and traffic accident reports, and also with @entity25 , and whether learning or therapeutic effects can be seen with repeated tests prior to and following treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity1 " NlmCategory="METHODS">125 healthy volunteers, and two groups of 28 @entity387 @entity1 each. DESIGN: Study A: The volunteers underwent a single attention test and completed a questionnaire concerned with traffic accidents and symptoms of sleep-related @entity387 . Study B: @entity387 @entity1 underwent two attention tests before treatment. Study C: @entity387 @entity1 underwent one attention test before and one after nCPAP therapy. RESULTS: Study A: The error rate in volunteers without symptoms of sleep-related @entity387 (51 @entity1 ) was 4.7 +/- 4.3% (number of errors 14.1 +/- 12.9), 95% CI: 1.2 (number of errors 3.6). No dependence of the error rate on age, BMI or sex was found. In @entity1 with a history of apneic events (n = 10), the error rate was 10.6 +/- 10.0% (number of errors 31.8 +/- 30), in those with more than two accidents during the last 5 years (n = 4), it was increased to 15.3 +/- 9.7% (number of errors 45.9 +/- 29.1). Study B: Among @entity387 @entity1 , no significant learning effect was seen, and prolongation of the test duration beyond 30 min had no effect on the test results. Study C: The error rate improved significantly with nCPAP [10.6 +/- 13.5 vs. 6.4 +/- 8.9% (number of errors 31.8 +/- 40. 5 vs. 19.2 +/- 26.7), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The attention test can be helpful for the measurement of @entity25 , and @entity3128 therapy can improve test performance.

title: A test for the determination of sustained attention in XXXX with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome', 'breathing disorders', 'SAS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: While vaccines are effective in adults, they are less successful in newborns and @entity1 . Neonatal unresponsiveness to vaccines could be owing to immaturity of lymphocytes and/or to inhibition by maternal antibodies. Unresponsiveness of newborn to vaccines can be overcame by genetic immunization. In the present study we investigated the effect of maternal antibodies on the anti- @entity683 virus protective response in progeny born to dams immunized with plasmid containing the hemagglutinin gene or UV-inactivated virus. The effect of maternal antibodies was studied in plasmid immunized F1 @entity19 born to BALB/c dams, previously immunized with virus or plasmid and crossed with C57BL/6 males, as well as in offspring born to BALB/c dams immunized with plasmid and then immunized with @entity778 . We have found that the inhibition period of the anti-HA antibody response in offspring born to dams immunized with DNA is shorter than that of offspring born to dams immunized with virus. Furthermore, there is a persistent inhibitory effect on B cells from offspring born to dams immunized with virus or injected with antiviral monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), after the decline of maternal antibody titers. The analysis of the haemagglutinin-specific clonotype reactivity pattern of offspring born to dams immunized with inactivated @entity683 virus or with a plasmid showed that clonotypes producing antibodies specific for the immunizing virus strain were predominant in offspring born to dams immunized with DNA compared to those born to dams immunized with virus. Maternal antibodies do not affect cell-mediated immunity. These findings might be used to design efficient vaccination schedules for newborns and @entity1 .

title: Effect of maternal antibodies on XXXX virus-specific immune response elicited by inactivated virus and naked DNA.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['UV-inactivated WSN virus']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Acquired @entity447 is a rare, life-threatening, acquired @entity548 diathesis. No general consensus exists on the best therapeutic approach. We report on the standardized approach at our institution evaluated in ten @entity1 with acquired @entity447 . Factor @entity797 inhibitors were found in all @entity1 , activities ranging from 1 to 648 Bethesda units (BU). Eight of the ten @entity1 presented with severe @entity548 . Two @entity1 died during the acute phase, one from @entity510 and one due to @entity19834 . One @entity1 with mild @entity548 was treated with immunosuppression alone. Two @entity1 with factor @entity797 inhibitor activities below 5 BU were started on factor @entity797 concentrate therapy. Therapy was successful in one and was changed to recombinant @entity1 activated factor VII infusion (rFVIIa) in the other, owing to insufficient factor @entity797 recovery. Six @entity1 with factor @entity797 inhibitor activities above 5 BU were started on activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) therapy. APCC treatment was successful initially in all six @entity1 and was changed to rFVIIa infusion in one for rebleeding. One @entity1 did not receive any specific therapy. Immunosuppression with @entity617 (2 mg kg(-1)) was begun in nine @entity1 and was continued with @entity786 (2 mg kg(-1)) in six. A complete remission of the acquired @entity447 was found in seven of the eight @entity1 surviving the acute phase, one had a partial remission. All @entity1 with acquired @entity447 could be managed effectively following our standardized approach. Routine administration of immunosuppression was associated with high inhibitor elimination rates.

title: Acquired XXXX : experiences with a standardized approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity19834 :: ('MESH:D011019', 'Disease') :: ['Mycoplasma pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: The electrophysiological characteristics of unmodified, postnatal @entity1176 (GnRH) neurons in the female @entity19 were studied using whole-cell recordings and single-cell RT-PCR methodology. The GnRH neurons of adult animals fired action potentials and exhibited distinguishable voltage-current relationships in response to hyperpolarizing and depolarizing current injections. On the basis of their patterns of inward rectification, rebound depolarization, and ability to fire repetitively, GnRH neurons in intact adult females were categorized into four cell types (type I, 48%; type II, 36%; type III, 11%; type IV, 5%). The GnRH neurons of juvenile animals (15-22 d) exhibited passive membrane properties similar to those of adult GnRH neurons, although only type I (61%) and type II (7%) cells were encountered, in addition to a group of "silent-type" GnRH neurons (32%) that were unable to fire action potentials. A massive, action potential-independent tonic @entity1246 input, signaling through the @entity1246 (A) receptor, was present at all ages. Afterdepolarization and afterhyperpolarization potentials (AHPs) were observed after single action potentials in subpopulations of each GnRH neuron type. @entity1022 ( @entity4524 )-independent @entity460 spikes, as well as AHPs, were encountered more frequently in juvenile GnRH neurons compared with adults. These observations demonstrate the existence of multiple layers of functional heterogeneity in the firing properties of GnRH neurons. Together with pharmacological experiments, these findings suggest that @entity972 and @entity460 channels are expressed in a differential manner within the @entity1176 phenotype. This heterogeneity occurs in a development-specific manner and may underlie the functional maturation and diversity of this unique neuronal phenotype.

title: Heterogeneity in the basic membrane properties of postnatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: @entity932 is an infrequent but potentially devastating complication associated with the placement of electrodes for deep brain stimulation (DBS). The objective of this retrospective review is to compare the risk of @entity548 before and after the introduction of image-guided neuronavigation for the implant of electrodes for DBS. METHODS: We reviewed all DBS implant performed at our Institute between 1998 and 2010. In 63 of the 106 @entity1 , the targeting was based on ventriculography and merge of CT/MRI. After 2006, in the latter 43 procedures, we introduced targeting based on the merging of angio CT and MRI.. In both implant techniques, microelectrode recording (MER) was used to better define the target. All DBS procedures were performed by a single surgeon (M.P.). @entity1 had postoperative imaging (MRI or CT) 4-24 h following surgery. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 implanted with the first targeting technique, 3 @entity1410 occurred and all of them solved with sequelae (one residual weakness and @entity1158 .) After the introduction of neuronavigator, 2 @entity548 occurred, one solved without sequelae while the second resulted in @entity302 . CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of @entity548 occurred before and after the use of neuronavigation is the same, the severity is lower in the neuronavigated procedures. Targeting based on the merging of CT angiography and MRI T1/T2 seemed to increase the safety of the lead placement reducing the risk of sequelae related to @entity548 . The use of MER was not found to be correlated with an increased @entity548 rate.

title: Comparison of the incidence of XXXX in two different planning techniques for stereotactic electrode placement in the deep brain stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['two hemiplegias']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: Aloe vera has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an immunomodulatory agent inducing anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role on the @entity1356 inflammatory cytokine production has not been studied. @entity1356 production is strictly regulated both at transcriptional and posttranslational levels through the activity of @entity5704 inflammasome. In this study we aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera on the molecular mechanisms of @entity5704 inflammasome-mediated @entity1356 production in LPS-activated @entity1 THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Our results show that Aloe vera significantly reduced @entity687 , @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity1356 cytokine production in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was substantially more pronounced in the primary cells. We found that Aloe vera inhibited the expression of @entity1356 , @entity5704 , @entity9302 as well as that of the @entity9896 in the LPS-induced primary macrophages. Furthermore, LPS-induced activation of signaling pathways like NF-kB, @entity1435 , @entity42853 were inhibited by Aloe vera in these cells. Altogether, we show for the first time that Aloe vera-mediated strong reduction of @entity1356 appears to be the consequence of the reduced expression of both @entity1356 as well as @entity5704 inflammasome components via suppressing specific signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, we show that the expression of the @entity855 sensor @entity9896 is also downregulated by Aloe vera that could also contribute to the attenuated @entity1356 cytokine secretion. These results may provide a new therapeutic approach to regulate inflammasome-mediated responses.

title: Aloe vera downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and expression of @entity5704 inflammasome in XXXX macrophages.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study was to assess the impact of @entity2247 over-expression on @entity0 survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received adequate loco-regional and systemic treatments were evaluated. @entity1 ' demographic, clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related and survival data were retrieved from their hospital files. @entity2247 , @entity172 / @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR), @entity1722 expression and Ki67 index of the @entity5 were determined immunohistochemically. As the primary objective, @entity2247 positive and negative @entity1 were compared in terms of overall ( @entity3012 ), disease-free (DFS) and @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS). Secondary objectives were to assess the independent prognostic factors for survival. In addition, the correlation of @entity2247 expression with conventional prognostic and predictive factors of @entity0 was assessed. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventeen @entity1 who underwent adequate @entity0 treatment between November 2004 and December 2013 were included in the study. The median follow-up was 37 months (range: 5-107). Eighty-one (37%) @entity1 were @entity2247 positive. @entity3012 , DFS, and BCSS were similar in @entity2247 positive and negative @entity1 . Ki67 index and age were significantly correlated with @entity2247 expression (r=-0.116; p=0.02; r=0.159; p=0.02). PR expression was found to be the only independent factor for predicting @entity3012 , @entity5 size and molecular subtype classification were found to be the only independent factors for predicting DFS, and PR expression was found to be the only independent factor for predicting BCSS. CONCLUSION: Among the independent predictive and prognostic factors of @entity0 , @entity2247 over-expression was only correlated with Ki67 index and age.

title: Impact of cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression on the prognosis of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5749 is the most common manifestation of @entity299 in the developed world and is associated with impaired quality of life and increased mortality. The pathogenesis of @entity5749 is complex and often, albeit not always, involves @entity3979 ( @entity1856 ) that reduce the ability of the coronary circulation to deliver appropriate blood supply to the myocardium. The coronary microcirculation can also play an important role. An imbalance between myocardial @entity26 supply and metabolic @entity26 demand causes the symptoms of @entity951 and represents a major therapeutic target. Rational treatment requires a multi-faceted approach combining lifestyle changes, aggressive management of modifiable @entity453 risk factors, pharmacological therapy and @entity296 when appropriate. Despite modern therapies, many @entity1 continue to suffer from @entity951 . Several new anti-anginal drugs have been introduced that might allow more effective symptom control. These novel agents have specific mechanisms of action and fewer side effects compared to conventional drugs. The combined use of traditional and novel treatments is likely to increase the proportion of @entity1 who are managed successfully with medical therapy alone. This article briefly reviews recent advances in the pharmacological management of @entity5749 , highlighting how an understanding of the prevailing pathogenic mechanisms in the individual @entity1 can aid appropriate selection of therapeutic strategies and improve clinical outcome.

title: Pharmacological treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial revascularisation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina', 'chronic stable angina pectoris', 'Chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['flow-limiting epicardial coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaques']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['chronic stable angina pectoris']


abstract: A five-day-old @entity1 was referred with a soft-tissue mass in his right upper arm. Plain radiographs and ultrasound demonstrated a lesion extending from the axilla to the elbow on the posterolateral aspect of the humerus. Open biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity154 . After MRI and selective angiography, excision biopsy was carried out, but no adjuvant therapy was administered. At further examination, four years and ten months later, he was noted to have three small nodules at the site of the original @entity5 . Excision biopsy confirmed this to be a local recurrence, although the lesion was less cellular with no appreciable mitotic activity. @entity154 is a rare cause of a soft-tissue mass in @entity1 . Most @entity5 are benign, and recurrence is uncommon. The treatment is controversial, but most centres recommend the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, combined with complete excision. We recommend treatment with @entity632 . Orthopaedic surgeons should be familiar with this @entity5 since 30% to 50% of cases occur in the limbs.

title: Recurrent @entity154 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital haemangiopericytoma', 'congenital haemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most critical global health issues. Potential curative therapies, including surgical resection, are offered to only a limited number of @entity1 . Therefore, new and effective treatment strategies are required. Recently, radiotherapy with @entity519 radiosensitizers has shown promise in @entity5 therapy. Our previous study demonstrated that radiosensitization produced by @entity11256 and @entity1311 was additive in vitro. This study was carried out to determine the synergistic effect of the two drugs in @entity19 @entity157 H22 cell xenograft-bearing BALB/c @entity19 in vivo. The morphology of the transplanted @entity5 was observed. The drug content in the blood and @entity5 of @entity19 was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The radiosensitizing effect on H22 cell xenograft-bearing @entity19 was evaluated in terms of @entity5 growth inhibition and survival. Expression of @entity519 inducible factor-1a ( @entity1965 ) was studied using immunohistochemistry. The morphological consequences on the H22 xenografts were consistent with the pathological characteristics of @entity157 . There was no significant difference in drug content in the blood and @entity5 between single drug and combination administration. The combination of the two drugs improved the radiosensitizing effect in vivo compared to single drug administration in an animal model. The changes in @entity1965 expression indirectly verified the above-mentioned results. This study may provide a new combination of radiosensitizers for @entity157 radiotherapy.

title: Improved radiosensitizing effect of the combination of @entity11256 and @entity1311 for XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Tubulointerstitial @entity82 is a common end-point of many @entity740 and contributes to the permanent @entity177 . There is increasing evidence that the profibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor @entity641 plays an essential role in this process by inducing the production of extracellular matrix proteins by tubular cells through an autocrine mechanism. We have previously demonstrated that the vasopeptide angiotensin (ANG) II induces @entity641 transcription and synthesis in cultured @entity19 proximal tubular cells (MCT cell line). Since the overall effects of @entity641 on a distinct target cell may also depend on the expression of specific cell surface receptors, the present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that @entity15395 modulates expression of @entity641 receptors in MCT cells. @entity15395 stimulated protein expression of @entity15136 , but not that of type I, in MCT cells as detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting of cell lysates. This stimulated receptor expression was also reflected in an overall increase in specific binding of 125I-labeled @entity641 to intact MCT cells. Coincubation with @entity15395 and an @entity14207 antagonist abolished this increase in 125I-labeled @entity641 binding. Furthermore, @entity15395 also increased steady-state mRNA expression for @entity15136 . This stimulation was transduced through @entity19729 receptors and was independent of @entity641 released into the culture medium. Transient transfection studies using various length enhancer/promoter elements of the @entity1 @entity15136 linked to the CAT gene revealed that @entity11346 sites are a necessary prerequisite for @entity15395 induced transcriptional activity. @entity15395 had no effect on @entity37354 protein or on mRNA expression in syngeneic mesangial cells. Our results provide for the first time convincing evidence that @entity15395 upregulates @entity15136 expression on proximal tubular cells. Since this subtype of receptor is primarily engaged in the initial binding of @entity641 , an increased receptor expression may result in amplification of the @entity641 effects on tubular cells. Interference with an activated renin-angiotensin system could therefore counteract the profibrogenic effects of @entity641 by abolishing @entity15395 induced expression of @entity15136 .

title: Angiotensin II stimulates expression of @entity15136 in cultured XXXX proximal tubular cells.

entities_list: @entity37354 :: ('21812;21813', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta receptor types I or II']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The clinical variations in undifferentiated @entity615 pose problems for those attempting to develop strategies for care. The objective of this work was to test a methodology for the experimental generation of clinical subgroups of @entity1 with such a complaint, so as to assist more structured study of its natural history and response to treatment. DESIGN: Cluster analysis of dichotomous symptomatic variables from computer-based case histories of three @entity1 cohorts. SETTING: Chiropractic and Orthopedic outpatient clinics. @entity1 : Three cohorts of new @entity1 with @entity615 whose symptoms were recorded in a highly standardized way using an interactive computer interview system. CRITERIA ASSESSED: Twenty-four aggravating, relieving and cyclic features of the @entity1 ' back complaints assessed for degrees of association and formation of reproducible clusters. RESULTS: Two main @entity1 categories were discerned: one with mechanical features and one that was cyclic. Most @entity1 were assignable to a group. Groupings were largely consistent across all three cohorts and were not related to @entity1 demographics. CONCLUSION: Reproducible and easily-recognized clinical subgroups of @entity615 @entity1 are possible by cluster analysis using dichotomous case-history variables. More definitive categorization should be obtainable by refining the variable selection and repeating the analysis for additional @entity1 cohorts. These subgroups have the potential to increase the relevance of natural history studies and clinical trials to the day-to-day management of the problem.

title: XXXX : the development of a classification system through cluster analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Rationalizing back pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4148 ( @entity4148 ) are one of non-motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of @entity4148 in @entity191 @entity1 and their relationship with age, gender, disease duration, treatment duration, L-dopa dose, and disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 101 @entity1 with @entity191 were recruited. Anamnesis was recorded with a focus on @entity551 , @entity4164 , @entity1282 , @entity1209 , @entity1277 , @entity353 , @entity1142 , @entity2183 , urgency, pollakiuria, difficulties in starting miction, @entity322 , @entity323 , sweating, heat/cold intolerance, and @entity19857 . Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's chi2 test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study group comprised 53 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 , aged 42-84 years, mean age 67.69 years. The disease duration was 1-25 years, mean 6.5 years, L-dopa treatment duration was 1-20 years, mean 6.04 years, L-dopa dose was 300-2000 mg/24 h, mean 636 mg/24 h, UPDRS score was 8-103 pts, mean 36.38 pts. @entity551 was found in approximately 16% of the @entity1 . As regards @entity344 , more than 40% of @entity1 suffered from @entity1142 , more than 32% from @entity1282 , almost 28% from @entity4164 , approximately 11% from @entity1277 , 6.93% from @entity353 , 2% from @entity1209 . The distribution of @entity790 was as follows: almost 85% of @entity1 had @entity323 , almost 57% @entity2183 , 24.78% @entity322 , approximately 22% pollakiuria, and almost 12% urgency and difficulties with erection. One-third of @entity191 @entity1 suffered from @entity19857 , 16.83% from sweating, and almost 9% from heat/cold intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent @entity4148 in @entity191 were: @entity323 , @entity2183 , @entity1142 , @entity1282 , and @entity19857 . Age correlated with @entity551 , @entity1142 , and @entity322 , and with @entity323 in @entity1 . @entity1 were predisposed to @entity353 and sweating. @entity1 were predisposed to difficulties in starting miction. Disease duration correlated with @entity1142 , @entity2183 , and @entity322 ; L-dopa treatment duration correlated with @entity1209 and @entity1142 ; L-dopa dose correlated with @entity1209 , @entity1142 , urgency, and heat/cold intolerance; disease stage correlated with @entity4164 , @entity1142 , sweating, and heat/cold intolerance.

title: [ XXXX in @entity191 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic disorders', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity4148 :: (MESH:D001342,Disease) :: ['Autonomic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the measurement properties of an Internet-based self-administered questionnaire in ascertaining cases of hip and @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Questionnaire data from 4269 Canadian subjects aged 45-85 were collected on hip and knee joint health including self-reported items on medically-diagnosed hip and knee @entity571 and joint replacement. A sub-cohort of 100 subjects was recruited for clinical examination. The self-reported outcomes were evaluated using the American College of Rheumatology clinical classification criteria for hip and knee @entity571 as the gold standard for clinical verification. Analysis was at the joint level (200 knees, 200 hips). Validity was examined using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values; to account for correlated joints of the same subject, bootstrapping was performed to yield valid 95% confidence interval (CI's). RESULTS: Self-reported measures for a medical diagnosis of knee @entity571 had a positive predictive value of 86%, negative predictive value 91%, sensitivity 73% and specificity 96% for correctly identifying clinical knee @entity571 . For hip @entity571 , the values were 61%, 98%, 81% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSION: Internet self-report of medically-diagnosed hip and knee @entity571 in metro Vancouver residents correctly identified most cases and non-cases of clinical @entity571 when compared with the ACR clinical classification criteria gold standard. In particular, specificity was very high, important in risk factor studies due to the profound effect of even small losses in specificity on the measure of association. The findings provide evidence that these questionnaire case definitions have utility for identifying hip and knee @entity571 in community and population-based studies when the purpose is to link potential risk factors with knee and hip health.

title: Clinical validation of an Internet-based questionnaire for ascertaining hip and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Two @entity1 with @entity5 of the right colon fistulized in duodenum underwent simultaneous right hemicolectomies and cephalic duodenopancreatectomies. There were no important post-operative complications and they are both alive eleven and ten years after surgery. In another case a piece of duodenum adherent to colon was resected and the duodenum was transversally sutured, segments IV and V of the liver were also resected because of a infiltration. The @entity1 is well more than three years after surgery. Another similar @entity1 who underwent resection of a part of the duodenum during a right hemicolectomy due to @entity420 , developed the head of the pancreas ten months later which was resected by means of a cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. He survived the second operation for three years and a half and died with @entity189 . A fourth female @entity1 who had been referred due to @entity1087 caused by @entity5 was reoperated two months later with resection of the @entity5 Seven months after duodenopancreatectomy she underwent another operation for resection of a bleeding @entity188 by means of anterior resection. She survived for four and a half years. Cancers of body and tail of the pancreas sometimes invade the left colon and make necessary resection in the same operation. This happened in four other cases. In two of them it was necessary to resect stomach and the first jejunal loop. Respective survivals were of two years and nine months in two cases, others are 4111 alive more than two years after surgery. But the fourth case, who had an @entity189 , died a month later with en hepatic @entity3 which grew rapidly. The opposite happened to the tenth @entity1 because @entity694 invaded @entity788 , that were partially resected. The @entity1 is alive two and a half years later.

title: [Pancreatic and colonic simultaneous or successive resections of @entity5 in both organs, duodenum infiltrating @entity694 and XXXX invading left colon. Report 10 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and stomach']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cephalopancreatic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis', 'acinar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas tail carcinoma']


abstract: The developmental program controlling sperm formation occurs in multiple stages that sequentially involve mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. The transcriptional mechanisms regulating these distinct phases are poorly understood. In particular, while a required role for the germ cell transcription factor @entity1919 response element modulator-tau during spermiogenesis has recently been demonstrated, the transcriptional mechanisms leading to early haploid cell formation are unknown. The @entity35 and @entity19 @entity10971 genes are selectively expressed from an alternate, germ cell-specific promoter in meiotic and early haploid cells. In this study, the minimal @entity35 @entity10971 germ line promoter was localized to a 116-bp region encompassing the transcriptional start site region. Further, a proximal 51-bp sequence located in the 5'-flanking region is absolutely required for germ line promoter activity. This 51 bp sequence corresponds to a previously characterized binding element ( @entity43713 ) that forms cell-specific complexes with @entity35 spermatogenic cell nuclear factors distinct from @entity1919 response element binding proteins. Further, @entity43713 contains novel direct repeat sequences required for factor binding and transgene expression in spermatogenic cells. These repeat elements are highly similar to sequences within the active regions of other male germ line promoters expressed during meiosis. @entity43713 may therefore contain transcriptional elements that participate more generally during meiosis in the differentiation of spermatocytes and early haploid spermatids.

title: Novel repeat elements direct @entity35 XXXX transcription during spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity10971 :: (29237(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['proenkephalin']


abstract: Seventy-three @entity1 underwent total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy, creation of J or S ileal reservoir, and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 from 1982 to 1989. Mean follow-up was 38 months, with a minimum of 3 months in 15 @entity1 being followed long-term at another institution. Forty-eight (66%) @entity1 had histologically proven @entity31 and 25 (34%) @entity1 had @entity1412 . Thirty-eight J reservoirs and 35 S reservoirs were constructed. There were no perioperative @entity204 . The failure rate (loss of pouch) was 3%. Thirty-six complications in 34 (47%) @entity1 were reported, 14 (19%) @entity1 required surgery. @entity1744 was the most common @entity260 (16%), followed by @entity5042 (15%), and cuff @entity281 (5%). Seventy-eight percent of the complications were associated with the J pouch. Average stool frequency at 1 year was 4 per 24-hour period. Other complications included @entity86 (1), @entity3030 (1), and temporary @entity250 (1). Seven of 15 complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in the first 2 years of the study period, illustrating the learning curve associated with the procedure. @entity190 , transfusion requirements, and length of operation were not associated with higher complication rates. Use of the J pouch and experience of the individual surgeon affected morbidity.

title: Complications associated with ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Between January 1, 1991 until December 31, 1996, 286 @entity1 with @entity1149 were diagnosed and treated in the Department of @entity378 and @entity1576 and Palliative Care Unit in Babice nad Svitavou, Czech Republic. There were 251 (87.8%) males and 35 (12.2%) females. The mean age of the whole group was 63.8 years. According to TNM staging (regarding the locoregional extension of the disease) as the only criterion 112 @entity1 (39.2%) were eligible for surgical resection of primary @entity5 . However lung surgery was performed in 57 @entity1 (19.9%) with successful radical resection in 49 cases (17.1%) out of 286. Surgical procedure was contraindicated in 55 (49.1%) out of 112 potentially resectable @entity1 mostly because of limited cardiopulmonary function. The strategy of neoadjuvant treatment before the resection of @entity5 was used for 12 (4.2%) @entity1 . Chemotherapy, radiotherapy or the combination of both treatment modalities was used in 121 (42.3%) @entity1 . Symptomatic therapy alone was chosen in 104 (36.4%) cases. The performance of radical resection of @entity5 resulted in a significant influence on the overall survival in the subgroup of all @entity1 with potentially locoregionally operable disease according to the TNM staging. The median survival period reached 17 months if radical resection was done compared to 8.5 months if radical resection was not performed. This difference is statistically significant, p = 0.05.

title: The limits of surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumour', 'lung tumours']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Diseases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major side-effects of bevacizumab in @entity11 treatment are @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). We retrospectively evaluated factors potentially predictive of @entity1031 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Bevacizumab, alone or in combination with chemotherapy was used as salvage therapy for recurrence in @entity11 every two weeks. None but one patient received anti-coagulants. Before each bevacizumab cycle differential blood cell count, kidney and liver parameters, D-dimers, neurological status, body-mass index, vital signs and signs of @entity49 were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 received 428 cycles of bevacizumab. In five @entity1 (13%), six @entity1211 were observed. These complications were preceded four weeks before the onset of symptoms by D-dimer elevation above 0.865 mg/l [p<0.0001; sensitivity=89% (95% confidence interval=83-93%); specificity=89% (95% CI=52-100%)]. An existing @entity1269 constituted a 27-fold risk elevation for @entity715 (p<0.0001,   (2)-test). CONCLUSION: D-Dimer elevation or @entity1269 predict @entity1211 under bevacizumab and chemotherapy, four weeks before the event becomes clinically apparent. Future investigations should determine if prophylactic anti-coagulants for @entity1 at risk may reduce the risk of @entity1211 .

title: D-dimer elevation and paresis predict XXXX during bevacizumab therapy for recurrent @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complication']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolic events']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic events']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine for the first time the prevalence of @entity227 and @entity1939 among adults in Spain, to explore regional differences, and to assess whether they may vary as a function of sex or be explained by age and individual or regional socioeconomic position. DESIGN: Data were obtained from the 2008 Spanish Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy, and Dependency Situations, a cross-sectional survey based on a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population of Spain. @entity1 : The sample was composed of 213   626 @entity1 aged >= 15 years (103   093 @entity1 and 110 533 @entity1 ); 360 were blind (160 @entity1 and 200 @entity1 ), 4048 had near @entity227 (1397 @entity1 and 2651 @entity1 ), and 4034 had distance @entity227 (1445 @entity1 and 2589 @entity1 ). METHODS: The prevalence of near and distance @entity227 was calculated for each region. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were stratified by sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity227 was based on 3 questions aimed at identifying @entity1939 and near and distance @entity227 . RESULTS: The prevalence (percentage) of @entity1939 was 0.17 ( @entity1 , 0.16; @entity1 , 0.18): 1.89 for near @entity227 ( @entity1 , 1.36; @entity1 , 2.40), 1.89 for distance @entity227 ( @entity1 , 1.40; @entity1 , 2.34), and 2.43 for any @entity227 ( @entity1 , 1.81; @entity1 , 3.02). Regional inequalities in the prevalence of @entity227 were observed, correlated with regional income, and the prevalence was consistently higher among @entity1 than @entity1 . The magnitude of the inequalities remained after adjusting for age and educational level, and a north-to-south pattern of increasing prevalence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Regional and sex inequalities in the prevalence of @entity227 and @entity1939 were observed in Spain, with a north-to-south gradient of increasing prevalence that was not explained by age or individual educational level but was correlated with regional level of economic development. Factors that could be prioritized for future policies and research include differential regional economic development, rural environment, quality of eye care services, @entity6 , ultraviolet light exposure, or gender inequalities in diagnostic and therapeutic health care.

title: XXXX and @entity1939 in spanish adults: geographic inequalities are not explained by age or education.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual impairment', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Colon capsule endoscopy has already been used for colon visualization and detection of @entity1127 but its applicability to inflammatory @entity29 is still unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating the severity of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) using a second-generation colon capsule endoscope (CCE-2). METHODS: Forty @entity1 with histological confirmed diagnosis of @entity31 were enrolled. Low-volume (2   L) @entity968 solution with prokinetics ( @entity21087 and @entity1769 ) regimen was used for the bowel preparation. In Phase 1, consisting of 10 @entity1 , to confirm appropriate CCE-2 bowel preparation for @entity31 . In Phase 2, consisting of 30 @entity1 , CCE-2 was performed with a fixed bowel preparation regimen. CCE-2 findings were recorded for 8   h starting from capsule ingestion and conventional colonoscopy was subsequently performed on the same day. CCE-2 procedure completion rate and the colon cleansing level with a 4-point grading scale (poor, fair, good, and excellent) were evaluated in Phase 2. Correlations between Matts endoscopic scores as judged by CCE-2 and conventional colonoscopy were calculated. RESULTS: CCE-2 procedure was completed within 8   h in 69% of the @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 with good or excellent cleansing level was below 50%. However, Matts endoscopic scores determined by CCE-2 showed a strong correlation with scores obtained by conventional colonoscopy (average      =   0.797). CONCLUSIONS: Although modifications in bowel preparation are needed, CCE-2 might be feasible for assessing the severity of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity31 .

title: Applicability of second-generation colon capsule endoscope to XXXX : a clinical feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity21087 :: ('MESH:C062720', 'Chemical') :: ['mosapride citrate']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the lack of conclusive evidence supporting this treatment modality, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) prior to radical surgery is a commonly accepted strategy to manage locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Radical hysterectomy in chemotherapy-treated @entity1 can be technically challenging due to large volume of @entity66 , @entity2269 , and loss of normal tissue planes as a result of the cytotoxic treatment. We sought to assess whether surgical outcomes of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and its open counterpart are equivalent in the setting of NACT. METHODS: Prospectively maintained databases of five gynecologic oncology services were searched for stage @entity3847 -IIB cervical @entity5 @entity1 undergoing surgery after NACT. LRH and open radical hysterectomy (RAH) @entity1 were compared with respect to perioperative outcomes and mid-term survival. Adjustment for potential selection bias in surgical approach was made with @entity7607 ( @entity7607 ) matching. RESULTS: LRH cases (n  =  68) were associated with lower-stage, lower-grade @entity5 compared with RAH group (n  =  273). When @entity1 were grouped by stage at presentation ( @entity3847 -IIA and IIB), complication rates and perioperative outcomes were equivalent between LRH and RAH groups. LRH offered less @entity190 , lower transfusion rate, and shorter hospitalization. These differences remained significant after @entity7607 matching. In the @entity7607 -matched cohort, Cox proportional hazards model including @entity5 stage, grade, histotype, nodal status, institution, and time period of surgery showed that laparoscopic approach was not associated with impaired survival. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic approach seems a valuable alternative to open surgery for @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity189 who have received NACT.

title: Laparoscopic versus open radical hysterectomy for stage XXXX -IIB cervical @entity5 in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a multi-institutional cohort study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7607 :: ('MESH:C563324', 'Disease') :: ['propensity score', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity3847 :: (23542,Gene) :: ['IB2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of the consequences of major @entity130 have traditionally focused on mortality rates. The aims of this study were, firstly, to investigate the long-term functional health status in a large, unselected group of severely injured @entity1 and to compare this with normative data, and secondly, to explore relations between functional health status and personal and injury characteristics. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed at the University Medical Centre Utrecht (a level-1 @entity130 centre) in The Netherlands. Consecutive survivors of major @entity130 (ISS>or=16; >16 years of age) were included from January 1999 until December 2000. After an average of 15 months (range 12-18 months), 335 of the 359 eligible @entity1 (response rate 93%) participated. @entity130 characteristics were retrieved from a hospital-based registration system. Functional health status was measured using the 136-item Sickness impact profile (SIP). Co-morbidity was assessed at the follow-up examination using a standard list of 26 conditions. RESULTS: Subjects were 249 @entity1 and 86 @entity1 , mean age 37.7 years, mean ISS was 24.9 (S.D.=10.6). Almost, three quarters were traffic victims. Mean hospital stay was 25 days (S.D.=23.4). Discharge destination was home in 70% of all subjects. At follow-up, the mean overall SIP score was 9.3 (S.D.=10.1), which means mild to moderate disability. The mean score on the physical function dimension was 7.2 (S.D.=9.8) and that on psychosocial function was 8.7 (S.D.=12.0). Most problems were experienced in the categories of Work, Ambulation, Home Management, Recreation and Pastimes, and Alertness Behaviour. Scores of younger subjects deviated more strongly from the norm scores than those of elderly @entity1 . @entity130 , especially lesions of traumatic brain and spinal cord and extremity injuries, was a predictor of both psychosocial and physical functioning after more than 1 year. The most important predictors, however, were age and co-morbidity.

title: Long-term functional health status of severely injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Type of injury', 'Demographic and injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine which method of mobilization - (1) @entity7047 ( @entity7047 ) and continuous passive motion (CPM), (2) @entity7047 and slider board (SB) therapy, using an inexpensive, nontechnical device that requires minimal knee active range of motion (ROM), or (3) @entity7047 alone-achieved the maximum degree of knee ROM in the fIrst 6 months following primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ). The secondary purpose was to compare health-related quality of life among these 3 groups. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 120 @entity1 (n=40/group) who received a @entity1041 at a teaching hospital between June 1997 and July 1998 and who agreed to participate in the study. METHODS: Subjects were examined preoperatively, at discharge, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The examination consisted of measurement of knee ROM and completion of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) @entity571 Index and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: The 3 treatment groups were similar with respect to age, sex, and diagnosis at the start of the study. There were no differences in knee ROM or in WOMAC @entity571 Index or SF-36 scores at any of the measurement intervals. The rate of @entity260 also was not different among the groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When postoperative rehabilitation regimens that focus on early mobilization of the @entity1 are used, adjunct ROM therapies (CPM and SB) that are added to daily @entity7047 sessions are not required. Six months after @entity1041 , @entity1 attain a satisfactory level of knee ROM and function.

title: Exercise combined with continuous passive motion or slider board therapy compared with exercise only: a randomized controlled trial of XXXX following @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'standardized exercises']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Th17 cells and @entity4155 play a role in the development and progression of @entity56 . We analyzed the @entity4155 levels in sputum supernatants (Ss), nasal wash (NW) and plasma (P) from Healthy Controls (HC) and @entity1 with @entity565 / @entity2490 . We tested the expression of @entity4155 , RORy(t) and @entity403 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from intermittent and mild-moderate @entity565 . The effect of @entity4184 and @entity6410 was tested "in vitro" on @entity4155 , RORy(t) and @entity403 expression in cultured T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 @entity1 , and on nasal and bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with NW and Ss from mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 . Further, the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with @entity4184 and @entity6410 was tested "in vivo" in T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 @entity1 . @entity4155 was increased in Ss, NW and P from @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity565 compared with intermittent and HC. In cultured T-lymphocytes @entity4155 and RORy(t) expression were higher in mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 than in mild-moderate @entity565 /intermittent @entity2490 , while @entity403 was reduced. @entity4184 with @entity6410 reduced @entity4155 and RORy(t), while increased @entity403 in cultured T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 , and reduced the @entity687 release mediated by @entity4155 present in NW and Ss from mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 in nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Finally, @entity4184 with @entity6410 reduced @entity4155 levels in P and Ss, CD4(+) @entity4155 (+)T-cells, in na  ve @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity565 /persistent @entity2490 after 12 weeks of treatment. Th17 mediated immunity may be involved in the airway disease of @entity1 with @entity56 and @entity2023 . @entity4184 with @entity6410 might be a useful tool for its therapeutic control.

title: Th17 immunity in XXXX with @entity56 and @entity2490 : a pharmacological approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']