abstract: Apoptosis of blood monocytes was studied in experimental @entity295 by multi-drug-resistant @entity796 . Thirty-six @entity95 were used, divided into the following groups: A (n = 6), sham; B (n = 6), administered anaesthetics; and C (n = 24), acute @entity2885 induced after inoculation of the test isolate in the renal pelvis. Blood was sampled at standard time intervals for estimation of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-alpha and isolation of monocytes. Half the monocytes were incubated and the other half was lysed for estimation of the cytoplasmic activity of caspase-3 by a kinetic chromogenic assay. No animal in groups A and B died; those in group C were divided into two subgroups, CI (n = 8) with present activity of caspase-3 of blood monocytes at 3.5 h and CII (n = 16) with absent activity. Their median survival was 2.0 and 3.5 days, respectively (P = 0.0089). Ex vivo secretion of TNF-alpha from monocytes was higher by monocytes of subgroup CII than subgroup CI at 3.5 h (P = 0.039) and of group A than CII at 48 h (P = 0.010). Median change of caspase-3 activity between 3.5 and 24 h of sampling was 56.1 and -5.8 pmol/min per 10(4) cells for subgroups CI and CII (P = 0.040), respectively. Respective changes between 3.5 and 48 h were 28 981.0 and 0 pmol/min per 10(4) cells (P = 0.036). Early induction of apoptosis in blood monocytes is of prime importance for the survival of the septic host and might be connected to changes of monocyte potential for the secretion of TNF-alpha.

title: Early apoptosis of blood monocytes is a determinant of survival in experimental @entity295 by multi-drug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Three 45,X males have been studied with Y-DNA probes by Southern blotting and in situ hybridization. Southern blotting studies with a panel of mapped Y-DNA probes showed that in all three individuals contiguous portions of the Y chromosome including all of the short arm, the centromere, and part of the euchromatic portion of the long arm were present. The breakpoint was different in each case. The individual with the largest portion (intervals 1-6) is a fertile male belonging to a family in which the translocation is inherited in four generations. The second adult @entity1 , who has intervals 1-5, is an azoospermic, sterile male. These phenotypic findings suggest the existence of a gene involved in spermatogenesis in interval 6 in distal Yq11. The third case, a @entity1 with @entity12094 , has intervals 1-4B. In situ hybridization with the pseudoautosomal probe pDP230 and the Y chromosome specific probe pDP105 showed that Y-derived DNA was translocated onto the short arm of a chromosome 15, 14, and 14, respectively. One of the @entity1 was a mosaic for the 14p+ translocation chromosome. Our data and those reported by others suggest the following conclusions based on molecular studies in eight 45,X males: The predominant aetiological factor is Y;autosome translocation observed in seven of the eight cases. As the remaining case was a low-grade mosaic involving a normal Y chromosome, the @entity3930 in all cases was due to the effect of the testis determining factor, @entity12046 . There is preferential involvement of the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome (five out of seven translocations) but other autosomal regions can also be involved. The reason why one of the derivative translocation chromosomes becomes lost may be that it has no centromere.

title: Y;autosome translocations and mosaicism in the aetiology of 45,X XXXX : assignment of fertility factor to distal Yq11.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity12094 :: ('MESH:C566526', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal hypospadias']

answer: @entity3930 :: (MESH:D005834,Disease) :: ['maleness']


abstract: The treatment of @entity75 is one of the greatest challenges in drug delivery because of a variety of main barriers in effective drug transport and maintaining therapeutic concentrations in the brain for a prolonged period. The objective of this study was delivery of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) to the brain by intranasal route. For this purpose, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by solvent diffusion method followed by ultrasonication and characterized for size, zeta potential, drug-loading percentage, and release. Six groups of @entity35 each containing six animals received drug-loaded NLCs intraperitoneally (IP) or intranasally. Brain responses were then examined by using maximal electroshock (MES). The hind limb tonic extension:flexion inhibition ratio was measured at 15-, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120-minute intervals. The drug concentration was also measured in plasma and brain at the most protective point using gas chromatography method. The particle size of NLCs was 154    16 nm with drug-loading percentage of 47%    0.8% and drug release of 75%    1.9% after 21 days. In vivo results showed that there was a significant difference between protective effects of NLCs of @entity2052 and control group 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after treatment via intranasal route (P < 0.05). Similar protective effect was observed in @entity35 treated with NLCs of @entity2052 in intranasal route and positive control in IP route (P > 0.05). Results of drug determination in brain and plasma showed that brain:plasma concentration ratio was much higher after intranasal administration of NLCs of @entity2052 than the positive control group (IP route). In conclusion, intranasal administration of NLCs of @entity2052 provided a better protection against MES @entity410 .

title: Brain delivery of XXXX via intranasal administration of nanostructured lipid carriers: in vivo pharmacodynamic studies using @entity35 electroshock model.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to translate and validate the questionnaire for the Obesity-Related Problems Scale (OP) in the Spanish language. METHODS: The translation-retranslation procedure and a pilot study were first conducted. Then, @entity1 with @entity5845 who were on a waiting list to undergo bariatric surgery were selected. The construct validity of the OP scale was studied by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Item convergent and divergent validity were examined. The internal consistency of the OP scale, floor and ceiling effects, concurrent validity, and known-group validation were also examined. The Short Form 36 and EuroQol-5D questionnaires were used to evaluate the concurrent validity. RESULTS: A total of 123 individuals took part in the field study. Factor analyses and the item convergent and divergent validity confirmed the homogeneity of the construct. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was high (0.93), and floor and ceiling effects were small. Regarding the OP scale concurrent validity, the majority exceeded the correlation coefficient of 0.40, and all correlation coefficients were lower than the internal consistency of the OP scale. In relation to the known-group validation, significant differences were found in the OP mean scale according to body mass index (BMI) and age. Those @entity1 with a higher BMI and younger @entity1 reported more @entity28 -related problems. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that this version of the OP scale has been translated and adapted correctly for the Spanish language and that it fulfils the psychometric properties required for these instruments.

title: Validation of the Spanish translation of the questionnaire for the XXXX -related problems scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: 1. The @entity2162 agonists, @entity3045 , @entity10453 and RP 58802 relaxed basal tone of @entity1 isolated bronchial smooth muscle. @entity10453 - and RP 58802-induced relaxations persisted for more than 4 h when the medium was constantly renewed after treatment. 2. @entity3045 , @entity10453 and RP 58802 reversed @entity112 -induced contractions in @entity1 airways (pD2 values: 6.15 +/- 0.21, 6.00 +/- 0.19 and 6.56 +/- 0.12, respectively). 3. Anti-IgE-induced contractions were significantly inhibited immediately after pretreatment of preparations with @entity2162 agonists (10 microM). However, when tissues were treated with @entity2263 -agonists and then washed for a period of 4 h, @entity10453 was the only agonist which significantly inhibited the anti-IgE response. 4. @entity112 response curves were shifted to the right immediately after pretreatment of tissues with the @entity2162 agonists (10 microM; 20 min), but maximal contractions were not affected. After a 4 h washing period, the @entity112 curves were not significantly different from controls. Concentration-effect curves to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) or @entity4352 C4 (LTC4) were not significantly modified after @entity2263 -agonist pretreatment. 5. These results suggest that @entity2162 agonists may prevent anti-IgE-induced contraction by inhibition of mediator release rather than alterations of those mechanisms involved in airway smooth muscle contraction.

title: Effects of @entity2162 agonists on anti-IgE-induced contraction and smooth muscle reactivity in XXXX airways.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol', 'Salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: There is some evidence that more radical treatment of the axilla may improve survival in node-positive disease, but there are concerns about the resultant morbidity from axillary surgery and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of axillary node clearance with axillary sampling in similar @entity1 by comparing loco-regional recurrence and overall survival. @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing axillary surgery between 1986 and 1997 were included. The axillary procedure performed in these @entity1 was either an axillary sample or a level III axillary clearance. To compare like with, the @entity1 were separated into good, moderate and poor prognostic groups by the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and overall survival was compared by a Kaplan-Meier life table analysis and the log rank test. 734 consecutive @entity1 with operable @entity0 were treated by axillary clearance n=350 or sampling n=384. The mean follow-up in the clearance group was 65 months versus 66 months in the sampled group. Local recurrence in the clearance group was 11% versus 6% in the sampled group, regional recurrence 2% versus 3% and distant metastasis 28% versus 13%. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the three prognostic groups for the clearance versus sampled groups showed no differences in the absolute survival (log rank: P=0.3, P=0.8 and P=0.6 for the good, moderate and poor prognostic groups, respectively). A conservative surgical approach to the axilla did not significantly increase the incidence of local or regional recurrence and the expected survival benefit from a radical axillary clearance was not apparent.

title: Does radical surgery to the axilla give a survival advantage in more severe XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested that insulin resistance plays a @entity73 in individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 . We aimed to determine whether an improvement in insulin resistance could explain cognitive performance variations over 36 weeks in older individuals with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 97 older individuals (mean +/- SD age 76 +/- 6 years) who had recently (<2 months) started an antidiabetes treatment of @entity2449 (500 mg twice a day) (n = 30) or @entity2449 (500 mg/day)+ @entity6170 (4 mg/day) (n = 32) or diet (n = 35) volunteered. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Verbal Auditory Learning Test (RAVLT) total recall, and Trail Making Tests (TMT-A and TMT-B) performed at baseline and every 12 weeks for 36 weeks along with clinical testing. RESULTS: At baseline, no significant differences were found between groups in clinical or neuropsychological parameters. Mean +/- SD values in the entire population were as follows: @entity3916 7.5 +/- 0.5%, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) 8.6 +/- 1.3 mmol/l, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) 148 +/- 74 pmol/l, MMSE 24.9 +/- 2.4, TMT-A 61.6 +/- 42.0, TMT-B 162.8 +/- 78.7, the difference between TMT-B and TMT-A [DIFFBA] 101.2 +/- 58.1, and RAVLT 24.3 +/- 2.1. At follow-up, ANOVA models tested changes in metabolic control parameters (FPI, FPG, and @entity3916 ). Such parameters improved in the @entity2449 and @entity2449 / @entity6170 groups (P(trend) < 0.05 in both groups). ANCOVA repeated models showed that results for the @entity2449 / @entity6170 group remained stable for all neuropsychological tests, and results for the diet group remained stable for the MMSE and TMT-A and declined for the TMT-B (P(trend) = 0.024), executive efficiency (DIFFBA) (P(trend) = 0.026), and RAVLT memory test (P(trend) = 0.011). Results for the @entity2449 group remained stable for the MMSE and TMTs but declined for the RAVLT (P(trend) = 0.011). With use of linear mixed-effects models, the interaction term, FPI x time, correlated with cognitive stability on the RAVLT in the @entity2449 / @entity6170 group (beta = -1.899; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6170 may protect against @entity73 in older individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity73 .

title: @entity6170 and cognitive stability in older individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'role in cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone', 'rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 commonly have impaired diastolic filling. However, it remains unknown whether changes in LV diastolic filling variables are associated with @entity65 and mortality. In this study, 778 @entity1 with @entity101 with electrocardiographic @entity4346 who underwent echocardiography at baseline and annually thereafter during randomized @entity9886 - or @entity2165 -based antihypertensive treatment were followed for a mean of 4.6 years. The composite cardiovascular end point was the first occurrence of fatal or nonfatal @entity583 , fatal or nonfatal @entity64 , and @entity65 . Antihypertensive therapy resulted in an increase in the prevalence of normal transmitral flow pattern from 28% to 46% of patients. Although antihypertensive treatment often resulted in a marked increase in the prevalence of normal mitral valve flow pattern, this was not associated with reduced @entity65 and mortality when adjusting for blood pressure, left atrial diameter, LV mass index, and treatment in time-varying Cox analyses. In contrast, lower in-treatment E/A ratios and shorter mitral valve deceleration times were associated with less risk for @entity712 . Similarly, normal in-treatment transmitral flow pattern was strongly associated with less risk for @entity712 (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.98, p = 0.048), even when taking in-treatment left atrial diameter and blood pressure into account. In conclusion, antihypertensive treatment in @entity1 with @entity101 with electrocardiographic @entity4346 resulted in significant improvement in transmitral flow patterns; this was not associated with reduced @entity65 and mortality. However, normal in-treatment LV filling was strongly associated with a reduced risk for hospitalization for @entity712 .

title: Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in @entity1 with @entity4346 and systemic XXXX (the LIFE Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: One of the most common complications of @entity976 treatment is recurrence. The outcomes of treatment for recurrent @entity5 with different modalities were evaluated. Of the 61 @entity1 treated initially, 24 had recurrence during follow-up period (1-29 years, mean 11 years). Twenty-two @entity1 underwent a total of 35 additional operations for recurrence. With reoperation, total surgical removal was achieved for four occasions (Group a), subtotal resection was achieved with 31 surgical procedures. Nineteen procedures (Group b) were done without radiotherapy and seven were followed by radiotherapy (Group c). Seven @entity1 were treated with radiosurgery (Group d) with or without surgical resection. The surgical mortality rate for Group a was 50% which was higher than for initial operation, while for Group b 10.5% and none for Groups c and d. Good functional status was maintained at follow-up in 50% of survived @entity1 for Group a, 14% for Group b, 57% for Group c and 86% for Group d. The 5-year recurrence free survival rate was 50% for Group a, 16% for Group b, 80% for Group c, and 83.3% for Group d. The rate of recurrence free survival for Group b was significantly lower than Group c (P = 0.004) and Group d (P = 0.001). The recurrence free survival rates were higher for Groups c and d than for Group b. The mortality and morbidity higher in the Group a. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery are useful adjuncts for the treatment of recurrence, resulting in a high recurrent-free survival rate with better functional outcome.

title: Treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum   -lactamase-producing @entity526 (ESBL-EC) is an important cause of invasive @entity281 . Alternatives to carbapenems--considered the drugs of choice--are needed because of the emergence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria. The efficacy of   - @entity17272 /  -lactam inhibitors (BLBLI) in such @entity281 is controversial. METHODS: The authors performed a post hoc analysis of @entity1 with @entity281 due to ESBL-EC from 6 published prospective cohorts. Mortality and length of hospital stay in @entity1 treated with an active BLBLI ( @entity115 - @entity798 [AMC] and @entity3400 - @entity7120 [PTZ]) or @entity2893 were compared in 2 cohorts: the empirical therapy cohort (ETC) and the definitive therapy cohort (DTC). Confounding was controlled by multivariate analysis; for @entity1 in the ETC, a propensity score for receiving @entity2893 was also used. RESULTS: The ETC included 103 @entity1 (BLBLI, 72; @entity2893 , 31), and the DTC included 174 (BLBLI, 54; @entity2893 , 120). Mortality rates at day 30 for those treated with BLBLI versus carbapenems were 9.7% versus 19.4% for the ETC and 9.3% versus 16.7% for the DTC, respectively (P > .2, log-rank test). After adjustment for confounders, no association was found between either empirical therapy with BLBLI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], .29-4.40; P = .84) or definitive therapy (adjusted HR, 0.76; 95% CI, .28-2.07; P = .5) and increased mortality. Furthermore, BLBLI therapy, with respect to @entity2893 , was not found to influence length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AMC and PTZ are suitable alternatives to carbapenems for treating @entity1 with @entity281 due to ESBL-EC if active in vitro and would be particularly useful as definitive therapy.

title: b-Lactam/b-lactam inhibitor combinations for the treatment of bacteremia due to extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing XXXX : a post hoc analysis of prospective cohorts.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Right @entity3979 limit cardioplegic delivery to the right ventricle and may contribute to postoperative right @entity67 . Right ventricular function was evaluated in 39 @entity1 with right @entity3979 following elective coronary bypass operations. Hemodynamic and nuclear ventriculographic measurements, made between 3 and 6 hours postoperatively, revealed a progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, pulse rate, and right ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.05). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (calculated from the thermodilution @entity64 index divided by the nuclear ejection fraction) decreased, but right atrial pressure increased (suggesting a decrease in compliance). The response to the infusion of 2 units of plasma (volume loading) was evaluated 3 hours postoperatively (EARLY) and again 5 hours postoperatively (LATE) in 21 @entity1 . Right ventricular performance (the relation between cardiac index or right @entity64 work index and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index) and right ventricular systolic function (the relation between systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular end-systolic volume index) were depressed EARLY and improved LATE (p less than 0.01 in analysis of covariance). Left ventricular performance (the relation between cardiac index or left @entity64 work index and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index) and left ventricular systolic function (the relation between systolic blood pressure and left ventricular end-systolic volume index) were similar EARLY and LATE. Right ventricular diastolic function (the relation between right atrial pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index) and left ventricular diastolic function (the relation between left atrial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index) were significantly greater LATE than EARLY. Right, but not left, ventricular performance and systolic function were transiently depressed, and right and left ventricular diastolic stiffness were transiently decreased in the EARLY postoperative period. In @entity1 with right @entity3979 , current methods of cardioplegia may inadequately protect the right ventricle, but further studies are required to establish the relation between intraoperative protection and postoperative function.

title: Right XXXX following cold potassium cardioplegia.

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No standard oral assessment tools are available for determining frequency of oral care in critical care @entity1 , and the method of providing oral care is controversial. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of a systematic program of oral care on oral assessment scores in critically ill intubated and nonintubated, @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical data were collected 3 times during critical care admissions before and after institution of a systematic program of oral care in 3 different medical centers. The oral care education program consisted of instruction from a dentist or dental hygienist and a clear procedure outlining systematic oral care. The Beck Oral Assessment Scale and the @entity33 were used to assess the oral cavity. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed modeling with controls for severity of illness. RESULTS: Scores on the Beck Scale differed significantly (F = 4.79, P = .01) in the pattern of scores across the 3 days and between the control group (before oral education) and the systematic oral care group. Unlike the control group, the treatment group had decreasing scores on the Beck Scale from day 1 to day 5. The @entity33 and the Beck Scale scores had strong correlations throughout the study; the highest correlation was on day 5 (r = 0.798, P < .001, n = 43). CONCLUSIONS: Oral assessment scores improved after nurses implemented a protocol for systematic oral care. Use of the Beck Scale and the @entity33 could standardize oral assessment and guide nurses in providing oral interventions.

title: Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal-plaque score']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Hsp70 is an essential molecular chaperone in protein metabolism since it acts as a pivot with other molecular chaperone families. Several co-chaperones act as regulators of the Hsp70 action cycle, as for instance Hip (Hsp70-interacting protein). Hip is a tetratricopeptide repeat protein (TPR) that interacts with the ATPase domain in the Hsp70- @entity857 state, stabilizing it and preventing substrate dissociation. Molecular chaperones from protozoans, which can cause some @entity1057 , are poorly studied in terms of structure and function. Here, we investigated the structural features of Hip from the protozoa @entity8436 (LbHip), one of the causative agents of the @entity66 . LbHip was heterologously expressed and purified in the folded state, as attested by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence emission techniques. LbHip forms an elongated dimer, as observed by analytical gel filtration chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). With the SAXS data a low resolution model was reconstructed, which shed light on the structure of this protein, emphasizing its elongated shape and suggesting its domain organization. We also investigated the chemical-induced unfolding behavior of LbHip and two transitions were observed. The first transition was related to the unfolding of the TPR domain of each protomer and the second transition of the dimer dissociation. Altogether, LbHip presents a similar structure to @entity1 Hip, despite their low level of conservation, suggesting that this class of eukaryotic protein may use a similar mechanism of action.

title: Low resolution structural characterization of the Hsp70-interacting protein - Hip - from XXXX emphasizes its high asymmetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis disease']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['neglected diseases']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania braziliensis']

answer: @entity8436 :: (5660,Species) :: ['Leishmania braziliensis']


abstract: @entity5338 (LUG) and @entity5338 _HOMOLOG (LUH) encode two closely related @entity958 proteins, belonging to the @entity5339 /TLE family of transcriptional co-repressors. These two genes were previously shown to exhibit partially overlapping functions in embryo and flower development. In this report, the role of both LUH and LUG on seed mucilage extrusion was examined. Seed mucilage extrusion occurs after the seeds are imbibed, serving as functional aid in seed hydration, germination, and dispersal. While luh-1 mutants exhibited strong defects in seed mucilage extrusion, lug-3 mutants exhibited a minor phenotype in mucilage extrusion. Further characterization indicates that luh-1 does not exhibit any obvious defect in seed epidermal cell differentiation, mucilage synthesis, or mucilage deposition, suggesting a specific role of LUH in mucilage extrusion. This seed mucilage phenotype of luh-1 is identical to that of mucilage modified 2 ( @entity5340 ) mutants. @entity5340 encodes a b-galactosidase required for the modification of the mucilage. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from siliques detected a slight decrease of @entity5340 mRNA in the luh-1 mutant compared to the wild type. Together, LUH and possibly LUG may specifically regulate mucilage extrusion by promoting the expression of genes required for mucilage maturation.

title: @entity5338 _HOMOLOG and XXXX regulate seed mucilage extrusion in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity5338 :: (829390(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['LEUNIG']


abstract: A best evidence topic was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'whether a @entity9876 results in a better survival rate than a pneumonectomy in suitable @entity1 ?' Altogether, more than 327 papers were found using the reported search, of which 15 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. We conclude in the biggest meta-analysis of nearly 3000 @entity1 , the five-year survival was 50% for @entity9876 compared to 30% for pneumonectomy. Operative mortality was 3% vs. 6% for pneumonectomy, and locoregional recurrence was 17% vs. 30%. These results are broadly consistent across all the 13 cohort studies presented here many of which document a 20-year single centre experience or more. There are significant issues in all cohort studies on this subject as, due to their non-randomized nature, the reason for not performing a sleeve resection may well have been more @entity1442 , which would necessarily mean that the pneumonectomy @entity1 would have a lower expected survival and higher local recurrence. In addition, there have been many large cohort studies to date and thus no more are required, as future studies are unlikely to resolve this issue. Thus, the only study that would adequately correct for this issue would be a randomized trial, but to prove a 10% increase in five-year survival a 300 @entity1 study would be needed. This is bigger than any study ever done in this area and as some centres took 30  years to collect these numbers of potential sleeve @entity1 an RCT is not a realistic possibility. Therefore, we conclude that no more cohort studies should be performed, as the results will be consistent with the meta-analyses and an RCT to eliminate their bias is unattainable, and thus no more research should be done on this topic and surgeons should use the figures presented above and in more detail in this best evidence topic to govern their management in the future.

title: Is a XXXX significantly better than a pneumonectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['sleeve lobectomy']

answer: @entity9876 :: (MESH:D020232,Disease) :: ['sleeve lobectomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcome of a consecutive series of @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity189 ( @entity189 ), focusing on the impact of treatment-related factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2000 and 2006, 87 @entity1 with @entity189 were treated with either conventional (two- or three-dimensional) radiotherapy (RT) or with intensity-modulated RT (IMRT). Of these @entity1 , 81 (93%) received either concomitant @entity7730 (24%) or both induction and concomitant @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) (69%). Stage was III in 36% and IV in 39% of @entity1 . Outcomes in this study population were compared with those in the previous series of 171 @entity1 treated during 1990 to 1999. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 46 months, actuarial rates at 3 years were the following: local control, 96%; local-regional control, 93%; distant control (DC), 90%; disease-free survival (DFS), 82%; overall survival, 90%. In Stage III to IV @entity1 , distant control at 3 years was 56% in @entity1 treated with concomitant @entity7730 only and 92% in @entity1 treated with both induction and concomitant @entity7730 (p = 0.014). At multivariate analysis, histology, N-stage, RT technique, and total RT dose had the strongest independent impact on DFS (p < 0.05). Induction @entity7730 had a borderline effect on DC (p = 0.07). Most dosimetric statistics were improved in the group of @entity1 treated with IMRT compared with conventional 3D technique. All outcome endpoints were substantially better in the study population compared with those in the previous series. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome of @entity189 has further improved in the study period compared with the previous decade, with a significant effect of RT technique optimization. The impact of induction @entity7730 remains to be demonstrated in controlled trials.

title: Further improvement in outcomes of @entity189 with optimized radiotherapy and induction plus concomitant XXXX : an update of the Milan experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['chemotherapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the most common @entity344 and is a significant cause of mortality. Its incidence is generally increasing in Asia. Reports from the West have indicated that the incidence of @entity5 is increasing in the younger population. This study assessed the time trend of @entity14 in Brunei Darussalam specifically assessing the different age groups at which the incidences start to increase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Cancer registry was reviewed (1991 to 2014). The age standardized rate (ASR) and the age specific incidence rates (ASIRs) for three time periods (1991-1998), (1999-2006) and (2007-2014) were calculated. RESULTS: The mean age of diagnosis was 59.3  14.6 years old, incidences being slightly higher amongst @entity1 (57.6%) and Malays (67.1%). The most common @entity5 type was @entity420 (96.4%). @entity5 accounted for 35.2% (n=372/1,056) of all @entity5 of the large bowel; more @entity1 were affected than @entity1 . The proportion of @entity5 was also high among the indigenous group. In the three time periods, the ASR for @entity14 increased from 16 per 100,000 (1991-1998) to 19.6 per 100,000 (1999-2006) and 24.3 per 100,000 (2007-2014). The ASIRs for @entity14 increased markedly between the time periods 1998-2006 and 2007-2014, beginning in the 40-44 years age group. For @entity5 , the ASIRs started to increase in the 25-29 age group onward whereas for @entity694 , the increase was observed at a later age, starting from the 45-49 age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed an increase in the incidence of @entity14 including in the younger age groups. The increase was seen earlier in @entity5 compared to @entity694 . These data mirror the trends reported from the West.

title: Increasing Incidence of @entity14 , Starting at a Younger Age for Rectal Compared to XXXX in Brunei Darussalam.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancers', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: The cases of 16 adult @entity1 with spermatic @entity602 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 ages had a bimodal distribution (median 57.5 years). Presentation was scrotal mass, inguinal mass or both, with an average diameter of 6.7 cm. Radical orchiectomy was performed in 9 @entity1 , and simple tumorectomy in 7. Lymph node dissection was performed in 6 @entity1 , including retroperitoneal dissection in 4 @entity1 . Various types of soft tissue @entity242 were found. @entity2875 were evident only in young @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 were found in 2 out of 6 cases. @entity194 was observed in 3 young @entity1 , germline destruction by the @entity5 in 2, and partial spermatogenesis in 2 @entity1 . The median time to first relapse in 13 @entity1 was 5.5 months. Surgery was the primary treatment and the best salvage modality. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy as true adjuvant or post-salvage-surgery adjunctive treatments remains unclear.

title: Spermatic XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity364 (IFIs) in @entity1 undergoing lung transplantation (LT) are associated with significant mortality. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of aerosolized @entity2379 deoxycholate and oral @entity2380 for antifungal prophylaxis. Evolving data show a potential advantage of prophylaxis with lipid-based formulations of @entity2379 in the prevention of IFIs. We reviewed the incidence of IFIs among @entity1 receiving aerosolized @entity2379 lipid complex (ABLC) in LT. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of the results of our antifungal protocol in a cohort of 60 LT @entity1 . We analyzed the efficiency, safety, and tolerability of 50 mg of aerosolized ABLC administered postoperatively for IFI prophylaxis once every 2 days for 2 weeks and then once per week for at least 13 weeks. In addition, these transplanted @entity1 received @entity2380 (200 mg/d) during the first 21 days posttransplant. The prophylaxis-related efficiency and safety were quantified for IFIs and adverse events (AEs) for 6 months after study drug initiation. RESULTS: Prophylaxis was efficient in 59 (98.3%) @entity1 . Only one @entity1 developed a possible IFI, due to @entity54 . Four @entity1 presented @entity390 and @entity391 as an AE, although aerosolized @entity2379 was ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: Nebulized ABLC was effective, safe, and well tolerated for the prophylaxis of @entity2381 in lung transplant @entity1 during the early posttransplant period.

title: Efficiency and safety of inhaled @entity2379 lipid complex (Abelcet) in the prophylaxis of invasive XXXX following lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: This review illustrates the use of computer-based Markov models to estimate cost-effectiveness and prognosis in a complex problem in clinical cardiology. Decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis were used to assess whether to implant a permanent @entity299 , treat with drugs, perform electrophysiologic studies or observe @entity1 who have two clinical features-- @entity1163 and @entity616 --that may or may not be causally related. Using a Markov process model, a computer program simulated the prognosis of five cohorts of such @entity1 --one treated conservatively, one given empiric antiarrhythmic drug therapy, one receiving a pacemaker, one treated with empiric drugs and pacing and one tested with electrophysiologic studies. On the basis of data from published reports and expert opinion, quality-adjusted life expectancy was calculated by summing the average time a member of each cohort would survive with and without symptoms for each initial treatment choice. The costs were estimated from 1985 hospital charges. For @entity1 with normal left ventricular function, electrophysiologic testing provides a benefit of 14 quality-adjusted months of life over observation, at an additional cost of  24,200. Empiric pacing would add 2.5 additional months, at a further cost of  14,300. In @entity1 with poor left ventricular function, empiric drug therapy offers 1.5 additional quality-adjusted months over observation, at a cost of  6,900. Electrophysiologic testing provides a further 16.5 months at an additional cost of  16,900. These results hold when the relation between symptoms and @entity943 is not firmly established. Varying the probabilities of underlying @entity1165 , @entity8526 or noncardiac causes of @entity1163 affects the cost-effectiveness relative to the alternative treatments.

title: A computer-based Markov decision analysis of the management of symptomatic XXXX : the threshold probability for pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pacemaker']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmic conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['bifascicular block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['bifascicular block']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of adjuvant @entity1205 plus @entity786 (TC)therapy for @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 16 @entity1 with intermediate risk- @entity0 were enrolled. TC therapy consisted of four courses of @entity1205 75 mg/m   plus @entity786 600 mg/m   intravenous administration over three weeks. Every infusion was premedicated with intravenous administration of granisetron 3 mg plus @entity619 16 mg, followed by @entity619 8 mg p. o. on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Due to the @entity56 , one @entity1 discontinued TC therapy. Fifteen (94%) of the 16 @entity1 completed the scheduled TC therapy. Feasibility was 93.7%. Grade 3/4 @entity137 was limited to @entity1210 , @entity1398 , and @entity1398 . No non-hematological serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant TC therapy is a feasible option for @entity0 .

title: [Feasibility of adjuvant @entity1205 plus @entity786 therapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Twenty-one percent of all @entity978 in India was seen in the pediatric age groups at the Tata Memorial Hospital (Bombay, India). From 1975 to 1982, 151 cases of @entity1 were reviewed. The youngest presentation was at 3 years in three @entity1 , with a marked male: female ratio of 5.5:1. Twenty-six @entity1 were previously treated before referral while the remaining 125 cases were investigated and treated according to the prevalent protocols in 1975 to 1978 and 1979 to 1982. Clinical staging revealed 54% of @entity1 in stages I and II with symptoms in 20%, and 46% of @entity1 in stages III and IV with symptoms in 67%. Staging laparotomy was performed in 27 @entity1 , with a total changes of staging in 17 @entity1 (63%). The mixed cell types (46%) and lymphocytic predominant types (31%) were the most common histologic presentations. Nine percent @entity4383 and 9% lymphocytic-depleted varieties were also observed. Five percent of all cases were not classifiable. Minimum adequate treatment was completed in 87 cases. Comparisons were made between the treatments administered to 40 @entity1 during the initial period 1975 to 1978 when individualized treatment was administered, and the later 47 @entity1 during the 1979 to 1982 period, when chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment with involved field radiation.

title: XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19406 is a subacute and @entity281 caused by @entity14621 , which affects @entity1 and other mammals. Clinical and epidemiological information in Colombia is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and socio-demographic findings and diagnostic tests in @entity1 with @entity19406 from 1996 to 2005 in a national reference center in Colombia, and to determine the institutional prevalence from 2002 to 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prevalence study, including @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity19406 and at least one of the following criteria: positive culture with @entity14621 , pathologic diagnosis suggestive of @entity19406 , or response to treatment with @entity7526 . RESULTS: Sixty cases were included, 67% were male, and 25% of them were farmers. The most affected anatomical areas were the forearms and hands (32.5% and 22.8% respectively). Most cases came from the Cundinamarca and Boyac   areas. The cases presented as fixed cutaneous @entity19406 and @entity19406 . Differential diagnoses with: @entity232 and @entity8711 were performed in most of the cases. All @entity1 were treated with @entity7526 . The prevalence for our center from 2002 to 2005 was 8 cases per 100,000 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of our @entity1 are similar to those described in other populations, with some differences. The culture continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis purposes. @entity7526 is the treatment of choice in our center.

title: [ XXXX : prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features in a reference center in Colombia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19406 :: ('MESH:D013174', 'Disease') :: ['Sporotrichosis', 'sporotrichosis', 'lymphangitic sporotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['chromoblastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity14621 :: ('29908', 'Species') :: ['Sporothrix schenckii', 'S. schenckii']

entities_list: @entity7526 :: ('MESH:D011193', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium iodide', 'potassium iodide']

answer: @entity19406 :: (MESH:D013174,Disease) :: ['Sporotrichosis']


abstract: A novel point mutation in the lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase gene has been identified in the recently reported Serbian family with a clinically and biochemically atypical intermediate form of @entity8706 . The mutation was a @entity20826 transversion resulting in substitution of @entity2228 for normal @entity2340 at @entity535 residue 391. The coding sequence was otherwise normal. All of the five affected individuals were almost certainly homoallelic, and both of the two obligate heterozygotes studied also carried the same mutation. This mutation is therefore likely to be directly associated with the atypical phenotype of these @entity1 . Expression in COS-1 cells suggested a higher residual activity than that in cultured fibroblasts. A recently developed high-affinity rabbit antihuman sphingomyelinase antibody allowed us to study for the first time the biosynthesis, processing, and targeting of a mutant sphingomyelinase by metabolic labeling of cultured fibroblasts. The mutant enzyme protein was normally synthesized, processed, and routed to the lysosome but was apparently unstable and degraded rapidly once it reached the lysosome. Together with the finding of the relatively high residual activity in COS-1 cells, we interpret our observations to mean that instability and rapid breakdown of the mature mutant enzyme protein, due to the mutation rather than direct inactivation of the catalytic activity, is the primary mechanism for the @entity8705 in these @entity1 . A high prevalence of this mutation in the Serbian population is likely, since the family pedigree indicates that members from four reportedly unrelated families must have contributed the same mutation.

title: Molecular analysis of the acid XXXX in a family with an intermediate form of @entity8706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8705 :: ('MESH:D052536', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of sphingomyelinase activity']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease']

answer: @entity8705 :: (MESH:D052536,Disease) :: ['sphingomyelinase deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the association of one linked GC/ @entity1129 polymorphism at @entity9486 with the risk of @entity14 . AIM: In this study, we investigated whether this polymorphism was related to the risk of @entity14 , and whether there were relationships between the polymorphism and loss of heterozygosity, protein expression, or clinicopathologic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity9486 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 150 Tunisian @entity1 with @entity14 and in 204 healthy control subjects. Immunohistochemistry was performed on normal mucosa, @entity5 , and @entity3 . RESULTS: The frequencies of the genotypes were 52% for wild-type (GC/GC), 31% for heterozygotes (GC/ @entity1129 ), and 17% for variants( @entity1129 / @entity1129 ) in @entity1 , and 54%, 35%, and 11% in controls, respectively. There were no significant differences of the frequencies of the 3 genotypes between the @entity1 and controls (P=0.11). We did not find any relationship of the genotypes with clinicopathologic features of @entity1 . We found that @entity1 with the GC/GC genotype had a significantly more favorable clinical outcome than the @entity1 with the @entity1129 variants ( @entity1129 / @entity1129 or GC/ @entity1129 genotype). There were no significant difference between tumoral immunostaining and @entity9486 polymorphism (P=0.16) but we found that the samples carrying the @entity1129 allele showed a tendency to be more stained in @entity5 . No loss of heterozygosity was observed at @entity9486 locus. Our results suggest that the @entity1129 / @entity1129 genotype is significantly associated with poor prognosis in @entity14 . All these findings suggest that @entity9486 polymorphism analysis may provide useful prognostic information for @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Relationship between XXXX polymorphism and the immunohistochemical profile of the full-length (TAp73) and NH2-truncated (/\Np73) isoforms in Tunisian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity9486 :: (7161,Gene) :: ['p73']


abstract: Immunosuppressive treatments of @entity1200 : @entity1737 , @entity6558 , chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 and @entity15 were reviewed. The treatments need to be planned in terms of 2-5 years. Cautions must be taken for adverse effects of short and long terms. @entity288 were the most well used and were studied medication of the first choice among immunosuppressants in these diseases except for @entity2646 in which large amounts of IV-Ig or plasmapheresis are the first choice. Pulse treatment of very high doses of @entity230 are used in refractory or severe cases. As for immunosuppressants, in @entity6558 iv @entity1500 is the choice since its response is quicker than AZ. CsA is used in cases with @entity55 . In @entity15 , pulse treatments of @entity230 followed by gradual decreasing doses of @entity230 are used for 2-3 months in each relapse. Recently, IFN-alpha 2a and @entity2391 significantly reduced the number of relapses and improved MRI findings. Chronic applications of AZ, CY, Cs or @entity1500 have possibilities of reducing relapses, and new drugs like @entity20771 and @entity2664 etc. are in trials.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by immunosuppressants].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-immunologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['neuro-immunologic diseases']


abstract: Painful @entity1494 , @entity1494 , chronic @entity2335 and @entity2335 are ill-defined conditions of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, and, therefore, they are without any rational therapy. Pathogenetic theories concerning defects in the epithelium and/or mucous surface coat (including glycosaminoglycans) of the bladder, and theories concerning immunological disturbances predominate. @entity11286 (Elmiron) acts by substituting a defective glycosaminoglycan layer and inhibits complement reactions in inflammatory processes. We compared @entity11286 versus placebo in a prospective double-blind, clinically controlled multicenter trial of 115 @entity1 with @entity2336 . Two protocols were used. Protocol A included 43 @entity1 with clinically and pathologically anatomically verified @entity2335 (28 or more mast cells per mm.2), and protocol B included 72 @entity1 with a @entity2336 and unspecific histological findings. The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity11286 (200 mg. twice daily) or placebo capsules for 4 months. Before and after the trial the @entity1 were evaluated with symptom grading, urodynamics and cystoscopy with distension and deep bladder biopsies. The results showed no difference between the pre-trial and post-trial values in the @entity11286 and placebo groups in both protocols in regard to symptoms, urodynamic parameters, cystoscopic appearance and mast cell counts. A significant increase in the cystoscopically determined bladder capacity in the @entity11286 group in protocol A was found. We conclude that no statistically or clinically significant effect of @entity11286 was found compared to placebo in @entity1 with @entity2336 .

title: A prospective double-blind clinically controlled multicenter trial of @entity11286 in the treatment of XXXX and related @entity2336 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disease', 'sensory bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium pentosanpolysulfate', 'sodium pentosanpolysulfate']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder', 'painful bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['abacterial cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: AIMS: The purposes of this study were to examine the associations among social support, @entity308 and quality of life among @entity1 with first-time @entity385 and to further test the impact of the dimensions of social support on @entity308 and quality of life. The proposed models included mediation hypotheses to examine the mediating roles of social support. BACKGROUND: Although considerable attention has recently been devoted to explaining why @entity308 and poor quality of life are frequent concomitants of @entity64 , little empirical work has been conducted to test predictions based on these models, especially in Taiwan. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlation design was used. METHODS: The 102 @entity1 with first-time @entity385 aged 32-90 (mean = 64.5, SD 11.8) were recruited from a large general hospital in Taiwan and through face-to-face survey interviews. The @entity1 were assessed using the Social Support Inventory, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Barthel Index, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life Index- @entity64 Version. The models were tested and confirmed through the application of structural equations with proposed variables. RESULTS: Nearly half of the Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity64 felt depressed. Social support fully mediated the prediction of quality of life by age and partially mediated the prediction of quality of life by functional ability. Social support partially mediated the prediction of @entity308 by functional ability. CONCLUSION: This study provides researchers and nurses with increased understanding of the mediating role of social support between functional ability and @entity308 /quality of life. Social support may be a promising intervening variable in @entity64 outcome. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results suggest several clinical implications. The inclusion of social support in @entity308 and quality of life after @entity64 may help nurses in @entity64 programme development, @entity1 education, effective and efficient use of health care resources and effective rehabilitation, especially in those individuals who lack support or who are involved in stressful situations.

title: Mediating roles of social support on XXXX and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['planning stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke depression']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['poststroke depression']


abstract: CASE: @entity7133 is a 7 year old with severe @entity1032 and self-injurious behavior. The behaviors include hitting his face with his fist and banging his head against the wall, floor, or table. These behaviors occurred intermittently in the past. During the past 6 months, they have increased in frequency and intensity and caused @entity2981 and swelling of his forehead. The behaviors have occurred in both the home and school environment, but seem to be more frequent and intense at home. @entity7133 's parents state that occasionally the behaviors occur when @entity7133 is so frustrated that he can't do something that he wants to do, but more frequently they occur for "no reason at all." @entity7133 could be watching TV or playing with a toy and begin @entity8071 . His parents have managed the behavior by verbal reprimands. If that is not effective, they will hold @entity7133 to prevent him from hitting himself or move him onto his bed with pillows against the wall. These procedures are very disruptive to the family now that the behavior is occurring at least a couple times on most days. @entity7133 is not on any medications. He has not had @entity410 . He has had @entity2169 and @entity1142 in the past and was treated for gastroesophageal reflux as an @entity1 . He sleeps 9 hours each night without snoring. There has been no change in his appetite or sleep. His parents estimate that he has about 20 words that he uses communicatively. @entity7133 lives at home with both parents and 2 younger siblings. For the past 2 years, he has attended the same life skills class with 8 students, a teacher and 2 assistants. @entity7133 's mother had postpartum @entity308 after the birth of his 5-year-old brother. The physical examination does not demonstrate any change in his growth percentiles. The skin on the right side of his face is erythematous as he was hitting it prior to the examination. There is no sign of @entity2346 media.

title: Self-injury and XXXX in a 7-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8071 :: ('MESH:D019956', 'Disease') :: ['head banging']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infections']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity65 is greatly reduced after @entity64 . Although individuals with mild to moderate impairments benefit from conventional cardiovascular exercise interventions, there is a lack of effective approaches for @entity1 with severely impaired physical function. This randomized controlled pilot trial investigated efficacy and feasibility of feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (FC-RATE) for @entity65 in @entity1 with severe impairments early after @entity64 . METHODS: Twenty individuals (age 61    11 years; 52    31 days poststroke) with severe motor limitations (Functional Ambulation Classification 0-2) were recruited for FC-RATE or conventional robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (RATE) (4 weeks, 3 * 30-minute sessions/wk). Outcome measures focused on peak cardiopulmonary performance parameters, training intensity, and feasibility, with examiners blinded to allocation. RESULTS: All 14 allocated @entity1 (70% of recruited) completed the intervention (7/group, withdrawals unrelated to intervention), without serious adverse events occurring. @entity65 increased significantly in both groups, with peak @entity26 uptake increasing from 14.6 to 17.7 mL    kg    min (+17.8%) after 4 weeks (45.8%-55.7% of predicted maximal aerobic capacity; time effect P = 0.01; no group-time interaction). Training intensity (% heart rate reserve) was significantly higher for FC-RATE (40%    3%) than for conventional RATE (14%    2%) (P = 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Substantive overall increases in the main cardiopulmonary performance parameters were observed, but there were no significant between-group differences when comparing FC-RATE and conventional RATE. Feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise significantly increased exercise intensity, but recommended intensity levels for cardiovascular training were not consistently achieved. Future research should focus on appropriate algorithms within advanced robotic systems to promote optimal cardiovascular stress.Video abstract available for more insights from the authors ( @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A107).

title: Efficacy of Feedback-Controlled Robotics-Assisted Treadmill Exercise to Improve XXXX Early After @entity64 : A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content 1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular rehabilitation', 'Cardiovascular fitness']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Fitness']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2183 , a common problem in @entity1 and @entity1 , has been associated with @entity102 such as @entity299 and @entity101 . Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey we investigated the association of @entity2183 with subsequent mortality risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NHANES III is a national probability survey of the United States between 1988 and 1994. Mortality data were obtained by linkage of NHANES III to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between @entity2183 and all cause mortality, controlling for potential confounders in a sample of 15,988 @entity1 and @entity1 20 years old or older. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2183 , defined as 2 or more voiding episodes nightly, was 15.5% in @entity1 and 20.9% in @entity1 . Multivariate analyses showed a statistically significant trend of increased mortality risk with increased number of voiding episodes in @entity1 and @entity1 . The magnitude of the @entity2183 and mortality association was greater in those younger than 65 years with attenuated associations in the 65 years old or older age group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2183 is a strong predictor of mortality, more so in younger @entity1 and @entity1 than in the elderly, with a dose-response pattern in increased mortality risk with increasing number of voiding episodes nightly. Potential underlying mechanisms of the observed association of @entity2183 and increased mortality risk include @entity25 and subsequent development of related comorbid conditions.

title: Association of XXXX and mortality: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2183 :: ('MESH:D053158', 'Disease') :: ['nocturia', 'Nocturia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disruption']

answer: @entity2183 :: (MESH:D053158,Disease) :: ['nocturia']


abstract: The @entity377 -excision repair (NER) system is crucial for the removal of bulky DNA adducts during spermatogenesis. Dysfunction of its repair capacity is likely related to the increased susceptibility to DNA damage. In this study, four polymorphisms in NER pathway ( @entity2174 @entity21052 , @entity11833 @entity21053 , XPD @entity20317 and XPF @entity21054 ) were selected to evaluate their potential impact on sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 . Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sperm DNA damage was evaluated by @entity10730 -mediated @entity21055 nick-end labelling assay. A case-only study of 620 @entity249 @entity1 found a significant association between @entity2174 @entity21052 polymorphism and sperm DNA damage. Individuals with the @entity2174 (-4) A allele showed more sperm DNA damage and lower sperm concentration than G allele carriers. Further analysis, including 620 @entity1 and 385 controls, revealed a 1.52-fold risk (95% CI 1.08-2.02) of developing @entity4810 in the @entity2174 (-4) AA carriers compared with noncarriers. Luciferase assay verified that the promoter with the @entity2174 (-4) A allele had a lower transcriptional activity than that with the G allele. These data provide the first evidence that @entity21056 polymorphism in @entity2174 promoter alters its transcriptional activity and, thus, might contribute to sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 . Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information. To our knowledge, few studies have elucidated the effect of DNA repair gene single- @entity377 polymorphisms on sperm DNA integrity, although the DNA repair system is indispensable in maintaining genetic stability and normal spermatogenesis. In this original study, we evaluated the potential impact of the polymorphisms in the @entity377 -excision repair pathway on the risk of sperm DNA damage based on 620 @entity249 @entity1 and 385 controls, and provided the first evidence that @entity21056 polymorphism in the promoter for the @entity2173 group A gene altered its transcriptional activity, which might contribute to sperm DNA damage and @entity4810 .

title: Polymorphisms of XXXX -excision repair genes may contribute to sperm DNA fragmentation and @entity4810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity21054 :: ('p|SUB|S|835|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser835Ser']

entities_list: @entity20317 :: ('p|SUB|K|751|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys751Gln']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: A 57-year-old male @entity1 presented with an immobile ellipsoid mass of 6-cm diameter in the right occipitoparietal region. Cranial computed tomography showed the mass with dense contrast enhancement causing @entity79 . After embolization of the mass, total resection was performed. Histological examination showed the mass had a capsule, with no invasion of the dura mater or dermis, and the follicles of various sizes covered with mono-lined thyrocytes were full of colloid. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining for thyroglobulin. Postoperatively, levels of thyroid hormones were normal, and thyroid ultrasonography and @entity1136 scintigraphy showed no abnormalities. Fine needle aspiration biopsy performed at various locations of the thyroid gland revealed no atypical thyroid cells. Whole body @entity1136 scintigraphy found no abnormal bone involvement. The histological evidence was suggestive of @entity189 @entity3 . Surgical treatment was planned for the thyroid gland, but the @entity1 did not consent. Two years later, the @entity1 presented with the @entity158 and sensitivity in the sacrum, the right iliac wing, and the right caput femoris. Computed tomography revealed @entity75 in these areas. Bone @entity3 were identified. Whole body scintigraphy showed increased activity in these regions, but the cranium and all other tissues were normal. The @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy under a diagnosis of @entity189 . The present case of a lytic skull lesion associated with normal thyroid tissue on admission but finally treated as @entity259 emphasizes the difficulty in histological discrimination of @entity189 from normal thyroid tissue.

title: Skull @entity3 from @entity259 with difficult diagnosis of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['primary lesion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity303 caregivers have an increased risk of @entity65 , and it is possible that metabolic disturbances contribute to this risk. Regular physical exercise reduces cardiometabolic risk, but caregivers may have less opportunity to engage in such activity. We hypothesized that regular physical activity would moderate cardiometabolic risk in @entity303 caregivers. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen @entity195 and 54 noncaregiving controls were assessed for medical history and health habits. Physical activity was defined as the number of days per week @entity1 performed light (score = 0-4), moderate (score = 0-4), or vigorous (score = 0-4) exercise (total score = 0-12). A cardiometabolic risk score was calculated by adding standardized z-scores of five @entity209 components: body mass index, @entity1674 , HDL @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, and @entity413 . RESULTS: Caregivers were less physically active than noncaregivers (mean    SD = 5.1    3.0 vs 6.3    2.7, P = 0.008). A significant caregiver status   physical activity interaction was found for the standardized cardiometabolic risk score controlling for gender, age, education, smoking, @entity167 consumption, health problems, @entity165 -lowering medication, negative affect, role overload, and fasting state (P = 0.035). Among @entity1 with low levels of physical activity, caregivers had greater cardiometabolic risk score than noncaregivers (0.58    0.31 vs -1.23    0.54, P = 0.017); no group difference emerged in @entity1 with high levels of physical activity (P = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiometabolic risk was particularly high in caregivers reporting reduced levels of regular physical activity. Intervention studies aimed at increasing physical activity in caregivers seem warranted to examine whether that would possibly lower cardiometabolic risk to the level of noncaregivers.

title: Regular physical activity moderates cardiometabolic risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's caregivers"]

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's caregivers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We developed a @entity548 animal model to replicate an urban prehospital setting where resuscitation fluids are limited to assess the effect of saline versus plasma in coagulopathic @entity1 . An in vitro model of whole blood dilution with saline exacerbated @entity1456 ( @entity1456 )-mediated fibrinolysis, while plasma dilution did not change fibrinolysis. We hypothesize that shock-induced @entity9660 can be attenuated by resuscitation with plasma while exacerbated by saline. METHODS: @entity35 were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 25 mm Hg and maintained in shock for 30 minutes. Animals were resuscitated with either @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) or platelet-free plasma (PFP) with a 10% total blood volume bolus, followed by an additional 5 minutes of resuscitation with @entity4361 to increase blood pressure to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg. Animals were observed for 15 minutes for the assessment of hemodynamic response and survival. Blood samples were analyzed with thrombelastography paired with protein analysis. RESULTS: The median percentage of total blood volume shed per group were similar ( @entity4361 , 52.5% vs. PFP, 55.7; p = 0.065). Survival was 50% in @entity4361 compared with 100% in PFP. The change in LY30 and @entity1456 levels from baseline to shock was similar between groups (LY30 PFP, 10; interquartile range [IQR], 4.3-11.2; @entity4361 , 4.5; IQR, 4.1-14.2; p = 1.00; @entity1456 PFP, 16.6 ng/mL; IQR, 13.7-27.8; @entity4361 , 22.4; IQR, 20.1-25.5; p = 0.240). After resuscitation, the median change in LY30 was greater in the @entity4361 group (13.5; IQR, 3.5-19.9) compared with PFP (-4.9%; IQR, -9.22 to 0.25 p = 0.004), but @entity1456 levels did not significantly change ( @entity4361 , 1.4; IQR, -6.2 to 7.1 vs. PFP, 1.7; IQR, -5.2 to 6.8; p = 0.699). CONCLUSION: Systemic @entity9660 is driven by hypoperfusion and associated with increased levels of @entity1456 . Plasma is a superior resuscitation fluid to @entity4361 in a prehospital model of severe @entity548 as it attenuates @entity9660 and improves systemic perfusion.

title: Shock-induced systemic XXXX is attenuated by plasma-first resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 'tPA']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'normal saline']

answer: @entity9660 :: (MESH:C567640,Disease) :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']


abstract: There is increasing evidence for bidirectional communication between glial cells and neurons. In this study, @entity460 signaling in primary glia/neuron cultures was investigated using video fluorescence imaging and @entity593 . Glial cells in culture without neurons showed occasional spontaneous intracellular @entity141 oscillations but not intercellular @entity141 waves. By contrast, glial cells in culture with neurons showed frequent spontaneous @entity141 oscillations as well as propagated intercellular @entity141 waves. These spontaneous glial intercellular @entity141 waves often emanated from sites of contact with neurons, but were only occasionally associated with increases in neuronal @entity141 . Mechanical stimulation of a single glial cell induced a glial intercellular @entity141 wave which was similar in its temporal and spatial characteristics to spontaneous glial @entity141 waves. Mechanically induced glial @entity141 waves, but not spontaneous @entity141 waves, evoked a transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i or a change in the pattern of spontaneous @entity141 oscillations in a small percentage (< 10%) of neighboring neurons. Mechanical stimulation of a single neuron consistently evoked an intercellular @entity141 wave in neighboring glial cells. These results suggest distinct mechanisms for direct glial-neuronal and neuronal-glial communication. These signaling pathways may play important roles in both function and pathology in the central nervous system.

title: Glia-neuron intercellular XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between antiinflammatory cytokine @entity688 production and perioperative @entity880 concentrations and their impact on postoperative outcomes in neonates undergoing the arterial switch operation (ASO). METHODS: Between August 2010 and August 2012, 80 neonates with @entity3886 (TGA) were enrolled. Serum @entity688 levels were measured immediately before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the first, third, and seventh days. Perioperative clinical data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent the ASO at a median age of 72 hours (4-144 hours). We found that serum @entity688 levels significantly correlated with a prolonged @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) length of stay (r  = 0.3; p  = 0.020) and duration of ventilation (r  = 0.3; p  = 0.017). Serum @entity688 levels on the first day after the surgical procedure had predictive value for a prolonged @entity1213 stay (defined as an @entity1213 stay >6 days postoperatively) by receiver operator curve analysis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.65 (p  = 0.045). Logistic regression modeling indicated that serum @entity880 level (b  = 2.7; p  = 0.027), age at operation (b  = -4.0; p  = 0.007), and the nature (autologous or allogeneic) of blood products (b  = -3.5; p  = 0.030) used during CPB affected serum @entity688 levels. The strongest predictor of increased @entity688 on the first day after operation was a serum @entity880 level greater than 3 mmol/L measured after the surgical procedure on admission to the @entity1213 , recording an odds ratio of 15.31. Serum @entity880 levels after operation and at admission to the @entity1213 positively correlated with a prolonged @entity1213 stay (r  = 0.4; p  = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity880 levels are associated with increased @entity688 production on the first postoperative day. Excessive production of @entity688 on the first day after the surgical procedure is associated with a prolonged @entity1213 stay.

title: Relationship Between Antiinflammatory Cytokine @entity688 and XXXX Concentrations in Neonates Undergoing the Arterial Switch Operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is the most common form of @entity6 in the civilized world. Its consequences include microvascular and @entity66 , both of which appear to evolve from a common background of @entity28 and physical inactivity. The current study was undertaken in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2175 to see whether improvements could be made in glycemic control as well as in many cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity14822 , and physical inactivity) that are typical of this condition. Fifteen @entity28 insulin-using @entity1 with @entity2175 (average body mass index, 34.0) were treated with a 500-calorie formula diet for eight to 12 weeks. Administration of insulin and diuretics was discontinued at the onset of the study. A eucaloric diet was begun at eight to 12 weeks and maintained until Week 24. A behaviorally oriented nutrition-exercise program was instituted at the beginning of the study. @entity15506 or placebo was added (randomized) at Week 15 if the fasting plasma @entity413 level in @entity1 exceeded 115 mg/dl. @entity1 lost an average of 22 pounds over the course of 24 weeks. Frequency and duration of physical activity increased significantly from baseline, as did the maximal @entity26 consumption rate. Glycemic control by 15 weeks (without insulin) was similar to baseline (with insulin). With the addition of glipizide at Week 15, both fasting plasma @entity413 and @entity413 tolerance improved significantly. This improvement was not observed with placebo. In addition, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by about 10 mm Hg. There were no significant changes in the levels of serum lipids or glycosylated hemoglobin. In conclusion, a multifaceted intervention program, employing weight reduction, exercise, diet, and @entity15506 therapy, can be instituted in insulin-using @entity1 with @entity2175 , with improvement in glycemic control and in certain risk factors ( @entity101 , @entity28 , physical inactivity) for @entity65 .

title: Achieving therapeutic goals in insulin-using @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX . A weight reduction-exercise-oral agent approach.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['Glipizide', 'glipizide']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) activity in serum and skeletal muscle to blood pressure and the long-term antihypertensive effects of @entity10959 and @entity2165 . We examined 50 @entity101 @entity1 randomized to receive 20 mg @entity10959 or 50 mg @entity2165 daily for 16 weeks. @entity1289 activity was measured in biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle. Measurements of office and ambulatory blood pressure, serum @entity1289 , and left ventricular wall thickness were also performed. The same investigations were performed in a cross-sectional study of 50 healthy elderly @entity1 . Muscle @entity1289 correlated inversely to blood pressure in cross-sectional analyses in both populations (p < 0.05). During @entity2165 treatment muscle @entity1289 activity tended to increase (14%, p = 0.059), and this increase correlated inversely to the changes in standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.62, p = 0.0044, and r = 0.54, p = 0.016, respectively). Muscle @entity1289 was also inversely correlated to left ventricular wall thickness when the two populations were pooled (r =-0.29, p = 0.0053). In the @entity10959 group, muscle @entity1289 activity was not different during treatment than at baseline (-2. 1%, p = 0.68). The inverse relationship between blood pressure and muscle @entity1289 levels in this study indicate that muscle tissue @entity1289 levels are influenced by haemodynamic factors in @entity1 .

title: Skeletal muscle angiotensin-converting enzyme and its relationship to blood pressure in primary @entity101 and healthy elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10959 :: ('MESH:D017328', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinopril']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression changes of the demethylase TETs (Ten-eleven translocation enzymes) in @entity1 embryonic kidney cell (HEK293) exposed to high dose @entity10278 ( @entity10278 ), and to investigate the regulation effects of TETs on global genomic methylation. METHODS: HEK293 cells were exposed to @entity10278 for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the survival rate was tested by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) method, and the cell morphology was observed. The levels of TETs mRNA and protein were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The genomic DNA methylation level was detectedby pyro sequencing assay. RESULTS: @entity10278 had toxic effects on HEK293 cells, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.78   mol/L. After exposure of @entity10278 for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the morphology of HEK293 cells was altered, and the high dose group (2.0   mol/L) showed vacuolar changes and fuzzy appearance. The level of @entity10279 mRNA in groups of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0   mol/L were 0.23    0.13, 0.48    0.12, 0.59    0.16 and 0.95    0.39, respectively (F = 182.89, P = 0.002); The level of @entity5312 mRNA in groups of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0   mol/L were 0.23    0.12, 0.32    0.02,0.31    0.10 and 0.34    0.07, respectively (F = 27.94, P < 0.001); The level of @entity10280 mRNA in groups of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0   mol/L were 0.26    0.10, 0.27    0.11, 0.25    0.11 and 0.28    0.09, respectively (F = 1.76, P = 0.036). The interaction effect existed between exposure time and doses of @entity10279 mRNA, @entity5312 mRNA and @entity10280 mRNA (F values were 32.94, 23.04 and 13.78, respectively; P values were < 0.001, 0.041 and < 0.001, respectively). Western blot showed that in different exposure time and dose, the protein expression levels of TETs had the similar trend as mRNA levels. In 24 h (55.01    3.62)%, 48 h (48.31    8.99)%, 72 h (48.76    6.60)%, the DNA methylation had significant differences (F = 18.50, P < 0.001); In groups of 0.0   mol/L (55.29    2.83)%, 0.5   mol/L (55.35    3.11)%, 1.0   mol/L (48.58    6.40)% and 2.0   mol/L (43.56    7.89)%, the differences of DNA methylation had significant differences (F = 7.03, P = 0.048); the effect of interaction was also existed (F = 2.73, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: In the short term exposure to @entity10278 , the levels of TETs mRNA and protein showed a trend of increase according to the exposure time and dose, and the methylation level of whole genomic DNA was also altered. The demethylase TETs may play a role in regulating the genomic methylation level of HEK293 exposed to @entity3409 .

title: [Effect of XXXX on TET enzymes and DNA methylation changes in @entity1 embryonic kidney cell].

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride', 'CdCl2']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: A biologically relevant mechanism of generating peripheral tolerance in T cells that have escaped thymic deletion is by the oral administration of soluble antigens. Oral tolerance occurs by two distinct mechanisms. Feeding a single high dose of antigen induces anergy of antigen-specific @entity630 cells, while multiple low doses of antigen induce regulatory T cells that mediate suppression by producing immunosuppressive cytokines. Although cytokine production orally tolerant animals has been well studied utilizing in vitro assay systems, semi-quantitative characterization of cytokine production in oral tolerance in vivo has not been carried out. In this paper we have developed a system using semi-quantitative RNA polymerase chain reaction to characterize cytokine gene expression in vivo in @entity19 orally tolerized by feeding either a single high dose or multiple low dosages of antigen. We find that measurable differences in @entity58 ( @entity58 ) and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) gene expression occurred between the tolerized and non-tolerized groups. Qualitatively, @entity58 mRNA was increased in both orally tolerized groups. However, significant differences in @entity58 gene expression between the two groups in both magnitude and kinetics were found. A large but short-lived increase in @entity58 was produced in @entity19 fed a single high dose, while a relatively more moderate, longer-lived increase was produced in @entity19 fed multiple low doses. The increase in @entity58 gene expression was specific only to the draining lymph node following antigen administration. Expression of @entity60 was decreased in both orally tolerant groups. These results indicate that tolerance in @entity630 cells is induced by both of these feeding regimens while @entity61 responses are intact and amplified upon reexposure to antigen.

title: Different kinetic patterns of cytokine gene expression in vivo in orally tolerant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris is characterised by @entity4890 and infiltration of immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. The @entity32 is driven by a complex interplay between immune and skin cells involving interleukin (IL)-17A, @entity4452 and @entity310 as key drivers. The @entity2116 / @entity9090 two-compound fixed combination product is widely used for topical treatment of @entity1569 . However, the mechanism behind its high efficacy has not been elucidated in detail. OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigated and compared the immune modulatory effects of @entity5935 , @entity2116 and the combination in ex vivo cultures of psoriatic skin and in vitro cultures of primary @entity1 cells that recapitulate key cellular activities of @entity32 . METHOD: The immune modulatory effect of the treatments on psoriatic skin and on in vitro differentiated @entity630 /Th17 cells, @entity19 /Tc17 cells, monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells and primary keratinocytes was assessed by a panel of inflammatory and phenotypic related transcription factors and cytokines. The expression was evaluated by both gene and protein analysis. RESULTS: Compared to vehicle control or mono-treatments, the effect of @entity2116 / @entity5935 combination was significantly better in inhibiting the secretion of @entity4155 and @entity310 in psoriatic skin. Additionally, the two components showed additive inhibitory effects on secretion of @entity4452 and @entity310 by DCs, of @entity4155 and @entity310 by both @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T cells and reduced inflammatory responses in Th17-stimulated keratinocytes. Furthermore, @entity2116 was found to enhance @entity688 secretion in psoriatic skin and in @entity1 T cells, to induce secretion of type 2 cytokines by T cells and, lastly, to significantly modulate the differentiation of DCs and T cells. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we demonstrate a unique and supplementary immune modulatory effect of @entity2116 / @entity5935 combination on @entity310 and @entity4452 /Th17 immune axis, supporting the superior clinical efficacy of the combination product compared to the respective mono-treatments in @entity1569 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity9090 exert additive inhibitory effects on the cytokine expression of inflammatory dendritic cell-Th17 cell axis in @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyper-proliferation']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'psoriatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9090 :: ('MESH:C011175', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

answer: @entity2116 :: (MESH:C055085,Chemical) :: ['Calcipotriol']


abstract: The authors present the retrospective evaluation of a group of 20 @entity1 with @entity174 of the proximal femur who were treated in 1987-1991 by synthesis with a sliding conpressive screw. The authors used implants POLDI, OSTEO and AESCULAP. @entity1 predominated at a ratio of 3 : 2. The mean age at the time of the injury was 57 years. The operations were made soon after the injury - 13 times on the day of the injury, the longest interval was three days after the injury. Mediocolic @entity174 predominated - 10 times. An exchange operation had to be performed 5 times, five @entity1 died and three @entity1 were lost from the records. Of the remaining seven @entity1 six were cured with excellent results and one female @entity1 , the only one who developed posttraumatic @entity39 of the head, recovered with good results. The basis of success remains correct indication of the operation and its implementation, perfect from the technical aspect. Key words: @entity174 of the neck of the femur, dynamic sliding screw.

title: [Dynamic sliding screw in the treatment of XXXX of the proximal femur in the traumatological research institute in 1987-1991.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']