abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- MS/MS) method was established for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of @entity972 dehydroandrographolidi succinas (DAS-K) and its degradation products, respectively, in DAS-K injection, a widely used drug in China. The analytical HPLC was performed on a Waters @entity20264 column using 5 micromol m(-1) @entity6190 (pH 3.0, adjusted by @entity5189 ) and @entity1042 as the mobile phase. Detection was performed on a Micromass Quattro micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. Three major degradation products were separated, detected and identified simultaneously by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS results. An HPLC method for the assay of DAS-K in its injection was then established. The multiple reaction monitoring function (m/z 550.14-->m/z 297.04 for DAS-K) enabled the quantification of DAS-K down to 0.2 ng m(-1). The calibration graph was linear (r better than 0.999, n = 7) in the concentration range 2.0-100 ng mL(-1). The values for the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 1.7% and 2.5% for DAS-K. The average recovery rate was over 98%, with an RSD less than 3.0%. This is the first report on the degradation products in DAS-K injection.

title: Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of XXXX dehydroandrographolidi succinas and identification of its degradation products in @entity972 dehydroandrographolidi succinas injection.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: AIMS: We tested race/ethnic differences in @entity285 and @entity16349 (AM) trajectories (comprising an intercept term; reflecting overall probability of use, and a slope term; reflecting change in probability of use) during adolescence, whether AM use trajectories predicted high school outcomes, and whether outcomes differed by race/ethnicity after controlling for trajectory of AM use. DESIGN: This longitudinal study involved n   =   6,509 youth from 16 middle schools in Southern California surveyed from age 11.5 (2008) to age 17 (2015); all surveys assessed AM use, and the final survey also examined high school outcomes. SETTING: Youth completed five surveys in middle school and two online surveys in high school. @entity1 : The sample was 50% male and 80% non-White. MEASUREMENTS: Intercept (at 2.75   years post baseline) and slope of AM use were examined as outcomes for race/ethnic differences. AM use trajectories were examined as predictors of academic performance and unpreparedness, social functioning, mental and physical health, and delinquency. FINDINGS: We found differences in trajectories of use by race/ethnicity with @entity62 reporting a higher overall intercept of @entity285 use compared to all other groups (v. Asian p   <   .001, Black p   =   .001, Multi-ethnic p   =   .008). Overall, examination of trajectories of use showed that adolescents with a higher @entity285 use intercept term reported greater academic unpreparedness (p   <   .001) and delinquency (p   <   .001) at wave 7 in high school. In addition, youth with a higher intercept for @entity16349 use reported greater academic unpreparedness (p   <   .001) and delinquency (p   <   .001), and poorer academic performance (p   =   .032) and mental health (p   =   .002) in high school. At wave 7, compared to @entity62 , Hispanic and multi-ethnic youth reported poorer academic performance (p   <   .001 and p   =   0.034, respectively); Asian, Black, and Hispanic youth reported higher academic unpreparedness (p   <   .001, p   =   .019, and p   =   .001); and Asian youth and multi-ethnic youth reported poorer physical health (p   =   .012 and p   =   .018) controlling for AM use. CONCLUSIONS: Greater AM use was associated with worse functioning in high school for all youth. After controlling for AM use, non- @entity62 reported worse outcomes in high school for academics and health.

title: XXXX and @entity16349 Use Trajectories in a Diverse Longitudinal Sample of Adolescents: Examining Use Patterns from Age 11 to 17.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white youth', 'White youth']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: Endothelial cells are remarkably heterogeneous in both morphology and function, and they play critical roles in the formation of multiple organ systems. In addition endothelial cell dysfunction can contribute to disease processes, including @entity2316 , which is a leading cause of @entity454 . In this report we define the comprehensive gene expression programs of multiple types of kidney endothelial cells, and analyze the differences that distinguish them. Endothelial cells were purified from @entity1886 -GFP @entity19 by cell dissociation and fluorescent activated cell sorting. Microarrays were then used to provide a global, quantitative and sensitive measure of gene expression levels. We examined renal endothelial cells from the embryo and from the adult glomerulus, cortex and medulla compartments, as well as the glomerular endothelial cells of the db/db mutant @entity19 , which represents a model for @entity1 @entity2316 . The results identified the growth factors, receptors and transcription factors expressed by these multiple endothelial cell types. Biological processes and molecular pathways were characterized in exquisite detail. Cell type specific gene expression patterns were defined, finding novel molecular markers and providing a better understanding of compartmental distinctions. Further, analysis of enriched, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites in the promoters of co-activated genes begins to define the genetic regulatory network of renal endothelial cell formation. Finally, the gene expression differences associated with @entity2316 were defined, providing a global view of both the pathogenic and protective pathways activated. These studies provide a rich resource to facilitate further investigations of endothelial cell functions in kidney development, adult compartments, and disease.

title: Gene expression programs of XXXX endothelial cells in kidney development and disease.

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To validate plant species for hypoglycaemic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four plants were investigated for hypoglycaemic activity by evaluating inhibiting effects on @entity1735 -hydrolising enzymes: alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. Acetone plant extracts were screened against C2C12 myocytes, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and Chang liver cells by measuring @entity413 uptake. @entity137 was done in preadipocytes and hepatocytes. RESULTS: Extract of Euclea undulata rootbark exhibited highest activity, displaying a @entity413 uptake of 162.2% by Chang liver cells at 50 microg/ml. An inhibition concentration of 50% for Euclea undulata was found to be 49.95 microg/ml for alpha-glucosidase and 2.8 microg/ml for alpha-amylase. No @entity137 was recorded for Euclea undulata, while Schkuhria pinnata and Elaeodendron transvaalense exhibited @entity137 at 12.5 microg/ml. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase assays showed inhibitory activity on enzymes for three plant extracts. CONCLUSION: Euclea undulata, Schkuhria pinnata and Elaeodendron transvaalense showed in vitro hypoglycaemic activity. Schkuhria pinnata and Elaeodendron transvaalense indicated @entity137 on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and Chang liver cells. Euclea undulata, Pteronia divaricata and Elaeodendron transvaalense inhibited alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Screening of plant extracts scientifically validated traditional use of Euclea undulata for treatment of @entity6 . @entity137 results revealed that @entity1324 extracts of Schkuhria pinnata and Elaeodendron transvaalense are toxic and raise concern for chronic use.

title: Hypoglycaemic activity of four plant extracts traditionally used in South Africa for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The @entity1723 Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) has collected thousands of multiplex and simplex families with @entity1723 (T1D) with the goal of identifying genes involved in T1D susceptibility. These families have been genotyped for the HLA class I and class II loci and, recently, for a genome-wide panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, multiple SNPs in specific candidate genes have been genotyped in these families in an attempt to evaluate previously reported T1D associations, including the @entity28748 (Pro-Thr) polymorphism in exon 2 of @entity10467 , a T-cell transcription factor. The @entity10467 883A allele was associated with T1D in subjects with T1D not carrying the high-risk HLA genotype @entity4106 / @entity4107 . A panel of 11 SNPs in @entity10467 was genotyped in 2092 families from 9 cohorts of the T1DGC. SNPs at two positions in @entity10467 were associated with T1D. One associated SNP, @entity28748 ( @entity28749 ), was reported earlier to have a T1D association. A second SNP, @entity28750 , represents a novel T1D susceptibility allele in @entity10467 . After stratification on the high T1D risk @entity4106 / @entity4107 genotype, the variant (A) allele of @entity28748 was significantly associated with T1D among non- @entity4106 / @entity4107 cases (transmission=55.8%, P=0.004; OR=1.26) but was not significantly associated in the @entity4106 / @entity4107 @entity1 subgroup, replicating the earlier report. The reference A allele of intronic SNP @entity28750 was modestly associated with T1D in both @entity4106 (transmission=54.4% in @entity4106 / @entity4107 ; P=0.03; transmission=52.9% in non- @entity4106 / @entity4107 ; P=0.03). These results support the previously reported association of the non-synonymous Pro-Thr SNP in @entity10467 with T1D, and suggest that other alleles at this locus may also confer risk.

title: Evidence for association of the @entity10467 locus with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes', 'Type I Diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes']


abstract: A five-year-old @entity1 of @entity16282 showed moderate @entity1155 . She could walk and communicate. At six months of age, she developed salaam convulsion with series. @entity410 disappeared immediately after ACTH treatment. At eighteen months of age, she developed @entity410 . From three years of age, head-nodding @entity410 with series relapsed and could not be controlled. But she could walk alone at two years old and speak a word at one and half years old. A degree of @entity1155 was more slightly than others published cases of @entity16282 . There were eleven reports, included our case, with mild @entity16282 . The features of these @entity10065 ) late onset of @entity410 , 2) good response to ACTH therapy, 3) no significant @entity75 except for agenesis of @entity6789 .

title: [A case of XXXX with moderate @entity1155 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Convulsions', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['retardation in Aicardi syndrome', 'Aicardi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of brain']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation', 'her psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity16282 :: (MESH:D058540,Disease) :: ['Aicardi syndrome']


abstract: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is a new technique. For anatomical and technical reasons, many transplant centers restrict laparoscopic donor nephrectomy to kidneys with a single artery. However, we believe that with increased experience, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in cases of @entity8 does not affect donor or recipient outcomes. Among 115 living related renal transplantations performed between January 1996 and December 2002, 31 nephrectomies were performed via laparoscopy including eight with multiple arteries and 84 via an open approach, including nine with multiple arteries. The 17 @entity1 with multiple arteries at the two procedures were compared in terms of donor and recipient outcomes. All the @entity1 received the same immunosuppressive regimen. The demographic data were similar in the two groups. Mean durations of the donor operations (223 vs 247 minutes), side of nephrectomy (left/right, 5/4 vs 7/1), mean warm @entity63 times (230 vs 432 seconds), mean serum @entity1011 levels at the end of 1 year follow-up, were statistically similar for the open versus the laparoscopy groups. Urological (11.1% vs 25%) and vascular complication rates (22.2% vs 25%), acute rejection rates (11.1% vs 12.5%) were also statistically similar for open versus laparoscopy groups, respectively. One-year @entity1 and graft survival rates were 87.5% for both groups. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was as safe a procedure as open surgery even in the presence of @entity8 in the hands of experienced transplants surgeons.

title: Do XXXX restrict laparoscopic donor nephrectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative @entity2332 is defined as a  core temperature below 36    C. The literature shows that perioperative @entity2332 is a  frequent but potentially preventable complication of the surgical process. The risk of experiencing perioperative @entity2332 is inherent for all anesthetized @entity1 , independent of the type of surgery. Unless preventative measures are taken, perioperative @entity2332 occurs in 50 to 70   % of all surgical @entity1 . In Germany and Austria the guideline "Preventing inadvertent perioperative @entity2332 " has been published. In Wolfsburg we started already in 2012 with a  standard operating procedure to prevent perioperative @entity2332 in all surgical @entity1 . In two clinical departments we established an additional prewarming-protocol starting prior to induction of anaesthesia on the normal ward on the day of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For a  period of 6  months we analyzed all temperature data of @entity1 having undergone surgery, beginning before the start of general anaesthesia until the end of the operation. RESULTS: In total 3228 @entity1 were enrolled into the study. Prewarming was performed in 1329 @entity1 . In 1902 @entity1 active warming was limited to the intraoperative period. The total rate of @entity2332 in all @entity1 was 32.6   %, whereas the rate of @entity2332 at the end of the operation was 19.3   %. In the group of @entity1 without prewarming the overall rate was 39.1 vs. 25   % at the end of the operation. In the groups of @entity1 with prewarming the total rates of @entity2332 were 25.2 and 24.7   % overall and 14.4 and 12.5   % at the end of the operation. In multifactorial regression it could be shown that @entity1 without prewarming had a  1.8-fold increased risk of perioperative @entity2332 compared to @entity1 with intraoperative warming only. CONCLUSION: We conclude that temperature management is a  challenge in the clinical situation, and that it is difficult to achieve rates of @entity2332 close to zero. The addition of prewarming was very effective in improving the results in our @entity1 .

title: [Implementation of a thermal management concept to prevent perioperative XXXX : Results of a 6  -month period in clinical practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 following surgery for @entity5 may be frequent and often severe. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the occurrence of this complication from both a clinical point of view and by means of neurophysiological tests. METHODS: We studied a group of 57 @entity1 submitted to rectal resection for @entity420 . All the @entity1 underwent neurological, psychological and the following neurophysiological tests: sacral reflex (SR), pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials (PEPs), motor evoked potential (MEPs) and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs). The results were compared with a control group of 67 @entity5 @entity1 studied before surgery. Only 10 of these @entity1 could be studied both pre- and postoperatively. 10 @entity1 submitted to high dose preoperative chemoradiation were studied to evaluate the effect of this treatment on sexual function. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the two-tailed Student's t test for paired observations and k concordance test. RESULTS: 59.6% of @entity1 operated reported @entity250 , while this symptom occurred in 16.4% in the control group. Moreover, a significantly higher rate of alterations of the neurophysiological tests and longer mean latencies of the SR, PEPs, MEPs and SSRs were observed in the @entity1 who had undergone resection. In the 10 @entity1 studied both pre and post-surgery @entity323 occurred in 6 of them and the mean latencies of SSRs were longer after operation. In the 10 @entity1 studied pre and post chemoradiation @entity323 occurred in 1 @entity1 only, showing the mild effect of these treatments on sexual function. CONCLUSION: @entity1 operated showed severe @entity250 . The neurophysiological test may be a useful tool to investigate this complication. The @entity16 could be monitored to decide the rehabilitation strategy.

title: @entity250 following surgery for XXXX - a clinical and neurophysiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: In this paper, kinetic properties of a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase of family I from @entity1838 (V-PPase), intestinal pathogen and causative agent of @entity1 @entity3081 , are characterized in detail, and the crystal structure of a metal-free enzyme is reported. Hydrolytic activity of V-PPase has been studied as a function of pH, concentration of metal cofactors (Mg2+ or @entity3281 ), and ionic strength. It has been found that, despite the high conservation of @entity535 sequences for the known bacterial PPases of family I, V-PPase differs from the other enzymes of the same family in a number of parameters. Dissociation constants of V-PPase complexed with @entity1025 or @entity3281 were essentially the same as for @entity526 PPase (E-PPase). However, the pH optimum of MgPP(i) hydrolysis by V-PPase was shifted to more alkaline pH due to higher values of the pK(a) of ionizable groups for both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. The stability of a hexameric form of V-PPase has been studied as a function of pH. The corresponding pK(a) of a group that controls the stability of the hexamer at pH below 6 (pK(a) = 4.4) was significantly lower than in the other hexameric PPases. The crystal structure reported here is analyzed and compared with the structure of E-PPase. The location of @entity535 residues that differ in V-PPase and E-PPase is discussed. Since V-PPase has been found to retain its hydrolytic activity in high ionic strength media, the observed structural and kinetic features are analyzed in view of the possible osmoadaptation of this protein.

title: Structural and kinetic features of family I inorganic pyrophosphatase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The free jejunum graft is a well-established reconstruction technique after total laryngopharyngectomy. However, besides @entity39 of the jejunum graft, the two most important complications are pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and @entity1282 due to @entity850 formation. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop an L-shaped reconstruction technique of the free jejunum graft to decrease pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and long-term @entity850 formation after total laryngopharyngectomy. METHODS: An L-shaped side-to-end anastomosis was performed at the proximal end of the jejunum graft in six @entity1 treated for piriform @entity189 . @entity1 and operation characteristics and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: A successful jejunum transfer was performed in all six @entity1 . No pharyngocutaneous fistula or @entity850 formation occurred during a median follow-up of 23 months (range: 18-30 months). Swallowing rehabilitation started at the median 12th postoperative day (range: 5-150 days). Four @entity1 developed @entity1282 at a median of 2 months (range: 1-6 months) after oral intake was started. X-barium swallow revealed a redundant pouch of the transferred jejunum graft, which resulted in compression on the jejunum interposition during swallowing. In three @entity1 , an operation was required to resolve these problems. After the revision operation, no @entity1282 occurred during a median follow-up of 12 months (range: 7-13 months). CONCLUSIONS: Because of @entity1282 complaints in the majority of our @entity1 , we cannot recommend the described technique and should find other means to improve direct postoperative results and long-term quality of life in this difficult-to-treat group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX after an L-shaped reconstruction technique of the free jejunum graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sinus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: This review presents the findings of pharmacogenetic studies exploring the influence of gene variants on antipsychotic treatment response, in terms of both symptom improvement and adverse effects, in @entity1 with @entity161 . Despite numerous studies in the field, replicating findings across different cohorts that include subjects of different ethnic groups has been challenging. It is clear that non-genetic factors have an important contribution to antipsychotic treatment response. Differing clinical, demographic and environmental characteristics of the cohorts studied have added substantial complexity to the interpretation of the positive and negative findings of many studies. Pharmacogenomic genome-wide investigations are beginning to yield interesting data although they have failed to replicate the most robust findings of candidate gene studies, and are limited by the sample size, especially given the need for studying homogeneous cohorts. Most of the studies conducted on cohorts treated with single antipsychotics have investigated @entity1088 , @entity1037 or @entity1090 response. These studies have provided some of the most replicated associations with treatment efficacy. Serotonergic system gene variants are significantly associated with the efficacy of @entity1088 and @entity1090 , but may have less influence on the efficacy of @entity1037 . @entity935 D3 receptor polymorphisms have been more strongly associated with the efficacy of @entity1088 and @entity1037 , and D2 genetic variants with the efficacy of @entity1090 . @entity750 influences the control of feeding behaviour and has been hypothesized to have a role in the development of antipsychotic-induced @entity1017 . Numerous studies have linked the @entity750 receptor 2C (5-HT2C) -759-C/T polymorphism with @entity1017 . The leptin gene variant, @entity29425 , has also been associated with @entity1017 in several studies. Pharmacogenetic studies support the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes and @entity935 receptor variants in the development of antipsychotic-induced @entity717 , with a contribution of serotonergic receptors and other gene variants implicated in the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. @entity1088 -induced @entity3028 has been associated with polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex gene (HLA).

title: Pharmacogenetics of response to antipsychotics in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and @entity323 ( @entity323 ) have a negative impact on @entity1 ' quality of life. The co-prescription of two active agents for these conditions will improve each condition and the addition of one drug to the other may potentiate the primary response of the first treatment and thereby improve the QoL of @entity1 . Several epidemiological studies have indicated that the association between LUTS and @entity323 is more than a co-incidence of age, with a possible cause and effect relationship. LUTS is more common in @entity1 with @entity323 and there is a strong relationship between the severity of LUTS and the degree of erectile difficulty. Four pathophysiologies have been suggested to explain the relationship between LUTS and @entity323 . There is a complex interaction between these mechanisms and there may be additional processes involved. These are: (1) alteration in @entity842 levels; (2) autonomic hyperactivity; (3) changes in the Rho-kinase/endothelin pathway; and (4) pelvic vasculature @entity731 . Studies of all three easily available @entity7856 inhibitors have shown improvements in both LUTS and @entity323 in @entity1 with significant problems in both areas without any substantial increase in side effect profile. Studies have also shown that the greatest improvements occurred with the combination of an alpha blocker and @entity7856 inhibitor when compared with either drug alone. Whilst significant improvements were seen in LUTS symptom scores, there was no significant improvement in flow rates with @entity7856 inhibitors when compared with placebo. High quality basic science studies of @entity7856 inhibitors on bladder muscle and alpha blocker agents on penile cavernosal tissue have provided several explanations for their modes of action. Even so, the mechanism of action of @entity7856 inhibitors in LUTS remains far from certain. More well-designed, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm the impact of these drugs, alone or in combination, on both @entity323 and LUTS. However combination therapy appears appropriate for @entity1 with both LUTS and @entity323 . At present though, we should not routinely offer a combination of @entity7856 inhibitors and alpha blocker for the treatment of LUTS alone.

title: XXXX inhibitors in the treatment of LUTS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity7856 :: (8654,Gene) :: ['PDE5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE Contrary to acute @entity385 involving the anterior circulation, no randomized trial has yet demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of endovascular management in @entity432 (BAO). Recently developed thrombectomy devices, such as stentrievers and aspiration systems, have helped in improving the endovascular management of acute @entity385 . The authors sought to assess the impact of these devices in the endovascular treatment of acute BAO. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive @entity1 treated in Piti  - @entity9574  tri  re Hospital for acute BAO was carried out. All @entity1 had undergone an endovascular procedure. In addition to the global results in terms of safety and effectiveness (recanalization rate and 3-month clinical outcome based on the modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), the authors aimed to determine if the @entity1 treated with the most recently developed devices (i.e., the Solitaire stentriever or the ADAPT catheter) had better angiographic and clinical outcomes than those treated with older endovascular strategies. RESULTS The overall successful recanalization rate (thrombolysis in @entity385 score 2b-3) was 50% (17 of 34 @entity1 ). A good clinical outcome (mRS score 0-2 at 3-month follow-up) was achieved in 11 (32.3%) of 34 @entity1 . The mortality rate at 3-month follow-up was 29.4% (10 of 34 @entity1 ). @entity1 treated with the Solitaire stentriever and the ADAPT catheter had a higher recanalization rate (12 [92.3%] of 13 @entity1 vs 5 [23.8%] of 21 @entity1 , p = 0.0002) and a shorter mean (   SD) procedure duration (88    31 minutes vs 126    58 minutes, p = 0.04) than @entity1 treated with older devices. CONCLUSIONS The latest devices have improved the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in acute BAO. Their use in further studies may help demonstrate a benefit in the endovascular management of acute BAO.

title: A leap forward in the endovascular management of XXXX since the appearance of stent retrievers: a single-center comparative study.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute basilar artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['acute basilar artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Presence of intestinal metaplasia in the @entity356 ( @entity1944 , CIM) has been reported in 5-34% of @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopy and is a topic of interest given the rising incidence of @entity5 in this location. The aim of this article is to determine the prevalence of CIM in biopsies obtained from two separate locations within the @entity356 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting to the endoscopy unit for upper endoscopy for any symptoms were invited to participate in the study. The biopsy protocol included: eight biopsies from the @entity356 , four from @entity418 (forceps across the squamocolumnar junction), four from lower @entity418 (within 1 cm of @entity418 ), and four each from the gastric body and antrum. All @entity418 biopsies were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) and alcian blue at pH 2.5 for the presence of goblet cells and the body/antrum biopsies were stained with Steiner @entity575 stain for @entity1534 detection. In @entity1 testing negative for @entity1534 by histology, a serology test was performed. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 have been evaluated by this protocol; median age 54 yr (range: 34-81 yr), 63 males, 53 Caucasians, and 12 African Americans. The detection of CIM was as follows: @entity418 only, 7, both @entity418 , 5, and lower @entity418 only, 7. Thus, CIM was detected in 12 @entity1 (18%) in the @entity418 biopsies, in 12 @entity1 (18%) in the lower @entity418 ; overall prevalence of CIM was 29% (19 @entity1 ). Fifty-eight percent of CIM @entity1 tested positive for @entity1534 by either histology or serology. The addition of serology allowed for the detection of eight additional @entity1534 -positive CIM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CIM in this study was similar (18%, four biopsies) at each location; however, if both locations were considered (eight biopsies), the prevalence increased to 29%. Thus, CIM prevalence may vary depending on the number of biopsies obtained as well as on the location of biopsies. Use of additional testing detects more @entity1 who are @entity1534 positive and should be performed if association of CIM with @entity1534 is contemplated. Future endoscopic studies of the @entity356 should specify the location of biopsies, the number of biopsies obtained, and the tests used to diagnose @entity1534 .

title: Detection of XXXX : do the biopsy number and location matter?

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['cardia intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['cardia', 'upper cardia', 'upper and lower cardia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['cardia intestinal metaplasia']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with inoperable or recurrent @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were treated with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus high-dose @entity4181 (LV). The administration schedule was 2 h infusion of LV at a dose of 500 mg/m2 and 30 min infusion of @entity1487 at a dose of 600 mg/m2 given 1 h after the start of the LV infusion. This regimen was followed weekly, six times. No objective (complete or partial) response was seen in any of the @entity1 . Ten @entity1 showed no change and there were four with progressive disease. One @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity1431 after two courses of treatment. Another experienced grade 2 @entity1431 . One @entity1 experienced grade 2 @entity391 and six, @entity2118 . Other myelosuppressive effects and non-hematologic @entity137 , including @entity294 and @entity33 , were mild. It was concluded that the schedule of @entity1487 with high-dose LV therapy employed could not be expected to produce a response rate greater than or equal to 20% against @entity1149 . @entity1487 plus high-dose LV therapy was, therefore, considered to be ineffective against @entity1149 with the schedule of administration followed.

title: Negative phase II study of XXXX with high-dose leucovorin in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Seven clusters of @entity580 due to @entity2491 were documented in the neonatology clinic of a @entity1 's hospital between April 2002 and March 2004. Eighty-one neonates were infected. Three cases were asymptomatic, 73 cases had @entity1902 as the only clinical condition, and 5 cases had @entity2259 associated with @entity1902 . All isolates from stool and blood samples (n=86) were identified as @entity2491 . Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by clavulanate disk potentiation assay in all isolates. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was performed in 26 selected isolates, which were chosen as being representative of different clusters, to determine the clonal relationship. PCR, isoelectric focusing and sequence analysis revealed the production of @entity3525 -M-3, @entity27240 and SHV-12 by these isolates in 23%, 76.9% and 100%, respectively. None of the isolates had PER beta-lactamase production. Standard infection control measures such as handwashing and disinfection procedures were implemented in initial clusters. During the two-year period, the infection control policy of the hospital was improved with appropriate actions such as assignment of an infection control nurse and increasing the number of staff of the clinic, and finally, with the establishment of an active surveillance program, the clusters were stopped.

title: The evaluation of clusters of XXXX due to multidrug-resistant @entity2491 in the neonatal unit: a two-year experience.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['hospital infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: We will test the hypothesis that ultrasound supported by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could improve bacterial identification in non-infected @entity2720 . The aim was to detect bacterial species in non-infected @entity2720 using ultrasound and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. METHODS: A total of 16 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and five @entity1 ) aged 46-80 years (mean age 65.7) with diagnosed knee or hip implant loosening (mean implant survival of 102.1 months) were investigated. Bacterial culture and DNA sequencing were used to detect bacteria on the surface of failed implants removed during revision arthroplasty. The results of pre- and intraoperative culture and DNA sequencing were compared. Histopathological analysis was also performed. RESULTS: The number of positive cultures rises with a higher level of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). The results of the cultures from synovial fluid obtained through joint @entity1173 were consistent with sonicates from components of prostheses in 12 cases (75%). Bacterial DNA was found in 90% of @entity1 with negative synovial fluid culture. PCR revealed two or more bacterial species, often of the same genus: @entity1839 , Pseudomonas spp., Brevibacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Propionibacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp.These are micro-organisms present in the environment or on the @entity1 body and often associated with compromised immunity. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound procedure followed by PCR and sequencing improve bacterial identification in silent @entity281 . The lack of clinical signs of @entity281 and negative preoperative and intraoperative cultures do not exclude the presence of micro-organisms on the implants.

title: Identification of silent XXXX : preliminary report of a prospective controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity1839 :: ('329', 'Species') :: ['Ralstonia pickettii']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'prosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint loosening']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['prosthetic joint infection']


abstract: We analysed scores of @entity14228 following the IEWG protocol from the official screening programme of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiler Club (ADRK). The data set included X-rays from 5100 Rottweiler @entity235 born between 1995 and 2004. Out of these 5,100 @entity235 , 46.9% were free from @entity2613 , 9.8% showed borderline signs ( @entity2613 ), 31.8% @entity2613 -grade 1 (mild @entity2613 ), 10% @entity2613 -grade 2 (moderate @entity2613 ) und 1.6% @entity2613 -grade 3 (severe @entity2613 ). Male @entity235 were more often affected by @entity2613 -grade 2 and 3 than female @entity235 . Traits analysed were @entity2613 -grade ( @entity235 free from @entity2613 and @entity235 with @entity2613 -grades 1 to 3) and borderline @entity2613 ( @entity2613 ). Birth year, birth season and inbreeding coefficient were significant for @entity2613 -grade. Higher inbreeding coefficients were associated with higher @entity2613 scores. @entity2613 was significantly influenced by birth year and the interaction of birth year and birth season. A bivariate linear animal model was employed to estimate heritabilities using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) for @entity2613 -grade and @entity2613 . Heritability estimates and their standard errors were 0.387 +/- 0.028 for @entity2613 -grade and 0.017 +/- 0.009 for @entity2613 . The additive genetic correlation between @entity2613 -grade and @entity2613 was -0.5. Heritabilities for @entity2613 -grade in female and male @entity235 were 0.350 +/- 0.033 and 0.497 +/- 0.047. We do not recommend use of @entity2613 in breeding work because of the low heritability estimate and the negative additive genetic correlation with @entity2613 -grade.

title: [Estimation of population genetic parameters and breeding values for XXXX in Rottweilers].

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dysplasia']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow dysplasia']


abstract: A case report is presented of a 35-year-old @entity1 who developed a progressive @entity1781 while surfacing from a series of four recreational dives on the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The @entity1 reported severe @entity227 in the right eye associated with a mild @entity10 and @entity1415 on surfacing from diving. The @entity1 had her first medical review the day after returning from her trip. At this time visual acuity in the right eye was 20/80, with left eye 20/20. There was a relative afferent @entity2300 in the right eye. A high-resolution computed tomography scan showed fluid in the right sphenoid sinus. Computed perimetry revealed patchy visual field @entity735 . The provisional diagnosis of @entity50 -induced @entity1781 was made. Over 10 days of observation, the visual acuity returned to 20/20 in the right eye and visual field changes resolved. This case highlights a very unusual cause of @entity227 associated with diving.

title: Unilateral XXXX from possible @entity50 after recreational scuba diving: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'sudden onset blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['loss in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['right optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoidal sinus barotrauma']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic neuropathy']


abstract: The prognostic value of echocardiographic apical 4 chamber recordings was assessed retrospectively in 18 @entity1 who underwent left ventricular aneurysmectomy following anterior wall @entity583 . After an average follow-up period of 2 years, 7 @entity1 had died or remained in functional Classes III or IV (Group 1) and 11 @entity1 had satisfactory clinical outcomes (Group 2). There were no significant clinical or coronary angiographic differences between the two groups. The left ventricular surface area, transverse diameter and fractional shortening of the surface were also comparable in the two groups. The surface area of the @entity439 was greater in @entity1 in Group 1 (37.4 +/- 11.8 cm2 vs 21.1 +/- 15.8 cm2, p less than 0.05). However, the more discriminating parameters were those related to the non-aneurysmal contractile zones (NACZ). @entity1 in Group 1 had a smaller relative surface area of the NACZ than those in group 2; 6 of the 7 @entity1 in Group 1 had NACZ of less than 40 per cent of the left ventricle compared with none of the @entity1 in Group 2 (p less than 0.001). In addition, the function of the NACZ was significantly worse in Group 1: surface fractional shortening: 9.6 +/- 10.2% vs 32.6 +/- 8.3% (p less than 0.001); ejection fraction: 20.7 +/- 9.1% vs 41.6 +/- 6.1% (p less than 0.001). All @entity1 in Group 1 and none in Group 2 had ejection fractions of the NACZ of less than 30 per cent. Therefore, the apical 4 chamber view provides valuable prognostic information in @entity1 who are candidates for surgical resection of left ventricular anterior wall @entity439 .

title: [Prognostic value of two-dimensional echocardiography before aneurysmectomy in anterior XXXX of the left ventricle].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hysteroscopic resection of @entity1869 without atypia. DESIGN: Pilot feasibility study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: Department of gynecology at a general hospital. @entity1 : Seventy-three @entity1 . Intervention. Transcervical hysteroscopic endometrial resection under general or spinal anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Efficacy of treatment was based on hysteroscopic and histologic regression of @entity1869 and subjectively assessed uterine @entity548 . Safety was evaluated by adverse events. Forty-four cycling @entity1 experienced complete remission of uterine @entity548 and none had persistence of @entity1869 during follow-up; four underwent hysterectomy. @entity1204 was present in 24 menopausal @entity1 , one of whom underwent hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: Endometrial resection was effective in achieving regression of @entity1869 and preventing its recurrence. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6(2):151-154, 1999)

title: Hysteroscopic resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic endometrium']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential role of autologous platelet-rich plasma in promoting @entity3283 . DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, interventional, noncomparative, nonrandomized, observational study. @entity1 : Forty eyes of 38 @entity1 with dormant corneal @entity1066 . METHODS: Autologous platelet-rich plasma was used in a total of 40 eyes with dormant corneal @entity1066 divided into 2 groups: group I, 26 eyes treated with topical eyedrops of autologous platelet-rich plasma (12 neurotrophic, 9 herpetic, and 5 immunological @entity1066 ), and group II, 14 eyes treated surgically with a solid clot of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with amniotic membrane transplantation in perforated corneas or with impending perforation. The treatment was used in @entity1 with chronic nonhealing @entity1066 (mean, 2 years of evolution) that had been unresponsive to conventional topical therapy. Autologous blood from each @entity1 was obtained by venipuncture, and platelet-rich plasma was prepared from each blood sample without additives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ulcer size, @entity32 , healing, visual acuity, and @entity1 's subjective symptoms. RESULTS: Autologous platelet-rich plasma promoted healing of @entity1066 . In group I, 13 eyes healed, 11 eyes improved significantly, and 2 eyes showed no change. In group II, 10 eyes healed and 4 eyes improved significantly. @entity32 and subjective symptoms, particularly @entity158 , improved in all @entity1 . Vision remained stable or improved in all cases. CONCLUSION: Autologous platelet-rich plasma promoted healing of dormant corneal @entity1066 even in eyes threatened by corneal perforation and was accompanied by a reduction in @entity158 and @entity32 .

title: Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of dormant corneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['healing in dormant corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the costs of screening @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ) for @entity378 ( @entity378 ) using the novel interferon-gamma release assay QuantiFERON((R))- @entity378 Gold In-tube (QFT) versus the @entity272 ( @entity272 ). We used a prospective observational study with a cost-comparison analysis. The study was conducted at a regional center for ambulatory @entity378 treatment. The study included 100 Israeli @entity12767 who were referred for routine @entity378 screening. The @entity1 were tested with both @entity272 and QFT. For the @entity272 , induration of 10 mm or more was considered a positive @entity1062 . For the QFT, a threshold of 0.35 IU/ml interferon-gamma above background levels was a positive @entity1062 . We developed a computerized model of the present @entity272 -only screening method versus the QFT either alone (instead of the @entity272 ) or as a confirmatory @entity1062 for a positive @entity272 . Of the 100 subjects, 34 had a positive @entity272 result and 17 had a positive QFT result. There was poor agreement between the @entity272 and the QFT (kappa = 0.19). Assuming adherence to treatment of 50%, costs were minimized by using the QFT to confirm a positive @entity272 (< @entity7634 >4155). The QFT-only model was cheaper than the @entity272 -only model (< @entity7634 >7280 vs. < @entity7634 >8217, respectively). The QFT-only method required the fewest clinic visits (121) compared to the @entity272 (344). Adherence to treatment in the QFT-positive group was 47% compared with 12% for the @entity272 -positive group. Screening @entity12767 with the QFT @entity1062 compared to the @entity272 resulted in fewer possible cases being identified, lower costs, and increased adherence to treatment. Costs were minimized by using the QFT to confirm a positive @entity272 . A QFT-based screening program for @entity12767 is feasible and should be evaluated systematically.

title: The QuantiFERON- @entity378 -GOLD assay for XXXX screening in @entity12767 : a cost-comparison analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'tuberculin skin test']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the genetic contributions to presbycusis. METHOD: Presbycusis was assessed by audiometric measurements at 3 waves of the population-based Epidemiology of @entity393 Study (EHLS). Measurements from the most recent hearing examination were used, at which time the subjects (3,510 @entity1 from the EHLS study) were between 48 and 100 years of age. Heritability of presbycusis was estimated using maximum likelihood methods in 973 biological relative pairs from 376 families. @entity1423 was also evaluated by tetrachoric correlations, odds ratios, and lambda statistics in 594 sibling pairs from 373 sibships. RESULTS: The prevalence of presbycusis conformed to previous research, increasing with age and male sex. Heritability estimates for presbycusis adjusted for age, sex, education level, and exposure to work noise exceeded 50%, and siblings of an affected relative were at 30% higher risk. When stratified by sex, estimates of @entity1423 were higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that genetic factors contribute to age-related @entity393 in this population-based sample. The @entity1423 is stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: XXXX of age-related @entity393 in an epidemiological study of older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing Loss']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Familial aggregation', 'familial aggregation']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['Familial aggregation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical outcome in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity698 at computed tomography (CT) in whom treatment is deemed unnecessary after clinical evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 2283 @entity1 (856 @entity1 , 1427 @entity1 ; mean age, 46 years; age range, 18-99 years) who underwent CT because they were suspected of having @entity698 between 2002 and 2007 were retrospectively identified. CT reports were reviewed, and the likelihood of @entity698 was assigned a score on a five-point scale: score 1, definitely absent; score 2, nonvisualized appendix with no secondary signs of @entity32 ; score 3, equivocal; score 4, probable; and score 5, definitely present. Diagnosis of @entity698 at CT was considered a false-positive result if the CT report was classified as probable or definite @entity698 but the @entity1 was not treated within 4 days. Cases with false-positive results were reviewed by two readers blinded to @entity1 outcome, supporting clinical data, and prospective scan interpretation, and a grade was assigned by using the same scale. Medical records were reviewed to determine outcomes. Descriptional statistics were used. RESULTS: Overall, 516 (23%) of 2283 @entity1 had CT findings of probable or definite @entity698 . Thirteen (3%) of 516 @entity1 did not receive immediate treatment for @entity698 . Of these, five (38%; 95% confidence interval: 18%, 65%) underwent later appendectomy with proved @entity698 after a mean interval of 118 days (range, 5-443 days). Seven (54%) of 13 @entity1 never developed @entity698 across a mean follow-up of 583 days (range, 14-1460 days). One (8%) of 13 had a normal appendix at eventual surgery. CONCLUSION: Five of 13 @entity1 with CT findings of @entity698 and reassuring clinical evaluation results in whom immediate treatment was deferred ultimately returned with @entity698 . In @entity1 with CT results positive for @entity698 and benign or atypical clinical findings, a diagnosis of chronic or recurrent @entity698 may be considered.

title: Acute appendicitis: clinical outcome in XXXX with an initial false-positive CT diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of recurrent @entity49 is 2-fold higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . In contrast, no such sex difference in the risk of first @entity49 has been reported. We hypothesized that, for a first event, a risk difference between the sexes is masked by female exposure to reproductive factors (oral contraception, pregnancy/puerperium, and postmenopausal hormone therapy). METHODS AND RESULTS: From the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of Risk Factors for @entity49 (MEGA) study, a population-based case-control study on risk factors for @entity49 , 2915 @entity1 with a first @entity49 and their partners as control subjects were included. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for first @entity49 were assessed in @entity1 compared with @entity1 without reproductive risk factors by use of conditional logistic regression. Analyses were stratified in 10-year age categories to account for the variation in exposure to reproductive risk factors over different age groups and adjusted for body mass index and smoking. Overall, @entity1 had a 2.1-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.4) increased risk of first @entity49 compared with @entity1 without reproductive risk factors. Similar results were found when 10-year age categories were viewed separately. Adjustment for body mass index and smoking and exclusion of @entity5 @entity1 did not materially affect the results. CONCLUSIONS: When female reproductive risk factors are taken into account, the risk of a first @entity49 is twice as high in @entity1 as in @entity1 . These findings are in line with previous studies on recurrent @entity49 and may have implications for future treatment and prevention strategies.

title: Sex difference in risk of second but not of first XXXX : paradox explained.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Venous Thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a @entity1489 that appears to be associated with a large number of other @entity5 . We collected all reported cases in Israel and estimated its association with other @entity5 , including haematological @entity5 . The population based Israel @entity5 Registry identified 335 @entity1 with @entity3852 diagnosed between1989 and 2010. Ninety-seven percent were in the Jewish population; median age at diagnosis for Jewish @entity1 was 73  4 and 55  6  years for the Arab population. Other associated @entity5 were encountered in 92 @entity1 (27  4%) with @entity3852 (90 Jews, two Arabs). Of the Jewish cases, 66 presented with an associated malignancy before, and 24 after, the diagnosis of @entity3852 . @entity5 were not significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity3852 . Thirty-one of these associated @entity5 (34  4%) were haemato-oncological @entity5 , 24 were detected before and seven after the diagnosis of @entity3852 . The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for @entity5 was 3  67 for males and 3  62 for females, and the most frequent @entity5 recorded were @entity6444 (45%) and @entity706 (29%). Although @entity3852 is rare, clinicians should be aware of the possible association with B-cell @entity1071 when evaluating @entity1 with @entity1489 .

title: Increased incidence of @entity6444 in XXXX with @entity3852 - a population based study of 335 cases with @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumours', 'haematological malignancy', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'haemato-oncological neoplasias', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine skin tumours', 'rare aggressive skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multifocal early @entity356 (MEGC) is frequently observed and represents a serious risk when minimally invasive treatments are performed. @entity1 AND METHODS: We present the experience of two Italian centers situated in a relatively high incidence area for @entity356 . Out of a total of 791 surgical resections for EGC carried out in two Italian centers from 1976 to 2006, we identified 98 @entity1 with multifocal EGC (12.3%). Two hundred and sixteen lesions were observed. Generally sited near the principal @entity5 , secondary lesions were, however, sometimes detected distally from the upper @entity75 . No secondary lesions were detected in the upper third when the principal lesion was sited at the lower third. RESULTS: Survival of MEGC @entity1 was not significantly lower than that of @entity1 with monofocal EGC. No cases of gastric remnant relapse were observed at a mean follow-up of 9 years (range 1-28) after subtotal gastrectomy. DISCUSSION: When EGCs are detected, the possibility of MEGC must always be investigated by endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. When a MEGC is found in the lower third of the stomach and chromoendoscopy of the upper third has been performed, subtotal gastrectomy can be considered as sufficient treatment.

title: Subtotal gastrectomy as treatment for distal multifocal early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The outcome of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) has dramatically improved since the introduction of corticosteroids; however, although many regimens of treatment have been supplemented, the mortality has not improved further. OBJECTIVE: To describe the severity and outcome in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1252 aged  <=18 years in a group of Thai @entity1 , compare gender and age differences, and our outcomes with those from developed countries. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the files of @entity1 aged  <=18 years diagnosed with @entity1252 admitted to Songklanagarind University Hospital in southern Thailand, for the period 1985-2007. @entity1 survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: There were 213 @entity1252 @entity1 , 41 males and 172 females, average age 11.6  2.6 years, with a median follow-up of 3.6 years. Outcomes were alive (109), lost to follow-up (22), referred (31) or deceased (51). Of the @entity1 who were alive, 23 were not on any treatment, 59 were on prednisolone alone while 27 were on prednisolone plus some other immunosuppressive drug. Total survival rates were 88%, 76% and 64% at 2, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Males had significantly worse survival than females at 2 and 5 years (78% vs 91% and 58% vs 80%, respectively, p=0.018). There were no differences in mortality between age groups. The 5-year survival rates in the periods 1985-1993, 1994-2000 and 2001-2007 were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1252 in southern Thailand showed different outcomes compared to some studies and similar survival rates and treatment status to other studies, with one-fourth of surviving @entity1 being free of medication.

title: Twenty-two years' experience with childhood-onset XXXX in a developing country: are outcomes similar to developed countries?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: Gastric restrictive surgery has evolved over the past decade as the treatment of choice for morbid @entity28 . We reviewed our experience with 289 @entity1 who underwent gastric surgery for morbid @entity28 . @entity66 included @entity1576 in 19 percent of the @entity1 , @entity101 in 36 percent, @entity6 in 15 percent, @entity625 in 30 percent, and @entity299 in 6 percent. Operative mortality was 0. The follow-up rate was 93 percent. Overall mortality was 1 percent, with no @entity204 directly attributed to the operative procedure. Weight loss was studied over the 6-year study period. Four to 6 years postoperatively, overall weight loss was 50 to 64 percent of excess weight. The treatment failure rate 12 to 18 months postoperatively was 5 percent. The experience with gastric restrictive surgery in 12 centers involving 5,178 @entity1 was reviewed and compared with our results. Overall operative and late mortality rates were quite similar to observed @entity204 rates for nonobese @entity1 and @entity1 between 25 and 64 years of age. These data suggest that gastric surgery for morbid @entity28 results in a significant reduction in health risk.

title: Gastric restrictive operations for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rate of development of parasite-specific immune responses can be studied by following their age profiles in exposed and infected hosts. This study determined the cytokine-age profiles of Zimbabweans resident in a @entity4114 endemic area and further investigated the relationship between the cytokine responses and @entity281 intensity. METHODS: Schistosome adult worm antigen-specific IFN-gamma, IL-4, @entity225 and @entity688 cytokine responses elicited from whole blood cultures were studied in 190 Zimbabweans exposed to @entity4114 @entity281 (aged 6 to 40 years old). The cytokines were measured using capture ELISAs and the data thus obtained together with @entity4114 egg count data from urine assays were analysed using a combination of parametric and nonparametric statistical approaches. RESULTS: Age profiles of schistosome @entity281 in the study population showed that @entity281 rose to peak in childhood (11-12 years) followed by a sharp decline in @entity281 intensity while prevalence fell more gradually. Mean @entity281 intensity was 37 eggs/10 ml urine (SE 6.19 eggs/10 ml urine) while @entity281 prevalence was 54.7%. Measurements of parasite-specific cytokine responses showed that IL-4, @entity225 and @entity688 but not IFN-gamma followed distinct age-profiles. Parasite-specific @entity688 production developed early, peaking in the youngest age group and declining thereafter; while IL-4 and @entity225 responses were slower to develop with a later peak. High @entity688 producers were likely to be egg positive with @entity688 production increasing with increasing @entity281 intensity. Furthermore @entity1 producing high levels of @entity688 produced little or no @entity225 , suggesting that @entity688 may be involved in the regulation of @entity225 levels. IL-4 and IFN-gamma did not show a significant relationship with @entity281 status or intensity and were positively associated with each other. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results show that the @entity688 responses develop early compared to the @entity225 response and may be down-modulating immunopathological responses that occur during the early phase of @entity281 . The results further support current suggestions that the Th1/Th2 dichotomy does not sufficiently explain susceptibility or resistance to schistosome @entity281 .

title: Cytokine responses to @entity4114 in a Zimbabwean population: contrasting profiles for IFN-gamma, IL-4, XXXX and @entity688 with age.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

answer: @entity225 :: (3567,Gene) :: ['IL-5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) often hinders the @entity299 program. The aim of this study was evaluating the relative cost-effectiveness of new rehabilitation strategies which include the diagnosis and treatment of @entity3657 in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) undergoing @entity299 . DATA SOURCES: Best-available evidence was retrieved from literature and combined with primary data from 231 @entity1 . METHODS: We developed a markov decision model to compare the following treatment strategies: 1. @entity299 only; 2. ankle-brachial index (ABI) if @entity299 fails followed by diagnostic work-up and revascularization for @entity3657 if needed; 3. ABI prior to @entity299 followed by diagnostic work-up and revascularization for @entity3657 if needed. Quality-adjusted-life years (QALYs), life-time costs (US  ), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), and gain in net health benefits (NHB) in QALY equivalents were calculated. A threshold willingness-to-pay of  75,000 was used. RESULTS: ABI if @entity299 fails was the most favorable strategy with an ICER of  44,251 per QALY gained and an incremental NHB compared to @entity299 only of 0.03 QALYs (95% CI: -0.17, 0.29) at a threshold willingness-to-pay of  75,000/QALY. After sensitivity analysis, a combined cardiac and vascular rehabilitation program increased the success rate and would dominate the other two strategies with total lifetime costs of  30,246 a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 3.84 years, and an @entity2166 (95%CI:-0.24, 0.46) compared to current practice. The results were robust for other different input parameters. CONCLUSION: ABI measurement if @entity299 fails followed by a diagnostic work-up and revascularization for @entity3657 if needed are potentially cost-effective compared to @entity299 only.

title: Cost-effectiveness of new cardiac and vascular rehabilitation strategies for XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['incremental NHB of 0.06 QALYs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aspects of masculinity and gender role, particularly those that are traditional and restrictive, are related to poorer physical and psychological outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5 . This longitudinal study uses a @entity5 -specific assessment to determine whether @entity5 -related masculine threat (CMT) predicts prostate-related (i.e., urinary, bowel, sexual) functioning over time, and whether @entity5 -related emotional approach coping (EAC) processes explain these relationships. Whether coping self-efficacy and emotional suppression explain effects of CMT on EAC also is tested. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 (M age = 65.76; SD = 9.04) who underwent radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy for localized @entity263 within two years were assessed on physical and psychological variables at study entry (T1), and two (T2) and four (T3) months later. RESULTS: Analyses controlling for baseline functioning and age revealed that CMT predicted declines in (T1 to T3) urinary (B = -.21, p < .05), bowel (B = -.24, p < .05), and sexual (B = -.17, p < .05) function. CMT also predicted decreased emotional processing (T1 to T2), but not emotional expression. Decreased emotional processing predicted declining prostate-related functioning and helps explain the effect of CMT on bowel and sexual (but not urinary) functioning. Low coping self-efficacy (p < .05), but not emotional suppression, was a mechanism by which CMT predicted emotional processing. CONCLUSIONS: The extent to which @entity1 believe that @entity5 is inconsistent with their masculinity exacerbates declines in prostate-related functioning following @entity5 treatment. CMT likely shapes coping responses and negatively affects the efficacy of emotion-directed coping. Emotion-regulating coping processes, particularly the ability to process @entity5 , appears to be one pathway through which gender role affects recovery from @entity263 .

title: Cancer-related masculine threat, emotional approach coping, and physical functioning following treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related emotions']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the experience of 2 different surgical units in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) on @entity82 with resection or percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), respectively. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: When allowed by the hepatic functional reserve, surgery is the therapy for @entity157 on @entity82 ; alternative treatments are proposed because of the high @entity5 recurrence rate after resection. RFA is being widely adopted to treat @entity157 . METHODS: Over a 4-year period, 79 cirrhotics with @entity157 underwent resection in 1 surgical unit (group A) and another 79 had RFA at a different unit (group B). @entity1 selection, operative mortality, hospital stay, and 1- and 3-year overall and disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Group A (surgery): mean follow-up was 28.9 +/- 17.9 months; operative mortality was 3.8%, mean hospital stay 9 days; 1- and 3-year survival were, respectively, 83 and 65%. One- and 3-year disease-free survival were 79 and 50%. Group B (RFA): mean follow-up was 15.6 +/- 11.7 months. Mean hospital stay was 1 day (range 1-8). One- and 3-year survival were 78 and 33%; 1- and 3-year disease-free survival were 60 and 20%. Overall and disease-free survival were significantly higher in group A (P = 0.002 and 0.001). The advantage of surgery was more evident for @entity1 -Pugh class A @entity1 and for single @entity5 of more than 3 cm in diameter. Results were similar in 2 groups for @entity1 -Pugh class B @entity1 CONCLUSIONS: RFA has still to be confirmed as an alternative to surgery for potentially-resectable HCCs.

title: Surgical resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of XXXX on cirrhotic liver.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate interactional factors related to the recognition of suicide risk in @entity1 with @entity161 . The study focused on 17 @entity161 @entity1 who had committed suicide during the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland between April 1, 1987, and March 31, 1988, in the province of Kuopio. Consensus case reports were assembled by using the psychological autopsy method. Study methods included structured and in-depth interviews of next of kin and interviews of health care or social services workers who had treated the suicide victims. Male and female @entity1 with @entity161 committed suicide in equal proportions. Most had suffered from @entity161 for more than 15 years; all but one had been receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of suicide. Retrospective assessment indicated that 59 percent of the @entity1 were clinically depressed at the time of suicide. In 76 percent of the cases, the mental health professionals involved in treatment had not believed that there was a risk of suicide during their last contact with the @entity1 . In 29 percent of the cases, the @entity1 's paranoid ideas concerning treatment personnel had increased. @entity1 ' withdrawal from @entity1 relationships because of @entity308 was related to loss of the treatment professionals' concern for the @entity1 . The findings in this descriptive study suggest that withdrawal by a @entity1 with @entity161 and an increase in the @entity1 's @entity146 should be regarded as signals of risk of suicide.

title: Suicide risk in XXXX : an analysis of 17 consecutive suicides.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid behavior']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity29354 ( @entity7840 ), an analogue of @entity6108 , has been shown to have potential anticancer effects against several @entity5 . However, the molecular mechanism underlying anticancer activity of @entity7840 has not been well established yet. In this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of @entity7840 in @entity1 @entity5 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects and related signaling pathways of @entity7840 were evaluated using @entity3460 exclusion assay, @entity14939 staining, Western blot analysis, siRNA, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity7840 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by @entity12982 cleavage, activation of @entity522 , and nuclear condensation. @entity7840 also decreased @entity3419 ( @entity3419 ) expression through facilitating protein degradation. In addition, @entity7840 enhanced the induction of pro-apoptotic protein @entity589 , resulting in their conformational change, translocation into mitochondrial outer membrane, and its oligomerization. The down-regulation of @entity3419 by siRNA targeting @entity3419 and @entity29355 increasingly activated @entity589 to trigger apoptosis. Moreover, @entity7840 -induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in various @entity1 @entity5 cell lines were associated with @entity3419 down-regulation and induction of @entity589 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity7840 may be a potential anticancer drug candidate to induce apoptosis through down-regulation of @entity3419 in @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Apoptotic effect of @entity29354 on XXXX cells via modulation of @entity3419 and @entity589 .

entities_list: @entity29354 :: ('MESH:C533260', 'Chemical') :: ['Dibenzylideneacetone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity29355 :: ('MESH:C066851', 'Chemical') :: ['mithramycin A']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity3419 :: ('6667', 'Gene') :: ['Sp1', 'specificity protein 1']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: Light and electron microscopy were coupled with point counting methods to quantitate shape and volume changes of goblet cells during their migration and maturation from the base of the crypt to the colonic surface epithelium in the @entity95 . After differentiation, goblet cells attain a @entity2611 in the basal third of the crypt. The cells elongate and dramatically decrease in volume as they move into the surface epithelium. The distributions and volume fractions of organelles were found to vary considerably, depending on the location of the goblet cell in the epithelium. Mucin granules are initially synthesized throughout the cytoplasm, but become increasingly concentrated as the cell matures. Organelles involved in synthesis such as the Golgi apparatus and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) similarly attain a more concentrated arrangement as the cell moves up in the crypt. The mean cell volume decreases from 1,228.8 microns3 for cells in the basal third of the crypt to 541.3 microns3 for goblet cells on the surface. Most organelles decrease in proportion to this decrease, although a disproportionately large decrease in the @entity1893 was measured. When actual subcellular volumes are calculated, a net decrease in several subcellular compartments is detected. This loss of granules and organelles is accomplished by the continual synthesis and secretion of mucin granules. Cytoplasm and organelles become entrapped in the upward movement of granules towards the cell apex, become irretrievably isolated, and are sloughed into the crypt lumen. This process accounts for the decrease in cell volume and contributes to the altered cytoarchitecture of the cell.

title: Cytoarchitectural reorganization of XXXX colonic goblet cells during baseline secretion.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'rough endoplasmic reticulum']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad pyramidal configuration']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of @entity33012 , the active metabolite of @entity396 , was developed and validated. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a C(18) column. An API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer equipped with Turbo IonSpray ionization source was used as detector and was operated in the negative ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring using the precursor to product ion combinations of m/z 367-249 and 296-269 was performed to quantify @entity33012 and the internal standard @entity918 , respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range of 10.0-3000 pg mL(-1) using 200 microL plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 10.0 pg mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation over the entire concentration range was less than 8.3%. Accuracy determined at three concentrations (25.0, 200 and 2700 pg mL(-1) for @entity33012 ) ranged from -0.5 to 1.2% in terms of relative error. Each plasma sample was chromatographed within 3.5 min. The method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study of @entity396 in @entity1 plasma after an oral administration of 0.6 mg @entity396 .

title: Determination of XXXX in @entity1 plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity33012 :: ('MESH:C047042', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol acid']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

answer: @entity33012 :: (MESH:C047042,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior animal and @entity1 studies of prenatal exposure to solvents including @entity3321 (PCE) have shown increases in the risk of certain @entity154 among exposed offspring. OBJECTIVES: This retrospective cohort study examined whether PCE contamination of public drinking water supplies in Massachusetts influenced the occurrence of @entity154 among @entity1 whose mothers were exposed around the time of conception. METHODS: The study included 1,658 @entity1 whose mothers were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water and a comparable group of 2,999 @entity1 of unexposed mothers. Mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire to gather information on all of their prior births, including the presence of anomalies, residential histories and confounding variables. PCE exposure was estimated using EPANET water distribution system modeling software that incorporated a fate and transport model. RESULTS: @entity1 whose mothers had high exposure levels around the time of conception had an increased risk of @entity154 . The adjusted odds ratio of all anomalies combined among @entity1 with prenatal exposure in the uppermost quartile was 1.5 (95% CI: 0.9, 2.5). No meaningful increases in the risk were seen for lower exposure levels. Increases were also observed in the risk of @entity601 (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 0.8, 14.0) and oral clefts (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 0.7, 15.0) among offspring with any prenatal exposure. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the risk of certain @entity154 is increased among the offspring of @entity1 who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water around the time of conception. Because these results are limited by the small number of @entity1 with @entity154 that were based on maternal reports, a follow-up investigation should be conducted with a larger number of affected @entity1 who are identified by independent records.

title: Prenatal exposure to @entity3321 -contaminated drinking water and the risk of XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrachloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: Of three casein phosphatases isolated from the cytosol of @entity1 cord blood erythrocytes two were @entity1953 -dependent, E2 and E3. In the presence of @entity5303 , E2 activity was the most prominent. In addition to casein, E2 dephosphorylated phosvitin and @entity7480 ( @entity7481 ) with pH optima at 6.8-7.2 for proteins and 9.0 for @entity7481 . The native enzyme had a molecular weight of 104,000 daltons after @entity27706 Ultrogel filtration. According to @entity214 /PAGE it consisted of two subunits, 78,000 and 15,000 daltons. The 104,000-dalton form exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics and had the greatest affinity for casein between protein substrates tested. @entity1068 denaturated the enzyme by 80%. Optimal activation of E2 phosphatase was achieved with 5 mmol/l @entity5303 which did not affect the catalytic properties of the enzyme but did affect the rate of 'E-S' complex formation. Inorganic @entity9955 was not inhibitory for the 104,000-dalton enzyme. Judging by all these properties the natural substrate for E2 casein phosphatase could be P- @entity2388 kinase.

title: XXXX -dependent protein phosphatases from @entity1 cord blood erythrocytes. II. Further characterization of E2 casein phosphatase.

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity7480 :: ('MESH:C008644', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenyl phosphate']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['Cobalt']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity96 from a colorectal primary were treated by prolonged and continuous intra-arterial hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy over a period of time from December 1969 through July 1976. A 10-day course of @entity1487 was administered in the hospital, and @entity1 were discharged receiving 5-FUDR by continuous arterial infusion through a chronometric infusion pump. Objective responses of 100% were obtained in 15% of @entity1 , 50% response in 39% of @entity1 , and 25% response in 21% of @entity1 . The median survival from onset of treatment was 8.5 months, 6.9 months, and 7 months, respectively, for 100%, 50%, and 25% responders versus 3.6 months for nonresponders. Survivals from onset of treatment were generally less in those with no disease-free interval. No relationship of response to sex and age was found. @entity1 previously treated with @entity1487 intravenously responded to intra-arterial chemotherapy; 13% had a 100% response, and 54% had a 50% response. No relationship of drug dose to response was observed. @entity137 was frequently systemic and mild to moderate. Numerous complications occurred due to the catheter, complete or partial @entity715 occurring in 18.6% and 20.8%, respectively, and 30% of @entity1 had displacement of the catheter. The role of partial @entity432 in terms of response and survival may be significant. Future studies should involve comparison of direct surgical placement versus percutaneous placement of catheters.

title: Prolonged and continuous percutaneous intra-arterial hepatic infusion chemotherapy in advanced metastatic XXXX from colorectal primary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We investigate whether the extinction of inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning can be subjected to endogenous state-dependence with systemic injections of @entity1425 (E), and whether endogenous @entity1063 (NE) and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) > locus coeruleus > hippocampus/amygdala (HIPP/BLA) pathway participate in this. @entity35 trained in IA were submitted to two sessions of extinction 24 h apart: In the first, the animals were submitted to a training session of extinction, and in the second they were tested for the retention of extinction. Saline or E were given i.p. immediately after the extinction training (post-extinction training injections) and/or 6 min before the extinction test (pre-extinction test). Post-extinction training E (50 or 100  g/kg) induced a poor retrieval of extinction in the test session of this task unless an additional E injection (50  g/kg) was given prior to the extinction test. This suggested state-dependence. @entity6341 (0.01  g/side) microinfused into the NTS prior to the extinction test session blocked E-induced state-dependence. @entity1063 (NE, 1  g/side) infused bilaterally into NTS restores the extinction impairment caused by post-extinction training i.p. E. In animals with bilateral NTS blockade induced by @entity6341 , NE (1  g/side) given prior to the extinction test into the @entity1249 region of the dorsal hippocampus or into the basolateral amygdala restored the normal extinction levels that had been impaired by @entity6341 . These results suggest a role for the NTS > locus coeruleus > HIPP/BLA pathway in the retrieval of extinction, as it has been shown to have in the consolidation of inhibitory avoidance and of object recognition learning.

title: Fear extinction can be made state-dependent on peripheral epinephrine: role of XXXX in the nucleus tractus solitarius.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol', 'muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine a demographic profile of @entity888 (MA)-related admissions to major @entity146 services in Cape Town, obtain a substance use profile from admitted @entity1 , a profile of common MA-related symptoms encountered during the assessment of the @entity1 presenting with MA-related problems, and a brief profile of the @entity146 diagnoses made. METHOD: Staff in six @entity146 hospitals or wards in Cape Town collected data on @entity888 related admissions between July and December 2008 using a one-page record review form. The data collection form consisted of the @entity1 's demographic details, presenting symptoms, previous admission details, current MA and other substance use information, and DSM-IV diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 235 forms were completed. Most @entity1 were male (69%) and the mean age was 25 years. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity146 (74%), followed by delusions (59%) and @entity1833 (57%). Males were two times more likely to present with @entity146 as compared to females, while females were significantly more likely to present with depressed mood or euphoric/elevated mood. The majority of @entity1 had substance-induced @entity914 (41%), followed by @entity161 (31%). Twelve percent (12%) had @entity162 . CONCLUSION: MA-related @entity146 admissions pose serious challenges to all health services dealing with these @entity1 . Further training and treatment protocol development and distribution is indicated.

title: Monitoring the prevalence of XXXX -related presentations at @entity146 hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggression', 'aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic paediatric @entity1317 are a great challenge due to low incidence and specific characteristics of paediatric anatomy and physiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate their epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic options and complications. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was evaluated. METHODS: In a retrospective clinical study 44 @entity1 aged 9.0 +/- 3.2 years treated for traumatic extremity @entity455 in our Level I @entity130 center between 1971 and 2006 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were age > 14, venous and @entity1317 . Demographic data, mechanism of injury, severity of @entity455 (by Vollmar and MESS), diagnostic and therapeutic management, complications and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The most commonly injured vessel was the femoral artery (25%) followed by the brachial artery (22.7%). The mechanism of injury was penetrating (31.8%), isolated severe blunt extremity @entity130 (29.6%), @entity1230 (25%) and @entity174 (13.6%). In 63.6% no specific vascular diagnostic procedure was performed in favour of emergency surgery. Surgical reconstructive strategies were preferred (68.2%). A MESS < 7 was associated with initial (p < 0.05) and definite limb salvage (p < 0.001) of the lower extremity. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic @entity1317 are very rare. The most common situations of @entity455 in childhood were penetrating injuries and @entity174 of the extremities either as @entity130 or in multiply injured @entity1 . In paediatric @entity1 , the MESS could serve as a basis for decision making for limb salvage or amputation.

title: Traumatic extremity XXXX in @entity1 : epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment and prognostic value of Mangled Extremity Severity Score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'humeral supracondylar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic vascular injury', 'paediatric vascular injuries', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'isolated injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']