abstract: In the present study, the expression of cyclin E and kinase @entity10610 was investigated in preinvasive @entity150 . The study material consisted of bladder sections (grades: GI--16 cases, GII--10, and GIII--12) collected from 38 @entity1 in the course of the @entity5 electroresection. Immunohistochemical examinations were carried out with immunoperoxidase method. Antigens were labeled with @entity4049 -CYCLIN E or @entity4049 - @entity61368 @entity10610 monoclonal antibodies (Novocastra, UK). Positive reaction was demonstrated using ABC-universal Kit (Novocastra, UK). Differences in the protein expression in relation to the @entity5 grade were determined with a non-parametric Mann-Whitney's test. Increasing grade of @entity5 was associated with down regulation of cyclin E visible as lower percentage of cyclin E-positive cells. These changes were statistically significant for GI group as compared to groups GII and GIII (p<0.001). There were no differences between the study groups in the @entity61368 protein expression. Cyclin E expression was inversely correlated with @entity5 grade therefore may be helpful in establishing therapeutic procedure.

title: Quantitative analysis of cyclin E and protein @entity61368 @entity10610 expression in superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: complete or total en bloc spondylectomy has been recommended for @entity2967 of the spine. Wide local resection of the fifth lumbar vertebra carries potential risks of major complications because of its anatomical features. Only nine cases of the @entity2967 involving the fifth lumbar vertebra have been reported in the literature. PURPOSE: to present two cases of @entity2967 treated by single-stage combined anterior and posterior @entity5 resection over 7 years of follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Case report and a review of literature. METHODS: A 33-year-old female and a 20-year-old female, each diagnosed with @entity2967 of fifth lumbar vertebra, underwent single-stage @entity5 resection through a combined posterior and retroperitoneal anterior approach. RESULTS: The resection of the fifth lumbar vertebra was completed in the first case without major perioperative complications. In the second case, @entity548 during the anterior procedure for resection of the vertebral body interrupted the total resection of the @entity5 , resulting in possible @entity41 which required adjuvant radiotherapy. The @entity1 recovered both clinically and neurologically after the operation. Spinal reconstruction was maintained, and no recurrence of the @entity5 was evident at the 7-year and 8-year follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no recurrence of the @entity5 after the combined single-stage anterior and posterior @entity5 resection and adjuvant radiotherapy for the second case for over 7 years follow-up. However, complete resection of the vertebra and @entity5 at the fifth lumbar vertebra is still challenging to accomplish.

title: XXXX of fifth lumbar vertebrae: two case reports and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'giant cell tumor', 'giant cell tumor of the fifth lumbar vertebra']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Giant cell tumor']


abstract: Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) and @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) are important mediators produced during @entity32 . We hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in the interstitial fluid (IF) is different from that in serum, and we aimed at quantifying the amount of @entity1505 and @entity3426 in the IF. By centrifugation of @entity35 skin at < 424 g pure IF is extracted. Using ELISA such fluid was analysed for cytokines in back and/or paw skin of @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity35 , after either induction of endotoxaemia or ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During endotoxaemia, @entity1505 increased in the IF from 0 in control to 640 +/- 100 pg ml(-1) (mean +/-s.e.m.) after 90 min, with the serum concentration being 5-10 times higher at all time points. The response pattern of @entity3426 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge differed greatly from that of @entity1505 with a large increase in IF from 390 +/- 90 to 28 000 +/- 1500 pg ml(-1) after 210 min, and a significantly smaller increase in serum (600 +/- 45 pg ml(-1)). During reperfusion of the hind paw after 2 h of ischaemia, there was a gradual increase of @entity1505 in both IF of the paw skin and serum after 3 min of reperfusion. Both declined after 20 min. The pattern for @entity3426 differed, increasing significantly less in serum (25 +/- 15 pg ml(-1) after 20 min of reperfusion) than in the IF (1100 +/- 200 pg ml(-1)). Immunostaining of the inflamed tissues showed increased expression of the two cytokines in cells of both epidermis and dermis compared to controls. Subdermal injections of @entity1505 and @entity3426 at the same concentrations found in IF after LPS infusion affected interstitial fluid pressure significantly. Local @entity1505 production dominates after I/R injury, whereas in endotoxaemia systemic production predominates. For @entity3426 local production dominates in both conditions. Thus, there is a differential pattern of cytokine production and the current method allows the study of the role of cytokines in IF during different inflammatory reactions.

title: Differential cytokine response in interstitial fluid in skin and serum during experimental XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 plasma lipoprotein(a) [ @entity3452 ], the dominant lipoprotein in atherosclerotic plaques, contains an apo(a) subunit of variable size linked to the @entity755 subunit of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecule. Circulating lipoprotein immune complexes (ICs) assayed by ELISA using microplate-coated anti-apo(a) or anti- @entity755 antibody for capture and peroxidase-labelled anti-human immunoglobulins as probe consisted mostly of @entity3452 despite several-fold excess of LDL over @entity3452 in plasma. Microplate coating of plasma lipoprotein @entity2337 and probing with antibodies to apo(a) and @entity755 also revealed negligible presence of LDL compared to @entity3452 . Peanut agglutinin specific to desialylated O-glycans bound significantly more to @entity3452 recovered after urea dissociation of @entity2337 than to free @entity3452 . Plasma lipoproteins separated by ultracentrifugation and desialylated by @entity689 formed @entity2337 with naturally occurring antibodies in normal plasma. These de novo ICs agglutinated desialylated but not normal @entity1 RBC in proportion to the polyagglutinin antibody titre of plasma used, suggesting availability of multiple  unoccupied binding sites on the participating antibodies even after @entity2337 formation. Agglutination was inhibitable by @entity46272  and  decreased 4-8 fold if precursor lipoprotein was selectively depleted of  @entity3452 , showing agglutinating  ICs were  contributed mainly  by desialylated @entity3452 and @entity3649 -specific antibodies. @entity2337 was 2 fold more agglutinating if lipoproteins used contained smaller rather than larger @entity3452 molecules of the same number. Small size/high plasma concentration @entity3452 phenotype and @entity689 -releasing diseases including @entity6 are risk factors for @entity455 . Results suggest a possible route of  @entity3452 attachment to vascular cells that offer terminal @entity3649 on surface glycans following desialylation.

title: Immunopathology of desialylation: XXXX plasma lipoprotein(a) and circulating anti-carbohydrate antibodies form immune complexes that recognize host cells.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity46272 :: ('MESH:D005697', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosides']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Early detection of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) before imaging signs appear remains an unmet medical need. Former publications suggest that soluble @entity10431 (suPAR) is a non-specific @entity5 marker. suPAR was validated for the detection of @entity1 at risk for @entity157 . METHODS: After an initial training set in 23 @entity1 with extreme disease phenotypes, a prospective test set was conducted in which 267 @entity1 without any imaging signs of @entity157 were followed up for 7  years. @entity1 were divided into low risk and high risk for the development of @entity157 by the EASL criteria. suPAR was measured at the beginning of follow-up. All @entity1 underwent liver biopsy to define staging of @entity82 . The primary study endpoint was to define a cut-off among high-risk @entity1 by the EASL criteria that can early discriminate those at real risk for @entity157 . RESULTS: The training set showed that suPAR was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity157 even in the absence of underlying @entity82 compared with @entity1 with minimal @entity409 because of fatty deposition. The test set showed that among the high-risk EASL subgroup, suPAR more than 9.56  ng/ml had sensitivity 76.0%, specificity 90.4%, positive predictive value 54.3% and negative predictive value 96.2% for the development of @entity157 (odds ratio: 29.88, P  <  0.0001). In survival analysis, @entity1 with suPAR above 9.56  ng/ml at baseline progressed earlier to @entity157 . CONCLUSIONS: The specificity and negative predictive value make serum suPAR a potential screening tool for the early detection of @entity157 in @entity1 with chronic @entity409 .

title: Serum soluble @entity10431 as a screening test for the early diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation', 'liver disorders']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Surgery associated with @entity130 and soft tissue injuries after surgery significantly activates the systemic immune response. If an infection after surgery occurs, the response is even stronger. Due to spontaneous activation of immune response and elevated biomarkers for @entity295 and cytokines, posttraumatic complications such as new-coming postoperative infections are difficult to diagnose. @entity295 as @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) rapidly progresses through severe @entity295 to @entity326 and organ failure, and with no applied antibiotic treatment, the disease often ends at death of the @entity1 . In the treatment of non-surgery @entity1 , the biomarkers like white cell blood count, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) or procalcitonin (PCT) proved to be useful in @entity295 recognition. However, diagnostics after surgeries are more complicated and these biomarkers are not ideal. The solution is a @entity295 biomarker, which would have high sensitivity and specificity, that can improve diagnostic accuracy of @entity295 , should also be measured easily by the @entity1 , and should not be too expensive. We think more sensitive and specific biomarkers such as presepsin (sCD14-ST) or @entity10685 index on neutrophils could be useful. A diagnosis of @entity295 should be based on clinical signs, and clinicians should use biomarker that is not only most sensitive and specific but also is cost effective. Furthermore, confirmation of the @entity2348 with blood cultures or with the use of broad range polymerase chain reaction (PCR), when culturing is impossible, should be performed.

title: Effective Strategies for Diagnosis of @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) due to XXXX in Surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of galectin-3 in various @entity1374 , including @entity1373 , @entity4383 , and benign and @entity5 , to clarify the diagnostic utility of galectin-3 in aspirates of follicular lesions. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 146 follicular lesions diagnosed cytologically, obtained from @entity1 who had undergone thyroidectomy for either benign or malignant nodules, were evaluated using Papanicolaou-stained slides and cell blocks with galectin-3 immunostaining. We primarily categorized the aspirated specimens as benign, indeterminate or suspicious for a follicular @entity5 based on cellularity, architectural arrangement of the follicular cells and presence or absence of colloid. Galectin-3 immunostaining was evaluated according to the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells. Cytologic diagnoses were correlated with the results of galectin-3 and categorized into 3 groups (benign, indeterminate for @entity5 , suspicious for @entity5 ) and compared with the corresponding histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: When the histologic diagnoses were compared with the cytologic diagnoses, the accuracy in the distinction between benign and malignant cases was 79.5% except for 8 cytologically and 3 histologically indeterminate cases. Except for 11 indeterminate cases, there were 18 (12.3%) discrepant cases. False positive cases included 8 of 62 (12.9%) @entity4383 and 1 of 42 (2.4%) follicular @entity652 . Of 9 false negative cases, 4 minimally invasive @entity189 and 2 widely invasive @entity189 were included. Three @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential were cytologically categorized as malignant, and all cases showed positivity for galectin-3. CONCLUSION: Galectin-3 could be used as a useful supplementary marker for cytologic diagnosis, although it was not an absolute marker in determining whether a lesion was benign or malignant.

title: Diagnostic utility of galectin-3 in aspirates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant follicular neoplasms', 'follicular tumors', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia', 'nodular hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular lesions']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid follicular lesions']


abstract: Phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein ( @entity996 ) is assumed to regulate its growth-controlling function. Moreover, hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms of @entity996 can be distinguished by virtue of the distinct affinities with which they bind to the cell nucleus. This property allows the identification of individual cell nuclei that contain @entity996 in one or the other form. We show here that after cells emerge from a quiescent (G0) state, conversion of their complement of @entity996 into a hyperphosphorylated form occurs in late G1, preceding entry into S phase by several hours. Thus, contrary to earlier reports, @entity996 phosphorylation is not co-ordinated with the G1-S transition and may not directly regulate it. A distinct set of phosphopeptides is found exclusively in those forms of @entity996 that show the loose nuclear association characteristic of the hyperphosphorylated form of @entity996 . Another set of phosphopeptides is found with both hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms. This suggests the existence of distinct patterns of phosphorylation that are associated with different subsets of @entity996 molecules. We conclude that substantial phosphorylation of @entity996 exists in G1 even prior to the hyperphosphorylation point. Cyclin-dependent kinases can cause a liberation of @entity996 from cell nuclei in vitro. Phosphorylation by members of this kinase family is therefore likely to be directly involved in the change in nuclear affinity in vivo and the associated changes in @entity996 functioning.

title: Distinct sub-populations of the XXXX protein show a distinct pattern of phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment recommendations for @entity1 with painful @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) range from conservative treatments such as physiotherapy to @entity146 and irreversible treatments such as restorative reconstruction and joint surgery. METHODS: The authors randomized 200 subjects diagnosed with @entity9321 into three groups: usual conservative, dentist-prescribed self-care treatment without any intraoral splint appliance (UT); UT plus a conventional flat-plane hard acrylic splint (HS); and UT plus a soft @entity3324 (a low-cost @entity2133 guard) splint (SS). Subjects completed questionnaires and clinical examinations at three, six and 12 months. RESULTS: The authors observed no significant differences among the groups in @entity9321 -related @entity158 levels or other common signs and symptoms of @entity9321 at baseline (BL) or at any follow-up. The changes from BL were comparable for all three groups. The authors did not note any significant differences at any follow-up for compliance with study protocols or for occurrences of adverse effects from either splint type. For HS versus SS, there were significant differences in rates of splint use, but these differences were not accompanied by differences in either self-reported symptoms or in clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 improved over time, and traditional splint therapy offered no benefit over the SS splint therapy. Neither splint therapy provided a greater benefit than did self-care treatment without splint therapy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that clinicians who treat @entity1 with @entity9321 should consider prescribing low-cost nonsplint self-care therapy for most @entity1 .

title: The efficacy of traditional, low-cost and nonsplint therapies for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['athletic mouth']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the sources of @entity5305 -associated @entity227 in @entity1 treated for @entity302 . BACKGROUND: @entity5305 is an extremely effective antiepileptic drug that selectively increases brain @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ). Several @entity1 recently developed constricted visual fields during @entity5305 treatment in the United Kingdom, indicating the possibility of @entity1246 -associated @entity989 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity227 treated chronically with @entity5305 at our center underwent visual evoked potentials (VEP), electroretinograms (ERG), and visual field and ophthalmologic examinations. RESULTS: Four of 38 @entity1 treated with @entity5305 developed @entity227 2 to 40 months after starting the drug. Two @entity1 complained of constricted visual fields and two had @entity227 . ERG demonstrated evidence of bilateral @entity989 consistent with reduced inner retinal cone response in all four @entity1 . Oscillatory potential responses were lost, suggesting impairment of the highly GABAergic amacrine cells. Two of the @entity1 had normal VEPs and minimal findings on clinical ophthalmology examinations despite abnormal ERGs. Abnormal examination findings were narrowed retinal arteries, surface wrinkling @entity989 , and abnormal macular reflexes. One @entity1 also had reduced rod photoreceptor function in the more symptomatic left eye. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field constriction and blurring during @entity5305 therapy is associated with @entity989 . @entity227 may represent selective vulnerability of retinas of affected @entity1 to GABAergic effects of @entity5305 . The prevalence and course of retinal changes associated with @entity5305 therapy are important to determine in a larger group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX -associated @entity989 : electroretinogram and ophthalmologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'Visual symptoms', 'blurred vision', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin', 'Vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction', 'retinopathy', 'retinal cone system dysfunction']

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['Vigabatrin']


abstract: Research on the effects of repeated opioid use on striatal @entity935 transporters (DATs) has yielded inconsistent results, possibly confounded by a history of @entity888 or @entity284 exposure in opioid-dependent individuals. Previous studies have shown that striatal @entity7712 density is positively correlated with the cognitive performance of healthy volunteers. This study aimed to investigate changes in striatal @entity7712 density and their functional significance in opioid-dependent individuals. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [(99m) Tc]TRODAT-1 as a ligand was used to measure striatal @entity7712 levels in 20 opioid-dependent individuals and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Opioid-dependent individuals had no history of @entity888 or @entity284 use. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was performed to assess neurocognitive function. We found that compared with healthy controls, opioid-dependent individuals showed a significant reduction in striatal @entity7712 density. They also showed poorer performance on the WCST in terms of the trials administered, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors and @entity2246 . Striatal @entity7712 levels negatively correlated with @entity2246 not only in opioid-dependent individuals but also in healthy controls. These findings suggest that in @entity1 , repeated opioid exposure reduces striatal @entity7712 density, which can be associated with @entity2246 . Non-perseverative errors may be one of the more sensitive parameters in WCST to identify working @entity2414 associated with striatal @entity7712 reduction. Moreover, we suggest that whether opioid-associated @entity2359 is reversible depends on the brain region.

title: Reduced striatal XXXX transporter density associated with working @entity2414 in opioid-dependent male subjects: a SPECT study.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['non-perseverative errors']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) is a serious medical condition usually associated with severe upper @entity490 . The purpose of our study is to assess the therapeutic consequences of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and the predictive value of CRP for severe @entity788 . We included @entity1 with a threefold increase of plasma lipase who had received a CE-CT or had a CRP of =150   mg/dl. A total of 74 out of 283 @entity1 got a contrast-enhanced CT scan; in 11 cases the CT was followed by endoscopic or surgical interventions as therapeutic consequences compared with 19 out of 50 control cases. 69 out of 283 @entity1 (24,3%) had CRP >150   mg/dl within 48 hours after admission. 32 of them had SAP. The CRP cutoff of 150   mg/L had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 65%. The positive predictive value for SAP in @entity1 beyond the cutoff is 46.4%. The negative predictive value for SAP in @entity1 below the cutoff was 89.5%. Our results support the opinion that an early CE-CT is usually not indicated. CRP helps to assess the course of @entity656 ; levels below 150   mg/dl between the first 48 h indicate a mild course in most of the cases.

title: Analysis of the power of common diagnostic tools in the management of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13265 has demonstrated efficacy when added to @entity3045 for the treatment of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Its prehospital use has not been explored. METHODS: A before-and-after design was used. Prehospital and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) medical records were examined retrospectively six months before and six months after institution of a new protocol, which allowed the addition of @entity13265 to all nebulized treatments with @entity3045 . Primary outcome measures included: changes in vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, @entity26 saturation), clinical improvement as assessed by paramedics, and admission rates. RESULTS: A total of 371 @entity1 were included (n = 192 @entity3045 alone, n = 179 @entity13265 / @entity3045 ). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with regard to the change in heart rate, respiratory rate, or @entity26 saturation. In addition, there was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 with clinical improvement or deterioration as assessed by paramedics. There was no statistically significant difference in the admission rate from the @entity341 except in the subgroup of @entity1 using a metered-dose inhaler at the time of illness. Of note, more than one-third (133/371) of the @entity1 were ultimately determined to have a diagnosis other than @entity1030 , the majority of whom were diagnosed as having @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity13265 to @entity3045 for the prehospital treatment of @entity1030 does not appear to result in clinical outcome improvements. A substantial number of @entity1 enrolled in the study were diagnosed as having @entity299 .

title: The efficacy of nebulized @entity3045 / XXXX versus @entity3045 alone in the prehospital treatment of suspected @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium', 'Ipratropium bromide', 'ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['reactive airways disease', 'RAD']

answer: @entity13265 :: (MESH:D009241,Chemical) :: ['ipratropium bromide']


abstract: This prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study was performed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of low-dose intrathecal and epidural @entity1286 with paraspinal muscle infiltration of @entity1341 in lumbar discectomy cases. Eighty ASA I-III adult @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity1798 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomized to four groups by envelopes. Study groups were as follows: group 1 (n = 20), intrathecal @entity1286 0.1 mg; group 2 (n = 20), epidural @entity1286 2 mg; group 3 (n = 20), 30 mL of @entity1341 0.25% paraspinal muscle infiltration; group 4 (n = 20), 30 mL of saline paraspinal muscle infiltration before wound closure. Recorded parameters were time to response to @entity158 assessed at 30 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and @entity158 ( @entity158 ). Hemodynamic data, sedation scores, and side effects were also recorded. @entity6882 and naproxen @entity1372 were used for postoperative @entity1337 . Follow-up was performed by a blinded investigator. Mean VAS scores were lower in groups 1 and 2 at 30 minutes (P < 0.05). Mean VAS score of group 2 was lower than that of group 4 at 4 hours postoperatively (P < 0.05). Mean @entity158 scores were lower in groups 1 and 2 at 2, 4, and 6 hours (P < 0.05) and in group 2 at 8 hours compared with the other groups. The number of @entity1 requiring @entity6882 at early postoperative phase (0-6 hours) was less in groups 1 and 2 compared with groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the late postoperative analgesic requirements, after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, low-dose intrathecal and epidural @entity1286 provide lower @entity282 scores and a reduction in early postoperative analgesic requirement with insignificant side effects compared with paraspinal @entity1341 or saline infiltration.

title: Comparison of low-dose intrathecal and epidural XXXX and @entity1341 infiltration for @entity282 control after surgery for @entity1798 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['Meperidine', 'meperidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Numeric Pain Scale', 'painful and verbal stimuli and postoperative pain', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc disease']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we used computed tomography measurements to investigate the feasibility of nasoseptal flap reconstruction of sellar defects in @entity1 , and we reviewed our institutional experience with the procedure. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional and case series. SETTING: Pediatric tertiary care facility. METHODS: We obtained 10 normal maxillofacial scans for each year of age from birth to 18. Computer-assisted nasal and skull-base measurements were performed. @entity1 with incomplete pneumatization were excluded from analysis. Reconstruction was presumed feasible if the ratio of nasoseptal flap length to associated @entity154 length was greater than 1. Chart review identified surgical @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 190 scans, 125 had complete pneumatization. Of these, 120 (96%) displayed a ratio of nasoseptal flap length to @entity154 length greater than 1, suggesting that reconstruction would be feasible. Mean ratio of flap length to defect length for all subjects was 1.47 (SD 0.33; 95% CI, 1.41-1.53). Only 5 of 125 @entity1 (4%) had a ratio less than 1; the median age for these @entity1 was 15 years, which is older than the median age of 12 years for subjects with a ratio greater than 1 (P = .02). An inverse relationship was identified between age and ratio of flap length to defect length (r = -0.49, P < .001). Case series identified 6 @entity1 , ages 5 to 17; flap length was never described as a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Nasoseptal flap length is not a limiting factor for reconstruction of pediatric sellar defects. When compared with older @entity1 , younger @entity1 tend to have greater nasoseptal flap length relative to @entity154 length.

title: Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction of XXXX : A Radiographic Feasibility Study and Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['sellar defect']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Sellar Defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this randomized controlled study was to determine the effects of biofeedback and relaxation on blood @entity413 and HbA1c ( @entity3916 ) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized to either 10 sessions of biofeedback (electromyograph and thermal) and relaxation or 3 sessions of education. All sessions were individual. A total of 39 @entity1 were entered, and 30 completed the 3-month protocol. Average blood @entity413 , @entity3916 , forehead muscle tension, and peripheral skin temperature were assessed, and inventories measuring @entity308 and @entity148 were administered pre-randomization and after completion of treatment/control. RESULTS: Biofeedback and relaxation were associated with significant decreases in average blood @entity413 , @entity3916 , and muscle tension compared with the control group. At 3-month follow-up, the treatment group continued to demonstrate lower blood @entity413 and @entity3916 . Both groups decreased scores on the @entity308 and @entity148 inventories. @entity1 with @entity308 had higher blood @entity413 levels and tended to drop out of the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of biofeedback and relaxation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 for up to 3 months after treatment. Further research is necessary to determine the long-term effects of biofeedback and the effects of mood on @entity1 ' responses to treatment.

title: Biofeedback-assisted relaxation in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared health service use and costs among adults with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and adults with @entity308 , @entity6 , or @entity2023 ( @entity566 ). METHODS: Pharmacy and medical claims data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001, were obtained from a large U.S. managed care plan. @entity1 were divided into one of four mutually exclusive cohorts ( @entity71 , @entity308 , @entity6 , or @entity566 ) on the basis of their diagnosis or prescriptions. Age, gender, comorbid conditions, and type of dominant provider were compared for the four groups. Thereafter, general linear models with post-hoc multiple comparison tests were used to compare health service use and costs by site of service. RESULTS: The study population included 143,561 @entity1 . The four mutually exclusive groups included 58,017 with @entity308 , 45,479 with @entity6 , 33,272 with a @entity566 , and 6,793 had @entity71 . Comorbid mental health conditions occurred with significantly greater frequency among @entity1 with @entity71 and among those with @entity308 than among @entity1 in the other groups. @entity1 with @entity71 and those with @entity308 received care from a mental health provider significantly more often than those with @entity6 or a @entity566 . @entity1 with @entity71 had fewer average outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department visits than @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity6 , and office visit frequency for @entity1 with @entity71 was significantly different from that of @entity1 with a @entity566 . Annual total costs were lowest among @entity1 with a @entity566 ( 2,743), which were not significantly different than the costs for @entity1 with @entity71 ( 3,020). CONCLUSIONS: Adult @entity71 poses an economic burden that is less than that of @entity308 or @entity6 but greater than that of a @entity566 .

title: A comparison of service use and costs among adults with XXXX and adults with other chronic diseases.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergy']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: Noninvasive imaging procedures will be important for stem cell therapy for @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ). Mesoangioblasts regenerate muscle in animal models of @entity3986 . In this study, superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles were used to visualize mesoangioblasts in vivo with MRI. Mesoangioblasts incorporated superparamagnetic @entity1933 without transfection reagents, and cell differentiation was not negatively impacted. A custom-built radiofrequency coil with an adjustable field of view and 14.1 T magnet were used for whole-body MRI of @entity19 . High-resolution images of mesoangioblasts in skeletal and cardiac muscle of Mdx @entity19 were obtained following local delivery. Labeled cells were verified by Prussian blue staining and dystrophin expression, indicating that the wild-type mesoangioblasts survived and differentiated in muscle. @entity68 -labeled cells were detected with MRI in vivo 6 months following intracardiac injection but were determined to be activated macrophages. @entity68 -labeled cells were not detected by MRI following systemic delivery but were present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, visualized by Prussian blue staining. Systemically delivered mesoangioblasts were detected in lungs by @entity19661 staining and DiI but not by MRI in our study. MRI may be useful for short-term tracking of mesoangioblasts delivered locally but not for long-term monitoring or detection after systemic delivery.

title: 14.1 T whole body MRI for detection of mesoangioblast stem cells in a XXXX model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity19661 :: ('MESH:C000170', 'Chemical') :: ['Prussian blue']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: 1. The characteristics have been examined of the high threshold @entity460 channel current in cultured @entity35 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones recorded in the presence of @entity2164 ( @entity3007 gamma S; 200 microM in the patch pipette). This current, termed @entity21927 , GTP gamma S, was slowly activating and showed little inactivation over 100 ms. 2. External application of @entity1928 (10 microM) to elevate internal @entity1919 levels increased the amplitude of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S whereas it had no effect on the control @entity21927 . This @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase (PKI; 25 microM). 3. The @entity1919 -dependent phosphorylation induced enhancement of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S was voltage dependent and either did not occur or was observed only transiently at a holding potential (VH) of -30 mV. The @entity1928 -stimulated enhancement seen at VH -80 mV was lost with a t1/2 of about 1 min when VH was depolarized to -30 mV. Cholera toxin pre-treatment also increased the amplitude of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S at VH -80 mV but not at VH -30 mV. 4. The @entity460 channel antagonist (-)-202-791 (5 microM) increased the amplitude of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S when applied at VH -80 mV, but either not, or only transiently, at VH -30 mV, as previously observed. This 'agonist' effect of (-)-202-791 was prevented by PKI and was occluded by prior enhancement of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S with @entity1928 . (-)-202-791 did not increase @entity1919 levels in DRG neurones. 5. The 'agonist' response of @entity21927 , GTP gamma S to D600 (10 microM) was also occluded by application of @entity1928 (10 microM) in the patch pipette. @entity1928 alone, applied in this manner, increased @entity21927 , GTP gamma S to a similar extent to D600 applied alone. 6. The agonist effect of (+)-202-791 (5 microM) on @entity21927 , GTP gamma S was not prevented by prior enhancement with @entity1928 , nor was it prevented by PKI. 7. In conclusion, internal GTP gamma S activates G proteins which may interact directly with @entity460 channels to influence the kinetics of activation and to reduce steady-state inactivation of the channels. There is also an indirect effect on the generation of second messengers such as @entity1919 . It is likely that @entity1928 enhances @entity21927 , GTP gamma S by increasing activated Gs coupling to adenylyl cyclase and increasing @entity1919 generation. The mechanism of action of (-)-202-791 to enhance @entity21927 , GTP gamma S also involves @entity1919 -dependent phosphorylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ca2+ channel currents in @entity35 sensory neurones: interaction between guanine nucleotides, XXXX and Ca2+ channel ligands.

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)"]

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: Excimer photorefractive keratectomy was performed at three centers on 16 highly myopic eyes (8 diopters [D] or more) and followed up for 6 months. Ablation depths ranged from 137 to 230 microns. The preoperative spherical equivalent of @entity1714 ranged from -8.62 D to -14.50 D (mean +/- SD, -11.57 +/- 1.62 D). Six months after surgery, the mean refraction (spherical equivalent) was -0.90 +/- 2.13 D. Eleven of 16 eyes achieved refractions within 2 D of that attempted. All eight @entity1 at one site were treated with a maximum-beam diameter of 6.0 mm and were corrected to within 2 D of that attempted, and all were 20/40 or better uncorrected. Three of eight eyes at the other two sites were treated with a 5.5- or 5.6-mm maximum-beam diameter, which achieved corrections within 2 D of that attempted. The epithelium healed within 3 to 4 days, and there were no erosions. Mild subepithelial reticular haze, similar to that seen with excimer photorefractive keratectomy for lower @entity1714 , was seen in all @entity1 , with two @entity1 experiencing more significant corneal haze. This peaked at 3 to 6 weeks and then gradually diminished. All but two @entity1 had a return of their best corrected preoperative visual acuity to within one Snellen line at 6 months. This preliminary study shows excimer photorefractive keratectomy to be a promising surgical treatment for @entity1 with higher @entity1714 .

title: Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in XXXX . A multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['high myopia']


abstract: Ninety-four strains of @entity880 bacteria isolated from refrigerated, prepacked meat and meat products were together with 59 reference strains of Brochothrix, @entity14897 , @entity14921 , Pediococcus and Streptococcus phenotypically classified, using 96 unit characters. Data were examined using Simple Matching (SSM) or Jaccard coefficient (SJ), and unweighted pair group algorithm with arithmetic averages. Twenty-three clusters with two or more members were defined at the 84% SSM-similarity level which corresponded to the SJ-similarity level of 61%. Based on SSM, most field strains were included in nine clusters, and with three unsignificant exceptions these contained no reference strains. The field clusters were designated Carnobacterium piscicola (cluster 1; 5% of field isolates), Carnobacterium divergens (cluster 2; 9% of field isolates), @entity14921 (cluster 9; 18% of field isolates) and @entity14897 (cluster 4, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14; together 60% of field isolates). The @entity14897 clusters had many features in common with cluster II of Shaw _ Harding (1984). Phenotypical characteristics of major clusters are given. The SSM and SJ based classifications basically coincided for the field strains; the exception was cluster 4 which now were split in two parts. Fourteen clusters were made up of mainly reference strains (SSM). Most of them included more than one type strain on species level; exceptions were Brochothrix thermosphacta (cluster 3), @entity14897 (cluster 17) and @entity14921 (cluster 18). Several rearrangements were seen amongst the clusters of the reference strains when SJ, instead of SSM, was used for clustering.

title: Numerical taxonomy of psychrotrophic XXXX bacteria from prepacked meat and meat products.

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc', 'Leuconostoc mesenteroides']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity14897 :: ('1624', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus salivarius', 'Lactobacillus']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: The combination of @entity3003 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 (CEB) was evaluated as initial chemotherapy in 76 @entity1 with good-prognosis metastatic @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) between 1984 and 1988. The classification of eligible @entity1 included Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) stages IM, IIA, IIB, IIC, IIIA, IIIB, IV0ABCL1, and IV0ABL2. Four courses of combination chemotherapy were administered in a 21-day cycle, and surgical excision of residual mass was performed in 27 cases (23 laparotomies and four thoracotomies). At the time of analysis, median follow-up was 24 months from start of chemotherapy (range, 6 to 54 months). The 2-year cause-specific survival probability was 98.5%, the single cause-related mortality being caused by @entity1732 @entity55 . Five @entity1 failed CEB chemotherapy, but all have been successfully salvaged with a combination of surgery and intensive chemotherapy, follow-up from completion of all treatment being 35 to 44 months. The @entity137 of CEB included @entity236 and alopecia in all @entity1 but no significant @entity2359 or @entity2167 , and minimal @entity8 . Only four (5%) @entity1 had a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate greater than 15%. In 51% of @entity1 , the hemoglobin fell below 10 g/dL. The WBC count nadir was less than 1,500/microL in 11% of treatment cycles and in 16% the platelet nadir fell below 50,000/microL. Decreases in the WBC and platelet counts were of very brief duration. Only one of 310 CEB cycles was complicated by @entity1398 , and there were no episodes of @entity882 or @entity548 . We conclude that the CEB combination represents an effective alternative to @entity900 -based chemotherapy in good-prognosis @entity10711 and that the replacement of @entity900 by @entity3003 leads to reduced @entity137 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity3003 , @entity2879 , and XXXX combination chemotherapy in good-prognosis metastatic testicular @entity10711 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['NSGCT', 'nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the experience of American Indian communities relative to @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ), @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), and @entity734 . METHODS: A random sample of adult American Indians living on or near the seven Montana reservations were interviewed through an adapted Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey in 2001 (N = 1,006). Victimization from @entity4270 was defined as @entity4270 or sexual assault committed by any @entity1 . Respondents who reported experiencing @entity4270 and who reported that the perpetrator was a current or former spouse, boyfriend, girlfriend, or date were categorized as experiencing @entity1004 . @entity734 was defined as fear for one's safety or being controlled by another individual. RESULTS: Nine, one, and twelve percent of @entity1 reported experiencing @entity4270 , @entity1004 , and @entity734 in the past year, respectively. Five percent of @entity1 reported @entity4270 in the past year, 3% reported @entity1004 , and 18% reported @entity734 . @entity1 who reported @entity4270 in the past year were more likely to be younger and report more days of physical and mental health problems in the past month. @entity1 reporting @entity4270 in the past year were more likely to be younger and have more days with mental health problems in the past month. Few @entity1 (7%) or @entity1 (12%) reported ever being assessed for @entity4270 or safety. CONCLUSIONS: Recent @entity4270 , @entity1004 , and @entity734 are prevalent for both American Indian @entity1 and @entity1 . Strategies to increase screening for @entity4270 and effective interventions for violence are needed.

title: Physical violence, XXXX , and @entity734 among adult American Indian @entity1 and @entity1 in Montana.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional abuse', 'emotional abuse']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['physical violence', 'PV']

answer: @entity1004 :: (MESH:C563733,Disease) :: ['intimate partner violence']


abstract: Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity43 were treated with intensive high-dose, short-course chemotherapy that consisted of @entity900 (120 mg/m2) and @entity632 (70 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for four cycles. @entity1 in complete clinical remission were offered @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ). @entity1 with minimal or no residual disease at @entity1605 were randomized to either @entity786 (1000 mg/m2 every 21 days for six cycles) or whole-abdominal radiation therapy. All @entity1 completed therapy with a median leukocyte nadir 1.3/microliter and platelet nadir of 90/microliters. Forty-five @entity1 (74%) had a complete clinical response. Results of twenty-two of 36 second-look procedures (64%) showed no evidence of disease (NED). After @entity1605 , 19 @entity1 received six courses of @entity786 and 16 @entity1 received whole-abdominal radiation. Nine @entity1 who refused @entity1605 and one @entity1 with negative @entity1605 findings refused additional treatment. The median survival time for all @entity1 was 51.3 months. High-dose intensive chemotherapy regimens have high response rates, but survival needs to be compared with traditional low-dose regimens. Although high-dose @entity900 and @entity632 were myelosuppressive, the resulting complications were manageable. There was no significant difference between the mean survival times of @entity1 receiving Cytoxan, abdominal radiation, or no treatment as second-line therapy.

title: High-dose, short-duration XXXX / @entity632 combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['SLL', 'second-look laparotomy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Palm oil (PO) and interesterified fat (IF) have been used to replace @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), which is rich in trans isomers, in processed foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether normolipidic diets containing @entity1386 , IF, or PO consumed during pregnancy and lactation affect total body adiposity and adipose tissue morphology of adult offspring @entity19 . METHODS: Four groups of female C57BL/6 @entity19 were fed, during pregnancy and lactation, a control diet (control group, CG), a @entity1386 diet (trans group, TG), a PO diet (PG group), or an IF diet (IG group). After weaning (at 21 days), male pups received the control diet for 70 days. Food intake and body weight were monitored in all groups throughout the experimental period. At 3 months of age, @entity19 were sacrificed and the inguinal (IWAT), epididymal (EWAT), retroperitoneal (RPWAT), and mesenteric (MWAT) adipose fat pads were removed and weighed. @entity1386 was quantified by micro computed tomography (micro-CT), and adipocyte areas and cell number were analyzed by histology. RESULTS: PG and IG offspring gained more weight than CG and TG groups (p  <  0.01) during the first 10 weeks after weaning, resulting in higher final body weights (p  <  0.05). IG @entity19 and PG @entity19 had respectively heavier EWAT and IWAT than TG and CG @entity19 . Micro-CT scanning revealed that the total volumes of internal, external, and total fat depots were greater in IG animals, as compared to the other groups. Larger adipocyte areas were observed in EWAT and IWAT in IG and TG, respectively, in comparison to CG and PG @entity19 . PG @entity19 showed increased adipocyte numbers in IWAT. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal intake of IF and/or PO during pregnancy and lactation predisposes the offspring to the development of @entity28 in adult life in @entity19 .

title: Interesterified fat or palm oil as substitutes for @entity1386 in maternal diet can predispose XXXX in adult male offspring.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['PHF', 'Adiposity', 'partially hydrogenated fat']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a critical review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of T2DM in youth. SOURCES OF DATA: This review is based on the relevant literature published. The sources available for the authors were integrated with sources identified through Medline database. The key words used for searching were "Type 2 @entity6 " in the last ten years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The pathophysiology (altered beta-cell function and insulin resistance) of T2DM in youth is similar to the pathophysiology in adults. @entity164 2 @entity6 history, presence of @entity28 , acanthosis nigricans, high fasting plasma C-peptide levels and absence of islet-cell auto-antibodies are important clues to diagnose T2DM in youth. Five to 25% of these @entity1 can present @entity1270 at diagnosis. Insulin therapy can be discontinued during the evolution. Compliance to diet and an exercise program are essential aspects of the treatment of adolescents. CONCLUSION: As @entity28 in the young is currently increasing in several developed or developing countries, T2DM in the youth can be considered a growing problem also in our population.

title: [Type 2 @entity6 in XXXX and adolescents: literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes in the Youth']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Familiar type']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reducing health care costs requires the ability to identify @entity1 most likely to incur high costs. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of the Charlson comorbidity score to predict the individuals who would incur high costs in the subsequent year and to contrast its predictive ability with other commonly used predictors. METHODS: We contrasted the prior year Charlson comorbidity index, costs, @entity3129 ( @entity3129 ) and hospitalization as predictors of subsequent year costs from claims data of fund that provides comprehensive health benefits to a large union of health care workers. Total costs in the subsequent year was the principal outcome. RESULTS: Of the 181,764 predominantly Black and Latino beneficiaries, 70% were adults (mean age 45.7 years; 62% @entity1 ). As the comorbidity index increased, total yearly costs increased significantly (P<.001). At lower comorbidity, the costs were similar across different @entity102 . Using regression to predict total costs, top 5th and 10th percentile of costs, the comorbidity index, prior costs and @entity3129 achieved almost identical explained variance in both adults and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The comorbidity index predicted health costs in the subsequent year, performing as well as prior cost and @entity3129 in identifying those in the top 5% or 10%. The comorbidity index can be used prospectively to identify @entity1 who are likely to incur high costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01761253.

title: The charlson comorbidity index can be used prospectively to identify XXXX who will incur high future costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['DCG', 'Diagnostic Cost Group']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Injecting local anesthetic at the seeking current would be appealing.It would save time and avoid potentially dangerous manipulations of the needle. This study aimed to test the hypotheses that in vertical @entity616 , injecting local anesthetic at a seeking current of 0.8 mA would produce the same quality of block as injecting at  <=0.5mA. A total of sixty ASA I -III adult @entity1 scheduled for elective surgery on the hand, wrist and forearm in two equal groups of 30 @entity1 , were enrolled in this study. The technique described by Kilka _ Geiger used in both groups. After eliciting a clear and visible motor response of all fingers in either extension or flexion, injection was performed at a current of 0.8 mA and  <=0.5 mA in study and control groups respectively. Duration of time to @entity1337 and to anesthesia was evaluated. The mean duration of onset of @entity1337 in radial, median and ulnar nerves in both groups, were similar. The onset of anesthesia took a mean of 13.5 minutes in the control group and 15.6 minutes in study group (P=0.064).   The onset of @entity1337 was 4.2 minutes in the control group and 4.3 minutes in study group. (P=0.508). The success rate in both groups was 100%. We had @entity1 in both groups who developed complete anesthesia of the hand within 25 minutes. We conclude that the injection at 0.8 mA would result in a similar quality of block to one injected at  <=0.5 mA. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant.

title: Vertical XXXX with local anesthetic injections at different currents.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['infraclavicular block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['infraclavicular block']


abstract: POSE: To compare visual, refractive, and safety outcomes among a non-wavefront scanning-slit laser (NIDEK EC-5000) and wavefront-driven lasers (Alcon CustomCornea and VISX CustomVue). METHODS: A retrospective comparison of outcomes for 290 eyes that underwent LASIK for @entity1714 and @entity940 with either a conventional or custom ablation excimer laser system were compared. The preoperative @entity2516 and age of the @entity1 were matched. Outcomes were tested for statistically significant differences among the conventional laser and each of the custom ablation lasers. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Data with 3-month follow-up are reported. RESULTS: Postoperatively, mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent was -0.12+/-0.31 diopters (D) (range: -1.50 to 0.75 D) for the NIDEK group, -0.13+/-0.39 D (range: -1.88 to 0.75 D) for the VISX group, and -0.06+/-0.26 D (range: -0.75 to 0.75 D) for the Alcon group. Eighty-nine percent of eyes in the NIDEK group, 88% of eyes in the VISX group, and 92% of eyes in the Alcon group were within a half-diopter of intended correction. None of the NIDEK and VISX eyes and 3% of @entity735 lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. No statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes studied between conventional and custom ablation treatments were noted (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences were observed in safety, efficacy, or predictability of eyes that underwent conventional ablation with the NIDEK EC-5000 scanning slit laser compared to custom ablation with the VISX CustomVue or Alcon CustomCornea laser systems.

title: A retrospective comparison of LASIK outcomes for XXXX and @entity940 with conventional NIDEK versus wavefront-guided VISX and Alcon platforms.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Alcon eyes']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The characterization of the humoral response in @entity5 @entity1 is becoming a practical alternative to improve early detection. We prepared phage microarrays containing @entity14 cDNA libraries to identify phage-expressed peptides recognized by @entity5 -specific autoantibodies from @entity1 sera. From a total of 1536 printed phages, 128 gave statistically significant values to discriminate @entity5 @entity1 from control samples. From this, 43 peptide sequences were unique following DNA sequencing. Six phages containing homologous sequences to @entity22276 / @entity39915 , @entity19922 , @entity57899 , @entity30599 , @entity21864 , and @entity57900 were selected to build up a predictor panel. A previous study with high-density protein microarrays had identified @entity22276 / @entity39915 as a candidate biomarker. An independent collection of 153 serum samples (50 @entity14 sera and 103 reference samples, including healthy donors and sera from other related pathologies) was used as a validation set to study prediction capability. A combination of four phages and two recombinant proteins, corresponding to @entity39915 and @entity19922 , achieved an area under the curve of 0.86 to correctly discriminate @entity5 from healthy sera. Inclusion of sera from other different @entity5 did not change significantly this value. For early stages (A+B), the corrected area under the curve was 0.786. Moreover, we have demonstrated that @entity39915 and @entity19922 proteins, homologous to phage-peptide sequences, can replace the original phages in the predictor panel, improving their diagnostic accuracy.

title: Identification of @entity39915 / XXXX and @entity19922 proteins as autoantibody targets for the diagnosis of @entity14 by using phage microarrays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity22276 :: (6789,Gene) :: ['STK4']


abstract: CONTEXT: Assessment of tissue microcirculation is one of the important aspects of pathological evaluation in acute @entity788 . Severe @entity63 change sometimes leads to the development of @entity881 and/or infectious complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the angiographic features of acute @entity788 and correlate them with the severity of the disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 : Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity788 who had undergone angiography were retrospectively investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vascular findings and Ranson score. RESULTS: Ischemic changes were found in 18 @entity1 (66.7%); 11 (40.7%) were severe changes. @entity2849 , @entity548 , and staining were seen in 4 (14.8%), 2 (7.4%) and 5 (18.5%) @entity1 , respectively. The rate of severe @entity63 changes was significantly correlated with the Ranson score (P=0.012). Conclusions Angiographic findings are useful for the evaluation of severe acute @entity788 .

title: Angiographic features in acute @entity788 : the severity of abdominal vessel XXXX change reflects the severity of acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: A 13-year-old @entity1 suffered from a @entity11262 . The therapeutic options and the prognosis for this disease are described with respect to the currently known 72 cases in the literature. @entity11262 are rare @entity5 of the bone and soft tissue. The first clinical symptom is a painless swelling of the facial skull. They occur largely in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, preferentially in males. Radiological criteria for the identification of this type of @entity5 include focal ossification areas which are accompanied by non-calcified regions. @entity5 is the therapy of choice. Pre- and postoperative chemotherapy can have a beneficial effect. The final outcome of the disease is difficult to evaluate since late complications (e.g., reoccurrence and/or @entity3 ) appear even after 20 years and only a small number of cases have been reported. At present, the 5-year survival rate is reported to be 54-82% and the 10-year rate 28-56%.

title: [ XXXX of the facial skull].

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas', 'mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the left maxilla']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Complete surgical removal of the tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity11262 :: (MESH:D018211,Disease) :: ['Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paradoxical pressor systolic response to initial antihypertensive monotherapy has been observed in 8% of @entity101 @entity1 . The long-term consequences of this finding are unknown. METHODS: We included 945 @entity101 @entity1 with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) >= 140mm Hg. A 4-week washout period free of antihypertensive drugs was allowed for those already on treatment at entry. Mortality outcomes were ascertained from the National Death Index. Subjects were categorized by SBP response into depressor (>= 10mm Hg fall), nonresponder, and pressor (>= 10mm Hg rise) categories. RESULTS: There were 268 fatalities. Of these, 100 (37%) were from @entity65 ( @entity65 ), of which 70 (70%) were due to @entity453 ( @entity453 ). A pressor response was associated with higher SBP at 1 year compared with the nonresponder or depressor response (141 vs. 136 vs. 136mm Hg). @entity65 mortality was greater in pressors than depressors (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-6.4; P = 0.004], as was @entity453 (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.4-6.8; P < 0.01) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-2.6; P = 0.02), after adjusting for 1-year SBP and other possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS: We found the incidence of a pressor response to monotherapy at 3 months was significantly, specifically, and independently associated with higher subsequent cardiovascular mortality.

title: Pressor Response to Initial Blood Pressure Monotherapy Is Associated With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Mortality']


abstract: The purpose of this review is to present current information from the literature regarding the pathoanatomy, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and outcome assessment methods for @entity1 with @entity2649 . @entity2649 is a frequently encountered condition, particularly in the elderly. Treatment requires an accurate diagnosis, but differential diagnosis of lumbar stenosis can be difficult. The literature to date has focused primarily on surgical treatment. The long-term efficacy of surgery has been questioned, and surgical procedures are associated with increased costs and risks of morbidity in an elderly population. A trial of conservative care is recommended in most cases, but there are presently no randomized controlled studies in the literature comparing surgical versus conservative management, or evaluating the effectiveness of any specific conservative treatment approach. The existing literature has further been criticized for having poorly defined outcome measures. The assessment of treatment outcomes should be multifactorial, including measures of pathoanatomy and impairments, as well as @entity1 -centered measures such as level of disability, @entity1 expectations, and satisfaction. The present level of understanding of @entity2649 is @entity942 , including differential diagnosis, treatment, and outcome assessment. Future research should address these deficits to improve the management of @entity1 with this condition.

title: XXXX : a review of current concepts in evaluation, management, and outcome measurements.

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in many areas']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: The endogenous cannabinoid signalling system, composed of endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endogenous cannabinoids, is much more complex than initially conceptualized. @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ) is the most abundant endocannabinoid and plays a major role in CNS development and synaptic plasticity. Over the past decade, many key players in @entity14512 synthesis and degradation have been identified and characterized. Most @entity14512 is synthesized from membrane phospholipids via sequential activation of a phospholipase Cb and a @entity2366 lipase, although other pathways may contribute in specialized settings. @entity14512 breakdown is more complicated with at least eight different enzymes participating. These enzymes can either degrade @entity14512 into its components, @entity1426 and @entity653 , or transform @entity14512 into highly bioactive signal molecules. The implications of the precise temporal and spatial control of the expression and function of these pleiotropic metabolizing enzymes have only recently come to be appreciated. In this review, we will focus on the primary organization of the synthetic and degradative pathways of @entity14512 and then discuss more recent findings and their implications, with an eye towards the biological and therapeutic implications of manipulating @entity14512 synthesis and metabolism. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6.

title: Parsing the players: XXXX synthesis and degradation in the CNS.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity9394 :: (MESH:C094503,Chemical) :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']


abstract: From a single spontaneous feline @entity189 , two subpopulations of @entity5 cells have been isolated. The variant cells were established as cell lines designated K248C and K248P. DNA ploidy analysis showed that the two cell lines represented cell populations already present in the original @entity5 . Chromosome analysis confirmed the feline origin of K248C and K248P and demonstrated that in addition to unique marker chromosomes characteristic for each cell line, both cell lines had several marker chromosomes in common. These data suggest that the two cell populations arose from a hypothetical single ancestor which diverged during @entity5 progression. The K248C and K248P cell lines differed from one another with respect to their tumorigenicity in athymic @entity19 and @entity12841 content. The K248C cells were highly tumorigenic as indicated by a short latency period and high take rate. The K248P cells were poorly tumorigenic. Southern blot analysis revealed that the K248C cells contained an amplified @entity12841 gene that was accompanied by elevated levels of @entity12841 RNA and protein. The K248C cells were growth inhibited in vitro at EGF concentrations that stimulated growth of K248P cells. The amplification of the @entity12841 gene could be detected only in DNA derived from K248C cells at high passage numbers and not in DNA derived from the original @entity5 and K248C cells at low passage numbers. These data suggest that amplification of the @entity12841 gene occurred during establishment of the K248C cell line.

title: Isolation of two distinct epithelial cell lines from a single feline @entity189 with different tumorigenic potential in XXXX and expressing different levels of epidermal growth factor receptors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor', 'EGF receptor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 is a chronic @entity1892 that follows an indolent course. @entity8778 has in the last decade emerged as the drug of choice for treating @entity1619 . MATERIAL: We report on the long-term follow-up of 26 @entity1 treated from January 1992 to June 1993 with @entity8778 administered subcutaneously. RESULTS: 25 @entity1 were evaluable for response. 21 @entity1 (84%) achieved complete remission, three @entity1 (12%) achieved partial remission, and one @entity1 had no response. At a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 24 @entity1 (92%) were still alive. One @entity1 died from infections four months after treatment, while the other @entity1 died from a @entity320 .4 years after treatment. Relapse assessed by flow cytometry was diagnosed in 95% of the @entity1 . 38% of those in complete and 67% of those in partial remission were treated by a second course of @entity8778 during the follow-up. Retreatment led to normalisation of peripheral blood count in all @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: @entity8778 is not a curative treatment in @entity1619 , but it induces long lasting remission.

title: [Hairy cell leukemia treated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine', 'cladribine']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukaemia', 'Hairy cell leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma 4']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Low serum @entity2313 level is considered a marker of poor health outcome in various medical conditions. A relationship between low @entity2313 levels and poor functional outcome has been found in the elderly, lower @entity2313 predicting a greater functional decline. The objective of this study was to evaluate to what extent admission @entity2313 levels may affect the functional outcome of elderly @entity173 @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective chart review study was conducted in an orthogeriatric unit of a university-affiliated referral hospital. The @entity1 were 449 elderly @entity1 with @entity173 , admitted for a standard rehabilitation course. Functional outcome of @entity1 with normo-albuminemia and hypo-albuminemia was assessed by @entity177 ( @entity177 ) at admission and discharge. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, Chi-square test and Linear Regression. RESULTS: 38.8% of @entity1 were hypoalbuminemic upon admission. These @entity1 were older (p<0.001) and had lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (p=0.003), compared with normo- albuminemic @entity1 . Discharge @entity177 scores were higher in normo-albuminemic compared with hypo-albuminemic @entity1 (total @entity177 86.1+/-23.9 and 77.0+/-26.4, respectively; p<0.001; motor- @entity177 60.0+/-16.3 and 53.4+/-18.0, respectively; p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that total @entity177 at discharge was inversely associated with pre- @entity174 function (beta -0.13; p<0.001). A high MMSE score (beta 0.16; p<0.001), female gender (beta 0.05; p=0.02) and higher admission total @entity177 scores (beta 0.69; p<0.001) emerged as predictors of higher total @entity177 scores upon discharge. @entity2313 levels did not independently predict better total @entity177 scores upon discharge (beta -0.02; p=0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Normo-albuminemic @entity1 present with better admission @entity177 scores and have higher discharge @entity177 scores. After controlling for possible confounders, @entity2313 remains a non-significant predictor of higher discharge @entity177 scores. We suggest that low @entity2313 levels should not be considered as adversely affecting the rehabilitation of elderly @entity173 @entity1 .

title: Admission @entity2313 levels and functional outcome of elderly @entity173 XXXX : is it that important?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measurement']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Currently, standard planning for hepatic resection is based on the schematic description of the functional anatomy of the liver according to Couinaud, and on the evaluation of 2-dimensional computed tomographic imaging of the liver. Recent developments in image-based computer assistance allow @entity1 ' individual functional liver anatomy to be computed from mathematical analysis of standard multidetector computed tomographic scans. An intended resection can be performed virtually under realistic anatomic conditions, and the influence of different resection planes on blood supply and drainage within the remaining liver parenchyma can be calculated by a computer-assisted risk analysis. We evaluated the impact of computer-assisted risk analysis on operation planning for major hepatectomies, in particular on extent of resection or need for vascular reconstruction. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 admitted to the hospital for major hepatectomy, of whom 4 had @entity5 deemed unresectable by both methods. INTERVENTIONS: Two-dimensional computed tomography was used to calculate the volume of the future liver remnant with the intended resection line manually determined, and then the volume of the future liver remnant was calculated again by computer-assisted risk analysis as the remaining liver volume not being devascularized but having both portal venous blood supply and hepatic venous drainage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference between the remaining functional liver volumes calculated by the 2 methods. RESULTS: The deviation between liver volumes determined by 2-dimensional computed tomography and by computer-assisted risk analysis was less than 20% in 14 of 21 @entity1 , between 20% and 30% in 3, between 30% and 40% in 2, and 41% and 43% in 1 @entity1 each. The most extensive deviations were found in extended left hepatectomy or when left hepatectomy was combined with additional wedge resection in the right lobe. In 7 cases, all with a deviation greater than 20%, the results of computer-assisted risk analysis led to a change of operation planning with regard to the extent of resection (n = 3) or the need for vascular reconstruction (n = 4), although in 1 of these cases resection was not performed because of peritoneal @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Image-based computer assistance allows for areas at risk for devascularization or @entity450 to be identified and precisely calculated before resection. In selected cases with small liver remnants, operation planning may be improved substantially by preoperative computer-assisted risk analysis.

title: Impact of XXXX resection and computer-assisted risk analysis on operation planning and intraoperative strategy in major hepatic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['virtual tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite considerable research to uncover them, the anatomic and neuropathologic correlates of @entity2414 in @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) remain unclear. While some studies have implicated @entity1832 in the neocortex, others have pointed to a-synuclein pathology in the hippocampus. We systematically examined hippocampal Lewy pathology and its distribution in hippocampal subfields in 95 clinically and neuropathologically characterized @entity1 cases of @entity1832 , finding that a-synuclein pathology was highest in two hippocampal-related subregions: the @entity7464 subfield and the entorhinal cortex (EC). While the EC had numerous classic somatic @entity1832 , @entity7464 contained mainly Lewy neurites in presumed axon terminals, suggesting the involvement of the EC  >  @entity7464 circuitry in the pathogenesis of @entity1832 symptoms. Clinicopathological correlations with @entity227 supported a role for EC Lewy pathology, but not @entity7464 , in causing these @entity2414 . Lewy pathology in @entity1399 -the main output region for @entity7464 -correlated best with results from memory testing despite a milder pathology. This result indicates that @entity1399 may be more functionally relevant than @entity7464 in the context of @entity2414 in @entity1832 . These correlations remained significant after controlling for several factors, including concurrent @entity195 ( @entity527 and @entity3072 ) and the interval between time of testing and time of @entity204 . Our data suggest that although hippocampal Lewy pathology in @entity1832 is predominant in @entity7464 and EC, memory performance correlates most strongly with @entity1399 burden.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides a detailed neuropathologic analysis of hippocampal Lewy pathology in @entity1 @entity1 with autopsy-confirmed @entity1832 . The approach-informed by regional molecular markers, concurrent @entity195 analysis, and relevant clinical data-helps tease out the relative contribution of Lewy pathology to @entity2414 in the disease. Levels of Lewy pathology were found to be highest in the hippocampal @entity7464 subregion and entorhinal cortex, implicating a potentially overlooked circuit in disease pathogenesis. However, correlation with memory performance was strongest with @entity1399 . This unexpected finding suggests that Lewy pathology must reach a critical burden across hippocampal circuitry to contribute to @entity2414 beyond that related to other factors, notably coexisting @entity195 tau pathology.

title: Hippocampal a-Synuclein in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Contributes to XXXX and Is Consistent with Spread of Pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['measures of verbal and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies', 'dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's pathology"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction', 'memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) by comparing the immunohistochemistry staining of primary and metastatic @entity5 tissues. METHODS: A total of 33 metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) and 33 non-metastatic @entity1358 (nmRCC) @entity1 who were matched as closely as possible based on gender, age, nuclear grade and pathologic T stage were retrospectively investigated. @entity8265 immunohistochemistry staining was performed on @entity982 -embedded @entity5 tissues from both @entity1 groups and on metastatic tissues from mRCC @entity1 . The tissues were scored from 0 to 7 according to the @entity8265 staining. Furthermore, the @entity1 were stratified into two groups using median @entity5 staining score as the cutoff value: Group 1 (high risk, n  =  41) and Group 2(low risk, n  =  22). The clinical, histopathological and survival outcomes were compared between these risk groups using Chi-square test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS: The median @entity8265 score for @entity5 was 5 for the entire study population. The median @entity5 @entity8265 score of the mRCC @entity1 was significantly higher compared to the nmRCC @entity1 (6 vs. 4, p  <  0.001). The @entity8265 score between the primary and metastatic tissues of mRCC @entity1 was not significantly different (6 vs. 7, p  =  0.086). The percentage of metastatic @entity1 was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (68.3 vs. 18.2  %, p  <  0.001). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that 5-year disease-free (34.9 vs. 92.9  %, p  =  0.001) and @entity5 -specific (47.4 vs. 86.5  %, p  =  0.04) survival rates were significantly lower in high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of @entity8265 in @entity5 predicts @entity3 in @entity1358 @entity1 and is also associated with a @entity5 -specific survival outcomes.

title: The increased @entity8265 expression levels during initial tumorigenesis predict increased risk of XXXX and @entity5 -specific survivals in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'decrease in disease-free and cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Several studies suggest a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and tumorigenesis. However, the association between circadian clock genes and prognosis in @entity0 has not been systematically studied. Therefore, we examined the expression of 17 clock components in @entity5 from 766 node-negative @entity0 @entity1 that were untreated in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In addition, their association with @entity3 -free survival (MFS) and correlation to clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Aiming to estimate functionality of the clockwork, we studied clock gene expression relationships by correlation analysis. Higher expression of several clock genes (e.g., CLOCK, @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 , @entity40555 and RORC) was found to be associated with longer MFS in univariate Cox regression analyses (HR<1 and FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Stratification according to molecular subtype revealed prognostic relevance for @entity307 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 and @entity41995 in the ER+/ @entity1722 - subgroup, CLOCK and @entity40555 in the ER-/ @entity1722 - subtype, and @entity58049 in @entity1722 + @entity0 . In the multivariate Cox model, only @entity5395 (HR = 0.66; P = 0.016) and RORC (HR = 0.42; P = 0.003) were found to be associated with survival outcome independent of established clinicopathological parameters. Pairwise correlations between functionally-related clock genes (e.g., @entity5394 - @entity5395 and @entity19344 - @entity5395 ) were stronger in ER+, @entity1722 - and low-grade @entity189 ; whereas, weaker correlation coefficients were observed in ER- and @entity1722 + @entity5 , high-grade @entity5 and @entity5 that progressed to metastatic disease. In conclusion, loss of clock genes is associated with worse prognosis in @entity0 . Coordinated co-expression of clock genes, indicative of a functional circadian clock, is maintained in ER+, @entity1722 -, low grade and non-metastasizing @entity5 but is compromised in more @entity146 .

title: Loss of circadian clock gene expression is associated with @entity5 progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized trials comparing stenting with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery in @entity1 with isolated proximal left anterior descending lesions have shown a significantly higher reintervention rate for stenting and similar results for mortality and reinfarction at short-term follow-up. Long-term follow-up data are sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with isolated proximal left anterior descending @entity850 were randomized to either surgery (n=110) or bare-metal stenting (n=110). At 5 years, follow-up data were obtained with respect to the primary end point of death, reinfarction, or repeated target vessel revascularization. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the @entity65 ( @entity65 ) classification. Follow-up information was completed for 216 @entity1 (98.2%), and mean follow-up was 5.6+/-1.2 years. With respect to mortality (surgery, 12%; stenting, 10%; P=0.54) and reinfarctions (surgery, 7%; stenting, 5%; P=0.46), there were no differences between treatment strategies. The need for repeated target vessel revascularization was significantly higher after stenting (32%) compared with surgery (10%; P<0.001). Clinical symptoms improved significantly in both treatment groups compared with baseline; however, there was a favorable trend for surgery (stenting: @entity65 , 2.6+/-0.9 to 0.5+/-0.8, P<0.001; surgery: @entity65 , 2.6+/-0.9 to 0.3+/-0.6, P<0.001; P=0.05, stenting versus surgery). CONCLUSIONS: At the 5-year follow-up, minimally invasive bypass surgery and bare-metal stenting showed similar results for the end points of mortality and reinfarctions. However, the reintervention rate is higher after stenting, and the relief in clinical symptoms is slightly better after surgery.

title: Comparison of bare-metal stenting with minimally invasive bypass surgery for XXXX of the left anterior descending coronary artery: a 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CCS', 'Canadian Cardiovascular Society']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Treating @entity3 has been challenging due to @entity5 complexity and heterogeneity. This complexity is partly related to the crosstalk between @entity5 and its microenvironment. Endothelial cells -the building blocks of @entity5 vasculature- have been shown to have additional roles in @entity5 progression than angiogenesis and supplying @entity26 and nutrients. Here, we show an alternative role for endothelial cells in supporting @entity0 growth and spreading independent of their vascular functions. Using endothelial cells and @entity0 cell lines MDA-MB231 and MCF-7, we developed co-culture systems to study the influence of @entity5 endothelium on @entity0 development by both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Our results demonstrated that endothelial cells conferred survival advantage to @entity5 cells under complete starvation and enriched the @entity1759 HighCD24Low/- stem cell population in @entity5 cells. Moreover, endothelial cells enhanced the pro-metastatic potential of @entity0 cells. The in vitro and in vivo results concordantly confirmed a role for endothelial @entity127 to promote @entity0 through notch activation. Here, we propose a role for endothelial cells in enhancing @entity0 progression, @entity3308 , and pro-metastatic traits through a perfusion-independent manner. Our findings may be beneficial in developing novel therapeutic approaches.

title: Endothelial cells provide a notch-dependent pro-tumoral niche for enhancing XXXX survival, @entity3308 and pro-metastatic properties.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']