abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) compromise the ability of hippocampal neurons to survive various insults, and do so, at least in part, by exacerbating steps in the @entity2227 / @entity1024 ( @entity143 )/ @entity460 cascade of damage. As evidence, GCs impair uptake of @entity2227 by hippocampal astrocytes, the GC endangerment of the hippocampus is @entity143 receptor dependent, and GCs exacerbate @entity4176 (KA)-induced @entity460 mobilization. These observations predict that GCs should also exacerbate KA-induced accumulation of extracellular @entity2227 and @entity492 . To test this, adrenalectomized @entity35 were given replacement GCs in either the low or high physiological range. Three days later, @entity35 were anesthetized and 1 mM KA was infused through a dialysis probe placed in the dorsal hippocampus. Extracellular @entity535 concentrations in the dialysate were then assessed by HPLC. After KA infusion, high-GC @entity35 (30 +/- 3 micrograms/dl) had significantly elevated concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity492 compared with low-GC @entity35 (all less than 0.95 micrograms/dl). The @entity2227 accumulation was due to GCs raising pre-KA concentrations, whereas the @entity492 accumulation was due to GCs exacerbating the KA-induced rise. @entity1160 concentrations were unaffected by KA, whereas the high-GC regimen elevated @entity1160 concentrations both before and after KA. @entity2226 concentrations rose after infusion of KA, but were unaffected by GC regime, whereas @entity493 concentrations were unaffected by either manipulation. @entity563 concentrations were unaffected by KA, but were depressed both before and after KA in high-GC @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glucocorticoids exacerbate XXXX -induced extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acids in the @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2600 -loaded drug-eluting beads represent a novel drug delivery method that allows for the locoregional delivery of @entity2600 to colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The method has shown impressive response rates. However, the pathological response to this treatment has not previously been demonstrated. METHODS: @entity1 with easily resectable CRLM were treated with drug-eluting beads delivering irinotecan (DEBIRI) 4 weeks prior to resection. Pathological @entity5 response was graded using a validated system. The intraoperative detection of previously unidentified disease allowed for the assessment of pathological responses directly attributable to bead treatment. RESULTS: In @entity1 1, segmental embolization of the @entity75 in segment @entity797 resulted in 100% @entity39 (0% viability). An untreated lesion in segment IV was found to be 30% viable. In @entity1 2, subsegmental embolization of the @entity75 in segment VI resulted in 60% @entity39 and 40% @entity82 (0% viability). An untreated lesion in segment VI remained 60% viable. In @entity1 3, lobar embolization of the @entity75 in segment II resulted in 0% viability. Two further lesions within the treated hemiliver, both with 0% viability, and one lesion in the untreated hemiliver with 45% viability were discovered at laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates the effectiveness of DEBIRI in the treatment of CRLM. High rates of @entity5 destruction are possible, even with the proximal lobar administration of DEBIRI. Lobar administration appears to be an appropriate method of delivery for integration into future therapeutic regimens.

title: Segmental and lobar administration of drug-eluting beads delivering irinotecan leads to XXXX destruction: a case-control series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the direct cost of care of @entity1 with childhood-onset @entity1252 (cSLE), and to determine the direct cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) with cSLE. METHODS: Administrative databases from 2 large tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers in the United States were reviewed for all @entity1 with cSLE (n = 119) diagnosed and regularly treated in these centers between January 2001 and April 2004. Health-related quality of life estimates for @entity1 with cSLE (n = 297) reported in the literature were used to calculate QALYs based on global health ratings of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (range 0-100). RESULTS: Information on 3,184 @entity1 -months of followup was included in the analysis. During a mean +/- SD followup of 27 +/- 11.8 months, the direct cost of care for the cohort amounted to  3,965,048, excluding outpatient medications. Irrespective of @entity1 sex, the mean +/- SD cost of cSLE per month was  1,245 +/-  2,352, or approximately  14,944 per year. Inpatient and day hospital care accounted for 28% of the cost, laboratory testing accounted for 21%, inpatient/day- @entity1 medication costs accounted for 13%, and dialysis accounted for 11%. Visits to the rheumatology clinic only contributed 9% to the direct cost of care. When including an estimated outpatient medication cost of  1,190, the direct cost of cSLE per QALY was  30,908. CONCLUSION: @entity1 diagnosed with cSLE were found to have a considerable direct cost of care. The treatment of cSLE appears to be far more costly than that of adult @entity1252 and @entity4932 reported in the literature.

title: Cost of treatment of childhood-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The biodegradation of spent saline bottles, a low density @entity691 product (LDPE) by two selected Arthrobacter sp. under in vitro conditions is reported. Chemical and UV pretreatment play a vital role in enhancing the rate of biodegradation. Treated LDPE film exhibits a higher weight loss and density when compared to untreated films. Arthrobacter oxydans and Arthrobacter globiformis grew better in medium containing pretreated film than in medium containing untreated film. The decrease in density and weight loss of LDPE was also more for pretreated film when compared to untreated film indicating the affect of abiotic treatment on mechanical properties of LDPE. The decrease in the absorbance corresponding to @entity6738 groups and double bonds that were generated during pretreatment suggest that some of the double bonds were cut by Arthrobacter species. Since Arthrobacter sp. are capable of degrading @entity1133 , splitting of @entity1133 group were also seen in FTIR spectrum indicating the evidence of biodegradation after microbial incubation. The results indicated that biodegradation rate could be enhanced by exposing LDPE to @entity3106 (a pro-oxidant) which acts as an initiator for the oxidation of the polymers leading to a decrease of molecular weight and formation of hydrophilic group. Therefore, the initial step for biodegradation of many inert polymers depends on a photo-oxidation of those polymers. The application in sufficient details with improved procedures utilizing recombinant microorganism with polymer degradation capacity can lead to a better plastic waste management in biomedical field. The present plastic disposal trend of waste accumulation can be minimized with this promising eco-friendly technique.

title: Synergistic effect of @entity3106 and photo treatment on the rate of biodegradation of low density XXXX spent saline vials.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium stearate']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: AIM: This paper reports a successful transformation of clinical practice from inpatient diagnosis and initiation of treatment for @entity27 to a nurse-led domiciliary model increasing @entity1 access and choice. BACKGROUND: @entity27 is common, affecting globally 2-4% of the adult population. It is characterized by periodic complete or partial collapse of the upper airway, leading to hypoxaemia and @entity1949 , resulting in @entity25 and impaired quality of life. It can be treated successfully with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure. Strategies for diagnosis and initiation of treatment have traditionally been inpatient-based, but limited facilities and increasing demand in many countries have necessitated alternative strategies. METHODS: As an extension to our current inpatient provision, we have established nurse-led domiciliary investigation and treatment. @entity1 meeting predefined criteria undergo a limited sleep study followed by therapy initiation at home. Confirmation of investigation findings, evaluation of treatment, education and long-term review are carried out in nurse-led clinics. RESULTS: We evaluated outcome in the first 150 @entity1 managed in this way between August 2002 and December 2003. In our highly selected @entity1 group, 79% of those who undertook a trial of treatment continued at 3 months, with average compliance >5 hours per night, a figure which compares favourably with our overall @entity1 population. Statistically significant sustained improvement in @entity25 was seen. Independent predictors of long-term acceptability of continuous positive airway pressure were disease severity and magnitude of improvement in @entity25 . CONCLUSION: A nurse-led service for domiciliary diagnosis, treatment initiation and on-going management of selected @entity1 with @entity27 is feasible and cost-effective, with outcomes comparable with conventional inpatient services. This approach is applicable in most countries where increasing demand for investigations greatly exceeds the availability of traditional facilities.

title: XXXX : a nurse-led domiciliary service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome', 'Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']


abstract: We have investigated changes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions of blood samples caused by such typical elements of laboratory handling as storage time, temperature and @entity2146 . The blood of five healthy subjects was stored upright in test tubes at 4, 22 and 37 degrees C over periods of 20 min, one, two, six and 24 h. Controlled @entity2146 was performed on a shaker. The following PMN functional parameters were measured: the white blood cell count (WBC), migration, elastase (EL) release, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. Migration was determined in a whole-blood membrane filter assay; ROS production by latex-stimulated, @entity6931 -enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) in a whole-blood assay; EL as EL alpha 1-antitrypsin complex; and lipid peroxidation by @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) generation. The reactions after handling were compared with the values measured immediately after blood withdrawal which served as reference values of 'genuine' PMN reactivity. The outstanding result was the marked scatter between the individual reactions. Overall, the proportion of migrating PMNs in the blood total decreased, while CL, correlating positively with @entity1865 , increased with the time of storage. EL increased considerably in some of the samples. Agitation raised CL and @entity1865 . The effect of temperature was apparent only after 24 h at 37 degrees C. There was evidence that inhomogeneities in the blood samples were another interfering factor, since resuspension of sedimented blood after storage can be incomplete. In order to obtain reliable results from PMN functional tests, whole-blood assays and processing of blood samples within 20 min after blood withdrawal are recommended.

title: Changes in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte function of blood samples induced by storage time, temperature and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present an updated analysis of survival, recurrence rate, and @entity137 for a cohort of @entity1 with @entity0 treated with high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From August 1997 to July 2001, a total of 32 @entity1 with 33 @entity0 were treated with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy after breast-conserving surgery as part of a Phase I/II protocol. All @entity1 had @entity5 with < or b=3 axillary nodes positive, nonlobular histology, negative surgical margins, and no evidence of extracapsular lymph node extension. Multiple brachytherapy catheters were used and radiation was delivered with a high activity (3-10Ci) (192)Ir source placed via remote after loader. Dose was prescribed to the @entity5 bed plus a 2 cm margin. A total of 3400 cGy was delivered in 10 fractions of 340 cGy each given twice daily over 5 days. @entity137 (skin, subcutaneous tissue, @entity158 , @entity4099 ) were evaluated by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria; cosmesis was assessed using a previously published scale. @entity137 scores were separated into four followup intervals: < or =6 months, >6 months and < or =2 years, >2 and < or =5 years, and >5 years. RESULTS: The actuarial local recurrence rate was 6.1% at 5 years with the last measured event at 70.5 months. A total of three treatment failures were observed at 25.8, 39.9, and 70.5 months of followup. All three were elsewhere failures within the treated breast. One @entity1 died after 90.0 months of followup secondary to a subsequently diagnosed @entity151 . For the purpose of analysis, @entity137 scores were assigned to each of four followup intervals: < or =6 months, >6 but < or =24 months, >24 but < or =60 months, and >60 months. Fat @entity39 was not seen in the first 6 months after treatment, then appeared in 27.3% of @entity1 from 6 to 24 months, 28.1% from 24 to 60 months, and 17.9% beyond 60 months. @entity137 appeared to stabilize with longer followup: the percentage of @entity1 showing any degree of @entity137 was 69.7%, 33.3%, 40.6%, and 28.6% at each successive time interval. @entity137 increased beyond 60 months: moderate to severe @entity137 was seen in 15.2%, 18.2%, 18.8%, and 35.7% of @entity1 successively. The percentage of @entity1 with less than excellent cosmetic outcome improved beyond 60 months (21.2%, 21.2%, 21.9%, and 11.1% successively). Only 1 @entity1 experienced more than mild @entity158 at any time. The percentage of @entity1 experiencing any degree of @entity158 improved over time (30.3%, 33.3%, 18.8%, 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our series showed a local recurrence rate of 6.1% at 5 years, which is comparable to that seen in conventional whole breast series. Fat @entity39 was found in more than half the cohort. Fat @entity39 , @entity158 , and cosmesis appeared to improve with longer followup, whereas @entity137 worsened and @entity137 stabilized.

title: Long-term outcome and @entity137 in a Phase I/II trial using high-dose-rate multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy for T1/T2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'Subcutaneous toxicity', 'subcutaneous toxicity', 'Skin toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T1-2 tumors']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['fat necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The effects of superovulatory treatment (FSH-P vs @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin, HMG) and of route of administration (i.m. vs. i.v.) of @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) on hormonal profiles were determined in 32 Angus x Hereford heifers. Heifers were superstimulated with either FSH-P (total of 26 mg) or HMG (total of 1,050 IU) beginning on d 9 to 12 of an estrous cycle and PGF2 alpha (40 mg) was administered at 60 and 72 h after the beginning of superovulatory treatments. Heifers were artificially inseminated three times at 12-h intervals beginning 48 h after PGF2 alpha treatment. Blood serum samples were collected immediately before treatments began, at 12-h intervals during the first 60 h, each 4 h during the next 96 h, and each 12 h until day of embryo collection. Concentrations of LH and FSH were not affected by hormone treatments, route of PGF2 alpha injection, or interactions between them. @entity53 -17 beta (E2-17 beta) levels were higher (P less than .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers 60 h after gonadotropin treatment. Peak concentration of E2-17 beta occurred earlier (P less than .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers and earlier in heifers injected with PGF2 alpha i.m. than in those injected i.v. @entity1420 concentrations were not influenced by treatment or route of PGF2 alpha administration, but were affected (P less than .01) by the interactions between treatment and route of PGF2 alpha administration. @entity1420 declined to basal levels earlier in the FSH-P- than in the HMG-treated heifers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endocrine changes in beef heifers superovulated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-P) or XXXX menopausal gonadotropin.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of @entity174 assessment (VFA) performed with the @entity1 in the supine position and conventional semiquantitative radiography of the spine by using conventional visual radiography of the spine as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional ethics review board; informed consent was obtained from the @entity1 . A total of 250 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 62.0 years; range, 25-89 years) consisting of 190 @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 25-89 years) and 60 @entity1 (mean age, 57.0 years; range, 27-83 years) who were suspected of having @entity170 and who underwent VFA in the supine position and radiography of the spine were evaluated. VFA and semiquantitative radiography were analyzed by using a six-marker point method to describe the shape and @entity85 . Visual radiography of the lateral spine was performed by an experienced radiologist. The agreement between VFA, visual radiography, and semiquantitative radiography of semiquantitative graded @entity174 was assessed by using weighted kappa statistics. RESULTS: Visual radiography helped identify 92 (36.8%) @entity1 with at least one @entity174 (mean, 1.8 per @entity1 ). Most @entity174 were present in T7, T12, and L1. Excellent agreement was found between VFA and visual radiography, with 97.5% concordance and kappa = 0.82; VFA and semiquantitative radiography were in agreement in 97.4% of @entity1 , with kappa = 0.83; and visual radiography and semiquantitative radiography were in agreement in 98.1%, with kappa = 0.87. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values calculated by lesion level for VFA compared with visual assessment were 83.6%, 99.1%, 84.1%, and 99.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: VFA performed with @entity1 in the supine position is an accurate method to help detect vertebral @entity174 when compared with conventional spine radiography. VFA permits combination of fracture assessment with bone mineral density measurement in a single session.

title: XXXX assessment in supine position: comparison by using conventional semiquantitative radiography and visual radiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of each vertebra']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Vertebral fracture']


abstract: Treatment options for lesions of the avascular region of the meniscus using regenerative medicine approaches based on resorbable scaffolds are rare. Recent approaches using scaffold-based techniques for tissue regeneration known from cartilage repair may be a promising treatment option for @entity937 . The aim of the study was the investigation of meniscus matrix formation of in vitro expanded @entity1 meniscus-derived cells in a three-dimensional (3-D) bioresorbable polymer graft for meniscal repair approaches. Cultivation of the @entity1 meniscus cells was performed in a resorbable scaffold material made of @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) and @entity4023 , stabilized with fibrin glue. Cell viability and distribution of @entity1 meniscus cells in @entity6987 -hyaluronan scaffolds were evaluated by @entity10156 and @entity2667 staining. Verification of typical meniscal extracellular matrix molecules like type I and type III collagen was performed histologically, immunohistochemically and by gene expression analysis. In results, 3-D scaffold-based meniscus cultures showed high cell viability over an observational period of 21 days in @entity6987 -hyaluronan scaffolds. On the protein level, type I collagen and proteoglycans were evident. Gene expression analysis confirmed the re-expression of meniscus-specific markers in @entity6987 -hyaluronan scaffolds. This study demonstrated that in vitro expanded @entity1 meniscus cells allow for formation of meniscal matrix components when cultured in 3-D @entity6987 -hyaluronan scaffolds stabilized with fibrin. These results encourage scaffold-based approaches for the treatment of @entity75 .

title: Expanded XXXX meniscus-derived cells in 3-D polymer-hyaluronan scaffolds for meniscus repair.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The vagina makes a major contribution to the normal female sexual response cycle. An @entity101 is considered a key event in the mechanism of sexual arousal. Recent research has focused mainly on the @entity8262 pathway and @entity7856 ( @entity7856 , @entity8262 specific PDE) in the control of vaginal vascular smooth muscle, whereas only little is known on the role of other key proteins and mediators of @entity1921 mediated signaling in this process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in the @entity1 vagina, by means of immunohistochemistry, the expression and distribution of phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1, known to hydrolize both @entity1919 and @entity8262 ) in relation to @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ), @entity3549 ( @entity3549 ) and protein gene product 9.5 ( @entity5855 ). STUDY DESIGN: Sections of @entity1 vagina (full wall specimens) were incubated with antibodies directed against PDE1, @entity10132 , @entity3549 , @entity5855 and alpha-actin, followed by exposure to fluorochrome-labelled secondary antibodies. Visualization was commenced by means of laser fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Microscopic examination revealed a dense meshwork of @entity5855 -positive nerve fibers innervating the sections of vaginal wall. Small vessels interspersing the tissue presented dense staining for PDE1 in their smooth musculature. Blood vessels were seen surrounded by PDE1-immunoreactive longitudinal smooth muscle fibers. The vessels were also found innervated by PGP-positive varicose nerve fibers characterized by the expression of @entity10132 . Some fibers presented immunosignals specific for @entity3549 . CONCLUSION: Key mediators of the @entity1919 and @entity8262 pathways are co-localized in nerves seen in close proximity to vascular smooth muscle expressing PDE1. These findings suggest that both signaling cascades are involved in the control of vaginal blood flow.

title: Phosphodiesterase type 1, XXXX and @entity3549 are involved in the control of @entity1 vaginal arterial vessels.

entities_list: @entity7856 :: ('8654', 'Gene') :: ['PDE5', 'phosphodiesterase type 5']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in vaginal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity3549 :: ('7432', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity1921 :: ('CHEBI:23447', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity10132 :: (796,Gene) :: ['calcitonin gene-related peptide']


abstract: Sympathetic mechanisms in the regulation of rectal tone and anal canal pressure have been investigated in the cat. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in noradrenergic cell bodies of the inferior @entity4494 , in nerve endings in the circular smooth-muscle layers of the rectum and internal anal sphincter, in the myenteric plexuses, and around blood vessels and anal glands. @entity1942 -like immunoreactivity was demonstrated exclusively in endocrine cells of the rectal mucosa. By radioimmunoassay the amount of neuropeptide Y in the inferior @entity4494 was found to be 28.5 (17.8-66.6) pmol g-1, in the rectum 0.8 (0.7-1.6) pmol g-1, and in the anal canal region 0.8 (0.5-1.0) pmol g-1 of tissue. Neuropeptide Y (4-80 pmol kg-1 @entity1009 intravenously) and @entity1942 (1-25 pmol kg-1 @entity1009 intravenously) increased rectal tone and anal canal pressure. The effects were not inhibited by @entity2997 , @entity5521 , or @entity1169 . @entity1063 (100-1000 pmol kg-1 @entity1009 intravenously) increased rectal tone and anal canal pressure. These effects were blocked by @entity5521 and @entity1169 . Electric stimulation of the lumbar @entity129 (8 Hz) increased rectal tone and anal canal pressure. After @entity1169 and @entity5521 the responses partly remained. On lumbar colonic nerve stimulation the remaining responses of the rectum and anal canal were 60% (40-68%) (p less than 0.05) and 20% (15-29%), respectively, whereas on hypogastric stimulation the remaining rectal and anal responses were 32% (20-42%) (p less than 0.05) and 31% (20-47%) (p less than 0.05). Further administration of @entity2997 abolished the remaining responses of the rectum and anal canal. Since neuropeptide Y is present in sympathetic neurons and mimics non-adrenergic responses to nerve stimulation, this peptide is a transmitter candidate for the effects resistant to adrenergic blocking agents but sensitive to @entity2997 . @entity1942 may also play a role in sphincter control, but it cannot be excluded that it activates mechanisms similar to those activated by neuropeptide Y.

title: Neuropeptide Y, XXXX , and sympathetic control of rectal tone and anal canal pressure in the cat.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['colonic nerves and the hypogastric nerves']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1942 :: ('5697', 'Gene') :: ['peptide YY', 'Peptide YY']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1942 :: (5697,Gene) :: ['peptide YY']


abstract: A vascular pathogenesis of @entity788 has been postulated in @entity6 , the aged, @entity244 , and various low-flow states. This report studies @entity235 pancreatic secretion in a preparation of @entity1457 produced by controlled hemorrhage maintained for varying durations. Pancreatic secretion was collected by cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in anesthetized @entity235 . Secretin was administered by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4 U/kg/h. Four 15-min samples of pancreatic juice were collected. Then the @entity235 were bled by arterial line withdrawing 25-30% of total blood volume or until the mean blood pressure dropped to about 60 mmHg. Blood was collected in heparinized containers for reinfusion. Blood samples for amylase and 15-min samples of pancreatic juice for volume, @entity3157 , and enzymes were obtained during @entity3485 as well as during and following restoration of the blood volume. @entity3485 induced significant decreases in pancreatic flow, @entity3157 and amylase secretion, parameters which increased after reinfusion but never returned to pre-shock levels. Increasing the period of @entity3485 increased the inhibition of pancreatic flow, increased blood amylase elevation, and resulted in visible pancreatic @entity4 . We conclude that pancreatic secretion is diminished by @entity3485 , that this is initially reversible when @entity3485 is brief, but that the disturbance of function progresses to inflammatory pathology when @entity3485 is prolonged.

title: The effect of XXXX on pancreatic secretion.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Ortner's Syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia', 'hypovolemia']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['hypovolemic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prevention and early detection are key elements for the reduction of @entity5 mortality. To apply pertinent measures effectively, high-risk groups need to be identified. With this aim, we assessed @entity5 mortality among migrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU), a high-risk area, to Germany and Israel. METHODS: We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing @entity5 mortality in two retrospective migrant cohorts from the FSU to Germany (n=34,393) and Israel (n=589,388) to that in the FSU and the host country. The study period ranges from 1990 to 2005 in Germany and from 1990 to 2003 in Israel. Vital status and cause of death were retrieved from municipal and state registries. To assess secular mortality trends, we calculated annual age-standardized mortality rates in the cohorts, the FSU, and the two host countries and conducted Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: SMRs (95% confidence intervals) for @entity1 in the German migrant cohort were 0.51 (0.36-0.70) compared with the FSU population and 1.44 (1.04-1.99) compared with the German population, respectively. For @entity1 , SMRs were 0.73 (0.49-1.03) compared with the FSU population and 1.40 (0.98-1.99) compared with the German population. SMRs for @entity1 in the Israeli migrant cohort were 0.49 (0.45-0.53) compared with the FSU population and 1.79 (1.65-1.94) compared with the Israeli population. SMRs for @entity1 in the Israeli cohort were 0.65 (0.59-0.72) compared with the FSU population and 1.82 (1.66-1.99) compared with the Israeli population. Poisson modeling showed a secular decrease in all populations with a time lag of 4-5 years between migrants and 'natives' in Germany and converging rates between migrants and the general population in Israel. CONCLUSION: @entity5 mortality in migrants from the FSU remains elevated after migration to Germany and Israel but is much lower than in the FSU. Due to a secular decline, it can be expected that mortality among migrants from the FSU reaches within a few years levels similar to those of the host countries today. Therefore, migrant-specific prevention and early detection measures cannot be recommended. Detailed risk factor profiles, however, need to be obtained through further studies.

title: XXXX mortality in two large cohorts of migrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel and Germany: are there implications for prevention?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stomach cancer', 'stomach cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stomach cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 during @entity326 is well described but the underlying mechanisms still remain to be resolved. This study was conducted to elucidate the involvement of endothelin in cardiac function during endotoxin shock by the use of endothelin receptor antagonism. METHODS: Anaesthetised and haemodynamically stable landrace @entity1707 received the nonpeptide mixed endothelin receptor antagonist @entity12584 , two hours after onset of endotoxaemia (n=7). Cardiopulmonary vascular changes, including cardiac index, @entity64 work index, coronary artery blood flow, rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt), and arterial and coronary sinus plasma levels of @entity18512 -like immunoreactivity were compared to a control group only receiving endotoxin (n=7). RESULTS: Plasma @entity18512 -like immunoreactivity increased threefold in the control group. @entity12584 effectively counteracted the endotoxin induced decrease in cardiac index. This was accompanied by a significant reduction of both right and left ventricular afterload. In addition, coronary artery blood flow increased and coronary vascular resistance decreased compared to controls. Dp/dt remained unaffected by endothelin receptor antagonism. A further increase in plasma @entity18512 -like immunoreactivity was seen in response to @entity12584 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the increased endothelin production during endotoxaemia contributes to a depressed cardiac performance and that endothelin receptor antagonism may counteract this development. Possible mechanisms for the improved cardiac performance include both a reduction of afterload and enhanced coronary blood flow.

title: Effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist XXXX on cardiac performance during porcine endotoxin shock.

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']


abstract: A @entity15398 isolated from citrus with @entity306 was grown in a cell-free medium and injected into leafhoppers (Euscelis plebejus). Injected leafhoppers, but not those fed on infected plants, transmitted the @entity15398 to white clover (Trifolium repens cv. S100) and @entity7588 ( @entity7588 cv. Valencia). Infected clover plants were severely stunted; infected @entity7588 plants showed typical symptoms of citrus @entity306 . The @entity15398 was detected in clover and @entity7588 plants by electron microscopy; the helical morphology of the organisms was most easily recognizable in sections 150-200 nm thick. The organism was re-isolated in cell-free media both from infected plants and from injected E. plebejus. The original isolate and those re-isolated from experimentally infected clover and @entity7588 appeared by morphological, cultural, biochemical and serological criteria to be identical to each other and to the R8-A2 (type) and C-189 strains of @entity15398 . Serological tests and electrophoretic analysis of protein preparations indicated no relationship to @entity39045 , although this organism survived for at least 10 wk after injection into E. plebejus. Our results show that the causal agent of @entity306 is related to @entity15398 .

title: Spiroplasmas are the causal agents of citrus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39045 :: ('2148', 'Species') :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']

entities_list: @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['sweet orange', 'Citrus sinensis']

entities_list: @entity15398 :: ('2133', 'Species') :: ['spiroplasma', 'Spiroplasma citri', 'S. citri']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['little-leaf disease']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['little-leaf disease']


abstract: Flexible intramedullary nails are now routinely used for stabilization of @entity174 . Few data are available regarding @entity1 ' postoperative range of motion, weight-bearing status, activity levels, use of immobilization, and radiographic @entity3656 measured via routine scanograms. @entity1 who underwent placement of flexible intramedullary nails for a @entity174 at a single institution from 1998 to 2003 were identified retrospectively. Ninety-one @entity1 were identified with 94 @entity174 . The complication rate was 17% for the 94 @entity174 , with 8 @entity1 requiring an unplanned return to surgery. The complication rate was significantly higher for @entity1 aged 10 years or older (34%) as compared with that for younger @entity1 (9%). Average time to full weight bearing was 10 weeks, time to radiographic union averaged 10.7 weeks, and time to return to preoperative level of activity averaged 4.9 months. Immediate postoperative weight bearing status was nonweight bearing in 57%. Immobilization or support was used postoperatively in 60% of the @entity1 . Postoperatively, @entity1 had minimal loss of range of motion in hip internal and external rotation and knee extension. Hip and knee flexion rapidly improved postoperatively with an average loss of hip flexion of 0 degree by 3 months and an average loss of knee flexion of 4 degrees by 6 months. Postoperatively, limb length discrepancy was greater than 1 cm in 7 @entity1 at 6 months, 11 @entity1 at 12 months, 3 @entity1 at 18 months, and 2 @entity1 at 2 years. Two @entity1 had persistent limb length discrepancy of greater than 2 cm, but only one @entity1 required an epiphysiodesis for his limb length inequality. Although the end results are favorable, complications are relatively frequent, particularly in older @entity1 .

title: Use of flexible intramedullary nails in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pediatric femur fracture', 'pediatric femur fractures', 'femur fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pediatric femur fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the relationship among surgical treatment, @entity14 , and outcome in @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). METHODS: Records of 115 @entity1 with @entity1412 who underwent surgery at The Mount Sinai Medical Center between 1947 and 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 without @entity5 were compared with those with @entity14 at initial surgery and with @entity1 who developed @entity5 following colectomy. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 (27 percent) had @entity14 at the time of initial surgery (colon = 24; rectal = 7). Another 11 @entity1 (26 percent) developed @entity5 after colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). Mean age of @entity1 with @entity14 at initial surgery was significantly higher than those without @entity5 (P < 0.01). @entity1 who developed @entity5 after IRA were significantly older than @entity1 with @entity14 at initial surgery (P < 0.01). All @entity1 with @entity5 after IRA had advanced disease with either nodal or distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14 remains a major problem in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1412 . Nearly one-fourth of these @entity1 have @entity14 at initial operation, and one-fourth of @entity1 with IRA develop @entity5 after a mean follow-up of 13 years. @entity1 with @entity5 following IRA are more likely to have advanced @entity5 than @entity1 with @entity14 at initial operation. The high incidence and late stage of @entity5 detected while under surveillance after IRA supports excision of the entire colorectal mucosa as the treatment of choice for most @entity1 with @entity1412 .

title: XXXX in @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: Foamy gland @entity189 is a recently described histologic variant of @entity263 characterized by abundant foamy cytoplasm and minimal cytologic atypia. The biologic behavior and biochemical nature of the foamy @entity420 cells are unknown. Six cases of @entity263 with marked foamy appearance were identified from radical prostatectomies. Clinicopathologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses were conducted. The @entity1 ranged in age from 50 to 73 years (mean age, 65 years) with preoperative serum @entity1486 levels ranging from 2.7 to 37.5 ng/mL (mean, 15.2 ng/mL). All six cases were bilateral high-volume @entity5 . Five of six @entity1 had high-grade @entity5 with extraprostatic extension. The foamy @entity5 cells were negative for @entity3558 and lipid stains, but were positive for colloidal @entity68 and @entity3737 stain. Ultrastructurally, the foamy cells displayed numerous intracytoplasmic vesicles and numerous polyribosomes. The authors conclude that the foamy appearance of these @entity5 cells is the result of the presence of numerous intracytoplasmic vesicles, and not the result of the presence of lipid or neutral @entity3558 . This study illustrates that foamy gland @entity189 is a distinctive histologic variant of @entity263 and is often associated with an @entity146 despite its deceivingly benign histologic appearance.

title: XXXX with @entity146 : clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity3737 :: ('MESH:D000423', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcian blue']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic foamy gland carcinoma']


abstract: 1. The effect of exogenous @entity821 on concentration of free @entity1522 in serum, skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine and liver was studied. 2. The @entity535 pool in serum, skeletal muscle and small intestine decreased significantly. 3. @entity1160 synthesis increased significantly in skeletal muscle. 4. Levels of branched @entity1522 increased in serum and small intestine. 5. Levels of @entity493 @entity409 .

title: Effect of exogenous @entity821 on XXXX metabolism in rats.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increased in kidney and liver']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Perioperative @entity583 (PMI) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an important clinical problem because it is closely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of PMI is, however, associated with several problems. Due to the surgical @entity130 , the usual indicators of @entity583 ( @entity158 , ECG changes, and elevated biochemical markers of @entity1188 ) have uncertain diagnostic value. The primary aim of this study was to illustrate the levels of the biochemical markers after uncomplicated bypass surgery defined as no clinical or ECG evidence of PMI, and no graft occlusion at 7 days by repeat angiography; and secondarily, to establish biochemical diagnostic discrimination limits for detection of in-hospital graft occlusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred three @entity1 undergoing elective CABG were closely monitored by serial measurements of @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB mass, myoglobin, troponin T, and troponin I, and underwent a repeat angiography before discharge. Seven @entity1 had ECG evidence of PMI. Peak troponin T and CK-MB values were significantly higher in these seven @entity1 , although the diagnostic performances of the optimally chosen cutoff levels for diagnosing AMI were fair. Twelve @entity1 had at least one occluded graft shown by repeat angiography. Peak values of CK-MB and troponin T were significantly higher in @entity1 with graft occlusion (52.2 microg/L vs 24.7 microg/L, p = 0.01; and 3.7 microg/L vs 1.0 microg/L, p = 0.05, respectively). By multivariate analysis, a diagnostic discrimination level of 30 microg/L for CK-MB did not reach statistical significance; however, the independent diagnostic value of a cutoff level for troponin T at 3 microg/L reached a level of significance (p = 0.06). DISCUSSION: We have suggested normal values of four different biochemical markers of @entity1188 after uncomplicated coronary bypass surgery. @entity1 with in-hospital graft occlusion had higher peak CK-MB and troponin T values. However, the overlap with @entity1 without graft occlusion is substantial, and the patency status in the individual cannot be reliably predicted from these noninvasive tests.

title: Use of biochemical markers of @entity1188 for diagnosing perioperative XXXX and early graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Biliary plastic stents are highly effective in the treatment of @entity5 , but may become occluded over time, leading to @entity1087 and @entity255 . @entity432 is thought to be caused by bacterial adhesion and formation of biofilm. This study was carried out to assess whether treatment with @entity800 in combination with @entity10055 is superior to @entity10055 alone in preventing @entity432 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3883 due to inoperable @entity5 underwent placement of a straight 11.5-Fr @entity691 stent. After stent insertion, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity800 (200 mg b.i.d.) with @entity10055 (250 mg t.i.d.) or @entity10055 alone. The end points of the study were the frequency of stent occlusions, the time to @entity432 , and the safety of the two regimens. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 26 were assigned to the combined therapy group and 26 to the control group. Thirty @entity1 were suffering from @entity788 , 13 from @entity1126 , and nine had @entity3 from other @entity5 . Eight stent occlusions (31%) occurred in the @entity800 group and six (23 %) in the control group (P = 0.76). The mean times to @entity432 were 95 +/- 9 days and 101 +/- 9 days, respectively (P = 0.91). No significant differences regarding survival time or safety were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity800 in combination with @entity10055 is not superior to @entity10055 alone in preventing @entity432 in @entity1 with @entity3883 .

title: @entity800 and @entity10055 versus XXXX alone to prevent occlusion of biliary stents: a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder or bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['stent occlusion', 'Stent occlusion']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity10055 :: (MESH:D014580,Chemical) :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the existence and localization of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( @entity2842 / @entity2842 ) in @entity1 nasal mucosa and to verify its activity as a @entity112 -releasing factor. DESIGN: Detection of @entity2842 / @entity2842 in culture supernatants of nasal mucosa using Western blot analysis and assay of @entity112 release from basophils induced by these culture supernatants. Detection of @entity2842 / @entity2842 expression in nasal mucosa of @entity1 with @entity9590 using immunohistochemistry. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 with house dust mite @entity566 , 7 nonallergic @entity1 , and 5 @entity1 with chronic inflammatory sinusitis participated in the study. All the @entity56 @entity1 had positive test results for mite @entity566 , detected by a clinical history, a nasal provocation test, and determination of specific mite IgE antibodies by a radioallergosorbent test. RESULTS: In Western blot analysis of supernatants of explant culture of @entity1 nasal mucosa, the band corresponding to approximately 13 to 15 kd was observed. This band was considered to be @entity2842 / @entity2842 . These supernatants induced @entity112 release from basophils (approximately 3%-5% in net @entity112 release), and anti- @entity2842 / @entity2842 antibody inhibited this @entity112 -releasing activity. Immunoreactivity of @entity2842 / @entity2842 was observed in the nasal submucosa but not in the epithelium. Immunoreactive cells of @entity2842 / @entity2842 were also stained with the antibody, which recognizes monocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity2842 / @entity2842 , which is produced constantly by monocytes and macrophages and is stored in @entity1 nasal mucosa, possibly participates in the protracted @entity112 release from basophils and in the pathogenesis of @entity9590 .

title: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated XXXX release from @entity1 nasal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'nasal allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development and anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia have been controversial for many years and @entity911 exists about its operative appearance. Better appreciation of this poorly understood anatomy, and its significance for @entity323 after rectal dissection, may lead to further functional improvements in pelvic surgery. METHOD: A literature review of the embryology and anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia and @entity323 after pelvic rectal surgery was undertaken. RESULTS: Denonvilliers' fascia has no macroscopically discernible layers. The so-called posterior layer refers to the fascia propria of the rectum. The incidence of erectile and @entity409 after rectal excision is high in older @entity1 , and when performed for @entity5 . There is no consensus about the relationship of Denonvilliers' fascia to the plane of anterior dissection for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Colorectal surgeons should focus on the important anatomy between the rectum and the prostate to improve functional outcomes after rectal excision. A classification of the available anterior dissection planes is proposed. Surgeons should be encouraged to document the plane used as well as outcome in terms of sexual function.

title: Anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia and pelvic nerves, XXXX , and implications for the colorectal surgeon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['impotence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity5023 (FP) has better objective as well as subjective clinical outcomes than @entity22398 (ZA) in the treatment of @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine whether the superiority of FP over ZA observed in clinical trials is supported under actual practice conditions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of pharmacy and medical claims for @entity565 was performed. @entity1 were identified who had at least 1 ICD-9 (493.XX) claim for @entity565 and were recently prescribed inhaled FP or ZA. Subjects could not have had a claim for any inhaled @entity228 or oral @entity4352 modifier in the 9 months before initiation of FP or ZA. They were subsequently observed for 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 725 @entity1 were new users of FP and 309 of ZA. FP was associated with a 70% reduced risk for hospitalization (P =.0232), a 49% lower risk for an emergency department event (P =.0546), and a 51% reduction in combined emergency department events and hospitalizations (P =.0268) when compared with ZA. Adjusted annual @entity565 care costs declined significantly for FP and increased for ZA. The adjusted mean difference in annual @entity565 costs was  215 less per @entity1 for FP (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Asthma care costs decreased for @entity1 treated with FP and increased for @entity1 treated with ZA. Furthermore, FP-treated @entity1 had significantly lower risks of @entity565 -related hospitalization than ZA @entity1 . This study supports results seen in clinical trials comparing these two medications.

title: One-year claims analysis comparing inhaled @entity5023 with XXXX for the treatment of @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity22398 :: (MESH:C062735,Chemical) :: ['zafirlukast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity4617 are rare @entity5 in @entity1 , of which the most common is the @entity4615 . The objective of this study was to find the incidence of these @entity5 at the Heart Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical Sciences Campus University of Puerto Rico to review the records at the Heart Center of @entity1 with @entity4617 in the last 14 years. RESULTS: The sample consists of 55 @entity1 (78.9% were females and 24.1% were male) with a median age of 52 years. Sixty-five percent of @entity1 lived in rural areas. Clinical presentations included @entity1353 (43.1%), @entity662 (37.9%), asymptomatic (25%), palpitations (20.7%), @entity16 (10.3%) and @entity1296 (6.9%). Electrocardiographic findings included normal sinus rhythm (53.4%), non-specific @entity1619 changes (32.8%), @entity7129 (20.7%), @entity4032 (10.3%) and @entity955 (8.6%). A subgroup presenting with @entity955 prior to diagnosis had left @entity4615 . The @entity5 found, in descending order of frequency are: left @entity4615 , right @entity4615 , papillary fibroelastoma, @entity4607 , @entity362 and @entity4618 . We found a correlation between large left @entity4615 and @entity955 . CONCLUSION: The most frequent @entity4617 was @entity4615 . The larger @entity3291 were associated with @entity955 .

title: @entity4617 in Puerto Rico de novo @entity955 as clinical presentation in a subgroup of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['heart tumor', 'cardiac tumors', 'heart tumors']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial Myxoma', 'atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['left atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There is a growing awareness that @entity3800 and @entity172 have general metabolic roles that are not directly involved in reproductive processes. These include actions on vascular function, lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, as well as bone mineralization and epiphyseal closure, in both sexes. In postmenopausal @entity1 , as in @entity1 , @entity172 is no longer solely an endocrine factor, but instead is produced in a number of extragonadal sites and acts locally at these sites in a paracrine and intracrine fashion. These sites include breast, bone, vasculature, and brain. Within these sites, aromatase action can generate high levels of E2 locally without significantly affecting circulating levels. Circulating C(19) @entity134 precursors are essential substrates for extragonadal @entity172 synthesis. The levels of these androgenic precursors decline markedly with advancing age in @entity1 , possibly from the mid to late reproductive years. This may be a fundamental reason why @entity1 are at increased risk for bone mineral loss and @entity174 and possibly decline of cognitive function, compared with @entity1 . Aromatase expression in these various sites is under the control of tissue-specific promoters regulated by different cohorts of transcription factors. Thus, in principle, it should be possible to develop selective aromatase modulators that block aromatase expression, for example, in breast, but allow unimpaired @entity172 synthesis in other tissues such as bone.

title: Minireview: aromatase and the regulation of XXXX biosynthesis--some new perspectives.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on postexercise @entity551 (PEH) and @entity455 ( @entity455 ) in the @entity101 elderly. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted with ten @entity101 elderly individuals (65    3 years, 28  7    3 kg m(-2)). They were subjected to three experimental sessions: control session (SC), exercise 50% (S50%) and 80% (S80%) of 1RM. For each session, subjects were evaluated pre-and postintervention. In the preintervention, the blood pressure (BP) and @entity455 were measured after 10 min of rest. Thereafter, they were taken to the gym to perform the exercise sessions or remained at rest in each of the equipment during the same time. Both S50% and S80% were composed of a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises, with an interval of 90 s between exercises. Subsequently, the @entity455 and BP measurements were again performed at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 min of recovery (postintervention). RESULTS: The PEH was greater in S80% compared with S50%, with the lower value of BP being found at 90 min of recovery for the two sessions (systolic BP: 115    3,0 mmHg versus 124    5 mmHg; diastolic BP: 75    5 mmHg versus 86    3 mmHg and mean BP: 87    3 mmHg versus 95    4 mmHg, respectively). Concomitantly, the @entity455 also decreased significantly in both sessions, this reduction being more evident in S80% (P<0  05). CONCLUSION: High-intensity resistance exercise was effective in promoting PEH, this phenomenon being accompanied by a reduction in @entity455 within the first minute of recovery in the @entity101 elderly.

title: High-intensity exercise promotes postexercise @entity551 greater than moderate intensity in elderly XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['forearm vascular resistance', 'FVR']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: In two large Gynecologic Oncology Group studies of @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1204 and no previous systemic therapy, progestins have demonstrated activity against advanced or recurrent @entity1204 with response rates between 15% and 25%. @entity440 has been reported as variously active or inactive with or without previous systemic therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity440 exhibits enough activity in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1204 , who have not received systemic therapy, to warrant a phase III trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-eight eligible @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1204 received oral @entity440 20 mg bid until @entity137 was unacceptable or disease progressed. RESULTS: Three complete (4%) and four partial (6%) responses were observed for an overall response rate of 10% (90% confidence interval [CI], 5.7% to 17.9%). @entity1 with @entity5 that were more anaplastic tended to respond less frequently. The median progression-free survival for all 68 eligible @entity1 was 1.9 months (90% CI, 1.7 to 3.2 months). The median survival was 8.8 months (90% CI, 7.0 to 10.1 months). CONCLUSION: @entity440 demonstrated modest activity at best against @entity1204 and does not warrant further investigation as a single agent for this disease. Ongoing trials will assess the sequential use of @entity440 and progestational agents.

title: XXXX in the treatment of advanced or recurrent @entity1204 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: We have a new therapeutic modality, regenerative medicine, for @entity1 with severe @entity741 . Growth factor administration and cell transplantation are available. Therapeutic angiogenesis with bone marrow cell transplantation has been used clinically with favorable results. Basic fibroblast growth factor slow-release administration has recently started to be used clinically as another angiogenic therapy. It is more potent when combined with a donor artery and omentum (Bio-CABG). Myogenic cell transplantation is in clinical trials aimed at myocardial regeneration. However, it remains unresolved how transplanted myoblasts improve cardiac function and how we can prevent fatal @entity943 . Many are researching cardiac stem cells and embryonic stem cells as candidates for myocardial regeneration. Recently, the paracrine effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in the @entity63 heart have been reported to contribute to improved cardiac function. Therefore, growth factors and cytokines may play an important role in the regeneration process induced by transplanted cells. We combined cell transplanstation with growth factor administration as well as reconstructive surgery for dilated left ventricle, which yielded excellent results. Our integrated strategy may result in the maximal benefits to @entity1 in the future.

title: [Therapeutic angiogenesis and myocardial regenerative medicine for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown possible associations between occupational exposures, particularly solvents, and @entity706 . The present investigation aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to solvents and @entity706 (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) in a large population-based, multicenter, case-control study in Italy. METHODS: All newly diagnosed cases of @entity706 in @entity1 and @entity1 age 20 to 74 years in 1991-1993 were identified in 8 areas in Italy. The control group was formed by a random sample of the general population in the areas under study stratified by sex and 5-year age groups. We interviewed 1428 @entity1893 cases, 304 @entity978 cases, and 1530 controls. Experts examined the questionnaire data and assessed a level of probability and intensity of exposure to a range of chemicals. RESULTS: Those in the medium/high level of exposure had an increased risk of @entity1893 with exposure to @entity8336 (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.8), @entity11574 1.7 (1.0-2.6), and @entity7935 1.6 (1.0-2.4). Subjects exposed to all 3 @entity10519 ( @entity7935 , @entity8336 , and @entity11574 ; medium/high intensity compared with none) had an odds ratio of 2.1 (1.1-4.3). We observed an increased risk for @entity978 for those exposed to technical solvents (2.7; 1.2-6.5) and aliphatic solvents (2.7; 1.2-5.7). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that aromatic and @entity16411 are a risk factor for @entity1893 , and provides preliminary evidence for an association between solvents and @entity978 .

title: Occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16411 :: ('MESH:D006843', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorinated hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity10519 :: ('MESH:D006841', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the functional outcome of @entity1 with grade 3 slipped @entity4039 who had been treated with in situ pinning at a mid-term follow-up. METHODS: One hundred and five @entity1 with 129 slips (24 bilateral) were reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 5 years and mean follow-up was 66 months. Slips over 60 degrees were considered grade 3. All of the @entity1 underwent in situ pinning with a single cannulated screw; the placement of the screw was evaluated with the criteria of Stambough. The final evaluation was performed using the Iowa Hip Score and results were analyzed by sex, age at time of diagnosis, and body mass index. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test considering a P value of less than 0.005 to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean Iowa Hip Score was 84.73. Fifty-two @entity1 were considered to have an excellent result, 28 a good result, 16 a fair result, and 9 a bad result. The pin placement was considered adequate in 89 @entity1 and inadequate in 16 @entity1 . Forty-three @entity1 were @entity1 and 62 were @entity1 and no statistical difference was found in function by sex. The mean Iowa Hip Score for @entity1 under 12 years of age (n=20) was 85.8, for those between 12 and 15 years of age (n=69) it was 82.8 and for those over 15 years of age (n=16) it was 82.5 (P=0.003). There were 10 complications, all in the group in which the pin placement was considered inadequate, and all of these were considered fair or poor results. CONCLUSIONS: The functional results in the mid-term for @entity1 with grade 3 slips treated with in situ pinning were generally good or excellent; a better result was found in @entity1 below 12 years of age. A good or excellent result can be expected when pin placement is adequate and no complications arise.

title: Functional outcome of stable grade III slipped XXXX treated with in situ pinning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral @entity393 is rare in @entity432 . SUMMARY OF COMMENT: Between 1986 and 1991, we encountered seven @entity1 (four @entity1 , three @entity1 ; median age, 61 years; range, 46-71 years) who had @entity393 among 503 @entity1 with @entity432 . The main @entity16 were @entity393 , @entity392 , and vertigo. @entity697 or M  ni  re's disease was the initial diagnosis until subsequent brain stem or cerebellar signs appeared. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal bilaterally in six @entity1 but had unilateral attenuation of the IV-V complex in the remaining one @entity1 . Computed tomographic scans in all six @entity1 showed @entity75 in the brain stem and the cerebellum. Cerebral angiography showed complete occlusion on both vertebral arteries in one @entity1 , occlusion on the left with small caliber on the right in another, and severe @entity850 on both sides in a third. There was no opacification of internal auditory arteries in these three @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 had arteriosclerotic changes with faint opacification of the bilateral internal auditory arteries. Five @entity1 had a poor prognosis, with locked-in state in four and severe @entity2055 in one. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity393 in @entity432 is more common than previously recognized and that it may indicate a grave prognosis.

title: Sudden bilateral XXXX in @entity432 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute labyrinthitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple hypodense lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['initial neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sudden bilateral hearing impairment', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxia']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the range of movement, isometric and isokinetic postoperative outcome, Morrey score and heterotropic ossifications after refixation of @entity397 with either @entity79 . METHODS: 48 @entity1 were surgically treated between 1990 and 2005. Elbow function was investigated isometrically and isokinetically with the CYBEX-NORM. The presence and extent of heterotropic ossifications were assessed by A/P and lateral view X-rays. The Morrey score was used to evaluate the clinical outcome. RESULTS: 13 @entity1 received distal biceps refixation with the bone tunnel method and 35 with suture anchors. The range of motion of the elbow was statistically not significantly different except for pronation, which was slightly but significantly reduced after bone tunnel refixation. Isometric and isokinetic results as well as Morrey scores were statistically not different between the two surgical techniques. Both groups showed excellent postoperative results. CONCLUSION: Bone tunnel and suture anchor techniques are both equal and sufficient methods for the refixation of distal biceps @entity397 with excellent clinical and functional postoperative results. The slight but significantly reduced pronation after bone tunnel refixation was clinically not relevant.

title: [Bone tunnel fixation versus suture anchor: mid- and long-term results after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['suture anchor or bone tunnel fixation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['distal biceps tendon rupture', 'tendon ruptures']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['distal biceps tendon rupture']


abstract: Potential molecular targets of a protective humoral immune response against @entity2040 have previously been identified based on their enhanced immunogenicity in @entity19 vaccinated with irradiated cercaria as compared to chronically infected @entity19 . One of these antigens, IrV1, has been molecularly cloned and its sequence shown to be similar to the molecular chaperone @entity25161 . In this investigation, we partially characterized IrV1 from different developmental stages of the schistosome. Immunoprecipitation studies with antibodies raised against a portion of recombinant IrV1 demonstrated its presence in cercaria, schistosomula, and adult worms with an apparent molecular mass on @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of 90 kDa. There was an approximate 6-fold increase in protein expression level during the cercaria to schistosomula transformation. Consistent with a potential role as a molecular chaperone, IrV1 was associated with several metabolically labeled proteins in co-immunoprecipitation studies with the adult worm tegumental fraction. Similar to @entity25161 , IrV1 was metabolically labeled with 32P in adult worms on @entity563 and @entity1889 residues and was one of the major phosphoproteins of this stage. This phosphorylation was developmentally regulated and coincided with the transformation of cercaria into schistosomula. The localization was also stage-specific as IrV1 was transported from internal regions of cercaria to the outer tegumental layer of schistosomula. The presence of IrV1 on the surface of schistosomula, an unprecedented localization for this family of endoplasmic reticulum proteins, supports additional studies of the immunoprophylactic potential of this molecule.

title: Developmentally regulated localization and phosphorylation of SmIrV1, a Schistosoma mansoni antigen with similarity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity25161 :: (12330(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['calnexin']


abstract: One of the major lessons learned in the World War II experience with @entity99 was that @entity3906 was a major factor in morbidity and mortality; the nearly uniform drainage of @entity99 in the subsequent operative era prevented this problem. In the era of nonoperative management, @entity1 who do not require operative treatment for @entity1344 may develop large bile and/or blood collections that are often ignored or inadequately drained by percutaneous methods. These inadequately treated bile collections may cause @entity1850 and/or respiratory distress. We present an experience with laparoscopic evacuation of major bile/blood collections that may prevent the inflammatory sequelae of @entity3906 . @entity1 usually underwent operation between 3 and 5 days postinjury (range, 2-18) if CT demonstrated large fluid collections throughout the abdomen/pelvis not amenable to percutaneous drainage. Most @entity1 had signs of @entity1850 , respiratory compromise, or elevated @entity648 . The bile and retained @entity1410 was evacuated from around the liver and closed-suction drainage was placed. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent laparoscopic evacuation/lavage of bile collections (about 4% of total blunt @entity99 ). The majority (75%) had Grade IV or V injury. The amount of evacuated fluid ranged from 300 to 3800 mL. Other adjunctive procedures (endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography, angiography, and laparotomy) were occasionally required. There were no complications related to the procedure. Most @entity1 had a @entity810 in @entity591 , temperature, white blood cell count, serum @entity648 , and @entity158 . @entity1576 also resolved in most @entity1 . Large bile and/or blood accumulations are present in a subset of @entity1 with severe @entity99 treated nonoperatively. Delayed laparoscopic evacuation of these collections prevents @entity3906 and decreases inflammatory response and avoiding early operation, which has been implicated in increased death from @entity548 .

title: Prevention of XXXX by laparoscopic evacuation and lavage after nonoperative treatment of @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['bile peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic decline']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

answer: @entity3906 :: (MESH:D010534,Disease) :: ['bile peritonitis']


abstract: @entity568 ( @entity568 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity1505 ), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and transforming growth factors alpha and beta ( @entity18696 and @entity1810 ) are important mediators which play a pleiotropic role in both inflammatory and hepatic regeneration processes. It has also been proposed that a major hepatectomy impairs the liver-related host defence mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of minor (30%) vs major (80%) hepatectomy on cytokines, growth factors and @entity2763 both at the protein and mRNA levels in @entity35 . For that purpose, @entity35 were submitted to either 30% or 80% hepatectomy and sacrificed at intervals up to day 14 post-hepatectomy to collect liver and blood samples. Serum levels of @entity568 and @entity2763 ( @entity2763 ) were determined after RNA extraction, cytokine and @entity2763 gene expression were evaluated using a quantitative RT-PCR method. The results demonstrate that liver mRNA levels for @entity568 were early unregulated after a 80% resection only, whereas liver mRNA levels for IL-1 slowly increased following 30 or 80% hepatectomy. For @entity1505 , no significant changes were observed between groups. @entity2140 expression differed according to the extent of hepatic resection. Moreover, plasma levels of @entity14445 ( @entity14445 ) and alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), two major @entity2763 which respond differently to combination of cytokines, were significantly lowered after a major resection whereas levels of serum @entity568 showed no significant changes between groups. Paradoxically, in the 80% hepatectomized group, @entity14445 mRNA expression was strongly increased at 4 h and 6 h post-hepatectomy as compared with the 30% hepatectomized group. Taken together, these results suggest that, although an increased level of hepatic @entity568 expression was observed following a major resection, the liver's capacity to synthesize normal levels of @entity2763 was impaired. Moreover, these specific changes of cytokine gene expression seen in the liver following major hepatectomy might reflect a preferential activation of the @entity568 -dependent @entity2763 .

title: Cytokine gene expression in liver following minor or major hepatectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2763 :: ('MESH:D000210', 'Disease') :: ['APPs', 'acute-phase proteins']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Oral and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are among the most common @entity5 worldwide, with approximately 60% 5-yr survival rate. To identify potential markers for disease progression, we used Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 arrays to examine the gene expression profiles of 167 primary @entity5 samples from @entity957 @entity1 , 58 uninvolved oral mucosae from @entity957 @entity1 and 45 normal oral mucosae from @entity1 without @entity5 , all enrolled at one of the three University of Washington-affiliated medical centers between 2003 to 2008. We found 2,596 probe sets differentially expressed between 167 @entity5 samples and 45 normal samples. Among 2,596 probe sets, 71 were significantly and consistently up- or down-regulated in the comparison between normal samples and uninvolved oral samples and between uninvolved oral samples and @entity5 samples. Cox regression analyses showed that 20 of the 71 probe sets were significantly associated with progression-free survival. The risk score for each @entity1 was calculated from coefficients of a Cox model incorporating these 20 probe sets. The hazard ratio (HR) associated with each unit change in the risk score adjusting for age, gender, @entity5 stage, and high-risk HPV status was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0-3.8, p = 8.8E-10). The risk scores in an independent dataset of 74 @entity957 @entity1 from the @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center was also significantly associated with progression-free survival independent of age, gender, and @entity5 stage (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2, p = 0.008). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that the most prominent biological pathway represented by the 71 probe sets was the Integrin cell surface interactions pathway. In conclusion, we identified 71 probe sets in which dysregulation occurred in both uninvolved oral mucosal and @entity5 samples. Dysregulation of 20 of the 71 probe sets was associated with progression-free survival and was validated in an independent dataset.

title: Gene expression in uninvolved oral mucosa of @entity957 XXXX facilitates identification of markers predictive of @entity957 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'oral cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study directly assessed striatal @entity935 (DA) uptake rates and peak release in response to @entity4338 in normal, symptomatic, and recovered @entity5212 ( @entity5212 )-treated @entity468 using in vivo electrochemistry. DA uptake rates measured after direct application of known concentrations of DA to the striatum were slowed significantly in both dorsal and ventral striatum in symptomatic @entity468 compared with rates recorded in normal animals. DA uptake rates remained significantly slowed in recovered @entity468 and were not significantly different from the rates recorded in symptomatic animals. In symptomatic @entity468 , both DA uptake rates and the signal recorded in response to @entity4338 stimulation were significantly decreased from normal in all dorsal and ventral striatal regions sampled. Reduction/oxidation (redox) ratios recorded in response to @entity4338 stimulation suggested DA to be the predominant electroactive species. In spontaneously recovered @entity5212 -treated @entity468 , recordings in the ventral striatum subsequent to @entity4338 stimulation again suggested DA to be the predominant electroactive species released, and peak levels were significantly higher than those recorded in symptomatic animals. In the dorsal striatum of recovered @entity468 , redox ratios recorded subsequent to @entity4338 stimulation suggested @entity750 rather than DA to be the predominant electroactive species released. Peak levels of release in the dorsal striatum were not significantly greater than those recorded in symptomatic animals. These results suggest that in spontaneously recovered @entity5212 -treated @entity468 , there is partial recovery of ventral striatal DAergic terminals, persistent loss of dorsal striatal DAergic terminals, and a down-regulation of DA transporter number/function throughout the striatum. These processes may contribute to volume transmission of DA in the striatum and promote functional recovery.

title: Regional differences in striatal XXXX uptake and release associated with recovery from @entity5212 -induced parkinsonism: an in vivo electrochemical study.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Samples for @entity1047 testing were taken from 298 and PAP smear from 284 non-pregnant sexually active young @entity1 in a midwife-run family planning dervice. @entity1047 was found in 36 (12.1%). Three @entity1 (1.1%) had cytological atypia corresponding to @entity196 or II. Koilocytosis was seen in 9 smears (2.8%). Thirty-two of the @entity1047 -positive @entity1 were followed for a mean of 15 months by a gynaecologist with @entity1047 tests, colposcopy, PAP-smears and in some cases biopsies. There were 7 reinfections with @entity1047 (22%). Signs of genital @entity1083 (GPVI) were found in 24 of the 32 @entity1047 cases during follow-up. Twenty @entity1047 -positive @entity1 had abnormal colposcopy, 15 of them had other changes suggestive of GPVI, seven of these had @entity196 or II. At follow-up 6 @entity1 had cytologic atypia (18.8%) compared with the average 1.5% in this department during this period. Among 12 @entity1 with normal colposcopy there were no cytological changes. @entity281 calls for increased alertness regarding abnormal vaginal cytology even among young @entity1 not commonly included in PAP smear screening programmes.

title: Genital @entity1083 in XXXX treated for @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECT: Given the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a variety of applications (for example, @entity191 and essential @entity400 ), other indications for which there is currently little effective therapy are being evaluated for clinical use of DBS. @entity28 may be one such indication. Studies of the control of feeding and appetite by @entity75 have been completed previously. This study was conducted to test the authors' hypothesis that continuous bilateral stimulatory inhibition of the @entity35 lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) would lead to significant and sustained decrease in food intake and subsequent @entity353 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity35 were maintained on a high-fat diet. Daily food intake and @entity1017 were measured for 7 days, at which time the animals underwent stereotactic placement of 0.25-mm-diameter bipolar stimulating electrodes bilaterally in the LH. On postoperative Day 7, eight animals began to receive continuous stimulation of the LH. The remaining eight animals were left unstimulated as the control group. Individual animal weight, food intake, and water intake were monitored daily and continuously throughout the experiment until postoperative Day 24. RESULTS: There was a decreased rate of @entity1017 after surgery in all animals, but the unstimulated group recovered and resumed a linear @entity1017 curve. The stimulated group, however, failed to show @entity1017 and remained below the mean baseline for body mass. There was a significant @entity353 between the stimulated and unstimulated groups. On postoperative Day 24, compared with the day of surgery (Day 0), the unstimulated group had a mean @entity1017 of 13.8%, whereas the stimulated group had a 2.3% @entity353 on average (p = 0.001), yielding a 16.1% weight difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral electrical stimulatory inhibition of the LH is effective in causing significant and sustained @entity353 in @entity35 .

title: Deep brain stimulation for treatment of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical lesioning']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19 sensitized to ovalbumin develop @entity56 ( @entity56 ) with short-term aerosol challenge; however, airway @entity32 resolves with long-term aerosol challenge, referred to as @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ). METHODS: We sought to determine if resolution of airway @entity32 correlated with increases in lymphocyte subsets in local lung compartments, including putative regulatory T cells. RESULTS: At the @entity56 stage, total numbers of T and B lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were significantly increased above controls; however, at @entity2631 , T and B lymphocytes were significantly reduced compared to @entity56 . In the lung tissue, the only alteration was a significant increase in @entity1961 + @entity3783 + T cells at @entity56 . In the hilar lymph node (HLN), @entity1961 + and @entity1961 + @entity3783 + T cells were significantly increased at @entity56 and @entity2631 . In addition, CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in the HLN at @entity2631 , and @entity6440 + B cells were significantly increased at @entity56 . Adoptive transfer of HLN lymphocytes to lymphopenic @entity19 confirmed that @entity56 lymphocytes could induce airway @entity32 in response to aerosol challenge, whereas @entity2631 lymphocytes were unable to do so. Depletion of @entity1961 + @entity3783 + T cells in vivo resulted in exacerbation of @entity32 at @entity56 and @entity2631 . @entity1961 + @entity3783 + T cells in the HLN also displayed suppressive activity in vitro. Additionally, T cells expressing @entity3744 were increased in the BAL and HLN during @entity2631 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that lymphocytes with regulatory functions are increased and sustained in local lung compartments at @entity2631 and that their appearance correlates with the @entity55 .

title: Accumulation of regulatory T cells in local draining lymph nodes of the lung correlates with spontaneous resolution of chronic asthma in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local inhalational tolerance', 'LIT']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AAD', 'allergic airway disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) ligand ( @entity5271 ) was shown to induce osteoclast differentiation by increasing the expression of @entity9830 , @entity25314 and @entity52643 . Salubrinal treatment to bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells, however, significantly blocked @entity25314 expression and osteoclast differentiation by @entity5271 . Overexpression of @entity25314 further confirmed that @entity25314 is a key factor affected by salubrinal in osteoclast differentiation by @entity5271 . Unexpectedly, @entity25314 and @entity9830 mRNA expressions were not affected by salubrinal, implicating that @entity25314 expression is regulated at a translational stage. In support of this, salubrinal increased the phosphorylation of a translation factor @entity22643 , decreasing the global protein synthesis including @entity25314 . In contrast, a phosphorylation mutant plasmid pLenti- @entity22643 - @entity46230 restored @entity5271 -induced @entity25314 expression and osteoclast differentiation even in the presence of salubrinal. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity2988 significantly reduced salubrinal-induced osteoblast differentiation as evidenced by decreased @entity460 accumulation and lowered expressions of the osteoblast differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase and @entity5271 in @entity19 osteoblast cells. Salubrinal treatment to co-cultured BMM and @entity19 cells also showed reduction of osteoclast differentiation. Finally, salubrinal efficiently blocked @entity170 in @entity19 model treated with @entity5271 as evidenced by elevated @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and other @entity170 factors. Collectively, our data indicate that salubrinal could affect the differentiation of both osteoblast and osteoclast, and be developed as an excellent anti- @entity170 drug. In addition, modulation of @entity2988 and @entity25314 expressions through @entity22643 phosphorylation could be a valuable target for the treatment of @entity170 .

title: XXXX regulation by salubrinal through @entity22643 mediated differentiation of osteoclast and osteoblast.

entities_list: @entity46230 :: ('p|SUB|S|51|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S51A']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']