abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently prophylactic placement of a trans-sphincteric pancreatic stent has successfully been applied to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) @entity788 . Rescue ERCP and emergency application of small-caliber pancreatic stents during the early course of post-ERCP @entity788 as a possible endoscopic therapy has not been reported yet. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent ERCP were hospitalized for at least 24 h, with routine laboratory testing of amylase levels. Out of 1,225 ERCPs, evolution of severe post-ERCP @entity788 was anticipated in six consecutive @entity1 , based on severe @entity158 attack, more than tenfold elevation of serum amylase levels at 8 and 24 h, and moderate rise of white blood cell (WBC) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. Rescue ERCP and emergency application of small-caliber (4-5F, 4-cm, Geenen stent) pancreatic stents were successfully performed in all @entity1 within 8-20 h after the initial ERCP. RESULTS: Moderate to severe papillary @entity4 was observed in all @entity1 during the rescue ERCP. @entity158 was promptly reduced after the rescue pancreatic drainage procedure and completely diminished within 24 h after pancreatic stenting. Serum amylase levels were exponentially reduced and normalized within 72 h in all @entity1 ; no pancreatic @entity39 or any other late complications were observed. Pancreatic stents could be safely removed a few days later. CONCLUSION: Rescue pancreatic stenting with small-caliber prophylactic pancreatic stents seems to be a safe and effective procedure that might be feasible to stop the evolution of severe post-ERCP @entity788 , but prospective controlled studies are clearly demanded to support this innovative approach.

title: Rescue ERCP and insertion of a small-caliber pancreatic stent to prevent the evolution of severe post-ERCP XXXX : a case-controlled series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pain', 'Pancreatic pain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and @entity1375 are well established forerunners of @entity65 . Considerable overlap occurs in the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity65 by @entity209 and @entity1375 . Insulin resistance has been studied as the basic pathogenic mechanism in @entity209 .[1] This cross sectional study intended to assess thyroid function in @entity1 with @entity209 and to investigate the association between @entity1375 and @entity209 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity209 who fulfilled the National @entity165 Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP- @entity855 ) III criteria [ 3 out of 5 criteria positive namely blood pressure >=  130/85 mm hg or on antihypertensive medications, fasting plasma @entity413 > 100 mg/dl or on anti- @entity6 medications, fasting @entity1674 > 150 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) < 40 mg/dl in males and < 50 mg/dl in females, waist circumference > 102 cms in @entity1 and 88 cms in @entity1 ] were included in the study group.[2] Fifty @entity1 who had no features of @entity209 (0 out of 5 criteria for @entity209 ) were included in the control group. @entity1 with @entity409 , @entity8 , @entity712 , pregnant @entity1 , @entity1 on oral contraceptive pills, statins and other medications that alter thyroid functions and lipid levels and those who are under treatment for any @entity1374 were excluded from the study. Acutely ill @entity1 were excluded taking into account sick @entity3214 . @entity1 were subjected to anthropometry, evaluation of vital parameters, lipid and thyroid profile along with other routine laboratory parameters. Students t-test, Chi square test and linear regression, multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 in study group, 55 were females (55%) and 45 were males (45%). Of the 50 @entity1 in control group, 26 (52%) were females and 24 (48%) were males. The baseline characteristics of two groups are depicted in. The two groups were similar with respect to age and sex distribution. However, body mass index, waist circumference, mean systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, fasting blood sugar, total @entity165 , LDL-C, @entity1674 and TSH were significantly higher in study group compared to control group. HDL-C was significantly lower in study group.

title: XXXX in @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'persons', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease', 'atherogenic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol', 'Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid related disorder']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: We cloned and sequenced a @entity9238 gene (moaR) for activation of arylsulfatase synthesis by @entity6114 . This gene was cloned by complementation of a @entity9238 mutant in which @entity6114 fails to relieve the arylsulfatase repression caused by @entity599 compounds. The moaR gene also activated induction of the synthesis of both @entity6114 oxidase and the 30-kDa protein that is specifically induced by high concentrations of @entity6114 or @entity2661 . The moaR gene on the chromosome of the wild-type strain of @entity9238 was disrupted by homologous recombination with a plasmid containing the inactivated moaR. The resultant mutant showed the same phenotype as previously isolated atsT mutant strains that are negative for the derepressed synthesis of arylsulfatase. In this mutant strain, @entity6114 also failed to induce the synthesis of @entity6114 oxidase or the production of a 30-kDa protein. The moaR gene is capable of encoding a protein of 26,238 Da. The putative MoaR protein has a helix-turn-helix motif in its C terminus. Thus, it seems likely that the MoaR protein regulates the operons by binding to the regulatory region of the @entity1154 regulon. The MoaR protein is subject to autogenous control, which was shown by use of a moaR'-lacZ transcriptional fusion.

title: moaR, a gene that encodes a positive regulator of the XXXX regulon in @entity9238 .

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['K. aerogenes', 'Klebsiella aerogenes']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8770 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 , and a modification of the King's College Hospital criteria to incorporate arterial @entity880 measurements has recently been proposed. The aims of the present study were to further evaluate arterial @entity880 as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 and to analyze its relationship to known causes of @entity8770 such as @entity881 and @entity32 . DESIGN: Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 @entity99 from @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . @entity881 and inflammatory response were assessed by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and manifestation of the @entity32 ( @entity32 ), respectively. SETTING: A specialized liver intensive care unit at a tertiary liver center. @entity1 : One hundred and one consecutive @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 and grade 3-4 @entity99 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Arterial @entity880 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors both early after admission (9.8 +/- 6.5 mmol/L vs. 5.2 +/- 4.2 mmol/L, p = .00004) and at the time of onset of @entity99 (6.9 +/- 5.6 mmol/L vs. 3.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/L, p < .00001). At both time points, arterial @entity880 significantly correlated with SOFA score and the number of @entity32 components fulfilled. Applying the @entity880 modification of the King's College Hospital criteria increased their sensitivity but reduced their specificity to <50%. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed arterial @entity880 as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . Arterial @entity880 correlated with SOFA score and with the number of @entity32 components fulfilled. The @entity880 modification of the King's College Hospital criteria showed no obvious advantages over the existing selection criteria.

title: Prognostic implications of @entity8770 , XXXX , and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'SIRS', 'severe inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia', 'Hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple organ failure', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal @entity2995 as treatment for massive macular hard exudates in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: The study was a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of 12 eyes (12 @entity1 ) with massive hard exudates involving the fovea that had no previous focal laser treatment. A single intravitreal injection of 4 mg of @entity2995 in 0.1 mL was performed. Visual acuity and evolution of hard exudates and @entity941 leakage were assessed. Potential complications were monitored, including ocular @entity101 and @entity3225 . RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 12 months (mean, 8.25 months). Visual acuity improved significantly at examinations performed 7 days (P = 0.036), 1 month (P = 0.008), 3 months (P = 0.008), and 6 months (P = 0.003) after the injection. Visual acuity improved by at least 2 Snellen lines in 4 @entity1 (33%). However, no eyes with initial visual acuity worse than 20/100 improved to better than 20/100. Foveal hard exudates resolved completely in 6 eyes (50%) and partially in 6 eyes (50%). @entity941 leakage decreased and a variable proportion of microaneurysms disappeared in all cases. Intraocular pressure elevation occurred in 3 eyes (25%) and was successfully treated by topical medication. No other complications, such as @entity3225 , were recorded. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of @entity2995 appears to be beneficial for reducing hard exudates, decreasing @entity941 leakage, and significantly improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity6 massive hard exudates. Visual improvement may not be important due to profound @entity73 caused by hard exudate deposition. Further studies with a larger number of @entity1 are required to assess the long-term efficacy and safety and the need for retreatment.

title: Primary intravitreal @entity2995 for XXXX massive macular hard exudates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical impairment']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity3949 is a life-threatening complication involving both peripheral and autonomic nerves. The @entity4854 -induced @entity8371 pathway as well as enhanced oxidative stress are among the factors implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity3949 . Their effects are possibly exerted by direct nerve tissue damage or mediated by endothelial @entity455 . Formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) is another important candidate for the cause of @entity1897 . Indeed, the levels of AGEs were increased in the serum and also in the peripheral nerves obtained from @entity6 @entity1 . Structural and functional proteins of those nerves are also glycated, resulting in @entity73 and characteristic pathologic alterations. In addition, interaction between AGEs and their receptors induce biological effects on the target tissues for @entity6 complications. In the peripheral nerve, the receptor for AGE ( @entity5764 ) is expressed in endothelial and Schwann cells. It is thus anticipated that interactions between AGEs and @entity5764 facilitate endoneural @entity455 , leading to @entity1095 . The roles of these mechanisms, in particular on the molecular mechanisms of AGE- @entity5764 interactions in the development of @entity3949 are largely still speculative and yet to be explored.

title: Role of advanced glycation end products and their receptors in development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy in the peripheral nerve']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['injury or vascular dysfunction', 'vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired nerve function']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 @entity533 ( @entity533 ) is responsible for the antioxidant effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Previous studies discovered @entity2299 ( @entity2299 ) and decreased @entity533 activity in @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We aimed to determine @entity533 and arylesterase activity, phenotypic distribution of the @entity533 enzyme, and lipid profile in low and normal HDL @entity165 (HDL-C) @entity1 with @entity177 , and renal transplant (TX), compared to primary @entity2299 . METHODS: 116 @entity177 (low or normal HDL-C), 52 TX (low or normal HDL-C), and 62 @entity2299 @entity1 (low or normal HDL-C) were included. @entity533 and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Phenotype was determined using the dual substrate method. RESULTS: Aryl/HDL-C was significantly higher in low HDL-C @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity177 had significantly lower arylesterase activity compared to @entity2299 , independent of HDL-C. @entity533 activity and @entity533 /HDL-C did not differ significantly in @entity177 compared to TX and @entity2299 . Phenotypic distribution was similar in @entity1 groups. Low HDL-C @entity177 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity165 and @entity412 than @entity2299 . CONCLUSION: Decreased arylesterase activity, correlating with @entity533 enzyme protein quantity, is not explicable by decreased HDL-C in @entity177 . Low HDL-C @entity177 @entity1 ' increased @entity65 is not attributable to changes in @entity533 activity, or phenotypic distribution.

title: Low high-density lipoprotein XXXX is not responsible for decreased paraoxonase activity in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'DL']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Although the most objective assessment of the severity of @entity1030 is done by spirometer, this is not as readily available in Nigeria as the electrocardiograph, thus the ECG is often used to assess it. This study examines the relationship between the ECG findings and FEV 1 obtained by spirometry and expressed as a proportion predicted for age and sex in 92 Nigerians with @entity1030 of which 39 had associated pulmonate. There was an inverse relationship between the mean electrical @entity2270 of the P wave on the ECG and the FEV 1 of predicted. The @entity2270 was more positive (82 +/- 12 degrees) among those with FEV 1 less than 50% of predicted (group 1) and this decreased progressively with increasing FEV 1 to 72 +/- 14 degrees in those with FEV 1 between 50-70% (group 2) and 67 +/- 16 degrees in those with FEV 1 greater than 70% (group 3). There was also a significant relationship between FEV 1 and the development of @entity3618 and 71.4% of those who had the lowest FEV 1 (group 1) had @entity3618 while the proportion decreased with the reduction in the severity of @entity1224 . A rightward P wave @entity2270 greater than 80% was statistically significant associated with development of @entity3618 (X2 = 29.5 (P < 0.001) of those with @entity1030 and @entity3618 , 72.2% had a P wave @entity2270 greater than 80%. Only 13.2% of those with @entity1030 alone had a P wave @entity2270 greater than 80 degrees. @entity943 were present in 28 @entity1 , ventricular ( @entity943 ) in 23 cases, and atrial (AA) in 7 cases. Both AA and @entity943 were associated with more severe @entity1224 . All 3 @entity1 who had @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and FEV 1 below 50% of predicted (group 1) and had @entity3618 while 2 of the remaining 4 with AA also were in group 1 and the remaining 2 in group 2. The distribution of @entity943 ( @entity943 ) showed that 10 (43.5%) were in group 1, 9 (39.1%) in group 2, and 2 (8.7%) in group 3. Both @entity943 and AA were also significantly related to the development of @entity3618 . A P wave amplitude greater than 2.5 mm was significantly related to the development of clinical @entity3618 X2 = 24.6 P < 0.001. The results show that ECG findings correlate well with spirometric assessments of FEV 1 and clinical severity in Nigerians with @entity1030 and are, therefore, useful where spirometry is unavailable.

title: Relationship of the ECG with ventilatory function tests in @entity1030 ( XXXX ) in Nigerians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA', 'Cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COLD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Islet transplantation is emerging as a treatment option for selected @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . The limited @entity1 islet supply from cadavers and poor islet yield and quality remain substantial impediments to progress in the field. Use of porcine islets holds great promise for large-scale application of islet transplantation. Consistent isolation of porcine islets is dependent on advances in pancreas procurement, pancreas preservation, and islet isolation, requiring detailed knowledge of the porcine pancreatic anatomy. The primary aim of this study was to describe the vascular and ductal anatomy of the porcine pancreas to guide and improve organ preservation and enzyme perfusion. METHODS: Pancreata were removed by en bloc viscerectomy from 65 female Landrace @entity1707 . RESULTS: Fifteen percentage of organs exhibited inconsistent vascular branching from the celiac trunk. All organs showed uniform patterns of branching at the superior mesenteric artery. The superior and inferior mesenteric veins merged to become the portal vein in all but one case in which the inferior mesenteric vein drained into the splenic vein. Ninety-seven percent of pancreata had three lobes: duodenal lobe (DL), connecting lobe (CL), and @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ); 39% demonstrated ductal communication between the CL and the other two lobes; 50% had ductal communication only between the CL and duodenal lobe; and 11% presented other types of ductal delineation. CONCLUSIONS: Accounting for the variations in vascular and ductal anatomy, as detailed in this study, will facilitate development of protocols for preservation, optimal enzyme administration, and pancreas distention and digestion, and will ultimately lead to substantial improvements in isolation outcomes.

title: XXXX pancreas anatomy: implications for pancreas procurement, preservation, and islet isolation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['SL', 'splenic lobe']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radionuclide @entity79 ( @entity79 ) used to be the investigation of choice for detecting osseous @entity3 in @entity263 . Now, with the availability serum @entity1486 (PSA) testing, clinicians do have a timely, cost-effective method to determine those @entity1 who are highly unlikely to have osseous @entity3 . We determine the utility of PSA for predicting the presence of skeletal @entity3 on BSs in @entity263 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 322 consecutive @entity263 @entity1 subjected to @entity79 during the last 3 years was done. 52 cases were excluded due to following reasons: Serum PSA not available, hormonal or other therapy given prior to serum PSA measurement, and/or @entity79 , and symptomatic for bone @entity3 . In remaining 270 cases, PSA value and @entity79 were evaluated. @entity79 was performed with Tc99m @entity11326 ( @entity7192 ) as per the standard protocol. RESULTS: @entity79 was found to be positive in 153/270 (56%) and negative in 117 (46%) @entity1 . Of the 153 positive cases, 108 (70%) had serum PSA > 100 ng/ml, 42 (28%) had PSA of 20-100 ng/ml and only 3 (2%) had PSA < 20 ng/ml. All the @entity1 with PSA > 100 ng/ml had multiple skeletal @entity3 . Of the 117 negative cases, 110 (94%) had a PSA < 20 ng/ml, 5 had between 20 and 100 ng/ml and only 2 (1.8%) had PSA > 100 ng/ml. Of the 113 patients with serum PSA < 20 ng/ml, 110 (97.4%) did not show any bony @entity3 . 150/157 (95.5%) @entity1 with PSA > 20 ng/ml had bone @entity3 . Using this criterion, 110 (40.7%) scans would have been omitted. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PSA < 20 ng/ml have high predictive value in ruling out skeletal @entity3 . Our data are in corroboration with results from previous studies that @entity79 should be performed only if PSA > 20 ng/ml. Using this cut-off, unnecessary investigation can be avoided. Avoiding @entity79 in this group of @entity1 would translate into a significant cost-saving and reduction in their psychological and physical burden.

title: Predictive value of serum @entity1486 in detecting bone XXXX in @entity263 @entity1 using bone scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity11326 :: ('MESH:C027474', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene diphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone scan', 'BS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that the timing of bowel preparation is crucial, but its impact on the diagnostic yield of proximal or nonpolypoid @entity14 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the timing of bowel preparation on the @entity652 detection rate for nonpolypoid @entity14 at colonoscopy. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective analysis of a screening colonoscopy cohort database. SETTING: The investigation was conducted at a screening colonoscopy unit in an university hospital. @entity1 : A consecutive series of 3079 subjects who received primary screening colonoscopy with different timing of bowel preparation was analyzed. INTERVENTION: Different timing of bowel preparation (same day vs prior day) was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes measured were @entity1 demographics, timing of bowel preparation, colon-cleansing levels, diagnostic yields of colonoscopy, including @entity652 , advanced @entity652 , and nonpolypoid @entity14 . RESULTS: There were a total of 1552 subjects in the morning group and 1527 in the evening group. More subjects had proximal @entity652 (175, 11.3% vs 138, 9.0%, P = .04), advanced @entity652 (68, 4.4% vs 46, 13.0%, P = .044), nonpolypoid @entity14 (98, 6.3% vs 67, 4.4%, P = .018), @entity14 (71, 4.6% vs 40, 2.6%, P = .004), and advanced nonpolypoid @entity14 (25, 1.6% vs 12, 0.8%, P = .036) detected by same-day preparation. On multivariate regression analysis, the @entity652 detection rate was significantly higher in the same-day group regarding overall and proximal @entity652 (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.50; OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74), advanced @entity652 (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04-2.28), overall, proximal, and advanced nonpolypoid @entity14 (OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.08; OR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.20-2.75; OR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.12-3.37). The @entity652 detection rate was also significantly different among endoscopists. LIMITATION: This was a single-center, nonrandomized trial. CONCLUSIONS: Improving bowel preparation quality by same-day preparation may lead to enhanced detection of overall, proximal, and advanced nonpolypoid @entity14 .

title: Different bowel preparation schedule leads to different diagnostic yield of proximal and nonpolypoid XXXX at screening colonoscopy in average-risk population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['proximal nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal neoplasm']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the recently discovered @entity32325 ( @entity32325 ) and @entity32326 in the synovial membrane (SM) of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and to assess the localization and cellular source of these proteins in the SM and their functional influence on synovial fibroblasts. METHODS: Expression of mRNA for PDGFs A, B, C, and D as well as for @entity675 and beta chains in @entity309 and @entity571 SM samples was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of @entity32325 and @entity32326 were quantified by immunoblotting. Regional and cellular localization of @entity32325 and @entity32326 in the SM was investigated by double-staining immunohistochemistry. In addition, the influence of @entity32326 on the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and their matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity3334 ) mRNA expression were determined. RESULTS: The expression of mRNA for PDGFs A, B, and C and for @entity675 and beta chains was comparable in @entity309 and @entity571 SM samples; in contrast, the expression of mRNA for @entity32326 was significantly higher in @entity571 SM. @entity32325 protein was not differentially expressed in @entity571 and @entity309 . The expression of @entity32326 protein was significantly higher in @entity309 SM (full-length and activated form). @entity32325 and @entity32326 were expressed throughout the SM (lining layer, diffuse infiltrates, and stroma) by both synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. In addition, @entity32326 increased the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and the expression of mRNA for @entity3334 . CONCLUSION: @entity32325 and @entity32326 are expressed by synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in @entity309 and @entity571 SMs. The levels of @entity32326 protein were significantly higher in @entity309 SM. In addition, @entity32326 stimulated synovial fibroblast proliferation and expression of @entity3334 . These findings may have pathogenetic implications for cellular transformation and matrix remodeling in the @entity309 SM.

title: Expression of platelet-derived growth factors C and D in the synovial membrane of @entity1 with @entity309 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR alpha', 'PDGF receptor (PDGFR) alpha']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity32325 :: ('56034', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor C', 'PDGF-C']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity2103 affects individuals of all ages, races, and sexes. Psychological and functional implications of the paralysis present a devastating management problem to those afflicted, as well as the carriers. Since Sir Charles Bell's original description of @entity3541 in 1821, our understanding and treatment options have expanded. It is essential that a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing ophthalmologists; Ear, Nose, and Throat surgeons; plastic surgeons; and psychologists work closely to optimize @entity1 management in a staged approach. Although the etiology remains unknown, strong histological, cerebral spinal fluid, and radiological evidence suggests a possible association with @entity778 in idiopathic @entity2103 ( @entity4401 ). The use of @entity230 has been suggested as a means of limiting @entity16 in the acute phase. Unfortunately, no single randomized control trial has achieved an unquestionable benefit with the use of oral @entity134 therapy and thus remains controversial. In the acute phase, ophthalmologists play a pivotal role in preventing irreversible @entity1939 from corneal exposure. This may be successfully achieved by using intensive lubrication, medical therapy (botulinum toxin), or surgery (upper lid weighting or tarsorraphy). Once the cornea is adequately protected and recovery deemed unlikely, longer term planning for eyelid and facial reanimation may take place in an individualized manner. Onset is sudden and management potentially lengthy. Physician empathy, knowledge, and experience are essential in averting long-term lifestyle and psychological discomfort for @entity1 .

title: Ophthalmic management of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve palsy', 'facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve palsy']


abstract: @entity2756 , @entity5898 of the third generation, was given to 40 adults admitted to hospital for @entity281 . @entity55 and aggravation of chronic @entity3617 were diagnosed in 27 and 13 @entity1 , respectively. The drug was given in a single daily dose 1-2 g intravenously or intramuscularly. Mean duration of the treatment course was 6.13 days. High efficacy of the antibiotic @entity2756 was observed in 38(95%) @entity1 . One @entity1 failed the treatment. She had @entity55 following polychemotherapy for advanced @entity0 . The drug tolerance was good. Only one @entity56 occurred. The study of the sensitivity of 333 strains of the bacteria isolated from the sputum of 235 pulmonological @entity1 showed that the absolute majority of the strains (98%) of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms are suppressed by @entity2756 . Thus, the conclusion is made on efficacy of @entity2756 against @entity281 . The drug is applicable both in hospitals and outpatiently.

title: [ @entity2756 ( @entity2756 ) in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary infections']


abstract: We have assessed the effect of a variety of forms of metabolic intervention on both energy and protein metabolism in 44 severely ill surgical @entity1 . The @entity1 were studied either in the basal state or while receiving @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ), and the metabolic effects were assessed using the primed-constant infusion of a combination of stable isotopes and radioisotopes. @entity1943 infusion, either in the basal state or in the @entity3147 , did not change @entity413 kinetics, but there was a significant decrease in the rate of @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ). In the basal studies the rate of @entity1131 decreased from 3.4 +/- 0.7 g/kg/d to 2.9 +/- 0.7 g/kg/d (p less than 0.002), while in the @entity3147 @entity1 the corresponding values were 1.48 +/- 0.61 g/kg/d and 1.10 +/- 0.50 g/kg/d, respectively (p less than 0.005). @entity112 type 2 blockade with @entity5616 did not significantly alter @entity413 kinetics, but in both the @entity3147 @entity1 and in the basal state @entity5616 was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of @entity1131 . In the basal state rate of @entity1131 was 2.44 +/- 0.53 g/kg/d and during @entity5616 infusion the value was 2.08 +/- 0.42 g/kg/d (p less than 0.04). @entity1510 infusion did not alter @entity413 kinetics, but there was a significant decrease in the rate of @entity1131 from a basal value of 2.6 +/- 0.6 g/kg/d to 2.3 +/- 0.5 g/kg/d (p less than 0.04). The infusion of the prostaglandin antagonists diclofenac or @entity4341 resulted in increases in the plasma insulin level, and as a result @entity413 turnover decreased in both groups. In the diclofenac group the rate of @entity413 turnover decreased from 14.4 +/- 1.7 mumol/kg/min to 12.6 +/- 1.3 mumol/kg/min (p less than 0.02). Neither @entity3009 antagonist resulted in any significant change in the rate of @entity1131 . Beta-adrenergic stimulation with @entity3045 resulted in a significant increase in @entity413 turnover from 12.1 +/- 1.1 mumol/kg/min to 13.4 +/- 0.9 mumol/kg/min (p less than 0.02), and the rates of appearance (Ra) of both @entity493 and free @entity1718 (FFAs) also increased. @entity493 Ra increased from 11.7 +/- 2.5 mumol/kg/min to 12.8 +/- 3.0 mumol/kg/min, and the corresponding values for FFA turnover were 7.6 +/- 1.1 mumol/kg/min and 10.3 +/- 2.1 mumol/kg/min (p less than 0.03), respectively. @entity3045 infusion did not result in any significant change in the rate of @entity1131 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Metabolic intervention in surgical @entity1 . An assessment of the effect of @entity1943 , @entity5616 , @entity1510 , diclophenac, XXXX , or @entity3045 infusion on energy and protein kinetics in surgical @entity1 using stable and radioisotopes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'net protein catabolism']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 result from chronic inflammation of periapical tissues caused by continuous antigenic stimulation from infected root canals. Recent findings have suggested that @entity1198 and Th2-like cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of chronic periapical inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms regulating these immunoinflammatory pathways have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and @entity379 ) protein levels in @entity1 @entity9530 and @entity22361 . METHODS: Archived samples of cysts (n = 52) and @entity738 (n = 27) were sectioned and submitted to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the tissue expression of @entity3646 , IL-12, and @entity379 . The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05). RESULTS: An increased expression of @entity379 was observed in @entity9530 . @entity3646 expression was stronger in @entity22361 than in @entity9530 . IL-12 was not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity379 protein levels are increased in @entity9530 , whereas @entity3646 expression is stronger in samples of @entity22361 . Further studies are necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways mediated by these cytokines and to facilitate the development of more effective periapical disease management strategies.

title: XXXX and Th2-like protein balance in @entity1 inflammatory @entity9530 and @entity22361 .

entities_list: @entity22361 :: ('MESH:D010484', 'Disease') :: ['periapical granulomas']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic dental periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'interferon y (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['radicular cysts']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to establish reference intervals for serum sex hormones in adult @entity1 in the Fangchenggang area of China. METHODS: Serum samples from 1,191 healthy male subjects, aged 20 - 69 years, were collected from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES). Total @entity251 (T), @entity172 (E2), luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys). Free @entity251 (FTc) was calculated from the concentrations of T, @entity443 , and albumin. RESULTS: The total nonparametric reference intervals for male sex hormones in our study were 12.6 - 37.0 nmol/L for T, 0.24 - 0.69 nmol/L for FTc, 65.4 - 207.7 pmol/L for E2, 2.2 - 11.6 IU/L for LH, 1.8 - 16.5 IU/L for FSH, and 18.2 - 95.1 nmol/L for @entity443 . Age had a significant positive association with LH (r = 0.218), FSH (r = 0.427), and @entity443 (r = 0.427) and a negative association with FTc (r = -0.383) and E2 (r = -0.098), but no significant association with T after adjustment for BMI. The age-dependent reference intervals were also calculated. Higher T and FTc concentrations were found in @entity1 who smoke compared with non-smokers, while no significant differences were found in E2, LH, FSH, and @entity443 . When stratified for the number of cigarettes smoked per day, we found that the distributions of serum T levels were significantly higher only in the smokers who smoked 11 or more cigarettes a day than the non-smokers. Unlike T, the distributions of serum FTc levels were significantly higher only in the smokers who smoked less than 11 cigarettes a day, while the FSH levels were significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, single reference intervals can be used for @entity1 aged 20 - 69 years for T and E2 measured with the Elecsys method, but separate age-dependent reference intervals should be used for FTc, LH, FSH, and @entity443 . In addition, distinct reference intervals for T should be established for non-smokers or smokers (1 - 10 cigarettes/day) and smokers (> or = 11 cigarettes/day).

title: Reference intervals for serum sex hormones in Han Chinese adult XXXX from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim was to compare the postoperative efficacy of the @entity1480 II and Ethibond W4843 sutures in fresh, closed @entity397 . With methods of random grouping (level of evidence II b), a total of 128 @entity1 with fresh @entity397 were operated on with @entity1480 II or Ethibond W4843 suture. Postoperative objective examination and the American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system were used for the evaluation. Group A underwent 12-39  months of follow-up, for an average of 22  months. Group B underwent 12-37  months of follow-up, for an average of 23  months. The postoperative AOFAS score of group A within 3  months was 93        9.6 points. One case exhibited re-rupture, five cases exhibited incision @entity281 , one case manifested @entity281 , and seven cases exhibited @entity924 . The postoperative AOFAS score of group B within 3  months was 97        7.8 points. Eleven cases had incision @entity281 , and 13 cases manifested @entity924 . Minimal differences were observed in the incision @entity281 , re-rupture rate, and @entity924 in the study of the @entity1480 II and Ethibond W4843 sutures. But, based on the AOFAS score and @entity158 score, the Ethibond suture performed better.

title: Different Sutures in the Surgical Treatment of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon adhesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Closed Achilles Tendon Rupture']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with @entity565 were divided into four groups according to the amount of expectoration per day: 0-24, 25-49, 50-99 and 100+ ml/day. Clinical features of @entity1 with mucus @entity4089 (more than 50 ml/day of expectoration) were evaluated by age, severity of disease, cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and ventilatory function. 1. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent intractable @entity565 (SDIA) in each group increased with increase in mucus @entity4089 . 2. Many of the @entity1 with mucus @entity4089 (more than 50 ml/day) were over the age of 40. 3. The proportion of BAL eosinophils was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity4089 (more than 50 ml/day) than in those with expectoration of less than 49 ml/day. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of BAL eosinophils and the amount of expectoration per day (r = 0.48, p < 0.05). Proportions of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BAL fluid were not related to the amount of expectoration per day. 4. There was no significant correlation between the amount of expectoration per day and ventilatory function in @entity1 with @entity565 in this study.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX with mucus @entity4089 ].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue factor (TF), the physiologic initiator of coagulation, is over-expressed in @entity788 , and is associated with a pro-coagulant and pro-angiogenic state. We hypothesized that in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), elevated circulating @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) activity would be associated with @entity715 and worsened survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical data and plasma were obtained for consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 seen at Roswell Park @entity5 Institute from 2005-08. @entity3145 activity levels were measured using a TF-dependent FXa generation assay. RESULTS: The study population comprised 117 @entity1 , including pancreatic (n=80), biliary (n=34) or unknown primary histologically consistent with @entity5 (n=3). Of these, 52 @entity1 (44.5%) experienced @entity1031 , including @entity1151 (n=15), @entity1150 (n=21) and other arterial or venous events (n=32). Mean TF was 2.15 (range 0.17- 31.01) pg/mL. Median survival was 98.5 days for @entity3145 activity >=  2.5 pg/mL versus 231 days for @entity3145 activity<2.5 pg/mL (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, elevated @entity3145 activity was associated with both VTE (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) and mortality (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.5). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated circulating @entity3145 activity is associated with @entity715 and worsened survival in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity3145 activity as a prognostic biomarker warrants further prospective evaluation.

title: Circulating microparticle tissue factor, XXXX and survival in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['MP-TF', 'microparticle-associated TF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'pancreaticobiliary cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gilles de la @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) is characterized by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics, as well as other @entity146 . The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of particular clinical symptoms in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4676 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hundred twenty-six individuals were studied. A brief questionnaire including data from the medical history and neurological examination was used. RESULTS: @entity4676 was much more frequent in males (80%; 101/126) than in females. The mean age at onset was 7.6 (2-17) years. The onset of the disease was usually slow. Abrupt onset of the disease, usually after infection, was noted in 11% (12/114) of @entity1 . The mean delay in diagnosis was 3.9 years. In most @entity1 tics were moderate (64%; 81/126). Mild and severe intensity of tics were reported in 15% (19/126) and 21% (26/126) of @entity1 , respectively. 77% (97/126) of individuals with @entity4676 had comorbidities. The mean comorbidity score was 2.79 per @entity1 . Anger control problems, sleep difficulties, self-injurious behaviour and coprolalia were strongly associated with comorbidity. The most common reported comorbidity was @entity71 (59%; 74/126). Family history was positive in 46% (57/125) of @entity1 , most often in @entity4676 @entity1 with onset between ages 2 and 4 years (70%; 14/20). Haloperidol was the most commonly used medication in our cohort (60%; 57/95). 22% (27/122) of @entity1 did not receive any symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate diagnosis was delayed for about four years after the onset of the disease. Comorbidity and behavioural problems were frequent features of @entity4676 . Genetic factors can play an important role in the aetiology of @entity4676 .

title: Clinical analysis of Gilles de la XXXX based on 126 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tourette syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5068 14a-demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) have been widely used for more than 20   years against @entity3505 Septoria leaf blotch. However, resistance towards DMIs has increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicide timing and persistence and @entity3505 resistance varietal on @entity37918 and its @entity9956 -resistant genotypes. RESULTS: Using qPCR, @entity37918 was detected 2   weeks later in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar. A high proportion of @entity9956 -moderate resistant genotypes (>= 94%) was found in all samples, with an average of 74.2, 0.1 and 19.7% for R6, R7- and R7+ genotypes, respectively. Distribution of @entity9956 -resistant genotypes was neither affected by different @entity3505 cultivars nor by analysis dates. Electron microscopy coupled with qPCR analysis showed that the @entity9956 fungicide @entity50105 had a significant inhibitive effect against spore germination and post-germination. However, the preventive treatment was the most effective, but it was affected strongly by fungicide persistence. CONCLUSION: Preventive fungicide applications are more effective against Septoria leaf blotch than the curative treatments, so persistence and @entity3505 varietal resistance should be taken into account in the management of this disease. It would seem that none of the studied factors affect the frequency of @entity9956 -resistant genotypes.

title: Real-time PCR to study the effect of timing and persistence of fungicide application and XXXX varietal resistance on @entity37918 and its @entity5068 14a-demethylation-inhibitor-resistant genotypes.

entities_list: @entity50105 :: ('MESH:C550005', 'Chemical') :: ['prothioconazole']

entities_list: @entity37918 :: ('1047171', 'Species') :: ['Mycosphaerella graminicola', 'M. graminicola']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: The ability to discriminate between @entity1276 and @entity1276 often relies on clinical impression and parameters such as change in ventricular size and configuration, increasing head circumference, and evidence of @entity245 . In an effort to confirm clinical impressions, 24 @entity1 underwent transcranial doppler (TCD). All had @entity1276 confirmed by computerized cranial tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or cranial ultrasound (CS). Fifteen were @entity1 and nine were older @entity1 with closed fontanelles. Three @entity1 groups were established. Group 1 included those @entity1 with @entity1276 but no clinical evidence of @entity428 . Group 2 included those @entity1 with @entity1276 and evidence of @entity428 . The last group consisted of hydrocephalic @entity1 who had shunts placed for increased pressure. The Gosling pulsatility index (PI) as well as the peak systolic velocity (PS) as measured by the TCD were compared in all three groups. The PI was found to be a useful indicator of @entity428 and need for eventual shunt. Transcranial doppler sonography may therefore prove useful as a noninvasive, easily reproducible screening tool to evaluate @entity1 with @entity1276 .

title: Transcranial Doppler: a noninvasive method to monitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Partial kindling (PK) of the left perforant path (PP) lastingly increased feline defensiveness. Perforant path PK produced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the amygdalo-ventromedial hypothalamic (AM-VMH) pathways in both hemispheres, and in the ventroamygdalofugal (VAF)-VMH efferents of the amygdala of the left hemisphere. Long-term potentiation paralleled behavioral changes. Perforant path PK did not affect recurrent inhibition in area @entity1251 of the ventral hippocampus. Long-term potentiation of @entity1251 EPSP and population spikes appeared, but before behavioral changes. Changes in excitability of the periaqueductal grey also accompanied behavioral changes. After kindling, the @entity1245 receptor antagonist, @entity5757 , reduced defensive response to @entity35 in a drug-dependent manner. @entity5757 also reduced LTP in the AM-VMH pathway, but did not affect LTP in the VAF-VMH pathway. Therefore, @entity5757 was acting in the amygdala, and not at the VAF-VMH synapse. Kindling caused @entity5757 to act like an agonist on behavior, and in the amygdala, and as an agonist or an inverse agonist in area @entity1251 depending upon the physiological measure taken.

title: Partial limbic kindling--brain, behavior, and the XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the clinical features and assess the frequency and causes of missed diagnoses of @entity1755 (AAA) in @entity1 initially presenting to internists. @entity1 : All identified @entity1 with @entity1755 presenting to internists during a 7 1/2-year period at a large academic medical center. METHOD: Chart review. RESULTS: We identified 23 @entity1 with a @entity1755 presenting to internists. Most had @entity158 , and @entity491 , whereas @entity417 and profound @entity551 (systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg) were uncommon at presentation. In 14 cases (61%), the diagnosis of @entity1755 was initially missed. Nine @entity1 had an interval of 24 hours or more between presentation to the internist and surgery or death. The diagnosis was not made until after shock developed in nine @entity1 who were hemodynamically stable at presentation. Of 17 @entity1 who underwent surgery, 7 of 8 with preoperative shock died, compared with 2 deaths in 9 @entity1 (p < .02) without shock. All six @entity1 who did not have surgery died, yielding an overall mortality of 65% for the series. Ruptured AAAs were most frequently misdiagnosed as @entity293 , @entity66 , and @entity4436 . Chart review revealed a general lack of physician awareness of the syndromes of contained rupture of AAA and symptomatic unruptured AAA. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1755 who present to internists, the diagnosis is often delayed or missed and this appears to adversely effect survival. Internists should familiarize themselves with the presentation and management of @entity1755 .

title: XXXX : the internist as diagnostician.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and tenderness, back or flank pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract obstruction or infection']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines hypotheses about @entity167 's effects on sexual judgments based on both @entity167 and misperception theories. It was hypothesized that gender, @entity167 consumption and @entity167 expectancy set would influence perceptions of sexuality. METHOD: @entity1 were unacquainted @entity1 and @entity1 (88 dyads) who interacted for 15 minutes within the context of the balanced placebo design. After the conversation ended, @entity1 answered questions about their behavior and their partners' behavior. Conversations were videotaped and coded by trained raters. RESULTS: @entity1 perceived their female partner and themselves as behaving more sexually than @entity1 perceived their male partner and themselves. When @entity167 was consumed, both @entity1 and @entity1 were perceived as behaving more sexually and in a more disinhibited manner than when @entity167 was not consumed. Ratings made by members of white and black dyads were largely comparable. Trained observers coded @entity1 ' use of active attention and dating availability cues. Both types of cues interacted with @entity167 consumption such that intoxicated @entity1 exaggerated the meaning of strong (dating availability) cues and ignored the meaning of ambiguous (active attention) cues when making sexual judgments. CONCLUSIONS: Supporting past research on gender differences in perceptions of sexuality, @entity1 were more sexually attracted to their opposite-sex partner than @entity1 were. Both @entity1 's and @entity1 's sexual judgments were influenced by @entity167 consumption but not by @entity167 expectancy set. Intoxicated @entity1 ' responses to their partners' behavioral cues supported @entity73 models of @entity167 's effects. The implications of these findings for theories about @entity167 's effects on sexuality and for prevention programming are discussed.

title: XXXX 's effects on sexual perception.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: Despite the excellent osseointegration of @entity505 -fiber-reinforced @entity12316 (CFR/PEEK) with a surface @entity692 (HA) coating, the bone-implant interfacial shear strength of HA-coated CFR/PEEK after osseointegration is unclear. We examined the interfacial shear strength of HA-coated CFR/PEEK implants after in vivo implantation in a @entity95 femur-implant pull-out test model. HA coating was performed by a newly developed method. Uncoated CFR/PEEK, HA-coated blasted @entity702 alloy, and uncoated blasted @entity702 alloy were used as control implants. The implants were inserted into drilled femoral cortex, and pull-out tests were conducted after 6 and 12 weeks of implantation to determine maximum interfacial shear strength. The HA-coated CFR/PEEK (15.7       4.5 MPa) and HA-coated @entity702 alloy (14.1          6.0 MPa) exhibited significantly larger interfacial shear strengths than the uncoated CFR/PEEK (7.7    1.8 MPa) and the uncoated @entity702 alloy (7.8          2.1 MPa) at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, only the uncoated CFR/PEEK (8.3          3.0 MPa) exhibited a significantly smaller interfacial shear strength, as compared to the HA-coated CFR/PEEK (17.4          3.6 MPa), HA-coated @entity702 alloy (14.2          4.8 MPa), and uncoated @entity702 alloy (15.0          2.6 MPa). Surface analysis of the removed implants revealed @entity1713 in both the HA-coated CFR/PEEK and @entity702 alloy implants. The proposed novel HA coating method of CFR/PEEK significantly increased interfacial shear strength between bone and CFR/PEEK. The achieved interfacial shear strength of the HA-coated CFR/PEEK implant is of the same level as that of grit-blasted @entity702 alloy with HA.

title: Interfacial shear strength of bioactive-coated XXXX fiber reinforced @entity12316 after in vivo implantation.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['detachment of the HA layer']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: PURPOSEof the study was to determine whether @entity1881 (AT) can protect the retina from oxidative damage in experimental @entity1596 (EU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The eyes of 36 adult male @entity840 were studied. The @entity840 were divided into three groups of 12 animals each. The first group was used as control. The right eyes of groups 2 and 3 received an intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin for EU induction. At the same time and also on the consecutive third and fifth days, group 3 received intraperitoneal AT injections. The samples were collected on the eighth day. Retinal @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels and the average thickness of the inner plexiform layer were measured and the histopathology of the eyes was studied. RESULTS: The @entity1865 level was significantly lower in the control group than in the groups 2 (p<0.01) and 3 (p<0.05). When compared with the EU group 2, there was a significant lowering of @entity1865 in the AT injected group 3 (p<0.01). The thickness of the inner plexiform layer in the control group 1 was significantly lower than in the other groups (p<0.01). Its thickness in the group 3 supplied with AT was significantly lower than in the group 2 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that intraperitoneal AT administration protects against @entity1596 in the @entity840 retina as evidenced by the reduced @entity1865 and the thickness of retina.

title: Protective role of @entity1881 on retinal injury in experimental @entity1596 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'EU injury']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The adverse impact of chronic @entity409 , including chronic @entity99 and @entity82 , on outcomes following orthopedic surgery has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The impact of these conditions on acute outcomes following spinal @entity130 remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort control study that uses @entity1 records in the Massachusetts Statewide Inpatient Dataset (2003-2010). PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate whether @entity409 increased the odds of mortality, complications, failure to rescue (FTR), reoperation, and hospital length of stay (LOS) following cervical spine @entity130 . @entity1 SAMPLE: The sample is composed of 10,841 @entity1 with cervical spine @entity130 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Posttreatment morbidity, mortality, reoperation, and LOS were the outcome measures. METHODS: Differences between @entity1 with and without @entity409 were evaluated using chi-square or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Logistic and negative binomial regression techniques were used to adjust for confounders, including whether a surgical intervention was performed. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to assess final model discrimination. RESULTS: There were 117 @entity1 with @entity409 identified in the cohort. The rate of surgical intervention for cervical @entity130 was not significantly different between @entity1 with and without @entity409 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.29). Mortality (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.23-3.66), FTR (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.34-6.11), complications (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12-2.45), and LOS (regression coefficients: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.48) were all significantly increased for @entity1 with @entity409 in final adjusted models that controlled for differences in case-mix and whether a surgical procedure was performed. Final models explained approximately 72% of the variation in mortality and FTR. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel findings indicate that @entity1 with @entity409 may be at elevated risk of posttreatment morbidity and mortality following cervical spine @entity130 . Medical comanagement in the acute period following injury and optimization before surgery may diminish the potential for adverse events.

title: The effect of @entity409 on acute outcomes following cervical spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We evaluated the usefulness and limitations in ultrasonography (US) for diagnosing neck lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 by comparing the results of preoperative US examinations with postoperative pathological findings following neck dissection. Seventy-five previously untreated @entity1 with @entity957 underwent a curative procedure that included neck dissection. Preoperatively, all @entity1 were examined by palpation, computed tomography (CT), and US. Postoperatively, all dissected neck lymph nodes were submitted for pathological examination. Results of pre-and postoperative examinations were then compared. US accuracy for each lymph node was 93.9%, while sensitivity was 78.0%, since @entity5 metastasizes early and easily to the neck lymph nodes, and it is difficult to detect small, pathologically positive nodes. Nine of 75 cases showed latent neck recurrence, and two of these were underestimated by US. The major cause for neck recurrence was considered to be the high rate of @entity3 in such cases, rather than a reduced dissection field. It is not rare to find very small, pathologically positive lymph nodes that US cannot detect in @entity5 . Efforts must therefore be expanded to improve the accuracy of US diagnosis. Care must also be taken when selecting cases for no or limited neck dissection.

title: [Usefulness and limitations in ultrasonography for diagnosing neck lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with XXXX : comparison with pathological findings following neck dissection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: In August of 2000, a comparative susceptibility study was conducted using 3 species of Anopheles mosquitoes from Belize, Central America, and a standard species used in laboratory @entity281 studies, Anopheles stephensi. Test populations were fed @entity1 blood infected with cultured @entity3964 (NF-54 strain) parasites via a membrane feeder. The control species, An. stephensi, exhibited the highest infections, with 73.8% of dissected specimens positive for sporozoites in the salivary glands. The control species also showed heavier sporozoite loads; 74.0% of positive glands having greater than 200 sporozoites. Of species from Belize, @entity20190 was the most susceptibile, e.g., 41.0% of salivary glands were positive, with more than 200 sporozoites per gland. Anopheles vestitipennis had a low @entity281 rate (9.3%) and a moderate number of sporozoites in glands (i.e., 85.7% containing 50-250 sporozoites). Anopheles albimanus was the least susceptible species to @entity281 . No specimens of An. albimanus from the Golden Stream population developed sporozoites in the salivary glands, yet 20.7% of dissected specimens had positive @entity281 . The An. albimanus Buena Vista population showed similar results with only a 2.2% @entity281 rate and a 21.5% midgut @entity281 rate. Oocysts in An. stephensi increased in size by 20% after day 10. Development peaked at day 12, with a mean oocyst diameter of 58 microm at onset of oocyst differentiation. Oocysts developed more slowly in An. vestitipennis until day 10. After day 10, there was a 53% increase in oocyst development over the previous 10 days. Oocyst differentiation was not observed until day 13 postfeed. As with An. vestitipennis, both populations of An. albimanus showed similar slow rates of oocyst development; however, no dramatic growth increase occurred after day 10. The oocysts in the Golden Stream population exhibited a cessation of growth after day 10, peaking at a mean of 30 microm. The Buena Vista population did not exhibit the same level of reduced oocyst development. A gradual increase in growth continued until days 13 and 14 (36.7 and 35.7 microm, respectively).

title: Comparative susceptibility of three species of Anopheles from Belize, Central America, to XXXX (NF-54).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['midgut infections', 'infection', 'salivary gland infection']

entities_list: @entity20190 :: ('43151', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles darlingi']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Post-dural puncture @entity10 is a well-known complication of epidural and @entity510 and the blood patch is the treatment used more often. In most @entity1 , the blood patch relieves the @entity10 completely, but for the remaining there is no improvement or only partial relief of the symptom. In those cases, it is prudent to look for other differential diagnosis, such as subdural @entity1410 or pneumoencephalus. In those situations, imaging exams are extremely useful. The objective of this report was to present the case of a @entity1 who developed subdural @entity1410 after accidental puncture of the dura mater during epidural block. CASE REPORT A 47-year old male @entity1 , 147 kg, 1.90 m, physical status ASA II, was admitted for abdominal dermolipectomy after undergoing gastroplasty. The dura mater was accidentally punctured during the epidural block. The @entity1 developed postdural puncture @entity10 treated with an epidural blood patch, with partial improvement of his symptoms. However, it was followed by worsening of the @entity10 and an MRI showed the presence of an @entity12375 , which was treated clinically The @entity1 evolved with progressive improvement of the symptom and full recovery after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Subdural @entity1410 is a rare, but severe, complication of dura mater puncture. It is difficult to diagnose, but it should always be remembered when post-dural puncture @entity10 shows no resolution or even worsens after an epidural blood patch. An imaging exam is fundamental for the diagnosis of this rare complication.

title: Subdural XXXX after inadvertent dura mater puncture. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid blockades']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity12375 :: ('MESH:D046648', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Few investigators have reported case @entity3329 and disability of Iranian @entity1 with @entity64 . This study was designed to collect morbidity and case @entity3329 data of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity64 , and @entity64 care quality in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: From 2006 to 2011, from overlapping sources (discharge diagnoses, attending physicians, and hospitalization wards), all hospitalized @entity1 with possible @entity64 were enrolled in the study, their hospital records were summarized by experienced personnel and reviewed by a neurologist with @entity64 experience. @entity1 were followed by phone calls or visited to their addresses and their 28(th) day functional status was checked by translated modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Forms and methods were derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) Monitoring Trends and Determinants in @entity65 and STEPS projects. Results: A total of 9487 @entity1 were identified to suffer from @entity64 . Their ages' mean was 68.98    13.63 years, and 50.0% were females. In hospital, case @entity3329 was 16.5% and the 28(th) day case @entity3329 was 25.6%. The greatest case @entity3329 was among @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) @entity1 and the least among @entity385 ( @entity385 ) ones. Case @entity3329 was greater among female and older @entity1 and those with the previous history of @entity64 . Among survivors, only 26.9% were functionally independent (mRS < 3) which was the greatest among @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 and least among @entity1779 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 were admitted to specific @entity64 units or received thrombolytic therapy. Conclusion: The hospitalized @entity1 with @entity64 in Isfahan have unfavorable outcome compared with their @entity16175 in developed countries. A low quality of @entity64 care may be responsible, and urgent attention is needed.

title: Case @entity3329 rate    and disability of @entity64 in Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The extracellular microenvironment of @entity5 differs from most normal tissues. Many @entity5 have relatively acidic extracellular pH ( @entity815 ), although the intracellular pH (pHi) of @entity5 cells remains normal due to efficient maintenance of a large proton gradient across the membrane. This difference between @entity5 and normal tissues might be exploited therapeutically by disruption of the mechanisms which regulate pHi, so that @entity5 cells are killed by intracellular acid-induced injury. To investigate the mechanisms by which intracellular acidification leads to cell @entity204 , we have studied the roles of the anti-apoptotic gene @entity588 and its pro-apoptotic binding partner @entity589 , the Stress Activated Protein Kinases ( @entity5183 /JNK), and the caspase proteases in mediating acid-induced cell @entity204 . While expression of @entity588 in @entity1 @entity150 MGH-U1 cells had no effect on acid-induced @entity204 , overexpression of @entity589 enhanced cell @entity204 , consistent with its pro-apoptotic function. Inhibition of @entity5183 , through expression of a dominant negative mutant of its activator, @entity33644 protected cells from acid-induced cell @entity204 . Caspase activation, as measured by @entity12874 polymerase cleavage, was absent after lethal intracellular acidification. Consistent with this observation, inhibition of ICE proteases by the peptide z-VAD.fmk did not protect against acid-induced cell killing. We conclude that acid-induced cell @entity204 depends on @entity589 and on @entity5183 signaling pathways but not on the caspase proteases. Therapeutic manipulation of @entity589 and @entity5183 may enhance acid-induced @entity5 cell killing.

title: Inhibition of apoptotic signaling pathways in XXXX cells as a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance.

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Misdiagnosis and undertreatment of @entity308 in older, long-term unemployed @entity1 may not only pose a serious medical problem, but may also be an obstacle for their vocational reintegration. Screening for @entity308 could be a first step to increasing treatment rates within this high-risk group. Therefore, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index was tested for its validity in unemployment offices. METHODOLOGY: Three hundred and sixty-five @entity1 in a German programme for the vocational reintegration of long-term unemployed @entity1 were screened with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. In 104 of these subjects, ICD-10 diagnoses were made using DIA-X Structured Clinical Interview. RESULTS: Using the DIA-X data as a gold standard, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index obtained satisfactory results for sensitivity (82.5%) and specificity (70.3%) as a screening tool for @entity1316 when used with an adjusted cut-off-point of < or = 12. While none of the 18.5% male @entity1 diagnosed with @entity308 received treatment, half of the 24% of female @entity1 with @entity308 received treatment. CONCLUSION: Screening with the WHO-5 within unemployment offices is useful to detect @entity1 with @entity308 . Many of them do not receive optimal treatment and can be motivated to seek professional help. Reducing @entity308 by better treatment will also increase the chances of reemployment.

title: Screening for XXXX in the older long-term unemployed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: A randomized crossover comparison of Transitions Gray @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) vs clear and fixed-tint lenses was undertaken to evaluate the impact of @entity1781 on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) in a warm climate. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 were randomized to one of four lens crossover groups: @entity48991 ; clear-->Transitions; Transitions-->fixed-tint; fixed-tint-->Transitions. Each lens was worn for 30 days. VRQOL was measured using a newly developed and validated questionnaire instrument-the Transitions VRQOL. Changes in visual acuity were assessed by functional exam. RESULTS: Overall, Transitions was associated with the greatest improvement in VRQOL relative to clear and fixed-tint lenses without compromise in acuity. Transitions proved statistically superior to clear lenses, most notably in vision comfort both indoors and outdoors. Seventy percent of all @entity1 selected Transitions as their primary lens at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Transitions brand @entity1781 offer @entity1 significant and clinically meaningful improvements in VRQOL superior to clear lenses. VRQOL assessments provide clinicians with valuable information above and beyond visual acuity to help optimize lens product selection and enhance @entity1 satisfaction.

title: The impact of XXXX (Transitions Gray) on vision-related quality of life in normal volunteers: a randomized clinical comparison in a warm climate.

entities_list: @entity48991 :: ('|SUB|TRANSITIONS||CLEAR', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Transitions-->clear']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['VTO', 'variable tint optics']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['variable tint optics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) of the long saphenous vein ( @entity7088 ) has been shown to be associated with @entity715 propagation into the common femoral vein in up to 44% of cases. Conservative management can thus result in @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). To examine the effects of emergency division of the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) on the deep venous system in @entity1211 of the @entity7088 we used pre- and postoperative venous duplex ultrasound. METHODS: Emergency division of the SFJ was performed in 17 @entity1 presenting with acute superficial @entity1211 . All @entity1 had duplex ultrasound, which demonstrated @entity715 of the above knee long saphenous vein together with a normal deep venous system. A follow-up duplex ultrasound scan was arranged on discharge and at 2 months. RESULTS: No @entity1 had propagation of @entity1150 or a @entity1151 . One @entity1 developed a non-occlusive clot in the popliteal vein at 2 months follow-up. All @entity1 were discharged at 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Using duplex ultrasound it has been shown that emergency division of the SFJ is a safe and effective way of preventing serious complications caused by @entity715 in above knee @entity7088 @entity1211 .

title: Acute superficial XXXX : does emergency surgery have a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'deep vein insufficiency or fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus into the deep venous system', 'deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['SVT', 'Superficial venous thrombophlebitis', 'venous thrombophlebitis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thrombophlebitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is often associated with @entity3147 , which appears to contribute to the progression of @entity31 severity. The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake in @entity31 remission @entity1 . METHODS: The present study comprised a cross-sectional study in which variables such as extent of disease ( @entity1960 , @entity1960 , pancolitis), remission period, sex and age were recorded. Extent of disease was assessed by the results of a colonoscopy and dietary intake was evaluated by using 3-day, 24-h recalls. A Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare the intake of macro- and micronutrients among the three study groups. The analysis was complemented by the Mann-Whitney test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictive @entity66 (pancolitis versus @entity1960 versus @entity1960 ). RESULTS: The median (range) age of the 59 @entity1 was 49.0 (37.0-63.0) years and 53.3% were female. Twenty-six (44.1%) @entity1 had @entity1960 , 11 (18.6%) @entity1 had @entity1960 and 22 (37.3%) @entity1 had pancolitis. A high probability of an inadequate intake of fibre (100%), fat soluble @entity2221 (>40% for @entity904 and >95% for @entity270 ), @entity620 (>34%), @entity460 (>90%) and @entity1760 (>50%) was identified in the study group. @entity560 intake (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% confidence interval = 0.39-0.94; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with increased intestinal damage. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of individuals showed an inadequate intake of nutrients. In addition, the consumption of @entity560 was significantly associated with extent of disease.

title: Nutritional intake according to injury extent in @entity31 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['factors of extent of disease']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided colitis', 'distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1687 ( @entity1687 ) is a @entity2315 characterized by progressive @entity16 . Miglustat is the first approved specific therapy and its efficacy in stabilizing or slowing disease progression has been demonstrated in previous studies. We evaluated data from 10 @entity1687 @entity1 treated with @entity32174 in a single study centre. All disease manifestations were assessed and @entity1 were stratified according to age at onset of @entity16 . Neurological data were recorded by using a modified version of the NP-C disability scale; a "composite score" and a "mean annual change" were calculated to evaluate disease progression. We observed a mean annual change of the composite score of 0.04 in our cohort, indicating slower progression of @entity16 if compared with the natural history of the disease. The evidence of slower disease evolution in @entity1 treated with Miglustat suits with previous data and here it is also emphasized by the comparison between disease progression in two early-infantile onset @entity1 receiving different Miglustat dosages. Evaluation of the mean annual change for individual subgroups of @entity1 evidenced minor values in juvenile @entity1 , highlighting better response in such class of @entity1 . Among individual neurological parameters, swallowing showed the minor mean annual change (0.02), indicating better response to therapy. We underline the importance of using a standardized disability scale to quantify and compare neurological features and their evolution over time.

title: Efficacy of miglustat in XXXX : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease type C', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological degeneration', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity32174 :: ('MESH:C059896', 'Chemical') :: ['Miglustat']

answer: @entity1687 :: (MESH:D052556,Disease) :: ['Niemann-Pick C disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the creation of carotid @entity731 after @entity850 creation with absorbable or permanent suture in a @entity6 @entity1707 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A high- @entity165 diet was fed to 15 Sinclair @entity1707 . @entity6 was induced by intraarterial injection of @entity3839 . @entity850 creation in carotid arteries was performed with an absorbable or a permanent suture assigned randomly on both sides. After 20 weeks, Doppler ultrasound (US), angiography, and intravascular US examinations were performed before sacrifice. Carotid, coronary, and femoral arteries were analyzed by histology according to the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) classification. RESULTS: Three animals died during the perioperative period, and three others died during follow-up. @entity6 was successfully induced in all surviving animals (9 of 15). On angiography, stenoses were estimated at 80.4%  12.4 in carotid arteries with permanent sutures and at 48.8%  39 with absorbable sutures (P = .03). With permanent suturing, carotid plaques were observed in all animals with five of nine manifesting an @entity299 stage IV or more. With absorbable suture, @entity731 developed in seven of nine carotid arteries including three animals with an @entity299 stage IV or more. @entity301 were observed in four and one of the nine animals. A correlation between @entity299 classes of coronary plaques and @entity165 level was observed (P = .01), whereas for carotid arteries, @entity299 class correlated with the degree of @entity850 (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS: Creation of @entity75 in carotid and coronary arteries was successful with this model despite a high mortality rate. Less severe carotid stenoses and advanced plaques were observed with absorbable sutures.

title: Vulnerable carotid @entity731 creation in a XXXX model: evaluation of @entity850 creation using absorbable and permanent suture in a @entity6 model.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic dyslipidemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced coronary and femoral plaques']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['American Heart Association', 'AHA']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']


abstract: Previous investigations find that @entity1286 administered i.c.v. induces antinociception directly at supraspinal sites and indirectly via activation of descending spinal systems. Independent experimentation suggests @entity10501 and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) administered intrathecally (i.t.) can act as @entity158 neurotransmitters to stimulate afferent pathways mediating nociception. The present studies were designed to determine whether a functional link exists between these observations. @entity19 were administered @entity1286 i.c.v. 15 min before i.t. injections of @entity10501 or @entity143 . Additional investigations utilized coadministration of @entity10501 or @entity143 i.t. with one of several antagonists. @entity1286 administered i.c.v. inhibited both @entity10501 - and @entity143 -induced behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Coadministration of noradrenergic or @entity859 receptor antagonists with @entity10501 or @entity143 i.t. dose-dependently reversed @entity1286 (i.c.v.)-mediated inhibition. @entity3858 injected i.t. caused significant, but only partially effective, antagonism of the effects of @entity1286 (i.c.v.). @entity1510 coadministered i.t. was effective in reversing @entity1286 (i.c.v.)-mediated inhibition of @entity143 -induced behavior, but ineffective in the @entity10501 assay. These data demonstrate a functional link between activation of descending systems mediating antinociception by @entity1286 (i.c.v.) and inhibition of @entity158 neurotransmitters by spinally active antinociceptive agents. The potential involvement of serotonergic and opioid spinal systems is not clear, but noradrenergic and @entity859 spinal pathways appear to play an important role in the indirect actions of @entity1286 (i.c.v.). Differences in the inhibition of @entity143 - and @entity10501 -induced behavior also provide evidence for the presence of @entity10501 and @entity143 receptors in separate afferent pathways transmitting nociceptive stimuli.

title: @entity1286 (intracerebroventricular) activates spinal systems to inhibit behavior induced by XXXX neurotransmitters.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['Methysergide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['putative pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['putative pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been reported that @entity1 with @entity1020 have difficulties with face perception. Some of this difficulty may be caused by the sensory and perceptual consequences of using peripheral retina. However, strong correlations have not always been found between performance on face tasks and clinical measure of function. Based on the evidence of @entity2358 by @entity1 with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), we explored whether abnormal fixation patterns occur when these @entity1 view an image of a face. METHODS: An OPKO @entity6653 /SLO was used to collect structural and functional data. For each subject, the structural location of disease was determined, and the locus and stability of fixation were quantified. A SLO movie of fundus movements was recorded while the subject viewed an image of a face. RESULTS: The number of fixations on internal (eyes, nose, and mouth) and external features were measured. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance found significant differences between the control and @entity1 groups and among locations. A significant interaction between group and location was also found. Post hoc comparisons found a significantly greater proportion of fixations on external features for the @entity1020 group than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The observed patterns of fixations of our subjects with @entity1020 were similar to those observed in other groups of @entity1 who have difficulties with face perception. For example, individuals with @entity913 , @entity3297 , @entity2438 , @entity161 , or @entity10400 have altered face perceptions and also have a significantly greater proportion of fixations on external features of faces. @entity2358 patterns and fixations may contribute to @entity51 in @entity1020 @entity1 .

title: Abnormal fixation in individuals with XXXX when viewing an image of a face.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal eye movements', 'Abnormal eye movement']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobias']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in face perception']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular disease', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']