abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Although a large amount of data supports resection for symptomatic diffuse @entity11 ( @entity11 ), the therapeutic strategy regarding incidental @entity11 (ILGG) is still a matter of debate. Indeed, early "preventive" surgery has recently been proposed in asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity11 , after showing that the extent of resection was larger than in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity11 . However, the quality of life should be preserved by avoiding both @entity51 and @entity302 . The aim of this study was to determine the risk of @entity410 related to such a prophylactic surgical treatment in ILGG. METHODS The authors report a prospective series of 21 @entity1 with ILGG who underwent awake surgery with a minimum follow-up of 20 months following resection. Data regarding clinicoradiological features, surgical procedures, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. In particular, the eventual occurrence and type of @entity410 in the intra- and postoperative periods were studied, as follows: early (< 3 months) and long-term (until last follow-up) periods. RESULTS There were no intraoperative @entity410 in this series. During the early postoperative period, the authors observed only a single episode of partial @entity410 in a @entity1 with no antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis-all other @entity1 were given antiepileptic treatment following resection. The AEDs were discontinued in all cases, with a mean delay of 8 months after surgery (range 3-24 months). No @entity1 had permanent @entity51 . All 21 @entity1 returned to an active familial, social, and professional life (working full time in all cases). Total or even "supratotal" resection (the latter meaning that a margin around the @entity5 visible on FLAIR-weighted MRI was removed) was achieved in 14 cases (67%). In 7 @entity1 (33%) subtotal resection was performed, with a mean residual @entity5 volume of 1.5 ml (range 1-7 ml). No oncological treatment was administered in the postsurgical period. The mean follow-up after surgery was 49 months (range 20-181 months). Only 2 @entity1 had @entity410 during the long-term follow-up. Indeed, due to @entity5 progression after incomplete resection, @entity410 occurred in 2 cases, 39 and 78 months postsurgery, leading to administration of AEDs and adjuvant treatment. So far, all @entity1 are still alive and enjoy a normal life. CONCLUSIONS The risk of inducing @entity410 is very low in ILGG, and it does not represent an argument against early surgery. These data strongly support the proposal of a screening policy for @entity11 that will evolve toward a preventive treatment in a more systematic manner.

title: Is there a risk of XXXX in "preventive" awake surgery for incidental diffuse low-grade @entity11 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study what comorbid conditions were present at baseline and 3years later in a cohort of Spanish @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 , to compare comorbidity with both @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and control groups and to analyze the role of comorbidity as predictor of mortality. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven non-demented @entity191 @entity1 (57.1% males; 70.9  8.6years old) were included in this 36months follow-up (2012-2015), monocenter, evaluation study. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision ( @entity1479 -10), Charlson Index (CI), Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure (ECM) were used to assess comorbidity at baseline and at 3years. Forty-four @entity195 @entity1 and 44 control subjects were included as comparator groups. RESULTS: Total number of comorbidities ( @entity1479 -10) and polypharmacy at baseline were higher in @entity191 and @entity195 @entity1 than controls (4.4  2.3 vs 5.2  2.4 vs 3.4  1.9 [p=0.001] and 81.6% vs 75% vs 56.8% [p=0.003], respectively). @entity262 ( @entity1479 -10/chapter-IX) and @entity3904 ( @entity1479 -10/chapter-IV) were the most frequent in all groups. There was a significant increase in comorbidity (mean, +1.6  2.8) in all groups (p<0.0001) without differences between them. Seventeen @entity1 died and 8 cases were did not follow-up. Comorbidity was a predictor of @entity204 in @entity191 @entity1 after adjust for other covariates (including age, sex, disease duration, disease stage, motor status and non-motor symptoms): @entity1479 -10 (total number of comorbidities), hazard ratio 1.285 (95% confidence interval, 1.047-1.577; p=0.017); CI, hazard ratio 1.462 (95% confidence interval, 1.045-2.047; p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity is frequent in @entity191 @entity1 , increases significantly over time and predicts mortality.

title: Comorbid conditions associated with @entity191 : A longitudinal and comparative study with XXXX and control subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Diseases of the circulatory system']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3904 :: ('MESH:D009750', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells has been successful therapy for small numbers of @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), but requires prior myeloconditioning. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) escape immune recognition, so myeloconditioning is not required before their administration. We investigated the efficacy of allogeneic MSCs in @entity1 with luminal @entity30 . METHODS: Our phase 2, open-label, multicenter study included 16 @entity1 (21-55 y old; 6 @entity1 ) with infliximab- or adalimumab-refractory, endoscopically confirmed, active luminal @entity30 ( @entity30 activity index [CDAI], >250). Subjects were given intravenous infusions of allogeneic MSCs (2   10(6) cells/kg body weight) weekly for 4 weeks. The primary end point was clinical response (decrease in CDAI >100 points) 42 days after the first MSC administration; secondary end points were clinical remission (CDAI, <150), endoscopic improvement (a @entity30 endoscopic index of severity [CDEIS] value, <3 or a decrease by >5), quality of life, level of @entity1851 , and safety. RESULTS: Among the 15 @entity1 who completed the study, the mean CDAI score was reduced from 370 (median, 327; range, 256-603) to 203 (median, 129) at day 42 (P < .0001). The mean CDAI scores decreased after each MSC infusion (370 before administration, 269 on day 7, 240 on day 14, 209 on day 21, 182 on day 28, and 203 on day 42). Twelve @entity1 had a clinical response (80%; 95% confidence interval, 72%-88%; mean reduction in CDAI, 211; range 102-367), 8 had clinical remission (53%; range, 43%-64%; mean CDAI at day 42, 94; range, 44-130). Seven @entity1 had endoscopic improvement (47%), for whom the mean CDEIS scores decreased from 21.5 (range, 3.3-33) to 11.0 (range, 0.3-18.5). One @entity1 had a serious adverse event (2 @entity1141 -associated lesions), but this probably was not caused by MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: In a phase 2 study, administration of allogeneic MSCs reduced CDAI and CDEIS scores in @entity1 with luminal @entity30 refractory to biologic therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01090817.

title: A phase 2 study of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for luminal XXXX refractory to biologic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity65 are a leading cause of @entity204 in the majority of developed, as well as in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in student population and to suggest possible measures for prevention. METHODS: The study was carried out during 2007-2008 at the School of Medicine, University of @entity22412 . It included 824 students in their final year (220 males, 604 females). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in prevalence of @entity101 among the male (1.81%) and female students (0%). The prevalence of @entity28 (Body Mass Index - BMI > 30 kg/m2) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the male (7.27%) than in the female population (1.32%). @entity1144 was also more frequently encountered (p < 0.01) in the male (9.09%) than in female population (1.32%). Every fourth student smoked cigarettes with no significant difference between the male and female students. @entity167 consumption was a significantly higher problem (p < 0.001) in the male population (18.18%) than in the female one (2.65%). Physical inactivity was more often found (p < 0.001) in the female students (65.56%), than in male ones (36.36%). By the bivariate correlation of cardiovascular risk factors, it was determined that in the male student population systolic blood pressure correlated significantly with diastolic blood pressure, BMI and waist size, whereas age correlated with sistolic blood pressure, waist size and smoking. In the female students sistolic blood pressure correlated with diastolic blood pressure, BMI and waist size; diastolic blood pressure correlated with BMI and physical inactivity; cigarette smoking correlated with @entity167 consumption and age. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors are present in the final-year students of the School of Medicine, University of @entity22412 . It is necessary to insist on decreasing @entity28 prevalence, cigarette and @entity167 consumption, and on increasing physical activity of students in order to prevent @entity65 .

title: [Risk factors for the occurrence of XXXX in students].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular system diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given the paucity of data regarding the patterns of @entity3 from @entity43 (SCSTs), we sought to determine the risk of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with SCSTs. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed after clinical and pathology databases were queried for ovarian SCST @entity1 who were treated at our institution between 1985 and 2005. RESULTS: We identified 262 @entity1 with pathology-confirmed ovarian SCSTs; 5 had additional non-stromal histology and were excluded, leaving 257 evaluable @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 178 had adult granulosa cell @entity5 , 27 had juvenile granulosa cell @entity5 , 31 had @entity10693 , 6 had sex @entity4097 with annular tubules, 13 had mixed SCSTs, and 2 had SCSTs not otherwise specified. Our evaluation showed that 111 @entity1 underwent a complete or partial staging procedure; 75 had stage I disease, 11 had @entity34 , and 25 had @entity5 . Fifty-eight of these 111 @entity1 (52%) had lymph nodes removed as part of the staging procedure. Of the 58 @entity1 who had lymph nodes sampled during the primary surgery, none had positive nodes. Of 117 @entity1 whose disease eventually recurred, 6 @entity1 (5.1%) had nodal metastases at the time of recurrence. Three of these @entity1 had negative lymph nodes at initial staging. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node @entity3 in ovarian SCSTs is rare. These findings suggest that lymphadenectomy may be omitted when staging @entity1 with ovarian SCSTs.

title: Patterns of XXXX in sex @entity4097 of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity10693 :: ('MESH:D018310', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A low-efficiency yield hinders the use of stem cells as a source of endothelial cells (ECs) for therapeutic vascularization, and the diversity of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) superfamily has undermined understanding the effects of its potent vascularization-inducing. Herein, we studied the role of the TGF-b superfamily in EC differentiation of @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by @entity22345 and @entity22344 /8 signaling. MSCs that had been sorted by flow cytometry as @entity18518 -negative were cultured for 14 days in medium supplemented with @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) and @entity664 ( @entity664 ) as the control. The @entity22345 pathway was activated by @entity1810 and @entity22344 /8 by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the early phase in the @entity22345 -activated group, there were 10% @entity18518 -positive cells, which was significantly higher than in the control group. A low @entity22344 /8 phosphorylation level after @entity17412 activation doubled the number of @entity18518 -positive cells, while a higher phosphorylation level after BMP9 activation showed no effect. A @entity22345 inhibitor initially blocked differentiation but later promoted it, while a @entity22344 /8 inhibitor reversed the induction observed with BMPs. Moreover, the positive effects of R-Smad on differentiation were weakened by the @entity6667 neutralizing antibody, and a @entity15927 inhibitor decreased @entity6667 expression and blocked differentiation in both the early and late phases. In conclusion, differentiation of ECs from MSCs via @entity22345 signaling is stage dependent. Activation, particularly by @entity15927 , significantly promotes differentiation at an early phase but later is suppressive. A low @entity22344 /8 phosphorylation level has a positive effect, and R-Smad effects are partly mediated by @entity6667 .

title: R-Smad Signaling-Mediated XXXX Expression Coordinately Regulates Endothelial Cell Differentiation of @entity35 Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity6667 :: (83785(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: There is an urgent need to make drug discovery cheaper and faster. This will enable the development of treatments for diseases currently neglected for economic reasons, such as @entity395 , and generally increase the supply of new drugs. Here, we report the Robot Scientist 'Eve' designed to make drug discovery more economical. A Robot Scientist is a laboratory automation system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to discover scientific knowledge through cycles of experimentation. Eve integrates and automates library-screening, hit-confirmation, and lead generation through cycles of quantitative structure activity relationship learning and testing. Using econometric modelling we demonstrate that the use of AI to select compounds economically outperforms standard drug screening. For further efficiency Eve uses a standardized form of assay to compute Boolean functions of compound properties. These assays can be quickly and cheaply engineered using synthetic biology, enabling more targets to be assayed for a given budget. Eve has repositioned several drugs against specific targets in parasites that cause @entity66 . One validated discovery is that the anti- @entity5 compound @entity10822 is a potent inhibitor of @entity9796 reductase from the @entity311 -causing parasite @entity3965 .

title: Cheaper faster drug development validated by the repositioning of drugs against neglected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['tropical and orphan diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['tropical diseases']


abstract: Short-chain @entity8595 dehydrogenase ( @entity57423 ) catalyzes the first matrix step in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation cycle with optimal activity toward @entity54488 - and @entity57424 . Two common variants of this enzyme encoding @entity57425 and @entity57426 substitutions have been identified at an increased frequency compared to the general population in @entity1 with a wide variety of clinical problems, but functional studies of the purified mutant enzymes have shown only modestly changed kinetic properties. Moreover, both @entity535 residues are located quite far from the catalytic pocket and the essential FAD cofactor. To clarify the potential relationship of these variants to clinical disease, we have further investigated their thermodynamic properties using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Purified @entity57426 @entity57423 exhibited almost identical physical and redox properties to wild-type but only half of the specific activity and substrate activation shifts observed in wild-type enzyme. In contrast, the @entity57425 mutant proved to have impairments of both its kinetic and electron transfer properties. Spectroelectrochemical studies reveal that @entity57425 binding to the substrate/product couple produces an enzyme potential shift of only +88 mV, which is not enough to make the reaction thermodynamically favorable. For wild-type @entity57423 , this barrier is overcome by a negative shift in the substrate/product couple midpoint potential, but in @entity57425 this activation was not observed. When @entity57425 was substrate bound, the midpoint potential of the enzyme actually shifted more negative. These results provide valuable insight into the mechanistic basis for dysfunction of the common variant hSCADs and demonstrate that mutations, regardless of their position in the protein structure, can have a large impact on the redox properties of the enzyme.

title: Biochemical and electrochemical characterization of two variant XXXX short-chain @entity8595 dehydrogenases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity57424 :: ('MESH:C044181', 'Chemical') :: ['hexanoyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After low anterior resection of @entity189 , @entity834 are common and may be clinically silent. @entity854 related to this leakage may be confusing and may persist for years without symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance of these leaks on barium enemas and CT scans and to determine their course over time. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During a 7-year period, we collected CT scans and barium enemas in 35 @entity1 with @entity834 after low anterior resection. A leak was documented by the presence of rectal contrast material in an extraluminal collection, endoscopic visualization of anastomotic breakdown, or persistence of presacral air longer than 6 months after surgery. Twenty @entity1 had examinations in the immediate postoperative period and 25 @entity1 had 42 studies in the long-term follow-up period (6 months to 10 years). The CT appearance was compared with that in 40 @entity1 who did not have evidence of leaks after low anterior resection. RESULTS: Abnormalities consisted of air-fluid collections in the presacral space, extraperitoneal tracking along the iliac vessels, and perirectal anterior extension. Collections tended to diminish, but some air and soft-tissue masses persisted for months or years (up to 10 years in one case). In 70% of @entity1 without leaks, no soft-tissue abnormality was apparent in the presacral space. In both groups of @entity1 , the presacral space was widened and the rectum was anteriorly located, more so in @entity1 with leaks than in those without. Seven @entity1 had recurrent @entity5 . In the late stages, bulky soft-tissue masses obliterated the residual air and soft-tissue abnormality due to the leak. CONCLUSION: Radiologists should be aware of the spectrum of findings due to @entity834 after low anterior resection and the persistence of @entity854 . Delayed symptoms mimic those of recurrence, and radiologic findings may be confusing. On some CT scans, it may not be possible to tell the difference, but changes due solely to leaks must be included in the differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX after low anterior resection for @entity189 : evaluation with CT and barium enema.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['presacral abnormalities', 'Radiologic abnormalities']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic leaks']


abstract: We have investigated in @entity1707 the effect of fish oil additives to a butter- @entity165 hyperlipidemic diet (BT) on atherogenesis and thrombogenesis when average plasma @entity165 levels were kept similar in fish oil-treated and untreated BT groups. The studies included evaluation of lesion sizes and cell numbers, counts of adherent monocytes over lesions, and counts of @entity1423 (microthrombi) over lesions either attached directly to endothelium or to adherent monocytes. Anatomic sites studied for lesion development were the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the distal 1/5 of the abdominal aorta, and a proximal portion of the thoracic aorta. Counts of attached monocytes and @entity1423 were made by scanning electron microscopy only for the LAD and expressed per mm2 of surface. The most striking new result was in regard to the @entity1423 . These were reduced by the fish oil from 996 +/- 295/mm2 in the untreated BT group to 313 +/- 59 and 364 +/- 105 in BT+cod liver oil and BT+menhaden oil groups, respectively. Most of the @entity1423 were adherent to attached monocytes in all groups and the number of attached monocytes were greatly reduced by the fish oil additive. Thus there were close relationships among @entity1423 , monocytes, and lesion endothelium. Numbers of attachments over nonlesion endothelium were much less than those over lesions in all dietary groups. The most surprising result was the lack of @entity75 growth by the fish oil additives in spite of the reduction in attached monocytes and @entity1423 . In previous studies where the high plasma @entity165 levels in the BT @entity1707 had been modestly reduced (about 25%) there had been a marked @entity75 growth. The current result suggests that plasma @entity165 is the major factor controlling lesion growth in this model through under milder conditions and longer observation periods other factors might become apparent.

title: Dietary fish oil reduces microthrombi over atherosclerotic lesions in hyperlipidemic XXXX even in the absence of plasma @entity165 reduction.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['retardation of lesion']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet clumps']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: AIM: We investigated the effect of the new @entity5 -, node-, metastasis- (TNM) classification on predicting and discriminating @entity356 @entity1 prognosis using the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. @entity1 AND METHODS: From the SEER-database we retrieved @entity356 @entity1 with a primary @entity420 , of Caucasian or Asian ethnicity and without distant metastases (M0). The pTNM-stage was determined according to the 7th edition of the union internationale contre le @entity5 (UICC) guidelines. RESULTS: Spanning the period 2004-2010, 6136 @entity1 fulfilled all inclusion criteria including 3424 (55.8%) @entity1 , 2712 (44.2%) @entity1 , 4629 (75.4%) Caucasian and 1507 (24.6%) Asian @entity1 . 1524 (24.8%) @entity1 underwent total gastrectomy and 4612 (75.2%) non-total gastrectomy. Only in 41.2% of the @entity1 were >15 lymph nodes resected. 1857 (31.0%) @entity1 received radiotherapy. @entity1 survival depended on ethnicity, type of surgery and radiotherapy. The discriminating value of the UICC-stage grouping could not be validated for Caucasian @entity1 with >15 lymph nodes resected and who had not received radiotherapy: stage groups IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC showed substantial overlap in survival ranges. In addition, the @entity5 specific survival of the different T-/N-combinations was significantly different in stage groups IIIB and IIIC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective analysis of the SEER-database does not validate the discriminating value of stage grouping of the 7th edition of the UICC-stage grouping. A revision should be considered and more reliable prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed.

title: Validating the prognostic and discriminating value of the TNM-classification for XXXX - A critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) arising from the right ventricular inflow (RVI) region is uncommon. There is minimal literature on the clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics of RVI @entity1165 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 with RVI @entity1165 who underwent electrophysiology study between 2006 and 2011 was performed. @entity1 with structural @entity299 (including arrhythmogenic @entity4266 ) were excluded. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 underwent an electrophysiology study for @entity1165 arising from the right ventricle during the study period. Nine @entity1 (13%) met the inclusion criteria for RVI @entity1165 and were the subject of this analysis. The median age was 46 years (range, 14-71), and @entity1165 cycle length was 295 milliseconds (range, 279-400 milliseconds). All VTs had an @entity714 morphology. An inferiorly directed QRS axis was noted in 7 (78%) of 9 @entity1 and a left superior axis in 2 (22%) of 9 @entity1 . A QS or rS pattern was noted in all @entity1 in aVR and V(1). A transition from S to R wave occurred in V(3) to V(5) in all @entity1 , with 78% of the @entity1 transitioning in V(4) or V(5). Ablation was attempted in 8 (89%) of 9 @entity1 and was successful in 6 (67%) of 9 @entity1 . Ablation was limited in all unsuccessful @entity1 due to the proximity to the His and risk of complete @entity616 . CONCLUSIONS: Electrocardiographic findings of a @entity714 with a normal QRS axis, QS or rS patterns in aVR and V(1), and late S to R transition (V(4)/V(5)) are commonly found in RVI @entity1165 . Because of the proximity to the His, ablation of RVI @entity1165 may be more challenging than that of right ventricular outflow tract @entity1165 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX arising from the inflow region of the right ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective clinical review was to assess the safety and accuracy of intraparotid sentinel node biopsy in @entity1 with @entity320 . SETTING: This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Twenty-eight @entity1 with cutaneous @entity320 of the head and neck undergoing @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy in which the radionuclide localized to the parotid gland on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy were studied. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent wide local excision of the @entity5 and intraparotid sentinel node biopsy using intraoperative gamma probe localization. RESULTS: There were 25 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ranging in age from 34 to 81 years. The primary site was on the auricle in 14 @entity1 : temple, 4; forehead, 5; cheek, 3; and on the neck in 2 @entity1 , respectively. The mean Breslow thickness was 2.3 mm (range, 0.9-7.0 mm). In 27 of 28 @entity1 , an intraparotid @entity1600 was identified. In one @entity1 , final pathology did not reveal lymphoid tissue despite a high count in the parotid tissue excised. Median number of @entity1600 per @entity1 was two. Six @entity1 had microscopic @entity3 in the @entity1600 . In two of these @entity1 , additional microscopic lymph node @entity3 were found in the neck after subsequent formal lymphadenectomy. The pathologic staging for the group (n = 14) was: stage 1B, 4; 2A, 4; stage 2B, 3; and stage 3B, 3 @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 are alive and without evidence of disease (mean follow up, 31 months). There were no surgical complications, specifically no @entity1 experienced temporary or permanent @entity3541 . CONCLUSION: Intraparotid @entity1600 biopsy for staging cutaneous @entity135 is a reliable, accurate, and safe procedure.

title: Intraparotid XXXX biopsy for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare topically applied @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) to topically applied @entity6914 in the treatment of @entity1 suffering from symptomatic @entity8619 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled longitudinal investigation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five out- @entity1 suffering from @entity8619 and referred to the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine of the University of Milan, Italy, during the period January to August 1997. @entity1 were randomly allocated (Group A and Group B) to treatment with @entity2983 5% or @entity6914 0.05%. The drugs were topically applied twice daily for 4 weeks. Discomfort and @entity158 were evaluated by the @entity1 before and after treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale from zero (no @entity158 ) to 10 ( @entity158 ). Results were statistically evaluated by a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The two pharmacological regimens obtained partial and complete absence of symptoms. In particular, the @entity2983 tested group disclosed 57% complete absence of symptoms, 21.3% partial response and 9% no response. No statistically relevant difference has been detected between the two regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study, if confirmed by further investigations, suggest that @entity2983 might be considered an alternative to @entity6914 for treatment of symptomatic @entity8619 .

title: Efficacy of topical XXXX compared with @entity6914 in treatment of symptomatic @entity8619 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'extreme pain']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a @entity5 of the right chest wall. Clinical examination revealed @entity101 , @entity1371 , @entity5838 , @entity1368 and hyperreninemia. Computed tomography and an abdominal echogram indicated a @entity5 in the right phrenic area and two @entity5 in the retroperitoneum near the pancreas head. After the surgical resection of these @entity5 , the primary reninism was diminished. The pathological diagnosis of these @entity5 was @entity1822 . Plasma active and inactive (trypsin-activated) @entity916 activities (PRA) were 85.7 and 38.9 ng @entity2178 /ml/h, respectively. These PRA did not respond to either postural stimulation or suppression by the volume expansion. Active and inactive @entity916 activities in a right phrenic @entity5 were 208 and 32 ng @entity2178 /mg protein /h, respectively. Those of an @entity5 were 196 and 30 ng @entity2178 /mg protein/h, respectively. @entity916 mRNA identical in molecular size to that of the @entity1 kidney was identified by northern blot analysis. This is the first case report of @entity916 producing @entity1822 derived from the lung, which is characterized by relatively lower plasma prorenin concentrations.

title: A case of @entity916 producing XXXX originating in the lung.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor', 'area tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: Background:Maternal @entity28 (MO) impairs maternal and offspring health. Mechanisms and interventions to prevent adverse maternal and offspring outcomes need to be determined. @entity1 studies are confounded by socio-economic status providing the rationale for controlled animal data on effects of maternal exercise (MEx) intervention on maternal (F0) and offspring (F1) outcomes in MO.Hypothesis:MO produces @entity4903 , increases maternal and offspring glucocorticoid exposure, oxidative stress and adverse offspring outcomes by postnatal day (PND) 36. MEx in part prevents these outcomes.Methods:F0 female @entity35 ate either control or obesogenic diet from weaning through lactation. Half of each group wheel ran (from day 90 of life through pregnancy beginning day 120) providing four groups (n=8/group)-(i) controls, (ii) @entity28 , (iii) exercised controls and (iv) exercised @entity28 . After weaning, PND 21, F1 offspring ate a control diet. Metabolic parameters of F0 prepregnancy and end of lactation and F1 offspring at PND 36 were analyzed.Results:Exercise did not change maternal weight. Before breeding, MO elevated F0 @entity413 , insulin, @entity1674 , @entity165 , leptin, fat and oxidative stress. Exercise completely prevented the @entity412 rise and partially increases @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 and oxidative stress. MO decreased fertility, recovered by exercise. At the end of lactation, exercise returned all metabolic variables except leptin to control levels. Exercise partially prevented MO elevated @entity2819 . F1 offspring weights were similar at birth. At PND 36, MO increased F1 male but not female offspring leptin, @entity1674 and fat mass. In controls, exercise reduced male and female offspring @entity413 , prevented the offspring leptin increase and partially the @entity412 rise.Conclusions:MEx before and during pregnancy has beneficial effects on the maternal and offspring metabolism and endocrine function occurring with no weight change in mothers and offspring indicating the importance of body composition rather than weight in evaluations of metabolic status.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 17 September 2013; doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.150.

title: Exercise in @entity28 female XXXX has beneficial effects on maternal and male and female offspring metabolism.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The developmental and clinical aspects in the literature on @entity6629 are reviewed. Prenatal diagnosis depends on karyotyping. The incidence is 1 of 1000 females. At birth, 47,XXX @entity1 have a lower mean birth weight and a smaller head circumference. Triple X diagnosis was not suspected at birth. The maternal age seems to be increased. Toddlers with @entity6629 show @entity10791 development. The youngest @entity1 show accelerated growth until puberty. EEG abnormalities seem to be rather common. Many @entity1 show motor-coordination problems and auditory-processing disorders are not rare. @entity1635 is probably more common in adolescent cases. The IQ levels are 20 points below that of controls, and verbal IQ is lowest. The @entity1 struggle with low self-esteem and they need psychological, behavioural and educational support. They perform best in stable families. After leaving school they seem to feel better. In adults, @entity11157 seems to be more prevalent than in controls. MRIs of the brain seem to show decreased brain volumes. The 47,XXX @entity1 most often find jobs that reflect their performance abilities. @entity716 seems to be more prevalent in triple X adult @entity1 than in controls. @entity914 respond well to psychotropic drugs. Triple X adults suffer more frequently from cyclothymic and labile @entity1314 traits. Research on @entity6629 may yield more insight into brain and behaviour relations, developmental psychopathology, auditory-processing disorders, @entity74 , @entity1314 and @entity914 , etc.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['Psychotic disorders', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['delayed language']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Psychotic illness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['EEG disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['triple X syndrome']

answer: @entity6629 :: (MESH:C535318,Disease) :: ['Triple X syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of anti-RNA polymerase III antibody in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). DESIGN: A point prevalence study of autoantibody to RNA polymerase III and longitudinal examination of its clinical significance in @entity1 with @entity785 and in controls. SETTING: University medical center rheumatology practice. @entity1 : Two hundred fifty-two consecutive new @entity1 with @entity785 and 170 controls (150 @entity1 with other connective tissue diseases and 20 normal volunteers). MEASUREMENTS: The presence of anti-RNA polymerase III antibody was determined by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunodepletion studies. MAIN RESULTS: Serum specimens from 57 of the 252 @entity1 with @entity785 (23%; 95% CI, 18% to 28%) reacted with RNA polymerase III, compared with none of the specimens from 170 controls (0%; 95% CI, 0% to 2%). In 40 of these 57 specimens, immunoprecipitation studies also showed the presence of RNA polymerase I or II, or both. Anti-RNA polymerase III antibody was detected in sera from 50 of the 111 @entity1 (45%) who had @entity785 with diffuse cutaneous involvement (dcSSc), 7 of 114 @entity1 (6%) who had @entity785 with limited cutaneous involvement, and none of 27 @entity1 with an @entity785 overlap syndrome (P < 0.001). Among @entity1 with dcSSc, anti-RNA polymerase III antibody was more common than antitopoisomerase I antibody (45% compared with 27%; P = 0.008). Patients with anti-RNA polymerase III antibody had a statistically significant higher mean maximum skin thickness score but statistically significant lower frequencies of @entity8721 , @entity5442 , @entity358 , and serious @entity299 than did patients with antitopoisomerase I antibody. CONCLUSION: Anti-RNA polymerase III antibody is a new marker autoantibody for many @entity1 who have @entity785 with diffuse or extensive cutaneous involvement.

title: Autoantibody reactive with RNA polymerase III in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 use is the major risk factor for numerous health problems. However, only 5% of smokers can successfully quit without therapy owing to the highly addictive properties of @entity1239 . The serotoninergic system may be involved in smoking behavior because @entity1239 increases brain @entity750 secretion, @entity1239 withdrawal decreases @entity750 levels, and a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor antagonizes the response to @entity1239 withdrawal. @entity750 transporter (5-HTT) is the most important protein, as it adjusts the @entity750 concentration in the synaptic cleft. There is a polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the 5-HTT gene, named @entity750 transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). Compared with the L allele, the S allele of the polymorphism is associated with decreased transcription efficiency of the 5-HTT gene. In this study, we investigated the relationship between this gene polymorphism and smoking behavior in Chinese males. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to find 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphisms in 144 smokers and 135 age-matched healthy non-smokers. A questionnaire was completed in all recruited subjects. RESULTS: The proportion of L/L (15.3% vs 5.2%) and S/L (50.0% vs 33.3%) genotypes was significantly higher in the smokers than that in the non-smokers (chi(2) = 21.9; P < 0.01). The odds ratio (OR) adjusted by age, education, effects of family members and friends who smoke, and @entity167 intake was 2.9 (95% CI 1.78 +/- 4.80). In smokers, the number of cigarettes/day (L/L vs S/L vs S/S: 28 +/- 12 vs 20 +/- 8 vs 16 +/- 6, chi(2) = 18.5, P < 0.01), smoking index (L/L vs S/L vs S/S: 561 +/- 446 vs 393 +/- 341 vs 237 +/- 201, chi(2) = 12.5, P < 0.01) and score on the Fagerstr  m test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) (L/L vs S/L vs S/S: 7.8 +/- 1.6 vs 6.2 +/- 2.5 vs 3.5 +/- 2.1, chi(2) = 48.3, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in smokers with an L/L or S/L genotype than that in the smokers with the S/S genotype. There were no significant differences in the proportion of starting smoking before 20 years old (P = 0.219) and those who succeeded in quitting smoking for more than 1 month (P = 0.456) between individuals with different 5-HTTLPR genotypes in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking in Chinese males. The proportion of the L/L and S/L genotype in smokers was higher than that in non-smokers. In smokers, the level of @entity1239 @entity734 and resultant cigarettes consumption may be much higher in individuals with an L/L or S/L genotype than those with the S/S genotype.

title: Association between XXXX transporter gene-linked polymorphic region and smoking behavior in Chinese males.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) inhibitor, a novel antidiabetic drug, has a cardioprotective effect on @entity63 -reperfusion injury through an antioxidant effect. However, the effect of @entity8238 inhibitor on @entity439 formation has not been investigated. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the @entity8238 inhibitor, @entity45702 , attenuates vascular oxidative stress and thus inhibits @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) formation. METHODS: AAAs were created with intraluminal elastase and extraluminal @entity12374 in 36 male @entity35 . @entity35 were divided into three groups: a low dose of @entity45702 group (group LD; 1 mg/kg/d), a high-dose group (group @entity2033 ; 3 mg/kg/d), and a control group (group C, water). @entity45702 was administered by gastric gavage once daily beginning 3 days before surgery. On day 7 after @entity439 preparation, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) expression was semiquantified by @entity16203 staining, and the oxidation product of DNA produced by ROS, @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ), was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Blood @entity413 concentrations were measured. @entity1710 and @entity1711 and elastica Van Gieson stainings were performed on day 28, and the @entity1028 dilatation ratio was calculated. RESULTS: On day 7 (six in each group), @entity16203 staining of the @entity439 wall showed a reduced level of ROS expression (4.6    0.6 in group C, 2.7    0.3 in group LD, and 1.7    0.5 in group @entity2033 ; P < .0001) and showed fewer @entity7599 -positive cells in @entity45702 -treated samples (138.1    7.4 cells in group C, 102.5    4.5 cells in group LD, and 66.1    4.5 cells in group @entity2033 ; P < .0001) The treatment significantly reduced messenger RNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity439 walls (relative expression: @entity11017 : 2.1    0.4 in group C, 1.3    0.3 in group LD, and 0.9    0.2 in group @entity2033 ; P < .001; @entity6929 : 2.0    0.5 in group C, 0.3    0.3 in group LD, and 0.3    0.2 in group @entity2033 ; P < .001). On day 28 (six in each group), the aortic wall in groups LD and @entity2033 was less dilated (dilatation ratio: 199.2%    11.8% in group C, 159.6%    2.8% in group LD, and 147.1%    1.9% in group @entity2033 ; P < .02 group C vs @entity2033 ) and had higher elastin content than in group C. The difference in blood @entity413 levels among the three groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8238 inhibitor, @entity45702 , attenuates @entity439 formation and expansion dose-dependently in a @entity35 @entity1028 model via an antioxidative action.

title: Orally administered XXXX inhibitor ( @entity45702 ) prevents @entity1028 formation through an antioxidant effect in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', '8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity45702 :: ('MESH:C520853', 'Chemical') :: ['Alogliptin', 'alogliptin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8238 :: (25253(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4']


abstract: PURPOSE: With the increasing use of DIBH techniques for left-sided @entity0 , 3D surface-image guided DIBH techniques have improved @entity1 setup and facilitated DIBH radiation delivery. However, quantification of the daily separation between the heart and left breast still presents a challenge. One method of assuring separation is to ensure consistent left lung filling. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to retrospectively quantify left lung volume from weekly breath hold-CBCTs (bh-CBCT) of left-sided breast @entity1 treated using a 3D surface imaging system. METHODS: Ten @entity1 (n=10) previously treated to the left breast using the C-Rad CatalystHD system (C-RAD AG, Uppsala Sweden) were evaluated. @entity1 were positioned with CatalystHD and with bh-CBCT. bh-CBCTs were acquired at the validation date, first day of treatment and at subsequent weekly intervals. Total treatment courses spanned from 3 to 5 weeks. bh-CBCT images were exported to VelocityAI and the left lung volume was segmented. Volumes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 41 bh-CBCTs were contoured in VelocityAI for the 10 @entity1 . The mean left lung volume for all @entity1 was 1657  295cc based on validation bh-CBCT. With the subsequent lung volumes normalized to the validation lung volume, the mean relative ratios for all @entity1 were 1.02  0.11, 0.97  0.14, 0.98  0.11, 1.02  0.01, and 0.96  0.02 for week 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Overall, the mean left lung volume change was <= 4.0% over a 5-week course; however left lung volume variations of up to 28% were noted in a select @entity1 . CONCLUSION: With the use of the C-RAD CatalystHD system, the mean lung volume variability over a 5-week course of DIBH treatments was <= 4.0%. By minimizing left lung volume variability, heart to left breast separation maybe more consistently maintained. @entity1278 Gutierrez has a research grant from C-RAD AG.

title: SU-F-J-22: Lung VolumeVariability Assessed by Bh-CBCT in 3D Surface Image Guided Deep InspirationBreath Hold (DIBH) Radiotherapy for Left-Sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pre-excitation is based on an accessory conduction pathway between the atrium and ventricle. The term @entity3153 is used for @entity1 with the pre-excitation/WPW pattern associated with AP-related @entity591 . CASE OUTLINE: We present a 52-year-old @entity1 with severe palpitation, @entity1295 , lightheadedness and @entity4764 breathing. The initial ECG showed @entity591 with heart rate between 240 and 300/min. He was treated with antiarrhythmics (Digitalis, Verapamil, @entity3303 ) with no response. Then, the @entity1 was treated with electrical cardioversion and was referred to our Clinic for further evaluation with the diagnosis: " @entity1165 ". During in-hospital stay, the previously undiagnosed WPW pattern had been seen. Additional diagnostic tests confirmed permanent pre-excitation pattern (ECG Holter recording, exercises test). The @entity1 was referred to an electrophysiologist for further evaluation. Mapping techniques provided an accurate assessment of the position of the accessory pathway which was left lateral. The elimination of the accessory pathway by radiofrequent catheter ablation is highly effective in termination and elimination of tacchyarrhythmias. CONCLUSION: Symptomatic, life-threatening @entity943 , first considered as @entity1165 , reflected @entity955 with @entity3153 over an accessory pathway in a @entity1 with previously undiagnosed @entity3153 .

title: [Pre-excitation pattern associated with accessory pathway related XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome', 'Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome', 'ventricular pre-excitation']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate that neutrophils act nonspecifically against @entity5 cells. The correlation between @entity5 -infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) and clinicopathological features remains unclear and deserves to be investigated. To analyze the prognostic influence of TINs in @entity356 , the authors selected 273 @entity1 with advanced @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy at Cremona Hospital (Lombardia, Italy) between 1990 and 1995 and followed them for a period of 5 years. The number of TINs was assessed in a semiquantitative manner using the mean value of 20 nonoverlapping high-power fields (magnification, 400x; 0.08 mm(2)). The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity1 with a moderate or extensive amount of TINs (n = 76; >10 TINs per 20 high-power fields) and @entity1 with a minor amount of TINs (n = 197; <or=10 TINs per 20 high-power fields). The Kaplan-Meier method and Greenwood formula were used to estimate the crude survival rates in the two groups. Multivariate analyses based on the Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to assess the effect of the prognostic factors on survival. Among the potential prognostic factors analyzed by univariate analysis, sex, age, location of @entity5 , pTNM stage, TINs, and surgical curability were significantly associated with higher survival rate. The study of the possible interaction effects of the clinical-pathological factors with TINs reveals that female @entity1 with a moderate or extensive amount of TINs have about a 39% reduction in their risk of mortality, whereas male @entity1 do not seem to be affected by the level of TINs. These results suggest that @entity1 appear to have a better prognosis than @entity1 in advanced @entity356 . Gender differences in some host defense mechanisms and particularly in neutrophil function may be responsible for this event. Confirmation of these findings would give valuable insights about host reaction to @entity356 growth and, ultimately, possibly would have implications regarding the identification of low-risk @entity1 who could be spared adjuvant therapy.

title: Prognostic value of intratumoral neutrophils in advanced XXXX in a high-risk area in northern Italy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Adjuvant chemotherapy is generally recommended for early @entity43 . However, it remains uncertain which histological subtypes and substages of stage I disease should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of chemotherapy among stage @entity43 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 267 @entity1 with stage @entity43 analyzed in this study, 152 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy (AC-positive group) and 115 @entity1 did not (AC-negative group). Survival analysis was retrospectively performed to determine the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage @entity43 @entity1 . RESULTS: Recurrence was observed in 14 @entity1 in the AC-negative group and 20 @entity1 in the AC-positive group. There were no statistically significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival between the two groups. In stage IA and IB @entity1 , there was no statistically significant difference in DFS and overall survival based on adjuvant chemotherapy status. However, in @entity1 with @entity5 capsule @entity397 , the AC-positive group had significantly better DFS than the AC-negative group (P   =   0.01). @entity1 with @entity1358 who received adjuvant chemotherapy had better DFS than @entity1 who did not (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy may not be necessary for @entity1 with stage IA or @entity43 , but may be beneficial for @entity1358 @entity1 with @entity5 @entity397 .

title: Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity43 with @entity5 capsule XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancer', 'stage epithelial ovarian cancer', 'IB epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity0 risk after supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy administered to young @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) in a much larger cohort than previously to provide data for @entity1 follow-up and screening individualized according to treatment type, age, and time point during follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity0 risk was assessed in 5,002 @entity1 in England and Wales treated for @entity978 with supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy at age < 36 years from 1956 to 2003, who underwent follow-up with 97% completeness until December 31, 2008. RESULTS: @entity0 or @entity513 in situ developed in 373 @entity1 , with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 5.0 (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.5). SIRs were greatest for those treated at age 14 years (47.2; 95% CI, 28.0 to 79.8) and continued to remain high for at least 40 years. The maximum absolute excess risk was at attained ages 50 to 59 years. Alkylating chemotherapy or pelvic radiotherapy diminished the risk, but only for @entity1 treated at age >=  20 years, not for those treated when younger. Cumulative risks were tabulated in detail; for 40-year follow-up, the risk for @entity1 receiving >=  40 Gy mantle radiotherapy at young ages was 48%. CONCLUSION: This article provides individualized risk estimates based on large numbers for @entity1 with @entity978 undergoing follow-up after radiotherapy at young ages. Follow-up of such @entity1 needs to continue for 40 years or longer and may require more-intensive screening regimens than those in national general population programs. Special consideration is needed of potential measures to reduce @entity0 risk for @entity1 treated with supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy at pubertal ages.

title: @entity0 risk after supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy for XXXX in England and Wales: a National Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: During head assembly of @entity56197 , DNA is packaged into the cavity of a preformed protein shell, called the prohead, with the aid of noncapsid, packaging proteins, the products of genes 18 and 19 (gp18 and gp19). gp18 and gp19 separately form complexes with DNA and proheads, respectively. These complexes associate to form a precursor which can be converted to filled heads by the addition of @entity855 . Interactions among factors involved in DNA packaging were analyzed. In the presence of @entity855 , gp19 formed functional complexes with proheads. Formation of gp19-prohead complex showed a sigmoidal dependence on @entity855 concentration with a half maximal concentration of about 7.5 microM. Six molecules of gp19 bound to the prohead at a saturating amount of gp19. gp19 did not bind to proheads lacking the connector of gp8 (8- prohead). In the absence of @entity855 , proheads were inactivated by gp19. The gp19-prohead complexes formed in the absence of @entity855 contained 20-30 gp19 molecules per prohead and formed multimeric aggregates. 8- proheads did not bind gp19 and did not form such aggregates even in the absence of @entity855 . From these results, we conclude that 6 molecules of gp19 bind to the gp8 connector structure in the portal vertex of the prohead. The cleavage patterns of gp19 by several proteases were altered by the addition of @entity855 , indicating that @entity855 induces a conformational change in gp19, gp18 bound only to linear, duplex DNA.

title: Analysis of interactions among factors involved in the XXXX DNA packaging reaction in a defined in vitro system.

answer: @entity56197 :: (10759,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T3']


abstract: There has been no report regarding therapy of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) that showed @entity1562 echocardiographically and electrocardiographically in @entity1 with @entity583 . ECLS was performed in eight @entity1 with @entity1455 or arrest unresponsive to @entity2661 and intra-aortic balloon pumping following @entity583 ; these @entity1 required prolonged external cardiac massage. After the initiation of ECLS, both blood pressure and @entity520 improved in all @entity1 . Four of eight @entity1 were weaned from ECLS after a mean of 69.3 h, which was far longer than previously reported in @entity1 with @entity741 . Three of these @entity1 survived, and cardiac function recovered to NYHA class II in two of the survivors and class III in the other. The other five @entity1 did not recover from coma during ECLS and died. A marked improvement of ventricular wall motion was seen in two survivors with the disappearance of pathologic Q waves after the initiation of ECLS. No occlusion of the coronary arteries or bypass grafts was observed in any of the survivors. These findings suggested the existence of @entity1562 with myocardial reperfusion. The recovery of @entity1562 may be delayed for days or even weeks, hence the extended period of ECLS therapy was theoretically justifiable. We conclude that long-term ECLS is a useful therapeutic method for @entity1 with severe @entity1455 that is related to @entity1562 .

title: Emergency and long-term extracorporeal life support following XXXX : rescue from severe @entity1455 related to @entity1562 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['stunned myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: The @entity1 who undergo neurosurgical procedures are at high risk for perioperative @entity1150 and @entity1151 . Pharmacological prophylaxis with mechanic prophylaxis is a safe and effective way of preventing @entity1150 and @entity1151 in neurosurgery. However, pharmacological prophylaxis may increase the risk of @entity548 after cranial or spinal operations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with vena cava inferior filter were retrospectively examined between 2003 and 2010. RESULTS: Approximately 1600 @entity1 per year are operated in our clinic. @entity1150 incidence is % 1.2 - 2.3 in our department. Vena cava inferior filter is used on 13 @entity1 who operated for various diagnoses, during the 2003 - 2010 period. None of these @entity1 had new @entity1151 after inserting vena cava inferior filter but two of them died cause of initial respiratory distress. CONCLUSION: We think that vena cava inferior filter in is safe and effective method for @entity1151 prophylaxis, especially for @entity1 with high bleeding risk and who cannot be anticoagulated. Further prospective studies with larger series are needed for evaluating long term complications and benefits.

title: Role of vena cava inferior filter on neurosurgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECT: The ability to map cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) at the tissue level in @entity1 with @entity7025 could have considerable impact on @entity1 management, especially in guiding surgical intervention and assessing the effectiveness of surgical revascularization. This paper introduces a new noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based method to map CVR. Preoperative and postoperative results are reported in three cases to demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in assessing vascular reserve at the microvascular level. METHODS: Three @entity1 with angiographically confirmed @entity7025 were evaluated before and after surgical revascularization. Measurements of CVR were obtained by rapidly manipulating end-tidal PCO2 between hypercapnic and hypocapnic states during MR imaging. The CVR maps were then calculated by comparing the percentage of changes in MR signal with changes in end-tidal PCO2. Presurgical CVR maps showed distinct regions of positive and negative reactivity that correlated precisely with the vascular territories supplied by severely narrowed vessels. Postsurgical reactivity maps demonstrated improvement in the two @entity1 with positive clinical outcome and no change in the @entity1 in whom a failed superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic imaging-based CVR mapping during rapid manipulation of end-tidal PCO2 is an exciting new method for determining the location and extent of abnormal vascular reactivity secondary to proximal large-vessel stenoses in @entity7025 . Although the study group is small, there seems to be considerable potential for guiding preoperative decisions and monitoring efficacy of surgical revascularization.

title: Preoperative and postoperative mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity in XXXX by using blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify trends and predictors of the time to treatment initiation (TTI) for @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). METHODS: The National @entity5 Database (NCDB) was reviewed for the following @entity135 sites: oral tongue, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. TTI was defined as the number of days from diagnosis to the initiation of definitive treatment and was measured according to covariates. Significant differences in the median TTI across each covariate were measured using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Spearman test was used to measure trends within covariates. For multivariate analysis, a zero-inflated, negative, binomial regression model was used to estimate the expected TTI, which was expressed in the predicted number of days; and the Vuong test was used to identify the predictors of TTI. RESULTS: In total, 274,630 @entity1 were included. Between 1998 and 2011, the median TTI for all @entity1 was 26 days, and it increased from 19 days to 30 days (P   <   .0001). Treatment with chemoradiation (CRT) (P   <   .0001), treatment at academic facilities (P   <   .0001), and stage IV disease (P   <   .0001) were associated with increased TTI. TTI significantly increased for each disease stage (P   <   .0001), treatment modality (P   <   .0001), and facility type (P   <   .0001) over time. In addition, @entity1 became more likely to transition care between facilities after diagnosis for treatment initiation (P   <   .0001) over time. On multivariate analysis, treatment at academic facilities (33 days), transitioning care (37 days), and receipt of CRT (39 days) predicted for a longer TTI. CONCLUSIONS: TTI is rising for @entity1 with @entity213 . Those who have advanced-stage disease, receive treatment with CRT, are treated at academic facilities, and who have a transition in care realized the greatest increases in TTI. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Increasing time to treatment initiation for @entity135 : An analysis of the National XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity995 and @entity320 are two malignant @entity5 that still give rise to discussions about diagnosis, natural history with respect to @entity3 an choice of treatment. The therapeutic problems are best solved within a multidisciplinary oncology team in which the ophthalmologist, ophthalmopathologist and the general pathologist play an important role. In most institutes for ophthalmology a @entity1 with a @entity5 in or in the region of the eye, is first seen by a specialist for @entity2194 , who is also a surgeon in this field. In general the ophthalmologist decides on the diagnosis, the treatment and the follow-up without consulting other specialists in oncology. This solely ophthalmological approach can harbour a potential danger for the @entity1 . Decisions on treatment made in a multidisciplinary team of specialists trained in oncological principles are responsible for the best results. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be a better choice than surgery alone, but even when surgery alone seems the best treatment, the discussion with the members of an oncological team can be of importance for the surgeon. The natural history of the @entity5 which includes the growth patterns, the growth rate and the tendency to metastasize may influence the choice of the surgical procedure; surgical intervention might be more or less extensive than previously foreseen. Dr. W.A. Manschot, professor in ophthalmic pathology, rightly advocates the contribution of the ophthalmopathologist to such an oncological team, because such a @entity1 has acquired knowledge in histopathology of the @entity5 and experience in evaluating international literature in this field, the results of the treatment of groups of @entity1 with the same @entity5 and publishing the statistically verified conclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity995 and XXXX . A multidisciplinary approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effects of mechanical cardiac support on renal function in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ventricular assist device (VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on renal function in @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a single center retrospective observational study in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 supported on pediatric mechanical cardiac support. The @entity1 population was divided into three groups: the  VAD group included @entity1 receiving ventricular assist device support; the ECMO group included @entity1  receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation membrane support for more than 14 days; and the ECMO+VAD group included @entity1 receiving ECMO followed by VAD support. Comparison of baseline characteristics, duration of mechanical cardiac support, and renal function was made between the three groups. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 23 @entity1 in the VAD group, 16 @entity1 in the ECMO+VAD group, and 37 @entity1 in the ECMO group. The @entity1 in the ECMO group were significantly younger and smaller than the @entity1 in the VAD and ECMO+VAD groups. There was a steady improvement in @entity470 in the VAD group and the ECMO+VAD group until day 7 after which there was a decline in renal function. In the ECMO group, the improvement in @entity470 continued until day 28 after which there was a steady decline in @entity470 . Improvement in @entity470 in the VAD group and the ECMO+VAD group was much higher than in the ECMO group in the first 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these data, we demonstrate that @entity8 improves early after mechanical cardiac support.

title: Comparative effects of ventricular assist device and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on renal function in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to compare the ability of digital breast tomosynthesis and @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) to detect and characterize @entity730 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred paired examinations were performed utilizing @entity2194 and digital breast tomosynthesis. Twenty biopsy-proven @entity5 , 40 biopsy-proven benign @entity730 , and 40 randomly selected negative screening studies were retrospectively reviewed by five radiologists in a crossed multireader multimodal observer performance study. Data collected included the presence of @entity730 and forced BI-RADS scores. Receiver operator curve analysis using BI-RADS was performed. RESULTS: Overall calcification detection sensitivity was higher for @entity2194 (84% [95% CI, 79-88%]) than for digital breast tomosynthesis (75% [95% CI, 70-80%]). [corrected] In the @entity5 cohort, 75 (76%) of 99 interpretations identified calcification in both modes. Of those, a BI-RADS score less than or equal to 2 was rendered in three (4%) and nine (12%) cases with @entity2194 and digital breast tomosynthesis, respectively. In the benign cohort, 123 (62%) of 200 interpretations identified @entity730 in both modes. Of those, a BI-RADS score greater than or equal to 3 was assigned in 105 (85%) and 93 (76%) cases with @entity2194 and digital breast tomosynthesis, respectively. There was no significant difference in the nonparametric computed area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) using the BI-RADS scores ( @entity2194 , AUC = 0.76 and SD = 0.03; digital breast tomosynthesis, AUC = 0.72 and SD = 0.04 [p = 0.1277]). CONCLUSION: In this small data set, @entity2194 appears to be slightly more sensitive than digital breast tomosynthesis for the detection of calcification. However, diagnostic performance as measured by area under the curve using BI-RADS was not significantly different. With improvements in processing algorithms and display, digital breast tomosynthesis could potentially be improved for this purpose.

title: Detection and classification of XXXX on digital breast tomosynthesis and 2D digital mammography: a comparison.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['FFDM', 'full field digital mammography']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcifications']


abstract: Treatment of critically ill @entity1 who have @entity882 ( @entity882 ) and also @entity177 is a challenge. Recombinant hirudin (Refludan, Hoechst Marion Roussel) is a direct @entity556 inhibitor indicated for anticoagulation in @entity882 and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Because this drug is renally cleared, a single dose of hirudin may induce prolonged (up to one week) unpredictable anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity177 . There are a few case reports of @entity1 with @entity177 and suspected @entity882 ( @entity882 ) in which patients were anticoagulated with Refludan for catheter @entity715 . There is no literature on the therapeutic use of Refludan to treat @entity882 in @entity1 with diffuse @entity715 and @entity177 . The authors report the case of a 44-year-old female dialysis @entity1 with @entity882 and extensive life-threatening @entity715 . The @entity1 developed common @entity2994 extending to the right atrium with progressive right internal jugular vein thrombus developing while on heparin. Her platelet count dropped to 60,000/microL. She was lethargic and hemodynamically unstable. Refludan was initially given as a bolus of 0.2 mg/kg (total, 12 mg) at a 50% dose reduction based on the @entity1 's ideal body weight. This dose was based on the published pharmacokinetics of Refludan in @entity1 with @entity177 . Only 2 additional boluses of 6 mg and 3 mg were needed to extend the duration of therapeutic anticoagulation (measured by PTT) to 140 hours. The @entity1 improved both clinically and radiographically after the treatment with @entity12181 . There were no additional @entity1031 events or @entity548 complications. The platelets returned to normal within a few days. The @entity1 was transitioned to @entity1229 and discharged from the hospital. She remains stable at 1-year follow-up.

title: Use of recombinant hirudin in XXXX ( @entity882 ) and @entity177 --a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'HITT', 'heparin-induced thrombocytopenia', 'heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['coumadin']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis']


abstract: From October 1982 to October 1984, a percutaneous drainage under realtime ultrasound guidance was performed in 53 @entity1 with @entity6177 . The location of the abscesses was subphrenic (23), retroperitoneal (16), and intrahepatic (14). A safe access route was found by using ultrasound and fluoroscopy in 53 out of 55 @entity1 (96 p. 100). Percutaneous drainage failed in 8 @entity1 and 3 of these @entity1 died. The causes of @entity204 were: cerebral abscess (1), @entity177 after surgery for correction of a duodenal fistula (1), and @entity788 (1). The other five @entity1 were cured by surgical drainage. Two complications were observed: one case each of pneumothorax and @entity298 . Forty-five @entity1 were healed by percutaneous drainage without operation. The duration of the catheter drainage was 14 days +/- 13 (m +/- 1 SD). Our results suggest that percutaneous drainage under realtime ultrasound guidance is an efficient and safe way to treat @entity6177 .

title: [Percutaneous XXXX guided by real-time ultrasonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['purulent peritonitis']

answer: @entity6177 :: (MESH:D018784,Disease) :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses']


abstract: 1. To determine whether a persistent release of @entity908 kinase from the myocardium occurs in @entity1 with @entity1121 , the activities of serum @entity908 kinase MM isoforms were measured in 22 @entity1 with @entity1121 and in 14 normal control subjects. 2. Serum @entity908 kinase MB activity was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1121 (7.8 +/- 3.8 i.u./l) than in normal control subjects (0.4 +/- 0.8 i.u./l; P less than 0.01). 3. Serum @entity57545 , MMb and MMc activities in @entity1 with @entity1121 were 19.4 +/- 4.1%, 26.7 +/- 2.5% and 33.5 +/- 7.0% of the total @entity908 kinase MM activity, respectively. These values for each isoform were significantly different from those in normal control subjects (11.3 +/- 3.0%, 21.5 +/- 4.4% and 40.7 +/- 7.0%, respectively). The @entity57545 /MMc activity ratio was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1121 (0.61 +/- 0.25) than in normal control subjects (0.30 +/- 0.10; P less than 0.01). 4. Our results indicate that a small amount of the myocardial tissue isoform of @entity908 kinase MM ( @entity57545 ) is constantly released in many @entity1 with @entity1121 .

title: Serum @entity908 kinase @entity57545 isoforms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in Americans is 9% and increasing. Increased afferent vagal activation may predispose to @entity27 by reducing upper airway muscle activation/patency and disrupting respiratory rhythmogenesis. Vagal afferent neurons are inhibited by cannabinoid type 1 ( @entity13677 ) or cannabinoid type 2 ( @entity10027 ) receptors in animal models of vagally-mediated behaviors. Injections of @entity839 , a non-selective @entity13677 / @entity10027 receptor agonist, into the nodose ganglia reduced @entity750 ( @entity750 )-induced reflex @entity386 . It is unknown what role @entity13677 and/or @entity10027 receptors play in reflex @entity386 . Here, to determine the independent and combined effects of activating @entity13677 and/or @entity10027 receptors on @entity839 's attenuating effect, @entity35 were pre-treated with @entity13677 ( @entity14513 ) and/or @entity10027 ( @entity36054 ) receptor antagonists. Adult male @entity35 were anesthetized, instrumented with bilateral electrodes to monitor genioglossus electromyogram (EMGgg) and a piezoelectric strain gauge to monitor respiratory pattern. Following intraperitoneal treatment with @entity14513 and/or @entity36054 , or with vehicle, @entity750 was intravenously infused into a femoral vein to induce reflex @entity386 . After baseline recordings, the nodose ganglia were exposed and @entity750 -induced reflex @entity386 were again recorded to confirm that the nerves remained functionally intact. @entity839 was injected into each nodose @entity4494 and @entity750 infusion was repeated. Prior to @entity839 injection, there were no significant differences in @entity750 -induced reflex @entity386 or phasic and tonic EMGgg before or after surgery in the @entity13677 , @entity10027 , combined @entity13677 / @entity10027 antagonist, and vehicle groups. In the vehicle group, @entity839 injections reduced @entity750 -induced reflex @entity386 duration. In contrast, @entity839 injections into nodose ganglia of the @entity13677 , @entity10027 , and combined @entity13677 / @entity10027 groups did not attenuate @entity750 -induced reflex @entity386 duration. However, the @entity13677 and @entity10027 antagonists had no effect on @entity839 's ability to increase phasic EMGgg. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of @entity839 in the treatment of @entity27 and implicate participation of both cannabinoid receptors in @entity839 's @entity386 suppression effect.

title: Cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptor antagonists prevent attenuation of @entity750 -induced reflex @entity386 by XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['dronabinol', 'Dronabinol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity839 :: (MESH:D013759,Chemical) :: ['dronabinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity9927 ( @entity9927 ) induces @entity358 , and whether dietary @entity8561 supplementation is preventive. BACKGROUND: @entity9927 causes @entity453 . METHODS: The effects of @entity8561 supplementation (2.25% solution) and @entity9927 (10 weeks) on pulmonary vascular reactivity were examined in 32 @entity95 fed a normal diet. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of precontracted pulmonary artery segments was studied using @entity934 and @entity460 ionophore. Endothelium-independent relaxation was studied using @entity1242 . Endothelial and serum @entity8561 levels were measured by chromatography. In eight @entity9927 -exposed and in eight control @entity35 , pulmonary artery @entity842 synthase (NOS) activity and arginase activity were studied using the titrated @entity369 to @entity7792 conversion assay. RESULTS: @entity9927 reduced maximal @entity934 -induced (p = 0.04) and @entity460 ionophore-induced (p = 0.02) relaxation. @entity8561 increased maximal @entity934 -induced (p = 0.047) vasodilation. @entity9927 and @entity8561 did not influence @entity1242 -induced relaxation. @entity9927 reduced endothelial @entity8561 (p = 0.04) but not serum @entity8561 . @entity8561 supplementation increased endothelial (p = 0.007) and serum @entity8561 (p < 0.0005). Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by @entity934 and @entity460 ionophore varied directly with endothelial (r = 0.67, r = 0.67) and serum @entity8561 (r = 0.43, r = 0.45), respectively. @entity9927 reduced constitutive NOS activity (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9927 reduces pulmonary artery endothelium-dependent relaxation by decreasing NOS activity and possibly by decreasing endothelial @entity369 content. @entity8561 supplementation increases serum and endothelial @entity8561 stores and prevents @entity9927 -induced @entity409 . @entity8561 may offset the deleterious effect of @entity9927 on pulmonary arteries by substrate loading of the @entity842 pathway.

title: Secondhand tobacco smoke impairs XXXX pulmonary artery endothelium-dependent relaxation.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity8561 :: ('D001120', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine', 'L-Arginine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'secondhand smoke']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary and peripheral arterial endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVE: The author reports experience with treatment of @entity2649 that involved fixation-arthrodesis of the affected spinal segment using "double insurance" transarticular screws for each joint. No direct bone, ligament or disc resection is done for decompression of the spinal dural tube or root canal. METHODS AND SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: During the period March 2011-September 2011, seven @entity1 having @entity2649 were treated with a modification of transarticular method of screw fixation that involved insertion of two or "double insurance" screws at each articular joint. The operation involved section of the spinous process at its base, opening up of the facet joint, denuding of articular cartilage, insertion of intra-articular bone graft and insertion of two transarticular screws at each facet joint. The fixation was done in four levels in two @entity1 , at three levels in four @entity1 and at two levels in one @entity1 . @entity717 index and visual analog scale were used to clinically assess the @entity1 before and after the surgery and at follow-up. RESULTS: During the average period of follow-up of 26.9 months (range 24-30 months), there was varying degree of recovery of symptoms. The procedure resulted in firm stabilization and fixation of the spinal segment and provided a ground for arthrodesis. During the period of follow-up, one @entity1 underwent re-exploration and decompressive laminectomy as she continued to have significant @entity158 symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical instability and telescoping, listhesis or overriding of the facets on physical activity seems to be the defining phenomenon in the pathogenesis of @entity2649 . The clinical outcome in our @entity1 suggest that fixation of the spinal segment can be a rationale form of treatment. "Double insurance" transarticular method of treatment is a simple, safe, and effective method of spinal stabilization.

title: Only fixation for XXXX : Report of an experience with seven cases.

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar canal stenosis', 'lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar canal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and outcome of @entity1 after @entity64 admitted to early supported discharge (ESD) services, and to investigate changes over time. STUDY POPULATIONS: @entity1 admitted between June 1997 and September 1998 and participating in a follow-up study (n = 87) and all @entity1 admitted in 2005-06 (n = 226). Background populations: All @entity64 cases in Malm   alive 3 months after @entity64 in June 1997 to September 1998 (n = 514) and 2005-06 (n = 1353). RESULTS: There were no differences in age, gender, proportion living alone or Katz Index distribution between the 2 study populations. The Katz Index improved between start and end of ESD (p < 0.001). @entity1 admitted to ESD services did not differ from the background populations with regard to gender or age, but were less often living alone in 2005-06 (p = 0.002). The mean duration of the ESD input was shorter in 2005-06 (p < 0.001). In 1997-98 the @entity1 were satisfied with most of the dimensions of care; the proportion of @entity1 having activity limitations decreased during the first 6 months after @entity64 . CONCLUSION: The use of ESD was feasible in the routine setting of an urban @entity64 unit. The input of the ESD services per @entity1 decreased over time, perhaps indicating an improvement in use of healthcare resources.

title: Early supported discharge after XXXX and continued rehabilitation at home coordinated and delivered by a @entity64 unit in an urban area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Two clinical trials in @entity1 with @entity1150 have indicated that the outpatient management with fixed-dose, subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin is at least as effective and safe as inpatient treatment with unfractionated intravenous heparin with respect to recurrent @entity1211 and major @entity548 . We performed an economic evaluation alongside one of these trials to assess the cost consequences of the outpatient management strategy. Data were collected through case record forms, complemented by a prospective questionnaire in 78 consecutive @entity1 , interviews with health care providers, and hospital data bases. Our study demonstrated that seventy-five percent of @entity1 allocated to low-molecular-weight heparin received treatment either entirely at home or after a brief hospital stay. Fifteen percent of these @entity1 required professional domiciliary care. Within-centre comparisons of resource utilisation in terms of natural units showed that outpatient management with low-molecular-weight heparin reduced the average number of hospital days in the initial treatment period in nine centres by 59 percent (95% CI: 43 to 71 percent) accompanied by a limited increase in outpatient and professional domiciliary care. The average reduction in hospital days at the end of follow up was 40 percent (95% CI: 25 to 54 percent). A cost-minimisation analysis, focusing on resource utilisation directly related to the treatment of @entity1150 and associated costs in one centre demonstrated a cost reduction of 64 percent (95% CI: 56 to 72 percent) with the outpatient management with low-molecular-weight heparin. These data suggest that outpatient management of @entity1 with proximal @entity49 using low-molecular-weight heparin reduces resource utilisation and total treatment cost. Implementation should be preceded by a cautious evaluation of a potential cost shifting and organisational prerequisites.

title: Replacing inpatient care by outpatient care in the treatment of XXXX --an economic evaluation. TASMAN Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'acute deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']