abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of @entity5506 and Coombs positivity without overt @entity2142 in @entity31 , to determine possible subsets of @entity1 with @entity31 susceptible to this complication, and to assess the efficacy of the applied therapeutic modalities. METHODS: Three hundred and two @entity1 with @entity31 treated at the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, over a 6-yr period were included. Within this group, a subgroup of 152 @entity1 were studied prospectively for the presence of a positive direct Coombs test. RESULTS: @entity5506 was diagnosed in five of 302 @entity1 with @entity31 (1.7%). One more @entity1 developed @entity5714 , attributed to @entity3378 . A positive Coombs test without evidence of @entity2142 was found in three of 152 @entity1 (2%). The mean age of all Coombs-positive @entity1 was 50.5 yr, and there was a definitive male preponderance (male: female, 2:1). @entity5506 occurred during @entity1960 in all cases. The mean time between the onset of @entity1960 and the diagnosis of @entity5506 was 17 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity5506 (60%) and seven of nine of all Coombs-positive @entity1 (77.7%) had total @entity1960 . All @entity1 with @entity5506 were treated initially with large doses of corticosteroids. Three of five (60%) had good hematological responses. One @entity1 responded to the addition of @entity500 , and one underwent splenectomy and proctocolectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the frequency with which @entity5506 was associated with @entity31 was higher than in previous reports. The complication occurred early in the course of @entity1960 and was related to activity and extent of the disease. In contrast to others studies, we found a preponderance of males. Although corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive therapy was successful in most of our cases, one @entity1 required surgery.

title: @entity5506 and positive Coombs test associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'active colitis']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Inhibitors of @entity1812 (BK)-inactivating enzymes protect from @entity741 / @entity5721 after short periods of reperfusion. However, protection after 2 to 3 h of reperfusion does not mean that myocardium remains viable for an extended time. Therefore, we examined the effects of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ramiprilat), EP24.11 (cFP-F-pAB), and EP24.15 (cFP-AAF-pAB) in a chronic model of @entity741 / @entity5721 . A left descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min in anesthetized @entity95 . Saline, @entity42195 , or endopeptidase inhibitors were given after 27 min of occlusion. The @entity56267 antagonist @entity19616 was administered in certain experiments. After @entity63 , the occlusion was released, and the animal allowed to recover for 3 or 7 days. Surgery was then repeated, and the heart removed for determination of @entity1188 size. In separate experiments, the heart was removed after 2 h of reperfusion for determination of BK tissue levels. Ramiprilat and endopeptidase inhibitors reduced @entity1188 size at 3 and 7 days. Combining inhibitors further reduced @entity1188 size after 3 days. The protective effect of the endopeptidase inhibitors was blocked by @entity19616 . @entity1188 sizes at 7 days were larger than at 3 days. The additive effect of multiple inhibitors was absent at 7 days. Ramiprilat and cFP-F-pAB significantly increased tissue BK levels. We conclude that inhibition of BK-inactivating enzymes protects endogenous BK from degradation and provides long-lasting protection from @entity741 / @entity5721 . A single treatment at the time of reperfusion does not prevent extension of the infarction between 3 and 7 days.

title: Inhibitors of @entity1812 -inactivating enzymes decrease XXXX / @entity5721 following 3 and 7 days of reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity42195 :: ('MESH:C052549', 'Chemical') :: ['ramiprilat']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Experiments were carried out in normal @entity235 to characterize the mechanisms by which @entity4388 administration results in increased excretion of @entity1391 . Infusion of @entity4388 alone increased fractional @entity1391 excretion from 0.8 to 29.3%. During @entity3157 administration, ionized @entity460 fell and mean parathyroid hormone values increased from 59.6 to 230.4 muleq/ml. In the same group of @entity235 , administration of @entity4388 plus @entity460 prevented the fall in ionized @entity460 , and parathyroid hormone levels remained unchanged. In these @entity235 fractional @entity1391 excretion increased from 2.4 to only 4.9%. Similar results were obtained in thyroparathyroidectomized @entity235 receiving @entity4388 . In these @entity235 fractional excretion of @entity1391 increased from 0.6 to 4.5%. Under all three experimental conditions no differences were observed in @entity1372 or @entity3157 excretion or in urinary or plasma pH. Administration of @entity5836 , after @entity14104 had been induced by the infusion of @entity3157 , resulted in a decrease in plasma @entity3157 and an acid urine; however, the @entity14104 persisted even in the presence of an acid urine pH. In five thyroparathyroidectomized @entity235 infused with parathyroid hormone throughout, administration of identical amounts of @entity1372 as either @entity1219 or @entity5993 resulted in a similar degree of @entity14104 despite significant differences in urine pH. These experiments suggest that a rise in parathyroid hormone levels, resulting from a fall in ionized @entity460 , is the major mechanism by which @entity3157 administration produces @entity14104 . An increased natriuresis per nephron, as a consequence of extracellular fluid volume expansion, contributes to the @entity14104 . On the other hand, alkalinization of the urine does not play a significant role in the @entity14104 seen after @entity3157 administration.

title: On the mechanisms responsible for the XXXX of @entity3157 administration.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity14104 :: ('MESH:D007015', 'Disease') :: ['phosphaturia']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity14104 :: (MESH:D007015,Disease) :: ['phosphaturia']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with malignant, mixed @entity5 of the uterus were identified by retrospective chart review. Only 2 @entity1 were premenopausal at the time of diagnosis. Six of the @entity1 had previously received pelvic radiotherapy. Surgical/pathologic findings were inconsistent with clinical staging in 17 of the @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity5 were found to have extrauterine extension of @entity5 in 39% of the cases. Overall, 2- and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 40 and 18%, respectively. The surgical extent of disease was a major prognostic factor in @entity1 survival (P = 0.006). @entity1 with @entity5 showing no invasion or invasion limited to the inner two-thirds of the myometrium also demonstrated a significant survival advantage as compared to those with deeper myometrial invasion (P = 0.02). However, no statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between survival and @entity1 age, the nature of the sarcomatous element (homologous or heterologous), or the presence of cervical involvement. @entity1 with recurrent or persistent disease did poorly; only 4 @entity1 have survived more than 1 year after documentation of recurrent disease. Two @entity1 had prolonged disease stabilization with radiotherapy and @entity900 . Another @entity1 with pulmonary metastases had a 6-month, complete response to @entity900 .

title: Management of malignant, mixed XXXX of the uterus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage I tumors', 'tumors', 'mesodermal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mesodermal tumors']


abstract: @entity299 in @entity2012 manifests usually as @entity1283 . Based on a retrospective analysis, it was suggested that @entity1283 is slowly reversible after normalization of plasma growth hormone levels. The reversibility of acromegalic @entity299 during and after treatment of @entity2012 was studied prospectively. A cohort of 78 @entity1 was examined echocardiographically in 1981, and 38 survivors of this group were reexamined 10 years later. @entity1 were classified according to original hormonal activity in 1981, and change in hormonal activity during follow-up into the following 4 groups: group I--hormonally inactive for entire follow-up (n = 10); group II--hormonally active for entire follow-up (n = 11); group III--initially hormonally inactive with later resurgence (n = 6); and group IV--initially hormonally active with later normalization of growth hormone levels (n = 11). No significant echocardiographic changes occurred during follow-up in group I. Left ventricular posterior wall and septal diastolic thickness, and left ventricular mass increased significantly (all p < 0.05) in group II. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness, mass and diastolic volume increased significantly (p < 0.05, < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively) in group III. On the contrary, there were significant decreases in left ventricular mass, and both diastolic and systolic left ventricular volumes (p < 0.01, < 0.05 and < 0.05, respectively) in group IV. It is concluded that both @entity1184 and dilatation of the left ventricle in @entity2012 are slowly reversible after successful treatment. On the contrary, continuing or relapsed hyperproduction of growth hormone causes further deterioration of @entity299 .

title: Long-term echocardiographic follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acromegalic heart disease', 'heart muscle disease', 'Heart muscle disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['acromegalic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency, distribution and clinical significance of the antibodies to the fetal and/or adult @entity934 receptor (AChR) in @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). METHODS: AChR antibodies were detected by cell-based assay in the serum of ocular @entity1737 (OMG) (n = 90) and generalized @entity1737 (GMG) @entity1 (n = 110). The fetal-type (2a: b: y:   ) and adult-type (2a: b:   :   ) AChR were used as antigens, and their relevance to disease presentation was assessed. RESULTS: The overall frequencies of anti-adult and anti-fetal AChR antibodies were similar in all 200 @entity1 examined, with 14 having serum specific to the AChR-   subunit, and 22 to the AChR-   subunit. The overall sensitivity when using the fetal and adult AChR antibodies was higher than that when using the fetal AChR antibody only (P = 0.015). Compared with OMG @entity1 , the mean age at disease onset and the positive ratio of antibodies to both isoforms of the AChR were significantly higher in @entity1 who subsequently progressed to GMG. Older @entity1 and @entity1 with both anti-fetal and anti-adult AChR antibodies had a greater risk for developing generalized disease [odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.06 and OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.23-11.62]. CONCLUSION: Using both fetal- and adult-type AChRs as the antigens may be more sensitive than using either subtype. Patients with serum specific to both isoforms are at a greater risk of progressing to GMG. @entity1 with disease onset at an advanced age appear to have a higher frequency of GMG conversion.

title: Clinical significance of detection of antibodies to fetal and adult @entity934 receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that @entity855 is an enteric neurotransmitter that acts at P2Y1 excitatory purinergic receptors on intestinal secretomotor neurons to evoke @entity33 in the @entity840 . Ussing chamber methods for studying neurogenic intestinal secretion were used to test the hypothesis. Application of @entity855 evoked concentration-dependent increases in short circuit current (Isc) indicative of stimulation of electrolyte secretion. @entity24001 , a selective P2Y1 purinergic receptor antagonist, suppressed the @entity855 -evoked responses in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.9+/-0.1 microM. @entity1022 or a selective vasoactive intestinal peptide (VPAC1) receptor antagonist suppressed or abolished the @entity855 -evoked responses. A selective VPAC1 receptor antagonist also suppressed Isc responses evoked by electrical field stimulation of the secretomotor neurons. Secretory responses to @entity855 were not suppressed by @entity5591 , @entity5230 nor selective @entity859 receptor antagonists. Region-specific differences in responses to @entity855 corresponded to regional differences in the expression of mRNA transcripts for the P2Y1 receptor. Post-receptor signal transduction for the P2Y1-evoked responses involved stimulation of phospholipase C and an IP3/ @entity141 -calmodulin/protein kinase C signaling cascade. Our evidence suggests that @entity855 is released as a neurotransmitter to stimulate @entity33 by binding to P2Y1 receptors expressed by @entity6891 -ergic secretomotor neurons.

title: Neurogenic secretion mediated by the purinergic P2Y1 receptor in XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic mucosal secretion']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Chymotrypsinogen and proelastase 2 are the only pancreatic proteases with propeptides that remain attached to the active enzyme via a @entity1520 bridge. It is likely, although not proven, that these propeptides are functionally important in the active enzymes, as well as in the zymogens. A mutant chymotrypsin was constructed to test this hypothesis, but it was demonstrated that the lack of the propeptide had no effect on the catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, or folding of the protein [Venekei, I., et al. (1996) FEBS Lett. 379, 139-142]. In this paper, we investigate the role of the @entity1520 -linked propeptide in the conformational stability of chymotrypsin(ogen). We compare the stabilities of the wild-type and mutant proteins (lacking propeptide-enzyme interactions) in their zymogen (chymotrypsinogen) and active (chymotrypsin) forms. The mutants exhibited a substantially increased sensitivity to heat denaturation and @entity2097 unfolding, and a faster loss of activity at extremes of pH relative to those of their wild-type counterparts. From @entity2097 denaturation experiments, we determined that covalently linked propeptide provides about 24 kJ/mol of free energy of extra stabilization (Delta @entity56438 ). In addition, the mutant chymotrypsinogen lacked the normal resistance to digestion by pepsin. This may also explain (besides keeping the zymogen inactive) the evolutionary conservation of the propeptide-enzyme interactions. Tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism, microcalorimetric, and activity measurements suggest that the propeptide of chymotrypsin restricts the relative mobility between the two domains of the molecule. In pancreatic @entity563 proteases, such as trypsin, that lose the propeptide upon activation, this function appears to be accomplished via alternative interdomain contacts.

title: XXXX -linked propeptides stabilize the structure of zymogen and mature pancreatic @entity563 proteases.

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity56438 :: ('c|DEL||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['DeltaG']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['Disulfide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuroleptic-treated pediatric @entity1 with @entity19096 ( @entity19096 ) are at risk for developing @entity21 and @entity2358 . A preliminary examination of the incidence of @entity910 ( @entity910 ), @entity910 ( @entity910 ), and @entity21 in these @entity1 is presented. METHOD: Thirty-four @entity19096 @entity1 (mean age +/- SD, 14.2 +/- 2.1 years) were examined for @entity910 using the @entity910 Scale and for @entity21 using the Simpson-Angus Neurologic Rating Scale, after a 14- to 28-day drug-free period (n = 33), at week 6 of treatment and 2 to 4 years after completion of the study (n = 14). The mean (+/-SD) number of months of prior neuroleptic exposure for the group was 22.4 (15.0) months. RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) of 34 @entity1 were noted to have either @entity910 or @entity910 at some point during their participation in the studies. The majority of @entity1 experienced @entity910 that were mainly in the orofacial region, transient in nature, and diminished with @entity1767 and @entity1088 . @entity1 with @entity910 / @entity910 had greater levels of @entity73 (p = .02), increased severity of positive symptoms of @entity161 (p < .01), and a trend toward more months of neuroleptic exposure (p = .10, one-tailed). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of @entity19096 @entity1 were found to have @entity910 / @entity910 . The majority of these @entity910 were not severe and generally improved over time. @entity910 / @entity910 in @entity19096 appears to be associated with greater @entity73 , severity of illness, and duration of neuroleptic exposure. J. Am. Acad.

title: Case series: spectrum of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders and XXXX in @entity19096 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['premorbid impairment']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'TD', 'tardive dyskinesia', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movements', 'withdrawal dyskinesias', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity19096 :: ('MESH:D012561', 'Disease') :: ['childhood-onset schizophrenia', 'COS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal side effects']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['extrapyramidal side effects']


abstract: The level of different immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) in the tissues of 28 late fetuses and newborns was studied with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies. IgA+ and IgM+ lymphocytes were found in the spleen, lymph nodes and sometimes in the liver. IgG+ lymphocytes were not found. A high level of IgA+ material was found in the epithelium of the @entity825 , the epithelium and submucosal glands of the bronchi, but not the bronchioles, and in the epithelium of @entity1157 and in their lumina. Such IgA is considered to be secretory--sIgA. Secretory IgA-containing epithelial cells appeared at 20 to 21 weeks of gestation; their number increased from 2.5 cells/10,000 microns2 in 23- to 26-week-old fetuses, to 8 cells/10,000 microns2 in 36- to 40-week-old fetuses. Secretory IgG and IgM were not detected. In fetuses with @entity55 or @entity295 , the number of IgM+ and IgA+ lymphocytes increased significantly. IgM+ lymphocytes appeared not only in the spleen and lymph nodes, but also in the lungs. In such cases, the number of sIgA-containing epithelial cells in the @entity825 , bronchi and intrahepatic bile ducts decreased, sometimes completely disappearing. The amount of IgA+ material in the lumina of these organs increased, reflecting an intensification of sIgA secretion during infections. The presence of a marked amount of sIgA in fetuses from week 20 of gestation is considered to reflect the high importance of this immunoglobulin against normal contamination by microbes after birth, and to evidence the early maturation of the immune system.

title: Immunoglobulin A in the epithelium of the respiratory tract and intrahepatic bile ducts of fetuses and newborns with XXXX and @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricle (LV) is a @entity395 , classified as a primary @entity74 by the American Heart Association. The European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases classified LV noncompaction as an unclassified @entity296 . LV noncompaction @entity296 characterized by the following features: 1) an altered myocardial wall with prominent trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses resulting in thickened myocardium with two layers, consisting of compacted and noncompacted myocardium and 2) continuity between the left ventricular cavity and the deep intertrabecular recesses, which are filled with blood from the ventricular cavity, without evidence of communication with the epicardial coronary artery system. Features of LV noncompaction can overlap with @entity384 , @entity1121 (especially the apical variant), and @entity296 . The phenotypic expression can vary considerably within the same family. The LV noncompaction can rarely occur as a transient phenomenon during @entity2401 . We present the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 , admitted to our Department for cardiac evaluation because of ECG changes and cardiac enlargement revealed at thoracic radiography. She had a history of chronic @entity3252 . An echocardiography was performed revealing @entity1002 with severe @entity299 and @entity67 , diffuse @entity2845 and signs of isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Under these circumstances, we have considered the presence of isolated left ventricular non-compaction. A cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed and it sustained the diagnosis. The alternative cause of isolated left ventricular noncompaction (prominent trabeculation due to @entity296 ) was considered improbable.

title: @entity74 or XXXX : a case report of @entity384 with hypertrabeculation in a young asymptomatic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['toxoplasma myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although much is known about childhood @entity148 , the differential contributions by mothers and fathers to @entity1 @entity148 is poorly understood. This study examined the relation between @entity1 @entity148 and parental level of psychopathology, attachment style, and reflective functioning (RF). DESIGN: Thirty-eight clinically anxious @entity1 aged 7-12 years (55.3% female) referred for treatment and their parents (37 mothers, 34 fathers) participated in the study. METHOD: Reflective functioning was coded based on Adult Attachment Interviews. Self-report questionnaires on attachment and psychopathology were administered. RESULTS: Paternal psychopathology, attachment avoidance, and @entity148 as well as maternal @entity148 were associated with @entity1 @entity148 . Mothers had higher RF abilities than fathers. Lower levels of RF in mothers and higher levels of attachment avoidance in fathers explained 42% of the variance in @entity148 levels of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Mothers and fathers may provide unique contributions to the development of @entity1 @entity148 . The findings highlight the importance of considering fathers as well as mothers in research and treatment for childhood @entity148 .

title: Anxiety levels in clinically referred XXXX and their parents: examining the unique influence of self-reported attachment styles and interview-based reflective functioning in mothers and fathers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'attachment anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The functional 5A/6A polymorphism of the stromelysin-1 promoter has been implicated as a potential genetic marker for the progression of angiographically determined @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity453 . Recently, a novel @entity650 ( @entity650 ) gene functional @entity9063 polymorphism at -174 in the promoter has also been reported. In this study, we analyzed the relation of these two polymorphisms with carotid artery @entity731 in 109 randomly selected, middle-aged @entity1 without exercise-induced @entity63 . @entity731 was quantified as @entity121 ( @entity121 ) by high-resolution ultrasonography. Univariately, stromelysin genotype was significantly (P:=0.015) associated with @entity121 , and this relation remained (P:=0.033) after adjustments for age, @entity410 , body mass index, smoking, LDL @entity165 , and systolic blood pressure and for sonographers. The 5A/6A polymorphism independently explained 7% of the variance in carotid bifurcation @entity121 . The @entity650 polymorphism was also significantly associated (P:=0. 036) with increased @entity121 , with @entity1 homozygous for the G allele having @entity121 that was 11% greater than @entity1 homozygous for the C allele. @entity1 who were homozygous for both the 6A and G alleles had an covariate adjusted @entity121 that was 36% greater than @entity1 who were homozygous for neither allele (P:<0.003). These data suggest that genetic factors that predispose to reduced matrix remodeling (stromelysin 6A allele) and to increased @entity32 ( @entity650 G allele) combine to increase susceptibility for intima-media thickening in the carotid bifurcation, a predilection site for @entity731 .

title: Stromelysin-1 and XXXX gene promoter polymorphisms are determinants of asymptomatic carotid artery @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9063 :: ('c|SUB|G||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G/C']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The cell cycle must be involved in cell proliferation of the epithelium of @entity5479 Cyclins and @entity1364 -dependent kinase (CDK) complexes have important regulatory roles during cell cycle progression. @entity1364 -CDK complexes are in turn regulated by the @entity1364 -dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs), which generally inhibit cell cycle progression. One of the important CDKI members is @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ). The goal of this study is to evaluate the expression of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and Ki-67, a proliferation marker, in @entity3540 and in the skin of the external ear canal. METHODS: The expressions of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) and Ki-67 in @entity3540 epithelium (n = 20) and ear canal epithelium (n = 7) were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: In @entity3540 epithelium specimens, the expression of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) was observed from the parabasal layer to the granular layer, but not in the basal layer. Ki-67 was expressed dominantly in the basal and parabasal cell layers. Their expressions tend to be increased compared with their expressions in the normal ear canal skin. The expression pattern of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the epithelial layers of two groups was inversely related to the expression of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3540 , the expressions of CDKI and Ki-67 were both increased in this study. The ability to inhibit proliferative activity was also increased in the @entity3540 epithelium. The expression pattern of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the epithelial layers was inversely related to the expression of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ). Not only is the proliferation activity increased, but also the ability to inhibit hyperproliferation is increased in the @entity3540 epidermis. Despite increased proliferative activity in the @entity3540 epidermis, epithelial cells still retain the capability to prevent cell cycle arrest by means of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ).

title: Expression patterns of @entity13525 and Ki-67 in XXXX epithelium.

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to study the prognostic significance of circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) and the appropriate indications for @entity146 surgery in advanced @entity521 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Micrometastasis was sequentially explored using our reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method in 29 @entity521 @entity1 (International @entity521 Staging System stage 4, n = 24; stage 3, n = 5) who treated at our department with the united chemotherapeutic regimen since 1991. Their medical records and detection of CTC and/or the bone marrow micrometastasis were retrospectively reviewed then analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 58.6% (17/29). Circulating @entity5 cells were detected in 55.6% of the stage 4 @entity1 , and all @entity204 were related to systemic @entity3 in the CTC-positive @entity1 . The detection of CTC scarcely associated with @entity4180 amplification. In the @entity1 showing @entity4180 amplification but no CTC, all @entity204 were related to local relapse or chemotherapy-associated complications. The survival rate was not significantly different between the @entity1 with and without @entity4180 amplification (56.8% vs 52.7%). However, it was significantly lower in the @entity1 with CTC and/or persistent bone marrow micrometastasis compared to those without detectable micrometastasis (33.8% vs 87.5%; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CTC and/or persistent micrometastasis may indicate a significantly high risk, regardless of @entity4180 amplification. @entity1 with @entity4180 amplification but no micrometastasis would be most benefited by highly intensive surgery.

title: Prognostic significance of circulating XXXX cells and bone marrow micrometastasis in advanced @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the results of treatment of posterior @entity397 (PUR) by primary realignment with some modifications of the technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 25 @entity1 (mean age, 33.5 years; range, 18 to 70 years) in whom PUR had been proved underwent primary urethral realignment. All @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively for @entity322 , @entity323 , and urethral stricture. They were followed for a mean of 20 months (range, 9 to 27 months). RESULTS: In 20 of 25 @entity1 (80%), posterior @entity397 was associated with @entity174 and in 2 (8%), @entity1494 was also present. None of the @entity1 had @entity322 . Six @entity1 (24%) had evidence of postoperative stricture that required @entity384 and/or direct vision internal urethrotomy in 2 or 3 procedures under local anesthesia. @entity323 was reported by 4 @entity1 (16%) as a decreased quality of erection, all of whom responded to @entity7855 . CONCLUSION: We believe that primary realignment of PUR is a simple procedure associated with low morbidity. It is recommended for @entity1 who are stable and have no other significant intra-abdominal and pelvic organ injuries.

title: Primary realignment of posterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder rupture']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['urethral rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['urethral rupture']


abstract: We have described a method for the microtransplantation of a suspension of a few thousand cells from mid to late embryonic @entity19 hippocampi into the fimbria of immunosuppressed adult @entity35 hosts. There was close graft-to-host contact, across a non-scarred interface. The transplanted cells included @entity1251 type pyramids, and were enclosed within the host myelinated fibre tract, whose glial framework was largely undisturbed. Immunohistochemistry of two species-specific markers (M6 and Thy-1.2) showed that the donor @entity19 neurons grew fine (< 0.5 micron diameter) axons which extended singly or in fascicles through the @entity35 host fimbria for a maximum distance of at least 10 mm. The donor axons were intimately integrated among and closely aligned to the host tract axons and to the interfascicular glial rows of the host tract. The axons travelled (i) laterally through the ipsilateral fimbria, (ii) medially across the midline in the ventral hippocampal commissure to reach the contralateral fimbria and alveus, and (iii) rostro-medially to the septum. On approaching the terminal fields appropriate to hippocampal @entity1251 pyramidal cell axons, the transplant axons gave rise to fine preterminal branches which were continuous with a reticular or amorphous immunoreactivity in the stratum oriens and stratum pyramidale of the ipsilateral hippocampus, and in the lateral and triangular septal nuclei. The donor axons extended along the host fimbria at a rate of approximately 1 mm per day, reaching their terminal field destinations by approximately 1-2 weeks. At 7 weeks the projections were maintained, but with little further extension. These observations indicate that the microenvironment of myelinated adult fibre tracts is permissive for an abundant and rapid growth of axons from transplanted embryonic cell suspensions. These axons can leave host tracts to invade appropriate terminal fields.

title: Long fibre growth by axons of embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons microtransplanted into the adult XXXX fimbria.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity150 are rare in @entity1 . A number of descriptive terms have previously been used to describe @entity5 with myofibroblastic proliferation or @entity1712 . We present our experience with these @entity5 and review the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all @entity1 presenting with a benign focal bladder mass during the last 5 years, including 2 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 2 to 12 years old (mean age 7). RESULTS: Presenting symptomatology included @entity146 , @entity158 and @entity811 . All bladder masses were diagnosed by ultrasonography and all @entity1 underwent transurethral resection. Three @entity1 who had an inflammatory @entity150 with myofibroblastic features required open @entity5 excision with preservation of the bladder. In the 2 remaining @entity1 urine culture was positive preoperatively and the diagnosis was an inflammatory @entity150 with @entity1712 . Transurethral resection of the mass was performed without partial cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory myofibroblastic and @entity5 represent forms of focal @entity2335 with a tumefactive component. Differentiation from the @entity150 of childhood has important consequences for therapy. Management of these benign but aggressive inflammatory lesions involves local control by endoscopic or open surgery with bladder preservation. We encourage refined use of the terminology for inflammatory myofibroblastic and @entity5 .

title: Pediatric inflammatory XXXX : myofibroblastic and eosinophilic subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative voiding symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eosinophilic tumors', 'inflammatory tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'malignant bladder neoplasms', 'Benign bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suprapubic pain']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the technical, functional and immunologic aspects in the multivisceral transplantation using @entity235 model. After removal of upper abdominal organs en bloc, the composite graft including the liver, pancreas, spleen and duodenum was orthotopically transplanted in 35 @entity235 . Ten recipients survived more than 3 days, and 6 more than 6 days. Cause of early @entity204 was massive lymphatic leakage, and late @entity204 was due to acute rejection or other complications. As technical considerations, perfusion of the graft should be only via aorta to prevent @entity4 , and reperfusion should be at first with arterial blood flow to minimize the ischemic damage of the graft. Hepatic and @entity4903 were recovered by 3 days, after grafting, and 2-3 days later pancreas-exocrine function was restored. Thereafter the hepatic function was progressively deteriorated again from 6 to 8th day, although the pancreatic function was well maintained until @entity204 . At autopsy this @entity409 was histologically confirmed to be caused by severe acute rejection. On the other hand, the pancreas and duodenum were morphologically almost normal. The results demonstrated the dissociation in functional recovery after grafting and extent of rejection reaction among each grafted organ in the multivisceral transplantation.

title: [Experimental study of multi-visceral transplantation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic edema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['pancrease-endocrine functions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It is known that @entity2757 , a member of the S100 @entity460 -binding protein family, is associated with @entity32 , including @entity2521 . Our previous population-based study found an association between two polymorphisms, @entity54794 ( @entity4866 ) and @entity54795 ( @entity4866 ), in the upstream region of the @entity2757 gene and aggressive @entity2521 ( @entity14214 ) in Chinese @entity1 . Based on those results, this investigation set out to analyze and corroborate whether the association also exists within families. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and four subjects from 73 nuclear families were recruited. All probands and their relatives were diagnosed according to the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases. Anticoagulated peripheral blood samples were collected from all the subjects, and DNA was extracted. The two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; @entity54794 and @entity54795 ) were detected and analyzed by standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Analysis of genotype/allele was performed by Family-Based Association Test (FBAT) software ( http://www.biostat.harvard.edu/~fbat/default.html). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association of the SNP @entity54794 with @entity14214 in the additive genetic model (chi(2) = 3.9836, d.f. = 1, p = 0.0459). Allele A showed significantly preferential transmission to the @entity14214 affected individuals (Z = 1.996, p = 0.0459). The other SNP, @entity54795 , showed no significant results in all models. CONCLUSIONS: This family-based association study supports the previous findings that SNP @entity54794 ( @entity4866 ) of the @entity2757 gene might contribute to @entity14214 susceptibility. This is, to our knowledge, the first investigation about @entity14214 using FBAT in genetic analysis.

title: Family-based association analysis of XXXX genetic polymorphisms with aggressive @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A > G']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Gene) :: ['S100A8']


abstract: To establish a rapid test for @entity699 we measured serum @entity701 during and following iv @entity619 infusion (5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 5 h from 10.00 h) in @entity28 (N = 19) and in @entity699 (N = 12). We had first established that 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 was the lowest dose which consistently lowered serum @entity701 in @entity28 . In @entity28 , serum cortisols ranged from undetectable (less than 30) to 48 nmol/l at 17.00, less than 30 to 37 at 19.00 and less than 30 to 38 at 08.00 h the following day. Serum @entity701 at these three times did not show any overlap between @entity28 and @entity699 . Having established these findings we proceeded to study a group of @entity1 with @entity2670 . These @entity1 behaved differently. Their values at 17.00 and 19.00 h did not overlap those of @entity699 . However, at 08.00 h, 5 of the 7 had values within the range seen in @entity699 with a mean of 290 +/- 99 nmol/l. In conclusion, 17.00 and 19.00 h serum @entity701 levels distinguish between @entity699 and both @entity28 and @entity2670 . However, in the latter, @entity701 suppression is less prolonged than in @entity28 . This finding may be important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: A weight-related intravenous XXXX suppression test distinguishes obese controls from @entity1 with @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'simple obesity']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of three-tube insertion for the treatment of @entity86 (GEAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2007 to January 2011, 28 cases of postoperative GEAL after an esophagectomy with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomotic procedures for esophageal and @entity4617 were treated by the insertion of three tubes under fluoroscopic guidance. The three tubes consisted of a drainage tube through the leak, a nasogastric decompression tube, and a nasojejunum feeding tube. The study population consisted of 28 @entity1 (18 males, 10 females) ranging in their ages from 36 to 72 years (mean: 59 years). We evaluated the feasibility of three-tube insertion to facilitate leakage site closure, and the @entity1 ' nutritional benefit by checking their serum albumin levels between pre- and post-enteral feeding via the feeding tube. RESULTS: The three tubes were successfully placed under fluoroscopic guidance in all twenty-eight @entity1 (100%). The procedure times for the three tube insertion ranged from 30 to 70 minutes (mean time: 45 minutes). In 27 of 28 @entity1 (96%), leakage site closure after three-tube insertion was achieved, while it was not attained in one @entity1 who received stent implantation as a substitute. All @entity1 showed good tolerance of the three-tube insertion in the nasal cavity. The mean time needed for leakage treatment was 21    3.5 days. The serum albumin level change was significant, increasing from pre-enteral feeding (2.5    0.40 g/dL) to post-enteral feeding (3.7    0.51 g/dL) via the feeding tube (p < 0.001). The duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 60 months (mean: 28 months). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the insertion of three tubes under fluoroscopic guidance is safe, and also provides effective relief from postesophagectomy GEAL. Moreover, our findings suggest that three-tube insertion may be used as the primary procedure to treat postoperative GEAL.

title: Fluoroscopically guided three-tube insertion for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gastroesophageal anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac carcinoma']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative gastroesophageal anastomotic leakage']


abstract: Normal and @entity5 stem cells are present in rare quantities in tissues and this has historically represented a major hurdle to in-depth investigations of their biology. In the case of the mammary gland, the relative promiscuity of the immunophenotypical markers described in several studies for the isolation of @entity1 and @entity19 mammary stem cells limits their usefulness, in particular when highly purified mammary stem cell fractions are required for an in-depth molecular and functional characterization (Stingl et al. Nature 439:993-997, 2006; Shackleton et al. Nature 439:84-88, 2006; Liao et al. @entity5 Res 67:8131-8138, 2007; Eirew et al. Nat Med 14:1384-1389, 2008; Raouf et al. Cell Stem Cell 3:109-118, 2008; Lim et al. Nat @entity34986 :907-913, 2009). In fact, most so-called stem cell markers are not selectively expressed by mammary stem cells, but are instead also expressed by terminally differentiated luminal and/or myoepithelial cells or by bipotent progenitors within the mammary gland (Stingl et al. Nature 439:993-997, 2006; Eirew et al. Nat Med 14:1384-1389, 2008; Raouf et al. Cell Stem Cell 3:109-118, 2008; Stingl et al. Differentiation 63:201-213, 1998; Jones et al. @entity5 Res 64:3037-3045, 2004). Here, we describe a new methodology that does not require the use of immunophenotypical markers to obtain highly pure populations of mammary stem cells. This approach exploits two functional properties of mammary stem cells: (1) their quiescent or slowly proliferative phenotype, as compared to their progeny; and (2) their ability to survive and proliferate in anchorage-independent conditions, giving rise to clonal spheroids, commonly known as "mammospheres" (Dontu et al. Genes Dev 17:1253-1270, 2003; Pece et al. Cell 140:62-73, 2010; Cicalese et al. Cell 138:1083-1095, 2009). In the context of mammospheres, stem cells, which perform one or two rounds of division and then reenter quiescence, are identified based on their ability to retain a lipophilic fluorescent dye, @entity13214 , that is by contrast progressively lost by dilution in the actively proliferating progeny of precursors (Pece et al. Cell 140:62-73, 2010; Cicalese et al. Cell 138:1083-1095, 2009). Following mammosphere dissociation, the differential degree of @entity13214 epifluorescence displayed by stem cells compared to precursor cells is exploited for their purification by FACS sorting. As a result, the scarcely represented @entity13214 -labeled mammary stem cells are purified to near homogeneity and can be used for further molecular and biological studies.

title: Functional purification of XXXX and @entity19 mammary stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4357 such as @entity19065 and @entity8737 promote cell survival and protect against apoptosis by activating @entity584 , which phosphorylates components of the apoptotic machinery. We now report that another phosphoinositide, @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) is a direct inhibitor of initiator caspases 8 and 9, and their common effector @entity522 . PIP2 inhibited procaspase 9 processing in cell extracts and in a reconstituted procaspase 9/ @entity3437 apoptosome system. It inhibited purified @entity522 and 8 activity, at physiologically attainable PIP2 levels in mixed lipid vesicles. @entity522 binding to PIP2 was confirmed by cosedimentation with mixed lipid vesicles. Overexpression of @entity49097 5-kinase alpha ( @entity55027 ), which synthesizes PIP2, suppressed apoptosis, whereas a kinase-deficient mutant did not. Protection by the wild-type @entity55027 was accompanied by decreases in the generation of activated caspases and of @entity522 -cleaved @entity9190 . Protection was not mediated through PIP3 or Akt activation. An anti-apoptotic role for @entity1078 is further substantiated by our finding that @entity55027 was cleaved by @entity522 during apoptosis, and cleavage inactivated @entity55027 in vitro. Mutation of the P(4) position ( @entity55028 ) of the @entity55027 @entity522 cleavage consensus prevented cleavage in vitro, and during apoptosis in vivo. Significantly, the @entity522 -resistant @entity55027 mutant was more effective in suppressing apoptosis than the wild-type kinase. These results show that PIP2 is a direct regulator of apical and effector caspases in the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, and that @entity55027 inactivation contributes to the progression of apoptosis. This novel feedforward amplification mechanism for maintaining the balance between life and death of a cell works through phosphoinositide regulation of caspases and caspase regulation of @entity7425 synthesis.

title: Regulation of apoptosis by XXXX inhibition of caspases, and caspase inactivation of @entity49097 5-kinases.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['PIP(2)', 'phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate', 'PIP2']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity49097 :: ('CHEBI:28765', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8737 :: ('MESH:C060980', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity19065 :: ('MESH:C060974', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoinositides']

answer: @entity1078 :: (CHEBI:18348,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liquid purgatives for cleansing before colonoscopy often are poorly tolerated. A @entity10457 tablet has been developed to provide equivalent efficacy with better @entity1 tolerance. These 2 studies compare the safety, efficacy, and @entity1 acceptance of the tablet (Visicol) to a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) solution in adults undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS: Two identically designed, randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter trials were performed. The primary efficacy variable was the overall quality of colon cleansing. @entity1 tolerance was assessed in terms of compliance with the dosing regimen. Safety assessments included recording of adverse events and changes in biochemical tests, electrocardiogram, and vital signs. RESULTS: Eight hundred forty-five @entity1 participated in the studies; 420 took @entity10457 tablets and 425 took a @entity970 solution. The 2 methods of preparation were equivalent in the overall quality of colon cleansing, cleansing in the right colon, and the frequency of inadequate preparation. Overall cleansing was excellent or good in 84.3% of @entity1 in the tablet group and in 76.7% in the @entity970 group. @entity1 compliance was greater in the tablet group. There were also significantly fewer GI side effects in this group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10457 tablets, compared with @entity970 solution, produce equivalent colon cleansing, are associated with fewer GI side effects, and are better tolerated by @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX tablets compared with @entity970 solution in colon cleansing: two identically designed, randomized, controlled, parallel group, multicenter phase III trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate', 'Sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity10457 :: (MESH:C018279,Chemical) :: ['sodium phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to delineate the visual prognosticators in @entity309 -associated @entity1596 . METHODS: The records of 43 @entity1 with @entity309 -associated @entity1596 who were observed for at least 6 months were studied retrospectively. Bivariate and multivariate statistical models were applied to more than 40 parameters to determine the relative odds of visual rehabilitation among @entity1 with each characteristic. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (86%) @entity1 were females and 6 (14%) males. The mean known age of @entity1596 onset was 13 years, with females having, on average, 4 years earlier onset of disease compared to males (P = 0.04). Ninety-three percent had chronic, 5% had recurrent, and 2% had an acute monophasic disease course. Of the 76 affected eyes, 93% were nongranulomatous and 97% had @entity5502 . The mean overall duration of @entity1596 was 146 months, with females suffering from a significantly longer duration of active disease than did males (P < 0.001). Nineteen (44%) @entity1 underwent @entity231 extraction, and 16 (37%) underwent vitrectomy. Thirty (70%) of the @entity1 experienced visual improvement with their therapy. When controlling for potential confounders, male sex (P = 0.006), shorter duration of @entity1596 (P = 0.007), older age at disease onset (P = 0.02), and a shorter delay in presentation to a subspecialist (P = 0.02) were associated significantly with visual acuity improvement. Visual acuity at presentation (P = 0.001), use of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (P = 0.01), older age at disease onset (P = 0.02), absence of @entity16 (P = 0.02), and male sex (P = 0.03) were correlated strongly with a final visual acuity outcome of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: @entity309 -associated @entity1596 is a serious disease with a guarded visual prognosis. It is hoped that increased awareness of its prognosticators will lead to treatment and referral patterns that have the best chance of minimizing the likelihood of @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Visual outcomes prognosticators in XXXX -associated @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: This retrospective study evaluated predisposing factors, clinical picture and the methods of treatment related to morbidity and mortality of 19 @entity29 ( @entity29 ) who underwent operation at Belen Hospital (Trujillo-Peru) during the last 26 years (1966-1992). The @entity29 was 1.6% of all cases of @entity1321 in this period and 10.8% of all intestinal @entity3313 . The median age was of 43 +/- 20.5 years (range, 6 to 78 years) and the majority of them were between 41 and 60 years. Sixteen cases (84.2%) were @entity1 from Indian and Spanish extraction and most of them were farmers and came from the Sierra of the Department of La Libertad. Two cases (10.5%) had non-related antecedents previous surgery. In six @entity1 (31.6%) the @entity3313 was less than seven day's duration and in thirty (68.4%) it was more eight day's duration with previous attacks of obstruction (median: 19.3 days, range: 17 hours to 94 days). @entity158 , @entity391 and distention were present in almost all of these cases. The most frequent abdominal finding was distention. The location of the @entity3313 was: ileum, 12 cases (63.2%), root of mesentery, 4 cases (21%) and jejunum, 3 cases (15.8%). Gangrenous bowel was present in six @entity1 (31.5) and gangrenous intestine with perforation in two cases (10.5%) who underwent resection of the involved segment with primary @entity254 . In this group one @entity1 (5.2%) died of @entity295 and the wound infection rate was of 37.5%. There was no statistically significant correlation with the duration of illness and the presence of gangrenous loops or the mortality rate (p > 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Predisposing factors, clinical picture and mortality in XXXX of the small intestine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['SBV', 'small bowel volvulus']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity3313 :: (MESH:D045822,Disease) :: ['volvulus']


abstract: Purification of selenoprotein P from @entity35 plasma has allowed detailed characterization of the protein from that species. Chromatographic studies have revealed the existence of at least two isoforms of the protein. One isoform is a truncated protein with termination of protein synthesis occurring at the second @entity16266 codon. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that the @entity35 protein is associated with capillary endothelial cells in the liver, kidney, and brain. In vivo experiments were designed to study the relationship between selenoprotein P and lipid peroxidation. F2 @entity10329 were measured to quantitate the extent of lipid peroxidation caused by diquat. Using @entity4259 -deficient @entity35 supplemented with @entity4259 , it was demonstrated that selenoprotein P appearance correlated with disappearance of @entity8229 -induced lipid peroxidation. This finding is consistent with the protein serving to protect the plasma membrane from oxidative damage. Development of a radioimmunoassay to measure selenoprotein P has allowed assessment of the protein in @entity1 . Measurements of the protein in @entity4259 -deficient Chinese subjects indicated that it can be used as an index of @entity4259 nutritional status in @entity1 .

title: Selenoprotein P: recent studies in XXXX and in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluate the safety, morbidity and complication rates for first and repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective European @entity263 Detection Study 1,051 @entity1 , with total prostate specific antigen between 4 and 10 ng./ml., underwent transrectal ultrasound guided sextant biopsy plus 2 additional transition zone biopsies. Biopsy samples were also obtained from suspicious areas identified during transrectal ultrasound and digital rectal examination. All 820 @entity1 with biopsy samples negative for @entity263 underwent re-biopsy after 6 weeks. Immediate and delayed (range 1 to 7 days) morbidity, @entity1 satisfaction and complication rates were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 1,051 subjects the initial biopsy was positive for @entity263 in 231 and negative, including @entity1067 or benign tissue, in 820. Of these 820 @entity1 @entity263 was detected in 10% (83) on re-biopsy. Minor or no discomfort was observed in 92% and 89% of @entity1 at first and re-biopsy, respectively (p = 0.29). Immediate morbidity was minor and included @entity548 (2.1% versus 2.4%, p = 0.13), mild @entity811 (62% versus 57%, p = 0.06), severe @entity811 (0.7% versus 0.5%, p = 0.09) and moderate to severe @entity2749 (2.8% versus 1.4%, respectively, p = 0.03). Delayed morbidity of first and re-biopsy was comprised of fever (2.9% versus 2.3%, p = 0.08), @entity13426 (9.8% versus 10.2%, p = 0.1), recurrent mild @entity811 (15.9% versus 16.6%, p = 0.06), persistent @entity3833 (7.2% versus 6.8%, p = 0.12) and @entity293 (10.9% versus 11.3%, respectively, p = 0.07). Major complications were rare and included urosepsis (0.1% versus 0%) and @entity548 that required intervention (0% versus 0.1%, respectively). Furthermore, an age dependent pattern of @entity158 apprehension during biopsy was observed with the highest scores in @entity1 younger than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is generally well tolerated with minor morbidity only rarely requiring treatment. Re-biopsy can be performed 6 weeks later with no significant difference in @entity158 or morbidity. @entity1 younger than 60 years should be counseled in regard to a higher level of discomfort, and local and topical anesthesia if desired.

title: Safety and morbidity of first and repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsies: results of a prospective XXXX detection study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal episodes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity13426 :: ('MESH:D051516', 'Disease') :: ['hematospermia']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['European prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV) types 16 and 18 are clearly involved in the etiology of @entity5 , but the evidence for the carcinogenicity of other HPV types is limited. Cofactors involved in the progression from infection with HPV to high-grade precursors and @entity5 have not been clearly defined by the results of previous studies. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study of @entity3 to investigate risk in relation to @entity281 and its epidemiologic cofactors in Hat-Yai, Thailand. A total of 338 @entity1 with @entity957 , 39 @entity1 with @entity420 / @entity1962 , and 261 control subjects were included in the study and were interviewed to obtain information with regard to @entity5 risk factors. HPV DNA presence in cervical exfoliated cells or frozen biopsy specimens was determined by a polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 95% of @entity1 with @entity957 , 90% of those with @entity420 / @entity1962 , and 16% of control subjects. For @entity1 with @entity957 , the most common types of HPV found were type 16 (60% of the positives), type 18 (18%), type 58 (3%), type 52 (3%), and type 31 (2%). For @entity1 with @entity420 / @entity1962 , the most common HPV types found were type 18 (60% of the positives), type 16 (37%), and type 45 (3%). The risk factors that remained associated with risk of both histologic types after adjustment for HPV and their mutual confounding effects were limited education, increasing number of sexual partners, history of @entity2953 , and interval since last Pap smear (i.e., cytologic) test. Among @entity1 with @entity957 , some association with smoking was also observed. CONCLUSION: New preventive strategies for @entity5 will require the consideration of multiple HPV types.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in Thailand: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the expression profiles of @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ), @entity20319 ( @entity20319 ), and betaIII-tubulin between @entity1 with primary @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and those with metastatic lymph nodes and to identify the prognostic significance of each chemotherapy resistance protein. MATERIALS: Those who met the inclusion criteria were @entity1 (1) with @entity1149 , (2) with metastatic lymph nodes (N1 or N2), and (3) who underwent surgical resection followed by @entity902 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 82 @entity1 were included in the study. The expression profile of each protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and compared according to @entity5 location. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 57.5 +/- 8.4 years. There were 30 N1 and 52 N2 @entity1 . @entity11833 expression was upregulated in 55% and downregulated in 8% of metastatic lymph nodes, when compared with @entity5 (p < 0.05). @entity20319 was also upregulated in 56% and downregulated in 6% (p < 0.05). However, betaIII-tubulin was upregulated in 12% and downregulated in 45% of @entity1 (p < 0.05). betaIII-tubulin expression in metastatic lymph nodes was greater in @entity1 with @entity420 than other cell types. Upregulation of @entity11833 in metastatic lymph nodes was a poor prognostic factor in N1 @entity1 but not in N2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in the expression profile of each protein were observed in metastatic lymph nodes. The resistance protein-guided treatment should be performed after integrative interpretation of expression profiles of each protein in both primary and metastatic sites.

title: Differences in the expression profiles of @entity11833 , @entity20319 , and betaIII-tubulin between primary XXXX and metastatic lymph nodes and the significance in mid-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11833 :: ('2067', 'Gene') :: ['excision repair crosscomplementation group 1', 'ERCC1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity20319 :: ('7515', 'Gene') :: ['x-ray repair crosscomplementation group 1', 'XRCC1']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of locally recurrent @entity242 remains challenging. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term outcome after therapy for isolated locally recurrent soft tissue @entity242 (STS) of the extremity. METHODS: Between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1990, 52 @entity1 were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center for locally recurrent extremity STS. The records of the subset of these @entity1 (n = 36) with isolated local recurrence were examined to document clinicopathologic and treatment factors and to evaluate outcome using the end points of local recurrence-free, recurrence-free, and overall survival. RESULTS: Limb-sparing conservative surgery was possible in 24 @entity1 (75%). Twelve (33%) of 36 @entity1 were treated by surgery alone, 23 @entity1 (64%) were treated with combined modality therapy (surgery plus radiation and/or chemotherapy), and 1 @entity1 had radiotherapy only. Sixteen (44%) of 36 @entity1 had no further recurrence of any type at a median follow-up of 58 months (range, 4 to 173 months). The 5-year actuarial local recurrence-free, recurrence-free, and overall survival rates were 72%, 45%, and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Limb-sparing conservative surgery is possible in the majority of @entity1 with isolated locally recurrent STS. Durable local control can be established with individualized local treatment strategies. These results support aggressive multimodality limb-sparing treatment approaches for these @entity1 .

title: Locally recurrent soft tissue XXXX of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'extremity soft tissue sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1911 / @entity1823 have been described to be associated with @entity395 like @entity2791 . Coexistence of physiologically significant renal @entity455 is a compounding factor that alters management and prognosis of @entity1911 @entity1 . Apart from individual case reports, data on such association in Indian population is not available. The aim of this study is to find the nature and prevalence of associated @entity455 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1990 to 2010, a total of 50 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1911 / @entity1823 . Hospital charts of these @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively to identify those with @entity455 . Available literature was also reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 with @entity1911 , 7 (14%) had coexisting @entity455 including @entity2791 in 4, aortoarteritis in 1, @entity449 in 1 and @entity715 in 1. @entity1911 was adrenal in 42 and extra adrenal in 8. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was done in the @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity2791 due to intimal @entity82 was subjected to percutaneous balloon angioplasty; the other three improved after adrenalectomy and lysis of @entity82 . The @entity1 with aortoarteritos was treated with oral @entity230 . @entity715 was reversed with anticoagulants. The @entity1 with @entity1028 was advised for annual follow-up on account of its size of 4.5 cm and asymptomatic presentation. CONCLUSION: There are multiple mechanisms that can lead to @entity2791 and other @entity455 in a case of @entity1911 . A high index of suspicion is necessary to enable both entities to be diagnosed preoperatively and allow proper planning of surgical therapy. Incomplete diagnosis may lead to persistent @entity101 postoperatively in a case of associated @entity2791 .

title: Coexistence of XXXX with uncommon @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['unusual vascular abnormalities', 'vascular lesions', 'artery lesions', 'vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous adhesive bands', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Inferior vena cava thrombosis', 'inferior vena cava thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: PURPOSES: To evaluate efficacy of I-125 episcleral plaque therapy in @entity1 with @entity320 and determine survival, eventual visual acuity, and complications. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between July 1, 1984 and January 1, 1991, 144 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity320 were treated with high activity I-125 episcleral plaques. @entity5 volumes ranged from 14 to 3449 mm3. Lesion size included small (n = 15; height < 5 mm, and/or largest basal diameter of 8-16 mm) and large (n = 45; height > 8 mm, and/or largest basal diameter > 16 mm). Apical doses ranged from 74.25 to 83.66 Gy with scleral doses ranging from 41 and 160 Gy. Follow-up has ranged from 25 to 90 months (Med = 46 months). RESULTS: Ocular survival was noted in 130/144. Reasons for enucleation included progressive @entity5 growth (n = 4), extrascleral extension (n = 4), or @entity3856 (n = 6), 94 @entity1 developed complications which included @entity231 (n = 43), @entity1781 (n = 12), @entity2297 (n = 8) and @entity989 (n = 31). Visual acuity testing pre-episcleral plaque therapy revealed 102 @entity1 with 20/200 vision; at last follow-up 59 @entity1 demonstrated visual acuity testing of 20/200 or better. CONCLUSION: The use of episcleral I-125 plaque therapy allows for safe and effective therapy in @entity1 with @entity320 of various size depending on location and probable visual acuity outcome. A total apical dose of 75 Gy given at 60-65 cGy/hour provides durable local control with acceptable complication rates.

title: Treatment of XXXX with I-125 plaque.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathies']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['blind/painful eye']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: Asthma is a leading cause of morbidity in the United States and is a leading cause of disability in @entity1 . Prevalence has been shown to be highest in male @entity1 , blacks, and urban residents. Racial and residential differences have been attributed to economics. Medicaid claims data allow for the comparison of @entity565 morbidity and treatment of @entity1 with different demography but of low socioeconomic status. Michigan Medicaid claims data for recipient @entity1 between 5 and 14 years of age were used to ascertain demographic factors associated with @entity565 treatment from 1980 through 1986. A cross-sectional analysis was used. Black asthmatics were found to receive medical care more frequently, but to obtain @entity565 drugs less frequently than other groups. The prevalence of different prescription @entity565 preparations also varied by race and residence. Black, urban residents obtained fixed-combination drugs more frequently and @entity230 less frequently than other groups. Rural @entity1 , in general, had fewer medical contacts but obtained more prescription products per provider contact, whether black or white. Possible reasons for this variation are discussed.

title: Variations in the use of medication for the treatment of childhood XXXX in the Michigan Medicaid population, 1980 to 1986.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several models have been used to suggest the role of psychosocial factors in @entity2520 . None have adopted the life-course approach, which emphasizes the importance of exposures over time and at critical points of a @entity1 's life. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors at two periods of life and @entity2520 in Brazilian adult females. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional survey of 330 @entity1 randomly selected from a larger sample of mothers whose @entity1 participated in a study on chronic @entity66 using a life-course framework. Each @entity1 was clinically assessed for the presence of @entity2520 . An interview collected information on socioeconomic, behavioural and family-related factors at two periods of the @entity1 's life (childhood and adulthood). The main outcome variable was loss of periodontal attachment. Data analysis used logistic regression. RESULTS: High levels of @entity2520 were predicted by <4 years of education, past and present smoking, high levels of paternal discipline in childhood and low levels of emotional support in adulthood. The influence of childhood factors was not attenuated by adulthood circumstances. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors in childhood and adulthood were associated with high levels of @entity2520 in adulthood.

title: A life-course approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'participant', 'person']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'periodontal diseases']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['assess psychosocial factors and periodontal disease']


abstract: @entity2778 , one of the first beta-receptor antagonists synthesized, is a promising investigational agent with remarkable efficacy for treatment of @entity1 with ventricular and @entity943 . Unlike other beta blockers, @entity2778 also possesses class III antiarrhythmic action, evidenced by prolongation of the myocardial action potential duration. This additional action probably accounts for the greater antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity2778 compared with other beta blockers. @entity2778 's class III antiarrhythmic action becomes apparent at concentrations higher than those necessary for significant beta-receptor antagonism, both in vitro and in @entity1 subjects. In a study correlating dosage and antiarrhythmic response with prolongation of rate-corrected QT (QTc) (a measure of class III action) and the degree of beta-receptor blockade (assessed by the reduction of the maximal exercise-induced heart rate), 11 of 17 @entity1 had an antiarrhythmic response. Eight of these 11 responders had been unresponsive to conventional beta-receptor antagonists. The plasma concentration associated with significant @entity1162 (2.55 micrograms/ml) was found to be much greater than that associated with 50% reduction in maximal slowing of heart rate (0.8 micrograms/ml). As with other beta-receptor antagonists, the activities of @entity2778 's 2 stereoisomers differ, with the I-isomer having far more beta-blocking activity. However, both isomers have equal class III antiarrhythmic activity. When increasing doses of the d-isomer of @entity2778 (50 to 400 mg every 12 hours) were evaluated in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 , @entity943 frequency was suppressed greater than 80% in 3 @entity1 and 50% in 1 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Concentration/response relations for the multiple antiarrhythmic actions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Out-stent plaque characteristics and eosinophilic inflammatory response, which correlates with positive remodeling after first-generation drug-eluting stent implantation, may be associated with late restenosis and very late stent @entity715 . The differences of out-stent plaque characteristics were compared between @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) and @entity17650 -eluting stents (ZES), using integrated backscatter-intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 78 @entity1 enrolled, 25 receiving PES and 25 receiving ZES had adequate IVUS assessment. Volumetric IVUS analysis was performed after stenting and at 8-month follow-up. Out-stent plaque change in the stented segment was compared on IB-IVUS. The relationship between systemic inflammatory response and out-stent plaque change was evaluated. In PES, vessel volume significantly increased (365-389 mm(3), P<0.0001), whereas it did not change in ZES (315-314 mm(3), P=0.81). In culprit lesions at baseline in PES, @entity82 tended to increase (3.1-3.6mm(2), P=0.051) and lipid plaque significantly increased (4.3-5.1mm(2), P=0.02), whereas in ZES the @entity82 significantly increased (2.9-4.0mm(2), P<0.0001) but lipid plaque significantly decreased (5.1-3.6mm(2), P<0.0001). Systemic eosinophil increase was significantly correlated with positive remodeling and out-stent lipid plaque increase. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic out-stent plaque change in ZES consisted of less positive remodeling and more favorable effects on out-stent plaque characteristics than PES. Systemic eosinophil change might be a marker of out-stent lipid plaque change.

title: Coronary arterial remodeling and out-stent plaque change after drug-eluting stent implantation--comparison between @entity17650 -eluting stents and XXXX -eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17650 :: ('MESH:C489443', 'Chemical') :: ['zotarolimus']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaque']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled factorial trial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a booklet and of physician advice to take regular exercise. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Educational booklets are one of the simplest interventions for @entity615 but have not been shown to alter @entity158 and function. Although there is evidence that advice to mobilize is effective, doctors have also been advised to encourage regular exercise-but there is no evidence that such advice alone improves outcomes. METHOD: Eight doctors from six practices randomized 311 @entity1 with a new @entity615 using sealed numbered opaque envelopes to receive a detailed self-management booklet, advice to take regular exercise, both, or neither. All groups were advised to mobilize and to use simple analgesia. @entity1 were telephoned during the first week after entry into the study, and after 3 weeks to assess a validated numerical @entity158 /function score (0 = no @entity158 normal activities to 100 = extreme @entity158 no normal activities). @entity1 also returned a postal questionnaire in the first week with the @entity158 and function scale, a knowledge score, and a reliable satisfaction scale (mean score of 4 items: 0 = not satisfied to 100 = extremely satisfied). RESULTS: @entity158 /function scores were obtained in 239 (77%) @entity1 . There were interactions between exercise and booklet groups for both @entity158 /function scores and the Aberdeen scale, which are unlikely to have been chance findings (P = 0.009 and P = 0.012, respectively). In comparison with the control group, there were reductions in the @entity158 /function score in the first week with a booklet (-8.7, 95% CI -17.4 to -0.03) or advice to exercise (-7.9; -16.7 to 0.8) but much less effect with both together (-0.08, -9.0 to 8.9). Similarly, the Aberdeen scale was lower in the booklet group (-3.8, -7.7 to 0.07) and in the exercise advice group (-5.3; -9.3 to -1.38) but much less with both combined (-1.9, -5.8 to 2.1). There was no significant difference between groups in @entity158 /function scores by week 3, when 58% reported being back to normal. Satisfaction was increased in booklet (7.9, 1.3 to 14.4) and exercise groups (7.4, 0.8 to 13.9)), and a booklet also increased knowledge (Kruskal-Wallis chi2 27.2, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Doctors can increase satisfaction and moderately improve functional outcomes in the period immediately after the consultation when @entity615 is worst, by using very simple interventions: either by endorsing a self-management booklet or by giving advice to take exercise. Previous studies suggest that simple advice and the same written information provide reinforcement. This study supports evidence that it may not be helpful to provide a detailed information booklet and advice together, where the amounts or formats of information differ.

title: Should we give detailed advice and information booklets to XXXX with @entity615 ? A randomized controlled factorial trial of a self-management booklet and doctor advice to take exercise for @entity615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['episode of back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Aberdeen pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity13558 on symptomatic uterine @entity10401 . METHODS: This was a prospective intervention study carried out in a university department of obstetrics and gynecology. Forty-one premenopausal @entity1 eligible for hysterectomy with 45 uterine @entity10401 were enrolled and treated with @entity13558 1 mg daily for three cycles of 28 days each. The effect of treatment was evaluated on @entity2909 and uterine volumes, endometrial thickness, gonadotrophins, @entity53 and hematocrit levels, menstrual pattern, severity of @entity1109 , and adverse effects. The effects of @entity2909 location, size, and age of @entity1 on @entity5 volume changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with 39 @entity10401 finished the study. @entity13558 resulted in a mean 55.7% reduction of @entity2909 volumes (163 mL to 72 mL, P<.001), a 29.9% reduction in total uterine volumes (278 mL to 195 mL, P<.001), and an 11.3% increase of the hematocrit levels (33.4% to 37.2%, P<.001) at the end of the treatment. @entity2909 location had no significant effect on volume decrease. @entity2909 volume decreased in @entity1 aged older than 40 years (P=.002), whereas no difference was found in @entity1 younger than 40. The size of large (greater than 50 mm) @entity10401 decreased significantly (P=.004). Less difference was observed in small (50 mm or less) @entity10401 (P=.031). No differences were detected in hormonal status. @entity13558 improved @entity2909 -related symptomatology and caused no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION: In premenopausal @entity1 , @entity13558 reduces the size of uterine @entity10401 , improves symptomatology, and is generally well tolerated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: The effect of @entity13558 on symptomatic uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrazole', 'anastrazole']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity10401 :: (MESH:C535516,Disease) :: ['leiomyomata']


abstract: We describe a new anchoring method for tarsal tendon transfers in @entity9960 @entity1 to protect the sole of the foot from pressure sores and @entity39 and to loosen the @entity924 were performed in 51 feet (33 @entity1 ) with @entity9960 . We transferred tibialis anterior tendons to the second or third cuneiform in 19 with @entity85 , and transferred tibialis anterior tendons to the @entity8546 through the interosseous membrane in 32 with talipes @entity8546 . Clinical results were evaluated with the muscle power of transferred tendons using manual muscle testing 6 months after surgery. The muscle test result was classified as good, fair, and poor.After passing the tendon through the bony hole, a 2.0-mm Kirschner wire was inserted from the sole to the tibia through the ankle joint at neutral. (It extended from the sole through the posterior cortex of the tibia.) The remaining part of the wire was bent and formed into a loop shaped like the Greek letter "zeta" (zeta). The thread was then tied to the loop of the wire as tightly as possible. In this way, there was no contact with the sole during anchoring, thus avoiding @entity1066 . In addition, the transferred tendon could be kept stable because the @entity1 's ankle was fixed by the Kirschner wire.No cases of wound @entity281 or @entity39 of the sole occurred. In 49 of the 51 cases, transferred tendons were firmly anchored to tarsal bones. Muscle strength was good for 83%, fair for 13%, and poor for 4%. Consequently, 45 feet could obtain plantigrade pattern during their walking with shoe inserts or occasional use of ankle-foot orthoses.Our anchoring method has the advantage of protecting the sole of the foot from pressure sores and @entity39 , as well as maintaining tension on the transferred tendon until it settles down in an anchor hole.

title: New anchoring method for tarsal tendon transfers in @entity9960 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tension of the transferred tendon.Tendon transfer procedures']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['equinovarus deformities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate choroidal perfusion in @entity726 , using histological and angiographic techniques. METHODS: We examined the @entity3193 in clinicopathological slides from 25 cases of primary @entity1538 , five cases of @entity1952 , and 18 normal eyes. We measured @entity3193 at fixed distances from the disk margin with light microscopy. Using a quantitative computer image analysis system, we established the depth of all vessels and the best fitting diameter and width-to-length ratio for each vessel in three pairs of eyes. Separate statistical analyses were done on the parapapillary area and the whole choroid. We compared standard @entity941 angiographic measures to peak choroidal filling time in a further 78 @entity726 and 84 normal eyes. RESULTS: Choroids were significantly (approximately 50 microns) thinner in @entity726 than in normal or @entity1952 irrespective of fundal position. Vessel frequency and mean diameter, relative to normal, showed greatest decrease near the choriocapillaris. Peak choroidal filling was the only @entity941 angiographic measure that was significantly delayed in @entity726 irrespective of age. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity3193 in primary @entity1538 is primarily due to loss of the innermost choroidal vessels. Overall size decreases without significant flattening. These changes are not seen with @entity1952 alone and may be correlated with the delayed choroidal perfusion seen in @entity941 angiography.

title: Widespread choroidal insufficiency in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal thickness', 'choroidal vasculature']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intracarotid amobarbital (Wada) test can be used to evaluate hemispheric memory capacity before anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Most @entity1 demonstrate better memory with injection ipsilateral to planned resection (expected asymmetry [EA]), but a substantial minority show better memory with contralateral injection (unexpected asymmetry [UA]). Both degree and direction of @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) have been associated with worse surgical outcome in small series. Reports also suggest that UA is associated with greater decline in verbal memory after left ATL (L-ATL). METHODS: The relationship between @entity2414 and surgical outcome (at 3 months, 1 year, and last follow-up) was examined in a large group of ATL @entity1 (108 L, 119 R) with both EA and UA. Also, memory in a subgroup (96 L, 108 R) was examined, comparing subscores of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test obtained preoperatively, at 3 months, and at 1 year. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of L-ATL and 8% of R-ATL @entity1 had UA. UA was associated with worse surgical outcome at 1 year for R-ATL @entity1 but was not associated with worse outcome for L-ATL @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity2414 and persistent postoperative verbal memory change for @entity1 with L- or R-ATL. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpected asymmetry is uncommon in @entity1 with right anterior temporal lobectomy (R-ATL) and may be a risk marker of poor surgical outcome. This relationship may be obscured by language confounds in @entity1 with L-ATL. The results suggest that Wada asymmetry (using mixed stimuli) does not predict postoperative verbal memory; it is unclear whether this finding is generalizable to centers using only nonverbal stimuli.

title: Limitations of XXXX as a predictor of outcomes after temporal lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['WMA', 'Wada memory asymmetry']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Wada memory asymmetry']