abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To critically review evidence on the hypothesis that the multitude of @entity73 perceived by critically ill individuals may contribute to the development of pathophysiologic sequlae through modulation of the levels of stress neuropeptides. BACKGROUND: @entity3124 individuals experience high levels of stress and intense adverse emotions. Although @entity1642 has long been recognized as a factor in disease, and despite the nursing tenet on the importance of @entity1 ' psychological responses, in critical care, the potential physiologic effects of stress have received little attention. DESIGN, METHODS: Narrative critical review. Databases searched included Medline, CINAHL, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Evidence on the role of stress neuropeptides and pertinent findings in critically ill individuals are reviewed. RESULTS: Limbic and extra-limbic brain structures along with specific stress neuropeptides [corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), neuropeptide Y , vasopressin, prolactin, @entity398 , @entity4757 , @entity8586 , endorphins, enkephalins, @entity1943 , @entity1063 , @entity2493 ] are involved in emotional and stress responses. Research evidence indicates that stress neuropeptide levels may be altered in @entity3124 . Moreover, they mediate processes such as immunity, endothelial response and oxidative stress. A framework for future research and practice is presented. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that, in @entity3124 , @entity1642 accentuates pathophysiological sequlae, through release of neuropeptides. The role of neuropeptides is suggested as an important field of investigation for critical care nursing. However, currently available data are insufficient to draw firm conclusions. Focussed studies on the physiologic correlates of @entity1642 in the critically ill are needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: If this hypothesis is corroborated, bedside quantification of selected neuropeptides may contribute to the assessment of stress and of the effectiveness of psychological support interventions in the future. Moreover, psychosocial and, probably, pharmacological support interventions may be effective adjuncts to the care of the critically ill.

title: Potential effects of stress in XXXX through the role of stress neuropeptides.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and psychological stressors']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: @entity3886 (TGA) has traditionally been repaired by redirection of atrial flow. Concern over the late development of @entity67 has prompted increased use of the arterial repair. This approach was utilized in 11 @entity1 ranging in age from 7 days to 22 months (mean 5.3 months) and in weight from 2.6 to 12.2 kg (mean 5.1 kg). Five @entity1 had intact ventricular septum and underwent primary repair electively or after poor response to balloon atrial septostomy. A large @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) was present in 6 @entity1 , one of whom had @entity1498 and one with @entity1892 interrupted aortic arch. Pulmonary artery banding was done in 3 of these @entity1 in addition to subclavian artery aortoplasty and primary arch repair. Spontaneous @entity1757 closure occurred in 2 banded @entity1 . All @entity1 had normal coronary artery distribution. Conduits were not used in any repair. There were 2 operative deaths caused by @entity453 prior to establishing bypass in one @entity1 and to left ventricular (LV) failure in a @entity1 operated on at 5 months of age with an LV pressure of only one-half systemic level. The 9 surviving @entity1 are well from 4 to 38 months after operation (mean 15 months). No @entity1 has @entity712 and 5 receive no medications. Catheterization in 4 @entity1 revealed widely patent coronaries in each. @entity337 was noted in 1 @entity1 . Each had mild to moderate @entity849 (12 to 51 mmHg). LV function was normal in each case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arterial repair for simple and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Trivial aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['supravalvar pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the right coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular and sinus node dysfunction']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['complex forms of transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: This paper reports on 16 cases of primary @entity320 of the external ear and the @entity1 were followed up for two to 116 months. Fourteen @entity1 had surgical excision with wide margins as initial treatment, whilst two had an amputation performed. Eleven @entity1 had no recurrences, two died of other diseases, and four died of @entity320 . The five @entity1 who developed recurrences received further surgery and two also radiotherapy. Seven of the cases were histologically of the nodular type, six were superficial spreading, two were in situ @entity320 , and one was a @entity552 . The thickness ranged from 0.15 to 11.5 mm. Classification according to Clark et al. (1969) revaled that as many as nine cases were Clark level IV or more. Immunostaining with @entity1364 yielded strong positivity in all cases, however, statistical analysis did not reveal any differences that could be correlated to the prognosis. Estimation of the vascularization at the base of the @entity5 by means of immunostaining with @entity2279 did not reveal any significant differences either. We concluded that in our material the thickness of the @entity5 is of greater prognostic value than the estimation of proliferation by @entity1364 and vascularization by @entity2279 . The value of @entity1364 and @entity2279 as possible prognostic parameters needs to be evaluated in a larger series. It is emphasized that @entity320 of the external ear is a highly @entity5 , and that four of our 16 @entity1 died of their disease, three of them within a year after diagnosis. @entity320 of the external ear is readily inspected and thereby an early diagnosis should be possible.

title: XXXX of the ear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity552 :: ('MESH:D018327', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo maligna']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: Primary @entity2971 of the mediastinum are rare @entity5 , almost always occurring in young adult males. This report described @entity189 in a 13-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 was checked up at chest X-ray examination of middle-school pupils on June 1989, and was referred to us because of rapid enlargement of the shadow on October 1989. Chest rentogenograms on admission showed a large mass at the anterior mediastinum, and MRI also revealed a multicystic one extending to the right hemithorax and pressing the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Her serum @entity160 level was high at 211.1 ng/ml. At operation, on November 6, 1989, a large @entity5 (110 x 95 x 75 mm) was removed completely through median sternotomy. Histological study of the lesion revealed a wide spread of cystic mature teratoma containing some foci of @entity189 . Positive immunochemical reaction indicated the presence of @entity160 in these @entity189 cells. She was treated with 13 courses of anti- @entity5 chemotherapy by various combinations of CDDP, THP-ADR, @entity2879 , VCR, @entity13685 , CPM, @entity3003 , for one postoperative year. She showed clinical improvement and has continued to be free from recurrence now at 52 months after surgery.

title: [A case of primary mediastinal teratocarcinoma in a young XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3918 , also called @entity3918 type 1, is a @entity74 with autosomal dominant transmission characterized by @entity8525 and a multisystemic clinical picture that affects several tissues of the @entity1 body. The most common systemic phenotypes are: muscular, cardiac, respiratory, CNS, ocular, gynecological, digestive, orthopedical, as well as cognitive and @entity1109 ( @entity73 ). Muscles involved in @entity717 are highly affected by @entity8525 especially distal muscles of upper limbs. These @entity1 also show changes in face, chewing and pharynx muscles that can lead to swallowing and speech problems, @entity1282 and in most cases to food @entity1173 and suffocation. Poor oral hygiene resulting from reduced motor mobility and reduced saliva flux can lead to @entity32 and periodontal disease. Other oral manifestations include disturbances at the temporomandibular articulation, dental occlusion changes and reduction in teeth number as a result of caries. Main causes of @entity204 are @entity55 and @entity943 . The etiopathogeny of this syndrome is still not clear, conditioning the existence of a specific treatment for this disease. Nowadays, treatments consist on the release of the existing symptoms, in an attempt to give a better life quality to @entity1 . It is very important to implement actions that can prevent complications and consequently decrease @entity204 . Treatments should be applied in an early stage of the disease. Bronchoscopy and artificial respiration should be used to prevent @entity55 , and regular electrocardiographic monitoring should be done to evaluate defects in the conductive system. Several approaches have been applied to rehabilitate swallowing dysfunction and avoid @entity1173 like videofluoroscopy, postural techniques and adjustment of diet type. It is the aim of this paper to clarify the ethiology, diagnosis, systemic and oral characteristics of the syndrome, as well as to discuss treatments to be applied according to @entity1 affected organs.

title: XXXX and repercussions in dental medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy', 'Steinert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Steinert syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 ( @entity731 ) is less prevalent and less severe in African-Americans (AA), relative to European Americans (EA). Because @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is associated with @entity731 in the neighboring coronary arteries, we explored ethnic-specific relationships between @entity1386 and @entity731 . METHODS: @entity1386 volume and coronary and @entity731 were measured in 561 EA and 575 AA subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 using single and multidetector computed tomography. Generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation and the sandwich estimator of the variance were used to test for associations between @entity1386 and @entity731 . RESULTS: Mean (sd) ages of AA and EA @entity1 were 56.7 (9.5) and 62.0 (8.9) yr, respectively; @entity6 duration was 10.5 (8.1) and 10.1 (7.3) yr; and @entity1386 volume was 86.9 (38.6) and 131.7 (55.3) cm3/45 mm. In AA and EA @entity1 , respectively, mean (sd) coronary @entity731 mass scores were 803 (1,889) and 1,465 (2,847) mg @entity460 ; and @entity731 , 5,407 (10,651) and 10,090 (15,087) mg @entity460 . Adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, height, smoking, lipid-lowering medications, @entity1851 , @entity633 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , and @entity1674 , parameter estimates for the relationship between @entity1386 and log(coronary @entity731 +1) were 0.012 in AA (P<0.0001) and 0.003 (P=0.24) in EA, with a significant ethnic difference (P=0.019). No significant relationships or ethnic differences were observed between @entity1386 and @entity731 (P=0.24, fully adjusted model). CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial adiposity is strongly associated with @entity453 in AA with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Novel @entity65 risk factors such as @entity1386 may contribute to ethnic disparities in susceptibility to development of @entity453 .

title: Ethnic differences in the relationship between @entity1386 and coronary artery calcified plaque: African-American- XXXX heart study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic CP', 'Calcified atherosclerotic plaque', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['PAT', 'pericardial adipose tissue']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Split renal function tests were studied in 41 @entity1 with unilateral stenosis of the @entity8 in comparison with 36 subjects with essential @entity101 . The two populations were matched for sex, age (39 +/- 10 vs 37 +/- 11 years (+/- 1 standard deviation) and systemic arterial pressure (193/114 +/- 29/15 vs 205/110 +/- 30/17 mmHg). The @entity2556 clearance ( @entity8045 ) was decreased in essential @entity101 . The decrease was similar in the right (160.3 +/- 56.9 ml/min/m2) and left kidneys (158.7 +/- 45 ml/min/m2). The inulin clearance ( @entity8046 ) was similar in both kidneys (35.2 +/- 12.5 vs 33.6 +/- 11.6 ml/min/m2). In addition, in essential @entity101 , @entity8045 was negatively correlated with blood pressure (p less than 0.01). In @entity1 with @entity2791 , @entity8045 of the "stenotic" kidney was reduced (91.5 +/- 47.8 ml/min/m2) as well as @entity8046 (22.9 +/- 9.3 ml/min/m2). In contrast, a significant increase in @entity8045 (194.1 +/- 63.8 ml/min/m2) and @entity8046 (47.6 +/- 12.6 ml/min/m2) was observed in the contralateral kidney. Kidney function ( @entity8045 and @entity8046 ) was not correlated with blood pressure in the "stenotic" kidney. @entity8045 and @entity8046 of the non stenotic kidney were positively and significantly correlated with systemic arterial pressure (p less than 0.01). @entity8046 was positively correlated with @entity8045 (p less than 0.001) in all kidneys in renovascular or in sustained essential @entity101 . However, in the contralateral kidney of @entity2792 , a significant upward resetting of the correlation was observed. The @entity8046 / @entity8045 was increased in the stenotic kidney (25.7 +/- 7.6%), as well as in the contralateral kidney (25.6 +/- 6.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparison of renal hemodynamics in 2 types of arterial @entity101 , essential and renovascular, in XXXX . Physiopathological implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['main renal artery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: @entity796 is an opportunistic pathogen that causes both acute @entity55 in immunocompromised @entity1 and @entity1030 in individuals with @entity1577 and other @entity4595 . Over 75% of clinical isolates of @entity796 secrete elastase B (LasB), an elastolytic metalloproteinase that is encoded by the lasB gene. Previously, in vitro studies have demonstrated that LasB degrades a number of components in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These include surfactant proteins, antibacterial peptides, cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins. However, the contribution of LasB to @entity358 by @entity796 and to inactivation of pulmonary innate immunity in vivo needs more clarification. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying enhanced clearance of the /\lasB mutant in @entity19 lungs. The /\lasB mutant was attenuated in virulence when compared to the wild-type strain @entity19118 during @entity358 in @entity7251 +/+ @entity19 . However, the /\lasB mutant was as virulent as @entity19118 in the lungs of @entity7251   /    @entity19 . Detailed analysis showed that the /\lasB mutant was more susceptible to @entity7251 -mediated opsonization but not membrane permeabilization. In vitro and in vivo phagocytosis experiments revealed that @entity7251 augmented the phagocytosis of /\lasB mutant bacteria more efficiently than the isogenic wild-type @entity19118 . The /\lasB mutant was found to have a severely reduced ability to degrade @entity7251 , consequently making it unable to evade opsonization by the collectin during phagocytosis. These results suggest that @entity796 LasB protects against @entity7251 -mediated opsonization by degrading the collectin.

title: XXXX elastase provides an escape from phagocytosis by degrading the pulmonary surfactant protein-A.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) causes @entity149 leading to high catabolic, hypermetabolic and hyperdynamic stress states with marked morbidity and mortality. In the last decade, nutritional support has become a key element in the treatment of @entity656 . Thus, specialized nutrition is indicated from admission, with enteral nutrition being preferred to parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition should be initiated early using infusion through the jejunum beyond the ligament of Treitz to minimize pancreatic stress. There are no specific studies that establish the type of diet to be used but experts recommend the use of polymeric diets. Parenteral nutrition, without a specific formula, is indicated in @entity1 with @entity656 who are intolerant to enteral nutrition or when the clinical signs of @entity788 are exacerbated or aggravated by enteral nutrition. Even so, a minimal level of enteral infusion should be maintained to preserve the trophic effect of the intestinal mucosa. In the last few years, several studies of the administration of immunomodulatory diets in @entity1 with @entity656 have been carried out to demonstrate their effects on the course of the disease. However, there are few clear recommendations on the prognostic benefits of pharmaconutrient enriched diets in these @entity1 . There is substantial scientific evidence suggesting that the only clear indication for pharmaconutrition in @entity1 with @entity656 is parenteral @entity1160 administration, which is recommended by all clinical guidelines with distinct grades of evidence.

title: [Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically ill- @entity1 . Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): severe acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'Severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: We tested the ability of vaccination with @entity778 -like particles (VLPs) to protect @entity95 against @entity1185 induced by the @entity18534 ( @entity18535 ). A recombinant baculovirus system that expressed only the L1 major papillomavirus structural protein or L1 plus the minor L2 protein was used in insect cells as the source of VLPs. Groups of 10 @entity95 were immunized with native or denatured VLPs from @entity18535 or type 1 @entity291 papillomavirus by using Freund's adjuvant. Alum was used as the adjuvant for an additional group immunized with @entity18535 L1-L2 VLPs. Animals were challenged with 5 x 10(10) and 2 x 10(11) particles on opposing flanks. No protection was seen in @entity95 immunized with native or denatured @entity291 papillomavirus L1-L2 or with denatured @entity18535 L1-L2. In these groups, the lower and higher challenge doses resulted in 27 of 30 animals with extensive @entity1185 , with each of the remaining animals having a smaller number of persistent @entity1185 . Progression to @entity189 developed in 20 @entity95 . Animals inoculated with native @entity18535 VLPs composed of L1 alone or L1-L2 developed many fewer lesions; the lower and higher challenge doses resulted in 17 of 29 and 5 of 29 @entity95 , respectively, with no lesions, and the remainder developed only one to @entity1185 , which all regressed except for those on 1 @entity95 . None developed @entity5 within 1 year of @entity281 . @entity95 vaccinated with native @entity18535 VLPs developed high-titer antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on native VLPs, and passive transfer of serum or immunoglobulin G from @entity95 immunized with @entity18535 VLPs protected against @entity18535 challenge. We conclude that native VLPs can induce antibody-mediated, type-specific protection against experimental @entity1083 .

title: Immunization with viruslike particles from @entity18534 ( @entity18535 ) can protect against experimental XXXX @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity18534 :: ('10623', 'Species') :: ['cottontail rabbit papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'eight papillomas']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit', 'domestic rabbits']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity18535 :: (12136,Species) :: ['CRPV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: --Ovarian cysts are common in childhood but most are non functioning. Treatment of those @entity7979 that develop in young @entity1 may be difficult. CASE REPORTS: Case no. 1.--A 1 1/2 month-old baby was admitted because of an @entity697 . Ultrasonography showed a pelvic, heterogeneous mass without @entity730 . Laparotomy showed right @entity43 with @entity39 of a cyst requiring ovariectomy. At that time, there was an isolated increase in FSH after @entity4396 stimulation. A transitory premature thelarche without pubertal type response to @entity4396 was seen at the age of 3 months. Clinical and ultrasonographic controls remain normal with a follow-up of 1 year. Case no. 2.--A 4 yr 10 m-old @entity1 was admitted because of an @entity697 . Ovariectomy was necessary because laparotomy showed right @entity43 with @entity39 of a cyst. Recurrent @entity490 , 4 months later, was associated with an enlarged left ovary without @entity17246 . Gonadotropin were slightly increased after @entity4396 stimulation and the @entity1 was given @entity4396 agonist that suppressed endogenous @entity4396 within 3 months. Clinical and ultrasonographic controls remain normal 1 year after cessation of treatment. Case no. 3.--A 19 month-old @entity1 was admitted because of a @entity548 with recent development of secondary sexual characteristics. Skeletal age was 2 yrs. Ultrasonography showed an enlarged uterus and a left @entity42 , heterogenous with @entity730 . Plasma levels of @entity53 were increased but gonadotropin were normal. Ovariectomy was performed, followed by disappearance of secondary sexual characteristics. However, the @entity1 was given @entity4396 agonist at the age of 2 yr 7 mo because of recurrent pubertal activity. CONCLUSIONS: --These cases underline the difficulty in treating @entity7979 in young @entity1 . The possibility of cyst recurrence with manifestations of pubertal activity after ovariectomy lead to discuss indication of @entity4396 agonists for an undetermined duration.

title: [How to manage a symptomatic XXXX in a female @entity1 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cysts']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['genital hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17246 :: ('MESH:C538542', 'Disease') :: ['sexual precocity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian follicular cyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is one of the major methods for treating @entity5 , but many @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy have deep concerns about receiving radiation treatment. This problem is not generally appreciated and has not been adequately studied. METHODS: The objective of this investigation was to empirically investigate the anxieties that @entity5 @entity1 feel towards radiotherapy by using questionnaires to classify and quantitatively measure their concerns. A preliminary interview to develop a questionnaire was carried out with 48 @entity1 receiving radiotherapy to discover their anxieties about on-going treatments. Subsequently, a main study was performed using a questionnaire with 185 @entity1 to classify their types of @entity148 and to ascertain the reliability and validity of the responses. Confirmatory factor analysis was then carried out with a 17-item Radiotherapy Categorical Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Three @entity148 factors were abstracted by factor analysis: (1) adverse effects of radiotherapy, (2) environment of radiotherapy, and (3) treatment effects of radiotherapy. Reliability, content validity, and concurrent validity were obtained. The adequacy of the three-factor model of @entity148 concerning radiotherapy was confirmed. CONCLUSION: A 17-item Radiotherapy Categorical Anxiety Scale was formulated to quantitatively measure the specific types of @entity148 among @entity5 @entity1 receiving radiotherapy.

title: An investigation of XXXX about radiotherapy deploying the Radiotherapy Categorical Anxiety Scale.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: A study of ninety-nine hay @entity221 sufferers was conducted to compare the effect of treatment with @entity17013 nasal spray plus @entity9691 tablets with that of @entity9691 alone. The study was carried out over an 11-week period, which covered the pollen season between May and August. All @entity1 received 60 mg @entity9691 twice daily and one group, of forty-nine @entity1 , also received 50 mcg @entity17013 to each nostril twice daily. Clinical assessments of nasal and ocular symptoms were made at admission and following 3, 7 and 11 weeks' treatment. An over-all evaluation of treatment effect was performed at each follow-up visit and nasal examination was carried out. @entity1 also completed diary cards daily. Both treatments were effective in reducing symptom severity, in comparison with previous seasons, but the combination treatment gave consistently better symptom relief. Statistically significant differences were detected in favour of the combined treatments group for nasal symptoms. Eye symptoms were found to be relieved to a comparable degree by both treatments. Results from daily @entity1 self-assessments were consistent with these findings. The over-all evaluations by both @entity1 and doctors were significantly in favour of @entity17013 plus @entity9691 . In conclusion, treatment of hay @entity221 with @entity17013 in addition to @entity9691 was significantly more effective than treatment with the @entity16206 alone.

title: Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with @entity17013 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity17013 :: ('MESH:C007734', 'Chemical') :: ['flunisolide']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

answer: @entity9691 :: (MESH:D016593,Chemical) :: ['terfenadine']


abstract: The study was undertaken to characterize changes in uterine endometrial secretory activity and morphology in the @entity3474 between Days 18 and 32 of pregnancy. Proteins synthesized by the implantation site endometrium (RI) and non-implantation site endometrium (RIII) and developing placenta were analyzed by two-dimensional PAGE and fluorography. The electrophoretic mobility and localization of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in the @entity3474 placenta, and @entity21335 ( @entity21335 ) and @entity904 binding protein (RBP) in the @entity3474 uterus were confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Placental protein synthesis was primarily characterized by the presence of radiolabeled CG at Days 18 and 25, which decreased by Day 32. Peak CG synthetic activity, immunolocalized to the syncytiotrophoblast, occurred during the formation of tertiary villi. Also associated with the development of mature villi was a corresponding increase in a basic protein (M(r) 23,000). The overall secretory pattern of the @entity3474 endometrium was similar to that observed during the midluteal stage; however, the synthetic activity was enhanced during pregnancy. Radiolabeled and immunoreactive @entity21335 and RBP were detectable in the Day 32 functionalis and basalis, respectively, and their synthesis was higher in RI compared to RIII. The immunolocalization of @entity21335 in RI appeared to be directly related to the degree of decidualization. In addition, a novel group of low molecular-weight (M(r) 27,000-30,000) isoelectrovariant proteins was secreted predominantly by the basalis at Days 18 and 25 of pregnancy and disappeared by Day 32 in all but one animal. The synthesis of this group of proteins did not show regional specificity. These studies indicate that the @entity3474 endometrium undergoes morphological and secretory changes during pregnancy that are associated with the development of a functional placenta and decidualized endometrium. Furthermore, these studies suggest that the conceptus/placenta may mediate specific changes in @entity21335 and RBP expression at the implantation site.

title: Secretory and morphological changes in the @entity3474 ( XXXX ) uterus and placenta during early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity21335 :: ('101026642', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1', 'IGFBP-1']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['Papio anubis']


abstract: The impact of various gonadotropic hormones on the growth and development of secondary follicles from primordial and primary follicles obtained by enzymatic dissociation of the ovaries of immature 14-day-old @entity35 was studied in vitro. The substratum-adherent culture technique developed for studying folliculogenesis in the current study permitted direct visualization of follicular growth on a day to day basis by avoiding the cumbersome process of fixing and sectioning follicles in culture. The cultures were maintained in a serum-free modified McCoy's medium in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% @entity515 at 37 C. Daily observation of the culture dishes under the phase contrast microscope revealed that the follicles grew and developed from primordial to primary and secondary follicular stages in the presence of FSH. Large antral follicles were able to secrete @entity53 and @entity1420 into the medium, indicating that the follicles are not merely formed by cellular reorganization, but are physiologically functional competent units. The organized release of the oocyte with accompanying corona radiata was made possible in some secondary follicles with large antral structures by introducing LH into the culture medium. However, introduction of @entity3566 (which has the biological properties of LH) into the cultures on day 1 resulted in follicular degeneration within 3-4 days of culture. Follicular organization was also disrupted when LH was introduced together with FSH into the medium on day 1 of culture. Primordial or primary follicles obtained from the ovaries could survive, but could not transform to secondary follicles in the absence of FSH. The results of our in vitro studies indicate, and therefore are in agreement with earlier in vivo studies, that FSH alone is essential for the progression of folliculogenesis to the @entity558 , and that LH is essential for the organized expulsion of the oocyte from a mature follicle. Our technique, described in the current study, for producing physiologically functional secondary follicles in culture not only allows progress in folliculogenesis to be monitored very closely, but also serves as a model for studying the various intrinsic factors that may be involved in the successful development of dominant mature Graafian follicles that can finally ovulate. It also facilitates access to the growing follicle along with its oocyte, which can, therefore, be used as a powerful model to study the effects of various test substances on follicular development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: In vitro folliculogenesis of XXXX preantral follicles.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preovulatory condition']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Early changes in @entity95 limb-bud fine structure subsequent to maternal administration of either @entity1862 (750 mg HU/kg) or @entity1499 (19.2 mg @entity1500 /kg) on gestational day 12 have been analyzed in order to identify the morphologic sites of teratogenic action. Forelimb-buds were examined at 15 minutes to 32 hours posttreatment for ultrastructural alterations. HU caused early dispersion of ribosomes, condensation of nuclei, segregation of the granular portion of the nucleoli, and eventual fragmentation of mesenchymal cells. As a consequence of the extensive mesenchymal cellular death, the intercellular space among the remaining viable cells was increased. Cellular debris from fragmented cells was seen phagocytized within cells and in the intercellular space. In contrast, @entity1500 caused an increase in cytoplasmic lipid, angular contours of nuclei, but relatively little cellular death. The most prominent change was a disruption of the normal mesenchymal architecture characterized by greatly increased intercellular space and a consequent reduction in the number of intercellular junctions. Nearly normal cytoarchitecture was restored by 32 hours. It was concluded that the primary morphologic sites of action are indeed different. Nevertheless, @entity1500 and HU shared a common denominator since both caused disruption of intercellular contacts and possible breakdown of intercellular communication: HU through cytolethality, and @entity1500 via disruption of intercellular junctions. This latter phenomenon may help to explain the similarities in @entity4218 caused by these two drugs.

title: Comparative ultrastructural alterations in @entity95 limb-buds after a teratogenic dose of either XXXX or @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb defects']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses attach to cells via @entity3167 receptors. The viral neuraminidase (NA) is needed to remove @entity7451 so that newly budded virions can disperse. Known mechanisms of resistance to NA inhibitors include mutations in the inhibitor binding site, or mutations in the hemagglutinin that reduce avidity for @entity3167 and therefore reduce the requirement for NA activity. RESULTS: Influenza H3N2 isolates A/Oklahoma/323/03 (Fujian-like), A/Oklahoma/1992/05 ( @entity7452 -like), and A/Oklahoma/309/06 (Wisconsin-like) lost NA activity on passage in MDCK cells due to internal deletions in the NA-coding RNA segment. The viruses grow efficiently in MDCK cells despite diminished NA activity. The full length NA enzyme activity is sensitive to @entity684 but replication of A/Oklahoma/323/03 and A/Oklahoma/309/06 in MDCK cells was resistant to this inhibitor, indicating that NA is not essential for replication. There was no change in HA activity or sequence after the NA activity was lost but the three viruses show distinct, quite restricted patterns of receptor specificity by Glycan Array analysis. Extensive predicted secondary structure in RNA segment 6 that codes for NA suggests the deletions are generated by polymerase skipping over base-paired stem regions. In general the NA deletions were not carried into subsequent passages, and we were unable to @entity778 with a deleted NA RNA segment. CONCLUSION: H3N2 viruses from 2003 to the present have reduced requirement for NA when passaged in MDCK cells and are resistant to NA inhibitors, possibly by a novel mechanism of narrow receptor specificity such that virus particles do not self-aggregate. These viruses delete internal regions of the NA RNA during passage and are resistant to @entity684 . However, deletions are independently generated at each passage, suggesting that virus with a full length NA RNA segment initiates the first round of infection.

title: Deletions of neuraminidase and resistance to XXXX may be a consequence of restricted receptor specificity in recent H3N2 influenza viruses.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['plaque-purify virus']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity7451 :: ('MESH:D012794', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acids']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['oseltamivir']


abstract: This investigation describes features of @entity52 ( @entity52 ) @entity1 who never returned to claim their embryos following cryopreservation. Frozen embryo data were reviewed to establish communication patterns between @entity1 and clinic; embryos were considered abandoned when 1) an @entity52 @entity1 with frozen embryo/s stored at our facility failed to make contact with our clinic for > 2 yrs and 2) the @entity1 could not be located after a multi-modal outreach effort was undertaken. For these @entity1 , telephone numbers had been disconnected and no forwarding address was available. @entity1 , spouse and emergency family contact/s all escaped detection efforts despite an exhaustive public database search including death records and Internet directory portals. From 3244 @entity52 cycles completed from 2000 to 2008, > or = 1 embryo was frozen in 1159 cases (35.7%). Those without correspondence for > 2 yrs accounted for 292 (25.2%) @entity1 with frozen embryos; 281 were contacted by methods including registered (signature involving abandoned embryos did not differ substantially from other @entity1 . The goal of having a baby was achieved by 10/11 @entity1 either by spontaneous conception, adoption or @entity52 . One @entity1 moved away with conception status unconfirmed. The overall rate of embryo abandonment was 11/1159 (< 1%) in this @entity52 population. Pre- @entity52 counselling minimises, but does not totally eliminate, the problem of abandoned embryos. As the number of abandoned embryos from @entity52 accumulates, their fate urgently requires clarification. We propose that clinicians develop a policy consistent with relevant Irish Constitutional provisions to address this medical dilemma.

title: Who abandons embryos after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilisation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiating @entity4482 from @entity320 can be diagnostically challenging. We aimed to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining for @entity986 and @entity4910 in distinguishing @entity4482 and @entity320 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two biopsy specimens taken between 2007 and 2015 were obtained from the Department of Pathology at the Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu, HI. These included 9 common @entity4482 , 8 cellular @entity4482 (2 with atypical features), and 15 @entity320 (3 @entity320 ). The primary outcome was the difference in @entity986 and @entity4910 staining between @entity4482 and @entity320 . Staining of specimens for @entity986 and @entity4910 was graded on the strength of staining, and the percent of @entity5 that stained positive. A specimen was deemed positive if it showed 2+ staining in >= 50% of the @entity5 . RESULTS: The majority (82%) of @entity4482 stained negative for @entity986 . There was not a significant difference between @entity986 staining in @entity4482 and @entity320 (P=0.06). Eleven (73%) @entity320 stained positive for @entity4910 with a sensitivity of 0.73 and positive predictive value of 1.0. All @entity4482 were negative for @entity4910 , making its specificity 1.0 and its negative predictive value 0.8. This difference in @entity4910 staining in @entity4482 and @entity320 was significant (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4910 may be useful in differentiating @entity4482 from @entity320 .

title: XXXX and @entity986 Expression in Blue Nevi and @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['blue nevi', 'benign blue nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma', 'blue nevus-like melanoma']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['Cyclin D1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nuclear medicine scintigraphies have been reported to assist in making the diagnosis of @entity29 . This work aimed to assess the role of radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy for the diagnosis of suspected @entity29 . METHODOLOGY: Forty-six adult @entity1 were referred for labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for the evaluation of active @entity490 . The @entity1 population included inpatients and outpatients, with known or suspected @entity29 . The nuclear medicine staff was blinded to the @entity1 's specific complaints. RESULTS: The labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was positive in 11 of the 15 @entity1 eventually determined to have @entity30 . Four of the 15 were false negatives. All four of the @entity31 @entity1 had normal scans. There were no false-positive scans. The positive predictive value was thus 100%, the negative predictive value was 77%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 58% and 100% respectively for @entity30 . CONCLUSIONS: We found radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy helpful in prospective, blinded assessments of @entity1 with non-stricturizing or non-fistulizing forms of @entity30 . Scintigraphy may be more justified for reassessments rather than in making an initial diagnosis. The scans were of value in @entity30 but not for @entity31 .

title: Radiolabeled leukocyte imaging in XXXX : a prospective blinded evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity1 who are cured from @entity135 remain at high risk for developing a second primary in the @entity135 area. It is now clear that @entity4878 exert a prophylactic action on the development of @entity5 when tested on laboratory animals and on @entity1 @entity75 . They are now used in the chemoprevention of @entity5 in randomised trials evaluating their efficacy. We prospectively studied 316 @entity1 who developed @entity957 of the @entity135 , classified as T1/T2, N0/N1 < or 3 cm, M0 according to the UICC TNM classification. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive orally, either @entity18143 (a loading dose of 50 mg/day for the first month, followed by a dose of 25 mg/day in the following months) or a placebo for 24 months. Adjuvant treatment began no later than 15 days after surgery and/or the initiation of radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate and disease-free survival rate are similar in the two groups. There are no significant differences regarding either local, regional and distant relapses. After a median follow-up of 41 months (range 0-81), 28 @entity1 in the @entity18143 group and 29 in the placebo group developed a second @entity5 with, respectively, 12 and 13 in the @entity135 region. Adjuvant treatment was definitively discontinued mainly due to @entity137 in 33% of @entity1 in the @entity18143 group versus 23% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). @entity18143 , a second-generation retinoid, does not prevent second @entity5 in @entity1 who have been treated for @entity1544 and oropharynx.

title: Prevention of second @entity5 with XXXX in @entity1544 and oropharynx. Results of a multicentric double-blind randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'primary tumours', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity18143 :: ('MESH:D005050', 'Chemical') :: ['etretinate', 'Etretinate']

answer: @entity18143 :: (MESH:D005050,Chemical) :: ['etretinate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity2914 commonly occur after blunt and penetrating @entity130 . The difficulties in diagnosing traumatic @entity397 due to coexisting @entity130 and the silent nature of the diaphragmatic @entity130 at the first admission are the most common causes of delayed diagnosis. METHODS: The medical records of 34 @entity1 (28 male, 6 female; mean age 32.3 years; range 1 to 68) treated for post-traumatic @entity2914 between August 2004 and June 2008 in Alzahra Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Rupture of the diaphragm was left-sided in 22 (64.7%) and right-sided in 11 (32.4%) and bilateral in 1 (2.9%) of the @entity1 . @entity130 accounted for the @entity130 of 22 @entity1 (64.7%). In the first operation, diagnosis was established preoperatively in 15 @entity1 (44.1%) and intraoperatively in 13 (38.2%). The diagnosis was missed in 6 (17.7%) @entity1 in the first operation. Strangulation of the viscera was seen in three @entity1 . The longest interval between the onset of @entity130 and diagnosis was approximately three years in one case. Multiple associated @entity130 were observed in 22 @entity1 (64.7%), the most common of which were @entity130 (38.2%), @entity174 of the extremities and hemothorax (29.4%) and @entity99 (26.5%). @entity260 were seen in nine @entity1 (26.5%). Mortality of isolated blunt @entity397 was 0%. @entity548 , young age and associated @entity130 significantly increased the mortality and morbidity. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that the incidence of @entity2914 is uncommon, it should be suspected in all blunt or penetrating @entity130 of the thorax and abdomen. Because late complications are usually associated with high morbidity, the presence of such an injury should be excluded before terminating the exploratory procedure.

title: Prognostic factors and outcome of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'diaphragmatic hernias']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic rupture', 'traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spleen injury', 'injuries', 'traumas', 'trauma', 'Blunt trauma']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2838 is characterized by @entity1127 and mucocutaneous pigmentation and carries an increased risk of @entity5 . @entity1127 may bleed or cause intussusception. Luminal GI surveillance is recommended, but there are few data detailing outcomes from GI surveillance in @entity2838 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess outcomes from GI surveillance in @entity1 with @entity2838 . DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review, using hospital and registry notes and endoscopy and histology reports. SETTING: The investigation was conducted at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity2838 who were followed up at St Mark's hospital were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were surveillance procedures performed, complications, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 from 48 pedigrees were included; the median age when @entity1 were first seen was 20 years (range, 3-59). Only baseline investigations were performed in 12 @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 were followed up for 683 @entity1 years, a median of 10 years (range, 2-41). Seven hundred seventy-six procedures were performed to assess the GI tract. These led to 5 double-balloon enteroscopies, 1 push enteroscopy, and 71 surgical procedures. Of the surgical procedures, 20 were performed as a result of baseline investigations, 12 arose from investigations of symptoms, and 39 were due to surveillance of asymptomatic @entity1 . No emergency surgical interventions were performed. No @entity5 were diagnosed. Of the 2461 polypectomies performed, 6 @entity1127 contained atypia or @entity1141 . Six complications arose from endoscopy or surgical intervention, requiring 5 laparotomies to manage these complications. CONCLUSION: GI surveillance in @entity2838 is relatively safe and avoids the need for emergency surgery for small-bowel @entity1127 . The lack of @entity5 may reflect that surveillance and polypectomy have prevented @entity5 from developing, although the detection of @entity5 or @entity1141 is uncommon.

title: XXXX : intriguing suggestion of gastrointestinal cancer prevention from surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['GI polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancer', 'GI cancers', 'cancer', 'luminal GI cancers', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2838 :: (MESH:D010580,Disease) :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity851 in homozygous @entity5357 has been recognized for many years, and has persisted despite major treatment advances. In this cross-sectional study, sitting and standing height were measured to determine whether @entity851 was disproportionate. DESIGN: @entity1 data were analysed in three age groups, 2-10 years, 11-18 years and 19 and over. Sitting height and subischial leg length were also determined in a cohort of parents (n = 19) and normal Greek adolescents (n = 32). @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Of the known 156 @entity1 with homozygous @entity5357 in the State of Victoria, 154 (98.7%) attend our institution. Sitting and standing heights were measured, using Harpenden stadiometers, in 57 of 60 (95%) @entity1 aged 2-18 years and in a random selection of 51 of 89 @entity1 aged 19 and over (57%). Measurements are expressed as mean +/- @entity214 . Other data analysed included serum concentrations of ferritin, @entity219 , @entity920 , FSH, LH, @entity53 and @entity251 , according to standard laboratory assays, together with pubertal status and bone age in @entity1 aged less than 19 years. RESULTS: Standing height standard deviation scores in the 2-10 age group were -0.687 +/- 0.861 (n = 9), in the 11-18 age group were -1.838 +/- 1.413 (n = 48) and in the age group 19 and over were -1.175 +/- 1.126. In individuals aged 2-10 years, sitting height standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) were -1.56 +/- 1.02, in individuals 11-18 years were -3.76 +/- 1.51 (n = 48), and in individuals 19 years and over were -2.77 +/- 1.20 (n = 51), compared with subischial leg length @entity214 which were, in individuals aged 2-10 years 0.214 +/- 0.91; in 11-18 years, -0.063 +/- 1.347, and in individuals 19 and over, 0.37 +/- 1.18. These data show that the reduction in standing height was the result of truncal @entity3207 . Mean sitting height @entity214 was significantly lower in @entity1 with homozygous @entity5357 , compared with their parents (P < 0.001), and in a subgroup of Greek adolescents with homozygous @entity5357 compared with age and sex matched normal Greek adolescents (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between truncal @entity3207 and other clinical and biochemical variables measured. CONCLUSIONS: @entity851 in our @entity1 with homozygous @entity5357 is due to disproportionate truncal @entity3207 . The aetiology of truncal @entity3207 in this @entity1 group is likely to be multifactorial, although @entity6126 and chelation therapy may be contributory factors.

title: XXXX in homozygous @entity5357 is due to disproportionate truncal @entity3207 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Short stature', 'Growth failure', 'growth failure']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassaemia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Short stature']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH), and macular thickness measurements for @entity726 detection using the RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomograph. DESIGN: Diagnostic, case-control study. @entity1 : One hundred forty eyes of 106 @entity726 @entity1 and 74 eyes of 40 healthy subjects from the Diagnostic Innovations in @entity726 Study (DIGS). METHODS: All @entity1 underwent ocular imaging with the commercially available RTVue. Optic nerve head, RNFL thickness, and macular thickness scans were obtained during the same visit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sensitivities at fixed specificities (80% and 95%) were calculated for each parameter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) and sensitivities at fixed specificities of 80% and 95%. RESULTS: The AUC for the RNFL parameter with best performance, inferior quadrant thickness, was significantly higher than that of the best-performing ONH parameter, inferior rim area (0.884 vs 0.812, respectively; P = 0.04). There was no difference between ROC curve areas of the best RNFL thickness parameters and the best inner macular thickness measurement, ganglion cell complex root mean square (ROC curve area = 0.870). CONCLUSIONS: The RTVue RNFL and inner retinal macular thickness measurements had good ability to detect eyes with @entity227 and performed significantly better than ONH parameters.

title: Comparison of different spectral domain optical coherence tomography scanning areas for XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Colonic and rectal forceps and excision biopsies of 355 @entity235 with clinical signs of @entity29 were investigated. Five percent of the forceps biopsies were unsuitable for examination; all excision biopsies were of good quality. Forceps biopsies were obtained from one to eight sites, up to 60 cm cranial from the anus, while excision biopsies, mostly from @entity5 , were from the rectoanal region. Slight to severe @entity1960 and/or @entity4272 was found in 192 @entity235 (54%). A single type of @entity1960 was seen in 160 @entity235 ; in 53 cases the lesions were local, in 107 cases multiple. A combination of different types of @entity1960 was found in 32 @entity235 . @entity1960 , @entity1960 and @entity235 histiocytic ulcerative @entity1960 were the most prominent findings, followed by ulcerative, superficial and @entity1960 . Follicular, @entity1184 and aspecific @entity30 were found in only a few cases. @entity5 were diagnosed in 57 @entity235 (16%). Of these @entity5 50 were of epithelial and seven were of mesenchymal origin. A high percentage (61%) of the @entity5 consisted of @entity652 of the rectoanal region. In ten other @entity235 (3%) a differential diagnosis of @entity1960 had to be made. @entity1960 and @entity14 were more prevalent in Boxers, German Shepherds, Poodles, Great Danes and Spaniels. In the Boxers simple chronic @entity1960 , as well as @entity235 histiocytic ulcerative @entity1960 were more frequently found, the latter especially in females. Other biopsy findings were @entity4 , crypt cysts, @entity548 , an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and an increased or decreased number of goblet cells.

title: The histological appearance of large intestinal biopsies in @entity235 with clinical signs of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis', 'lymphosarcoma or colitis', 'eosinophilic colitis', 'Atrophic colitis', 'diffuse colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous colitis']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['large bowel disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity519 related to @entity1363 sedation during @entity344 . This single blind randomized placebo control clinical trial, carried out on 180 @entity1 who referred to endoscopy clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital for selective @entity344 from April to July in 2008. Informed consents obtained from all @entity1 . @entity1 under 18-years-old, @entity28 , previous history of @entity565 , @entity24584 and cigarette smoking were excluded. Arterial hemoglobin saturation controlled by finger probe pulse oximetry. After pharyngeal @entity3303 spray, @entity1363 was administered intravenously in case group and @entity1 in controlled group received placebo. Demographic characteristics and other variables were recorded in a questionnaire and data analyzed using SPSS software. @entity344 and @entity158 were major indications of endoscopies. The most common endoscopic diagnoses were deudonitis, @entity2910 or @entity354 . No @entity1 had any serious episode of @entity519 and the incidence of mild @entity519 was not significant in both studied group (p = 0.823). There was no significant difference in arterial @entity26 saturation recorded by the three endoscopists (p = 0.734). Our data showed that optimal dose of sedation had no @entity519 . So that, we recommend sedative endoscopy in @entity1 without risk factors for @entity519 .

title: Assessment the effect of XXXX sedation on @entity519 during @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal endoscopy', 'Gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophagial reflux']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some uterine @entity4348 exhibit a distinctive morphological phenotype characterised by the formation of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) glands. Immunohistochemical studies have suggested that @entity1949 -type changes represent an epithelial-mesenchymal transition which has been associated with @entity984 activation in various @entity5 . AIMS: To investigate the molecular characteristics of @entity5 showing @entity1949 , with particular reference to the frequencies of @entity984 and @entity817 mutations and of @entity124 ( @entity124 ). METHODS: @entity124 , and @entity984 and @entity817 mutation status, were assessed in 33 low-grade @entity1204 showing @entity1949 features and the results compared with 33 control cases exhibiting a 'conventional' pattern of myometrial invasion. Standard histological parameters were also reviewed. RESULTS: Tumours with a @entity1949 pattern of myometrial invasion showed more frequent vascular invasion and focal mucinous differentiation. @entity984 mutations were more frequent in @entity1949 positive than @entity5 (45% vs 30%), but this difference was not statistically significant. @entity817 mutations were not identified in any of the cases. @entity124 was identified in 20% of cases overall but did not correlate with the @entity1949 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity984 and @entity817 genes are not directly implicated in the development of a @entity1949 pattern of invasion in @entity1204 . However, RAS-associated signalling pathways could be activated through other genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. The characterisation of such alterations may become increasingly important as novel therapies are developed that target mediators involved in @entity5 invasion.

title: @entity984 mutation and @entity124 in XXXX showing MELF-type myometrial invasion.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic, elongated and fragmented', 'MELF']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial tumours', 'MELF negative tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the outcome and @entity137 of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after airway stents were placed in @entity1 treated for malignant @entity1224 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2004 and 2009, we performed airway stenting followed by EBRT in 43 @entity1 for symptomatic primary @entity2 (n = 31) or other @entity5 (n = 12). The median time interval between stent placement and first irradiation was 14 days. A median total dose of 50 Gy was delivered. Sixty-seven percent of the @entity1 had reduced performance status (Karnofsky performance score,  <=70). RESULTS: EBRT had to be stopped prematurely in 16 @entity1 (37%), at a median total dose of 17 Gy, for various reasons. In this group of @entity1 , the survival was poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of only 21 days. Twenty-seven @entity1 (63%) completed radiotherapy as planned, with a median OS of 8.4 months. Fourteen of 43 @entity1 (33%) developed at least one Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event of grade 3 to 5. The most common event was a malignant restenosis of the stent leading to @entity1763 (n = 7), followed by @entity292 formation (n = 4), @entity39 (n = 3), @entity1764 with @entity733 (n = 1), secondary nonmalignant airway stenosis (n  = 1), and hemoptysis (n = 1). With the exception of one event, all events were associated with a local progression of the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the long-term prognosis for @entity1 with malignant @entity1224 is poor, airway stenting combined with EBRT offers a possible therapeutic option, achieving fast relief of @entity649 with an associated antitumor effect, resulting in a potential survival benefit. However, due to local advanced @entity5 growth, increased rates of adverse events are to be expected, necessitating careful monitoring.

title: Safety and efficacy of thoracic external beam radiotherapy after airway stenting in malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'thoracic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: @entity12741 preparations from three commercial sources were found to be essentially similar when tested primarily against a set of 40 cultures, including 10 of @entity880 bacteria, 4 of @entity375 , 12 of gram-positive non- @entity880 bacteria, and 14 of gram-negative bacteria. The compound was effective at pH less than or equal to 7.0 and progressively ineffective at pH greater than 7.0. The @entity880 bacteria were essentially unaffected by concentrations between 100 and 350 micrograms/ml over the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. Of the 12 gram-positive non- @entity880 bacteria, 11 were inhibited by 300 micrograms/ml at pH less than or equal to 7.0. The three @entity375 and the 13 gram-negative bacteria that grew at pH 5.5 were inhibited by 200 micrograms/ml. @entity12741 was ineffective against four clostridia under anaerobic conditions. It was lethal for gram-negative bacteria and generally inhibitory for gram-positive bacteria. Nongrowing cells were not affected. The effectiveness of @entity12741 was considerably less in brain heart infusion broth, Trypticase soy agar, and cooked-meat medium than in nutrient broth or plate count agar. The antimicrobial activity was antagonized by @entity413 , @entity598 , and @entity9266 but not by @entity12742 . As an antimicrobial agent, @entity12741 was clearly more effective against gram-negative bacteria, @entity375 , and molds than against gram-positive bacteria.

title: Antimicrobial properties of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity12741 :: ('MESH:D003931', 'Chemical') :: ['Diacetyl', 'diacetyl']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['gluconic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12741 :: (MESH:D003931,Chemical) :: ['diacetyl']


abstract: @entity1252 is a common @entity792 , with kidney involvement a serious complication associated with poor prognosis. Humoral immune responses constitute the hallmark of disease, however T helper cells are required for the generation of autoantibodies, as well as the induction and progression of @entity8 . Administration of @entity16307 to genetically intact @entity19 results in the development of hypergammaglobulinaemia with the production of @entity1252 like autoantibodies and proliferative @entity631 , with similarities to @entity1 @entity1988 . TLRs are intricately linked to the development of @entity792 and are involved in the development of @entity1988 . We injected wild type, @entity14540 -/- and @entity1990 -/- @entity19 with @entity16307 and assessed cellular and humoral @entity792 and @entity8 , 8 months later. @entity14540 -/- @entity19 demonstrated a predominant decrease in @entity630 cytokine production which resulted in decreased anti-RNP antibody levels, while anti-dsDNA levels remained intact. Compared to wild type @entity19 treated with @entity16307 , functional and histological @entity8 and glomerular immunoglobulin and complement deposition was decreased in @entity14540 -/- @entity19 . @entity1990 -/- @entity19 demonstrated a global decrease in both @entity630 , IFNy, and Th17 associated @entity636 and @entity777 cytokine production. Autoantibody levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP were both decreased. @entity8 was attenuated in @entity1990 -/- @entity19 which demonstrated less glomerular immunoglobulin and complement deposition. These results demonstrate that both @entity14540 and @entity1990 are required for 'full-blown' @entity792 and @entity130 in experimental @entity1252 induced by @entity16307 .

title: @entity14540 and @entity1990 are required for the development of XXXX and @entity1988 in @entity16307 @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the steadily progressive development of resistance to the drugs used for treatment, @entity6368 remains a medical concern. @entity21632 is a 6' @entity21633 analogue of @entity6760 with potent activity against @entity114 sensitive and resistant strains of @entity6368 . GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To compare the efficacy of 250 mg @entity21632 i.m. versus 250 mg @entity2756 i.m. for single dose therapy for @entity1 and @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity2954 . STUDY DESIGN: Dual-center, randomized comparative trial. RESULTS: Among evaluable male @entity1 with urethral @entity2954 , 36 of 40 (90%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 76%-97%) who were treated with @entity21632 were cured, and 22 of 22 @entity1 (100%, [85%-100%]) treated with @entity2756 were cured. Among evaluable female @entity1 with cervical @entity2954 all were cured following @entity21632 (23 of 23) and following @entity2756 therapy (13 of 13). The cure rates for pharyngeal @entity2954 were 67% (8 of 12 @entity1 , 35%-90%) for @entity21632 therapy, and 100% (2 of 2) with @entity2756 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21632 , 250 mg i.m., is effective, and well tolerated. However, for treatment of uncomplicated genital and pharyngeal @entity2954 , it is not as reliable for therapy as other recommended regimens.

title: Efficacy of 250 mg XXXX i.m. vs. 250 mg @entity2756 i.m. for treatment of uncomplicated @entity2954 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity21632 :: ('MESH:C043267', 'Chemical') :: ['Trospectomycin sulfate', 'trospectomycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity21632 :: (MESH:C043267,Chemical) :: ['trospectomycin sulfate']


abstract: @entity8 is a common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity7087 ). The poor prognosis is due to @entity101 and rapid deterioration of renal function. Therefore bilateral nephrectomy followed by hemodialysis and transplantation are proposed to avoid fatal outcome. The authors describe the case of a 37 year-old male suffering from @entity7087 , and who developed @entity101 and @entity177 . The renal biopsy and biological investigations showed @entity9818 . The plasma @entity916 activity was in a very high range. Control of @entity101 and improvement of renal function were obtained by major antihypertensive drugs, i.e. intra-muscular @entity1338 , @entity1169 and @entity11848 . 14 months later, plasma @entity1011 is 2 mg/100 ml and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. This case and similar ones reviewed in the literature demonstrate that bilateral nephrectomy should be performed in " @entity8 " only after failure of very potent antihypertensive therapy.

title: [Resolution of @entity8 with XXXX . Case report (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal involvement', 'scleroderma renal crisis']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'malignant hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']


abstract: @entity534 is metabolized by two pathways: 1) by @entity842 synthase (NOS) to @entity842 (NO) and 2) by arginase forming @entity1133 and @entity10608 . Inflammatory responses may involve a balance between the pathways, as NO is cytotoxic and vasodilatory and @entity10608 is a promoter of cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. In experimental @entity631 we have previously shown that NOS is activated in nephritic glomeruli. We have now examined both pathways of @entity534 metabolism to study competition for @entity534 , temporal variation, and the sources of NOS and arginase. Acute in situ @entity631 was induced in @entity35 , and glomeruli were studied at 1, 4, and 7 days. Both NOS and arginase activities were present. There was temporal variation: NOS activity was highest on day 1 and arginase activity on day 4; both declined by day 7. Competition between the pathways was demonstrated by increased urea synthesis in the presence of @entity7293 , an inhibitor of NOS. Measurement of NOS and arginase activities in macrophages isolated from nephritic glomeruli showed that these cells were a major source of glomerular NOS but not arginase activity. In contrast, high arginase activity but low NO production was identified in cultured @entity35 glomerular mesangial cells. These studies show differential temporal variation in expression of NOS and arginase pathways of @entity369 metabolism in experimental @entity631 . We have found two factors that may contribute to this: 1) competition for substrate @entity534 between the two pathways and 2) different cellular sources. We hypothesize that the balance between these pathways is a mechanism regulating injury, hemodynamics, and mesangial cell proliferation.

title: @entity369 metabolism in experimental @entity631 : interaction between XXXX synthase and arginase.

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine', 'L-Arginine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity3610 represents 80% of @entity249 cases. Treatment initially includes preconception guidelines, such as lifestyle changes ( @entity353 ), @entity1501 therapy to prevent the risk of fetal neural tube defects and halting the consumption of @entity286 and @entity285 . The first-line pharmacological treatment for inducing ovulation consists of a @entity4082 treatment for timed intercourse. The second-line pharmacological treatment includes the administration of exogenous gonadotropins or laparoscopic ovarian surgery ( @entity43 ). Ovulation induction using @entity4082 or @entity4083 is effective with cumulative live birth rates of approximately 70%. @entity43 should be performed when laparoscopy is indicated; this procedure is typically effective in approximately 50% of cases. Finally, a high-complexity reproduction treatment (in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is the third-line treatment and is recommended when the previous interventions fail. This option is also the first choice in cases of bilateral tubal occlusion or semen alterations that impair the occurrence of natural pregnancy. Evidence for the routine use of @entity2449 in @entity249 treatment of anovulatory @entity1 with @entity3610 is not available. Aromatase inhibitors are promising and longer term studies are necessary to prove their safety.

title: Treatment of @entity249 in XXXX with @entity3610 : approach to clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'Polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'anovulatory infertility']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian drilling', 'Ovarian drilling']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropins']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We describe the detection and investigation of an outbreak involving a multi-drug-resistant @entity3064 (A.) baumannii clone in the neurological intensive care unit (ICU) at the University hospital Rostock (Germany). The bacteria were isolated from 7 ICU @entity1 within 20 weeks, six of them showing signs of @entity55 . Among 24 tested antibiotics, the isolates were only susceptible to colistin. An epidemiological investigation revealed the presence of multi-drug-resistant A. BAUMANNII isolates in 13 of 37 samples from medical devices, @entity1 -associated objects and room equipment from the @entity1 ' environment. When investigating the source of this strain in our hospital, we found that it first appeared three years before. Since then it has caused @entity281 in the medical and neurological ICUs prior to the presented outbreak. The identity of all isolated strains with the novel clone was demonstrated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). A multimodal intervention program was introduced by the hygiene staff on the affected ICU. It included consequent enforcement of standard hygiene precautions, repeated staff education and elaborated disinfection protocols specifically addressing the @entity1 ' environment. The procedures led to cessation of A. baumannii detection in environmental samples. Thereafter, the outbreak was cleared within 20 weeks.

title: [Management of an Outbreak with Cases of @entity55 Caused by a Novel Multi-Drug-Resistant XXXX Clone].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['acinetobacter']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: The a-subunit of Go2 is a regulator of @entity935 (DA) homeostasis. Deletion of the protein results in an imbalance of the direct and indirect DA pathway by reducing D1 and increasing D2 receptors. As a result, @entity2072 -induced behavioral sensitization is abolished. Here we show that repeated @entity4944 injections in Go2a-/- @entity19 induced a similar @entity25252 ratio shift as @entity2072 but surprisingly the knockouts developed normal behavioral sensitization. DA receptor signaling following either @entity2072 or @entity4944 treatment was also similar in Go2a-/- @entity19 suggesting another mechanism involved in the differential behavioral response. Evidence is increasing that DA- @entity2227 interactions in the striatum determine psychostimulant action. In this line, repeated @entity4944 injections led to a twofold increase in the amount of the @entity143 receptor subunit @entity13430 in Go2a-/- @entity19 resulting in an enhanced inhibition of the indirect DA pathway. This effect is not seen after @entity2072 treatment. Furthermore, @entity4944 but not @entity2072 treatment maintained the ratio between the @entity2227 receptor @entity10337 interacting proteins Homer and Homer1a in the knockouts thereby sustaining the direct pathway. We conclude that @entity4944 provokes behavioral sensitization in Go2a-/- @entity19 by an enhanced inhibition of the indirect pathway without disturbing the direct pathway thereby overcoming the imbalance in the DArgic system.

title: @entity4944 regulates XXXX expression in Go2a knockout @entity19 and thereby sustains behavioral sensitization.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity13430 :: (14812(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NR2B']


abstract: As many as 45% of @entity1 with major @entity308 also meet DSM-IV criteria for @entity162 ( @entity162 ) disorder. Although some clinicians advocate using a mood stabilizer in treating @entity162 , antidepressant monotherapy has been less well studied in this disorder. As part of a prospective, placebo-controlled, relapse-prevention study in 839 @entity1 , the efficacy and safety of short- and long-term @entity905 treatment in @entity1 with @entity162 compared with @entity1 with @entity308 was retrospectively examined. Eighty-nine @entity162 @entity1 (mean age, 41+/-11 years) were compared with 89 age- and gender-matched UP @entity1 and with 661 unmatched UP @entity1 (mean age, 39+/-11 years). All received short-term @entity905 therapy at 20 mg daily for up to 12 weeks. Complete remission was defined as a final Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 score < or = 7 by week 9 that was then maintained for 3 additional weeks. Remitted @entity1 were then randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with one of the following: (1) @entity905 20 mg daily for 52 weeks; (2) @entity905 for 38 weeks, then placebo for 14 weeks; (3) @entity905 for 14 weeks, then placebo for 38 weeks; or (4) placebo for 52 weeks. Antidepressant efficacy was similar in BP and UP @entity1 during short-term therapy. Discontinuation for lack of efficacy was lower in @entity162 (5%) than in UP (12%) @entity1 (p = not significant [NS]), whereas dropouts for adverse events were similar in @entity162 (11%) and UP (9%) @entity1 . During long-term relapse-prevention therapy, relapse rates were similar in @entity162 and UP @entity1 (p = NS). During short-term @entity905 therapy, three @entity162 (3.8%) versus no matched UP (p = NS) and 0.3% unmatched UP (p = 0.01) @entity1 had a " @entity162 switch." During long-term @entity905 therapy, one (2%) @entity162 and three (1%) unmatched UP @entity1 (one taking placebo) had a @entity162 switch (p = NS). In conclusion, @entity905 may be a safe and effective antidepressant monotherapy for the short-term treatment of @entity162 with a relatively low @entity162 switch rate. @entity905 may also be effective in relapse-prevention therapy in @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX in treating @entity162 major @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'BP II major depression', 'bipolar II', 'BP II disorder', 'BP II', 'BP II depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'unipolar (UP) major depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: The authors have treated 51 cases of @entity281 arising after intramedullary nailing of the femur or @entity2091 . In 3 cases amputation was required, 48 united, but 10 were still draining. The final result was obtained after an average of 15 months. An average of four procedures per @entity1 were needed. All the cases were septic non-unions at the onset of treatment, except 18 cases which had already united. In these cases, simple removal of the femoral nail led to rapid healing. In contrast, healing was less easy to obtain in the @entity2091 . In 33 septic non-unions, 12 femoral and 21 tibial, the best results at the femoral level were obtained by retaining the nail in situ. At the tibial level, retention of the nail was rarely followed by bony union. Removal of the nail and the use of external fixation gave good results for the @entity281 , but rarely resulted in bony union (1 case out of 14). The failures were treated by further operation of bone resection and grafting. The authors recommend, in cases of tibial septic non-union after nailing that primary removal of the nail should be associated with bony resection and external fixation, followed by reconstructive grafting, either by open cancellous grafting extending to the fibula or conventional tibio fibular grafting. In 8 cases, 7 in the femur and 1 in the @entity2091 , the @entity281 extended throughout the entire diaphysis and in 3 of these cases, a large diaphyseal resection was required.

title: [ XXXX following centro-medullary nailing of diaphyseal femoral and tibial fractures].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Infection']


abstract: The genome of @entity958 contains five genes ( @entity22183 to @entity22184 ) encoding @entity4664 oxidase (PAO) which is an enzyme responsible for @entity4664 catabolism. To understand the individual roles of the five AtPAOs, here we characterized their tissue-specific and space-temporal expression. @entity22183 seems to have a specific function in flower organ. @entity22185 was expressed in shoot meristem and root tip of seedlings, and to a higher extent in the later growth stage within restricted parts of the organs, such as shoot meristem, leaf petiole and also in anther. The expression of @entity22186 was constitutive, but highest in flower organ. @entity22186 promoter activity was detected in cotyledon, distal portion of root, boundary region of mature rosette leaf and in filaments of flower. @entity22187 was expressed at higher level all over young seedlings including roots, and in the mature stage its expression was ubiquitous with rather lower level in stem. @entity22184 expression was observed in the whole plant body throughout various growth stages. Its highest expression was in flowers, particularly in sepals, but not in petals. Furthermore, we determined the substrate specificity of @entity22183 to @entity22187 . None of the AtPAO enzymes recognized @entity7224 (Put). @entity22185 and @entity22186 showed almost similar substrate recognition patterns in which the most preferable substrate is @entity11667 ( @entity18162 ) followed by less specificity to other @entity22188 tested. @entity22187 seemed to be @entity8037 (Spm)-specific. More interestingly, @entity22183 preferred @entity22189 (T-Spm) and @entity22190 (NorSpm) to Spm, but did not recognize Spd. Based on the results, the individual function of AtPAOs is discussed.

title: Characterization of five XXXX oxidase isoforms in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity22189 :: ('MESH:C021097', 'Chemical') :: ['thermospermine']

entities_list: @entity22190 :: ('MESH:C017921', 'Chemical') :: ['norspermine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity22188 :: ('CHEBI:39166', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4664 :: (CHEBI:60143,Chemical) :: ['polyamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether significant reduction in bone mass is detectable in @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to examine the possible influences of disease activity and @entity717 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). METHODS: LS and FN @entity79 values were measured and Z scores determined in a cross-sectional study of 104 @entity1 with @entity309 of less than five years duration. @entity79 values were also compared between a subgroup of 64 @entity1 and a normal control group matched for age, sex, menopausal status and body mass. @entity79 values and Z scores were correlated with disease activity, measured by the Stoke Index, disability, measured by HAQ score, and disease duration. RESULTS: Premenopausal female @entity1 with @entity309 had significantly reduced mean FN Z scores (-0.62, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.94) which correlated with HAQ scores (Rs 0.358, p = 0.05) and age (Rs 0.397, p = 0.03). There were no significant changes of @entity79 in males or postmenopausal females. Disease duration and disease activity did not correlate with @entity79 changes. CONCLUSION: @entity79 is reduced in premenopausal female @entity1 with early @entity309 possibly related to the attainment of peak bone mass. No significant reduction of @entity79 was found in males or postmenopausal females with @entity66 . @entity717 but not disease activity appears to play a role in the reduction of FN bone mass.

title: Bone mineral density in nonsteroid treated early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Physical disability', 'physical disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The @entity137 and efficacy of @entity3761 given daily as @entity19141 ( @entity7678 ) prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who cannot take @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity8312 -SMX) have not been fully evaluated. We compared 155 HSCT recipients who received daily @entity3761 as second-line @entity7678 prophylaxis with 310 matched control @entity1 who received @entity8312 -SMX throughout the posttransplantation course. Among @entity1 who started @entity3761 before transplantation because of @entity8312 -SMX @entity566 , there was no difference in the transfusion requirement after HSCT when compared with controls. Among @entity1 who started @entity3761 after transplantation, increased red blood cell ( P<.0001) and platelet transfusion ( P=.003) requirements were noted compared with controls. This effect was, however, limited to @entity1 who were receiving @entity3761 for reasons (mostly @entity1398 ) other than @entity8312 -SMX @entity566 . Two of 155 @entity1 developed @entity7678 , compared with 0 of 310 controls ( P=.11); both @entity1 survived. In conclusion, the efficacy of daily @entity3761 in preventing @entity7678 was similar to that observed in @entity1 able to remain on @entity8312 -SMX prophylaxis. @entity3761 did not seem to cause @entity1503 among @entity8312 -SMX-- @entity56 @entity1 . The observed higher transfusion need in @entity1 who received @entity3761 for reasons other than @entity8312 -SMX @entity566 seems mostly due to an underlying condition of poor marrow reserve. Further studies are required to establish whether the drug has an etiologic role in these situations.

title: @entity137 and efficacy of daily @entity3761 as XXXX prophylaxis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3761 :: ('MESH:D003622', 'Chemical') :: ['Dapsone', 'dapsone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jiroveci']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity19141 :: (MESH:D016720,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis jiroveci']