abstract: INTRODUCTION: IgG anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (IgG anti- @entity1675 ) antibodies are present in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and may link inflammatory disease activity and the increased risk of developing @entity731 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in these @entity1 . We carried out a rigorous analysis of the associations between IgG anti- @entity1675 levels and disease activity, drug therapy, serology, damage, mortality and @entity65 events in a large British @entity1252 cohort. METHODS: Serum IgG anti- @entity1675 levels were measured in 100 healthy controls to define a cut-off for positivity. In 499 @entity1 with @entity1252 we obtained the earliest stored serum sample from their disease course and measured IgG anti- @entity1675 level. We then examined associations between IgG anti- @entity1675 positivity in early disease and the development of damage, @entity65 or @entity204 over a mean follow-up period of 12.1  years in these @entity1 . In a separate study, we measured IgG anti- @entity1675 levels in 397 samples taken longitudinally from 49 @entity1 with @entity1252 over a mean period of 89  months of fluctuating disease activity and carried out multi-variable analysis to examine the demographic, serological, disease activity and treatment factors associated with IgG anti- @entity1675 level over time. RESULTS: In the longitudinal study, IgG anti- @entity1675 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with persistently active disease, those on high dose @entity228 and those not taking @entity6383 . Of the 499 subjects who had early disease IgG anti- @entity1675 levels measured, 135 (27%) were positive. However, we found no convincing associations between early IgG anti- @entity1675 positivity and development of damage, mortality or @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: IgG anti- @entity1675 developed early in a quarter of our @entity1 with @entity1252 , but this had no major impact on subsequent clinical outcomes. However, levels of IgG anti- @entity1675 vary over time and are associated with disease activity, treatment with high dose @entity228 and not taking @entity6383 .

title: IgG anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies in @entity1 with XXXX are associated with disease activity and @entity228 therapy: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6893 uptake by the thyroid gland is mediated by the @entity22598 symporter ( @entity49507 ). In the present report, we have analysed the factors that modulate @entity1 @entity49507 mRNA expression and @entity6893 uptake in primary thyroid follicular cell (TFC) cultures. In addition, @entity49507 mRNA tissue distribution was investigated. METHODS: Primary thyroid follicular cell cultures were treated with @entity1 recombinant TSH with or without cytokines for 72 h. Subsequently, @entity49507 gene expression and @entity6893 uptake were analysed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 125I uptake, respectively. @entity1 tissue samples were investigated for @entity49507 gene expression using both RT-PCR and Northern blotting. RESULTS: @entity1 TSH increased both @entity49507 gene expression and @entity6893 uptake in TFC cultures in a dose-dependent manner. Using concentrations of 0.1 U/l of hTSH, a minor increase in @entity49507 gene expression was detected without a detectable increase in @entity6893 uptake. @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity379 at concentrations of 10(5) U/l all inhibited TSH-induced @entity49507 gene expression and @entity6893 uptake. In these experiments, there was a good correlation between @entity49507 mRNA expression and @entity6893 uptake. Using RT-PCR higher levels of @entity49507 mRNA were detected in @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) compared to multi-nodular goitre tissue samples. Stomach and salivary gland tissue also expressed @entity49507 mRNA, whereas low levels were found in the mammary gland and extraocular muscle tissue. No expression was detected in the ovary, oesophagus, colon, extraocular fat or skin. In contrast, Northern blot analysis failed to detect @entity49507 in stomach, salivary gland, intestinal fat or non-toxic multi-nodular goitre tissue samples, although this was present in @entity2743 thyroid tissue. CONCLUSION: TSH upregulates @entity22598 symporter gene expression and @entity6893 uptake in primary thyroid follicular cell cultures, and this induction is modulated by cytokines. Variable levels of @entity22598 symporter mRNA are present in different tissue samples, with high expression evident in @entity2743 thyroid tissue.

title: Regulation and tissue distribution of the XXXX @entity22598 symporter gene.

entities_list: @entity22598 :: ('MESH:D012974', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity6893 :: ('CHEBI:16382', 'Chemical') :: ['iodide', 'Iodide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the result of intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) in @entity1 with extensive @entity5 . METHOD: From October 1989 through June 2000, 13 @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy, maximal surgery, and 10-15 Gy IOERT at a total of 18 sites. IOERT was used for palliative purposes in 5 @entity1 with @entity3 and in 3 others who were previously treated with external beam radiation (EBRT). The remaining five @entity1 received definitive IOERT. Postoperative EBRT of 35.4-45 Gy was given in 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 42 months (range = 18-63 months), 4 @entity1 were alive and without evidence of disease. Overall and 3 year actuarial survival rates were 31% (4/13) and 26%, respectively. Local control was achieved at 13/18 sites (72%). Poor prognostic factors included @entity3 , recurrent disease, and the absence of adjuvant EBRT. Two @entity1 with @entity3969 had 100% local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival without the addition of EBRT. CONCLUSION: A boost dose of IOERT allows for reduction in the dose of EBRT, thereby limiting growth-related morbidity without compromising local control or disease-free survival. Except for @entity3969 , which achieved 100% local control and disease-free survival, adjuvant EBRT is necessary for successful local control and survival in @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 . Based on this study and others, intraoperative irradiation should be considered for inclusion in prospective, multi-institutional trials designed to treat @entity5 in young @entity1 .

title: Intraoperative electron beam treatment for pediatric XXXX : The Ohio State University experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric tumors', 'localized malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developmental differences in short- and long-term responses to @entity158 , especially surgical @entity158 , have received minimal attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine postoperative responses in @entity35 of developmental ages paralleling the @entity1 to young adult @entity1 . METHODS: The withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament testing and withdrawal latency to hind-paw radiant heating were determined before and for various times after hind-paw incision in @entity35 2, 4, and 16 weeks of age. Control @entity35 of these ages were observed serially without surgery. RESULTS: In control animals, younger @entity35 were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and less sensitive to thermal stimulation. Paw incision resulted in similar changes to both types of stimulation in all age groups, peaking 4 h after surgery. However, the return to normal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, as measured by return of threshold to 80% of normal, occurred more quickly in 2-week-old than in 4- and 16-week-old animals. In contrast, there was no age difference for time to return to normal sensitivity to thermal stimulation after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The more rapid recovery of the younger animals from the mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests the presence of developmental differences in modulation of A-fiber sensitization after surgery. However, the lack of age difference in recovery of thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests that sensitization of @entity7183 input has a similar time course of resolution of @entity158 over the ages studied in this model. The neural bases for these developmental differences are under study and may lead to a better understanding of @entity158 during development and altered approaches to treatment of @entity282 in neonates and @entity1 .

title: Age-dependent responses to thermal @entity1931 and mechanical @entity1931 in a XXXX model of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity64 treatments are generally not curative, but rather alter @entity1 outcome over the entire range of functional measures. Dichotomizing outcome scales reduces computational complexity, but discards substantial outcome information, artificially privileges only a single health state transition as clinically meaningful, and often reduces study power. Newer approaches to endpoint analysis have several advantageous properties. Summary of Review- The global statistic assesses treatment effects on multiple outcome measures simultaneously. However, translating the global statistic multidimensional vector effect at the population level into benefit or harm expected in the individual @entity1 is problematic. Responder analysis adjusts outcome thresholds to @entity1 @entity64 severity at study entry, identifying achievable goals for each @entity1 . However, responder analysis still discards substantial outcome information. Shift analysis gauges change in outcome distributions over the full range of ascertained outcomes, incorporating benefit and harm at all health state transitions valued by @entity1 and clinicians, and often increasing study power. Translation of findings of shift analyses into clinically accessible terms may be accomplished using the recently developed joint outcome table specification technique, which yields the following values for the number needed to treat for 1 @entity1 to improve in a clinically important manner: @entity3931 in @entity510 , 6.8; coiling over clipping, 5.9; intra-arterial pro-urokinase in @entity2806 , 4.8; intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, 3.3. CONCLUSIONS: Dichotomized, global statistic, responder, and shift analyses each offer distinctive benefits and drawbacks. Choice of primary end point analytic technique should be tailored to the study population, expected treatment response, and study purpose. Shift analysis generally provides the most comprehensive index of a treatment's clinical impact.

title: Novel end point analytic techniques and interpreting shifts across the entire range of outcome scales in XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: CONTEXT: Teenage pregnancy remains a pressing social issue and public health problem in the United States. Low cognitive ability is seldom studied as a risk factor for adolescent childbearing. METHODS: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used in a matched-pairs nested case-control study comparing @entity1 who had a first birth before age 18 with those who did not. Significant differences in Armed Forces Qualifications Test scores and in reproductive and social intervening variables were determined using chi-square analyses and t-tests. Multiple logistic regression models determined the independent effects of specific factors on early childbearing. RESULTS: @entity1 who had their first birth before age 18 had significantly lower cognitive scores than others; @entity1 with a second birth before age 20 had significantly lower scores than those with one teenage birth. On average, @entity1 with the lowest cognitive scores initiated sexual activity 1.4 years earlier than those with the highest cognitive scores. Among those who had had a sexuality education course, a smaller proportion of @entity1 had scores in the first quartile for the overall sample than in the fourth quartile (20% vs. 28%); an even greater difference was seen among @entity1 who correctly answered a question about pregnancy risk (14% vs. 43%). Both poverty and @entity73 increased the odds of early childbearing. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity1 with @entity73 are at increased risk for early @entity458 . Further research is needed to design interventions that consider this population's specific information and support needs.

title: Association of early childbearing and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['low cognitive ability']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of sexual activity and early pregnancy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['low cognitive ability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoring normal physical functioning is a major therapeutic aim in the management of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). It is unknown, whether the extent of @entity32 quantified by musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) can predict current or future capacity for physical functioning. To answer this question we investigated the longitudinal relationship between physical function assessed by the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and the German 7-joint ultrasound score (US7S) in a prospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity309 (n   =   185 (46 with incident and 139 with @entity66 ) were followed for 30.9        9.1  months. Baseline and annual assessments comprised the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), @entity283 and US7S. The US7S includes semiquantitative measurements of @entity603 assessed by greyscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) in seven joints of the clinically dominant hand and foot, which are then aggregated in PD and @entity603 sum-scores (PDsynSS and GSsynSS). A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between GSsynSS, PDsynSS and @entity283 . We used standard and time-lag models to explore the association between @entity283 , and GSsynSS, PDsynSS and DAS28 measured at the same time or at the previous visit 12  months ago, respectively. RESULTS: When the standard model was applied, in univariate analyses @entity283 score was positively associated with GSsynSS and PDsynSS with b coefficients significantly higher in incident than in @entity66 . In multivariate analysis both synSSs were individually no longer significant predictors of @entity283 score. When using the time-lag model, after adjustment for the previous DAS28 or @entity283 score, both PDsynSS and GSsynSS were significantly and negatively associated with the current @entity283 . CONCLUSIONS: US7 PD and @entity603 sum-scores alone were positively associated with current functional status reflected by the @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity309 , and this relationship was stronger in @entity1 with @entity66 . When combined with the DAS28 or @entity283 , US7 PD and @entity603 sum-scores were predictive of the change in @entity283 score over one year.

title: The relationship between @entity603 quantified by an ultrasound 7-joint @entity32 score and physical disability in XXXX - a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent disease', 'early disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ', 'health assessment questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'GS synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Molecular biologic techniques are currently considered as new diagnostic and prognostic parameters with a sensitivity and specificity exceeding those of histologic and functional data currently used in clinical practice. The results in various clinical settings have been of limited value up to now. This study is an investigation of the use of tissue levels of RNA determined in routine clinical kidney biopsies as prognostic tools. The focus was on RNA encoding for molecules known to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity8 . Fresh kidney biopsy tissue was obtained from 52 @entity1 with various @entity8 . The GFR was followed for 12 mo. The extent of @entity631 and @entity82 in the biopsies was determined with quantitative digital image analysis. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments from each biopsy specimen were separated, and mRNA levels of @entity2533 , collagen I, collagen IV, and fibronectin were quantitated by real-time PCR. Correlations, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), between all variables tested at time biopsy were determined. To assess their prognostic value, these variables were correlated with the slope of GFR within several time intervals after biopsy. In addition, to evaluate the predictive value of the variables for outcome in individual @entity1 , differences for each variable were tested between @entity1 showing progressive decline in renal function (slope GFR < 0) and @entity1 showing stable or improving renal function over time (slope GFR >or= 0). In @entity740 , the extent of histologic damage correlated with the GFR at the time of biopsy (r = -0.44; CI -0.68 to -0.11), but it did not correlate with the slope expressing a change in GFR after the biopsy. Tubulointerstitial @entity2533 mRNA levels correlated with the rate of change in GFR between time of biopsy and 1 mo later (r = 0.41; CI, 0.07 to 0.67). The GFR at the time of biopsy correlated with the slope of change in GFR between time of biopsy and 12 mo later (r = -0.50; CI, -0.73 to -0.18). In @entity740 , glomerular fibronectin mRNA levels, in comparison with the GFR at time of biopsy, correlated relatively strongly with the slope of change in GFR between 3 and 12 mo (r = 0.50; CI, 0.16 to 0.74). @entity1 with favorable renal outcome after 12 mo showed significantly higher @entity2533 mRNA levels and lower proteinuria levels at time of biopsy (P < 0.05) than @entity1 with a progressive decline in renal function. This study shows that mRNA levels measured in kidney biopsies can function as prognostic tools in @entity1 @entity8 . In particular, relatively high levels of tubulointerstitial @entity2533 mRNA and glomerular fibronectin mRNA are associated with @entity5122 in renal function.

title: Renal mRNA levels as prognostic tools in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['less deterioration']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review records of 2702 @entity1 with @entity173 in a Singaporean hospital. METHODS: Medical records of 1905 @entity1 and 797 @entity1 , aged 50 to 112 (median, 78) years, who were admitted to a Singaporean hospital with an @entity173 (ICD9 820) between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed. RESULTS: Female @entity1 were significantly older than male @entity1 (p<0.0005). The trend for the median @entity1 age over the 10-year period has increased significantly in @entity1 (r=0.826, p=0.002) but not in @entity1 . Of the @entity173 , 49.4% were @entity2249 and 50.6% were intertrochanteric/ basicervical @entity174 . The rate of intertrochanteric/ basicervical @entity174 was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 (61.2% vs. 46.1%, p<0.0005). Increased age, @entity299 , @entity191 , and being Malay or Caucasian or Sikh were more likely to have intertrochanteric/basicervical @entity174 than @entity2249 . @entity2249 were usually treated with hemiarthroplasty (68.8%), cancellous screw fixation (20.6%), and conservative methods (20.5%), whereas intertrochanteric/basicervical @entity174 were usually treated with dynamic hip screw fixation (76.3%) and conservative methods (15.6%). 84 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 sustained a subsequent @entity173 on the contralateral side after a median interval of 2 (range, 0-8) years. 11 of these 110 @entity1 were already on @entity170 medication. CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity173 has increased, particularly among @entity1 , over the 10- year period. The rate of intertrochanteric/basicervical @entity174 was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 .

title: XXXX : 10-year review in a Singaporean hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck fractures', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fractures', 'osteoporotic hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic hip fractures']


abstract: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared the analgesic efficacy of oral @entity3522 resinate 0.5 mg.kg(-1) with @entity1443 15 mg/kg(-1) for control of @entity282 in paediatric @entity1 for outpatient bilateral myringotomy and tube insertion. @entity1443 , the most commonly used oral analgesic for paediatric @entity1 , was compared with a new palatable syrup formulation of @entity3522 . Sixty-three ASA 1 orA SA 2 @entity1 aged one year and above were randomly assigned to receive @entity3522 (Group A) or @entity1443 (Group B). The study drug was given 30 to 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with either inhalational sevoflurane or intravenous @entity4490 . All subjects received intravenous @entity3575 1 microg/kg(-1) intraoperatively. @entity282 was assessed by a blinded observer using the CHEOPS score on eye-opening, and then at 10, 30 and 60 minutes. @entity1 with a CHEOPS score > 7 received further @entity3575 1 microg x kg(-1). The number of cases requiring this "rescue" @entity1337 was recorded. Both groups were comparable in demographics, induction technique, duration of anaesthesia and time between premedication and induction of anaesthesia. Overall, CHEOPS scores were low for both groups at all times and did not differ between the groups at any time. Twenty per cent of the @entity3522 group and 27% of the @entity1443 group required rescue @entity1337 (not statistically significant). The efficacy of @entity3522 0.5 mg x kg(-1) and @entity1443 15 mg x kg(-1) as oral analgesic premedication for BMT was comparable in @entity1 receiving an anaesthetic which included intraoperative administration of @entity3575 1 microg x kg(-1).

title: @entity3522 or XXXX for @entity1337 in paediatric myringotomy outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and clinical outcome in organ-confined, node-negative urothelial @entity150 (UCB) in a post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial. To explore the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (MVAC) on outcome in the subset of @entity1 whose @entity5 exhibited LVI. @entity1 AND METHODS: Surgical and @entity5 factors were extracted from the operative and pathology reports of 499 @entity1 who had undergone radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity2558 -T2  N0 UCB in the @entity876 -MVAC trial (Southwest Oncology Group 4B951/NCT00005047). The presence or absence of LVI was determined by pathological examination of transurethral resection or RC specimens. Variables were examined in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for associations with time to recurrence (TTR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Among 499 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 4.9  years, a subset of 102 (20%) had @entity5 . Of these, 34 @entity1 had @entity2558 had pT2 disease. LVI was significantly associated with TTR with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.77; number of events (EV) 95; P = 0.01) and with @entity1349 with a HR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.31-3.11; EV 98; P = 0.001) after adjustment for pathological stage. Among 27 @entity1 with @entity5 who were randomised to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, receiving MVAC was not significantly associated with TTR (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.16-3.17; EV 7; P = 0.65) or with @entity1349 (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.11-1.83; EV 9; P = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: Our post hoc analysis of the @entity876 -MVAC trial revealed an association between LVI and shorter TTR and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity2558 -T2N0 disease. The analysis did not show a statistically significant benefit of adjuvant MVAC chemotherapy in @entity1 with LVI, although a possible benefit was not excluded.

title: Significance of lymphovascular invasion in organ-confined, node-negative urothelial XXXX : data from the prospective @entity876 -MVAC trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LVI-positive tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['cancer of the bladder']


abstract: Factors that influenced the infracommunity structure of @entity2439 parasitizing the pulmonate @entity4245 Helisoma anceps were studied over a 15-mo period; the guild included 8 species of parasites. Infracommunities were depauperate, with double patent @entity281 observed in only 7 of 1,485 infected snails; a total of 4,899 was examined. Halipegus occidualis-Haematoloechus longiplexus was the most common dual infection. Both species share the same definitive host and, in both cases, eggs are the infective stage for the @entity4245 . Switches and @entity281 in individual snails were observed, suggesting the occurrence of dynamic interactions within the guild. A dominance hierarchy was constructed based on field observations and experimental @entity281 . Echinostomatids were dominant; species without rediae in their life cycles were subordinates. Halipegus occidualis (which has rediae) was intermediate in dominance. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution and abundance of trematode infective stages indicate that not all the snails have the same probability of becoming infected. Habitat structure, behavior of the definitive host, the nature of the infective stages, and @entity4245 population dynamics (mortality, recruitment, and size structure) generated spatial and temporal heterogeneity in this system. As a consequence, predictions of the probabilities of interspecific interactions based on an analysis of observed and expected frequencies of @entity281 could be inappropriate unless the potential sources of heterogeneity are considered.

title: Guild structure of larval @entity2439 in the XXXX Helisoma anceps: patterns and processes at the individual host level.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections', 'infections', 'losses of infections']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematodes']

answer: @entity4245 :: (6615,Gene) :: ['snail']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) is known to possess several mechanisms whereby it can evade the normal host immune defences. In this study the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine, @entity1618 , was monitored following infection of a @entity19 keratinocyte cell line (PAM-212) and compared with the expression of two proinflammatory cytokines: @entity634 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity637 . The PAM-212 cells were infected at a multiplicity of 0.5 with a clinical isolate of @entity778 type 1, and the mRNA of the three cytokines was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) over the following 24 hr. By 12 hr postinfection the amount of @entity1618 mRNA had increased significantly to five-fold greater than that found in uninfected cells (P < 0.01), and this elevated level was maintained until at least 24 hr postinfection. In contrast, @entity634 and @entity637 mRNAs were not significantly up-regulated by the @entity2025 . Immunostaining with an @entity1618 monoclonal antibody (mAb) revealed that cytoplasmic @entity1618 protein had increased by 6-12 hr postinfection. This quantity was further increased at 24 hr postinfection, when the viral cytopathic effect was apparent. Viral replication was necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for @entity1618 induction. Experiments with @entity778 mutants lacking functional transactivating factors suggested that the viral transactivating proteins ICP-0 and @entity2879 may be necessary for @entity778 -induced @entity1618 expression. Thus, the up-regulation in the expression of @entity1618 mRNA and protein induced by @entity778 early in the infection of keratinocytes represents a specific response and may be part of the viral strategy to avoid local immune defence mechanisms in the skin.

title: Infection of @entity19 keratinocytes with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces the expression of interleukin-10, but not interleukin-1 alpha or XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex virus', 'HSV']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: RATIONALE: (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F FDG-PET) facilitates examination of glucose metabolism. Previously, we described regional cerebral glucose hypometabolism using (18)F FDG-PET in @entity1 with Glucose transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS). We now expand this observation in Glut1 DS using quantitative image analysis to identify the @entity302 network based on the regional distribution of glucose hypometabolism. METHODS: (18)F FDG-PET scans of 16 Glut1 DS @entity1 and 7 healthy @entity1 were examined using @entity12945 ( @entity12945 ). Summed images were preprocessed for statistical analysis using MATLAB 7.1 and @entity12945 2 software. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed to validate @entity12945 results. RESULTS: Visual analysis of the (18)F FDG-PET images demonstrated prominent regional glucose hypometabolism in the thalamus, neocortical regions and cerebellum bilaterally. Group comparison using @entity12945 analysis confirmed that the regional distribution of @entity60451 was present in thalamus, cerebellum, temporal cortex and central lobule. Two mildly affected @entity1 without @entity302 had hypometabolism in cerebellum, inferior frontal cortex, and temporal lobe, but not thalamus. Glucose hypometabolism did not correlate with age at the time of PET imaging, head circumference, CSF glucose concentration at the time of diagnosis, @entity13897 , or CNS score. CONCLUSION: Quantitative analysis of (18)F FDG-PET imaging in Glut1 DS @entity1 confirmed that hypometabolism was present symmetrically in thalamus, cerebellum, frontal and temporal cortex. The hypometabolism in thalamus correlated with the clinical history of @entity302 .

title: Topography of @entity13897 and XXXX network in glucose transporter 1 deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity60451 :: ('MESH:D044882', 'Disease') :: ['glucose hypo-metabolism']

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['RBC glucose uptake']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['Statistical parametric Mapping', 'SPM']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Synthetic @entity842 donors are known to protect the gastric mucosa from damage and dietary @entity1507 is known to release NO in the stomach. Mast cells have been found to be involved in @entity1819 in @entity1 or in rodents, and recent studies have pointed out the possibility of @entity842 from endogenous or exogenous origin to modulate mast cell reactivity. This study aimed to determine whether the protective effect afforded by dietary @entity1507 against @entity1819 was linked to mast cell stabilization. Mast cell involvement in @entity8867 -induced @entity3621 was investigated in @entity35 receiving oral administration of @entity8867 together with the mast cell stabilizer @entity50780 (ip) or its solvent. The effects of dietary @entity1507 on mast cells during @entity3621 were investigated in @entity35 receiving @entity8867 orally, associated or not with KNO3. Control groups were given water instead of @entity8867 either with or without @entity59945 , @entity50780 or its solvent. After sacrifice, blood samples were taken to determine @entity18311 serum level and the stomach was resected in order to determine @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity and mucosal mast cell (MMC) number. @entity8867 significantly increased gastric @entity1589 activity but did not modify @entity18311 serum level or @entity1139 number. @entity50780 and KNO3 significantly reduced @entity8867 -induced increase in gastric @entity1589 activity, increased MMC number, and decreased @entity18311 serum level in basal conditions. Only @entity50780 was able to modify all parameters under inflammatory conditions. These results suggest that @entity842 released by dietary @entity1507 in the stomach stabilizes mast cells in basal conditions but exerts its protective effect against experimental @entity3621 through other pathways.

title: Effect of dietary @entity842 on gastric mucosal mast cells in absence or presence of an experimental @entity3621 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['Iodoacetamide', 'iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity50780 :: ('MESH:C010134', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxantrazole', 'doxantrazole']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the microbiologic profile, clinical course, treatment, and outcome in @entity1 with contact lens-associated microbial @entity1036 in the setting of a tertiary eye care center in a developing country in the Tropics. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series selected from an ongoing prospective series. @entity1 : Twenty-eight subjects examined in the contact lens clinic of L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, south India, between February 1991 and September 2000, who presented with corneal stromal infiltrate on slit-lamp examination, were included in the study. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent standard diagnostic microbiologic evaluation and smear and culture-guided topical antimicrobial therapy. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in some @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Culture results and clinical response to antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: Twenty eight (0.11%) of 23,889 contact lens-wearing @entity1 presented with laboratory-proven infectious @entity1036 ; this constituted 0.56% of 4967 corneal @entity1066 @entity1 seen during the same period. Most (15/28) of the @entity1 wore soft contact lenses on a daily basis. Rigid gas-permeable lenses were worn by six @entity1 , therapeutic bandage contact lenses by four, and Silsoft lenses by four. Laboratory results showed @entity2348 in 25 @entity1 (89.2%); Pseudomonas was the most common organism (13/25; 52%). Acanthamoeba, herpes simplex virus, and @entity11150 were isolated in one case each. Laboratory-based medical therapy led to the healing of @entity1066 in 24 (85.7%) of 28 @entity1 , whereas 4 @entity1 required penetrating keratoplasty. Most of the organisms were sensitive to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Contact lens-associated microbial @entity1036 is rare in southern India. Soft contact lens wear is the most common risk factor; @entity1036 is the predominant causative agent. @entity19415 are rare. The offending bacteria are usually sensitive to antibiotics, and the treatment outcome with medical therapy is good.

title: Trends in contact lens-associated microbial XXXX in Southern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis', 'Pseudomonas keratitis']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal, viral, and Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1949 is a likely contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 ( @entity4093 ) protects cells against limited nutrition by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which @entity4093 affects IVD cells. Therefore, we conducted an in vitro study using @entity1 IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. METHODS: Thirty-two IVD specimens were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention and were categorized based on Pfirrmann IVD degeneration grades. Cells were isolated from the NP and cultured in the presence of recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 (rhSIRT1) under different serum conditions, including 10  % (v/v) @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as normal nutrition (N) and 1  % (v/v) @entity2241 as @entity258 ( @entity258 ). @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) was used to inhibit autophagy. Autophagic activity was assessed by measuring the absorbance of @entity3764 and immunostaining and Western blotting for light chain 3 and @entity16402 / @entity16402 . Apoptosis and pathway analyses were performed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Cells cultured under @entity258 conditions decreased in number and exhibited enhanced autophagy compared with the N condition. Medium supplementation with rhSIRT1 inhibited this decrease in cell number and induced an additional increase in autophagic activity (P   <   0.05), whereas the combined use of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 resulted in drastic decreases in cell number and autophagy (P   <   0.05). The incidence of apoptotic cell death increased under the @entity258 , which was decreased by rhSIRT1 (P   <   0.05) but increased further by a combination of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 (P   <   0.05). Under @entity258 conditions, NP cells showed a decrease in antiapoptotic @entity588 and an increase in proapoptotic @entity589 , cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved @entity8187 , indicating apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway. These changes were suppressed by rhSIRT1 but elevated further by rhSIRT1 with @entity8836 , suggesting an effect of rhSIRT1-induced autophagy on apoptosis inhibition. Furthermore, the observed autophagy and apoptosis were more remarkable in cells from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade IV than in those from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 IVD NP cells, suggesting that rhSIRT1 may be a potent treatment agent for @entity1 @entity1797 .

title: Recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in XXXX intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Nutrient deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative IVD disease']

entities_list: @entity3764 :: ('MESH:C008542', 'Chemical') :: ['monodansylcadaverine']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low nutrition', 'LN', 'LN condition']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant phenotypical variability is observed in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The variability can not be fully explained by the genetic heterogeneity of the disease. We examined the influence of the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism, adducin Trp460Gly polymorphism and the association of both polymorphisms on the progression of @entity8 towards @entity454 ( @entity454 ). METHODS: 320 @entity8 @entity1 (pts) were analyzed, 220 pts (113 males, 107 females) with @entity454 before 63 years of age, with a subgroup (rapid progressors) of 20 pts (12 males, 8 females) with @entity454 before 40 years of age, 52 pts (23 males, 29 females) with @entity454 later than 63 years of age (slow progressors), 48 @entity8 pts (18 males, 30 females) with mean age +/-50 years with serum @entity1011 <110 micromol/l (slow progressors) and 200 genetically unrelated healthy Czech subjects. DNA samples from collected blood were genotyped for the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism and the Trp460Gly of alpha-adducin gene polymorphism. RESULTS: The alpha-adducin genotypes showed no differences among the groups of slow progressors (74% @entity4022 / @entity4022 , 22.9% @entity4022 /Trp and 3.1% Trp/Trp), pts with @entity454 before 63 years of age (67.7% @entity4022 / @entity4022 , 30.5% @entity4022 /Trp and 1.8% Trp/Trp) and rapid progressors (75% @entity4022 / @entity4022 , 25% @entity4022 /Trp). The @entity1289 genotypes did not differ among the groups of slow progressors (27.1% I/I, 44.8% I/D and 28.1% D/D), pts with @entity454 before 63 years of age (23.6% I/I, 51.4% I/D and 25% D/D) and rapid progressors (20% I/I, 55% I/D and 25% D/D). The distribution did not differ from the control group. The ages of @entity454 according to different genotypes did not significantly differ. We observed a significant tendency to better prognosis in Trp allele carriers for I/I genotype in comparison with @entity4022 / @entity4022 homozygous subjects. CONCLUSION: The @entity1289 and alpha-adducin polymorphisms do not play a significant role in the progression of @entity8 to @entity454 .

title: Influence of the alpha-adducin and @entity1289 gene polymorphism on the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radical cystectomy is considered as standard therapy for muscle- @entity150 . We present 10-year results of bladder-sparing treatment by conservative surgery and radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1982 through 1991, 245 consecutive @entity1 , mean age 66 years, with @entity150 (T2-3 or poor prognostic T1, no distant @entity3 ) entered a prospective protocol with the objective of bladder preservation. Treatment consisted of transurethral resection (complete, if possible) and definitive radiotherapy with 56 Gy maximum dose (50.4 Gy minimum target dose) in 28 fractions. Since 1985, 139 @entity1 received a simultaneous chemotherapy on 5 days in the first and fifth treatment week with either 25 mg/m2 @entity900 daily (79 @entity1 ) or 65 mg/m2 carboplatin (60 @entity1 ). Cystectomy was performed as salvage treatment for residual or recurrent invasive disease. The median follow-up at the date of analysis (12-31-92) was 5.9 years. RESULTS: The overall survival was 47% after 5 years and 26% after 10 years. The 5-year survival according to the initial T-category was 60% for T1 (44 @entity1 ), 64% for T2 (47 @entity1 ), 43% for T3 (127 @entity1 ), and 16% for T4 (23 @entity1 ). The most important single prognostic factor was the amount of @entity41 after TUR (5-year survival 80% after R0, 53% after R1, and 31% after R2 resection, p < 0.01). Chemotherapy increased the rate of complete remission, but had no impact on 5-year survival (52% vs. 50%). Fifty-three salvage cystectomies were performed, all without severe complications, and 192 @entity1 (79%) maintained a normal functioning bladder. The bladder preservation rate in 5-year survivors was 83%. CONCLUSIONS: Organ-sparing treatment of advanced @entity150 by transurethral surgery and definitive radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy is feasible and effective. The survival in this series is as good as in any comparable cystectomy series. Eighty-three percent of long-term survivors maintained their functioning bladders.

title: Organ-sparing treatment of advanced XXXX : a 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Oncogenic ras alleles are among the most common mutations found in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Previously, the role of oncogenic ras in @entity5 was assessed in model systems overexpressing oncogenic ras from heterologous promoters. However, there is increasing evidence that subtle differences in gene dosage and regulation of gene expression from endogenous promoters play critical roles in @entity5 pathogenesis. We characterized the role of oncogenic @entity984 expressed from its endogenous promoter in the hematopoietic system using a conditional allele and IFN-inducible, Cre-mediated recombination. @entity19 developed a completely penetrant @entity6961 characterized by leukocytosis with normal maturation of myeloid lineage cells; myeloid @entity1373 in bone marrow; and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver. Flow cytometry confirmed the myeloproliferative phenotype. Genotypic and Western blot analysis demonstrated Cre-mediated excision and expression, respectively, of the oncogenic @entity984 allele. Bone marrow cells formed growth factor-independent colonies in methylcellulose cultures, but the @entity66 was not transplantable into secondary recipients. Thus, oncogenic @entity984 induces a @entity6961 but not @entity3052 , indicating that additional mutations are required for @entity3052 development. This model system will be useful for assessing the contribution of cooperating mutations in @entity3052 and testing ras inhibitors in vivo.

title: Conditional expression of oncogenic @entity984 from its endogenous promoter induces a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder', 'myeloproliferative syndrome']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['myeloproliferative disease']


abstract: Older @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity933 receive suboptimal hospital care. Policy calls for more effective education to address this though there is little consensus on what this entails. The purpose of this clarification study is to explore how practice @entity25408 are constructed in relation to managing the @entity911 hospitalised older @entity1 . The intent is to inform educational processes in the work-place beyond traditional approaches such as training. Adopting grounded theory as a research method and working within a social constructionist paradigm we explored the practice @entity25408 of 15 healthcare professionals by interview and conducted five focus groups with @entity1 , carers and Liaison mental health professionals. Data were thematically analysed by constant comparison and theoretical sampling was undertaken until saturation reached. Categories were identified and pragmatic concepts developed grounded within the data. Findings were then further analysed using cultural historical activity theory as a deductive lens. Practice @entity25408 in relation to managing the @entity911 older @entity1 are determined by factors operating at individual (knowledge and skill @entity25408 , personal philosophy, task based practice), team (leadership, time and ward environmental factors) and organisational (power relationships, dominance of medical model, fragmentation of care services) levels. Conceptually, practice appeared to be influenced by socio-cultural ward factors and compounded by a failure to join up existing " @entity1 " knowledge amongst professionals. Applying cultural historical activity theory to further illuminate the findings, the central object is defined as learning about the @entity1 and the mediating artifacts are the care relationships. The overarching medical dominance emerges as an important cultural historical factor at play and staff rules and divisions of labour are exposed. Lastly key contradictions and tensions in the system that work against learning about the @entity1 are identified. Cultural historical activity theory can be used to advance understanding of practice @entity25408 in order to develop a broader transformative approach to @entity303 and @entity933 practice and education. Structural changes at an individual, team and systems level resulting from this novel understanding of practice complexity are proposed. Contradictions can be used as foci for expansive learning. Lastly, interprofessional education (formal and informal) is advocated to further knotwork and improve the care of the older @entity911 @entity1 .

title: Deconstructing @entity303 and XXXX hospital practice: using cultural historical activity theory to inform education approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: Prolonged and excessive glucocorticoids (GC) exposure resulted from @entity699 or GC therapy develops @entity1144 . Moreover, mitochondria are crucial in adipose energy homeostasis. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that @entity2383 may contribute to chronic GC exposure-induced @entity3892 in the present study. A total of thirty-six 5-week-old male C57BL/6J @entity19 (   20 g) were administrated with 100   g/ml @entity2819 ( @entity59190 ) or vehicle through drinking water for 4 weeks. Chronic @entity59190 exposure mildly decreased body weight without altering food and water intake in @entity19 . The epididymal fat accumulation was increased, but adipocyte size was decreased by @entity59190 . @entity59190 also increased plasma @entity59190 , insulin, leptin, and @entity14192 concentrations as measured by RIA or ELISA. Interestingly, @entity59190 increased plasma levels of @entity1674 and nonesterified @entity1718 , and up-regulated the expression of both lipolytic and lipogenic genes as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, @entity59190 impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in epididymal WAT. The reactive @entity26 species production was increased and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were reduced by @entity59190 treatment as well. Taken together, these findings reveal that chronic @entity59190 administration-induced @entity3892 is, at least in part, associated with @entity2383 in @entity19 epididymal white adipose tissue.

title: Chronic glucocorticoid exposure-induced @entity3892 is associated with XXXX in white adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) @entity1 on hemodialysis are highly prone to @entity65 , which accounts for roughly half of the mortality in these @entity1 . @entity731 begins many years before the development of clinical manifestations. Measurement of @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is a noninvasive procedure to detect early atherosclerotic changes. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between @entity1004 and cardiovascular risk factors and to investigate its prognostic significance in @entity740 @entity1 on hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out over a period of 18 months. Total 88 @entity1 on hemodialysis and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Biochemical assay and @entity1004 was assessed using the high resolution 7.5 MHz sonography technique in all subjects. RESULTS: Significant positive correlation was found with age, blood @entity1133 , serum @entity1011 , serum @entity412 , low-density lipoprotein, serum @entity3151 , serum @entity460 - @entity3151 product, serum @entity414 , 24 h urine protein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Negative correlation was found with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Adjusted hazards ratios of all cause and cardiovascular mortality for an increase of 0.1 mm in @entity1004 was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 0.15-9.09). @entity1 with @entity1004 value <0.97 mm had a renal survival rate of 73.4% while @entity1 with value >0.97 mm had a renal survival rate of 16.5%. CONCLUSION: @entity5507 is an additive risk factors in those subjects who have raised @entity1004 despite of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Impact of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness on Long-term Outcome in Hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fish is the major source of @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) for Finnish consumers. To estimate the @entity13728 contamination in fish that Finns regularly consume as food, a large-scale sampling was undertaken in 2009-2010. Altogether 207 samples of 17 edible fish species were collected from commercially and recreationally important fishing areas in the Baltic Sea, freshwater lakes, and farming facilities. The analysis of 15 @entity13728 congeners was performed in an accredited testing laboratory with high-resolution gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In all of the samples, the   15PBDE varied between 0.029 and 73 ng/g fw. The most abundant congeners were @entity52381 (average proportion 42%), -99 (8.4%), -100 (11%), -154 (5.6%), and -209 (27%). High levels of @entity13729 were observed in the Baltic Sea, off the coast of Pori, in Baltic herring, perch, pike, and pike-perch. Overall, the @entity13728 levels in Baltic and freshwater fish were low. The levels in farmed whitefish were slightly higher than in wild whitefish. The reasons for the high @entity13729 levels in Baltic herring in Pori and the elevated levels of @entity13727 in farmed whitefish should be investigated more thoroughly.

title: Levels and Congener Profiles of XXXX in Edible Baltic, Freshwater, and Farmed Fish in Finland.

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['polybrominated diphenyl ethers', 'PBDEs']

answer: @entity13727 :: (MESH:D055768,Chemical) :: ['PBDEs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the organization of multidisciplinary care pathways such as @entity14 care, an instrument was developed based on a recently published framework that was earlier used in analyzing (monodisciplinary) specialist @entity231 care from a lean perspective. METHODS: The instrument was constructed using semi-structured interviews and direct observation of the colorectal care process based on a Rapid Plant Assessment. Six lean aspects that were earlier established that highly impact process design, were investigated: operational focus, autonomous work cell, physical lay-out of resources, multi-skilled team, pull planning and non-value adding activities. To test reliability, clarity and face validity of the instrument, a pilot study was performed in eight Dutch hospitals. RESULTS: In the pilot it proved feasible to apply the instrument and generate the intended information. The instrument consisted of 83 quantitative and 24 qualitative items. Examples of results show differences in operational focus, number of @entity1 visits needed for diagnosis, numbers of staff involved with treatment, the implementation of protocols and utilization of one-stop-shops. Identification of waste and non-value adding activities may need further attention. Based on feedback from involved clinicians the face validity was acceptable and the results provided useful feedback- and benchmark data. The instrument proved to be reliable and valid for broader implementation in Dutch health care. The limited number of cases made statistical analysis not possible and further validation studies may shed better light on variation. CONCLUSIONS: This paper demonstrates the use of an instrument to analyze organizational characteristics in @entity14 care from a lean perspective. Wider use might help to identify best organizational practices for colorectal surgery. In larger series the instrument might be used for in-depth research into the relation between organization and @entity1 outcomes. Although we found no reason to adapt the underlying framework, recommendations were made for further development to enable use in different @entity5 - and treatment modalities and in larger (international) samples that allow for more advanced statistical analysis. Waste from defective care or from wasted @entity1 potential will need further elaboration of the instrument.

title: Development of an instrument to analyze organizational characteristics in multidisciplinary care pathways; the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) is an @entity409 of unknown pathogenesis. Consequently, therapeutic targets for @entity2835 have yet to be identified. Because CD4(+) T cells play a pivotal role in immunological dysfunction observed in @entity2835 , we analysed microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression in CD4(+) T cells to investigate @entity2835 pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets. METHODS: We performed integral miRNA and mRNA analysis of 14 @entity2835 @entity1 and 10 healthy controls using microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) with gene set enrichment analysis. The functional analyses of miRNA were then assessed using reporter and miRNA-overexpression assays. RESULTS: The integral analysis of miRNA and mRNA identified four significantly downregulated miRNAs (miR-181a, -181b, -374b, and -425) related to the T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway in CD4(+) T cells of @entity2835 . @entity8497 , a regulator of the TCR signalling pathway, was found to be targeted by all four identified miRNAs. In addition, in vitro assays confirmed that decreased @entity24628 strongly induced inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1199 and IFN-y) via @entity8497 upregulation in the TCR signalling pathway. CONCLUSION: We have identified the decreased expression of four miRNAs that dysregulate TCR signalling in @entity2835 CD4(+) T cells. @entity24628 was demonstrated as an inflammatory regulator of @entity2835 via @entity8497 upregulation. Therefore, the restoration of decreased @entity24628 or the suppression of @entity8497 may be promising for an immunotherapeutic strategy against @entity2835 . LAY SUMMARY: @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) is a refractory @entity409 with unknown pathogenesis. Four decreased microRNAs were identified to activate T cell receptor signalling pathway, and especially @entity24628 upregulated @entity8497 to promote inflammatory cytokines. Thus, @entity8497 inhibition could be an attractive and novel immunotherapeutic option for @entity2835 .

title: XXXX regulates inflammatory cytokine production in CD4+ T cells via @entity8497 upregulation in primary biliary cholangitis.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'Primary biliary cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver disease']

answer: @entity24628 :: (494337,Gene) :: ['miR-425']


abstract: Early admission and medical treatment can improve prognosis in @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ). In our Centre in 10 years, 595 @entity1 with @entity510 have been treated: 422 were admitted within 24 hours (71%) and 498 (84%) within 72 hours. 374 underwent surgical treatment: 283 within 48 hours and 91 underwent late surgery. Thirty-three @entity1 underwent emergency surgery for intracranial @entity1410 , with a mortality rate of 30%. One hundred eighty-one @entity1 in Hunt-Hess grade I-II underwent early surgery. Mortality rate was 7%. Mortality rate for rebleeding, when surgery was delayed was more than 10%. @entity1 in Hunt-Hess grade III underwent early surgery in the majority of cases (68 out of 111). Only in 52% of cases surgical result was good. Thirty-four out of 108 in grade IV-V underwent early surgery, with a mortality rate of 45%. The analysis of general results shows that early surgery improves prognosis in Hunt-Hess grade III @entity1 . Also @entity1 in Hunt-Hess grade III-IV-V can take advantage of early surgery. Old age, arterial @entity101 and angiographical @entity2553 do not worsen prognosis even in @entity1 operated on early. Endovascular treatment even in acute phase has improved results especially in cases of certain @entity439 types such as posterior circulation @entity439 .

title: [Therapeutic decisions and grading of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy can become a crucial therapeutic option to improve prognosis for @entity2 @entity1 . First clinical trials with therapies targeting the programmed cell death receptor @entity8395 and its ligand @entity4634 have shown promising results in several solid @entity5 . However, in @entity2 the diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of these immunologic factors remains unclear. METHOD: The impact of both factors was evaluated in a study collective of 321 clinically well-annotated @entity1 with @entity1149 (NSCLC) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity8395 expression by @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was found in 22%, whereas @entity5 cell associated @entity4634 expression was observed in 24% of the @entity5 . In Fisher's exact test a positive correlation was found for @entity4634 and @entity1836 protein expression (p = 0.013). Interestingly, @entity4634 expression on @entity5 cells was associated with improved overall survival in @entity957 (SCC, p = 0.042, log rank test), with adjuvant therapy (p = 0.017), with increased @entity5 size (pT2-4, p = 0.039) and with positive lymph node status (pN1-3, p = 0.010). These observations were confirmed by multivariate cox regression models. CONCLUSION: One major finding of our study is the identification of a prognostic implication of @entity4634 in subsets of NSCLC @entity1 with pulmonary SCC, with increased @entity5 size, with a positive lymph node status and NSCLC @entity1 who received adjuvant therapies. This study provides first data for immune-context related risk stratification of NSCLC @entity1 . Further studies are necessary both to confirm this observation and to evaluate the predictive value of @entity8395 and @entity4634 in NSCLC in the context of @entity8395 inhibition.

title: XXXX and @entity4634 Expression in NSCLC Indicate a Favorable Prognosis in Defined Subgroups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NSCLC tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

answer: @entity8395 :: (5133,Gene) :: ['PD-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the continuing increase in the use of definitive stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for @entity1 with limited brain metastases (BM), clinicians need more specific prognostic tools. We investigated clinical predictors of outcomes in @entity1 with limited @entity0 BM treated with SRS alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified 136 @entity1 with @entity0 and 1-3 BM who underwent definitive SRS for 186 BM between 2000 and 2012. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and local failure (LF). Associations between clinical factors and outcomes were tested using Cox regression. A point scoring system was used to stratify @entity1 based on @entity1349 , and the predictive power was tested with concordance probability estimate (CPE). RESULTS: The median @entity1349 was 17.6  months. The 12-month @entity177 and LF rates were 45% and 10%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, >1 lesion (hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.6, P=.02), @entity549 (HR=2.0, P=.006), and active @entity85 ( @entity85 ) (HR=2.7, P<.0001) were significantly associated with worse @entity1349 . The point score system was defined using proportional simplification of the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression function. The median @entity1349 for @entity1 with 3.0-4.0 points (n=37), 4.5-5.5 points (n=28), 6.0-6.5 points (n=37), and 8-8.5 points (n=34) were 9.2, 15.6, 25.1, and 45.1  months, respectively (P<.0001, CPE  =  0.72). Active @entity85 (HR=2.4, P=.0007) was significantly associated with @entity177 . Higher risk for LF was significantly associated with larger BM size (HR=3.1, P=.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with >1 BM, active @entity85 , and @entity549 had the highest risk of @entity204 after SRS. Active @entity85 is an important prognostic factor for @entity1349 and intracranial control.

title: Outcomes and prognostic factors in XXXX with 1 to 3 @entity0 treated with definitive stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['regional failure', 'RF']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'triple-negative (TN) disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Many materials and techniques have been used to prevent and repair intra-abdominal adhesions, but an effective solution has not been found. The aim of this study is to research the effect of @entity19271 on intra-abdominal adhesions in an experimentally induced intra-abdominal adhesion model. Twenty-four female @entity35 albino @entity35 were included in the study. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: the @entity19271 group (Group SX, n  =  8), the control group (Group C, n  =  8), and the sham group (Group S, n  =  8). After starvation for 1 night, the @entity35 were injected with a 50  mg/kg intramuscular dose of @entity3652 and a 5  mg/kg intramuscular dose of @entity4763 for anesthesia. The @entity35 in the SX group were given 3  mL @entity19271 into the peritoneal cavity, while @entity35 in the control group were given 3  mL 0.9% @entity2827 . In the sham group, the peritoneal cavity was opened, but no chemicals were administered. All @entity35 were sacrificed on the 10(th) postoperative day. The adhesions were staged as 0, 1, 2, and 3 according to Evans et  al.'s model. Our evaluation of macroscopic adhesion intensity found statistically significant differences between the groups. The @entity19271 group was observed to have fewer adhesions in a statistically significant manner compared with the control group (p  <  0.05). In our experimental intra-abdominal adhesion model in @entity35 , we observed that @entity19271 prevented @entity86 .

title: Effects of @entity19271 on the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative peritoneal adhesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A disparity exists between the incidence of @entity4559 reported in the open (15-30%) versus the laparoscopic (0-12%) literature. This disparity implies that a percentage of laparoscopic @entity1 will require a reoperation for accessory splenectomy. We present our experience with the laparoscopic management of @entity4559 discovered after primary splenectomy for @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 who underwent primary splenectomy for @entity3039 were reviewed (1 open, 16 laparoscopic). In the laparoscopic group, the incidence of @entity4559 was 3 in 16 (19%). In 1 of these 3 @entity1 , the accessory spleen was found and removed at the initial operation, whereas in 2 of the 16 @entity1 (13%), the @entity4559 were missed. A third @entity1 , whose initial operation was open, presented with recurrent @entity882 after primary splenectomy. After recurrent @entity882 developed, radio nuclide spleen scans were performed showing @entity4559 in all three @entity1 . These three @entity1 underwent accessory splenectomy using a four-port laparoscopic approach. RESULTS: Laparoscopic accessory splenectomy was successfully performed in all three @entity1 . Location of @entity4559 correlated with the spleen scan in each case. Mean operation time was 180 min. There were no conversions to open surgery and no complications. All @entity1 were discharged from the hospital on postoperation day 1. The three @entity1 had a good clinical response and were weaned effectively from their steroid medications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing a laparoscopic splenectomy for chronic @entity3039 have a higher probability of requiring a reoperation for a missed accessory spleen. To minimize missing an accessory spleen, a systematic search should be made at the beginning of the laparoscopic operation. We have found that preoperation imaging with heat-treated erythrocyte scans is valuable for locating @entity4559 before reoperation. When reoperation for accessory splenectomy is necessary, a laparoscopic approach is safe and effective.

title: Laparoscopic management of XXXX in @entity3039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['accessory spleens']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity4559 :: (MESH:D013160,Disease) :: ['accessory spleens']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe complications after resection for @entity1653 with the use of longitudinal administrative data, which our group has shown recently to be superior to nonlongitudinal administrative data. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity1653 between 2010 and 2012 in the Thomson Reuters MarketScan database. Current Procedural Terminology coding at inpatient visit was used to select for @entity1653 resection procedure. Comorbidities and complications were obtained by use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or Current Procedural Terminology coding. Associations between complications and demographic and clinical factors were evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS: We identified a total of 2216 @entity1 . Approximately 41% developed 1 or more perioperative complications. Approximately 15% were readmitted within 30 days of their procedure. The most frequent complications that occurred in our cohort were new postoperative @entity410 (11.8%), postoperative @entity943 (7.9%), @entity932 (5.9%), and @entity432 (5.4%). @entity532 and general @entity16 occurred in 4.4% and 16.1% of @entity1 , respectively. Nearly 55% of elderly @entity1 (>= 70 years) developed 1 or more perioperative complication (vs. 39% of nonelderly @entity1 ). After we adjusted for comorbidities, elderly status and male sex were found to be significantly associated with increased odds for a variety of complications. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we report complication rates in @entity1 undergoing resection for @entity1653 . Because of the longitudinal nature of the MarketScan database, we were able to capture a wide array of specific @entity260 associated with @entity1653 resection procedures. Care should be taken in the selection of candidates for @entity1653 resection.

title: Craniotomy for XXXX : An Age-Stratified Analysis of the MarketScan Longitudinal Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['General neurosurgical complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Resection of Meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the role of natural course of a major @entity308 in short-term, placebo-controlled studies. METHODS: We analyzed for sustained response all placebo arms and tricyclic arms from all randomized three-arm studies that were conducted in @entity1 with a major @entity308 and were submitted to the Medicine Evaluation Board (1979-1991). The Medicine Evaluation Board is the regulatory authority of the Netherlands. A responder was defined as a @entity1 with at least 50% improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as compared to baseline score. A study responder was defined as a @entity1 meeting response criteria at endpoint (Last Observation Carried Forward). A sustained responder was defined as a @entity1 who, after becoming responder, remained a responder until the end of the study. RESULTS: The ITT population incorporated 1989 @entity1 in the tricyclic arm and 2042 @entity1 in the placebo arm. There was a statistically significant difference for study responders: 39.3% in the tricyclic treatment group and 27.9% in the placebo group (difference 11.4; CI (95%): 8.5% 14.3%). However, no significant differences in sustained response patterns were found, with the exception of a significantly higher sustained response rate for initial responders at week 4. CONCLUSIONS: While efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants was confirmed in this meta-analysis, the sustained response patterns of active treatment and placebo did not differ substantially, suggesting that many of the @entity1 included in the studies were close to, or at the end of, their episode.

title: Natural course and placebo response in short-term, placebo-controlled studies in major XXXX : a meta-analysis of published and non-published studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an established risk factor for numerous @entity65 including @entity64 . The relationship between the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and clinical 3-month outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity385 were evaluated in this study. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study involving a hospital-based @entity64 registry; 1373 @entity1 with acute @entity385 were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into the following four groups according their eGFR (calculated using the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration equations): >= 60, 45-59, 30-44, and <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The primary endpoint of poor functional outcome was defined as 3-month @entity204 or dependency (modified Rankin Scale score >= 3); secondary endpoints were @entity16 (increase in National Institutes of @entity64 Severity score of >= 4 at discharge compared to baseline) during hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The overall eGFR was 84.5  20.8 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (mean  SD). The distribution of baseline @entity8 was as follows: 1,218, 82, 40, and 33 @entity1 had eGFRs of >= 60, 45-59, 30-44, and <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), respectively. At 3 months after the @entity64 , 476 (34.7%) @entity1 exhibited poor functional outcome. Furthermore, a poor functional outcome occurred more frequently with increasingly advanced stages of @entity740 (rates of 31.9%, 53.7%, 55.0%, and 63.6% for @entity740 stages 1/2, 3a, 3b, and 4/5, respectively; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline eGFR of <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) increased the risk of a poor functional outcome by 2.37-fold (p=0.047). In addition, baseline @entity8 was closely associated with @entity16 during hospitalization and with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A low baseline eGFR was strongly predictive of both poor functional outcome at 3 months after @entity385 and @entity16 /mortality during hospitalization.

title: A low baseline glomerular filtration rate predicts poor clinical outcome at 3 months after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Health Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if platelet @entity2178 binding density during the second or third trimester of pregnancy can be used as a marker for early detection of @entity1 who will develop @entity1468 . METHODS: We collected blood samples from 412 nulliparous pregnant @entity1 during their second or third trimesters. They were classified in four groups after delivery: normotensive (n=297), transient @entity101 (n=54), preeclamptic (n=39), and chronic @entity101 (n=22). We also studied 35 nonpregnant @entity1 and 122 @entity1 in the peripartum period. The binding capacity of platelet @entity2178 receptors was analyzed in each @entity1 . RESULTS: In normotensive pregnancies, there was a significant decrease in mean (+/-standard error of the mean [SEM]) platelet binding in the second trimester (1.6+/-0.2 fmol/10(9) cells) compared with nonpregnant @entity1 (3.3+/-0.7 fmol/10[9] cells). No statistical differences were observed in the mean (+/-SEM) number of platelet @entity2178 binding sites between the groups studied in the third trimester (normal: 1.7+/-0.1 fmol/10(9) cells; transient @entity101 : 2.3+/-0.4 fmol/10(9) cells; preeclamptic: 1.6+/-0.4 fmol/10(9) cells, and chronic @entity101 : 1.6+/-0.6 fmol/10(9) cells), nor were any significant differences found in second-trimester values. At cutoff levels providing identical sensitivities, @entity2178 binding showed significantly lower positive predictive values than mean arterial pressure (P < .05). With this study's sample size, we could have demonstrated an improvement in positive predictive values of 20% with a statistical power (1-beta) of 90%. CONCLUSION: The measurement of platelet @entity2178 receptor density cannot be recommended for the early detection of @entity1468 .

title: Platelet XXXX binding sites and early detection of @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: ;Primary' @entity120 , which is rare in western countries, was found to be relatively common in Ceylon. The clinical and haemodynamic features were studied. There were two distinct types of the disease, malignant and benign. @entity1 with the malignant form of the disease had a rapidly progressive illness of short duration and an invariably fatal outcome. Those with the benign form gave a long history and, in spite of severe @entity120 , were only slightly disabled. They seemed to tolerate the disease better. An important factor which determined the clinical course of the disease was the patency of the foramen ovale. This appeared to act as a safety valve permitting a right-to-left shunt in times of stress. The foramen ovale was closed in all @entity1 with the malignant type. The therapeutic implications of this need further study. Many @entity1 with ;primary' @entity120 had an unusually high eosinophil count (normal range for Ceylon, 0-500 per cu.mm.). @entity1 in hospitals often have higher counts ranging from 0-1000 per cu.mm. due to intestinal @entity4801 . @entity1 with ;primary' @entity120 were found to have a significantly higher mean eosinophil count than age-matched, sex-matched controls admitted to the Cardiology Unit with chronic @entity6331 and @entity299 . The higher count was not due to intestinal @entity4801 , and none of the other known causes of a raised eosinophil count were present. Four @entity1 had eosinophil counts over 3,000 per cu.mm., the range commonly associated with @entity5930 , a disease caused by @entity6565 . These @entity1 did not manifest any of the symptoms of @entity5930 . @entity1 with ;primary' @entity120 were examined for evidence of @entity6565 (clinical, haematological, and serological). Volunteers from among @entity1 with @entity5930 and symptom-free @entity1 positive for @entity10065 microfilaria were similarly tested and also catheterized for evidence of @entity120 . The results of these investigations and their significance are discussed. The geographical incidence of ;primary' @entity120 and @entity6565 was similar. Filarial worms are known to cause @entity120 in animals. There is sufficient evidence to suspect that the same may be true in @entity1 . This may explain the high incidence of the disease in Ceylon and its unusually high prevalence among @entity1 .

title: "Primary" @entity120 , eosinophilia, and XXXX in Ceylon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['tropical pulmonary eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infestation']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['filariasis']


abstract: @entity358 , both primary and metastatic, are the leading cause of @entity204 worldwide. Over 1.5 million new cases of primary @entity2 are diagnosed annually worldwide with a dismal five-year survival rate of approximately 15%, which remains unchanged despite major efforts and medical advances. As expected, survival for @entity1 with lung metastases is even worse at about 5%. Early detection and staging are fundamental in improving survival rates and selecting the most effective treatment strategies. Recently, nanoparticles have been developed for imaging and treating @entity5 , including @entity358 . In this work, three different examples of nanoparticle configurations for @entity5 theranosis are presented, namely conventional spherical polymeric nanoparticles with a diameter of ~ 150 nm; and discoidal mesoporous @entity6619 nanoconstructs and discoidal polymeric nanoconstructs with a diameter of ~ 1,000 nm and a height of 400 and 500 nm, respectively. The spherical nanoparticles accumulate in @entity5 by means of the well-known enhanced permeation and retention effect, whereas sub-micrometer discoidal nanoconstructs are rationally designed to adhere firmly to the @entity5 . All three nanoparticles are characterized for their in vivo performance in terms of magnetic resonance, positron-emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging. Preliminary data on the in vivo and ex vivo PET/CT imaging of @entity0 metastasis in the lungs using discoidal nanoconstructs is presented. In conclusion, opportunities for nanoparticle-based theranosis in primary @entity2 and @entity358 are presented and discussed.

title: Opportunities for @entity2 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'various cancers', 'tortuous tumor vasculature', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'Malignancies of the lungs', 'pulmonary malignancies']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of long-term @entity617 on fasting and post- @entity413 load @entity413 concentration in @entity1 with @entity32 . We hypothesized that @entity617 would predominantly increase post- @entity413 load @entity413 concentration and that fasting @entity413 would have poor sensitivity as a screening test for @entity6 in @entity1 receiving chronic @entity617 therapy. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of subjects with @entity32 but without known @entity6 , 60 subjects [age   =   70 (  10) years, 62% female] who were receiving chronic (>6 months) @entity617 [6.5 (  2.1)   mg/day] (Group 1) and 58 controls [age   =   70 (  11) years, 62% female] who had not received oral glucocorticoids for at least 6 months (Group 2) underwent an oral @entity413 tolerance test. RESULTS: Fasting @entity413 was significantly lower [5.0 (  0.1) vs. 5.3 (  0.1)   mmol/l, P   =   0.02) and post- @entity413 load @entity413 concentration significantly higher [8.0 (  0.4) vs. 6.8 (  0.3)   mmol/l, P   =   0.02] in Group 1 than in Group 2. In a multiple regression analysis, glucocorticoid use (P   =   0.004) and log CRP (P   =   0.02) were independently associated with fasting @entity413 , while waist circumference (P   =   0.01), but not glucocorticoid use, was independently associated with post- @entity413 load @entity413 concentration. A fasting @entity413 >= 5.6   mmol/l had 33 and 83% sensitivity for @entity6 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is discordance between a reduced fasting and increased post- @entity413 load @entity413 concentration in rheumatological @entity1 on long-term @entity617 . Therefore fasting @entity413 has poor sensitivity to screen for @entity6 in @entity617 -treated @entity1 . Treatment of @entity617 -induced hyperglycaemia should be directed at the postprandial period. Trial registration. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, http://www.anzctr.org.au/, ACTRN12607000540415.

title: Screening for @entity6 in @entity1 with XXXX administered long-term @entity617 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory rheumatological disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory rheumatological disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity1855 -sensitive @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). METHODS: A total of 18 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1855 -sensitive @entity1165 were enrolled in this study. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was administered after underwent examinations on admission to rule out structural @entity299 . the ablation catheter was placed around the left posterior intermediate septum and left anteroseptal in the left ventricular to searching for the Purkinje potential (P potential). When the Purkinje potential preceded the surface QRS by >=  20 ms, it was considered as an ideal target for ablation. Ablation at 25 - 35 W, 60  C was often carried out at the point where the Purkinje potential was earliest. After ablation, perform programmed stimulation to measured the effects. The @entity1 received routine postoperative treatment and care. And the follow-up period was 3 - 6 months after discharge. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 diagnosed as ventricular raise from left posterior fascicle and 1 @entity1 raise from left anterior fascicle were got to the radiofrequency end point and failed to elicit @entity1165 . In this @entity1 , the Purkinje potential advanced to the starting point of QRS 20 ms were recognized as ideal point of radiofrequency. The length as the Purkinje potential advanced to the starting point of QRS are (24.0    3.5) ms. the more length, the less times of radiofrequency. No postoperative complications were noted except for 2 @entity1 who had mild @entity1410 at the site of puncture. During the follow-up period, 2 @entity1 were found to have relapsed (recurrence rate = 11.1%) and showed transient resistance to @entity1855 . The remaining @entity1 had no previous history of @entity591 . CONCLUSION: With a low recurrence rate, radiofrequency ablation is a safe and efficacious cure for @entity1855 -sensitive @entity1165 . Despite some efficacies in the treatment of @entity1165 .

title: [Radiofrequency ablation for @entity1855 -sensitive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia again']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1243 , is a fat tissue hormone which effects energy expenditure, food intake , hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, reproductive and immune systems. We aimed to determine serum @entity1243 levels and investigate the association between disease activity and other parameters in @entity309 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity309 (n=106) as the study group, healthy controls (n=52) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 (n=37) as a control group were enrolled to the study. @entity309 @entity1 were categorized in four different groups according to DAS28 scores: remission ,low (LDA), moderate (MDA) or high (HDA) disease activity . RESULTS: No differences were present between the body mass indices of the three groups. Mean @entity1243 levels in @entity309 @entity1 , @entity571 group and healthy individuals were 25,60  13,41, 23,03  11,51 and 23,81  12,85 ng/ml, respectively and no significant difference was present between the groups. Nine of (8,5%) @entity309 @entity1 were in remission, 16 (15,1%) were in LDA, 40 (37,7%) in MDA and 41 (38,7%) were in HDA. @entity1243 levels did not correlate with DAS28 scores of @entity309 @entity1 (r=-0,12, p=0,11). Mean @entity1243 levels in @entity309 @entity1 with remission was 32,65  7, 28 in LDA 23,94  10,94 in MDA 26,73  14,92 and in HDA 23,59  13,50 ng/ml (p=NS). No associations were observed between @entity1243 levels and CRP, ESR, RF positivity and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed no correlation of disease activity and serum @entity1243 levels. Therefore @entity1243 does not seem to be an appropriate biomarker to monitorize inflammation in @entity309 .

title: Serum @entity1243 levels do not correlate with disease activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']