abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3810 is a commonly used anaesthetic agent. One complication of this is due to its capacity to inactivate @entity2186 . Therefore, in @entity1 with poor reserves of @entity2186 , neurological and hematological alterations may be induced after a short period of exposure to @entity3810 . CLINICAL CASE: A 69 year old @entity1 was anesthetized for three hours with 50% @entity3810 during a surgical operation. Two weeks later he complained of severe mixed, mainly sensory @entity305 and was unable to walk. On diagnostic studies, @entity2186 levels were found to be 18 pg/ml. The Shilling test confirmed that there was lack of intrinsic factor. In the preoperative studies a striking increase in motor conduction velocity was observed. Neurophysiological studies showed that there was mixed @entity305 , predominantly axonal. After starting treatment with @entity7613 there was marked improvement and the @entity1 became able to walk unaided. CONCLUSION: Since @entity3810 may cause serious neurological alterations in @entity1 with @entity51 , which may not always be accompanied by hematological changes, we consider the need for determination of plasma levels of @entity2186 and if possible, of @entity15744 and @entity1255 in elderly @entity1 who are to have general anesthetics involving @entity3810 .

title: [Severe @entity305 after using XXXX as an anesthetic. A preventable disease?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B12', 'cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical deficits of cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity7613 :: ('MESH:D006879', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxycobalamin']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: The aim of this article was to study the physiopathology of tumoral uptake of @entity13098 using @entity6025 ( @entity6025 ) and to assess the usefulness of this analysis in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 were included, 24 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 . After intravenous injection of 111 MBq 111In- @entity13098 , dynamic image acquisition (68 images of 30 s) began in front of the suspected tumoral site: thoracic in 10 @entity1 with @entity189 of the @entity1374 @entity1 with @entity4303 , and abdominal in 12 cases of midgut @entity4303 and 17 cases of other @entity5 . @entity6025 was performed with FAMIS software. Static images were obtained 4 h and 24 h later. For every @entity1 , surgery and/or clinical follow-up (4 y) was used to classify results as true (T) or false (F) positive (P) or negative (N) and to evaluate both the sensitivity of static images and the usefulness of @entity6025 . RESULTS: Of the 14 cases of @entity5 , 5 @entity1 were @entity7443 ; 9 @entity1 were TP with static images but only 8 were TP with @entity6025 (a @entity4303 of 6 mm was missed). Of the 17 cases of @entity5 , static images were TP in 9 @entity1 , and @entity6025 were TP in 5 of these @entity1 (and 4 FN). Static images and @entity6025 were FN in 4 @entity1 and @entity7443 in 3 @entity1 , and in the 2 last @entity1 static images were FP, but @entity6025 were @entity7443 . Of the 10 cases of @entity189 of the thyroid, static images and @entity6025 were @entity7443 in 1 @entity1 , static images were TP in 3 @entity1 and @entity6025 were TP in 2 of these @entity1 (and 1 FN). In the six last cases, static images were FN, but @entity6025 were FN in 3 @entity1 and TP in 3 @entity1 , showing an infiltrate. CONCLUSION: @entity6025 demonstrates that tumoral kinetics are similar to those of the spleen. @entity6025 can show a diffuse tumoral uptake corresponding to tumoral infiltrate in @entity189 of the @entity99 , whereas static images were normal or doubtful.

title: Factor analysis of dynamic series ( XXXX ) in somatostatin receptor imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoid', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity6025 :: ('OMIM:303800', 'Disease') :: ['FADS', 'factorial analysis of dynamic series']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid or in hepatic miliaria']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['111In-pentetreotide', 'pentetreotide']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid and 2']

answer: @entity6025 :: (OMIM:303800,Disease) :: ['FADS']


abstract: @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) is a multifunctional protein that serves as cross-linking enzyme and integrin-binding adhesion coreceptor for fibronectin on the cell surface. Previous work showed activation of small GTPase @entity3547 via enzymatic transamidation by cytoplasmic @entity8265 . Here, we report an alternative nonenzymatic mechanism of @entity3547 activation by cell surface @entity8265 . Direct engagement of surface @entity8265 with specific antibody or the fibronectin fragment containing modules I(6)II(1,2)I(7-9) increases @entity3547 -GTP levels. Integrin-dependent signaling to @entity3547 and its downstream target Rho-associated coiled-coil containing @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase (ROCK) is amplified by surface @entity8265 . @entity8265 expression on the cell surface elevates @entity3547 -GTP levels in nonadherent and adherent cells, delays maximal @entity3547 activation upon cell adhesion to fibronectin and accelerates a rise in @entity3547 activity after binding soluble integrin ligands. These data indicate that surface @entity8265 induces integrin clustering regardless of integrin-ligand interactions. This notion is supported by visualization of integrin clusters, increased susceptibility of integrins to chemical cross-linking, and biochemical detection of large integrin complexes in cells expressing @entity8265 . In turn, integrin aggregation by surface @entity8265 inhibits @entity7242 kinase activity and decreases activation of the @entity7242 substrate @entity35641 . Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of @entity7242 kinase reveals inactivation of @entity7242 signaling as the primary cause of elevated @entity3547 activity in cells expressing @entity8265 . Together, these findings show that surface @entity8265 amplifies integrin-mediated signaling to @entity3547 /ROCK via integrin clustering and down-regulation of the @entity7242 - @entity35641 regulatory pathway.

title: Cell surface transglutaminase promotes XXXX activation via integrin clustering and suppression of the @entity7242 - @entity35641 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity3547 :: (387,Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A large-scale Danish study on late outcomes after @entity453 ( @entity453 ) has never been done. We therefore did a retrospective study and follow-up of 2,333 @entity1 , accounting for 2,361 consecutive @entity453 operations over a five-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of 23.5% @entity1 and 76.5% @entity1 . The @entity1 ' median age was 63 years (32-85 years). The rate of response to the questionnaire was 95.3%. The median observation time was 26 months (3-63 months). In 94% of the @entity1 , primary @entity453 had been undertaken, and 6% were reoperations. Ninty-three percent were elective operations, and 7% were acute. The risk score estimated 20% of the @entity1 to be in high-risk groups, 22% in the 5% group and 53% in the low-risk group. There was three-vessel disease in 68% and left main @entity850 in 24%. The EF was normal in 73% of the @entity1 , while 4% had EF <30%. RESULTS: The total early mortality rate was 3%, the primary elective @entity453 rate was 2.6%, and we found a statistically significant higher mortality for elective reoperations (5.9%) and for acute @entity453 (7%). Comparison with the Danish background population indicates a better survival rate for the @entity453 @entity1 . One-third developed @entity956 or @entity955 . Reoperation for @entity548 was done in 6.9% and for @entity1764 1.9%. About 10% were readmitted because of various complications. In the observation period, 99 @entity1 (7,2%) died. @entity1 with EF <30% and those undergoing reoperations had a statistically significant higher late mortality rate. About 20% suffered from recurrent angina in the observation period, one-fourth had wound healing of the graft leg and 96% did not regret the operation. DISCUSSION: Apart from the rather high reoperation rate because of @entity548 and the prolonged healing time of the graft leg, these results as well as the prognostic value of @entity453 in selected @entity1 groups justifies the coronary artery bypass graft operation as a good treatment for @entity951 .

title: [Five years (1995-2000) of XXXX at the Odense University Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery bypass surgery', 'CABS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery bypass surgery']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity978 , nodular sclerosing subtype, who had multiple failures after chemotherapy and radiation therapy were treated for palliation with low-dose radiation therapy and @entity221 to seven superficially located sites of recurrence. Six of the seven areas were in previously irradiated fields and one was at the margin of the prior radiation therapy field. Local control was obtained for all lesions and was maintained for the duration of the @entity1 survival (5 to 27 months). Four of the five @entity1 expired with no relapse in the area of treatment. One @entity1 remains alive and free of recurrence in his treatment fields. Temperatures were monitored using thermistors, fluoroptic systems or thermocouples manually mapped through closed-end catheters inserted into the @entity5 and thermal parameters and temperature distributions were calculated. Excellent heating was obtained with 46.4% of monitored intratumoral temperatures greater than or equal to 43 degrees C. The average of the monitored intratumoral temperatures for all treatments (Tave) was 43.2 degrees C; the average of the monitored intratumoral minimal temperatures for all treatments (T min) was 40.1 degrees C, and the average of all monitored intratumoral maximum temperatures (T max) was 46.7 degrees C. In comparison with temperatures obtained in 277 superficially located tumors of other histologies, Tmax was significantly higher in @entity978 lesions (p = 0.007). The difference in Tave approached significance (p = 0.058). These initial results support the role of radiation therapy and @entity221 for palliation of isolated superficial recurrences in @entity1 with @entity978 who have failed conventional therapies. In addition, this approach may aid in cytoreduction prior to bone marrow transplant in @entity1 with superficially located bulky recurrent disease. @entity221 may also be considered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for palliative treatment of recurrences.

title: Local XXXX and radiation therapy in the retreatment of superficially located recurrences in @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 74 yr old @entity1 from Gonabad, southern part of Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran was admitted to a Hospital of Gonabad, because of @entity649 , exertional @entity1353 and @entity221 . Close contact with domestic animals, history of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), and completely resolved @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) in remote past, were notable parts of her past medical history. Due to clinical, paraclinical and radiographic findings and because of recent hospitalization, she was admitted to internal medicine ward with the diagnosis of @entity55 ( @entity55 ). Despite the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics and appropriate supportive care, she had a poor response to the treatment. During the daily visit in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), numerous white larvae were detected in both nostrils. Further investigation of oropharynx and tracheal tube aspiration, showed no more larvae in mentioned parts. An hour later, nasal spontaneous @entity548 occurred. Otorhinolaryngology consultation was performed and led to surgical procedure. In ENT examination, there were numerous larvae and massive clot formation in both inferior meatuses and distal nasal septum perforation. Thirty-seven extracted larvae were transferred to Medical Entomology lab by vial 70% @entity1068 and 5 live larvae for rearing. After precise investigation by aid of light microscopy, the larvae were identified as @entity62693 . Due to discovered 2(nd) larvae stage and duration of hospitalization, this @entity277 was identified as nasal @entity4057 .

title: Nasal Nosocomial Myiasis Infection Caused by XXXX (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Following the Septicemia: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity62693 :: ('69364', 'Species') :: ['Chrysomya bezziana']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['HCAP', 'health care associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity62693 :: (69364,Species) :: ['Chrysomya bezziana']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) as the standard operation technique for @entity5 , @entity834 percentages of up to 18% have been reported. To prevent such leakage, the use of mechanical bowel preparation and also the construction of a diverting ileostoma or colostomy have been standard procedures for years. In our institute, however, all @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery are operated upon without these measures. The present study was undertaken to investigate the results of this strategy in terms of the occurrence of postoperative @entity834 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent an elective (low) anterior resection between January 1996 and December 2001 (n = 144) entered the study. The clinical and pathological records of these @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. The exclusion criteria were @entity1 with fixed @entity189 who received preoperative radiotherapy and/or a stoma only at operation, emergency operations, abdominoperoneal resections, and Hartmann's procedures. RESULTS: @entity834 occurred in 7 out of 144 @entity1 (4.9%). There was a trend toward a higher leakage frequency in @entity1 , in @entity1 with a distal @entity254 , in @entity1 with a stapled @entity254 , and in @entity1 with a @entity5 or with positive lymph nodes. None of these factors, however, had a significant prognostic value based on a univariate or multivariate analysis. Those who died after leakage tended to be older than those who did not (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A (low) anterior resection can be performed safely without mechanical bowel preparation or a diverting stoma, and results in an @entity834 percentage of less than 5%. Appropriate selection of @entity1 may be important, but none of the investigated @entity1 - or @entity5 -related factors could be identified as decisive.

title: Anterior resection of XXXX without bowel preparation and diverting stoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'T3-T4 tumor']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The descending pathway between the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ) and the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is an important substrate for autonomic functions associated with emotion. Activity in this circuit is crucially modulated by @entity2661 and agonists of the @entity11026 ( @entity11026 ), which relieve @entity65 associated with experience of aversive stimuli. The subcellular distribution of @entity11026 within the @entity13396 , however, has not been characterized. It is also not known if any @entity11026 -expressing neurons in the @entity13396 project to the dorsal vagal complex. In order to address these questions, we examined the immunocytochemical labeling of @entity11026 in the @entity13396 of @entity35 receiving microinjection of the retrograde tracer fluorogold (FG) into the dorsal vagal complex at the level of the area postrema, an area involved in @entity344 . Of all @entity11026 -labeled profiles in the @entity13396 , the majority were either dendrites (42%) or somata (24%). @entity11026 labeling was often present on the plasmalemma in dendrites and was mainly found in endosome-like organelles in somata. Of all @entity11026 immunoreactive somata, 62% also contained immunolabeling for FG and 23% of all dendrites also showed labeling for the retrograde tracer. The intracellular distribution of @entity11026 did not differ in somata or dendrites with or without detectable FG. The remaining singly labeled @entity11026 profiles consisted of axons (11%), axon terminals (12%), and glial processes (13%). In numerous instances, @entity11026 -labeled glia or axon terminals were apposed to DVC projecting neurons. Together, this evidence suggests that the principal site for @entity11026 activation is at extrasynaptic sites on dendrites of @entity13396 neurons, many of which project to the DVC and also show @entity6071 . In addition, these results indicate that activation of @entity11026 in the @entity13396 may influence the activity of DVC projecting neurons through indirect mechanisms, including changes in presynaptic transmitter release or glial function. These results suggest that @entity11026 agonists in the @entity13396 may modulate numerous processes including stress-evoked autonomic reactions and feeding behavior.

title: Alpha-2A-adrenergic receptors are present on neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala that project to the dorsal vagal complex in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['endosomal receptor labeling']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal functions']

entities_list: @entity11026 :: ('25083(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(2A)-AR', 'alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity432 result in @entity299 , @entity64 and limb loss, disability, and mortality. Currently available therapeutics for @entity1 with these conditions are inadequate or fail in a significant number of @entity1 . The development of novel therapies for severe @entity453 ( @entity453 ), @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), and @entity455 ( @entity455 ) is a major goal for modern medicine. Molecular and cell-based therapies for @entity432 have the potential to become clinically useful in the near future. Molecular therapy employs angiogenic proteins and genes in order to initiate the development of new blood vessels that by-pass an @entity432 . The induction of a collateral artery system is termed therapeutic angiogenesis or @entity2295 . Proteins have been delivered either directly into the ischemic area or via a vector encoding an angiogenic gene. Both protein and gene therapies have been associated with promising preclinical and early phase @entity1 trial results in @entity1 with @entity3657 as well as @entity453 . However, to date, efficacy has not been demonstrated in placebo-controlled, large trails. Today's cell-based therapy is focused on stem cells (SCs) for the treatment of @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or for @entity1 with severe @entity1002 . Stem cells have shown to increase cardiac performance in uncontrolled, early phase @entity1 studies. This improvement is believed to have its origin in myogenesis and @entity2295 . In the following review, we will cover current state of molecular- and cellular-based treatments for @entity3657 and @entity453 that have reached the clinical arena.

title: Cellular and molecular therapeutic modalities for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial obstructive syndromes', 'arterial obstructive syndromes', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial obstructive syndromes']


abstract: Microsporidia are protists that have been reported to cause @entity281 in both vertebrates and invertebrates. They have emerged as @entity1 pathogens particularly in @entity1 that are immunosuppressed and cases of @entity344 , @entity198 , @entity1036 , @entity1244 , @entity5442 and disseminated @entity281 are well described in the literature. While @entity13641 are active against many species of microsporidia, these drugs do not have significant activity against @entity16254 . @entity19525 and its analogues have been demonstrated to have activity invitro and in animal models of @entity24516 and @entity1 @entity281 due to @entity16254 . @entity19525 and its analogues inhibit @entity1853 aminopeptidase type 2. @entity30555 @entity36231 (EcMetAP2) was cloned and expressed as an active enzyme using a baculovirus system. The crystal structure of EcMetAP2 was determined with and without the bound inhibitors @entity19525 and @entity10822 . This structure classifies EcMetAP2 as a member of the MetAP2c family. The EcMetAP2 structure was used to generate a homology model of the @entity16254 @entity36231 . Comparison of microsporidian @entity36231 structures with @entity1 @entity36231 provides insights into the design of inhibitors that might exhibit specificity for microsporidian @entity36231 .

title: Structure of a microsporidian @entity1853 aminopeptidase type 2 complexed with XXXX and @entity10822 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity16254 :: ('31281', 'Species') :: ['E. bieneusi', 'Enterocytozoon bieneusi']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity19525 :: ('MESH:C026211', 'Chemical') :: ['fumagillin', 'Fumagillin']

entities_list: @entity30555 :: ('6035', 'Species') :: ['Encephalitozoon cuniculi']

answer: @entity19525 :: (MESH:C026211,Chemical) :: ['fumagillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is an established treatment option for symptomatic @entity1 . It is not known whether complete pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is superior to incomplete PVI with regard to the @entity1 ' clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with drug-refractory, symptomatic paroxysmal @entity955 were randomly assigned to either incomplete (group A) or complete PVI (group B). In group A, a persistent gap was intentionally left within the circumferential ablation line, whereas in group B, complete PVI without any gaps was intended. At 3 months, all @entity1 underwent invasive reevaluation to assess the rate of persistent PVI. Clinical follow-up was based on daily 30-s transtelephonic ECG transmissions. Primary study end point was the time to first recurrence of (symptomatic or asymptomatic) @entity955 . A total of 233 @entity1 were enrolled (116 in group A and 117 in group B). @entity955 recurrence within 3 months was observed in a total of 161 @entity1 (136 [84.5%] with symptomatic and 25 [15.5%] with asymptomatic @entity955 ); @entity955 recurred in 62.2% of group B @entity1 and 79.2% of group A @entity1 (P<0.001), for a difference in favor of complete PVI of 17.1% (95% confidence interval, 5.3%-28.9%). Invasive restudy in 103 group A @entity1 and 93 group B @entity1 revealed conduction gaps in 92 (89.3%) and 65 (69.9%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study proves the superiority of complete PVI over incomplete PVI with respect to @entity955 recurrence within 3 months. However, the rate of electric reconduction 3 months after PVI is high in @entity1 with initially isolated PVs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00293943.

title: Impact of Complete Versus Incomplete Circumferential Lines Around the Pulmonary Veins During Catheter Ablation of Paroxysmal @entity955 : Results From the Gap- @entity955 -German XXXX Competence Network 1 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: Proteins undergo extensive hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and have short circulating half-lives in the blood. For optimal clinical efficacy, therefore, they must be given by daily injections. Attaching a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) moiety (pegylation) improves the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of proteins. Pegfilgrastim (pegylated filgrastim) has a longer half-life than unmodified filgrastim and, when administered as a single dose, has been shown to be at least as efficacious as daily filgrastim. Because of its reduced renal clearance, the elimination of pegfilgrastim is predominantly neutrophil-mediated, so its clearance is self-regulated. In addition, pegfilgrastim can be administered at a fixed dose instead of in weight-based doses. For these reasons, pegfilgrastim can potentially increase @entity1 adherence and acceptance of treatment, thus having a beneficial effect on their quality of life. Furthermore, treatment is likely to cost less because of the reduced need for medical interventions. Similarly, pegylated liposomal @entity632 has a longer half-life than unmodified @entity632 and has been shown, because of its reduced reticuloendothelial system clearance, to produce higher concentrations of @entity632 in @entity5 and to have greater clinical efficacy than @entity632 in the treatment of some solid @entity5 . Pegylated liposomal @entity632 is also associated with less myelosuppression and @entity1398 .

title: Novel effects with XXXX modified pharmaceuticals.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity2521 the host response to bacterial challenge includes activity of the multifunctional molecules adrenomedullin (AM) and @entity842 (NO). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria in regulating the production of these molecules from cultured cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regulation of AM and NO production from oral keratinocytes when challenged with culture supernatants from @entity3841 , Campylobacter rectus, @entity8209 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 , Veillonella atypica, @entity20842 and @entity5132 was examined. AM and NO were measured in cell culture supernatants using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the @entity1507 / @entity3542 (NO metabolites) Griess assay respectively. Cellular production of AM and inducible NO synthase was also analysed in target cells by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. The inter-relationship of AM and NO production were further investigated with macrophages. RESULTS: A.  actinomycetemcomitans and C.  rectus induced maximal levels of both AM and NO after 6 and 48  h respectively from oral keratinocytes. AM production in macrophages was upregulated in response to the NO donor @entity12557 and partially blocked by the inducible NO synthase inhibitor, N(  ) -Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Likewise, NO production was increased upon exposure to AM, while the AM receptor antagonist AM 22-52 reduced the release of NO. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogens associated with @entity146 , A.  actinomycetemcomitans and C.  rectus, were more effective than those associated with @entity7278 , @entity2523 and Prev.  intermedia, and commensals, @entity20842 and V.  atypica, as regards the upregulation of AM and NO production from oral keratinocytes. Interaction between these molecules was also demonstrated with macrophages. Understanding the coordinated regulation of AM and NO production in response to periodontal bacteria may identify ways to promote their protective effects and minimize destructive potential.

title: Regulation of adrenomedullin and XXXX production by periodontal bacteria.

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity20842 :: ('1304', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus salivarius', 'S.  salivarius']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P.  gingivalis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Six 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed, validated, and used to quantify predominant groups of anaerobic bacteria in @entity1 fecal samples. A set of two probes was specific for species of the @entity2868 group and the species @entity3396 . Two others were designed to detect species of the Clostridium histolyticum and the Clostridium lituseburense groups. Another probe was designed for the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus, and the final probe was designed for the species of the Clostridium coccoides- @entity22781 group. The temperature of dissociation of each of the probes was determined. The specificities of the probes for a collection of target and reference organisms were tested by dot blot hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The new probes were used in initial FISH experiments to enumerate @entity1 fecal bacteria. The combination of the two @entity2868 -specific probes detected a mean of 5.4 x 10(10) cells per g (dry weight) of feces; the Clostridium coccoides- @entity22781 group-specific probe detected a mean of 7.2 x 10(10) cells per g (dry weight) of feces. The Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium lituseburense, and Streptococcus-Lactococcus group-specific probes detected only numbers of cells ranging from 1 x 10(7) to 7 x 10(8) per g (dry weight) of feces. Three of the newly designed probes and three additional probes were used in further FISH experiments to study the fecal flora composition of nine volunteers over a period of 8 months. The combination of probes was able to detect at least two-thirds of the fecal flora. The normal biological variations within the fecal populations of the volunteers were determined and indicated that these variations should be considered when evaluating the effects of agents modulating the flora.

title: Variations of bacterial populations in XXXX feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes.

entities_list: @entity3396 :: ('823', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides distasonis']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity22781 :: ('39491', 'Species') :: ['Eubacterium rectale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy and @entity137 of the dose-dense weekly @entity1311 (T) and @entity3003 (C) in the management of @entity902 -resistant/sensitive recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ) previously treated with 3 weekly @entity1311 / @entity3003 . METHODS: Thirty two @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 who had received 3 weekly TC before were enrolled. Nine @entity1 relapsed within 6 months ( @entity902 -resistant), 13 @entity1 relapsed after 12 months ( @entity902 -sensitive) and in 10 @entity1 recurrence occurred between 6 and 12 months (intermediate @entity902 -sensitive). Weekly (T) at a dose of 80 mg/m(2), followed by weekly (C) AUC 2 on day 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle for 6 planned cycles were administrated. End-points were overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity137 . RESULTS: The ORR was 62.5%. For the @entity902 -resistant, intermediate @entity902 -sensitive and @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 the ORR was 44.4% (4/9), 60% (6/10) and 76.9% (10/13), respectively, and 1 (11.1%), 2 (20%) and 5 (38.46%) @entity1 , respectively had CR. PFS was 9.1 months (6.13, 9.1 and 12.17 months, for the 3 groups, respectively) (P<0.001). @entity1349 was 14 months (9.17, 15.2, and 19.23 months, for the 3 groups, respectively) (P<0.001). Treatment-related adverse events were manageable with only 1 @entity1 (3.1%) suffering from grade 4 @entity1398 . Grade 3 hematological and non-hematological @entity137 were @entity1398 in 8 (25%), and @entity1897 in 4 (12.5%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Weekly TC is active and well-tolerated in @entity902 -resistant and @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 previously treated with TC given every 3 weeks.

title: Weekly dose-dense @entity1311 and @entity3003 in recurrent XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To examine surgical specimens of pancreas with either @entity1689 or @entity788 in order to study whether @entity1373 and @entity1141 in pancreas represent precursor lesions for @entity788 . METHODS: We examined expression of Ki-67, @entity787 , @entity876 , and @entity984 , in the surgical specimens of pancreas with @entity420 (n=11) and @entity1689 (n=12). Cellular proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 proliferation index using the proliferation marker Ki-67. In specimens with @entity788 , we divided pancreas epithelium into normal (n=7), @entity1373 (n=3), @entity1141 (n=4), and @entity5 (n=11) after @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, Ki-67, and @entity787 immunohistochemical staining. In cases with @entity1689 , the specimen was pathologically examined as in cases with @entity788 , and they were also determined as normal (n=10), @entity1373 (n=4), or @entity1141 (n=5). @entity876 and @entity984 expression were also studied by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In @entity788 , the Ki-67 index was 3.73+/-3.58 in normal site, 6.62+/-4.39 in @entity1373 , 13.47+/-4.02 in @entity1141 and 37.03+/-10.05 in @entity5 tissue, respectively. Overall, @entity876 was positive in normal ducts, @entity1373 , @entity1141 , and @entity189 cells in 0 of 14 (0%), 0 of 7 (0%), 7 of 9 (78%), and 10 of 11 (91%), respectively, and @entity984 was positive in 0 of 8 (0%), 1 of 3 (33%), 4 of 6 (67%), 4 of 5 (80%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results favorably support the hypothesis that @entity1373 and @entity1141 of the pancreas might be precursor lesions for @entity788 . Further evaluation of oncogenes by the molecular study is needed.

title: Expression of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity984 in XXXX and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancerous lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EXtracorporeal TReatments In Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup presents its systematic review and clinical recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatment (ECTR) in @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) @entity4968 . METHODS: The lead authors reviewed all of the articles from a systematic literature search, extracted the data, summarized the key findings, and proposed structured voting statements following a predetermined format. A two-round modified Delphi method was chosen to reach a consensus on voting statements and the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to quantify disagreement. Anonymous votes were compiled, returned, and discussed in @entity1 . A second vote was conducted to determine the final workgroup recommendations. RESULTS: The latest literature search conducted in November 2014 retrieved a total of 79 articles for final qualitative analysis, including one observational study, one uncontrolled cohort study with aggregate analysis, 70 case reports and case series, and 7 pharmacokinetic studies, yielding a very low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Clinical data were reported for 82 @entity1445 @entity1 while pharmaco/toxicokinetic grading was performed in 55 @entity1 . The workgroup concluded that @entity3262 is moderately dialyzable (level of evidence = B) and made the following recommendations: ECTR is recommended in severe @entity3262 @entity4968 (1D); recommendations for ECTR include a @entity3262 concentration > 1300 mg/L (9000  mol/L)(1D), the presence of @entity2657 (1D) or shock (1D); suggestions for ECTR include a @entity3262 concentration > 900 mg/L (6250  mol/L)(2D), @entity772 or @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation (2D), acute @entity3263 (2D), or pH  <= 7.10 (2D). Cessation of ECTR is indicated when clinical improvement is apparent (1D) or the serum @entity3262 concentration is between 50 and 100 mg/L (350-700  mol/L)(2D). Intermittent hemodialysis is the preferred ECTR in @entity3262 @entity4968 (1D). If hemodialysis is not available, then intermittent hemoperfusion (1D) or continuous renal replacement therapy (2D) is an acceptable alternative. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3262 is moderately dialyzable in the setting of @entity1445 . ECTR is indicated for @entity3262 @entity4968 if at least one of the above criteria is present. Intermittent hemodialysis is the preferred ECTR modality in @entity3262 @entity4968 .

title: Extracorporeal treatment for XXXX @entity4968 : Systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: Fms, the @entity9827 ( @entity9827 ) receptor, is normally expressed in myeloid cells and initiates signals for both growth and development along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We have examined Fms signal transduction pathways in the @entity19 myeloid progenitor cell line @entity19 . @entity9827 stimulation of @entity19 cells expressing exogenous Fms resulted in @entity669 phosphorylation of a variety of cellular proteins in addition to Fms. @entity9827 stimulation also resulted in Fms association with two of these @entity669 -phosphorylated proteins, one of which was identified as the 55-kDa @entity54310 , which is shown in other systems to be involved in growth stimulation, and the other was a previously uncharacterized 150-kDa protein ( @entity23241 ). Fms also formed complexes with @entity25544 and @entity25546 , and neither contained @entity10393 . Whereas both @entity25544 and @entity25546 complexed with Fms only after @entity9827 stimulation, the amount of @entity25546 complexed with @entity25544 was not @entity9827 dependent. @entity54310 coimmunoprecipitated @entity25546 , @entity25544 , and @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity23241 , while @entity25544 immunoprecipitates contained mainly phosphorylated @entity23241 , Fms, @entity54310 , and @entity25546 . @entity54310 interacted with @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity23241 via its SH2 domain, and the @entity25544 SH2 domain likewise bound @entity669 -phosphorylated Fms and @entity23241 . Analysis of Fms mutated at each of four @entity669 autophosphorylation sites indicated that none of these sites dramatically affected @entity23241 phosphorylation or its association with @entity54310 and @entity25544 . @entity9827 stimulation of fibroblast cell lines expressing exogenous @entity19 Fms did not phosphorylate @entity23241 , and this protein was not detected either in cell lysates or in @entity25544 or @entity54310 immunoprecipitates. The @entity23241 protein is not related to known signal transduction molecules and may be myeloid cell specific. These results suggest that @entity9827 stimulation of myeloid cells could activate Ras through the @entity377 exchange factor @entity25546 by @entity25544 binding to either Fms, @entity54310 , or @entity23241 and that Fms signal transduction in myeloid cells differs from that in fibroblasts.

title: @entity54310 , XXXX , @entity25546 , and a 150-kilodalton @entity669 -phosphorylated protein form complexes with Fms in hematopoietic cells.

entities_list: @entity9827 :: ('12977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity25544 :: (14784(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Grb2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity796 is a rare cause of @entity693 and @entity5034 but is generally associated with significant morbidity and mortality. AIM: We sought to determine the epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of @entity693 and @entity5034 due to @entity796 at our institution in order to inform preventive strategies and treatment guidelines. METHODS: Retrospective study of all @entity1 with a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture admitted to a tertiary care hospital over 18 years. Clinical details, demographic, microbiological and antibiotic data were obtained from laboratory and medical records. RESULTS: Twenty-four episodes occurred in 21 @entity1 over 18 years. Pyrexia (75%), fluctuating mental status (50%) and @entity10 (41%) were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Nineteen of the 21 @entity1 had previously undergone a neurosurgical procedure and seven had extra-ventricular devices in situ. Twelve (57%) @entity1 had @entity796 isolated from another site prior to their episode. Most (89%) CSF samples demonstrated a neutrophilia; the CSF protein, when measured, was raised in all cases. Gram-negative bacilli were visible on CSF microscopy in only three isolates. There were relatively low rates of resistance to most antimicrobials tested and combination treatment of intravenous with intrathecal antibiotics was often used. No @entity1 died within 28 days. CONCLUSION: @entity796 @entity693 and @entity5034 are predominantly nosocomial and related to prior neurosurgery. It can be difficult to diagnose as CSF Gram-film and meningism are insensitive markers. Appropriate empirical treatment, neurosurgical prophylaxis and surveillance can aid in managing this infection.

title: @entity796 @entity693 / XXXX in a UK tertiary referral hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5034 :: (MESH:D058565,Disease) :: ['ventriculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of osteoblast-specific factor 2 (periostin, @entity6841 ), @entity34313 ( @entity34313 ), @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) and @entity6667 receptor-2 [ @entity12186 ( @entity12186 )] in wound surface and its peripheral skin, and their effects on wound healing in @entity35 . METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly divided into six groups, with 8 @entity35 in each group. An area of 2 cm 2 cm full-thickness skin was excised on both sides of the back of @entity35 . Specimens from wounds were obtained on 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 days after operation, and histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of @entity6841 , @entity34313 , @entity6667 and @entity12186 were made to determine their expression levels. Normal skin specimens were obtained as normal controls. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity6841 , @entity34313 , @entity6667 and @entity12186 were significantly increased in wound surface after operation. Compared with the skin of normal controls, the expression of @entity6841 in the tissues of wound increased by 234.4% on the 1st day, and then increased continuously up to 597.9% on the 7th day (reaching the peak) after operation, followed by a decrease, the increase rate was 280.9% on the 21st day, and still remained at a high level (all P < 0.05). The expression of @entity34313 in the tissue of wound increased by 128.1% on the 1st day and 327.5% on the 4th day (reaching the peak), and then, it was gradually decreased. The increase rate was only 80.5% on the 14th day and it rose slightly later (all P < 0.05). The expression of @entity6667 in the tissues of wound reached the peak (165.8%) on the 7th day. Then it decreased with a slight fluctuation (all P < 0.05). The expression of @entity12186 in the tissues of wound was increased by 56.1% on the 1st day, and the level remained. It reached the peak by an increase of 70.1% on the 7th day (both P < 0.05). Then, it was lowered after the 10th day (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity6841 , @entity34313 , @entity6667 , @entity12186 were obviously increased during healing of skin wound, with different peaking time and expressing rates. The increase in expression of @entity6841 showed the longest duration and highest peak value. The @entity6841 , @entity34313 , @entity6667 , @entity12186 all play a role in the wound healing process, and @entity6841 might play an important role during the healing process of a full-thickness cutaneous wound.

title: [The expressions of periostin and the related factors during healing process of full-thickness cutaneous wound in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect and security of lymphoplasmapheresis (LPE) for @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ). METHODS: Sixty-six @entity5011 @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: the therapy group (33 @entity1 ) were treated with LPE in addition to the medical treatment; the control group (33 @entity1 ) only accepted the medical treatment. The therapeutic effect was evaluated with the initial recovery time of myodynamia and the myodynamia score difference, and the side effect of the therapy group was observed. RESULTS: The therapy group were treated with LPE for 48 times,1.5 times per @entity1 . The average initial recovery time was quicker in the therapy group compared with that in the control group [(6.45+/-3.01) vs (8.36+/-3.83) days]. The difference of limb myodynamia score between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the therapy group was more than that in the control group. The improved number in the therapy group was more than that in the control group, but the ineffective number in the therapy group was not as many as that in the control group. The total effective rate in the therapy group was higher than that in the control group (51.5% vs 27.7%); the average hospital day in the therapy group was shorter than that in the control group [(19.42+/-7.25) vs (24.00+/-8.64) days]; and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The average myodynamia score after the first LPE increased, but the difference had no statistical significance (P>0.05). After the second and the third LPE, the average myodynamia score continued to rise, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence rate of side effects in the therapy group was 12.5%. @entity110 and @entity551 were the major side effects, but they were light and could be relieved by symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of LPE is definite, and the side effect is scarce. LPE is safe and effective, and it is worth of generalization and applying in clinical practice.

title: [Lymphoplasmapheresis for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barre syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Music may have multiple influences on the @entity1 organism. A possible therapeutic effect for @entity1 with @entity726 has been postulated, aside from the known impact of music on the cardiovascular system, psychogenic effects and a short-term improvement in mental performance (Mozart effect). The higher level of mental stress in @entity1 with @entity726 and type-A personality behaviour may be related to higher intraocular pressure in @entity1 with @entity726 . Relaxing music may have a positive impact in these @entity1 , related to a reduction in intraocular pressure or its fluctuations. However, only limited data exist on the effects of music on intraocular pressure. No clinical studies have yet been performed to investigate the effect of music or music therapy on @entity726 progression. The music of Mozart may influence @entity227 , possibly due to a positive short term effect on mental performance. This factor needs to be addressed in studies dealing with the effect of music in @entity726 . The relevance of intraocular pressure increases in professional wind instrument players is controversial. An increased level of care might be advisable in @entity1 with advanced @entity726 . The influences of music on @entity1 , altered personality profiles in @entity1 with @entity726 and the studies showing some effect of stress on intraocular pressure stress the relevance of psychological support for @entity726 @entity1 , who are confronted with a disease with a high longterm risk of @entity1939 .

title: [Music and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field examinations']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A reliable tool to measure arterial flow to the feet in @entity1 with @entity6 is required given that they are particularly prone to peripheral @entity455 . Traditionally, the ankle brachial index (ABI) has been used to measure arterial circulation, but its application is limited due to @entity730 of larger arteries. More recently, toe pressure and the @entity11438 ( @entity11438 ) has been suggested as superior to ABI measurements because they assess smaller digital arteries less prone to arterial @entity730 . However, reliability studies for the clinical use of photoplethysmography ( @entity18654 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 are lacking. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity6 (35 males and 25 females, mean age 59.6   yrs) consented to take part in the study. The majority (92%) had @entity164 2 @entity6 and 8% had @entity164 1 @entity6 . Forty-three percent were diagnosed as having @entity1897 when tested using a biothesiometer and 15% were current smokers (10 - 40/day). A podiatrist and a @entity6 educator measured toe and brachial blood pressure independently and in a random order using @entity18654 . These measurements were repeated again seven days later, and subsequently analysed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). RESULTS: The intrarater reliability of measuring toe pressures was excellent (ICC3,1 =0.78-0.79, @entity2246 8   mmHg) and interrater reliability was also excellent (ICC2,2   =   0.93, @entity2246 4   mmHg). The intrarater reliability for measuring brachial pressures was generally poor (ICC3,1   =   0.40 - 0.42, @entity2246 19   mmHg) and interrater reliability was fair-good (ICC2,2. 0.65, @entity2246 14   mmHg). The @entity11438 intrarater reliability was fair-good (ICC3,1   =   0.51-0.72, @entity2246 0.08), whilst the interrater reliability of @entity11438 was excellent (ICC2,2   =   0.85, @entity2246 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, interrater and intrarater reliability of @entity18654 is excellent for measuring toe blood pressure, good for @entity11438 and only fair for brachial pressures in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Interrater and intrarater reliability of photoplethysmography for measuring toe blood pressure and toe-brachial index in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'toe brachial index']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'standard error of measurement']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is a growing health problem worldwide. The management of @entity263 is controversial. It is unclear which of several surgical, radiotherapeutic, ablative, and surveillance treatments is the most effective. All have cost, process and recovery, and morbidity implications which add to treatment decision-making complexity for @entity1 and healthcare professionals. Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not optimal because of uncertainty as to what constitutes important outcomes. Another issue hampering evidence synthesis is heterogeneity of outcome definition, measurement, and reporting. This project aims to determine which outcomes are the most important to @entity1 and healthcare professionals, and use these findings to recommend a standardised core outcome set for comparative effectiveness trials of treatments for @entity263 , to optimise decision-making. METHODS/DESIGN: The range of potentially important outcomes and measures will be identified through systematic reviews of the literature and semi-structured interviews with @entity1 . A consultation exercise involving representatives from two key stakeholder groups ( @entity1 and healthcare professionals) will ratify the list of outcomes to be entered into a three round Delphi study. The Delphi process will refine and prioritise the list of identified outcomes. A methodological substudy (nested RCT design) will also be undertaken. @entity1 will be randomised after round one of the Delphi study to one of three feedback groups, based on different feedback strategies, in order to explore the potential impact of feedback strategies on @entity1 responses. This may assist the design of a future core outcome set and Delphi studies. Following the Delphi study, a final consensus meeting attended by representatives from both stakeholder groups will determine the final recommended core outcome set. DISCUSSION: This study will inform clinical practice and future trials of interventions of @entity263 by standardising a core outcome set which should be considered in comparative effectiveness studies for @entity263 .

title: A core outcome set for XXXX effectiveness trials: protocol for a systematic review of the literature and stakeholder involvement through interviews and a Delphi survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: Esophageal perforations nearby the @entity418 are a clinical disorder of various causes. Perforations occur most often following diagnostic or interventional endoscopy but spontaneous perforations ( @entity3253 ) are less frequent. Due to the heterogeneous etiology there is a broad range of therapeutic options. In most cases the esophageal perforation site can be covered by an endoscopic stent. Recent endoscopic procedures are the intraluminal application of an endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure system (endo-VAC) or clipping of the esophageal defect. Surgical procedures include direct suturing with external coverage of the defect or transhiatal blunt dissection of the esophagus without primary reconstruction. All endoscopic and surgical procedures often require an additional drainage of the mediastinum and if necessary of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The clinical presentation ranges from a simple perforation without concomitant esophageal pathology to a defect of considerable length with pleural perforation and associated septic @entity881 . The severity of the septic course is the crucial parameter for the choice of the procedure. An early @entity881 indicates an insufficient drainage of the septic focus and is indicative for surgical resection. The overall mortality is given as 12   % in the current literature and primarily depends on the localization and the etiology of the perforation. The highest mortality rates are observed with @entity3253 . The most important prognostic variable is the time interval between perforation and initiation of therapy whereby the mortality rises up to 20   % if the interval exceeds 24  h. Due to the complex therapy and the poor prognosis esophageal perforations should be treated in specialized centers.

title: [Perforations near the XXXX in benign diseases].

entities_list: @entity3253 :: ('MESH:C536571', 'Disease') :: ['Boerhaave syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously reported the therapeutic efficacy of Sequential Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (Seq-BNCT), i.e., BPA (boronophenylalanine) - BNCT followed by @entity50067 (decahydrodecaborate) - BNCT 1 or 2 days later, in the hamster cheek pouch @entity5 model. We have utilized the neutron autoradiography methodology to study boron microdistribution in tissue. The aim was to use this method to evaluate if the distribution of @entity50067 is altered by prior application of BPA-BNCT in Sequential BNCT protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extensive qualitative and quantitative autoradiography analyses were performed in the following groups: G1 (animals without boron); G2 (animals injected with BPA); G3 (animals injected with @entity50067 ); G4 (same as G3, 24 h after BPA-BNCT); and G5 (same protocol as G4, 48 h interval). RESULTS: A detailed study of boron localization in the different tissue structures of @entity5 , premalignant and normal tissue in the hamster cheek pouch was performed. @entity50067 accumulated preferentially in non-neoplastic connective tissue, whereas for BPA neoplastic cells showed the highest boron concentration. Boron distribution was less heterogeneous for @entity50067 than for BPA. In premalignant and normal tissue, @entity50067 and BPA accumulated mostly in connective tissue and epithelium, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BPA-BNCT could alter boron microlocalization of @entity50067 administered subsequently. Boron targeting homogeneity is essential for therapeutic success.

title: Neutron autoradiography to study boron compound microdistribution in an XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: The computed tomography (CT)-based early @entity2 diagnostic technologies allow the detection of very small stage I @entity2 . As part of these screening protocols any suspicious nodule has to be diagnosed morphologically, which requires CT-guided Fine Needle Aspiration, open biopsy or surgery. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology is a well-recognised method for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of @entity151 . Molecular analysis of the FNA specimens could complement cytology diagnosis by the characterization of the biological traits at the preoperative stage. In this study, we aimed to characterize the biological profile of 33 @entity982 -embedded transthoracic FNA samples obtained from three groups of @entity2 @entity1 : two groups of small early-detected lung @entity420 (radiologically subsolid and solid nodules) and a third group of small metastatic @entity420 . Genetic analysis was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using the four-color LAVysion probe. @entity876 and Ki-67 protein expression was also evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The samples showed gains for all targets analyzed; two cases had @entity470 gene amplification and two cases had MYC amplification. There were no significant differences in the percentage of genetically malignant cells and the expression of Ki-67 among the three groups. However, @entity876 accumulation was significantly higher in the metastatic group compared to the subsolid early-detected group (P = 0.001). In conclusion, molecular analysis of FNA specimens may provide useful information at preoperative stages. In our series, a good prognostic profile in subsolid early detected @entity420 is suggested.

title: Molecular characterization of small peripheral XXXX based on the analysis of fine needle aspirates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rhizosheaths comprise soil that adheres to plant roots and, in some species, are indicative of root hair length. In this study, the genetics of rhizosheath size in @entity3505 was investigated by screening the progeny of multiparent advanced generation intercrosses (MAGIC). Two MAGIC populations were screened for rhizosheath size using a high throughput method. One MAGIC population was developed from intercrosses between four parents (4-way) and the other from intercrosses between eight parents (8-way). Transgressive segregation for rhizosheath size was observed in both the 4-way and 8-way MAGIC populations. A @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) analysis of the 4-way population identified six major loci located on chromosomes 2B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 7A together accounting for 42% of the variation in rhizosheath size. Rhizosheath size was strongly correlated with root hair length and was robust across different soil types in the absence of chemical constraints. Rhizosheath size in the MAGIC populations was a reliable surrogate for root hair length and, therefore, the @entity23398 identified probably control root hair elongation. Members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors have previously been identified to regulate root hair length in @entity958 and @entity579 . Since several @entity3505 members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of genes are located within or near the @entity23398 , these genes are candidates for controlling the long root hair trait. The @entity23398 for rhizosheath size identified in this study provides the opportunity to implement marker-assisted selection to increase root hair length for improved @entity4613 acquisition in @entity3505 .

title: The genetics of rhizosheath size in a multiparent mapping population of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative trait loci', 'QTL']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: The influence of complex plaque morphology on the extent of demand-induced @entity63 in unselected @entity1 is not well defined. We sought to investigate the functional significance of lesion morphology in @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography and @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). Angiography and DSE were performed within a 6-month period (mean 1 +/- 1 month) in 196 @entity1 . Angiographic assessments involved quantification of @entity850 severity, assessment of the extent of jeopardized myocardium, and categorization of plaque morphology according to the Ambrose classification. DSE was interpreted by separate investigators with respect to wall motion score index (WMSI) and number of coronary territories involved. A general linear model was constructed to assess the independent contribution of @entity1 characteristics and angiographic and DSE results with respect to extent of @entity63 . Complex lesion morphology was seen in 62 @entity1 (32%). @entity1 with @entity75 were more likely to have had prior @entity583 (p <0.001) and be current smokers (p = 0.03). During angiography, they exhibited a trend toward a greater number of diseased vessels, had a greater coronary jeopardy score (p <0.001) and more frequent collateral flow (p = 0.03). During echocardiography, @entity1 had a higher stress WMSI (p <0.001) and were more likely to show @entity63 in all 3 arterial territories (p <0.01). On multivariate regression, the coronary artery jeopardy score and the presence of complex plaque morphology were independent predictors of the extent of @entity63 (R(2) = 34%, p <0.001). Thus, @entity1 with complex plaque morphology are older, more likely to smoke, and more likely to have had prior @entity583 . They exhibit more extensive disease with higher coronary jeopardy scores and a higher resting and peak stress WMSI. Despite these differences, complex plaque morphology remains an independent predictor of the extent of @entity63 during stress.

title: Independent contribution of plaque complexity to myocardial ischemia during XXXX stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['complex lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The final product of adipogenesis is a functional adipocyte. This mature cell acquires the necessary machinery for lipid metabolism, loses its proliferation potential, increases its insulin sensitivity, and secretes adipokines. Multipotent mesechymal stromal cells have been recognized as a source of adipocytes both in vivo and in  vitro. The in  vitro adipogenic differentiation of @entity1 MSC (hMSC) has been induced up to now by using a complex stimulus which includes @entity619 , @entity1922 , @entity3352 , and insulin (a classical cocktail) and evaluated according to morphological changes. The present work was aimed at demonstrating that the simultaneous activation of @entity619 's canonical signaling pathways, through the glucocorticoid receptor and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and @entity6170 through @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) is sufficient yet necessary for inducing hMSC adipogenic differentiation. It was also ascertained that hMSC exposed just to @entity619 and @entity6170 (D_R) differentiated into cells which accumulated neutral lipid droplets, expressed @entity6863 , @entity6864 , aP2, lipoprotein lipase, @entity8595 synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, @entity1254 , and leptin genes but did not proliferate. @entity413 uptake was dose dependent on insulin stimulus and high levels of adipokines were secreted (i.e. displaying not only the morphology but also expressing mature adipocytes' specific genes and functional characteristics). This work has demonstrated that (i) the activating C/EBPs and @entity6864 signaling pathways were sufficient to induce adipogenic differentiation from hMSC, (ii) D_R producing functional adipocytes from hMSC, (iii) D_R induce adipogenic differentiation from @entity1 MSC (including those which are refractory to classical adipogenic differentiation stimuli). D_R would thus seem to be a useful tool for MSC characterization, studying adipogenesis pathways and producing functional adipocytes.

title: @entity619 and XXXX are sufficient and necessary for producing functional adipocytes from mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPAR-gamma']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['rosiglitazone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Late  -onset @entity6126 is defined as a condition caused by a decline in the levels of @entity251 with aging. One of the major factors contributing to the low levels of @entity251 is the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in Leydig cells during the ageing process. @entity20385 ( @entity20385 ), a member of the peroxiredoxin family, is an antioxidant protein, the predominant function of which is to neutralize ROS. However, its role in Leydig cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, primary Leydig cells were exposed to low concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) to induce oxidative stress. Cell apoptosis was measured using an @entity4404 @entity2822 / @entity2667 apoptosis detection kit and flow cytometry. The level of @entity251 was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity20385 were detected by reverse transcription  -polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results revealed a significant increase in cell apoptosis and decrease in @entity251 production. In addition, the expression of @entity20385 was decreased by @entity5568 in a dose  - and time  -dependent manner, and this decrease may have been caused by the induction of its molecular structure transformation due to @entity5568 elimination. The above findings indicated that @entity20385 may prevent @entity5568 accumulation in Leydig cells, and may be important in oxidative stress  -induced apoptosis and decreased @entity251 production.

title: Role of @entity20385 in XXXX  -induced oxidative stress of primary Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity5568 :: (D006861,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: The role of @entity172 in @entity1515 -inhibiting systems in the lateral septum or the dorsal raphe nucleus was investigated in female and male @entity35 . Ovariectomized @entity35 received implantation of 22-gauge guide cannulae to the bilateral or right side of the lateral septum ( @entity8433 and rLS, respectively), the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or bilateral cortex (CX). In castrated male @entity35 , bilateral implantations of the cannulae to the @entity8433 were carried out (mLS). Three behavioral tests in total were performed at 2-week intervals. In the first test, all animals were subcutaneously injected with 1.5 microg/kg @entity4520 (EB). Forty-four hours after EB, 0.5 mg @entity1420 (P) was injected and a behavioral test was started 4 h after P. These hormonal regimes were used in all tests. In the second test, 2 h before EB injection, 27-gauge cannulae filled with @entity53 (E2) were inserted into the DRN, @entity8433 or CX through the guide cannulae and were kept there for 4 h. In the third test, @entity165 was implanted instead of E2 into these areas. In the first test, most females showed low levels of @entity1515 quotient (LQ) and most males showed no @entity1515 . In the second test, mean LQs in the @entity8433 or rLS groups of females increased but not in the DRN and CX groups. In the mLS group no increase of LQ was observed. When @entity165 was implanted in the third test, mean LQs in all groups were as low as in the first test. These results suggest the possibility that @entity172 releases the inhibition when it acts on the @entity8433 , but not on the DRN female @entity35 . On the other hand, inhibition in the male @entity8433 may not be released by the direct action of @entity172 .

title: Effect of direct application of @entity172 aimed at lateral septum or dorsal raphe nucleus on XXXX behavior: regional and sexual differences in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1515 :: (MESH:D008141,Disease) :: ['lordosis']


abstract: In this study the efficacy and safety femoral intra-arterial administration of @entity11248 in the treatment of @entity6 caused by gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. Twenty-five hospitalized @entity6 @entity1 with foot @entity1066 or with foot @entity1066 and @entity4034 were included in the study. In the @entity1066 @entity794 was present alone in 16 @entity1 and was associated with @entity796 in 2 @entity1 , with @entity5132 in 2, and with coagulase-negative @entity794 in 1 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 other gram-positive bacteria were isolated. All isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotics tested. @entity11248 , 200 mg, was administered once a day by femoral intra-arterial injection for an average period of 14.72 +/- 7.16 days (range ten to thirty-six days). Six @entity1 were treated with an additional antibiotic intramuscularly or intravenously because of a @entity325 . At the end of the therapy microbiological assessment confirmed that gram-positive @entity281 was eliminated in all @entity1 . Clinical outcome demonstrated that healing occurred in 18 @entity1 (72%) and improvement in 7 @entity1 (28%). No adverse drug reactions were observed during the treatment. The results demonstrate that femoral intra-arterial administration of @entity11248 was highly effective in skin- and bone-infected lesions in the @entity6 foot. This method may represent a further advantage in management of this severe @entity6 complication.

title: Efficacy of femoral intra-arterial administration of XXXX in gram-positive @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsophalangeal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin', 'Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

answer: @entity11248 :: (MESH:D017334,Chemical) :: ['teicoplanin']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is the fourth cause of @entity5 death in Western countries, the only chance for long term survival is an R0 surgical resection that is feasible in about 10%-20% of all cases. Five years cumulative survival is less than 5% and rises to 25% for radically resected @entity1 . About 40% has locally advanced in @entity788 either borderline resectable (BRPC) or unresectable locally advanced (LAPC). Since LAPC and BRPC have been recognized as a particular form of @entity788 neoadjuvant therapy (NT) has increasingly became a valid treatment option. The aim of NT is to reach local control of disease but, also, it is recognized to convert about 40% of LAPC @entity1 to R0 resectability, thus providing a significant improvement of prognosis for responding @entity1 . Once R0 resection is achieved, survival is comparable to that of early stage PCs treated by upfront surgery. Thus it is crucial to look for a proper @entity1 selection. Neoadjuvant strategies are multiples and include neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), and the association of nCT with radiotherapy (nCRT) given as either a combination of a radio sensitizing drug as @entity136 or @entity416 or and concomitant irradiation or as upfront nCT followed by nRT associated to a radio sensitizing drug. This latter seem to be most promising as it may select @entity1 who do not go on disease progression during initial treatment and seem to have a better prognosis. The clinical relevance of nCRT may be enhanced by the application of higher active protocols as FOLFIRINOX.

title: Neoadjuvant strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Importance: The @entity267 ( @entity267 ) showed that donor age is not a factor in survival of most penetrating keratoplasties for endothelial disease. Secondary analyses confirm the importance of surgical indication and presence of @entity726 in outcomes at 10 years. Objective: To assess the relationship between donor and recipient factors and corneal graft survival in the @entity267 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Multicenter prospective, double-masked, controlled clinical trial conducted at 80 clinical sites. One hundred five surgeons enrolled 1090 @entity1 undergoing corneal transplant for a moderate-risk condition, principally @entity13189 or pseudophakic or aphakic @entity3279 (PACE). Forty-three eye banks provided corneas. Interventions: Corneas from donors younger than 66 years and donors 66 years or older were assigned, masked to donor age. Surgery and postoperative care were performed according to the surgeons' usual routines. @entity1 were followed up for as long as 12 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Graft failure, defined as a regrafting procedure or a cloudy cornea for 3 consecutive months. Results: The 10-year cumulative probability of graft failure was higher in @entity1 with PACE than in those with @entity13189 (37% vs 20%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.1 [99% CI, 1.4-3.0]; P   <   .001) and in @entity1 with a history of @entity726 before penetrating keratoplasty, particularly with prior @entity726 surgery (58% with prior @entity726 surgery and use of medications to lower intraocular pressure at the time of surgery vs 22% with no history of @entity726 surgery or medication use; HR, 4.1 [99% CI, 2.2-7.5]; P   <   .001). We found trends toward increased graft failure in recipients who were 70 years or older compared with those younger than 60 years (29% vs 19%; HR, 1.2 [99% CI, 0.7-2.1]; P   =   .04) or were African American (HR, 1.5; P   =   .11) or who had a history of smoking (35% vs 24%; HR, 1.6 [99% CI, 0.9-2.8]; P   =   .02). Lower endothelial cell density (ECD) and higher @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ) at 6 months (6% vs 41% for ECD >= 2700 vs <1700 cells/mm2 [P   <   .001]; 14% vs 36% for @entity2687 <500 vs >= 600  m [P   =   .001]), 1 year (4% vs 39% for ECD >= 2700 vs <1700 cells/mm2 [P   <   .001]; 18% vs 28% for @entity2687 <500 vs >= 600  m [P   =   .04]), and 5 years (2% vs 29% for ECD >= 1500 vs <500 cells/mm2 [P   <   .001]; 7% vs 34% for @entity2687 <550 vs >= 650  m [P   <   .001]) were associated with subsequent graft failure. Conclusions and Relevance: Most penetrating corneal grafts for @entity13189 or PACE remain clear at 10 years. The risk for failure is greater for graft recipients with PACE and those with a history of @entity726 . Measurements of ECD and @entity2687 during the course of postkeratoplasty follow-up are associated with a risk for failure. However, even with very low ECD and high @entity2687 at 5 years, most corneas remain clear at 10 years.

title: Factors Associated With Corneal Graft Survival in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'Cornea Donor Study']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thickness', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['Cornea Donor Study']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the outcomes of hybrid repair of @entity2334 and performed meta-analyses and meta-regressions to assess whether the number of stages during hybrid repair is associated with mortality. METHODS: Review methods were according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes of procedural and clinical success were reported descriptively. Meta-analyses, meta-regressions, and logistic regressions were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) describing the association between the staging of the operation and in-hospital death. RESULTS: We included 19 studies of 660 @entity1 . Procedures were single-staged in 288 @entity1 and staged in 372. Perioperative mortality ranged from 0% to 44.4%, and @entity2759 ranged from 0% to 15.3%. After a mean follow-up of 26 months (range, 6-88.5 months), the overall mortality was 20.8%. The meta-regression of all studies' summary data (OR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-2.16; P = .45; I(2) = 0.42) and a meta-regression where mortality rates in four studies were stratified by operative staging (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.24-1.36; P = .19; I(2) = 0.38) supported a two-stage procedure but failed to reach statistical significance. Logistic regressions of individual @entity1 data from a single center demonstrated evidence that a staged procedure was safer (adjusted OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00-0.96; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid repair of @entity2334 may reduce early morbidity and mortality even in a group considered high risk for open surgery but still carries risks of perioperative complications. This study suggested advantages to a staged procedure, but statistically significant evidence is lacking. Prospective data are still needed to optimize hybrid repair and best define its role.

title: Clinical outcomes of single versus staged hybrid repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and elevated @entity701 are hallmarks of @entity308 . @entity701 acts via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, which have their highest density in the hippocampus, a brain area closely related to cognitive function. Several studies have separately examined @entity701 secretion and @entity73 in @entity308 . However, only few studies have assessed their association in the same @entity1 producing inconclusive results. METHODS: We examined 52 medication-free @entity1 with @entity308 (37 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; mean age 35 +/- 11 years; Hamilton @entity308 Scale mean score 27 +/- 5) and 50 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and years of education. We applied several neuropsychological tests. Salivary @entity701 levels were measured on the same day at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 22:00 hours. RESULTS: Compared with healthy subjects, @entity1 had significantly higher @entity701 levels and were @entity2414 , and selective attention. In @entity308 @entity1 , but not in healthy control subjects, we found a negative correlation between salivary @entity701 levels (area under the curve) and hippocampus-related neuropsychological domains (verbal memory, visuospatial memory) and executive function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 , especially those closely related to hippocampus function, appear to be related to @entity701 secretion in @entity308 @entity1 . Elevated @entity701 may downregulate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, which could, in part, be responsible for @entity73 in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity308 : association with salivary @entity701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A shift from @entity1198 to Th2 as well as an increase in Treg @entity404 +T cell subsets has been reported in septic @entity1 (SP). Furthermore, these @entity1 display modulation of monocyte function, with reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon @entity558 stimulus, which resembles the phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the percentages of T cells differentiated into @entity1198 , Th17 and Treg subsets, as well as the percentage of monocytes expressing markers of alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages (AAM) in SP. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 32 healthy volunteers (HV) and from SP at admission (D0, n=67) and after 7 days of therapy (D7, n=33). @entity1198 and Th17 (CD3+ @entity405 -) lymphocytes were identified by the intracellular detection of @entity379 and @entity4155 , respectively, spontaneously and after @entity4515 /Io stimulation, and Treg cells were identified by @entity403 + @entity6978 - expression. Monocytes were evaluated for @entity14452 and @entity11772 expression. Absolute numbers of @entity404 +T lymphocytes were measured in whole blood samples by flow cytometry. The Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon test was applied, as appropriate. The percentage of @entity1198 cells was lower in SP than in HV at admission after @entity4515 /Io stimulation, whereas the percentage of Th17 cells was higher. In @entity1 ' follow-up samples, a higher percentage of @entity1198 cells and a lower percentage of Th17 cells were observed on D7 compared with the D0 samples. Treg cells remained unchanged. Septic @entity1 showed a markedly increased proportion of monocytes expressing @entity11772 and @entity14452 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Upon in vitro stimulus, the percentage of T helper lymphocytes producing @entity4155 was higher in SP than in HV at admission, and the percentage producing @entity379 was lower, a pattern that was reversed during follow-up. The increased expression of @entity11772 and @entity14452 indicates that monocytes may acquire the AAM phenotype during @entity295 .

title: Increased percentages of T helper cells producing @entity4155 and monocytes expressing markers of alternative activation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Number of functional teats is an important trait in commercial @entity1707 production. As litter size increases, the number of teats must also increase to supply nutrition to all piglets. Therefore, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify genomic regions that affect this trait in a commercial @entity1707 population. Genotypic data from the Illumina Porcine SNP60v1 BeadChip were available for 2951 animals with @entity348 ( @entity348 ) records. A subset of these animals (n  =  1828) had number of teats on each side recorded. From this information, the following traits were derived: number of teats on the left (LTN) and right side (RTN), maximum number of teats on a side (MAX), difference between LTN and RTN (L  -  R) and absolute value of L  -  R (DIF). Bayes C option of GENSEL (version 4.61) and 1-Mb windows were implemented. Identified regions that explained more than 1.5% of the genomic variation were tested in a larger group of animals (n  =  5453) to estimate additive genetic effects. RESULTS: Marker heritabilities were highest for @entity348 (0.233), intermediate for individual side counts (0.088  to  0.115) and virtually nil for difference traits (0.002 for L  -  R and 0.006 for DIF). Each copy of the @entity60321 mutant allele increased teat count by 0.35 ( @entity348 ), 0.16 (LTN and RTN) and 0.19 (MAX). 15, 18, 13 and 18 one-Mb windows were detected that explained more than 1.0% of the genomic variation for @entity348 , LTN, RTN, and MAX, respectively. These regions cumulatively accounted for over 50% of the genomic variation of LTN, RTN and MAX, but only 30% of that of @entity348 . @entity1707 chromosome SSC10:52  Mb was associated with all four count traits, while SSC10:60 and SSC14:54  Mb were associated with three count traits. Thirty-three SNPs accounted for nearly 39% of the additive genetic variation in the validation dataset. No effect of piglet sex or percentage of males in litter was detected, but birth weight was positively correlated with @entity348 . CONCLUSIONS: Teat number is a heritable trait and use of genetic markers would expedite selection progress. Exploiting genetic variation associated with teat counts on each side would enhance selection focused on total teat counts. These results confirm QTL on SSC4, seven and ten and identify a novel QTL on SSC14.

title: Genetic analysis of teat number in XXXX reveals some developmental pathways independent of vertebra number and several loci which only affect a specific side.

entities_list: @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['swine', 'Sus scrofa']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TTN', 'total teat number']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the design of a trial on the efficacy of lumbar traction. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : @entity1 with a minimum of 6 wk, nonspecific @entity1643 . INTERVENTION: High-dose, motorized, continuous traction with a force between 35% and 50% of the total body weight was compared with sham or low-dose traction with a force between 0 and 20% of body weight. The sham traction was given with a specially developed brace that becomes tighter in the back during traction. This is experienced by @entity1 as if traction were exerted. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures were the @entity1 's global impression of the effect and the severity of three main complaints. Secondary effect measures were functional status, @entity158 , work absence and recurrences. The effect measures were rated before randomization and 4 wk, 12 wk and 6 months later. CONCLUSION: There have been a number of earlier trials on the efficacy of lumbar traction; they suffer, however, from severe methodological flaws. This trial aimed to avoid these shortcomings.

title: The efficacy of traction for lumbar back XXXX : design of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, range of motion']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']