abstract: A 42-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute @entity662 . The electrocardiogram revealed @entity583 . Emergency coronary angiography revealed @entity432 of the distal right coronary artery with @entity715 . @entity1 was taken up for primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stenting of distal right coronary artery. Six hours following the procedure, the @entity1 developed re-elevation of ST-segment in inferior leads of electrocardiogram and subsequent @entity1344 . Repeat coronary angiography revealed patent stent and @entity3361 in proximal part, which was relieved by intracoronary injection of @entity12118 . After an hour, the @entity1 re-developed symptoms of @entity662 along with @entity1168 , @entity551 and ST segment elevation. Intravenous infusion of @entity12118 did not improve the condition but produced persistent @entity551 . Infusion of @entity7604 was then started. Over time, normalisation of electrocardiogram occurred. The @entity1 was discharged in stable condition. This case suggests that @entity7604 may be effective in alleviating @entity3361 when the use of other agents fails.

title: @entity7604 infusion: a therapeutic option in XXXX after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary vasospasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of surgical treatment with @entity308 and allo-fibular grafting on @entity2530 of the femoral head in early stages. METHODS: From June 1998 to August 2004, 22 @entity1 with @entity39 of the femoral head (39 hips) were treated with @entity308 and allo-fibular grafting, including 17 males and 5 females. Necrosis was classified as Stages I - III according to ARCO classification system. Their ages ranged from 22 to 60 years and @entity158 duration was 2 to 12 months preoperatively (6.5 months on average). The regular examinations of joint function, X-ray, ECT,CT and MRI were conducted before surgery and after 15 days, 3 months, and 6 months of surgery. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 3 to 74 months (31.4 months on average). Symptoms 17 of the @entity1 were relieved evidently. Harris hip score from 78 points preoperatively to 91.6 points. The X-ray films 18 of the @entity1 showed that the geography of the hip joint kept intact with no deterioration. Osteogenesis was observed by regular examinations. Two cases (4 hips, 10.25%) were revised by total hip replacement, and 3 cases (4 hips, 10.25%) without THR worsened postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The method is less traumatic than common procedures. The joint function can be recovered within 2-4 weeks. Clinical symptoms are greatly improved. This method is effective at least in short term and the long-term effect needs further study.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the femoral head in early stages with @entity308 and allo-fibular grafting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['core depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To overcome the @entity137 of excipient or blank nanoparticles for drug delivery nano-system, the surface modified @entity1311 nanocrystals (PTX-NC) have been developed. @entity4045 -NCs were prepared by nano-precipitation method. The surface of @entity4045 -NCs were modified by grafting with apo- @entity69 (Tf) or hyaluronic acid (HA). The physical properties of @entity4045 -NCs were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), zeta-sizer, zeta-potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. In vitro drug release study was performed in @entity4613 buffered saline (PBS) with or without 0.5% (w/v) @entity9266 for 24h. Cellular uptake was studied at time intervals of 0.5, 1, and 2h in MCF-7 cells, and cell growth inhibition study was performed for 24h using MCF-7 cells ( @entity5 cells), and HaCaT cells (normal cells). Three different types of @entity4045 -NCs with a mean size of 236.0  100.6nm (PTX-NC), 302.0  152.0nm (Tf- @entity4045 -NC) and 339  180.6nm (HA- @entity4045 -NC) were successfully prepared. The drug release profiles showed 29.1%/6.9% ( @entity4045 (pure)), 40.7%/23.9% (PTX-NC), 50.5%/25.1% (Tf-PTX-NC) and 46.8/24.8% (HA-PTX-NC) in PBS with/without 0.5% (w/v) @entity9266 for 24h, respectively. As per the results, the drug release of @entity4045 -NCs showed the faster release as compared to that of @entity4045 (pure). Surface modified @entity4045 -NCs exhibited higher values for cell permeability than unmodified PTX-NC in the cellular uptake study. Surface modified @entity4045 -NCs inhibited the cell growth approximately to 60% in MCF-7 cells, however effect of surface modified @entity4045 -NCs on normal cell line was lower than the PTX-NC and @entity4045 (pure). In conclusion, biological macromolecules (Tf or HA) surface modified PTX-NC enhanced the cellular uptake and the cell growth inhibition.

title: Development and evaluation of targeting ligands surface modified XXXX nanocrystals.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maxillary sinuses are covered by a 1 mm thick mucous membrane that when this membrane becomes inflamed, the thickness may increase 10-15 times. The common causes of odontogenic @entity1244 are dental abscesses and periodontal disease. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for sinus diagnosis. Recently, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been introduced for dental and maxillofacial imaging, which has several advantages over traditional CT, including lower radiation dose and chairside process. This study aims to find the association between @entity604 (PBL) and @entity558 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 CBCT images were reviewed. PBL was assessed in six points under each sinus at the mesial and distal sides of the upper second premolar and first and second molars by measuring the distance from the alveolar crest to the point 2 mm under the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The MT was assessed at six points in the floor of the sinus precisely over the mentioned points. To assess the possible role of @entity558 on the sinus MT, the existing teeth were classified into five groups due to the probable effect of each condition on the pulp and peri-apex. The statistical association between MT of sinus and PBL and @entity558 was assessed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) and bivariate correlation and binary linear regression statistical tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: MT was observed in 39.4% of @entity1 (mean = 4.68    5.25 mm). PBL was seen in 33% of the @entity1 (mean = 1.87    1.63 mm). Linear regression test showed that there is an association between both PBL and @entity558 and MT, but the effect of PBL was about 4 times stronger. CONCLUSION: This study showed that MT of the maxillary sinus was common among @entity1 with PBL and MT of the maxillary sinus was significantly associated with PBL.

title: Using cone beam computed tomography to detect the relationship between the periodontal XXXX and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal thickening (MT) of the sinus and periodontal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['pulpoperiapical condition']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether changes in hydration status (reflecting fluid retention) would be detected by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and phase angle during hospitalization for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and after clinical stabilization. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to @entity712 were evaluated at admission, discharge and after clinical stabilization (3 mo after discharge) for @entity1353 , weight, brain natriuretic peptide, bioelectrical impedance resistance, reactance, and phase angle. Generalized estimating equations and chi-square detected variations among the three time points of evaluation. RESULTS: Were included 57 @entity1 : Mean age was 61    13 y, 65% were male, LVEF was 25    8%. During hospitalization there were improvements in clinical parameters and increase in resistance/height (from 250    72 to 302    59 Ohms/m, P < 0.001), reactance/height (from 24    10 to 31    9 Ohms/m, P < 0.001), and phase angle (from 5.3    1.6 to 6    1.6  , P = 0.007). From discharge to chronic stability, both clinical and BIVA parameters remained stable. At admission, 61% of @entity1 had significant congestion by BIVA, and they lost more weight and had higher improvement in @entity1353 during hospitalization (P < 0.05). At discharge, more @entity1 were in the upper half of the graph (characterizing some degree of @entity2700 ) while at chronic stability normal hydration status was more prevalent (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BIVA and phase angle were able to detect significant changes in hydration status during @entity712 , which paralleled the clinical course of recompensation, both acutely and chronically. The classification of congestion by BIVA at admission identified @entity1 with more pronounced changes in weight and @entity1353 during compensation.

title: Dynamic changes in bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and phase angle in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated heart failure', 'ADHF']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute decompensated heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE; To evaluate the clinical value of different CT diagnostic criteria for peripancreatic artery and vein invasion in @entity3123 through comparison with the findings on surgical exploration. METHODS: Of 72 @entity1 of having suspected @entity3123 were examined by multiplane spiral CT. Among 43 confirmed by surgical pathology; 15 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy; 28 were found to have unresectable @entity5 . The peri-pancreatic major vessels including the superior mesenteric artery, celiac artery, hepatic artery, superior mesenteric vein and portal vein were explored carefully during surgical exploration. RESULTS: The criteria for peri-pancreatic artery invasion was the presence of one of the following signs: artery embeded in @entity5 , or more than half of the artery circumference involved by @entity5 with wall irregularity or @entity850 . The sensitivity of the above described criteria was 75.0% (12/16). If the criteria of @entity5 involvement exceeding half of the vessel circumference were adhered to, the sensitivity was 87.5% (14/16), which was high than the former, but the specificity was lower than that of the former one (90.2% versus 95.1%). The criteria for peri-pancreatic vein invasion was presence of any of the following signs: vein obliteration, more than half of the vein circumference involved by @entity5 , vein wall irregularity, vein @entity850 , tear-drop sign of superior mesenteric artery. The sensitivity of the above described criteria was 92.9% (39/42), higher than that of the criteria that more than half of the vessel circumference was involved by the @entity5 (69.0%, 29/42), but the specificity of both criteria was the same (97.4%, 37/38). CONCLUSION: For assessing @entity788 , using the combination of different CT diagnostic criteria has higher accuracy than when using only criteria of more than half of vessel circumference involved by @entity5 .

title: [Evaluation of CT diagnostic criteria for XXXX in @entity3123 ].

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['peri-pancreatic artery and vein invasion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['peri-pancreatic artery and vein invasion']


abstract: AIM: Controlling @entity28 and other comorbidities in the population is a challenge in modern society. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) combines short periods of high-intensity exercise with long recovery periods or a low-intensity exercise. The aim was to assess the impact of HIIT in the context of diet-induced @entity28 in the animal model. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were fed one of the two diets: standard chow (Lean group - LE) or a high--fat diet (Obese group - OB). After twelve weeks, the animals were divided into non-trained groups (LE--NT and OB-NT) and trained groups ( @entity1619 and @entity1619 ), and began an exercise protocol. For biochemical analysis of inflammatory and lipid profile, we used a colorimetric enzymatic method and an automatic spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the experimental groups with Holm-Sidak pos hoc test. Two-way ANOVA analyzed the interactions between diet and HIIT protocol. RESULTS: HIIT leads to significant reductions in body mass, blood @entity413 , @entity413 tolerance and hepatic lipid profile in T-groups compared to NT-groups. HIIT was able to reduce plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, HIIT improves the insulin immunodensity in the islets, reduces the adiposity and the @entity1560 in the T-groups. HIIT improves beta--oxidation and peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and reduces lipogenesis and @entity12097 levels in the liver. In skeletal muscle, HIIT improves @entity3229 and @entity413 transporter-4 and reduces @entity12097 levels. CONCLUSION: HIIT leads to attenuate the adverse effects caused by a chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet.

title: High-intensity interval training (swimming) significantly improves the adverse metabolism and comorbidities in diet-induced @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single high-intensity premature stimuli when applied to the ventricles during ventricular drive of an ectopic site, as in the Winfree's "pinwheel experiment", usually induce @entity943 in the normal heart, while single low-intensity stimuli barely do. Yet, @entity943 vulnerability during normal sinus-rhythm remains largely unexplored. With a view to define the role of anisotropy on ventricular vulnerability to unidirectional conduction block and reentry, we revisited the pinwheel experiment with reduced constraints in the in situ @entity35 heart. New features included single premature stimulation during normal sinus-rhythm, stimulation and unipolar potential mapping from the same high-resolution epicardial electrode array and progressive increase in stimulation strength and prematurity from diastolic threshold until @entity943 induction. Measurements were performed with 1ms cathodal stimuli at multiple test-sites (n=26) in 7 @entity35 . Stimulus induced virtual electrode polarization during sinus-beat recovery phase influenced premature ventricular responses. Specifically, gradual increase in stimulus strength and prematurity progressively induced make, break and graded response stimulation mechanisms. Hence, unidirectional conduction block occurred: along fiber direction, on right and left ventricular free walls (n=23), initiating figure-eight reentry (n=17) and @entity591 (n=12); across fiber direction, on lower interventricular septum (n=3), initiating spiral-wave reentry (n=2) and @entity591 (n=1). Critical time window (55.1  4.7ms, 68.2  6.0ms) and stimulus-strength lower limit (4.9  0.6mA) defined vulnerability to reentry. Novel finding of this study was that @entity1165 evolves and is maintained by episodes of scroll-like wave and focal activation couplets. We also found that single low-intensity premature stimuli can induce repetitive ventricular response (n=13) characterized by focal activations.

title: Effect of anisotropy on ventricular vulnerability to unidirectional block and reentry by single premature stimulation during normal sinus rhythm in XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'reentry arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Seychelles @entity1 Development Study is a research project with the objective of examining associations between prenatal exposure to low doses of @entity5165 from maternal fish consumption and @entity1 's developmental outcomes. Whether @entity5165 has @entity2359 effects at low doses remains unclear and recommendations for pregnant @entity1 and @entity1 to reduce fish intake may prevent a substantial number of @entity1 from receiving sufficient nutrients that are abundant in fish. The primary findings of the Seychelles @entity1 Development Study are inconsistent with adverse associations between @entity5165 from fish consumption and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, whether there are subpopulations of @entity1 who are particularly sensitive to this diet is an open question. Secondary analysis from this study found significant interactions between prenatal @entity5165 levels and both caregiver IQ and income on 19-month IQ. These results are sensitive to the categories chosen for these covariates and are difficult to interpret collectively. In this paper, we estimate effect modification of the association between prenatal @entity5165 exposure and 19-month IQ using a general formulation of mixture regression. Our mixture regression model creates a latent categorical group membership variable which interacts with @entity5165 in predicting the outcome. We also fit the same outcome model when in addition the latent variable is assumed to be a parametric function of three distinct socioeconomic measures. Bayesian : methods allow group membership and the regression coefficients to be estimated simultaneously and our approach yields a principled choice of the number of distinct subpopulations. The results show three groups with different response patterns between prenatal @entity5165 exposure and 19-month IQ in this population.

title: Finding vulnerable subpopulations in the Seychelles XXXX Development Study: effect modification with latent groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of supplemental @entity560 on @entity174 occurrence following burn @entity130 is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate postintervention incidence of @entity174 in @entity1 during the rehabilitative phase postburn (PB) following participation in a randomized clinical trial of @entity560 supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Follow-up for @entity174 evaluation was obtained in 39 of 50 @entity1 randomized to daily enteral @entity7218 , D3, or placebo throughout the acute burn course. Serum @entity14257 , @entity10692 , D2, D3, calcitonin, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) measurements were obtained PB day 7, midpoint, discharge, and 1-year PB. Urinary @entity460 was obtained PB day 7 and midpoint. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed at discharge and 1-year PB. RESULTS: @entity174 were reported in 6 of 39 respondents. Four @entity174 occurred in the placebo group, 2 in the D2 group, and none in the D3 group. Serum @entity560 , @entity175 , BAP, and urinary @entity460 were similar between @entity174 groups. The group with @entity174 morbidity had larger burn size (83.8%    4.9% vs 53.0%    2.9%, P < .0001), greater full-thickness burn (69.7%    9.4% vs 39.4%    4.1%, P = .02), and increased incidence of @entity130 (33% vs 6%, P = .04). Decreased bone mineral density z score was noted at discharge in the placebo @entity174 compared with no- @entity174 group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This preliminary report suggests there may be benefit of @entity3875 in reducing postdischarge @entity174 risk. Results reaffirm the importance of monitoring bone health in pediatric @entity1 postburn.

title: An Investigation of Bone Health Subsequent to @entity560 Supplementation in XXXX Following Burn Injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'inhalation injury']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 are @entity146 characterized by high metastatic potential. Our previous results indicate that Natural Killer (NK) cells may control growth of @entity320 . The main defect of blood NK cells was a decreased expression of activating @entity3222 / @entity3222 receptor and a positive correlation of @entity3222 expression with disease outcome in stage IV @entity320 @entity1 was found. In addition, in @entity9910 @entity1 , we identified a new subset of mature NK cells in macro-metastatic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). In the present studies, we evaluated the numbers of NK cells infiltrating primary @entity320 and analyzed immune cell subsets in a series of sentinel lymph nodes ( @entity4298 ). First, we show that @entity3222 + NK cells infiltrate primary @entity320 . Their numbers were related to age of @entity1 and not to Breslow thickness. Then, a series of @entity1 with @entity5 -negative or -positive sentinel lymph nodes matched for Breslow thickness of the @entity320 was constituted. We investigated the distribution of macrophages ( @entity469 ), endothelial cells, NK cells, @entity10807 positive (GrzB+) cells and CD8+ T cells in the @entity4298 . Negative @entity4298 ( @entity4298 ) were characterized by frequent adipose involution and follicular @entity1373 compared to positive @entity4298 ( @entity4298 ). High densities of macrophages and endothelial cells ( @entity2280 ), prominent in @entity4298 +, infiltrate @entity4298 and may reflect a @entity5 favorable microenvironment. Few but similar numbers of NK and GrzB+ cells were found in @entity4298 - and @entity4298 : NK cells and GrzB+ cells were not correlated. Numerous CD8+ T cells infiltrated @entity4298 with a trend for higher numbers in @entity4298 -. Moreover, CD8+ T cells and GrzB+ cells correlated in @entity4298 - not in @entity4298 . We also observed that the numbers of CD8+ T cells negatively correlated with endothelial cells in @entity4298 -. The numbers of NK, GrzB+ or CD8+ T cells had no significant impact on overall survival. However, we found that the 5 year-relapse rate was higher in @entity4298 with higher numbers of NK cells.

title: Characterization of the Microenvironment in Positive and Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes from @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'Lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity653 (CAS no. 56-81-5) and @entity2771 (CAS no. 57-55-6) are commonly used as humectant ingredients in manufactured cigarettes to control and maintain the moisture content of the cut @entity286 filler. The potential of these added humectants to affect the @entity137 of cigarette smoke was investigated in a subchronic nose-only smoke inhalation study in @entity35 . Filtered test cigarettes were prepared from an American-style @entity286 blend containing either @entity653 added at 5.1% w/ @entity20250 , @entity2771 at 2.2% w/ @entity20250 , or combinations of these humectants totaling 2.3%, 3.9%, and 7.2% w/ @entity20250 . Other groups of animals were exposed similarly to the smoke of reference cigarettes without added humectants, or to filtered air (sham control). Smoke exposures were conducted for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk, at target smoke particulate concentrations of 350 mg/m(3). All smoke-exposed groups had equivalent increases in blood carboxyhemoglobin, serum @entity1239 , and serum @entity4874 relative to the air controls. Smoke-associated reductions in body weights and occasional increases in heart and lung weights were generally similar among the various exposure conditions at necropsy. Increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and decreases in serum @entity413 and @entity165 were observed among smoke-exposed females relative to air controls. However, no significant differences in these parameters were evident between the humectant-containing and reference cigarette smoke exposure groups. Assessments of respiration conducted after 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk of smoke exposure indicated an initial smoke-related but not humectant-related decrease in respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute volume during the first 20 min of each smoke exposure. Respiratory-tract histopathology was consistent across sexes and smoke groups, comprising (1) diffuse and focal alveolar pigmented macrophages and chronic @entity32 in the lung, (2) @entity2543 , @entity1544 , and scab formation, and (3) @entity2543 in the anterior nose. Smoke-related histopathology resolved substantially during a 6-wk postexposure recovery period. Addition of the tested humectants to cigarettes, singly or in combination, had no meaningful effect on the site, occurrence, or severity of respiratory-tract changes or on the measured indices of pulmonary function. It was concluded that the addition of @entity653 and @entity2771 to cigarettes does not significantly affect the biological activity of inhaled cigarette smoke in this @entity35 model.

title: Toxicologic evaluation of humectants added to cigarette @entity286 : 13-week smoke inhalation study of @entity653 and XXXX in Fischer 344 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerin', 'glycerin']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal epithelial hyperplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2771 :: (MESH:D019946,Chemical) :: ['propylene glycol']


abstract: To evaluate the location and early time course for development of cerebra @entity4 following therapy for @entity6 , @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 were subjected to constant i.v. infusion with saline and regular insulin. At the end of 1, 2, and 5 h of therapy, these @entity35 were killed and tested for density of the cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, caudate-putamen, thalamus, and medulla. Density data from treated animals were compared with those from control animals. From these data, change in brain tissue volume as water was calculated. @entity6 animals killed after 1 h of fluid and insulin therapy demonstrated a modest increase in brain water content of all areas tested except white matter. Following 2 h of therapy, all regions tested were @entity4 , with a magnitude of @entity4 that was similar to that seen at 1 h. After 5 h of therapy, there was further increase in water content of the cerebral cortex, but not the other regions examined. Treatment with saline alone did not result in central @entity5225 . The findings of this study suggest that aggressive therapy with fluids and insulin, but not fluid alone, results in global @entity5225 of the brains of @entity6 animals. Prolonged fluid and insulin treatment with a return of blood @entity413 to normal values causes further and preferential accumulation of @entity4 fluid in the cerebral cortex.

title: Regional localization of cerebral edema following fluid and insulin therapy in @entity3839 - XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date there has been no randomised controlled trial demonstrating the safety and efficacy of macular relocation surgery (MRS) for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). Vision can be improved in some @entity1 and made worse in others despite successful surgery or because of complications. PURPOSE: To determine which @entity1 would benefit from MRS. METHODS: Twenty nine @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 took part in a prospective, non-comparative, interventional study. Macular relocation surgery involved phacoemulsification, vitrectomy, 360 degrees retinotomy, excision of @entity1940 , and macular relocation using an infusion of @entity1487 and low molecular weight heparin as adjuvant to prevent proliferative @entity1715 . @entity1 underwent protocol refraction preoperatively and six-monthly postoperatively by designated optometrists. Preoperative fundus @entity941 angiograms were read by masked observers and the lesions were classified according to a set protocol. The main outcome measures were visual improvement, final vision of better than 20/400, reading speed, critical print size. Logistic and multiple stepwise linear regressions were used to identify independent factors which predicted the main outcomes. RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity (20/120 or worse) and lesion type (predominantly classic or submacular @entity548 ) were significantly associated with visual improvement (coefficient of regression B = 26.8, p<0.001 and B = 14.9 with p = 0.045 respectively). There were no significant independent factors which predicted a final distance logMAR visual acuity of 1.3 (20/400) or any arbitrary definition of @entity1939 . CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that it was possible to select cases that were more likely to experience an improvement in vision following MRS.

title: Case selection in macular relocation surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascular membrane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age related macular degeneration']


abstract: A major challenge for clinicians treating (arterio) @entity3179 is to decide between standard therapy and advanced interventions. Here, we developed a simple method to collect @entity1 material representative of the @entity1066 wound bed, which can be used to identify biomarkers for prognostic test development. Superficial surgical debridement was performed using a small vidal curette during the weekly visit to the outpatient clinic. Moist, easily removable debridement material essentially blood free (including necrotic and nonviable slough) was collected from the surface of the @entity1066 . The amount ranged from 5.5   mg to 78   mg material per @entity1066 . Seventeen cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were extracted and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (concentration range: 0.0005-78   ng/mg total protein). Notably, @entity687 was by far the most abundant protein present. Inflammatory mediators were more abundant than anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-b1). Bioactivity assays showed chronic wound extracts to be capable of stimulating fibroblast migration in a chemokine-dependent manner and also capable of stimulating healthy cells within skin substitutes to secrete wound healing mediators ( @entity2842 , @entity2851 , @entity687 , @entity650 ) in an @entity1192 dependent manner. Collection of debridement tissue enables investigation of the @entity1066 environment in an easy noninvasive manner that may be suitable for prognostic test development.

title: Simple wound exudate collection method identifies bioactive cytokines and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['chemokines in (arterio) venous ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of p38 MAPK activity on isolated @entity95 liver during the period of cold preservation and reperfusion. METHODS: Based on the cold preservation-reperfusion model of isolated @entity95 livers, according to the concentration of @entity4285 in the preservation solution which was a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, the isolated livers were divided into 4 groups, six in each A, B, C and D. Liver tissue samples and blood samples were harvested at different time points: before and end of cold preservation, reperfusion for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The activity levels of p38 MAPK were detected by both western blot and immunoprecipitation. The function markers of isolated livers were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer, and the levels of total bile after reperfusion were measured. RESULTS: In normal @entity95 liver tissues, p38 MAPK had low activity. During the cold preservation period, the activity of p38 MAPK elevated slightly. But during the reperfusion period, the activity of p38 MAPK changed markedly which elevated rapidly at the early stage and reached its peak value at 10 minutes, then decreased gradually to the normal level (7.6 +/-0.9) at 120 minutes. @entity4285 could inhibit the activity in a dose-dependent manner. The peak values of p38 MAPK activity in group B,C and D were 42.5 +/-2.4, 10.1+/-1.4, and 7.6 +/-0.6 respectively, while 78.6 +/-6.1 in group A. During the reperfusion period, the levels of serum ALT, AST and @entity731 were higher in group A than those in any other group, alike the p38 MAPK activity, especially at 15 and 30 minutes. On the other hand, the total bile secretion volume was (10.2 +/-2.9) ml/100 g, (13.9 +/-1.3) ml/100 g, (15.6 +/-1.2) ml/100 g, and (16.0 +/-1.3) ml/100 g in group A, B, C and D respectively. CONCLUSIONS: During the cold preservation- reperfusion period, p38 MAPK specific inhibitor @entity4285 can lower the p38 MAPK activity, and ameliorate the isolated @entity99 . Activation of p38 pathway is one of the important mechanisms to cause @entity63 -reperfusion @entity99 .

title: [The role of p38 MAPK pathway in XXXX -reperfusion @entity99 ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury of isolated liver', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: In China, @entity356 ( @entity356 ), which is one of the most common @entity5 , has an increasing incidence in elderly population due to aging process. Since a considerable number of elderly @entity1 with @entity356 accepting surgical treatments developed @entity260 , it is necessary to evaluate risk factors for @entity260 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, the clinicopathologic characteristics of 3,024 elderly @entity1 (aged >= 65  years) with @entity356 , who underwent surgery between 1996 and 2006, were examined and contributing factors for @entity260 were analyzed. A total of 2,915 non-elderly @entity1 (aged <65  years) with @entity356 during the same period were enrolled as a control group. Clinicopathologic characteristics of non-elderly @entity1 were investigated and compared with elderly group. RESULTS: As to clinicopathologic characteristics, significant differences were detected in terms of location of primary lesions between elderly @entity1 and non-elderly @entity1 (p <.05), whereas no statistical difference was observed in other characteristics between two groups (p >.05). Surgical property and method in elderly @entity1 were similar to that in non-elderly @entity1 (p >.05). Regression analysis showed that @entity6 , chronic @entity358 , @entity417 , @entity4988 , combined organ excision, and blood transfusion were independent factors for complications in elderly @entity1 (p <.05), with some differences from non-elderly group. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly group with @entity356 had distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics. Surgery remains principal treatment for elderly, and proper preoperative measures are required to decrease @entity260 .

title: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Elderly with XXXX , and the Risk Factors of @entity260 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative anemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several influences modulate biochemical responses to weight-adjusted @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) replacement dose. We conducted a secondary analysis of the relationship of @entity2016 dose to TSH and FT3, using a prospective observational study examining the interacting equilibria between thyroid parameters. METHODS: We studied 353 @entity1 on steady-state @entity2016 replacement for @entity1669 or after surgery for malignant or benign @entity1374 . Peripheral deiodinase activity was calculated as a measure of T4-T3 conversion efficiency. RESULTS: In euthyroid subjects, median @entity2016 dose was 1.3  g/kg/d (IQR 0.94,1.60). Dose was independently associated with gender, age, aetiology and deiodinase activity (all p<0.001). Comparable FT3 levels required higher @entity2016 doses in the @entity189 group (n=143), even after adjusting for different TSH levels. Euthyroid @entity259 @entity1 (n=50) received 1.57  g/kg/d @entity2016 (IQR 1.40,1.69), compared to 1.19  g/kg/d, (0.85,1.47) in @entity1669 (p<0.01, n=75,) and 1.08  g/kg/d, (0.82,1.44) in @entity1 operated for benign disease (p< 0.01, n=80). Stratifying @entity1 by deiodinase activity categories of <23, 23-29 and >29 nmol/s revealed an increasing FT3-FT4 dissociation; the poorest converters showed the lowest FT3 levels in spite of highest dose and circulating FT4 (p<0.001). An @entity2016 -related FT3-TSH disjoint was also apparent; some @entity1 with fully suppressed TSH failed to raise FT3 above the median level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply a) thyroid hormone conversion efficiency is an important modulator of the biochemical response to @entity2016 , b) FT3 measurement may be an additional treatment target, and c) @entity2016 dose escalation may have limited success to raise FT3 appropriately in some cases.

title: Variation in the Biochemical Response to XXXX Therapy and Relationship with Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Conversion.

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['athyreotic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['L-Thyroxine']


abstract: Recently two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) derived from right ventricular (RV) free wall has been shown to be a very useful tool for the estimation of RV performance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether RV basal free wall strain can detect increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( @entity7215 ) in @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). We investigated a total of 126 @entity1 with @entity120 (mean age, 56    12 years). They underwent echocardiography and right heart catheter examination. 2D STE-derived longitudinal strain was measured by placing 2 regions of interests (ROIs) on the RV basal free wall in RV-focused apical 4-chamber view. Peak strain (RV-PS) was acquired between the 2 ROIs. Conventional echocardiographic RV parameters (RV fractional area change, RV myocardial performance index, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity, and tricuspid regurgitant pressure gradient) were evaluated as well. Right heart catheterization was performed on the day following of echocardiographic evaluation. Among RV echo parameters, RV-PS showed the best correlation with @entity7215 (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cut-off value of RV-PS -20.8% could detect @entity7215     25 mmHg (sensitivity 78%, specificity 93%, area under the curve 0.90, P < 0.001). RV basal free wall strain was a useful tool for the non-invasive detection of increased @entity7215 in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Usefulness of right ventricular Basal free wall strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['CTEPH', 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity1466 is a highly malignant germ cell @entity5 sub-entity thought to originate from the placenta. The aim of this review is to alert clinicians to clinical symptoms and course of neonatal/ @entity1466 in order to improve the prognosis of affected @entity1 by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The clinical details of all 30 cases according to a Medline literature search including two cases documented in the MAKEI germ cell @entity5 study are analysed. @entity1 suffering from @entity1466 become symptomatic at a median age of 1 month (range 0 days-5 months). @entity1109 with decreasing incidence are @entity417 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity382 , haemoptysis or @entity1576 , there may be signs of precocious puberty. The @entity5 affected more than one organ in most cases; organs involved were liver (23/30 cases, 77%), lung (20/30, 67%), brain (8/30, 27%), or skin (3/30, 10%). The natural disease course is rapidly fatal. Without appropriate anti-neoplastic treatment, infantile @entity204 occurs on average within 3 weeks from first presentation with a high rate of post-mortem diagnoses (9/28, 32% of live born @entity1 ). In recent years, five reported @entity1 (5/30, 18%) achieved a sustained remission after multi-agent @entity900 -based chemotherapy and delayed (4/5) or primary @entity5 resection (1/5). beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin was universally elevated in 19/19 tested @entity1 . @entity1466 was reported in 17 of the 30 cases. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis of infantile @entity417 , @entity1578 should include @entity1466 and prompt measurement of beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin.

title: Unexplained @entity417 and @entity177 to thrive as initial symptoms of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile choriocarcinoma', 'Maternal choriocarcinoma', 'infantile choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Typical early symptoms']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive and liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['infantile choriocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to estimate the number of @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Nghe An province, Viet @entity9505 , using a novel method of population size estimation, and to assess the feasibility of the method in implementation. An innovative approach to population size estimation grounded on the principles of the multiplier method, and using social app technology and internet-based surveys was undertaken among MSM in two regions of Viet @entity9505 in 2015. Enumeration of active users of popular social apps for MSM in Viet @entity9505 was conducted over 4  weeks. Subsequently, an independent online survey was done using respondent driven sampling. We also conducted interviews with key informants in Nghe An and HCMC on their experience and perceptions of this method and other methods of size estimation. The population of MSM in Nghe An province was estimated to be 1765 [90% CI 1251-3150]. The population of MSM in HCMC was estimated to be 37,238 [90% CI 24,146-81,422]. These estimates correspond to 0.17% of the adult male population in Nghe An province [90% CI 0.12-0.30], and 1.35% of the adult male population in HCMC [90% CI 0.87-2.95]. Our size estimates of the MSM population (1.35% [90% CI 0.87%-2.95%] of the adult male population in HCMC) fall within current standard practice of estimating 1-3% of adult male population in big cities. Our size estimates of the MSM population (0.17% [90% CI 0.12-0.30] of the adult male population in Nghe An province) are lower than the current standard practice of estimating 0.5-1.5% of adult male population in rural provinces. These estimates can provide valuable information for sub-national level @entity16090 prevention program planning and evaluation. Furthermore, we believe that our results help to improve application of this population size estimation method in other regions of Viet @entity9505 .

title: Population Size Estimation of @entity1 Who Have Sex with XXXX in Ho Chi Minh City and Nghe An Using Social App Multiplier Method.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: Twenty-two soldiers with tibial @entity158 along the posteromedial tibial border (29 painful @entity2091 ) entered the study. The @entity2091 were evaluated using radiographs and scintigraphs. Follow-up scintigraphs of 12 @entity2091 were performed. The scintigraphic lesions were classified as Stages 0-V depending on the percentage of bone thickness involved. No attempts were made to differentiate between @entity1642 . Twenty-four symptomatic lesions and five asymptomatic lesions were found by scintigraphy. Radiographic changes were found in all the lesions classified as Stage III or higher, in some @entity34 , but never in Stages 0 and I lesions. Because intense scintigraphic uptake is seen in @entity3478 , radiographs are needed to exclude this diagnosis. Radiographs were, however, not as sensitive as scintigraphs for differentiating the @entity130 seen in this study. The initial scintigraphs can be used to classify the lesions. Follow-up scintigraphs are not useful because they take months to return to normal. Consequently, the clinical symptoms and the level of @entity158 should be the guidelines for treatment.

title: Tibial periosteal reactions in soldiers. A scintigraphic study of 29 cases of lower leg XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['shin splints and stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['periosteal injuries']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II lesions']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone repair process at the bone/implant interface of @entity3604 @entity35 treated with @entity561 through the analysis of microtomography, real time polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry ( @entity6037 protein, @entity28254 ( @entity28254 ), alkaline phosphatase, @entity32351 and @entity16836 ). Material and Methods: A total of 42 @entity35 were used and divided in to the following experimental groups: CTL: control group ( @entity35 submitted to fictitious surgery and fed with a balanced diet), @entity66495 : @entity170 group ( @entity35 submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy and fed with a low @entity460 diet) and ALE: @entity561 group ( @entity35 submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy, fed with a low @entity460 diet and treated with @entity561 ). A surface treated implant was installed in both tibial metaphyses of each @entity35 . Euthanasia of the animals was conducted at 14 (immunhostochemistry) and 42 days (immunohistochemistry, micro CT and PCR). Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results: Bone volume (BV) and total pore volume were higher for ALE group (P<0.05). Molecular data for @entity6037 and @entity28254 proteins were significantly expressed in the ALE group (P<0.05), in comparison with the other groups. ALP expression was higher in the CTL group (P<0.05). The immunostaining for @entity6037 and @entity32351 was positive in the osteoblastic lineage cells of neoformed bone for the CTL and ALE groups in both periods (14 and 42 days). Alkaline phosphatase presented a lower staining area in the @entity66495 group compared to the CTL in both periods and the ALE at 42 days. Conclusion: There was a decrease of @entity16836 precipitation at 42 days for the ALE and @entity66495 groups. Therefore, treatment with short-term @entity561 improved bone repair around the implants installed in the tibia of @entity3604 @entity35 .

title: Short term @entity561 administration improves the peri-implant bone quality in XXXX animals.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alendronate', 'alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 Veterans using VA (Veterans Administration) care fall in the 45-65  year-old age range. Understanding how menopause is managed in this group is of importance to optimizing their health. OBJECTIVE: National population estimates showed a prevalence of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) use by @entity1 over 45 years of 4.7  % (2009-2010). Our study described the frequency of @entity34 use among @entity1 Veterans in VA, and examined whether @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) was predictive of @entity34 use. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis of national VA administrative data for fiscal year 2009. @entity1 : @entity1 Veterans over the age of 45 (N   =   157,195) accessing VA outpatient care were included in the analysis. MAIN MEASURES: Logistic regression analyses using @entity34 use as the dependent variable. KEY RESULTS: Mean age was 59.4  years (SD =12.2, range =46-110), and 16,227 (10.3  %) of all @entity1 used @entity34 . Hysterectomy (OR 3.99 [3.53, 4.49]) and @entity170 (1.34 [1.27, 1.42]) were the strongest medical indicators of @entity34 use. A total of 49,557 (31.5  %) @entity1 in the sample received at least one primary diagnosis of a @entity146 and were more likely to use @entity34 than @entity1 with no @entity1032 diagnoses (unadjusted OR 1.56, 95  % CI [1.50, 1.61]). @entity1 Veterans with a @entity1316 (depression/bipolar) or @entity148 [ @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), other @entity148 diagnoses] were more likely to use @entity34 after controlling for demographics and medical comorbidity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity34 use among @entity1 Veterans using VA is more than twice that of the general population. Prior work suggested that @entity1 Veterans were discontinuing @entity34 at comparable rates, but these data demonstrate that decline in VA @entity34 use has not kept pace with that of civilian medical care. The association of @entity1032 diagnosis with @entity34 use suggests that @entity1032 plays an important role in VA rates. Further study is needed to understand contributing @entity1 and provider factors.

title: Hormone Therapy Use in XXXX Veterans Accessing Veterans Health Administration Care: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['MH disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: A SNP in a regulatory region of intron 3 within the porcine @entity4864 gene ( @entity4864 - @entity4865 ) is associated with increased lean deposition and decreased fat deposition in @entity1707 with paternal A alleles (APat) compared with @entity1707 with paternal G alleles ( @entity65478 ). However, data regarding fresh and processed meat quality characteristics of @entity1707 with different alleles for this polymorphism are limited. A single heterozygote (AG) boar was bred to homozygous (AA) commercial @entity2915 sows producing F1 barrows and gilts with either @entity65478 or APat. Two farrowing groups of barrows and gilts were group housed, provided ad libitum access to a diet that met or exceeded NRC nutrient recommendations throughout production, and slaughtered at 176 d (  4 d) of age. Fresh LM quality and estimated percent fat-free lean measurements were taken on the left side of carcasses, while carcass cutouts were completed with right sides. Fresh belly and bacon processing traits were characterized for only block 1 @entity1707 . @entity1707 was treated as the experimental unit for all analyses. Ending live weight and HCW were not affected by @entity4864 allele; however, 10th rib backfat thickness was 0.41 cm less (P=0.01), loin eye area was 4.0 cm2 greater (P=0.01), and predicted fat-free lean was over 2 percentage units greater (P<0.01) in APat @entity1707 compared with @entity65478 @entity1707 . Furthermore, boneless lean cuts from the shoulder, loin, and ham were heavier (P<0.05) in APat @entity1707 compared with @entity65478 @entity1707 . Minolta L* value was 2.36 units greater (P=0.03) but cooking loss was 1.82 percentage units greater (P<0.01) in APat @entity1707 compared with @entity65478 @entity1707 . Additionally, despite reductions in subcutaneous fat, extractable intramuscular lipid from the LM was 0.64 percentage units greater (P=0.02) in APat @entity1707 compared with @entity65478 @entity1707 . Bellies were 7.17 mm thinner (P=0.01), had 7.27 cm less flop distance (P=0.05), and tended to have 1.34 units greater @entity1496 value (P=0.09) in APat @entity1707 compared with @entity65478 @entity1707 . While not statistically different (P=0.30), the magnitude of difference in slicing yield as a percentage of green weight was 1.57 percentage units between bellies from APat @entity1707 (85.83%) and bellies from @entity65478 @entity1707 (87.40%). @entity1707 with @entity65478 had superior belly quality that may positively impact commercial bacon production. However, @entity1707 with APat yielded a greater amount of lean product at the expense of producing lighter LM color and increased cooking loss.

title: Effects of the porcine XXXX intron 3- @entity4865 mutation on carcass cutability, meat quality, and bacon processing.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Yorkshire-cross']

answer: @entity4864 :: (396916(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['IGF2']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that parental occupational paint exposure around the time of conception or pregnancy increases the risk of @entity1778 in the offspring. METHODS: We obtained individual level data from 13 case-control studies participating in the @entity1778 International Consortium. Occupational data were harmonized to a compatible format. Meta-analyses of study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were undertaken, as well as pooled analyses of individual data using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Using individual data from fathers of 8,185 cases and 14,210 controls, the pooled OR for paternal exposure around conception and risk of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76, 1.14]. Analysis of data from 8,156 @entity981 case mothers and 14,568 control mothers produced a pooled OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.39, 1.68) for exposure during pregnancy. For @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), the pooled ORs for paternal and maternal exposure were 0.96 (95% CI 0.65, 1.41) and 1.31 (95% CI 0.38, 4.47), respectively, based on data from 1,231 case and 11,392 control fathers and 1,329 case and 12,141 control mothers. Heterogeneity among the individual studies ranged from low to modest. CONCLUSIONS: Null findings for paternal exposure for both @entity981 and @entity3052 are consistent with previous reports. Despite the large sample size, results for maternal exposure to paints in pregnancy were based on small numbers of exposed. Overall, we found no evidence that parental occupational exposure to paints increases the risk of @entity1778 in the offspring, but further data on home exposure are needed.

title: Parental occupational paint exposure and risk of XXXX in the offspring: findings from the @entity1778 International Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Leukemia', 'leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high proportion of @entity1 with essential @entity101 need a combination therapy to reach the therapeutic goal. In the present study, the tolerability and efficacy of a fixed, once daily combination of the @entity7743 blocker @entity9886 (100 mg) and the diuretic @entity918 ( @entity918 ) (25 mg) for @entity1 in the real-life situation was investigated. Special consideration was given to the results of ambulatory 24-hourblood pressure (ABP) measurements. METHODS: The open label, prospective non-interventional surveillance study took place from October 2005 to June 2006. A total of 1139 @entity1 over 18 years in age were included whose blood pressures could not be adequately treated with @entity918 alone and for whom an individual dose titration for @entity9886 and @entity918 had already been performed. RESULTS: The average age (+/- standard deviation) of the @entity1 was 61.2 +/- 11.6 years; 55.8% were @entity1 . Comorbidities were common. Specifically, left @entity123 was present in 3.1% of the @entity1 , @entity301 in 30.1%, chronic @entity712 in 11.8% and status post @entity583 in 10.5%, respectively. In addition to the @entity9886 / @entity918 treatment, 61.0% of the @entity1 received a second antihypertensive medicine. After an average treatment duration of 50.4 +/- 17.2 days, the base line systolic blood pressure of 160.8 +/- 16.3 mmHg decreased by 24.0 +/- 17.0 mmHg (-14.4%) and the diastolic blood pressure of 94.4 +/- 9.9 mmHg decreased by 11.8 +/- 10.2 mmHg (-11.8%). For the ABP measurements, the overall average systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell by 16.9 +/- 14.2 mmHg and 8.8 +/-10.3 mmHg, the day average by 17.3 +/- 14.8 mmHg and 9.0 +/- 10.2 mmHg and the night average by 15.1 +/- 17.6 mmHg and 7.8 +/- 11.7 mmHg, respectively. In twelve of the 1139 @entity1 (1.1%), a total of 15 adverse events occurred. A causal connection with the medication was suspected in only in one case (one @entity1 with three). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9886 / @entity918 100/25 mg, as the exclusive therapy or in addition to other antihypertensive medicines, was for @entity1 , many of whom who had comorbidities, in the real-life situation well tolerated and effective. The efficacy was demonstrated also during the night through ABP.

title: [Fixed-combination of XXXX / @entity918 100 mg/25 mg. Tolerability and efficacy on blood pressure measured in the practice and for 24 hours].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['HCTZ', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 (DASH) diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 48 @entity1 diagnosed with  @entity3610 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n = 24) or DASH diet (n = 24) for 8 wk. Both diets were designed to be calorie-restricted. Both diets consisted of 52% @entity3363 , 18% proteins, and 30% total fats. The DASH diet was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and to be low in saturated fats, @entity165 , and refined grains. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8-wk intervention to measure lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ). RESULTS: Adherence to the DASH diet, compared with the control diet, resulted in a significant decrease in weight (-4.4 versus -1.5 kg; P < 0.001) and body mass index (-1.7 versus -0.6 kg/m(2); P < 0.001), decreased serum @entity1674 (-10.0 versus +19.2 mg/dL; P interaction = 0.005) and very-low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (-2.0 versus +3.9 mg/dL; P interaction = 0.005). Increased concentrations of @entity11636 (+98.6 versus -174.8 mmol/L; P interaction <0.001) and @entity2197 (+66.4 versus -155.6  mol/L; P interaction = 0.005) also were found in the DASH group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Consumption of DASH diet for 8 wk led to a significant reduction in serum insulin, @entity1674 and very-low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and a significant increase in TAC and @entity2197 levels.

title: Effects of DASH diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and XXXX @entity1 with @entity3610 : A randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5642 due to @entity5869 with @entity5617 is not uncommon. It can result in increased maternal mortality rates and the need for hysterectomy or greater transfusion volumes if the delivery is not completed within six to eight hours. However, consensus is lacking regarding the delivery approach for cases in which delivery is prolonged. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old Japanese @entity1 was transported to our tertiary center two and a half hours after the onset of labor because of a diagnosis of @entity5869 with @entity5617 at 40 weeks and three days' gestation. On arrival, although severe @entity6805 was observed, there was no external @entity548 . Because her cervical @entity384 was good (Bishop score, 7), labor was induced using @entity398 . Anti-disseminated @entity5642 therapy was simultaneously started via transfusion. After her @entity6805 resolved, delivery progressed rapidly, and the fetus was delivered approximately 10 hours after the onset. To reduce postpartum @entity548 , 6g of @entity2002 concentrate and @entity927 , an antifibrinolytic agent, were administered immediately before extraction of the dead fetus and placenta. Although the amount of intrapartum @entity548 was 1824g, there was no @entity548 after delivery, and our @entity1 was discharged three days later. CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity5869 complicated with disseminated @entity5642 , intrapartum administration of coagulation factors can simultaneously promote effective labor and correct @entity6805 , enabling minimally invasive vaginal delivery.

title: Intrapartum anti-disseminated @entity5642 therapy leading to successful vaginal delivery following @entity5617 caused by XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['canal dilation']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation', 'intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['placental abruption']


abstract: Acute @entity583 is a devastating cardiac clinical event, which is the result of progressive @entity453 . @entity301 is a major health concern that accounts for a significant number of hospitalizations, health care expenditures, and @entity204 . Recent advancements in the nature and pathophysiology of progressive @entity301 and @entity1188 have allowed us to curb the natural course of the disease, shorten hospital stays, and improve @entity1 outcomes. Focused history taking and physical examination, with the assistance of the appropriate laboratory studies and an electrocardiogram, facilitate the rapid identification of a @entity1 with @entity583 . Overall clinical results will be improved by minimizing the time from diagnosis to therapy. Several initial measures are readily available to the physician at the time of the @entity1 's arrival in the hospital emergency room. Consideration regarding relief of @entity158 , anticoagulation, and contraindications for thrombolytic therapy should accompany the initial evaluation. For @entity1 in whom the diagnosis is in doubt, adjunctive confirmatory testing and imaging studies should be urgently sought. Elderly @entity1 have a higher mortality rate from @entity1188 , so an aggressive approach in this group of @entity1 is warranted. Administration of thrombolytic therapy or primary angioplasty will be most efficacious in a majority of @entity1 . The evolution of adjunctive medications will further improve efficacy and avoid reinfarction. Proper dosage and timing of adjunctive medications, along with dosage titration based on hemodynamic response, will facilitate the best possible results. Rapid restoration of flow down a suddenly occluded epicardial coronary vessel is the primary end point in therapy. With this in mind, there has been an increasing trend toward mechanical restoration of flow by means of primary angioplasty in centers where this technologic capability is available. Close attention to the @entity1 's hemodynamic status along with rapid identification and therapy of peri- @entity1188 @entity943 will help to avoid clinical complications. When peripheral perfusion is compromised, hemodynamic monitoring, inotropic medications, and mechanical assistance may become necessary. Subsequent severe pump failure is usually the result of a devastating mechanical complication. @entity1 with mechanical complications have a high associated event-related mortality rate. Urgent identification of the nature of the complication with the use of invasive and noninvasive imaging studies, mechanical and inotropic assistance, and emergency surgical correction may be lifesaving.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Current management of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: (1) Hyperpolarizing voltage steps evoke slowly activating inward currents in a variety of neurones and in cardiac cells. This hyperpolarization-activated inward current (I(h)) is thought to play a significant role in cell excitability, firing frequency, or in setting of the resting membrane potential in these cells. We studied the effects of @entity3303 , @entity10541 , @entity7231 and @entity1341 as well as its enantiomers on I(h) in the membrane of dorsal root ganglion neurones (DRG). (2) The patch-clamp technique was applied to small dorsal root ganglion neurones identified in 200 micro M thin slices of young @entity35 DRGs. Under voltage-clamp conditions, the whole-cell I(h) current was recorded in the presence of different concentrations of the local anaesthetics. In current-clamp mode the resting membrane potential and the voltage response of DRG neurones to injected current pulses were investigated. (3) I(h) was reversibly blocked by @entity1341 , @entity3303 and @entity10541 applied externally in clinically relevant concentrations. Concentration-response curves gave half-maximum inhibiting concentrations of 55, 99 and 190 micro M, respectively. @entity1341 block of the I(h) current was not stereoselective. No significant effect was observed when @entity7231 was applied to the external surface of the membrane. (4) In current-clamp experiments 60 micro M @entity1341 slightly hyperpolarized the membrane. The membrane stimulation by low-amplitude current pulses in the presence of @entity1341 showed an increase of the hyperpolarizing responses. (5) Our findings suggest an important role of the I(h)-block by local anaesthetics in the complex mechanism of @entity734 and spinal anaesthesia.

title: Local anaesthetics block hyperpolarization-activated inward current in XXXX small dorsal root ganglion neurones.

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug action during epidural']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Contamination of workplace surfaces by antineoplastic drugs presents an exposure risk for healthcare workers. Traditional instrumental methods to detect contamination such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) are sensitive and accurate but expensive and incapable of producing results in real time. This limits their utility in preventing worker exposure. We are currently developing monitors based on lateral flow immunoassay that can detect drug contamination in near real time. In this report, we describe the laboratory performance of a @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) monitor. METHODS: The monitor was evaluated by spiking ceramic, @entity3324 , composite, stainless steel, and glass surfaces of 100   cm(2) area with @entity1487 masses of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100   ng. The surface was sampled with a wetted @entity2708 swab, the swab was extracted with buffer, and the resulting solution was applied to a lateral flow monitor. Two ways of evaluating the response of these monitors were used: an electronic method where a lateral flow reader was used for measuring line intensities, and a visual method where the intensity of the test line was visually compared to the control line. RESULTS: The @entity1487 monitor is capable of detecting 10   ng/100   cm(2) (0.1   ng/cm(2)) using the electronic reader and 25   ng/100   cm(2) (0.25   ng/cm(2)) using the visual comparison method for the surfaces studied. The response of the monitors was compared to LC- @entity15 / @entity15 results for the same samples for validation and there was good correlation of the two methods but some differences in absolute response, especially at higher spiking levels for the surface samples.

title: Detection of XXXX surface contamination in near real time.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glassy cell @entity189 is a rare form of poorly differentiated @entity189 with no obvious squamous or glandular differentiation. Its liquid-based cytology findings have not been described before. CASE: A 46-year-old Filipina presented with @entity3556 due to a bulky @entity5 . The liquid-based cytology preparation was of moderate cellularity and contained small clusters of polygonal to elongated @entity5 cells admixed with amphophilic, granular, @entity39 . The malignant cells possessed round to oval nuclei; a thin nuclear membrane; finely dispersed @entity11407 ; prominent, solitary nucleoli; abundant, cyanophilic cytoplasm; and discrete cell borders. Occasional @entity5 cells showed phagocytosis of polymorphs. The background contained a mixed population of inflammatory cells. Eosinophils, though present, were not readily identified in the cytologic specimen. There was no evidence of @entity7063 , cytoplasmic vacuolation or koilocytosis. Histologic and ultrastructural examination of the @entity5 biopsy showed classic features of @entity1358 . Molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed the presence of @entity1082 ) DNA in the liquid-based cytology sample. The HPV genotype, however, did not belong to any of the commonly encountered prototypes. CONCLUSION: Glassy cell @entity189 may show distinct, though subtle, cytomorphologic features in liquid-based preparations. The findings, however, are slightly different from those in conventional cervical smears. Awareness of this rare entity is important, as @entity1358 is often associated with more aggressive clinical behavior.

title: Liquid-based cytology findings of glassy cell XXXX . Report of a case with histologic correlation and molecular analysis.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical tumor']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['glassy cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Evaluation of alveolar development beyond the postnatal period of rapid septation has generally involved @entity133 . We used an alternate approach to assess postseptation parenchymal development: measurement of the lengths of various types of @entity8668 . This technique directly addresses changes in the elastin fiber network that determines parenchymal complexity. Lungs from weanling and adult ferrets, inflated to 15 cm @entity2507 , were perfusion fixed and dehydrated, and 2-micrometer sections were stained with Miller's elastin stain for light microscopy. We used standard morphometric methods to measure the lengths of the various types of @entity8668 . Three types comprised >90% of all septal borders: 1) free septal ends ("ends") containing an elastin cable; 2) angled meetings of two @entity133 ("bends"), also with a cable; and 3) the near-symmetrical intersections of three septa ("junctions") devoid of elastin. When scaled for lung volume, ends and bends were 23 and 37% greater in adults (P < 0.001), reflecting the increase in parenchymal complexity with growth. The 17% difference in scaled junction lengths was not significant (P = 0.10). Bends increased out of proportion to the increase in ends, and both bends and ends increased to a greater degree than any possible increase in junctions (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Although the interpretation of changes in the distribution of alveolar border lengths is not straightforward, an increase in bends resulting in an increase in the complexity of individual alveoli may contribute to the increase in alveolar gas-exchanging surface area with growth. Septation, the process responsible for the rapid early postnatal increase in parenchymal complexity in many species, should tend to increase the lengths of ends and junctions and decrease the lengths of bends. Therefore, these data suggest that septation is not the predominant mechanism of later postnatal parenchymal development in the ferret.

title: Changes in XXXX lengths with postnatal lung growth.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septal borders']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septa', 'alveolar counting']

answer: @entity8668 :: (MESH:D001882,Disease) :: ['alveolar septal border']


abstract: The interactions of @entity900 with other anti- @entity5 agents on the DNA level have been studied extensively in pre-clinical experiments. In general, combination of @entity900 with an antimetabolite, @entity3907 , or topoisomerase inhibitor, can result in a modulation of @entity902 pharmacology on the DNA, for example, enhanced retention of the @entity902 -DNA adducts. These interactions are mostly sequence and cell type dependent. In cell line models, antimetabolites can enhance the number of @entity902 -DNA adducts, probably by inhibition of DNA repair pathways. However, in clinical trials, the opposite effect has been observed, with a reduction of these adducts upon combined treatment. For the taxanes it has been shown that they can inhibit the formation of @entity902 -DNA adducts, whereas topoisomerase I inhibitors increase the number of adducts, resulting in strong synergistic @entity137 . For this last interaction a mechanistic model has recently been proposed, in which the topoisomerase I enzyme directly binds to the @entity902 -DNA adduct. Thereafter, the topoisomerase I inhibitor binds to this complex, which yields large stabilised lesions to the DNA that are probably difficult to repair. Ongoing studies will proceed to elucidate the exact mechanism underlying the interactions between @entity900 and other anti-neoplastic agents on the DNA level. Such increased understanding might help in designing new and more effective treatment regimens for @entity5 . In this paper, we review the pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the observed interactions between @entity900 , the antimetabolites, @entity6023 , and topoisomerase inhibitors on the DNA level.

title: DNA-based drug interactions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) occurs in a relatively large proportion of the population and is associated with significant morbidity, high cost of healthcare, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life. Lower extremity @entity1066 related to @entity4096 have been estimated to affect 0.2-1% of the population in developed countries. The prevalence of @entity3179 in the US is estimated at 500,000-600,000, and increases with age. Estimates of the annual incidence of leg @entity1066 in the UK and Switzerland are 3.5 and 0.2 per 1000 individuals, respectively. Treatment of @entity3179 can be expensive, leading to a large economic burden on health services in many countries. The annual cost of @entity4096 is estimated to be more than 1 billion US dollars in the US and between pound 400-600 million in the UK. Current treatments for @entity4096 include surgery, sclerotherapy, compressive therapy (conventional therapy) and adjuvant pharmacotherapy. Various pharmacological agents have been used as adjuvant therapy but in many cases there is no definitive evidence of their efficacy. Effective treatment programs for @entity3179 could substantially reduce the economic impact of @entity4096 on health services. In controlled studies, micronized purified @entity3096 fraction (MPFF) adjuvant therapy has been shown to increase significantly the number of healed @entity3179 and to reduce significantly the healing time of @entity1066 compared with conventional therapy alone, potentially leading to an improvement in @entity1 ' quality of life. The treatment of @entity3179 with MPFF was also found to reduce overall treatment costs compared with conventional therapy alone. In a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis based on direct medical costs only, MPFF therapy improved the cost-effectiveness ratio by 45% compared with conventional therapy. If intangible costs, such as loss of quality of life were included, the difference in cost-effectiveness ratios is likely to be even greater in favor of MPFF. Sensitivity analyzes showed that even with a 20% increase in drug price the cost-effectiveness ratio for MPFF therapy was substantially better than that for conventional therapy (1061.8 US dollars vs 1871.9 US dollars per @entity1066 healed). Hence, the addition of MPFF adjuvant therapy to the treatment of @entity3179 would be effective and potentially cost saving.

title: The social and economic burden of XXXX : focus on the role of micronized purified @entity3096 fraction adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous insufficiency', 'CVI']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: Blood-sucking arthropods possess a variety of anti-hemostatic factors in their salivary glands to maintain blood fluidity during feeding. In this work we demonstrate the anti-hemostatic properties of @entity6579 (lysoPC) isolated from the salivary glands of Rhodnius prolixus. First, we examined salivary glands of fourth and fifth instar nymphs for their phospholipid composition. The lumen displayed an accumulation of its phospholipid content, mainly @entity2434 and lysoPC, with a 6-fold increase for the latter. To determine the presence of phospholipids in the saliva, fourth instar nymphs were fed with a32P-enriched blood meal. After 28 days their saliva was collected and subjected to lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and autoradiography. The results showed the presence in the saliva of the same phospholipids present in the lumen. We then examined possible biological roles of these phospholipids when compared with other known effects of lysoPC. The luminal lipid extract and purified lysoPC from the lumen and saliva were tested for inhibition of washed @entity95 platelets' aggregation induced by alpha-thrombin and platelet-activating factor. Both the luminal lipid extract and salivary lysoPC showed an increasing inhibition of aggregation, which correlated with the response of the platelets to standard lysoPC (up to 13 microg/ml). Next, salivary lysoPC was incubated with porcine arterial endothelial cells for 24 h. After incubation, culture medium was assayed for @entity842 and showed increased @entity842 production, similar to control cells exposed to standard lysoPC (up to 20 microg/ml). Together these data demonstrate the presence of lysoPC in the saliva of Rhodnius prolixus and its potential anti-hemostatic activities.

title: XXXX acts as an anti-hemostatic molecule in the saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity6579 :: (MESH:D008244,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']


abstract: @entity37956 induced a transient elevation of cytosolic free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]cyt) in @entity286 suspension culture cells. The @entity37956 -induced [ @entity141 ]cyt elevation was inhibited by @entity37239 - @entity5828 and @entity5154 but not by depletion of extracellular @entity141 , suggesting that the elevation was the result of @entity141 release from the intracellular stores caused by stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover. @entity273 which has been shown to induce an oxidative burst in @entity1460 cells by @entity37956 treatment [L. Legendre, P.F. Heinstein, P.S. Low, Evidence for participation of @entity3007 -binding proteins in elicitation of the rapid oxidative burst in cultured @entity1460 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 267 (1992) 20140-20147], also induced a transient [ @entity141 ]cyt elevation in the @entity286 cells. However, @entity37956 did not induce an oxidative burst in the @entity286 cells. Activation of a 50, a 75 and a 80 kDa protein kinases after the @entity37956 -induced [ @entity141 ]cyt elevation was shown by an in-gel protein kinase assay. This activation was inhibited by @entity5154 , suggesting that the [ @entity141 ]cyt elevation is necessary for the @entity37956 -induced activation of the protein kinases. The activation was inhibited also by pretreatment with @entity866 and was sustained by pretreatment with calyculin A, suggesting that the protein kinase activity is regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. The present report shows that @entity37956 induces an increase in [ @entity141 ]cyt without oxidative burst and subsequent activation of protein kinases in @entity286 cells.

title: XXXX induces an increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration and subsequent activation of protein kinases in @entity286 suspension culture cells.

entities_list: @entity37239 :: ('MESH:C006014', 'Chemical') :: ['8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity37956 :: ('MESH:C037500', 'Chemical') :: ['mastoparan', 'Mastoparan']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity37956 :: (MESH:C037500,Chemical) :: ['Mastoparan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancies are common and when not resulting in a termination of pregnancy may lead to unintended childbirth. Unintended pregnancies are associated with increased health risks, also for @entity1 for whom pregnancy continues to childbirth. Our objective was to present the prevalence of unintended pregnancy in six European countries among pregnant @entity1 attending routine antenatal care, and to investigate the association with a history of physical, @entity458 . METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study, of 7102 pregnant @entity1 who filled out a questionnaire during pregnancy as part of a multi-country cohort study (Bidens) with the participating countries: Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, Estonia, Norway and Sweden. A validated instrument, the Norvold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAq) consisting of 10 descriptive questions measured abuse. Pregnancy intendedness was assessed using a single question asking @entity1 if this pregnancy was planned. Cross-tabulation, Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Approximately one-fifth (19.2 %) of all @entity1 reported their current pregnancy to be unintended. @entity1 with an unintended pregnancy were significantly younger, had less education, suffered economic hardship, had a different ethnic background from the regional majority and more frequently were not living with their partner. The prevalence of an unintended pregnancy among @entity1 reporting any lifetime abuse was 24.5 %, and 38.5 % among @entity1 reporting recent abuse. @entity1 with a history of any lifetime abuse had significantly higher odds of unintended pregnancy, also after adjusting for confounding factors, AOR for any lifetime abuse 1.41 (95 % CI 1.23-1.60) and for recent abuse AOR 2.03 (95 % CI 1.54-2.68). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who have experienced any lifetime abuse are significantly more likely to have an unintended pregnancy. This is particularly true for @entity1 reporting recent abuse, suggesting that @entity1 living in a violent relationship have less control over their fertility.

title: Pregnancy intendedness and the association with physical, XXXX - a European multi-country cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and emotional abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual and emotional abuse']


abstract: AIMS: We analyzed whether using Eptifibatide plus heparin compared to heparin alone in @entity1 with acute @entity63 is cost saving and/or cost-effective from the perspective of German hospitals. Our analysis is based on the clinical results of the PURSUIT study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an incremental cost-consequence and cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the admitting hospital. Costs refer to the initial hospitalization following the event. Incremental drug costs are based on a 72 hour infusion of Eptifibatide. Additional costs are analyzed as resulting from the management of complicating @entity583 , including incremental days on the general ward or intensive care unit as well as necessary revascularization procedures. All costs are expressed in @entity7634 (EUR). The estimated costs of managing @entity63 complications are based on typical patterns seen in German hospitals. Our estimation of the life-years saved by using Eptifibatide is based on the DEALE method. All calculations are standardized to a hypothetical cohort of 100 treated @entity1 . RESULTS: There are 0.064 saved life-years per @entity1 . Cost-effectiveness of Eptifibatide is EUR 14,464 per life-year saved. CONCLUSION: Eptifibatide is cost-effective compared to other therapies in the treatment of acute @entity63 . The additional costs of using this substance should be reimbursed to the hospitals.

title: [Costs and cost-effectiveness of Eptifibatide in the treatment of XXXX . An analysis based on the PURSUIT study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ischemic syndromes', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['coronary ischemic syndromes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a popular classification system to estimate @entity1 ' risk of postoperative @entity299 based on preoperative risk factors. @entity8 , defined as serum @entity1011 >2.0   mg/dL (177     mol/L), is a component of the RCRI. The estimated glomerular filtration rate has become accepted as a more accurate indicator of renal function. We will externally validate the RCRI in a modern cohort of @entity1 undergoing non-cardiac surgery and update its renal component. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Vascular Events in Non-cardiac Surgery @entity1 Cohort Evaluation (VISION) study is an international prospective cohort study. In this prespecified secondary analysis of VISION, we will test the risk estimation performance of the RCRI in    34   000 @entity1 who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery between 2007 and 2013 from 29 hospitals in 15 countries. Using data from the first 20   000 eligible @entity1 (the derivation set), we will derive an optimal threshold for dichotomising preoperative renal function quantified using the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) glomerular filtration rate estimating equation in a manner that preserves the original structure of the RCRI. We will also develop a continuous risk estimating equation integrating age and CKD-Epi with existing RCRI risk factors. In the remaining (approximately) 14   000 @entity1 , we will compare the risk estimation for @entity299 of the original RCRI to this modified version. @entity299 will include 30-day non-fatal @entity583 , non-fatal @entity1167 and @entity204 due to cardiac causes. We have examined an early sample to estimate the number of events and the distribution of predictors and missing data, but have not seen the validation data at the time of writing. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The research ethics board at each site approved the VISION protocol prior to recruitment. We will publish our results and make our models available online at http://www.perioperativerisk.com. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00512109.

title: External validation of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index and update of its renal variable to predict 30-day risk of major XXXX after non-cardiac surgery: rationale and plan for analyses of the VISION study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications', 'Cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac complications']