abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of acute heat stress exposure on @entity535 digestibility in laying hens. A total of 30 commercial laying hens were singly housed in an environmentally controlled facility, fed a standard laying ration, and exposed to a constant thermoneutral temperature (21 C) for 12 d. The hens were then randomly fed one of three diets (10 hens per diet) and exposed to three consecutive temperature periods (8 d each), which consisted of: 1) a constant 21 C temperature, 2) a cycling temperature of 35 C for 12 h and 29 C for 12 h, and 3) a constant 21 C temperature. The three isonitrogenous (18% CP) diets fed were: 1) a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet, 2) a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet containing 15% meat and bone meal, and 3) a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet containing 5% alfalfa meal and 20% @entity3505 bran. Excreta were collected from all hens during the last 4 d of each temperature period and apparent @entity535 digestibility was determined. There was a significant diet effect (P < 0.05) on @entity535 digestibility. Digestibility of @entity1522 in Diet 2 ( @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal/meat and bone meal) was higher (P < 0.05) than in the other two diets. In addition, digestibility of @entity1522 in Diet 3 ( @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal/alfalfa meal/ @entity3505 bran) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in Diets 1 or 2. @entity8291 generally had no significant effect on @entity535 digestibility except for His and Lys digestibility. Histidine digestibility was higher during the heat stress period than during the initial and recovery thermoneutral periods, whereas Lys digestibility was higher during the heat stress period than during the initial thermoneutral period. These results indicated that acute heat stress (8 d) had no adverse effects on dietary @entity535 digestibility in laying hens.

title: Effect of acute heat stress on XXXX digestibility in laying hens.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['Heat stress']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Although the lineages of @entity1082 type 31 (HPV31) variants are recognized, their clinical relevance is unknown. The purpose of our study was to examine risk of @entity3146 Grades 2-3 (CIN2/3) by HPV31 variants. Study subjects were @entity1 who participated in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous @entity75 Triage Study and who had HPV31 infections detected at one or more visits. They were followed semi-annually over 2 years for detection of HPV DNA and @entity75 . HPV31 isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing and assigned into 1 of 3 variant lineages. CIN2/3 was histologically confirmed in 127 (27.0%) of the 470 HPV31-positive @entity1 , 83 diagnosed at the first HPV31-positive visit and 44 thereafter. The odds ratio for the association of 2-year cumulative risk of CIN2/3 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.0-2.9) for infections with A variants and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2-3.9) for infections with B variants as compared to those with C variants. Among @entity1 without CIN2/3 at the first HPV31-positive visit, the risk of subsequent CIN2/3 was 2.2-fold greater for those with A variants (95% CI: 1.0-4.8) and 2.0-fold greater for those with B variants (95% CI: 0.9-4.9) as compared to those with C variants. Similar associations were observed when CIN3 was used as the endpoint. The findings from our study help to tag HPV31 variants that differ in risk of CIN2/3 and to explain in part why some HPV31 infections regress spontaneously and others lead to disease progression.

title: Association of XXXX type 31 variants with risk of @entity3146 grades 2-3.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: This trial compares the change in urgency @entity322 over 6 months, tolerability and cost effectiveness between @entity1 receiving daily anticholinergic therapy plus a single intra-detrusor injection of saline versus a single intra-detrusor injection of 100 U of botulinum toxin A plus daily oral placebo tablets. We present the rationale and design of a randomized-controlled trial, Anticholinergic versus Botulinum Toxin, Comparison Trial for the Treatment of Bothersome Urge Urinary Incontinence: @entity22321 trial, conducted by the NICHD-funded @entity3087 Network. We discuss the innovative nature of this trial and the challenges related to choice of @entity1 population, maintaining masking, cost effectiveness, ethical considerations, measuring adherence, and placebo development and testing. Enrollment began in April, 2010. 242 @entity1 will be randomized and primary outcome data analysis is anticipated to begin in mid 2012. Several challenges in the trial design are discussed. Randomization to placebo intra-detrusor injections may limit recruitment, potentially impacting generalizability. Other challenges included the heavy marketing of drugs for @entity2182 which could impact recruitment of drug-na  ve @entity1 . In addition, anticholinergic medications often cause @entity2133 , making masking difficult. Finally, adverse reporting of transient urinary retention is challenging as there is no standardized definition; yet this is the most common adverse event following intra-detrusor botulinum toxin injection. The @entity22321 trial will help @entity1 with urgency urinary incontinence balance efficacy, side effects and cost of anticholinergic medication versus botulinum toxin intra-detrusor injection. The results have the potential to fundamentally change the therapeutic approach to this condition.

title: Anticholinergic versus botulinum toxin A comparison trial for the treatment of bothersome urge urinary incontinence: XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence episodes']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic Floor Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity22321 :: (10058,Gene) :: ['ABC']


abstract: CONTEXT: Amplification of @entity2774 - @entity5538 (GC) -rich sequences becomes important in screening and diagnosis of certain @entity74 such as diseases arising due to expansion of GC-rich trinucleotide repeat regions. However, GC-rich sequences in the genome are refractory to standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and require a special reaction conditions and/or modified PCR cycle parameters. AIM: Optimize a cost effective PCR assay to amplify the GC-rich DNA templates. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Fragile X @entity1032 gene ( @entity10308 ) is an ideal candidate for PCR optimization as its GC content is more than 80%. Primers designed to amplify the GC rich 5' untranslated region of the @entity10308 gene, was selected for the optimization of amplification using DNA extracted from buccal mucosal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simple and rapid protocol was used to extract DNA from buccal cells. PCR optimization was carried out using three methods, (a) substituting a substrate analog 7-deaza-dGTP to @entity19199 (b) in the presence of a single PCR additive and (c) using a combination of PCR additives. All PCR amplifications were carried out using a low-cost thermostable polymerase. RESULTS: Optimum PCR conditions were achieved when a combination of 1M betaine and 5% @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) was used. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to amplify the GC rich region of @entity10308 gene with reproducibility in the presence of betaine and @entity3733 as additives without the use of commercially available kits for DNA extraction and the expensive thermostable polymerases.

title: Polymerase chain reaction optimization for amplification of XXXX - @entity5538 rich templates using buccal cell DNA.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytosine']

answer: @entity2774 :: (MESH:D006147,Chemical) :: ['Guanine']


abstract: The effect of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) lifestyle recommendations on @entity5 is unknown. We examined associations between adherence to recommendations and risk of highly aggressive @entity263 in research subjects enrolled in the North Carolina-Louisiana @entity263 Project (PCaP). We examined associations between adherence to WCRF recommendations and risk of highly aggressive @entity263 among 2212 newly diagnosed African Americans (AA) or Caucasian Americans (CA) aged 40-70 years in PCaP. Prostate @entity5 was based on Gleason scores, serum prostate-specific antigens, and TNM stage. Adherence to WCRF recommendations was based on point scores and odds ratios estimated. Results showed that adherence to recommendations was significantly and negatively associated with risk of a highly aggressive @entity263 . Each additional point in the total adherence score corresponded to a 13% risk reduction. Total adherence score <4 predicted increased risk in both AA (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.01-1.85) and CA (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.01-1.98). Consumption of <500 g red meat per week or  <=125 total kcal/100 g solid food per day is a statistically significant protective factor in the overall cohort. Recommendations aimed at preventing all @entity5 also may reduce risk of highly aggressive @entity263 .

title: Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle recommendations reduces prostate XXXX among African and Caucasian Americans.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer aggressiveness', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer aggressiveness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is a multi-causal disease associated with high morbidity and mortality due to complications, and 25% of @entity1 present recurrence within 5 years. The identification of factors involved with @entity1150 can help in the management of @entity1 , prevention of recurrence and in the development of new therapies. The evaluation of plasma components using proteomics potentially provides a window into the individual's state of health. We analyzed the protein profile of plasma samples from 3 @entity1150 @entity1 and compared results to those obtained from 1 sibling and 1 neighbor of each @entity1 . These @entity1 were selected as they presented a personal and family history of spontaneous and recurrent episodes of proximal @entity1150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Albumin was removed using Affi-Gel Blue Gel, and the proteins were alkylated, reduced, precipitated and hydrolyzed. The peptides were fractionated by @entity45453 chromatography, the 7 fractions obtained were directed to the ESI Q-TOF Premier mass spectrometer. Protein search was performed using the Mascot engine against the IPI @entity1 database. RESULTS: Proteins that were statistically overexpressed in @entity1150 @entity1 included C4-A plasma protease, C1 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain H inhibitor and serum amyloid A. Proteins that were statistically reduced in @entity1150 @entity1 included alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, isoform 2 of @entity15783 . CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of plasma from @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1150 allows the identification of differently expressed proteins when compared to controls; this expression may be of pathological importance for immune and inflammatory processes in @entity1150 .

title: Inflammatory, immune and lipid transportation proteins are differentially expressed in spontaneous and proximal deep vein thrombosis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15783 :: ('337', 'Gene') :: ['inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 and apolipoprotein A-IV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Some studies demonstrated that local mechanical periodontal treatment and systemic antibiotics might improve the level of metabolic control in @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this clinical pilot trial was to evaluate if type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2521 will experience improvement in periodontal status and glycemic control after a @entity2133 treatment. Ten adult @entity1 with poor metabolic control (mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) = 10.7 %) and @entity2521 were included in the study. All @entity1 received a @entity2133 in 24 hours as described by Quirynen et al. (1995) at baseline and 6 months later. The periodontal parameters included plaque index (PI), @entity548 on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Metabolic control was measured by the serum level of HbA1c. All measurements were done at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The results demonstrated a significantly lower PI, less @entity548 on probing, reduction in probing depth and gain of clinical attachment at 3 months and 9 months of the study. Similarly, a significant reduction in the serum level of HbA1c was measured three months after @entity2133 but disappeared 6 months later at the 6- and 12-month check points. We conclude that a @entity2133 approach significantly improves periodontal status and metabolic control in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2521 . However, the results of our study imply that a @entity2133 method has to be applied at least every 3 months to control periodontal status and glycemic control in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . Further studies with greater numbers of @entity6 @entity1 are needed to confirm the long-term beneficial effects of a @entity2133 approach on @entity6 metabolic control.

title: Periodontal disease and XXXX metabolic control: a @entity2133 approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['full-mouth disinfection']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: The aim of our study was to test the feasibility of High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis for detection of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation in various types of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed fresh thyroid aspirates and smears from eight cases of @entity3557 : three classic PTCs (CPTC), three follicular variant of PTCs (FVPTC), one tall cell, and one oncocytic variant of @entity3557 . DNA extraction was performed using a MasterPure purification kit. The isolated DNA quantity was assessed using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and the DNA quality was tested by PCR amplification of b-globin gene and by native DNA electrophoresis. HRM was performed on a LightCycler 480 (Roche). We amplified the 15th exon of @entity817 gene, using selected primers to flank the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation point. RESULTS: For all types of cytological specimens, the quantity of isolated DNA was adequate and allowed amplification. Similarly, the DNA quality control did not show signs of DNA degradation and the DNA was amplifiable for b-globin gene. Four cases revealed the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation: two CPTCs, one oncocytic @entity3557 , one tall cell @entity3557 . None of the three cases of FVPTC had this mutation. CONCLUSIONS: HRM analysis represents a feasible and reproducible molecular technique, offering new perspectives for detecting @entity817 mutation in various FNA specimens. In our study, @entity817 @entity8554 mutation revealed a strong association with specific histological variants of @entity3557 : highly specific for CPTC, tall cell or oncocytic @entity3557 , but negative in all cases of FVPTC.

title: Detection of XXXX @entity8554 mutation in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens by High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) are frequent causes of hospitalization in African Americans but have rarely been studied as coexisting diagnoses. We analyzed data from an urban African American @entity6 @entity1 population to identify variables associated with @entity65 hospitalizations. DESIGN: @entity66 , and metabolic characteristics of @entity1 seen from 1991 to 1997 were extracted from an electronic @entity1 tracking system. Data were linked to a statewide hospital discharge dataset to establish who was hospitalized between 1998 and 2001. @entity1 with a @entity65 hospitalization were compared to @entity1 without a @entity65 hospitalization. RESULTS: 3397 @entity6 @entity1 (average age, 56 years; 65% @entity1 ; 92% African American) were included in the analysis; 24% had hospitalizations primarily due to @entity65 . @entity1 with @entity65 hospitalizations were older and had @entity6 longer, and fewer were @entity1 . Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity412 , and total @entity165 levels and urinary albumin/ @entity1011 ratio were all higher among @entity1 with @entity65 hospitalizations. In adjusted analyses, @entity1 had lower odds of experiencing a @entity65 hospitalization, but advancing age, @entity6 duration, SBP, and LDL @entity165 were all associated with greater odds. CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly African American @entity1 sample with @entity6 , specific factors (age, sex, @entity6 duration, LDL @entity165 , SBP) were associated with @entity65 hospitalizations. Additional studies are needed to determine whether management of metabolic risk factors in outpatient settings will translate into lower hospitalization rates due to @entity65 in this population.

title: Potentially modifiable metabolic factors and the risk of @entity65 hospitalizations in urban African Americans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic, disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In this study, 10 samples of rapeseed meal (RSM) from 10 different oil plants in Germany were examined. In situ rumen degradation of @entity2723 was determined by incubation over 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 72 h in duplicate per time point using three rumen fistulated dry @entity291 . Degradation kinetics were estimated by an exponential model and effective @entity2723 degradation was calculated. Degradation was corrected for small particle loss as the difference between washing loss and water-soluble fraction. @entity535 analysis was carried out in the samples and in the residues after 8 and 16 h of incubation in situ and degradation of individual @entity1522 was calculated for these incubation times. In vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestibility of @entity2723 (IPD) was determined in the samples as well as in the 8 and 16 h residues. Effective @entity2723 degradation for a rumen outflow rate of 8%/h (ED8) averaged 54.3% with a considerable variation among samples ranging from 44.3% to 62.7%. A multiple regression equation containing acid detergent insoluble N, total glucosinolates and @entity8144 extract as independent variables predicted ED8 with satisfying accuracy (R 2 = 0.74; RSD = 6.4%). Degradation of @entity1522 was different from that of @entity2723 for most @entity1522 studied, especially after 8 h of incubation. Compared with @entity2723 , degradation of essential @entity1522 was predominantly lower while degradation of non-essential @entity1522 was higher in most cases. However, for @entity376 and @entity1853 no distinct difference with @entity2723 degradation was found. Degradation of individual @entity1522 was predicted from @entity2723 degradation with high accuracy using linear regression equations. Average IPD of RSM was 79.8    2.6%. IPD was lower in the incubation residues and decreased with longer incubation time and increasing rumen degradation, respectively.

title: Variation of in situ rumen degradation of crude protein and XXXX and in vitro digestibility of undegraded feed protein in rapeseed meals.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8144 :: ('MESH:C004544', 'Chemical') :: ['petroleum ether']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The liver is the major site of metastasis of primary @entity14 . Hepatic resection (HR) is considered the standard treatment for @entity14 . In high-risk cases, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be attempted as an alternative treatment. This study compared the clinical profiles and overall and disease-free survival rates of @entity1 with @entity14 undergoing HR and RFA. From 1995 to 2009, we retrospectively analyzed clinical experiences of 43 and 17 @entity1 who had undergone HR and RFA for primary @entity14 , respectively. To compare outcomes, we investigated the 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates. The 3-year overall survival rates of @entity1 treated with HR and RFA were 53.5 and 47.1  %, respectively (p   =   0.285); the disease-free survival rates were 35.0 and 26.9  %, respectively (p   =   0.211). In the HR and RFA groups, 30 (60.2  %) and 13 (76.5  %) @entity1 developed recurrence, respectively (p   =   0.604). In the HR group, 1 @entity1 died from postoperative @entity1578 , and 9 (20.9  %) developed @entity260 , including wound @entity281 , biliary leakage, @entity6177 , and @entity55 . In the RFA group, 1 @entity1 (5.9  %) required prolonged inpatient care because of a procedure-related @entity5572 . Although HR should be considered the first option for @entity14 , RFA can be regarded as a primary treatment modality depending on the @entity1 's characteristics, especially when a @entity1 refuses surgery or has comorbidities.

title: Comparison of Hepatic Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Liver Metastasis']


abstract: @entity281 caused by @entity14476 is the most dominant cause of @entity3100 in Greece. @entity3101 has been the gold standard for the treatment of @entity3100 , but it is unavailable in our country. In this study, we evaluated 111 @entity1 with @entity14476 @entity3100 that were treated with @entity2059 . Eighty-one of them were treated with @entity2059 capsule pulse therapy (group A) and 30 (group B) were treated with oral suspension administered in continuous regimen. Twenty-one @entity1 , all from group A, were lost to follow-up, probably due to the length of this regimen. In all @entity1 that made up the study protocol, complete cure was achieved within seven pulses for group A and 12 weeks for group B. No significant side effects to lead to the cessation of therapy were recorded. Laboratory investigations were performed in 32 randomly chosen @entity1 and were within normal ranges. The response to therapy did not appear to depend upon the formulation administered (capsules versus suspension). Using the pulse regimen, we also believe that it is necessary to individualize the number of pulses administered according to the clinical response. In conclusion, @entity2059 proved safe and effective in our study, providing an ideal alternative to @entity3101 .

title: Is @entity2059 the treatment of choice in XXXX @entity3100 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin', 'Griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic scalp infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Microsporum canis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity14476 :: (63405,Species) :: ['Microsporum canis']


abstract: 12 @entity1 with @entity957 of an unknown @entity5 localized to the neck were treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Median age was 54 years (range, 39-68 years) and male to female ratio was 2:1. Five (42%) @entity1 had N3 disease and 7 (58%) had N2 disease. Induction chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 60 mg/m2, days 1 and 2 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), 500 mg/m2, days 3 and 4. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks to a total of 3 cycles. After 4 weeks rest, @entity1 underwent radiation therapy. It was given to all possible sites of the @entity5 (nasopharynx, pyriform sinus, and the base of the tongue). The radiation therapy dosage planned to the whole neck, nasopharynx, and supraclavicular area was 45 Gy in 24 daily fractions in 5 weeks, increasing to 60-70 Gy to the metastatic site. We observed 9 (75%) complete responses and 1 (8%) partial response. 7 (58%) @entity1 are currently with no evidence of disease. Median survival time for all @entity1 is 36 months (range, 14+ to 56 months), while median survival time for N3 @entity1 was 32 months (range, 26-56 months). @entity137 were predominantly mild to moderate @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity33 . This combined modality appears to be effective and feasible in treatment of @entity957 of an unknown @entity5 localized to the neck.

title: @entity900 and @entity1487 as induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy in XXXX of an unknown @entity5 localized to the neck. A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 1960, oral @entity3601 and @entity229 ( @entity46507 ) has been regarded as the standard of care in elderly @entity1582 @entity1 . This multicentre randomised trial compared oral @entity46507 plus @entity2816 (MPT) with @entity46507 alone in @entity1 aged 60-85 years. METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity46507 for @entity42742 -week cycles plus @entity2816 (n=129; 100 mg per day continuously until any sign of relapse or @entity74 ) or @entity46507 alone (n=126). Analysis was intention-to-treat. This study is registered at , number NCT00232934. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with @entity2816 had higher response rates and longer event-free survival (primary endpoints) than @entity1 who were not. Combined complete or partial response rates were 76.0% for MPT and 47.6% for @entity46507 alone (absolute difference 28.3%, 95% CI 16.5-39.1), and the near-complete or complete response rates were 27.9% and 7.2%, respectively. 2-year event-free survival rates were 54% for MPT and 27% for @entity46507 (hazard ratio [HR] for @entity3156 , 95% CI 0.35-0.75, p=0.0006). 3-year survival rates were 80% for MPT and 64% for @entity46507 (HR for @entity46507 , 95% CI 0.38-1.22, p=0.19). Rates of grade 3 or 4 adverse events were 48% in MPT @entity1 and 25% in @entity46507 @entity1 (p=0.0002). Introduction of enoxaparin prophylaxis reduced rate of @entity1031 from 20% to 3% (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Oral MPT is an effective first-line treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 . Anticoagulant prophylaxis reduces frequency of @entity715 . Longer follow-up is needed to assess effect on overall survival.

title: Oral @entity3601 and XXXX chemotherapy plus @entity2816 compared with @entity3601 and @entity229 alone in elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 : randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoconstriction after lung transplantation is a well-known phenomenon, but only limited information is available on blood flow distribution after @entity63 and reperfusion. The aim of our study was to determine the regional flow characteristics in transplanted and native @entity235 lungs after 24 hours of cold storage and preservation with @entity7634 Collins-solution. METHODS: Six pairs of weight-matched Foxhounds (25 to 30 kg) were used. In donors and recipients, aortic and pulmonary artery catheters were inserted percutaneously and a reference withdrawal catheter was placed into the main pulmonary artery. For preservation, the lungs were perfused with modified @entity7634 Collins-solution and stored at 4 degrees C. After 24 hours, the left lung was transplanted. Regional pulmonary blood flow was assessed by injection of colored microspheres into the right atrium using the reference withdrawal technique. Measurements of regional pulmonary blood flow were conducted twice in donors and recipients (baseline and 3 hours after reperfusion). Tissue samples from five distinct regions (apical, medial, dorsal, ventral, and lateral) were taken to assess regional pulmonary blood flow and wet-dry ratios. RESULTS: The relative (per thousand Confidence Intervals/100 mg dry weight) regional pulmonary blood flow was significantly reduced in the transplanted lung but not in the native organ. This reduction was most pronounced in apical regions and smallest in regions close to the hilum. @entity4 formation occurred in both lungs, as judged from wet-to-dry ratios of lung tissue specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Two separate processes can be observed after single lung transplantation: (1) reduced regional pulmonary blood flow, which is a regional phenomenon restricted to the transplanted organ, and (2) extensive @entity4 affecting both the transplanted and the native lung.

title: Pulmonary blood flow is inhomogeneously reduced after XXXX Collins-preservation and lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity7634 :: (9319,Species) :: ['Euro']


abstract: We determined the genetic variability of the 1st (CCC/ACC, @entity47787 polymorphic variant) and 10th exons (bp 1012-1704) of the @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) gene in @entity2743 . A total of 101 Graves' @entity1 and 163 control subjects were screened. The A253 mutant allele was carried by nine @entity1 with @entity2743 (8.91%) and 13 control subjects (7.98%) in heterozygous genotype. No significant difference in the frequency of the mutant allele was found between Graves' @entity1 and control subjects. These results provide evidence that the A253 polymorphism has no genetic relevance in @entity2743 . Moreover, the DNA @entity377 sequence of 693 bp of the 10th exon (bp 1012-1704) of the @entity5010 gene was determined in 15 Graves' @entity1 . Six @entity1 were homozygous for the wild-type allele and nine were heterozygous for the mutant allele at the 253rd @entity377 of the first exon. No polymorphism was found in the DNA sequences obtained from leukocytes of Graves' @entity1 , similarly to the sequences obtained from the nine control subjects. None of the nine @entity1 carrying the A253 polymorphism in the 1st exon of the @entity5010 had polymorphism in the examined part of the 10th exon, including two additional @entity1 whose thyroid tissue was directly analysed. In all likelihood, the polymorphisms of the examined regions of either the 1st or the 10th exon of the THSR gene do not contribute to the genetic susceptibility to @entity2743 .

title: Analysis of the genetic variability of the 1st (CCC/ACC, XXXX ) and the 10th exons (bp 1012-1704) of the @entity5010 gene in @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity47787 :: ('p|SUB|P|52|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P52T']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity47787 :: (p|SUB|P|52|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['P52T']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether job strain, @entity458 , and decision latitude are independent determinants of disability pension rates over a 12-year follow-up period. METHODS: We studied 3,181 @entity1 and 3,359 @entity1 , all middle-aged and working at least 30 h per week, recruited from the general population of Malm  , Sweden, in 1992. The participation rate was 41 %. Baseline data include sociodemographics, the Job Content Questionnaire, lifestyle, and health-related variables. Disability pension information was obtained through record linkage from the National Health Insurance Register. RESULTS: Nearly 20 % of the @entity1 and 15 % of the @entity1 were granted a disability pension during the follow-up period. The highest quartile of @entity14783 and the lowest quartile of decision latitude were associated with disability pensions when controlling for age, socioeconomic position, and health risk behaviours. In the final model, with adjustment also for health indicators and stress from outside the workplace, the hazard ratios for high strain jobs (i.e. high @entity458 in combination with low decision latitude) were 1.5 in @entity1 (95 % CI, 1.04-2.0) and 1.7 in @entity1 (95 % CI, 1.3-2.2). Stratifying for health at baseline showed that high strain tended to affect healthy but not unhealthy @entity1 , while this pattern was reversed in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: High @entity458 , low decision latitude, and job strain were all confirmed as independent risk factors for subsequent disability pensions. In order to increase chances of individuals remaining in the work force, interventions against these adverse psychosocial factors appear worthwhile.

title: Can high XXXX , low decision latitude, and high job strain predict disability pensions? A 12-year follow-up of middle-aged Swedish workers.

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['psychological job demands']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological demands']

answer: @entity14783 :: (MESH:D007589,Disease) :: ['psychological job demands']


abstract: This study investigated uncertainty in individuals undergoing genetic counseling/testing for @entity5344 susceptibility. Sixty-three individuals from a single kindred with a known @entity5345 mutation rated uncertainty about 12 items on a five-point Likert scale before and 1 month after genetic counseling/testing. Factor analysis identified a five-item total uncertainty scale that was sensitive to changes before and after testing. The items in the scale were related to uncertainty about obtaining health care, positive changes after testing, and coping well with results. The majority of @entity1 (76%) rated reducing uncertainty as an important reason for genetic testing. The importance of reducing uncertainty was stable across time and unrelated to @entity148 or demographics. Yet, at baseline, total uncertainty was low and decreased after genetic counseling/testing (P = 0.004). Analysis of individual items showed that after genetic counseling/testing, there was less uncertainty about the @entity1 detecting @entity5 early (P = 0.005) and coping well with their result (P < 0.001). Our findings support the importance to clients of genetic counseling/testing as a means of reducing uncertainty. Testing may help clients to reduce the uncertainty about items they can control, and it may be important to differentiate the sources of uncertainty that are more or less controllable. Genetic counselors can help clients by providing anticipatory guidance about the role of uncertainty in genetic testing.

title: Uncertainty in XXXX @entity5 susceptibility testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness, in terms of @entity158 relief and @entity910 of retrobulbar and subconjunctival an aesthesia during @entity231 surgery and also to compare the degree of @entity86 associated with each technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery between March and June 2008 at the Guinness Eye Center Onitsha, were randomized into retrobulbar and subconjunctival an aesthesia by simple random sampling. @entity1 ' subjective perception of @entity158 was graded into none, mild, moderate and severe; eyeball movement during surgery was graded into none, slight, moderate excessive. Two weeks after surgery, the palpebral fissure width was measured with the metre rule to determine the degree of @entity7441 . RESULTS: Of the 90 @entity1 studied, 55 (61.1%) @entity1 had subconjunctival an anesthesia while 35(38.9%) had retrobulbar injection. In the retrobulbar injection group 25 (71.4%) @entity1 had none or mild @entity158 compared to 44 (80.0%) in the subconjunctival injection group; while 10 (28.6%) @entity1 in the retrobulbar group experienced moderate to severe @entity158 , 11 (20%) @entity1 in the subconjunctival group had moderate @entity158 and none experienced severe @entity158 . But the difference in the degree of @entity158 perception between the 2 groups is not statistically significant (  2 = 0.01; df - 1; P>0.05 ). In the retrobulbar injection group, there was none or slight movement of the globe in 30 (85.7%) @entity1 compared to 49 (89.1%) @entity1 in the subconjunctival group. While 5 (14.3%) @entity1 in the retrobulbar injection group had moderate globe movement, no @entity1 in this group had excessive movement. In the subconjunctival injection group, 5 (9.1%) @entity1 had moderate movement and 1 (1.8%) @entity1 had @entity717 . The difference in the movement of the eyeball between the retrobulbar and the subconjunctival injections group was not significant (  2 = 0.004; df - 1; P>0.05 ). In the retrobulbar injection group, the palpebral fissure width was within >=  10mm in 18 (51.0%) @entity1 compared with 29 (53.0%) @entity1 in the subconjunctival group. This difference was not statistically significant (  2 = 0.0006; df - 1; P>0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS: Both retrobulbar and subconjunctival an aesthetic techniques are effective and safe for @entity231 surgery although the @entity158 experience may be slightly more for @entity1 being operated upon under retrobulbar anaesthesia.

title: Retrobulbar versus subconjunctival anesthesia for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ptosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['excessive eyeball movement']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative ptosis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Transcutaneous bowel sonography is a nonionizing imaging modality used in @entity29 . Although available in Europe, its uptake in North America has been limited. Since the accuracy of bowel sonography is highly operator dependent, low-volume centers in North America may not achieve the same diagnostic accuracy reported in the European literature. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of bowel sonography in a nonexpert low-volume center. METHODS: All cases of bowel sonography at a single tertiary care center during an 18-month period were reviewed. Bowel sonography was compared with reference standards, including small-bowel follow-through, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, colonoscopy, and surgical findings. RESULTS: A total of 103 cases were included for analysis during the study period. The final diagnoses included @entity30 (72), @entity31 (8), @entity1381 (1), and normal (22). The sensitivity and specificity of bowel sonography for intestinal wall inflammation were 87.8% and 92.6%, respectively. In the subset of @entity1 who had complications of @entity30 , the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 100% for @entity292 and 14% and 100% for strictures. One @entity1 had an abscess, which was detected by bowel sonography. Abnormal bowel sonographic findings contributed to the escalation of treatment in 55% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Bowel sonography for @entity29 can be performed in low-volume centers and provides diagnostic accuracy for luminal disease comparable with published data, although it is less sensitive for complications of @entity30 .

title: Transcutaneous bowel sonography for XXXX is sensitive and specific when performed in a nonexpert low-volume North American center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exacerbations of @entity1030 are a major cause of hospital admissions, but do not require intensive investigation or complex therapy. We investigated the suitability of home care for severe uncomplicated exacerbations. METHODS: Over 3.5 years we assessed 962 @entity1 with exacerbations of @entity1030 after referral to a hospital respiratory department by their family physicians. All @entity1 had chest radiographs, @entity26 -saturation or arterial-gas analysis, spirometry, and physical assessment. Unless admission was thought to be essential, @entity1 were allowed home with a customised treatment package. Each @entity1 was visited daily by a respiratory nurse who monitored progress and treatment compliance and provided education and reassurance. FINDINGS: 145 (15%) of 962 required admission at initial referral and 115 (12%) were admitted later. 653 (68%) @entity1 were managed entirely at home and 49 (5%) were referred inappropriately. One @entity1 died at home. All @entity1 had severe disease with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 1.02 L and 395 (41%) had required hospital admission in the previous year. INTERPRETATION: After formal assessment in a hospital respiratory unit, many @entity1 with exacerbations of @entity1030 can be treated at home by respiratory nurses.

title: Home treatment of exacerbations of XXXX by an acute respiratory assessment service.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: The effects of the @entity952 ( @entity952 ) @entity5713 , @entity1891 and @entity3812 on a @entity1 @entity706 cell line, BM 13674, were investigated. Twelve hours after administration of @entity5713 (10(-3) mg/ml), @entity1891 (10(-2) mg/ml) or @entity3812 (10(-2) mg/ml), cell @entity204 with the characteristic morphology of apoptosis was observed in 71.6%, 82.2% and 76.9% of the cells respectively. The mode of @entity204 was confirmed as apoptotic by the occurrence of internucleosomal DNA cleavage, which was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. For the purpose of casting light on the mechanism involved, inhibition tests were performed on apoptosis induced by one of these drugs, @entity5713 , using a @entity4621 (PDBu), @entity5937 and @entity1880 . @entity10671 , an activator of protein kinase C, and @entity5937 , a putative inhibitor of the endonuclease were thought to be responsible for internucleosomal DNA cleavage; both markedly reduced the induction of apoptosis. The protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 , on the other hand, had no inhibitory effect. Moreover, @entity1880 treatment per se enhanced apoptosis. This suggests that new protein synthesis is not required for the execution of @entity5713 -induced apoptosis. Such a finding is in accord with recent reports suggesting that the " @entity204 program" within many cell types may be primed but unable to proceed due to concomitant production of specific "apoptotic inhibitors". It is suggested that @entity4996 prevent @entity5713 -induced apoptosis in the BM 13674 cells by activating one or more of these specific "apoptotic inhibitors", possibly by means of PKC-mediated phosphorylation.

title: Apoptosis induced by @entity952 in cultured XXXX @entity706 cells. Inhibitory effects of @entity4621 and @entity5937 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['microtubule disrupting drugs', 'MDD']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity5937 :: ('CHEBI:35176', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulphate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Data from two internet-based studies on NAUTI in hospitalized urological @entity1 are presented together: the Pan European Prevalence (PEP) study, which was a 1-day prevalence study in November 2003; and the Pan @entity7634 -Asian Prevalence (PEAP) study, which was carried out in November 2004. Overall, 93 and 101 hospitals from the two studies, respectively, completed the hospital questionnaires and provided @entity1 information for the present study. NAUTI was diagnosed according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria in 727 of the 6033 @entity1 hospitalized on study days in urological departments. The most commonly reported pathogen was @entity526 (31%), followed by species of Pseudomonas (13%), Enterococcus (10%), @entity4005 (10%), Enterobacter (6%) and @entity795 (6%). Candida spp. and Pseudomonas spp. occurred significantly more frequently as causative agents in urosepsis than in other types of @entity281 . The resistance of @entity526 , @entity4005 and @entity795 spp. was below 45% for the most commonly used antibiotics. Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. however, had resistance rates above 70% to most antibiotics. A total of 56% of the hospitalized urological @entity1 were receiving antimicrobial therapy on the study day; 46% for prophylaxis, 26% for microbiologically proven UTI, 21% for only clinically suspected UTI and 7% for other @entity281 . The most commonly used antibiotics were @entity2887 (35%), @entity2886 (27%), penicillins (16%), @entity581 (15%), and @entity799 (9%). Differences between countries and regions were highly significant. There is an urgent need for continuous surveillance of NAUTI and improvement of antibiotic policy to counteract the widespread increase of antimicrobial resistance.

title: Hospital acquired urinary tract XXXX in urology departments: pathogens, susceptibility and use of antibiotics. Data from the PEP and PEAP-studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: We have characterized @entity1573 teneurin-1 and @entity44977 , two homologues of the @entity238 pair-rule gene product @entity44978 and @entity238 @entity44979 . The high degree of conservation between the vertebrate and invertebrate proteins suggests that these belong to a novel family. We propose to name the vertebrate members of this family teneurins, because of their predominant expression in the nervous system. The expression of teneurin-1 and -2 was investigated by in situ hybridization. We show that teneurin-1 and -2 are expressed by distinct populations of neurons during the time of axonal growth. The most prominent site of expression of @entity1573 teneurins is the developing visual system. Recombinant @entity44977 was expressed to assay its molecular and functional properties. We show that it is a type II transmembrane protein, which can be released from the cell surface by proteolytic cleavage at a @entity11135 site. The expression of @entity44977 in neuronal cells led to a significant increase in the number of filopodia and to the formation of enlarged growth cones. The expression pattern of teneurins in the developing nervous system and the ability of @entity44977 to reorganize the cellular morphology indicate that these proteins may have an important function in the formation of neuronal connections.

title: Teneurins: a novel family of neuronal cell surface proteins in vertebrates, homologous to the XXXX pair-rule gene product @entity44978 .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: This article presents the findings relating to the South American subgroup of 60 @entity1 in an international survey of the current diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). The mean time between first symptoms and first consultation with a physician was 3.7 months, and mean delay in seeing a neurologist was then 5.6 months, giving a mean time from symptom onset to confirmation of diagnosis of 16.6 months. The time to confirmation of diagnosis was much longer for @entity1 with symptoms of limb onset (17.5 months) than for those with bulbar onset (10.0 months). Cases with symptoms of upper-limb onset were diagnosed more rapidly (14.9 months) than those with symptoms of lower-limb onset (21.8 months). The diagnosis was confirmed in 48% of cases within 15 months of symptom onset, and a further 27% were diagnosed within 15-24 months; 47% of cases were confirmed within 4 months of consulation with a neurologist and a further 17% within 4-6 months. The first physician seen was the general practitioner in 47% of cases overall. When the neurologist was the first physician seen (27% of @entity1 in Brazil, 0% in Argentina), diagnosis was achieved within 14 months in 88% of cases. EMG was performed in almost all @entity1 . MRI and CT were widely used, which may cause delays. Announcement of the diagnosis was made immediately to 75% of @entity1 overall. @entity10891 was prescribed for 23% of @entity1 in Brazil and for 67% of @entity1 in Argentina.

title: Current treatment pathways in XXXX : a South American perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'ALS']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ) is a rare, often multicentric @entity5 of the @entity135 region with a rather poor prognosis. The original clinical size of the @entity5 rarely correlates to the degree of microscopic tissue invasion. Treatment by surgical excision sometimes requires very wide excision. Treatment by radiation or electron beam appears less mutilating but its efficacy is not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with a combined surgical delineation of @entity5 margins followed by radiation treatment. METHODS: We treated three @entity1 with extensive @entity5426 of the scalp and face. Prior to radiation, in two cases the @entity5 margins were determined by grid-pattern punch biopsies. In the third @entity1 , the @entity5 margins were determined by Mohs mapping system. All three @entity1 then received radiation either by rotational arc electron beam (n = 2) and standard radiation. RESULTS: One @entity1 developed two local recurrences in nonirradiated areas plus a metastatic cervical node, all of which responded to additional electron beam. The @entity1 has no evidence of disease (NED) after 30 months of observation. The other two @entity1 were treated by electron beam and radiation have NED at 5 and 1 years follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Local control of @entity5426 of the scalp may be achieved by assessment of the @entity5 margin by peripheral biopsies or Mohs technique followed by electron beam and radiation.

title: XXXX of the @entity135 managed by a combination of multiple biopsies to determine @entity5 margin and radiation therapy. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Cutaneous angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study were to evaluate the clinical performance of the Procera porcelain-fused-to- @entity702 crown system in general practice during a 2-year period, and to evaluate the performance of a new low-fusing porcelain as a veneering material on @entity702 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A number of consecutive complete-coverage crowns (40) in 25 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 53.1 years (range 35 to 79 years) were made according to the Procera (Nobel Biocare) technique in a 3-month period. The @entity702 copings were fabricated from solid rods of pure @entity702 using spark erosion and copy-milling technique, whereafter they were veneered with a new type of low-fusing ceramic material. The crowns were evaluated using the @entity4737 criteria at baseline and after 2 years. RESULTS: The general failure rate was low and was restricted to one @entity1547 , one porcelain @entity174 , and one loss of a crown resulting from failure of retention of a post and core. The most frequent single reason that the "excellent" color level was not recorded was a "too-high value." A slightly dull or granular porcelain surface was observed both at baseline and after 2 years. Overall, the responses of the @entity1 were positive. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that porcelain-veneered Procera @entity702 crowns can be used as an alternative to other porcelain-fused-to-metal systems. However, conclusions should be made with caution from the results of this study because of the limited number of @entity1 and crowns and the short observation period.

title: Two years of clinical experience with Procera XXXX crowns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesion']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: A new @entity14918 ), provisionally designated as PPV5, was identified in U.S. @entity1707 . Cloning and sequencing from a circular or head-to-tail concatemeric array revealed that the PPV5 possesses the typical genomic organization of parvoviruses with two major predicted open reading frames ( @entity18085 and ORF2), and is most closely related to PPV4 with overall genomic identities of 64.1-67.3%. The @entity535 identities between PPV5 and PPV4 were 84.6%-85.1% for @entity18085 and 54.0%-54.3% for ORF2. Unlike PPV4, but similar to @entity48083 ( @entity10368 ), PPV5 lacks the additional ORF3 and has a much longer ORF2. Moreover, the @entity535 sequences of @entity18085 and ORF2 of @entity10368 showed higher homologies to PPV5 than to PPV4. The conserved motifs of the @entity141 binding loop (YXGXG) and the catalytic center (HDXXY) of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were identified in VP1 (ORF2) of PPV5, as well as in @entity10368 , but were not present in PPV4. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PPV5, PPV4 and @entity10368 form a separate clade different from the genera Parvovirus and Bocavirus. Further epidemiologic investigations of PPV4 and PPV5 in U.S. @entity1707 of different ages indicated a slightly higher prevalence for PPV5 (6.6%; 32/483) compared to PPV4 (4.1%; 20/483), with detection of concurrent PPV4 and PPV5 in 15.6% (7/45) of lungs of infected @entity1707 . Evidence for potential vertical transmission or association with reproductive failure was minimal for both PPV4 and PPV5. The high similarity to PPV4 and the lack of ORF3 may suggest PPV5 is an intermediate of PPV4 during the evolution of parvoviruses in @entity1707 .

title: Characterization of a novel XXXX tentatively designated PPV5.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity48083 :: ('172296', 'Species') :: ['bovine parvovirus 2']

entities_list: @entity14918 :: ('10796', 'Species') :: ['porcine parvovirus (PPV']

answer: @entity14918 :: (10796,Species) :: ['porcine parvovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess alternative diagnoses in adults undergoing computed tomography (CT) for suspected @entity697 in routine clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved; informed consent was waived. A total of 1571 consecutive adults were referred from emergency department or urgent care settings for evaluation of suspected @entity697 at a single academic medical center from January 2006 to December 2009. Diagnoses given by board-certified radiologists at nonfocused abdominopelvic CT and ultimate clinical diagnoses by a combination of clinical, surgical, pathologic, and other radiologic findings were analyzed. Comparisons were made by using the Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney test, where appropriate, with a two-tailed P value of less than .05 used as the criterion for statistical significance. RESULTS: A specific diagnosis at CT examination was made in 867 of 1571 (55.2%) @entity1 . @entity697 was favored in 371 of 1571 (23.6%) @entity1 . An alternative diagnosis other than @entity698 was suggested in 496 of 1571 (31.6%) @entity1 . Among @entity1 with an alternative CT diagnosis, 204 of 496 (41.1%) were hospitalized and 109 of 496 (22.0%) underwent surgical or image-guided intervention for diagnoses other than @entity698 , compared with rates of 14.1% and 4.4%, respectively, among @entity1 in whom a specific diagnosis was not made at CT (P < .0001). The most common broad categories of disease included @entity344 (46.0%), gynecologic conditions (21.6%), genitourinary conditions (16.9%), and @entity558 (7.7%). CONCLUSION: In adult @entity1 clinically suspected of having @entity697 , abdominopelvic CT frequently identifies an alternative cause for symptoms, which often requires hospitalization and surgery for treatment.

title: Alternative diagnoses to suspected XXXX at CT.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['nonappendiceal gastrointestinal conditions']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is an emerging consensus that early enteral nutrition benefits the high-risk surgical @entity1 . However, in @entity1 with inadequate gastrointestinal perfusion, food in the intestine may increase the @entity26 demand beyond that which can be satisfied by the available delivery, potentially leading to intestinal malfunction. The effect of metabolic substrate on gastrointestinal function during various oxygenation states was investigated. METHODS: Jejunal samples obtained from 32 male @entity35 (263 +/- Q15 g) were stripped of the muscularis, mounted in modified Ussing chambers, and randomized to be incubated in media equilibrated with one of four gas mixtures (95%, 75%, 50%, and 25% @entity26 ). After equilibration, fluorescent probes (4400 and 17 200 molecular weight [MW]) were added to the incubation media on the mucosal side. The rate of probe accumulation on the serosal side was determined before and after the addition of one of four substrates to the mucosal medium: @entity2656 (an osmotic control), @entity413 (which is transported, phosphorylated, and metabolized), @entity897 (a @entity413 analog that is transported and phosphorylated but not metabolized), or @entity10546 (a @entity413 analog that is transported but not phosphorylated or metabolized). RESULTS: Lumenal @entity413 , @entity897 , and @entity10546 increased permeation of the 4400-MW probe at all @entity26 levels, whereas @entity2656 did not alter permeation in the 95% and 75% @entity26 groups. Lumenal @entity413 increased (P < 0.05) the permeation rate of the 17 200-MW probe at all @entity26 levels, whereas @entity897 and @entity10546 did not increase the permeation rate of the 17 200-MW probe until @entity26 was lowered to 75% and 50%, respectively. Regardless of substrate treatment, jejunal permeation of the 4400-MW (P < 0.001) and 17 200-MW (P < 0.05) probes increased in the 25% and 50% @entity26 groups compared with the 75% and 95% @entity26 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These initial results suggest that the provision of lumenal nutrients exacerbates the loss of @entity344 during @entity519 . Although the early provision of nutrients is an important intervention in acutely injured @entity1 , care must be taken to ensure that gastrointestinal perfusion is adequate to allow substrate metabolism and prevent further compromise in gastrointestinal function.

title: Provision of phosphorylatable substrate during XXXX decreases jejunal barrier function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methylglucose']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal barrier function']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity902 -based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and is generally used in the first-line setting. However, the optimal salvage treatment for previously treated @entity5 @entity1 is unclear. We conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials of single agent versus combined chemotherapy as salvage treatment in previously treated @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Trials published between 1994 and 2015 were identified by an electronic search of public databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library). All relevant studies were independently identified by two authors for inclusion. Demographic data, treatment regimens, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free and overall survival (PFS, @entity3012 ), and grade 3/4 @entity137 were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software (Version 2.0). RESULTS: Fifty cohorts with 1,685 @entity1 were included for analysis: 814 @entity1 were treated with single agent chemotherapy and 871 with combined chemotherapy. Pooled @entity3012 was significantly higher at 1 year for combined chemotherapy than for single agent (relative risk [RR] 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01-2.37; P=0.03) but not for 2-year @entity3012 (RR 1.31; 95% CI: 0.92-1.85; P=0.064). Additionally, combined chemotherapy significantly improved ORR (RR 2.25; 95% CI: 1.60-3.18; P<0.001) and DCR (RR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.25, P=0.033) compared to single agent for advanced @entity5 @entity1 . As for grade 3 and 4 @entity137 , more frequencies of @entity1431 and @entity882 were observed in the combined chemotherapy than in single agent group, while equivalent frequencies of @entity417 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In comparison with single agent alone, combined chemotherapy as salvage treatment for advanced @entity5 @entity1 significantly improved ORR, DCR, and 1-year @entity3012 , but not 2-year @entity3012 . Our findings support the need to compare combined chemotherapy with single agent alone in the salvage setting in large prospective trials due to its potential survival benefit in advanced @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of single agent versus combined chemotherapy in previously treated XXXX with advanced urothelial carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subclinical @entity1374 is associated with abnormal cardiovascular haemodynamics and increased risk of @entity712 . The burden of raised/low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels amongst South Asian (SA) and African-Caribbean (AC) minority groups in the UK is not well defined. Given that these groups are particularly susceptible to CVD, we hypothesised that STD would reflect abnormal cardiac function and heightened cardiovascular risk in these ethnic groups. METHODS: We examined SA (n=1111, 56% male, mean age 57.6 yrs) and AC (n=763, 44% male, mean age 59.2 yrs) @entity1 from a large @entity712 screening study. Euthyroidism is defined as TSH (0.4 - 4.9 mlU/l), @entity1375 is defined as a raised TSH with normal serum free @entity1955 (FT4) concentrations (9-19 pmol/l). @entity1378 is defined as a low TSH with both FT4 and free @entity1954 (FT3) concentrations within range (2.6-5.7 pmol/l). RESULTS: Across ethnic groups, prevalence of @entity1375 was 2.9% (95% CI 2.1-3.7), and of @entity1378 was 2.0% (1.4-2.7). @entity1378 was more common amongst SA compared to AC (2.8% vs. 0.9%, P=0.017), while rates of @entity1375 were similar. On multivariate analysis of variations in subclinical thyroid function, ethnicity was not independently significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of subclinical @entity1374 amongst SA and AC minority groups in Britain reflects levels reported in other populations. The clinical cardiovascular significance of subclinical @entity1374 is unclear, and it does not appear to be ethnically specific.

title: Subclinical XXXX and cardiac function amongst minority ethnic groups in the UK: a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'Subclinical hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: @entity384 of benign esophageal strictures was performed in 18 @entity235 and 10 @entity468 with a median age of 4 years. @entity850 formation was associated with a recent anesthetic episode in 18 @entity1 . Regurgitation was the most common clinical sign and was present a median of 4 weeks before dilation. Most animals had a single stricture; median diameter was 5 mm, and median length was 1 cm. @entity2910 and mucosal @entity82 were detected in 9 @entity1 each. Dilation was performed with progressively increasing diameter balloons, from 6 to 20 mm. After dilation, @entity548 was mild to moderate in most @entity1 . Esophageal perforation was the only serious complication and occurred in 1 @entity1 . Postdilation therapy consisted of administration of @entity4444 , @entity1769 , @entity5418 , and @entity229 in most animals. The median number of dilation procedures performed in each animal was 2, with a range of 1-5. The median interval between dilations was 13 days. @entity850 diameter markedly increased with subsequent dilations. Median duration of follow-up was 131 weeks. A successful outcome occurred in 88% of @entity1 , with most animals able to eat canned, mashed, or dry food without regurgitation. Mucosal @entity82 was associated with a better clinical response score, while increasing age was weakly associated with fewer dilations. The dilation protocol used in this group of animals was safe and efficacious.

title: @entity384 of benign esophageal strictures in @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Portal vein system @entity715 (PVST) is an alarming and potentially life-threatening complication of laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection ( @entity10105 ). The objective of this study was to investigate negative and positive predictors of PVST after @entity10105 in patients receiving anticoagulant regimens with @entity117 or @entity1229 . METHODS: Seventy-five consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity10105 from 2013 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients received anticoagulant regimen with @entity1229 (n  =  35) or @entity117 (n  =  40) according to individual preference. International normalized ratio (INR) and the incidence of PSVT were compared in patients received anticoagulant regimen with @entity1229 or @entity117 on postoperative days (POD) 7, 30, and 90, and factors associated with PVST at these time points were determined by univariate and logistic multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: Portal vein diameter was an independent negative predictor of PVST on PODs 7, 30, and 90. Anticoagulation with @entity1229 was an independent positive predictor of PVST on PODs 30 and 90, and INR was an independent positive predictor of PVST on POD 90. Dynamic changes in the incidence of PVST on the day of admission and on PODs 7, 30, and 90 differed significantly between the @entity1229 and @entity117 groups (P  =  0.002). No @entity1 experienced perioperative @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein diameter was an independent negative predictor, while anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 and INR were independent positive predictors, of PVST after @entity10105 . Early anticoagulation with @entity1229 is safe and effective for the prevention of PVST after @entity10105 .

title: Negative and positive predictors of portal vein system XXXX after laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection: A 3-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the optimal cut-point for salivary @entity4874 concentration to identify smoking status in the adult population of Barcelona. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=1,117) of the adult population (>16 years) in Barcelona (2004-2005). This study gathered information on active and passive smoking by means of a questionnaire and a saliva sample for @entity4874 determination. We analyzed sensitivity and specificity according to sex, age, smoking status (daily and occasional), and exposure to second-hand smoke at home. ROC curves and the area under the curve were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of smokers (daily and occasional) was 27.8% (95% CI: 25.2-30.4%). The optimal cut-point to discriminate smoking status was 9.2 ng/ml (sensitivity=88.7% and specificity=89.0%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.952. The optimal cut-point was 12.2 ng/ml in @entity1 and 7.6 ng/ml in @entity1 . The optimal cut-point was higher at ages with a greater prevalence of smoking. Daily smokers had a higher cut-point than occasional smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal cut-point to discriminate smoking status in the adult population is 9.2 ng/ml, with sensitivities and specificities around 90%. The cut-point was higher in @entity1 and in younger @entity1 . The cut-point increases with higher prevalence of daily smokers.

title: [Optimal cut-point of salivary XXXX concentration to discriminate smoking status in the adult population in Barcelona].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity4874 :: (MESH:D003367,Chemical) :: ['cotinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologic collagen remodeling has been involved in the occurrence of @entity943 and @entity1164 in @entity712 . The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between @entity943 and cardiac collagen turnover indexes, expressing specific types of derangement in collagen physiology, in stable @entity1 with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with an @entity737 and @entity712 were studied. They had @entity453 (n = 42) or @entity384 , New York Heart Association classes I and II, and left ventricular ejection fraction 29%    1%. An @entity737 had been implanted for secondary (n = 36) or primary prevention of @entity1164 . We assessed (1) markers of collagen types I and III synthesis and their ratio: procollagen type I carboxyterminal peptide (PICP), procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide (PIIINP), and PICP/PIIINP; (2) markers of collagen degradation, degradation inhibition, and their ratio: @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ), and @entity1495 / @entity2843 . @entity1 were prospectively followed up for 1 year. The number of episodes necessitating appropriate interventions for @entity1165 (>170 beat/min) was related to the assessed parameters. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relation between the number of tachyarrhythmic episodes and @entity1495 / @entity2843 (P = .007), PICP/PIIINP (P = .007), and ejection fraction (P = .04). No other significant relation was observed between @entity943 and the remaining parameters. CONCLUSION: In @entity712 , biochemical markers indicative of a deranged equilirium in myocardial collagen deposition/degradation and collagen I/III synthesis are related to ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Further studies are needed to investigate their predictive ability.

title: Serum markers of deranged myocardial collagen turnover: their relation to XXXX in cardioverter-defibrillator recipients with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'malignant ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['malignant ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is an age-related disease. @entity1254 and @entity6300 form a protein complex in @entity1 blood, and that serum @entity6300 and @entity6300 -binding @entity1254 ( @entity6300 - @entity10793 ) concentrations can be measured. We investigated circulating @entity6300 and @entity6300 - @entity10793 levels in Japanese @entity1 including elderly @entity1 . FINDINGS: The study subjects were 509 Japanese @entity1 including elderly men. Serum levels of total @entity1254 (Total- @entity10793 ), high-molecular weight- @entity1254 (HMW- @entity10793 ), @entity6300 - @entity10793 and @entity6300 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total- @entity10793 , HMW- @entity10793 and @entity6300 - @entity10793 , but not @entity6300 , correlated significantly and positively with aging (r=0.26, r=0.24, r=0.17, p<0.01, respectively). The HMW- @entity10793 /Total- @entity10793 ratio correlated significantly and positively with aging (r=0.14, p<0.01). The @entity6300 - @entity10793 /Total- @entity10793 ratio and @entity6300 - @entity10793 /HMW- @entity10793 ratio correlated significantly and negatively with aging (r=-0.17, p<0.01, r=-0.12, p=0.01). @entity6300 - @entity10793 / @entity6300 correlated significantly and positively with aging (r=0.09, p=0.03). Multiple regression analysis identified age and body mass index as significant determinants of @entity6300 - @entity10793 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that serum HMW- @entity10793 , @entity6300 - @entity10793 , and Total- @entity10793 , but not @entity6300 , correlated positively with aging. These preliminary results could form the basis for future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">UMIN000004318.

title: Correlation of circulating XXXX and @entity6300 -binding @entity1254 concentrations with aging in males: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The causes of @entity854 and @entity1031 complications during staged Fontan approach in @entity1 with single ventricle remain unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the coagulation profile in the early postoperative period after hemi-Fontan and Fontan procedures with relationship to liver function and hemodynamic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study on 43 @entity1 after hemi-Fontan (group 1) and 37 @entity1 after Fontan procedure (group 2) was carried out. Coagulation profile (factor VII, factor VIII, @entity5582 , @entity2002 , prothrombin), liver function (total serum protein, albumin, @entity6571 , ALT, @entity648 ), and hemodynamic variables were assessed on postoperative day 1 and 5 and compared to preoperative measures. RESULTS: Factor VIII concentration was significantly higher on first postoperative day in both groups. On postoperative day 5 the concentration of factor VIII was significantly decreased in group 1 whereas constant in group 2. The concentration of factor VII, @entity5582 , @entity2002 , and prothrombin was significantly decreased on first and increased on fifth postoperative day after both hemi-Fontan and Fontan procedures. The increase in @entity648 concentration was more distinctive after Fontan operation (p=0.003) with lower @entity6571 in this group (p<0.0001). The single ventricle function, @entity4095 and central venous pressure had significant influence on factor VIII (p=0.034), factor VII (p=0.012), @entity5582 (p=0.006), and prothrombin (p=0.024) concentrations in group 2 with no significant influence in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The distinctive causes of @entity854 during staged Fontan approach are hemodynamic changes and temporary @entity409 . Elevated concentration of factor VIII and significant influence of hemodynamics on coagulation profile could contribute to postoperative @entity1031 complications.

title: XXXX and liver function after hemi-Fontan and Fontan procedures - the importance of hemodynamics in the early postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Coagulation abnormalities']


abstract: Familial cases of @entity401 ( @entity26807 ) have been reported to be linked to mutations of the @entity12481 ( @entity12481 ) gene. Based on this knowledge, we evaluated the characteristics of @entity1 with adult-onset @entity26807 in the Tokyo area using clinical and radiopathological findings, and further evaluated the genetic background of @entity1 with @entity26807 compared with @entity7173 @entity1 using genetic sequencing of the @entity12481 gene. A total of 22 @entity1 with @entity26807 from 13 families were identified, and the mean age at first diagnosis of these @entity1 was 50 +/- 2.7 years (range: 20-66 years). Based on the specimen histology, @entity2416 and non-specific @entity401 accounted for 64 and 36%, respectively. Distribution of the interstitial pattern in HRCT imaging resulted in 36% upper lung dominant, 5% whole lung and 59% lower lung dominant. Two missense mutations in exon 4 ( @entity45812 ) and exon 5 ( @entity45813 ) were identified in the @entity12481 gene from 11 cases with @entity26807 . Each exonic mutation consisted of DNA polymorphism. The frequencies of these DNA polymorphisms were evaluated among 11 subjects with @entity26807 , 30 subjects with @entity7173 , and 43 healthy volunteers as controls. Interestingly, the genotype and allele frequencies in exon 5 were statistically different among these groups. In particular, the @entity45813 substitution of exon 5 in the @entity12481 gene was shown in @entity1 with @entity26807 or @entity7173 , with a statistically higher frequency. While pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the @entity45813 missense variant may have potential susceptibility in the development of @entity7173 . The gene or genes that prove to be important in the development of @entity26807 may provide insights into the pathogenesis of other forms of @entity401 .

title: Clinical features and genetic analysis of @entity12481 in adult-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12481 :: ('6440', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein C', 'SP-C']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia', 'interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity7173 :: ('MESH:D007184', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic IP', 'IP']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['familial interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of exercise on @entity5707 after @entity583 is unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to test whether exercise undertaken during the healing phase of an acute @entity583 has an adverse effect on @entity5707 . METHODS: Before surgery, @entity35 (n = 94) were allocated randomly to one of four groups: 1) @entity1188 , swimming exercise; 2) @entity1188 , no exercise; 3) sham operation, swimming exercise; 4) sham operation, no exercise. Beginning 1 week after @entity1188 or sham operation, the @entity35 in the exercise groups swam twice daily for 2 weeks. After a deconditioning period of 5 days, the @entity35 were re-anesthetized, hemodynamic measurements were made, and the hearts were fixed for morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Swimming exercise had no effect on remodeling of @entity1188 . @entity35 with @entity1188 in the swimming and no exercise groups had similar @entity1188 thicknesses (1.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm respectively; NS), and similar degrees of @entity1188 expansion (expansion index 1.2 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 respectively; NS). Swimming exercise also had no effect on remodeling of non- @entity1188 . Left ventricular volumes and pressure-volume relationships were similar in exercised and non-exercised @entity1188 @entity35 . CONCLUSION: In @entity35 , 2 weeks of swimming exercise, started 1 week after acute experimental @entity583 and followed by 5 days of deconditioning, does not have an adverse effect on @entity5707 .

title: Early exercise after experimental @entity583 : effect on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

answer: @entity5707 :: (MESH:D020257,Disease) :: ['left ventricular remodeling']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fresh @entity715 formation at the coil-parent artery interface around the neck of @entity439 is sometimes observed during coil embolization of @entity438 . We retrospectively analyzed the factors associated with local acute @entity715 formation from the data of @entity1 treated over a period of 5 years at our institute. METHODS: Between November 2004 and March 2009, 242 @entity1 harboring 250 @entity439 were treated with endovascular coil embolization at our institute. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group A included 107 @entity1 who were treated and followed up during the initial 29 months of the study, and group B included 135 @entity1 who were treated and followed up during the later 24 months of the study. Clinical and angiographic variables of the procedures were statistically tested for correlation with @entity715 formation in the parent arteries. RESULTS: Fresh @entity715 formation occurred in six @entity1 with @entity439 (15%) and 11 @entity1 with @entity1756 (14%) in group A. Among the @entity1 with @entity439 , the dome-to-neck ratio and location of the @entity439 were independently associated with the risk of @entity715 formation, whereas among @entity1 with @entity1756 , a higher World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade and longer interventional duration were significantly associated with @entity715 formation. However, fresh @entity715 formation occurred in only two @entity1 with @entity439 (2.9%) and three @entity1 with @entity1756 (4.4%) in group B. There were no factors that were significantly associated with @entity715 formation in all Group B @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: With regard to coil embolization treatment, anatomical and morphological factors seem to be related to intraprocedural @entity715 formation in @entity1 with @entity439 , whereas duration of the intervention and preoperative status are associated factors in @entity1 with @entity1756 . Careful comparison of the @entity715 with control angiograms is important to prevent @entity532 . Moreover, the rate of fresh @entity715 formation during coil embolization has decreased over the past 5 years at our institute, suggesting the possibility of lowering the incidence of these complications by early detection and treatment.

title: Local @entity715 formation at the coil-parent artery interface during endovascular coil embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['thrombembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: 1. Toxicokinetics of @entity48023 ( @entity4901 ) were studied in F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 of both sexes by gavage at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg and by i.v. at 10 mg/kg. 2. @entity4901 was rapidly demethylated to @entity211 ( @entity212 ) in both @entity35 and @entity19 and the resulting @entity212 plasma concentrations were much higher than that of parent @entity4901 due to the much smaller apparent volume of distribution of @entity212 . 3. Peak plasma concentrations of @entity4901 and @entity212 increased with dose in both @entity35 and @entity19 . 4. Bioavailability of @entity4901 was low in both @entity35 and @entity19 and was sex independent. 5. The high plasma concentrations and relatively long biological half-life of @entity212 in both species after both i.v. and oral dosing with @entity4901 indicate possible bioaccumulation of @entity212 upon multiple oral administrations of @entity4901 .

title: Toxicokinetics of XXXX in F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity48023 :: ('MESH:C015421', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachloroanisole']

answer: @entity48023 :: (MESH:C015421,Chemical) :: ['pentachloroanisole']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 201Tl single photon emission tomography (SPET) in comparison with 67Ga SPET for distinguishing recurrent @entity5 in @entity1 previously treated for @entity135 . A total of 37 @entity1 with suspicion of recurrent @entity5 were investigated. SPET images with 201Tl were acquired 10min (early) and 3h (delayed) and SPET images with 67Ga were acquired 72h, after injection. The visual and semiquantitative (T/N ratio) analysis were performed. On visual analysis, results from early 201Tl SPET were the same as those from delayed 201Tl SPET. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of local recurrence using 201Tl SPET were all 100%. The three values using 201Tl SPET for neck lymph node @entity3 were 73%, 100% and 91%. The corresponding values using 67Ga SPET for local recurrence were 57%, 100% and 89%, respectively, and those using 67Ga SPET for neck lymph node @entity3 55%, 100% and 84%, respectively. In the semiquantitative analysis, there was a statistically higher T/N ratio obtained using 201Tl when compared with 67Ga. 201Tl early SPET, especially, has the potential to replace 67Ga SPET in the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Comparison of 201 Tl- with 67 Ga single photon emission tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a diagnostic marker for @entity67 or failure, @entity299 , and significant @entity340 in @entity1 over 75 years. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Outpatient echocardiography service in a district general hospital. @entity1 : 100 consecutive @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve for NT-proBNP assay in the diagnosis of @entity1002 or failure, @entity299 , and significant @entity340 . RESULTS: For diagnosis of @entity299 NT-proBNP level of 424 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 45%, positive predictive value of 36%, and negative predictive value of 96%. The area under the curve was 0.71 (95% confidence intervals: 0.69 to 0.89). In @entity340 , level of 227 pg/ml had sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 43%, positive predictive value of 40%, and negative predictive value of 92%. @entity1 with @entity67 /failure had lower plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that NT-proBNP had excellent negative predictive value for @entity299 and significant @entity340 in very elderly @entity1 . It increased significantly in @entity299 , @entity340 , and @entity955 . NT-proBNP is not useful in the diagnosis of @entity67 or @entity712 using standard echocardiography criteria.

title: Utility of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve heart disease', 'valve disorders']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']