abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intermittent stimulation of the left cervical vagus nerve trunk is emerging as a novel adjunct in the treatment of medically refractory @entity410 . We sought to evaluate theoretical and practical issues attendant to this concept. We review the anatomic and physiological background arguing for clinical application of vagus nerve stimulation, discuss salient aspects of @entity1 selection and the nuances of surgical technique, and present our observations of and results from application of the method. METHODS: Each of 18 @entity1 with medically @entity302 and at least six complex partial or secondarily generalized @entity410 per month underwent placement of a NeuroCybernetic Prosthesis pulse generator (Cyberonics, Webster, TX) in the chest, connected to helical @entity902 leads applied to the left cervical vagus nerve trunk. The @entity1 were then randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive either high (presumably therapeutic) or low (presumably less therapeutic) levels of vagus nerve stimulation. Reduction in @entity410 frequency, global assessments of quality of life, physiological measurements, and adverse events were recorded during a 3-month period. @entity1 in the low group were then crossed over to high-stimulation paradigms during a 15-month extension trial. RESULTS: All operations were successful, uneventful, and without adverse postoperative sequelae. One @entity1 was excluded from analysis because of inadequate @entity410 calendars. Of the seven @entity1 initially assigned to high stimulation, the mean reduction in @entity410 frequency was 71% at 3 months and 81% at 18 months. Five (72%) of these @entity1 had a greater than 75% reduction in @entity410 frequency, and one (14%) remained @entity410 -free after more than 1.5 years of follow-up. The mean reduction in @entity410 frequency among the low-stimulation group was only 6% at 3 months. No serious complications, @entity177 , or physiological perturbations occurred. CONCLUSION: In our experience, vagus nerve stimulation has proven to be a safe, feasible, and potentially effective method of reducing @entity410 in select @entity1 populations. However, the elements of strict definition for the application of the method require further study.

title: An institutional experience with cervical vagus nerve trunk stimulation for medically XXXX : rationale, technique, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['device failures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: Retrospectively it was examined whether the number of retrieved oocytes, the maturation rate and cleavage rate can be predicted in regularly menstruating @entity1 by the use of the following predictive variables on cycle day 3-4: the concentration of FSH, @entity53 , inhibin B and @entity24786 in serum and and the number of ovarian follicles seen by vaginal ultrasound. The study included 132 consecutive aspirations in 100 @entity1 attending the clinic for in-vitro maturation due to male factor and/or tubal factor. Fifteen pregnancies were obtained after transfer in 83 cycles, giving a pregnancy rate of 15/132 (11%) per @entity1173 and 15/83 (18%) per transfer. The concentration of FSH and the number of follicles on day 3 predicted the number of oocytes retrieved, whereas these parameters did not predict the subsequent development of oocytes. No correlation was found between the inhibin B, @entity24786 , @entity53 and the number of oocytes respectively. The group with a low concentration of @entity53 on cycle day 3 (threshold <200 pmol/l) (group 1, n = 106 cycles) had a significantly higher pregnancy rate compared to the group with a higher concentration (group 2, n = 26 cycles) (14 versus 0% per @entity1173 , P = 0.03). The group with a low concentration of @entity53 was subdivided according to the concentration of @entity24786 . Group 1a: low @entity24786 (threshold <10 pg/ml, n = 84 cycles) and group 1b: high @entity24786 concentration (> or =10 pg/ml, n = 19). The pregnancy rate in group 1a (14/84, 17%) differed significantly from group 1b (0/19, 0%) (P = 0.03). It is concluded that a low basal concentration of @entity53 (<200 pmol/l) was shown to be a useful prognostic factor of pregnancy in IVM. The concentration of @entity24786 (<10 pg/ml) was of added value.

title: Basal concentrations of XXXX may predict the outcome of in-vitro maturation in regularly menstruating @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: To evaluate the perioperative outcomes and the immediate increases in size after patch closure, 140 carotid endarterectomies were randomized into one of three groups: direct no-patch closure, saphenous vein patch closure, and @entity736 patch closure. Seven @entity1 (4.4%) experienced signs of @entity2806 in the immediate postoperative period. In three cases this was transient and reversible. In the other four reexploration was undertaken and carotid @entity715 was corrected by thrombectomy. The condition of one of these @entity1 deteriorated to a permanent @entity64 , whereas the other @entity1 made a complete recovery. @entity16 were more frequent in the no-patch group, but the differences between the groups were not significant. The incidence of perioperative @entity543 , @entity384 , and other morphologic abnormalities was assessed in 131 intravenous digital subtraction angiograms taken before the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital. Eight (17.0%) of the endarterectomies in the no-patch group were narrowed by 30% to 50% diameter @entity850 , whereas none of the patched arteries had more than 30% @entity850 . In contrast, dilatation of the common or internal carotid artery to more than twice the measured diameter was absent in non-patched arteries but was present in seven (17.0%) saphenous patch closures and four (9.23%) @entity736 patch closures. We conclude that patch closure after carotid endarterectomy is less likely to cause @entity850 in the perioperative period. @entity736 patches resist dilatation better than do saphenous vein patches and are less likely to become aneurysmal.

title: Comparison of saphenous vein patch, XXXX patch, and direct arteriotomy closure after carotid endarterectomy. Part I. Perioperative results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly-tetrafluoroethylene', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of seat cushions on dynamic stability in sitting during a controlled reaching task by wheelchair users with @entity451 . DESIGN: A randomized, controlled test. SETTING: Rehabilitation center. @entity1 : Nine wheelchair users with @entity451 . INTERVENTIONS: Three types of cushions--an air flotation, a generic contoured, and a flat @entity2636 foam--were tested during a controlled reaching task in ipsilateral and contralateral directions, at 45 degrees from the sagittal plane in the anterolateral direction. @entity551 ( @entity551 ) coordinates were monitored by using a pressure measurement system as well as a force platform under seat. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trajectory of @entity551 , maximal distance covered by @entity551 , maximal velocity of @entity551 ; and the index of asymmetry between right and left maximal pressure under ischial tuberosities. RESULTS: The generic contoured cushion allowed the @entity551 to cover significantly (p <.02) a larger distance (81 +/- 28mm) when compared with the air flotation (63 +/- 25mm) or the flat foam (61 +/- 29mm) cushions. The @entity551 velocity was significant (p <.05) for the generic contoured cushion (.14 +/-.05m/s) versus the air flotation (.10 +/-.04m/s) or the flat-foam (.10 +/-.03m/s) cushions. The index of asymmetry was higher for the generic contoured and the flat foam cushions. During reaching, maximal pressure under ipsilateral ischial tuberosity was significantly higher for the flat foam (275 +/- 70mmHg) and the generic contoured (235 +/- 81mmHg) cushions, when compared with the air flotation cushion (143 +/- 51mmHg). CONCLUSION: Seat cushions can significantly affect sitting balance during reaching tasks. This study provided an objective method to assess the dynamic stability of wheelchair users when they perform activities of daily living requiring reaching. These findings have implications for wheelchair seating recommendations, especially seat cushion selection.

title: Effect of seat cushion on dynamic stability in sitting during a reaching task in wheelchair users with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['COP', 'Center of pressure']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and severity of @entity1547 and to assess treatment needs among schoolchildren aged 6 and 12 in Blumenau, Brazil, and to compare the results found for private and public schools. METHODS: A schoolchildren population of Blumenau, SC, Brazil, was studied. A random sample of 1,473 schoolchildren from Blumenau, Brazil, was obtained. Four strata were studied: 6 and 12 years old schoolchildren attending public and private schools. WHO (1997) criteria for caries diagnosis and treatment needs were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries in the primary dentition of 6-years-old @entity1 was 60.9% and 34.9% in public and private schools (p<0.0001), respectively. The mean DMF-T for @entity1 aged 6 was 2.98 and 1.32 for public and private schools, respectively, (p<0.0001), and 2.42 for the whole sample. The prevalence of caries in the permanent dentition of 12-years-old @entity1 was 54.7% and the mean DMF-T was 1.46 for public schools. The response rate for private schools was low and the results could not be analyzed. Forty-two percent and 77.0% of @entity1 aged six of public and private schools, respectively, had no treatment needs. For those aged 12, the percentage was 53.0% for public schools. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of caries and the treatment needs among schoolchildren in Blumenau was low, but there was a statistically significant higher prevalence and higher severity in public school @entity1 aged six. The prevalence of caries and treatment needs at the age of 12 in public schools were also low.

title: [Prevalence and severity of XXXX among schoolchildren aged six and twelve].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1321 is a significant and increasingly recognized complication after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 3,463 @entity1 who had gastric bypass during the study period from July 1997 to December 2004 at a single bariatric center were evaluated. 1,120 @entity1 had retrocolic, retrogastric Roux limb placement and 2,343 @entity1 had antecolic, antegastric. RESULTS: 40 @entity1 had 44 @entity1321 (1.27%). The onset ranged from 1 day to 7 years postoperatively (mean 16.9 months). @entity154 was the most common cause. 36 (3.2%) obstructions were observed in retrocolic, retrogastric vs. 8 (0.3%) in antecolic, antegastric approach. @entity547 at mesocolinic effect (n = 11), jejunojejunostomy @entity154 repair (n = 7), lysis of adhesions (n = 16) were the most common procedures. A total of 70.5% were done laparoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose @entity1744 after gastric bypass. Radiological imaging of the abdomen has significant limitations. Surgical exploration should be performed without delay. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and effective therapy. We recommend closing all mesenteric defects to prevent internal @entity547 . The antecolic, antegastric technique reduces the incidence of internal @entity547 .

title: A complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Internal hernia at the transverse mesocolon defect', 'mesenteric defect']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions', 'Intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Internal hernia repair', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['intestinal obstruction']


abstract: @entity10401 ( @entity10401 ), the most common @entity5 in reproductive-age @entity1 , have recurrent @entity2008 including interstitial deletion of 7q. To develop a molecular signature, matched @entity6158 ) and non- @entity6158 ) @entity5 identified by FISH or karyotyping from 11 @entity1 were profiled with expression arrays. Our analysis using paired t tests demonstrates this matched design is critical to eliminate the confounding effects of genotype and environment that underlie @entity1 variation. A gene list ordered by genome-wide significance showed enrichment for the 7q22 target region. Modification of the gene list by weighting each sample for percent of @entity6158 ) cells to account for the mosaic nature of these @entity5 further enhanced the frequency of 7q22 genes. Pathway analysis revealed two of the 19 significant functional networks were associated with development and the most represented pathway was protein ubiquitination, which can influence @entity5 development by stabilizing oncoproteins and destabilizing @entity5 suppressor proteins. Array CGH (aCGH) studies determined the only consistent genomic imbalance was deletion of 9.5 megabases from 7q22-7q31.1. Combining the aCGH data with the @entity6158 ) @entity10401 mosaicism-weighted expression analysis resulted in a list of genes that are commonly deleted and whose copy number is correlated with significantly decreased expression. These genes include the proliferation inhibitor HPB1, the loss of expression of which has been associated with invasive @entity0 , as well as the mitosis integrity-maintenance @entity5 suppressor @entity14947 . This study provides a molecular signature of the @entity6158 ) @entity10401 subgroup and will serve as a platform for future studies of @entity5 pathogenesis.

title: Identifying the molecular signature of the interstitial deletion 7q subgroup of uterine XXXX using a paired analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['Uterine leiomyomata', 'UL']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity10401 :: (MESH:C535516,Disease) :: ['leiomyomata']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is characterized by the presence of @entity79 and frequent hypercalcaemia. These are due to an excessive osteoclastic resorption in association with a low bone formation, as demonstrated by bone histomorphometry. Conversely, B-cell @entity5 other than @entity1582 are rarely associated with @entity79 and/or hypercalcaemia. In this study we have analysed quantitative bone histology in 65 @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 other than @entity1582 at diagnosis: @entity6444 ( @entity6444 , n = 20), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 , n = 25), @entity195 ( @entity195 , n = 14), @entity1619 ( @entity1619 , n = 6). Fifty @entity1 presented no clinical evidence of increased bone resorption, including no @entity79 radiologically detectable and/or no hypercalcaemia. 80% of these @entity1 (40/50) had increased bone resorption parameter using quantitative bone histology, including 19/29 (65.5%) @entity1 with @entity6444 or @entity195 and 21/21 (100%) @entity1 with @entity1893 or @entity1619 (P less than 0.01). As a control group, seven @entity1 lacking bone marrow involvement on bone sample presented no excessive bone resorption. However, eight @entity1 presented @entity79 and/or hypercalcaemia. All of these @entity1 had increased resorption parameters with high numbers of osteoclasts per surface trabecular bone (mean = 35.3), as opposed to the @entity1 lacking @entity79 and/or hypercalcaemia (mean = 6.6, n = 28) and to normal individuals (mean +/- SD = 3.8 +/- 1.7 and 6.3 +/- 2.6, respectively before and after 60 years). In all the cases, excessive histologic bone resorption was mediated by mononuclear small osteoclasts (mean osteoclast length +/- SD = 27.3 +/- 4.1 as compared to normal range = 35.0 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.001). In different in vitro models, these small mononuclear osteoclasts are considered as progenitors. These data suggest an abnormal osteoclast differentiation in B-cell @entity5 other than @entity1582 , probably due to differences in the production of local factors acting on bone remodelling.

title: Micro-osteoclast resorption as a characteristic feature of B-cell @entity5 other than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukaemia', 'HCL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['lytic bone lesion', 'lytic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['WD', "Waldenstr  m's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 portends adverse outcomes in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery. The  relationship between @entity8 in @entity1 undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is incompletely understood. METHODS: A retrospective review of 1336 @entity1 undergoing @entity886 ( @entity886 ; 2002-2012) and 321 @entity1 undergoing TAVR (2007-2012) was performed. @entity1 were divided into 3 glomerular filtration rate (GFR) groups: GFR greater than 60 mL/min, GFR 31 to 60 mL/min, and GFR 30 mL/min or less. Logistic and linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the TAVR effect on outcomes. Risk adjustments were made using the Society for Thoracic Surgeons (STS) predicted risk of mortality (PROM). RESULTS: TAVR @entity1 were older (82 vs 65 years; P  <  .001), had a poorer ejection fraction (48% vs 53%; P  <  .001), were more likely female (45% vs 41%; P  =  .23), and had a higher STS PROM (11.9% vs 4.6%; P  <  .001). In-hospital mortality rates for TAVR and @entity886 were 3.5% and 4.1%, respectively (P  =  .60), a result that marginally favors TAVR after risk adjustment (adjusted odds ratio  =  .52, P  =  .06). In @entity886 @entity1 , worsening preoperative @entity177 was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (P  =  .004) and hospital (P  <  .001) and intensive care unit (ICU) (P  <  .001) lengths of stay. In contrast, worsening renal function did not influence in-hospital mortality (P  =  .78) and hospital (P  <  .23) and ICU (P  =  .88) lengths of stay in TAVR @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Worsening renal function was associated with increased in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, and ICU length of stay in @entity886 @entity1 , but not in TAVR @entity1 . This unexpected finding may have  important clinical implications in @entity1 with @entity472 and preoperative @entity8 .

title: Impact of varying degrees of @entity8 on transcatheter and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['SAVR', 'surgical aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['surgical aortic valve replacement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiomyoplasty represents a controversial therapy for @entity712 . The aim of this study is to review our experience of such a surgical procedure as an isolate approach to treat @entity1002 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 were considered candidates for cardiomyoplasty because of @entity712 . Mean age was 58.7 +/- 5.3 (range 48-71 years), 19 @entity1 were male and 3 were female. @entity63 or idiopathic etiology was present in 11 cases, respectively. Traditional as well as innovative techniques were used to assess hemodynamic function. Pre-operative hemodynamic profile included mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 20 +/- 5.8% (9-28%), absence of severe @entity67 , and mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 75.5 +/- 7.4 mm (range 61-92 m). All @entity1 were in New York Heart Association Class III or Intermittent IV despite conventional medical therapy. RESULTS: There was no intra-operative @entity204 . No additional surgery was performed. Left latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was used in 20 cases, and right LD in two @entity1 . Early mortality occurred in one @entity1 ( @entity998 ), whereas late mortality in five @entity1 (three sudden @entity204 , one @entity2 , one @entity712 ). Mean follow-up is 20.7 +/- 16.7 months (3-51 months). Actuarial survival at 4 years is 70%. Cardiac index increased at 6 months (3.08 +/- 0.5 l/min per m2, P = 0.04), but no other significant changes were observed in the long term (3.03 +/- 0.7 l/min per m2, 3 +/- 0.7 l/min per m2, and 2.85 +/- 0.7 l/min per m2, at 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively). Ejection fraction improved at 6 and 12 months (29.1 +/- 1.03%, P = 0.0017; and 27.3 +/- 5.6%, P = 0.0091, respectively), while no substantial augmentation was documented at 2 and 3 years (25.6 +/- 2.5% and 25.1 +/- 4.0%, respectively). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was markedly reduced at 6 (73.2 +/- 8.0 mm, P = 0.0176), 12 (69.4 +/- 8.5 mm, P = 0.002) and 24 months (71.1 +/- 7.0 mm, P = 0.011), and was then stable (74.0 +/- 9.1 mm, P = 0.47) at 36 months. Postoperative pressure/volume loop evaluation showed some improvement of hemodynamic function from skeletal muscle assistance. @entity3126 episodes, as well as number of hospitalizations, were considerably reduced following cardiomyoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, cardiomyoplasty was shown to exert moderate beneficial influence on left ventricular performance, to significantly reduce @entity384 and to promote the stabilization of the disease course.

title: Cardiomyoplasty as an isolated procedure to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['refractory left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['refractory heart failure']


abstract: Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the injured spinal cord has been shown to improve functional outcome; however, recent evidence has demonstrated forelimb @entity1931 following transplantation of embryonic NSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether transplantation of @entity19 C17.2 NSCs alone or transfected with glial-derived neurotrophic factor (C17.2/ @entity7515 ) would induce @entity1931 in transplanted spinal cord-injured animals. One week after a T8-level @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), C17.2, C17.2/ @entity7515 or normal saline was injected at the injury site. Locomotor function and sensory recovery to thermal and mechanical stimuli were then measured. Spinal cords were processed immunohistochemically at the injury/transplantation site for characterization of NSC survival and differentiation; and at the cervicothoracic level for @entity12819 ( @entity12819 ), a neuropeptide expressed in dorsal horn nocioceptive neurons, and @entity22262 ( @entity22262 ), a marker of neuronal sprouting. Locomotor function was not significantly improved following NSC transplantation at any time (P >0.05). Significant forelimb thermal and mechanical @entity1931 were observed following transplantation with both NSC populations (P <0.05). The C17.2 and C17.2/ @entity7515 NSCs survived and differentiated into a predominately astrocytic population. @entity12819 and @entity22262 immunoreactivity significantly increased and co-localized in cervicothoracic dorsal horn laminae I-III following C17.2 and C17.2/ @entity7515 transplantation. This study demonstrated that @entity19 C17.2 NSCs differentiated primarily into astrocytes when transplanted into the injured spinal cord, and resulted in thermal and mechanical forelimb @entity1931 . Sprouting of nocioceptive afferents occurred rostral to the injury/transplantation site only in allodynic animals, suggesting a principal role in this aberrant @entity158 state. Further, a difference in the degree of @entity1931 was noted between C17.2- and C17.2/ @entity7515 transplant-treated groups; this difference correlated with the level of @entity12819 / @entity22262 immunoreactivity and sprouting observed in the cervicothoracic dorsal horns. Both @entity1931 - and @entity12819 / @entity22262 -positive afferent sprouting were less in the C17.2/ @entity7515 group compared to the C17.2 group, suggesting a possible protective or analgesic effect of @entity7515 on post-injury @entity9 .

title: @entity158 with no gain: @entity1931 following neural stem cell transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity12819 :: ('12310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Calcitonin gene-related peptide', 'CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reports the outcome of a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy (CT) for @entity162 . The treatment protocol differed from other published forms of CT for @entity162 through the addition of emotive techniques. METHOD: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity162 were randomly allocated to a 6-month trial of either CT or treatment as usual, with both treatment groups also receiving mood stabilizers. Outcome measures included relapse rates, dysfunctional attitudes, psychosocial functioning, hopelessness, self-control, and medication adherence. @entity1 were assessed during treatment by independent raters blind to the @entity1 ' group status. RESULTS: At posttreatment, @entity1 allocated to CT had experienced less severe @entity308 scores (Beck Depression Inventory and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and less dysfunctional attitudes. After controlling for the presence of major @entity308 at baseline, there was a statistical trend toward a greater time to depressive relapse (p=.06) for the CT group. At 12-month follow-up, the CT group showed a trend toward lower Young Mania Rating Scale scores and improved behavioral self-control. The Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, comparing the 18 months prior to treatment to the severity of illness status at follow-up, showed a substantial difference between groups in favor of CT. CONCLUSION: Our findings corroborate previous @entity162 research in demonstrating the value of CT, particularly immediately post-treatment, and indicate some continuation (albeit diminishing) of benefits in the succeeding 12 months. These findings suggest that @entity458 may be crucial for maintaining the beneficial effects of cognitive therapy.

title: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for XXXX : focus on long-term change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'DSM-IV bipolar I or II disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological booster sessions']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Since the introduction of @entity4020 (IFN alpha-2b) into clinical oncology there have been several reports dealing with @entity810 during therapy with this new type of anticancer drug. We investigated 58 @entity1 (pts) with @entity6961 (56 pts with @entity1860 , 2 pts with @entity4407 ) who were treated with 4 x 10(6) IU IFN alpha-2b each day subcutaneously. In order to assess the nephrotoxic potential we used the following noninvasive methods: 1. Analysis of the excretion of 4 urinary enzymes (LDH, @entity3813 , GGT, NAG), 2. Determination of the excretion of protein, albumin, alpha-1-microglobulin immunoglobulin G (Ig G), 3. serum @entity1011 . The investigations were done every 2 weeks and took 70 weeks. We found an increase in the excretion of all 4 enzymes which remained stable during the whole observation period, protein excretion was pathological in about 20% of all pts and reached values of up to 9.07 g/L alpha-1-microglobulin was excreted in pathological amounts in about 20% of all pts during the whole observation period, albumin was found in pathological quantities in about 15% of all pts and Ig G was pathologically increased in the urine in about 10% of the pts. Serum @entity1011 rose in 5-10% of the pts up to 1.5 mg/dL. In conclusion, IFN alpha-2b is capable of inducing combined glomerular and tubular damage. Therefore, avoiding additional nephrotoxic insults is desirable.

title: Investigations on the subclinical and clinical nephrotoxicity of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6961 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative syndromes']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon alpha-2B']


abstract: There are conflicting data concerning the safety and biocompatibility of @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs). In some reports CNTs have been used for gene delivery without significant @entity137 , whereas in others various cytotoxic effects were observed, including induction of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis. Although it is clear that CNT production methods, purity, and functionalization treatments impact on biocompatibility, most of the published reports lack detailed characterization of the CNT samples used. We investigated the effect of various physicochemical features of multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) on @entity137 and biocompatibility with cultured @entity1 @entity521 cells by using @entity98 , WST-1, Hoechst, and oxidative stress assays. In vitro experiments confirm that after 3 days of incubation with three different types of CNTs dispersed in @entity12185 solution, 0.01% cell viability is not affected and apoptosis and ROS are not induced in the SH-SY5Y cells. With prolonged cultures and continued propagation in the presence of MWCNTs, the loss of cell viability was minimal for pure MWCNTs (99% purity), but cell proliferation decreased significantly for 97% purity MWCNTs and acid-treated MWCNTs (97% purity, surface oxidation 8%); no intracellular ROS were detected. When the concentration of CNTs increases, purity and surface oxidation seem to affect cell viability (ED(25) is 48, 34.4, and 18.4 mug/mL, respectively, for 99% purity MWCNTs, 97% purity MWCNTs, and acid-treated 97% purity MWCNTs. Our results indicate that concentrations of 5-10 mug/mL MWCNTs seem ideal for studies on the design and development of artificial MWCNT nanovectors for gene and drug therapy against @entity5 . FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: With prolonged cultures, loss of cell viability was minimal for preparations with 99% purity, but significant adverse effects were detected with 97% purity and with acid-treated preparations. A concentrations of 5-10 mug/mL of MWCNTs seems ideal for gene and drug therapy against @entity5 .

title: Influence of purity and surface oxidation on cytotoxicity of multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes with XXXX @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was conducted to reappraise the efficacy of redo-Kasai (or revision) in the era of liver transplantation as a treatment option in those @entity1 with recurrent @entity1087 after initially successful Kasai procedure. METHODS: We studied ten @entity1 that received redo-Kasai, among a total of 102 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2876 after receiving Kasai operation from 1986 to 2011. RESULTS: Kasai operation was done at a median age of 55 days and redo-Kasai at 150 days. The @entity648 levels returned to normal in six @entity1 after the procedure. Four of six enjoyed @entity1087 -free survival with native liver till the time of last follow-up. Three @entity1 died and three received liver transplantation (LT). Only one out of seven @entity1 with three or more episodes of @entity255 survived with native liver, while all the three @entity1 with 1 or 0 episode survived with native liver. The difference was significant (P = 0.033). Re-do Kasai did not result in more @entity190 or operative time during LT. CONCLUSION: Redo-Kasai is still valuable in the era of LT and the episodes of @entity255 are the decisive factors affecting the outcome of the procedure.

title: Reappraise the effect of redo-Kasai for recurrent @entity1087 following Kasai operation for XXXX in the era of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical signs of awakening and recovery from anesthesia with @entity2614 and 60% @entity3810 in comparison with @entity1508 and @entity3810 administered to @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: A prospective study in 39 pediatric ASA I-II @entity1 under 10 years of age scheduled for infraumbilical or otolaryngological surgery. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 groups to receive @entity2614 (n = 20) or @entity1508 (n = 19). All the @entity1 received nasal doses of 0.2 mg/kg-1 midazolam before surgery. Induction was achieved by inhalation of a mixture of 40% @entity26 and 60% @entity3810 by face mask along with increasing concentrations of @entity2614 or @entity1508 . Maintenance was with halogenated anesthetic at 1 MAC and 60% @entity3810 - @entity26 along with nerve blockade in the infraumbilical procedures or intravenous analgesia in the otolaryngological operations. We recorded time until awakening, orientation, score on the Aldrete scale and adverse effects during the recovery period. RESULTS: The @entity1 who received @entity2614 awoke and were well oriented earlier than were those in the @entity1508 group (10.7 +/- 5.8 versus 18.7 +/- 9.8 min until awakening and 15.4 +/- 8.6 versus 22.1 +/- 10 min for orientation); likewise the @entity2614 group @entity1 received higher scores on Aldrete's scale earlier than did those in the @entity1508 group. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups with respect to side effects during the period of awakening and recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Awakening and recovery are significantly faster with @entity2614 than with @entity1508 , while the incidence of side effects are similar with the 2 agents.

title: [Comparative study of recovery from general anesthesia with XXXX or @entity2614 in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimal management of @entity706 , according to consensus guidelines, is based on uncontrolled experiences of select institutions. Diverse treatment approaches are used despite guidelines that recommend radiation therapy (XRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed outcomes of @entity1 with @entity706 enrolled onto the National LymphoCare database. RESULTS: Of 471 @entity1 with @entity706 , 206 @entity1 underwent @entity5 as defined by both a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and an imaging study (a computed tomography [CT] scan of the whole body, a positron emission tomography [PET]/CT scan, or both). Rigorously staged @entity1 had superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared with nonrigorously staged @entity1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63). Treatments given to rigorously staged @entity1 were rituximab/chemotherapy (R-chemo; 28%), XRT (27%), observation (17%), systemic therapy + XRT (13%), rituximab monotherapy (12%), and other (3%). With a median follow-up of 57 months for PFS, there were 44 progression events (in 21% of @entity1 ) for rigorously staged @entity1 . For these @entity1 , PFS was significantly improved with either R-chemo or systemic therapy + XRT compared with @entity1 receiving XRT alone after adjustment for histology, LDH, and the presence of B symptoms. There were no differences in overall survival. CONCLUSION: In this largest, prospectively enrolled group of @entity1 with @entity706 , variable treatment approaches resulted in similar excellent outcomes, which challenges the paradigm that XRT should be standard for this presentation.

title: Effectiveness of first-line management strategies for XXXX : analysis of the National LymphoCare Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous staging']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['stage I follicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['stage I follicular lymphoma']


abstract: Acute @entity7140 developed in 16 of 92 @entity1 with @entity810 who had no prior or @entity253 . The cause of this complication is considered to be multifactorial. Risk factors include @entity295 , previous surgery, @entity130 , total parential nutrition, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, opiate sedation, multiple transfusions and @entity551 . One @entity1 had 5 risk factors, 15 had 6 or more. Diagnosis was based on clinical suspicion, serial ultrasound scanning and serial estimations of white cell count, liver function and @entity1851 . Four @entity1 were treated conservatively with antibiotics and ultrasound observation, 10 underwent cholecystotomy and 2 @entity1 had cholecystectomy. Eleven @entity1 survived (69% survival). No @entity1 treated by cholecystotomy required further surgery to the biliary tract. Acute @entity7140 has become a significant complication in our "high risk" @entity810 as intensive care has advanced and @entity1 are surviving longer. Prompt and appropriate treatment will prevent it contributing significantly to the already high mortality of @entity810 . Anticipation is the watchword.

title: Acute XXXX in @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure population', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['coincidental biliary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity7140 :: (MESH:D042101,Disease) :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: MenAfriVac is a new conjugate vaccine against @entity3631 serogroup A, the major cause of @entity693 outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa. In @entity3456 , the MenAfriVac introduction campaign was conducted in the District of Filingue, during September 2010, targeting 392,211 individuals aged 1-29 years. We set up an enhanced spontaneous surveillance system to monitor adverse events following immunization (AEFI) during the campaign period and 42 days thereafter. METHODS: All the 33 health centres of the district have been designated as surveillance units, which reported AEFIs on a daily basis to the health district headquarters. Health care workers were instructed to screen @entity1 presenting with predefined conditions of interest and @entity1 spontaneously presenting at units or at vaccination posts with complaints after vaccination. Cases were classified as serious (resulting in @entity204 , hospitalization or long-term disability) or minor. A National Expert Committee was established to determine if serious cases were causally associated with the vaccine. RESULTS: In total, 356,532 vaccine doses were administered. During 61 days of monitoring, 82 suspected AEFIs were reported: 16 severe and 66 minor. The cumulative incidence was of 23.0 per 100,000 doses. Among severe cases, 14 were classified as coincidences, one @entity110 complicated by respiratory distress was classified as a probable vaccine reaction, and one @entity204 was unclassifiable because post-mortem information was unavailable. The number of units that reported at least one case was 19/33 (57.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Although these results are limited by underreporting of cases, we did not identify safety concerns with MenAfriVac. The lessons learned from this experience should be used to reinforce the national pharmacovigilance system in @entity3456 to make it complaint with international standards. In order to do so, we recommend using a lighter system for routine; and conducting regular training and supervisory activities to increase its acceptance among local health workers.

title: Monitoring adverse events following immunization with a new conjugate vaccine against group A meningococcus in XXXX , September 2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: The development of the @entity1573 embryonic calvarium, an intramembranous bone, is characterized by direct differentiation of cranial ectomesenchymal cells into osteoblasts without the formation of a cartilage anlage. Collagen biosynthesis remains predominantly as type I in the calvaria. However, in severely @entity460 -deficient @entity1573 embryos maintained in shell-less (SL) culture, cartilage-specific @entity9723 is synthesized by the calvaria. Immunohistochemistry localized the cells expressing @entity9723 to undermineralized regions of the SL bone. In this study, collagen gene expression in bones of normal (N) and @entity460 -deficient SL @entity1573 embryos was examined at Incubation Day 14 by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. A critical step in the procedure, which used biotinylated cDNA probes, was the selection of fixation conditions which maximized RNA retention and maintenance of tissue morphology. Tissues fixed in modified Carnoy's fixative (58% @entity1068 , 30% choloroform, 10% @entity1543 , 2% @entity406 ) for 2-4 hr at -20 degrees C sectioned well and retained their cell morphology and cytoplasmic RNA. Other treatments important for the procedure included demineralization in 0.25 M @entity5828 and removal of matrix by hyaluronidase digestion. In situ hybridization with type-specific collagen cDNA probes revealed that @entity9723 mRNA was present in cells throughout the SL calvaria. More importantly, cells with @entity9723 mRNA were also present in N calvaria which do not synthesize the protein. The overall abundance of type II-positive cells in N calvaria was not significantly different from that in SL calvaria, but their distribution throughout the bones differed. In general, the regional distribution of type II cells was inversely correlated with the extent of matrix mineralization. In the N calvaria, cells containing collagen type II mRNA were absent in the extensively mineralized superior zone, but were found in the temporal zone which showed limited mineralization. On the other hand, in the SL calvaria, which were substantially undermineralized overall, cells with type II mRNA were found throughout the tissue. Interestingly, the overall ratio of type I cells to type II cells was approximately 50% higher in N calvaria. These findings suggest that collagen type mRNA expression in the @entity1573 embryonic calvarium is correlated with, and perhaps dependent on, the extent of tissue matrix mineralization.

title: Expression of collagen type transcripts in XXXX embryonic bone detected by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since it is of great importance to distinguish between a @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and an @entity281 caused by microbes especially after heart transplantation (HTX), we examined @entity1 following heart surgery by determining @entity1904 (PCT), because PCT is said to be secreted only in @entity1 with microbial infections. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 14 @entity1 after heart transplantation were included in this prospective study. In the CABG group we had 30 @entity1 without any @entity260 (group A). Furthermore we took samples of 30 @entity1 who suffered postoperatively from a @entity295 (group B, n=15) or a @entity1850 (C, n=15). In addition we measured the PCT-levels in 65 blood samples of 14 @entity1 after heart transplantation (Group I: rejection > IIa, II: @entity1800 ( @entity2834 ), III: @entity2348 , IV: controls). RESULTS: In all @entity1 of group A the pre- and intraoperative PCT-values and the measurement at arrival on intensive care unit (ICU) were less than 0.2 ng/ml. On the second postoperative day the PCT-value was 0.33+/-0.15 ng/ml in the control group. At the same time it was 19.6+/-6.2 ng/ml in @entity295 and 0.7+/-0.4 ng/ml in @entity1850 @entity1 (P<0.05). In transplanted @entity1 we could find the following PCT-values: Gr.I: 0.18+/-0.06 II: 0.30+/-0.09 III: 1.63+/-1.16 IV: 0.21+/-0.09 ng/ml (P<0.05 comparing group III with I, II and IV). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and @entity1850 do not initiate a PCT-secretion. Septic conditions cause a significant increase of PCT. In addition, PCT is a reliable indicator concerning the essential differentiation of @entity364 and rejection after heart transplantation.

title: XXXX (PCT) in cardiac surgery: diagnostic value in @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), @entity295 and after heart transplantation (HTX).

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial/fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal--not viral--infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of voiding in a population undergoing @entity2650 repair to determine whether @entity1 had @entity1876 at various intervals of followup after the last operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of approximately 600 @entity1 undergoing @entity2650 repair at our department during a 30-year interval 175, 40 months to 66 years old were evaluated. Therefore, we created a cross-sectional study group for evaluation of voiding function. All @entity1 had undergone the final operation for @entity2650 at least 1 year previously and were toilet trained. Severity of the @entity1613 was scored together with the operative technique. Parameters evaluated were medical history, physical examination and uroflowmetry using a rotating disk. Uroflowmetry data (maximum flow rate and voided volume) were plotted in age-related nomograms in 4 different age groups: less than 8 (28 @entity1 ), 9 to 14 (18), 15 to 21 (39) and more than 21 (91) years old. All flow charts were evaluated by 2 of us (J. F. A. v. d. W. and E. B.). RESULTS: The severity of @entity66 was grade 1 in 30% of the @entity1 , grade 2 in 57%, grade 3 in 10%, grade 4 in 2% and unknown in 2%. The operative technique performed was a van der Meulen repair in 113 @entity1 (65%), a combined Byars-Denis Browne repair in 56 (32%) and miscellaneous in 6 (3%). According to the uroflowmetry nomograms there was a tendency for an increased number of @entity1 to have a normal maximum flow rate with increasing age. A total of 14 @entity1 had a flow curve that suggested distal urethra obstruction and none was symptomatic. There was no difference in uroflowmetry characteristics regarding the operative technique. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in uroflowmetry could be established among the operations. There seemed to be a tendency towards improvement in uroflowmetry with increasing followup. There was no direct relationship between low maximum flow rates and clinical apparent obstruction.

title: Urodynamic evaluation of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial disease']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: @entity1512 is uncommon in @entity1 and presents in different ways at different ages. It is most difficult to diagnose in the uncommunicative toddler of one to three years of age. We present 11 consecutive cases. The non-specific clinical features included refusal to walk (63%), back @entity158 (27%), @entity1643 (50%) and a @entity393 (40%). Laboratory tests were unhelpful and cultures of blood and disc tissue were negative. MRI reduces the diagnostic delay and may help to avoid the requirement for a biopsy. In 75% of cases it demonstrated a paravertebral inflammatory mass, which helped to determine the duration of the oral therapy given after initial intravenous antibiotics. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (10 to 40), all the spines were mobile and the @entity1 free from @entity158 . Radiological fusion occurred in 20% and was predictable after two years. At follow-up, MRI showed variable appearances: changes in the vertebral body usually resolved at 24 months and recovery of the disc was seen after 34 months.

title: XXXX in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['inability to flex the lower back']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lumbar lordosis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['Discitis']


abstract: Since @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) has been involved in the regulation of cellular immunity, the aim of the presence study was to evaluate whether the age-dependent reduction of @entity2990 was associated with changes of natural killer (NK) immune function in healthy elderly subjects and in @entity1 with @entity195 of the @entity195 (SDAT). Circulating @entity2990 was determined throughout 24 h (circadian profile). NK cytotoxic activity was measured as spontaneous and induced @entity137 during exposure with @entity2990 (10(-7) M), @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ; 100 IU) and @entity1199 (100 IU) coincubated with @entity2990 (10(-7) M). @entity2990 was significantly reduced in healthy elderly subjects (mesor M +/- SD = 2.3 +/- 0.5 micromol/l) and SDAT (1.6 +/- 0.4 micromol/l) @entity1 compared to healthy young subjects (6.7 +/- 0.9 micromol/l; p < 0.001); significant differences were also found when healthy elderly subjects and SDAT @entity1 were compared (p < 0.01). A significant inverse correlation between age and @entity2990 levels was demonstrated in SDAT and healthy elderly subjects (p < 0.05). The decrease in 24-hour @entity2990 secretion was associated with a higher NK cytotoxic response to @entity2990 in the healthy elderly subject group than in healthy subjects of young age (p < 0.01). Increased NK cell activity during @entity1199 incubation was found in @entity1 with SDAT in comparison with the healthy elderly subject (p < 0.001). On the contrary, NK cell cytotoxic response of SDAT @entity1 was less pronounced during @entity2990 exposure and when @entity2990 was coincubated with @entity1199 (p < 0.001). These data suggest an immunomodulatory role of @entity2990 on NK functional activity in physiological aging and SDAT. The antagonizing effect of @entity2990 on NK overactivity during exposure with cytokines might counteract some neuroimmune components related to the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.

title: XXXX decreases the @entity1199 -mediated overactivity of the natural killer cell compartment in @entity195 of the @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type', 'senile dementia']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

answer: @entity9027 :: (MESH:D019314,Chemical) :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of an internet self-management program for @entity785 on self-efficacy, health efficacy, and management of care, @entity158 , fatigue, functional ability, and @entity308 . METHODS: @entity1 logged on to a password-protected web site and completed modules and learning activities at their own pace over 10 weeks. @entity1 were encouraged to log on to the discussion board, participate in an interactive component of the web site, and respond to questions posted for each module. @entity1 completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires on perceived self-efficacy, health efficacy, ability to manage care, functional disability, @entity308 , @entity158 , and fatigue. They also completed an 8-question evaluation form regarding satisfaction with the web site, program content, discussion boards, and learning activities. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 completed the study and postintervention measures. There were significant improvements in mean scores for ability to manage care (effect size [ES] 0.62, P = 0.025) and health efficacy (ES 0.72, P = 0.012), and significant decreases in fatigue (ES 0.55, P = 0.045) and @entity308 (ES 0.71, P = 0.013). Self-efficacy improved, but not significantly. The evaluation of the program revealed mean scores ranging from 4.2 (web site was visually appealing) to 4.9 (information presented clearly) on a 5-point scale, where 5 is most satisfied. CONCLUSION: These findings from this pilot study suggest that a self-management program delivered using an internet format can lead to statistically significant changes in health efficacy and management of care, fatigue, and @entity308 . These results need to be confirmed with a larger randomized controlled trial with a longer followup period.

title: Taking charge of XXXX : a pilot study to assess the effectiveness of an internet self-management program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Previously characterized by us @entity2247 chloroplast @entity52103 gene, which encodes one of the main Photosystem II components--D1 protein, has been inserted in a set of special plasmid vectors and its expression in vitro and in vivo has been investigated. Experiments on the in vitro expression in the @entity95 reticulocyte lysate system revealed a major product with a molecular weight ca. 33.5 kD, which corresponds to the unprocessed D1 @entity2247 protein. A lower molecular weight protein (about 29 kD) was also observed. These results are in agreement with the existence of two potential translation start sites in the @entity52103 gene in the same reading frame, the second one starting from Met37 residue. The results fully correlate with the earlier data on the in vitro expression of @entity52103 genes of @entity2829 , @entity3587 , and @entity286 . Experiments on the in vivo expression of @entity52103 gene in @entity526 cells with the above constructions also revealed proteins with m. w. about 33.5 and 29 kD. The yield of the target recombinant protein in some cases was about 25-30% of the total @entity526 cellular protein. The correspondence of the bands to the desired products was proved by the immunoenzyme analysis with the use of polyclonal antibodies. The data obtained show for the first time the construction of @entity526 strains producing recombinant D1 protein of cereals in a high level.

title: [Expression of the gene coding for the D1-protein of XXXX photosystem II in @entity526 ].

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: Radical prostatectomy remains the mainstay for the treatment of @entity263 . Long-term follow-up data showed excellent @entity5 control rates in several prostatectomy series. We report biochemical recurrence (BCR) outcomes after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) in a European single center series of @entity1 treated over a 13-year period. Between 1992 and 06/2005, 4,277 consecutive @entity1 underwent a RRP at the University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany. Kaplan-Meier probabilities of BCR-free survival were determined for those @entity1 with complete preoperative data, postoperative data, and follow-up information. Uni-and multivariate Cox regression models addressed PSA recurrence, defined as a PSA level > or = 0.1 ng/ml. Overall, BCR-free survival ranged between 84, 70 and 61% for 2, 5, and 8 years, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, except for age and type of nerve-sparing technique, all traditional clinical and pathological variables represented statistically independent predictors of PSA recurrence-free survival (all P < or = 0.001). In organ-confined disease, the 10-year recurrence free survival rate was 80 and 30% in non-organ-confined @entity5 . Our findings confirm excellent long-term biochemical @entity5 -control outcomes after RRP. High grade prostate @entity5 at final pathology and seminal vesicle invasion proved to be the strongest risk factors of BCR after surgery.

title: Anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy-long-term recurrence-free survival rates for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: A major problem in @entity20770 breeding in East Africa is the high mortality rate of young @entity20770 @entity291 . The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of @entity20770 colostrum and extent of the @entity291 passive immunization by maternal antibodies. In 31 @entity20770 birth on a ranch in Kenya, IgG concentrations in the colostrum and in the serum of the @entity291 during the first three days of life were measured. IgG concentration in the serum of the @entity291 reaches a maximum 24 hours after birth. In 39% of the examined @entity291 , this maximum concentration was below 4 g/l. In 61% of the calves, an IgG concentration of more than 4 g/l was reached. No correlation was found between diseased animals and the IgG concentrations in the serum of the @entity291 involved. A minor IgG concentration can be excluded as a reason for @entity291 mortality. The high percentage of insufficient IgG concentration in the serum of the @entity291 therefore must be caused by insufficient intake of colostrum. Future measures in order to decrease @entity291 mortality must therefore try to improve the management of @entity291 , especially the sufficient intake of colostrum.

title: [The supply of newborn @entity20770 foals ( XXXX ) with immunoglobulin G].

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['Camelus dromedarius']


abstract: @entity775 ( @entity775 ), @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) and @entity991 ( @entity991 ) are @entity74 , resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. For many years, investigators have attempted to delineate the genetic architecture of these conditions, aiming to elucidate disease pathogenesis and identify molecular targets for pharmacotherapy. Early genetic studies consisted of HLA association studies and non-HLA candidate gene association studies, designed to identify association with selected HLA or non-HLA loci. HLA association studies identified HLA risk loci that are now well-established. Non-HLA candidate gene studies were less fruitful because they were mostly underpowered to detect modest effects and were frequently designed to investigate one or two functional polymorphisms, meaning that gene coverage was poor. Furthermore, weak associations detected in one small cohort were often never validated. If replication studies were undertaken, the results were often conflicting. More recently, a series of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and related study designs have evaluated the impact of common genetic variants (frequency >5% in the general population) across the entire genome. These studies have identified several non-HLA risk loci for @entity409 . The majority of risk loci detected are similar to those of non-hepatic immune-mediated diseases, suggesting that outcomes from GWAS and related genetic studies reflect broad phenotypic themes rather than traditional clinical conditions. The specific genetic basis of these @entity2835 and @entity991 associated inflammatory themes as determined by GWAS is described and discussed in the context of interacting genetic and non-genetic (including environmental) factors.

title: Novel insights into XXXX provided by genome-wide association studies.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex disorders']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['autoimmune liver diseases']


abstract: In a population-based study involving 4019 @entity1 in 20 peripheral health facilities in Nigeria, the outcome of presumptive @entity311 treatment with MSP was compared to that of CQ. The study was conducted between January 1995 and January 1996. @entity1 aged 6 months or more with a clinical diagnosis of @entity311 based on history of fever and axillary temperature > 37.5 degrees C were either treated with MSP (250 mg @entity8775 , 500 mg @entity16945 , and 25 mg @entity4765 per tablet) or CQ (150 mg @entity503 base per tablet). The clinical cure rate was assessed by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms over a 7-day period. Tolerability was assessed by the incidence of adverse events (adverse drug reaction and intercurrent illness). The result shows that the clinical care rate of suspected @entity311 was 97.6% with MSP and 85.6% with CQ. The incidence of adverse event was 9.5% with MSP and 9.2% with CQ. The withdrawal rate was 2.0% with MSP and 5.0% with CQ; 3.5% of the @entity1 in the CQ group withdrew due to adverse events compared to 0.47% with MSP. In conclusion it was observed that in addition to superior efficacy of MSP over CQ, fever clearance rate with MSP was comparable to that of CQ. The study also demonstrated that two tablets maximum dose of MSP is safe and effective in a large population of Nigeria @entity311 @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity311 in north-eastern and south-eastern Nigeria: a population study of @entity8775 , XXXX , @entity4765 combination (MSP) vs @entity503 (CQ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity16945 :: (CHEBI:9329,Chemical) :: ['sulphadoxine']


abstract: Leader peptidase (LP) is the enzyme responsible for proteolytic cleavage of the @entity535 leader sequence from bacterial preproteins. Recent data indicate that LP may be an unusual @entity563 proteinase which operates without involvement of a @entity3793 residue (M. T. Black, J. G. R. Munn, and A. E. Allsop, Biochem. J. 282:539-543, 1992; M. Sung and R. E. Dalbey, J. Biol. Chem. 267:13154-13159, 1992) and that, therefore, one or more alternative residues must perform the function of a catalytic base. With the aid of sequence alignments, site-specific mutagenesis of the gene encoding LP (lepB) from @entity526 has been employed to investigate the mechanism of action of the enzyme. Various mutant forms of plasmid-borne LP were tested for their abilities to complement the temperature-sensitive activity of LP in @entity526 IT41. Data are presented which indicate that the only conserved @entity535 residue possessing a side chain with the potential to ionize, and therefore with the potential to transfer protons, which cannot be substituted with a neutral side chain is @entity376 at position 145. The data suggest that the catalytic activity of LP is dependent on the operation of a @entity563 - @entity376 catalytic dyad.

title: Evidence that the catalytic activity of prokaryote leader peptidase depends upon the operation of a @entity563 - XXXX catalytic dyad.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7606 ( @entity7606 ) is the most common form of chronic @entity5253 . The standard treatment for @entity7606 is @entity8701 , which is accompanied with complications such as a bitter taste. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of garlic with @entity8701 in @entity7606 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This randomised clinical trial study was performed on 40 @entity1 with @entity7606 . After obtaining written consent, @entity1 were divided into two groups while members of each group were given either @entity8701 or garlic extract for 4 weeks. The length and width of erythema area was measured at the end of the first, second, third, and the fourth weeks using a calliper. Data were analysed by SPSS and statistical tests including variance analysis with anova repeated measures, chi-square, and least square differences. RESULTS: The changes in the length and width of erythema at different times according to the type of treatment were found to be significant while an accelerated recovery was demonstrated for @entity8701 (p < 0.001). Both regimens resulted in significant recovery (p < 0.0001). Greater satisfaction with the use of garlic rather than @entity8701 was mentioned (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Considering the efficacy of garlic and lack of side effects for this compound and also regarding the @entity8701 -associated complications, garlic extract can be introduced as a substitution for standard treatment in @entity7606 .

title: Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and XXXX mouthwash in denture stomatitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity7606 :: ('MESH:D013282', 'Disease') :: ['DS', 'Denture stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity8701 :: (MESH:D009761,Chemical) :: ['nystatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical activity as a risk factor for @entity510 . METHODS: A population based case-control study in King County, Washington. A standardised, personal interview was used to determine physical activity during the past year and at the onset of the bleed for case @entity1 and a similar reference time for control subjects. Conditional logistic regression and a case cross over analysis were performed in which each case @entity1 served as his or her own control. Subjects were 149 @entity1 and @entity1 with incident, spontaneous @entity510 and two control subjects per case @entity1 . Control subjects were identified through random digit dialing and matched on age, sex, and respondent type. RESULTS: Four of the 149 (2.7%) case @entity1 were engaged in vigorous physical activity at the time of their @entity510 . With those who were engaged in non-vigorous or no physical activity serving as the reference group, the relative risk of sustaining a @entity510 for those engaged in vigorous physical activity was 11.6 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-113.2). In the case cross over analysis, the relative risk was 15.0 (95% CI 4.3-52.2). Higher levels of long term regular physical activity over the past year were associated with a lower, but not statistically significant, risk of @entity510 (test for trend, p=0.3). CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity510 is increased during vigorous physical activity, although only a few result from this mechanism.

title: Physical activity and XXXX : a population based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: This study has been initiated by the definite need of a rapid, in vitro and @entity1 -specific test to examine oncolytic drug effects on @entity5 cells. Therefore, we applied a test in which we monitored the incorporation of labelled @entity2642 in @entity5 cells, as a measure of nucleus activity (i.e. the Volm assay). A novel technique of erythrocytes co-precipitation has been developed and this enabled us to use a small number of @entity5 cells per test (200,000 cells/tube). During the assay, a strict pH control and a high starting viability have been introduced. A cytotoxic control and a t-test at two levels deal with the technical errors and the imprecision. For the evaluation of a specific drug a number of 1.8 million cells proved to be sufficient. Time-course studies of the incorporation of labelled @entity2642 into @entity5 cells have shown the optimal incubation time to be 2 h. The entire assay is completed within one day. HeLa cell cultures were employed as quality control material and criteria for interpretation have been developed. Preliminary results, based upon the evaluation of 43 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity632 , indicate the correctness of the proposed procedures. In conclusion we can state that this assay not only provides useful information but above all that the results are made available in such a short time that they can be used directly in the medical management of the individual @entity1 .

title: Rapid assay for the in vitro chemosensitivity testing of @entity1 XXXX . Control of assay conditions and quality assurance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumours']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the unusual MR features of @entity1644 following @entity1906 and to discuss the neurosurgical aspect of the treatment of this rare entity. Four years after a @entity1906 , a 30 year-old female @entity1 developed a progressive @entity3500 . MR studies revealed multiloculated syrinxes throughout the thoracic cord. She had a syringo-subarachnoid shunt with a silastic "T" tube inserted. On the first postoperative day, she showed a dramatic neurological improvement, but unfortunately her paraparesis progressed to the preoperative level within a month despite diminished size of the syrinxes on the control MRI examination. Two and a half years after the operation the @entity1 complained of having a burning @entity158 , and further deterioration in neurological function. Thoracic spinal MRI examination demonstrated enlarged syringomyelic cavities. At the second operation syringo-peritoneal shunt insertion was performed via right T10-11 hemilaminectomy using a "T" tube. At present, 4 months after the second operation, the @entity1 's neurological examination demonstrated decreased @entity508 , and improved strength in the legs compared to the preoperative level. MRI is the first choice of investigation in detecting @entity1906 related @entity602 as it provides a greater detail of pathological changes within and around the spinal cord such as syrinx formation and @entity2443 . The MR findings are also helpful in deciding the management and predicting the outcome. Presence of multifocal loculations and @entity2443 is the likely cause of treatment failures and poor prognosis.

title: XXXX --as a late complication of @entity1906 .

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TB meningitis', 'TB meningitis episode', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['type of central pain']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis', 'arachnoid adhesions']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['Syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Division of secondary chords (chordal cutting) has been proposed as a method for decreasing mitral valve leaflet tethering and @entity339 in @entity1 with @entity339 . However, very little clinical data exist to date for this procedure. METHODS: We compared echocardiographic and clinical data in @entity1 who underwent chordal-cutting mitral valve repair (n = 43) and those undergoing conventional mitral valve repair (control, n = 49) for @entity339 . RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent chordal cutting had a higher prevalence of recent @entity583 , @entity66 , @entity6 , and @entity1095 (all P < .05). Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in the chordal-cutting group (33 +/- 2% vs 44 +/- 2%) (mean +/- SE) and preoperative tent height was greater (11.7 +/- 0.5 vs 9.7 +/- 0.6 mm; both P < .01). In-hospital mortality was 10% in control @entity1 and 9% in the chordal-cutting group (P = .9). Other complication rates were similar for the two groups. The reduction in tent height before-to-after repair was similar in the two groups of @entity1 , but those undergoing chordal cutting had a greater reductions in tent area (53 +/- 3% vs 41 +/- 3%; P = .01). The chordal-cutting group also had greater mobility of the anterior leaflet, as measured by a reduction in the distance between the free edge of the anterior mitral valve leaflet and the posterior left ventricular wall (24 +/- 3% vs 11 +/- 4%; P = .01). Control @entity1 had more recurrent @entity339 during 2 years of follow-up by univariate (37% vs 15%; P = .03) and multivariate analysis (P = .03). Chordal cutting did not adversely affect postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (10% +/- 5% relative increase in left ventricular ejection fraction vs 11% +/- 6% in the control group; P = .9). CONCLUSION: Chordal cutting improves mitral @entity340 and reduces @entity339 recurrence in @entity1 with @entity339 , without any obvious deleterious effects on left ventricular function.

title: Initial results of the chordal-cutting operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'ischemic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['left main disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve leaflet mobility']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: Cooking salt fortified with @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) has been successfully used to control @entity3754 in several parts of the world. The kinetics and efficacy of @entity6567 -fortified salt in clearing microfilaraemias of @entity2757 and the salt's tolerability and safety are examined in this study. Twenty individuals with @entity2757 microfilaraemias (pre-treatment levels of 108-6358 microfilariae/ml; median = 309/ml) consumed @entity6567 -fortified salt (0.2%, w/w) with their food for 1 year, initially in hospital (for 1 week) and later at home. The mean daily intake of @entity6567 was 21.4 mg (range = 9.0-39.4 mg). Even on the first day of consuming the salt, there was a decrease in the microfilarial levels of 14 @entity1 and a sharp increase in six @entity1 . Microfilarial levels tended to fluctuate thereafter but there was a progressive, general decline. At the end of the study year, eight @entity1 were amicrofilaraemic and microfilarial clearance was > 95% in 58% of the @entity1 . Eight @entity1 did not develop any adverse reactions. Lymph-node tenderness and @entity1283 were seen in eight @entity1 (40%), and dilated, inflamed lymphatic channels standing out as cords ('string sign') were seen in another five @entity1 . These reactions were transient and did not require any specific treatment. The @entity6567 -fortified salt was well accepted by the study population. The @entity6567 content of fortified salt and the duration of its use for the control of @entity6565 need to be re-examined. Health education should include messages that mild, self-limiting, adverse reactions are likely to occur even with the use of such salt.

title: The efficacy, tolerability and safety of XXXX -fortified salt in the treatment of the @entity6565 : an open, hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement']

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of age in the occurrence of @entity260 after total laryngopharyngectomy (TLP) or total laryngectomy (TL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study including all @entity1 who underwent TLP or TL in our institution between January 2005 and December 2010. The impact of age (greater than 65 years), history of @entity5 treatments and comorbidities on early postoperative course was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Out of the 97 @entity1 operated on, 21% had @entity5 and 79% of the larynx. Mean age at surgery was 63 years (41-90 years). 44% of @entity1 were more than or equal to 65 years of age. Regarding local complications, only age (p = 0.004) had a statistically significant influence in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, age (OR 21.4, p = 0.0001) and @entity167 consumption (OR 0.18, p = 0.04) were significant. Factors influencing the occurrence of general complications were, in univariate analysis: age >65 years (p = 0.003), type of surgery (p = 0.042), the presence of cardiovascular history (p = 0.47) and ASA score >2 (p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, only age >65 years remained significant (OR 3.31, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of preoperative oncogeriatric evaluation from the age of 65 years to optimize surgical management.

title: The influence of age on XXXX after total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the hypopharynx', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: The role of surgery in @entity409 and biliary tract depends upon the kind of cysts. When they are symptomatic, solitary cysts of the liver may require laparoscopic unroofing. @entity8940 should be resected since there is a risk of @entity7157 . @entity409 may require surgery when massive @entity382 results in @entity158 or a worsening of the @entity1 's general condition. Laparoscopic fenestration and partial hepatectomy are only indicated in a small number of selected @entity1 with large or localized cysts. Orthotopic liver transplantation may be recommended in symptomatic cases with massive @entity382 even if there is no @entity177 and no need for renal transplantation. @entity13550 localized in one lobe or one segment should be resected since it leads to @entity201 in more than 10% of cases. When cystic dilatations are diffuse, liver transplantation may be required. @entity2941 should be completely resected since @entity5 may arise in non resected parts. Complete resection may be associated with major hepatectomy.

title: [ XXXX and biliary tract (except for hydatid cyst). Role of surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cystic diseases of the liver', 'Polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ["Caroli's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Cystic diseases of the liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposures to high doses of irradiation, to chemotherapy, @entity7935 , petroleum products, paints, embalming fluids, @entity11540 , herbicides, pesticides, and smoking have been associated with an increased risk of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Although there in no epidemiological evidence of relation between X-ray developer, fixer and replenisher liquids and @entity3052 , these included @entity3584 which has weakly associated with @entity2214 in @entity35 and @entity8156 has been increasingly implicated in producing @entity1778 , causing DNA and chromosomal damage, inhibits topo-isomerase II, alter hematopoiesis and inhibit apoptosis of neoplastic cells. CASE PRESENTATION: Two white females (A and B) hired in 1985 as medical radiation technologists in a primary care center, in Greece. In July 2001, @entity1 A, 38-years-old, was diagnosed as having @entity1778 ( @entity9020 ). The @entity1 did not respond to therapy and died three weeks later. In August 2001, @entity1 B, 35-year-old, was diagnosed with @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ). Since discharge, she is in continuous complete remission. Both @entity1 were non smokers without any medical history. Shortly after these incidents official inspectors and experts inspected workplace, examined equipment, archives of repairs, notes, interviewed and monitored employees. They concluded that shielding was inadequate for balcony's door but personal monitoring did not show any exceeding of TLV of 20 @entity2073 yearly and cytogenetics analysis did not reveal findings considered to be characteristics of ionizing exposure. Equipment for developing photos had a long list of repairs, mainly leakages of liquids and increases of temperature. On several occasions the floor has been flooded especially during 1987-1993 and 1997-2001. Inspection confirmed a complete lack of ventilation and many spoiled medical x-ray films. Employees reported that an "osmic" level was continuously evident and frequently developed symptoms of respiratory irritation and dizziness. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that the specific @entity3052 cases might have originated from exposure to chemicals, especially @entity8156 and/or @entity3584 . The report also emphasises the crucial role of inspection of facilities and enforcement of compliance with regulations in order to prevent similar incidents.

title: Case report: XXXX and/or @entity3584 induced @entity3052 ?

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukaemia', 'FAB M3']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'acute monocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity8156 :: (MESH:C031927,Chemical) :: ['Hydroquinone']


abstract: @entity8697 (Acr), an a,b-unsaturated aldehyde, is abundant in @entity286 smoke and cooking and exhaust fumes. Acr induces mutagenic a- and y- hydroxy-1,N(2)-cyclic propano-deoxyguanosine adducts in normal @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells. Our earlier work has found that Acr-induced DNA damage preferentially occurs at @entity2 @entity876 mutational hotspots that contain CpG sites and that methylation at CpG sites enhances Acr-DNA binding at these sites. Based on these results, we hypothesized that this enhancement of Acr-DNA binding leads to @entity876 mutational hotspots in @entity2 . In this study, using a shuttle vector supF system, we tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of CpG methylation on Acr-DNA binding and the mutations in @entity1 lung fibroblasts. We found that CpG methylation enhances Acr-induced mutations significantly. Although CpG methylation enhances Acr-DNA binging at all CpG sites, it enhances mutations at selective--TCGA--sites. Similarly, we found that CpG methylation enhances @entity3014 diol @entity4299 binding at all -CpG- sites. However, the methylated CpG sequences in which @entity4624 -induced mutations are enhanced are different from the CpG sequences in which Acr-induced mutations are enhanced. CpG methylation greatly increases Acr-induced G to T and G to A mutation frequency to levels similar to these types of mutations found in the CpG sites in the @entity876 gene in @entity286 smoke-related @entity2 . These results indicate that both CpG sequence context and the chemical nature of the carcinogens are crucial factors for determining the effect of CpG methylation on mutagenesis.

title: Effect of CpG methylation at different sequence context on XXXX - and BPDE-DNA binding and mutagenesis.

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrolein']

answer: @entity8697 :: (MESH:D000171,Chemical) :: ['acrolein']


abstract: Accurate localization of accessory pathways (AP) in the @entity3153 requires detailed atrial mapping. Coronary sinus catheterization is so far the most accurate method of left atrial mapping, but it can be technically difficult in some @entity1 . We evaluated the feasibility of left atrial mapping from the @entity358 in 24 @entity1 with @entity3153 . All @entity1 except one underwent surgical cryoablation of their AP and the results of intraoperative mapping are available for comparison. Mapping in sinus rhythm showed recording of atrial activity in the @entity358 occurred 56 +/- 20 ms after activation of high right atrium and 24 +/- 4 ms after activation in the His bundle area, but coincident with left atrial activation in the distal coronary sinus (56 +/- 20 and 53 +/- 13, respectively). Mapping during ventricular pacing or orthodromic @entity591 could differentiate @entity1 as having a right sided, left sided or paraseptal first site of activation. Eleven @entity1 had a left lateral AP, four had a left posterior AP, five had left posteroseptal AP and one had a left anterior AP. The remaining three @entity1 had a right sided AP. Intraoperative results correlated with pre-operative findings in 22 out of 23 (95%) @entity1 who underwent surgical ablation of AP. Thus, recordings form the @entity358 reflect left atrial activity and may be of aid in localizing an AP, especially when coronary sinus recordings cannot be obtained. This technique, however, should not replace the more accurate method of coronary sinus mapping.

title: Catheter recording of left atrial activation from @entity358 in the XXXX : validation of the technique with intraoperative mapping results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome', 'Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['distal left pulmonary artery', 'left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tenecteplase is a modified tissue plasminogen activator with a longer half-life and higher fibrin specificity than alteplase. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized, pilot study of 0.1 mg/kg IV tenecteplase given 3 to 6 hours after @entity385 onset. For a control group, we used @entity1 contemporaneously treated with sub-3-hour 0.9 mg/kg IV alteplase following standard selection criteria. All @entity1 underwent pretreatment and 24-hour perfusion/angiographic imaging with CT or MRI. Eligibility criteria for tenecteplase (but not alteplase) treatment included a perfusion lesion at least 20% greater than the infarct core, with an associated @entity432 . Primary outcomes, assessed blind to treatment group, were reperfusion (reduction in baseline-24-hour mean transit time lesion) and major vessel recanalization. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 received tenecteplase, and 35 @entity1 received alteplase. The tenecteplase group had greater reperfusion (mean 74% vs 44% in the alteplase group, p = 0.01) and major vessel recanalization (10/15 tenecteplase vs 7/29 alteplase, p = 0.01). Despite later time to treatment, more tenecteplase @entity1 (10/15 vs 7/35 alteplase, p = 0.001) had major neurologic improvement at 24 hours (NIH @entity64 Scale reduction > or = 8). Four of the alteplase @entity1 and none of the tenecteplase @entity1 had parenchymal @entity1410 at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Tenecteplase 0.1 mg/kg, using advanced imaging guidance in an extended time window, may have significant biologic efficacy in acute @entity385 . The imaging selection differences between the tenecteplase and alteplase groups prevent a conclusive efficacy comparison. Nonetheless, these results lend support for randomized trials comparing tenecteplase with alteplase, preferably incorporating penumbral/angiographic imaging selection.

title: Acute XXXX : imaging-guided tenecteplase treatment in an extended time window.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The way in which sex hormones influence cognitive and affective brain development is poorly understood. Despite increasing knowledge in the area of pediatric @entity1316 , little is known about the influence of sex hormones on the regulation of emotion. Animal studies and preliminary @entity1 studies suggest a strong impact of @entity251 on limbic structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine emotional processing in familial male-precocious puberty (FMPP), an extremely rare gonadotropin-independent form of precocious puberty characterized by early excess @entity251 secretion. We compared this group (n = 7, mean age = 13 +/- 3.3 years) to healthy age and sex-matched controls (n = 14, mean age = 13 +/- 2.3 years). @entity1 were presented with emotional and neutral face stimuli and were required either to judge the hostility of the presented face, their subjective level of @entity148 , or the width of the nose of the presented faces (nonemotional condition). In a fourth, passive @entity558 , no responses were required. @entity1 with FMPP responded faster to fearful faces during perception of threat compared to unaffected controls. Concurrently, fMRI data revealed significant differences in hippocampus activation in response to fearful faces relative to baseline whereas controls showed no differences. In contrast, no significant activation of the amygdala was found. These data are consistent with previous studies of the effects of sex hormones on brain function and support the role of @entity251 on emotional development.

title: Early hyperandrogenism affects the development of hippocampal function: preliminary evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of XXXX with familial male precocious puberty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['viewing condition']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']