abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate phenotypic drug susceptibility and non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor hypersusceptibility as predictors of the time to virological failure. DESIGN: In a randomized clinical trial, phenotypic susceptibility was retrospectively determined among 131 exclusively @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-experienced @entity1 with baseline @entity645 -RNA levels greater than 2000 copies/ml. Subjects were assigned two NRTI drugs and were randomly assigned to @entity5191 , efavirenz, or both. Virological failure was defined as two @entity645 -RNA measurements of 2000 copies/ml or greater at or after week 16 and before treatment discontinuation. METHODS: Using biological cut-offs to define resistance, assigned NRTI and randomized drug regimens, continuous and dichotomous @entity1668 ( @entity1668 ) were calculated for each virus. Efavirenz hypersusceptibility as a dichotomous value was defined as less than 0.4-fold resistance. Associations between virological failure and continuous and @entity1668 were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: A higher baseline viral load (P < 0.02) and lower dichotomous or continuous baseline @entity1668 (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively) were independently associated with virological failure. In the 85 subjects who received efavirenz, efavirenz hypersusceptibility (P = 0.042, hazard ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.19-0.97) was independently associated with a reduced risk of virological failure. CONCLUSION: Reduced phenotypic susceptibility was a significant independent risk factor for virological failure. The presence of efavirenz hypersusceptibility appeared to enhance virological responses during treatment with efavirenz in combination with NRTIs. The retrospective calculation of continuous @entity1668 accurately identified treatment regimens containing sufficient drug activity to prevent virological failure.

title: Phenotypic susceptibility and virological outcome in @entity2353 -experienced XXXX receiving three or four antiretroviral drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1668 :: ('MESH:D004198', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'dichotomous PSS', 'phenotypic susceptibility scores']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity560 is recognized as a potent immunosuppressive drug. The suppressive effects of @entity560 are attributed to its physiologically active metabolite @entity3873 ( @entity3873 ), which was shown, to prime dendritic cells (DCs) to promote the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Despite the potential benefit in treating @entity792 , clinical application of @entity3873 is hindered by deleterious side effects manifested by @entity2741 and @entity5200 . Conversely, the physiological precursors of @entity3873 , @entity3875 ( @entity3875 ) and its first metabolite @entity14951 ( @entity14951 ) are widely applied in the clinic due to their low calcimic burden. However, the mechanisms by which @entity3875 and @entity14951 may modulate adaptive immunity remain elusive. This prompted us to unravel the immunosuppressive capacity of these precursors by assessing their influence on DC functions and the subsequent polarization of na  ve CD4(+) T cells. In this study we show that, whereas @entity3875 has insignificant effects on DC maturation and cytokine production, it only weakly primed DCs to induce suppressive T cells. However, like @entity3873 , @entity14951 not only exerted an inhibitory effect on DC maturation and cytokine production, and primed DCs to promote the development of suppressive @entity688 -producing Treg cells. Strikingly, in contrast to the population of @entity688 -producing Treg cells induced by @entity3873 -primed DCs, the @entity688 -producing Treg cells induced by @entity14951 -primed DCs exhibited sustained IFN-y production in face of their suppressive capacity. Experiments with the @entity134 synthesis inhibitor @entity3102 indicated that the immunomodulatory features of the precursors are dependent on their conversion into @entity3873 . Collectively, @entity14951 is a potent immune modulator, which may be more adequate than @entity3873 for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, since it is less hypercalcimic. This may be of particular interest for the treatment of @entity56 , where concurrent suppression and sustained IFN-y production by Treg cells effectively counterbalance the Th2-dominated immune responses.

title: @entity3875 metabolite @entity14951 primes human dendritic cells to promote the development of immunomodulatory XXXX -producing T cells.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', '1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy vitamin D3', 'calcidiol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: We examined the effects in male @entity35 of bilateral transection of two nerves previously implicated in erectile function, the viscerocutaneous branch of the pelvic nerve (Vc) and the hypogastric nerve ( @entity37359 ). In Experiment 1 (conducted in Storrs), males underwent simultaneous or successive section of Vc and @entity37359 and were tested for copulation, reflexive erection, and noncontact erection (NCE), i.e. in response to remote cues from estrous females. NCE is considered to be analogous to 'psychogenic' erection in @entity1 , for which the @entity37359 has been ascribed a significant role. In all three types of test, males had a moderate to severe deficit in erectile function after Vc transection. Section of @entity37359 alone had no apparent pro- or anti-erectile effect in any context, nor did it affect the decrement resulting from Vc surgery. Regardless of treatment, all groups retained some erectile potential in each type of test. The loss of bladder function after Vc surgery and of seminal plug deposition after @entity37359 section gave evidence that the targeted nerves were in fact severed. In Experiment 2 (conducted in Xalapa), males were tested only for NCE, but (a) they were tested every 3 days beginning 3 days after each surgery, (b) the interval between the two surgeries was more than 2 weeks, rather than 1 week as in Experiment 1, to allow more time for recovery from general effects of surgery and for hypothetical @entity6314 . In the first test after the first surgery, all groups had a modest reduction in the proportion of males displaying NCE, relative to sham-operated males. However, this deficit did not extend to measures of NCE latency or number, and was absent after the second test. After the second surgery, when all males except those with sham operations had both nerves cut, none of the groups exhibited a significant deficit in NCE, and all groups had at least one test in which at least half the males responded. Thus, (a) @entity37359 section did not significantly impair NCE, reflexive erection, or copulation; (b) Vc section impaired, but did not eliminate, erection in all three contexts, but even those effects may be transient; and (c) transection of both nerves, simultaneously or successively, did not cause a greater impairment in erection than did cutting just the Vc. We infer that the @entity37359 may have no pro-erectile role in erection in @entity35 , even in a model analogous to psychogenic erection. The Vc is probably the most important nerve mediating pro-erectile function in NCE, as in reflexive erection and copulation, but this nerve may not be essential for erection in @entity35 in any context, at least in some males.

title: Peripheral nerves mediating penile erection in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['plasticity of neural function']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies demonstrated a high prevalence of cigarette smoking in @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with acute @entity565 . Despite the clinical and public health importance, there have been no recent multicenter efforts to characterize this @entity1 population. We aimed to update the prevalence of cigarette smoking among @entity341 @entity1 with @entity565 exacerbations. METHODS: Multicenter chart review study of 48 @entity26144 across 23 US states. We identified @entity341 @entity1 aged 18-54 years with @entity565 exacerbations during 2011-2012. We classified @entity1 into three groups based on smoking status: never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to examine independent predictors of being a current smoker. RESULTS: Of 1801 enrolled @entity1 , never smokers accounted for 51% (95%CI, 49%-54%), former smokers 13% (95%CI, 11%-14%), and current smokers 36% (95%CI, 34%-38%). The multivariable model demonstrated several independent predictors for current smoking: older age (age 30-39 and 40-54 years), @entity62 , having public or no insurance, and not having an @entity565 specialist (all P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: This large multicenter study of @entity341 @entity1 with @entity565 exacerbations demonstrated that one in three @entity1 were current smokers. This burden of current smokers has not changed from multicenter findings in the late 1990s. The persistently high burden suggests the inadequacy of current measures to manage @entity286 use in these high-risk @entity1 .

title: Multicenter study of cigarette smoking among adults with @entity565 exacerbations in the XXXX , 2011-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic white or black']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Estimates suggest up to 15% of multiples grow up as singleton survivors. Few studies have reported how bereaved multiple birth mothers with a surviving multiple cope with their bereavement. Using the population-based Western Australian Twin @entity1 Health study database and other sources, we interviewed 66 bereaved mothers with at least one surviving multiple. For many, this contact was the first acknowledgement of their status as multiple birth mothers since their loss. The Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI) showed significant reduction in depression between the time of loss and our interview. For mothers as a group there was a high correlation between current and retrospective BDI, and retrospective BDI and all three @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). There was a significant correlation between the three grief factors on the @entity2653 . When subdivided, this held for mothers who suffered a loss at or before the neonatal period, but not for those whose loss occurred later. Bereaved mothers of multiples scored significantly higher on the @entity2653 than the @entity2653 norm for bereaved mothers of singletons, which we attribute to others not acknowledging their grief, and/or recruitment differences. There were no significant differences in @entity2653 scores related to cause, the time since @entity204 , or sibling number or age. Spiritual beliefs and finding meaning in loss were positively related to scores for adjustment and acceptance. Although traumatised, most mothers accommodated their losses meaningfully in their lives. Their own support recommendations are included.

title: How mothers cope with the XXXX of a twin or higher multiple.

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Perinatal Grief Scales', 'PGS']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine associations of objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with @entity458 outcomes including @entity308 symptoms, @entity148 , and overall satisfaction with life in @entity694 survivors. METHODS: @entity694 survivors (N   =   180) from Alberta, Canada (n   =   91), and Western Australia (n   =   89) completed a mailed survey that assessed @entity308 symptom severity, @entity148 , and satisfaction with life (SWL). Sedentary time and MVPA were assessed using the Actigraph(  ) GT3X+ accelerometer (60-s epochs) via a 7-day monitoring protocol. MVPA and sedentary time were corrected for wear time and then examined as quartiles (Q). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine associations of MVPA and sedentary time with @entity458 . RESULTS: There was a significant association between @entity458 outcomes and objectively assessed MVPA [Wilks'      =   0.886, F(3382.2)   =   2.156, p   =   0.024] that suggested a small and significant association between MVPA and SWL (p   =   0.032). A significant multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) [Wilks'      =   0.945, F(3159)   =   3.1, p   =   0.028] suggested @entity1 meeting guidelines reported significantly fewer @entity148 (M diff   =   -1.23, p   =   0.027) and higher perceptions of SWL (M diff   =   3.0, p   =   0.008). No significant associations emerged for sedentary time [Wilks'      =   0.956, F(9382.3)   =   0.788, p   =   0.628]. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previously published research using self-reports, objectively assessed MVPA and sedentary time were not associated with @entity308 symptoms. Objectively assessed MVPA was associated with SWL and @entity148 outcomes in @entity694 survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: @entity694 survivors should continue to engage in regular and sustained MVPA for the accrual of @entity458 .

title: Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among XXXX survivors: associations with @entity458 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health benefits', 'psychological health']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'state anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Respiratory sinus @entity943 (RSA) has been conceptualized as an index of emotion regulation abilities. Although resting RSA has been associated with both concurrent and prospective affective responses to stress, the impact of RSA reactivity on emotional responses to stress is inconsistent across studies. The type of emotional stimuli used to elicit these phasic RSA responses may influence the adaptive value of RSA reactivity. We propose that RSA reactivity to a personally relevant worry-based stressor might forecast future affective responses to stress. To evaluate whether resting RSA and RSA reactivity to worry inductions predict stress-related @entity101 , an academic stress model was used to prospectively examine changes in @entity458 from the well-defined low- and high-stress periods. During the low-stress period, 76 @entity1 completed self-report mood measures and had their RSA assessed during a resting baseline, free worry period and worry catastrophizing interview. @entity1 completed another mood assessment during the high-stress period. Results indicated that baseline @entity458 predicted larger decreases in RSA during the worry inductions. Lower resting RSA and greater RSA suppression to the worry inductions at baseline prospectively predicted larger @entity101 from the low- to high-stress period, even after accounting for the impact of baseline distress on RSA. These results provide further evidence that RSA may represent a unique index of emotion regulation abilities in times of stress.

title: Respiratory sinus XXXX during worry forecasts stress-related @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 66 Background: Limited data exist for @entity1 who develop local recurrence (LR) following breast conserving therapy (BCT) for early stage @entity0 (ESBC). This study is to evaluate outcomes and predictors of failure following LR in @entity1 treated with BCT. METHODS: 1,654 @entity1 with ESBC underwent BCT from 1980 - 2013 at a single institution. All @entity1 had breast-conserving surgery followed by whole breast irradiation (WBI) or accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Subset analysis was performed for @entity1 who developed LR as a first event. Clinical outcomes analyzed include @entity0 ( @entity0 ), regional recurrence (RR), distant metastases (DM), cause-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Continuous variables were analyzed with an independent samples t-test and categorical variables with   (2). Univariate analysis was performed to determine factors predictive for events after LR. RESULTS: 112 (7%) @entity1 developed LR (87 WBI; 25 APBI), with median time to LR of 6.6 yrs (0.1-28). Median follow-up for the LR group was 14 yrs (0.7-31) overall; 10 (0.7-19) and 16 yrs (1.4-31) for APBI and WBI, respectively (p=0.01). A change from initial to LR pathology was seen for: ER status 21%, PR status 25%, @entity1722 status 13%, grade 38%, histology 40%, and LVSI 38%. Salvage treatment following LR was mastectomy    @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) in 75%, wide local excision    RT in 19%, @entity7730 in 2%, and other in 4%. Outcomes following salvage treatment for LR are shown in the table. No differences were seen in outcomes between @entity1 treated with APBI v WBI. Univariate analysis failed to demonstrate any factors predictive for events following LR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who developed LR following BCT for ESBC had excellent clinical outcomes at 5 and 10 yrs, demonstrating effective salvage treatment in this cohort of @entity1 . No differences were noted between @entity1 undergoing APBI v WBI. Further identification of histopathologic patterns between first @entity5 and LR is currently underway. [Table: see text].

title: Outcomes after local recurrence following breast-conserving therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast failure', 'breast cancer', 'CLBF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that @entity1502 , a @entity749 , can prevent or ameliorate @entity1161 in animals and @entity1 . @entity5834 is a commonly consumed @entity749 that provides a model for evaluating the impact of this category of drugs on @entity1161 . A retrospective study was undertaken to determine if there is an association between @entity5834 consumption and a lower incidence of late @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 through 1990, 82 @entity1 with cervical @entity5 and 53 @entity1 with @entity1204 were treated with primary or adjuvant radiation therapy at the University of Washington. @entity1 were interviewed regarding ingestion of @entity5834 -containing beverages, and average daily @entity5834 consumption during the time of radiotherapy was estimated. The evaluable @entity1 (42 cervical, 31 endometrial) were stratified by quantity of @entity5834 consumption for correlation with the incidence of @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity6937 was not associated with @entity5834 consumption for cervical or @entity1204 . There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward a decrease in overall late @entity137 with increased @entity5834 intake for cervical @entity5 @entity1 . Subgroup analysis revealed this trend to be attributable to a decreased incidence of severe @entity1161 in cervical @entity5 @entity1 who consumed higher levels of @entity5834 at the time of their radiotherapy (p = 0.02). This relationship was not observable for late @entity137 in the @entity1204 @entity1 due to the low incidence of severe @entity130 following radiation for that disease. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation is supportive of previous studies showing a radioprotective effect for @entity1502 , and suggests that the mechanisms of radioprotection may be common to @entity13318 as a drug class.

title: XXXX consumption is associated with decreased severe late @entity137 after radiation to the pelvis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'radiation toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury', 'late radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['late injury']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity749 :: ('MESH:C008514', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity13318 :: ('CHEBI:25348', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthines']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['Acute radiation toxicity']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['Caffeine']


abstract: A stochastic spreadsheet model was developed to obtain estimates of the costs of whole herd testing on dairy farms for @entity3069 . @entity3068 (Map) with pooled fecal samples. The optimal pool size was investigated for 2 scenarios, prevalence (a low-prevalence herd [< or = 5%] and a high-prevalence herd [> 5%]) and for different herd sizes (100-, 250-, 500- and 1,000- @entity291 herds). All adult animals in the herd were sampled, and the samples of the individuals were divided into equal sized pools. When a pool tested positive, the manure samples of the animals in the pool were tested individually. The individual samples from a negative pool were assumed negative and not tested individually. Distributions were used to model the uncertainty about the sensitivity of the fecal culture at farm level and Map prevalence. The model randomly allocated a disease status to the @entity291 (not shedding, low Map shedder, moderate Map shedder, and heavy Map shedder) on the basis of the expected prevalence in the herd. Pooling was not efficient in 100- @entity291 and 250- @entity291 herds with low prevalence because the probability to detect a map infection in these herds became poor (53% and 88%) when samples were pooled. When samples were pooled in larger herds, the probability to detect at least 1 (moderate to heavy) shedder was > 90%. The cost reduction as a result of pooling varied from 43% in a 100- @entity291 herd with a high prevalence to 71% in a 1,000- @entity291 herd with a low prevalence. The optimal pool size increased with increasing herd size and varied from 3 for a 500- @entity291 herd with a low prevalence to 5 for a 1,000- @entity291 herd with a high prevalence.

title: Pooled fecal culture sampling for @entity3069 . XXXX at different herd sizes and prevalence.

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 after spinal anesthesia is a common complication is @entity1 undergoing this procedure. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous @entity701 in the treatment of @entity10 after spinal anesthesia in @entity1 who have undergone cesarean section. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity10 after spinal anesthesia were included. @entity1 randomly allocated into two groups, 30 @entity1 received only conventional therapy (complete bed rest, hydration, @entity1443 and @entity6882 ). Other 30 @entity1 received conventional therapy plus intravenous @entity701 (200 mg first, then 100 mg TID for 48 hours). Mean (+/- SD) of @entity10 intensity at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours after beginning of treatment was measured using visual analog scale. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity10 intensity between two groups before beginning of treatment. After 6 hours, the mean of @entity10 intensity in 30 @entity1 treated conventionally was 6.63 (+/- 1.35) while it was 2.77 (+/- 1.07) in other @entity1 received intravenous @entity701 too (p <0.001). After 24 hours, mean @entity10 intensity was 3.87 (+/- 1.63) in conventionally treated group versus 0.73 (+/- 0.74) in @entity701 group (p <0.001). After 48 hours, mean @entity10 intensity was 1.87 (+/- 0.93) in conventionally treated group versus 0.63 (+/- 0.61) in @entity701 group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the therapeutic effects of intravenous @entity701 in reducing @entity10 after spinal anesthesia in @entity1 who underwent cesarean section. Its mechanism of action is yet to be determined.

title: Evaluation of intravenous XXXX in reducing @entity10 after spinal anesthesia: a double blind controlled clinical study [corrected].

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: @entity65826 / @entity65826 is a putative oncogene of luminal B @entity0 . Histoclinical correlations of its expression have never been explored in large series of @entity0 , and specifically in the luminal subtype. In a pooled series of invasive @entity0 profiled using DNA microarrays, we identified 3,074 luminal cases, including 1,307 luminal B @entity5 , in which we searched for correlations between @entity65826 mRNA expression and molecular and histoclinical features. Compared to normal breast samples, @entity65826 was overexpressed in 52  % of @entity5 , and much more frequently in luminal B (83  %) than @entity5 (29  %). In @entity0 , higher @entity65826 expression was associated with poor-prognosis criteria (age   <=  50  years, ductal type, advanced stage, large @entity5 size, lymph node-positive status, high grade, PR-negative status, luminal B subtype) and with poor metastasis-free survival in both uni- and multivariate analyses. This independent prognostic value was also observed in luminal B @entity5 only, and persisted when compared with gene expression signatures (PAM50, Recurrence Score, Mammaprint, EndoPredict) currently proposed to refine the indications of adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive/ @entity7171 -negative @entity0 . We also confirmed the observations made with experimental @entity19 models: @entity65826 -overexpressing @entity5 showed complex genomic profiles and molecular features of @entity1344 and loss of @entity5 suppressor genes ( @entity899 and Rb). Our results reinforce the idea that @entity65826 is a candidate oncogene in luminal B cancers. Its expression may help improve the prognostication. Inhibiting @entity65826 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for these poor-prognosis @entity5 .

title: XXXX is a candidate oncogene of luminal B @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal instability']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['luminal breast cancers', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'luminal tumors', 'luminal A tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity65826 :: (105988(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ESPL1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity876 expression and increased @entity1758 proliferation index have been shown to correlate with invasive behavior in @entity977 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether these indices could be used to predict a higher likelihood of recurrence in clinically nonfunctional @entity977 and thus guide adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Fifty-one clinically nonfunctional @entity977 were selected from the database at the Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Center between the years 1990-1998. Included were 32 nonrecurrent and 19 recurrent @entity652 . RESULTS: The mean initial labelling index for @entity876 in nonrecurrent @entity5 was 0.38% (0-1.58%), while it was 0.46% (0-3.65%) for recurrent @entity652 . The mean initial @entity1758 index for nonrecurrent @entity5 was 1.63% (0.08-9.36%), while for recurrent @entity5 it was 1.92% (0-7.76%). The percentage of @entity876 positive @entity652 was 66% for nonrecurrent @entity5 and 68% for recurrent @entity5 . None of the differences in the labelling indices between the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups was statistically significant. As 12 @entity1 (38%) in the nonrecurrent group had undergone radiotherapy as initial adjuvant therapy after surgery and none of the recurrent group had done so, @entity1 who did not receive radiotherapy in the nonrecurrent group were analyzed separately. Again, none of the differences in the labelling indices between the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups was statistically significant when the effect of radiotherapy was removed from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate no statistical difference in the @entity876 or @entity1758 labelling indices between recurrent and nonrecurrent nonfunctional @entity977 . Concern should be raised in attaching too much clinical significance to these labelling indices, especially with respect to @entity876 as a predictor of the clinical behavior of nonfunctional @entity977 .

title: XXXX and @entity1758 immunohistochemistry as predictors of the clinical behavior of nonfunctioning @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['P53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous risk scores have shown excellent performance. However, the need for real-time risk score computation makes their implementation in an emergent situation challenging. A more simplified approach can provide practitioners with a practical bedside risk stratification tool. METHODS: We developed an easy-to-use tree-structured risk stratification model for @entity1 undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute @entity583 . The model was developed on the New York State PCI database for 1999 to 2000 (consisting of 5385 procedures) and was validated using the subsequent 2001 to 2002 database (consisting of 7414 procedures). RESULTS: Tree-structured modeling identified 3 key presenting features: @entity1455 , @entity712 , and age. In the validation data set, this risk stratification model identified @entity1 groups with in-hospital mortality ranging from 0.5% to 20.6%, more than a 20-fold increased risk. The performance of this model was similar to the Mayo Clinic Risk Score with a discriminative capacity of 82% (95% confidence interval, 79%-84%) versus 80% (95% confidence interval, 77%-82%), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing PCI for acute @entity583 can be readily stratified into risk categories using the tree-structured model. This provides practicing cardiologists with an internally validated and easy-to-use scheme for in-hospital mortality risk stratification.

title: Tree-structured risk stratification of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute XXXX : a report from the New York State percutaneous coronary intervention database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 126 Background: @entity3907 -based regimes has improved survival in early @entity0 and now is used routinely. A common side effect is @entity4 which potentially increases the risk of lymphoedema in the arm after surgery. This has not been assessed prospectively. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of @entity3907 -based regimens on extracellular fluid (ECF) in the arm on the side of surgery. METHODS: @entity1 (n=441) aged 56.8 (SD 11.2) years enrolled prior to surgery for early @entity0 and were reassessed within 1 month and 6, 12, and 18 months following surgery. Assessment included bioimpedance spectroscopy which quantifies ECF in each arm and used to derive the ECF ratio. Based on the ECF ratio, @entity1 were categorised as having, or not, @entity4 preferentially in their at risk arm at each time point and having no @entity3907 -based chemotherapy (n=269), @entity1311 (n=73) or @entity1205 chemotherapy (n=88). RESULTS: Pre-surgery, the ECF ratio was not significantly different in @entity1 who later did or did not receive @entity3907 -based chemotherapy. Following surgery but prior to commencing chemotherapy, 45 (11%) @entity1 had increased ECF in their at-risk arm. Both @entity3907 -based chemotherapies and elevated postoperative arm @entity4 were associated with @entity4 at each follow-up timepoint (Table). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to pre-existing @entity4 , both taxel chemotherapies were associated with @entity4 preferentially in the at-risk arm between 6 and 18 months following surgery. Strategies to prevent or minimise this @entity4 need to be developed. [Table: see text].

title: Elevated extracellular fluid in the "at risk" arm from @entity3907 -based chemotherapies in @entity1 treated for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'swelling']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3907 :: ('MESH:C080625', 'Chemical') :: ['Taxane', 'taxane']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Many advances have been made in the field of @entity14 follow-up since the pioneering efforts of Wangensteen and others with second-look operations in the 1950s. The understanding of the biology and natural history of @entity14 has been advanced. Diagnostic methods for detection of recurrent disease have also advanced tremendously with @entity787 monitoring, immunoscintigraphy. CT, MRI, and PET imaging. As has been discussed in this article, however, no strategy of postoperative follow-up has been shown unequivocally to produce improved survival benefit or cure rate. It is quite possible that benefit will be shown, but well-controlled trials will be required. Cost considerations will likely prove important, because the rate of detection of curable disease will likely.be low. Quality of life issues will also be important in such trials. Better treatment and outcome ol recurrent disease would provide a strong rationale for vigorous postoperative surveillance. New recommendations are currently evolving [54]. Early diagnosis seems likely to enhance the curability of both local and distant relapses and second @entity5 . Furthermore, there may be a survival and quality of life advantage that results from the early institution of chemotherapy, even for those @entity5 found to be inoperable [55]. In devising a plan for follow-up in @entity1 , it is important to recognize the anatomic and temporal patterns of recurrence as well as their relationships to the initial @entity5 staging. Although there is little proof that the identification of recurrent disease in follow-up programs increases the likelihood of resectability, cure, or prolonged survival, many physicians have witnessed successful treatment of recurrent @entity14 . These anecdotal experiences, the unproven belief that follow-up is beneficial, and traditions imparted during training are among the likely motivating factors for most physicians caring for @entity14 @entity1 .

title: The preoperative assessment and postoperative surveillance of XXXX with colon and rectal cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Inhibition of complement activation via @entity1 membrane-associated complement regulators is known to prevent hyperacute rejection in heart and kidney @entity1707 -to-primate transplantation. The protective effect of such strategies in pulmonary xenografts, however, seems to be insufficient. In an ex vivo perfusion, model lungs from donor @entity1707 transgenic for @entity1 @entity9819 (n = 6) or @entity1 @entity1009 (n = 5) were perfused with fresh @entity1 blood and compared with nontransgenic organs (n = 6). In addition, a soluble complement component 1 esterase inhibitor ( @entity19459 ) was applied in h- @entity9819 transgenic lungs (n = 3). In the h- @entity9819 transgenic group, survival was prolonged (P < 0.05), quality and maximal time of oxygenation significantly improved and pulmonary vascular resistance reduced compared with the control group. There was a decreased sequestration of platelets, @entity130 and reduced deposition of C(5b-9) in the h- @entity9819 transgenic group. Additional soluble complement inhibition ( @entity19459 ) did not prolong survival of h- @entity9819 transgenic lungs. Survival and pulmonary function in lungs expressing h- @entity1009 was not significantly different from parameters observed in nontransgenic lungs. In this ex vivo model of @entity1707 -to-primate lung transplantation, membrane-based complement inhibition resulted in significantly improved pulmonary function. However, minor histopathological injuries observed in these transgenic xenografts suggested only partial protection from @entity358 by complement inhibition alone.

title: Hyperacute rejection in ex vivo-perfused porcine lungs transgenic for XXXX complement regulatory proteins.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['less parenchymal injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ) is a common and potentially fatal manifestation of @entity1252 . Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) such as @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ), anticardiolipin (aCL) and antibodies to b2glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ), the most important aPL antigen, are thought to play a role in some forms of @entity12319 . As of yet, their specific roles in @entity12319 manifestations remain to be elucidated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 57 @entity1252 @entity1 (53 @entity1 ) were assessed for @entity4555 , aCL and anti- @entity9500 twice, to determine persistent positivity. All @entity1 were examined by neurology and psychiatry specialists. 69 healthy subjects were assessed as controls. @entity12319 was diagnosed in 74% of @entity1 . @entity10 were the most prevalent manifestation of @entity12319 (39%), followed by @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (23%), @entity308 (19.0%), and @entity410 (14%). @entity12319 and non- @entity12319 @entity1 showed comparable @entity1252 activity and corticosteroid use. In 65% of @entity1 @entity146 manifestations preceded @entity1252 diagnosis. aPL profiles of @entity12319 @entity1 and non- @entity12319 @entity1 were similar. @entity10 and @entity385 were independently associated with anti- @entity9500 -IgM (OR=5.6; p<0.05), and @entity410 were linked to anti- @entity9500 -IgG (OR=11.3; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1252 @entity1 , @entity146 manifestations occur frequently and early, often before the disease is diagnosed. Autoantibodies to @entity9500 are linked to non-specific @entity10 , @entity385 and @entity410 , and show a better predictive value than aCL and @entity4555 . These findings may help to improve the diagnosis of @entity12319 and should prompt further studies to characterize the role of anti- @entity9500 in the pathogenesis of this condition.

title: Intractable @entity10 , XXXX , and @entity410 Are Linked to the Presence of Anti- @entity9500 Antibodies in @entity1 with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headaches', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['NPSLE', 'Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the outcome of @entity1 exposed to @entity927 during lactation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective, controlled observational study design was used. Mothers who contacted the Beilinson Teratology Information Service (BELTIS) regarding use of @entity927 while breastfeeding were followed up by phone interview. Data on lactation, neonatal symptoms, and outcomes at the age of 1-3 years were obtained. Mothers' breastfeeding while taking @entity927 and their @entity1 were compared with those of a matched control group of breastfeeding mothers using a drug known to be safe during lactation ( @entity115 ) and their @entity1 . RESULTS: Follow-up was obtained for 28 of 32 @entity1 who sought advice regarding use of @entity927 during breastfeeding. Of the 28 @entity1 , six did not take the drug, and one refused to participate. The 21 remaining @entity1 (study group) were compared with 42 control @entity1 . A decreased amount of breastmilk was reported by one @entity1 in the study group versus two @entity1 in the control group (p=1.0). Possible adverse drug effects were reported for one of 21 study group @entity1 (restlessness) and for one of 42 control group @entity1 ( @entity354 ) (p=1.0). Growth below the 3rd percentile was found in one of 21 study group @entity1 versus four of 42 control group @entity1 (p=0.66). Development was normal for all study group @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: No increase in adverse long-term outcomes was found in @entity1 exposed through breastfeeding to @entity927 . Our data in conjunction with previous estimates of very low drug exposure support continuation of breastfeeding in @entity1 requiring treatment with @entity927 .

title: Outcome following XXXX exposure during breastfeeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic Acid']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 with unresectable primary @entity157 due either to locally advanced lesion or to association with liver @entity82 were treated with combined radiotherapy and @entity221 from April 1988 to January 1991. Purpose of this study was to assess thermometry, response rate, @entity137 , and survival in those @entity1 . External radiotherapy was given with a total of 30.6 Gy/3.5 wks. @entity221 was given twice a week with a total of 6 treatment sessions using an 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive type heating machine. Each @entity221 session was started within 30 min following radiotherapy and continued for 30-60 min. Thermal data were analysed with maximum, minimum, and average temperatures of the @entity5 . Thermal mapping was also done. In thermometry results, maximum, minimum, and average temperatures of the @entity5 were 41.9 +/- 1.3 degrees C, 39.9 +/- 1.0 degrees C, and 40.8 +/- 0.9 degrees C, respectively. The fraction over 40 degrees C was 73 +/- 32% with a wide variation from 15% to 100%. Among 67 assessable @entity1 , 27 @entity1 showed @entity5 regression of more than 50% of the original @entity5 volume (40.3% response rate). Symptomatic improvement was observed in 78.6% of the @entity1 . Acute @entity137 during the treatment were mostly acceptable local @entity158 (51.2%) and local fat @entity39 (13.1%). The actuarial 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 44.8%, 19.7%, and 15.6%, respectively. Median survival was 6 months. In view of acceptable @entity137 and the current rate of survival, further evaluation of combined treatment of radiotherapy and @entity221 for unresectable @entity157 is warranted.

title: Combined treatment of radiotherapy and XXXX for unresectable @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity6275 is still the cause of many problems in orthopaedics in terms of therapy and @entity281 persistence. Four-to-six week systemic antibiotic therapy is required along with bone and soft tissue debridement in the therapy of chronic @entity4034 . Prolonged-release local antibiotic therapy has been taken into consideration due to the side effects encountered in long-term high dose antibiotic use and the duration of hospitalization of the @entity1 . Although local antibiotic therapy has been achieved by bone cement, a second surgical operation is needed for the removal of the system. On the other hand, heat generation during cement curing limits the use of heat-sensitive active ingredients. The most frequent @entity4034 inducing micro-organism is gram (+) @entity794 . In this study, @entity11248 , a glycopeptide antibiotic, active on gram (+) bacteria, was incorporated in a synthetic polymer in order to prepare a microsphere formulation for @entity79 . Particle size, surface characteristics, loading capacity and in vitro release characteristics of the microspheres were determined as well as stability assessment of @entity11248 under accelerated conditions. In vivo studies were performed on @entity95 and the microparticles were implanted intra-articularly to the lateral condylus of the femur. Antibiotic presence was detected by a microbiological assay from synovial fluid sample aspirated throughout 5 weeks. In the light of these evaluations, microspheres prepared from @entity7050 (75:25) (Mw 136,000) polymer were determined to be effective, and promising for obtaining prolonged local antibiotic release.

title: In vitro/in vivo evaluation of the efficiency of XXXX -loaded biodegradable microparticles formulated for implantation to @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['implantation to bone defects']

answer: @entity11248 :: (MESH:D017334,Chemical) :: ['teicoplanin']


abstract: Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) and @entity33167 (H  bner) are the main @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) pests in Mediterranean countries. To develop insect-resistant cultivars, it is helpful to know the genetic control of the resistance. Our objective was to determine the genetic control of the resistance to both borers. For each of two crosses (EP59 x P51 and 15125 x EP61), six generations were evaluated (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2). Genetic effects x environment interactions were not significant. For the @entity33167 resistance traits; both crosses fitted an additive-dominance model. EP59 x P51 had important dominance and additive effects, whereas for 15125 x EP61 we did not detect significant genetic effects, but significant year effects were detected. For S. nonagrioides @entity277 , both crosses fitted to an additive-dominance model. There were additive effects for most traits in EP59 x P51. The cross I5125 x EP61 showed significant dominance effects for several traits. Resistance to both @entity4336 borers fit an additive-dominance model, but genetic effects depend on the cross evaluated. In the resistance to S. nonagrioides, additive effects were important for shank resistance, which is a useful trait for avoiding S. nonagrioides damage on the ear. Early sowings are recommended to make good use of the resistance to both @entity4336 borers. In the late sowings, damage is so high that resistant plants are not able to control the pest.

title: Mean generation analysis of the damage caused by Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and @entity33167 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sweet XXXX ears.

entities_list: @entity33167 :: ('29057', 'Species') :: ['Ostrinia nubilalis', 'O. nubilalis']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: Lipid peroxidation-derived @entity3125 (LP-DA) can propagate oxidative injury and are detoxified by the @entity3650 reductase (AR) enzyme pathway in myocardium. Whether there are alterations in the @entity2270 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is unknown. Sixteen instrumented @entity235 were studied before and after either 24 h or 4 wk of rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing (early and late @entity712 , respectively). Six unpaced @entity235 served as controls. In early @entity712 , there was subtle @entity308 of LV performance (maximum rate of LV pressure rise, P < 0.05 vs. baseline) but no chamber enlargement, whereas in late @entity712 there was significant (P < 0.05) contractile @entity308 and @entity5988 . Oxidative stress was increased at both time points, indexed by tissue @entity1234 , total @entity2041 , and free C6-C9 LP-DA (P < 0.025 vs. control). AR protein levels and activity decreased progressively during @entity712 (P < 0.025 early/late @entity712 vs. control); however, AR mRNA expression decreased only in late @entity712 (P < 0.005 vs. early @entity712 and control). DNA binding of tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP, a transcriptional regulator of AR) paralleled AR mRNA, declining >50% in late @entity712 (P < 0.025 vs. control). We conclude that AR levels and attendant myocardial capacity to detoxify LP-DA decline during the development of @entity712 . In early @entity712 , decreased AR occurs due to a translational or posttranslational mechanism, whereas in late @entity712 reduced TonEBP transcriptional activation and AR downregulation contribute significantly. Reduced AR-mediated LP-DA metabolism contributes importantly to LP-DA accumulation in the failing heart and thus may augment chronic oxidative injury.

title: Lipid peroxidation-derived @entity3125 and oxidative stress in the failing heart: role of XXXX reductase.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: Saline aspirates have been commonly used in the biochemical investigations of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) pathology. However, due to presence of adhesions in the diseased @entity1348 , full equilibration between the injected saline and the synovial fluid may not be achieved in all cases. We measured @entity460 ion concentration in the saline aspirates and the plasma to assess the degree of dilution of the synovial fluid by the injected media. Saline aspirates obtained prior to the arthroscopic examination of 17 @entity1 with painful TMJs not responding to 3 months of conservative treatment were analysed for their @entity460 content by a highly sensitive spectrophotometric autoanalyser. In 10 @entity1 with unilateral symptoms, the contralateral asymptomatic side was used as a control. Using a concentration volume equation the amount of the synovial fluid in the saline aspirates was calculated. The yield of the saline aspirates was variable ranging from 330 to 1000 microl. The mean @entity460 level was 0.787 mg/dl in the symptomatic group (C.I. 95% 0.337-1.237 mg/dl) and 0.512 mg/dl (C.I. 95% 0.235-0.797) in the asymptomatic group. Using a Student t-test there was no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no demonstrable correlation between the volume of the aspirate and its synovial fluid content. This study confirms that the saline aspirate may not be a representative sample of the @entity1348 synovial fluid, and that expression of the results of the biochemical assays per volume of the aspirate may be misleading.

title: Temporomandibular joint synovial fluid sampling: estimation of dilution factor using XXXX ion concentration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates diverse neurophysiological and neuropathological effects in the CNS through type I IL-1 receptor ( @entity34551 ). However, identification of @entity34551 -expressing cell types and cell-type-specific functions of @entity34551 remains challenging. In this study, we created a novel genetic @entity19 model in which @entity34551 gene expression is disrupted by an intronic insertion of a loxP flanked disruptive sequence that can be deleted by Cre recombinase, resulting in restored @entity34551 gene expression under its endogenous promoters. A second mutation was introduced at stop codon of the @entity34551 gene to allow tracking of the restored @entity34551 protein by a 3HA tag and @entity34551 mRNA by tdTomato fluorescence. These animals were designated as @entity34551 (r/r) and exhibited an @entity34551 knock-out phenotype. We used @entity34551 globally restored @entity19 ( @entity34551 (GR/GR)) as an @entity34551 reporter and observed concordant labeling of @entity34551 mRNA and protein in brain endothelial cells. Two cell-type-specific @entity34551 restore lines were generated: Tie2Cre- @entity34551 (r/r) and LysMCre- @entity34551 (r/r). Brain endothelial @entity10178 expression, CNS leukocyte infiltration, and global microglia activation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of @entity635 were not observed in @entity34551 (r/r) or LysMCre- @entity34551 (r/r) @entity19 , but were restored in Tie2Cre- @entity34551 (r/r) @entity19 . These results reveal @entity34551 expression in endothelial cells alone is sufficient to mediate these central IL-1-induced responses. In addition, ex vivo @entity635 stimulation increased @entity635 expression in bone marrow cells in wild-type, Tie2Cre- @entity34551 (r/r), and LysMCre- @entity34551 (r/r), but not @entity34551 (r/r) @entity19 . These results demonstrate this @entity34551 restore model is a valuable tool for studying cell-type-specific functions of @entity34551 .

title: Interleukin 1 type 1 receptor restore: a genetic XXXX model for studying interleukin 1 receptor-mediated effects in specific cell types.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The identification of risk factors could play a role in improving early postoperative outcome for @entity5 surgery @entity1 . The air of this s5udy was to determine the relationship between short-course preoperative radiotherapy (RT), serum @entity2313 level and the development of @entity260 in @entity1 after anterior rectal resection due to @entity5 without creation of diverting stoma. METHODS: This retrospective study included @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity188 with the clinical stage of T2-T4 operated on between 2007 and 2012. All the @entity1 underwent open anterior rectal resection without diverting stoma creation. Preoperative serum @entity2313 was measured in each @entity1 . @entity5 location was noted intraoperatively as the distance between the inferior @entity5 margin and anal verge. @entity5 size was measured and noted by the pathologist who assessed specimens. Some of the @entity1 received short-course preoperative RT, and some did not. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (group 1 with short-course preoperative RT, group 2 without short-course preoperative RT). @entity260 included clinically apparent @entity834 , wound @entity281 , diffuse @entity298 and @entity55 . They were compared between the groups, in relation to preoperative serum @entity2313 level, @entity1 age, @entity5 size and location. RESULTS: The study included 107 @entity1 (51 in the group 1 and 56 in the group 2). There were no significant difference in age (p = 0.95), gender (p = 0.12) and @entity5 distance from anal verge (p = 0.53). The size of @entity189 was significantly higher in the group 1 than in the group 2 (51.37 +/- 12.04 mm vs. 45.57 +/- 9.81 mm, respectively; p = 0.007). The preoperative serum @entity2313 level was significantly lower in the group 1 than in the group 2 (34.80 +/- 2.85 g/L vs. 37.55 +/- 2.74 g/L, respectively; p < 0.001). A significant correlation between the @entity5 size and the serum @entity2313 level was found (p = 0.042). @entity260 were observed in 13 (25.5%) @entity1 in the group 1 and in 10 (17.8%) @entity1 in the group 2 without significant difference between the groups (p = 0.18). A significantly lower level of serum @entity2313 was found in @entity1 with @entity260 and in those who died. A significant difference in @entity834 occurrence between groups was found (p = 0.039). Male gender and the lower level of serum @entity2313 were significant predictors for @entity834 occurrence (p = 0.05 and p = 0.002, respectively), but preoperative RT had no significant impact on it. CONCLUSIONS: A lower serum @entity2313 level, but not short-course of preoperative RT, was significantly associated with @entity260 development after rectal resection with' out diverting stoma.

title: Relationship between of short-course preoperative radiotherapy and serum @entity2313 level and @entity260 in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'Overall, postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a new product of bioactive glass, Perioglas((R)) on @entity1 periodontal @entity154 . METHODS: Twenty periodontal @entity154 in 10 healthy adults were selected. Four weeks after an initial therapy, they were randomly assigned to either a BAG experimental (open flap debridement with BAG, totally 13 defects) or a control OFD (simple open flap debridement, totally 7 defects) group. For both groups, routine flap procedure was performed, but the Perioglas((R)) was implanted only in the BAG group. The followings were recorded before the operation and repeated at the 3rd and 6th month evaluations: plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), @entity1464 (REC), @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and clinical @entity6730 (CAL). RESULTS: At the 3rd and 6th months after operation, both groups showed significant @entity922 . @entity92 and CAL in BAG group at baseline were 6.19 mm and 6.31 mm, which were 3.23 mm and 3.65 mm at 6th after surgery, respectively. @entity92 and CAL in OFD group at baseline were 6.86 mm and 7.71 mm, which were 4.50 mm and 5.35 mm at 6 th after surgery, respectively. And the BAG group showed significant reduction in BI, which from 2.77 at baseline to 0.65 at 6th month post-operation. BI, @entity92 and CAL in BAG group were significantly lower than those in OFD group. The reduction of BI in BAG group was significantly more than that in OFD group. CONCLUSIONS: The bioactive glass is effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of @entity154 .

title: Clinical evaluation of bioactive glass in the treatment of periodontal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrabony defects']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in PD and CAL']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['intrabony defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Skin autofluorescence (AF), which has been proposed as a measure of tissue content of advanced glycation end-products, is a predictor of health outcomes in @entity6 @entity1 . Aim of this study is the assessment of parameters associated with increased AF in a sample of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: AF was determined in a consecutive series of type 2 @entity6 92 @entity1 aged 69.1+/-12.4 years. Univariate and multivariate correlations with several clinical and chemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS: A significant (p<0.01) correlation of AF was found with age (r=0.33) and HbA1c (r=0.34). After adjusting for age and HbA1c, micro- or macrovascular complications of @entity6 were associated with higher AF. Furthermore, a higher AF was found in @entity1 with @entity209 (2.7+/-1.0 AU versus 2.2+/-0.7 AU; p<0.05). Waist circumference, @entity412 , and HDL @entity165 showed a significant correlation with AF after adjustment for age and HbA1c (adj. r=0.30, 0.29, and -0.27; all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 is associated not only with degree of hyperglycaemia and age, but also with @entity1386 and @entity209 .

title: Skin autofluorescence in type 2 XXXX : beyond blood glucose.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: To investigate whether the addition of @entity21542 to @entity14340 could improve the efficacy in @entity1 with acute renal colic. @entity1 of acute renal colic were randomly allocated to receive intravenous @entity14340 40 mg plus placebo or @entity14340 40 mg plus @entity21542 80 mg, respectively. @entity158 intensity was recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) before drug administration and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment start. The primary outcome was the mean @entity158 ( @entity158 ) at each checkpoint and the effectiveness of drugs (>=  50 % decrease in VAS score at the end checkpoint). The need for rescue analgesics and the incidence of adverse effects were considered as secondary outcome of the study. Among 236 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 119 @entity1 received intravenous @entity14340 plus placebo and 114 @entity1 received intravenous @entity14340 plus @entity21542 , the remaining 3 @entity1 given up treatment. Baseline demographics were similar between two groups. There are significant differences in the @entity158 at 15 and 30 min between two groups (P15 min = 0.011, P30 min = 0.013). Rescue analgesics were required by 17 @entity1 (14.3 %) receiving @entity14340 , 7 @entity1 (6.1 %) receiving @entity14340 plus @entity21542 (P = 0.041). There were no differences in @entity158 at other checkpoints between two groups, as well as in the incidence of adverse events and the drug effectiveness. @entity14340 in combination with @entity21542 for acute renal colic has a faster action, also reduces the demand of rescue analgesics.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX / @entity21542 combination therapy versus @entity14340 monotherapy for acute renal colic: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity21542 :: ('MESH:D010696', 'Chemical') :: ['phloroglucinol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['Parecoxib', 'parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'PID', 'pain intensity difference']

answer: @entity14340 :: (MESH:C409945,Chemical) :: ['parecoxib']


abstract: AIM: @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) @entity13842 ( @entity40609 ) gene polymorphism has been associated with @entity8 risk. However, lots of studies have reported inconclusive results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between @entity6785 @entity13842 gene polymorphism and @entity8 susceptibility. METHODS: We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase (OvidSP), Wanfang databases and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) up to 20   June 2014. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to test the association. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA version 11.0 software. RESULTS: In total, 2755 @entity1 from eight case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated the significant association between @entity6785 @entity13842 polymorphism and @entity8 risk (CC   +   CG   vs   GG, OR   =   1.77, P   <   0.01; C   vs   G, OR   =   3.94, P   <   0.01). In the subgroup analysis, a significant relationship of @entity6785 @entity13842 gene polymorphism and @entity8 risk in Asians and Caucasians were observed. Additionally, we found that the heterozygote (CG) may strongly increase @entity8 risk in @entity1 , while the homozygote (CC) may increase the @entity8 susceptibility more significantly in adults. Surprisingly, the results found a significant association between @entity6785 @entity13842 polymorphism and @entity13738 in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) (C vs G, OR: 3.83, P   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that @entity6785 @entity13842 gene polymorphism may increase risk of @entity8 , especially in @entity1 . Furthermore, the meta-analysis also indicated that this gene polymorphism may increase risk of @entity13738 in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity3441 .

title: @entity6785 XXXX gene polymorphism increases the risk of @entity8 : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['MIF', 'Macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid resistance']

answer: @entity13842 :: (c|SUB|G|-173|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-173G/C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors demonstrate a case report of the peripartum @entity296 that occurred at a so far healthy @entity1 after the delivery by the caesarean section. SUBJECT: Case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS: The gravidity of a 28-year old primipara, gemini, was finished by the caesarean section because of cardiologic (benign cardiac extrasystoles) and obstetric (gemini clashing position) indication. After the delivery a @entity712 started to develop. The diagnosis was closed as peripartum @entity296 . The clinical state of @entity1 stabilized after initiating adequate therapy, the follow up has been still going on. RESULTS: Peripartum @entity296 is a rare disease that occurs as a left @entity712 in pregnant @entity1 or in @entity1 in childbed. Etiology of the disease is unknown, the disease management requires collaboration among obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists and neonatologists. Prognosis is uncertain.

title: [Obstetrical aspects of peripartum XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Optimal treatment for large @entity6 is ill defined. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of wound healing with the Vacuum Assisted Closure device trade mark (VAC) to conventional moist dressings in the treatment of large @entity6 . Diabetics with significant soft tissue defects of the foot were considered for enrollment. @entity1 were randomized to receive either moist gauze dressings or VAC treatments for 2 weeks, after which they were treated with the alternative dressing for an additional 2 weeks. Wounds were photographed weekly and wound dimensions calculated in a blinded fashion with spatial analysis software. Percent change in wound dimensions were calculated and compared for each weekly assessment and over 2 weeks of therapy with each dressing type. Ten @entity1 were enrolled in the trial, but two were lost to follow-up and two were withdrawn. Complete data were available for analysis on seven wounds in six @entity1 . Average length, width, and depth of the wounds at initiation of the trial was 7.7, 3.5, and 3.1 cm, respectively. Only the wound depth was significantly decreased over the weeks of the trial to 1.2 cm ( p < 0.05). VAC dressings decreased the wound volume and depth significantly more than moist gauze dressings (59% vs. 0% and 49% vs. 8%, respectively). VAC dressings were associated with a decrease in all wound dimensions while wound length and width increased with moist dressings. In summary, over the first several weeks of therapy, VAC dressings decreased wound depth and volume more effectively than moist gauze dressings. Negative-pressure wound treatment may accelerate closure of large foot wounds in the @entity6 @entity1 .

title: A prospective randomized evaluation of negative-pressure wound dressings for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot wounds', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot wounds']


abstract: The 5-year survival of @entity1 with @entity788 is poor and, despite oncological advances over the past two decades, has not significantly improved. However, there have been several surgical and oncological advances which have improved morbidity and mortality in surgery and more efficacious chemotherapy regimens, resulting in a better @entity1 experience and an increase in survival by a number of months. Most @entity1 have a @entity5 at the head of the pancreas and those with resectable disease undergo a pancreaticoduodenectomy, which can be performed laparoscopically. Those who have a pancreatic resection have an increased survival in comparison with those receiving oncological treatment only; however, only a quarter of @entity1 have resectable disease at diagnosis. Some centres are now performing venous resections and/or arterial resections in order to increase the number of @entity1 eligible for curative surgery. Innovative techniques using ablation technologies to downstage @entity5 for resection are also being investigated. After surgery, all @entity1 should be offered adjuvant @entity136 -based chemotherapy. Those with locally advanced @entity5 not suitable for surgery should be offered FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, after which the @entity5 may be suitable for surgical resection. The use of radiotherapy in this group of @entity1 is controversial but offered by a few centres. @entity1 with @entity3 at diagnosis should also be offered FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, which can improve survival by a few months. As our knowledge of the @entity5 biology of @entity788 progresses, a number of new agents targeting specific genes and proteins are under investigation and there is hope that median survival will continue to improve over the next decade.

title: XXXX : current management and treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity2695 represent a powerful model to study in vivo angiogenesis. @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) is known to be responsible for recruiting macrophages to sites of @entity281 or @entity32 and facilitate angiogenesis. Recently we have demonstrated that edible berry extracts potently suppress inducible vascular endothelial growth factor expression and in vitro angiogenesis. Comparative analysis of several berry extracts led to the observation that wild blueberry and a berry mix were most effective. Our goal was to follow up on our findings with wild blueberry and the berry mix (OptiBerry). The present work rests on our current finding that these two berry powders significantly inhibit inducible @entity1750 expression in endothelioma cells. Therefore, we sought to examine the effects of wild blueberry and berry mix in an in vivo model of experimental angiogenesis. Reporter studies showed that the berry powders significantly inhibited basal @entity1750 transcription and inducible nuclear factor kappaB transcription. Endothelioma cells pre-treated with berry powders showed diminished ability to form @entity2695 . Histological analysis demonstrated markedly decreased infiltration of macrophages in @entity2695 of treated @entity19 compared to placebo-treated controls. The current results provide the first in vivo evidence substantiating the anti-angiogenic property of edible berries.

title: Anti-angiogenic property of edible berry in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Monocyte chemotactic protein 1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to evaluate the concurrence between Framingham Risk score (FRS) and United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 Study (UKPDS) risk engine in identifying @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in newly detected @entity6 @entity1 and to explore the characteristics associated with the discrepancy between them. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 489 subjects newly diagnosed with @entity6 was conducted. Agreement between FRS and UKPDS in classifying @entity1 as high risk was calculated using kappa statistic. Subjects with discrepant scores between two algorithms were identified and associated variables were determined. RESULTS: The FRS identified 20.9% subjects (range, 17.5 to 24.7) as high-risk while UKPDS identified 21.75% (range, 18.3 to 25.5) as high-risk. Discrepancy was observed in 17.9% (range, 14.7 to 21.7) subjects. About 9.4% had high risk by UKPDS but not FRS, and 8.6% had high risk by FRS but not UKPDS. The best agreement was observed at high-risk threshold of 20% for both (k=0.463). Analysis showed that subjects having high risk on FRS but not UKPDS were elderly females having raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure. @entity1 with high risk on UKPDS but not FRS were males and have high glycosylated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: The FRS and UKPDS (threshold 20%) identified different populations as being at high risk, though the agreement between them was fairly good. The concurrence of a number of factors (e.g., male sex, low high density lipoprotein @entity165 , and smoking) in both algorithms should be regarded as increasing the @entity301 risk. However, longitudinal follow-up is required to form firm conclusions.

title: Agreement between Framingham Risk Score and United Kingdom Prospective XXXX Study Risk Engine in Identifying High Coronary Heart Disease Risk in North Indian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well known that illicit use of @entity284 and @entity4783 is common among @entity1 with an @entity4784 . Less notice has been taken of the fact that these substances are also used for extended periods of self-treatment, as a way of handling barriers to @entity20182 . In this study, motives for self-treatment are investigated, as well as attitudes and perceived barriers to @entity20182 among drug users with an @entity4784 in Sweden. METHOD: The study is based on qualitative research interviews with 27 opioid users who have treated themselves with @entity284 or @entity4783 for a period of at least three months. RESULTS: The duration of self-treatment among the interviewees varied from 5  months to 7  years. Self-treatment often began as a result of a wish to change their life situation or to cut back on @entity4521 , in conjunction with perceived barriers to @entity20182 . These barriers consisted of (1) difficulties in gaining access to @entity20182 due to strict inclusion criteria, limited access to treatment or a bureaucratic and arduous assessment process, (2) difficulties remaining in treatment, and (3) ambivalence toward or reluctance to seek @entity20182 , primarily due to a fear of stigmatization or disciplinary action. Self-treatment was described as an attractive alternative to @entity20182 , as a stepping stone to @entity20182 , and as a way of handling waiting lists, or as a saving resource in case of @entity2358 . CONCLUSION: Illicit use of @entity284 and @entity4783 involve risks but may also have important roles to play for users who are unwilling or not given the opportunity to enter @entity20182 . A restrictive and strict rehabilitation-oriented treatment model may force many to manage their own treatment. More generous inclusion criteria, a less complex admission process, fewer @entity2358 , and less paternalistic treatment may lead to increasing numbers seeking @entity20182 . Control measures are necessary to prevent diversion and harmful drug use but must be designed in such a way that they impose as few restrictions as possible on the daily life of @entity1 .

title: Long-term self-treatment with @entity284 or XXXX as a response to barriers to opioid substitution treatment: the case of Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary discharge', 'involuntary discharges']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is the non-random association between the loci and it could give us a preliminary insight into the genetic history of the population. In the present study LD patterns and effective population size ( @entity33548 ) of three Korean @entity291 breeds along with Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian @entity291 were compared using the @entity291 Illumina SNP50 panel. The effective population size ( @entity33548 ) is the number of breeding individuals in a population and is particularly important as it determines the rate at which genetic variation is lost. The genotype data in our study comprised a total of 129 samples, varying from 4 to 39 samples. After quality control there were ~29,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which r(2) value was calculated. Average distance between SNP pairs was 1.14 Mb across all breeds. Average r(2) between adjacent SNP pairs ranged between was 0.1 for Yanbian to 0.3 for Qinchuan. Effective population size of the breeds based on r(2) varied from 16 in Hainan to 226 in Yanbian. Amongst the Korean native breeds effective population size of Brindle Hanwoo was the least with @entity33548 = 59 and Brown Hanwoo was the highest with @entity33548 = 83. The effective population size of the Korean @entity291 breeds has been decreasing alarmingly over the past generations. We suggest appropriate measures to be taken to prevent these local breeds in their native tracts.

title: Demographic Trends in Korean Native @entity291 Explained Using XXXX SNP50 Beadchip.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown the beneficial role of statins in reducing the risk of @entity532 and @entity204 associated with noncardiac vascular surgery, but few have focused on their effects in the event of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). This study analyzes the effects of preoperative @entity6817 use on perioperative outcomes in @entity1 undergoing CEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from all consecutive @entity1 who underwent primary CEA for symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity66 between 2002 and 2014 at a single institution were prospectively stored in a vascular surgery registry, recording risk factors, medication, and indication for surgery. Endpoints of the study were perioperative (30-day) @entity64 and @entity204 . RESULTS: Overall, 784 @entity1 were on statins (825 CEAs, Group I), while 494 were not (545 CEAs, Group II). There were two perioperative @entity64 in Group I (0.24%) and four in Group II (0.73%; p  =  .22), and no deaths. The only nonfatal @entity299 occurred in Group II (0.18%, p  =  .39). A neurologist assessed @entity1 at 1, 6, and 12  months after CEA, and every 2  years thereafter. Follow-up (range: 0.1-13  years; mean, 6.3      3.7  years) was obtained for 1,239 @entity1 (1,326 CEAs). Because 165 @entity1 (166 CEAs) crossed over from Group II to Group I during the follow-up time, long-term data were stratified by postoperative @entity6817 treatment rather than by preoperative @entity6817 use. The 5- and 10-year restenosis/occlusion and survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Taking statins prior to CEA did not seem to affect the risk of major perioperative @entity63 events and @entity204 , most likely due to the extremely low overall incidence of perioperative complications.

title: Effects of preoperative XXXX use on perioperative outcomes of carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['major perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complication']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['statin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we investigated the association between the renin-angiotensin system  (RAS), endoplasmic reticulum  (ER) stress and @entity731 ( @entity731 ) in uremic @entity6970 knockout  ( @entity6970 -/-) @entity19 . Mild @entity5507 was induced by a 5/6  nephrectomy  (5/6  Nx) in 10-week-old @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Four weeks after nephrectomy, the @entity19 received @entity9886 or no treatment for 16  weeks. Sham-operated @entity19 served as the controls. We found that @entity5507 accelerated @entity731 at the aortic root. The activation of ER stress and the significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were observed in the uremic @entity19 . Phosphorylated @entity8580 -requiring  1a  (p- @entity48354 ), an ER stress marker protein, was mainly expressed in macrophages in the @entity731 . Treatment with @entity9886 significantly attenuated aortic  @entity731 , inhibited ER stress and @entity32 . In in  vitro experiments, angiotensin  II  ( @entity15395 ) increased the levels of the common ER stress maker, @entity413 -regulated protein  78  ( @entity13839 ) and the phosphorylation of @entity48354 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with @entity9886 inhibited the activation of ER stress and the upregulation of @entity13839 , and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-kB  (NF-kB) inhibitor  ( @entity10181 ) in @entity15395 -stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. @entity48354  -siRNA suppressed @entity32 and downregulated @entity10181 expression and @entity10181 kinase  (IKK) phosphorylation, which inhibited @entity10181 degradation and NF-kB  p65 nuclear translocation in @entity15395 -treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that RAS activation accelerates @entity731 by promoting ER stress-related @entity32 in uremic @entity19 .

title: Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates XXXX in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduced aortic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'AS', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) are frequently reported to be exacerbated by stress. Animal studies suggest that corticotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity6192 ) mediates the effect of stress on the bowel. We have shown that stressed @entity1744 @entity1 with @entity294 have constricted small bowels. We hypothesized that we could mimic this effect by applying experimental stress in the form of either hand immersion in ice water or @entity6192 injection in healthy volunteers (HV). METHODS: The postprandial effect of the cold pressor test (repeated hand immersion in ice cold water) and injection of @entity6192 , were assessed vs control in two groups of 18 HVs. KEY RESULTS: @entity6192 produced a significant rise from baseline salivary @entity701 levels (p  =  0.004) not seen with the cold pressor test. Small bowel water content (SBWC) fell postprandially on all four treatments. SBWC was significantly reduced by both stressors but @entity6192 caused a greater effect (anova, p  <  0.003 vs p  =  0.02). Ascending colon (AC) volume was greater after @entity6192 injection compared with saline (p  =  0.002) but no differences were seen with the cold pressor test vs warm water. Postprandial increase in colon volume was also reduced by @entity6192 which also increased the sensations of distension and bloating. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Two experimental stressors were shown to constrict the small bowel, mimicking the effect previously seen in @entity1744 -D @entity1 . @entity6192 increased the volume of the AC. We speculate that stress accelerates transfer of water from the small bowel to the AC.

title: Effect of experimental stress on the small bowel and colon in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The contributions of disorder severity, comorbidity and interpersonal variables to therapists' adherence to a cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) manual were tested. METHOD: Thirty-eight @entity1 received panic control therapy (PCT) for @entity4697 . Trained observers watching videotapes of the sixth session of a 24-session protocol rated therapists' adherence to PCT and their use of interventions from outside the CBT model. Different observers rated @entity1 ' behavioural resistance to therapy in the same session using the client resistance code. Interview measures obtained before treatment included the @entity4697 Severity Scale, the @entity148 interview schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM)-IV and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, @entity2270 II. Questionnaire measures were the @entity148 sensitivity index at intake, and, at session 2, the therapist and client versions of the working alliance inventory-short form. RESULTS: The higher the @entity1 ' resistance and the more @entity2270 a @entity1 had, the less adherent the therapist. Moreover, the more resistant the client, the more therapists resorted to interventions from outside the CBT model. Stronger therapist and @entity1 alliance was also generally related to better adherence, but these results were somewhat inconsistent across therapists. @entity74 severity and comorbidity were not related to adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Interpersonal variables, particularly behavioural resistance to therapy, are related to therapists' ability to adhere to a treatment manual and to their use of interventions from outside of the CBT model. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: @entity1 ' behavioural resistance to therapy may make it more difficult for cognitive-behavioural clinicians to adhere to a structured treatment protocol and more likely for them to borrow interventions from outside the CBT model. @entity1 ' @entity2270 may make adherence to treatment CBT protocol more difficult, although whether this is true varies across therapists. Therapists' adherence to a structured protocol and borrowing from outside of the CBT model do not appear to be affected by disorder severity or @entity2270 I comorbidity.

title: Interpersonal Factors Are Associated with Lower Therapist Adherence in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder', 'Panic Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Pretreatment disorder']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II traits', 'Axis']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['Panic Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 are uncommon with an incidence ranging from 0.17  % in autopsy cases to 1.2  % in angiographically evaluated cases. The recent development of ECG-gated multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography allows accurate and noninvasive depiction of @entity453 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 2572 @entity1 who underwent coronary 64-slice MDCT coronary angiography from January 2008 to March 2012. Coronary angiographic scans were obtained with injection of 80  ml nonionic contrast medium. Retrospective gating technique was used to synchronize data reconstruction with the ECG signal. Maximum intensity projection, multi-planar reformatted, and volume rendering images were derived from axial scans. RESULTS: Of the 2572 @entity1 , sixty (2.33  %) were diagnosed with @entity453 ( @entity453 ), with a mean age of 53.6        11.8  years (range 29-80 years). High take-off of the @entity453 was seen in 16 @entity1 (0.62  %), of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in 2 @entity1 (0.08  %) and both of them in 2 @entity1 (0.08  %). Separate origin of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCx) from left sinus of Valsalva ( @entity7088 ) was found in 15 @entity1 (an incidence of 0.58  %). In 9 @entity1 (0.35  %) the @entity453 ( @entity453 ) arose from the opposite sinus of Valsalva with a separate ostium. In 6 @entity1 (0.23  %) an abnormal origin of LCX from the right sinus of Valsalva ( @entity5842 ) was found with a further posterior course within the atrioventricular groove. @entity453 was seen in 3 @entity1 (0.12  %). It originated from the right sinus of Valsalva in one @entity1 and from @entity7088 in two @entity1 . In two other @entity1 (0.08  %) the left coronary trunk originated from the @entity5842 with separate ostium from the @entity453 . LCA originating from the pulmonary artery was found in one @entity1 (0.04  %). A @entity453 , which is a termination @entity154 , was detected in 4 @entity1 (0.15  %). DISCUSSION: Although these anomalies, which are remarkably different from the normal structure, exist as early as birth, they are incidentally encountered during selective angiography or at autopsy. The incidence in reported angiographic series ranges from 0.6  % to 1.3  %. Variations in the frequency of primary @entity301 may possibly have a genetic background. The largest angiographic series of 126595 @entity1 , by Yamanaka and Hobbs, reported a 1.3  % incidence of anomalous coronary artery. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the use MDCT coronary angiography as a safe and effective noninvasive imaging modality for defining @entity453 in an appropriate clinical setting, providing detailed three-dimensional anatomic information that may be difficult to obtain with invasive angiography.

title: Prevalence and characteristics of @entity453 in an adult population undergoing multidetector-row computed tomography for the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coronary anomalies', 'Congenital coronary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomalies', 'A single coronary artery', 'RCA', 'CAAs', 'right coronary artery', 'coronary artery fistula']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']