abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R), plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation and atherogenesis. AT2R gene is located on chromosome X and the biological effect of polymorphism @entity54402 in this gene needs to be further specified. We examined the impact of @entity54402 on the risk and the severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ), and the expression of proatherogenic inflammatory molecules in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 146 with @entity453 (102 with @entity101 ) and 266 age-matched individuals without @entity453 (114 with @entity101 ). The presence of @entity54402 polymorphism on AT2R gene was determined by PCR. Serum levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity2002 , @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and soluble @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) were measured in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: The G allele was associated with decreased risk of @entity453 among @entity101 (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI))): 0.4 (0.2-0.9), P = 0.01) and less aggressive angiographic @entity453 (P < 0.001). The G allele was associated with lower @entity650 (median (25-75th percentile): 1.4 (0.6-3.8)), sVCAM-1 (621 (476-799)), @entity1851 (1.2 (0.6-1.7)), and @entity2002 (369 (320-416)) vs. A allele ( @entity650 : 2.4 (1.1-4.5) P < 0.01, sVCAM-1: 702 (548-925) P < 0.05, @entity1851 : 3.5 (2.0-6.1) P < 0.001, and @entity2002 : 407 (348-514) P < 0.01). The effect of @entity54402 on serum @entity650 , sVCAM-1, and @entity2002 was driven by its effect among @entity101 ( @entity650 3.1 (2.1-5.6 in A vs. 1.2 (0.3-3.4) in G P < 0.001, sVCAM-1: 890 (560-1000) in A vs. 556 (377-788) in G P < 0.01, and @entity2002 : 408 (354-510) in A vs. 369 (324-418) in G P < 0.001) whereas it had no effect among nonhypertensives. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphism @entity54402 on AT2R gene affects @entity65 and the severity of @entity731 by modifying systemic @entity32 , especially in @entity101 males.

title: Genetic polymorphism on type 2 receptor of angiotensin II, modifies @entity65 and systemic @entity32 in XXXX males.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity912 , induced by the tick Ixodes rubicundus, was investigated in a @entity912 -enzootic area of the southwestern Orange Free State, Republic of South Africa. @entity742 became paralysed during the last week of April and the first week of May during the 1985 and 1986 seasons, respectively. @entity912 cases were recorded up until July, but most @entity912 cases occurred during the first week of May with a second but smaller peak occurring during June. Tick numbers on paralysed @entity742 closely followed peak periods in @entity912 . A total of 65 and 50% of the naive @entity742 became paralysed during the 1985 and 1986 seasons, respectively. The seasonal pattern of @entity277 by female I. rubicundus was similar on both previously exposed and on naive @entity742 . The results of this study indicate that a certain number of ticks per kilogram host body mass is required before symptoms of paresis of @entity912 are observed. In general the tick burden per kilogram host mass was significantly greater in paralysed compared to non-paralysed @entity742 . The range in the number of ticks per kilogram host mass may, however, overlap between non-paralysed and paralysed groups. Previously exposed or previously paralysed @entity742 are less susceptible to @entity912 in the following year. Differences in susceptibility between individual @entity742 seems likely.

title: Seasonal incidence of XXXX in relation to the @entity277 density of female Ixodes rubicundus.

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Karoo paralysis', 'paralysis', 'Paralysis']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['tick infestation']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['Karoo paralysis']


abstract: Adverse effects such as increased anterior pelvic tilt (APT) are reported after @entity121 ( @entity121 ) for the correction of flexed knee gait in @entity306 . The @entity121 ( @entity121 ) to monoarticular muscles represents an alternative treatment, but only few short-term results have been published, without comparison with @entity121 . The long-term outcome of 21 @entity306 @entity1 treated with @entity121 in a prospective study was compared with the results in @entity121 @entity1 in a matched-pair analysis. Standardized clinical examination and three-dimensional gait analysis were done before surgery, 1 year thereafter, and at long-term follow-up a mean of 9.2 years postoperatively. Mean APT increased one year after surgery in both groups. This increase was higher in @entity121 @entity1 and statistically significant only for this group. Knee flexion at initial contact and minimum knee flexion in stance were significantly decreased in both groups, while in swing the @entity121 group tended to show more of a decrease in knee flexion but at the cost of reduced peak flexion. Both groups showed deterioration of kinematic knee parameters through to long-term follow-up; the favourable effects of @entity121 disappeared, and the two groups displayed comparable average pelvic and knee kinematics. Considering individual patterns the prevalence of increased APT was lower in the @entity121 group 1 year after surgery, indicating that sparing the semitendinosus may have a positive effect on pelvic stability. However, after 9 years 30% of the @entity1 in both groups showed increased APT indicative of persistent hamstring insufficiency. These results demonstrate that @entity121 , a significantly more extensive procedure, has no long-term advantage over @entity121 .

title: Long-term effects after conversion of biarticular to monoarticular muscles compared with musculotendinous lengthening in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MTL', 'conversion of biarticular muscles', 'muscle-tendon lengthening', 'CBM']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['diplegic', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['spastic diplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of a bedside swallowing assessment to reliably exclude @entity1173 following @entity64 . SUBJECTS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted within 24 h of @entity64 onset to two hospitals. METHODS: A prospective study. Where possible, all @entity1 had their ability to swallow assessed on the day of admission by both a doctor and a speech and language therapist using a standardized proforma. A videofluoroscopy examination was conducted within 3 days of admission. RESULTS: 94 @entity1 underwent videofluoroscopy; 20 (21%) were seen to be aspirating, although this was not detected at the bedside in 10. In 18 (22%) of the @entity1 the speech and language therapist considered the swallow to be unsafe. In the medical assessment, 39 @entity1 (41%) had an unsafe swallow. Bedside assessment by a speech and language therapist gave a sensitivity of 47%, a specificity of 86%, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 50% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 85% for the presence of @entity1173 . Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the optimum elements of the bedside assessments for predicting the presence of @entity1173 . @entity425 and any alteration in conscious level gave a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 72%, @entity2286 of 41% and NPV of 91% for @entity1173 . CONCLUSION: Bedside assessment of swallowing lacks the necessary sensitivity to be used as a screening instrument in @entity64 , but there are concerns about the use of videofluoroscopy as a gold standard. The relative importance of @entity1173 and bedside assessment in predicting complications and outcome needs to be studied.

title: Can bedside assessment reliably exclude @entity1173 following XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['A weak voluntary cough']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: @entity3446 , a specific inhibitor of the @entity563 / @entity1889 @entity3470 kinase, markedly inhibited both cell growth and apoptosis in @entity1 B-cell lines. Besides arresting cells in G(1) by increasing @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), @entity3446 tripled the cellular level of the @entity588 protein. The activity was dose-dependent and specific for the @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity588 proteins. @entity3446 did not affect @entity588 mRNA although it increased cellular @entity588 concentration by inhibiting phosphorylation, a mechanism initiating the decay process. To add new insight, we combined @entity3446 treatment with treatment by @entity1311 , which, by damaging microtubules, can phosphorylate @entity588 and activate apoptosis. It was found that the @entity3470 kinase was activated in cells treated with @entity1311 or with @entity10612 although it was inhibited in cells pre-treated with @entity3446 . @entity588 phosphorylation, apoptosis and hyperdiploidy were also inhibited by @entity3446 . In contrast, @entity1311 -induced microtubule stabilization or metaphase synchronization were not inhibited by @entity3446 . Taken together, these findings indicate that @entity3470 belongs to the enzymatic cascade that, starting from damaged microtubules, phosphorylates @entity588 . By regulating apoptosis, in addition to the control of a multitude of growth-related pathways, @entity3470 plays a nodal role in signaling G(1) and G(2)-M events.

title: Damaged microtubules can inactivate XXXX by means of the @entity3470 kinase.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL-2']


abstract: @entity2235 small t antigen (st) is required for optimal transformation and replication properties of the virus. We find that in certain cell types, such as the @entity1 @entity421 cell line U2OS, st is capable of inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by a fragmented nuclear morphology and positive @entity10730 -mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling staining of transfected cells. The cell death can be @entity876 independent, since it also occurs in @entity876 -deficient H1299 cells. Genetic analysis indicates that two specific mutants affect apoptosis induction. One of these ( @entity53016 ) has been frequently used as a @entity4333 binding mutant. The second mutant ( @entity30485 ) lacks the final four @entity1522 of st, which have been reported to be unimportant for @entity4333 binding in vitro. However, @entity30485 unexpectedly fails to bind @entity4333 in vivo. Furthermore, a long-term colony assay reveals a potent colony inhibition upon st expression, and the behavior of st mutants in this assay reflects the relative frequency of nuclear fragmentation observed in transfections using the same mutants. Notably, either @entity588 coexpression or broad caspase inhibitor treatment could restore normal nuclear morphology. Finally, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis suggests a correlation between the ability of st to modulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Taken together, these observations underscore that st does not always promote proliferation but may, depending on conditions and cell type, effect a cell death response.

title: Induction of XXXX -independent apoptosis by @entity2235 small t antigen.

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Our genome consists to about 8% of @entity1 endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequences. These HERVs have been discussed to be linked to @entity1 diseases for decades. Recently, a detailed analysis of a HERV-H sequence located on chromosome Xp22.3 revealed a strong expression in a subset of @entity1820 whereas expression in normal tissues and in other @entity5 entities was low. In the present study, we used the reverse immunology approach to test the immunological potential of this HERV-H ORF on Xp22.3. A total of ten peptides displaying HLA-A2.1-binding motifs were selected from the predicted @entity18341 protein sequence. Stimulation of peripheral T cells with retroviral peptides (RVPs) presented by autologous antigen-presenting cells clearly resulted in sustained proliferation of predominantly CD8(+) T cells. High numbers of IFN-y-secreting T cells were detectable after several weekly stimulations with RVP mixes. Reactivity observed in RVP-Mix-stimulated cultures was attributable to RVP03, RVP09 and to a lower extend to RVP08, suggesting those to be highly immunogenic epitopes. Besides killing of RVP-loaded target cells, up to 40% specific lysis of @entity14 cell lines endogenously expressing this HERV-H Xp22.3 ORF was achieved. These data demonstrate that @entity1 T cells can be sensitized toward HERV peptides and moreover posses a high lytic potential toward HERV-H expressing CRC cells. Additionally, these data hint toward endogenous @entity18341 protein expression followed by proteasomal degradation and presentation in the context of HLA molecules. Finally, our data strengthen the view that HERV-encoded sequences should be considered as a new class of @entity5 -specific antigens.

title: Endogenous retrovirus sequences as a novel class of XXXX -specific antigens: an example of HERV-H @entity18341 encoding strong CTL epitopes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In vitro studies have demonstrated that @entity23375 has free radical scavenging and antiplatelet activities. To assess this clinically, we studied @entity23375 in a blinded, randomized, @entity5217 -controlled trial in 30 type II @entity6 @entity1 with @entity989 . All @entity1 had been taking @entity5217 for more than 12 months before being randomized to receive either an equipotent dose of @entity23375 or to continue on @entity5217 . @entity6 control was not modified. The @entity1 were well matched at randomization (mean age, 58 years; duration of @entity6 , 8 years; 20 males; mean hemoglobin A1 [HbA1], 8.6%) and their degree of @entity6 control was not altered during the trial. Free radical activity was assessed as oxidative status by plasma @entity1433 ( @entity26782 ), lipid @entity2627 ( @entity1865 -LM), and red blood cell @entity224 dismutase activity (SOD). Platelet aggregation in whole blood to collagen (Plt-ag) was used as the measure of platelet reactivity. There were no differences between these measurements at baseline. At 3 months, the oxidative status and @entity1423 in the @entity23375 group had improved significantly compared with baseline and had also showed significant differences in all parameters when compared with the @entity5217 group. Therefore, comparing @entity23375 with @entity5217 -treated @entity1 at 3 months, we found: PSH, 458 +/- 38 versus 414 +/- 34 mumol/L, P less than .004; @entity1865 -LM, 7.0 +/- 0.6 versus 8.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/L, P less than .0002; SOD, 152 +/- 36 versus 123 +/- 15 micrograms/mL, P less than .016; Plt-ag, 50.8 +/- 24 versus 72.3% +/- 15%, P less than .006. These changes were maintained at 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on platelet reactivity and free radicals in type II @entity6 @entity1 : clinical assessment.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity23375 :: ('MESH:D005907', 'Chemical') :: ['gliclazide']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity23375 :: (MESH:D005907,Chemical) :: ['gliclazide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess long-term @entity2133 in @entity1 receiving parotid-sparing @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity135 , and to find the @entity1 and therapy-related factors that affect its severity. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 1994 through January 2000, 84 @entity1 received comprehensive bilateral neck @entity1161 using conformal and multisegmental intensity-modulated @entity1161 (IMRT) aiming to spare the major salivary glands. Before @entity1161 and periodically through 2 years after the completion of @entity1161 , salivary flow rates from each of the major salivary glands were selectively measured. At the same time intervals, each @entity1 completed an 8-item self-reported @entity2133 -specific questionnaire (XQ). To gain a relative measure of the effect of @entity1161 on the minor salivary glands, whose output could not be measured, the surfaces of the oral cavity (extending to include the surface of the base of tongue) were outlined in the planning CT scans. The mean doses to the new organ ("oral cavity") were recorded. Forty-eight @entity1 receiving unilateral neck @entity1161 were similarly studied and served as a benchmark for comparison. Factors predicting the XQ scores were analyzed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The XQ was found to be reliable and valid in measuring @entity1 -reported @entity2133 . The spared salivary glands which had received moderate doses in the bilateral @entity1161 group recovered to their baseline salivary flow rates during the second year after @entity1161 , and the spared glands in the unilateral @entity1161 group, which had received very low doses, demonstrated increased salivary production beyond their pre- @entity1161 levels. The increase in the salivary flow rates during the second year after @entity1161 paralleled an improvement in @entity2133 in both @entity1 groups. The improvement in @entity2133 was faster in the unilateral compared with the bilateral @entity1161 group, but the difference narrowed at 2 years. The major salivary gland flow rates had only a weak correlation with the @entity2133 scores. Factors found to be independently associated with the @entity2133 scores were the pre- @entity1161 baseline scores, the time since @entity1161 , and the mean doses to the major salivary glands (notably to the submandibular glands) and to the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: An improvement over time in @entity2133 , occurring in tandem with rising salivary production from the spared major salivary glands, suggests a long-term clinical benefit from their sparing. The oral cavity mean dose, representing @entity1161 effect on the minor salivary glands, was found to be a significant, independent predictor of @entity2133 . Thus, in addition to the major salivary glands, sparing the uninvolved oral cavity should be considered as a planning objective to further reduce @entity2133 .

title: XXXX and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['Xerostomia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The present study tries to evaluate the success rate of MRCP when two attempts by experts to perform @entity10747 in a center failed. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 1996 to December 1996 thirteen @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The MR cholangiopancreatograms were acquired using commercially available software in a clinical MR scanner (Magnetom Expert 1 T-Scanner, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). MRCP utilized heavily T2-weighted turbo-spin echo sequences with fat supression (HASTE). Maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the pancreatic duct and biliary tree was then carried out. Additionally, T1-weighted sequences were obtained using the breath-hold technique. RESULTS: The MRCP images were of diagnostic quality in all 13 @entity1 . In five cases the diagnoses detected by MRCP were followed by an interventional procedure. One @entity1 showed a @entity9007 , that was percutaneously drained using ultrasound guidance. In three cases we found benign bile duct obstruction, all of which were successfully treated by percutaneous transhepatic drainage. In one @entity1 @entity2877 was diagnosed, the stone was successfully managed by percutaneous transhepatic extraction. CONCLUSION: MRCP is the method of choice in cases where @entity10747 is incomplete or where duct cannulation is not possible. A further advantage of MR imaging is the fact that it may provide complementary information about the whole region of interest, thus detecting the cause of duct pathology in many cases.

title: Value of magnetic-resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) after unsuccessful XXXX ( @entity10747 ).

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

answer: @entity10747 :: (MESH:D012183,Disease) :: ['endoscopic-retrograde cholangio-pancreatography']


abstract: Affinity purified anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) raised in @entity95 showed cross-reactivities with various negatively charged phospholipids as shown by both the solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition studies. In ELISA, ACLA showed strong cross-reactivity to both @entity4291 (SM) and @entity3633 (PE), but the inhibition studies showed that ACLA failed to bind the aqueous suspensions of SM, PE, and PE/PC (1:1). ACLA bound to resting gel-filtered @entity1 platelets (GFP) as shown by both inhibition study and flow cytofluorometric analysis. Western blotting procedure showed that ACLA strongly cross-reacted to an 80-Kd plasma membrane protein. ACLA activated platelet response in a concentration-dependent manner. At less than 10 micrograms/mL, ACLA induced both platelet shape change to spiculate irregular forms as shown by scanning electron microscopy and the phosphorylation of 20-Kd protein. ACLA at more than 10 micrograms/mL caused @entity1423 and secretion. The aggregation was inhibited by @entity1098 ; @entity117 ; @entity8581 plus @entity897 ; @entity5015 ; and the F(ab')2 fragment of ACLA. It was not inhibited by monoclonal antibody to Fc receptor (MoAb FcR2). The biochemical events of ACLA-induced platelet response involved the elevation of (1) @entity2404 formation, (2) cytosolic free @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ]i), and (3) 47-Kd protein phosphorylation. In addition, the subaggregatory concentration of ACLA showed synergistic platelet activation with that concentration of thrombin, collagen, and @entity1425 . The study showed the mechanism involved in ACLA-induced platelet responses.

title: Activation of XXXX platelets by the rabbit anticardiolipin antibodies.

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We describe the clinical and neurophysiologic findings in a group of @entity6 @entity1 with a severe @entity16 . All @entity1 attending a large inner-city @entity6 center were prospectively screening for hand @entity5653 and @entity425 due to @entity3165 . Twenty @entity6 @entity1 fulfilling the clinical criteria underwent nerve conduction studies and electromyography. All but one @entity1 with a motor @entity16 had @entity262 complications, mostly severe: ten were amputees, four had had a renal transplant, and two were blind. The onset of hand @entity425 was sudden in five. All @entity1 had a classical "ulnar hand" (bilateral in five) but forearm muscles were little affected. Sensory loss was prominent in only one-half. Nerve conduction studies showed markedly reduced ulnar motor responses (mean, 1.2 mV versus 7.4 mV in controls) and ulnar/median motor ratios. Motor conduction was disproportionately slowed across the elbows, with or without conduction block, in only eight of 34 affected ulnar nerves. Five of these @entity1 had a habit of leaning on their elbows and/or a Tinel's sign. Median sensory action potentials (SAPs) were recordable in 12 @entity1 but ulnar SAPs were absent in 30 of 34 affected nerves. Electromyography revealed advanced denervation of ulnar supplied hand muscles. We conclude that motor @entity16 is not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity6 of long standing, especially in those with severe @entity262 complications. Nerve entrapment at the elbows occurs in some, but in many the lesion is axonal, and damage may occur through @entity63 .

title: Observations on severe XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Median survival of @entity1 with @entity356 is 10 months. Resection of the @entity5 and regional lymph nodes, with @entity5 -free margins (curative resection), has been the most effective treatment for @entity356 . However, median survival of @entity1 with curative resection of @entity356 is 24 months, and the 5-year survival rate is about 20%. A single institution pilot study has established the feasibility of administering two courses of chemotherapy preoperatively and three courses postoperatively. In another study, a 15% pathologically documented complete response (pathologic complete response) has been reported in unresectable @entity356 treated with @entity2879 , @entity632 , and @entity900 . PURPOSE: Our purpose was to increase the curative resection rate in potentially resectable @entity356 and to delay or eliminate micrometastases and thus improve survival. We also evaluated clinical and pathologic response to chemotherapy. METHODS: Forty-eight previously untreated @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity356 received a chemotherapy regimen (EAP) consisting of @entity2879 (120 mg/m2 intravenously over a 2-hour period on days 4, 5, and 6), @entity632 (20 mg/m2 as a 10-minute intravenous infusion on days 1 and 7), and @entity900 (40 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2 and 8). @entity1 received three courses of chemotherapy before resection, and responding @entity1 received two courses postoperatively. Clinical and pathologic response rates, @entity137 , patterns of treatment failure, and survival times were assessed. RESULTS: A median of three courses (range, 1-5) of preoperative therapy was administered; six (12%) of the 48 @entity1 had clinical complete response, and nine (19%) had partial response. Forty-one (85%) underwent surgery; 37 (90%) of these 41 (77% of the 48 @entity1 ) had a curative resection. There were no pathologic complete responses. Median survival for all @entity1 is 15.5 months (range, 2-29+ months). Therapy was discontinued because of the toxic effects in one @entity1 before surgery and in six @entity1 after surgery. Doses were reduced in 37 @entity1 (77%), mainly because of @entity1503 . Nineteen (40%) were hospitalized because of toxic effects, including 15 @entity1 who developed @entity221 with @entity1398 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity390 and @entity391 occurred in 15 @entity1 and grade 3 or 4 @entity294 in seven @entity1 . One @entity204 was directly related to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These data support that administration of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for @entity356 is feasible in a multi-institutional setting. Our findings demonstrate that this EAP regimen is modestly active but is associated with substantial @entity137 . IMPLICATIONS: Use of preoperative chemotherapy in resectable @entity356 merits further evaluation, but more effective drug regimens will be required before a controlled trial is initiated.

title: Preoperative and postoperative combination chemotherapy for potentially resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'local-regional gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 is a @entity1 uterine epithelial cell line that exhibits adhesion competence on its apical surface for trophoblast-like JAR cells. Using confocal microscopy and an adhesion assay we have found that changes in intracellular free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ](i)) in @entity1 cells are involved in binding of JAR spheroids. Impact of spheroids upon, and movement of spheroids across, monolayers of @entity1 cells produced a transient increase in [ @entity141 ](i). Pretreatment of @entity1 cells with the @entity141 channel inhibitor, @entity3988 , reduced the [ @entity141 ](i) increase. Interestingly, resting of JAR spheroids on @entity1 cells caused no detectable alterations in [ @entity141 ](i) although cell-cell bonds were formed during prolonged contact. However, separation of established bonds did produce an increase in [ @entity141 ](i) which could be reduced by the @entity141 channel blocker, @entity21808 , but not by @entity3988 . @entity21808 also reduced adhesion of JAR spheroids to @entity1 cells. In all experiments, the increase in [ @entity141 ](i) was due to influx from the external medium, as it could be blocked both by removing extracellular @entity141 and by @entity3406 . These results suggest that the plasma membrane of uterine @entity1 cells contains two types of @entity141 channels that are involved in trophoblast adhesion, i.e. @entity3988 -sensitive channels contributing to initiation of JAR cell binding and @entity21808 -sensitive channels participating in a feedback loop that controls the balance of bonds.

title: XXXX influx in @entity1 uterine epithelial @entity1 cells triggers adhesiveness for trophoblast-like cells. Model studies on signalling events during embryo implantation.

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: @entity320 thickness is a major prognostic factor. Thin lesions, however, may metastasize, and sometimes thick @entity5 may not. To investigate the role of HLA class I-mediated antigen presentation, we correlated the expression of components of the antigen-processing machinery in primary @entity320 with their thickness and with the development of @entity3 . Seventeen @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded primary @entity320 thinner than 0.76 mm and 21 thicker than 1.50 mm were stained with anti- @entity10553 , - @entity10554 , - @entity16595 , - @entity22944 monoclonal antibodies. Twenty @entity1 remained @entity5 -free in the follow-up period (10.5 +/- 1.8 years). Eighteen @entity1 relapsed within a median period of 15.0 months following @entity5 excision. Expression of all markers in the tested lesions was down-regulated, the frequency ranging from about 40% for LMP and TAP subunits to about 70% for HLA class I antigens. Expression of all markers was not correlated with @entity5 thickness. Only @entity16595 and @entity22944 down-regulation was significantly (p = 0.026 and 0.042, respectively) correlated with the development of @entity3 . This correlation was independent of @entity5 thickness for @entity16595 . We suggest that @entity16595 and probably @entity22944 expression in primary lesions represents an independent prognostic marker in @entity320 . Abnormalities in antigen presentation may account for the lack of absolute correlation between @entity5 thickness and prognosis.

title: XXXX down-regulation in primary @entity320 : an independent marker of poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity22944 :: ('6891', 'Gene') :: ['TAP2, -HLA class I and -beta2-microglobulin', 'TAP2']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma tumor', 'melanomas', 'melanoma lesions']

answer: @entity16595 :: (6890,Gene) :: ['TAP1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The non- @entity378 (NTM) have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in the recent years. The NTM are rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM), which include Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonae and are grouped as M. fortuitum-chelonae complex. @entity6081 that do not respond to antibiotics used for @entity281 and having sterile routine aerobic cultures should raise a suspicion of NTM. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity2737 over a five year period were included in the study. All wound @entity281 were evaluated with wound culture and sensitivity and treated with appropriate antibiotics. All @entity281 with underlying mesh were initially managed with dressings/debridement, long term antibiotics. Explantation of the mesh was to be used as a last resort. RESULTS: We analyzed the records of @entity1 with post @entity2737 who had wound cultures taken and found that 16 of our @entity1 had initial sterile cultures. In all these cases, wound @entity281 manifested itself as discharging sinuses between 2-3 weeks after surgery. Of these seven @entity1 grew NTM on their repeat cultures. The commonest organism isolated was M. fortuitum (57%). The commonest antibiotic used for treatment was Tab Clarithromycin and the mean duration of treatment was 6 to 9 months. No @entity1 required debridement or removal of mesh. DISCUSSION: NTM @entity281 in post operative wound though rare should be suspected in all post @entity2737 which occurs late, lack local and systemic signs of @entity281 and have sterile cultures. High index of suspicion for NTM @entity281 will allow identification and treatment of these @entity1 with long-term antimicrobial therapy alone without the need for surgical explantation of the mesh.

title: Non XXXX in surgical wounds- a rising cause of concern?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Non-healing postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['post operative wound infection', 'operative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous mycobacteria']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous mycobacteria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that @entity4854 lowers the @entity528 threshold, potentiates @entity64 volume in focal @entity63 , and is associated with morbidity and mortality in the surgical critical care setting. It remains unknown whether @entity4854 during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) predisposes @entity1 to perioperative @entity64 and operative related morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The clinical and radiological records of all @entity1 undergoing CEA and operative day @entity413 measurement from 1994 to 2004 at an academic institution were reviewed and 30-day outcomes were assessed. The independent association of operative day @entity413 before CEA and perioperative morbidity and mortality were assessed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and one @entity1 with a mean age of 72 +/- 10 years (748 @entity1 , 453 @entity1 ) underwent CEA (676 asymptomatic, 525 symptomatic). Overall, @entity64 occurred in 46 (3.8%) @entity1 , transient @entity63 attack occurred in 19 (1.6%), @entity583 occurred in 19 (1.6%), and @entity204 occurred in 17 (1.4%). Increasing operative day @entity413 was independently associated with perioperative @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack (Odds ratio [OR], 1.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.01; P = 0.03), @entity583 (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.004-1.016; P = 0.017), and @entity204 (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.00-1.015; P = 0.04). @entity1 with operative day @entity413 greater than 200 mg/dl were 2.8-fold, 4.3-fold, and 3.3-fold more likely to experience perioperative @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.37-5.67; P = 0.005), @entity583 (OR, 4.29; 95% CI, 1.28-14.4; P = 0.018), or @entity204 (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.07-10.1; P = 0.037), respectively. Median and interquartile range length of hospitalization was greater for @entity1 with operative day @entity413 greater than 200 mg/dl (4 d [interquartile range, 2-15 d] versus 3 d [interquartile range, 2-7 d]; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Independent of previous @entity299 , @entity6 , or other comorbidities, @entity4854 at the time of CEA was associated with an increased risk of perioperative @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, @entity583 , and @entity204 . Strict @entity413 control should be attempted before surgery to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality after CEA.

title: @entity4854 independently increases the risk of perioperative @entity64 , @entity583 , and XXXX after carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ischemic']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding @entity1164 in the young may inform prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope and nature of @entity944 in a geographically defined population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, of all @entity1164 cases involving @entity1 aged 2-40 years identified from the 2008 comprehensive Coroner database. Of 1741 Coroner's cases, 376 were considered potential @entity1164 cases and underwent review. RESULTS: There were 174 cases of adjudicated @entity1164 from a population of 6,602,680 @entity1 aged 2-40 years. @entity299 was present in 126 cases (72%), 78% of which was unrecognized. There was no identifiable cause of @entity204 in 48 cases (28%), representing primary @entity943 syndromes. The majority of decedents were @entity1 (76%) over the age of 18 (90%). The overall incidence of @entity1164 increased with age from 0.7/100,000 (2-18 years) to 2.4/100,000 (19-29 years) to 5.3/100,000 (30-40 years) @entity1 -years. @entity1 experiencing @entity1164 before age 30 were more likely to have a primary @entity943 (odds ratio 2.97; P<.001). The majority of events occurred in the home (72%); 33% of the events in @entity1 /adolescents and 9% of the events in adults occurred during reported moderate or vigorous exercise (P = .002). There were no pediatric deaths during organized competitive sports. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1164 increases with age, typically occurring in a @entity1 at rest in the home with unrecognized underlying @entity299 or a primary @entity943 . Prevention strategies should consider targeting identification of unrecognized structural @entity299 and primary @entity943 syndromes.

title: Scope and nature of @entity1164 before age 40 in Ontario: a report from the XXXX advisory committee of the office of the chief coroner.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'children', 'man', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Structural heart disease', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECT: This retrospective review was conducted to determine the efficacy of transarticular screw fixation in a group of @entity1 who were treated for @entity309 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 (mean age 63 years) with @entity309 were treated with posterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation supplemented with an interspinous C1-2 strut graft-cable construct to provide immediate three-point fixation to facilitate bone fusion. Previous attempts at fusions by using bone grafting with wire fixation at other institutions had failed in six of these @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent transoral odontoid resections for removal of large irreducible @entity2070 as a first-stage procedure, which was followed within 2 to 3 days by the posterior procedure. Postoperatively, 33 @entity1 were placed in hard cervical collars and three required halo vests because of severe @entity170 . Of eight @entity1 categorized as Ranawat Class II preoperatively, all eight returned to normal after surgery; of eight @entity1 in Ranawat Class III-A preoperatively, four improved to Class II and four remained unchanged. All 20 @entity1 classified as Ranawat Class I preoperatively recovered completely. @entity158 decreased or resolved in all @entity1 , and there were no complications related to instrumentation. At follow-up review (mean 2 years), 33 @entity1 (92%) had solid bone fusions, and three (8%) had stable fibrous unions. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation provides a good surgical alternative for the management of @entity1 with @entity309 . This technique provides immediate three-point rigid fixation of the C1-2 region, thus obviating the need for halo vest immobilization in most cases.

title: Posterior atlantoaxial facet screw fixation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity3645 are synthesized from @entity165 in the liver and are excreted into bile via the hepatocyte canalicular @entity6741 export pump. After their passage into the intestine, @entity3645 are reabsorbed in the ileum by @entity1372 -dependent uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes. At the basolateral domain of ileal enterocytes, @entity3645 are extruded into portal blood by the heterodimeric organic solute transporter @entity33996 / @entity56736 . Although the transport function of @entity33996 / @entity56736 has been characterized, little is known about the regulation of its expression. We show here that @entity1 @entity33996 / @entity56736 expression is induced by @entity3645 through ligand-dependent transactivation of both @entity20182 genes by the nuclear @entity6741 @entity4961 ( @entity4961 ). @entity4961 agonists induced endogenous mRNA levels of @entity33996 and @entity56736 in cultured cells, an effect that was not discernible upon inhibition of @entity4961 expression by small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, @entity20182 mRNAs were induced in @entity1 ileal biopsies exposed to the @entity6741 @entity10140 . Reporter constructs containing @entity33996 or @entity56736 promoters were transactivated by @entity4961 in the presence of its ligand. Two functional @entity4961 binding motifs were identified in the @entity33996 gene and one in the @entity56736 gene. Targeted mutation of these elements led to reduced inducibility of both @entity20182 promoters by @entity4961 . In conclusion, the genes encoding the @entity1 @entity33996 / @entity56736 complex are induced by @entity3645 and @entity4961 . By coordinated control of @entity33996 / @entity56736 expression, @entity3645 may adjust the rate of their own efflux from enterocytes in response to changes in intracellular @entity6741 levels.

title: The nuclear receptor for @entity3645 , @entity4961 , transactivates @entity1 XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity4961 :: ('9971', 'Gene') :: ['receptor/farnesoid X receptor', 'FXR']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity33996 :: (200931,Gene) :: ['organic solute transporter-alpha and -beta']


abstract: In recent immunological studies, it has been suggested that @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) participates in the onset of @entity14515 ( @entity14515 ) through a certain mechanism; however, the mechanism by which it develops remains unknown. Based on findings that secondary @entity14515 is often linked with @entity792 , the possibility that some genetic or immunological mechanisms are involved in the development of @entity14515 has been proposed. Pneumatosis @entity14515 is not a type of disease where a dose-response relationship with @entity4966 exposure can be recognized and it is difficult to reproduce its physiopathology through @entity4966 exposure in ordinary experimental animals. In the present study, immunological changes caused by @entity4966 exposure were investigated by employing MRL-lpr/lpr @entity19 that are genetically labile to @entity792 . To observe changes in B cell functions, serum antibody titres were measured; and for the T cell function, T cell subsets were examined. The animals were exposed to @entity4966 at dosages of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm through inhalation 4 h a day, 6 days a week, for 8 weeks. It was found that only IgG production capacity was suppressed and there were no changes in T cell subsets with @entity4966 concentrations up to 1000 ppm. At a concentration of 2000 ppm, changes were noted in both T and B cell functions. Typical organs that are responsible for immunological functions were examined for their morphological changes under a light microscope: the spleen and liver exhibited dose-response changes at a concentration of 500 ppm or greater. The development of immunoblastoid cells at a concentration of 1000 ppm indicated a possibility that a change has occurred in the immunological system. These findings show that exposure to @entity4966 at high concentrations affects the immune system, but the study failed to induce @entity14515 in the experimental animals. Further studies on @entity4966 exposure at lower concentrations for longer periods are needed.

title: Immunotoxicity of @entity4965 : a study with MRL-lpr/lpr XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['PCI', 'pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis', 'cystoides intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7174 is found with relative frequency. It is observed as as tan to brown macule serving as base to a speckle of smaller and darker maculo-papular elements. On rare occasions it turns into a @entity320 . PURPOSES: To describe one case with some characteristics different from routine observations and to revise the cases published reporting @entity7174 that turned into @entity320 , in order to point out the most frequent aspects. RESULTS: The 17 @entity1 with @entity7174 and @entity320 , including ours, were white, with ages between 35 and 56 years. Most of the cases were localized in the dorsal region. Five @entity1 were @entity1 . Almost all @entity7174 were congenital and their size ranged between 2 and 10 cm in diameter. Histologically, the speckled spots were junctional @entity7174 , and few of them had @entity6349 characteristics. @entity320 corresponded to the extensive superficial type MES; one of them was nodular. Some had systemic ganglial metastases and three of the @entity1 are known to have died. Our @entity1 had an intradermal cellular @entity7174 on the @entity1 spot, and terminal hairs could be observed on it. The speckled elements were junctional @entity7174 with @entity6349 cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7174 must be closely monitored, because it may turn into a @entity320 .

title: XXXX on @entity6349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'Melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['Nevus spilus', 'nevus', 'nevus spilus']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: The commercial production of microbiologically safe and stable sauces containing @entity1543 is guided by the Comit   des Industries des Mayonnaises et Sauces Condimentaires de la Communaut   Economique Europ  enne's (CIMSCEE) code. The CIMSCEE safety value is calculated using a linear regression equation combining weighted contributions of pH and aqueous-phase concentrations of undissociated @entity1543 , @entity1219 , and @entity3363 . By implication, the CIMSCEE safety equation predicts that increasing concentrations of hurdles will always increase inactivation of the target pathogen. In this study, the time to achieve a 3-log10 reduction of an acid-resistant, acid-adapted, Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157 isolate was determined experimentally for 81 formulations at various pHs and @entity1543 , @entity1219 , and @entity969 concentrations in a broth model. The combinations were intended to simulate the aqueous phase of acidic sauces and dressings. Experimental data were fitted to the log logistic model to estimate the time to 3-log10 reduction (t3D). Comparison of fitted t3D estimates with CIMSCEE values showed agreement in predicting safety (as defined by CIMSCEE) for the majority of formulations. However, CIMSCEE safety predictions were "fail dangerous" for 13 of 81 formulations. Among these formulations and others, the observed @entity526 t3D initially increased and then decreased with increasing osmolalities ( @entity1219 and @entity969 ). Relative protection increased with exposure time where the protective effect of @entity1219 predominated. While commercial acidic sauces are not considered high-risk vehicles for STEC, interactions among hurdles that decrease their combined effectiveness are deserving of further investigation because they may reveal mechanisms of broader relevance in the inactivation of pathogens in foods.

title: Salt, alone or in combination with XXXX , can improve the survival of @entity526 O157 (SERL 2) in model acidic sauces.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 have similar characteristics but different staging criteria are being used. In the present study the question is addressed whether these @entity5 should be regarded and staged as one clinical entity. METHODS: From January 1987 to January 1997, 252 @entity1 with an @entity420 of the oesophagus (n = 111) or @entity356 (n = 141) underwent transhiatal resection. Pathology, pathological @entity5 node @entity3 (pTNM) stage and survival were analysed retrospectively, and a comparison was made between @entity5 of the oesophagus and @entity356 . RESULTS: Barrett's epithelium was diagnosed in 54 per cent of oesophageal @entity420 compared with 13 per cent of @entity418 (P < 0. 001). @entity189 had a more favourable pT stage, fewer positive locoregional lymph nodes ( @entity3121 -2 56 versus 62 per cent; P = 0.3), but more distant metastases accounted for by positive lymph nodes around the coeliac axis (pM1 19 versus 4 per cent; P < 0.001). Five-year overall survival (26 versus 27 per cent; P = 0.9) and survival according to @entity5 stage were no different between the groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the location of the primary @entity5 was not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: @entity418 should be regarded as one clinical entity. Uniform staging criteria for both @entity5 are recommended.

title: XXXX are one clinical entity. Rotterdam Oesophageal Tumour Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Oesophageal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia', 'Adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus and gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas of the distal third of the oesophagus and the gastric cardia', 'gastric cardia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus and gastric cardia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of computed-navigated total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of @entity571 associated with @entity85 . Between January 2008 and June 2010, twelve @entity1 (12 knees) with @entity571 combing @entity85 underwent total knee arthroplasty using the Stryker Navigation System 3.1 (Kalamazoo, Michigan), a wireless and imageless system. Average follow-up was 12.3    8.2 months (range, 3-24 months). Full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs, knee range of motion, and Knee Society Score were obtained for all @entity1 pre- and postoperatively. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 12.0 statistical software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Average preoperative overall mechanical axis of the 12 knees was -10.0      4.4   of varus (range, -5   to -18.5  ) and average postoperative mechanical axis was -0.9      0.8   (range -2   to 0  ). Average Knee Society Score increased from 40.8    7.7 preoperatively to 94.9    2.4 postoperatively, and average function score increased from 39.6    12.3 preoperatively to 95.4    4.0 postoperatively. Average knee range of motion improved from 83.7      18.7   preoperatively to 115.0      8.2   postoperatively. The results of the study showed that computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty may be a valuable option for @entity1 with deformed femurs in which conventional instruments are difficult to use. Follow-up observation of the long-term therapeutic effect of computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty is still needed.

title: Computer-navigated TKA for the treatment of @entity571 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extra-articular femoral deformity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['extra-articular femoral deformity']


abstract: Earlier studies have revealed undernotification of @entity1583 in Swedish and other @entity5 Registries. We present epidemiological data on @entity3052 , @entity981 and unspecified @entity1582 in adults diagnosed 1987-1992 in a well-defined population. Blast crises of @entity1860 were excluded. The Swedish @entity5 Registry and Cause of Death Registry were compared and @entity1 records reviewed for validation. When available, listings of pathology bone marrow reports and inpatient discharge diagnoses were utilized for casefinding. 260 cases of @entity3052 could be verified in a population of 663,135 adults, corresponding to a yearly incidence of 6.5/100,000. The median age of the @entity1 was 69.2 years. 214 cases were @entity3052 , 38 @entity981 and eight unspecified @entity1582 . Undernotification in the @entity5 Registry was found to be 15.4%, greater for @entity3052 and unspecified @entity1582 than for @entity981 . In addition the coding was not uniform, resulting in an incidence rate in adults of 5.3/100,000 for the @entity5 Registry which is 18.5% lower than that of our study. A significant survival advantage was seen for notified @entity1 . Combination of the @entity5 Registry and Cause of Death Registry gave acceptable coverage, omitting only four @entity1 . As the incidence of @entity3052 in our study is comparatively high, we hypothesize that underestimation of incidence and overestimation of survival are general problems for @entity5 registries.

title: Adjustment of incidence rates after an estimate of completeness and accuracy in registration of XXXX in a Swedish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemias']


abstract: Defects in the repair and maintenance of DNA increase risk for @entity5 . X-ray cross-complementing group 1 protein ( @entity20319 ) is involved with the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. A @entity377 substitution of @entity2774 to @entity5536 leading to a non-conservative @entity535 change was identified in the @entity20319 gene at codon 399 ( @entity534 / @entity7647 ). This change is associated with higher levels of @entity4078 -adducts and glycophorin A somatic mutations. A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the 399Gln allele is positively associated with risk for @entity2220 . @entity20319 genotypes were assessed at codon 399 in 172 cases of @entity2220 and 143 @entity5 -free controls. Two ethnic populations were represented, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic. The distribution of @entity20319 genotypes differed between cases and controls. Among cases, 47.7% were @entity534 / @entity534 , 35.5% were @entity534 / @entity7647 , and 16.9% were @entity7647 / @entity7647 . Among controls, @entity20319 allele frequencies were 45.5% for @entity534 / @entity534 , 44.8% for @entity534 / @entity7647 , and 9.8% for @entity7647 / @entity7647 . Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between @entity2220 and the G/G genotype relative to the A/A or A/G genotypes. In non-Hispanic White @entity1 , the @entity2 risk associated with the G/G genotype increased significantly after adjustment for age (OR=2.81; 95% CI, 1.2-7.9; P=0.03) and increased further after adjustment for smoking (OR=3.25; 95% CI, 1.2-10.7; P=0.03). Among all groups, a significant association was found between the G/G homozygote and @entity2 (OR=2.45; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8; P=0.03) after adjustment for age, ethnicity, and smoking. This study links a functional polymorphism in the critical repair gene @entity20319 to risk for @entity2220 .

title: The XXXX 399 glutamine allele is a risk factor for @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity20319 :: (7515,Gene) :: ['XRCC1']


abstract: This paper reports the second part of an investigation of first-time @entity64 in @entity1 under 70 years of age. The clinical data of 344 @entity1 , together with the short-term outcome of the disease, are presented. The immediate (one month) overall mortality was 38%. The corresponding percentage for @entity1779 was 86, for @entity385 20 and for @entity999 28. Of the surviving @entity1 , 111 had to be transferred to some form of institution at discharge after the acute phase; 103 were able to return to their homes. The influence of various factors upon the immediate prognosis is discussed. Of the clinical findings, the level of consciousness and a calculated score based on the neurological symptoms on admission, proved to have the highest predictive value. Using this score it was possible to predict the outcome in about 85%. Single factors very highly associated with a poor prognosis were the co-existence of @entity299 and @entity177 . There was a notably high prevalence of hypercalcaemia.

title: Studies on @entity64 . II. Clinical findings and short-term prognosis in a XXXX material.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular strokes']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Constant infusion clearance techniques using exogenous renal markers are considered the gold standard for assessing the glomerular filtration rate. Here we describe a constant infusion clearance method in @entity35 allowing the real-time monitoring of steady-state conditions using an automated closed-loop approach based on the transcutaneous measurement of the renal marker @entity2823 -sinistrin. In order to optimize parameters to reach steady-state conditions as fast as possible, a Matlab-based simulation tool was established. Based on this, a real-time feedback-regulated approach for constant infusion clearance monitoring was developed. This was validated by determining hourly @entity2823 -sinistrin plasma concentrations and the glomerular filtration rate in healthy and unilaterally nephrectomized @entity35 . The transcutaneously assessed @entity2823 -sinistrin fluorescence signal was found to reflect the plasma concentration. Our method allows the precise determination of the onset of steady-state marker concentration. Moreover, the steady state can be monitored and controlled in real time for several hours. This procedure is simple to perform since no urine samples and only one blood sample are required. Thus, we developed a real-time feedback-based system for optimal regulation and monitoring of a constant infusion clearance technique.

title: Online feedback-controlled renal constant infusion clearances in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the clinical superiority of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) depends on a more stable antithrombotic effect or the proportion of @entity1 not reaching the therapeutic level with UFH has not been addressed. METHODS: All @entity1 participating in the Thrombolysis In @entity583 11B trial who received UFH and had sufficient activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) data (n = 1893) were compared with @entity1 who received enoxaparin (n = 1938). @entity1 receiving UFH were divided into 3 categories depending on mean aPTT values throughout 48 hours: subtherapeutic, for those in whom the average aPTT fell below 55 seconds; therapeutic, between 55 and 85 seconds; and supratherapeutic, longer than 85 seconds. Events and @entity548 rates were determined at 48 hours. RESULTS: A small portion of @entity1 (6. 7%) had a subtherapeutic average aPTT value (n = 127). Forty-seven percent of @entity1 (n = 891) fell within the therapeutic range, and 46% were in the supratherapeutic level (n = 875). Event rates were 7. 0% in the UFH group versus 5.4% with enoxaparin (P =.039). Events rates were higher in every aPTT strata compared with enoxaparin and statistically significant in the supratherapeutic group (odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.89). Major @entity548 rates were 0%, 0.6%, and 0.9% for the subtherapeutic, target, and supratherapeutic strata, respectively, and 0.8% with enoxaparin. @entity548 occurred in 5.1% of @entity1 receiving @entity2120 versus 3.9%, 2%, and 2.3%, respectively, for the UFH subgroups (P <. 001 for all UFH groups vs enoxaparin). CONCLUSIONS: Enoxaparin showed a better clinical profile compared with every level of anticoagulation with UFH. Potential mechanisms for enoxaparin superiority are stable antithrombotic activity, lack of rebound @entity715 , and intrinsic superiority.

title: Superiority of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for unstable angina/non-Q-wave XXXX regardless of activated partial thromboplastin time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Minor hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: 1. The novel @entity2871 (TX) antagonist, @entity18607 , has been evaluated against bronchoconstriction induced by the TXA2 mimetic @entity2872 , @entity1672 (PGD2), @entity750 ( @entity750 ), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and @entity112 in the @entity840 in vivo by use of a modification of the model described by Konzett _ R  ssler. 2. When given intravenously (i.v.) at 30 or 100 micrograms kg-1, @entity2872 caused 80% maximal bronchoconstriction in most animals. In contrast, @entity1672 caused a smaller 40%-50% maximal bronchoconstriction at the highest dose tested (300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). 3. @entity18607 , given intravenously, orally (p.o.) or by aerosol antagonized @entity2872 -induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-related manner. The approximate ID50 values were 600 micrograms kg-1, i.v., 1.7 mg kg-1 p.o. and 0.1% w/v 20 breaths by aerosol. 4. @entity18607 had similar inhibitory activities against @entity2872 -induced bronchoconstriction and @entity101 suggesting that it had no preferential activity on the airways. 5. When given intravenously @entity18607 antagonized the bronchoconstrictor effect of intravenous PGD2 with ID50 values between 30-100 micrograms kg-1. 6. The action of @entity18607 (10 mg kg-1, p.o.) was long lasting, causing significant inhibition of @entity2872 -induced bronchoconstriction 7 h after dosing. 7. At 1 mg kg-1, i.v., a dose that abolished the response to @entity2872 and PGD2, @entity18607 had no effect on @entity112 -, @entity750 - or LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction. 8. @entity18607 potently and selectively antagonized @entity2872 - or PGD2-induced bronchoconstriction in the Konzett-R  ssler model of @entity840 lung function. It should therefore prove to be a useful tool for defining the role of TXA2- and PGD2 in @entity1030 such as @entity565 .

title: XXXX an antagonist of thromboxane A2- and @entity1672 -induced bronchoconstriction in the @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['PGD2', 'prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity18607 :: (MESH:C063119,Chemical) :: ['BAY u3405']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The traditional goal of @entity28 therapy has been the reduction of body weight to an ideal standard. @entity1 difficulties, however, in reaching this goal have led to a reassessment of weight loss criteria. The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences recently proposed that successful long-term weight loss be defined as the reduction of initial weight by 5% or more and the maintenance of this loss for at least 1 year. The present study used these criteria to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a proprietary weight loss program. METHODS: @entity1 were 621 @entity1 who had completed a 26-week weight loss program that included 12 weeks of treatment by a very-low-calorie diet. They were recruited from a total of 1,283 eligible @entity1 who had been treated at 36 clinics nationwide. Clinics were randomly selected to participate. @entity1 ' weights were determined in telephone interviews initially conducted 2 years after treatment and then at yearly intervals through 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, @entity1 achieved a mean reduction in initial weight of 25.5 +/- 1% and @entity1 22.6 +/- 1%. Subjects regained substantial amounts of weight by the 2-year follow-up but 77.5% of @entity1 and 59.9% of @entity1 still maintained losses of 5% or more of body weight. At the 3-year follow-up, 53% of the original sample (of 621 @entity1 ) maintained losses of 5% or more and 35% losses of 10% or more. These trends were apparent 4 and 5 years after treatment but the dwindling sample sizes prevented definitive assessments. DISCUSSION: The findings showed that a program of lifestyle modification combined with the brief use of a very-low-calorie diet was associated with successful weight control in a substantial portion of @entity1 several years after treatment. Long-term weight losses of 5% or more of initial weight are likely to be associated with improvements in health complications.

title: A multicenter evaluation of a proprietary weight loss program for the treatment of marked XXXX : a five-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity4588 : @entity3276 oxidoreductase is a membrane-associated complex in mitochondria, often referred to as complex II, based on the fractionation scheme developed by Y. Hatefi and colleagues. It consists of four peptides, two of which are integral membrane proteins (15 and 12-13 kDa, respectively) and two others that are peripheral membrane proteins, i.e., a @entity13745 (Fp, 70 kDa) and an @entity68 -protein (Ip, 27 kDa). The mature, functional complex contains a cytochrome in association with the membrane proteins, a @entity1785 linked covalently to the largest peptide, and three @entity5985 clusters in the 27-kDa subunit. The present review touches only briefly on the biochemical and biophysical properties of this complex. Instead, the focus is on the molecular-genetic studies that have become possible since the first genes from eukaryotes were cloned in 1989. The evolutionary conservation of the @entity535 sequence of both the Fp and the Ip peptides has facilitated the cloning of these genes from a large variety of eukaryotic organisms by PCR-based methods. The review addresses questions related to the regulation of the expression of these genes, with an emphasis on mammals and @entity375 , for which most of the information is available. Four different genes have to be co-ordinately regulated. Transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms have been observed in diverse organisms. Intriguing observations have been made in studies of this enzyme during the life cycle of organisms existing alternately under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Naturally occurring or induced mutations in these genes have shed light on several questions related to the assembly of this complex, and on the relationship between structure and function. Four different peptides are imported into the mitochondria. They have to be modified, folded, and assembled. The stage is set for the exploration of highly specific changes introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. Until recently the genes were believed to be exclusively nuclear in all eukaryotes, but exceptions have since been found. This finding has relevance in the discussion of the evolution of mitochondria from prokaryotes. A highly conserved set of genes is found in prokaryotes, and some informative comparisons on gene organization and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been included.

title: Molecular genetics of @entity4588 : XXXX oxidoreductase in eukaryotes.

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity13745 :: ('CHEBI:5086', 'Chemical') :: ['flavoprotein']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity3276 :: (MESH:C004532,Chemical) :: ['quinone']


abstract: The phosphorylation reaction for the plasma membrane @entity4430 of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was examined in order to further understand the mechanism of this enzyme. The level of steady-state phosphorylation had a pH optimum of about 6.0 while @entity4430 activity (32Pi production) measured under identical conditions had a pH optimum of 7.0. Phosphoenzyme decomposition was accelerated as both the pH and temperature were increased. The former effect may account for the observed difference between the pH optimum for phosphorylation and @entity4430 . Although the kinetics of K+ stimulation of @entity855 hydrolysis have been observed to be complex, the kinetics of K+ stimulation of phosphoenzyme turnover were observed to be simple Michaelis-Menten. An antagonism was observed between MgATP and K+ for the stimulation of phosphoenzyme turnover. Increased @entity855 concentration reduced the degree of K+ stimulation of phosphoenzyme turnover and @entity4430 activity. These effects could be explained by the observation that two forms of phosphoenzyme occur during @entity855 hydrolysis. One form is discharged by @entity857 while the other form is @entity857 insensitive. @entity972 stimulation of phosphoenzyme breakdown occurs primarily because of effects on the @entity857 -insensitive phosphoenzyme form. These results are consistent with a mechanism of @entity855 hydrolysis involving interconversions of conformational states.

title: Intermediate reaction states of the red beet plasma membrane XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Gene) :: ['ATPase']


abstract: The heterozygote reeler @entity19 (HRM) shows many neuroanatomical and biochemical features that are also present in some @entity1 @entity73 , such as @entity161 . In the present study, hippocampal dependent plasticity and cognitive function of the HRM were characterized in detail in an attempt to reveal phenotypic functional differences that result from @entity42904 haploinsufficiency. The HRM and wild type @entity19 show similar levels of overall activity, coordination, thermal nociception, @entity427 responses, and @entity148 -like behavior. In addition, both genotypes show similar shock threshold, identical cued freezing behavior and comparable spatial learning in Morris water maze tasks. However, a significant reduction in contextual fear conditioned learning was observed in the HRM. Electrophysiological studies in hippocampal @entity4778 synapses revealed a plethora of differences between genotypes. The HRM exhibits reduced field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in responses to similar synaptic inputs, lowered paired pulse facilitation ratio and @entity308 and @entity116 -induced long-term potentiation (LTP). Also, deficits were detected in LTP elicited by theta burst stimulation or by a whole cell pairing protocol. These physiologic differences could not be accounted for by changes in the overall amount of @entity2227 receptor subunits. In addition, it was determined that network-driven excitatory and inhibitory activities recorded in @entity4778 pyramidal neurons showed that the HRM had comparable amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but a marked reduction in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Thus, the HRM exhibits a specific @entity4207 accompanied with a pronounced impairment of hippocampal plasticity and functional inhibitory innervation.

title: @entity73 and altered hippocampus synaptic function in @entity42904 haploinsufficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['impaired long-term depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal-dependent learning deficit']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: There has been an ongoing increase in the frequency and severity of blunt @entity764 . Their rather high lethality is caused by the injury alone as well as by the following systemic @entity32 response. The aim of the study is to verify the efficacy of the pharmacological blockade of the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) in serious blunt @entity764 , and to identify whether the administration of @entity3352 as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor could prevent a @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and a @entity177 ( @entity177 ). METHODS: @entity1 were divided into 4 Groups according to @entity130 severity--injury severity score (ISS) and into two subgroups--an @entity3352 subgroup where @entity1 received @entity3352 together with standard therapy, and a non- @entity3352 subgroup. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were included in the study and 33 @entity1 were given @entity3352 . In Groups III and IV there was a later increase in @entity32 markers in @entity1 treated with @entity3352 . The elevation of @entity32 markers and the period of mechanical ventilation support in @entity1 treated with @entity3352 were shorter in Groups II and III. Seven (8.3%) @entity1 died. Six of the seven dead @entity1 were from the non- @entity3352 subgroup. @entity177 was the cause of @entity204 in two @entity1 in the non- @entity3352 subgroup and in one @entity1 in the @entity3352 subgroup. CONCLUSION: The results obtained during the first 20 months of the study imply that a certain number of @entity1 with serious blunt @entity764 could benefit from @entity3352 administration.

title: XXXX ( @entity1850 ) in serious @entity764 : is a pharmacological blockade effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries', 'chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite optimum treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, most @entity1 with @entity11 have a poor prognosis. @entity11 are @entity5 that produce @entity7 ( @entity7 ), which is an important mediator of angiogenesis. Preclinical data indicate that angiogenesis is essential for the proliferation and survival of @entity11 cells, which suggests that inhibition of angiogenesis might be an effective therapeutic strategy. Anti-angiogenic therapies that target @entity7 and the @entity319 ( @entity319 ) are effective adjuncts to the treatment of solid @entity5 . Normalisation of dilated and @entity5 vasculature might also enable anti-angiogenic therapy to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: Several studies have investigated the use of bevacizumab--a humanised monoclonal antibody against @entity7 --for @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 . Treatment with bevacizumab is commonly combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy and results in dramatic responses seen on radiographs, prolongation of progression-free survival, and less need for @entity288 . Similar results have been shown with small-molecule inhibitors of @entity319 , such as @entity19977 . Anti-angiogenic treatment is generally well tolerated but common adverse effects include @entity101 and @entity644 , whereas the potentially more serious adverse effects, such as @entity1031 and @entity548 , occur infrequently. At least half of @entity1 fail to respond to anti-angiogenic treatment and the response duration is variable. Resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy might implicate alternative pro-angiogenic factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor, stromal-derived factor-1alpha, the angiopoietin receptor @entity878 , and @entity7309 . Anti-angiogenic therapy might also lead to mobilisation of circulating endothelial cells towards the @entity5 , which supports angiogenesis. Another possible mechanism of resistance of @entity11 cells might be upregulation of pro-invasive molecules, which would result in increased infiltrative @entity5 growth along the blood vessels. WHERE NEXT?: Although anti-angiogenic therapies are promising, the duration of response with available regimens is modest. Continuing investigations will determine whether these drugs are best used for newly diagnosed or recurrent @entity5 and will establish the optimum combinations with radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and other targeted molecular compounds. As yet, there are no effective treatments for patients on anti-angiogenic therapies whose @entity5 progress. Further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies and better selection of @entity1 will be crucial to improve outcomes for @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Novel anti-angiogenic therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7309 :: ('5228', 'Gene') :: ['placental growth factor']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['leaky tumour', 'vascular tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity19977 :: ('MESH:C500926', 'Chemical') :: ['cediranib']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 ( @entity6461 ) rates have been increasing significantly in recent years, despite a decreasing incidence of @entity135 in general. Oropharyngeal @entity6461 has many characteristics that are distinct from other @entity135 , and thus it is important to focus specifically on @entity5 arising in this region, with the goal of improving @entity1 outcomes. One important goal is to identify those @entity1 who are likely to fail standard therapy and who could potentially benefit from alternative or targeted treatments. METHODS: In the current study, the prognostic value of microRNAs (miRNAs) was evaluated in @entity1 with oropharyngeal @entity6461 . miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that are master regulators of many important biological processes. In total, 150 @entity5 were analyzed using the recently developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based method for miRNA expression profiling. In addition, the expression of miRNAs was also compared with @entity1082 ) transcriptional activities. RESULTS: The current study identified 6 miRNAs that were found to be significantly associated with @entity5 survival. A combined expression signature of these miRNAs was prognostic of oropharyngeal @entity6461 , independent of common clinical features or HPV status. CONCLUSIONS: This new miRNA signature was experimentally validated in an independent oropharyngeal @entity6461 cohort. Furthermore, 5 HPV-related miRNAs were identified, which may help to characterize HPV-induced @entity5 including both oropharyngeal and cervical @entity6461 .

title: A microRNA expression signature for the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'oropharyngeal tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 with indeterminate @entity358 usually require a definite diagnosis for proper management. The conventional diagnostic procedures such as bronchoscopy and transthoracic needle biopsy sometimes fail to obtain a decisive answer, thus a more aggressive diagnostic procedure will be needed. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has provided an alternative for open thoracotomy for definite diagnosis in these conditions. Thirty-three @entity1 with indeterminate @entity358 received VATS in National Taiwan University Hospital. Of these @entity1 , twenty-eight manifested with coin lesion and five had diffuse pulmonary infiltration before operation. Traditional diagnostic procedures, i.e. bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle biopsy, could not give a definite diagnosis for these @entity1 . A definite diagnosis was obtained after thoracoscopy in all of these @entity1 . The mean operation time was 129 minutes (range, 180 to 45 minutes). The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 4.1 days (range, 1 to 7 days). The mean postoperative hospital stay of elective surgery without subsequent chemotherapy or radiotherapy was 9.5 days (range, 5 to 14 days). The @entity1 received 2.4 times parental narcotics injection for analgesia on average (range, 0 to 6 times). There is no operation-related @entity204 in this series. Three @entity1 had prolonged air leak with seven days of chest tube drainage. Two @entity1 , with @entity2834 and @entity401 , have mortality from their underlying disease later. VATS is a safe and effective procedure not only for diagnosis, but also for treatment in the management of indeterminate @entity358 .

title: The role of video-assisted thoracic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['chronic interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lesion']


abstract: During lactation, hypothalamic levels of @entity10969 (NPY) and @entity26473 ( @entity26473 ) mRNA are increased, while @entity9210 ( @entity9210 ) mRNA is decreased. Serum leptin levels are also decreased during lactation. These changes may underlie the large increases of both food and water intake that occur in concert with milk production. However, additional hypothalamic substances, such as the novel peptide, orexin, may be involved. In addition, in the presence of chronically suppressed levels of serum leptin, there may be a change in leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus. The objectives of the present study were to determine if orexin and leptin receptor mRNA levels were changed during lactation. @entity35 were studied on dioestrus of the oestrous cycle or on day 10 postpartum (the lactating animals were suckling eight pups). Orexin mRNA levels in the lateral hypothalamus did not differ between dioestrus and lactation. There was a significant increase in leptin receptor mRNA levels in the supraoptic nucleus during lactation compared to dioestrus. Furthermore, leptin receptor protein, as determined by immunocytochemistry, was colocalized in virtually all vasopressin and @entity398 cells in the supraoptic nucleus. Lactating animals exhibited a decrease in leptin receptor mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus whereas no change was apparent in other hypothalamic areas compared to the dioestrus animals. These results demonstrate that changes in orexin do not appear to contribute to the increase in food intake during lactation. It is likely that the increases in NPY and ARGP, coupled with the decrease in @entity9210 , are primarily responsible for sustaining the chronic @entity7298 of lactation. The changes observed in leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus, along with the suppression of serum leptin levels, also suggest that the leptin signalling system may play a significant role in the regulation of food and water intake during lactation.

title: Differential regulation of leptin receptor but not orexin in the hypothalamus of the lactating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity26473 :: ('25582(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AGRP', 'agouti related protein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The distribution of elements in isolated and cultured @entity35 hepatocytes was measured by energy dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis of freeze-dried ultrathin cryosections. The intracellular compartmentation of electrolyte ions, in particular the content of @entity1372 , @entity2865 , and @entity972 , was found to depend on culture conditions and on the amount of @entity10278 added to the culture medium. In cells exposed to 1-10 microM @entity3409 without @entity544 supply, the @entity972 / @entity1372 ratio decreased from control values of about 10 to values below 1 within 30 min. Changes of @entity972 and @entity1372 content were followed by an increase in the intracellular @entity2865 content. In cells exposed to 1-10 microM @entity3409 with @entity544 supply, changes of the electrolyte composition were delayed to 1-2 days. An increase of intracellular @entity2865 preceded the inversion of the intracellular @entity972 / @entity1372 ratio. High @entity3409 doses induced a cytoplasmic @entity460 increase and finally disintegration and decay of cell structure. Almost normal @entity972 and @entity1372 contents were found in cells exposed to 10 microM @entity3409 in the presence of 100 microM @entity219 with @entity544 for 1 day. Changes in the intracellular electrolyte composition by adverse or toxic conditions were detected before any structural damage became visible. Thus, energy dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis of cryosections proved to be a sensitive probe of cell viability and @entity137 .

title: Effects of XXXX on electrolyte ions in cultured @entity35 hepatocytes studied by X-ray microanalysis of cryosections.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: In the past 10 to 20 years the pneumococcus, the most common pathogen of community-acquired @entity55 , has developed resistance to most antibiotics used for its treatment. Classes with important resistance problems include the @entity7660 , the @entity7187 and @entity35995 , @entity799 , and the @entity2930 . Unfortunately, resistance to more than one class of antibiotics is common in pneumococci, and their treatment is thus becoming more difficult. @entity1 likely to harbour resistant organisms include young @entity1 , particularly those attending day care, older @entity1 , and subjects who have received recent antibiotic therapy, suffer from underlying diseases including @entity645 , or have nosocomial or polymicrobial @entity55 . The consequences of resistance development are different for different classes of antibiotics. With @entity7660 , the increase in minimal inhibitory concentrations is usually moderate in resistant strains, and because of the high concentrations that can be achieved with this class of drugs resistance does not usually lead to treatment failure. Thus, @entity7660 continue to be important drugs for the treatment of @entity2258 , even if the organism is resistant. In contrast, resistance to other classes of antibiotics must be assumed to render these drugs ineffective. Newer @entity5176 represent valuable alternatives for the treatment of @entity2258 , since their efficacy is not affected by resistance to other classes of antibiotics and they cover almost all pathogens of community-acquired @entity55 , including the atypical pathogens. However, they should be used with restraint in order to preserve this valuable class of drugs.

title: XXXX due to resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity35995 :: ('MESH:D055231', 'Chemical') :: ['lincosamides']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']