abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the long-term survival after open ( @entity3012 ) or endovascular (EVAR) repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ), exploring baseline factors that could affect long-term outcome. METHODS: We identified 774 @entity1 (501 EVAR, 273 @entity3012 , during 1996-2004) with data on perioperative risk factors including 37 variables assessed with a standardized @entity1 response instrument. Propensity score was used to adjust for baseline differences between the two cohorts. Matched cohorts survival analysis and Cox multivariate regression were performed. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 6.95 (interquartile range 4.46-9.27) years. EVAR @entity1 were older [75.0    7.7 (SD) vs. 71.3    8.5 years, p < 0.001] and had a higher rate of previous @entity583 (39.3 vs. 25.3%, p < 0.001), @entity358 (25.9 vs. 18.3%, p = 0.020), and history of @entity5 (5.0 vs. 1.8%, p = 0.039). The 30-day mortality was comparable (1.4% EVAR, 1.5% @entity3012 ). Although the unadjusted survival rate was lower (median survival: 7.4 years EVAR, 8.8 @entity3012 , p = 0.011) and early (within 4 years) hazard was higher after EVAR (p = 0.003), no difference in survival was observed after propensity score-matching (p = 0.688) or propensity score-adjusted Cox regression (hazard ratio 1.01, 95 % confidence interval 0.82-1.25, p = 0.911, EVAR vs. @entity3012 ). There was a trend toward higher hazard later in both groups. A multivariate Cox regression identified age, @entity358 , @entity64 , dialysis, oral anticoagulation, @entity299 , and smoking history as variables associated with poor survival. Lipid-lowering medication was found to be protective. CONCLUSIONS: Over long-term follow-up, survivals after endovascular and open repair of AAA are similar. Baseline @entity1 characteristics are correlated with survival, but whether attention to the modifiable risk factor can alter outcome remains to be defined.

title: Ten-year comparison of all-cause mortality after endovascular or open repair of XXXX : a propensity score analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac enlargement']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity532 ) are a frequent problem in primary care. They occur mainly in @entity1 without underlying diseases and with no functional or structural anomalies of the urinary tract; consequently most cases are considered uncomplicated @entity532 . Etiology is influenced by factors such as age, @entity6 , @entity1566 , urinary catheterization, and other factors. @entity526 causes 80-85% of acute episodes of uncomplicated @entity2335 . @entity8803 , @entity5609 , @entity5967 and @entity4005 spp. are responsible for most of the remaining episodes. The spectrum of bacteria that causes complicated @entity532 is much broader. Rates of resistance have undergone considerable variations, and consequently the empirical treatment of @entity532 requires constant updating of the antibiotic sensitivity of the main uropathogens of the area, country or institution. To correctly interpret the global data on sensitivity, the type of @entity532 ( @entity532 ), sex, age and previous antibiotic therapy in each @entity1 must be taken into account. Resistance in uncomplicated @entity532 has clinical significance (although less than in @entity281 such as @entity2259 ), which depends on whether the infection is @entity2335 or @entity2885 .

title: [Epidemiology and etiology of XXXX in the community. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the main pathogens and clinical significance of resistance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'uncomplicated versus complicated']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: @entity1 with relapsed and/or refractory multiple @entity1582 (RRMM) have poor prognosis. The STRATUS study assessed safety and efficacy of @entity16291 plus low-dose @entity619 in the largest cohort to date of @entity1 with RRMM. @entity1 who failed treatment with @entity1749 and @entity6985 and had adequate prior alkylator therapy were eligible. @entity16291 4 mg was given on days 1-21 of 28-day cycles with low-dose @entity619 40 mg (20 mg for @entity1 aged >75 years) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 until progressive disease or unacceptable @entity137 . Safety was the primary end point; secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Among 682 @entity1 enrolled, median age was 66 years, and median time since diagnosis was 5.3 years. Median number of prior regimens was 5. Most @entity1 were refractory to both @entity6985 and @entity1749 (80.2%). Median follow-up was 16.8 months; median duration of treatment was 4.9 months. Most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were @entity1503 ( @entity1398 [49.7%], @entity417 [33.0%], and @entity882 [24.1%]). Most common grade 3/4 nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity55 (10.9%) and @entity1295 (5.9%). Grade 3/4 @entity1211 and @entity1897 were rare (1.6% each). The ORR was 32.6%, and the median DOR was 7.4 months. Median PFS and @entity1349 were 4.6 months and 11.9 months, respectively. We present the largest trial to date evaluating @entity16291 plus low-dose @entity619 in @entity1 with RRMM, further confirming that this regimen offers clinically meaningful benefit and is generally well tolerated. www.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01712789.

title: Safety and efficacy of XXXX plus low-dose @entity619 in STRATUS (MM-010): a phase 3b study in refractory multiple @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16291 :: ('MESH:C467566', 'Chemical') :: ['Pomalidomide', 'pomalidomide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity16291 :: (MESH:C467566,Chemical) :: ['pomalidomide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of inflammatory deposits occurring within intermediate duration postoperative @entity40292 ( @entity22105 ) for @entity1713 repair. METHODS: Prospective interventional case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1713 treated with intermediate duration postoperative vitreous cavity @entity22105 endotamponade were analyzed by ophthalmoscopy for the presence of @entity32 and white deposits. Ten consecutive samples developing white deposits were analyzed microscopically. Clinical variables were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-one eyes of 181 @entity1 were included (mean age = 52.4    14 years; mean follow-up = 29.7    14 months). Fifty of 181 @entity1 (28%) developed a characteristic foreign body response with abundant white deposits within indwelling @entity22105 . Ten consecutive samples analyzed histologically contained abundant macrophages, the absence of additional inflammatory cells, and intracytoplasmic optically lucent inclusions. Foreign body response was associated with longer duration of @entity22105 (P = 0.003). @entity40292 foreign body response was not associated with age (P = 0.136), ethnicity (P = 0.101), visual outcome (P = 0.157), or persistent intraocular pressure elevation (P = 0.381). CONCLUSION: A stereotypical foreign body response occurs in     30% of @entity1 with postoperative vitreous cavity @entity22105 and becomes clinically apparent at 7 days to 10 days after initial placement for @entity1713 repair. The response consists almost exclusively of macrophages and does not seem to be related to either long-term intraocular pressure elevation or visual outcome. The response may be related to the duration of indwelling @entity22105 and may limit visualization of the retina during @entity22105 removal.

title: Foreign body response within postoperative XXXX for @entity1713 repair: clinical features, grading system, and histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['inferior retinal detachment', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity40292 :: ('MESH:C073608', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoro-n-octane', 'Perfluoro-n-octane']

answer: @entity40292 :: (MESH:C073608,Chemical) :: ['perfluoro-N-octane']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Results on @entity5 characteristics and survival of @entity0 (BC), especially on @entity2674 -associated BC, are inconclusive. The prognostic impact of the classical @entity5 and treatment factors in hereditary BC is insufficiently known. METHODS: We selected 103 @entity2674 -, 223 @entity5345 - and 311 non- @entity5345 /2 BC @entity1 (diagnosis 1980-2004) from the Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic. To correct for longevity bias, analyses were also performed while excluding index @entity1 undergoing DNA testing 2 years after BC diagnosis. As a comparison group, 759 sporadic BC @entity1 of comparable age at and year of diagnosis were selected. We compared @entity5 characteristics, the occurrence of ipsilateral recurrence (LRR) and contralateral BC (CBC) as well as distant disease-free (DDFS), BC-specific (BCSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between these groups. By multivariate modelling, the prognostic @entity5 and treatment factors was investigated separately in hereditary BC. RESULTS: We confirmed the presence of the particular @entity5345 -phenotype. In contrast, @entity5 characteristics of @entity2674 -associated BC were similar to those of non- @entity6069 and sporadic BC, with the exception of a high risk of CBC (3.1% per year) and @entity2931 -receptor (ER)-positivity (83%). No significant differences between @entity2674 -associated BC and other BC subgroups were found with respect to LRR, DDFS, BCSS and @entity1349 . Independent prognostic factors for BC-specific survival in hereditary BC (combining the three subgroups) were @entity5 stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, histologic grade, ER status and a prophylactic (salpingo-)oophorectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from the frequent occurrence of contralateral BC and a positive ER-status, @entity2674 -associated BC did not markedly differ from other hereditary or sporadic BC. Our observation that @entity5 size and nodal status are prognostic factors also in hereditary BC implies that the strategy to use these factors as a proxy for ultimate mortality appears to be valid also in this specific group of @entity1 .

title: Tumour characteristics, survival and prognostic factors of @entity0 from XXXX -, @entity5345 - and non- @entity6069 families as compared to @entity0 cases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['impact of tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placement of @entity8 has a high technical success rate in @entity731 , but little is known about the clinical benefits of the procedure. We monitored renal function serially before and after stent insertion in @entity1 with @entity177 . METHODS: Renal function was assessed before and after stent placement by means of serial serum @entity1011 values in 32 @entity1 with @entity2791 . The effect on the progression of @entity177 was analysed in 23 @entity1 by comparison of the reciprocal slopes of serum @entity1011 versus time plots before and after stent placement. FINDINGS: 33 transluminal stents were placed in 32 @entity1 with @entity731 . Immediate patency was achieved in all cases: the angiographic restenosis rate at 6 months was 12% (n = 24). One @entity1 died after a procedure-related @entity548 . Median diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower after stenting than before (95 [IQR 86-103] vs 87 [81-90] mm Hg; p > 0.01) but the requirement for antihypertensive drugs was unchanged. Renal function improved or stabilised in 22 (69%) of the 32 @entity1 . Progression of @entity177 was significantly slowed after the procedure; the mean (SE) of the slopes of reciprocal serum @entity1011 values was -4.34 (0.85) L mumol-1 day-1 before stent placement, and -0.55 (1.0) L mumol-1 day-1 after stent placement (p < 0.01, two-sample t test). INTERPRETATION: Renal-stent placement in selected @entity1 slows the progression of @entity177 and may delay the need for renal replacement therapy.

title: Effect of @entity8 stenting on progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-artery stents']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renovascular renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Follow-up for @entity5 survivors is recommended to detect recurrence; monitor @entity37002 ; record @entity137 and provide care and education. We describe our experience with a three-level model developed to guide decisions about intensity and frequency of follow-up [Wallace WHB, Blacklay A, Eiser C, et al. Developing strategies for the long term follow-up of survivors of childhood @entity5 . BMJ 2001;323:271-274]. PROCEDURE: One hundred and ninety eight survivors (52% male) recruited over 12-months: (mean age=23.8 years, range=16-39 years; mean time since diagnosis=16.2 years, range 2.4-32.7 years) reported their number of symptoms and @entity37002 . Information was taken from the medical records to assign each survivor to the appropriate levels by six clinic staff independently. RESULTS: The survivors were assigned to level 1 (n=8), level 2 (n=97) and level 3 (n=93). There were seven cases of disagreement. Level 3 survivors self-reported more symptoms and @entity37002 than level 2 survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Coding was relatively simple for experienced clinic staff, although there were some disagreements for the survivors of ALL. The relationship between assigned level and self-reported symptoms and @entity37002 provides some evidence for validity of the model. We conclude that it is important to maintain flexibility to allow movement between levels for individual @entity1 and that the default should always be to the higher level.

title: Follow-up after childhood XXXX : evaluation of a three-level model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity37002 :: ('MESH:D011297', 'Disease') :: ['late-effects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical face masks were originally developed to contain and filter droplets containing microorganisms expelled from the mouth and nasopharynx of healthcare workers during surgery, thereby providing protection for the @entity1 . However, there are several ways in which surgical face masks could potentially contribute to contamination of the surgical wound, e.g. by incorrect wear or by leaking air from the side of the mask due to poor string tension. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the wearing of disposable surgical face masks by the surgical team during clean surgery reduces postoperative @entity6081 . SEARCH METHODS: In December 2015, for this seventh update, we searched: The Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process _ Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE and EBSCO CINAHL. We also searched the bibliographies of all retrieved and relevant publications. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing the use of disposable surgical masks with the use of no mask. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors extracted data independently. MAIN RESULTS: We included three trials, involving a total of 2106 @entity1 . There was no statistically significant difference in @entity281 rates between the masked and unmasked group in any of the trials. We identified no new trials for this latest update. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: From the limited results it is unclear whether the wearing of surgical face masks by members of the surgical team has any impact on @entity6081 rates for @entity1 undergoing clean surgery.

title: Disposable surgical face masks for preventing XXXX in clean surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['surgical wound infection']

answer: @entity6081 :: (MESH:D013530,Disease) :: ['surgical wound infection']


abstract: 1. The formation of internal @entity17153 ( @entity41234 ) residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is a postsynthetic modification in which @entity3874 ( @entity3874 ) serves as the @entity5498 donor. 2. Of the @entity5498 groups incorporated into mature mRNA 30-50% occur in @entity41234 residues. 3. Although most cellular and certain viral mRNAs contain at least one @entity41234 residue, some transcripts such as those coding for histone and globin are completely lacking in this modification. 4. @entity17153 residues have also been localized to heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), and for the most part these residues are conserved during mRNA processing. 5. In all known cases, the @entity41234 residues are also found in a strict consensus sequence, Gm6AC or Am6AC, within the transcript. 6. Although the biological significance of internal @entity5536 methylation in eucaryotic mRNA remains unclear, a great deal of research has indicated that this modification may be required for mRNA transport to the cytoplasm, the selection of splice sites or other RNA processing reactions.

title: The formation of internal XXXX residues in eucaryotic messenger RNA.

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity17153 :: ('MESH:C005955', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Methyladenine', '6-methyladenine']

answer: @entity17153 :: (MESH:C005955,Chemical) :: ['6-methyladenine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the trends in incidence of @entity5 during 1978-2008 and high-grade @entity546 ( @entity7071 /3) during 1998-2008 in Denmark. METHODS: Using two nationwide registries, we estimated age- and period-specific incidence rates. Log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We identified 1,488 @entity1 with @entity5 and 285 @entity1 with @entity7071 /3. The incidence of @entity5 increased from 1.0 to 1.3 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 1978-1979 to 2006-2008; this represented an @entity1987 of 0.8% (95% CI: 0.17-1.37). @entity957 ( @entity957 ) was the most common histological type (91.7%). The median age at diagnosis was 67 years, and the age-specific incidence rate of penile @entity957 increased with increasing age. The incidence rate of @entity7071 /3 increased significantly (0.5 to 0.9 per 100,000 @entity1 -years) in 1998-1999 to 2006-2008, and this represented an @entity1987 of 7.1% (95% CI: 3.30-11.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity5 increased in 1978-2008 in Denmark, and the same applied to @entity7071 /3 in 1998-2008. A high prevalence of @entity1082 ) and a low circumcision rate in Denmark may partly explain our results.

title: Increased incidence of XXXX and high-grade @entity546 in Denmark 1978-2008: a nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['average annual percentage change', 'AAPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: @entity413 uptake in the heart is mediated by specific @entity413 transporters (GLUTs) present on cardiomyocyte cell surface membranes. Metabolic stress and insulin both increase @entity413 transport by stimulating the translocation of @entity413 transporters from intracellular storage vesicles to the cell surface. Isolated perfused transgenic @entity19 hearts are commonly used to investigate the molecular regulation of heart metabolism; however, current methods to quantify cell surface @entity413 transporter content in intact @entity19 hearts are limited. Therefore, we developed a novel technique to directly assess the cell surface content of the cardiomyocyte @entity413 transporter @entity3240 in perfused @entity19 hearts, using a cell surface impermeant biotinylated bis-glucose photolabeling reagent (bio-LC-ATB-BGPA). Bio-LC-ATB-BGPA was infused through the aorta and cross-linked to cell surface GLUTs. Bio-LC-ATB-BGPA-labeled @entity3240 was recovered from cardiac membranes by streptavidin isolation and quantified by immunoblotting. Bio-LC-ATB-BGPA-labeling of @entity3240 was saturable and competitively inhibited by @entity413 . Stimulation of @entity413 uptake by insulin in the perfused heart was associated with parallel increases in bio-LC-ATB-BGPA-labeling of cell surface @entity3240 . Bio-LC-ATB-BGPA also labeled cell surface @entity29408 in the perfused heart. Thus, photolabeling provides a novel approach to assess cell surface @entity413 transporter content in the isolated perfused @entity19 heart and may prove useful to investigate the mechanisms through which insulin, @entity63 , and other stimuli regulate @entity413 metabolism in the heart and other perfused organs.

title: Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel: a new method to quantify cell surface @entity3240 in the intact XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose', 'd-glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Imaging with @entity419 PET is increasingly accepted as a valuable tool for @entity706 management. A recent shift in the use of PET and PET/CT in medical practice has become evident. We selected @entity146 as a platform for the discussion of these imaging modalities in oncology @entity1 and the resulting management questions. METHODS: On the basis of our clinical experience and a review of the literature, we evaluated the emerging role of @entity419 PET in staging, response assessment, risk stratification, and tailored therapy. We explored the biologic meaning of true-positive or true-negative PET results in assessing @entity5 killing and the implications for risk-adapted therapy of @entity706 . RESULTS: PET/CT improves the accuracy of staging and response assessment over that of conventional anatomic imaging. The strong prognostic value of PET for @entity146 is established, whether the imaging is performed at the end of therapy or after only a few cycles of chemotherapy. How to modify therapy on the basis of PET results is not yet established, although it is clear that high-risk @entity1 subsets can be reliably identified. CONCLUSION: PET/CT improves the accuracy of staging and response assessment over that of CT alone. A negative midtreatment PET result does not indicate the absence of a viable @entity5 or that therapy can be abbreviated or reduced in intensity. Similarly, a positive PET result does not necessarily indicate a viable @entity5 or that extending or intensifying treatment will benefit the @entity1 . In assessing response, it is possible that prognosis rests not only on whether the PET result is positive or negative but also on the intensity of the signal. Although the prognostic value of PET for @entity706 is now clear, how to tailor therapy accordingly is a separate matter that requires further investigation.

title: Integrating PET and PET/CT into the risk-adapted therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aggressive surgical treatment of oral and @entity5 may be compromised by significant surgical complications. Early identification of @entity1 at risk for @entity260 may assist in clinical decision-making. The objective of this study was to assess the value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score in predicting @entity260 . METHODS: There were 510 cases of free tissue transfer surgery identified on the Liverpool Oncology Head and Neck Database for 1995 to 2002. APACHE II data were collected independently from critical care records and by case note retrieval. The authors' main a priori outcomes were @entity177 and any immediate complication requiring further surgery (including any from @entity548 , @entity1410 , @entity177 , airways, and @entity254 exploration). RESULTS: Overall total flap loss and immediate complication rates were 6.2 percent (30 of 485) and 13.6 percent (66 of 485), respectively. APACHE II data were known for 399 operations (82 percent) and, of these, 90 percent (360 of 399) were managed postoperatively in the critical care unit. There were clear correlations between APACHE II scores with total flap loss and with other immediate complications. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE II score is associated with immediate postoperative surgical complications involving flap compromise and thus may be a useful tool in postoperative decision-making.

title: APACHE II scoring for the prediction of immediate surgical complications in head and neck cancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative surgical complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['partial flap failure', 'total flap failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by neurotoxigenic clostridial species, are the cause of the severe disease @entity6938 in @entity1 and animals. Early research on BoNTs has led to their classification into seven serotypes (serotypes A to G) based upon the selective neutralization of their @entity137 in @entity19 by homologous antibodies. Recently, a report of a potential eighth serotype of BoNT, designated "type H," has been controversial. This novel BoNT was produced together with BoNT/B2 in a dual-toxin-producing @entity6940 . The data used to designate this novel toxin as a new serotype were derived from culture supernatant containing both BoNT/B2 and novel toxin and from sequence information, although data from two independent laboratories indicated neutralization by antibodies raised against BoNT/A1, and classification as BoNT/FA was proposed. The sequence data indicate a chimeric structure consisting of a BoNT/A1 receptor binding domain, a BoNT/F5 light-chain domain, and a novel translocation domain most closely related to BoNT/F1. Here, we describe characterization of this toxin purified from the native strain in which expression of the second BoNT (BoNT/B) has been eliminated. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the toxin preparation contained only BoNT/FA and confirmed catalytic activity analogous to that of BoNT/F5. The in vivo @entity19 bioassay indicated a specific activity of this toxin of 3.8 * 10(7) @entity19 50% lethal dose (mLD50) units/mg, whereas activity in cultured @entity1 neurons was very high (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.02 mLD50/well). Neutralization assays in cells and @entity19 both indicated full neutralization by various antibodies raised against BoNT/A1, although at 16- to 20-fold-lower efficiency than for BoNT/A1. IMPORTANCE Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by anaerobic bacteria, are the cause of the potentially deadly, @entity66 . BoNTs have been classified into seven serotypes, serotypes A to G, based upon their selective neutralization by homologous antiserum, which is relevant for clinical and diagnostic purposes. Even though supportive care dramatically reduces the death rate of @entity6938 , the only pharmaceutical intervention to reduce symptom severity and recovery time is early administration of antitoxin (antiserum raised against BoNTs). A recent report of a novel BoNT serotype, serotype H, raised concern of a "treatment-resistant" and highly potent toxin. However, the toxin's chimeric structure and characteristics indicate a chimeric BoNT/FA. Here we describe the first characterization of this novel toxin in purified form. BoNT/FA was neutralized by available antitoxins, supporting classification as BoNT/FA. BoNT/FA required proteolytic activation to achieve full @entity137 and had relatively low potency in @entity19 compared to BoNT/A1 but surprisingly high activity in cultured neurons.

title: Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified XXXX Strain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neuroparalytic disease botulism']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium  botulinum strain']

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based study with mortality follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To study mortality, causes and risk factors for @entity204 in Estonian @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: All Estonian hospitals. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with @entity1566 from all regional, central, general, and rehabilitation hospitals in Estonia from 1997 to 2007, were retrospectively reviewed. Mortality status was ascertained as of 31 December 2011. Causes of @entity204 were collected from the Estonian Causes of Death Registry. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the entire sample and for causes of @entity204 . A Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk indicators for @entity204 . RESULTS: During the observation period (1997-2011) 162 @entity1 of 595 died. Nearly half of the @entity1 (n = 76) died during the first year after @entity1566 . The main causes of @entity204 were external causes (30%), @entity65 (29%). and suicide (8%). The overall @entity5047 was 2.81 (95% confidence interval 2.40-3.28) and @entity5047 was higher for @entity1 than for @entity1 (3.80 vs. 2.70). Cause-specific SMRs were markedly elevated for @entity295 and suicide. Mortality was significantly affected by the age at the time of injury, neurological level, and extent of the injury as well as the year of @entity1566 and complications. CONCLUSION: Life expectancy is significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity1566 in Estonia compared with the general population. Deaths during the first year after the injury have an important impact on statistics. Treatment of @entity65 , @entity281 , and prevention of suicide are useful for reducing mortality in @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Mortality and causes of @entity204 after XXXX in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['TSCI', 'traumatic spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['traumatic spinal cord injury']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the versatility of a new basal cell culture medium, GTSF-2. In addition to traditional growth-factors, GTSF-2 contains a blend of three @entity3363 ( @entity413 , @entity3649 , and @entity948 ) at their physiological levels. For these studies, we isolated normal endothelial cells from @entity1 , @entity291 , and @entity35 large blood vessels and microvessels. In addition, GTSF-2 was also tested as a replacement for high- @entity413 -containing medium for PC12 @entity1911 cells and for other, transformed cell lines. The cell growth characteristics were assessed with a novel cell viability and proliferation assay, which is based on the bioreduction of the fluorescent dye, Alamar Blue. After appropriate calibration, the Alamar Blue assay was found to be equivalent to established cell proliferation assays. Alamar Blue offers the advantage that cell proliferation can be measured in the same wells over an extended period of time. For some of the cell types (e.g., endothelial cells isolated from the @entity291 aorta, the @entity35 adrenal medulla, or the transformed cells), proliferation in unmodified GTSF-2 was equivalent to that in the original culture media. For others cell types (e.g., @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells and PC12 cells), GTSF-2 proved to be a superior growth medium, when supplemented with simple additives, such as endothelial cell growth supplement ( @entity664 ) or horse serum. Our results suggest that GTSF-2 is a versatile basal medium that will be useful for studying organ-specific differentiation in heterotypic coculture studies.

title: GTSF-2: a new, versatile cell culture medium for diverse normal and transformed XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase in the differentiating left and right M  llerian ducts was assayed and compared with that in other embryonic organs, i.e. the liver and the brain throughout the stages of development. In general the enzyme activity was high in the early stages and decreased extensively in the late stages of development. Specifically, in the left and righ M  llerian ducts, the enzyme activity was high from day 8 to day 9 of incubation. In the right duct the enzyme activity started to decline on day 9 and then continuously decreased to an almost undetectable value on day 18 of incubation. In the left duct the enzyme activity also decreased slightly from day 9 to day 12; however, it increased from day 13 to day 15 and finally decreased to a constant value from day 18 until hatching. The alteration in enzyme activity in the M  llerian duct as assayed in vitro during development is not due to the effect of the size of the endogenous @entity7222 pool. When the enzyme activity was subjected to @entity2931 stimulation, an increase of 5--10-fold for the left duct and of 5--3-fold for the right duct was observed during the course of development. No such stimulation was observed with the treatment of @entity1420 . @entity251 consistently caused a 25--30% inhibition of the enzyme activity in the M  llerian duct. @entity2931 slightly stimulated the enzyme activity in the developing liver but inhibited that of the brain. The concentration of the three @entity4663 measured in the M  llerian duct corresponds to the activity of the enzyme determined.

title: Studies on sex-organ development. Oestrogenic effect on XXXX decarboxylase activity in the differentiating M  llerian ducts and other organs of the chick embryo.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

answer: @entity7222 :: (CHEBI:18257,Chemical) :: ['ornithine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictors of @entity41 at repeat transurethral resection of @entity150 (re-TURBT) for the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 and evaluate the effect of the @entity41 on the prognosis of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 who underwent re-TURBT from 2008 to 2015 in our department. Seventy-two @entity1 received re-TURBT 2-6 weeks after the initial TURBT. A total of 65 @entity1 were followed up, and we recorded the events of @entity5 recurrence, @entity5 progression, radical cystectomy and @entity5 specific @entity204 .The influencing factors of re-TURBT positive rate were analyzed.The effects of re-TURBT positive or negative findings on the prognosiswere compared. RESULTS: 33.3% of the @entity1 who received re-TURBT had @entity5 . Re-TURBT positive in T1 @entity150 has significant correlation with @entity5 size (P<0.05). @entity41 tended to be detected in @entity1 with @entity5 (diameter >=  4 cm) but might have no relationship with @entity5 grade or @entity5 number. The recurrence rate within 3 month ofthe @entity1 with @entity5 at re-TURBT was 25% (5/20), while there were no @entity1 suffering recurrence who had no @entity5 at re-TURBT, which had a significant difference (P<0.001). However, the overall recurrence rate, progression rate, rate of radical cystectomy and @entity5 specific mortality showed no significant difference between the two groups (45% vs 40%, P=0.71; 10% vs 6.7%, P=0.64; 5% vs 8.9%, P=0.59; 5% vs 2.2%, P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: For the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 , @entity5 could be a predictor for @entity41 at re-TURBT. The presence of @entity41 is associated with early recurrence.

title: [Clinical significance of @entity41 at repeat transurethral resection in XXXX with T1 @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'Residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'residual tumours', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27664 (ET) is a @entity599 containing @entity535 that functions as an antioxidant. Mushrooms are a primary source of ET containing from 0.4 to 2.0mg/g (dry-weight). The bioavailability of ET from mushrooms in @entity1 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the bioavailability of ET in healthy @entity1 (n=10) in a pilot study, using a randomized, cross-over, dose-response, postprandial time-course design, conducted at the General Clinical Research Center at Pennsylvania State University in 2009. METHOD: ET was administered through a mushroom test meal containing 8 g and 16 g of mushroom powder. Postprandial red blood cell concentrations of ET were measured. Plasma @entity413 , @entity1674 , HDL, LDL and total @entity165 also were monitored. Biomarkers of @entity32 and oxidative stress were evaluated using C-reactive protein and ORAC(total). RESULTS: ET was bioavailable after consuming mushrooms and a trend in the postprandial @entity412 response indicated that there was a blunting effect after both the 8 g and 16 g ET doses were compared with the 0 g dose. Despite ET's antioxidant properties, ORAC(total) values decreased after the 8 g and 16 g mushroom meal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity27664 from A. bisporus mushrooms is bioavailable as assessed by red blood cell uptake postprandially, and consumption is associated with an attenuated postprandial TG response.

title: The bioavailability of XXXX from mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the acute effects on antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity27664 :: ('MESH:D004880', 'Chemical') :: ['Ergothioneine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity27664 :: (MESH:D004880,Chemical) :: ['ergothioneine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity428 as a complication of @entity879 has a mortality of about 90% in @entity1 who do not respond to treatment with @entity2656 and ultrafiltration. We investigated the safety and efficacy of moderate @entity2332 for uncontrolled increase in intracranial pressure in @entity1 with @entity879 . METHODS: We studied seven consecutive @entity1 aged 16-46 years (five @entity1 , four candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation [OLT]) with @entity879 who fulfilled criteria for poor-prognosis @entity1578 and had @entity428 that was unresponsive to two treatments with @entity2656 and ultrafiltration. We used cooling blankets to lower the @entity1 ' core temperature to 32-33 degrees C. @entity1 who were not suitable candidates for OLT ( @entity1 1-3) were cooled for 8 h and then gradually rewarmed over 1 h to a baseline temperature of 37 degrees C. @entity1 who were suitable candidates for OLT ( @entity1 4-7) were cooled before and during the OLT procedure. We measured cerebral blood flow and metabolic indices before and after cooling. FINDINGS: The four @entity1 who were candidates for OLT were successfully maintained until transplantation with 13 (range 10-14) h of @entity2332 . The three @entity1 who were unsuitable candidates for OLT died after rewarming. Intracranial pressure before cooling was 45 (25-49) mm Hg and was reduced in all @entity1 to 16 (13-17) mm Hg (p<0.05). Cerebral blood flow decreased from 103 (25-134) mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) before cooling to 44 (24-75) mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) after cooling (p<0.05). The corresponding changes for cerebral perfusion pressure was an increase from 45 (37-56) mm Hg to 70 (60-78) mm Hg (p<0.05) and for cardiac index a decrease from 9.8 (7-13) to 5.1 (4.3-6.1) L per min per m2 of body surface area. During @entity2332 there was no significant relapse of @entity428 . Arterial @entity3265 and cerebral uptake of @entity3265 were significantly reduced with cooling. No adverse effects of @entity2332 were observed. INTERPRETATION: Moderate @entity2332 is useful in the treatment of uncontrolled increase in intracranial pressure in @entity1 with @entity879 and may serve as a bridge to OLT.

title: Moderate XXXX for uncontrolled @entity428 in @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the electroencephalographic changes of @entity1 with @entity814 ( @entity814 ) after dietetic treatments. METHODS: From July 2005 to February 2010, 34 @entity814 @entity1 with abnormal electroencephalograms were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Their electroencephalographic results and clinical features were compared before and after dietetic and antiepileptic treatments. There were 16 males and 18 females with an age range of 2 months to 8 years. All electroencephalographic results were abnormal. Among them, there were @entity302 discharges (n = 17), atypical sharp-slow wave complex (n = 1) and slow wave background (n = 16). All @entity1 received a low intake of @entity815 at 13-50 mg  kg(-1)  d(-1). Twenty patients had antiepileptic drug therapy. Before and after treatment for 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, blood @entity815 concentration, electroencephalogram, @entity410 and other clinical parameters were observed. Before and after 1 year treatment, the tests of developmental quotient (DQ) or intelligence quotient (IQ) were performed. RESULTS: The @entity815 concentrations of the same @entity1 group decreased significantly after 3 months, 6 months, 1 and 2 years after dietetic treatment ( (0.51    0.39) , (0.50    0.29), (0.59    0.42), (0.53    0.27) vs (1.33    0.64) mmol/L, all P = 0.000). Among 19 @entity302 cases, 16 ceased after treatment. And 14 stayed @entity410 -free within 3 months post-treatments, 2 cases had intermittent @entity410 while there was 1 case of focal @entity410 . Fourteen cases withdrew antiepileptic medications or reduced their doses. After treatment, the electroencephalographic results became totally normal in 8 of the 19 @entity302 cases. Electroencephalographic results improved in 5 cases versus pre-treatment. Spikes were controlled in 10 cases including 5 @entity1 with hyperarrhythmia in the abnormal electroencephalographic group with @entity302 . Six cases continued abnormal electroencephalogram. In the abnormal electroencephalographic group without @entity302 (n = 15) , electroencephalograms were normal (n = 3), improved (n = 6) and continued mild abnormal waves (n = 2). However, there were 4 cases with deteriorated electroencephalogram and 3 of them showed spikes. DQ (IQ) was evaluated in 16 cases. And variable @entity1032 was observed in all of them. After, year treatment, 7 cases were evaluated DQ (IQ), and their results showed improved (57    16 vs 50    16, t = -5.42, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Etiological treatment for @entity814 @entity1 is important for controlling @entity302 and improving brain function. And electroencephalogram is useful for monitoring brain functions and evaluating treatment outcomes.

title: [Electroencephalogram evaluation of @entity814 XXXX on dietetic treatments].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphenylalaninemia', 'HPA']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a lymph-cannulated @entity19 model, and use the model to investigate the impact of lipid dose on exogenous and endogenous lipid recruitment, and drug transport, into the lymph of males versus females. Finally, lymphatic transport and drug absorption in the @entity19 were compared to other pre-clinical models ( @entity35 / @entity235 ). METHODS: Animals were orally or intraduodenally administered 1.6  mg/kg @entity12963 in low or high @entity3209 -lipid doses. For bioavailability calculation, animals were intravenuosly administered @entity12963 . Lymph or blood samples were taken and @entity12963 , @entity412 , @entity10271 and @entity3209 -lipid concentrations measured. RESULTS: Lymphatic lipid transport increased linearly with lipid dose, was similar across species and in male/female animals. In contrast, lymphatic transport of @entity12963 differed markedly across species ( @entity235 > @entity35 > @entity19 ) and plateaued at higher lipid doses. Lower bioavailability appeared responsible for some species differences in @entity12963 lymphatic transport; however other systematic differences were involved. CONCLUSIONS: A contemporary lymph-cannulated @entity19 model was established which will enable investigation of lymphatic transport in transgenic and disease models. The current study found @entity12963 absorption and lymphatic transport are reduced in small animals. Future analyses will investigate mechanisms involved, and if similar trends occur for other drugs, to establish the most relevant model(s) to predict lymphatic transport in @entity1 .

title: A XXXX model to evaluate the impact of species, sex, and lipid load on lymphatic drug transport.

entities_list: @entity12963 :: ('MESH:C023768', 'Chemical') :: ['halofantrine']

entities_list: @entity10271 :: ('CHEBI:16247', 'Chemical') :: ['phospholipid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity3270 , also known as @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ), usually presents as a dermal and/or subcutaneous @entity5 . Rarely, it is confined to the epidermis or adnexal epithelium [ @entity3852 in situ (MCCIS)]. Little is known about the spectrum of features and biology of MCCIS. Herein, we report a case of MCCIS arising on the cheek of a 77-year-old Caucasian male, which was associated with @entity957 in situ. The @entity5 cells of both the neuroendocrine and squamous components prominently involved adnexal structures but did not invade the dermis. The @entity5 cells with neuroendocrine features were immunoreactive for @entity2225 , chromogranin and @entity5473 . They also expressed @entity876 but were non-reactive with the monoclonal antibody CM2B4. Lack of labeling for CM2B4 is in keeping with prior observations of combined squamous and @entity3852 . Our findings support the concept of a distinct subtype of virus-independent @entity3270 that differs from conventional @entity3852 . The observed overexpression of @entity876 suggests that the development of this @entity5 type may be related to chronic ultraviolet damage.

title: Combined intraepidermal neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) and @entity957 in situ with CM2B4 negativity and XXXX overexpression(*).

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The @entity22029 -25 microRNA (miRNA) cluster is a candidate oncogene in @entity1 @entity263 . Here, we report that miRNAs encoded by @entity22029 -25 are upregulated in both @entity5 and distant @entity3 . Moreover, increased @entity5 @entity22029 expression was associated with disease recurrence and the combination of high @entity22029 and low @entity14544 ( @entity14544 ) expressions in @entity5 was an independent predictor of early disease recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio=4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-12.3). To identify yet unknown oncogenic functions of @entity22029 , we overexpressed it in LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cells to examine @entity22029 -induced global expression changes among protein-coding genes. The approach revealed that @entity14544 is a direct target of @entity22029 , which was confirmed by western blot analysis and a 3'-untranslated region reporter assay. Moreover, selected phenotypes induced by @entity22029 knockdown in DU145 @entity1 @entity263 cells did not develop when both @entity22029 and @entity14544 expression were inhibited. Further analyses showed that @entity14544 is downregulated in primary @entity263 and metastatic lesions across multiple data sets and is by itself associated with disease recurrence and disease-specific survival. Using bioinformatics, we also observed that @entity22029 -25 may specifically influence focal adhesion-related pathways. This observation was experimentally examined using @entity22029 -25-transduced @entity1 @entity1 @entity263 cells. After infection with a @entity22029 -25 lentiviral expression construct, @entity1 cells showed increased adhesion to basement membrane- and bone matrix-related filaments and enhanced soft agar growth. In summary, @entity22029 -25 was found to be associated with @entity263 progression and disease outcome and may do so by altering apoptosis- and focal adhesion-related pathways.

title: MicroRNA-106b-25 cluster expression is associated with early disease recurrence and targets @entity14544 and focal adhesion in XXXX @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A new turn-on fluorescence sensor based on @entity42546 (XO) functionalized @entity29312 / @entity9545 quantum dots (QDs) is developed for the determination of lead ion. @entity29312 / @entity9545 QDs were first modified by @entity33437 ( @entity11596 ). The MAA-modified QDs were then capped with the natural biopolymer chitosan and the negatively charged XO. The XO-functionalized QDs were formed via the layer-by-layer self-assembly reaction. The fluorescence of the QDs was quenched by electron transfer mechanism after XO was bound to the QDs. Upon the addition of @entity10781 , a dramatic enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was observed, which resulted from the coordination between @entity10781 and XO on QDs surface and the disruption of the electron transfer mechanism. Hence the fluorescence of the QDs was recovered. The recovery of the fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of @entity10781 added from 0.05 to 6  mol L(-1). A detection limit of 0.02  mol L(-1) was achieved. This method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in real samples with satisfactory results.

title: Layer-by-layer self-assembly @entity42546 functionalized XXXX / @entity9545 quantum dots as a turn-on fluorescence lead ion sensor.

entities_list: @entity33437 :: ('MESH:C017487', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity42546 :: ('MESH:C016833', 'Chemical') :: ['xylenol orange']

answer: @entity29312 :: (CHEBI:50834,Chemical) :: ['CdSe']


abstract: AIMS: Glycaemic variability (GV) is associated with mortality in acutely ill @entity1 , but the mechanism is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether common approaches to insulin therapy have distinct effects on GV and autonomic tone. METHODS: Hospitalized @entity1 with @entity6 were randomized to short-term intravenous (IV) or physiologic subcutaneous (SQ) insulin. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac impedance (pre-ejection period, @entity7216 ) were used to estimate parasympathetic and sympathetic tone, respectively. GV was measured using a continuous @entity413 monitor. RESULTS: Mean @entity413 tended to be lower initially in the SQ group (N   =   16) compared with the IV group (N   =   17) on day 1 (10.5 vs. 8.6   mmol/l, p   =   0.05), but became non-significant during the transition off of the infusion. There was no difference in glycaemic lability index (GLI), continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA) or coefficient of variation (CV) on day 1, but by day 2, these measures were higher in the IV group (p   <   0.05 for all). @entity7216 was higher in the SQ group during (110 vs. 123   ms, p   =   0.02) and after the intervention (104 vs. 126   ms, p   =   0.004). Hypoglycaemia was similar in both groups. There were only small differences in HRV. Post-treatment @entity7216 was inversely correlated with log GLI (r   =   -0.41, p   =   0.03) but not other measures. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term IV insulin is associated with an increase in multiple GV measures compared with optimal SQ insulin. However, GLI was the only predictor of @entity7216 . Further research is needed to determine if interventions that minimize GV improve outcomes in the hospital.

title: Effect of the approach to insulin therapy on glycaemic fluctuations and autonomic tone in hospitalized @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: With the development of high-performance computer programs, transcutaneous electrogastrography has experienced a renaissance in the last few years and is widely recommended as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to evaluate functional @entity1819 . We assessed the clinical value of electrogastrography in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 after a variety of procedures of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. METHODOLOGY: Electrogastrography tracings were recorded with a commercially available data logger using a recording frequency of 4 Hz. A standard meal was given between a 60 min preprandial and a 60 min postprandial period. The following parameters were analyzed pre- and postprandially utilizing Fourier and spectral analysis: Regular gastric activity (2-4 cycles/minute), bradygastria (0.5-2 cycles/minute), tachygastria (4-9 cycles/minute), dominant frequency and power of the dominant frequency. Nineteen asymptomatic healthy volunteers served as a control group. Forty-nine @entity1 , who had undergone upper intestinal surgery, were included in the study (cholecystectomy n = 10, Nissen fundoplication n = 10, subtotal gastrectomy n = 8, truncal vagotomy, and gastric pull-up as esophageal replacement n = 6). Twenty of these @entity1 complained of epigastric symptoms post-operatively, while 12 of these 20 @entity1 also had a scintigraphic gastric emptying study with Tc99m labeled semisolid meal. RESULTS: Preprandial gastric electric activity was between 2 and 4 cycles/minute in 60-90% of the study time in healthy volunteers. In all study groups the prevalence and power of normal electric activity increased significantly after the test meal (p < 0.001). After cholecystectomy, Nissen fundoplication, subtotal gastrectomy or vagotomy and gastric pull-up pre- and postprandial gastric electric activity showed a greater variability compared to normal volunteers (p < 0.05), but no typical electrogastrography pattern could be identified for the different surgical procedures. There was no significant difference in the electrogastrography pattern between asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1 and @entity1 with normal or abnormal scintigraphic gastric emptying curves. CONCLUSIONS: There is no specific electrogastrography pattern to differentiate between typical surgical procedures or epigastric symptoms. To date, electrogastrography does not contribute to the diagnosis and analysis of @entity1319 after upper intestinal surgery.

title: Transcutaneous electrogastrography: a non-invasive method to evaluate post-operative XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['gastric motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric disorders']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['gastric disorders']


abstract: @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) is frequently recovered from surveillance samples collected by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service personnel in live bird markets. Six @entity1800 isolates, five from @entity1573 and one from a pheasant, were characterized for comparison with reference @entity1800 isolates from poultry and other birds. All isolates tested were of low virulence for @entity1573 . Four of the six isolates were similar to reference lentogens B1 and La Sota, but two isolates, one from a @entity1573 and one from a pheasant, were different. The aberrant @entity1573 isolate had a monoclonal antibody-binding profile like an unusual Canadian pigeon isolate. Sequence analysis of the matrix gene of this isolate demonstrated that it differed from all isolates included in the comparison and therefore may represent a third phylogenetic @entity1800 group. The pheasant isolate had a monoclonal antibody-binding profile typical of other U.S. @entity1800 lentogens but had a matrix gene sequence and hemagglutinin thermostability similar to strains Ulster and Queensland V4 (QV4), viruses originally isolated in Northern Ireland and Australia, respectively. The pheasant virus is the first lentogen isolated in the United States known to be closely related phylogenetically to Ulster and QV4. The unusual @entity1573 and pheasant isolates were readily shed from the intestinal tract during @entity1573 passage, whereas the other isolates were shed from the respiratory tract with little or no intestinal shedding. The frequency in live bird markets of viruses similar to those previously thought to be exotic to the United States in unknown.

title: Biological and molecular characterization of XXXX isolates from surveillance of live bird markets in the northeastern United States.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['NDV', 'Newcastle disease virus']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vascular @entity4243 (vEDS) is a rare @entity74 related to mutations in the @entity1414 gene, responsible of vascular, digestive and uterine accidents. Difficulty of clinical diagnosis has led to the design of diagnostic criteria, summarised in the Villefranche classification. The goal was to assess oral features of vEDS. @entity1464 is the only oral sign recognised as a minor diagnostic criterion. The authors aimed to check this assumption since bibliographical search related to @entity1464 in vEDS proved scarce. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: Dental surgery department in a French tertiary hospital. @entity1 : 17 consecutive @entity1 with genetically proven vEDS, aged 19-55 years, were compared with 46 age- and sex-matched controls. OBSERVATIONS: Complete oral examination (clinical and radiological) with standardised assessment of periodontal structure, temporomandibular joint function and dental characteristics were performed. @entity1414 mutations were identified by direct sequencing of genomic or complementary DNA. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1464 was low among @entity1 with vEDS, as for @entity2521 . Conversely, @entity1 showed marked @entity2100 , @entity2956 , dentin formation defects, molar root fusion and increased root length. After logistic regression, three variables remained significantly associated to vEDS. These variables were integrated in a diagnostic oral score with 87.5% and 97% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1464 is an inappropriate diagnostic criterion for vEDS. Several new specific oral signs of the disease were identified, whose combination may be of greater value in diagnosing vEDS.

title: Oral phenotype and scoring of vascular XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'Gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['gingival fragility']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) is the only approved treatment for @entity2835 , but its effect on disease progression and survival is uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of @entity18253 in @entity2835 . METHODS: A systematic review, including the use of meta-analysis, was done for the randomised and switch-over phases of trials comparing @entity18253 with placebo, obtained from Medline and Embase databases, and from manual searches derived from review articles and abstracts of major international meetings. All trials had more than a mean of 6 months' follow-up and only included @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) according to established diagnostic criteria. FINDINGS: 17 relevant articles were identified: 11 randomised controlled trials, including 1272 @entity1 , and six reports of the switch-over phases. UCDA had a favourable effect on liver biochemistry in most of the studies but not on symptoms or the progression of histological stage; two studies did not assess survival, liver transplantation, or complications of @entity409 . Meta-analysis showed no difference between @entity18253 and placebo in the incidence of @entity204 (odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 0.71-2.04), liver related @entity204 (0.72, 0.22-2.32), liver transplantation (1.27, 0.78-2.07), @entity204 or liver transplantation (1.26, 0.87-1.82), and in the development of complications of @entity409 (1.11, 0.64-1.92). With the primary end point defined by the authors (a combined end point in three studies, and @entity204 or liver transplantation in the others) an odds ratio of 1.53 (0.97-2.42) was obtained. Assessment of the switch-over phases, during which there was a longer follow-up, did not change the results of the meta-analysis. INTERPRETATION: Published randomised controlled trials of @entity18253 do not show evidence of therapeutic benefit in @entity2835 and its use as standard therapy needs to be re-examined.

title: Randomised controlled trials of @entity10055 therapy for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: Recently there have been several reports documenting the presence of @entity172 receptors (ERs) in @entity1 @entity344 , raising the possibility that these @entity5 may be hormonally manipulated. To test this hypothesis, 68 frozen GI tissue specimens were examined for the presence of ERs within the cell nuclei by immunohistochemical staining. There were 51 @entity5 (25 gastric, 26 colon) and 17 normal tissue specimens (six gastric, 11 colon). Tissue sections 4 to 6 microns thick were incubated with monoclonal antibody H222SP psi, then stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for visualization of the ER. The staining was semiquantitatively graded from 0 to 3+ depending on both the intensity of staining and the percentage of cell nuclei stained. A @entity0 specimen known to be strongly positive for the ER was used as a positive control. The 30 male and 21 female @entity5 @entity1 had a median age of 59 years. All @entity5 were @entity420 . Eight per cent of the @entity356 were poorly differentiated, while 94 per cent of the @entity694 were moderately well to well differentiated. Using weak staining of at least 20 per cent of the cell nuclei as the minimum requirement for an ER positive @entity5 (1+, 0/51 @entity5 and 0/17) normal specimens were positive for ER. Only three out of 25 (12%) @entity356 , and two out of 26 (8%) @entity694 demonstrated any staining; each exhibited weak staining of only five to ten per cent of the @entity5 nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunohistochemical determination of the @entity172 receptor content of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: The early stages of acute @entity7140 ( @entity7140 ) have been difficult to investigate due to the animal models developed and utilized over the past years. A new model of animal AAC induced by @entity1320 is presented. Under general anesthesia 35 @entity840 underwent laparotomy. The designed model included ligation and prick of the caecum in 25 animals (group A), while 10 animals served as control group (group B). Seven days after these experimental procedures animals underwent relaparotomy and were submitted to cholecystectomy and sacrifice. Histological studies of the specimen revealed various degrees of @entity2679 in all the gallbladders of survived animals from group A. Gallbladders of animals from group B were histologically normal. Gallbladder bile of 15 survived animals from group A were cultured. Bile cultures were negative in 10, while culture of gallbladder bile were positive in 5; the pathogen cultured were @entity797 and Streptococcus Sp. The results of this study suggest that @entity1320 induces @entity2679 of various degrees. This directly supports the theoretical relationship indicating that @entity295 and shock could produce AAC. Moreover this model proved that AAC, in early stages, is primarily induced by inflammatory processes, while infection of the bile do represent a late event.

title: [The histopathological and microbiological aspects in a model of acute XXXX : an experimental study].

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus Faecalis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'gallbladder inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis']

answer: @entity7140 :: (MESH:D042101,Disease) :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) will offer new options in prenatal diagnosis for carriers of @entity74 . This will affect carrier couples and health professionals involved in prenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine health professional opinions on @entity3 for @entity74 to guide development of infrastructure required for implementation. A qualitative approach was adopted using focus groups (N = 17) and one-to-one interviews (N = 30) with health professionals from a range of backgrounds involved in caring for carriers of @entity74 . Data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. @entity1 were very positive about the introduction of @entity3 , describing benefits arising from no risk of miscarriage, earlier testing and a simple procedure. A number of concerns for implementation were raised. @entity1 emphasized the need for the new test to be highly accurate and thoroughly validated. There was concern that @entity1 may not give as much thought to having a blood test compared to an invasive test or that it may be viewed as routine and as such @entity3 may negatively impact on informed consent. In addition there was concern that the simplicity of a blood test may lead to increased pressure to test and terminate. However, @entity1 felt these concerns could be overcome with thorough pre- and post-test counseling. To ensure high quality care, offering @entity3 through genetics or other specialist services is essential. Ongoing education and training of health professionals will be important, and guidelines and regulation are needed for effective implementation.

title: Views and preferences for the implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for XXXX from health professionals in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['single gene disorders']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis', 'NIPD']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['single gene disorders']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an oral appliance (Sleep Splint) for @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 , and to examine problems with this therapy. Fixed in the oral cavity, the Sleep Splint intends to reduce the occurrence of @entity386 and prevent blockage of the upper airway during sleep. In this study, the therapy using Sleep Splint was done for 50 @entity1 (41 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ) who had been introduced by the physician diagnosing with @entity27 . Sleep monitoring around an oral appliance mounting was carried out, and the effect was evaluated. In addition, the ESS was used in respect of the evaluation of the @entity25 . However, four @entity1 stopped using the oral appliance due to serious discomfort in the maxillofacial region, and they were excluded from the study. Forty-six @entity1 were classified into three groups by the seriousness of @entity27 , or into two groups according to body fatness, and the difference of the effect between each group was compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1. As to the @entity27 index (AHI), @entity27 density, @entity26 desaturation, and ESS, there was statistically significant improvement regardless of the seriousness of @entity27 and body fatness. 2. About all @entity1 except for the @entity1 group of the mild cases (AHI < 10), the occurrence of snoring showed the statistically significant improvement. These results indicated that oral appliance therapy was an effective treatment for @entity27 .

title: [Effect of an oral appliance for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'Apnea hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed this study to test the hypothesis that @entity3810 produces clinically significant @entity29 during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparoscopic kidney donors were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received @entity3727 and @entity26 inhalation through anesthesia, and group 2 received a mixture of air and @entity26 . All @entity1 received the same preanesthetic and anesthetic medications. The surgeon was blinded to the use of @entity3727 . The surgeon was given the option to discontinue @entity3727 use (if it was used) if he/she thought that the @entity29 was increasing surgical risk. Postoperative data were collected on bowel symptoms, @entity158 and recovery. RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, 12 of whom received @entity3727 (group 1) and 16 who did not receive @entity3727 (group 2). Mild to moderate @entity29 was reported by the surgeons in 6 @entity1 (50%) in group 1 and 1 @entity1 only in group 2 (6%, p=0.007). @entity1744 was encountered in 4 @entity1 , 3 of whom received @entity3727 (25% of group 1). @entity390 and @entity391 on postoperative day 1 was reported by 50% of @entity1 in group 1 and 25% of group 2. There was no difference in the @entity158 scores between the 2 groups. No @entity260 were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity3727 anesthetic causes @entity29 in 50% of abdominal laparoscopic donor nephrectomy operations. The distention was severe enough to interfere with the progress of surgery in 25% of cases and the use of @entity3727 had to be discontinued.

title: Anesthesia for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: is XXXX contraindicated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel distention']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Severe bowel distention']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of artificial @entity515 @entity19418 on bacterial translocation in an experimental retroperitoneoscopy model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult male New Zealand White @entity95 weighing 2.5 to 3 kg were divided into two groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 6 @entity95 , while the remaining 12 served as the @entity19418 group (group 2). In group 1, the left retroperitoneal space was dissected with a 50-mL balloon without @entity515 insufflation, and the animals were kept under anesthesia for 3 hours with the balloons inflated. In group 2, after balloon dissection as in group 1, @entity515 insufflation was applied at 1 L/min to achieve a pressure of 10 to 12 mm Hg for 3 hours. Afterward, all animals were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the blood, retroperitoneal area, lungs, liver, mesentery, heart, kidneys, ureters, bladder, colon, small intestine, and spleen and carried to the microbiology laboratory in Carry-Blair medium. Bacterial growth was evaluated using standard techniques. RESULTS: All animals survived the experimental procedures. None of the @entity95 in the control group demonstrated any bacterial translocation in the sampled tissues. In the @entity19418 group, one @entity95 was found to have 10(2) colony-forming units of @entity526 in the kidney, but this was considered to be the result of contamination, not translocation. CONCLUSION: @entity544 @entity19418 does not seem to cause @entity2259 or bacterial translocation in this experimental model. Retroperitoneoscopy probably does not create any additional risk of septic complications.

title: Effect of XXXX @entity19418 on bacterial translocation in an experimental retroperitoneoscopy model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity19418 :: ('MESH:D012188', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoretroperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to perform an indirect comparison analysis of @entity14534 (2 doses), @entity3925 , and @entity5424 for their relative efficacy and safety against each other. BACKGROUND: Data for @entity1229 compared against the new oral anticoagulants (OACs) in large phase III clinical trials of @entity64 prevention in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) are now available for the oral direct @entity556 inhibitor, @entity14534 , in 2 doses (150 mg twice daily [ @entity5353 ], 110 mg @entity5353 ), and the oral @entity6236 inhibitors, @entity3925 and @entity5424 . A "head-to-head" direct comparison of drugs is the standard method for comparing different treatments, but in the absence of such head-to-head direct comparisons, another alternative to assess the relative effect of different treatment interventions would be to perform indirect comparisons, using a common comparator. Nonetheless, any inter-trial comparison is always fraught with major difficulties, and an indirect comparison analysis has many limitations, especially with the inter-trial population differences and thus, should not be overinterpreted. METHODS: Indirect comparison analysis was performed using data from the published trials. RESULTS: There was a significantly lower risk of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 (by 26%) for @entity3926 (150 mg @entity5353 ) compared with @entity3925 , as well as @entity64 and nondisabling @entity64 . There were no significant differences for @entity5424 versus @entity3926 (both doses) or @entity3925 ; or @entity3925 versus @entity3926 110 mg @entity5353 in preventing @entity64 and systemic @entity887 . For @entity385 , there were no significant differences between the new OACs. @entity548 was significantly lower with @entity5424 compared with @entity3926 150 mg @entity5353 (by 26%) and @entity3925 (by 34%), but not significantly different from @entity3926 110 mg @entity5353 . There were no significant differences between @entity5424 and @entity3926 110 mg @entity5353 in safety endpoints. @entity5424 also had lower major or clinically relevant @entity548 (by 34%) compared with @entity3925 . When compared with @entity3925 , @entity3926 110 mg @entity5353 was associated with less @entity548 (by 23%) and @entity510 (by 54%). There were no significant differences in @entity583 events between the @entity3926 (both doses) and @entity5424 . CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the limitations of an indirect comparison study, we found no profound significant differences in efficacy between @entity5424 and @entity14534 (both doses) or @entity3925 . @entity3926 150 mg @entity5353 was superior to @entity3925 for some efficacy endpoints, whereas @entity548 was significantly lower with @entity3926 110 mg @entity5353 or @entity5424 . Only a head-to-head direct comparison of the different new OACs would fully answer the question of efficacy/safety differences between the new drugs for @entity64 prevention in @entity955 .

title: Indirect comparisons of new oral anticoagulant drugs for efficacy and safety when used for XXXX prevention in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Major bleeding', 'bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban', 'Apixaban']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the effects of long-term daily @entity228 treatment on a variety of orthopedic outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1555 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 159 @entity1 with genetically confirmed dystrophinopathies followed at the Ohio State University Muscular Dystrophy Clinic between 2000 and 2003. Charts were reviewed for ambulation status, type and duration of @entity134 treatment (if any), and orthopedic complications including presence and location of long @entity174 , @entity3814 , and the presence and degree of @entity1635 . RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 143 @entity1 (16 @entity1 with @entity1555 were excluded); 75 had been treated with @entity230 for at least 1 year, whereas 68 @entity1 had never been treated or had received only a brief submaximal dose. The mean duration of daily @entity134 treatment was 8.04 years. Treated @entity1 ambulated independently 3.3 years longer than the untreated group (p < 0.0001) and had a lower prevalence of @entity1635 than the untreated group (31 vs 91%; p < 0.0001). The average scoliotic curve was also milder in the treated group (11.6 degrees) compared with the untreated group (33.2 degrees; p < 0.0001). @entity3814 occurred in 32% of the treated group, whereas no @entity174 were discovered in the @entity134 naive group (p = 0.0012). @entity174 were 2.6 times greater in @entity134 -treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with @entity1555 on long-term corticosteroid treatment have a significantly decreased risk of @entity1635 and an extension of more than 3 years' independent ambulation, they are at increased risk of @entity174 compared with untreated @entity1 .

title: Orthopedic outcomes of long-term daily corticosteroid treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'Long bone fractures', 'vertebral and lower limb fractures', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'Vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'Becker dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between lifestyle (dietary intake of macronutrients, smoking behavior, @entity167 consumption and daily physical activity) from 13-29 years of age ("long-term exposure") and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors (lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, body @entity1386 ) at the age of 29 years. METHODS: The study was part of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study, which began in 1977, and in which repeated measurements were carried out over a period of 17 years on 181 subjects (98 females and 83 males). RESULTS: "Long-term exposure" to smoking behavior was inversely related to high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL) levels (p = 0.02) and positively to the total @entity165 /HDL ratio (p = 0.05). Both smoking behavior and @entity167 consumption were inversely related to blood pressure (p < 0.01). "Long-term exposure" to daily physical activity was inversely related to body fatness (p < 0.01), but for females positively to the waist/hip ratio (p < 0.01). No relationship was found between the dietary intake of macronutrients and the @entity65 risk factors. When "long-term exposure" was limited to adolescence (13-16 years of age) only the relationship between daily physical activity and the waist/hip ratio for females remained significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: "Long-term" smoking behavior was related to a high risk profile regarding @entity1007 , but to a low risk profile regarding blood pressure. The latter was also found for "long-term" @entity167 consumption. "Long-term" daily physical activity was related to a low risk profile regarding body fatness; but for females, surprisingly, to a high risk profile regarding body fat distribution.

title: The relation between "long-term exposure" to lifestyle during youth and young adulthood and risk factors for XXXX at adult age.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness, and body composition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: We conducted a study to determine the usefulness of the Gram stain in the detection of intravascular @entity1212 . A total of 330 intravascular catheters were prospectively collected from adults and @entity1 suspected of having such an @entity281 . Semiquantitative solid-agar cultures of the distal catheter tip were correlated with blood cultures. Catheter-associated @entity2259 occurred in 34 per cent of cases in which catheter tips were colonized (greater than or equal to 15 colonies per agar plate). There were no cases of catheter-associated @entity2259 in @entity1 with uncolonized catheters. Immediately after culture, whole catheter segments were stained by the Gram technique. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and @entity375 were easily identifiable under oil immersion (X 1000), located predominantly on external catheter surfaces. Any catheter with at least one organism per 20 oil-immersion fields was designated as positive by Gram stain, but the majority of the 41 positive catheters had much larger numbers of organisms. The Gram stain of the catheter tip was 100 per cent sensitive and 96.9 per cent specific for the detection of catheter-tip colonization, with positive and negative predictive values of 83.9 and 100 per cent, respectively. We conclude that a Gram stain of the distal catheter tip is a simple, inexpensive, and accurate test for the rapid diagnosis of intravascular @entity1212 .

title: Rapid diagnosis of intravascular XXXX by direct Gram staining of catheter segments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-associated infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['catheter-associated infection']


abstract: The main aim of this study was to employ high-resolution MRI to investigate the spatiotemporal development of pathological features associated with contusive @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in @entity19 . Experimental @entity19 were subjected to either sham surgery or moderate contusive @entity1566 . A 16.4-T small-animal MR system was employed for nondestructive imaging of post-mortem, fixed spinal cord specimens at the subacute (7 days) and more chronic (28-35 days) stages post-injury. Routine histological techniques were used for subsequent investigation of the observed neuropathology at the microscopic level. The central core of the lesion appeared as a dark hypo-intense area on MR images at all time points investigated. Small focal hypo-intense spots were also observed spreading through the dorsal funiculi proximal and distal to the site of impact, an area that is known to undergo @entity5219 and @entity6441 in response to injury. Histological examination revealed these hypo-intense spots to be high in @entity68 content as determined by Prussian blue staining. Quantitative image analysis confirmed the increased presence of @entity68 deposits at all post-injury time points investigated (p<0.05). Distant @entity68 deposits were also detectable through live imaging without the use of contrast-enhancing agents, enabling the longitudinal investigation of this pathology in individual animals. Further immunohistochemical evaluation showed that intracellular @entity68 deposits localised to macrophages/microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the subacute phase of @entity1566 , but predominantly to glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive, CC-1-positive astrocytes at later stages of recovery. Progressive, widespread intracellular @entity68 accumulation is thus a normal feature of @entity1566 in @entity19 , and high-resolution MRI can be effectively used to detect and monitor these neuropathological changes with time.

title: Detection of endogenous @entity68 deposits in the injured XXXX spinal cord through high-resolution ex vivo and in vivo MRI.

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A library of recombinant @entity2041 transferases (GSTs) generated by shuffling of DNA encoding @entity1 @entity9164 and GST M2-2 was screened with eight alternative substrates, and the activities were subjected to multivariate analysis. Assays were made in lysates of bacteria in which the GST variants had been expressed. The primary data showed clustering of the activities in eight-dimensional substrate-activity space. For an incisive analysis, the rows of the data matrix, corresponding to the different enzyme variants, were individually scaled to unit length, thus accounting for different expression levels of the enzymes. The columns representing the activities with alternative substrates were subsequently individually normalized to unit variance and a zero mean. By this standardization, the data were adjusted to comparable orders of magnitude. Three molecular quasi-species were recognized by multivariate K-means and principal component analyses. Two of them encompassed the parental @entity9164 and GST M2-2. A third one diverged functionally by displaying enhanced activities with some substrates and suppressed activities with signature substrates for @entity9164 and GST M2-2. A fourth cluster contained mutants with impaired functions and was not regarded as a quasi-species. Sequence analysis of representatives of the mutant clusters demonstrated that the majority of the variants in the diverging novel quasi-species were structurally similar to the M1-like GSTs, but distinguished themselves from @entity9164 by a Ser to Thr substitution in the active site. The data show that multivariate analysis of functional profiles can identify small structural changes influencing the evolution of enzymes with novel substrate-activity profiles.

title: Multivariate-activity mining for molecular quasi-species in a XXXX transferase mutant library.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']