abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity74 , its complications, and treatment modalities available for its treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with a history of @entity548 tendency were tested for confirmation of the diagnosis. History and clinical findings were recorded. Laboratory analysis included prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), @entity548 time (BT), and fibrinogen assay. @entity1 with prolonged APTT were tested for @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) and IX ( @entity4682 ). If @entity2801 was low, @entity2880 factor: antigen ( @entity2881 :Ag) and @entity2880 factor:ristocetin cofactor ( @entity2881 :RCo) were performed. When PT and APTT both were prolonged, FV, FX, and FII were tested. Platelet aggregation studies were done when there was isolated prolonged BT. Urea clot solubility test was done when all coagulation tests were normal. All @entity1 with @entity447 and B were evaluated for inhibitors. RESULTS: Of the 376 @entity1 , @entity74 was diagnosed in 318 (85%) cases. Median age of @entity1 was 16.4 years. @entity447 was the commonest @entity74 that was observed in 140 (37.2%) followed by vWD 68 (18.0%), platelet function disorders 48 (12.8%), and @entity4777 in 33 (8.8%) cases. We also found rare @entity4059 in 13 (3.4%), low @entity2881 in 11 (3.0%) @entity1 and 5 (1.3%) in female @entity447 carriers. @entity5631 was the most frequent symptom in @entity447 and B (79.7%) involving knee joint. Inhibitor was detected in 21 (15%) cases. Fresh frozen plasma/cryoprecipitate were the most common modality of treatment. In 58 @entity1 , no abnormality was detected in coagulation profile. CONCLUSION: @entity447 and vWD are the most common @entity3459 in this study. @entity5631 involving knee joint was the most common complication. Inhibitor was detected in a significant number of @entity1 . Plasma is still the most common modality of treatment.

title: XXXX in Karachi, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A', 'Hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['congenital factor deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding disorder', 'inherited bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['Hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['Congenital bleeding disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the sensitivity and specificity of multidetector computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the preoperative evaluation of @entity788 by using surgical findings as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was waived. We reviewed CT reports, surgical notes, and pathology reports from 114 @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent multidetector CT angiography and surgery at our institution between March 2003 and March 2006. When CT findings and surgical reports were discordant, radiologists experienced in pancreatic imaging retrospectively reviewed images for lesion resectability; four-, eight-, 16-, and 64-row CT scanners were used in 54, 19, 25, and 16 @entity1 , respectively. Collimation of 1.25 mm was used for four- and eight-row CT and 0.5 or 0.625 mm for 16- and 64-row CT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for resectability were calculated for initial clinical interpretation and blinded retrospective review. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 had resectable lesions according to CT angiographic criteria (group A: 46 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ; mean age, 67 years; age range, 39-85 years): resection was aborted in 10 @entity1 (11%). Twenty-six @entity1 underwent surgery despite lesion unresectability assessed according to CT angiographic criteria (group B: 16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years; age range, 33-83 years); all lesions were confirmed as unresectable. The initial clinical interpretation of CT angiographic scans in all 114 @entity1 had 100% sensitivity in the detection of resectability, 72% specificity, 89% @entity2286 , and 100% NPV. These parameters did not appear to vary among different types of scanner. With the blinded retrospective evaluation by experienced readers, specificity increased to 94% and @entity2286 to 98%, with no difference in sensitivity and NPV. CONCLUSION: Multidetector CT angiography is an effective preoperative tool that reduces the number of aborted pancreatic resections; there is no evidence from this retrospective study suggesting varying results from the various generations of multidetector CT scanners used.

title: XXXX : value of multidetector CT angiography in preoperative evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic or distal cholangiocarcinoma', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atopy quantification using IgE levels/skin test diameter (SPT-MWD) may better predict the expression of @entity2490 than using atopy as a dichotomous variable. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the presence, temporal pattern and severity of @entity2490 in preschool @entity1 and specific IgE levels/SPT-MWDs. METHODS: @entity1 were followed prospectively to age 5 years in a whole-population birth cohort study. We administered questionnaires (n = 815), skin prick tested @entity1 (n = 717) and measured specific serum IgE (n = 478) to @entity6766 . Main outcomes were current @entity2490 (CR) and @entity7370 ( @entity7370 ). RESULTS: The prevalence of CR and @entity7370 was 26.1% and 12.1%, respectively. The risk of CR and @entity7370 increased significantly with increasing IgE to grass, mite and cat; @entity7370 was also associated with increasing IgE to @entity235 and peanut. Similarly, increasing SPT-MWDs to inhalant allergens were significantly associated with CR and @entity7370 . This association was also shown for grass within the group of @entity1097 @entity1 . @entity2023 were associated with increasing IgE/SPT-MWD to mite and grass, respectively. Moderate/severe @entity2490 was associated with increasing IgE/SPT-MWD to grass. In a multivariate analysis, increasing levels of IgE/SPT-MWD to grass were the strongest independent predictors of both CR (for IgE: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.64, P < 0.001) and @entity7370 (for IgE: 1.51, 1.30-1.76, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The probability of CR/ @entity7370 increases with increasing specific IgE levels or SPT-MWD. With respect to @entity2023 , the absolute levels of specific IgE antibody or the size of SPT wheal offer more information than just the presence/absence of sensitization.

title: Quantification of atopy and the probability of @entity2490 in preschool XXXX : a population-based birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['current rhinoconjunctivitis', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Perennial and seasonal rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['inhalant and food allergens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in @entity1 with resectable @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with resectable T3-T4 @entity5 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <2 were included. @entity2600 (50 mg/m(2) weekly) and @entity1487 (225 mg/m(2)/day continuous infusion, 5 days/week) were concurrently administered with radiation therapy (RT) (45 Gy, 1.8 Gy/day, 5 days/week), during 5 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity1 were enrolled: mean age, 59 years (20-74 years; SD, 11.7). Planned treatment was delivered to most @entity1 (median relative dose intensity for both drugs was 100%). Grade 3/4 @entity2905 occurred in 35 @entity1 (47%), @entity1398 in 5 (7%), and @entity417 in 2 (3%). Main Grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity294 (14%), @entity1395 (9%), @entity33 (8%), and @entity490 (8%). Of the 73 resected specimens, 13.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8-23.7) had a pathologic complete response and 49.3% (95% CI, 37.4-61.3) were downstaged. Additionally, 66.7% (95% CI, 51.1-80.0) of @entity1 with ultrasound staged N1/N2 disease had no pathologic evidence of nodal involvement after CRT. CONCLUSIONS: This preoperative CRT schedule has been shown to be effective and feasible in a large population of @entity1 with resectable @entity5 .

title: A Phase II study of preoperative radiotherapy and concomitant weekly XXXX in combination with protracted venous infusion @entity1487 , for resectable locally advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['rectal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) typically exhibit @entity65 , which may lead to increased medication clearance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the actual @entity1011 clearance (CrClA) in an @entity439 @entity510 population and the effect of the development of @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) along with its treatment to better understand if this population exhibits augmented renal clearance (ARC). METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center study in a neurosciences ICU at a university hospital. A total of 20 @entity1 were consented and provided a 24-h urine sample to measure the CrClA. If @entity1 experienced @entity2553 , a 24-h urine collection was repeated during @entity2553 treatment. CrClA was measured using a modified Jaffe assay. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity1 enrolled, the mean @entity510 CrClA was 325.93      135.20  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) and this differed significantly from the @entity510 estimated @entity1011 clearance (CrClE) 144.93      42.82  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) (p  <  0.001). Four @entity1 developed @entity2553 ; the mean @entity2553 CrClA was 558.43      356.12  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) and there was no significant difference when compared to those @entity1 ' mean @entity510 CrClA (246.91      84.14  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2), p  =  0.16). CONCLUSIONS: ARC was present in 100  % of the @entity1 with recent @entity510 enrolled. Although ARC remained present in the @entity1 who experienced @entity2553 , their @entity1011 clearance was not significantly further augmented. Further work is needed to clarify the impact of such clearances on renally excreted medications and how the development and treatment of @entity2553 further augment these findings.

title: Augmented Renal Clearance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'CV', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic cardiovascular hemodynamics']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: Successful palliation of @entity1282 in @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 has a major effect on quality of life. @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) are currently recommended for rapid symptomatic relief when life expectancy is less than 3 months. We assessed complication and reintervention rates along with survival outcomes in @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 undergoing stent insertion. A retrospective audit was performed from April 2007 to June 2009 for all inoperable primary @entity418 @entity1 who had an esophageal stent inserted for @entity1282 . Case notes were reviewed for clinical, pathological, stent and complication details, while ICD-10 causes of death were obtained from the Department of Health and Social Services, Northern Ireland. Fifty-six stents were inserted into 53 @entity1 (66.0% male, mean age of 70 years). Inoperability was defined by metastatic spread (n= 34, 64.2%), locally advanced disease (n= 7, 13.2%), and severe medical comorbidities (n= 12, 22.6%). The median time from diagnosis to stent insertion was 109 (interquartile range [IQR] 43-187) days. Fifty stents (94.3%) were successfully deployed, while three @entity1 (5.7%) required an additional stent as the primary stent had not bridged the @entity5 (proximal deployment = 2, suboptimal stent length = 1). Post- @entity1702 @entity1282 scores were significantly better than pre- @entity1702 scores (2.90 vs. 1.54, P < 0.001). There were 27 complications identified in 23 (43.4%) @entity1 (major complications = 9, minor complications = 14). Twelve @entity1 (22.6%) required additional endoscopic procedures. The 30-day mortality rate was 11.3% (n= 6). Only one @entity1 (1.9%) remains alive with a cumulative median survival rate of 84 (IQR 38-156) days. Esophageal stent insertion in this group of @entity1 still presents a clinical challenge, with complication and endoscopic reintervention rates of 43.4 and 22.6%, respectively. Our results are comparable with previously published series, and as a palliative modality stent insertion remains appropriate when expected survival is less than 3 months. A range of @entity1702 is currently available with broadly similar efficacy and safety profiles. Data regarding the newly available fully covered @entity1702 suggest that they should be avoided.

title: Self-expanding metal stent insertion for inoperable XXXX in Belfast: an audit of outcomes and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['SEMS', 'Self-expanding metal stents']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: Based on the first favourable results of adjuvant therapy of 5FU plus @entity7305 in Dukes C @entity694 in 1990, we conducted a prospective trial. 1029 @entity1 were randomised to receive one year 5FU plus @entity7305 or no further treatment following curative surgery for stage II or III colon (n = 730) or @entity5 (n = 299). 45% were in stage II and 55% in stage III. With a median follow-up of 4 years and 9 months a significant reduction in odds of @entity204 (25%, SD 9%, P = 0.007) was observed for those with adjuvant treatment (65% at 5 year) compared to the observation group (55%). Improved relative survival was present in stage III (56% vs 44%), and in stage II @entity1 (78% vs 70%). In @entity5 a non-significant difference in disease-free or overall survival was observed. Distant metastases developed in 76%, while local recurrence alone occurred in 14%. An early start of adjuvant treatment (< 4 weeks) did not affect results. Compliance to 5FU plus @entity7305 was 69%. Severe @entity137 did not occur. In conclusion, one year 5FU plus @entity7305 was of @entity5 ; in @entity5 a significant positive effect could not be demonstrated.

title: Adjuvant 5FU plus @entity7305 in XXXX : improved survival in stage II and III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'benefit in stage II and III colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic or rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e16601 Background: Bevacizumab, an inhibitor of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS) although current data does not support @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) benefit. Studies have been designed in an attempt to find a marker for activity albeit ways to predict response to anti- @entity7 therapy are currently lacking. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 454 @entity1 exposed to bevacizumab since 2004 to 2009. The study comprised 157 @entity1 with @entity694 , 127 with @entity463 , 104 with @entity2 and 66 with @entity0 . Group A represented @entity1 that while treated with bevacizumab developed @entity101 or, if already @entity101 , required an increase on their antihypertensive regimen. Group B represented @entity1 that while treated with bevacizumab did not develop @entity101 or, if already @entity101 , did not require an increase on their antihypertensive regimen. RESULTS: Median survival (Table 1) is significantly higher in group A (607 days) than group B (355 days), with a log-rank p-value of <0.0001. Median PFS (Table 2) is significantly higher in group A (197 days) than group B (117 days) with a log-rank p-value of <0.0001. Next, multivariate analyses were done for @entity1349 and PFS using Cox proportional hazards models. Age group, gender, line of treatment, and single agent versus combined use of bevacizumab were not significant predictors on univariate analyses thus only @entity5 type was entered into the multivariable model with group. The results for @entity1349 (Table 3) indicate that being in group B raises the risk of @entity204 by 53.3% when holding type of @entity5 constant. The results for PFS (Table 4) indicate that females have a 27.3% decreased risk of progression than males when holding group and type of @entity5 constant. If a @entity1 is in group A their risk of progression decreases by 32.6% when holding gender and type of @entity5 constant. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab has proven activity across @entity5 nevertheless we have yet to determine which specific @entity1 benefit from its use. Our study shows that @entity101 is a clinical surrogate of response to bevacizumab and encourages continuation of anti- @entity7 therapy while optimizing anti- @entity101 regimen.

title: XXXX as a clinical marker of response to bevacizumab across @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: As the elderly constitute the most rapidly growing population, @entity302 in this group is an important health issue worldwide. We surveyed the prevalence of @entity302 in two hospitals for elderly citizens in Fukuoka, Japan. The study revealed that the prevalence of @entity302 was 11.2% in 743 studied hospitalized @entity1 . We identified 70 @entity1 who developed @entity302 after the age of 65 years at the outpatient clinic in a university affiliated hospital. @entity410 ( @entity410 ) without secondarily generalization were most frequent. The most frequent diagnosis was @entity1315 . Etiological diagnosis was possible in nearly 50% @entity1 , including those with @entity66 . Interictal EEG revealed focal @entity302 in 66.7% of @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 were on antiepileptic monotherapy and 52 @entity1 had been @entity410 -free for more than 1 year. Epileptogenecity was relatively low in elderly @entity1 and they responded well to antiepileptic medication.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'CPS', 'Complex partial seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1277 and lesser degrees of disturbed eating in young adults with @entity1723 and a matched sample of non- @entity6 female controls. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey of eating habits and attitudes in @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects. SETTING: Outpatient clinic catering for young adults with @entity6 ; community sample of non- @entity6 @entity1 drawn from the lists of two general practices. SUBJECTS: 100 @entity1 with @entity1723 (54 @entity1 and 46 @entity1 ) aged 17-25 and 67 non- @entity6 @entity1 of the same age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eating habits and @entity1277 psychopathology were assessed by standardised research interview adapted for the assessment of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity1277 examination). Glycaemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin assay. RESULTS: In both non- @entity6 and @entity6 @entity1 disturbed eating was common, and in @entity6 @entity1 the degree of disturbance was related to control of glycaemia. Twenty of the @entity6 @entity1 (37%) had omitted or underused insulin to influence their weight. This behaviour was not restricted to those with a clinical @entity1277 . None of the @entity1 showed any features of @entity1277 , and none had misused insulin to influence their weight. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that @entity1277 are more prevalent in young @entity1 with @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 . Nevertheless, disturbed eating is common and is associated with poor control of glycaemia, and the misuse of insulin to influence body weight is also common in young @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: @entity1277 in young adults with XXXX : a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder', 'clinical eating disorders', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skull base @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) leak after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a very rare complication. In @entity1 who were treated with both GKRS and transsphenoidal resection (TSR) for @entity4611 , early @entity5173 leak occurs at a comparable rate to the general TSR population (4%). Delayed @entity5173 leak occurring more than a year after TSR, GKRS, or dual therapy, is exceedingly rare. METHODS: Retrospective chart review and review of the literature RESULTS: We present two cases of delayed @entity5173 leak following GKRS to treat @entity977 . One @entity1 developed @entity5173 @entity5254 16 years following GKRS for growth hormone producing @entity977 . She had previously undergone TSR surgery 7 years prior to GKRS without complication. Additionally, a 55-year-old @entity1 developed high flow @entity5173 @entity5254 2 years following GKRS for a @entity2013 that failed @entity935 agonist therapy. Both @entity1 underwent a complicated clinical course following presentation, requiring multiple revisions for definitive @entity5173 leak repair. CONCLUSION: Delayed @entity5173 leak is a rare but serious complication after GKRS independent of TSR status; urgent repair is the treatment of choice. Based on our experience, these leaks have the potential to be refractory, and we recommend aggressive reconstruction, preferably with a vascularized flap, and potentially supplemented by placement of a lumbar drain and @entity3791 . Current evidence is scant and provides little insight regarding an underlying mechanism, which may include @entity2721 by the @entity5 , delayed radiation @entity39 , or a secondary @entity4776 .

title: Delayed XXXX after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery with or without Preceding Transsphenoidal Resection for Pituitary Pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF', 'cerebrospinal fluid']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony destruction']

answer: @entity5254 :: (MESH:D002559,Disease) :: ['CSF Rhinorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ), @entity258 ( @entity258 ) is a risk factor for @entity420 ( @entity420 ), progressing at variable rates. @entity1 at higher risk for  progression could benefit from intervention. We assessed rates of progression of @entity258 and @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) and risk factors for progression to @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity420 . METHODS: We analyzed data from Cleveland Clinic Barrett's Registry on @entity1 with @entity355 and @entity258 or @entity1141  at least 1 year of follow-up from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2012. Prevalent cases were those diagnosed at or within 1 year of the first endoscopy, and the rest were incident cases. RESULTS: Among 299 @entity1 with @entity355 and @entity258 or @entity1141 , there were 32 cases of @entity1893 and 10 cases of @entity420 during a follow-up period of 1577.4 @entity1 -years. The annual incidence rates were 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7%-3.3%) for @entity1893 , 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%) for @entity420 , and 2.7% (95% CI, 1.9%-3.6%) for @entity1893 or @entity420 . The rates were higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 with @entity355 and @entity258 or @entity1141 . Prevalent cases were 3-fold more likely to progress than incident cases. Multifocality and nodules were associated with higher risk of progression to @entity1893 or @entity420 . None of the @entity1 with @entity1141 at index biopsy developed @entity420 . For every 5-year increase in age, chance of regression increased by 7% (P  = .04). Also, for every 1-cm increase in @entity355 length, probability of regression decreased by 6% (P  = .016). @entity258 at index biopsy was associated with 56% lower chance of regression compared with @entity1141 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a database analysis of @entity1 with @entity355 , prevalent @entity258 , male sex, multifocality, and nodules were associated with higher risk for progression to @entity420 . Older age at @entity258 diagnosis, @entity1141 at index biopsy, and shorter @entity355 length were associated with regression. These findings help in risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity355 and @entity258 or @entity1141 .

title: Risk Stratification of @entity1 With @entity355 and  Low-grade XXXX or Indefinite for @entity1141 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['IND', 'indefinite for dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Dysplasia']


abstract: @entity69 receptor is a transmembrane protein that mediates @entity68 transport from blood into cells. The extracellular part of this receptor circulates in blood as soluble @entity69 receptor (sTfR) and the immunological determination of this parameter is widely used in clinical practice. This study aimed at comparing the properties of sTfR and placental @entity8282 (pTfR) and to evaluate the validity of pTfR as a standard for the determination of sTfR in human serum. sTfR and pTfR were studied by immunofluorescent assay and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) gel filtration. Serum sTfR levels were calculated using sTfR or pTfR as a standard. The immunological activity of pTfR was lower than that of sTfR in all anti- @entity8282 monoclonal antibody pairs. Upon FPLC gel filtration, pTfR eluted in a void volume of the column as a protein with a molecular weight (MW) of >1500 kDa, whereas the MW of sTfR corresponded to 237 kDa. This could be a result of micelle formation by pTfR because of its hydrophobic intracellular part. The serum sTfR levels calculated against sTfR were 2.5 times lower than those calculated against pTfR. Serum sTfR levels are overestimated when pTfR is used as the standard.

title: Comparison of soluble and placental @entity69 receptors as standards for the determination of soluble XXXX receptor in humans.

entities_list: @entity69 :: ('7018', 'Gene') :: ['Transferrin', 'transferrin']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Millions of workers worldwide are employed in occupations involving potentiality hazardous exposure to crystalline @entity3440 . The diatomaceous earth industry can have particularly high exposures, but there is a lower likelihood of simultaneously occurring confounding exposures. We extended follow-up for diatomaceous earth industry workers previously studied for mortality. METHODS: The cohort included 2342 white @entity1 who were employed for at least 1   year at a diatomaceous earth plant in Lompoc, California beginning in 1942. Workers' vital status was updated using the National Death Index through 2011, an extension of 19   years from earlier studies. Detailed work history and quantitative air monitoring measurements estimated exposure intensity. Cox proportional hazards modelling estimated HRs and 95% CIs. SMRs were calculated. RESULTS: Elevated mortality was observed by quartile of cumulative crystalline @entity3440 exposure for @entity2 (HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.85, highest quartile, unlagged) and @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) (HR=3.59, 95% CI 1.94 to 6.67, highest quartile, unlagged), although trends were not statistically significant. Associations were attenuated when adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure. Mortality from @entity1576 was significantly increased over the entire follow-up compared to the general population (SMR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60). An @entity2 was confined to the earlier follow-up (SMR=1.29, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity2 and @entity1576 mortality remained elevated, although generally non-significant, and exposure-response trends with cumulative crystalline @entity3440 persisted on extended follow-up of this cohort. The findings support a generally consistently observed aetiological relation between crystalline @entity3440 and @entity2 .

title: Extended follow-up of @entity2 and XXXX mortality among California diatomaceous earth workers.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increase for lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['NMRD', 'non-malignant respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['non-malignant respiratory disease']


abstract: Soot particles were collected from a diesel engine using a procedure that realistically mimics exhaust gas conditions in tailpipes and during dilution at room temperature. After being sampled, the particles were exposed to @entity6836 concentrations and relative humidity in ranges relevant for the troposphere using 13N as tracer. Gas-phase nitrous acid( @entity12005 ) and irreversibly bound (i.e., chemisorbed) species were the main reaction products with initial yields of 80-90% and about 10%, respectively. Neither NO nor @entity20298 were detectable. The @entity12005 formation increased with increasing engine load (i.e., with a decreasing air to fuel ratio, lambda). The reaction rates of @entity12005 and chemisorbed @entity6836 increased with increasing @entity6836 concentration and did not depend on relative humidity. At the beginning of reaction, the uptake coefficient averaged over 3 min ranged from 5 x 10(-6) to 10(-5) for @entity6836 concentrations between 2 and 40 ppb. The @entity12005 formation rates decreased with time, indicating consumption of reactive surface species, while the chemisorption rates remained almost constant. The total @entity12005 formation potential of the particles was estimated to about 1.3 x 10(17) molecules/mg of diesel soot or to about 4.7 mg/kg of diesel fuel, indicating that the reaction between @entity6836 and diesel soot particles does not provide a significant secondary @entity12005 source in the atmosphere. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood type reaction mechanism was proposed that adequately describes the observed results and also allows discussing important general features of reactions on soot.

title: Heterogeneous reaction of XXXX on diesel soot particles.

answer: @entity6836 :: (CHEBI:29785,Chemical) :: ['NO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomized @entity1 need variable doses of @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) to obtain target thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Individual feedback set-points have been hypothesized and the influence of several genes in the regulation of the @entity1374 has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that genetic variants of the @entity59720 gene could be associated with a @entity4611 sensitivity to thyroid hormone feedback. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 84 thyroidectomized @entity1 with no residual thyroid function and undetectable thyroglobulin levels. @entity1 were evaluated under @entity2016 resulting in TSH levels detectable but <0.5  IU/ml. The two SNPs @entity61455 and @entity61456 were identified as informative markers of the @entity59720 gene. Genotyping was performed using high-resolution melting technology. Genotype distribution was compared between the @entity1 and 99 euthyroid controls. RESULTS: The selected SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium and only @entity61455 was further considered. A significant difference between the three possible genotypes for @entity61455 was found for TSH (p = 0.04) and free @entity1955 (fT4)/TSH ratio (p = 0.02). Moreover, despite similar serum concentrations of free @entity1954 (fT3) and fT4, carriers of at least one A allele of @entity61455 had significantly lower serum TSH levels (p = 0.01) as well as higher fT3/TSH (p = 0.01) and fT4/TSH ratios (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated an association between serum TSH levels and discrete alleles of the @entity59720 gene in totally thyroidectomized @entity1 under @entity2016 therapy. Therefore, the @entity59720 gene seems to be a determinant of hypothalamo-pituitary sensitivity to @entity2016 .

title: The @entity59720 Gene Is Associated with Hypothalamo-Pituitary Sensitivity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['different hypothalamo-pituitary']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-thyroid axis']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['Levothyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a common risk factor for developing @entity189 ( @entity189 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of cigarette smoking status, cumulative smoking exposure, and time from cessation on oncologic @entity189 outcomes in @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 864 @entity1 underwent RNU at five institutions. The median follow-up in this retrospective study was 50 mo. Smoking history included smoking status, quantity of cigarettes per day (CPD), duration in years, and years from smoking cessation. The cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light-short-term ( <= 19 CPD and  <= 19.9 yr), moderate (all combinations except light-short-term and heavy-long-term), and heavy-long-term (>=  20 CPD and >=  20 yr). INTERVENTIONS: RNU with or without lymph node dissection. No @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and competing risk regression analyses assessed the effects of smoking on oncologic outcomes. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 244 @entity1 (28.2%) never smoked; 297 (34.4%) and 323 (37.4%) were former and current smokers, respectively. Among smokers, 87 (10.1%), 331 (38.3%), and 202 (23.4%) were light-short-term, moderate, and heavy-long-term smokers, respectively. Current smoking status, smoking >=  20 CPD, >=  20 yr, and heavy-long-term smoking were associated with @entity1442 (p values  <= 0.004), greater likelihood of disease recurrence (p values  <= 0.01), and @entity5 -specific mortality (p values  <= 0.05) on multivariable analyses that adjusted for standard features. @entity1 who quit smoking >=  10 yr prior to RNU did not differ from never smokers regarding advanced @entity5 stages, disease recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality, but they had better oncologic outcomes then current smokers and those @entity1 who quit smoking <10 yr prior to RNU. The study is limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is significantly associated with @entity1442 stages, disease recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity1 treated with RNU for @entity189 . Current smokers and those with a heavy and long-term smoking exposure have the highest risk for poor oncologic outcomes. Smoking cessation >10 yr prior to RNU seems to mitigate some detrimental effects. These results underscore the need for smoking cessation and prevention programs.

title: Impact of smoking on oncologic outcomes of XXXX after radical nephroureterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma', 'UTUC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: There are few longitudinal data on bone development during puberty in @entity1 with low @entity460 intake. This 5-yr longitudinal study showed that, in Chinese @entity1 , the mean apparent @entity460 retention efficiency during puberty was 40.9%, PHV occurred at 3-0 yr before menarche, and peak bone mineral accretion occurred 1 yr later than PHV. Chinese @entity1 have high @entity460 retention efficiency during puberty. INTRODUCTION: There are few longitudinal data on bone development during puberty in @entity1 with low dietary @entity460 intake. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of growth and bone mineral accretion and study the predictors of total body BMC during puberty in a 5-yr longitudinal study with Chinese @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two @entity1 , 9.5-10.5 yr of age at baseline, from the unsupplemented control group of a school milk intervention trial were included in this analysis. Data on anthropometric measurements, total body BMC as assessed by DXA, and @entity460 intake as assessed by a 3-day food record were obtained at baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 5 yr. RESULTS: The mean age of menarche was 12.1 +/- 1.0 yr. The mean annual rate of bone mineral accretion was 197.4 g/yr during the follow-up period, representing a @entity460 accretion rate of 162.3 mg/d. This @entity460 retention rate and the average dietary @entity460 intake of 444.1 mg/d gave an apparent @entity460 retention efficiency of 40.9%. Peak height velocity (PHV) occurred at 3-0 yr before menarche. Peak bone mineral accretion occurred 1 yr later than PHV. There was a decrease in size-corrected BMD in the year before menarche. In the linear mixed-effects model analysis containing body size and lifestyle factors, we found that height, body weight, and @entity460 intake were significant independent predictors of total body BMC. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese @entity1 with low habitual dietary @entity460 intake have high @entity460 retention efficiency during puberty. Because @entity460 intake is a significant predictor of total body BMC, increasing dietary @entity460 intake may have beneficial effects on bone mineral accretion in these @entity1 .

title: Growth and bone mineral accretion during puberty in Chinese XXXX : a five-year longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'children']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: TPS214 Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI ToF MS) of @entity1149 @entity1 ' pretreatment sera or plasma was shown to predict survival after @entity470 TKIs therapy (Taguchi et al. JNCI 2007). The proteomic classifier (VeriStrat, Biodesix Inc), based on 8 distinct m/z peaks, separates @entity1 (pts) into 2 groups (VeriStrat good and poor), significantly different in terms of time to progression and overall survival when treated with @entity470 TKIs but not chemotherapy (CT). Aim of the current study is to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of the proteomic classifier on outcome in advanced @entity1149 pts, treated with either @entity470 -TKIs or standard CT in second-line setting. METHODS: PROSE is a phase III, prospective, double-blinded trial where pts with advanced @entity1149 are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive @entity3866 150 mg daily or standard second-line CT (pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) 3w or @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) 3w). Pts are stratified according to ECOG Performance Status, smoking history and proteomic profile (good vs poor) obtained from MALDI ToF analysis of pretreatment sera. To detect a different survival effect between @entity3866 and CT in the 2 proteomic-classified groups, the study sample size was calculated based on: the established 65/35% ratio between VeriStrat good and VeriStrat poor-classified pts; the expected median survival of 7 months (mos) in @entity1 treated with CT irrespectively of proteomic profile and of approximately 4.2 mos for VeriStrat poor (HR 1.7) and 9.9 mos for VeriStrat good (HR 0.7) pts treated with @entity3866 . Up to now, 196 pts out of the 275 planned have been enrolled in 12 Italian centers. PROSE trial is the first study worldwide that prospectively applies proteomics into a clinical setting. If the predictive value of proteomic analysis were confirmed, PROSE study would open the possibility of a new, simple and reliable tool to select the best second-line treatment between @entity470 TKIs or CT in @entity1149 pts, who are either @entity470 undetermined or wild type.

title: PROSE: Randomized proteomic stratified phase III study of second line XXXX versus chemotherapy in @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: Oral @entity3601 and @entity229 remain an effective and tolerable treatment for @entity1 with @entity1582 . For approximately 40 years, this combination has been the standard of care for @entity1 not proceeding to stem cell transplant. Within the last 10 years, new agents have been found to be efficacious in the relapsed/refractory setting. Within the last year, two trials of added @entity2816 in the newly diagnosed setting have demonstrated outcomes superior to those achieved with @entity3601 and @entity229 alone. This improved outcome comes at the cost of @entity137 .The National @entity5 Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) has recently developed a randomized phase ii trial (MY.11) that uses a combination of @entity6985 with @entity3601 for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 . @entity6985 is a @entity2816 analogue and, like @entity2816 , is thought to work through immunomodulatory effects. It was shown to have activity in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory disease and, in combination with @entity619 , is superior to @entity619 alone. @entity6985 holds promise as a more effective and potentially less toxic derivative of @entity2816 . Experience with @entity6985 in combination with chemotherapy is very limited, and the purpose of MY.11 is to establish tolerability and to gain knowledge about efficacy. The information gained from MY.11 is expected to help inform dosing levels and schedules for a large phase iii trial being developed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group that will include participation by the NCIC CTG.

title: Addition of @entity6985 to XXXX in the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity1582 : the National @entity5 Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group MY.11 trial.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['increased toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity3601 :: (MESH:D008558,Chemical) :: ['melphalan']


abstract: Illumination of aqueous @entity3759 suspentions yields @entity3787 radicals, which can be trapped by @entity1042 producing @entity406 ( @entity5565 ). In this work, the photonic efficiency and quantum yield of @entity5565 formation in colloidal @entity3759 solutions and, @entity4667 and UV 100 suspensions have been determined. Differences in photocatalytic activity of the three photocatalysts have been found and are discussed. The photonic efficiency of @entity5565 formation in the presence of @entity4667 and UV 100 depends on the concentration of @entity3759 and the pH. The critical concentration is 2.5 g/L. Below this, the photonic efficiency with @entity4667 is higher than with UV 100, and vice versa. Optimum pH values for @entity4667 and UV 100 giving the maximum photonic efficiency are 7.7 and 10.4, respectively. Compared to @entity4667 and UV 100, the true quantum yield of @entity5565 formation in colloidal @entity3759 solution varies a little with pH and virtually does not change with the amount of loading of @entity3759 . The true quantum yield varies as the inverse square root of light intensity. The quantum yield increases from 0.02 to 0.08 when the absorbed photon flux decreases from 8.1 x 10(-7) Ein/L s to 4.9 x 10(-8) Ein/L s. A simple model is presented to explain the experimental observation.

title: Determination of photonic efficiency and quantum yield of XXXX formation in the presence of various @entity3759 photocatalysts.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigates the effects of anticoagulant therapy on pregnancy outcomes in 204 @entity1 with @entity49 and previous poor obstetric outcomes. @entity1 with poor obstetric history ( @entity1468 , @entity1592 , @entity5617 , @entity5869 , recurrent @entity393 ) and having hereditary @entity49 were included in this study. Poor obstetric outcomes were observed more frequently in @entity1 who had not taken anticogulant therapy compared with treated group. Live birth rate, gestational age at birth and Apgar scores were significantly higher in the treated group when compared with the untreated group. There were no significant differences in terms of birthweight, mode of delivery and admission rates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) plus @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) had higher gestational age at birth, Apgar scores, live birth rate and a lower abortion rates when compared with controls; in contrast, no significant difference was observed in terms of birthweight, mode of delivery, obstetric complications and admission rates to NICU. There were no significant differences between control group and both LMWH only and @entity1281 only groups in terms of gestational age at birth, Apgar scores, birthweight, mode of delivery, obstetric complications and admission rates to NICU. Only LMWH group had higher live birth rate as compared with control group. The use of only @entity1281 did not seem to affect the perinatal complication rates and outcomes. In conclusion, anticoagulant therapy with both LMWH and @entity1281 seems to provide better obstetric outcomes in pregnant @entity1 with @entity49 and previous poor obstetric outcomes.

title: Effects of anticoagulant therapy on pregnancy outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX and previous poor obstetric history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: Abstract Gastric suctioning is common in neonatal intensive care units. Studies suggest that gastric suctioning in premature @entity1 may play a role in the development of @entity1931 . We hypothesized that repeated orogastric suctioning during the neonatal period results in chronic alterations in visceral and somatic sensation through a corticotropin-releasing factor mediated mechanism. Neonatal male Long Evans @entity35 (n = 13) received daily orogastric suctioning for 10 days starting at postnatal day two (P2). Control @entity35 (n = 15) were handled similarly without orogastric suction. A second study group was subjected to a similar protocol, only with pre-emptive administration of a CRF1 receptor antagonist ( @entity31085 , 20 mg/kg, IP) (n = 8). The control group received vehicle only (n = 8). An additional group was given antalarmin without suctioning (n = 5). After these @entity35 grew to adulthood (PN 60), a visceromotor response to graded colorectal distension was recorded (10-80 mmHg, 30s, 180s inter-stimulus intervals) to assess changes in visceral sensitivity. Paw withdrawal latency to noxious heat applied to the hind paws was measured to assess changes in cutaneous sensitivity. Orogastric suctioning during the neonatal period results in global chronic somatic and @entity1931 in adult @entity35 . @entity1931 is prevented by pre-emptive administration of the CRF1 receptor antagonist, antalarmin.

title: Neonatal gastric suctioning results in chronic visceral and somatic XXXX : role of corticotropin releasing factor.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia', 'Visceral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity31085 :: ('MESH:C103016', 'Chemical') :: ['antalarmin']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To find correlations between the extent of myelinated nerve fibers with @entity154 . METHOD: Searching for myelinated nerve fibers in the slide collection of the University Eye Hospital Freiburg we found 13 @entity1 . We distinguished between eyes with wide-spread myelinated nerve fibers located on and around the optic disc which extended to the midperiphery of the retina (6 @entity1 ; Group A) and eyes with circumscribed myelinated nerve fibers, localized merely around the optic disc (7 @entity1 , Group B). In Group A myelinated nerve fibers spared the macula area, but were localized very close to the macula. Color fundus photographs were taken by the Zeiss Fundus camera SK50 (30 degrees and 50 degrees picture size) and by the Olympus Fundus camera GRC-W (same picture size). RESULTS: The myelinated nerve fibers were found to be unilateral in all 13 @entity1 . In all 6 @entity1 of Group A, a strabismus was present. The affected eye had a severe @entity4457 and a unilateral @entity1714 (-5.75 to -25.0 D). The nonaffected fellow eye showed a normal visual acuity with no or only a slight @entity2516 . In the 7 @entity1 of the Group B, no strabismus was present and a normal or a slightly decreased visual acuity of the affected eye was found. No distinct @entity2516 was present in the affected and non-affected eyes of this group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1714 only occurred in eyes with wide-spread myelinated nerve fibers but not in eyes with circumscribed myelinated nerve fibers. We assume that myelinated nerve fibers, if wide-spread, cause @entity1714 .

title: Wide-spread myelinated nerve fibers of the optic disc: do they influence the development of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['refraction anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: To investigate the development of @entity8 during the chronic phase of experimental @entity1526 , C3H-Hej @entity19 were infected with @entity1527 trypomastigotes. Deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in renal mesangium were observed by immunofluorescence (IF) to increase in size as a function of time after @entity281 (4-6 months). T. cruzi antigens were codeposited in glomeruli with Ig and C3. Electron-dense deposits were visualized in mesangial and paramesangial areas by electron microscopy. @entity1619 . cruzi and rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies (of IgG isotypes) were detected both in serum and in renal eluates. In serum, the titers of both antibodies progressively decreased as a function of time after @entity281 . In renal eluates, titers of anti-T. cruzi antibodies appeared to be stable during the three time periods after @entity281 . By contrast, titers of RF antibodies in renal eluates were shown to increase progressively during these same time periods, paralleling the increase in size of mesangial Ig deposits observed by IF. Several @entity1527 proteins were immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled renal eluates by a control anti-T. cruzi antibody. In addition, antibodies from renal eluates specifically precipitated a 85-kDa protein from radiolabeled @entity1527 lysates, whereas serum antibodies precipitated a broad pattern of @entity1527 proteins. These results demonstrate that @entity19 experimentally infected with @entity1527 can develop a @entity7622 during the chronic phase of the disease, which appears to be mediated through immune complexes containing parasite antigens associated with secondary deposition of RF.

title: Immune complex-mediated @entity8 in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial glomerulopathy']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are a rare subset of @entity361 specific to the gastrointestinal system. They are both locally aggressive and can @entity3 . The aim of this analysis was to report on our experience of the utility of coincidence positron emission tomography (co-PET) based on an @entity419 gamma camera in assessing treatment response to @entity2213 using CT as the comparator and the final clinical outcome as the end point. METHODS: We compared the results of CT and PET scans as predictors of outcome in a consecutive series of @entity1 treated at the Prince of Wales hospital. All @entity1 had biopsy-proven malignant @entity677 and were on treatment with the targeted pharmacotherapeutic agent @entity2213 . The majority of the @entity1 were receiving treatment as part of the randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 , the Australian Gastrointestinal Trials Group and the @entity242 Group, comparing 400 with 800 mg (400 mg b.i.d.). The monitoring of @entity5 response was achieved by serial CT measurements according to the RECIST criteria. Concurrent @entity419 co-PET studies were performed within a mean of 2.8 days from the CT scan and were interpreted by a consensus panel of 2 nuclear medicine physicians. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 were recruited into the study, with a total of 74 lesions. There were 47 liver lesions, 31 of which were identified on the initial @entity419 co-PET scans (63%). There were 10 primary lesions (4 stomach, 4 duodenal, 2 small bowel), 9 of which were demonstrated on initial @entity419 co-PET examinations (90%). There were 17 extrahepatic metastatic sites, 15 of which were visualized on the initial @entity419 study (88%). Of the 18 @entity1 , 8 showed concordant improvement on both CT and @entity419 co-PET criteria. One @entity1 showed concordant worsening and 1 was not FDG avid. Eight @entity1 initially showed discordance. @entity419 co-PET studies demonstrated changes preceding CT findings in all 8 @entity1 with subsequent concordant improvement. CONCLUSION: @entity419 co-PET is a useful modality to monitor treatment response to @entity2213 in @entity1 with malignant @entity677 . Although there is a relatively reduced sensitivity when compared with CT for the detection of lesions especially in the liver, co-PET changes in several instances precede the changes on CT scanning. This modality has the potential to influence clinical decision making and should be considered as part of the standard care of @entity1 on @entity2213 .

title: XXXX : correlation of F-FDG gamma camera-based coincidence positron emission tomography with CT for the assessment of treatment response--an AGITG study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['Italian Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Cancer', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive mesenchymal tumours']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumours']


abstract: Evidence exists that @entity4876 inhibits apoptosis of colon crypt cells in vivo so that less @entity2340 from cell debris is available for skatole formation by microbes in the @entity1707 colon. In this study, @entity415 starch containing a high proportion of resistant starch was fed to test the hypothesis that increased @entity4876 formation will occur in the colon and contribute to reduced epithelial cell apoptosis, thus leading to reduced skatole formation and absorption. Two groups of six barrows were provided with catheters in the jugular vein and fed either a ration with pregelatinized starch (high ileal digestibility; controls) or @entity415 starch (low ileal digestibility; PS) as the main @entity1735 . All @entity1707 were fed 31 MJ of metabolizable energy and 381 g of crude protein per day. The controls were fed for 19 d. The PS group received the same control ration for 10 d, and then changed to the PS ration. The total feeding period of PS consisted of a 5 d adaptation period followed by another 19 d. In the continously sampled feces, pH, short chain @entity1718 , and skatole were determined. Skatole was additionally measured in blood plasma that was sampled daily. After killing barrows at the end of the feeding period, fat tissue for skatole measurement and colon tissue for histological quantification of mitosis and apoptosis were obtained. Feeding @entity415 starch led to a rapid 2.2 fold increase of fecal @entity4876 when compared both with the control period of the PS group and the control group (P < 0.001). PS feeding resulted in a decrease in pH from 7.3 to 5.3 (P < 0.001) and apoptosis from 2.06 cells/crypt to 0.90 cells (P < 0.01), whereas there was no change in mitosis. Consequently, skatole decreased both in feces (controls vs PS group: 120.0 vs 1.9 microg/g; P < 0.001) and in blood plasma (1.6 vs 0.2 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The mean concentration of skatole in fat tissue was 167 ng/g tissue in controls, and below the detection limit (0.8 ng/g) in the PS group (P < 0.001). It is concluded that @entity4876 -dependent inhibition of apoptosis in the colon due to @entity415 starch feeding efficiently inhibits skatole production in barrows. Because of the depressed skatole levels, improved sensory quality of pork is possible.

title: Effects of @entity4876 on apoptosis in the XXXX colon and its consequences for skatole formation and tissue accumulation.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of @entity731 , including @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed @entity533 , @entity14565 , and @entity14566 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the @entity731 process. @entity533 inhibits the production of @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. @entity533 and @entity2842 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of @entity533 , @entity14566 , @entity2842 and @entity2842 receptors in a series of @entity1 with severe @entity3657 . Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 @entity1 with @entity3657 were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. @entity533 and @entity14566 , @entity2842 and the @entity23674 , and @entity20363 , were increased in @entity3657 @entity1 . There were no significant changes in C-C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of @entity731 in @entity3657 .

title: Immunohistochemical Analysis of Paraoxonases and Chemokines in Arteries of XXXX with @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity23674 :: ('1238', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine-binding protein 2']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2', 'CCL2']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity20363 :: ('2532', 'Gene') :: ['Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuropathic mechanisms largely contribute to @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and oxidative stress is acknowledged as one of the causes of nerve damage typical of @entity9 : antioxidant agents may be a useful choice in the multimodal treatment strategy for chronic @entity1643 @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this study was to detect changes in perceived @entity158 , functional activity and in the assumption of analgesics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 treated with a combination of @entity12837 (ALA) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD). DESIGN: Prospective non-randomized open-label study. SETTING: Outpatient at TAMMEF (Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields) Centre of the University of Siena. POPULATION: The study enrolled 98 adult @entity1 with chronic (>= 12 weeks) @entity1643 with or without @entity614 and without @entity5 or inflammatory pathologies. METHODS: @entity1 were treated for 60 days with 600 mg ALA and 140 UI SOD/die. The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Pain Rating Scale were used and concomitant use of medications (with particular attention to analgesics) and adverse events ( @entity137 ) were recorded during treatment. Differences between all the study time points were calculated for the scores of the two tools and for the need of concomitant treatment with analgesics. RESULTS: At the end of the study only 8% of @entity1 still used analgesics versus 73.5% registered at baseline (P<0.01). Regarding self-reported tools, a statistically significant improvement both for perceived @entity158 occurred: @entity158 ameliorated after 40 days of therapy and the improvement was significant both statistically (P<0.05) and clinically. Only 4 @entity1 stopped the treatment due to unacceptable @entity158 (not related to the treatment). CONCLUSION: Oral treatment with ALA and SOD improves functionality and reduces the use of analgesics in chronic @entity1643 @entity1 . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Oral combination of ALA and SOD may be a powerful adjuvant in multimodal therapy of chronic @entity1643 @entity1 .

title: Alpha XXXX and @entity224 dismutase in the treatment of @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and functional disabilities']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity12837 :: (MESH:D008063,Chemical) :: ['lipoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Teledermatology may be less optimal for @entity1489 than for rashes. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine agreement for @entity1489 . METHODS: This was a repeated measures study. Each lesion was examined by a clinic dermatologist and a teledermatologist; both generated a primary diagnosis, up to 2 differential diagnoses, and management. Macro images and polarized light dermoscopy images were obtained; for @entity66 only, contact immersion dermoscopy image was obtained. RESULTS: There were 3021 lesions in 2152 @entity1 . Of 1685 biopsied lesions, there were 410 @entity1491 (24%), 240 @entity957 (14%), and 41 @entity320 (2.4%). Agreement was fair to substantial for primary diagnosis (45.7%-80.1%; kappa 0.32-0.62), substantial to almost perfect for aggregated diagnoses (primary plus differential; 78.6%-93.9%; kappa 0.77-0.90), and fair for management (66.7%-86.1%; kappa 0.28-0.41). Diagnostic agreement rates were higher for @entity66 (52.8%-93.9%; kappa 0.44-0.90) than nonpigmented lesions (47.7%-87.3%; kappa 0.32-0.86), whereas the  reverse was found for management agreement (pigmented: 66.7%-79.8%, kappa 0.19-0.35 vs nonpigmented: 72.0%-86.1%, kappa 0.38-0.41). Agreement rates using macro images were similar to polarized light dermoscopy; contact immersion dermoscopy, however, significantly improved rates for @entity66 . LIMITATIONS: We studied a homogeneous population. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic agreement was moderate to almost perfect whereas management agreement was fair. Polarized light dermoscopy increased rates modestly whereas contact immersion dermoscopy significantly increased rates for @entity66 .

title: Reliability of store and forward teledermatology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin neoplasms']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: After humeral head replacement, revision total shoulder arthroplasty may become necessary for painful @entity4040 . The hypothesis of this study was revision surgery would significantly relieve the @entity1 ' @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report retrospectively reviewed the results of revision total shoulder arthroplasty in seventeen @entity1 with a painful humeral head replacement and @entity4040 . The mean time interval to revision was 36.4 months (6-144) and the @entity1 were followed for an average of 56.1 months (24-119). Outcomes were graded with the Neer classification. RESULTS: There were 7 (41.2%) excellent, 5 (29.4%) satisfactory, and 5 (29.4%) unsatisfactory results. The visual analogue @entity158 score decreased from 8.8 to 2.4, flexion improved from 73 degrees to 124, abduction from 63 to 115.6, and external rotation from 12.1 to 46.8. In 13 shoulders with sufficient data, the ASES score was 76.8 and the SST 9.5. It was necessary to revise the humeral stem in 12 of the 17 procedures, typically for poor stem position or improved exposure. CONCLUSION: Conversion of humeral head replacement to total shoulder arthroplasty can be accomplished with excellent results, but the surgery is complex and unsatisfactory results are frequent. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4; Retrospective case series, no control group.

title: Revision total shoulder arthroplasty for painful humeral head replacement with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid arthrosis']

answer: @entity4040 :: (MESH:C537208,Disease) :: ['glenoid arthrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity6 is present in 5% to 20% of @entity1 undergoing spine surgeries and is a known risk factor for reoperation. Considering the chronicity of @entity6 , its influence on the reoperation rate may differ over time. PURPOSE: To present the relationship between @entity6 and the reoperation rate over time. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 SAMPLE: A national health insurance database was used to identify a cohort of @entity1 who underwent an initial surgery for lumbar degenerative disease in 2003 (n=34,918). OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was any type of second lumbar surgery after fusion surgery (n=4,792) or decompression surgery (n=30,126) during the early (0-postoperative 90 days), short-term (91-365 days), and midterm (1-6 years) periods. METHODS: All @entity1 were followed up until December 2008. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the adjusted reoperation rates in the @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity6 in the present cohort was 24.5% in the fusion group and 16.9% in the decompression group. Overall, reoperation was performed in 13.2% (631 of 4,792) of the @entity1 after fusion surgery and in 14.0% (4,214 of 30,126) of the @entity1 after decompression surgery. After fusion surgery, @entity6 did not make a significant difference in the reoperation rate during the entire follow-up period. After decompression surgery, the reoperation rate was not different during Postoperative Month 3, but @entity6 @entity1 showed a 1.2 to 1.4 times higher reoperation rate during postoperative 3 months to 5 years (p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not find a relationship between @entity6 at the time of surgery and the reoperation rate during the early postoperative period. Thereafter, the reoperation rate was not higher after fusion surgery in @entity6 @entity1 , but it was higher after decompression surgery.

title: The relationship between XXXX and the reoperation rate after lumbar spinal surgery: a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Malondialdehyde ( @entity1865 ) is an end-product formed during lipid peroxidation, due to degradation of cellular membrane phospholipids. @entity1865 is released into extracellular space and finally into the blood; it has been used as an effective biomarker of lipid oxidation. High circulating levels of @entity1865 have been previously described in @entity1 with @entity63 stoke than in controls, and an association between circulating @entity1865 levels and neurological functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity63 stoke. However, an association between serum @entity1865 levels and mortality in @entity1 with @entity385 has not been previously reported, and that was the objective of this study. METHODS: Observational, prospective and multicenter study performed in six Intensive Care Units. We included @entity1 with severe @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) defined as Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) lower than 9. We measured serum @entity1865 levels in 50 @entity1 with severe @entity2500 at the time of diagnosis and in 100 healthy subjects. Mortality at 30 days was the end point of the study. RESULTS: We found that @entity1 with severe @entity2500 showed higher serum @entity1865 levels than healthy subjects (p<0.001). We found higher serum @entity1865 levels (p<0.001) in non-surviving @entity2500 @entity1 (n=26) than in survivors (n=24). The area under the curve for prediction of 30-day mortality for serum @entity1865 levels was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.63-0.88; p<0.001). Serum @entity1865 levels >2.27 nmol/mL were associated with 30-day mortality (OR=7.23; 95% CI=1.84-28.73; p=0.005) controlling for GCS and age on multiple binomial logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that serum malondialdehyde levels in @entity1 with @entity2500 are associated with early mortality.

title: Serum malondialdehyde levels in XXXX with @entity2500 are associated with mortality.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MMCAI', 'malignant middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) is widely used for inducing conditioned taste aversion (CTA) so that livestock will reduce or avoid ingestion of toxic plants and graze groundcover mingled with valuable crops. However, pharmacokinetic studies of @entity4113 at effective CTA doses are lacking. With this aim, 6 Murciano-Grandina dairy does during late lactation and 6 dry Manchega dairy ewes were orally dosed with 200 and 225 mg @entity4113 /kg BW, respectively. Does were placed in metabolism cages whereas ewes were group fed in pens. @entity1091 was measured over 168 (does) and 192 h (ewes) at predefined intervals in plasma, urine, feces, and milk using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma Li concentrations reached a maximum at 4 h in does (13.4    1.35 mg Li/L) and 12 h in ewes (17.7    0.8 mg Li/L). The calculated plasma half-lives were 40.3    3.8 and 30.9    2.1 h for does and ewes, respectively. In @entity1237 , all Li administered was recovered at 96 h (92    4% in urine, 6.5    1.3% in feces, and 2.8    0.4% in milk); however, the estimated clearance time in feces was 11 and 9 d for does and ewes, respectively. Additionally, maximum Li excretion in doe milk was 15.6    0.5 mg/L, which was approximately half of the calculated effective dose for a 5-kg BW sucking kid. In conclusion, Li kinetics in @entity1237 and @entity742 were similar to @entity291 and elimination took longer than in monogastric species. The low concentration of Li in feces, urine, and milk, as well as the complete elimination of Li from the body after 1.5 wk allows us to conclude that @entity4113 is safe and suitable for inducing CTA in ruminants.

title: Kinetics of @entity1091 as a @entity13557 dose suitable for conditioned taste aversion in lactating XXXX and dry @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium chloride']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 affecting American @entity1 over the age of 50. Its incidence increases with each decade. It is usually discovered by rectal examination performed during physical examination or incidentally found on histologic sections of a prostate removed to alleviate @entity1494 . About 50% of @entity1 have clinically localized disease at presentation. The majority of @entity263 grow slowly, metastasize late, and are not the primary cause of @entity204 . Before recommending treatment to a @entity1 with @entity263 , the treating physician should assess the extent of @entity5 and determine which therapy, if any, would favorably influence the course of disease with the least influence on the general quality of life. @entity1 with disease limited to the prostate are offered curative therapy with either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Those with locally extensive disease are treated with external beam irradiation or with @entity342 ablation. @entity3 is treated by @entity342 ablation. Chemotherapy is reserved for those @entity1 who fail hormonal treatment.

title: XXXX : pathology, staging, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstructive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High factor-VII activity has recently been recognized as an independent risk factor for @entity453 . The aim of the present study was to determine whether high levels of factor-VII activity in elderly @entity1 are caused by endothelial cell injury and are related to @entity455 through activation of the coagulation system. METHODS: We studies 27 asymptomatic healthy elderly @entity1 with high factor-VII activity (155-206%) and 22 healthy elderly @entity1 with low factor-VII activity (96-122%) selected from 246 @entity1 over 60 years of age attending annual health examinations. We also studied 36 @entity1 with @entity455 (22 with @entity453 with chronic @entity385 ). RESULTS: The levels of endothelium-derived markers (thrombomodulin, tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex, active @entity62234 ) did not differ between the subjects with high and those with low factor-VII activity. We therefore conclude that high factor-VII activity is not primarily caused by endothelial cell injury. The high-factor-VII group had higher levels of coagulation inhibitors (protein C, antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II), coagulation activation markers (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer and plasmin-alpha2- plasmin-inhibitor complex), lipoprotein (a) and total @entity165 than the low-factor-VII group. The coagulation and lipid profiles of the group with @entity455 were closer to those of the high-factor-VII group than to those of the low-factor-VII group; the same was true of elevated active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. CONCLUSION: High factor-VII activity in the elderly is accompanied by hyperlipidaemia, including increased levels of lipoprotein (a), and leads to coagulation activation in vivo. Thus, elderly @entity1 with high factor-VII activity are predisposed to @entity455 .

title: High factor-VII activity in the elderly is related to XXXX through activation of the coagulation system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity62234 :: ('5054;7035', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease and 14']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that @entity1 with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) have mild hypocortisolism. The clinical significance of this is unclear. We aimed to determine whether hypocortisolism exerted any effect on the response of @entity5815 to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). METHOD: We measured 24-h urinary free @entity701 (UFC) in 84 @entity1 with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined @entity5815 (of whom 64 were free from psychotropic medication) who then received CBT in a specialist, tertiary out- @entity1 clinic as part of their usual clinical care. We also measured salivary @entity701 output from 0800 to 2000 h in a subsample of 56 psychotropic medication-free @entity1 . RESULTS: Overall, 39% of @entity1 responded to CBT after 6 months of treatment. Lower 24-h UFC output was associated with a poorer response to CBT but only in psychotropic medication-free @entity1 . A flattened diurnal profile of salivary @entity701 was also associated with a poor response to CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Low @entity701 is of clinical relevance in @entity5815 , as it is associated with a poorer response to CBT. Hypocortisolism could be one of several maintaining factors that interact in the persistence of @entity5815 .

title: Does hypocortisolism predict a poor response to cognitive behavioural therapy in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: Total @entity1563 and reperfusion result in attenuation of coronary blood flow reserve, regional @entity296 , and myocardial leukocyte infiltration. To examine the effects of intracoronary @entity859 on these occlusion and reperfusion-induced perturbations, we subjected 14 @entity235 to total @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) @entity1563 (1 hour) and reperfusion (1 hour). Seven @entity235 received @entity859 (3.75 mg/min into the @entity1347 distal to the occlusion) over a 1-hour period starting 5 minutes before reperfusion, and the remaining seven @entity235 received saline solution. One @entity235 in each group died of @entity2224 during @entity1563 . Coronary flow reserve, measured as peak reactive @entity450 (10 and 20 seconds of total @entity1563 ) and peak coronary blood flow response to @entity934 (0.01 to 1.0 micrograms) and @entity1242 (5 to 25 micrograms), was impaired in the @entity1347 region after @entity432 and reperfusion in the saline-treated @entity235 (all p < 0.01 vs before occlusion and reperfusion); @entity1347 regional myocardial shortening fraction measured by ultrasonic crystals was also diminished after occlusion and reperfusion in saline-treated @entity235 (-5% +/- 1% vs 12% +/- 2%; p < 0.02). The @entity859 -treated @entity235 showed total protection against loss of coronary flow reserve (peak reactive @entity450 and blood flow increase in response to @entity934 and @entity1242 ; all p values not significant vs before @entity432 and reperfusion). @entity1347 regional myocardial shortening fraction was also preserved in @entity859 -treated @entity235 (9% +/- 2% vs 14% +/- 2%; p not significant). Myocardial @entity20402 activity, measured as an index of myocardial leukocyte infiltration, was greater (p < 0.02) in the @entity1347 ischemic-reperfused regions than in nonischemic circumflex regions in the saline-treated @entity235 . A similar difference in @entity20402 activities in the reperfused and control regions was not observed in the @entity859 -treated @entity235 . Thus @entity859 protects against loss of coronary flow reserve and regional myocardial function in @entity235 subjected to @entity1563 and reperfusion.

title: @entity859 protects against attenuation of flow reserve and myocardial function after XXXX and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: First-trimester chorionic villi (CV) are an attractive source of @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for possible applications in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. @entity1 MSC from CV were monitored for genetic stability in long-term cultures. METHODS: We set up a good manufacturing practice cryopreservation procedure for small amounts of native CV samples. After isolation, hMSC were in vitro cultured and analyzed for biological end points. Genome stability at different passages of expansion was explored by karyotype, genome-wide array-comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite genotyping. RESULTS: Growth curve analysis revealed a high proliferative potential of CV-derived cells. Immunophenotyping showed expression of typical MSC markers and absence of hematopoietic markers. Analysis of multilineage potential demonstrated efficient differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and induction of neuro-glial commitment. In angiogenic experiments, differentiation in endothelial cells was detected by in vitro Matrigel assay after @entity7 stimulation. Data obtained from karyotyping, array-comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite genotyping comparing early with late DNA passages did not show any genomic variation at least up to passage 10. Aneuploid clones appeared in four of 14 cases at latest passages, immediately before culture @entity851 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity3531 -MSC are genetically stable in long-term cultures at least up to passage 10  and that it is possible to achieve clinically relevant amounts of @entity3531 -MSC even after few stages of expansion. Genome abnormalities at higher passages can occasionally occur and are always associated with spontaneous @entity851 . Under these circumstances, @entity3531 -MSC could be suitable for therapeutic purposes.

title: Fetal mesenchymal stromal cells from cryopreserved XXXX chorionic  villi: cytogenetic and molecular analysis of genome stability in long-term cultures.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and is usually accompanied by resistance to chemotherapy. To study whether relapse is accompanied by genetic alterations, we compared @entity8497 , @entity876 and @entity7801 gene mutations in paired samples obtained at initial diagnosis and first relapse. 28 @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 were studied, and their duration of complete remission ranged from 133 to 989 d (mean 318 d). Karyotype changes were observed at relapse in 11 @entity1 . Point mutations of the @entity8497 gene were positive at both stages (+/+) in three @entity1 , positive at initial diagnosis and negative at relapse (+/-) in three @entity1 , and negative at initial diagnosis and positive at relapse (-/+) in two @entity1 . Internal tandem duplications of the @entity7801 gene ( @entity7801 /ITD) were +/+ in five @entity1 , +/- in one @entity1 , and -/+ in six @entity1 . The @entity876 gene mutations were +/+ in two @entity1 , +/- in one @entity1 , and -/- in 25 @entity1 . @entity7801 /ITD and mutant @entity876 at relapse were associated with short survival after relapse. These results indicate that relapse is frequently accompanied by molecular alterations that include the loss and/or acquisition of mutations. Thus relapse can be understood as clonal shift or collateral succession rather than clonal progression.

title: Molecular evolution of @entity3052 in relapse: unstable XXXX and @entity7801 genes compared with @entity876 gene.

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity8497 :: (4893,Gene) :: ['N-ras']


abstract: The responses of serum @entity413 , @entity2690 , and lipids to a @entity413 load were compared in two groups of college-age @entity1 fed two different @entity1735 diets. One group of @entity1 took oral contraceptives (OC) and the other group had never taken OC. Two experimental diets supplied approximately 13% of the calories from protein, 36% from fat, and 51% from @entity1735 . Of the @entity1735 , 84% was either sucrose or @entity3505 starch. Each diet was fed for 4 weeks in a cross-over design. The subjects were given a @entity413 load dose, 1 g/kg of body weight, before and after each dietary period. Serum @entity413 , @entity2690 , and lipids were measured before and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the load dose. Serum @entity2690 was significantly affected by the type of @entity1735 in the diet (p less than .01). The @entity969 diet generally gave lower @entity2690 levels in response to the @entity413 load. Serum @entity412 levels were significantly higher (p less than .01) in users than nonusers of OC. Serum free @entity1718 and total lipids were not significantly affected by OC use. There was no effect of different @entity3363 on any of the serum lipid parameters. Significant responses from fasting levels were observed for serum @entity413 , @entity2690 , and @entity412 levels (p less than .01).

title: @entity1735 tolerance and serum lipid responses to type of dietary XXXX and oral contraceptive use in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: A 76-year-old @entity1 with a 10-year history of chronic @entity631 was treated at a clinic after presenting with a gradual worsening of the renal function. The @entity1 had no history of @entity378 . She was subsequently hospitalized for uremic symptoms and treated with internal shunt insertion and dialysis. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed to screen for @entity3528 , which revealed a calcified @entity1374 and cervical @entity4 . Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was thus conducted to assess suspected @entity259 . The cytological findings showed few follicular epithelial cells, without any signs of @entity5 . However, a diagnosis of @entity259 continued to be strongly suspected based on the imaging features. Total thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical regional lymph node dissection were therefore performed, and the pathological examination of the thyroidectomy specimen disclosed scattered @entity738 with @entity39 in the entire right lobe as well as the cervical lymph nodes. Based on these findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1374 . As the symptoms and imaging findings of @entity378 are nonspecific in elderly @entity1 , it is necessary to consider this disease in this population. We therefore propose the inclusion of @entity1374 in the differential diagnosis of elderly @entity1 who present with malignant @entity259 on aspiration biopsy cytology, regardless of whether or not they have a previous history of @entity378 .

title: @entity378 of the thyroid gland mimicking XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['caseous necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node swelling']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tuberculosis', 'thyroid mass']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']