abstract: BACKGROUND: Abattoir data have the potential to provide information for geospatial disease surveillance applications, but the quality of the data and utility for detecting disease outbreaks is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify non-disease factors that may bias these data for disease surveillance and 2) determine if major disease events that took place during the study period would be captured using multi-level modelling and scan statistics. We analyzed data collected at all provincially-inspected abattoirs in Ontario, Canada during 2001-2007. During these years there were outbreaks of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), @entity23006 ( @entity23006 ) and @entity1707 influenza that produced @entity66 within the province. Negative binomial models with random intercepts for abattoir, to account for repeated measurements within abattoirs, were created. The relationships between partial carcass condemnation rates for @entity55 and @entity1310 with year, season, agricultural region, stock price, and abattoir processing capacity were explored. The utility of the spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters of high partial carcass condemnation rates in space, time, and space-time was investigated. RESULTS: Non-disease factors that were found to be associated with lung and kidney condemnation rates included abattoir processing capacity, agricultural region and season. Yearly trends in predicted condemnation rates varied by agricultural region, and temporal patterns were different for both types of condemnations. Some clusters of high condemnation rates of kidneys with @entity1310 in time and space-time preceded the timeframe during which case clusters were detected using traditional laboratory data. Yearly kidney condemnation rates related to @entity3686 in eastern Ontario were most consistent with the trends that were expected in relation to the documented disease outbreaks. Yearly lung condemnation rates did not correspond with the timeframes during which major @entity1576 outbreaks took place. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that a number of abattoir-related factors require consideration when using abattoir data for quantitative disease surveillance. Data pertaining to lungs condemned for @entity55 did not provide useful information for predicting disease events, while partial carcass condemnations of @entity1310 were most consistent with expected trends. Techniques that adjust for non-disease factors should be considered when applying cluster detection methods to abattoir data.

title: Suitability and limitations of portion-specific abattoir data as part of an early warning system for emerging diseases of XXXX in Ontario.

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis lesions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity23006 :: ('MESH:D019318', 'Disease') :: ['porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome', 'PRRS']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell lineages and are used for regenerative treatments for a variety of diseases. However, the @entity1 's cells cannot be used to treat @entity74 . Allogeneic cells can serve as an alternative but long-term survival is uncertain. Our experience of allo-transplantation to a @entity1 with @entity4370 , which is caused by mutations of the @entity28470 ( @entity28470 ) gene resulting in low serum @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity and @entity85 , did not improve these clinical characteristics. Therefore, we sought to use autologous MSCs for the treatment of @entity4370 . MSCs derived from the @entity1 's bone marrow had a similar profile when compared with well-reported MSCs. However, the MSCs had extremely low @entity623 activity and could not produce a mineralized bone matrix even under the osteogenic culture conditions. We therefore transduced a retroviral vector with @entity28470 promoter-driven @entity28470 gene in the MSCs. In the culture condition, the MSCs had about 7-fold higher @entity623 activity than did mock-transduced MSCs, and showed mineralization as well as bone-specific markers. Furthermore, the MSCs, but not mock-transduced MSCs, newly formed bone at the frequency of 50% in nude @entity35 . Transplantation of the @entity28470 -transduced autologous MSCs might become a new therapy for @entity4370 .

title: Restoration of cellular function of mesenchymal stem cells from a XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity28470 :: ('249', 'Gene') :: ['tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase', 'TNSALP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformity']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity4370 :: ('MESH:D007014', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatasia']

answer: @entity4370 :: (MESH:D007014,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatasia']


abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of two members of a novel family of @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 in @entity1 myocardium (Wolf, R. A., and R. W. Gross. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260:7295-7303; and Hazen, S. L., D. A. Ford, and R. W. Gross. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5629-5633). To examine the potential role of these @entity460 -independent phospholipases A2 in mediating membrane dysfunction during early @entity741 , the temporal course of alterations in @entity3900 activity during global @entity63 in Langendorf perfused @entity95 hearts was quantified and compared with traditionally accepted markers of @entity63 and anaerobic metabolism. We now report that membrane-associated @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 activity increased over 400% during 2 min of global @entity63 (P less than 0.01), was near maximally activated (greater than 10-fold) after only 5 min of @entity63 , and remained activated throughout the entire @entity63 interval examined (2-60 min). Activation of membrane-associated plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 after 5 min of @entity741 was rapidly reversible during reperfusion of @entity63 tissue. Both the activation of @entity3900 and its reversibility during reperfusion were temporally correlated to alterations in myocytic anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, activation of membrane-associated @entity3900 was essentially complete before electron microscopic evidence of cellular damage. Collectively, these results identify dynamic alterations in @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 activity during @entity741 which precede irreversible cellular injury and demonstrate that activation of plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 is amongst the earliest biochemical alterations in @entity63 myocardium.

title: The rapid and reversible activation of a XXXX -independent plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 during @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['myocytic ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and physical activity (PA) are inversely related to the occurrence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Both play an important role in reducing serum ferritin (SF) concentration. Increased SF concentration is considered a contributing factor for developing @entity2175 . METHODS: The present cohort study investigated 5,512 adult @entity1 enrolled in the @entity411 ( @entity411 ) between 1995 and 2001. The subjects completed a comprehensive medical examination and a SF evaluation, and had been followed up until either @entity6 , @entity204 , or the cut-off date of November 2007. Three @entity410 levels were categorized. SF quartile levels were defined by gender and menopausal status. The incidence of @entity2175 was calculated for 10,000 @entity1 -years, and hazard ratios (HR) were computed to predict the incidence of @entity2175 based on SF quartiles and @entity410 levels. RESULTS: SF concentration was significantly higher in males than in females (148.5 +/- 104.7 ng/ml vs. 52.2 +/- 45.9 ng/ml) and was inversely associated with @entity410 levels. In the high @entity410 group, 32.7% of @entity1 had a low SF concentration whereas only 16.8% of @entity1 had a high SF concentration level. After adjusting for potential confounders, male @entity1 in the highest SF quartile level had a 1.7 times (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.66; p-trend = 0.027) increased risk for developing @entity2175 compared with those in the lowest SF quartile group. CONCLUSION: Lower SF concentration was associated with lower risk of developing @entity2175 in those regularly participating in @entity410 . The findings from this study suggest that SF concentration could be used as a @entity6 predictor. Based on these results clinicians and public health professionals should promote regular physical activity or fitness to reduce the incidence of @entity2175 .

title: Effects of @entity410 on Serum Ferritin Concentration and Incidence of Type 2 @entity6 : Evidence from the XXXX ( @entity411 ).

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes onset', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['ACLS', 'Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study']

answer: @entity411 :: (MESH:C538054,Disease) :: ['Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study']


abstract: We reviewed 201 unruptured @entity439 encountered at our institute and 35 affiliated hospitals over the past 8 years. Of these, 106 @entity439 in 103 @entity1 were treated with surgical or endovascular approaches: 43 @entity439 , surgically with clipping or wrapping; and 63 endovascularly with embolization. Outcome was excellent or good in 87 @entity1 (84.5%). Among 24 @entity1 with 36 complications, 16 had unfavorable outcomes including five @entity204 . Twelve @entity1 (27.9%) with surgical treatment and two (3.3%) with endovascular treatment had unfavorable results because of treatment-related complications. Two @entity1 with surgical treatment had complications related to perioperative management. @entity455 were likeliest to occur in surgically treated basilar @entity438 (41%). Among surgically treated @entity438 site was relatively associated with @entity128 . Complications numbered 36, occurring in 24 @entity1 and 54% of complications affected outcome. Overall morbidity and mortality of surgical treatment were 18.6% and 7.0%, respectively, while those of endovascular treatment were 5.0% and 3.3%. In conclusion, complications of surgery tend to be serious and affect outcome, and endovascular treatment is safer than surgical for @entity439 . Embolizations are particularly advantageous for @entity1 who are poor surgical risks.

title: Endovascular treatment of unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular occlusive complications']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'vertebro-basilar aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'aneurysms the vertebral artery']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['vertebro-basilar aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series was to evaluate the value of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the characterization of focal @entity409 (FLLs) in @entity1 with @entity6182 ( @entity6182 ). METHODS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic data obtained for characterization of 8 FLLs (size, 0.9-10.2 cm) in 2 @entity1 with @entity6183 ( @entity6183 ) and lesion growth or recurrent @entity490 were reviewed and compared with computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. After total and left hepatectomy, pathologic examination confirmed benign @entity652 in 6 of the evaluated lesions. Follow-up confirmed benignity in the 2 remaining lesions. RESULTS: In all FLLs, @entity8 showed marked hypervascularity in the early arterial phase. Centripetal filling was shown in only 1 lesion, and diffuse enhancement without any clear direction was shown in all other lesions. During the portal and late phases, 6 of the 8 lesions showed sustained enhancement, including 2 lesions that appeared heterogeneous during all phases of CT and MRI. In an aspect of 1 of these 6 large @entity652 , late wash-out could be explained by sinusoid compression. The other 2 @entity652 showed moderate wash-out but remained homogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity409 found in @entity1 with @entity6183 have similar patterns on @entity8 compared with incidental @entity652 . Global or partial hypoenhancement observed in the late phase did not indicate a @entity157 but may have been related to @entity63 .

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in XXXX with @entity6183 and @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage diseases', 'GSDs']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEUS', 'contrast-enhanced ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity6183 :: ('MESH:C538655', 'Disease') :: ['GSD-Ia', 'GSD type Ia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['transition to hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pelvic radiotherapy may lead to changes of anorectal function resulting in incontinence-related complaints. The aim of this study was to systematically review objective findings of late anorectal physiology and mucosal appearance after irradiation for @entity263 . METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched. Original articles in which anal function, rectal function, or rectal mucosa were examined >= 3 months after EBRT for @entity263 were included. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were included with low to moderate quality. Anal resting pressures significantly decreased in 6 of the 9 studies including 277 @entity1 . Changes of squeeze pressure and rectoanal inhibitory reflex were less uniform. Rectal distensibility was significantly impaired after EBRT in 7 of 9 studies (277 @entity1 ). In 4 of 9 studies on anal and in 5 of 9 on rectal function, disturbances were associated with urgency, frequent @entity717 or @entity1241 . Mucosal changes as assessed by the Vienna Rectoscopy Score revealed @entity8721 in 73 %, congestion in 33 %, and @entity1066 in 4 % of @entity1 in 8 studies including 346 @entity1 , but no strictures or @entity39 . Three studies reported mucosal improvement during follow-up. @entity8721 , particularly multiple, were associated with @entity548 . Not all bowel complaints (30 %) were related to radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Low to moderate quality evidence indicates that EBRT reduces anal resting pressure, decreases rectal distensibility, and frequently induces @entity8721 . Objective changes may be associated with @entity1241 , urgency, frequent @entity717 , and @entity548 , but these symptoms are not always related to radiation damage.

title: Systematic review: anal and rectal changes after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias', 'telangiectasias of rectal mucosa', 'Telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) patterns of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) relying on PSIR (phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence) techniques had been used to determine the characteristics of LGE in apical @entity1121 (ApHCM). METHODS: Forty @entity1 pure ApHCM [age, (60.2  10.4) years, 31 @entity1 ] were enrolled. LGE images were acquired using PSIR, and analyzed using a 17-segment model. Summing the LGE areas in all short axis slices yielded the total volume of late enhancement, which was subsequently presented as a proportion of total LV myocardium (% LGE). RESULTS: Mean maximal apical wall thickness was (17.9  2.3) mm, and mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was (67.7  8.0)%. LGE was detected in 130 segments of 30 @entity1 (75.0%), occupying (4.9  5.5)% of LV myocardium. LGE was mainly detected at the junction between left and right ventricles in 12 (30%) and at the apex in 28 (70%), although LGE-positive areas were widely distributed, and not limited to the apex. Focal LGE at the non-hypertrophic LV segments was found in some ApHCM @entity1 , even without LGE of hypertrophied apical segments. CONCLUSIONS: LGE was frequently observed not only in the thickened apex of the heart but also in other LV segments, irrespective of the presence or absence of @entity1184 . The simple presence of LGE on CMR was not representative of adverse prognosis in this population.

title: Delay enhancement patterns in apical XXXX by phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We studied autocrine @entity851 (TGF)beta signaling in kidney epithelium. Cultured proximal tubule cells showed regulated signaling that was high during log-phase growth, low during contact-inhibited differentiation, and rapidly increased during regeneration of wounded epithelium. Autoregulation of signaling correlated with TGFbeta receptor and @entity8110 levels, but not with active TGFbeta, which was barely measurable in the growth medium. Confluent differentiated cells with low receptor and high @entity8110 levels exhibited blunted responses to saturating concentrations of exogenously provided active TGFbeta, suggesting that TGFbeta signaling homeostasis was achieved by cell density-dependent modulation of signaling intermediates. Antagonism of @entity7382 kinase, the @entity7382 , dramatically accelerated the induction of differentiation in sparse, proliferating cultures and permitted better retention of differentiated features in regenerating cells of wounded, confluent cultures. @entity7382 antagonism accelerated the differentiation of cells in proximal tubule primary cultures while simultaneously increasing their proliferation. Consequently, @entity7382 -inhibited primary cultures formed confluent, differentiated monolayers faster than untreated cultures. Furthermore, treatment with an @entity7382 antagonist promoted kidney repair reflected by increased tubule differentiation and decreased tubulo-interstitial pathology during the recovery phase following @entity63 in vivo. Our results show that autocrine TGFbeta signaling in proliferating proximal tubule cells exceeds the levels that are necessary for physiological regeneration. To that end, TGFbeta signaling is redundant and maladaptive during tubule repair by epithelial regeneration.

title: Inhibition of autoregulated TGFbeta signaling simultaneously enhances proliferation and differentiation of kidney epithelium and promotes repair following renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7382 :: ('7046', 'Gene') :: ['Alk5', 'TGFbeta type I receptor']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['transforming growth factor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Accurate prediction of safe remnant liver volume to minimize complications following liver resection remains challenging. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantification of @entity1560 improved the predictive value of preoperative volumetric analysis. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 undergoing planned right or extended right hemi-hepatectomy for colorectal metastases were recruited prospectively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the level of @entity1560 and future remnant liver volume. These data were correlated with data on postoperative @entity7752 , complications and hospital stay. Correlations of remnant percentage, remnant mass to @entity1 mass and remnant mass to body surface area with and without @entity1560 measurements were assessed. RESULTS: In 10 of the 30 @entity1 the planned liver resection was altered. Moderate-severe postoperative @entity409 was seen in 17 @entity1 . Complications arose in 14 @entity1 . The median level of @entity1560 was 3.8% (range: 1.2-17.6%), but was higher in @entity1 (n= 10) who received preoperative chemotherapy (P= 0.124), in whom the median level was 4.8% (range: 1.5-17.6%). The strongest correlation was that of remnant liver mass to @entity1 mass (r= 0.77, P < 0.001). However, the addition of @entity1560 quantification did not improve this correlation (r= 0.76, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to combine volumetric with @entity1560 quantifications. No significant benefit was seen in this small pilot. However, these techniques may be useful in operative planning, particularly in @entity1 receiving preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Role of quantification of @entity1560 and future remnant volume in predicting XXXX and complications after liver resection for colorectal metastases: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['hepatic dysfunction']


abstract: Acute and subacute @entity1150 can be followed by two serious complications: @entity1151 feared in the early stadium and the @entity2979 ( @entity2979 ) as a late complication. After a lapse of months and years there might appear a complete or incomplete recanalization, but the valves of the veins will be destroyed. Therefore it is understandable to strive first an active therapy as thrombectomy or thrombolysis to remove @entity715 . There will be released a physiological tissue plasminogen activator from the endothelium of the vein increasing a local fibrinolytic activity. But it is not strong enough to reopen the occlusion within a few days. This is only possible adding exogenous activators as streptokinase, urokinase and recently rt-PA. Heparin is well known at low-dose subcutaneously for @entity715 prophylaxis. The high doses of heparin infusion intravenously with 30-40,000 units daily are used "therapeutically" inhibiting growth-promotion of the @entity715 and reducing the incidence of @entity1151 markedly. In respect of a @entity2979 ( @entity4 , @entity6008 ) it needs the evaluation of the early and follow up late results and the analysis of efficiency and risk of the two models of treatment. It was necessary comparing the success rate of reopening of the occluded veins after some days and follow up 5 or 6 years in clinical studies. The reopening rate in thrombolysis was about 3 times higher than in heparin therapy. But in contrast bleeding was 3 times lower in heparin therapy. For the long term follow up, physical examination, doppler-sonography phlebodynamometry and vein occlusion plethysmography were assessed. The acute intervention, regarding treatment, turned out to be the crucial prognostic parameter. Syndromes and clinical findings did indeed correlate quite well with the outcome of fibrinolytic treatment. @entity2979 was rare in cases with complete patency. In cases where patency was only partially or not at all achieved, @entity2979 was present to a higher degree the more central and the more extensive the remaining @entity715 was. In @entity1150 of the lower extremity thrombolytic therapy is recommended mostly to younger @entity1 with acute, the popliteal and the femoral vein including @entity715 , except of contraindications. More over in each of an individual case it has to be decided whether the aggressive or conservative therapy is to prefer.

title: [The treatment of XXXX . Thrombolysis vs heparin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['PTS', 'postthrombotic syndrome', 'Postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ), @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), and a mixture of @entity2385 and @entity3215 on reproduction, gonadal histology, and @entity146 in @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ). We administered @entity2385 (1 microg g(-1) body weight [b.w.] daily), @entity3215 (1 microg g(-1) b.w. daily), or both to @entity7021 for 3 weeks. We assessed reproductive success during week 3 and the @entity146 of male @entity7021 after the exposure period. Fertilization success was significantly decreased in groups that received @entity2385 . The profiles of fertility developed a bimodal distribution in the @entity2385 and @entity2385 + @entity3215 groups, and the numbers of males that performed "following" and "dancing" were significantly decreased in the @entity2385 + @entity3215 group. The frequency of "dancing" also decreased after treatment with @entity2385 , whereas fish that received @entity3215 only showed no difference in @entity146 . Testes that had oocytes showed normal spermatogenesis, even though two of the five males treated with @entity2385 + @entity3215 had some indication of testis-ova, which did not occur in any other group. Our results indicate that @entity2385 , but not @entity3215 , affects @entity146 and reproduction in @entity7021 .

title: Fertilization success and @entity146 in male XXXX , @entity7021 , exposed to @entity2384 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'medaka', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the protein expression profiles between @entity1 @entity2800 K562 cells and @entity632 -resistant K562/A02 cells, as well as to select novel resistance-related proteins in @entity2800 by means of proteomics. The total cellular proteins were separated from K562 and @entity632 -resistant K562/A02 cells by using technique of two dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), and by protein database searching. Moreover, the differentially expressed proteins were verified at protein and mRNA levels by Western blot assay and quantitative real time PCR. The results showed that 8 proteins differentially expressed in @entity632 -resistant K562/A02 cells, among them 2 proteins were identified to be down-regulated and 6 to be up-regulated. These identified proteins involved in the cell energy metabolism, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, signal transduction, gene transcription and translation respectively. The results assayed by Western blot were similar to those detected by 2D-PAGE. Two up-regulated proteins Stathmin and @entity31307 were selected for verification in K562 and K562/A02 cells. As a result, the results detected by Western blot were identical with results from 2D-DIGE; real time quantitative PCR assay showed that the changes of @entity31307 at mRNA level were identical with changes at protein level, but no complete identity of Stathmin changes at mRNA level and protein level was observed. It is concluded that the difference of protein expression profile exists in K562 and K562/A02 cells. Stathmin and @entity31307 proteins may be involved in the drug resistance and suggest a novel clue for the resistant mechanisms in @entity2800 , which is worth further to explore.

title: [Up-regulation of Stathmin and @entity31307 protein expressions in XXXX -resistant leukemia cell line K562/A02].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: AIMS: Aggressive @entity81 is a locally aggressive infiltrative low-grade @entity5 , although pathologically benign, and it does not metastasise, yet it can cause serious local distressing symptoms by virtue of local destruction and @entity73 . The aim of this study was to emphasise the role of radiotherapy and adequate surgery in the treatment of @entity81 in @entity1 presenting with newly diagnosed or recurrent disease and to analyse our treatment results over 15 years for this rare @entity5 type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of aggressive @entity81 treated at King Faisal Specialist Hospital between 1990 and 2006 were identified from our local @entity5 registry. Forty-seven @entity1 had surgery: complete resection (R0) in 20 @entity1 , incomplete surgery (R1/2) in 27 @entity1 , and seven @entity1 had biopsy only. Forty-five @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy: 38 @entity1 were treated with postoperative radiotherapy, three @entity1 were treated with preoperative radiotherapy and four @entity1 had radiotherapy as the only treatment. The radiotherapy dose ranged between 45 and 60Gy (median 50.4Gy). Three @entity1 did not receive any form of treatment apart from biopsy, but were still included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-two per cent (28/54 @entity1 ) of our @entity1 population had @entity5 recurrence when first presented to King Faisal Specialist Hospital. The median age was 29.5 years (range 2-63 years). The most common site of involvement was the extremities (28 @entity1 ). Among the 54 @entity1 (with primary and recurrent presentation) there were 10 local recurrences, all of which were within the original primary site. The 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates for the whole group were 75 and 95%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the depth of invasion significantly affected progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: Aggressive @entity81 is effectively treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. @entity1 first presenting with @entity5 recurrence may still have local @entity5 control comparable with newly diagnosed @entity1 .

title: Treatment of aggressive XXXX : the experience of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of local function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibromatosis']


abstract: We investigated the molecular mechanism for the synergistic induction of inducible @entity842 synthase transcription by @entity310 and @entity379 . Since @entity310 and @entity379 stimulate cells in part by activating @entity2451 and @entity9688 , we hypothesized that these two transcription factors interact with each other. @entity9688 and @entity2451 co-localize in the nucleus of stimulated macrophages. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that @entity9688 and @entity2451 interact in stimulated but not resting cells. Super-shift experiments show that @entity9688 and @entity2451 interact while binding to their respective DNA binding sites. These results demonstrate the existence of a physical interaction between @entity9688 and @entity2451 proteins in vivo. We next suggested that this interaction between @entity9688 and @entity2451 bends the DNA of the iNOS promoter region. Using a cyclization assay, we demonstrate that nuclear extracts from stimulated cells accelerate the rate of conversion of a linear to circular DNA, compared to extracts from resting cells. However, stimulated nuclear extracts cannot affect the rate of cyclization of a promoter with a mutant IRE or kappaB site. Furthermore, stimulated nuclear extracts depleted of @entity9688 and @entity2451 cannot induce cyclization. We conclude that @entity9688 and @entity2451 interact in vivo, and that this interaction physically bends the indicible @entity842 synthase promoter DNA. This interaction may explain the mechanism by which @entity379 synergistically augments inducible @entity842 synthase transcription.

title: Interaction of XXXX during activation of inducible @entity842 synthase transcription.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Gene) :: ['interferon regulatory factor-1 and nuclear factor kappaB']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1851 has been shown to be a prognostic factor for @entity1358 . We developed a new prediction model including @entity1851 in @entity1 with @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on 2 cohorts of Japanese @entity1 with @entity1358 , including 249 for evaluating prognostic factors and developing the prediction model, and 290 for external validation. Analyzed factors included @entity2802 classification, @entity5 size, Fuhrman nuclear grade, @entity5 @entity39 and preoperative serum @entity1851 (cutoff 0.5 mg/dl). We developed a scoring model based on multivariate analysis to predict @entity5 specific survival. Predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the concordance index. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that pT stage, lymph node involvement, distant @entity3 , @entity5 @entity39 and @entity1851 were independent predictors of @entity5 specific survival. A new scoring model was developed, consisting of @entity1851 and the @entity2802 classification. The 5-year @entity5 specific survival rate in @entity1 with a score of 0, 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5 or more was 99%, 89%, 69% and 18%, respectively. Cancer specific survival rates were clearly discriminated by the stratification according to the scoring model (p <0.001). The concordance index of the new model was 0.820, which was externally validated as a concordance index of 0.865. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1358 a new simple scoring model based on serum @entity1851 and the @entity2802 classification is a useful and easy to use tool for predicting outcome.

title: Development and external validation of a new outcome prediction model for XXXX with @entity1358 treated with nephrectomy based on preoperative serum @entity1851 and @entity2802 classification: the @entity2802 -C score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are synthesized as proproteins that undergo proteolytic processing by furin/subtilisin proprotein convertases to release the active ligand. Here we study processing of BMP5/6/7/8 proteins, including the @entity238 orthologs @entity29664 ( @entity29664 ) and Screw (Scw) and @entity1 @entity12017 . @entity29664 and Scw have three functional furin/subtilisin proprotein convertase cleavage sites; two between the prodomain and ligand domain, which we call the Main and Shadow sites, and one within the prodomain, which we call the Pro site. In @entity29664 each site can be cleaved independently, although efficient cleavage at the Shadow site requires cleavage at the Main site, and remarkably, none of the sites is essential for @entity29664 function. Rather, @entity29664 must be processed at either the Pro or Main site to produce a functional ligand. Like @entity29664 , the Pro and Main sites in Scw can be cleaved independently, but cleavage at the Shadow site is dependent on cleavage at the Main site. However, both Pro and Main sites are essential for Scw function. Thus, @entity29664 and Scw have different processing requirements. The @entity12017 ligand rescues @entity29664 mutants in @entity238 , but full-length @entity12017 cannot, showing that functional differences in the prodomain limit the @entity12017 activity in flies. Furthermore, unlike @entity29664 , cleavage-resistant @entity12017 , although non-functional in rescue assays, activates the downstream signaling cascade and thus retains some functionality. Our data show that cleavage requirements evolve rapidly, supporting the notion that changes in post-translational processing are used to create functional diversity between BMPs within and between species.

title: Different requirements for proteolytic processing of bone morphogenetic protein 5/6/7/8 ligands in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: Preservation of smoked salmon from bacterial spoilage, and especially from @entity5125 by @entity5618 producers is a promising challenge. Over a hundred @entity880 bacteria, isolated from commercial vacuum packaged cold smoked salmon, were screened for their antagonistic activity against @entity16085 . Twenty-two strains were able to produce @entity5618 -like proteinaceous substances. These strains were characterized physiologically and biochemically as Carnobacterium strains. Three different groups were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after Sma I and Apa I DNA digestion. Peptidoglycan hydrolases patterns completed the characterization of these strains. All were confirmed as being Carnobacterium piscicola. Growth and @entity5618 production of three strains of each group and two well known @entity5618 producers (C. divergens V41 and C. piscicola V1) were tested in a simulated cold smoked fish system at 4 degrees C. These strains were able to reach 10(8) cfu ml(-1) in 21 days and to produce as much @entity5618 activities in the cold smoked fish system as in the rich media. Carnobacterium divergens V41 and C. piscicola V1 were the most effective strains in co-culture experiments, inhibiting @entity5125 as early as day 4, whereas C. piscicola SF668 inhibiting effect was observed at day 13. The potential for using such biopreservation treatments on whole smoked salmon is discussed.

title: Inhibition of XXXX by Carnobacterium spp. strains in a simulated cold smoked fish system stored at 4 degrees C.

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: Developmentally restricted differentiation antigens or @entity5 -placental antigens, @entity35833 and @entity35834 , are components of an adhesion molecule that plays a critical role in the implantation of the embryo to the uterus. Cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in the metastasis of @entity189 and could be critical targets for immunotherapy in epithelial @entity43 (EOCs). Our objectives were to define the expression of @entity35833 and @entity35834 proteins in EOCs. Expression of @entity35833 and @entity35834 mRNA in a panel of @entity1 tissues and 70 EOC specimens was investigated using qualitative polymerase chain reaction. Amplification products were confirmed by sequencing. Validation of results was performed using immunohistochemical analysis of @entity35833 and @entity35834 applied on a tissue microarray of 202 EOC tissues. The distribution of @entity35833 and @entity35834 expression and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and statistical significance was determined by performing the logrank test. Expression of @entity35833 and @entity35834 was restricted to placental and testis tissue by qualitative polymerase chain reaction. Of the 70 EOC specimens tested with polymerase chain reaction, 89% and 94% expressed @entity35833 and @entity35834 , respectively. Immunoexpressions of @entity35833 and @entity35834 protein were observed in 69% and 80 % of the @entity43 , respectively. @entity35833 and @entity35834 expression in Stage I/II disease were 66% and 67% compared with 69% and 81% in Stage III/IV disease, respectively. The tissue-restricted expression of @entity35833 and @entity35834 and their abundant expression in EOCs and advanced-stage disease make these developmentally restricted antigens attractive targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy in EOCs.

title: Developmentally restricted differentiation antigens are targets for immunotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity439 can extend into the sella and simulate @entity977 . However, they are rarely associated with @entity2894 . We present a rare case of bilateral intracavernous ICA @entity439 simulating a sellar mass with the clinical picture of a @entity2894 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 82-year-old @entity1 presented with a classic case of @entity2894 with a history of @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity892 . She was found to have an intrasellar mass simulating a large and invasive @entity977 . The @entity1 had a medical history positive for @entity0 . INTERVENTION: Because of the presentation with apoplexy and the possibility of metastatic @entity0 or @entity977 , the @entity1 was explored transsphenoidally to obtain pathological verification and possibly resect the @entity5 . Unusual intraoperative findings led to a microDoppler evaluation, suggesting a @entity455 . Intraoperatively, an angiogram confirmed the presence of bilateral @entity3538 involving the ICA intracavernous component extending into the sella turcica. The @entity1 refused further treatment. CONCLUSION: The present case indicates that an intrasellar ICA @entity439 can be misdiagnosed as a macroadenoma and even present through @entity2894 . When treating intrasellar masses with the slightest suspicion of a nonpituitary origin, further workup should be considered. The possibility of a @entity455 simulating a @entity977 should always be considered by neurosurgeons and ear, nose, and throat surgeons operating in the sellar region.

title: @entity3538 simulating XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ICA giant aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2894 :: (MESH:D010899,Disease) :: ['pituitary apoplexy']


abstract: In reading the considerations of the leading contemporary sociologists, attentive observers of the metamorphosis of identity in the post-modern age, a game came to my mind: "what if I mixed up quotes from these scholars' papers with extracts from @entity1 ' clinical reports, especially @entity1 suffering from so-called " @entity1277 "? The objective of this game is to show how difficult it is to pick out the clinical fragments from the sociologists' descriptions of the "never ending task of assembling our Self". The game is to try to separate psychopathology from the Late Modern physiology of identity. The great psychopathologists from the last century offered us two major meaning organizers of identity and its disorders: the Freudian and the Jaspersian. Freud's notion of the "discontents with civilization" served to explain that widespread sense of malaise that characterizes the modern condition. As civilization has been built on our restraining our drives, civilized @entity1 ended up "trading in a part of his chances for happiness for a bit of security". Security is guaranteed by our submitting to norms of civilized living together. @entity11167 , that feeling that permeates modern @entity1 beings who neither belong to themselves nor to others, is the agonizing result. The Jaspersian concept of the Ego consciousness is mainly based on the Kantian Self, the identity pole of subjectivity, standing above the stream of changing experience. It is a necessary condition for coherent experience. Also the Jaspersian Self presupposes coherence, since its main features include identity through time, a sense of unity and one of demarcation from the external world, and a feeling of being actively involved in one's own experiences and performances. In late modernity, identity is a task. Post-modern @entity1 have the task and necessity to be perpetually constructing themselves. Being, Self, are organized in a reflexive way. Individuals are forced to choose their own life style among a multitude of alternatives. Are the Freudian and the Kantian/Jaspersian models of the Self now still proving to be suitable for an adequate psychopathological analysis?

title: For an anthropology of XXXX . A pornographic vision of the self.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (i) To assess the psychosocial burden of testing for @entity1082 ) related @entity790 or of a HPV-related diagnosis; (ii) to compare an instrument specifically designed to measure HPV-related psychosocial burden with other generic quality of life (QoL) instruments. METHODS: A cross-sectional design. Researchers recruited @entity1 from outpatient clinics at a major tertiary @entity1 's hospital and a sexual health centre who completed surveys within 3 months of receiving RESULTS: 331 @entity1 , 18-45 years, who had experienced a normal cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) result, an abnormal Pap result, biopsy confirmed @entity3146 (EGW). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity9273 ( @entity9273 ) designed to assess the psychosocial impact of HPV; two general health-related QoL surveys-the EuroQoL VAS and the @entity717 scale; and a HPV knowledge survey. RESULTS: Response rate was 78%. Significant psychosocial impacts were found for @entity1 screened for, or having a diagnosis of, @entity790 . The largest impact was in @entity1 with @entity3146 2/3 and EGW. This HPV-related psychosocial impact was most sensitively detected with the @entity9273 . Relative to generic measures of QoL, the @entity9273 provided insight into the full range of psychosocial impacts of HPV testing and diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians need to be aware of the potential psychosocial impact of testing for or diagnosing @entity790 , in particular @entity3146 2/3 and EGW. The @entity9273 survey is a more sensitive measure of the psychosocial impact of @entity790 than generic QoL surveys.

title: The psychosocial burden of XXXX related disease and screening interventions.

entities_list: @entity9273 :: ('OMIM:167959', 'Disease') :: ['HIP', 'HPV impact profile']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Sheehan disability']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related genital disease', 'genital disease']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or external genital warts', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: AIMS: Little information is available about stage- or site-specific chromosomal aberrations in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). We tried to identify whether different patterns of @entity1017 in @entity957 were associated with different stages or head and neck sites. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated isolated interphase cells from paraffin sections of 5 3 @entity957 of the head and neck region by fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. We used centromeric DNA probes for chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, X and Y. The majority of @entity5 samples showed aneuploidy for most chromosomes analysed. We were able to find differences in the chromosomal aberrations between the @entity5 sites and stages of the @entity213 investigated. The main numerical chromosomal abnormalities were an under-representation of chromosomes 3 (26%), 6 (17%), 9 (26%), 10 (23%) and 18 (32%). The Y chromosome was lost in 53% of male @entity5 . A loss of chromosomes 3 and 10 was detected mostly in laryngeal SCC (39% and 30%, respectively); the under-representation of chromosome 9 was predominantly seen in oropharyngeal SCC (54%) and a copy number decrease of chromosomes 18 was found in 57% of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Although the number of @entity5 samples investigated is rather low, our results suggest that the different @entity5 sites of @entity213 may also show different patterns of chromosomal changes.

title: Different numerical chromosomal aberrations detected by FISH in oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal gain or loss']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The dry period plays an important role in maintenance of udder health. @entity291 are most susceptible to intramammary infections (IMI) after dry-off and near parturition and drying-off procedures may affect the likelihood of IMI at calving. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of milk yield and @entity281 status at dry-off with the likelihood of IMI at calving by examining different drying-off methods. @entity291 (n=112) at the Ohio State University Waterman Dairy Teaching and Research Herd were randomly assigned to either an intermittent or a standard, twice-daily milking group 1 week prior to dry-off. All quarters of all @entity291 in the herd were treated with an antibiotic dry- @entity291 product after the last milking. Milk samples were collected 1 week prior to dry-off (pre-dry), on the day of dry-off, and within 3 d of parturition to determine @entity281 status of the quarters. Association between IMI at calving and cumulative milk yield for the final week of lactation and drying-off method was examined using generalized estimation equations with logic link, accounting for potential confounders, such as pre-dry and dry-off @entity281 status, and for the correlated data structure due to quarters clustered within @entity291 . Intermittent milking significantly reduced milk yield at the end of lactation. Increasing cumulative milk yield during the last week of lactation was significantly associated with a greater probability of IMI at calving for quarters that were uninfected prior to dry-off: uninfected quarters of @entity291 producing more than 115 kg during the last week of lactation were 7.1-times more likely to be infected at calving (P=0.0081) than uninfected quarters of @entity291 producing less than 75 kg. Even though the overall cure rate over the dry period was relatively high at 84%, the odds of a quarter being infected at calving was 7.6- and 3.3-times higher if it was infected at dry-off with major pathogens (P<0.0001) or minor pathogens (P=0.028), respectively, compared with an uninfected quarter at dry-off. The results suggest that decreasing milk yield prior to dry-off may serve as an effective means to maintain good udder health in a herd.

title: Association of milk yield and XXXX status at dry-off with intramammary infections at subsequent calving.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a debilitating disease with poorly defined aetiology. Multiple signals are involved in directing the formation of cartilage during development and the @entity904 derivatives, the @entity4878 , figure prominently in embryonic cartilage formation. In the present study, we examined the expression of a @entity554 -regulated gene in @entity19 models of @entity571 . METHODS: Mild and moderate forms of an @entity571 -like @entity179 were created in the @entity19 stifle joint by meniscotibial transection ( @entity1500 ) and partial meniscectomy (PMX), respectively. Joint histopathology was scored using an @entity571 Research Society International (OARSI) system and gene expression ( @entity8334 , @entity21272 , @entity430 and @entity19918 ) in individual joints was determined using TaqMan quantitative PCR on RNA from microdissected articular knee cartilage. RESULTS: For @entity1500 , there was a significant increase in the joint score at 10 weeks (n = 4, p < 0.001) in comparison to sham surgeries. PMX surgery was slightly more severe and produced significant changes in joint score at six (n = 4, p < 0.01), eight (n = 4, p < 0.001) and 10 (n = 4, p < 0.001) weeks. The expression of @entity8334 was increased in both surgical models at two, four and six weeks post-surgery. In contrast, @entity21272 and @entity430 for the most part showed no significant difference in expression from two to six weeks post-surgery. @entity19918 expression is induced upon activation of the @entity554 signalling pathway. At two weeks after surgery in the @entity1500 and PMX animals, @entity19918 expression was increased about 18-fold and about 10-fold over the sham control, respectively. By 10 weeks, @entity19918 expression was increased about three-fold (n = 7, not significant) in the @entity1500 animals and about five-fold (n = 7, p < 0.05) in the PMX animals in comparison to the contralateral control joint. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings suggest that the @entity554 signalling pathway is activated early in the osteoarthritic process and is sustained during the course of the disease.

title: The retinoic acid binding protein @entity19918 is increased in XXXX models of @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: In the nonpregnant population, there is extensive evidence of a systemic low-grade inflammatory status in relation to excess adipose tissue. Less is known about the relation during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: Our main objective was therefore to explore the effect of pregnancy on @entity1386 -related systemic @entity32 . DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a longitudinal cohort study of 240 pregnant @entity1 of Scandinavian heritage at Oslo University hospital-Rikshospitalet, Norway from 2002 to 2005. The inflammatory markers ( @entity1851 [ @entity1851 ], @entity650 [ @entity650 ], @entity2842 [ @entity2842 ], @entity1193 , @entity5 necrosis factor receptor II, and @entity688 ) were measured at four timepoints during pregnancy and analyzed by enzyme immuno-assay. The @entity1 were categorized based on BMI at inclusion (BMI <25, 25-30, and >30 kg/m(2)). Data were analyzed by Friedman-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, or Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate. RESULTS: Maternal @entity1386 was associated with significantly higher circulatory levels of several inflammatory markers ( @entity1851 , @entity2842 , @entity650 , and @entity1193 ). However, this proinflammatory upregulation was not evident toward the end of pregnancy, as levels of @entity1851 , @entity2842 , and @entity650 were not any longer significantly different between the BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS: Although normal pregnancy exhibits proinflammatory features, this does not seem to have additive or synergistic effects on the @entity32 associated with @entity1386 . On the contrary, we found that the BMI-dependent increase in proinflammatory markers was not evident at the end of pregnancy.

title: XXXX : effects of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein 1']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Adiposity-related inflammation']


abstract: The "large cell @entity706 , Ki-1 positive" is a recently described lymphoma subtype (about 1-8% of all @entity1893 ). Distinction from @entity978 and true @entity4812 /malignant histiocytosis is not always possible, even by experienced pathologists. It was recently incorporated in the updated Kiel Classification of @entity706 . Classical histologic appearance is a sinusoidal growth pattern in lymph nodes and presence of large bizarre anaplastic cells. Use of cell markers LCA, @entity10208 and @entity5823 is essential for diagnosis. The mean age of @entity1 is 50 years. Approximately 50% of @entity1 have an advanced stage (III-IV). Prognosis depends on age and @entity5 localisations. Cutaneous involvement only is usually associated with a good prognosis. Median survival for @entity1 with extra-cutaneous disease is 13 months. Treatment with intensive chemotherapy is usually needed. Long term remissions are more frequently seen in @entity1 and adolescents.

title: Large cell XXXX (Ki-1 lymphoma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 and @entity2520 are highly prevalent among Indigenous Australian adults. @entity2521 impacts glycaemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to report on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control among @entity1 with @entity28 . METHODS: This subgroup analysis is limited to 62 @entity1 with @entity6 from the original 273 Aboriginal Australian adults enrolled into the PerioCardio study. Intervention @entity1 received full-mouth non-surgical periodontal scaling during a single, untimed session while controls were untreated. Endpoints of interest included change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), @entity1851 and periodontal status at 3 months post-intervention. RESULTS: There were more females randomized to the treatment group (n = 17) than control (n = 10) while the control group had a higher overall body mass index (BMI) [mean (SD)] 33.1 (9.7 kg m(-2) ) versus 29.9 (6.0 kg m(-2) ). A greater proportion of males were followed up at 3 months compared to females, P = 0.05. Periodontal therapy did not significantly reduce HbA1c: ancova difference in means 0.22 mmol mol(-1) (95% CI -6.25 to 6.69), @entity1851 : ancova difference in means 0.64 (95% CI -1.08, 2.37) or periodontal status at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal therapy did not significantly reduce glycated haemoglobin in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Reasons are likely to be multifactorial and may be influenced by persistent periodontal @entity32 at the follow-up appointments. Alternatively, the BMI of study @entity1 may impact glycaemic control via alternative mechanisms involving the interplay between @entity32 and adiposity meaning HbA1c may not be amenable to periodontal therapy in these individuals.

title: Periodontal therapy and glycaemic control among individuals with XXXX 2 @entity6 : reflections from the PerioCardio study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Untreated periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)', 'CRP']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Organ-specific @entity5 cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell migration into host organs often involve integrin-mediated cellular processes. Direct integrin-mediated cell adhesion to ECM components in the space of Disse appears to be required for the successful liver metastatic formation of @entity694 . In the present study, @entity1 @entity694 HT-29 cells were transfected by liposome with @entity2393 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN). The @entity2393 gene expression in HT-29 cells was significantly down-regulated. The migration of HT-29 cells was assayed using transwell cell culture chambers in vitro. The number of migrating HT-29 cells in experimental group was far less than that in control group (P<0.05). The models of @entity99 in @entity19 were established by the intrasplenic injection of transfected HT-29 cells. Thirty days later, the @entity19 were killed and the average number of hepatic metastases (4.00+/-0.93 per @entity19 ), average volume (10.10+/-6.50 mm3 per @entity19 ), average weight (0.0440+/-0.0008 g per @entity19 ) in experimental group were remarkably reduced as compared with those in control group (P<0.05). @entity2393 expression in the @entity99 was studied by immunohistochemistry (SP). Positive cell percentage of hepatic metastases in experimental group was markedly decreased as compared with that in control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that @entity2393 may take part in @entity99 , and down-regulation of @entity2393 expression may play a key role in decreasing migration and @entity99 of @entity1 @entity694 cells (HT-29).

title: Effects of down-regulation of @entity2393 expression on migration and XXXX of @entity1 @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic metastasis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity2393 :: ('3688', 'Gene') :: ['Integrin-beta1', 'integrin-beta1']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The HbA1c has been considered to underestimate @entity413 level in @entity6 @entity1 on hemodialysis, therefore, glycated @entity2313 (GA) was recently introduced to assess the glycemic control for those cases. We evaluated the performance of GA assay kit of Lucica GA-L (Asahi Kasei Pharma Co., Japan) and compare it with HbA1c for estimating @entity413 levels. METHODS: Tests for precision, linearity and interference were performed and reference interval was determined. Thirty eight of non-hemodialysis and seventy of hemodialysis @entity1 were recruited, whose @entity413 levels of three-, two- and one-month prior to this study were available for calculating weighted means of @entity413 (WMGs). The correlation coefficients and the slopes of regression equation between WMG and HbA1c or GA were compared between two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine significant predictor for HbA1c and GA. RESULTS: Total CV was 2.2% at concentration of 13.7% and 2.8% at 24.6%. The dilution curve between 15.7% and 62.1% was linear. Reference intervals were 10.0% to 16.5% for male and 11.4% to 17.6% for female. The correlation coefficients between WMG and GA were 0.682-0.713 in hemodialysis and 0.640-0.677 in non-hemodialysis. Those between WMG and @entity4051 c were 0.568-0.625 in hemodialysis and 0.735-0.783 in non-hemodialysis. The slopes of regression equation between GA and WMG in hemodialysis were 0.080-0.090 and 0.130-0.147 in non-hemodialysis. Those between HbA1c and WMG in hemodialysis were 0.012-0.014 and 0.029-0.032 in non-hemodialysis. GA was not influenced by hemodialysis status while HbA1c was. CONCLUSIONS: The claimed performance characteristic of Lucica GA-L were verified. WMG were better reflected by GA rather than HbA1c in @entity1 on hemodialysis.

title: [Performance characteristics of glycated XXXX and its clinical usefulness in @entity6 @entity1 on hemodialysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: AIM: Restorative surgery after (procto)colectomy with ileo-neorectal @entity254 (INRA) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 (RPC) combines cure of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) with restoration of intestinal continuity. This study aimed to evaluate these two operations. METHOD: @entity1 having INRA and RPC were matched according to sex, age at onset of @entity31 , age at restorative surgery and duration of follow-up. @entity1 were included if they were over 18 years of age, had @entity31 confirmed histopathologically and had undergone either operation. Long-term function, anal and neorectal physiology, complications, quality of life (QoL) and @entity159 ( @entity159 ) were determined. RESULTS: Seventy-one consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery with the intention of having an INRA procedure. This was successfully carried out in 50, and 21 underwent intra-operative conversion to RPC. Median defaecation frequency was 6/24 h. In 11/71 @entity1 reservoir failure occurred and 13/71 developed @entity5042 . QoL and @entity159 were comparable to the healthy population. Median follow-up was 6.2 years. These @entity1 were matched with 71 @entity1 who underwent RPC. RPC was successful in all @entity1 . Median defaecation frequency was 8/24 h. Failure occurred in 7/71 @entity1 and 13/71 developed @entity5042 . QoL and @entity159 were comparable with the healthy population. Median follow-up was 6.9 years. CONCLUSION: Comparison of INRA and RPC on an intention to treat basis was not considered to be realistic due to the high intra-operative conversion rate and the failures in the INRA group. RPC remains the procedure of choice for restoring intestinal continuity after proctocolectomy for @entity31 .

title: Evaluation of long-term function, complications, quality of life and @entity159 after restorative proctocolectomy with ileo neo rectal and with ileal pouch anal XXXX for @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'health status']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, evidence of contrast extravasation on computed tomography (CT) scan is regarded as an indication for intervention in @entity130 . In our experience, @entity1 transferred from other institutions for angioembolization have often resolved the blush upon repeat imaging at our hospital. We hypothesized that not all @entity4558 require intervention. METHODS: During a 10-year period, we reviewed all @entity1 transferred with blunt @entity130 and contrast extravasation on initial postinjury CT scan. RESULTS: During the study period, 241 @entity1 were referred for @entity130 , of whom 16 had a contrast blush on initial CT imaging (88% @entity1 , mean age 35    5, mean ISS 26    3). Eight (50%) @entity1 were managed without angioembolization or operation. Comparing @entity1 with and without intervention, there was a significant difference in admission heart rate (106    9 vs 83    6) and decline in hematocrit following transfer (5.3    2.0 vs 1.0    0.3), but not in injury grade (3.9    0.2 vs 3.5    0.3), systolic blood pressure (125    10 vs 115    6), or age (38.5    8.2 vs 30.9    4.7). Of the 8 observed @entity1 , 3 underwent repeat imaging immediately upon arrival with resolution of the blush. In the intervention group, 4 @entity1 had ongoing extravasation on repeat imaging, 2 @entity1 underwent @entity887 , and 2 @entity1 underwent splenectomy for physiologic indications. CONCLUSIONS: For blunt @entity130 , evidence of contrast extravasation on initial CT imaging is not an absolute indication for intervention. A period of observation with repeat imaging could avoid costly, invasive interventions and their associated sequelae.

title: Blunt XXXX induced @entity4558 are not created equal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['empiric embolization']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic blushes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic trauma', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been recommended for @entity1 with high-risk @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in first remission. The recent MRC UKALL X trial was designed to facilitate a non-randomised comparison between BMT and chemotherapy in @entity1 deemed to be at high risk of treatment failure. 198 @entity1 aged 1-15 had a presenting leucocyte count of more than 100 x 10(9)/l. All received induction and early intensification therapy. @entity1 with an HLA-compatible sibling donor were eligible for BMT in first remission. All other @entity1 received cranial irradiation at 24Gy, late intensification, and two years of continuous treatment. 183 @entity1 achieved a stable remission of whom 111 were HLA typed; these tended to be older and to have T-cell @entity981 . A donor was identified in 41 cases, of whom 34 proceeded to BMT at a median time of 17 weeks; there was no difference in distribution of age, sex, or leucocyte count between the groups receiving BMT and chemotherapy. Comparison of the 144 @entity1 who were in remission at 17 weeks and received chemotherapy with the 34 proceeding to BMT showed no significant difference in event-free survival at five years (69% for BMT and 52% for chemotherapy). There were significantly more treatment-related @entity204 in the marrow transplant group (6 vs 4) and more relapses in the chemotherapy group (59 vs 4). There was no significant difference in event-free survival between @entity1 who were HLA typed and had a donor and those without a donor, although there were fewer relapses among the former. BMT can be evaluated in the context of a multicentre trial for paediatric @entity981 but the number of @entity1 with donors is too small to make a significant impact on overall survival. However, marrow transplantation was associated with a much lower relapse rate than that with the UK @entity981 protocol, and with better definition of higher risk @entity1 BMT may be of benefit in some @entity1 with high-risk @entity981 in first remission.

title: Bone marrow transplantation for high-risk childhood XXXX in first remission: experience in MRC UKALL X.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive update of the outcome of the ileo-pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA). DATA SOURCES: An extensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library was conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All studies published after 2000 reporting on complications or functional outcome after a primary open IPAA procedure for UC or @entity1941 were selected. Study characteristics, functional outcome, and complications were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: A review with similar methodology conducted 10 years earlier was used to evaluate developments in outcome over time. Pooled estimates were compared using a random-effects logistic meta-analyzing technique. Analyses focusing on the effect of time of study conductance, centralization, and variation in surgical techniques were performed. RESULTS: Fifty-three studies including 14,966 @entity1 were included. Pooled rates of pouch failure and @entity530 were 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5-6.3) and 7.5% (95% CI 6.1-9.1), respectively. Compared to studies published before 2000, a @entity353 .5% was observed in the pouch failure rate (p   =   0.0038). Analysis on the effect of the time of study conductance confirmed a decline in pouch failure. Functional outcome remained stable over time, with a 24-h defecation frequency of 5.9 (95% CI, 5.0-6.9). Technical surgery aspects did not have an important effect on outcome. CONCLUSION: This review provides up to date outcome estimates of the IPAA procedure that can be useful as reference values for practice and research. It is also shows a reduction in pouch failure over time.

title: Update of complications and functional outcome of the ileo-pouch anal XXXX : overview of evidence and meta-analysis of 96 observational studies.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of 2']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avian @entity683 viruses (AIV) cause high morbidity and mortality among the poultry worldwide. Their highly mutative nature often results in the emergence of drug resistant strains, which have the potential of causing a pandemic. The virus has two immunologically important glycoproteins, @entity11230 (HA), @entity689 ( @entity689 ), and one ion channel protein M2 which are the most important targets for drug discovery, on its surface. In order to identify a peptide-based virus inhibitor against any of these surface proteins, a @entity1520 constrained heptapeptide phage display library was biopanned against @entity1323 virus particles. RESULTS: After four rounds of panning, four different fusion phages were identified. Among the four, the phage displaying the peptide NDFRSKT possessed good anti-viral properties in vitro and in ovo. Further, this peptide inhibited the hemagglutination activity of the viruses but showed very little and no effect on @entity689 and hemolytic activities respectively. The phage-antibody competition assay proved that the peptide competed with anti- @entity683 H9N2 antibodies for the binding sites. Based on yeast two-hybrid assay, we observed that the peptide inhibited the viral replication by interacting with the HA protein and this observation was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that we have successfully identified a novel antiviral peptide against @entity778 which act by binding with the hemagglutination protein of the virus. The broad spectrum activity of the peptide molecule against various subtypes of the avian and @entity1 @entity683 viruses and its comparative efficiency against currently available anti- @entity683 drugs are yet to be explored.

title: Identification and characterisation of a novel anti-viral peptide against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['avian influenza virus H9N2']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['purified AIV sub-type H9N2']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity11230 :: ('MESH:D006388', 'Chemical') :: ['hemagglutinin']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['avian influenza virus H9N2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of inductive @entity221 on @entity2 have yet to be fully investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles used in inductive @entity221 are made-to-order and expensive. This study was performed to investigate the use of @entity11830 in inductive @entity221 and to clarify whether inductive @entity221 using @entity11830 promotes antitumor effects in vivo using a @entity2 cell line. METHODS: We injected A549 cells subcutaneously into the right thighs of BALB/c nu/nu @entity19 . Forty @entity19 with A549 xenografts were then classified into three groups. Group 1 was the control group. All @entity19 in groups 2 and 3 had @entity11830 injected into their @entity5 , and @entity19 in group 3 were then subjected to alternating magnetic field irradiation. We evaluated @entity5 temperature during the hyperthermic procedure, the time course of @entity5 growth, histologic findings in @entity5 after hyperthermic treatment, and adverse events. RESULTS: Intratumor temperature rose rapidly and was maintained at 43  C-45  C for 20 minutes in an alternating magnetic field. @entity5 volumes in groups 1 and 2 increased exponentially, but @entity5 growth in group 3 was significantly suppressed. No severe adverse events were observed. Histologic findings for the @entity5 in group 3 revealed mainly @entity39 . CONCLUSION: Inductive @entity221 using @entity11830 is a beneficial and promising approach in the treatment of @entity2 . @entity11830 is a novel tool for further development of inductive @entity221 .

title: Antitumor effects of inductive @entity221 using magnetic @entity11830 nanoparticles on human @entity2 xenografts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity11830 :: ('MESH:C065507', 'Chemical') :: ['ferucarbotran', 'Ferucarbotran']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A preliminary outcome assessment study of @entity702 cage implants with anterior cervical plating in anterior cervical reconstruction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using @entity702 cage implants and anterior plating in cervical reconstruction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior decompression and interbody fusion is a widely accepted surgical treatment for @entity1 with @entity4720 . Tricortical iliac crest autograft has been the gold standard but is associated with morbidity at the bone graft donor site, whereas allograft fibula is associated with @entity1516 . Problems such as @entity1516 , graft collapse, and extrusion still persist with the accepted method of harvesting and implanting bone autografts. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 were treated by channel corpectomy followed by placement of a @entity702 cage packed with autogenous bone graft from the vertebral bodies to reconstruct the anterior column. An anterior cervical plate was added in 30 of 34 cases that involved decompression of two or more levels. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 56 months, with an average follow-up period of 32 months, and included examination and radiography. RESULTS: Six months after surgery, there was radiographic evidence of fusion in 97% of the @entity1 . Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 (30 of 34) did not experience any complications (neither cage dislodgment nor hardware failure). Four @entity1 had complications that included @entity1516 (1), extruded cage (1), cage in @entity1513 (1), and @entity614 (1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity702 cages provide immediate strong anterior column support with minimum hardware complications and avoid bone graft-site morbidity. @entity702 cages, with concomitant use of anterior plating, offer an effective and safe alternative to bone autografts.

title: Anterior cervical reconstruction using XXXX cages with anterior plating.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: This study investigates determinants of peak bone mass (PBM) in healthy @entity1 , focusing on effects and interactions of parameters reflecting mechanical loading and sex @entity230 . Healthy male siblings (n = 677; 25-45 yr) were recruited in a cross-sectional, population-based study. Physical activity score was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) and bone parameters of radius (4% and 66% site) and @entity2091 (66% site) were assessed using pQCT. Peak torque of biceps and quadriceps muscles was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry. Serum @entity251 (T) and @entity53 (E(2)) levels were measured using immunoassays; free hormone fractions were calculated. Relations between indices of bone strength, @entity2057 , muscle strength, and sex @entity230 were studied using linear mixed-effects modeling. Physical activity, @entity2057 , and muscle strength were positively associated with indices of bone strength, except for volumetric BMD (vBMD). After controlling for age, weight, and height, free E(2) levels were positively associated with trabecular and cortical vBMD, negatively associated with endosteal circumference at the radius, and positively associated with cortical vBMD at the @entity2091 . In addition, positive interactions between physical activity and serum E(2) concentrations were observed for bone size at the @entity2091 . No associations between free T levels and pQCT bone parameters were found. In this population of healthy @entity1 at the age of PBM, parameters reflecting mechanical loading are confirmed as important determinants of bone size. E(2), but not T, levels are positively associated with vBMD and modulate the impact of physical activity on bone size at the @entity2091 .

title: Serum XXXX is associated with volumetric BMD and modulates the impact of physical activity on bone size at the age of peak bone mass: a study in healthy male siblings.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['CSMA', 'Cross-sectional muscle area']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: The effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid, @entity619 , and @entity109 upon the expression of @entity29098 and @entity5795 , major @entity29098 subfamilies in the @entity19 , was differentiated in C57BL/6 @entity19 liver and hepatocytes in primary culture. Overall expression was higher in the untreated female liver than in the male liver. More @entity29098 than @entity5795 mRNA was present in the female liver, whereas the level of @entity5795 was higher in the male. @entity109 increased @entity5795 expression more than did @entity29098 in both sexes. Treatment with @entity619 markedly induced @entity5795 expression dose dependently, but simultaneously suppressed @entity29098 in both sexes. Evidence of this was obtained both in vivo and in hepatocyte culture. Furthermore, the existence of at least two unknown species of @entity29098 , whose expressions were either increased or decreased by @entity619 was suggested. Adrenalectomy increased the expression of @entity29098 and @entity5795 mRNAs, especially that of @entity29098 in the male liver. In addition, the expression of one unknown species which was constitutively suppressed increased in adrenalectomized male @entity19 . That the treatment of @entity619 or adrenalectomy altered the expression of @entity29098 subfamilies suggests that endogenous glucocorticoid hormone plays a basic role in the constitutive expression of @entity7677 . Furthermore, the sex-related difference in the expression of @entity29098 and @entity5795 suggests that sex-dependent secretion of endogeneous modulating factors is involved in the regulatory pathway.

title: Different regulation of the expression of @entity19 hepatic @entity7677 2B enzymes by glucocorticoid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: @entity1 plasma fibronectin contains a latent proteinase that after activation cleaves gelatin and fibronectin. The autoactivation propensity of the two purified @entity10815 -produced fragments of fibronectin (190 and 120 kDa) was compared. Both polypeptides were spontaneously activated in the presence of @entity141 . This activation was inhibited by @entity1098 . The active gelatinase was isolated from the autodigest of the 190-kDa fragment. Among various protein substrates, including laminin and native type I and IV collagens, the purified enzyme degraded only gelatin and fibronectin. We have named this proteinase FN-gelatinase. FN-gelatinase is inhibited by @entity19668 and also by @entity14622 like retroviral aspartic proteinases. The @entity535 composition of the purified enzyme (35 kDa) was compared with the entire fibronectin sequence using the computer programme FIT. The optimal fit indicated that the 35-kDa fragment corresponds to the stretch # 1043-1404. This sequence contains a 93-residue segment (# 1140-1233) analogous to retroviral aspartic proteinases, comprising the sequence DTG of their putative active site.

title: Potential proteolytic activity of XXXX plasma fibronectin: fibronectin gelatinase.

entities_list: @entity14622 :: ('MESH:C031375', 'Chemical') :: ['pepstatin A']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity19668 :: ('MESH:C003614|MESH:D010664', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of topical @entity1487 1% (5-FU) as a primary treatment of ocular surface @entity5 (OSSN). DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 : Topical 5-FU was used as primary therapy in 44 @entity1 with OSSN. METHODS: @entity1487 1% administered topically 4 times daily for 1 week followed by a drug holiday of 3 weeks. @entity1 were identified through a pharmacy database. @entity1 were excluded if 5-FU was used as adjuvant therapy, if they did not complete therapy, or if they were still actively receiving treatment for OSSN at the time of last follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the frequency of complete resolution with topical 5-FU treatment and the rate of OSSN recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 44 @entity1 identified, 32 were @entity1 and 12 were @entity1 . The mean age was 68 years. Complete resolution of OSSN was noted in 82% of @entity1 (36/44); 18% (8/44) were considered treatment nonresponders. @entity1 were treated with a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-9 cycles). Nasal location was the only risk factor identified for nonresponse to therapy (P  = 0.04). The median follow-up after resolution was 10 months (range, 2-77 months). In the 36 @entity1 who showed complete resolution, 4 experienced @entity5 recurrence. Recurrence rates at 1 and 2 years were 6% and 15%, respectively, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. At least 1 side effect from the medication was reported by 61% of @entity1 (21/44), but only 1 @entity1 discontinued the medication because of intolerance. The most common side effect was @entity158 (n  = 17; 39%), followed by tearing (n  = 10; 23%), @entity3917 (n  = 6; 14%), itching (n  = 4; 9%), swelling (n  = 2; 5%), and @entity281 (n  = 1; 2%). No long-term complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1487 is effective and well tolerated as a primary treatment for OSSN, with 82% of @entity5 responding completely to therapy.

title: Topical XXXX 1% as Primary Treatment for Ocular Surface @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: The present studies evaluated intrarenal hemodynamics, pressure natriuresis, and arterial blood pressure in @entity35 following recovery from @entity8 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity5721 , induced by 40 min of bilateral renal @entity432 , resulted in an increase in plasma @entity1011 that resolved within a week. Following 5 wk of recovery on a 0.4% @entity1219 diet, the pressure-natriuresis response was assessed in anesthetized @entity35 in which the kidney was denervated and extrarenal hormones were administered intravenously. Increasing renal perfusion pressure (RPP) from 107 to 141 mmHg resulted in a fourfold increase in urine flow and @entity1372 excretion in sham control @entity35 . In comparison, pressure diuresis and natriuresis were significantly attenuated in post-I/ @entity5698 . In sham @entity35 , glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averaged 1.6 +/- 0.2 mlxmin(-1)xg kidney @entity31204 ) and renal blood flow (RBF) averaged 7.8 +/- 0.7 mlxmin(-1)xg kidney @entity31204 ) at RPP of 129 mmHg. Renal cortical blood flow, measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, was well autoregulated whereas medullary blood flow and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure increased directly with elevated RPP in sham @entity35 . In contrast, GFR and RBF were significantly reduced whereas medullary perfusion and interstitial pressure demonstrated an attenuated response to RPP in post-I/ @entity5698 . Further experiments demonstrated that conscious I/ @entity5698 develop @entity101 when @entity1372 intake is increased. The present data indicate that the pressure-natriuretic-diuretic response in I/ @entity5698 is blunted because of a decrease in GFR and RBF and the depressed pressure-dependent increase in medullary blood flow and interstitial pressure.

title: Recovery from XXXX -reperfusion injury is associated with altered renal hemodynamics, blunted pressure natriuresis, and @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Acute I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity320 still constitutes the main cause of @entity1489 death in developed countries, and its incidence in recent years has been increasing in a steady, worrisome manner. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the clinical, epidemiological and demographic aspects of this disease, and correlated them with @entity1 prognosis. METHODS: Using epidemiologic and clinical data, we analyzed 84 @entity1 with mild to severe primary @entity320 treated between 1990 and 2007. Slides containing surgical specimens were analyzed, and new slides were made from archived paraffin sections when necessary. RESULTS: The @entity320 incidence was higher in areas of sun exposure, with lesions commonly observed in the trunk for males, and lower limbs for females. In addition to Breslow's thickness and @entity1066 (p = 0.043 and p < 0.001, respectively), the mitotic rate per mm(2) also correlated with worse @entity1 outcome (p = 0.0007). The sum of @entity1066 (0 when absent or 1 when present), the Breslow index (1 when <1 mm, 2 when >1 mm and <4 mm, 3 when >4 mm) and the mitotic index (0 when absent or 1 when > or =1 per mm(2)) allowed the establishment of a prognostic score: if the sum was equal to or over three, nearly all (91.7%) @entity1 had @entity262 . The 5-year survival was approximately seventy percent. CONCLUSION: Because American Join Committee of @entity5 Staging will update the classification of @entity5 (TNM) staging in the near future, and introduce mitosis as a prognostic factor, our results show the importance of such a feature. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the importance of a prognostic score as proposed herein.

title: Primary XXXX : an 18-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Saccadic adaptation can be used to study disturbances of sensory processing and motor learning. We investigated whether @entity1 with @entity161 can adjust saccadic amplitudes to account for an @entity227 while the saccade is in flight, and whether they transfer this change to a visuo-manual localization task. Fourteen @entity1 (mean 37.1  years) and 14 healthy controls (mean 35.1  years) performed 200 adaptation trials of 10   with target shifts of 4   in the outward direction. We determined the percent amplitude change during adaptation and adaptation speed. In addition, subjects localized a stimulus that was flashed 50  ms after saccade target onset to measure the transfer of change in visual space perception to visuo-manual coordination. Eye movements were recorded at 1000  Hz. Saccade amplitudes increased over adaptation trials by 11  % (p  <  0.001) similarly in both groups. Amplitude variability during adaptation was higher in @entity1 (1.06        0.32  ) than in controls (0.71        0.14  ; p  =  0.001), while adaptation speed was slower in @entity1 (0.02      0.03) than in controls (0.11      0.11; p  =  0.01). Other pre- and post-adaptation saccade metrics did not differ between groups. The adaptation process shifted localization of the flashed target in the adaptation direction similarly in both groups. The use of error signals for the internal recalibration of sensorimotor systems and the transfer of this recalibration to visual space perception appear basically unimpaired in @entity161 . Higher amplitude variability in @entity1 suggests a certain instability of saccadic control in cerebellar systems. @entity1 seem to rely on @entity227 in frontal circuitry, resulting in slower adaptation speeds, despite unimpaired adaptation strength.

title: Instability of XXXX for sensorimotor adaptation in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['increase in visual error', 'visual error processing']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual error processing']