abstract: 1. The authors investigated the administration of @entity585 , a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor; @entity12194 , an @entity342 receptor blocker and; exogenous @entity586 ( @entity587 ) during intervals covering different portions of the "critical period" of neural development (i.e. prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal development) to determine the long-term effects of these agents on altering @entity342 metabolism in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue of juvenile (30 day-old) male @entity35 . 2. The efficacy of the treatments and @entity2339 function was monitored by measuring luteinizing hormone levels by radioimmunoassay. 5 alpha-Reductase and aromatase activity was determined in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue. 3. Significant alterations in pituitary 5 alpha-reductase activity was detected in @entity587 -treated animals, whereas, hypothalamic 5 alpha-reductase activity was significantly decreased by @entity585 treatment and significantly increased by @entity587 treatment. @entity1640 aromatase activity was significantly decreased in @entity12194 -treated animals. 4. These results suggest that: a) prenatal exposure to exogenous @entity587 stimulates hypothalamic (but inhibits pituitary) 5 alpha-reductase activity long-term and b) basal 5 alpha-reductase activity levels can be inhibited by @entity585 treatment in hypothalamic but not in pituitary tissue, suggesting that a different regulatory mechanism exists for 5 alpha-reductase in hypothalamic versus pituitary tissue.

title: Altered brain and pituitary @entity342 metabolism by prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal @entity585 , @entity12194 or XXXX treatment in juvenile male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity586 :: (MESH:D013196,Chemical) :: ['dihydrotestosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results obtained from out- @entity1 surgical treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI) with the use of trans-obturator tape (TOT) of a single Contrasure-Needleless incision (Neomedic-International). @entity1 AND METHOD: We performed an intervention with local anesthesia-sedation in outpatient regime between January 2007 to December 2011 on 96 @entity1 affected by SUI using the placement of Needleless tension-free suburethral sling. Inclusion and discharge criteria and the results obtained as well as satisfaction grade were evaluated by a questionnaire. All the @entity1 underwent a stress test, urodynamic study and quality of life questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) prior to and at least 3 months after the intervention. RESULTS: Tolerance to the procedure was good. Surgical time was less than 10 minutes and stay in the hospital up to discharge less than 2hours. The results obtained are superimposable to those reached with epidural anesthesia and hospitalization, the grade of satisfactions with the treatment received being superior to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all of the @entity1 affected are candidates for inclusion in an outpatient surgery program. This noticeably improves the cost-efficacy ratio, without decreasing the health care or grade of satisfaction. Furthermore, the Contasure-Needleless system fulfills the criteria for minimally invasive surgery, providing better stability of the sling than the third generation "minibands" due to the greater length of the mesh and less post-operative @entity158 regarding the conventional TOT as no cutaneous incisions are required.

title: Outpatient surgical treatment of female stress XXXX under local anesthesia-sedation with contrasure needleless incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of black and green tea consumption, with and without milk, on the plasma antioxidant activity in @entity1 . DESIGN: In a complete cross-over design, 21 healthy volunteers (10 male, 11 female) received a single dose of black tea, green tea (2 g tea solids in 300 ml water) or water with or without milk. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at several time points up to 2 h post-tea drinking. Plasma was analysed for total @entity23382 and antioxidant activity, using the ferric reducing ability of plasma ( @entity19213 ) assay. RESULTS: Consumption of black tea resulted in a significant increase in plasma antioxidant activity reaching maximal levels at about 60 min. A larger increase was observed after consumption of green tea. As anticipated from the higher @entity12919 concentration in green tea, the rise in plasma total @entity23382 was significantly higher after consumption of green tea when compared to black tea. Addition of milk to black or green tea did not affect the observed increases in plasma antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of a single dose of black or green tea induces a significant rise in plasma antioxidant activity in vivo. Addition of milk to tea does not abolish this increase. Whether the observed increases in plasma antioxidant activity after a single dose of tea prevent in vivo oxidative damage remains to be established. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 87-92

title: A single dose of tea with or without milk increases plasma antioxidant activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Ten days of @entity1876 in the @entity35 induced a threefold increase in bladder weight. Active force of control and @entity1494 muscle strips was measured at varying @entity4095 levels after high-K+, @entity5402 , or electrical field stimulation. Highest force output was obtained with @entity5402 . Force per muscle area was lower in the @entity1184 muscles. The basal rates of @entity26 consumption and @entity880 formation were similar in the two groups. The metabolic tension cost ( @entity855 turnover/active force) was similar in the two groups for activation with high K+ and @entity5402 . In @entity519 the active force decreased, but this was less pronounced in the hypertrophied muscle. @entity1184 muscle could, in contrast to the controls, maintain a sustained K+ contracture in @entity519 . Basal metabolic rates and tension cost were markedly reduced in @entity519 for both groups. The lower force per area with unaltered tension cost, in @entity1184 muscles under all experimental conditions, may reflect unaltered intrinsic properties of the contractile system, although the amount of contractile material has decreased relative to cell volume. The increased resistance to @entity519 may reflect a metabolic adaptation to impaired @entity26 supply to the hypertrophied tissue.

title: Metabolism and force in XXXX smooth muscle from @entity35 urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'Hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 ( @entity26494 -1), or @entity1800 , is the causative agent of @entity7467 , one of the most economically important diseases for poultry production worldwide and a cause of periodic epizootics in wild birds in North America. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of @entity26494 -1 isolated from migratory birds sampled in Alaska, Japan, and Russia and assessed the evidence for intercontinental @entity778 spread using phylogenetic methods. Additionally, we predicted viral virulence using deduced @entity535 residues for the fusion protein cleavage site and estimated mutation rates for the fusion gene of class I and class II migratory bird isolates. All 73 isolates sequenced as part of this study were most closely related to @entity778 genotypes previously reported for wild birds; however, five class II genotype I isolates formed a monophyletic clade exhibiting previously unreported genetic diversity, which met criteria for the designation of a new sub-genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of wild-bird isolates provided evidence for intercontinental @entity778 spread, specifically viral lineages of @entity26494 -1 class II genotype I sub-genotypes Ib and Ic. This result supports migratory bird movement as a possible mechanism for the redistribution of @entity26494 -1. None of the predicted deduced @entity535 motifs for the fusion protein cleavage site of @entity26494 -1 strains isolated from migratory birds in Alaska, Japan, and Russia were consistent with those of previously identified virulent viruses. These data therefore provide no support for these strains contributing to the emergence of avian pathogens. The estimated mutation rates for fusion genes of class I and class II wild-bird isolates were faster than those reported previously for non-virulent @entity26494 -1 strains. Collectively, these findings provide new insight into the diversity, spread, and evolution of @entity26494 -1 in wild birds.

title: Genetic diversity and mutation of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 ( XXXX ) in wild birds and evidence for intercontinental spread.

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease virus']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: A case of a @entity189 of the thyroid gland that secreted both @entity175 and @entity3317 (ACTH) is reported. The @entity1 was a 32-year-old @entity1 who was referred to the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health with radiologic evidence of intrathoracic and hepatic masses accompanied by florid @entity699 . Serum levels of @entity175 and ACTH were elevated. The thoracic and hepatic masses were resected. The histologic findings were typical of @entity189 of the thyroid with extensive @entity3 to the liver. The @entity5 had a predominantly solid pattern, and the neoplastic cells were either round or spindled, many with cytologic atypia. Immunohistochemical analysis of fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections demonstrated chromogranin, @entity175 , and ACTH in the neoplastic cells. The immunostaining for chromogranin was intense in all of the cells, whereas weaker staining for @entity175 and ACTH was present in scattered cells. Electron microscopy revealed sparse secretory granules in the majority of @entity5 cells; a minority of neoplastic cells contained numerous granules. We further characterized this @entity5 by performing dual immunohistochemical analysis. This technique clearly demonstrated the presence of ACTH and @entity175 within the same neoplastic cells. Thus, the @entity189 of the thyroid in this @entity1 was the source of ectopic ACTH secretion causing @entity699 . In addition, this report highlights the value of using double immunostaining to localize both the ACTH and @entity175 within the same cells.

title: @entity189 of the thyroid as a cause of XXXX : a case with ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion characterized by double enzyme immunostaining.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: The intracellular distribution of the enzyme @entity1437 (5-LO) and @entity1437 -activating protein ( @entity1912 ) in resting and ionophore-activated @entity1 leukocytes has been determined using immuno-electronmicroscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections and subcellular fractionation techniques. 5-LO is a 78-kD protein that catalyzes the conversion of @entity1426 to @entity4443 . @entity1912 is an 18-kD membrane bound protein that is essential for @entity4352 synthesis in cells. In response to ionophore stimulation, 5-LO translocates from a soluble to a sedimentable fraction of cell homogenates. In activated leukocytes, both @entity1912 -LO were localized in the lumen of the nuclear envelope. Neither protein could be detected in any other cell compartment or along the plasma membrane. In resting cells, the @entity1912 distribution was identical to that observed in activated cells. In addition, subcellular fractionation techniques showed > 83% of immunoblot-detectable @entity1912 protein and approximately 64% of the @entity1912 ligand binding activity was found in the nuclear membrane fraction. A fractionation control demonstrated that a plasma membrane marker, detected by a monoclonal antibody PMN13F6, was not detectable in the nuclear membrane fraction. In contrast to @entity1912 , 5-LO in resting cells could not be visualized along the nuclear envelope. Except for weak labeling of the euchromatin region of the nucleus, 5-LO could not be readily detected in any other cellular compartment. These results demonstrate that the nuclear envelope is the intracellular site at which 5-LO and @entity1912 act to metabolize @entity1426 , and that ionophore activation of neutrophils and monocytes results in the translocation of 5-LO from a nonsedimentable location to the nuclear envelope.

title: @entity1437 and XXXX -activating protein are localized in the nuclear envelope of activated @entity1 leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

answer: @entity1437 :: (240,Gene) :: ['5-lipoxygenase']


abstract: The binding of @entity14027 ( @entity23888 ) to two @entity1 blood proteins [ @entity1 hemoglobin (HHb) and human serum albumin (HSA)] was studied in vitro under simulated physiological conditions by spectroscopic methods viz., fluorescence, UV absorption, resonance light scattering, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and three-dimensional fluorescence. The binding parameters of @entity23888 -blood protein were determined from fluorescence quenching studies. Stern-Volmer plots indicated the presence of static quenching mechanism in the interaction of @entity23888 with blood proteins. The values of n close to unity indicated that one molecule of @entity23888 bound to one molecule of blood protein. The binding process was found to be spontaneous. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters revealed the presence of @entity3884 bond and van der Waals forces between protein and @entity23888 . Displacement experiments indicated the binding of @entity23888 to Sudlow's site I on HSA. Secondary structures of blood proteins have undergone changes upon interaction with @entity23888 as evident from the reduction of a-helices (from 46.11% in free HHb to 38.34% in @entity23888 -HHb, and from 66.44% in free HSA to 52.26% in @entity23888 -HSA). Further, the alterations in secondary structures of proteins in the presence of @entity23888 were confirmed by synchronous and 3D-fluorescence spectral data. The distance between the blood protein (donor) and acceptor ( @entity23888 ) was found to be 5.211 and 5.402 nm for @entity23888 -HHb and @entity23888 -HSA, respectively based on F  ster's non-radiative energy transfer theory. Effect of some metal ions was also investigated. The fraction of @entity23888 bound to HSA was found to be 87.8%.

title: Elucidation of binding mechanism and identification of binding site for an anti HIV drug, @entity14027 on XXXX blood proteins.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The study assessed the value of ambulatory electrocardiogram (AECG) monitoring for identification of @entity1 who are at increased risk for @entity204 or arrhythmic event following partial left ventriculectomy (PLV). Furthermore, the impact of PLV and its hemodynamics on the occurrence of spontaneous @entity943 was assessed in long-term survivors. In 32 @entity1000 @entity1 who underwent PLV, ambulatory ECG (AECG) was performed preoperatively, early postoperatively, and 6 months and 12 months after surgery. In 17 of 19 @entity1 who survived > 12 months after the procedure, left ventricular (LV) angiography was performed at the same time points and was used to calculate LV ejection fraction, and end-diastolic and end-systolic wall stress. During a mean follow-up of 478 +/- 405 days, 11 @entity299 occurred. Cox univariate regression revealed frequency of @entity1540 > 30/hour at baseline (p = 0.0213) and duration of @entity712 (p = 0.0226) as predictors of @entity204 or arrhythmic event after PLV. In a multivariate analysis, only frequency of @entity1540 > 30/hour was a significant predictor. There was no change in the frequency or severity of @entity943 after PLV. However, frequency of @entity1540 correlated with LV end-diastolic stress (r = 0.35, p = 0.013), and ejection fraction (r = -0.34, p = 0.016). Preoperative AECG monitoring may help stratification of PLV @entity1 . Serial AECG did not show that PLV influence the incidence or the complexity of spontaneous @entity943 . In contrast, it appears that a hemodynamically "successful" procedure may decrease the incidence of @entity943 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX following partial left ventriculectomy for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to hemodynamics and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: Early treatment of @entity548 in @entity447 @entity1 , both with and without inhibitors, has been shown to be of immense benefit in the overall clinical outcome. Despite the advantages of treating the @entity548 episodes early, significant barriers and limitations remain. The aim of this review is to highlight the various barriers and perceived limitations to early therapy of @entity548 episodes, especially in @entity1 who have developed inhibitors to factor VIII. The peer-reviewed literature was searched for articles on @entity447 @entity1 , with and without inhibitors, and early treatment, to identify the barriers to early treatment and potential impact on @entity1 outcomes. The most important barrier is the educational barrier, which involves lack of awareness among @entity1 regarding the signs of a bleed, as well as importance of early therapy. It is also common for parents or caregivers of school-age @entity1 to exhibit inconvenience and scheduling barriers. Distance to the treatment center can also play a role here. Some @entity1 experience financial barriers related to cost of clotting factor products, insurance coverage, or insurance caps and out-of-pocket costs. Rarely, there can also be problems related to venous access or home infusion. Lastly, multiple psychosocial barriers can prevent adherence to treatment regimens. Identification and addressing these individual barriers will result in improved compliance rates, prevent @entity16 , be more cost-effective, and lead to better overall health of these @entity1 .

title: Barriers and perceived limitations to early treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Factors prediction in the development of @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ) remains unclear. A meta-analysis about this was performed. MATERIALS: Articles were searched in February 2012 from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CNKI (Chinese Journal Full-text Database) using the keywords " @entity2 ," " @entity1207 " or "radiation @entity651 ." The outcome was the @entity1207 incidence. We pooled the data using RevMan 5.1 software and tested the statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS: We included the following factors: age, gender, weight loss, smoking history, complications, performance status, @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) pulmonary function, @entity2802 , histological type, @entity5 location, pre- @entity1161 surgery, @entity1161 combined with chemotherapy (RCT), @entity1161 /RCT combined with @entity8503 , plasma end/pre- @entity1161 @entity2533 ratio and irradiation volume. The significant risk factors for @entity1207  >=   grade 2 were @entity1 with @entity1030 , @entity5 located in the middle or lower lobe, without pre- @entity1161 surgery, RCT, plasma end/pre- @entity1161 @entity2533 ratio >= 1 and gross @entity5 volume (GTV). Following factors were identified significant for @entity1207 , including @entity5 located not in the upper lobe, smokers, combined with chronic @entity358 or @entity6 , low pre- @entity1161 pulmonary function, RCT, @entity1161 /RCT without @entity8503 and plasma end/pre- @entity1161 @entity2533 ratio >= 1. Dose-volume parameters included the average of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) of disease lung, GTV and V (5), V (10) (>= 34  %), V (20) (>= 25  %), V (30) (>= 18  %) of bilateral lung. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to the levels of @entity1 ' pulmonary function, plasma @entity2533 and dose-volume histogram (DVH). Rigorous studies are needed to identify the relationship between the above-mentioned factors and @entity1207 >= grade 1 or 3.

title: Prediction of XXXX in @entity2 @entity1 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'pre-radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1207 :: (MESH:D017564,Disease) :: ['radiation pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast the pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of two insulin mixtures, one of 50% NPH @entity1 insulin and 50% Regular @entity1 insulin (50/50) and one of 70% NPH @entity1 insulin and 30% Regular @entity1 insulin (70/30), in healthy male volunteers after subcutaneous administrations of 0.3 U/kg. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We administered single doses of 50/50 and 70/30 insulins to 18 volunteers in a randomized crossover fashion. All subjects received 0.3 U/kg of each mixture separated by at least 7 days. Each dose was given after an overnight fast and during a @entity413 clamp to maintain a euglycemic state. We measured serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations through frequent blood sampling after each treatment. Pharmacokinetic measurements were calculated from insulin data corrected for C-peptide, including maximum insulin concentration (Cmax), time to maximum insulin concentration (tmax), terminal rate constant (beta), area under the curve from 0 to infinity (AUCinfinity0), and mean residence time (MRT). Pharmacodynamic measurements were summarized from C-peptide concentrations (minimum C-peptide concentration [Cmin], time to minimum C-peptide concentration [tmin], area between the C-peptide baseline and the C-peptide suppression curve [AOCc], absolute maximal difference from baseline [Sdiff] and @entity413 clamp measurements. The @entity413 clamp measurements included maximum infusion rates (Rmax) and time to Rmax (TRmax) from @entity413 infusion rate (GIR) documentation, as well as cumulative @entity413 infused during the first 4 h ((0)4Gtot) and total @entity413 infused (Gtot) during the study. RESULTS: For the pharmacokinetic assessment, statistically greater values of insulin Cmax and beta were found for the 50/50 mixture, whereas the 70/30 mixture had a greater MRT. Statistical differences were also detected in glucodynamics, with greater values of Rmax and (0)4Gtot found with the 50/50 mixture. Notably, differences were not detected for insulin AUCinfinity0 and Gtot values. CONCLUSIONS: Higher insulin concentrations and a greater initial response were present with the 50/50 mixture, but the two mixtures had equivalent bioavailability and cumulative effects. These results support use of the 50/50 mixture in situations where greater initial @entity413 control is required.

title: Comparative pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of two XXXX insulin mixtures. 70/30 and 50/50 insulin mixtures.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Numerous branded and generic formulations of @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) @entity1372 tablets are currently available. Results from previous studies attempting to examine the comparative bioavailability of these formulations are difficult to interpret because of subject heterogeneity, single time-point blood sampling, varying degrees of @entity1375 , and other factors. This study was devised to compare the rate and extent of absorption of @entity2016 from different @entity2016 @entity1372 tablet formulations, in a simple model using a single-dose two-way single-blind, randomized cross-over design in 30 normal, healthy, nonpregnant, female subjects. This design controlled for many factors that limited previous @entity2016 bioavailability studies. Subjects were given a single 600 micrograms dose of @entity2016 as either Synthroid (Boots Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lincolnshire, IL) tablets (formulation A) or @entity1955 tablets (Daniels Pharmaceuticals, St. Petersburg, FL; formulation B). Measurements of baseline-corrected total T4 serum concentrations determined at multiple time points demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two formulations at the 1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 18.00 hour sampling times. Statistically significant differences for area under the curve (AUC) (0 to 48 hours) (formulation A, 159.9 +/- 9.4 micrograms-hour/dL; formulation B, 193.4 +/- 10.1 micrograms-hour/dL) and maximum peak plasma concentration (Cmax) (formulation A, 5.91 +/- .34; formulation B, 7.12 +/- .32) also were demonstrated. Furthermore, the ratio of the baseline-corrected total T4 concentrations (B/A x 100) were 120.9% for AUC and 120.5% for Cmax. These data demonstrate that the administration of Synthroid and @entity1955 result in a significantly different rate and extent of absorption of @entity2016 , and therefore these two formulations cannot be considered bioequivalent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A study in normal human volunteers to compare the rate and extent of XXXX absorption from Synthroid and @entity1955 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine', 'Levoxine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blunt iliac @entity1317 (BIAI) require complex management but are rare and poorly studied. We investigated the presentation, management, and outcomes of @entity1 with blunt common or external iliac @entity1317 . METHODS: We identified and reviewed 112 @entity1 with BIAI admitted between 2000 and 2011 at a Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 with common/external iliac @entity1317 (CE group) were primarily analyzed, with @entity1 with injuries of the internal iliac artery or its major branches (IB group) included for @entity1914 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 had CE and 88 had @entity130 . Mean ages (45    19 years) and gender (86% male) were similar between groups. The mean injury severity score was 40    14 (CE, 36    15; IB, 40    14; P = .19), indicating severe @entity130 . Twenty (83%) of the CE @entity1 presented with signs of leg malperfusion. Admission factors associated with @entity130 were crush mechanism of injury (37% vs 17%; P = .03) and @entity8650 (50% vs 15%; P < .01). The CE group had higher early mortality rates, both within 3 hours of admission (50% vs 19%; P = .04) and prior to iliac intervention (42% vs 3%; P < .01). Among those surviving to management, CE @entity1 were more likely to undergo open repair or revascularization (68% vs 3%; P < .01) and had a higher rate of leg amputation (50% vs 6%; P < .01), with 8/12 (67%) culminating in hemipelvectomy. Risk factors for amputation included leg malperfusion, high-grade @entity174 , @entity8650 , and increasing @entity19963 severity. Overall mortality was 40%, and was similar between the injury groups. Among CE @entity1 , need for amputation, @entity174 , and wounds were associated with inpatient mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series to date of blunt @entity130 and demonstrates distinct clinical features and outcomes for these @entity1 . They have high risk for early @entity204 and proximal leg amputation. @entity130 is specifically associated with serious open pelvic soft tissue injury, which, along with high-grade @entity174 , is a risk factor for amputation and @entity204 . On-demand emergent endovascular intervention may play an important role in improving management of these complex injuries.

title: Management and outcomes of blunt common and external iliac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic soft tissue trauma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injuries', 'artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['comparison of pelvic arterial trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['IB injuries', 'CE injury', 'CE injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injuries']


abstract: The reaction of microglial and a stroglial cells to anterograde @entity528 was studied in the fascia dentata of adult @entity35 at various timepoints after removal of the entorhinal perforant path projection. Microglial cells were identified by histochemical staining for @entity2353 diphosphatase (NDPase) at light and electron microscopical levels. Astroglial cells were stained immunocytochemically for @entity40 ( @entity40 ). Activated astroglial cells and some microglial cells also stained immunocytochemically for the intermediate filament protein @entity7229 . Phagocytotic activity was detected by histochemical staining for acid phosphatase. The postlesional connective reorganization of the cholinergic septohippocampal projection was monitored by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase. Twenty-four hours after entorhinal cortex ablation, microglial cells in the perforant path zones of the fascia dentata and the adjacent neuropil reacted by shortening and coarsening of processes and an increase in NDPase reactivity. These changes occurred prior to a noticeable increase in @entity40 immunoreactivity and hypertrophy of astroglial cells (first evident on postlesional day 2) or sprouting of cholinergic septohippocampal fibres (first evident on day 3). There was evidence of an early, local proliferation of microglial cells in the denervated perforant path zones and migration into these zones of microglial cells from adjacent intact areas. The specific accumulation of strongly stained microglial cells within the denervated parts of the dentate molecular layer persisted for at least 4 weeks, while the astroglial reaction subsided at 3 weeks. The results demonstrate an early activation of microglial cells by @entity528 , and indicate that these cells may play a pivotal, inductive role in the subsequent glial and neural events.

title: Microglial and astroglial reactions to anterograde XXXX : a histochemical and immunocytochemical study of the adult @entity35 fascia dentata after entorhinal perforant path lesions.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['axonal degeneration']


abstract: AIMS: To construct a population model to account for the variability in @entity3974 pharmacokinetics and to evaluate methods for the efficient development of population models. METHODS: Population models were developed using 99 subjects consisting of paediatric @entity1 , young, elderly and aged volunteers. A two compartment pharmacokinetic model with a zero order input was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of @entity3974 . Three stepwise methods were proposed and used alongside a three step approach to develop population models with both rich and sparse data sets. The stepwise methods were based on obtaining empirical Bayes posterior estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters within a nonlinear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM) program. The parameters were then regressed against covariates in a stepwise procedure. Variance parameters were obtained by fitting the proposed population model to the data in one further NONMEM run. The population model was validated against a test data set of 54 subjects, including @entity1 , young and elderly @entity1 and volunteers. RESULTS: The population model adequately described the differences in @entity3974 pharmacokinetics between paediatric @entity1 , young, elderly and aged volunteers. Different covariates were identified by the various methods. Weight was found to have a strong positive linear relationship with all four pharmacokinetic parameters. Clearance showed a weak negative relationship with age. Males were found to have a greater clearance than females after weight adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: The stepwise search procedures potentially are capable of considerably reducing the time required to develop population pharmacokinetic models. The model developed for @entity3974 gave accurate predictions of both the concentration-time profile and variability in an independent data set.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of XXXX : a covariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: @entity2003 is characterized by massive @entity2003 , usually most marked in the cervical region. Stiffness of the @entity1897 is sometimes present. We report two cases. @entity1 1 was a 12-year-old @entity1 diagnosed at three years of age with @entity1555 because of delayed onset of walking. @entity1159 , flexion @entity1159 , and loss of motion of the cervical spine were the main findings during the current evaluation. Radiographs of the affected joints were normal. An electrocardiogram showed an incomplete @entity714 . Muscle enzyme activities were moderately elevated. A myopathic pattern was seen on the electromyogram. A muscle biopsy showed @entity121 atrophy with peri- and endomysial @entity82 . @entity1 2 was a 39-year-old @entity1 with a five-year history of @entity2003 of the cervical spine thought to be due to a @entity5145 . Extension was the only movement possible at the cervical spine. The @entity1897 showed no motion range limitation. Findings were normal from radiographs of the spine and sacroiliac joints, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination, an electromyogram, and muscle enzyme activity assays. A muscle biopsy showed @entity121 atrophy with peri- and endomysial @entity82 . DISCUSSION: @entity2003 is rare in rheumatological practice and can simulate a number of other muscle and @entity2720 . Peri- and endomysial @entity82 may be strongly suggestive, although nonpathognomonic. Involvement of the heart governs the prognosis.

title: XXXX . Two case-reports.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['isolated rigidity', 'spinal rigidity', 'Rigid spine syndrome']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral joints']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ["Duchenne's muscular dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture of the elbows', 'Contracture of the Achilles tendons']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fiber']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['Rigid spine syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the primary site and incidence of lymph node metastases in @entity189 of the upper urinary tract. METHODS: From January 1989 to October 2005, we treated 181 @entity1 with @entity189 of the upper urinary tract. The findings of the imaging studies when lymph node @entity3 was diagnosed and the pathologic examination findings of the nodal specimens were analyzed. If multiple nodal metastases were present, the largest lymph node was considered the primary site. RESULTS: Of the 181 @entity1 , 42 (23.2%) had nodal involvement. Lymphatic @entity3 was confirmed pathologically in 23 @entity1 and 19 were clinically considered to have nodal @entity3 without pathologic diagnosis because these @entity1 died of the disease with deterioration of nodal involvement during follow-up. In @entity5 of the right renal pelvis, the primary metastatic sites were the right renal hilar, paracaval, and retrocaval nodes. @entity5 of the upper two thirds of the right ureter primarily metastasized to the retrocaval and inter-aortocaval nodes. In @entity703 , the primary sites were the left renal hilar and para-aortic nodes. @entity5 of the upper two thirds of the left ureter primarily metastasized to the para-aortic nodes. @entity5 of the lower ureter primarily metastasized inferiorly to the aortic bifurcation. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphadenectomy for @entity189 of the right renal pelvis and upper two thirds of the ureter should include a relatively wide area, compared with regional lymph nodes conventionally addressed, encompassing the paracaval, retrocaval, and inter-aortocaval nodes.

title: Primary site and incidence of lymph node metastases in XXXX of upper urinary tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of the left renal pelvis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity259 with upper mediastinal invasion are rare: 24 out of 1,204 @entity259 operated in the @entity5 Center Hospital of Shanghai (2%). For this reason, the report of our experience seems useful. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 24 @entity1 (13 male and 11 female) had a mean age of 45 years. Ten @entity1 presented symtoms, nine had a palpable cervical mass and in five, the lesion was discovered by an upper mediastinal scan. The operation was performed through an upper partiel sternotomy (n = 12) associated with resection of the internal part of the clavicle (n = 8) and of the first two costal cartilages (n = 4). Tumoral removal was complete in 15 @entity1 and incomplete in nine. RESULTS: There were no peroperative and postoperative deaths. During the procedure, the "brachio-cephalique" vein was injured and sutured in three @entity1 . During the postoperative period, a pneumothorax was observed in three @entity1 and a @entity281 in two. When the @entity5 removal was incomplete (n = 9), postoperative radiotherapy was performed. The only @entity1 with @entity3557 (n = 16) have survived more than 5 years. For the entire group of @entity1 , the 5-year and 10-year survival rate was respectively 65% and 47%. After incomplete tumoral resection followed by radiotherapy, two @entity1 survived with a 28-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: This experience demonstrates that @entity1 may survive beyond 10 years, even after incomplete resection of @entity259 with upper mediastinal invasion, if the @entity189 is differentiated.

title: [ XXXX with mediastinal extension].

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal infection']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the thyroid gland']


abstract: Using mass spectrometry and immunological approaches, a @entity1457 protein 70 associated with @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) has been identified from a @entity291 filarial parasite Setaria cervi. A @entity1457 protein was detected in different life stages of S. cervi when exposed to an elevated temperature of 44 degrees C. A combination of @entity855 -agarose column chromatography and electro-elution was used for its purification from adult female extract. On closer examination, it migrated as a single band at 68 kDa on 10% @entity214 -PAGE. Peptide sequences TTPSYVAFTDTER, DSGAIAGLNVLR, IINEPTAAAIAYGLDK, NALESYAFNMK and LLSDFFSGK were obtained through MALDI-LC/MS analysis. Confirmation of peptides was accomplished by MASCOT database which showed substantial sequence homology with @entity12929 , @entity10065 , and @entity2199 . Multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W showed 98% identity with @entity10065 and only 28% with @entity1 @entity2285 . Furthermore, the antigenicity plot has shown that the highly antigenic @entity535 residues are constituted within the conserved peptides. These observations suggest a plausible biological connection of ScHSP70 with the disease and its strong immunogenic nature. ScHSP70 showed antigenic cross-reactivity with IgG class of antibody in different categories of filarial sera. However, when IgG subclasses were tested, IgG4 showed high specificity and sensitivity with asymptomatic microfilaraemic sera.

title: Identification of Setaria cervi XXXX protein 70 by mass spectrometry and its evaluation as diagnostic marker for @entity3754 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['W. bancrofti', 'Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determining the results 5 years after surgery for proximal femur @entity174 . DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective. SETTING: Department of General Medicine, Red Cross Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands. METHOD: In 1996, for all @entity1 operated on for proximal femur @entity174 in 1991, data were collected from the @entity1 records regarding the admission and situation at home, and from the municipal archives, the family physician, the @entity1 or his or her family regarding survival. The 5-year survival was compared with that of a cohort matched for age and sex, according to data from the Central Bureau for Statistics. The level of function after 5 years was evaluated by means of a Broos checklist. RESULTS: Of the 117 @entity1 operated, 69 had medical, 9 lateral and 39 pertrochanteric @entity174 . The average age of the 20 @entity1 and 97 @entity1 was 71 and 82 years, respectively. The average duration of hospitalisation was 31 days. Seven @entity1 (6%) died while still in hospital. Of the 110 surviving @entity1 , 61 (55%) returned to the situation in which they lived before. Starting 6 months postoperatively, the 5-year survival curves were parallel to those of the matched cohort. After 5 years, 53 @entity1 (45%) were still alive. Of these, 37 @entity1 (70%) functioned well. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 with proximal femur fracture belong to the category of @entity1 in advanced old age. The survival after 5 years was 45%; most of the mortality occurred during the first 6 months after the operation. Of those surviving, 70% functioned well.

title: [Good results 5 years after surgery for proximal femur XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Seven English Springer Spaniels (6 adult males and 1 female) with chronic @entity2142 and sporadic intravascular hemolytic crises were determined to have a deficiency in erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, a key regulatory enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis. Intermittent severe pigmenturia concomitant with weakness, @entity7621 , and @entity448 were the major clinical signs and commonly were related to exercise or other stressful situations that caused panting or barking (hyperventilation). Pale or icteric mucous membranes, @entity221 , mild @entity828 , and @entity2057 sometimes were evident. Results of routine laboratory testing indicated a persistent marked bilirubinuria and reticulocytosis with normal @entity1485 , to severe @entity417 and intermittent @entity8763 and @entity4144 . Erythrocyte PFK activities were severely reduced to 8% to 22% of values for control @entity235 . The block of glycolysis at the PFK step caused a markedly diminished erythrocyte @entity6297 content, resulting in an increased hemoglobin- @entity26 affinity and compensatory accelerated erythrocyte production. @entity15192 erythrocytes had @entity2100 in vitro and in vivo. Hemolytic crises were induced in vivo by hyperventilation that caused transient, mild alkalemia. Studies of family members of a PFK-deficient @entity235 suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Carrier @entity235 with half-normal erythrocyte PFK activities appeared clinically normal.

title: @entity2142 caused by XXXX in English springer spaniels: seven cases (1983-1986).

entities_list: @entity6297 :: ('MESH:D019794', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-diphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['increased alkaline fragility']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity15192 :: ('MESH:D006014', 'Disease') :: ['Phosphofructokinase-deficient']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity15192 :: (MESH:D006014,Disease) :: ['phosphofructokinase deficiency']


abstract: 1. Electron charge transfer interactions of some @entity9852 derivatives with @entity4028 antibiotics, @entity7660 and @entity114 -related antibiotics and @entity648 were investigated with alternating current titrations. 2. Neither the @entity7660 nor @entity114 -related drugs interacted. 3. However, the @entity4028 antibiotics formed complexes with the @entity11922 . 4. @entity2890 and @entity801 each formed 1:2 adducts with @entity7911 . 5. The @entity11922 interacted with @entity648 forming concentration-dependent micellar adducts which were exciplexes. This may explain the appearance of xanthomata in @entity1 medicated with @entity11922 .

title: Thiazine, antibiotic, XXXX adducts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['Tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: Experimental transplantation of the liver is a complex procedure, and technical considerations can often complicate the interpretation of results from studies of hepatic preservation. Improvement in experimental transplantation techniques will decrease adverse effects of the procedure on laboratory animals and assist in the development of improved preservation techniques. The procedure should be designed to mimic the clinical situation. The technique described herein differs from previously described techniques in the operation upon the donor. The bile duct is preserved for @entity254 to the recipient bile duct. The liver is isolated on vascular pedicles, with a new approach to the @entity6323 , which decreases @entity190 . Subdiaphragmatic transection of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava ensures a short segment that cannot twist or telescope into the transplanted liver. The hepatic artery is dissected to the level of the aorta, in contrast with the aorta being used as a conduit. Nonheparinized blood is collected from the hepatic donor. During the operation upon the recipient, the approach to the infrahepatic vena cava minimizes @entity190 . A new method of hepaticohepatic arterial @entity254 with preservation of the duodenal blood supply is described. A passive shunt for mesenteric blood flow is used. The bile duct is preserved and choledochocholedochal @entity254 is performed over a stent. The operating time of both harvesting and transplanting was considerably shorter compared with that of reports in the literature and with previous methods used in our laboratory. No dissection of the cold organ was done. There was no incidence of @entity3181 , as previously described. With this technique, blood transfusion of only 1 unit (425 milliliters) resulted in an elevated hemoglobin concentration postoperatively. In 20 consecutive transplants, no failure occurred as a result of technical reasons. This new method appears to simplify the procedure, reduce operating time, is less stressful to the @entity235 and has produced results superior to those from our previous methods. This method would appear to be easily adaptable to other laboratories interested in hepatic transplantation.

title: Revised method of orthotopic hepatic transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['infrahepatic inferior vena cava']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ninety-five percent positive predictive values (PPVs) provide an invaluable tool for clinicians to avoid unnecessary oral food challenges. However, 95% PPVs specific to @entity1 , the age group most likely to present for diagnosis of @entity5419 , are limited. OBJECTIVE: We sought to develop skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) thresholds with 95% PPVs for challenge-confirmed @entity5419 in a large population-based cohort of 1-year-old @entity1 with challenges undertaken irrespective of SPT wheal size or previous history of ingestion. METHODS: HealthNuts is a population-based, @entity5419 study with baseline recruitment of 1-year-old @entity1 . @entity1 were recruited from council-run immunization sessions during which they underwent SPTs to 4 allergens: egg, peanut, @entity5420 , and @entity291 's milk/shrimp. Any @entity1 with a detectable SPT response was invited to undergo oral food challenge and sIgE testing. RESULTS: Five thousand two hundred seventy-six @entity1 participated in the study. Peanut SPT responses of 8 mm or greater (95% CI, 7-9 mm), egg SPT responses of 4 mm or greater (95% CI, 3-5 mm), and @entity5420 SPT responses of 8 mm or greater (95% CI, 5-9 mm) had 95% PPVs for challenge-proved @entity5419 . Peanut sIgE levels of 34 kUA/L or greater (95% CI, 14-48 kUA/L) and egg sIgE levels of 1.7 kUA/L or greater (95% CI, 1-3 kUA/L) had 95% PPVs for challenge-proved @entity5419 . Results were robust when stratified on established risk factors for @entity5419 . Egg SPT responses and sIgE levels were poor predictors of @entity566 to egg in baked goods. CONCLUSION: These 95% PPVs, which were generated from a unique dataset, are valuable for the diagnosis of @entity5419 in young @entity1 and were robust when stratified across a number of different risk factors.

title: Skin prick test responses and allergen-specific IgE levels as predictors of peanut, egg, and XXXX @entity566 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'longitudinal food allergy']

answer: @entity5420 :: (4182,Species) :: ['sesame']


abstract: @entity404 cross-linking by @entity645 @entity7957 triggers @entity404 + T cell @entity204 . Several authors have suggested that this effect is mediated by @entity1197 , but this possibility is debated by other authors. In a previous work, we found by co-capping that @entity7957 (451) and gp120MN, but not @entity7957 , induce lateral association of @entity404 with @entity1197 on the T cell surface. In this work, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to confirm that @entity404 / @entity1197 lateral association is induced by @entity7957 (451), but not @entity7957 ( @entity7957 ). Moreover, we found that @entity7957 ability to induce the @entity404 / @entity1197 association correlates with ability to induce cell @entity204 , since @entity7957 (451) and @entity7957 MN induced higher levels of cell @entity204 than did @entity7957 in PHA-derived @entity404 + T cell lines. @entity1197 involvement in @entity7957 -induced cell @entity204 was confirmed by showing that @entity7957 (451) and gp120MN did not induce @entity204 in @entity404 + T cells derived from @entity1 with @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ) and decreased @entity1197 function. Cell @entity204 induced by gp120MN was inhibited by a recombinant @entity1197 /IgG.Fc molecule blocking the @entity1197 / @entity12 interaction. However, inhibition was late and only partial. These data suggest that the @entity7957 -induced @entity404 / @entity1197 association exerts a dual effect: an early effect that is independent of @entity12 and may be due to direct triggering of @entity1197 by @entity7957 , and a late effect that may be due to sensitization of @entity1197 to triggering by @entity12 . In line with the former effect, cell treatment with @entity7957 MN activated @entity522 in the presence of Fas/IgG.Fc, which shows that cell @entity204 induced by @entity7957 MN independently of @entity12 uses the same pathway as @entity1197 .

title: The cell @entity204 -inducing ability of glycoprotein 120 from different @entity645 strains correlates with their ability to induce XXXX lateral association with @entity1197 on @entity404 + T cells.

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune/lymphoproliferative disease', 'ALD']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Plasma protein fraction (PPF) contaminated by @entity37399 active fragment (XIIf) may cause @entity551 reactions when infused to @entity1 . This study was planned to assess in conscious normotensive @entity35 whether the blood pressure response to the factor XIIf is mediated by an activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system or by stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. To test whether the factor XIIf-induced blood pressure fall is due partially to an enhanced generation of vasodilating @entity2918 , the blood pressure effect of XIIf (1 microgram i.v.) was investigated 15 min after treatment with @entity3352 (5 mg i.v.), an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase. Factor XIIf reduced mean blood pressure similarly in @entity3352 - and vehicle-treated @entity35 (-23 +/- 4 mmHg, n = 5, and -23 +/- 5 mmHg, n = 4, respectively). Other @entity35 received factor XIIf 15 min after depletion of circulating prekallikrein by the administration of dextran sulfate. Thirty minutes after a 0.25 mg i.v. dose of this agent, plasma prekallikrein activity averaged 0.12 +/- 0.015 mumol/min/ml (n = 6) as compared to 2.48 +/- 0.31 mumol/min/ml in control @entity35 (n = 4, P less than .001). Factor XIIf decreased mean blood pressure by only 4 +/- 2 mm Hg in @entity35 pretreated with dextran sulfate. Thus, it was possible to blunt the acute @entity551 effect of factor XIIf by depleting circulating prekallikrein, but not by inhibiting prostaglandin production. This strongly suggests that the blood pressure effects of factor XIIf is mediated by a stimulation of the plasma @entity7199 -kinin system.

title: @entity551 effect of the active fragment derived from XXXX is mediated by an activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity37399 :: (306761(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['factor XII']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) affects a large number of @entity1 and is known to be a serious risk factor for @entity2299 . However, whether mild @entity1375 @entity1 should be treated with @entity1955 to improve lipid profiles remains controversial. In addition, it is also unclear whether all mild @entity1375 @entity1 can benefit from @entity1955 treatment regardless of basal thyrotropin or lipid levels. This study aimed to assess the effects of @entity1955 replacement therapy on the lipid profiles of mild @entity1375 @entity1 . METHODS: This open-label, randomized, controlled trial was performed in Ningyang County, Shandong Province, China. A total of 378 mild @entity1375 @entity1 with diagnoses confirmed by two thyroid function tests were randomly assigned to either the intervention group ( @entity1955 replacement therapy) or the control group (no treatment). The primary outcome was a change in serum total @entity165 (TC) concentration. RESULTS: In all, 369 @entity1 completed the 15-month follow-up period. Reduced TC concentrations were more prominent in the intervention group than in the control group (-0.41 mmol/L versus -0.17 mmol/L, p = 0.012), and changes to low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels exhibited the same trend. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of @entity1955 in @entity1 with different @entity7287 or TC levels. When the study population was stratified according to basal thyrotropin concentration, all @entity1 who had received @entity1955 showed reduced TC levels (all p < 0.001). The treatment was similarly beneficial for all @entity1 regardless of basal TC level. Even for subjects with TC levels less than 5.18 mmol/L, serum TC concentrations remained unchanged in the intervention group (p = 0.936) but increased by 0.35 mmol/L in the control group (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that mild @entity1375 @entity1 could benefit from @entity1955 treatment to improve lipid profiles regardless of basal thyrotropin or TC concentrations.

title: A Worthy Finding: Decrease in Total @entity165 and Low-density Lipoprotein @entity165 in Treated Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'SCH']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Subclinical Hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 met the appropriate criteria and accepted liver transplantation after successful downstaging therapies; however, the outcome in these @entity1 is unclear. We aim to compare the outcome of @entity1 meeting the Milan criteria at the beginning and after successful downstaging therapies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between July 2001 and January 2013, 112 @entity1 were diagnosed with early-stage @entity157 that met the Milan criteria. Of these @entity1 , 58 @entity1 did not meet the Milan criteria initially but did after successful downstaging therapies. We retrospectively collected and then compared the baseline characteristics, @entity260 , survival rate, and @entity5 recurrence rate of these two groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate the long-term overall survival and @entity5 -free survival in these @entity1 . RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to baseline donor and recipient characteristics. The downstaging Milan group showed similar @entity5 characteristics compared to the conventional Milan group, except the downstaging group had @entity5 histopathologic grading (P   =   0.027). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were comparable at 91.4, 82.8, and 70.7 %, respectively, in the downstaging Milan criteria and 92.0, 85.7, and 74.1 %, respectively, according to the initial Milan criteria (P   =   0.540). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity5 -free survival rates between the two groups were not statistically significant (P   =   0.667). CONCLUSION: Successful downstaging therapies can provide a comparable posttransplantation overall survival and @entity5 -free survival rates after liver transplantation.

title: Downstaging advanced XXXX to the Milan criteria may provide a comparable outcome to conventional Milan criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'better tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Light-induced chloroplast movement and attachment to the plasma membrane are dependent on @entity48296 filaments. In @entity958 , the short @entity48296 filaments on the chloroplast envelope, cp- @entity48296 filaments, are essential for chloroplast movement and positioning. Furthermore, cp- @entity48296 -filament-mediated chloroplast movement is necessary for the strong-light-induced nuclear avoidance response. The proteins @entity48297 ( @entity48297 ), @entity48298 FOR @entity48296 -BASED CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 ( @entity48299 ) and @entity48300 are required for the generation and/or maintenance of cp- @entity48296 filaments in @entity958 . In land plants, @entity48297 and KAC family proteins play pivotal roles in the proper movement of chloroplasts and their attachment to the plasma membrane. Here, we report similar but distinct phenotypes in chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements between @entity48297 and kac1kac2 mutants. Measurement of chloroplast photorelocation movement indicated that kac1kac2, but not @entity48297 , exhibited a clear strong-light-induced increase in leaf transmittance changes. The chloroplast movement in kac1kac2 depended on phototropin 2, @entity48297 and two other regulators for cp- @entity48296 filaments, PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED 1 and THRUMIN 1. Furthermore, kac1kac2 retained a weak but significant nuclear avoidance response although @entity48297 displayed a severe defect in the nuclear avoidance response. The kac1kac2chup1 triple mutant was completely defective in both chloroplast and nuclear avoidance responses. These results indicate that @entity48297 and the KACs function somewhat independently, but interdependently mediate both chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements.

title: Light-Induced Movements of Chloroplasts and Nuclei Are Regulated in Both Cp- @entity48296 -Filament-Dependent and -Independent Manners in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity48297 :: ('822157(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING 1', 'chup1', 'CHUP1']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reflux frequently occurs after a gastric conduit has replaced the resected esophagus. In this Swedish population-based cohort study, the potential antireflux effects of using cervical @entity254 , @entity13209 , or pyloric drainage, and a risk of @entity1282 due to cervical @entity254 and @entity13209 were studied. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction in 2001-2005 were included. @entity304 and @entity1282 were assessed 6  months and 3  years postoperatively using a validated questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-OES18). The study exposures were cervical @entity254 , antireflux @entity254 , and pyloric drainage procedure. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity-adjusted analyses based on multinomial logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounding. RESULTS: A total of 304 @entity1 were included in the study. Adjusted ORs for reflux symptoms were 0.9 (95  % CI 0.3-2.2) for @entity1 with a cervical @entity254 compared to @entity1 with an intrathoracic @entity254 , 0.9 (95  % CI 0.4-2.0) for @entity1 with an antireflux @entity254 versus @entity1 with a conventional @entity254 , and 1.5 (95  % CI 0.9-2.6) for @entity1 after pyloric drainage versus @entity1 without such a pyloric drainage procedure. @entity1282 was not statistically significantly increased after cervical @entity254 or antireflux @entity254 . ORs were virtually similar 3  years after surgery. No interactions were identified. The propensity analyses rendered similar results as the logistic regression models, except for a possibly increased @entity1282 with a cervical @entity254 . CONCLUSIONS: Cervical @entity254 , antireflux @entity254 , and pyloric drainage do not seem to prevent reflux symptoms 6  months or 3  years after esophagectomy for @entity5 with a gastric conduit.

title: Surgical prevention of reflux after esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic antireflux anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are reported in different @entity5 . However, there is no information on the temporal development of the mtDNA mutations/content alteration and their extent in normal and abnormal mucosa continuously exposed to @entity286 smoke in @entity2 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: We examined the pattern of mtDNA alteration (mtDNA mutation and content index) in 25 airway mucosal biopsies, corresponding @entity5 and normal lymph nodes obtained from three @entity1 with @entity2 . In addition, we examined the pattern of mtDNA mutation in corresponding @entity5 and normal lymph nodes obtained from eight other @entity1 with @entity2 . The entire 16.5 kb mitochondrial genome was sequenced on Affymetrix Mitochip v2.0 sequencing platform in every sample. To examine mtDNA content index, we performed real-time PCR analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The airway mucosal biopsies obtained from three @entity2 @entity1 were histopathologically negative but exhibited multiple clonal mtDNA mutations detectable in the corresponding @entity5 . One of the @entity1 was operated twice for the removal of @entity5 from the right upper and left lower lobe respectively within a span of two years. Both of these @entity5 exhibited twenty identical mtDNA mutations. MtDNA content increased significantly (P<0.001) in the @entity2 and all the histologically negative mucosal biopsies except one compared to the control lymph node. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results document the extent of massive clonal patches that develop in lifetime smokers and ultimately give rise to clinically significant @entity5 . These observations shed light on the extent of disease in the airway of smokers traceable through mtDNA mutation. MtDNA mutation could be a reliable tool for molecular assessment of respiratory epithelium exposed to continuous smoke as well as disease detection and monitoring. Functional analysis of the pathogenic mtDNA mutations may be useful to understand their role in lung tumorigenesis.

title: Following mitochondrial footprints through a long mucosal path to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'primary lung cancers']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) on topoisomerase II levels using western blotting method on MDAH 2774 @entity43 cell culture. Experimental designs were established to determine the cytotoxic effects of @entity9188 on MDAH 2774 cells and the IC50 (fatal dose for the 50% of cells) value. @entity137 experiments were carried out using various concentrations of @entity9188 . The @entity45094 (XTT) and @entity3460 dye-exclusion tests were used to evaluate @entity137 . Topoisomerase II expressions were investigated using western blotting method with various concentrations of @entity9188 . Densitometric analysis of topoisomerase 2 bands was carried out using Quantity One 1-D analysis software (Bio-Rad USA, Life Science Research, Hercules, CA). IC50 value of @entity9188 was found to be 5 x 10(-6) M for MDAH 2774 cells. When the bands were evaluated, it was observed that there was a decrease in topoisomerase II levels in MDAH 2774 cells with increasing concentrations of @entity9188 . It was also observed by the densitometric analysis that topoisomerase II expression ratios of MDAH 2774 cells were decreased by approximately 50% at this concentration. Topoisomerase II levels were significantly decreased with the increasing concentrations of @entity9188 . Inhibition of topoisomerase II enzyme was one of the antiproliferative influence mechanisms of @entity9188 .

title: XXXX exposure to @entity43 cells leads to decreased level of topoisomerase II and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity45094 :: ('MESH:C548251', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic trioxide']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) on hand-foot temperature gradients (foot temperature-hand temperature) induced by lumbar epidural anesthesia. Thirty-six ASA class 1 @entity1 undergoing rotatory acetabular osteotomy were randomly assigned to receive 0 gamma (n = 13), 0.005 gamma (n = 10) and 0.02 gamma (n = 13) of PGE1. Thermometric probes were placed on the palm and sole of each @entity1 . Bladder temperature was also monitored to evaluate the change of core temperature. Epidural catheter was indwelled at the level between L2 and L3 prior to induction and 2 % @entity3303 was administered epidurally. All @entity1 were warmed by water blanket at 37 degrees C and fluids for infusion warmed at 37 degrees C. Humidity and moisture exchanger was placed in breathing circuit. Hand-foot temperature gradients of @entity1 given 0 and 0.005 gamma of PGE1 increased to 2.8 +/- 1.5 and 2.3 +/- 2.3 degrees C at extubation, respectively. In contrast, temperature gradient of @entity1 given 0.02 gamma of PGE1 was 0.0 +/- 1.8 degrees C (P < 0.01). There was no difference among the values of bladder temperature in each group. The effects of PGE1 on mean arterial pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure were minimal. These data suggest that 0.02 gamma of PGE1 administration is effective to reduce hand-foot temperature gradient during epidural anesthesia.

title: [Effects of XXXX on temperature gradients between hand and foot during epidural anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunosuppressant drug which is extensively metabolized by the hepatic microsomal monooxygenases. Among other @entity137 , @entity870 is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic. In the present study, the @entity1110 -dependent cytochrome P450-supported metabolism of @entity870 to reactive metabolite(s) capable of covalently binding to proteins was studied. The covalent binding was inhibitable in vitro with classical cytochrome P450 inhibitors. The covalent binding of @entity870 metabolite(s) was induced six- to eightfold in liver microsomes from @entity35 of both sexes treated with @entity619 , suggesting that a P450 3A-related protein was involved in the covalent binding of @entity870 metabolite(s). However, the isozyme responsible was not P450 3A1 or 3A2, since inhibitory monoclonal antibodies to these isozymes did not inhibit the covalent binding. The binding was, however, inhibitable in vitro with cytochrome P450 3A substrates and inhibitors such as @entity2929 and @entity11182 . Greater amounts of @entity870 covalent binding occurred in liver microsomes from adult uninduced female @entity35 than males or immature @entity35 of either sex. Therefore, a female-specific isozyme of P450 present in adult female @entity35 liver microsomes, which may or may not be identical to a @entity619 -inducible isozyme, is also involved in the metabolism of @entity870 to form covalent binding metabolites. The covalent binding of @entity870 was 50% inhibited by @entity2041 . However, @entity2656 and @entity224 dismutase did not affect the binding. This suggested that at least some of the metabolites of @entity870 involved in covalent binding were electrophilic in nature; however, @entity3787 radicals and @entity224 anion radicals were not involved.

title: Characterization of XXXX cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the covalent binding of @entity205 to microsomal proteins.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity11182 :: ('MESH:D014217', 'Chemical') :: ['triacetyloleandomycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The in vitro antibacterial activity of @entity3400 and @entity2261 against 180 isolates of @entity5821 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae and of @entity3400 against 46 isolates of @entity796 was determined. @entity4509 , @entity801 , @entity7911 , @entity3398 , and @entity5503 were included for comparison. The activities of @entity3400 and @entity7911 against Enterobacteriaceae were comparable. @entity3400 was appreciably more active against @entity796 than @entity7911 and was equivalent in activity to @entity4509 on a weight basis. The following @entity3405 agents were the most active against the indicated organisms (in parentheses): @entity3398 ( @entity104 -positive @entity795 spp.), @entity2261 and @entity3398 , ( @entity4005 spp.), @entity3400 (Enterobacter spp.), @entity2261 and @entity3398 ( @entity526 ), @entity3400 and @entity3398 (Serratia spp.), and @entity3398 (Providencia spp.). @entity4509 inhibited 98% of Enterobacteriaceae at clinically achievable serum levels.

title: Susceptibility of @entity5821 -resistant gram-negative bacilli to @entity3400 , XXXX , and other selected antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin', 'amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin', 'piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity2261 :: (MESH:D002444,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of advised medical follow-up for adolescents with violence-related, nonsuicidal @entity130 versus other complaints. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ). @entity1 : All visits by adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years, during a one-week period from each season during 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/RESULTS: Advised medical follow-up for @entity1 sustaining violence-related @entity130 versus other complaints were compared. Four hundred twenty-six visits were reviewed; 351(82%) resulted in discharge from the @entity341 . Sixty-eight (16%) were classified as violence-related, nonsuicidal. Male adolescents were more likely to sustain violence-related @entity130 (66% vs 34%, P < 0.01). There were no differences in admission rate or having a primary care provider (PCP) between the violence-related injury group and the group with other complaints. Adolescents with other complaints were twice as likely to have follow-up advised. Presence of @entity212 and older age were also positively associated with advised follow-up. CONCLUSION: Adolescents sustaining violence-related @entity130 were less likely to have follow-up advised at the time of their @entity341 visit than were adolescents presenting with other complaints. Violently injured adolescents, at risk for recurrent @entity130 and @entity2673 , were less likely to have follow-up advised at the time of their @entity341 visit than were adolescents presenting with other complaints.

title: Advised follow-up after emergency treatment of adolescents with violence-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial sequelae']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['violent injuries', 'injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ), the 6th most common @entity5 in the world, is associated with smoking and has a low 5-year survival rate. Various changes have been described at different stages of @entity213 development, including overexpression of @entity4206 , a protein important for development of normal epidermal structures. @entity4206 has been suggested to activate @entity3546 , and nuclear accumulation of @entity3546 is an important event in many @entity5 . Elevated @entity2247 activity and overexpression of @entity470 protein has been shown in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity213 . An important question for the pathogenesis of @entity213 is when the genetic changes take place during the natural course of the disease, and whether they appear in clinically normal oral mucosa to predispose @entity5 development. We mapped the expression of @entity4206 , @entity2247 , @entity470 , @entity3546 , and @entity4333 in oral mucosa from smokers/non-smokers and from @entity1 with @entity213 . We also considered if changes occurring in @entity5 are present in the clinically normal tissue adjacent to the @entity5 . No direct influence of heavy smoking on the levels of the proteins studied could be seen. @entity5 and clinically normal non-neoplastic tissue from @entity213 @entity1 showed increased expression of @entity2247 and @entity4333 . Interestingly, non-neoplastic tissue adjacent to @entity213 also showed increased @entity3546 , although this was not seen in @entity5 . The data support the notion that pre-existing alterations in clinically normal epithelium exist in @entity1 with @entity213 and could be important for the pathogenesis of the disease and for local recurrences.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity2247 , @entity470 and @entity3546 in smokers and @entity1 with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck reveal variations in non-neoplastic tissue and no obvious changes in smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['SCCHN tumour', 'Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity4206 :: (8626,Gene) :: ['p63']


abstract: Functional imaging data suggest that the core network engaged in verbal semantic memory (SM) processing encompasses frontal and temporal lobe structures, with a strong left lateralization in normal right handers. The impact of long term @entity1315 ( @entity50575 ) on this network has only partly been elucidated. We studied verbal SM in 50 @entity1 with chronic, intractable @entity50575 (left @entity50575 , right @entity50575 =24) and 35 right handed normal controls using a verbal fMRI semantic decision paradigm. All @entity1 had language lateralized to the left hemisphere, as verified by the intracarotid amobarbital procedure. Within and between group analyses showed remarkable, group-specific activation profiles. The control group activated frontal and temporal areas bilaterally, with a strong left predominance. Left @entity50575 @entity1 showed a shift of activations of left frontal and medial temporal areas to homologous regions in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, left @entity50575 subjects utilized subcortical structures such as the thalamus and putamen to accomplish the verbal SM task. Contrastively, the activation pattern of right @entity50575 @entity1 resembled that of normal controls, but exhibited "hypofrontality" with a shift from frontal to posterior regions in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. Our results show that chronic @entity302 activity originating from temporal @entity410 foci is associated with an alteration of neural circuits which support semantic language processing and that side of @entity410 focus has a specific impact on the resulting activation network. These findings presumably result from morphological changes and from functional reorganization which are both inherent to chronic @entity50575 .

title: Neural correlates of verbal semantic memory in XXXX with @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the feasibility, complications, and outcomes of emergency extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in refractory cardiac arrests in medical intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in the medical ICU in a university hospital in collaboration with the cardiosurgical team of a neighboring hospital. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 (poisonings: 12/17) admitted over a 2-year period for @entity1167 unresponsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiac life support, without return of spontaneous circulation. INTERVENTIONS: ECLS femoral implantation under continuous cardiac massage, using a centrifugal pump connected to a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Stable ECLS was achieved in 14 of 17 @entity1 . Early complications included massive transfusions (n=8) and the need for surgical revision at the cannulation site for @entity548 (n=1). Four @entity1 (24%) survived at medical ICU discharge. @entity204 resulted from @entity177 (n=8), @entity548 (n=2), severe @entity295 (n=2), and @entity1620 (n=1). Massive @entity3126 during CPR (n=5) and major @entity2478 (n=6) were observed. Three @entity1370 @entity1 (18%, CPR duration: 30, 100, and 180 min) were alive at 1-year follow-up without sequelae. Two of these @entity1 survived despite elevated plasma @entity880 concentrations before cannulation (39.0 and 20.0 mmol/l). ECLS was associated with a significantly lower ICU mortality rate than that expected from the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (91.9%) and lower than the maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (>90%). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency ECLS is feasible in medical ICU and should be considered as a resuscitative tool for selected @entity1 suffering from refractory @entity1167 .

title: Emergency feasibility in medical intensive care unit of extracorporeal life support for refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'thoracic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic-poisoned']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Mortality from @entity583 is high. The pre-hospital phase is particularly important, because it involves a high risk for the @entity1 . @entity1167 is not uncommon. Other @entity943 may arise, or reduced left ventricular function may induce @entity4 or @entity1455 . The @entity1 should therefore be transported to hospital as soon as possible, and should be given @entity1286 and @entity26 . Several therapeutic principles reduce mortality from @entity583 . @entity3362 and @entity117 can be administered before transport to hospital. Nitrates, intravenous diuretics, @entity1286 and @entity26 are important for treating @entity4 , and should be administered as soon as possible. If equipment and expertise are available, a diagnosis of @entity2224 or @entity591 can be verified and defibrillation performed. Intravenous @entity3897 should be tried in cases of @entity1168 . Thrombolytic therapy represents a challenge, because early start of the treatment is essential in order to salvage threatened myocardium. Optimal treatment depends on quick transport to hospital, information to the hospital, and effective routines i hospital itself.

title: [Prehospital treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrates']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some @entity5 respond well to preoperative neoadjuvant therapy while others are inherently resistant or develop resistance during the treatment. To understand the mechanism underlying these differences, several markers that might be prognostic or predictive of downstaging in response to chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All were treated with preoperative chemoradiation (45Gy in 25 fractions+ @entity1487 ). @entity982 -embedded sections obtained before and after therapy were stained by H_E, for @entity2247 , and Ki67. In addition, @entity1096 and @entity650 concentrations were determined in blood samples obtained before, during, and after therapy. RESULTS: @entity2247 expression increased in 67% (n=8/12) of the @entity1 from a median of 0% before to 74% after therapy (p=0.009). Ki67 median positivity diminished from 90% to 45% in 83% (n=10/12) of cases (p=0.007). @entity1096 expression showed no significant changes during therapy, whereas @entity650 expression levels increased in 70% (n=19/27) of all @entity1 (p<0.001). For @entity1096 and @entity650 , @entity1 with a complete response tended to have lower pre-therapy levels. Moreover, @entity1096 was much higher before (p=0.02) and after therapy (p=0.01) in @entity1 who later developed @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Chemoradiotherapy seems to affect expression of @entity2247 and Ki67 which indicates that these proteins might be of importance in predicting long-term outcome. Moreover, @entity1096 might be a marker of @entity3 .

title: Molecular responses of XXXX to preoperative chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1096 :: ('6696', 'Gene') :: ['osteopontin', 'Osteopontin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether secretion of @entity1 b-defensin 2 ( @entity15875 ) is induced by bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) and to determine whether @entity15875 affects BCG internalisation in @entity150 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine whether @entity15875 mRNA increases after incubation with BCG. @entity15875 proteins in 5637 and @entity1 @entity1 @entity150 cell lines were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The internalisation rate was evaluated by double immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy to test the optimal dose of @entity15875 for BCG internalisation. We also investigated the difference in internalisation rates and cell viability between recombinant @entity15875 protein, anti- @entity15875 antibody, and @entity15875 plus anti- @entity15875 antibody pretreatments. RESULTS: BCG induced @entity15875 mRNA expression and @entity15875 production dose and time-dependently in @entity150 cells and affected BCG internalisation. Pretreatment with recombinant @entity15875 protein lowered internalisation of BCG dose-dependently. Moreover, anti- @entity15875 antibody prevented the effect of @entity15875 on BCG internalisation in @entity150 cells. The internalisation rate of BCG pretreated with anti- @entity15875 antibody was higher than that in the control in 5637 (P < 0.01) and @entity1 cells (P < 0.05). The BCG internalisation rate in cells pretreated with anti- @entity15875 antibody plus recombinant @entity15875 protein was higher than that in the control in 5637 (P < 0.01) and @entity1 cells (P < 0.05). @entity2497   BCG @entity150 cell viability, and anti- @entity15875 antibody prevented the inhibitory role of @entity15875 on the anti-proliferative effects of @entity2499   BCG in @entity150 cells CONCLUSION: @entity150 cells produce @entity15875 when they are infected by BCG to defend themselves against BCG internalisation, which plays an important role during the initiation and propagation of the immunotherapeutic response in @entity150 cells.

title: @entity1 b-defensin 2 may inhibit internalisation of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer', 'decreased bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']