abstract: Purpose To determine the efficacy and morbidity of @entity544 laser vaporization of intestinal metastases of @entity43 . @entity1 and methods Following maximum surgical cytoreduction, 20 @entity1 were treated with laser vaporization of serosal and mesenteric metastases with a @entity544 hand-held laser at a median wattage of 25 watts using a super-pulse mode. The maximum diameter of intestinal metastases ranged from 1 mm to 2 cm and the number ranged from 1 to> 100 implants. These @entity1 were compared with 20 matched controls. Results Median laser time was 7 min and no @entity1 experienced @entity548 > 15 ml. Eighteen @entity1 (90%) had no gross @entity66 following laser vaporization compared to five (25%) of the controls (P = 0.0001). Nineteen @entity1 (95%) had no gross intestinal @entity66 following laser vaporization compared to eight (40%) of the controls (P = 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity86 , wound @entity281 or febrile morbidity between the groups. No @entity1 in either group developed @entity1744 , perforation, @entity292 , @entity298 or @entity733 . Conclusion @entity544 laser vaporization of intestinal metastases of @entity43 represents intensive cytoreduction which results in superior debulking and does not appear to increase postoperative morbidity.

title: @entity544 laser vaporization of intestinal metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity32747 ( @entity32747 ) results from mutations in the @entity19787 or @entity13999 gene. We analyzed the genotype and phenotype of 17 unrelated Chinese @entity1 with @entity32747 . Clinical data were reviewed. All coding exons of @entity19787 and @entity13999 genes were PCR-amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA. We identified pathologic mutations in all @entity1 , giving a mutation detection rate of 100%, with 82% in @entity19787 gene and 18% in @entity13999 gene. Sixteen novel mutations in @entity19787 gene and four novel mutations in @entity13999 gene were identified. Furthermore, a previously reported in-frame deletion mutation ( @entity52193 ) in exon 1 of the @entity19787 gene was found in four @entity1 in our study. A single @entity52193 mutation in @entity19787 seems to result in mild or no renal manifestations, whereas the homozygous state of @entity52193 in @entity19787 gene or compound heterozygous mutation of @entity52193 plus another nonsense or frameshift mutation in @entity19787 gene seems to result severe @entity32747 with @entity393 . Half of the probands' parents had @entity811 with or without mild @entity644 . Therefore, we recommend that @entity32747 be considered when a @entity1 has a positive family history of @entity811 , and screening for @entity19787 mutations firstly may be an efficient strategy for molecular diagnosis of @entity32747 .

title: Genotype-phenotype correlations in 17 Chinese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity32747 :: ('MESH:C536587', 'Disease') :: ['ARAS', 'Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome']

answer: @entity32747 :: (MESH:C536587,Disease) :: ['autosomal recessive Alport syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1653 surgery, the completeness of resection is of great importance with regard to prognosis and recurrence. This is more difficult in @entity1653 en plaque and @entity14535 , which often involve the bone of the cranial base. We present a case in which radioguided resection of a @entity1653 using @entity4343 -labeled @entity1943 receptors enhanced the extent of the resection and describe how this could be of potential use in maximizing resection of @entity1653 involving the cranial base region. METHODS: A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of @entity10 and no @entity51 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a large enhancing extra-axial mass involving the left sphenoid wing region, suggestive of a @entity1653 . A @entity1943 analog scintigram using In-labeled @entity13098 was obtained 24 hours preoperatively. This showed abnormal uptake in the left frontal region, consistent with a @entity1653 , because of the abundance and high affinity of @entity1943 receptors in @entity1653 . Intraoperatively, a radiation detection probe guided the resection until no gamma radiation could be discerned. RESULTS: A postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan and scintigram showed complete resection of the @entity1653 . CONCLUSION: Radioguided surgery of @entity1653 by labeling them with In is an innovative and feasible approach to help guide and maximize @entity1653 resection, especially those involving the cranial base region. This technique should be used further and studied to achieve better resection of @entity1653 in general and of those involving the cranial base in particular.

title: Radioguided improved resection of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14535 :: ('MESH:C565666', 'Disease') :: ['cranial base meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['pentetreotide']

answer: @entity14535 :: (MESH:C565666,Disease) :: ['cranial base meningioma']


abstract: Sipid mediators of @entity32 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity796 (PA) related @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity1577 . We studied the role of these mediators in a @entity35 model of PA endobronchitis using essential @entity844 deficient (EFAD) animals. Whole blood from EFAD animals produced significantly less leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and @entity53554 when stimulated ex vivo than did whole blood from control animals (p less than 0.005). Similarly, lung lavage fluid from EFAD animals infected with PA contained less LTB4 and @entity7489 (TXB2) than that from control animals. Despite these differences, cellular infiltration of airways in response to @entity2782 was virtually identical in animals from the regular diet and the EFAD groups. Both EFAD and control animals had a significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) in lung lavage fluid at 1, 3 and 6 days following @entity281 with PA when compared to animals receiving sterile beads. Localized areas of consolidation and nodularity were grossly evident in the lungs of all PA infected animals irrespective of their ability to generate the lipid inflammatory mediators. Microscopic examination of lung sections demonstrated similar changes in all infected animals. We conclude that LTB4 and TXB2 production occurs early in the course of PA @entity358 in @entity35 . This early rise in lipid mediators is temporally associated with an influx of WBC into the airways. However, attenuation of @entity9610 production by use of an EFAD diet does not lead to a reduction in the inflammatory response to @entity2782 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reduction of XXXX production by essential @entity844 depletion does not attenuate the inflammatory response induced by @entity796 pneumonia in @entity35 lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['PA infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity53554 :: ('MESH:C008033', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity9610 :: (CHEBI:23899,Chemical) :: ['eicosanoid']


abstract: Eleven previously nonoperated @entity1 with suspected @entity4611 were scanned on a 1.5-T GE system before and after administration of IV @entity2287 - @entity12306 (0.1 mmol/kg). Six @entity1 had @entity4923 , four had @entity4089 , and one had @entity2012 . Surgical confirmation was available in all cases, and these findings were correlated with results of CT and venous sampling, when available. The normal pituitary gland, infundibulum, and cavernous sinuses enhance immediately after the administration of @entity7241 , allowing contrast between the enhancing normal glandular tissue and low-intensity microadenomas. Contrast-enhanced MR detected a lesion not seen on the unenhanced images in two @entity1 with @entity4923 and in one @entity1 with @entity4089 . @entity5 delineation was improved with @entity2287 administration in two additional cases. In six @entity1 , administration of @entity2287 did not significantly alter the precontrast interpretation. @entity652 were found at surgery in all 11 @entity1 . The @entity5 was correctly localized on MR in four of the six @entity1 with @entity4923 , resulting in an accuracy of 66.7%. In another @entity1 , although a focal lesion was detected on MR, location of the @entity652 at surgery was discrepant with the MR findings and was therefore considered a false-positive study. In the single false-negative examination, both pre- and postcontrast MR failed to detect a surgically confirmed microadenoma suspected on both contrast-enhanced CT and venous sampling. Correct localization of the @entity652 was achieved in all of the five non-Cushing @entity1 , yielding an accuracy of 100%. Immediate T1-weighted coronal scans were most useful in detecting intrasellar disease. Delayed scans obtained 30 min after injection did not improve the differentiation of pituitary gland from microadenoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -enhanced MR imaging of pituitary adenomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenomas']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity7241 :: (MESH:D019786,Chemical) :: ['Gd-DTPA']


abstract: We compared the @entity1 's response to laryngeal mask (LM) insertion and hemodynamics among three anesthesia induction methods; P group using 2.5 mg.kg-1 @entity1875 with 0.2 microgram.kg-1 @entity3575 , M group using 0.2 mg.kg-1 @entity1363 with 0.2 microgram. kg-1 @entity3575 , B group using 5 mg.kg-1 thiopental with 0.2 microgram.kg-1 @entity3575 . Each 30 @entity1 , 35 to 65 years, for elective mastectomy were entered in three groups. Preanesthetic medication was i.m. injection of 0.5 mg @entity3897 and 5 mg @entity1363 30 min before the induction. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of each dose of P, M or B in 20 sec followed by @entity3575 . When verbal response disappeared, a laryngeal mask was inserted. The number of @entity1 with difficult insertion or showing body movement or gagging were larger in the order of M group > B group > P group. Blood pressure and heart rate in the P group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups. It was concluded that P allowed the most smooth insertion of LM among the three groups, but it also induced @entity551 and @entity1168 .

title: [Anesthesia induction for laryngeal mask insertion--comparison of @entity1875 with XXXX and @entity1875 with thiopental].

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: @entity1904 (PCT) has proven to be a very sensitive marker of @entity295 for @entity3257 @entity1 . Little is known about its relevance in immunosuppressed and leucopenic adults. Four hundred and seventy-five PCT determinations were carried out in 73 haematological @entity1 : on 221 occasions the white blood cell (WBC) count was < 1.0 x 10(9)/l and on 239 occasions it was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l leucocytes. @entity1 were classified as: non-systemic infected controls (n = 280), @entity1 with @entity582 (n = 32), @entity295 (n = 30), severe @entity295 (n = 3), @entity326 (n = 3) and @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) (n = 62). When the WBC count was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, gram-negative bacteria induced higher PCT levels (median 9.4 ng/ml) than gram-positives (median 1.4 ng/ml). In cases with a WBC < 1.0 x 10(9)/l, PCT levels were similar for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (1.1 ng/ml versus 0.85 ng/ml). Regardless of the leucocyte count, the median PCT level in @entity582 cases always remained < 0.5 ng/ml. In heavily leucopenic situations, PCT levels were never > 2 ng/ml even in the @entity295 and severe @entity295 / @entity326 groups, whereas a WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l resulted in median PCT values of 4.1 ng/ml and 45 ng/ml respectively. The positive predictive value for @entity295 (cut-off 2 ng/ml) was 93% in cases of WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, but only 66% in @entity558 . The negative predictive value (cut-off 0.5 ng/ml) was 90% when the WBC count was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l and 63% in @entity558 . @entity1904 is an excellent @entity295 marker with a high positive- and negative-predictive value in @entity1 with WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, but it does not work satisfactorily below this leucocyte count.

title: XXXX -reduced sensitivity and specificity in heavily leucopenic and immunosuppressed @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenic conditions']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-leucopenic']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on @entity530 after mesorectal excision for @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all @entity1 who underwent curative mesorectal excision for @entity5 during an eight-year period. Demographic, preoperative, perioperative data were collected. @entity530 was defined as clinical or radiographically demonstrable leak or a pelvic abscess. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation included 5,040 Gy in conjunction with three cycles of @entity1487 -based chemotherapy, followed by a one-month waiting period. RESULTS: From January 1994 to December 2002, 246 @entity1 (151 males; mean age 68 (range, 36-97) years) underwent curative resection for @entity5 . Procedures included 186 anterior resections, 52 abdominoperineal resections, and 8 Hartmann's. Of 60 @entity1 (24.4 percent) who had neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 9 (15 percent) developed @entity530 (3 leaks, 6 abscesses) compared with 9 of 186 (4.8 percent) after primary surgery (6 leaks, 3 abscesses; P < 0.01). Ninety-three @entity1 had an @entity254 <or=6 cm from the anal verge. Of these, 9 @entity1 (9.7 percent) developed @entity530 (5 leaks, 4 abscesses): 5 of 28 (17.9 percent) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation vs. 4 of 65 (6.2 percent) after primary surgery (P = 0.22). Only 6 of 93 @entity1 (6.5 percent) with an @entity254 >or=7 cm developed @entity530 (5 leaks and 1 abscess), of whom 1 had preoperative radiation. @entity530 developed in 3 of 24 @entity1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and abdominoperineal resection. After primary abdominoperineal resection, none of the remaining 28 @entity1 developed @entity530 . A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine predictors of @entity295 . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was the only variable that was predictive (odds ratio, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3-9). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of neoadjuvant chemoradiation to mesorectal excision significantly increased the rate of @entity530 . This was particularly true for anastomoses in the lower third of the rectum. Fecal diversion should be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation increases the risk of @entity530 after radical excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic abscess', 'Pelvic sepsis', 'pelvic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: True ileal @entity376 digestibilities were determined using the @entity25450 (HA) method in casein-, @entity2247 -, canola meal-, and @entity2247 -canola meal-based diets fed to growing @entity1707 . Four Yorkshire barrows (25 to 49 kg BW) equipped with ileal T-cannulas were fed one of the diets according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. All diets, except for the @entity2247 diet, were formulated to be similar in DE:CP ratio. Ileal digesta were collected continuously for 24 h on d 7 and 9 of each experimental period for determining apparent and true ileal digestibilities, respectively. True ileal @entity376 digestibility and endogenous flows were determined by feeding diets in which 50% of the protein-containing ingredients was guanidinated; the conversion of @entity376 to HA allows for direct determination of true @entity376 digestibilities. The apparent ileal CP and @entity535 digestibilities were higher (P < .05) in the casein diet than in the @entity2247 , canola meal, and @entity2247 -canola meal diets. The CP digestibility was higher (P < .05) in the @entity2247 -canola meal diet than in the @entity2247 and canola meal diets. Endogenous @entity376 losses were influenced by diet (P < .05) and ranged between 586 and 1,429 mg/kg DM intake. True ileal @entity376 digestibilities in @entity2247 , canola meal, and @entity2247 -canola meal diets were similar (P > .05) and lower (P < .05) than in the casein diet. The true ileal @entity535 digestibilities were estimated for other @entity1522 . Unlike apparent digestibilities, true digestibilities seemed additive in the @entity2247 -canola meal mixture.

title: Estimating endogenous @entity535 flows at the terminal ileum and true ileal @entity535 digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing XXXX using the homoarginine method.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity25450 :: ('CHEBI:27747', 'Chemical') :: ['homoarginine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cryopreserved homograft valves have been used for acute infective @entity2333 with great success but it is compounded by its availability in all sizes. The long-term clinical results of geometric mismatched homografts are not well defined and addressed. METHODS: Over a 15-year period (April 1986-June 2001), 816 @entity1 presented with active @entity884 . One hundred and eighty-two of the @entity1 aged between 9 and 78 years (mean: 51.0 +/- 1.13 years) consisting of 142 males and 40 females received homograft aortic valves. One hundred and ten @entity1 were in NYHA functional class III and 72 in class IV and in @entity1455 . Of the @entity1 , 2.7% suffered from @entity887 . One hundred and twenty-four (68.1%) @entity1 presented with @entity733 and 58 (31.9%) with no abscess while 107 native valve (NVE) and 75 prosthetic valve (PVE) @entity884 were diagnosed preoperatively by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and confirmed intraoperatively. Freehand subcoronary implantation (FSCI) was used in 106 @entity1 and root replacement in 76 @entity1 . RESULTS: The operative death was 8.5% and for @entity1 in NYHA functional class IV and in @entity1455 was 14.5%. Late mortality rate was 7.9%. @entity1 survival after discharge from hospital at 1 year was 97% and at 10 years was 91%, respectively. Thirty-one (22.1%) @entity1 underwent reoperation after 1.7 years (mean) with two deaths (6.4%). Early (< or = 60 days) and late reinfection rate was 2.7 and 3.6%, respectively. Freedom from reoperation for matched and undersized homografts at 10-13 years was 85 and 55%, respectively. The univariate model identified undersized homograft (P=0.002), FSCI (P=0.09) and reinfection (P=0.0001) as independent risk factors for developing early and late @entity340 resulting in reoperation and homograft explant. CONCLUSION: Early aggressive valve replacement with homograft for active infective @entity2333 with @entity733 is more successful than delayed last resort surgery. Homografts exhibit excellent clinical performance and durability with a low rate of reinfection, if properly inserted. Undersized homograft is an incremental risk factor for early and late reoperation.

title: Surgical management of acute XXXX with viable homograft: 13-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['septic embolism']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['periannular abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic root endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Critical assessment of diagnostic accuracy is indispensable to resident training and medical education, especially in regard to our situation of the extremely low rate of autopsy. Recent setup of advanced technology for neurological diagnosis has resulted in a tendency to overuse these tools at the expense of using classic bedside diagnostic approach. Disclosing the common errors of daily practices among neurological residents necessitates implementing this pioneer study. METHODS: The tentative diagnosis of each @entity1 , as performed by neurological residents after finishing bedside diagnostic processes, was assessed by final diagnosis concluded from clinical syndrome and/or the results of laboratory studies. The overall rate of diagnostic error and the frequency of diagnostic inaccuracy in various disease entities were evaluated. The reason for the diagnostic error was determined by reviewing the records regarding the entire diagnostic process. RESULTS: 1336 consecutive @entity1 from January 1990 to December 1990 were recruited for this study. The initial bedside diagnosis was correct in 901 (67%) @entity1 . No definite final diagnosis could be obtained in 169 (13%) @entity1 . The diagnoses were incorrect in 266 (20%) @entity1 . The highest rate of inaccuracy was found in the diagnosis of @entity3439 (56%). The other common diseases of high rate of diagnostic inaccuracy were @entity1737 (50%), @entity510 (42%), @entity5011 (40%), @entity74 (39%), @entity890 (33%), @entity9555 (30%), @entity4767 (30%), @entity1313 (24%), drug @entity1445 or intoxication (22%), and mixed @entity16 (21%). The explored reasons for diagnostic inaccuracy were errors of reasoning (38%), inadequate data base (35%), and inadequate fund of knowledge (27%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the basic methods of bedside diagnosis with a standardized sequence of history taking, physical examination and diagnostic reasoning are currently still the most fundamental process of achieving an accurate diagnosis in @entity16 . No shortcut or mechanical substitute is available for clinical diagnosis.

title: Bedside diagnosis for neurological residents in XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection of central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and metabolic encephalopathy', 'neurological emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniation of intervertebral disc']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological emergencies']


abstract: The 42-kDa fragment of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(42)) is a leading candidate for the development of a vaccine to control @entity311 . We previously reported a method for the production of @entity3965 MSP-1(42) (PvMSP-1(42)) as a soluble protein (S. Dutta, L. W. Ware, A. Barbosa, C. F. Ockenhouse, and D. E. Lanar, Infect. Immun. 69:5464-5470, 2001). We report here a process to manufacture the same PvMSP-1(42) protein but as an insoluble inclusion body-derived protein which was then refolded in vitro. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the soluble and refolded forms of PvMSP-1(42) protein by using a heterologous but closely related P. cynomolgi- @entity2608 challenge model. As comparative controls we also expressed, purified, and immunized rhesus with the soluble and refolded forms of the P. cynomolgi MSP-1(42) (PcMSP-1(42)) proteins. All proteins induced equally high-titer, cross-reacting antibodies. Upon challenge with P. cynomolgi, none of the MSP-1(42)-vaccinated groups demonstrated sterile protection or a delay in the prepatent period. However, following an @entity1613 in @entity5895 , all MSP-1-vaccinated animals had significantly lower parasite burdens as indicated by lower cumulative @entity5895 , @entity5895 , @entity5895 , and lower average daily @entity5895 compared to the adjuvant control group (P < 0.05). Except the soluble PcMSP-1(42) group, monkeys in all other groups had fewer numbers of days with @entity5895 of >10,000 parasites mm(-3). Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the level of partial protection observed in the homologous and heterologous groups in this challenge model. The soluble and refolded forms of PcMSP-1(42) and PvMSP-1(42) proteins also appeared to have a similar partially protective effect.

title: Merozoite surface protein 1 of XXXX induces a protective response against @entity3965 cynomolgi challenge in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'lower secondary peak parasitemia', 'lower peak parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial rise']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: Combined modality therapy with the goal of effecting cure and achieving organ preservation has become the standard oncological approach in many @entity5 . Although radical cystectomy has been considered the standard treatment for invasive @entity150 , equivalent results have been achieved using combined modality treatment in selected @entity1 , particularly those with T2 and T3a disease without obstructed ureters. Effective combined modality treatment consists of three treatment modalities: (1) transurethral resection of the @entity150 (TURBT), followed by concurrent (2) chemotherapy, and (3) radiation. Following induction therapy, histologic response is evaluated by cystoscopy and biopsy. Clinical complete responders continue with concurrent chemotherapy and irradiation. Those @entity1 not achieving a clinical complete response are advised to undergo cystectomy. Individually the local monotherapies of radiation, TURBT, or systemic chemotherapy each achieve a local control rate of 20% to 40%. When they are combined, complete response rates of 70-80% are achieved and 85% of these will remain free of invasive recurrence in the bladder. Bladder preservation trials using combined modality treatment approaches with selection for organ conservation by response to initial treatment report an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and they have achieved a 40% to 45% 5-year survival rate with the bladder intact. Modern multi-modality bladder preservation approaches offer survival rates similar to radical cystectomy, for @entity1 of similar clinical stage and age, and an improved quality of life by allowing a majority of @entity1 to retain their own fully functional bladder. Bladder conservation therapy may be offered to selected @entity1 with @entity150 as one alternative to radical cystectomy, and its use should be by experienced multi-modality teams of urologic oncologists.

title: Treatment strategies using transurethral surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy with selection that safely allows bladder conservation for invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Local recurrence occurs frequently at the site of injury after surgical resection. On the other hand, fibroblasts have been shown to accumulate in the injured area to heal and remodel the damaged tissues. Therefore, fibroblasts are likely to be useful as wound-specific vectors for delivery of genes to sites of @entity3816 . The present study was performed to investigate wound-specific migration of exogenously administered fibroblasts and efficacy of gene therapy using genetically engineered fibroblasts in an i.p. wound recurrence model in @entity35 . We demonstrated that fibroblasts transfected with the GFP gene accumulated specifically around the site of injury immediately after i.p. injection. Then, fibroblasts transfected with an adenovirus designated as AdFex that encoded the soluble form of Flt-1 (sFlt-1), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, were administered i.p. to the @entity35 to examine inhibition of @entity5 growth. At day 16 after implantation, a significantly smaller @entity5 volume and less microvessel density in wound sites were observed in the AdFex/fibroblast-treated @entity35 than in controls. Furthermore, this treatment also resulted in an improved survival rate. In conclusion, autologous fibroblasts show promise as a wound-specific vector for gene therapy, and administration of sFlt-1 gene-engineered fibroblasts contributed to local control of the @entity5 around the injured tissue.

title: sFlt-1 gene-transfected fibroblasts: a wound-specific gene therapy inhibits XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgically injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['local cancer']


abstract: Prior to 1975 @entity1 with @entity1252 were generally not considered candidates for renal transplantation because of concern that immune complex deposition would rapidly destroy the allograft. However, recent evidence suggests that good @entity1 and graft survival rates can be achieved comparable to other @entity8 . Between September 23, 1963 and July 31, 1990, 1070 renal transplants were performed at Washington University Medical Center (WUMC). During this period, 14 @entity1 with @entity1252 (12 female and 2 male) received 16 renal transplants (7 living-related donor [LRD], 1 living-unrelated donor [LURD], and 8 cadaver [CAD]). The mean age at the time of the first transplant was 32.5 +/- 10.3 years. The duration of disease prior to transplant was 88.0 +/- 45.9 months and the duration of hemodialysis prior to transplant was 36.0 +/- 33.7 months. Of these @entity1 , 7/14 (50%) had negative and 3/14 (21%) positive @entity1252 serology pre- and post-transplant, 3/14 (21%) had negative serology pretransplant that became positive posttransplant, @entity676 (2%) was positive pretransplant and became seronegative posttransplant. @entity1 survival was 92.8% (13/14), and of the 16 kidneys transplanted 62.5% (10/16) are still functioning with a mean follow-up period of 43.7 +/- 45 months. The current mean serum @entity1011 was 1.4 +/- 0.26 mg/dl. One noncompliant @entity1 developed recurrent @entity1988 bringing the total number of cases reported in the literature to seven. The present study demonstrates that @entity1 with @entity1252 can be transplanted with excellent @entity1 and graft survival and function and a low rate of recurrent @entity1988 . From a review of the literature, there appears to be an association between positive @entity1252 serology pre- and posttransplant and recurrent @entity1988 .

title: XXXX and recurrent @entity1988 . A single-center experience and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Absorbable mesh slings can prevent radiation-induced @entity130 when adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy is given in the early postoperative period. We hypothesized that the mesh sling technique is similarly effective during "sandwich" sequence adjuvant chemoradiation. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary care comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : Nonrandomized series of 19 consecutive @entity1 who underwent abdominoperineal resection and received postoperative sandwich sequence chemoradiation at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, between January 1994 and September 1999. INTERVENTIONS: Twelve @entity1 had an absorbable mesh sling placed at the completion of abdominoperineal resection. Seven @entity1 did not have an absorbable mesh sling placed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiotherapy dose and @entity344 effects. RESULTS: All 12 @entity1 in the "mesh" group were able to receive full-dose radiotherapy with @entity5 bed boost (total dose, 54 Gy, 11 @entity1 ; 59.4 Gy, 1 @entity1 ). Only 3 of 7 @entity1 in the "no mesh" group were able to receive a @entity5 bed boost (total dose, 46.8 Gy, 1 @entity1 ; 50.4 Gy, 3 @entity1 ; 54 Gy, 3 @entity1 ). Acute @entity344 effects were minimal in the mesh group (grade 1, 10 @entity1 ; grade 2, 2 @entity1 ) compared with the no mesh group (grade 2, 6 @entity1 ; grade 3, 1 @entity1 ). None of the @entity1 in the mesh group have shown evidence of late @entity344 effects. One @entity1 in the no mesh group required surgery for complications of @entity102 . CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of an absorbable mesh sling extend beyond the life expectancy of the mesh itself. Sandwich sequence chemoradiation should not preclude the use of the mesh sling technique.

title: Absorbable mesh sling prevents radiation-induced XXXX during "sandwich" chemoradiation for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['bowel injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) is suggested as a mediator involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone, blood flow, and secretory function of the genitourinary tract and originates from different @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) isoforms located in endothelial, neuronal, and epithelial structures. The aim of the present study was to determine the location of endothelial and neuronal @entity3623 in the @entity1 prostate. METHODS: Histochemical @entity1110 -diaphorase ( @entity1110 -d) staining, ultrastructural @entity1110 examination, and @entity3623 immunohistochemistry were performed on histologically verified nonmalignant prostate tissue from normal nonobstructive and hyperplastic obstructive @entity1 prostates. RESULTS: In the prostatic tissue, @entity1110 -d staining and immunohistochemistry with bNOS antibody revealed the existence of a dense nitrinergic innervation of glandular epithelium, @entity4267 , and blood vessels. @entity1110 -d reaction in glandular epithelium was not confirmed by @entity9554 or bNOS immunohistochemistry. In @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), the nitrinergic innervation is reduced. The vascular distribution of @entity9554 provides evidence for a segmental differentiation of the NO-mediated vascular regulation. CONCLUSIONS: NO plays an important role in the autonomic innervation of all compartments of prostatic tissue. In obstructive @entity1067 , the nitrinergic innervation is reduced compared to that in normal prostate tissue. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the complex role of NO in the prostate.

title: Distribution of @entity842 synthase implies a regulation of circulation, smooth muscle tone, and secretory function in the @entity1 prostate by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular stroma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 undergoing endorectal advancement flap repair for perianal @entity30 relative to the primary site of intestinal @entity30 . From January 1991 to December 1995, 31 consecutive endorectal advancement flap repairs were performed in 26 @entity1 . The results relative to surgical outcomes, length of hospitalization, and recurrence were analyzed. The mean @entity1 age was 40.2 years (range, 16-70). Type of @entity292 included: rectovaginal: 20 (64.5%), @entity292 in ano: 8 (25.8%), rectourethral: 1 (3.2%) and others: 2 (6.5%). The mean length of follow-up was 17.3 (range 3-60) months. The mean length of hospitalization was 3.7 (range 2-5) days. A temporary diverting stoma was created in 6 @entity1 with a 66.7% (4/6) surgical success rate. Twenty-one of the 26 @entity1 had previous procedures consisting of 12 (38.7%) bowel resections, 6 (19.4%) seton placements, 4 (12.9%) drainages, and 6 (19.4%) diverting ileostomies. Eleven @entity1 had multiple procedures. Ultimately, @entity292 were eradicated in 22 (71%) cases, including 15 (75%) of the 20 with @entity3622 and 7 (63.6%) of the 11 with other @entity292 . There was no mortality; morbidity included a flap retraction in 1 @entity1 , who required antibiotics for 5 days and @entity548 in 1 @entity1 , who required reoperation. Success was noted in 2 of 8 (25%) @entity1 with small bowel @entity30 as compared to 20 of 23 (87%) @entity1 without small bowel @entity30 (P < 0.05). Endorectal advancement flap is an effective surgical modality for the treatment of @entity292 due to perianal @entity30 but is less apt to succeed in @entity1 with concomitant small bowel @entity30 .

title: Endorectal advancement flap in perianal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The incidence and severity of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) as affected by @entity270 prophylaxis at pharmacologic serum levels (5 mg/dl) were evaluated in a double-masked clinical trial of @entity1 with a birth weight less than or equal to 2000 gm or a gestational age less than or equal to 36 weeks. The @entity1 were enrolled by age 5 days and randomly assigned to receive parenterally administered, and later orally administered, free @entity1881 ( @entity270 ) or its placebo. Study medication was continued until retinal vascularization was complete or active @entity989 had subsided, except in @entity1 with a diagnosis of severe disease, in whom @entity270 was substituted for study medication. Acute @entity989 data were collected on 755 @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis, with control for immaturity, @entity26 exposure, and other illness risk factors, showed a decrease in incidence of @entity989 in @entity270 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.003, all @entity1 ; p = 0.035, @entity1 weighing less than or equal to 1500 gm at birth). Among the 424 @entity1 weighing less than or equal to 1500 gm at birth, the age at enrollment influenced treatment effect (age day 0 to 1, p = 0.006 (n = 288) vs age day 2 to 5, p greater than 0.1 (n = 136]. Overall, 77.6% of @entity1 with @entity989 had mild disease. Moderate to severe @entity989 was confined to @entity1 weighing greater than or equal to 1500 gm at birth (25 given placebo, 25 given @entity270 ), with progression to severe disease in nine placebo-treated versus three @entity270 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.048). The incidence of severe @entity989 per se was not significantly decreased (all birth weights, p = 0.086; less than or equal to 1500 gm birth weight, p = 0.080); the sample size was too small, however, to assess this end point adequately. An increased incidence of @entity295 and late-onset @entity3166 was found among @entity270 -treated @entity1 weighing less than or equal to 1500 gm at birth who received study medication for greater than or equal to 8 days (p = 0.006). Because most @entity989 is mild in degree and regresses completely, the risk/benefit ratio of pharmacologic prophylaxis for @entity989 is unfavorable. Treatment of moderate and severe @entity989 with @entity270 above physiologic serum levels (greater than 3 mg/dl) appears promising and should be further investigated. The interpretation of cicatricial outcome was confounded by the small number of @entity1 involved and by subsequent treatment of severe @entity989 in placebo-treated @entity1 with @entity270 .

title: Effect of sustained pharmacologic @entity270 levels on incidence and severity of XXXX : a controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of unenhanced low-dose multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) with those of contrast material-enhanced standard-dose multi-detector row CT in @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. One hundred ten consecutive @entity1 (40 @entity1 , 70 @entity1 ; age range, 30-82 years; mean, 57 years) suspected of having @entity697 underwent unenhanced multi-detector row CT with 4 x 2.5-mm collimation, 120 kVp, and 30 effective mAs, as well as contrast-enhanced standard-dose multi-detector row CT with the same parameters but with 120 mAs. All scans were independently read by four readers. Intra- and interobserver agreements were calculated with the kappa statistic. Contrast-enhanced standard-dose scans read by three other experts and considered together with results from colonoscopy, surgery, and pathologic evaluation were used as reference. Differences in sensitivity and specificity between readers, radiation doses, and reading sessions were investigated. Pearson exact test and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: @entity12127 was present in 39 @entity1 (34%) and was graded as mild in 22 @entity1 (56%) and severe in 17 (44%). Agreement within and between readers was good to excellent. No significant difference was observed in sensitivity (P ranging from .081 to >.99) or in specificity (P ranging from .326 to >.99) for any sign or overall diagnosis between radiation doses by all readers, except wall thickening, which for one reader had a higher specificity at low dose than at standard dose (P = .025). No significant difference in misclassification was detected between doses, regardless of the reader (P ranging from .481 to >.99). At both doses, the most predictive sign for @entity697 was retroperitoneal fat stranding (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Low-dose unenhanced multi-detector row CT has a diagnostic performance similar to that of contrast-enhanced standard-dose multi-detector row CT in @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 .

title: Suspected acute XXXX : imaging with low-dose unenhanced multi-detector row CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['Colon diverticulitis']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['colon diverticulitis']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity3918 were subjected to various tests for intestinal absorption. A varying number of @entity1 were subjected to the various tests. In one @entity1 (of altogether 11 @entity1 ) a pathological @entity904 absorption test was found together with increased faecal excretion of fat and @entity1568 . Two of 12 @entity1 showed pathological @entity6122 tests. The reason for this may possibly be deficient urine collection. Schilling tests were on the whole normal. @entity413 tolerance tests were pathological in 26 of 35 @entity1 . The following pathological findings were made: elevated fasting blood sugar, elevated peak level, delayed return to pretest level, biphasic response and reduced increment in blood @entity413 levels following loading. The biphasic response seems to be a rather characteristic finding in @entity3918 . The peak concentration was in all except one case reached within 15-60 minutes. Intravenous @entity413 loading gave normal response curves. The pathological response on oral loading was probably often caused by intestinal motility disturbances and not by malabsorption. Malabsorption seems to be a rare feature of @entity3918 .

title: Intestinal absorption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information on neuropsychological and @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity261 ( @entity261 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess neuropsychological and @entity51 in @entity261 and its associated factors in a cross-sectional design. METHOD: Neuropsychological functions were assessed in 62 @entity1 with @entity261 and 70 controls using a battery of cognitive tests. Neurological assessment included extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs. Assessment of intracranial @entity730 and volume of @entity15206 ( @entity15206 ) were made on computed tomography and of @entity460 control by averaging serum total @entity460 values available during the follow-up. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion of @entity1 with @entity261 showed @entity409 than controls (32.3 (95% CI: 20.9-45.3) vs 5.7% (95% CI: 1.6-14.0), P<0.001). Neurological signs were present in 35.5% @entity1 (extrapyramidal: 16.1%; cerebellar: 20.9%). Volume of @entity15206 and number of sites with intracranial calcifications including cerebellum/dentate were comparable in @entity1 with and without neuropsychological, extrapyramidal or @entity76 . @entity73 score was lower by 1.7 points in males than in females (P=0.02) and increased by 0.21 and 5.5 for each year increase in the duration of illness (P=0.001) and one unit increase in serum @entity460 - @entity3151 product (P=0.01) respectively. The scores improved by 0.27 for every mg% increase in serum @entity460 (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity409 are present in up to one-third of @entity1 with @entity261 and correlate with duration of illness, female gender, serum @entity460 and @entity460 - @entity3151 product during follow-up but not with intracranial @entity730 . These dysfunctions may affect their daily functions, safety and drug compliance.

title: @entity409 in @entity261 and its relationship with intracranial @entity730 and serum total XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological dysfunctions', 'neuropsychological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'idiopathic hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia calcification', 'BGC']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The effect of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) on @entity1398 , infection, and cytotoxic chemotherapy administration was studied in a randomized trial in @entity1 receiving intensive weekly chemotherapy for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Eighty @entity1 (aged 16 to 71 years) with high-grade @entity1893 (Kiel) of any stage were randomized to receive VAPEC-B chemotherapy alone (39 @entity1 ) or with @entity1261 administered as a daily subcutaneous dose of 230 micrograms/m2 (41 @entity1 ). Prophylactic @entity3102 and @entity799 were administered to all @entity1 throughout treatment. The protocol specified identical dose modification and antibiotic treatment criteria bor both groups. @entity1398 (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 15 of 41 (37%) of the @entity1261 -treated @entity1 and in 33 of 39 (85%) of the controls, giving a relative risk for control @entity1 of 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], [1.51, 3.54]; P = .00001). Fever (greater than or equal to 37.5 degrees C) with @entity1398 (ANC less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 9 of 41 (22%) of the @entity1261 group and in 17 of 39 (44%) of the controls (relative risk for control, 2.26; 95% CI [1.01, 5.06]; P = .04). There were fewer treatment delays, with shorter duration (P = .01) in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 . Chemotherapy doses were reduced in 4 of 41 (10%) of the @entity1261 @entity1 and 13 of 39 (33%) of the controls (P = .01). The dose intensity of cytotoxic chemotherapy was significantly increased in @entity1 receiving @entity1261 (median of 95% in @entity1261 group compared with 83% in control @entity1 ). Three @entity204 occurred in the @entity1261 group. Delays in the control group most commonly resulted from @entity1398 (19 @entity1 , compared with 2 @entity1 in the @entity1261 -treated group, P = .000007). Severe @entity33 was the major dose-limiting @entity137 in @entity1261 -treated @entity1 , but did not occur more frequently than in controls (15 @entity1 in each group). Overall, @entity1 randomized to receive @entity1261 achieved a greater dose intensity than control @entity1 , but this did not result in significant differences in drug @entity137 (other than @entity1398 ), intravenous antibiotic usage, or hospitalization between the two groups.

title: @entity1261 to prevent dose-limiting XXXX in @entity1893 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular deaths']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of surgical intervention for acute @entity5327 following major cardiac surgery were analysed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Retrospective investigation. Setting. University Hospital of Hannover Medical School. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (five @entity1 and six @entity1 ) amongst a total of 90 @entity1 operated from 1972 to 1993 because of an acute @entity63 . This subgroup represented 12%. The causes of @entity63 were @entity1416 in 55% and nonocclusive disease in 45%. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical intervention comprised embolectomy in one @entity1 (9%), bowel resection in 36% and exploratory laparotomy only in 55%. MEASURES: Hospital mortality, causes of @entity204 and long term survival were analysed. RESULTS: The inhospital mortality of the 11 @entity1 was 91% and only one female @entity1 with @entity1416 survived after bowel resection. In the 79 @entity1 without previous cardiac surgery the postoperative mortality of @entity5327 was significantly (p<0.001) lower with 62%. CONCLUSIONS: Following cardiac surgery mesenteric infarction is a rare complication with an incidence of 0.06% and the chance of survival is minimal. Whenever @entity697 occurs after cardiac surgery, the differential diagnosis should include @entity5327 . Only an immediate surgical intervention with revascularisation and/or removal of gangrenous bowel segments may eventually improve the @entity1 's prognosis.

title: Acute XXXX following cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: Objectives. To determine the severity of @entity64 and mortality in relation to the type of disturbance of consciousness and outcome of @entity1 with @entity1662 . @entity1 and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 201 @entity1 . Assessment of @entity1662 is performed by Glasgow @entity772 Scale (Teasdale and Jennet, 1974) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (Anonymous, 2000). The severity of @entity64 was determined by National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (Lyden et al., 2011). Results. Fifty-four @entity1 had @entity1662 (26.9%). @entity1 with @entity1662 on admission (P < 0.001) and discharge (P = 0.003) had a more severe @entity64 than @entity1 without @entity1662 . Mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1662 (P = 0.0001), and there was no difference in mortality in relation to the type of disturbance of consciousness. There is no statistically significant effect of specific predictors of survival in @entity1 with @entity1662 . Conclusion. @entity1 with @entity1662 have a more severe @entity64 and higher mortality. There is no difference in mortality and severity of @entity64 between @entity1 with quantitative and qualitative @entity1662 . There is no statistically significant effect of specific predictors of survival in @entity1 with @entity1662 .

title: XXXX and @entity1662 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of consciousness', 'disturbances of consciousness']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity189 cells frequently coexpress transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and its receptor, the @entity470 , implicating an autocrine function of @entity189 -derived @entity7790 . Using a monoclonal antibody (425) to the EGF-receptor, we investigated the role of exogenous and @entity5 cell-derived EGF/ @entity7790 mitogenic activities in proliferation of cell lines derived from solid @entity5 . Monoclonal antibody 425 was chosen for these studies because it inhibits binding of EGF/ @entity7790 to the EGF-receptor and effectively blocks activation of the EGF-receptor by EGF/ @entity7790 . Seven malignant cell lines originating from @entity189 of @entity0 , and bladder expressed surface EGF-receptor and secreted @entity24449 -like mitogenic activities into their tissue culture media. All cell lines were maintained in a defined medium free of exogenous EGF/ @entity7790 . EGF and @entity7790 added to the culture medium stimulated proliferation of five cell lines to comparable levels. EGF/ @entity7790 -dependent proliferation was significantly reduced by addition of MAb 425 to culture media. In addition, monoclonal antibody 425 reduced proliferation of the five EGF/ @entity7790 responsive cell lines in the absence of exogenous EGF/ @entity7790 . Antiproliferative effects induced by monoclonal antibody 425 were reversible and could be overcome by addition of EGF to culture media. Our results indicate that @entity5 -derived EGF-receptor-reactive mitogens can promote proliferation of @entity189 cells in an autocrine fashion.

title: Monoclonal antibody 425 inhibits growth stimulation of @entity189 cells by exogenous EGF and XXXX -derived @entity24449 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colon, pancreas, breast, squamous epithelia']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on the changes in idioventricular rate induced by occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in anesthetized @entity235 . BACKGROUND: Because sinus rate usually exceeds idioventricular rate, the experimental induction of complete @entity713 may improve the definition of the effects of @entity1563 and reperfusion on idioventricular pacemaker mechanisms. METHODS: We injected @entity406 into the AV node to induce complete AV block in 35 @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity235 . Animals were assigned to untreated (n = 22), @entity3159 -treated (n = 6) and @entity1169 -treated (n = 7) groups. We paced the hearts at 120 beats/min during a 20- to 60-min period of complete @entity1563 , but we did not pace the heart during reperfusion. RESULTS: In the untreated group, the idioventricular rate did not change significantly during coronary artery occlusions of 20 or 40 min, but it did increase significantly during the last 20 min of a 60-min occlusion. @entity3159 and @entity1169 each attenuated but did not abolish this rate increase. The idioventricular rate increased markedly but transiently soon after reperfusion in all untreated animals. This @entity591 was virtually abolished by either @entity3159 or @entity1169 . CONCLUSIONS: The increase in idioventricular rate that develops during the last 20 min of a 60-min @entity1563 is modulated but probably not mediated by adrenergic mechanisms. The pronounced @entity1165 after reperfusion is virtually abolished by either alpha 1- or beta-adrenergic antagonists. Hence, this @entity591 requires the simultaneous activation of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in @entity235 .

title: Effects of XXXX and reperfusion on the idioventricular rate in anesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin', 'Prazosin']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: Optical and electrical recording techniques were applied to single primary pituitary cells to characterize the types of voltage-dependent @entity460 currents (ICa) and levels of intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i). GH-containing somatotrophs and PRL-containing lactotrophs were isolated from adult female @entity35 using fluorescence-activated cell-sorting techniques and were maintained in culture for 1-4 days. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made to analyze the ICa, and [ @entity141 ]i was measured with @entity593 . Cell type was verified after each recording by indirect immunocytochemistry. GH and PRL cells could be divided into two groups: silent and spontaneously active. Silent cells had stable membrane potentials and stable levels of [ @entity141 ]i. Spontaneously active cells exhibited spontaneous action potentials and large fluctuations in [ @entity141 ]i. Two types of ICa were found: a low threshold, transient current which was insensitive to the @entity7236 -Bay 5417 (the negative isomer of @entity9898 ), and a high threshold, sustained current which was enhanced by -Bay 5417. Both types of ICa were present in PRL and GH cells, but each cell type differed quantitatively in the proportion of each current type. While the GH cells had a more prominent, low threshold, transient ICa, the PRL cells had a more prominent, high threshold, sustained ICa. The enhancement of ICa by -Bay 5417 was greater in the PRL cells, which have a larger @entity7236 -sensitive ICa. Parallel @entity593 measurements showed an increase in [ @entity141 ]i in response to 50 mM @entity4338 and -Bay 5417 for both lactotrophs and somatotrophs.

title: @entity460 currents and XXXX signals in fluorescence-activated cell sorted lactotrophs and somatotrophs of @entity35 anterior pituitary.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity593 :: (MESH:D016257,Chemical) :: ['fura-2']


abstract: Apoptosis is a type of cell death that occurs during morphogenesis and development of the immune system. One of the mechanisms is mediated through the Fas and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) pathway. To determine the possible involvement of Fas and its ligand in salivary gland destruction, we analysed the appearance of nuclei with DNA fragmentation by using nick end labelling (TUNEL) and the expression of Fas and @entity12 by immunohistochemistry in labial salivary glands. Furthermore, we compared the features of apoptosis in labial salivary glands between @entity2662 - and @entity2662 + @entity244 . When the frozen sections of 10 primary @entity244 @entity1 in the absence of anti-HTLV-I antibody were examined, several apoptotic cells were found in the acinar and ductal epithelial cells as well as infiltrated mononuclear cells. Both Fas and @entity12 were detected in the infiltrated mononuclear cells. Acinar epithelial cells, which are surrounded by @entity12 + mononuclear cells, were also double-positive with Fas and @entity12 , although the expression of @entity12 was localized at their apical border, suggesting that apoptosis of mononuclear cells was achieved by activation-induced mechanisms through Fas/ @entity12 pathways, and that of acinar epithelial cells was mediated by @entity12 derived from either acinar epithelial cells themselves or infiltrated mononuclear cells. Interestingly, Fas expression in ductal epithelial cells was localized around the lumen side of the ducts, indicating that @entity12 secreted from acinar epithelial cells may induce Fas-mediated apoptosis of ductal epithelial cells. We also studied the labial salivary glands from nine @entity244 patients with anti-HTLV-I antibodies. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of apoptotic cells or in the expression of Fas and @entity12 between @entity2662 + and @entity2662 - @entity244 @entity1 . It was of note that neither the expression of Fas and @entity12 nor the presence of apoptotic cells were determined in labial salivary glands from subjects without @entity244 . These findings indicate that Fas-mediated apoptosis in salivary glands could be involved in the pathological manifestations of @entity244 , irrespective of @entity2662 seropositivity.

title: Apoptosis in labial salivary glands from Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) @entity1 : comparison with @entity1 T lymphotropic virus-I ( @entity2662 )-seronegative and -seropositive @entity244 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Elevated inducible @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) activity has been found in 60 per cent of colon @entity652 and 20 to 50 per cent of @entity420 . We postulated that high levels of @entity3623 may increase the invasive and metastatic potential of @entity694 and could be indicative of survival potential. Data were reviewed for 52 @entity1 with @entity14 diagnosed in 1991 and 1992. Specimens were stained for @entity3623 and catalogued as low-activity staining (LAS) or high-activity staining (HAS) on the basis of visual evaluation by three pathologists. Thirty @entity1 were LAS and 22 HAS. Age, sex, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity5 and nodal status, and American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging were not different between groups. Forty-six per cent of the HAS group remained alive after 5 years versus 71 per cent in the LAS group. Survival was significantly lower and metastatic status significantly higher in the HAS group. Results indicated that @entity3623 activity may be a prognostic indicator of long-term survival potential after treatment for @entity694 . In addition results suggested that @entity3 was greater in @entity694 specimens that maintain an activated @entity3623 and that these cells clinically react more aggressively. Conclusions are tempered by the fact that results were based on a limited sample size.

title: @entity842 synthase as a marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: Inflammation exacerbates a number of deleterious effects on the heart, most notable being @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). A promoter polymorphism of the @entity2451 gene (encodes @entity2451 subunit) results in lower protein levels of @entity2451 subunits, which in its dimmer ( @entity2451 ) form has anti-inflammatory effects. The active NFkB transcription factor promotes the expression of over 150 target genes including @entity650 and @entity310 . Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the association of @entity2451 , @entity650 and @entity310 gene polymorphisms with @entity1002 in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study included a total of 830 subjects (600 @entity453 @entity1 and 230 controls) and was carried out in two (primary and replication) cohorts. @entity453 @entity1 with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF  <=45%) were categorized having @entity1002 . The @entity2451 @entity52007 ( @entity15074 ), @entity650 @entity8996 ( @entity15147 ) and @entity310 @entity15646 ( @entity40610 ) polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR/ARMS-PCR methods. The results of the primary cohort were validated in a replicative cohort and pooled by meta-analysis using Fisher's and Mantel-Haenszel test. The analysis showed that @entity2451 ATTG/ATTG genotype was significantly associated with @entity1002 (Fisher's method p-value=0.007, Mantel-Haenszel OR=2.34), LV end diastole (p-value=0.013), end systole (p-value=0.011) dimensions, LV mass (p-value=0.024), mean LVEF (p-value=0.001) and @entity583 (p-value=0.043). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that @entity2451 -94 ATTG ins/del polymorphism plays significant role in conferring susceptibility of @entity1002 and ATTG/ATTG genotype may modulate risk of @entity712 by increasing ventricular remodeling and worsening LV function.

title: Role of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) susceptibility in @entity453 ( XXXX ) @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity52007 :: ('c|DEL|-94|ATTG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['-94 ATTG ins/del']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['CAD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Control of @entity548 in @entity1 with active @entity548 from @entity397 of the aortic arch is difficult, because of the location of the @entity548 and the impossibility of cross-clamping the aorta without interfering with cerebral perfusion. A precise and @entity514 plan of management helped us salvage some @entity1 and prompted us to review our experience. METHODS: Six @entity1 with active @entity548 of the aortic arch in the mediastinum and @entity2294 (5 @entity1 ) or left @entity1143 (1 @entity1 ), treated between 1992 and 1996, were reviewed. Bleeding was reduced by keeping the mediastinum under local tension (3 @entity1 ) or by applying compression on the @entity548 site (2 @entity1 ), or both (1 @entity1 ) while circulatory support, retransfusion of aspirated blood, and @entity2332 were established. The diseased aortic arch was replaced during deep hypothermic @entity1167 , which ranged from 25 to 40 minutes. In 3 @entity1 , the brain was further protected by retrograde (2 @entity1 ) or antegrade (1 @entity1 ) cerebral perfusion. RESULTS: @entity548 from the aortic arch was controlled in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 died postoperatively, one of @entity1576 and the other of @entity1661 . Recovery of neurologic function was assessed and complete in all @entity1 . The 4 survivors are well 8 to 49 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: An approach relying on local tamponade to reduce @entity548 , rapid establishment of circulatory support and @entity2332 , retransfusion of aspirated blood, and @entity514 repair of the aortic arch under @entity1167 allows salvage of @entity1 with active @entity548 from an aortic arch @entity397 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX from @entity397 of the aortic arch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial cavity']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: We have reviewed the surgical management of essential @entity9663 over the last 15 years, comparing the results from @entity2123 with those from orbicularis muscle stripping. After @entity2123 50% of @entity1 remained free of troublesome @entity2473 for 15 months after surgery, but only 25% remained so for more than two years. Following orbicularis oculi myectomy 50% of @entity1 were free of troublesome @entity2473 for 30 months after surgery and 55% of @entity1 had relief from @entity2473 for more than two years. Secondary effects of the two procedures are compared and are found to be fewer after orbicularis myectomy. There were no major complications after either form of surgery. Botulinum toxin is the treatment of first choice for this condition. If this becomes ineffective or inconvenient, surgical treatment is warranted and should not be deferred for fear of severe side effects of treatment, since these are rare. Protractor myectomy gives longer relief from @entity9663 than @entity2123 and has fewer complications. However, it is technically difficult, time consuming, and has greater peroperative morbidity. @entity2123 may therefore still have a role in selected @entity1 .

title: Surgical management of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve avulsion', 'Facial nerve avulsion']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: @entity9229 is a potent D2 receptor agonist with a half-life of 65 hours that may provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation administered once daily. In this study, we randomized de novo @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 to treatment with increasing doses of @entity9229 (0.25 to 4 mg/d) or levodopa (100 to 600 mg/d) up to the optimal or maximum tolerated dose. Decreases of > 30% in motor disability (Unified @entity191 Rating Scale Factor III) versus baseline were considered indicative of clinical improvement. If 30% improvement was not achieved, levodopa/ @entity11412 could be added on an open basis. Of the 208 @entity1 entered in the @entity9229 group, 175 remained in the study for 1 year at a mean dose of 2.8 mg/d; in the levodopa group, 176 of the 205 @entity1 entered were still on study after 1 year at a mean dose of 468 mg/d. The proportion of @entity1 requiring additional levodopa/carbidopa increased in the @entity9229 group from 18% at 6 months to 38% at 1 year versus 10% (p = 0.05) at 6 months and 18% (p < 0.01) at 1 year in the levodopa group. The proportion of @entity1 showing clinical improvement did not differ significantly between the two groups, or between the subgroups on monotherapy, at any endpoint. Irrespective of levodopa/carbidopa addition, 81% of @entity1 in the @entity9229 group and 87% of @entity1 in the levodopa group were clinically improved at 1 year (p = 0.189); the corresponding figures for the subgroup on monotherapy were 79% in the @entity9229 -treated @entity1 and 86% in the levodopa-treated @entity1 (p = 0.199). The mean difference versus baseline in Unified @entity191 Rating Scale Factor III scores in @entity1 who remained on monotherapy up to 1 year was 12.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.8, 14.3) in the @entity9229 group and 16.4 (95% CI: 14.8, 18.0) in the levodopa group. Adverse events occurred in 76% of @entity1 on @entity9229 and in 66% of @entity1 on levodopa. The severity profile for reported events was similar for the two agents. The results of this study indicate that @entity9229 treatment for up to 1 year is only marginally less effective than levodopa in the proportion of @entity1 who can be treated in monotherapy. More than 60% of de novo @entity191 @entity1 could be managed on @entity9229 alone up to 1 year. In the @entity1 in whom levodopa/carbidopa was needed, the combination therapy provided efficacy similar to that obtained with levodopa alone, with a relevant sparing of levodopa.

title: XXXX in the treatment of early @entity191 : results of the first year of treatment in a double-blind comparison of @entity9229 and levodopa. The PKDS009 Collaborative Study Group.

entities_list: @entity11412 :: ('MESH:D002230', 'Chemical') :: ['carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity9229 :: (MESH:C047047,Chemical) :: ['Cabergoline']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 who suffered from intestinal perforation after @entity1661 . Perioperatively, he was treated with a single dose of @entity3400 and 9 doses of @entity2892 / @entity9234 over 3 days. The @entity1 was discharged 5 days after surgery in good clinical condition and with normal liver values except for a marginal elevation of @entity493 aminotransferase. Two weeks after discharge, he developed @entity1295 , @entity221 and @entity111 , necessitating rehospitalization. He was @entity1087 and had elevated alkaline phosphatase and transaminases. After exclusion of an intra-abdominal fluid collection, a @entity455 , and @entity409 , a liver biopsy was performed. The biopsy revealed centrizonal bilirubinostasis, a portal infiltrate rich in eosinophils and @entity255 . Lymphocyte transformation tests for @entity3400 and @entity2892 / @entity9234 were positive, suggesting an immunological mechanism for the observed hepatopathy. Cholestasis gradually decreased but was detectable for several weeks. The @entity1 had a full clinical and biochemical recovery after 3 months. We conclude that short-term therapy with @entity3400 , @entity2892 / @entity9234 or the combination of these drugs can lead to the same type of hepatopathy as described for @entity115 / @entity798 or antistaphylococcal penicillins. Liver biopsy and positive lymphocyte transformation are compatible with an immunological mechanism.

title: Cholangiopathy after short-term administration of XXXX and @entity2892 / @entity9234 .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular problem']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['infectious or autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prognosis of refractory or relapsed pediatric @entity5 is very poor, and there is no standard treatment for this condition. The combination of @entity2600 and @entity2903 has proved useful in adults as a second-line treatment of different @entity5 . In pediatric @entity1 , this combination has been effective in @entity2828 , @entity521 , and relapsed or refractory @entity980 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 32 pediatric @entity1 with refractory or relapsed @entity5 , who were treated with @entity2600 and @entity2903 in the Oncology Department at @entity1 's Hospital Ni  o Jesus from September 2005 to June 2012. The clinical characteristics, treatment performed, @entity137 and outcome, were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 received a total of 180 cycles. Of the 30 evaluable @entity1 , 10 (33%) had a positive response (2 complete remission and 8 partial remission), and in 8 (27%) the disease remained stable. Almost all (94%) of the @entity1 achieved a response in the first four cycles. Of the 180 cycles analyzed, only 50 (28%) had @entity137 , and of these only 15 (8%) were grade iii-iv. The most common @entity137 was @entity294 appearing in 18 @entity1 . All @entity1 received ambulatory treatment, except three of them who required hospitalization due to symptoms of their underlying disease. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity2600 and @entity2903 is well tolerated and active against pediatric refractory or relapsed @entity5 .

title: [ @entity2600 plus XXXX in refractory or relapsed pediatric @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: For @entity1 with clinically node-positive @entity5 treated with radiotherapy, planned neck dissection is controversial. We investigated whether neck surgery after radiation reduces nodal recurrence. Between 1970 and 1995, 263 @entity1 at Massachusetts General Hospital received radiotherapy for clinically node-positive base of @entity5772 . @entity1 received three different types of treatment: neck surgery followed by radiation (SR)-50 @entity1 ; @entity1161 ( @entity1161 )-160 @entity1 ; and radiation followed by surgery ( @entity9712 )-53 @entity1 . Median @entity1 follow-up was 28 months. SR @entity1 have an 84% complete response (CR) rate, @entity1161 @entity1 76%, and @entity9712 @entity1 13%. In multivariate analysis, among @entity1 with a CR, the three treatment groups have the same regional control rates. Among @entity1 with an incomplete response, the @entity9712 treatment group is 67% (p < 0.01) and 86% (p < 0.01) less likely to have recurrence than the @entity1161 and SR groups, respectively. Neck dissection after radiation therapy improves regional control for @entity1 without a complete clinical response to radiation therapy but not for those with a CR. Despite higher CR rates, neck dissection before radiation confers no regional control benefit. We therefore recommend that primary radiotherapy with neck dissection be reserved for those without a complete clinical response.

title: Role of neck surgery in conjunction with radiation in regional control of node-positive XXXX of the oropharynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharynx cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation alone', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue or tonsil carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A palpable breast mass is one of the most common presenting features of @entity0 . However, the clinical features are frequently nonspecific. Imaging performed before biopsy is helpful in characterizing the nature of the mass. For @entity1 with clinically detected breast masses, the vast majority will require evaluation with ultrasound. Diagnostic mammography is the initial imaging modality of choice for @entity1 aged >=  40 years; ultrasound is typically necessary unless a definitively benign mass is identified as the etiology of the clinical finding. For evaluating @entity1 aged <30 years and @entity1 who are pregnant or lactating, ultrasound is used for initial evaluation. For @entity1 aged 30 to 39 years, either ultrasound or diagnostic mammography may be used for initial evaluation. MRI is rarely indicated to evaluate a clinically detected finding. Biopsy is indicated for masses with suspicious features. Short-term follow-up is a reasonable alternative to biopsy for solid masses with probably benign features suggesting @entity1557 . Correlation between imaging and the clinical finding is essential. The @entity12169 Appropriateness Criteria(  ) are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.

title: XXXX appropriateness criteria palpable breast masses.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity12169 :: (49,Gene) :: ['ACR']


abstract: Galanin is a peptide widely distributed throughout vertebrate central and peripheral nervous systems. Although its precise physiologic role is unknown, it can stimulate the pituitary secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. We examined the control of @entity35 galanin ( @entity7777 ) gene expression in the anterior pituitary using RNA blot and in situ hybridization analyses and using specific RIA. Pituitaries of normal male and ovariectomized female @entity35 contained little detectable @entity7777 mRNA. Treatment of these animals with @entity53 increased pituitary @entity7777 mRNA up to 4000-fold. These increases depended on time and dose of @entity172 administration and correlated with up to 50-fold increases in pituitary galanin-like immunoreactivity. Galanin-like immunoreactivity was detectable in the plasma of @entity172 -treated animals. Pituitary levels of @entity7777 mRNA in female @entity35 varied greater than 30-fold during the estrous cycle, with a peak on estrus and a nadir on diestrus. @entity172 -induced @entity7777 gene expression was also observed in transplantable MtTW15 prolactin- and growth hormone-containing @entity5 but not in neuronal tissues expressing this gene. These data demonstrate that @entity7777 is a secreted product of @entity35 anterior pituitary cells, where its gene expression is strongly affected by physiologic levels of circulating @entity172 .

title: Galanin is an @entity172 -inducible, secretory product of the XXXX anterior pituitary.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity344 are common, accounting for up to 50% of gastroenterology referrals, and several randomized controlled trials have evaluated antidepressant therapy for their treatment. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of published, English-language, randomized clinical trials on the use of antidepressants for the treatment of @entity1 with functional @entity344 . RESULTS: Twelve randomized placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant treatment of functional @entity344 were identified. One was excluded for using a combination of a tricyclic and neuroleptic agent. The medications included tricyclic antidepressants ( @entity3659 [n = 3], @entity8991 [n = 1], @entity5829 [n = 2], @entity11886 [n = 1], and @entity20364 [n = 2]), and the antiserotonin agent, @entity5079 (n = 2). In addition, one trial compared two different antidepressants ( @entity5079 and @entity8991 ) with placebo. Data were abstracted for the dichotomous outcome of symptom improvement in seven studies, and for the continuous variable of @entity158 score in eight studies. The summary odds ratio for improvement with antidepressant therapy was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3 to 7.9), and the average standardized mean improvement in @entity158 was equal to 0.9 SD units (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2 SD units). On average 3.2 @entity1 needed to be treated (95% CI: 2.1 to 6.5 @entity1 ) to improve 1 @entity1 's symptom. CONCLUSION: Treatment of functional @entity344 with antidepressants appears to be effective. Whether this improvement is independent of an effect of treatment on @entity308 needs further evaluation.

title: Treatment of functional XXXX with antidepressant medications: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'Functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity20364 :: ('MESH:D014299', 'Chemical') :: ['trimipramine']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']


abstract: We did a @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 without chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids (CUG). @entity170 was found in 51% and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was correlated with severity of disease. Low levels of @entity560 were found in 94%. All @entity1030 @entity1 may benefit from @entity560 supplementation and screening for low @entity79 . INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with chronic @entity3885 have low @entity79 , caused by chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids and hypovitaminosis D. However, @entity1 without CUG may also have low @entity79 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 49 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 28 postmenopausal @entity1 ), with @entity1030 without CUG, from Brazil (25 degrees 25' S). Several markers of bone metabolism were measured, plus @entity79 . @entity170 risk factors and history of @entity174 were investigated. Respiratory function was assessed by venous gasometry, spirometry, and oximetry. @entity79 results were compared to those of 40 healthy non-smokers controls. RESULTS: @entity1030 @entity1 had lower @entity79 at all sites (p < 0.01). @entity170 was observed in 51%. @entity79 independently correlated with @entity5 (lumbar spine, R = 0.38, p = 0.01; total femur, R = 0.36, p = 0.01; femoral neck, R = 0.40, p < 0.01). Ninety-four percent had low levels of @entity560 (<30 ng/mL) and 67% had @entity3528 . @entity560 was correlated with @entity26 saturation (R = 0.36, p = 0.01), with lower levels in those with saturation <88% (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1030 without CUG have increased risk for @entity170 . Such @entity1 have hypovitaminosis D, which is correlated with the severity of disease. Screening for low @entity79 and @entity560 supplementation may be warranted to all @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: @entity1030 is associated with XXXX and low levels of @entity560 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage of disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['cross-sectional analysis of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the influence of oligomeric forms of b-amyloid (Ab) and the influence of the duration of exposure on the development of tau phosphorylation. METHODS: Ab oligomers were injected intracranially either acutely into 5-month-old rTg4510 @entity19 and tissue was collected 3 days later, or chronically into 3-month-old @entity19 and tissue was collected 2 months later. Several forms of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), @entity6913 ( @entity6913 ) and microglial and astrocyte activation were measured. RESULTS: Acute injections of Ab oligomers had no effect on p-tau epitopes but did result in elevation of phosphorylated/activated @entity6913 (pGSK3). Chronic infusion of Ab oligomers into the right hippocampus resulted in 3- to 4-fold elevations in several p-tau isoforms with no changes in total tau levels. A significant elevation in pGSK3 accompanied these changes. Microglial staining with @entity18901 paralleled the increase in tau phosphorylation, however, @entity8236 staining was unaffected by Ab. Control experiments revealed that the infusion of Ab from the minipumps was largely complete by 10 days after implantation. Thus, the elevation in p-tau 2 months after implantation implies that the changes are quite persistent. CONCLUSION: Soluble Ab(1-42) oligomers have long-lasting effects on tau phosphorylation in the rTg4510 model, possibly due to elevations in @entity6913 . These data suggest that even brief elevations in Ab production, may have enduring impact on the risk for @entity13859 .

title: Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity13859 :: (MESH:D024801,Disease) :: ['tauopathy']