abstract: AIM: Childhood @entity1778 treatment contains multiple chemotherapeutic agents in high doses that can cause severe @entity137 effects on heart and other vital organs. In this respect @entity1 taking @entity5 chemotherapy are followed for these adverse effects. Echocardiographic myocardial performance index (MPI) was reported as a new method of combined systolic and diastolic function for both adults and @entity1 , calculated as isovolumic relaxation time plus isovolumic contraction time divided by ejection time. In addition, it has been postulated that increased inter-lead differences in QT interval ( @entity1162 ) may be associated with an increased risk of @entity204 . The aim of this study was to determine the probable immediate and late adverse effects of childhood @entity1778 treatment containing moderate dose of @entity8253 on heart by MPI and @entity1162 (QTcD). METHODS: MPI and QTcD in 55 @entity1 with @entity1778 and 38 healthy controls matched for age and sex were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between MPI values of @entity1 and controls (20.7+/-13.1 (1-59.4) and 16.1+/-13.5 (0.3-77.5), P: 0.1, respectively). Also, there was no significant difference in MPI and QTc values between @entity1 taking active treatment and those who completed the therapy and between the @entity1 given a cumulative dose of @entity4349 lower and higher than 250 mg/m2. But QTcD values were found to be higher in @entity1 than controls (0.08+/-0.03 and 0.03+/-0.01, P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was no overt @entity1370 in our @entity1 with @entity1778 treated with protocols of @entity981 BFM 95 and TRALL 2000 (Modified BFM in @entity233 ) containing moderate dose of @entity8253 . However, they can cause subclinical @entity1370 and further monitoring and evaluation with such sensitive and noninvasive methods over a longer period of time are needed.

title: Cardiac functions by myocardial performance index and XXXX in survivors of @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['corrected QT dispersion', 'QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT dispersion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess systemic hemodynamic changes in @entity1 with @entity2040 and portal @entity101 during azygoportal disconnection and splenectomy. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with portal @entity101 secondary to @entity2040 with indication for surgery were studied prospectively. All underwent invasive hemodynamic monitoring with pulmonary artery catheter. The first systemic hemodynamic assessment was performed preoperatively. In the intraoperative period new hemodynamic data were collected as follows: a) after laparotomy; b) 15-30 min after splenic artery ligature; c) 15-30 min after splenectomy; and d) after ligation of the collateral circulation. RESULTS: The results indicated preoperatively that the @entity1 presented with an increased cardiac index (4.40 +/- 0.94 L/min/m2) together with a reduction in the systemic vascular resistance index (1692.25 +/- 434.91 dyne.s/cm5.m2). The @entity64 index (53.74 +/- 10.40 ml/beat/m2) and both left (5.71 +/- 1.50 kg.m/m2) and right heart work indexes (1.12 +/- 0.74 kg.m/m2) were also elevated. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was increased (17.81 +/- 9.00 mm Hg) and the pulmonary vascular resistance index decreased (164.31 +/- 138.69 dyne.s/cm5.m2). From the moment that the splenic artery was ligated until the end of the procedure, the cardiac index (3.45 +/- 0.90 L/min/m2) was reduced and the systemic vascular resistance index (2059.50 +/- 590.05 dyne.s/cm5.m5) increased. The systolic index (44.25 +/- 11.01 ml/beat/m2) and the left ventricle work index (4.33 +/- 1.29 kg.m/m2) also reduced. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (19.18 +/- 9.21 mm Hg) and the right ventricle work index (0.94 +/- 0.62 mm Hg) remained elevated after the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The data allowed us to conclude that @entity2040 induces a hyperdynamic circulatory state that was corrected after splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection, remaining a mild @entity120 . Therefore, these changes are correlated with the portosystemic collateral circulation, especially as a consequence of splanchnic hyperflow.

title: Systemic hemodynamic changes in @entity2040 with portal XXXX treated by azygoportal disconnection and splenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ["Manson's schistosomiasis", 'hepatosplenic schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Cross-sectional studies have shown that factor VII coagulant activity (VIIc) is positively associated with plasma total @entity165 (TC), LDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 (TG) as well as body mass index (BMI) and diastolic blood pressure. To determine whether changes in VIIc parallel changes in coronary risk factors over a period of 2 years, we examined data from 1514 @entity1 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), an ongoing investigation of lifestyles and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects were 23 to 35 years old at the year 5 examination. Cross-sectional analyses at these examinations showed that VIIc was positively correlated (P < .001) with TC and TG in all race/sex groups except for TC in black @entity1 at the year 5 examination. Changes in VIIc over the 2-year period were correlated positively with changes in TC in all except black @entity1 and TG in all groups; the association of VIIc change with change in TC and TG was reduced only slightly with adjustment for age and BMI at year 5 and 2-year change in BMI. To determine whether the higher levels of VIIc in subjects with higher lipid values were due to activation of the factor or to an increase in the concentration of the factor VII clotting protein, we measured factor VII antigen (VIIag) in a randomly selected subsample of 223 subjects at the year 7 examination. In all sex/race groups, VIIag correlated with VIIc (r = .69 to 0.81). After adjustment for sex and race, the partial correlation coefficient between TG and VIIc was .28 (P = .0001); between TG and VIIag, .35 (P = .0001); between TC and VIIc, .39 (P = .0001); and between TC and VIIag, 0.43 (P = .0001). No associations were observed between lipid levels and the ratio of VIIc to VIIag. We conclude that the raised VIIc with higher lipid levels occurs in blacks as well as whites, in @entity1 and @entity1 , persists over time, and represents a true increase in the plasma concentration of this clotting factor.

title: Factor VII, @entity165 , and XXXX . The CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the long-time studied @entity792 . The triggering of the @entity792 has been ascribed to various genes active in the regulation of the cytokine gene transcription including the @entity4632 /NF-kappaB gene family. In our study the gene polymorphism of HLA class II, @entity2451 (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1) and @entity4284 (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) was tested. @entity1 were divided into the subgroups in relation to the disease type: @entity6 in @entity1 , @entity6 in adults, and @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). @entity1533 (*)04 and @entity3098 (*)0302 have been detected as risk factors for @entity6 in adults and particularly in @entity1 (P<0.0001, OR=22.9 and 46.5 respectively). @entity1533 (*)03 has been found as a single risk factor for @entity12011 (P<0.0001, OR=4.9). We detected 15 alleles for the @entity2451 gene polymorphism (CA-repeats) in the Czech population. The alleles were ranging in size from 114-142 bp corresponding to 10-25 CA repeats. Frequency of the A7 allele of @entity2451 gene has been significantly increased in @entity6 adults (P<0.01). There was no difference in A and a G allele frequency of @entity4284 gene between the control group and @entity1 , but the association of the AA genotype of @entity4284 gene has been found for @entity12011 (P<0.05). Summarizing our results we concluded that there is a high probability of association of gene polymorphism from @entity4632 /NF-kappaB family with an @entity12011 . Due to the results obtained in the epidemiological study we have been looking also for the function significance of the genetic predisposition. No significant changes have been observed by real time PCR testing of @entity1533 (*)04 gene and @entity2451 gene expression between @entity6 diabetic group with different HLA, @entity2451 , @entity4284 genetic background.

title: HLA, XXXX and @entity4284 gene polymorphism profile in @entity12011 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T1DM', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes course', 'Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults', 'LADA']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune process', 'autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NFKB1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adaptation of ventilator settings to the individual's respiratory system mechanics requires information about the pressure-volume relationship and the change of compliance which is dependent on inflated volume. Unfortunately, established methods of obtaining this information are invasive and time-consuming, and, therefore, not well suited for clinical routine. We propose a new standardized diagnostic concept based on the recently developed slice method. This multiple linear regression method (MLR) determines volume-dependent respiratory system compliance (C(SLICE)) within the tidal volume (V(T)) during ongoing mechanical ventilation. The impact of a ventilator strategy, recommended by a consensus conference, on the course of compliance within V(T) was investigated in @entity1 with the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) or @entity647 ( @entity647 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : 14 @entity649 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 with @entity647 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After measurement of flow and airway pressure and calculation of tracheal pressure, C(SLICE) was determined. The resulting course of C(SLICE) within V(T) was estimated using a mathematical algorithm. C(SLICE) data were compared to those obtained by standard MLR. We found decreasing C(SLICE) mainly in the upper part of V(T) in all @entity1 . In 7 @entity1 , we found an additional increasing C(SLICE) mainly in the lower part of V(T). CONCLUSIONS: C(SLICE) was not constant in @entity1 with @entity649 / @entity647 whose lungs were ventilated according to consensus conference recommendations. The proposed diagnostic concept may serve as a new tool to obtain a standardized estimation of respiratory system compliance within V(T) non-invasively without interfering with ongoing mechanical ventilation.

title: Volume-dependent compliance in XXXX : proposal of a new diagnostic concept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['ARDS']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors describe the first clinical trial with encapsulated cell biodelivery (ECB) implants that deliver @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) to the cholinergic basal forebrain with the intention of halting the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and the associated @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The NsG0202 implant (NsGene A/S) consists of an @entity4150 -producing, genetically engineered @entity1 cell line encapsulated behind a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane that allows the influx of nutrients and the efflux of @entity4150 . The centimeter-long capsule is attached to an inert polymer tether that is used to guide the capsule to the target via stereotactic techniques and is anchored to the skull at the bur hole. METHODS: Six @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 were included in this Phase Ib open-label safety study and were divided into 2 dose cohorts. The first cohort of 3 @entity1 received single implants targeting the basal nucleus of Meynert (Ch4 region) bilaterally (2 implants per @entity1 ), and after a safety evaluation, a second cohort of 3 @entity1 received bilateral implants (a total of 4 implants per @entity1 ) targeting both the Ch4 region and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (Ch2 region). Stereotactic implantation of the devices was successfully accomplished in all @entity1 . Despite extensive @entity1010 , all targets could be reached without traversing sulci, the insula, or lateral ventricles. RESULTS: Postoperative CT scans allowed visualization of the barium-impregnated tethers, and fusion of the scans with stereotactic MR images scan was used to verify the intended positions of the implants. Follow-up MRI at 3 and 12 months postimplantation showed no evidence of @entity32 or device displacement. At 12 months, implants were successfully retrieved, and low but persistent @entity4150 secretion was detected in half of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: With refinement, the ECB technology is positioned to become an important therapeutic platform in restorative neurosurgery and, in combination with other therapeutic factors, may be relevant for the treatment of a variety of @entity16 . Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01163825.

title: Targeted delivery of @entity4150 via encapsulated cell biodelivery in XXXX : a technology platform for restorative neurosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether surgeon case volume and Unit case volume affected specific recognized key performance indicators (KPIs) of @entity0 surgical management. BACKGROUND: An increasing body of evidence suggests that a higher standard of @entity5 care, demonstrated by improved outcomes, is provided in high-volume units or by high-volume surgeons. The volume-outcome relationship pertaining to screen-detected @entity0 has yet to be thoroughly established and remains a pertinent issue in view of the debate surrounding @entity0 screening. METHODS: The study population comprised all @entity1 with a new screen diagnosed @entity0 between 2004-2005 and 2009-2010. Surgeons' mean annual @entity1 volumes were calculated and grouped as very low (<5), low (5-15), medium (16-49), or high volume (>50). The effect of breast screening unit volume was also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using Minitab V16.0 software (State College, PA) and R V2.13.0. RESULTS: There were 81,416 @entity1 aged 61 (  6.8) years treated by 682 surgeons across 82 units. There were 209 very low-, 126 low-, 295 medium-, and 51 high-volume surgeons. The proportion of @entity1 managed by very low-, low-, medium-, and high-volume surgeons was 1.2%, 6.9%, 65.5%, and 25.7%, respectively. @entity1 managed by high-volume surgeons were more likely to have breast-conserving surgery (BCS) than those managed by low-volume surgeons (P < 0.001). There was a higher proportion of sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) performed by high-volume surgeons in invasive @entity5 (P = 0.005). High-volume units performed more BCS and SLNB than low-volume units (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Even in a setting with established quality control measures (KPIs) surgeon and unit volume have potent influences on initial @entity1 management and treatment.

title: Surgeon and breast unit volume-outcome relationships in XXXX surgery and treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) is a rare, surgically correctable cause of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ). We report 2 cases and review the literature for cases of @entity1368 secondary to @entity774 successfully treated via surgery. METHODS: Two cases of @entity774 treated at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, we reviewed 28 cases of @entity774 previously reported in the English literature. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 49 (range: 10-62) years, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. All @entity1 were @entity101 , with a median preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 170 (range: 135-250) mmHg and 110 (range: 75-140) mmHg, respectively. Most @entity1 were @entity8598 , with a median serum @entity972 level of 2.8 (range: 1.4-3.9) mmol/l. Ten out of 13 @entity1 (77%) who underwent postural studies had a decrease or no change in the plasma @entity1369 level, suggesting a unilateral source of @entity1368 , and 9/17 @entity1 (53%) who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan were correctly localized. Twelve @entity1 underwent adrenal scintigraphy with or without @entity619 suppression, of whom 6 (50%) were correctly localized. In 1 @entity1 , adrenal scintigraphy demonstrated localization to the opposite gland. @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) was performed in 22 @entity1 and successfully localized the lesion in all the @entity1 . At a median follow-up of 12 (range: 3-96) months postsurgery, 47% of @entity1 (14/30) were completely cured of their @entity101 and 50% (15/30) had improved control. All 30 @entity1 were cured of @entity1371 . CONCLUSION: Although the existence of @entity774 remains controversial, it is increasingly accepted as a unique pathologic entity and has an excellent outcome after unilateral adrenalectomy.

title: Primary @entity1368 secondary to unilateral @entity774 : an unusual cause of surgically correctable XXXX . A review of 30 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal venous sampling', 'AVS']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PH', 'hyperaldosteronism', 'primary hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia', 'UAH']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Since July, 1972, we have converted 14 Scribner shunts, which we had used for the initiation of hemodialysis in 14 @entity1 with @entity454 , to @entity2548 in the same peripheral artery and vein of the shunts for maintenance chronic dialysis. The shunts were converted to fistulaes electively in three @entity1 and because of malfunction in 11. We did not convert infected shunts. Dialysis was resumed within 24 to 72 hours of conversion to a @entity292 in all 14 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 were followed from 14 to 1,505 days with pump speeds of about 300 cc/minute. The fistulas continued to function without complication. One @entity1 developed a small @entity2849 , which required excision. The overall patency rate was 93%. The autogenous peripheral vessels of a @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis are a limited resource. This conversion or recycling technique will give the @entity1 a preferred vascular access for dialysis for prolonged periods.

title: Conversion of a Scribner shunt to an XXXX for chronic dialysis.

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: @entity3040 systemic @entity82 / @entity3040 fibrosing @entity3431 ( @entity37781 /NFD) is a rare fibrosing disorder that occurs in @entity1 with @entity177 . It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. @entity1 typically present with @entity158 or pruritic indurated plaques involving the limbs and trunk, with sparing of the face. Severity and rapidity of cutaneous progression correlate with poorer prognosis. To date, the management of @entity37781 /NFD remains anecdotal. The aetiological link in @entity37781 /NFD is also yet to be confirmed, but @entity8 seems a common feature. Following recent reports of a possible causative role of @entity2287 , we present two @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity37781 /NFD, who had exposure to @entity2287 -containing contrast agents 1-2 months before onset of disease. Severity of @entity8 , lack of immediate dialysis after exposure and cumulative dose of @entity2287 are possible factors influencing the development of @entity37781 /NFD. The process of transmetallation of @entity2287 chelates may occur in @entity1 with @entity8 , leading to precipitation of free @entity2287 in the dermis or other organs, causing tissue injury that ultimately leads to the clinical manifestations of @entity37781 /NFD. Although the causative role is not proven, @entity2287 -containing contrast agents should be used only if clearly necessary in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: Possible role of @entity2287 in @entity3040 systemic XXXX : report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['dermopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic', 'Nephrogenic']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated that ovariectomy induces reduced blood flow and @entity519 , resulting in free radical damage of the mucosal and smooth muscle compartments of the @entity95 urinary bladder, whereas @entity53 administration results in angiogenesis and recovery from @entity519 . The current study was designed to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and @entity53 replacement on the @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity7525 (CAT) activities of the bladder. METHODS: A total of 12 mature female @entity95 were divided into three groups of four @entity95 each: control, ovariectomy, and ovariectomy with 17-beta @entity53 supplementation by subcutaneous slow-release tablet. The bladder body and base of the @entity95 were examined after 2 weeks. The bladder body and base were separated into muscle and mucosa, and the tissues were analyzed for SOD and CAT activities. RESULTS: Quantitative SOD activities for the mucosa and muscle of both bladder body and base increased after ovariectomy when compared with those of controls. @entity53 replacement resulted in a significant decrease in the SOD activities in the body muscle. Ovariectomy caused a decrease in the CAT activities in the bladder tissues, whereas @entity53 treatment resulted in significant increases. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that ovariectomy induced generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), as evidenced by the enhanced SOD activity, indicating oxidative stress in the lower urinary tract. @entity53 replacement reversed the effects of ovariectomy; this finding suggests an anti-oxidant effect of @entity53 on the bladder.

title: Novel alterations in @entity224 dismutase and @entity7525 activities in the female XXXX bladder subjected to hormonal manipulations.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity165 is a membrane component and the precursor of @entity8827 in insects, but insects cannot synthesize @entity165 de novo. Therefore, @entity165 uptake and transportation during the feeding larval stages are critical processes in insects. The @entity5068 carrier protein-2 domain (SCP-2) in @entity5068 carrier proteins-x (SCP-x) has been speculated to be involved in intracellular @entity165 transfer and metabolism in vertebrates. However, a direct association between SCP-x gene expression, @entity165 absorption and development in lepidopteran insects is poorly understood. We identified the @entity13708 @entity5068 carrier protein-x/2 (HaSCP-x/2) gene from the larval midgut cDNAs. The HaSCP-x/2 gene is well conserved during evolution and relatively divergent in heterogenetic species. Transcripts of HaSCP-x/2 were detected by qRT-PCR at the highest level in the midgut of @entity13708 during the larval stages. Expression knockdown of HaSCP-x/2 transcripts via dsRNA interference resulted in delayed larval development and decreased adult fecundity. @entity5068 carrier protein-2 inhibitors were lethal to young larvae and decreased fertility in adults emerged from treated elder larvae in @entity13708 . The results taken together suggest that HaSCPx/2 gene is important for normal development and fertility in @entity13708 .

title: Characterization of the @entity5068 carrier protein-x/ XXXX carrier protein-2 gene in the @entity13708 , @entity13708 .

entities_list: @entity5068 :: ('CHEBI:15889', 'Chemical') :: ['Sterol', 'sterol']

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa armigera', 'H. armigera']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity8827 :: ('MESH:D026461', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysteroids']

answer: @entity5068 :: (CHEBI:15889,Chemical) :: ['sterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is insufficient knowledge about the effect of @entity302 and @entity302 treatment on pregnancy, and vice versa. The European Registry of Antiepileptic drugs and Pregnancy (EURAP) was therefore established in 1999. We here present the results from the Norwegian part of the study, with emphasis on attack control, use of antiepileptics and @entity1501 , presence of @entity159 , attacks in connection with birth and complications in the pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study is prospective and observational. The @entity1 are offered 5 consultations, 3 during pregnancy and 2 after birth. RESULTS: As of September 2005, 296 pregnancies in 263 Norwegian @entity1 were included. In 220 pregnancies (74 %), the @entity1 were treated with a single antiepileptic drug, most often @entity2049 . In 187 pregnancies (63 %), the @entity1 were @entity410 free. In those with @entity410 , 17 % had an increase in @entity410 frequency during pregnancy and 15 % had a decrease. @entity159 associated with delivery occurred in 1 % of the @entity1 and @entity410 associated with the delivery in 2.7 %. The consequences for the mother and the @entity1 were not as serious as previously reported. The frequency of complications during pregnancy and the sectio rate did not differ significantly from the average population. INTERPRETATION: Most @entity1 with @entity302 go through pregnancy and delivery without complications. Specialists should only follow up those with a suboptimal @entity410 control. The slightly increased teratogenic risk can be reduced by giving these @entity1 extra folate before the conception.

title: [Epilepsy and pregnancy--drug use, XXXX control, and complications].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: Both spinal and trigeminal somatosensory systems use the @entity32112 channel as a principal transducer for detecting cold stimuli. It is currently unclear whether this cold transducer may play a role in trigeminal @entity9 manifesting cold @entity1931 and @entity1931 . In the present study, trigeminal @entity16 was induced by chronic @entity128 of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI). Behavioral responses to cold stimuli in orofacial regions were assessed by the newly developed orofacial operant test in the ION-CCI @entity35 . We tested @entity4746 and @entity4413 , two compounds that can activate and inhibit @entity32112 respectively, on orofacial operant responses to cold stimuli in ION-CCI @entity35 . Testing animals performed operant tasks by voluntarily contacting their orofacial regions to a cold stimulation module in order to access sweetened milk as a reward, and contact time and number of the operant behaviors were automatically recorded. Total contact time was significantly reduced at the cooling temperatures of 17  C and 12  C in ION-CCI group in comparison with sham group, indicating the presence of cold @entity1931 and @entity1931 in ION-CCI @entity35 . When @entity4746 was administered to ION-CCI @entity35 , total contact time was further reduced and total contact number increased at the cooling temperatures. In contrast, after administration of @entity4413 to ION-CCI @entity35 , total contact time was significantly increased at the cooling temperatures. The behavioral outcomes support the idea that @entity32112 plays a role in cold @entity1931 and @entity1931 following chronic @entity7198 .

title: Operant behavioral responses to orofacial cold stimuli in @entity35 with chronic constrictive XXXX : effects of @entity4746 and @entity4413 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity7198 :: ('MESH:D061221', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity7198 :: (MESH:D061221,Disease) :: ['trigeminal nerve injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Large-scale prospective epidemiological data testing the association between physical activity (PA) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) are scarce, particularly in Europe. The objective was to assess the risk of CVD according to PA levels in adults. METHODS: We included a total of 13 576 @entity1 and 19 416 @entity1 aged 29 to 69 years and participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition cohort in Spain, recruited between 1992 and 1996 and followed-up until 2006 to ascertain incident CVD events. The validated European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition PA questionnaire was used to assess metabolic equivalent   hours per week dedicated to different types of PA. Hazard ratios of CVD by PA levels were estimated using multivariate Cox regression. Extensive baseline data collected on diet, lifestyle habits, medical history, and anthropometry were available to adjust for. RESULTS: A total of 210 transient @entity63 attacks and 442 @entity64 cases (80% @entity63 , 10% hemorrhagic, 7% @entity510 , and 3% mixed or unspecified) were registered after 12.3 years of mean follow-up. Recreational activity was inversely associated with risk of CVD in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . @entity1 walking for >= 3.5 hours per week were at lower risk of @entity64 than those who did not engage in regular walking. No significant associations were found for other leisure time activities or vigorous PA with CVD in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Recreational PA of moderate intensity was inversely associated with @entity64 incidence in @entity1 , whereas PA showed no effect on CVD risk in @entity1 . Increasing time dedicated to activities such as walking would be expected to help to reduce the @entity64 burden in @entity1 .

title: Physical activity and risk of @entity66 in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition-Spain study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'CVDs']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The 2 major recognized forms of @entity4726 are autoimmune and environmental @entity4726 . These differ in their topographical distribution in the stomach, histologic features, and etiology. Autoimmune @entity4726 results from immune-mediated destruction of specialized oxyntic glands, is restricted to the body and fundus, and shows @entity1373 . Environmental @entity4726 is associated with long-standing @entity1534 infection and preferentially involves antrum and transition zone mucosa. In this study, we describe a distinctive form of @entity4726 that differs markedly from both of these classic variants. This @entity3621 is characterized by: (1) intense mucosal inflammatory infiltrates, persisting even into the phase of severe @entity194 , (2) pangastric distribution with diffuse involvement of both body and antrum, (3) lack of association with @entity1534 , and (4) lack of @entity1373 . The 8 @entity1 presented ranged from 1 to 75 years and showed a slight female predominance (5F:3M). All had systemic autoimmune and/or connective tissue diseases including @entity792 (4 cases), @entity1252 , refractory sprue, @entity5506 , and disabling @entity239 . Positive serum autoimmune markers were documented in 7 of 8 (87%) @entity1 , but serologies for antiparietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were undertaken in only 1 @entity1 each and were negative. We propose that the distinctive histology of this form of @entity3202 and its association with @entity792 suggests an autoimmune process directed against multiple cell lineages in the stomach. The development of multifocal low-grade @entity1141 in 1 @entity1 , a 19-year-old @entity1 , suggests that this condition might have neoplastic potential.

title: @entity792 : A distinctive form of antral and fundic @entity3621 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic neuroendocrine hyperplasia', 'neuroendocrine hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic pangastritis']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['glandular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune enterocolitis', 'systemic autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['systemic autoimmune disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is known to be a factor in various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether physical and psychological symptoms of menopause, @entity65 , body composition, and lifestyle factors are associated with oxidative stress in middle-aged @entity1 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study used baseline data collected in a previous study that examined the effects of a dietary supplement on a variety of health parameters in 95 @entity1 aged 40 to 60  years. @entity1 had been assessed for age, menopausal status, body composition, @entity65 , physical and psychological symptoms of menopause, and lifestyle factors. Urinary @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) level, an oxidative stress marker, had also been measured. Dichotomizing @entity20821 levels as low ( <=25  ng/mg @entity1011 ) and high (>25  ng/mg @entity1011 ), we sought to identify the health parameters that are associated with high @entity20821 level. RESULTS: @entity1 with a high @entity20821 level had lower body weight, lower body mass index, lower body fat mass, higher body temperature, scored higher for both @entity148 and @entity308 on the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), and consumed more @entity285 . Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the HADS- @entity308 subscale (HADS-D) score was the sole independent contributor to high @entity20821 level (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23 per point increase in HADS-D score; 95  % confidence interval, 1.06-1.45). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptom score was shown to be independently associated with high @entity20821 level in middle-aged @entity1 , suggesting a link between @entity1316 and oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR UMIN000009353.

title: @entity308 are associated with oxidative stress in middle-aged XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8-OHdG']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether either natural or recombinant @entity3027 can improve the response to radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), and to assess the role of @entity3027 in radiation-induced @entity651 . All @entity1 had previously participated in a randomised trial of chemotherapy alone or in combination with @entity3027 in three arms (arm O: no @entity3027 , arm I: natural @entity3027 , arm II: recombinant @entity3027 ). @entity1 with locally progressive disease in the lungs following chemotherapy were treated with RT and they continued with their concomitant @entity3027 . The RT dose was 50 Gy. Radiation-induced @entity651 was assessed by lung function tests, computed tomography and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis which included cell findings, Interleukin (IL)-1 alpha/-1 beta expression by alveolar macrophages and surfactant components. Seventeen @entity1 were entered in the study, 16 of whom were evaluable. Response rates in Arms O, I and II were 50, 67 and 50%, respectively. Median survival was 18.5, 7 and 23 months respectively, and 1-year survival was 67, 29 and 75% respectively. Long-term survival as assessed by 2- and 3-year survival rates was 29% in @entity1 receiving natural @entity3027 as compared to 17% in @entity1 not receiving @entity3027 (not statistically significant findings). Every @entity1 had abnormal results when assessed for radiation-induced @entity651 . No statistically significant difference was found in toxicity between the treatment arms. A high @entity3231 /phospholipid ratio and a high level of @entity3231 in BALF before RT was associated with a high degree of radiation-induced @entity651 measured by lung function tests and computed tomography in all arms of the study. Thus, we could not show that the combination of @entity3027 and RT induced more @entity358 than RT alone as we did in our previous study. The role of high @entity3231 /phospholipid ratios and high @entity3231 levels in BALF before RT as predictors of the development of @entity651 after RT needs to be determined in the future.

title: Tumour response and radiation-induced XXXX in @entity1 with recurrent @entity151 treated with radiotherapy and concomitant interferon-alpha.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein (SP)-A', 'SP-A']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'IFN', 'interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ankle arthrodesis is an accepted treatment for @entity1 with @entity717 @entity625 , mostly in @entity571 , @entity309 , and posttraumatic @entity625 . No detailed reports have been published regarding the use of arthroscopy for the treatment of the end-stage hemophilic ankle. The purpose of this article is to report the results of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in @entity2720 of the ankle. METHODS: Ten @entity1 (10 @entity3681 ) who underwent arthroscopically assisted ankle arthrodesis for the treatment of end-stage hemophilic A @entity625 were enrolled in this study. The rate of ankle fusion, incidence of complications, and clinical rating by the Morgan system were analyzed. RESULTS: In this series, the fusion rate was 100%, and @entity1 achieved bone fusion as shown by radiographs. The average time to fusion was 10.5 weeks. @entity2737 occurred in 1 @entity1 . According to the Morgan system, there were 8 (80%) good to excellent results and 2 (20%) fair results. All @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome of the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis was an effective alternative to open technique with established advantages in @entity2720 . LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

title: Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['tibiotalar arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disabling']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the @entity16 after hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) in order to design rules for their management. METHODS: We reviewed 361 consecutive @entity1 over 6 years, including 245 autologous and 116 allogeneic HPCT recipients for @entity1583 (87%) and solid @entity5 (13%). RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 developed 65 symptomatic @entity16 (16%), with a higher incidence in allogeneic than in autologous HPCT recipients (p = 0.01) and in @entity1860 (42%) than in @entity978 (2.5%) (p < 0.001). CNS @entity281 (4.2%) were the main complications, marked by an early onset (within the first 4 months) after HPCT (87%), diagnostic difficulties, and a high mortality rate (47%). They mainly included @entity27775 , @entity364 , and @entity11410 . Their incidence was markedly higher in allogeneic than in autologous HPCT recipients (p = 0.002). However, two @entity2280 (+) selected autologous HPCT recipients developed @entity27775 . Other CNS complications included recurrent @entity5 (3.6%), metabolic @entity75 (2.8%), and cerebrovascular events (1.7%). @entity410 occurred in 5% of @entity1 , most often associated with @entity75 . Peripheral nervous system manifestations occurred in 3.3%. Twenty-one @entity1 (5.8%) died directly of @entity16 . The 4-year probability of survival was markedly lower in the case of neurologic events than in the absence thereof (12% vs 58%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity16 after hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantations are common, vary according to the underlying disease and type of transplantation, and are associated with poor survival rates. Better prophylactic protocols and therapy for CNS @entity281 are required in future studies.

title: Spectrum and prognosis of XXXX after hematopoietic transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27775 :: ('MESH:D016781', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic complications']


abstract: Both the basal TSH concentration and the TSH response to iv @entity1218 administration are noted to be decreased at the peak of an acute @entity3124 . Moreover, an impaired release from hypothalamus has been documented in @entity35 with uncontrolled @entity6 , suggesting @entity1640 in a non-thyroidal illness. However, the exact inference and mechanism of this impaired TSH secretary pattern is not well defined in @entity1 during a non-thyroidal illness. Therefore, this study assessed hypothalamic pituitary @entity1374 by determination by T4, T3, and T3 resin uptake prior to and TSH concentrations, prior to, as well as following, iv @entity1218 administration at an interval of 30 min up to 2 hours on three successive mornings during a severe, critical, @entity221 in five previously known euthyroid subjects. TSH response to iv @entity1218 administration was expressed as a maximal absolute change (delta TSH) and a cumulative response (CR TSH), calculated as the sum of changes from the basal level at each specific time period for up to 120 min. Serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations on day 1 of the @entity1218 administration were significantly lower than normal values as well as the values documented previously in the same individuals prior to hospitalization. T3 resin uptake was increased simultaneously. Moreover, serum T4, T3, and T3 resin uptake remained significantly unaltered on three successive days of iv @entity1218 administration. However, basal serum TSH rose significantly with a parallel TSH response to iv @entity1218 administration, as reflected by a progressive rise in delta TSH as well as CR TSH over this three-day period, with normalization of the TSH responses by the third day. Therefore, impaired TSH secretary pattern and altered thyroid hormone concentrations noted in subjects with acute @entity3124 may be attributed to the presence of a transient @entity30799 .

title: Thyrotropin dysregulation during a non-thyroidal illness: transient XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity30799 :: ('OMIM:275120', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fatal illness']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid axis']

answer: @entity30799 :: (OMIM:275120,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 with @entity102 media (COM) as assessed by otologist-ENT surgeons, compared with surgical findings and respective radiological assessments, and to identify areas of the middle ear that are difficult to evaluate reliably with preoperative CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with COM underwent preoperative temporal bone CT reported by a qualified radiologist. Each operating surgeon completed a standardized questionnaire regarding the status of 10 middle-ear structures after the operation. Two otologists blindly reviewed the scans. @entity23036 -statistics between the radiology/otology report and the intra-operative findings were calculated. RESULTS: In the attic, malleus-incus complex, tympanic cavity, and round window niche, the otologists' assessments of CT scans corresponded better to intra-operative findings than did the respective radiology report. In the lateral semicircular canal and sigmoid sinus, the otologists' assessments also outperformed those of the radiologists in cases of @entity2681 . Radiological assessments outperformed those of otologists in only one of 10 studied areas: confirmation of an unexposed dura in the tegmen area. The scutum and oval window represent difficult areas for which to obtain a reliable preoperative CT scan report. CONCLUSION: Otologists' assessments regarding the pre-surgical status of the temporal bone in COM appear more reliable than those of radiologists. This finding has serious implications in current clinical practice, and should be considered when designing strategies for Radiology Head _ Neck training. The inherent limitations of CT may necessitate modifications to imaging and operating strategies.

title: Variation among pre-surgical CT assessments of XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: The @entity2834 ( @entity900 , @entity1499 , and @entity5713 ) and M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 ) regimens were used to treat 19 @entity1 with advanced @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urothelial tract. In the @entity2834 group, the partial response rate was 45.5% and the mean response duration was 6.3 months. No complete response was obtained in our series. The median duration of survival was 15.8 and 8.3 months in responders and nonresponders, respectively. The toxic symptoms included one case of @entity295 and three cases of @entity8 . However, @entity390 and @entity391 were experienced by most @entity1 and required the administration of antiemetics. In the M-VAC group, the median duration of survival for responders was longer than that of nonresponders (greater than 10.2 vs 7.2 months), although the number of @entity1 was too small for this difference to reach statistical significance. The toxic symptoms included one case of @entity295 , two cases of @entity8 , and @entity390 and @entity391 in most @entity1 . Bone metastasis in three @entity1 did not respond to chemotherapy ( @entity2834 ), a finding that is compatible with the results reported by other investigators. In summary, chemotherapy with the @entity2834 or M-VAC regimen was effective in improving the response rate of @entity1 . However, the duration of response was short, @entity137 was severe in some cases, and the efficacy against @entity79 was poor. These problems must be solved to improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity1606 following chemotherapy with the @entity2834 or M-VAC regimens.

title: @entity900 -based chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced XXXX of the urinary tract--a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma']


abstract: Since isometric exercise by sustained handgrip leads to a sizable increase in aortic pressure this maneuver was used in addition to atrial pacing to increase the imbalance between @entity26 demand and supply in two groups of @entity1 . Both groups were studied by left heart catheterization and cineangiography in the right anterior oblique projection, at rest, during atrial pacing and during combined pacing and handgrip exercise. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 10 @entity1 without @entity453 having an ejection fraction of 0.61 to 0.82. Group 2 was composed of 10 @entity1 with @entity3885 of one or more of the three main coronary arteries. At rest, ejection fraction was normal or nearly normal (range 0.54 to 0.78). Regional myocardial contraction performance was assessed by determining mean segmental shortening velocities at the basal (VSB), middle (VSM) and apical (VSA) short ventricular axes. Whereas at rest there was no significant difference between the two groups or any of the three velocities, during pacing, VSM and VSA were significantly smaller in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P smaller than 0.02). During pacing combined with handgrip exercise the difference between the two groups was clearly accentuated, all three velocities being highly significantly decreased in Group 2 (VSB, P smaller than 0.01; VSM and VSA, P smaller than 0.001). When evaluated individually the @entity1 of Group 2 had in 9 segments during pacing values for VSB, VSM and VSA that were below the range of the normal subjects. During pacing combined with handgrip a newly abnormal shortening velocity was observed in 12 segments (VSB abnormal in 3 of 7, VSM in 4 of 7 and VSA in 5 of 7 instances). In conclusion, the combination of atrial pacing and handgrip exercise appears to be a useful stress maneuver to identify temporarily dysfunctioning segments in @entity1 with @entity453 in whom atrial pacing alone is not sufficient to induce @entity63 .

title: Abnormal segmental contraction velocity in XXXX produced by isometric exercise and atrial pacing.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contraction disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['definite obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Two trials were conducted to assess the effects of @entity3317 (ACTH) and dietary @entity620 (AA) on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) to phytohemagglutinin ( @entity8990 ) in @entity1573 . Broiler chicks received AA at levels of 0, 150, or 300 mg/kg of feed (ppm) continuous from hatching. At 6 to 7 wk of age, birds from each AA group received either 2 IU ACTH/100 g of body weight, 4% gelatin, or no ACTH or gelatin injections. Injections were given 12 h prior to, at the time of, and at 12 and 24 h after an intradermal wattle injection with @entity8990 . Responses to @entity8990 were determined as wattle indices. Injections of ACTH reduced body @entity1017 in both trials and decreased relative bursa weight in Trial 1. Injections of ACTH and dietary AA increased plasma @entity165 in both trials. Peak CBH wattle response occurred at 24 h post @entity8990 injection. Injections of ACTH decreased mean wattle index at 18 and 36 h post @entity8990 injection in Trial 1 and 18 and 24 h post @entity8990 injection in Trial 2. The addition of AA ameliorated the ACTH-mediated suppression of CBH in a dose-related manner.

title: Effect of adrenocorticotropin and dietary @entity620 on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 is characterized by a complex inflammatory process. Some of the new antihistamines have antiallergic effects and can affect the inflammatory cell recruitment via adhesion molecule downregulation. We aimed to assess in a 12-month study whether continuous treatment with an @entity16206 ( @entity9691 ) can reduce @entity1576 and @entity32 in @entity1 with mite @entity566 . METHODS: The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled: it involved two parallel groups of @entity1 suffering from @entity7370 and/or mild intermittent @entity565 due to mite @entity566 . They received either @entity9691 (1 mg/kg per body weight per day) or placebo for 1 year. Nasal, conjunctival, and bronchial symptoms were recorded by diary cards; at each of the programmed control visits, a nasal scraping for inflammatory cells and @entity2071 was performed. Some additional clinical parameters were also recorded: days of school absence, extra visits for acute @entity1576 , and days of hospital admission. RESULTS: Only @entity1 treated with @entity9691 achieved significant control of symptoms (P<0.05 in 8 out of 12 months) and @entity32 , as shown by inflammatory cell infiltrate and @entity2071 expression at nasal level (P<0.001), and had significantly fewer extra visits and school absences than the placebo group (P<0.03). No side-effects were reported in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that continuous @entity9691 treatment (1 mg/kg body weight per day) could decrease @entity1576 and @entity32 , and it had an additional antiallergic effect in reducing @entity2071 expression on nasal epithelial cells. Therefore, the present results confirm the efficacy of a long-term therapeutic strategy in controlling @entity32 .

title: Continuous antihistamine treatment controls XXXX and reduces @entity1576 in @entity1 with mite @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation', 'local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 is the most aggressive gynecological @entity5 and is often diagnosed in advanced stage. Constantly we are looking for new prognostic factors which would enable early diagnosis, increase the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. There is to little data about immunological predictors in @entity43 . The @entity5 's microenvironment is designated by regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), @entity5 - associated macrophages (TAMs), monocytes, plasma cells and cytokines, such as @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity4155 and @entity2533 . Some of them are responsible for the inhibition and others induce @entity5 growth. @entity43 @entity1 with high ratio of @entity405 + TILs to Treg present longer @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The presence of T helper cells in ascites is associated with longer @entity1349 . Furthermore, @entity1 with a lower rate plasmocytoid DCs infiltrating @entity5 tissue demonstrate longer progression-free survival time (PFS). @entity1 with increased M1/M2 ratio present higher five-year survival rate. The presence of immunologically competent cells and secreted cytokines give motivation to evaluate their prognostic value. Perhaps this strategy will contribute to longer progression-free survival time and @entity1349 in those @entity1 .

title: [The prognostic value of selected immunological factorsin @entity43 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The incidence of @entity548 associated with @entity6623 has been considered to be rare. We here report two cases of brain stem @entity6623 which also showed @entity932 . Case 1; a 15-year-old female had experienced @entity425 in the left upper extremity 8 months prior to admission. She developed @entity129 , and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a huge enlarging @entity1410 in the pons. Cerebral angiography showed @entity6623 penetrating through the pons. Evacuation of the @entity1410 was performed through the fourth ventricle and many small vessels were found in the @entity1410 . Although all symptoms were partially resolved after the operation, a re- @entity548 occurred 1 month after the operation. Case 2; a 50-year-old @entity1 had suddenly developed @entity10 and vertigo several days prior to admission. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI showed a small @entity1410 in the lesion with @entity6623 adjacent to the @entity1410 . All symptoms gradually resolved with conservative therapy.

title: [Brain stem @entity548 associated with XXXX : report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction of the left cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity6623 :: (MESH:D020787,Disease) :: ['venous angioma']


abstract: Cleavage of C3 by the alternative complement pathway occurs in at least two distinct phases: continuous low grade generation of C3b by the interaction of native C3, B, D, and P, and subsequent amplified cleavage of C3 by the interaction of C3b, B, D, and P which forms the amplification convertase, P,C3b,Bb. Transition to C3b-dependent amplification is necessary to achieve substantial C3 cleavage and is normally limited by the combined action of C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and betalH. An activator of the alternative pathway, such as @entity95 erythrocytes (E(r)), provides sites that protect bound C3b and P,C3b,Bb from the action of these regulatory proteins and permits C3b deposited by the low grade fluid phase reaction to assemble a membrane-associated amplification convertase which can deposit additional protected C3b. Under conditions in which the control proteins, C3bINA and beta1H, almost completely inactivated C3b bound to @entity742 erythrocytes (E(s)), which does not activate the alternative pathway, the function of C3b bound to E(r) was diminished by less than one-fifth. Further, the P- stabilized amplification convertase on E(r) was 10-fold less sensitive to beta1H-mediated @entity4785 than the convertase on E(s). The addition of E(r) to a regulated mixture of purified C3, B, D, P, C3bINA, and beta1H resulted in amplified inactivation of @entity38811 by formation of the amplification convertase on E(r) as indicated by its lysis with subsequent exposure to C3-C9. In contrast, E(s) did not advance the low grade fluid phase inactivation of @entity38811 to amplified inactivation and the cell was not converted to an intermediate susceptible to lysis by C3- C9. Since E(r) and E(s) did not differ in their inefficient fixation of C3b generated during an unregulated fluid phase reaction, the activating capacity of E(r) must reside in its protection of bound C3b and P, C3b,Bb from the regulatory proteins rather than in enhanced capacity to bind C3b from the fluid phase. When the reaction is limited to low grade fluid phase turnover, introduction of E(r) but not E(s) results in a 100-fold increase in the deposition of C3b, indicating that surface-dependent activation of the alternative pathway is characterized by efficient deposition of C3b on the initiating surface. Thus, the activating surfaces advance the interaction of the alternative pathway proteins to the amplification phase because of the selective inability of the regulatory proteins to deal with their substrates when deposited on these surfaces and results in a specificity that is not necessarily dependent on adaptive immunity.

title: Activation of the alternative complement pathway with XXXX erythrocytes by circumvention of the regulatory action of endogenous control proteins.

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['decay-dissociation']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIMS: To determine long-term effects of @entity713 and pacing (AVJAP) on cardiac function and quality of life. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective follow-up was performed on consenting @entity1 recruited in two participating centres representing majority of the Australian intervention randomized control of rate in @entity955 trial (AIRCRAFT) cohort after 4-7 years. All @entity1 underwent history, physical examination, 24 h ambulatory ECG monitoring, and transthoracic echocardiogram. Quality of life questionnaires in original AIRCRAFT trial were re-administered including CAST, assessment quality of life, and sickness impact profile. Of the 63 eligible @entity1 , 14 refused participation, and 1 @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The remaining 48 @entity1 (25 males, current mean age 74 +/- 7.5 years), 23 randomized to AVJAP and 25 to pharmacologic therapy (MED) were re-evaluated. In the MED group, LVEF was 62 +/- 11% at baseline, 63 +/- 10% at 6 months, 64 +/- 9% at 12 months, and 59 +/- 12% at 5 years (P < 0.01). In the AVJAP group LVEF was 54 +/- 19% at baseline, 55 +/- 13% at 6 months, 53 +/- 15% at 12 months, and 51 +/- 17% at 5 years (P = 0.02). NYHA functional class was not statistically different between MED and AVJAP @entity1 (1.4 vs. 1.5, P = 0.48). @entity204 occurred in 10 MED and 5 AVJAP @entity1 . Survival analysis incorporating all 63 @entity1 showed no statistical difference between the 2 treatment groups (P = 0.26). The CAST quality of life questionnaire revealed that @entity1 in the AVJAP group had fewer symptoms of irregular heart beat (P < 0.001), @entity662 (P = 0.02), and difficulty breathing (P = 0.02). Psychosocial scores and overall life satisfaction were similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this long-term follow-up of the AIRCRAFT cohort, similar decline in LVEF and NYHA class was observed in both treatment groups. AVJAP @entity1 have better quality of life with fewer symptoms. Based on improved quality of life, ablate and pace strategy for permanent @entity955 should be considered for highly symptomatic @entity1 refractory to pharmacologic therapy.

title: Ablate and pace strategy for XXXX : long-term outcome of AIRCRAFT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular junction ablation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Due in part to their rich behavioral repertoire @entity35 have been widely used in behavioral studies of drug abuse-related traits for decades. However, the @entity19 became the model of choice for researchers exploring the genetic underpinnings of addiction after the first @entity19 study was published demonstrating the capability of engineering the @entity19 genome through embryonic stem cell technology. The sequencing of the @entity19 genome and more recent re-sequencing of numerous inbred @entity19 strains have further cemented the status of @entity19 as the premier @entity1 organism for genetic studies. As a result, many of the behavioral paradigms initially developed and optimized for @entity35 have been adapted to @entity19 . However, numerous complex and interesting drug abuse-related behaviors that can be studied in @entity35 are very difficult or impossible to adapt for use in @entity19 , impeding the genetic dissection of those traits. Now, technological advances have removed many of the historical limitations of genetic studies in @entity35 . For instance, the @entity35 genome has been sequenced and many inbred @entity35 strains are now being re-sequenced and outbred @entity35 stocks are being used to fine-map QTLs. In addition, it is now possible to create "knockout" @entity35 using @entity219 finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and related techniques. Thus, @entity35 can now be used to perform quantitative genetic studies of sophisticated behaviors that have been difficult or impossible to study in @entity19 . This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.

title: @entity35 are the smart choice: Rationale for a renewed focus on XXXX in behavioral genetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cerebral inflammatory responses may initiate secondary cascades following @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Changes in the expression of both cytokines and chemokines may activate, regulate, and recruit innate and adaptive immune cells associated with secondary degeneration, as well as alter a host of other cellular processes. In this study, we quantified the temporal expression of a large set of inflammatory mediators in @entity35 cortical tissue after @entity1545 . Following a controlled cortical impact (CCI) on young adult male @entity35 , cortical and hippocampal tissue of the injured hemisphere and matching contralateral material was harvested at early (4, 12, and 24 hours) and extended (3 and 7 days) time points post-procedure. Na  ve @entity35 that received only anesthesia were used as controls. Processed brain homogenates were assayed for chemokine and cytokine levels utilizing an electrochemiluminescence-based multiplex ELISA platform. The temporal profile of cortical tissue samples revealed a multi-phasic injury response following @entity1545 . @entity4646 , IFN-y, @entity1505 levels significantly peaked at four hours @entity130 compared to levels found in na  ve or contralateral tissue. @entity4646 , IFN-y, and @entity1505 levels were then observed to decrease at least 3-fold by 12 hours @entity130 . @entity3426 , @entity12718 , and @entity10957 levels were also significantly elevated at four hours @entity130 although their expression did not decrease more than 3-fold for up to 24 hours @entity130 . Additionally, @entity3426 and @entity12718 levels displayed a biphasic temporal profile in response to injury, which may suggest their involvement in adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, peak levels of @entity657 and @entity21463 were not observed until after four hours @entity130 . @entity657 levels in injured cortical tissue were significantly higher than peak levels of any other inflammatory mediator measured, thus suggesting a possible use as a biomarker. Fully elucidating chemokine and cytokine signaling properties after @entity1545 may provide increased insight into a number of secondary cascade events that are initiated or regulated by inflammatory responses.

title: The cytokine temporal profile in XXXX cortex after controlled cortical impact.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity49 ( @entity49 ) varies between studies, but it is estimated to be between 2 and 5 per million per year. A recent study in the Netherlands with comprehensive ascertainment suggested a much higher incidence. It is uncertain whether these differing estimates reflect the quality of ascertainment or true variation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity49 in Adelaide, using a novel clinical and radiological methodology. METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity49 International Classification of Diseases-coded cases from all Adelaide public hospitals from 2005 to 2011. We also searched all neuroimaging studies (259   101) from these hospitals for text variations containing venous thromb. All potential cases were reviewed, and cases of incident @entity49 ascertained. Associations and outcomes were determined. RESULTS: Of 169 possible cases, 105 cases of @entity49 were confirmed (59 cases by both coding and neuroimaging, 40 from neuroimaging alone, and 6 from coding alone). In our population of 953   390 adults, this represented an incidence of 15.7 million per year (95% confidence interval, 12.9-19.0), the highest incidence reported. Of these cases, a possible procoagulant predisposition was identified in 48%. Fifty-five of 105 cases occurred in females. Relative risk of @entity49 in females of reproductive age was insignificantly higher than in males (1.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.48]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity50 in our study was more common than previously reported, perhaps because of more complete ascertainment. Future @entity49 incidence studies should include comprehensive capture and review of neuroimaging.

title: XXXX Incidence Is Higher Than Previously Thought: A Retrospective Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['CVT', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis']


abstract: The clinical course of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) is highly variable and therefore it is difficult to predict the duration of the chronic phase. We studied the immunological expression of maturation patterns in 62 cases of @entity1860 (30 cases in clinical/cytological blast crisis (BC), 32 cases in clinical/cytological chronic phase (CP) by means of a double marker enzyme immuno assay (DM-EIA). Immunological findings were supplemented by Southern blots using Ig-JH-, @entity42447 - and bcr-probes. @entity1 in BC (n = 30) expressed high proportions of @entity2282 , @entity2225 , @entity1116 , @entity2280 and low degrees of a mature myeloid marker ( @entity5824 ). Myeloid BC bone marrow (BM) cells showed a high degree of coexpression of unusual, lineage restricted markers: 25% of @entity5824 -positive cells also expressed markers like @entity2282 , @entity2225 or @entity2280 . In contrast, BM cells in lymphoid BC did not show this coexpression. In CP two groups were distinguished immunologically: concordant cases which were immunologically normal (n = 14) and discordant cases (n = 18) which showed increased proportions of unusual, lineage restricted markers and double labelled cells (e.g. @entity5824 / @entity2280 ). The latter group developed clinical BC earlier during further follow up (p = 0.009). Cases of lymphoid BC (n = 11)--in contrast to @entity981 ( @entity981 ) @entity1 (n = 21)--did not show coexpression of @entity5824 / @entity2282 , @entity2225 , @entity2280 . These data show that blast clones can be detected in @entity2212 by characteristic immunological maturation defects several months before the clinical onset of BC. Moreover, the lymphoid "blasts" of @entity1860 represent a relatively differentiated lymphoid population of cells which can be distinguished from @entity981 by their lack of coexpression of unusual, lineage restricted markers.

title: Immunological classification of @entity1860 distinguishes chronic phase, imminent blastic transformation, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML-BC']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Current technologies for delivering gene testing are labour-intensive and expensive. Over the last 3 years, new high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques (next generation sequencing; NGS), with the capability to analyse multiple genes or entire genomes, have been rapidly adopted into research. This study examines the possibility of incorporating NGS into a clinical UK service context. METHODS: The study applied NGS of 105 genes to 50 @entity1 known to be affected by @entity74 in the setting of a UK National Health Service-accredited diagnostic molecular genetics laboratory. The study assessed the ability of an NGS protocol to identify likely disease-causing genetic variants when compared with current methodologies available through UK diagnostic laboratories. RESULTS: Conventional testing is only applicable to the minority of @entity1 with @entity74 and identifies mutations in fewer than one in four of those @entity1 tested. By contrast, the NGS assay is directed at all @entity1 with such disorders and identifies disease-causing mutations in 50--55%, which is a dramatic increase. This includes @entity1 with apparently 'sporadic' disease, and those for whom clinical management and prognosis are altered as a consequence of defining their disease at a molecular level. CONCLUSIONS: The new NGS approach delivers a step change in the diagnosis of @entity2788 , provides precise diagnostic information and extends the possibility of targeted treatments including gene therapy. The approach represents an exemplar that illustrates the opportunity that NGS provides for broadening the availability of genetic testing. The technology will be applied to many conditions that are associated with high levels of genetic heterogeneity.

title: A paradigm shift in the delivery of services for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['inherited eye disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited retinal disease', 'inherited forms of blindness']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited retinal disease']


abstract: Brain circuits involved in language processing have been suggested to be compromised in @entity1 with @entity161 . This does not only include regions subserving language production and perception, but also auditory processing and attention. We investigated resting state network connectivity of auditory, language and attention networks of @entity1 with @entity161 and hypothesized that @entity1 would show reduced connectivity. @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent a resting state fMRI scan. Independent components analysis was used to identify networks of the auditory cortex, @entity75 regions and the anterior cingulate region, associated with attention. The time courses of the components where correlated with each other, the correlations were transformed by a Fisher's Z transformation, and compared between groups. In @entity1 with @entity161 , we observed decreased connectivity between the auditory and language networks. Conversely, @entity1 showed increased connectivity between the attention and language network compared to controls. There was no relationship with severity of symptoms such as @entity2167 . The decreased connectivity between auditory and language processing areas observed in @entity161 @entity1 is consistent with earlier research and may underlie language processing difficulties. Altered anterior cingulate connectivity in @entity1 may be a correlate of habitual suppression of unintended speech, or of excessive attention to internally generated speech. This altered connectivity pattern appears to be present independent of symptom severity, and may be suggestive of a trait, rather than a state characteristic.

title: Abnormal connectivity between attentional, @entity2167 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal language']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Previous studies in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 have demonstrated that objective measures (lung volumes and respiratory muscle force) and clinical or subjective measures (symptoms of breathlessness and exercise tolerance) are quantities that independently characterize the conditions of these @entity1 . Such an evaluation has not been previously applied in @entity1 with stable @entity565 . Sixty-nine @entity1 with stable chronic @entity565 underwent evaluation of static (functional residual capacity, FRC) and dynamic [forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity, FVC] lung volumes; respiratory muscle strength (RMS), by measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and exercise capacity by means of the 6-min walking distance (6MWD). Chronic exertional dyspnoea was assessed by the Baseline Dyspnoea Index (BDI) focal score and by the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Statistical evaluation was performed by applying factor analysis. Three factors accounted for 78% of the total variance in the data: FEV1, FVC loaded on a factor I; RMS, FRC and 6MWD loaded on a factor II; dyspnoea ratings loaded on a factor III. Post-hoc analysis by randomly dividing the @entity1 into two subgroups gave the same results. In @entity748 @entity1 , @entity1224 appeared as an independent dimension or factor. Dyspnoea independently characterized the condition of @entity565 . Submaximal exercise tolerance could not be associated with the symptom of breathlessness. Evidence of independent factors support the validity of routine, multi-factorial assessment and the primary goal of treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve functional capacity in stable asthmatics.

title: Relevance of dyspnoea and respiratory function measurements in monitoring of XXXX : a factor analysis.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: We administered recombinant @entity1 @entity1356 (400 ng/d, s.c.) for 10 d to normal C57B1 @entity19 and determined daily granuloid and erythroid parameters in marrow, spleen and blood. In the marrow @entity7419 were not affected but later granuloid cell stages were moderately enhanced (170%). In the spleen, however, @entity7419 were sharply increased (1600%), whereas the granuloid precursors only doubled. Blood granulocytes increased transiently to 275% on day 5. In the marrow all erythroid parameters were severely reduced. This reduction was partially compensated by the spleen where initially only BFU-E and with some delay also more mature erythroid cells accumulated. At the end of the treatment @entity19 were slightly anaemic. When @entity19 were treated with @entity5003 and @entity14190 (10 U/d) simultaneously, the inhibitory effects on erythropoiesis were less severe. In agreement with in vivo results, @entity5003 inhibited in vitro colony growth of CFU-E from normal bone marrow and spleen but spleen CFU-E from 5 d @entity5003 treated @entity19 were insensitive. We conclude that @entity5003 can induce stimulation or inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cells depending on their microenvironment.

title: Microenvironmentally dependent effects on XXXX haemopoiesis by a prolonged interleukin-1 treatment.

entities_list: @entity7419 :: ('MESH:C562602', 'Disease') :: ['CFU-GM numbers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of local anesthetic wound infiltration for treatment of @entity282 appears to be variable and partly dependent on the surgical procedure. Although evidence was lacking, it was common practice at our institution to infiltrate the trocar wound of @entity1 undergoing day-case laparoscopic procedures with long acting local anesthetic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy, and the influence of the timing, of local anesthetic infiltration into surgical wounds for day-case diagnostic gynecological laparoscopy. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted on 100 @entity1 having general anesthesia for day-case gynecological laparoscopy. Ninety-two @entity1 who had been randomized to 1 of 4 groups for trocar wound infiltration with 30 mL of 0.25% @entity1341 or saline either before or after surgery completed the study. Incisional @entity158 , @entity158 on pressing the umbilicus, severity of @entity390 , and @entity1 satisfaction with anesthetic technique were all assessed postoperatively until discharge and on the following day through a telephone interview. A P value of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups in the mean @entity158 scores or analgesic requirements for incisional @entity158 , @entity158 on pressing firmly on the umbilicus, or for @entity1 satisfaction. There was a trend for those @entity1 who had received @entity1341 to use less postoperative @entity1286 (P =.079). CONCLUSIONS: Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic did not significantly reduce @entity158 or opioid requirement after gynecological laparoscopy.

title: Assessment of wound infiltration with @entity1341 in XXXX undergoing day-case gynecological laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 with evident @entity3388 treated with conventional (Conv.) insulin were either allocated to continuation of treatment with previously used insulin (Conv. group, n = 10) or were transferred to Lente MC (monocomponent) insulin with or without supplementary Actrapid MC insulin (MC group, n = 11). On entry and after 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up, serum insulin-, pancreatic polypeptide- and @entity2690 -binding IgGs were determined by radioimmunoelectrophoresis according to the method of Christiansen. Prior to determination of @entity2690 -binding IgG, the insulin-binding IgG was removed by means of sepharose-bound insulin according to the method of Heding. In both groups a slight decrease in the titer of insulin-binding IgG was observed: in the Conv. group from 5.33 +/- 0.92 (SEM) to 4.66 +/- 1.17 mU/ml after 12 months, and in the MC group from 3.22 +/- 0.64 to 2.66 +/- 0.46 mU/ml, respectively. Due to the small number of @entity1 with pancreatic polypeptide antibody titers above the detection limit no statistical evaluation was carried out. The level of serum @entity2690 -binding IgG decreased in the MC group only (from 9.3 +/- 2.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 ng/ml after 12 months), and even showed a slight increase in the Conv. group (the respective titers were: 14.0 +/- 4.6 and 14.9 +/- 4.6 ng/ml). In the MC group 10 @entity1 (91%) showed improvement and 7 (64%) complete regression of their @entity3388 corresponding to 6 (60%) and 2 (20%) in the Conv. group. This finding suggests a possible role of @entity2690 -binding antibodies in the pathogenesis of @entity1720 .

title: Controlled study comparing treatment with monocomponent insulin and conventional insulin in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophy']

answer: @entity3388 :: (MESH:C535905,Disease) :: ['lipoatrophy']


abstract: Normal @entity1 laryngeal epithelia and @entity957 were assayed by Feulgen DNA cytofluorometry using free cell nuclei isolated from carnoy-fixed, @entity982 -embedded specimens. In all of the 12 normal specimens, the epithelium showed typical diploid cell clones with low proliferative activity. Polyploid cells were seen in only two specimens from subjects aged 61 and 69 years respectively, and the number of @entity5700 cells seen in these two specimens was only two. Fifteen @entity5 cases were divided into three groups: an untreated group (5 cases), a chemotherapy group (5 cases) and a group of cases with recurrence after radiation therapy (5 cases). Among these three groups the DNA ploidy patterns were compared. In the untreated group, all cases showed a two-peak diploid pattern and a high proliferative activity, and @entity5700 cells were present. In the chemotherapy group, a wide one-peak histogram extending from 2C to about 5C was noted in 4 cases, and an aneuploid pattern in one case. Thus, the DNA ploidy pattern in the chemotherapy group differed from that in the untreated group. Of the 5 cases with recurrence after radiation therapy, one had a tetraploid pattern, but the remaining 4, a two-peak diploid pattern similar to that seen in the untreated group. Polyploid cells were observed in all these @entity5 cases. However, because they were also seen in some normal subjects, the finding of @entity5700 cells is not considered to be conclusive of @entity5 diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Nuclear DNA cytofluorometry of normal @entity1 laryngeal epithelia and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1821 represents the most common soft tissue @entity5 in adults. The @entity5 are characterized by a high morphological diversity and a great variation in biological behavior. Atypical @entity5 represent a distinctive subset of @entity361 featuring mature adipocytic differentiation. Histologically, atypical @entity5 might be easily confused with @entity362 . Conversely, @entity1821 may be confused with other spindle cell/pleomorphic undifferentiated @entity5 . METHODS: A group of @entity1821 was analyzed by investigating the @entity7465 , @entity8985 , and @entity9625 proteins. The study was extended to a group of @entity362 and @entity242 , to determine whether the immunohistochemical investigation of these proteins might play any diagnostic role. RESULTS: Our data suggest that @entity362 may form a molecular genetic and morphological continuum with atypical @entity5 . At one end of the spectrum are @entity362 characterized by @entity9625 activation and at the other end are atypical @entity5 with overrepresentation of the @entity9625 , @entity8985 , or @entity7465 proteins. These findings not only provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of @entity5 , but also indicate that the immunohistochemical analysis of @entity9625 , @entity8985 , or @entity7465 may help to increase diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9625 is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of atypical @entity5 and @entity1821 and differentiates them from their mimics. Therefore, in our experience, @entity9625 expression alone is of rather limited value in the differential diagnosis of @entity1821 subtypes.

title: Can @entity9625 be used as an aid with @entity7465 and @entity8985 to differentiate XXXX subtypes from their mimics?

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['non-lipomatous sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'lipomatous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas', 'ordinary lipomas']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Liposarcoma', 'liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: In this retrospective study, 71 @entity1 with @entity263 were treated with @entity13950 (EMP), at three different dosages (280, 560, 840 mg orally). All @entity1 were completely followed up until @entity5 -induced @entity204 . In 12 cases of further progression polychemotherapy was administered. As this was not a randomized study, an analysis of statistical significance was not performed. The higher dosages of EMP caused an extended progression-free interval accompanied by an equally considerable alleviation of @entity189 -induced @entity158 . The overall survival time was not influenced by subsequent polychemotherapy. An elevation of liver function parameters was observed in 5 @entity1 . One of these @entity1 died of toxic @entity409 , possibly therapy-related, on the basis of a preexisting @entity82 . Cardiovascular side effects were not observed. With regard to survival time, the positioning of polychemotherapy as a third-line treatment for @entity263 should be examined critically. Before administration of high-dose EMP, it is mandatory to control liver functions carefully.

title: @entity13950 in secondary hormone-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'secondary hormone-refractory prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13950 :: ('CHEBI:68643', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine phosphate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']