abstract: Connetics Corporation (USA) is developing a foam formulation of 2% @entity3102 [Extina] for the treatment of mycoses and dermatological indications, particularly @entity1909 . The product utilises Connetics' proprietary foam drug delivery technology, VersaFoam, and is currently awaiting registration in the US for the treatment of @entity1909 . @entity3102 is a common antifungal used for the treatment of broad-spectrum mycoses, including Candida spp. @entity3102 binds to fungal @entity12325 enzymes and inhibits cells from producing @entity12364 , the main component of the cell wall. In late 2001, the initiation of clinical trials was delayed after Connetics decided to reformulate the foam to eliminate a particular ingredient derived from @entity291 . In its 2001 Annual Report, Connetics stated that although the ingredient is acceptable in US products, the company felt that it was prudent to reformulate the product before beginning clinical trials. Connetics has already completed a pilot study comparing Extina with Nizoral in 50 @entity1 with @entity1909 . The trial, while not sized for efficacy, did show strong efficacy trends in favour of Extina. This outcome was anticipated based on the advantages seen in skin permeation studies, which demonstrated that Extina penetrated the skin twice as effectively as Nizoral cream. The skin permeation studies were conducted by Connetics' Center for Skin Biology. Complete results from the skin permeation and pilot efficacy studies were to be submitted for publication in the second half of 2002. Results were also presented in March 2003 at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD-2003). In July 2002, Connetics estimated the US market for topical antifungals to be worth approximately  US700 million annually.

title: XXXX foam--connetics: connetics @entity3102 foam.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['seborrhoeic dermatitis']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['Ketoconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6 Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed (DESMOND) Self-monitoring Trial reported that @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 attending community-based structured education and randomized to self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) or urine monitoring had comparable improvements in biomedical outcomes, but differences in satisfaction with, and continued use of monitoring method, well-being and perceived threat from @entity6 . OBJECTIVES: To explore experiences of SMBG and urine monitoring following structured education. We specifically addressed the perceived usefulness of each monitoring method and the associated well-being. METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 18 adults with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 participating in the DESMOND Self-monitoring Trial (SMBG, N = 10; urine monitoring, N = 8) ~12 months into the trial. Analysis was informed by the constant comparative approach. RESULTS: Interviewees reported SMBG as accurate, convenient and useful. Declining use was explained by having established a pattern of managing blood @entity413 with less frequent monitoring or lack of feedback or encouragement from health care professionals. Many initially positive views of urine monitoring progressively changed due to perceived inaccuracy, leading some to switch to SMBG. Perceiving @entity6 as less serious was attributable to lack of symptoms, treatment with diet alone and-in the urine-monitoring group-consistently negative readings. Urine monitoring also provided less visible evidence of @entity6 and of the effect of behaviour on @entity413 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance for professionals of considering @entity1 ' preferences when using self-monitoring technologies, including how these change over time, when supporting the self-care behaviours of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Explaining engagement in self-monitoring among XXXX of the DESMOND Self-monitoring Trial: a qualitative interview study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer-related @entity3085 is caused by a diverse combination of accelerated protein breakdown and slowed protein synthesis. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that supplementation of specific nutrients known to positively support protein synthesis and reduce protein breakdown will reverse the @entity3085 process in advanced @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with solid @entity5 who had demonstrated a weight loss of at least 5% were considered for the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either an isonitrogenous control mixture of nonessential @entity1522 or an experimental treatment containing @entity26231 (3 g/d), @entity534 (14 g/d), and @entity9640 (14 g/d [ @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 ]). The primary outcomes measured were the change in body mass and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), which were assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (14 control, 18 @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 ) were evaluated at the 4-week visit. The @entity1 supplemented with @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 gained 0.95 +/- 0.66 kg of body mass in 4 weeks, whereas control subjects lost 0.26 +/- 0.78 kg during the same time period. This gain was the result of a significant increase in @entity1386 in the @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 -supplemented group (1.12 +/- 0.68 kg), whereas the subjects supplemented with the control lost 1.34 +/- 0.78 kg of @entity1386 (P = 0.02). The response to 24-weeks of supplementation was evaluated by an intent-to-treat statistical analysis. The effect of @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 on @entity1386 increase was maintained over the 24 weeks (1.60 +/- 0.98 kg; quadratic contrast over time, P <0.05). There was no negative effect of treatment on the incidence of adverse effects or quality of life measures. CONCLUSIONS: The mixture of @entity26232 / @entity534 / @entity7647 was effective in increasing @entity1386 of @entity5 . The exact reasons for this improvement will require further investigation, but could be attributed to the observed effects of @entity26232 on slowing rates of protein breakdown, with improvements in protein synthesis observed with @entity369 and @entity1160 .

title: Reversal of @entity5 -related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of XXXX , @entity369 , and @entity1160 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced (stage IV) cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['Arg', 'L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

entities_list: @entity26231 :: ('MESH:C004961', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate']

answer: @entity26231 :: (MESH:C004961,Chemical) :: ['beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caspases are key mediators in the regulation and execution of apoptosis, a crucial part of the morphogenetic process during limb development. @entity63016 are upstream caspases. @entity4699 mediates the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis triggered by signaling through TNF-R1 family receptors. @entity7349 is activated during the intrinsic pathway downstream of mitochondria. @entity185 is an effector caspase that initiates degradation of the cell in the final stages of apoptosis. @entity904 is a potent teratogen that causes limb reduction defects in embryos exposed during organogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have shown that exposure of the organogenesis-stage @entity19 limb to @entity904 results in excessive levels of apoptosis. The goal of this work was to characterize the involvement of @entity29578 , as well as cytochrome-c release from the mitochondria, in the apoptotic cascade induced by @entity904 . METHODS: Limb buds from gestational day 12 CD-1 @entity19 were cultured in a chemically defined medium in the absence or presence of @entity904 . Cultures were terminated after 6 days to examine the effect of the drug on gross morphology. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining after culture for 24 hr. Caspase activation was determined by Western blotting and localized by immunohistochemistry of control and treated limbs. The release of cytochrome-c into the cytoplasm was assessed by Western blotting after cell-fractionation. RESULTS: Limbs cultured in the presence of @entity904 showed a dose-dependent growth reduction and dysmorphogenesis of the cartilaginous anlagen. Apoptosis was increased in the interdigital, anterior, and posterior marginal zones and in the apical ectodermal ridge. Western-blotting confirmed the presence of activated @entity185 that increased with time in culture and @entity904 concentration. Cleaved @entity185 immunoreactivity colocalized with TUNEL stained limb regions and increased dramatically with increasing drug concentrations. In contrast, procaspase-8 and -9 were not activated. Exposure to high concentrations of @entity904 did, however, increase cytoplasmic cytochrome-c, suggesting mitochondrial involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity185 is a key effector caspase in the apoptotic pathway induced by @entity904 . While @entity63016 are not responsible for the activation of @entity185 in response to the drug, cytochrome-c release from mitochondria may play an upstream role.

title: XXXX mediates retinoid-induced apoptosis in the organogenesis-stage @entity19 limb.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'Vitamin A']

answer: @entity185 :: (12367(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Caspase-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adolescent females with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) are reported to have greater risk of early @entity532 than males. We hypothesize sex differences in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) through puberty are associated with earlier-onset @entity532 . METHODS: Prepubertal @entity1 (n = 64, 35 male) with @entity1723 , complication-free at baseline, were followed through to sexual maturity with detailed @entity5 and repeated @entity6 complications assessments. @entity989 from digitized retinal photographs at each visit was assessed using a semiautomated computer program. Determinants of @entity989 measurements (pre-, during, and post puberty) were explored using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Factors associated with time to onset of @entity989 and albumin excretion rate (AER) were examined using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 7.2 years. @entity989 developed in 69% and elevated albumin excretion in 56%. In multivariable GEE, female sex was associated with wider venular caliber (prepuberty: lowest-quartile, odds ratio 0.40 [95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.96]); P = 0.04) and lower arteriolar length-to-diameter-ratio (LDRa) (during puberty: lowest-quartile 2.87 [1.01, 8.13]; P = 0.047 and post puberty: 2.93 [0.96, 8.64]; P = 0.06). In Cox-regression, females developed @entity989 earlier than males (8.1 vs. 9.6 years; P = 0.002). Female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 3.8 [1.6-8.6]; P = 0.002) and growth velocity (1.3 [1.1-1.5]; P = 0.001) were associated with earlier @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first longitudinal study to repeatedly examine @entity989 through puberty in youth with @entity1723 . Sex dimorphism was observed. Female sex was associated with lower LDRa, wider venules, and earlier onset of @entity989 . These @entity989 patterns have been associated with incident @entity532 but did not reach statistical significance in this study. Larger studies are needed to investigate the @entity989 , @entity532 , and sex associations early in the course of @entity1723 .

title: Sex differences in retinal microvasculature through puberty in @entity1723 : are XXXX at greater risk of diabetic microvascular complications?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tanner-staging']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RVG', 'retinopathy', 'retinal vascular geometry', 'Retinal vascular geometry', 'Retinopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: @entity2518 mediated changes in tissue specific fluorescence were studied in @entity150 . Bladders of normal @entity1 and also @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 were instilled with @entity2518 and the resultant @entity13880 mediated fluorescence intensity was imaged and quantified with confocal laser microscopy and fluorescence image analysis. @entity5 cells were observed to fluoresce more intensely than normal urothelial cells. Submucosa and muscle tissues exhibited minimal fluorescence compared to urothelial cells of malignant origin and also normal urothelial cells. Degree of fluorescence intensity was in the order of malignant urothelium > normal urothelium > normal submucosa > normal muscles. Fluorescence intensity was also found to increase with duration of ALA instillation. Grade 3 malignant cells produced more fluorescence compared to grade 2 and grade 1. Similarly, @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) showed increased fluorescence intensity than that of Ta @entity1606 . Also, @entity5 blood vessels fluoresced more intensely compared to blood vessels found in normal bladder tissue. Tissue specific ALA mediated PpIX micro fluorescence can be used as a diagnostic technique for early detection of @entity5 and confocal laser microscopy and fluorescence image analysis are advantageous diagnostic tools for the photodynamic diagnosis of @entity150 in vivo.

title: Fluorescence confocal microscopy and image analysis of XXXX using @entity2518 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Urothelial tumour', 'cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasms', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'T1 transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Milk of @entity460 bile or limy bile is a @entity395 in which the @entity1085 is filled with a thick, paste-like, radiopaque material. METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity1157 were treated in our department from 1980 to 2003. There were five @entity1 and two @entity1 , and their age ranged from 30 to 64 years. A retrospective analysis of clinical symptoms, diagnostic work-up, treatment approach and operative findings was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with intermittent right upper @entity490 . Three of the seven @entity1 (42.85%) presented with complications like acute @entity2679 (two of seven @entity1 ) and @entity3883 (one of seven @entity1 ). Diagnosis was based on clinical findings, plain abdominal X-rays, ultrasonography and computed tomography scanning. Surgery was the treatment of choice and cholecystectomy alone or in combination with common bile duct exploration and drainage (if needed) was performed. CONCLUSION: The clinical aspect of the disease is similar to that of @entity9279 and the diagnosis is easily made by the characteristic spontaneous opacification of the @entity1085 on plain abdominal X-rays. Complications such as acute @entity2679 , @entity788 or @entity3883 can also be present. Although some cases of conservative pharmaceutical treatment as well as cases of spontaneous disappearance of limy bile have been reported, surgical treatment remains the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX : review of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['limy bile syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['biliary lithiasis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Limy bile syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of activin A is associated with lymph node @entity3 and clinical stage in @entity418 . METHODS: To clarify the @entity146 with high activin A expression, we used the beta subunit of activin A to establish stable activin betaA (Act-betaA)-transfected @entity189 cells in two @entity1 @entity418 cell lines, KYSE110 and KYSE140. The biological behavior of these cells was compared with that in mock-transfected cells from the same cell lines. We focused our attention on cell growth and tumorigenesis, and proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Both Act-betaA-transfected @entity189 cell lines showed a higher growth rate than the mock-transfected @entity189 cells. In an in vitro invasion assay and a xenograft analysis, the Act-betaA-transfected @entity189 cells showed far higher proliferation in vitro and a higher potency for tumorigenesis in vivo, respectively. Moreover, in an analysis of apoptosis via Fas stimulation, the Act-betaA-transfected @entity189 cells showed a higher tolerance to apoptosis compared with the mock-transfected @entity189 cells. Moreover, anti-activin-neutralizing antibody-treated @entity1544 cell lines inhibited their migration. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data indicate that continuous high expression of activin A in @entity418 cells is not related to @entity5 suppression, but rather to @entity5 progression in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of activin might be one of the methods to attenuate @entity146 .

title: Activin a causes @entity5 cell XXXX in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness', 'aggressive behavior of tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exploring the relationship between genetic factors and outcome following @entity1545 has received increased attention in recent years. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of genes on specific sequelae of concussion. The purpose of this study was to determine how the   4 allele of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene influences symptom expression following sports-related concussion. @entity1 included 42 collegiate @entity2587 who underwent neuropsychological testing, including completion of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), within 3 months after sustaining a concussion (73.8% were evaluated within 1 week). Athletes provided buccal samples that were analyzed to determine the make-up of their @entity2204 genotype. Dependent variables included a total symptom score and four symptom clusters derived from the PCSS. Mann-Whitney U tests showed higher scores reported by @entity2587 with the   4 allele compared to those without it on the total symptom score and the physical and cognitive symptom clusters. Furthermore, logistic regression showed that the   4 allele independently predicted those @entity2587 who reported physical and cognitive symptoms following concussion. These findings illustrate that   4+ @entity2587 report greater symptomatology post-concussion than   4- @entity2587 , suggesting that the   4 genotype may confer risk for poorer post-concussion outcome. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1-6).

title: @entity2204 ( XXXX )   4 Allele Is Associated with Increased Symptom Reporting Following Sports Concussion.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'apolipoprotein E']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While ' @entity397 ' is the paradigm of type 1 @entity583 (T1MI), T2MI is @entity296 secondary to @entity26 supply-demand mismatch. Being a heterogeneous and rather newly defined group, data are lacking about T2MI. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 diagnosed with T2MI in the Rabin Cardiology Center, Israel between the years 2007 and 2012 was performed. Following a descriptive analysis, we used multivariate time dependent models to estimate the association of T2MI with the risk for 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year all-cause-mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and compared it to a T1MI group matched for age, gender and electrocardiographic changes. RESULTS: The study included 107 T2MI (and 107 T1MI) @entity1 . @entity295 , @entity417 , and @entity955 were the most common etiologies. Triple anti-thrombotic therapy was given to 22% of T2MI @entity1 (vs. 82% of T1MI @entity1 , p<0.001). Twenty-five percent were managed using urgent percutaneous coronary intervention. Angiography unmasked acute @entity397 in 29% of T2MI @entity1 group. Compared to T1MI, T2MI was associated with higher all-cause-mortality rate: adjusted-hazard-ratio 7.14 (1.31-38.9) at 30 days, 3.42 (1.51-7.75) at 1 year, and 2.08 (1.14-3.81) at 5 years follow-up. MACE risk was consistent between T2 and T1MI @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The most common T2MI triggers are @entity295 , @entity417 , and @entity955 . Compared to a T1MI population, T2MI is associated with higher short- and long-term mortality rates but equal cardiovascular mortality and MACE risk. As many as 30% may harbor @entity397 and in fact have T1MI.

title: Type 2 XXXX : A descriptive analysis and comparison with type 1 @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for surgical @entity550 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively collected data from 22 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies, performed by one surgeon (MGH) over a period of 18 months at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, were reviewed. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed by both the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. In addition, a retrospective chart review was performed for all open adrenalectomies, performed at the same institution, over a 6 year period. Exclusion criteria were locally invasive lesions and masses greater than 8 cm in diameter. @entity1911 were included in both groups. The two groups were evaluated with respect to intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two laparoscopic and 19 open adrenalectomies were reviewed. Both groups were similar with regard to gender, age, body mass index, and ASA class. Two laparoscopic cases, both with a history of prior ipsilateral adrenal surgery, were converted to the open approach. The laparoscopic group had a longer mean operative time (171 minutes versus 104 minutes), yet had a lower estimated @entity190 (146 cc versus 455 cc), blood transfusion rate (0% versus 16%), and intraoperative complication rate (5% versus 16%). Both groups were similar with regard to specimen size and pathology. The laparoscopic group required less post-operative analgesia (44 mg @entity1286 versus 478 mg @entity1286 ), resumed a regular diet sooner (1.1 days versus 3.7 days), and had a shorter hospital stay (2.2 days versus 5.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, prior ipsilateral adrenal surgery greatly increases the risk of open conversion. This study is consistent with the findings of a number of previously reported studies, supporting the emergence of laparoscopic adrenalectomy as the standard of care for surgical management of @entity550 .

title: Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disease', 'benign adrenal disease']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal pheochromocytomas']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['adrenal disease']


abstract: The method of ICP-OES for the direct determination of high content of @entity12310 in @entity49221 solutions was studied through mass dilution method and optimizing parameters of the instrument in the present paper. It can reduce the times of dilution and the error introduced by the dilution, and improve the accuracy of determination results of @entity12310 . Through analyzing the sensitivity of the three detection spectral lines for @entity12310 ion, linearly dependent @entity204 results, the spectral line of Rb 780. 023 nm was chosen as the most suitable wavelength to measure the high content of @entity12310 in the @entity49221 solutions. It was found that the instrument parameters of ICP-OES such as the atomizer flow, the pump speed and the high-frequency power are the major factors for the determination of @entity12310 ion in the @entity49221 solutions. As we know instrument parameters of ICP-OES have an important influence on the atomization efficiency as well as the emissive power of the spectral lines of @entity12310 , they are considered as the significant factors for the determination of @entity12310 . The optimization parameters of the instrument were obtained by orthogonal experiments and further single factor experiment, which are 0. 60 L . @entity1009 of atomizer flow, 60 r . @entity1009 of pump speed, and 1 150 W of high-frequency power. The same experiments were repeated a week later with the optimization parameters of the instrument, and the relative errors of the determination results are less than 0. 5% when the concentration of @entity49221 ranged from 0. 09% to 0. 18%. As the concentration of @entity49221 is 0. 06%, the relative errors of the determination results are -1. 7%. The determination of @entity13557 and @entity4337 in the high concentration of the aqueous solutions was studied under the condition of similar instrument parameters. It was found by comparison that the determination results of @entity13557 are better than that of @entity4337 and @entity49221 . The method of ICP-OES used for determination of high content of @entity12310 is fast and simple for operation, and the results are accurate. It is suitable for studying the equilibrium in the salt-water system containing @entity12310 and for analysis of products of @entity12310 with high content.

title: [Determination of high concentrations of XXXX by ICP-OES].

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity49221 :: ('MESH:C032710', 'Chemical') :: ['rubidium chloride']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient and the relative errors of the determination']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity49221 :: (MESH:C032710,Chemical) :: ['rubidium chloride']


abstract: The repair of large chest wall defects has been done on 23 @entity1 who had 28 operations. Twenty-two @entity1 had a @entity5 of the thoracic cage, while 1 had a large inflammatory mass. Nine @entity1 had a partial lung and 3 a partial diaphragmatic resection done en bloc with the ribs. Seven resections were on the sternum. The repair was made either with a soft prosthesis (nylon mesh in 3 and Marlex mesh in 12 operations) or with a composite prosthesis of @entity3677 and metallic or Marlex mesh (13 operations). The association of @entity3677 and Marlex combines the solidity and the easy shaping of @entity3677 with the advantages of the mesh for an easy fixation and excellent incorporation. When the skin and the muscles are resected with the osteocartilaginous wall, an omentum flap is placed between the skin and the prosthesis to facilitate healing. There was one postoperative wound @entity281 , which cleared with appropriate antibiotics. No prosthesis has extruded. The cosmetic and functional results are satisfactory. Repair of very large chest wall defects after resection can be done safely.

title: Repair of large chest wall defects: experience with 23 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute @entity632 -induced @entity1370 can be prevented in adults by continuous infusion of the drug, but mechanisms of @entity1370 are different in @entity1 . We compared cardiac outcomes in @entity1 receiving bolus or continuous infusion of @entity632 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized study, @entity1 with high-risk acute @entity981 received @entity632 360 mg/m(2) in 30-mg/m(2) doses every 3 weeks either by bolus (within 1 hour, n = 57) or by continuous infusion (over 48 hours, n = 64). Echocardiograms obtained before @entity632 and at longest follow-up times were centrally remeasured, and z scores of cardiac measurements were calculated based on a healthy population. RESULTS: The groups were similar in age, sex distribution, @entity632 dose, and duration of follow-up. Before treatment, measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function did not reveal @entity384 and were not statistically different between bolus and continuous-infusion groups. The follow-up echocardiograms demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups for any cardiac characteristic, but both groups showed significant abnormalities of LV structure and function compared with normal and with baseline. For example, the mean LV fractional shortening fell by approximately two SD in both groups between the two echocardiograms. LV contractility was @entity308 in both groups (for bolus @entity1 , median z score = -0.70 SD, P =.006; for continuous-infusion @entity1 , median z score = -0.765, P =.005). @entity384 and inadequate @entity4346 were noted in both groups. Clinical cardiac manifestations and event-free survival did not differ. CONCLUSION: Continuous @entity632 infusion over 48 hours for @entity1778 did not offer a cardioprotective advantage over bolus infusion. Both regimens were associated with progressive subclinical @entity1370 . Other cardioprotective strategies should be explored.

title: XXXX administration by continuous infusion is not cardioprotective: the Dana-Farber 91-01 @entity981 protocol.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: The @entity2339 is an essential component for the maintenance of homeostasis following @entity130 . Major surgical @entity130 often induces overwhelming inflammatory responses leading to @entity881 . This study was designed to evaluate the adrenal responses both before and after various degrees of surgical @entity130 and to determine the incidence of postoperative relative @entity1887 resulting in the marked inflammatory response often associated with @entity260 . Fifty-one surgical @entity1 were divided into groups who underwent major, moderate, and minor surgeries. Before the operation and during resting conditions, a short corticotropin ( @entity4545 ) stimulation test was performed in each @entity1 . The postoperative concentrations of serum @entity701 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and plasma @entity4545 were measured. Fifty of 51 @entity1 were identified as responders to @entity4545 . The postoperative @entity701 levels were the same as those obtained by @entity4545 stimulation in highly and moderately stressful surgeries. The increases in postoperative @entity650 and @entity1851 levels were greatest with major surgery, intermediate with moderate surgery, and least with minor surgery. Furthermore, plasma @entity4545 levels increased after major and moderate surgeries; however, there was no significant differences in postoperative serum @entity688 levels. @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) was found in 11 of 17 @entity1 (64.7%) who underwent major surgery and in 4 of 16 @entity1 (25%) who underwent moderate surgery (p=0.037). The duration of @entity1850 was significantly longer in @entity1 undergoing major surgery (62+/-20 hrs) than in @entity1 undergoing moderate surgery (21+/-3 hrs, p=0.038). @entity260 were more frequent in @entity1 undergoing major surgery (41.2%) than in @entity1 undergoing moderate surgery (6.3%, p=0.039). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the length of the postoperative stay among the three groups (p<0.01). One nonresponder had serious postoperative inflammatory complications. These results suggest that a short @entity4545 stimulation test performed preoperatively is a helpful method for determining the maximal @entity701 response to surgical @entity130 and to identify high-risk individuals and that a relative postoperative @entity1887 may be closely related to the decreased @entity701 secretion following major surgical @entity130 .

title: Surgical XXXX -induced @entity1887 is associated with postoperative inflammatory responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis and organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ) has become less frequent as a consequence of massive anti measles vaccination. Early infection or immunological factors could increase the risk of its appearing and of evolved forms of the disease. CASE REPORTS: We describe the cases of four @entity1 with fulminating forms of @entity8300 : a @entity1 who had measles at the age of eight months; a male who, without actually suffering the clinical disease, came into contact with measles in the family and, despite having been vaccinated, presented @entity8300 18 months after the contact; a @entity1 aged 4 years and 4 months who had measles at the age of 6 months, and a @entity1 of a similar age who had the illness when he was one year old. They all developed @entity2055 , with focal and generalised neurological signs, @entity3148 with rapid deterioration of language and the cognitive functions. In the four cases, the computerised tomography scans were normal, the electroencephalograms showed bilateral paroxysms and periods of recurrent bioelectrical attenuation. The magnetic resonance images of the four @entity1 revealed @entity75 , and one of the @entity1 presented @entity75 in the cervical spinal cord. The anti measles IgG titres were high in the cerebrospinal fluid. Anti @entity410 drugs were ineffective. In the third and fourth @entity1 , intrathecal intraventricular treatment with interferon did not modify the course of the disease and @entity16 was seen in the subsequent follow up of all the cases. CONCLUSION: As a consequence of vaccination against measles, @entity8300 has become less frequent. Infection of @entity1 , prior to the immunisation stage, can induce @entity8300 with periods of latency that are shorter than usual and with a fast progression of the disease.

title: [ XXXX : fulminant form].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'infants', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperintense lesions', 'disseminated hyperintense lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['SSPE', 'Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic and atonic seizures']

answer: @entity8300 :: (MESH:D013344,Disease) :: ['Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis']


abstract: We hypothesized that @entity32 induced by @entity741 plays a central role in @entity308 -like behavior after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Several experimental approaches that reduce @entity32 also result in attenuation of @entity308 . We have demonstrated that @entity23127 (RvD1), a metabolite of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( @entity5204 ) derived from @entity4600 , diminishes @entity1188 size and neutrophil accumulation in the @entity63 myocardium. The aim of this study is to determine if a single RvD1 injection could alleviate @entity308 in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . @entity583 was induced in @entity35 by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 min. Five minutes before @entity63 or after reperfusion, 0.1  g of RvD1 or vehicle was injected in the left ventricle cavity. Fourteen days after @entity583 , behavioral tests (forced swim test and socialization) were conducted to evaluate @entity308 -like symptoms. RvD1 reduced @entity1188 size in the treated vs. the vehicle group. Animals receiving RvD1 also showed better performance in the forced swim and social interaction tests vs. vehicle controls. These results indicate that a single RvD1 dose, given 5 min before occlusion or 5 min after the onset of reperfusion, @entity308 -like symptoms.

title: XXXX , a metabolite of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'decreases infarct size and attenuates depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity23127 :: (MESH:C518399,Chemical) :: ['Resolvin D1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cannabinoid and endocannabinoid systems have been implicated in several physiological functions including modulation of cognition. In this study we evaluated the effects and interaction between @entity31669 ( @entity31669 ) inhibitor URB597 and @entity13677 receptor agonist WIN55, 212-2 on memory using object recognition and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests. @entity73 was induced by WIN 55, 212-2 administration (1mg/kg, i.p.) 30min before the acquisition trial. URB597 (0.1, 0.3 and 1mg/kg, i.p.) or SR141716A (1mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to @entity35 10min before WIN 55, 212-2 or URB597 respectively. URB597 (0.3 and 1mg/kg) but not 0.1mg/kg induced higher discrimination index (DI) in object recognition test and enhanced memory acquisition in PAL test. The cognitive enhancing effect of URB597 was blocked by a @entity13677 receptor antagonist, SR141716A which at this dose alone had no effect on cognition. WIN55, 212-2 caused @entity73 in both tests. URB597 (0.3 and 1mg/kg) treatment could alleviate the negative influence of WIN 55, 212-2 on cognition and memory. These results indicate URB597 potential to protect against @entity2414 induced by cannabinoid. Therefore, in combination with URB597 beneficial effects, this study suggests that URB597 has recognition and acquisition memory enhancing effects. It may also constitute a novel approach for the treatment of @entity2414 and lead to a better understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying cognition.

title: Effects of URB597 as an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase on WIN55, 212-2-induced learning and @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Learning and memory impairment', 'cognition deficits']

entities_list: @entity31669 :: ('29347(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fatty-acid amide hydrolase', 'FAAH']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'cannabinoid induced memory deficits']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Viability of the cerebral parenchyma is dependent on cerebral blood flow (CBF). The assessment of cerebral perfusion in @entity1 with @entity64 , in a clinically relevant time frame, could be of utmost importance for @entity1 selection before thrombolytic therapy. In individual @entity1 , quantitative mapping of CBF to indicate the severity and potential reversibility of @entity528 can be used to predict which brain tissue will be salvaged with reperfusion or die without it (penumbra), as well as which brain tissue is already infarcted. Recent investigations of perfusion CT have shown major advances in the assessment of @entity64 @entity1 . Perfusion CT offers a number of practical advantages over other cerebral perfusion imaging methods as it can be performed immediately after unenhanced CT, and used, in general, to exclude @entity1779 . It is fast (typical procedure time <5 min) and does not require specialized computer hardware. The accuracy of cerebral perfusion maps has been demonstrated for normal and decreased CBF value by comparison with xenon CT used as a gold standard. Perfusion CT @entity1188 and penumbra maps provide a potential recuperation ratio (PRR) (or Lausanne @entity64 Index), defined as PRR = penumbra/ (penumbra + @entity1188 ). This index is correlated with the improvement of the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) in case of arterial recanalization. Also, the size of the ischaemic area ( @entity1188 + penumbra) is correlated with the NIHSS score on hospital admission. Further studies may demonstrate the use of perfusion CT for the assessment of penumbra dynamics in function-specific brain areas. Perfusion CT is now ready to be used in clinical trials as a decision-making tool to tailor more precisely the thrombolytic therapy to the individual @entity1 .

title: Imaging viable brain tissue with CT scan during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Induction of potent antibody is the goal of many vaccines targeted against @entity281 or @entity5 . Modern vaccine designs that use virus-like particles (VLP) have shown efficacy for prophylactic vaccination against @entity5 in the clinic. Here we used plant viral particles (PVP), which are structurally analogous to VLP, coupled to a weak idiotypic (Id) tumour antigen, as a conjugate vaccine to induce antibody against a @entity19 B-cell malignancy. The Id-PVP vaccine incorporates a natural adjuvant, the viral ssRNA, which acts via @entity6439 . It induced potent protective anti-Id antibody responses in an in vivo @entity19 model, superior to the "gold standard" Id vaccine, with prevalence of the @entity9749 isotype. Combination with alum further increased antibody levels and maintained the @entity9749 bias. Engagement of @entity6439 in vivo was followed by secretion of @entity12419 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and by activation of splenic @entity776 chi conventional dendritic cells. The latter was apparent from up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and from secretion of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including the Th1-governing cytokine IL-12, in keeping with the @entity9749 antibody isotype distribution. PVP conjugates are a novel @entity5 vaccine design, offering an attractive molecular form, similar to VLP, and providing T-cell help. In contrast to VLP, they also incorporate a safe "in-built" ssRNA adjuvant.

title: Plant Virus Particles Carrying Tumour Antigen Activate XXXX and Induce High Levels of Protective Antibody.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['virus-associated cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity6439 :: (170743(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR7']


abstract: @entity4 is a benign lesion of vocal fold affecting subepithelial space. This paper describes the histological features of @entity4 on the basis of an extensive number of cases (203 @entity1 and 58 @entity1 ). In 10 cases the electron microscopic examination was performed. Edema of subepithelial tissue was present in 138(62%) cases. This phenomenon was observed more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p=0.01). In the subepithelial tissue there were a numerous wide vessels with oedematous endothelium. @entity12120 and @entity1141 of epithelium were present in 21(8%) and 16(6%) specimens, respectively. @entity12120 was detected more often in @entity1 than in @entity1 . This relation was close to statistical significance (p=0.055). The presence of @entity75 of the epithelium was correlated with the age of the @entity1 and smoking habit (p=0.0042, p=0.0021). Electron microscopic investigations revealed loosened intercellular junctions and widening of intercellular spaces, especially in basal and spinous layers.

title: Histological and electron microscopic investigation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ["Reinke's edema"]

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['Leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Reinke's edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is the most frequent cause of surgical emergency in pediatric age. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a scoring system, retrospectively applied, to the clinical and laboratory parameters in @entity1 with @entity697 . METHODS: A group of 156 @entity1 admitted for acute @entity490 and operated for appendectomy, in the last 3 years, has been included in the study. The mean age was 8.4 years. The modified Alvarado score has been used as scoring system: white count, neutrophil count, @entity2002 level, body temperature, resistance in the right iliac fossa, length of symptoms, @entity390 / @entity391 . The score has been calculated for each @entity1 . They were subdivided into 3 groups. Group I (score 1-4), no admission; Group II (5-6), admission and observation; Group III (7-10), surgery. This subdivision was then compared with the intraoperative notes. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into 3 groups. Group I, 24 @entity1 (15%); Group II, 34 @entity1 (22%); Group III, 98 @entity1 (63%). On the basis of the intraoperative notes 61 @entity1 had @entity697 and 95 complicated @entity697 . In this last subgroup the score gave a percentage of @entity1 to operate of 90.5%. CONCLUSIONS: With the present work we confirm the utility of a scoring system in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity697 and in our opinion it is a useful system for a first, rapid and economic evaluation in the pediatric emergency department.

title: Utility of a scoring system in the diagnosis of XXXX in pediatric age. A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: A case of postirradiation epithelioid @entity5425 in a 72-year-old @entity1 is reported. She had had right breast conserving surgery, axillary lymph node dissection, and 50 Gy external beam radiation therapy for infiltrating @entity513 . A @entity272 on the irradiated breast appeared 5 years after completion of radiation. @entity5426 was diagnosed in a contralateral axillary mass 8 months later. Light microscopically, the @entity5 was characterized by a sheet-like growth of epithelioid cells with focal vasoformative areas. @entity5 cells were reactive for factor VIII-related antigen, cytokeratin and @entity2280 . Electron microscopically, the @entity5 cells were round with smooth cell borders. They were closely apposed, occasionally forming a small lumen containing single red blood cells or aggregates of platelets. Groups of @entity5 cells were enclosed by an external lamina. The @entity5 cells had abundant cytoplasm with sparse organelles. Rare suggestive Weibel-Palade bodies were present. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in this postirradiation @entity5 were in agreement with previously reported findings in non-irradiation-induced @entity5426 .

title: Postirradiation epithelioid XXXX : a case report with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcoma', 'epithelioid angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

answer: @entity5425 :: (MESH:C536368,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma of the breast']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There are discrepancies among researchers concerning the reliability and use of temporomandibular joint sounds. PURPOSE: This study examined the reliability of mandibular movements and sounds and determined the correlation between movements and sounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mandibular movements of 35 subjects diagnosed with @entity2956 were recorded with 2 CCD cameras, and sounds were recorded bilaterally with Panasonic electret condenser microphones in the ear canal. Subjects performed 3 movements, each repeated 5 times. RESULTS: Reliability of maximum movements across the 5 trials was good to excellent, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) between 0.76 and 0.91 for all movements except protrusion. Temporomandibular sound event counts were reliable for most movements, including vertical @entity1538 , protrusion, and right and left laterotrusion (ICCs between 0.41 and 0.81). Most subjects produced sound events either in 100% or in none of the trials. Reliability for sound events was better during protrusion (ICCs between 0.56 and 0.81) than vertical @entity1538 (ICCs 0.41 to 0.64). Subjects with sound events during vertical @entity1538 (followed by closing) were significantly more likely to have sound events during protrusion (followed immediately by vertical @entity1538 and closing) (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Temporomandibular sound events are generally reliable and warrant study regarding their use in classifying and diagnosing @entity1 with @entity2956 . Condylar translation, which occurs during both vertical @entity1538 and protrusion, appears to have a strong influence on the production of temporomandibular sound events.

title: The influence of mandibular movements on joint sounds in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: Between 1993 and 2000, 24 @entity1 with @entity706 underwent high-dose chemo/radiotherapy and allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Median age was 44 years, median interval from diagnosis to @entity8 was 24 months and the median number of prior lines of treatment was three. Donor source was HLA matched sibling (23) or matched unrelated donor (one). Conditioning therapy was busulfan based in 22 @entity1 and included total body irradiation in two. All @entity1 received i.v. @entity205 and short-course @entity1499 for GVHD prophylaxis. Nineteen @entity1 are alive, a median of 2.3 years post @entity8 . @entity204 occurred due to transplant complications in four @entity1 and one @entity1 died of a @entity64 10 months post @entity8 . No @entity1 have relapsed. The overall and progression-free survival was 78% (95% CI 63-97). Allogeneic @entity8 for @entity1 with progressive @entity706 is feasible and may result in prolonged disease-free survival.

title: Allogeneic XXXX for progressive @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic stem cell transplantation', 'HSCT']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic stem cell transplantation']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: A @entity5 -negative sentinel node (SN) does not eliminate the chance of @entity320 recurrence. Patterns of @entity3 can be identified and characterized in @entity1 with @entity5 -negative SNs. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: @entity320 referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 who underwent lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy between 1995 and 2002 and whose SNs were negative for @entity3 by @entity1710 - @entity1711 and immunohistochemistry staining were included in the study. The SN specimens from @entity1 with recurrent disease were reexamined for missed @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in survival related to sites of recurrence and the rate of false-negative histopathologic SN diagnosis were determined. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 36.7 months, 69 (8.9%) of 773 @entity1 with @entity5 -negative SNs had recurrent disease. Three-year survival after first recurrence was 17.1% in the 37 @entity1 with distant recurrence, 48.7% in the 19 @entity1 with local or in-transit recurrence, and 63.5% in the 13 @entity1 with regional basin recurrence; the difference in survival between @entity1 with local or regional and distant recurrences was statistically significant (P<.001). Histopathologic reexamination of SNs from the 69 @entity1 identified 9 @entity1 with false-negative SNs; 2 of these had same-basin recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: The SN is a valuable prognostic indicator because only 8.9% of @entity1 with @entity5 -negative SNs will develop recurrence. The low incidence (1.7%) of regional basin recurrence in @entity1 with negative SNs supports the accuracy of our current method of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy to identify occult regional nodal basin @entity3 .

title: XXXX recurrence patterns after negative sentinel lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is one of the most common disorders seen by gastroenterologists. Visceral hypersensitivity is now well recognized as a clinical marker for the disease. Intrarectal @entity3303 has been previously shown to decrease @entity158 report from @entity5584 in @entity1 with @entity1744 without any significant serum @entity3303 levels. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, crossover trial on 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 to evaluate the effects of 300 mg intrarectal @entity3303 jelly on @entity490 . Ten Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 who met the Rome II criteria for @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 were recruited into the study. All of the @entity1 that participated had intermittent left lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity294 . Each @entity1 participated in 2 sessions in which saline jelly (placebo) and @entity3303 jelly was administered on a double-blind, crossover basis. @entity1 participated in these sessions at a time when their ongoing @entity158 was at least 3 on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. In comparison to placebo saline jelly, @entity3303 jelly significantly decreased @entity490 (P < .02) for at least 4 hours. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects. Intrarectal @entity3303 may be a potentially useful treatment for chronic @entity490 in @entity1744 . PERSPECTIVE: The possible presence of abnormal @entity1372 channels in the rectal and or colonic visceral afferents of @entity1 with @entity1744 might serve as a clue as to the effectiveness of rectal @entity3303 . The dose of @entity3303 used in this study may be of sufficient strength to normalize aberrant @entity1372 channels that may be present in the colon of @entity1 with @entity1744 without affecting normal @entity1372 channels of either @entity1744 or control subjects.

title: Intrarectal @entity3303 is an effective treatment for @entity490 associated with XXXX -predominant @entity1744 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal distension']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between dietary macronutrient intakes and age-related changes in cognitive functions. METHODS: We investigated these associations in the prevalence survey (1992 through 1993) of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA). The population-based sample of 5,632 subjects of the ILSA, age 65 to 84 years, was identified from the electoral rolls of eight Italian municipalities. In this study, standardized test batteries assessing global cognitive functions (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), selective attention (Digit Cancellation Test [DCT]), and episodic memory (Babcock Story Recall Test), and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire evaluating macronutrient energy intakes, were performed on 278 nondemented elderly subjects from the randomized cohort of Casamassima, Bari (n = 704). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) energy intake and @entity73 (MMSE < 24). The effect of education on the odds of having a MMSE score <24 decreased exponentially with the increase of @entity8981 intakes (over 2,400 kJ; odds ratio, 0.69). Moreover, a significant inverse association was observed between @entity8981 intakes and DCT score (odds ratio, 0.99). No association was found between nutritional variables and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS: In an elderly population of Southern Italy with a typical Mediterranean diet, high @entity8981 intakes appeared to be protective against age-related @entity73 . Prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the impact of specific dietary macronutrient intakes on the age-related changes of cognitive functions.

title: High @entity6221 intake protects against age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: Few sweetener intake studies have been performed on the general population and only one study has been specifically designed to investigate @entity6 and @entity1 . This report describes a Swedish study on the estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, @entity14006 , @entity28056 and @entity8021 by @entity1 (0-15 years) and adult male and female @entity6 (types I and II) of various ages (16-90 years). Altogether, 1120 @entity1 were asked to complete a questionnaire about their sweetener intake. The response rate (71%, range 59-78%) was comparable across age and gender groups. The most consumed 'light' foodstuffs were diet soda, cider, fruit syrup, table powder, table tablets, table drops, ice cream, chewing gum, throat lozenges, sweets, yoghurt and @entity620 . The major sources of sweetener intake were beverages and table powder. About 70% of the @entity1 , equally distributed across all age groups, read the manufacturer's specifications of the food products' content. The estimated intakes showed that neither @entity1 nor @entity1 exceeded the ADI for acesulfame-K; however, using worst-case calculations, high intakes were found in young @entity1 (169% of ADI). In general, the @entity14006 intake was low. @entity1 had the highest estimated (worst case) intake of @entity28056 (317% of ADI). @entity1 's estimated intake of @entity8021 only slightly exceeded the ADI at the 5% level for fruit syrup. @entity1 had an unexpected high intake of tabletop sweeteners, which, in Sweden, is normally based on @entity28056 . The study was performed during two winter months when it can be assumed that the intake of sweeteners was lower as compared with during warm, summer months. Thus, the present study probably underestimates the average intake on a yearly basis. However, our worst-case calculations based on maximum permitted levels were performed on each individual sweetener, although exposure is probably relatively evenly distributed among all sweeteners, except for @entity28056 containing table sweeteners.

title: Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, @entity14006 , XXXX and @entity8021 in a group of Swedish @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'Children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28056 :: ('MESH:D003494', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclamate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity14006 :: ('MESH:D001218', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartame']

answer: @entity28056 :: (MESH:D003494,Chemical) :: ['cyclamate']


abstract: @entity5 and @entity652 of the @entity2172 are rare neoplasms of indeterminate relationship to one another. Indeed, the literature is devoid of a large comprehensive series that evaluates the clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features of these @entity5 and their potential relationship. Forty-eight cases of @entity2172 between 1970 and 1995 were identified in the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. All cases were evaluated for cytomorphology and architectural pattern, in addition to their reactivity with various immunohistochemical reagents. Clinical follow-up was also obtained. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed with an eye toward correlating any distinct differences or similarities between @entity5 and @entity652 of the @entity2172 . The @entity1 included 21 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 , aged 20 to 80 years (mean, 45.0 y). @entity1 experienced @entity393 , mass, and/or @entity158 for a mean duration of 1.7 years. The mean @entity5 size was 0.8 cm, with six @entity5 extending beyond the @entity2172 . Histologically, the @entity5 were moderately cellular and unencapsulated, arranged in glandular, trabecular, and solid patterns composed of small cells with "salt and pepper" nuclear chromatin distribution. The @entity5 cells were immunoreactive with keratin, @entity5822 , chromogranin, and @entity1 pancreatic polypeptide. All @entity1 had surgery. No @entity1 died with their disease (mean follow-up, 15.7 y). Eight @entity1 developed recurrences that were treated surgically and were without evidence of disease at last follow-up (mean, 15.1 y). Our study and the review of the literature showed @entity652 and @entity5 of the @entity2172 to be essentially indistinguishable @entity5 . @entity2172 most correctly describes their morphologic features and clinical behavior, although neuroendocrine @entity652 of the @entity2172 may be a more accurate designation.

title: XXXX of the @entity2172 : a study of 48 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear', 'Middle ear adenoma', 'middle ear adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'Carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenoma versus carcinoid tumor']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the relationship between @entity948 and @entity1132 consumption and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) symptoms in 50-year-old adults residing in Canterbury, New Zealand. METHODS: The @entity283 ( @entity283 ) study is a study of 50-year-old Cantabrians. A 4-day estimated food and beverage diary (FBD) was completed by 227 @entity1 , 75.7% of those recruited. The Birmingham @entity1744 symptom questionnaire was administered and individual @entity1 scores were calculated for @entity1142 , @entity294 , @entity158 score, and total symptom score. Associations between symptoms and the intake of @entity948 and @entity1132 were examined using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Greater mean daily intakes of @entity948 (P=0.05) and @entity1132 (P=0.04) were associated with a lower prevalence of @entity2531 after adjusting for demographics and social economic status. However there was no evidence of an association with @entity1142 , @entity294 or total @entity1744 score. CONCLUSIONS: Although our data show inverse relationships between @entity948 and @entity1132 intakes and @entity2531 , the use of cross-sectional data do not allow us to determine causality in these relationships. However it is possible that @entity1 may have reduced their intake of @entity948 and @entity1132 in response to @entity1744 related @entity158 . Follow up of this cohort would allow us to determine if this is the case. Future research could also investigate whether @entity1 with @entity1744 could benefit from guidance from a dietitian around consumption of high @entity1132 or @entity948 -containing foods.

title: Relationship between XXXX and @entity1132 intakes and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of 50-year-old Cantabrians in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['CHALICE', 'Canterbury Health Ageing and Life Course']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['IBS pain symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity948 :: (MESH:D005632,Chemical) :: ['fructose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , published data suggest that glycemic control can be achieved as effectively with an inhaled insulin regimen (preprandial inhaled intrapulmonary insulin plus a single bedtime Ultralente injection) as with a conventional subcutaneous insulin regimen involving 2 to 3 injections per day. It is unknown whether inhalation delivery of insulin improves @entity1 satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare @entity1 satisfaction between an inhaled insulin regimen and a subcutaneous insulin regimen. METHODS: This was a 12-week randomized, open-label, parallel-group, controlled trial in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . They were randomized to receive either a subcutaneous insulin regimen (split/mixed insulin with 2 to 3 injections daily) or an inhaled insulin regimen (inhaled insulin before meals and a single Ultralente insulin injection at bedtime). Change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 12 was the study's primary end point. At baseline and week 12, @entity1 completed a questionnaire ( @entity1 Satisfaction with Insulin Therapy Questionnaire) covering attributes of @entity1 satisfaction. Treatment regimens were compared on each item with the Wilcoxon rank sum test and on the overall score with a t test. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 (age range, 35-65 years) participated in the study, 26 receiving inhaled insulin and 25 receiving subcutaneous insulin. Forty-seven @entity1 (22 inhaled insulin, 25 subcutaneous insulin) completed the satisfaction questionnaire. The mean percent improvement in overall satisfaction with an inhaled insulin regimen (31%; 95% CI, 14-50) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that with a subcutaneous insulin regimen (13%; 95% CI, 7-19). Increases in overall satisfaction correlated with improvements in glycemic control (r = 0.30; P < 0.05). Both treatment regimens experienced a mean HbA1c reduction of approximately 0.7%. Although @entity1 satisfaction was the chief focus of this article, these results should be considered exploratory, as the trial was powered prospectively for HbA1c values (the primary end point) and not for @entity1 satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of an inhaled insulin regimen may offer the first practical, noninvasive alternative to insulin injections. In the @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 studied, an inhaled insulin regimen with the need for only 1 subcutaneous injection at bedtime appeared to offer more ease of use, comfort, and convenience, as well as greater overall satisfaction, than a subcutaneous insulin regimen of 2 to 3 injections daily.

title: Treatment satisfaction in @entity164 2 XXXX : a comparison between an inhaled insulin regimen and a subcutaneous insulin regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite numerous developed drugs based on @entity413 metabolism interventions for treatment of age-related diseases such as @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ), @entity3949 are still increasing in @entity1 with @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 (T1D, @entity2175 ). We aimed to identify novel candidates in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and pancreas with @entity2175 for targeting to develop new drugs for @entity3949 therapy. @entity1386 displayed 15 (e.g. @entity67934 up-regulated and @entity10236 down-regulated) and @entity2175 showed 10 (e.g. @entity5266 up-regulated, @entity23083 and @entity1675 down-regulated) highly differentially expressed genes with neuronal functions as compared to control tissues. ELISA was blindly performed to measure proteins of 5 most differentially expressed genes in 41 @entity1 subjects. @entity67934 protein was upregulated, @entity23083 and @entity1675 were down-regulated, and @entity5266 remained unchanged in 1- Obese and 2- @entity28 without insulin, @entity10236 protein was higher in these two groups as well as in group 3- @entity28 receiving insulin than 4-lean subjects. Interaction networks analysis of these 5 genes showed several metabolic pathways (e.g. lipid metabolism and insulin signaling).Pancreas is a novel site for @entity1675 synthesis. @entity10236 is synthesized in @entity1386 and could be considered as good diagnostic, and even prognostic, marker for age-induced @entity28 and @entity2175 . This study provides new targets for rational drugs development for the therapy of age-related @entity3949 .

title: Age-related @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 dysregulate neuronal associated genes and proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['diseases obesity', 'Obese-T2D']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes neuropathies', 'DNs']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT-T2D', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rituximab, a chimeric antibody directed against @entity2225 , has a high therapeutic value in refractory/relapsed low-grade or follicular B-cell @entity1893 as a monotherapy or in combination with polychemotherapy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the clinical activity and @entity137 of a schedule foreseeing the use of intravenous @entity2408 preceded by single-dose @entity786 in the treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity1892 who progressed and relapsed after chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 7 @entity1 were treated; 4 had both @entity75 and nodal or visceral involvement. All the @entity1 had been previously treated with at least 1 standard chemotherapy regimen, and 4 with 2 or more, with a median response duration of 8 months. Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections was performed with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity2225 , @entity9819 , and @entity1009 before rituximab treatment. RESULTS: The overall objective response rate was 85.7%, with a complete response in 5 @entity1 ; treatment was well tolerated in all cases. After a median follow-up of 13 months, 2 @entity1 showed a cutaneous relapse. The response durations of the remaining @entity1 who were disease-free are now 5, 7, 17, and 18 months. No relationship was found between @entity9819 and @entity1009 expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Although a longer follow-up period is needed to confirm these data, our results are encouraging, particularly in terms of disease-free survival.

title: Systemic therapy with @entity786 and anti- XXXX antibody (rituximab) in relapsed primary @entity1892 : a report of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising targets for engineering of CHO cell factories to enhance recombinant protein productivity. Manipulation of miRNA levels in CHO cells have been shown to improve product yield by increasing proliferation and specific productivity (qP), resisting apoptosis and enhancing oxidative metabolism. We previously demonstrated that over-expressing miR-92a results in increases in qP and titer of CHO-IgG cells. However, the mechanisms by which miR-92a enhances qP in CHO cells are still uninvestigated. Here, we report the identification of @entity27334 , a regulator of @entity165 biosynthesis, as a target of miR-92a using computational prediction. Both transient and stable over-expression of miR-92a decreased the expression levels of @entity27334 . @entity27334 was further validated as a target of miR-92a using 3' UTR reporter assay. Intracellular @entity165 concentration of two high-producing miR-92a clones were significantly increased by ~30% compared to the blank-transfected pool. Relative Golgi surface area was also found to be 18-26% higher in these clones. Our findings suggest that miR-92a may affect @entity165 metabolism by repressing @entity27334 , resulting in raised intracellular @entity165 levels and Golgi volume and hence enhanced protein secretion.

title: miR-92a enhances recombinant protein productivity in CHO cells by increasing intracellular XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Here we report a rare case of @entity19634 in a @entity1 with @entity356 with multiple intramural @entity3 and metastasis to the small intestine. A 70 year-old male complaining of @entity1277 and weight loss of 7 kg within 3 months was admitted to hospital. Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy revealed an advanced @entity356 at the pylorus almost occluding the outlet of the stomach, and multiple ulcerative lesions throughout the stomach. A biopsy showed poorly differentiated @entity420 . The @entity1 underwent total gastrectomy. During surgery, part of the distal ileum was found to be abnormally firm and approximately 1 m of the ileum with the cecum colon was resected. Pathologic examination confirmed poorly differentiated @entity420 at the pylorus and multiple intramural @entity3 in most other areas of the stomach. Lymph node @entity3 were confirmed in 12 out of 40 harvested regional lymph nodes including one positive paraaortic lymph node. The resected ileum contained @entity5 with @entity1066 . Massive lymphatic invasion in the stomach and the small intestine was observed, which strongly suggested lymphatic spread of the @entity356 . The @entity1 was discharged on post-operative day 21; however, 2 months after surgery, he developed @entity1031 and died 2 weeks later.

title: @entity356 with multiple intramural XXXX and metastasis to the small intestine which eventually developed @entity19634 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ["Trousseau's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebral thromboembolisms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Excessive coughing is a common feature of @entity1030 . Different G-protein coupled receptors, including b2-adrenergic receptors ( @entity2162 ), have been implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying the cough reflex. However, the potential antitussive property of @entity2162 agonists in @entity1 with @entity1576 is a matter of ongoing debate. The aim of our study was to test the efficacy of the long-acting @entity2162 agonist olodaterol with regard to its antitussive property in a pre-clinical model of citric acid-induced cough in @entity840 and to compare the results to different clinically relevant @entity2162 agonists. In our study @entity2162 agonists were intratracheally administered, as dry powder, into the lungs of na  ve or ovalbumin-sensitized @entity840 15 minutes prior to induction of cough by exposure to citric acid. Cough events were counted over 15 minutes during the citric acid exposure. Olodaterol dose-dependently inhibited the number of cough events in na  ve and even more potently and with a greater maximal efficacy in ovalbumin-sensitized @entity840 (p < 0.01). Formoterol and salmeterol showed a trend towards reducing cough. On the contrary, indacaterol demonstrated pro-tussive properties as it significantly increased the number of coughs, both in na  ve and ovalbumin-sensitized animals (p < 0.001). In conclusion, olodaterol, at doses eliciting bronchodilation, showed antitussive properties in a model of citric acid-induced cough in na  ve and ovalbumin-sensitized @entity840 . This is in agreement with pre-clinical and clinical studies showing antitussive efficacy of @entity2162 agonists. Indacaterol increased the number of coughs in this model, which concurs with clinical data where a transient cough has been observed after indacaterol inhalation. While the antitussive properties of @entity2162 agonists can be explained by their ability to lead to the cAMP-induced hyperpolarization of the neuron membrane thereby inhibiting sensory nerve activation and the cough reflex, the mechanism underlying the pro-tussive property of indacaterol is not known.

title: Olodaterol Attenuates Citric Acid-Induced Cough in Na  ve and Ovalbumin-Sensitized and Challenged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Guinea Pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery is accepted as an alternative for @entity1 with refractory trigeminal @entity9 , but existing evidence is fundamentally based on the Gamma Knife, which is a specific device for intracranial neurosurgery, available in few facilities. Over the last decade it has been shown that the use of linear accelerators can achieve similar diagnostic accuracy and equivalent dose distribution. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of linear-accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of @entity1 with refractory trigeminal @entity9 . METHODS: We carried out a systematic search of the literature in the main electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane, Biomed Central, IBECS, IME, @entity1509 ) and reviewed grey literature. All original studies on the subject published in Spanish, French, English, and Portuguese were eligible for inclusion. The selection and critical assessment was carried out by 2 independent reviewers based on pre-defined criteria. In view of the impossibility of carrying out a pooled analysis, data were analyzed in a qualitative way. RESULTS: Eleven case series were included. In these, satisfactory @entity158 relief (BIN I-IIIb or reduction in @entity158 = 50) was achieved in 75% to 95.7% of the @entity1 treated. The mean time to relief from @entity158 ranged from 8.5 days to 3.8 months. The percentage of @entity1 who presented with recurrences after one year of follow-up ranged from 5% to 28.8%. @entity4 or @entity1183 , mostly of a mild-moderate grade appeared in 7.5% - 51.9% of the @entity1 . Complete anaesthesia dolorosa was registered in only study (5.3%). Cases of @entity393 (2.5%), brainstem @entity4 (5.8%), and @entity2057 (3.5%) were also isolated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that stereotactic radiosurgery with linear accelerators could constitute an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for drug-resistant trigeminal @entity9 . However, existing studies leave important doubts as to optimal treatment doses or the therapeutic target, long-term recurrence, and do not help identify which subgroups of @entity1 could most benefit from this technique. LIMITATIONS: Paucity of literature and clear lack of clarification for clinical utilization of this technique.

title: Linear Accelerator Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keratoplasty']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Facial swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuralgia']


abstract: @entity19 tooth germ development is currently studied by three main approaches: in wild-type and mutant @entity19 lines, after transplantation of tooth germs to ectopic sites, and in organ culture. The in vivo approaches are the most physiological but do not provide accessibility to tooth germs for further experimental manipulation. Organ cultures, although readily accessible, do not sustain full tooth germ development and are appropriate for short-term analysis. Thus, we sought to establish a new approach that would combine experimental accessibility with sustained development. We implanted fragments of embryonic day 12 @entity19 embryo first branchial arch containing early bud stage tooth germs into the lateral mesenchyme of day 4-5 @entity1573 embryo wing buds in ovo. Eggs were reincubated, and implanted tissues were examined by histochemistry and in situ hybridization over time. The tooth germs underwent seemingly normal growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. They reached the cap, bell, and crown stages in approximately 3, 6, and 10 days, respectively, mimicking in a striking manner native temporal patterns. To examine mechanisms regulating tooth germ development, we first implanted tooth germ fragments, microinjected them with neutralizing antibodies to the key signaling molecule @entity6832 ( @entity6832 ), and examined them over time. Tooth germ development was markedly delayed, as revealed by poor morphogenesis and lack of mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts displaying characteristic traits such as an elongated cell shape, nuclear relocalization, and amelogenin gene expression. These phenotypic changes began to be reversed upon further incubation. The data show that the limb bud represents an effective, experimentally accessible as well as economical system for growth and analysis of developing tooth germs. The inhibitory effects of @entity6832 neutralizing antibody treatment are discussed in relation to roles of this signaling pathway proposed by this and other groups previously.

title: @entity1573 limbs with XXXX teeth: an effective in vivo culture system for tooth germ development and analysis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Variants of the @entity1534 cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) and certain virulence genotypes have been proposed to be associated with different @entity1819 . In the present study, we designed a new PCR-based strategy to investigate the intactness of cagPAI in Iranian @entity1 using highly specific primer sets spanning the cagPAI region. The possible relationship between the cagPAI status of the strains and clinical outcomes was also determined. We also characterized virulence genotypes (cagL, cagA, vacA, babA2 and sabA) and variants of CagA EPIYA motifs in these strains. @entity1534 was detected in 61 out of 126 @entity1 with various @entity66 . The cagL, cagA, vacA s1m1, vacA s1m2, vacA s2m2, babA2, and sabA genotypes were detected in 96.7%, 85.2%, 29.5%, 45.9%, 24.6%, 96.7%, and 83.6% of the strains, respectively. Among the 52 cagA-positive strains, EPIYA motifs ABC, ABCC, ABCCC, and mixed types were orderly detected in the 39, 7, 1, and 5 strains. The cagPAI positivity included both intact and partially deleted, with the overall frequencies of 70.5% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of the strains from @entity1 with PUD (87.5%), @entity356 (83.3%) and @entity5 (80%) presented an intact cagPAI, while a lower frequency of cagPAI intactness was detected in @entity3621 @entity1 (61.1%). However, no significant relationship was found between the possession of intact cagPAI and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we found that cagA and vacA s1m1 genotypes were significantly correlated with intact cagPAI (P=0.015 and P=0.012). A significant correlation was also found between EPIYA-ABC and intact cagPAI (P=0.010). The proposed PCR-based scheme was found to be useful for determining the intactness of cagPAI. Our findings also indicate that the cagPAI appears to be intact and rather conserved in majority of Iranian strains. Finally, our study proposed that @entity1534 strains with partially deleted cagPAI were less likely to cause @entity66 in comparison with those carrying intact cagPAI.

title: Analysis of the intactness of XXXX cag pathogenicity island in Iranian strains by a new PCR-based strategy and its relationship with virulence genotypes and EPIYA motifs.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe diseases', 'gastroduodenal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric erosion']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determination of the emotional burden of the first IVF or ICSI treatment cycle, the effect of the treatment on the marital relationship, and the course of the treatment following a failed and a successful first attempt. DESIGN: Descriptive longitudinal study with repeated measures before and after the first treatment cycle. METHOD: 240 @entity1 and 219 @entity1 filled in questionnaires both before and after the first treatment cycle in the area of @entity148 , @entity308 , and the marital relationship (as measured with the 'Spielberger state trait @entity148 inventory' (STAI), the 'Beck @entity308 inventory for primary care' (BDI-PC) and the 'Maudsley marital questionnaire' (MMQ), respectively), as well as their plans for further treatment. RESULTS: After a first failed treatment cycle, both @entity1 and @entity1 showed an increase in @entity308 , while @entity1 also showed increased @entity148 . No differences were found between pre- and post-treatment levels of @entity148 and @entity308 after a successful treatment. After the first failed cycle, almost 13% of the @entity1 showed clinically relevant forms of @entity308 . There was an increase in dissatisfaction with the sexual relationship in both @entity1 and @entity1 regardless of the success of the treatment. Before the start of the first treatment cycle, 2% of the couples had no intention to undergo further treatment if the first cycle failed; none of these couples started a new cycle. Ultimately, 18% of the couples refrained from further treatment following a failed first treatment cycle. CONCLUSION: After a failed first treatment cycle the couples showed an increase in @entity308 and one in eight @entity1 had a clinically relevant form of @entity308 . More than one out of every 6 couples decided to refrain from further treatment after a failed first cycle.

title: [The emotional burden of artificial insemination: increased @entity148 and XXXX following an unsuccessful treatment].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The incidence of @entity11986 ( @entity11986 ) has increased along with increases in the prevalence of @entity66 and intravascular procedures. @entity11986 frequently results in the deterioration of renal function, which sometimes leads to @entity454 . Although there has been no established therapy for @entity11986 , the possibility that low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) is an effective therapy for renal @entity11986 was previously reported. However, whether LDL-A improves renal @entity11986 remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LDL-A in renal @entity11986 @entity1 . Twelve renal @entity11986 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , mean age 70.6      1.7  years) were included in this retrospective study. All @entity1 had received LDL-A therapy, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values were examined before and after LDL-A. In addition, monthly changes in eGFR before and after LDL-A were calculated for each @entity1 . At initial diagnosis of renal @entity11986 , the eGFR was 35.2      4.8  mL/min/1.73  m(2). At the initiation of LDL-A, the eGFR significantly decreased to 11.0      1.2  mL/min/1.73  m(2), and monthly changes in eGFR reached -7.2      2.5  mL/min/1.73  m(2)/month. After the initiation of LDL-A, the progression of @entity8 stabilized in nearly two-thirds of @entity1 , and monthly changes in eGFR after LDL-A significantly diminished to -0.3      0.7  mL/min/1.73  m(2)/month (p  <  0.05 vs. before LDL-A). Although 4 @entity1 had to undergo hemodialysis, all @entity1 were alive over 1  year after the initiation of LDL-A. LDL-A therapy ameliorated @entity8 in renal @entity11986 @entity1 .

title: Low-density lipoprotein apheresis ameliorates monthly estimated glomerular filtration rate declines in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11986 :: ('MESH:D017700', 'Disease') :: ['cholesterol crystal embolism', 'CCE']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cholesterol crystal embolism']


abstract: The mature root system is a vital plant organ, which is critical to plant performance. Commercial @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) breeding has resulted in a steady increase in plant performance over time, along with noticeable changes in above ground vegetative traits, but the corresponding changes in the root system are not presently known. In this study, roughly 2500 core root systems from field trials of a set of 10 diverse elite inbreds formerly protected by Plant Variety Protection plus B73 and Mo17 and the 66 diallel intercrosses among them were evaluated for root traits using high throughput image-based phenotyping. Overall root architecture was modeled by @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) and stem diameter (SD), while root complexity, the amount of root branching, was quantified using fractal analysis to obtain values for fractal dimension (FD) and fractal abundance (FA). For each trait, per se line effects were highly significant and the most important contributor to trait performance. Mid-parent heterosis and specific combining ability was also highly significant for FD, FA, and @entity5513 , while none of the traits showed significant general combining ability. The interaction between the environment and the additive line effect was also significant for all traits. Within the inbred and hybrid generations, FD and FA were highly correlated (rp  >=   0.74), SD was moderately correlated to FD and FA (0.69  >=   rp  >=   0.48), while the correlation between @entity5513 and other traits was low (0.13  >=   rp  >=   -0.40). Inbreds with contrasting effects on complexity and architecture traits were observed, suggesting that root complexity and architecture traits are inherited independently. A more comprehensive understanding of the @entity2829 root system and the way it interacts with the environment will be useful for defining adaptation to nutrient acquisition and tolerance to stress from drought and high plant densities, critical factors in the yield gains of modern hybrids.

title: Characterization of mature @entity2829 ( XXXX .) root system architecture and complexity in a diverse set of Ex-PVP inbreds and hybrids.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays L']