abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of @entity6 and nondiabetic individuals to learn to use a lower extremity sensory substitution device to cue gait pattern changes. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Gait laboratory. @entity1 : Thirty @entity6 @entity1 and 20 age- and education-matched nondiabetic controls responded to advertisements for study participation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 walked on a treadmill at three speeds (1, 2, and 2.5mph) with auditory sensory feedback to cue ground contact greater than 80% duration of baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The variables measured included gait cycle (steps per minute) and number of times per minute that any step during a trial exceeded 80% duration of ground contacted compared with a measured baseline step length for each speed. RESULTS: @entity1 in both groups were able to rapidly and significantly alter their gait patterns in response to signals from the sensory substitution device, by changing their gait cycles (nondiabetic group, F(17,124) = 5.27, p < .001; @entity6 group, F(5,172) = 3.45, p < .001). Post hoc analyses showed early gait cycle modification and @entity2246 among both groups. The nondiabetic group learned to use the device significantly more quickly than the @entity6 group during the slow (1mph, t = 3.57, p < .001) and average (2mph, t = 2.97, p < .05) trials. By the fast (2.5mph) ambulation trial, both groups were performing equally, suggesting a rapid rate of adjustment to the device. No technical failures from gait trainer malfunction occurred during the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity16 effectively used lower extremity sensory substitution, and the technology is now available to manufacture a durable, effective lower extremity sensory substitution system.

title: Gait pattern alteration by functional sensory substitution in healthy subjects and in XXXX subjects with peripheral neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['error reduction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 at risk of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) can currently be offered effective means of prevention, such as @entity737 ( @entity737 ). However, predictors of @entity1164 able to identify those @entity1 who are at higher risk are still lacking. Whether @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), a serum inflammatory marker with established prognostic accuracy after @entity583 , can also be a predictor of @entity1164 is unclear. METHODS: The @entity23183 GUIDE study is designed to evaluate the prognostic role of @entity1851 in @entity1 undergoing @entity737 implantation after @entity583 according to MADIT II criteria (i.e. left ventricular ejection fraction<or=30%). @entity23183 GUIDE is a prospective observational study aimed at assessing the role of @entity1851 in the risk-stratification of @entity1164 after @entity583 . @entity1851 will be measured on the basis of a pre-specified cut-off value of 3 mg/l, before and 1 month after @entity737 implantation; clinical follow-up will last 24 months. The primary endpoint is the combined rate of @entity1164 or fast @entity2224 . Secondary endpoints will be total mortality, @entity204 due to @entity1187 , @entity204 from pump failure, non-fatal @entity583 , coronary revascularization, hospitalization for @entity712 or unstable @entity951 and @entity1457 . Twenty-four Italian centers will participate in enrollment of the 290 @entity1 planned according to power analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity23183 GUIDE study will assess the predictive role of @entity1851 in @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing @entity737 implantation. Its results will improve risk stratification, thereby enabling better-tailored and more cost-effective therapies to be undertaken in those @entity1 whose need is greatest.

title: Prognostic role of post-infarction XXXX in @entity1 undergoing implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators: design of the @entity1851 Assessment after Myocardial Infarction to GUide Implantation of DEfibrillator ( @entity23183 GUIDE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'previous MI']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Septic @entity1516 of the mandible is an uncommon complication with several etiologies. The presence of a tooth next to a @entity174 site is one of the etiological factors. Conservative management of a tooth in or near the mandibular @entity174 site is often the issue when treating @entity174 of a toothed part. OBSERVATION: A 49 year-old male @entity1 was hospitalized in our department for a bifocal @entity174 of the mandible (right parasymphysis and left sub-condylar). An open reduction internal fixation with plates and screws was performed. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful except for persistent tooth @entity158 in the parasymphyseal @entity174 site. At 1 postoperative month, the @entity174 site was stable and signs of consolidation were documented by the panoramic view. A dentist performed root canal treatment on tooth 42, 8 weeks after surgery, because of recurrent complaint by the @entity1 . At 6 months, clinical and radiological examinations revealed mandibular @entity1516 . DISCUSSION: This type of @entity1516 case is relatively infrequent. It occurs after endodontic treatment of a healthy tooth close to the @entity174 site (performed after the physiological delay before @entity79 ). The bacterial colonization of the @entity174 site could be related to this endodontic treatment. This case raises questions on the need for endodontic treatment of a tooth near a mandibular @entity174 site.

title: [Septic XXXX of the mandible and endodontic treatment].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is the most common condition requiring an emergency abdominal operation in childhood. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of portal and systemic @entity2259 in 42 @entity1 with @entity697 and determined the microbial agents responsible for an @entity697 and for portal and systemic @entity2259 . METHODS: Appendectomies were performed on 50 young @entity1 (5-18 years of age), as well as clinical and bacteriological tests. Six independent samples from each @entity1 isolated from the peripheral vein, superior mesenteric vein, appendix and peritoneum were obtained prior to surgery, during surgery and after surgery for biochemical, immunologic and bacteriologic examination. RESULTS: Pathohistology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity698 in 42 @entity1 , while in the other eight @entity1 there were no obvious pathologic findings, so they served as a control group. Of 50 @entity1 with a clinical appearance of @entity697 , in 19 @entity1 (38%) we detected portal @entity2259 in the mesenteric vein, while in only three cases (6%) did we find systemic @entity2259 detected from the peripheral vein. Furthermore, bacteriologic analysis revealed that Bacteroides spp. and @entity526 were the predominant species isolated. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this paper suggests that portal @entity2259 did not influence peripheral blood reactions. Furthermore, in the present study we have found a positive correlation between the smear and @entity2259 of the superior mesenteric vein, but not with the @entity1503 .

title: Frequency of portal and systemic XXXX in @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia of systemic blood']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: The in  vivo influence of renal anisotropy and of urinary and vascular pressure on elasticity values using ultrasonic supersonic shear wave elastography was studied in @entity1707 . Experiments were conducted in agreement with the European Commission guidelines and directives of the French Research Ministry. Six kidneys in three @entity1707 were studied in  vivo. Elasticity of renal cortex and medulla was quantified through the shear modulus ( ) by using the supersonic shear imaging technique with an 8 MHz linear ultrasound probe. All measurements were done peroperatively both in the @entity2270 and perpendicular to the main @entity2270 of pyramids, in normal condition, after progressive increase of urinary pressure, and after renal artery and renal vein ligation. In normal conditions, cortical (C) and medullary (M) elasticity values were always higher when acquisitions were realized with the ultrasound main @entity2270 perpendicular to main @entity2270 (C(//): 7.7    2.3 kPa; M(//): 8.7    2.5 kPa) than parallel (C(   ): 6.9    1.4 kPa; M(   ): 6.6     2.3 kPa), demonstrating an effect of renal anisotropy. In renal cortex, two bands were separated, inner cortex showing higher elasticity values (IC(   ): 8.1    1.9 kPa) than outer cortex (OC(   ): 6.9    1.4 kPa). Renal artery and renal vein ligation induced a decrease and an increase of elasticity respectively. Parenchymal elasticity increased linearly with elevation of urinary pressure. Intrarenal elasticity values vary with tissue anisotropy and, with vascular and urinary pressure levels. These parameters have to be taken into account for interpretation of tissue changes. Separation of outer and inner cortex could be attributable to perfusion differences.

title: Supersonic shear wave elastography of in  vivo XXXX kidney: influence of blood pressure, urinary pressure and tissue anisotropy.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['pyramid axis', 'axis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: A method is described for a rapid two-step purification of the membrane receptor for @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) from cultured @entity1 A-431 cells. After solubilization of the cells with Triton X-100, the receptor is immobilized on an immunoaffinity column containing a monoclonal antibody directed against the receptor. In the second step of purification, the receptor, eluted from the antibody column, is adsorbed and specifically eluted from a lectin-agarose column. The molecular species obtained is mainly the 170,000-dalton @entity470 polypeptide. The activity of the pure receptor depends on the conditions used for the desorption from the immunoaffinity beads. High-yield elution is obtained with acidic buffer and the receptor so purified specifically binds @entity4179 , but is devoid of the kinase activity. When the elution is done with alkaline buffers or with buffer containing @entity1133 , a fully active receptor kinase is purified (yield of 10%). The pure receptor binds 125I- @entity4179 with a Kd of 4 X 10(-8) M and retains @entity4179 -sensitive protein kinase activity which phosphorylates @entity669 residues on the receptor itself. An additional protocol is described for large-scale purification (yield of 55%) of @entity470 for the analysis of its primary structure. In this procedure, the @entity470 is first purified by immunoaffinity chromatography which is followed by preparative gel electrophoresis of the 32P internally labeled receptor to remove minor protein contaminants.

title: Purification of an active XXXX kinase with monoclonal antireceptor antibodies.

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGF receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Urological @entity242 are rare. We describe a continued single institutional experience during 25 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records from July 1977 to July 2003 were reviewed of all @entity1 at our institution with @entity242 arising in the urinary tract or male genital system who were 16 years or older at diagnosis. RESULTS: The primary @entity5 site in 131 @entity1 was the bladder in 20, the kidney in 26, paratesticular in 57, the prostate in 21 and other in 7. Median followup was 4.0 years. The most common histological subtypes were @entity1822 in 29% of cases and @entity1821 in 26%. Median @entity5 size was 7 cm and 78% of lesions were high grade. Of the @entity1 28 (21%) presented with @entity3 and their median survival was 1.4 years compared to 10.7 years in @entity1 without @entity3 (p < 0.0001). Disease specific survival was 56% and 42% at 5 and 10 years, respectively and median survival was 7.6 years. On univariate analysis unfavorable prognostic variables for disease specific survival were @entity3 at presentation, high @entity5 grade, a lack of @entity1822 and @entity1821 histological subtypes, @entity1069 and large @entity5 size, incomplete surgical resection and positive surgical margin. @entity1 sex, age and surgical margin status were not significant predictors. On multivariate analysis 2 variables remained significant predictors of disease specific survival, including @entity5 size (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17) and absent @entity3 at diagnosis (HR 4.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 17.2). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of disease specific survival include @entity66 at presentation, complete @entity5 resection and @entity5 grade, size, location and histological subtype. With adequate surgical treatment most @entity1 who presented with @entity66 and underwent complete surgical resection achieved prolonged disease specific survival.

title: Adult genitourinary XXXX : the 25-year Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe current management and clinical outcomes in @entity1 hospitalized with an @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in Mexico. METHODS: RENASICA III was a prospective multicenter registry of consecutive @entity1 hospitalized with an @entity1187 . @entity1 had objective evidence of @entity741 ; those with @entity1188 or secondary @entity63 were excluded. Study design conformed to current quality recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 123 investigators at 29 tertiary and 44 community hospitals enrolled 8296 @entity1 with an @entity1187 (4038 with non- @entity583 /unstable angina [NSTEMI/UA], 4258 with @entity583 [ @entity583 ]). The majority were younger (62  12years) and 76.0% were male. On admission 80.5% had @entity63 @entity662 lasting >20min and clinical stability. @entity1002 was more frequent in NSTEMI/UA than in those with @entity583 (30.0% vs. 10.7%, p<0.0001). In @entity583 37.6% received thrombolysis and 15.0% primary PCI. PCI was performed in 39.6% of NSTEMI/UA (early strategy in 10.8%, urgent strategy in 3.0%). Overall hospital death rate was 6.4% (8.7% in @entity583 vs. 3.9% in NSTEMI/UA, p<0.001). The strongest independent predictors of hospital mortality were @entity1455 (odds ratio 22.4, 95% confidence interval 18.3-27.3) and @entity2224 (odds ratio 12.5, 95% confidence interval 9.3-16.7). CONCLUSION: The results from RENASICA III establish the urgent need to develop large-scale regional programs to improve adherence to guideline recommendations in @entity1187 , including rates of pharmacological thrombolysis and increasing the ratio of PCI to thrombolysis.

title: Clinical management and hospital outcomes of XXXX @entity1 in Mexico: The Third National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (RENASICA III).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['type II infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess decreased retinal function associated with high cumulative doses of @entity6383 using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 referred for evaluation of @entity6383 @entity989 . Controls were 67 normal eyes of 67 @entity1 referred for a variety of conditions in the other eye. @entity227 , duration of treatment, daily @entity6383 dose (milligrams and milligrams per kilogram), cumulative dose, condition for which the drug was taken, visual acuity, retinal examination, visual fields, and mfERG amplitude. The average mfERG amplitude was calculated for five concentric rings. The age-corrected amplitude of the central hexagon (R(1)) and the ratios of R(1) to each of the other rings (e.g., R(1)/R(2), R(1)/R(3)) were compared with limits derived from control eyes. RESULTS: The incidence of characteristic mfERG abnormalities in @entity1 referred for evaluation with cumulative @entity6383 doses of more than 1250 g was nearly 50%. It was 2.8 times that found in @entity1 with cumulative doses less than 1250 g. Significant abnormalities were seen with cumulative doses as low as 400 g. The mfERG abnormality most commonly detected was an increased R(1)/R(2) ratio. Cumulative dose was more predictive of mfERG abnormalities than daily dose (either in milligrams or milligrams per kilogram) or duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Functional testing of the retina with mfERG shows locally decreased retinal function in a large fraction of @entity1 referred for evaluation who have taken high cumulative doses of @entity6383 . A prudent mfERG testing strategy is proposed.

title: Detection of early XXXX @entity989 enhanced by ring ratio analysis of multifocal electroretinography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

answer: @entity6383 :: (MESH:D006886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxychloroquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity2451 ) plays a critical role in the vascular response to injury. However, the role of @entity2451 in the mechanism of in-stent restenosis remains unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that blockade of @entity2451 by stent-based delivery of a cis-element "decoy" of @entity2451 reduces in-stent neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Stents were coated with a polymer containing or not containing @entity2451 decoy, which represented a fast-release formulation (<7 days). Bare, polymer-coated, and @entity2451 decoy-eluting stents were implanted in iliac arteries of @entity753 @entity95 . Increased @entity2451 activity was noted at early stages after stenting, which was suppressed by stent-based delivery of @entity2451 decoy. @entity2451 decoy-eluting stents also reduced monocyte infiltration and @entity23866 expression and suppressed @entity32073 activation on circulating leukocytes. Importantly, @entity2451 decoy-eluting stents attenuated neointimal formation on day 28. There was no evidence of an @entity1650 (persistent @entity32 , @entity548 , @entity527 , impaired endothelial regeneration) at the site of @entity2451 decoy-eluting stents. Transfection of @entity2451 decoy suppressed proliferation of @entity1 coronary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro. No systemic adverse effects of @entity2451 decoy were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-based local delivery of @entity2451 decoy reduced in-stent neointimal formation with no evidence of incomplete healing. These data suggest that this strategy may be a practical and promising means for prevention of in-stent restenosis in @entity1 .

title: Stent-based local delivery of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy attenuates in-stent restenosis in @entity753 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23866 :: ('100009130(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete healing process']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Hsp60 play a crucial role in the process of pathogenic and protective immune responses and is implicated in @entity792 . In order to understand the environmental response and immune response of this gene, we cloned a @entity22472 60 (SpHsp60) gene from the @entity8389 @entity42949 , localized SpHsp60 in hemocytes by in situ hybridization, and detected the expression of SpHsp60 after stresses in relation to three housekeeping genes (b-actin, 18S rRNA and GAPDH). The full-length of the SpHsp60 cDNA was found to be 2424  bp. The predicted ORF encoded a protein of 576 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular mass of 61.19  kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.46. It shared high scoring identity 95% with the @entity41781 @entity41781 . In situ hybridization assay showed that a higher expression occurred in the granular and semigranular cells when compared to the hyaline hemocytes. It suggested that SpHsp60 was mainly contributed from the granular and semigranular cells in hemolymph. The expression level of SpHsp60 in hemocytes showed a clear time-dependent pattern during the 96  h  after stimulated by @entity12671 . During this experiment the gene was induced and the highest expression level was observed at 3  h. The significantly up-regulated expression and rapid response of SpHsp60 indicated that the crabs were sensitive to bacterial challenge. After osmotic stress, the expression of SpHsp60 in hemocytes showed that this gene was induced by the high salinity (30   ) and the crabs had its adaptive responses to high salinity, when compared to the normal salinity (15   ). SpHsp60 mRNA expression in hemocytes was analyzed after thermal stress at 6  h, the highest and the lowest expression levels of SpHsp60 were observed at 36 and 32    C, respectively. This study demonstrated that SpHsp60 was easily induced at the higher temperatures. Based on our research, SpHsp60 participate in innate immune and environmental response of @entity42949 . It could be used as a biomarker to test the stress caused by the local aquaculture environment.

title: Characterization and expression of SpHsp60 in hemocytes after challenge to bacterial, osmotic and thermal stress from the XXXX @entity42949 .

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity41781 :: ('210409', 'Species') :: ['swimming crab', 'Portunus trituberculatus']

entities_list: @entity42949 :: ('85552', 'Species') :: ['Scylla paramamosain', 'S.  paramamosain']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity8389 :: (6761,Species) :: ['mud crab']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity4225 are often misdiagnosed to have @entity162 and conversely. Indeed, a number of characteristics common to both disorders could explain this problem: emotional instability as well as impulsivity represent confounding factors and contribute to the risk of misdiagnosis. However, it appears that these characteristics manifest themselves in different ways according to the pathology. The aim of the study is to show differences between affective lability, emotional intensity and impulsivity dimensions. The clinical aim is to refine @entity162 and @entity4225 diagnosis, to improve psychological care for these @entity1 in the long-term. METHOD: We compared the emotional and impulsive dimensions in two groups of @entity1 : a group of 21 @entity1 with @entity162 and a group of 19 @entity1 with @entity4225 . Tools: @entity2655 , a self-report questionnaire to evaluate affective lability, AIM, a self-report questionnaire to see affective intensity, and UPPS, a self-report questionnaire to measure impulsivity according to several dimensions. RESULTS: The results indicate that borderline @entity1 scored significantly higher than @entity162 @entity1 at the @entity2655 and AIM scales. Regarding the UPPS, borderline @entity1 scored significantly higher than @entity162 @entity1 for the dimensions "lack of premeditation" and "lack of perseverance"; however, @entity162 @entity1 had significantly higher scores than borderline @entity1 for the dimension "negative emergency". CONCLUSION: This study shows that @entity162 and @entity4225 can be differentiated thanks to emotional dimensions as well as different dimensions of impulsivity: borderline @entity1 appear to have an affective lability and intensity more important than @entity162 @entity1 ; it also appears that impulsivity manifests itself differently according to the disorder.

title: [Emotional and impulsive dimensions in XXXX and @entity4225 ].

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'borderline personality']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity17237 muscle stimulation on ankle joint excursion during passive and functional electrical stimulation (FES) leg cycling. DESIGN: Within-subject comparisons. SETTING: Laboratory setting. @entity1 : Well-trained FES cyclists (N=7) with chronic @entity1566 . INTERVENTIONS: Two experimental sessions were performed on an isokinetic FES cycle ergometer with a pedal boot that allowed the ankle to plantarflex and dorsiflex during cycling. During the first session, the optimal stimulation timings to induce plantarflexion and dorsiflexion were investigated by systematically altering the stimulation angles of the @entity17237 muscles (tibialis anterior [TA] and @entity427 [ @entity427 ]). During the second session, TA and @entity427 stimulation was included with standard FES cycling (quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteals) for 6 subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ankle, knee, and hip movements were analyzed using 2-dimensional video. RESULTS: The ankle excursions during passive cycling were 19    6  . TA and @entity427 stimulation increased ankle joint excursion up to 33    10   and 27    7  , respectively. Compared with passive cycling, ankle joint excursion was not significantly increased during standard FES cycling (24    7  ). TA and @entity427 stimulation significantly increased the ankle excursion when applied during standard FES cycling (41    4  ). CONCLUSIONS: Freeing the ankle joint to rotate during FES cycling was found to be safe. The combination of @entity17237 muscle stimulation and repetitive @entity717 may be beneficial for improving ankle flexibility and leg conditioning. Further research is required to test and design ankle supports that might maximize the benefits of @entity17237 muscle activation.

title: Stimulation of XXXX muscles during functional electrical stimulation cycling increases ankle excursion in individuals with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint movement']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['triceps surae', 'TS']

answer: @entity17237 :: (22941,Gene) :: ['shank']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A gap exists between @entity565 guidelines and actual care delivered. We developed an educational intervention using simulated physician- @entity1 encounters as part of a project to improve @entity565 management by community-based primary care providers. We hypothesized that this type of skills-based interactive training would improve learners' care choices for simulated @entity1 after training compared with their choices before training. METHODS: After a pilot project was done on a small group of providers, a larger group of primary care providers (PCPs) was recruited to be trained with our interactive materials. The pilot session, with 39 providers, showed that the cases were felt to be appropriate, that the time allocated for discussion was adequate, that the models were useful, that the experience was educational, and that the experience captured their interest. Two subsequent training sessions were held with 240 PCPs. @entity1 completed a questionnaire to elicit perceived barriers and self-efficacy and then viewed a short simulated physician- @entity1 dialogue. They then completed a set of scaled questions about treatment choices. This served as a pretest assessment. A similar simulation was then shown, and the group discussed their thoughts on diagnosis and treatment. Finally, they viewed another physician- @entity1 interaction and responded to the same questions as posed for the pretest assessment; the responses before and after assessment were compared. RESULTS: Following completion of the intervention, providers were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to make use of controller medications, @entity565 equipment, and @entity1 training. Significant (p < 0.05) increases were also seen in action plan development and the availability of office visits. Providers were significantly (p < 0.05) less likely to refer @entity565 @entity1 to an emergency department or for hospitalization. Significant (p < 0.05) improvements were also seen in perceptions of self-efficacy and barriers to treatment. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in learners' confidence about their own and @entity1 ' abilities to improve @entity565 care, and fewer barriers to @entity565 management were reported after the training. DISCUSSION: This method of training resulted in learners showing a measurable improvement in their intent to follow guidelines as applied to simulated @entity1 . An evaluation addressing actual @entity1 outcomes will need to be done.

title: The XXXX dialogues: a model of interactive education for skills.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) is the largest extant biped. Being flightless, it exhibits advanced cursorial abilities primarily evident in its characteristic speed and endurance. In addition to the active musculoskeletal complex, its powerful pelvic limbs incorporate passive structures wherein ligaments interact with joint surfaces, cartilage and other connective tissue in their course of motion. This arrangement may enable energy conservation by providing joint stabilisation, optimised limb segment orientation and automated positioning of ground contact elements independently of direct muscle control. The intertarsal joint is of particular interest considering its position near the mid-point of the extended limb and its exposure to high load during stance with significant inertial forces during swing phase. Functional-anatomical analysis of the dissected isolated joint describes the interaction of ligaments with intertarsal joint contours through the full motion cycle. Manual manipulation identified a passive @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) that establishes joint extension, provides bi-directional resistance prior to a transition point located at 115 degrees and contributes to rapid intertarsal flexion at toe off and full extension prior to touch down. This effect was subsequently quantified by measurement of intertarsal joint moments in prepared anatomical specimens in a neutral horizontal position and axially-loaded vertical position. Correlation with kinematic analyses of walking and running ostriches confirms the contribution of the @entity3883 in vivo. We hypothesise that the passive @entity3883 operates in tandem with a stringently coupled multi-jointed muscle-tendon system to conserve the metabolic cost of locomotion in the @entity6497 , suggesting that a complete understanding of terrestrial locomotion across extinct and extant taxa must include functional consideration of the ligamentous system.

title: The intertarsal joint of the @entity6497 ( XXXX ): Anatomical examination and function of passive structures in locomotion.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['engage-disengage mechanism', 'EDM']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['Struthio camelus', 'ostrich']

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['Struthio camelus']


abstract: This study was carried out on 1600 rectal swabs from @entity1 under 5 years of age admitted at the health centre in Islamshahr, Tehran province, Islamic Republic of Iran, during 1998-99. The specimens were examined for various bacterial pathogens. Isolation rates were: enteropathogenic @entity526 6.8%, Shigella spp. 3.4%, Salmonella spp. 2.9%, Campylobacter spp. 0.9%, @entity2550 spp. 0.7%. The isolation rate was highest in the summer, except for @entity2550 spp., which was predominantly isolated in spring. The results of this study demonstrate the significance of @entity2550 spp. and Campylobacter spp. in @entity1 with @entity294 .

title: Occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in XXXX under 5 years with @entity294 in south Tehran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A new method for culturing rodent whole embryos at the late organogenesis stage was developed using a roller-bottle system with intermittent gassing. @entity35 embryos were cultured for 24 h from gestational day (GD) 13.5 to 14.5. Growth and metabolic comparisons were made between in vivo embryos and embryos of the same GD cultured under various media and conditions. Crown-rump length, head length and protein content were used as growth indicators. Biologic markers such as embryonic tissue concentration of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity9492 ( @entity9492 ) and lipid peroxidation were used as assessments of metabolic activity in terms of oxidative stress. Embryos cultured with media consisting of either 15% or 20% male rat serum and balanced with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were found to most closely match in vivo embryos. 6 h gassing intervals and 5 mL medium volume/embryo provided optimal conditions for cultured embryos. By shortening the 24 h embryo culture period to 12 h, embryonic @entity548 was avoided. Moreover, the 12-h cultured embryos showed similar redox @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratios and similar @entity2197 content to the in vivo embryos, which was not observed in the embryos cultured under 24 h culture conditions. The present work demonstrates the utility of late organogenesis stage embryo culture as a model for the assessment of in vivo embryonic growth and oxidative stress indices.

title: Oxidative stress status and development of late organogenesis stage XXXX whole embryos cultured from gestational days 13.5 to 14.5.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'glutathione disulfide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Esophagectomy may lead to impairment in @entity356 , unless a pyloroplasty or pyloromyotomy is performed. These procedures may be technically challenging during minimally invasive esophagectomy, and they are associated with a small but definable morbidity, such as @entity11315 . We sought to determine the results of our early experience with injecting the pylorus with botulinum toxin instead of conventional pyloric drainage. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 who had undergone esophagectomy and injection of the pylorus with botulinum toxin were identified. Twelve @entity1 had undergone botulinum toxin injection at the time of minimally invasive esophagectomy, and the remaining three had been treated endoscopically after surgery. The latter three @entity1 had undergone esophagectomy with either no pyloric drainage (n = 2) or an inadequate pyloromyotomy (n = 1), and they presented in the postoperative period with @entity356 . The adequacy of emptying after injection was assessed by the @entity1 ' ability to tolerate a regular diet, a barium swallow, and a nuclear @entity356 study. RESULTS: No @entity1 injected with botulinum toxin during esophagectomy developed @entity356 or @entity1174 in the perioperative period. Eight of these @entity1 underwent a nuclear emptying scan at a median of 4.2 months after surgery, which showed a mean emptying half-life of 100 min. With a median follow-up of 5.3 months, one @entity1 (8%) required reintervention for symptoms of @entity7623 , presumably after the effect of the toxin subsided. All three @entity1 injected postoperatively demonstrated an improvement in symptoms of @entity1084 and were able to resume a regular diet. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of the pylorus with botulinum toxin can be performed safely in @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and durability of this technique compared to the accepted procedures of pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty.

title: A pilot study of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of XXXX following esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity11315 :: ('MESH:D004377', 'Disease') :: ['leakage and dumping syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'delayed gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['delayed gastric emptying']


abstract: @entity921 is a vital element and cofactor of many key enzymes, but it is toxic at high levels, causing pronounced disturbances in the @entity1 brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using @entity921 ions as a paramagnetic contrast agent are often limited by the @entity2359 of @entity3281 . In this work, we have explored a new in vivo model to study @entity3281 uptake, distribution and @entity2359 in @entity19 by subcutaneous implantation of mini-osmotic pumps delivering @entity13718 continuously for 21 days. Fractionated injections can reduce the @entity137 ; however, constant administration at very low doses using osmotic pumps caused a substantial effect on the T(1) contrast in MRI while reducing @entity137 . @entity921 -enhanced MRI documented fast but reversible @entity3281 deposition largely in glomerular and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb, in the @entity4779 area of the hippocampus, and in the gray matter of the cerebellum. @entity3281 accumulated as early as the first days after implantation, with a fast dispersal 9 days after stopping a 12-days @entity3281 exposure. Prominent @entity3281 accumulation was also seen in salivary glands and in the endocrine thyroid and posterior pituitary gland. These structures with enhanced @entity3281 accumulation correlated well with those showing high expression of the secretory pathway @entity141 / @entity3281 -ATPase (SPCA1), i.e. a transporter that could take part in @entity3281 detoxification. Our new experimental model for continuous low-dosage administration of @entity3281 is an easy alternative for enhancing @entity3281 -based contrast in MEMRI studies, and might provide insight into the etiology of neuropathologies resulting from chronic @entity3281 exposure in vivo.

title: Evaluation of @entity921 uptake and XXXX in @entity19 brain during continuous @entity13718 administration using osmotic pumps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese', 'Manganese']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The occurrence and morphologic aspects of @entity358 were evaluated in open lung biopsy specimens from 128 @entity1 with @entity370 . All of the specimens showed parenchymal granulomas characteristic of @entity370 , and in 88(69%), @entity12513 was seen. In the speclimens that exhibited @entity12513 , @entity1211 was mos common, seen in 92% of the cases. In 61% of these biopsy specimens, only @entity1211 was seen; in 31%, both venous and arterial involvement was present. Only 8% of the positive specimens showed @entity455 exclusively. The extent of @entity1333 was quantitated. Focal segmental elastic tissue destruction, partial or complete, was a common finding. No instances of @entity439 formation, endothelial erosion, or @entity715 were observed. Occlusive narrowing of small vessels was frequent. Bronchial blood vessels were not involved.

title: Granulomatous @entity358 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous angiitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous pulmonary angiitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous involvement']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: 1. @entity224 dismutase activity has been determined in liver homogenates of five species. There were no significant differences in the activities of the enzyme in the @entity35 , rainbow lizard, wall gecko and @entity1573 . The activity was significantly lower in the fish. 2. The order of activity of the enzyme in the organs/tissues of the @entity35 was liver greater than kidney greater than heart greater than skeletal muscle greater than brain greater than lung greater than spleen greater than spinal cord greater than retina greater than pancrease greater than lens greater than small intestine. 3. Inhibition studies with @entity3789 showed that the enzyme in the liver of the various animal species was inhibited by @entity3789 . 4. The developmental pattern for the enzyme showed no significant changes in the liver of the @entity35 from birth and up to 7 weeks after. However, the activity increased at about 8 weeks and remained constant to adult life.

title: A comparative study of XXXX dismutase in various animal species.

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity20117 is considered an excellent marker for monitoring nutritional status in serum. In cerebrospinal fluid it is synthesized by chroroid plexus. @entity16 is an emergent disease with a hypothetically viral and nutritional origin. OBJECTIVE: To know the behavior of this transport molecule in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in @entity1 with @entity16 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid was quantified in 11 @entity1 with @entity16 , eight @entity1 suffering from other @entity16 and 15 @entity1 with @entity1467 and 10 @entity1 with @entity195 . RESULTS: Serum @entity20117 was diminished in @entity1 with @entity16 , other @entity16 and @entity195 . @entity1467 @entity1 had significantly higher @entity20117 levels in comparison with @entity16 and @entity195 . Cerebrospinal fluid @entity20117 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity16 in comparison with the normal values and with @entity195 @entity1 whose values were settled below the normal values. CONCLUSIONS: The decrement of serum @entity20117 in @entity16 indicates @entity3147 and its higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid also indicate a @entity1800 . These findings support the nutrio-viral hypothesis of the disease.

title: [ @entity20117 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid sustain the nutrio-viral hypothesis of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cuban epidemic neuropathy', 'neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity20117 :: ('7276', 'Gene') :: ['transthyretin', 'Transthyretin']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Cuban epidemic neuropathy']


abstract: @entity1529 and @entity1530 antigens are integral membrane glycoproteins which consist of a glycosylated heavy chain embedded in the membrane in noncovalent association with @entity2262 , a water-soluble polypeptide. The assembly and maturation of these antigens has been studied in vivo in the @entity1 B lymphoblastoid cell line T5-1 (HLA-A1, -A2, -B8, -B27). Two antigenically distinct populations of @entity2149 heavy chains can be detected by antisera which recognize determinants sensitive to the conformation of the heavy chain. One heavy chain population is associated with @entity2262 , whereas the other population is not. These populations can be further distinguished by their oligosaccharide structure and their localization within the cell. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate a precursor-product relationship between these heavy chain populations and suggest the following pathway for the assembly and maturation of @entity2149 antigens. The completed heavy chains initially carry high @entity3913 oligosaccharides and are largely or wholly associated with @entity2262 . During the next 10-15 min, association with @entity2262 occurs and the heavy chain conformation is altered. Beginning at about 30 min after synthesis, the oligosaccharides are converted from the high @entity3913 form to the complex form, and between 60 and 80 min after synthesis, the mature antigens appear at the cell surface. These observations are discussed in relation to in vivo and in vitro studies on the biosynthesis of a variety of secreted proteins and membrane proteins.

title: Assembly and maturation of @entity1529 and XXXX antigens in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a case of a seventy-eight year-old @entity1 who developed @entity3746 without any sign of @entity1897 during the treatment of @entity1073 . He first presented in 2008 with a few bilateral small inguinal lymph nodes. Inguinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated @entity1073 . Flow cytometry studies of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were compatible with @entity1073 . R- @entity3726 chemotherapy triweekly (Rituximab; @entity786 ; @entity632 ; @entity1891 ; and @entity1667 ) was planned. At the end of the second cycle, the @entity1 complained of hoarseness without any symptoms of @entity1282 or odynophagia. Direct flexible laryngoscopy showed bilateral @entity3746 . @entity1891 was discontinued and the @entity1 's voice gradually resolved in about 4 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1891 may cause peripheral, autonomic and @entity129 . However cranial nerve involvement is quite uncommon.

title: @entity3746 during the treatment of @entity1073 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['Mantle Cell Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: The local distribution of both the vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) and the vacuolar-type proton pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), the main vacuolar proton pumps, was investigated in intact vacuoles isolated from @entity958 suspension-cultured cells. Fluorescent immunostaining showed that V-PPase was distributed evenly on the vacuolar membrane (VM), but V-ATPase localized to specific regions of the VM. We hypothesize that there may be membrane microdomains on the VM. To confirm this hypothesis, we prepared detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the VM in accordance with well established conventional methods. Analyses of @entity844 composition suggested that DRMs had more saturated @entity1718 compared with the whole VM in @entity2434 and @entity3633 . In the proteomic analyses of both DRMs and detergent-soluble mebranes (DSMs), we confirmed the different local distributions of V-ATPase and V-PPase. The observations of DRMs with an electron microscope supported the existence of different areas on the VM. Moreover, it was observed using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy (TIRFM) that proton pumps were frequently immobilized at specific sites on the VM. In the proteomic analyses, we also found that many other vacuolar membrane proteins are distributed differently in DRMs and DSMs. Based on the results of this study, we discuss the possibility that VM microdomains might contribute to vacuolar dynamics.

title: Studies on vacuolar membrane microdomains isolated from XXXX suspension-cultured cells: local distribution of vacuolar membrane proteins.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Repair of complete atrioventricular canal with @entity215 was performed in 9 @entity1 . @entity1757 was closed through the right atrium using a single @entity736 patch with ample anterior extension to avoid subaortic obstruction. The @entity118 was closed with a separate patch. Undivided @entity340 were sandwiched between the two patches. Right ventricular outflow tract stenosis was relieved by pulmonary valvotomy and an infundibular patch in 7, a supravalvar patch (none transannular) in 6, and right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit in 2. There was one hospital death (1/9, 11%) in a @entity1 with persistent clinically significant @entity891 and @entity998 requiring reoperation and right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit insertion. There was no late mortality. All @entity1 are asymptomatic 0.3 to 5.6 years after operation. Follow-up right ventricular outflow tract gradient ranged from 11 to 43 mm Hg and was 70 mm Hg in 1 @entity1 who later had successful relief of obstruction. Three @entity1 had @entity339 ; 1 needed reoperation. @entity146 relief of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis with maintenance of pulmonary valve competence and use of two separate patches for closure of the @entity1757 contribute to optimum immediate and long-term results after repair of this lesion.

title: Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular septal defect', 'septal defects']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve leaflets']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Poly IC, stabilized with @entity5731 and @entity5070 cellulose (poly ICLC), resists hydrolysis by primate serum (unlike the parent compound), induces high levels of serum interferon, and is effective in acute @entity1800 of subhuman primates. In a phase I-II clinical trial, poly ICLC was given iv in 15 daily doses of 0.5-27.0 mg/m2 to 19 @entity1 with various solid @entity5 and to six @entity1 with @entity3052 (1-65 years of age). At least three complete trials were conducted at each of six dose levels. Toxic reactions included fever (in 100% of trials), @entity390 (44%) @entity551 (28%), @entity882 and @entity1431 (68%), erythema (12%), and @entity4841 plus @entity925 (16%). @entity551 and @entity4841 - @entity925 were related to dose level and/or magnitude of interferon induction, but other toxic manifestations were not. Poly ICLC induced significant serum interferon levels in 76% of trials, and the correlation between dose and peak interferon titer was linear. The maximum tolerated dose for all @entity1 at a given drug dose was 12 mg/m2; at this dose, the mean peak interferon titer was 1940 reference units/ml. At a dose of 18 mg/m2, the mean peak interferon titer was 4473 reference units/ml, but severe @entity925 and @entity4841 were intolerable in at least half of the @entity1 , and most had significant @entity551 . At a dose of 27 mg/m2, one @entity1 had @entity810 . At high doses, iv poly ICLC also induced interferon in the cerebrospinal fluid.

title: Phase I-II trials of poly IC stabilized with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia', 'arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity5731 :: (CHEBI:61490,Chemical) :: ['poly-L-lysine']


abstract: To assess metabolic turnover in @entity1 with @entity1378 @entity353 in mg . kg-1 . @entity1009 (specific @entity353 , SWL) was measured by means of a new type of scale working on the buoyance principle with a minimal susceptibility of 10 mg per 100 kg. Weight loss rate was significantly increased in @entity1378 @entity1 (n=22;SWL, 22.0 +/-1.4 (SE) mg. kg-1 . @entity1009 ) compared to health controls (n=11; SWL, 10.0 +/-0.4 (SE) mg . kg-1 . @entity1009 ). The fall in SWL paralleled the decrease in thyroid hormone levels in serum in the beginning of antithyroid treatment and remained unchanged thereafter in spite of a further drop in @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) levels. After six weeks of treatment SWL reached the upper normal range despite hormone levels in the low range of normal. The findings indicate that the normalization of the basal metabolic rate as assessed by the estimation of SWL is slower than the decline in serum hormone levels. There was no correlation between thyroid hormone levels and SWL before initiating therapy or during antithyroid treatment (T4 vs. SWL, r = 0.22;n = 56). Thus serum levels of T4 and T3 appear to be rather insufficient indices regarding the respective metabolic state as estimated by SWL.

title: Specific @entity353 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SESs) in the treatment of severe @entity613 and critical limb ischaemia with "below-the-knee" lesions, unsuitable for surgery. BACKGROUND: Limited published evidence suggests that drug-eluting stents may offer significant improvements in the treatment of infrapopliteal lesions. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 with either severe @entity613 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ), category 3-6 of Rutherford classification, and multivessel disease of infrapopliteal arteries (> or = 2 vessels) were treated with SES. Sixty-two arteries were treated with 106 SES. Mean age was 73.9 years, 77% of @entity1 were male and 36% @entity6 . The primary endpoint was clinical improvement and healing of @entity1066 at short term (1 month) and mid term (7.7 months). The secondary endpoint was primary vessel patency rate (angiographic or duplex assessment). All @entity1 received @entity1397 (75 mg daily) or @entity1396 (150 mg daily) for 2 months or longer. RESULTS: Angiographic and procedural success was achieved in all @entity1 . At 7 months (7.7 +/- 5.8), it was necessary to amputate 1 toe in one @entity1 and 1 mid-foot in another. Limb salvage was obtained in 100% of @entity1 . Other events were: two @entity204 unrelated to @entity63 , one @entity64 with hemiparesia, one @entity1613 , one contralateral @entity63 , and three recurrent @entity613 cases. All surviving @entity1 had a mid-term clinical improvement with 97% of primary patency (56 patent arteries on 58 arteries). CONCLUSION: Treatment of "below-the-knee" lesions with SES may provide an alternative treatment for @entity1 with @entity63 .

title: XXXX for below the knee lesions: mid-term results of SiroBTK study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['homolateral claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial reperfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of laparoscopy in the setting of @entity698 remains controversial. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the early postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) compared to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) in @entity1 with @entity698 . METHODS: A total of 1,032 @entity1 required an appendectomy between January 2005 and December 2009. Among these @entity1 , 169 presented with @entity698 . Operation times, length of hospital stay, overall complication rates within 30 days, and @entity281 ( @entity281 ) rates were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 169 evaluated @entity1 , 106 required LA and 63 @entity1538 . Although operation times were similar in both groups (92    31 min for LA vs. 98    45 for @entity1538 , p = 0.338), length of hospital stay was shorter in the LA group (6.9    3.8 days vs. 11.5    9.2, p < 0.001). Overall complication rates were significantly lower in the LA group (32.1 vs. 52.4 %, p < 0.001), as were incisional @entity281 (1.9 vs. 22.2 %, p < 0.001). Organ/space @entity281 rates were similar in both groups (23.6 % after LA vs. 20.6 % after @entity1538 , p = 0.657). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity698 , LA results in a significantly shorter hospital stay, fewer @entity260 , and fewer @entity2737 compared to @entity1538 . Organ/space @entity281 rates were similar for both procedures. LA provides a safe option for treating @entity1 with @entity698 .

title: Laparoscopic approach in @entity698 : increased incidence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['overall postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: @entity2438 is a @entity245 presenting before 3 years of age with @entity497 and @entity146 . In addition to genetic influences, recent studies suggest that prenatal drug or chemical exposures are risk factors for @entity2438 . @entity4183 , a @entity10341 agonist used to arrest @entity3152 , has been associated with increased concordance for @entity2438 in dizygotic twins. We studied the effects of @entity4183 on microglial activation in different brain regions and behavioral outcomes in developing @entity35 . Newborn @entity35 were given @entity4183 (10 mg/kg) daily on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 2 to 5 or @entity227 11 to 14 and examined 24 h after the last dose and at @entity227 30. Immunohistochemical studies showed that administration of @entity4183 on @entity227 2 to 5 produced a robust increase in microglial activation on @entity227 30 in the cerebral cortex, as well as in cerebellar and cerebrocortical white matter. None of these effects occurred in animals given @entity4183 on @entity227 11 to 14. In behavioral tests, animals treated with @entity4183 on @entity227 2 to 5 showed consistent patterns of hyper-reactivity to novelty and aversive stimuli when assessed in a novel open field, as well as in the acoustic startle response test. Our findings indicate that @entity10341 overstimulation during an early critical period results in microglial activation associated with innate neuroinflammatory pathways and @entity146 , similar to those described in @entity2438 . This study provides a useful animal model for understanding the neuropathological processes underlying @entity72 .

title: Neuroinflammation and @entity146 after neonatal @entity4183 treatment in @entity35 : implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'postnatal days']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors', 'behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in communication and social skills']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: @entity15250 uses @entity10841 as the sole @entity1568 source for growth by converting @entity10841 to @entity9109 , which acts as a donor of the @entity1472 group. This metabolic step requires the products of the phhA and phhB genes, which form an operon. Expression of the phhA promoter is mediated by the phhR gene product in the presence of @entity10841 or @entity9109 . The PhhR protein belongs to the NtrC family of enhancers. In contrast with most members of this family of regulators, transcription from the promoter of the phhAB operon (P(phhA)) is mediated by RNA polymerase with sigma(70) rather than with sigma(54). The PhhR regulator binds two similar but non-identical upstream PhhR motifs (5'-TGTAAAATTATCGTTACG-3' and 5'-ACAAAAACTGTGTTTCCG-3') that are located 39 and 97 nucleotides upstream of the proposed -35 hexamer for RNA polymerase, respectively. These motifs are called PhhR proximal and PhhR distal binding motifs because of their position with respect to the RNA polymerase binding site. Affinity of PhhR for its target sequences was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry and was found to be around 30 nM for the proximal site and 2 microM for the distal site, and the binding stoichiometry is of a dimer per binding site. Both target sequences are sine qua non requirements for transcription, since inactivation of either of them resulted in no transcription from the phhA promoter. An IHF binding site overlaps the proximal PhhR proximal motif, which is recognized by IHF with a K(D) of around 1.2 microM. IHF may consequently compete with PhhR for binding and indeed inhibits PhhR-dependent phhAB operon expression.

title: Catabolism of phenylalanine by XXXX : the NtrC-family PhhR regulator binds to two sites upstream from the phhA gene and stimulates transcription with sigma70.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tyrosine']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: The embryologic origins of @entity154 of the odontoid process are reviewed. Four cases of @entity16490 in childhood are presented. All of our cases were associated with a @entity542 , which subsequently led to the diagnosis. @entity158 was the most common presenting complaint in our @entity1 . @entity3799 was the most consistent physcial finding. There was no major @entity16 implicating @entity1745 in any of our @entity1 . This is not true of adults with @entity154 of the odontoid, particularly those with @entity8432 . The diagnosis of @entity16490 is a radiographic one. Flexion-extension films, tomograms and cineradiograms are often required to make the diagnosis. C1-C2 subluxation, either anterior or posterior is often found. Prompt posterior cervical fusion is recommended as the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX of the odontoid in @entity1 . A report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial instability']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['odontoid dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defect']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased cervical mobility']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital anomaly']


abstract: 1. The effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the changes in plasma @entity1122 activity (PRA) following angiotensin enzyme ( @entity2814 ) inhibition were investigated in @entity4485 - @entity4486 anaesthetized @entity235 . 2. @entity2814 -inhibition, with @entity4688 (2 mg kg-1), caused a significant @entity551 (BP) with little or no effect on cardiac function, and a significant elevation of plasma @entity1122 activity (PRA). By contrast beta-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity2165 (1 mg kg-1), caused a similar reduction in BP but in addition, significantly reduced cardiac function and PRA. 3. A combination of @entity4688 with @entity2165 , caused a significant reduction in BP, cardiac function and PRA, hence there was no elevation of PRA, as was seen following @entity2814 -inhibition with @entity4688 alone. 4. The observations with beta-adrenoceptor blockade alone, show that there is an important homeostatic role for the renal sympathetic innervation, mediated by beta-adrenoceptors, in controlling basal @entity1122 levels. Furthermore, the renal sympathetic innervation appears to be an important contributor to the @entity1122 release caused by an @entity2814 -inhibitor as the additional presence of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent will prevent this release. 5. BW B385C (2 mg kg-1), which combines both @entity2814 -inhibition and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, also produced reductions in BP and cardiac function similar to those seen with the @entity4688 / @entity2165 combination. In addition, for an equivalent degree of @entity2814 -inhibition by BW 385C, to that seen with @entity4688 alone, the elevation of PRA was attenuated. 6. A combination of @entity2814 -inhibition and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity in a single entity, such as BW B385C, therefore also produces a reduced @entity1122 release when compared with an @entity2814 -inhibitor, such as @entity4688 . This provides further confirmation of the importance of the renal sympathetic innervation in the @entity1122 response to @entity2814 -inhibition, and supports the concept of combining ACEinhibition with beta-adrenoceptor blockade.

title: The effects of combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on plasma XXXX activity in anaesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity1122 :: (403838(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: The prediction of outcome following severe @entity131 has received considerable attention in recent years. Previous prediction studies have focused on a long-term follow-up or prediction period. The reported outcome measures generally adopted a global approach (e.g. independent living) in terms of the prediction of physical function. The objective of the present study was to construct clinically useful predictive equations of motor system status, as represented by selected postural reactions (indicators of central nervous system function). Specifically, these equations would serve to predict the recovery of equilibrium and protective reactions both at 3 and 6 months post-injury, respectively. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, where nine predictive variables were considered using a multivariate approach. The results indicate that @entity772 duration followed by age contribute significantly to the predictive capability of the models at both 3 and 6 months post-injury. Specifically, at 3 months, the predictive variables ' @entity772 duration' and 'age' enabled an 84.62% correct prediction rate, whereas, at 6 months, ' @entity772 duration' and 'age' enabled a 79.49% correct prediction rate. In addition, the exact probabilities (for given sample ages and @entity772 durations) and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on the predictive models obtained. The theoretical framework underlying these predictive models can form the basis for further studies. Furthermore, these preliminary predictive models have potential implications for early treatment planning and @entity1 management.

title: Prediction of motor status 3 and 6 months post severe XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 deaths. @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the major @entity2 . The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profiles of miRNAs in @entity420 ( @entity420 ), one major subtype of @entity1149 . In this study, the miRNAs were detected in normal, adjacent, and @entity5 tissues by next-generation sequencing. Then the expression levels of differential miRNAs were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In the results, 259, 401, and 389 miRNAs were detected in @entity5 , adjacent, and normal tissues of pooled @entity420 samples, respectively. In addition, for the first time we have found that @entity29087 and miR-196a-5p were gradually upregulated from normal to adjacent to @entity5 tissues; miR-218-5p was gradually downregulated with 2-fold or greater change in @entity420 tissues. These 3 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Lastly, we predicted target genes of these 3 miRNAs and enriched the potential functions and regulatory pathways. The aberrant @entity29087 , miR-196a-5p, and miR-218-5p may become biomarkers for diagnosis and @entity2220 . This research may be useful for @entity2220 diagnosis and the study of pathology in @entity2 .

title: Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Tumor, Adjacent, and Normal Tissues of Lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'type of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The histological definition of @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is debated, particularly regarding the phenotype of its metaplastic columnar epithelium. Histologically proven intestinal metaplasia (IM) was the sine qua non condition for a diagnosis of @entity355 but, more recently, non-intestinalized (i.e., cardiac gastric-type; @entity7419 ) columnar metaplasia has been re-included in the spectrum of Barrett's histology. MicroRNAs modulate cell commitment, and are also reportedly dysregulated in Barrett's @entity105 . This study investigates miRNA expression in the histological spectrum of esophageal columnar metaplastic changes, specifically addressing the biological profile of @entity7419 vs. IM. METHODS: A study was performed to discover microRNA microarray in 30 matching mucosa samples obtained from 10 consecutive @entity355 @entity1 ; for each @entity1 , biopsy tissue samples were obtained from squamous, @entity7419 and intestinalized epithelium. Microarray findings were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis in another bioptic series of 75 mucosa samples. RESULTS: MicroRNA profiling consistently disclosed metaplasia-specific microRNA signatures. Six microRNAs were significantly dysregulated across the histological phenotypes considered; five of them (two overexpressed (hsa- @entity15457 ; - @entity29087 ) and three under-expressed (hsa-miR-18a*; - @entity20157 , and - @entity16106 )) were progressively dysregulated in the phenotypic sequence from squamous to gastric-type, to intestinal-type mucosa samples. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent microRNA expression signature underlies both gastric- and intestinal-type esophageal metaplasia. The pattern of microRNA dysregulation suggests that @entity7419 may further progress to IM. The clinico-pathological implications of these molecular profiles prompt further study on the "personalized" @entity5 risk associated with each of these metaplastic transformations.

title: MicroRNA Expression Profiling in the Histological Subtypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's Metaplasia']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) were measured in venous blood samples of 100 healthy pregnant Nigerian @entity1 from weeks 5 to 40, using a batasubunit, @entity1465 --specific radioimmunoassay. By week 5 @entity1465 concentration was 3.39 +/- 2.35 Iu/ml (mean +/- SEM). An exponential rise occurred from week 5 to 8, during which period a direct relationship was observed between serum @entity1465 levels and the gestational age (r2 = 0.996; p less than 0.001). The calculated mean doubling-time of @entity1465 concentration, during this period of exponential increase was 5.08 days. A peak @entity1465 concentration of 62.61 +/- 0.81 Iu/ml was attained at week 8, followed by a progressive decrease in concentration from week 9. The decrease in concentration reached a nadir by week 17 with a value of 4.77 +/- 2.48 Iu/ml. Between weeks 17 and 40 no significant difference in weekly mean values was detected. The respective mean values of @entity1465 for the three trimesters were 25.79 Iu/ml for the first (n = 32), 8.91 Iu/ml for the second (n = 86) and 5.18 Iu/ml for the third (n = 110). There was no secondary peak of @entity1465 concentration during the third trimester. The significance of these data is discussed.

title: Levels of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in healthy pregnant Nigeria @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation positive @entity1149 exhibited marked response to @entity4562 or @entity3866 . In most cases, however, the @entity1 showed disease progression after @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed in combination with @entity470 -TKI in @entity1 with disease progression. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity470 -mutant stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 that progressed during @entity4562 or @entity3866 therapy were administered pemetrexed with the continuation of @entity470 -TKI treatment. Pemetrexed was administered on day 1 at a dose of 500 mg/m, and @entity470 was sequentially administered on days 2 to 16. This treatment was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression. The primary endpoint was disease control rate. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The median number of treatment cycles was six. Overall response rate was 25.9% (95% confidence interval, 9.4%-42.4%) and disease control rate was 77.8% (95% confidence interval, 62.1%-93.5%). Grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 were @entity1398 (22.2%), @entity1431 (14.8%), and @entity417 (7.4%). Grade 4 nonhematological @entity137 were not observed. Major grade 3 nonhematological @entity137 were @entity448 (14.8%), @entity281 (14.8%), and fatigue (11.1%). The median progression-free survival was 7.0 months, and median survival time was 11.4 months. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Pemetrexed in combination with @entity3866 or @entity4562 after disease progression shows favorable response and acceptable @entity137 .

title: Prospective assessment of continuation of @entity3866 or @entity4562 in XXXX with acquired resistance to @entity3866 or @entity4562 followed by the addition of pemetrexed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR-TKI', 'EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study investigates the impact of alpha- @entity12819 on bone metabolism after implantation of @entity691 particles. alpha- @entity12819 knockout @entity19 showed less @entity3061 compared with wildtype @entity19 . The local neurogenic microenvironment might be a crucial factor in particle-induced @entity3061 . INTRODUCTION: @entity3564 is the major reason for aseptic @entity2720 . This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha- @entity12819 ) @entity2331 under conditions of @entity691 particle-induced @entity3061 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the @entity19 @entity3061 model based on @entity691 particles in 14 C57BL 6 @entity19 and 14 alpha- @entity12819 -deficient @entity19 divided into four groups of 7 @entity19 each. Groups 1 ( @entity3532 (alpha- @entity12819 knockout) received sham surgery, and groups 2 ( @entity3532 (alpha- @entity12819 knockout) were treated with @entity691 particles. Qualitative and quantitative 3D analyses were performed using microCT. In addition, bone resorption was measured within the midline suture by histological examination. The number of osteoclasts was determined by counting the TRACP(+) cells. Calvarial bone was tested for @entity5271 expression by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Bone resorption was significantly reduced in alpha- @entity12819 -deficient @entity19 compared with their corresponding wildtype C57BL 6 @entity19 as confirmed by histomorphometric data (p < 0.001) and microCT (p < 0.01). Osteoclast numbers were significantly reduced in group 3 and the particle subgroup compared with group 1 (p < 0.001). We observed a >3-fold increase of basal @entity5271 mRNA levels within group 1 compared with group 3. Additional low @entity5271 immunochemistry staining was noted in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, alpha- @entity12819 knockout @entity19 did not show the expected extended @entity3061 compared with wildtype @entity19 expressing alpha- @entity12819 . One of the most reasonable explanations for the observed decrease in @entity3061 could be linked to the @entity16323 ( @entity16323 )/RANK/ @entity5271 system in alpha- @entity12819 -deficient animals. As a consequence, the fine tuning of osteoclasts mediating resorption in alpha- @entity12819 -null @entity19 may be deregulated.

title: @entity691 particle-induced bone resorption in alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency on bone metabolism']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial osteolysis', 'osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['loosening in joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['Periprosthetic osteolysis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are increasingly treated with preoperative chemotherapy. Chemotherapy associated @entity99 is associated with @entity7752 ( @entity7752 ) and mortality. The adequate minimum future liver remnant (FLR) volume in @entity1 treated with extensive chemotherapy remains unknown. METHODS: All @entity1 with standardized FLR  >  20  %, who underwent extended right hepatectomy for @entity14 from 1993-2011, were divided into three cohorts by chemotherapy duration: no chemotherapy (NC, n  =  30), @entity851 ( @entity851 ,  <=12  weeks, n  =  78), long duration (LD, >12  weeks, n  =  86). @entity7752 and mortality were compared by using uni-/multivariate analyses. Optimal FLR for LD chemotherapy was determined using a minimum p-value approach. RESULTS: A total of 194 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. LD chemotherapy was significantly associated with @entity7752 (NC  +  @entity851 3.7 vs. LD 16.3%, p  =  0.006). Ninety-day mortality rates were 0  % in NC, 1.3  % in @entity851 , and 2.3% in LD @entity1 , respectively (p  =  0.95). In @entity1 with FLR  >  30  %, @entity7752 occurred in only two @entity1 (both LD, 2/20, 10  %), but all @entity1 with FLR  >  30  % survived. The best cutoff of FLR for preventing @entity7752 after chemotherapy >12  weeks was estimated as >30  %. Both LD chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] 5.4, p  =  0.004) and FLR   <=  30  % (OR 6.3, p  =  0.019) were independent predictors of @entity7752 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chemotherapy >12  weeks increases the risk of @entity7752 after extended right hepatectomy. In @entity1 treated with long-duration chemotherapy, FLR  >  30  % reduces the rate of @entity7752 and may provide enough functional reserve for clinical rescue if @entity7752 develops.

title: Optimal future liver remnant in XXXX treated with extensive preoperative chemotherapy for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'short duration']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['PHI', 'postoperative hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CLM']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Untreated @entity572 predisposes young adults to early @entity625 . @entity717 are considered one option to delay or eliminate total hip arthroplasty. We update a report from 1991 by retrospectively reviewing 40 of 48 @entity1 (83.3%) who had 45 varus rotational osteotomies from 1971 to 1986 with a minimum followup of 15 years (mean, 22.6 years; range, 15-34 years). Results were assessed using Hospital for Special Surgery hip scores and radiographic parameters. The average age of the @entity1 at followup was 57.2 years (range, 38-81 years). Fourteen @entity1 (35%) (16 hips) had no additional procedures at 21.2 years followup (range, 15-27 years). The average Hospital for Special Surgery hip score was 33.7 with a T  nnis scale of 1.7 (mild-moderate @entity571 ). Twenty-six @entity1 (65%) (29 hips) had total hip arthroplasties an average of 9.75 years (range, 2-27 years) after @entity717 . As in the initial study, the degree of @entity571 was a predictive value for success of the @entity717 . Additionally, younger @entity1 with minimal @entity572 and @entity571 , and a better preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery hip score were predictors of success.

title: XXXX for adults with @entity572 : a 20-year followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia', 'hip subluxation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Varus rotational osteotomies', 'varus rotational osteotomy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Varus rotational osteotomies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with high-grade @entity263 experience a survival benefit when @entity342 suppression therapy is combined with radiotherapy (RT) compared with RT alone. We evaluated whether an association exists between the pretreatment @entity1486 (PSA) velocity and high-grade @entity263 at diagnosis, controlling for known predictors of high-grade disease. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 358 @entity1 with Stage @entity263 treated with external beam RT from 1989 to 2002. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether an association exists between the pretreatment PSA velocity, PSA level, age, clinical T stage, and Gleason score 4+3 or greater compared with Gleason score 3+4 or less @entity263 . RESULTS: Of the 358 @entity1 , 73 had a Gleason score of 4+3 or greater. The median PSA velocity was 2.71 ng/mL/yr (interquartile range 1.09 to 12.6) for @entity1 with a Gleason score of 4+3 or greater and 1.24 ng/mL/yr (interquartile range 0.71 to 3.37) for @entity1 with a Gleason score of 3+4 or less. All clinical covariates were significantly associated (P < or = 0.05) with a Gleason score of 4+3 or greater on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, the PSA velocity (odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.10, P = 0.004), age (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.13, P = 0.008), and clinical T stage (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 3.92, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the detection of Gleason score 4+3 or greater @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: The prediagnostic PSA velocity, @entity1 age, and clinical T stage were significantly associated with high-grade @entity263 at diagnosis. Because a biopsy Gleason score of 4+3 or greater is associated with a prostatectomy Gleason score of 7 or greater in the vast majority of cases, these parameters can identify @entity1 at high risk of harboring occult high-grade @entity263 , permitting improved selection of RT fields and the use of @entity342 suppression therapy.

title: Prediagnostic @entity1486 velocity and probability of detecting high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T1c-T4 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The glutamatergic system is increasingly being viewed as a promising target for the development of novel treatments for @entity308 . The group III metabotropic @entity2227 (mGlu) receptors (mGlu(4, 7) and (8) receptors) in particular are beginning to show promise in this respect. It remains unclear how antidepressant medications modulate mGlu receptors. In this study we investigated the effects of three antidepressant treatments ( @entity905 , @entity3652 and electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)). @entity3652 is an @entity143 receptor antagonist which possess a rapid antidepressant therapeutic profile and moreover is effective in cases of treatment-resistant @entity308 . Furthermore, ECT is also a therapeutic strategy possessing increased efficacy compared to conventional @entity1154 based therapies. The effect these two highly efficacious treatments have on hippocampal group III mGlu receptors remains completely unexplored. To redress this deficit we investigated the effects these treatments and the prototypical selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) @entity905 would have on hippocampal group III mGlu receptor mRNA levels in na  ve @entity35 and @entity35 which had undergone early-life stress in the form of the @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) procedure. We found @entity7310 significantly reduced mGlu(4) receptor expression and @entity905 reversed this @entity7310 induced change. ECT and @entity3652 treatment significantly reduced mGlu(4) receptor expression in non-separated (NS) animals while having no effect in @entity7310 animals. @entity905 and ECT significantly increased mGlu(7) receptor expression in NS animals. This work demonstrates changes to mGlu(4) receptor expression may be a lasting molecular change which occurs due to early-life stress. Taken together our data shows there are selective changes to group III mGlu receptors under basal and early-life stress conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic @entity2227 Receptors'.

title: Impact of early-life stress, on group III mGlu receptor levels in the @entity35 hippocampus: effects of @entity3652 , electroconvulsive shock therapy and XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal separation', 'MS']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: Clinical and histopathologic differentiation of cystic lesions from the sellar region, that is, @entity976 ( @entity976 ) and @entity1804 ( @entity1804 ), is challenging and has paramount importance with respect to variable clinical manifestation and adapted surgical treatment strategies in both entities. Here, we retrospectively evaluated clinico-pathologic findings in 81 @entity1 presenting with a @entity5 located in the sellar region. All @entity1 underwent transsphenoidal or transcranial resections. Microscopic inspection of surgical specimens identified @entity2723 in 51 @entity1 , and @entity1358 in 30 @entity1 . Amongst the panel of immunohistochemical marker proteins used for histopathologic analysis, nuclear accumulation of @entity3546 was detectable only in @entity2723 . On the basis of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, clinical presentation (sex, age, ophthalmologic, and @entity51 ), imaging ( @entity5 location, size, and @entity730 ), as well as a description of cyst contents obtained during operation were retrospectively evaluated. In purely cystic @entity976 , an isointense signal was more frequent in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and @entity5 capsule in computed tomography scans. In addition, the size of @entity1358 was smaller and this @entity5 entity was more often located within the sella. Aberrant (nuclear) immunohistochemical staining for @entity3546 appeared, however, as most reliable factor for the differentiation between purely cystic @entity976 and @entity1804 , whereas @entity5 location, @entity5 size, and @entity5 capsule were less consistent parameters. The data are compatible with distinct pathogenic pathways associated with these related histopathologic entities.

title: Nuclear @entity3546 accumulation as reliable marker for the differentiation between XXXX and @entity1804 : a clinico-pathologic approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'calcification of the tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['Rathke cleft cysts', 'RCCs']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'CPs']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['cystic craniopharyngiomas']