abstract: The embryonic vertebrate heart is composed of two major chambers, a ventricle and an atrium, each of which has a characteristic size, shape and functional capacity that contributes to efficient circulation. Chamber-specific gene expression programs are likely to regulate key aspects of chamber formation. Here, we demonstrate that epigenetic factors also have a significant influence on chamber morphogenesis. Specifically, we show that an atrium-specific contractility defect has a profound impact on ventricular development. We find that the @entity3392 locus weak atrium encodes an atrium-specific myosin heavy chain that is required for @entity347 and contraction. Despite their @entity118 , weak atrium mutants can maintain circulation through ventricular contraction. However, the weak atrium mutant ventricle becomes unusually compact, exhibiting a thickened myocardial wall, a narrow lumen and changes in myocardial gene expression. As weak atrium/ @entity65142 is expressed only in the atrium, the ventricular phenotypes in weak atrium mutants represent a secondary response to @entity409 . Thus, not only is cardiac form essential for cardiac function, but there also exists a reciprocal relationship in which function can influence form. These findings are relevant to our understanding of @entity154 in cardiac chamber morphogenesis.

title: Mutation of weak atrium/ @entity65142 disrupts atrial function and influences ventricular morphogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity65142 :: ('386711(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial myosin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial defects']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myofibrillar organization']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic @entity490 can undergo numerous diagnostic tests with little change in their @entity158 . This study was undertaken to assess the utility of performing diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in @entity1 with chronic @entity490 for longer than 12 weeks. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy by the primary author were prospectively entered into a database for the 3-year period July 1, 1997 through June 30, 2000. The @entity1 ' demographic data, length of time with @entity158 , number of diagnostic studies performed before surgery, intraoperative findings, interventions, pathology, and long-term follow-up were determined. RESULTS: A total of 70 @entity1 (61 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ) with an average age of 42 years, underwent diagnostic laparoscopy only for the evaluation and treatment of chronic @entity490 . The average length of time with @entity158 was 74 weeks (range 12-260) and the average number of studies performed prior to surgical referral was 3.3. Fifty-three (76%) @entity1 had their procedures performed as outpatients, with the remainder admitted for observation status. The average length of operative time was 70 minutes; no cases required conversion to an open procedure and no complications occurred. Findings included adhesions in 39, a @entity547 in 13, adhesions from the appendix to adjacent structures in 6, appendiceal pathology in 5, @entity46 in 3, and gallbladder pathology in 2. Ten @entity1 had no obvious pathology. At the time of their initial postoperative visit, 90% reported their @entity158 to be gone or improved. After an average follow-up of 129 weeks, 71.4% had long-term @entity158 relief. All @entity1 with recurrence of @entity158 had it within the first 6 months. No @entity1 experienced any long-term complications and all reported satisfaction with their procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy has a significant diagnostic and therapeutic role in @entity1 with @entity1118 . Therapeutic laparoscopy studies have to follow-up with @entity1 at least 6 months. With @entity146 indicated therapeutic laparoscopy, including adhesiolysis, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, or @entity547 repairs, more than 70% of @entity1 can have improvement in their @entity158 .

title: Utility of laparoscopy in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5343 is a primary @entity2026 in adrenocortical hormones resulting from the progressive total destruction of the adrenal glands. CASE: A 15-year-old @entity1 consulted after four months of pigmentation on sun-exposed areas, with photosensitivity. She reported no weakness, no decline in her general status, and no @entity1866 . Cutaneous examination showed diffuse pigmentation of the face, the dorsal hands, the feet and palmar folds. Pigmented macules were also seen on the palms, soles, tongue and cheek mucosa. Blood and urinary electrolyte levels were within normal ranges. Plasma @entity701 was low, plasma @entity4545 high, and the synacthen test negative. These findings led us to diagnose @entity5343 . Antithyroid antibodies were noted without antinuclear factors or antiadrenal antibodies. The @entity1 was treated with @entity701 , 40 mg daily. Outcome was favorable. DISCUSSION: Because of the presence of isolated melanoderma of the sun-exposed areas and macular @entity5932 in this @entity1 , we tested for @entity5343 : hormonal testing confirmed the diagnosis. Because our @entity1 had no electrolyte disorders, @entity5343 might have remained unknown until the onset of @entity1887 . Etiology in this case was probably autoimmune. In the case of persistent pigmentation of sun-exposed areas, even isolated, @entity5343 must be considered and hormonal testing performed to avoid @entity1887 .

title: [Isolated cutaneous pigmentation: XXXX may be the cause].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['acute adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation of oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['global deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of beta-D-glucan on the experimental @entity6 @entity35 colon @entity254 model. BACKGROUND: Beta-D-glucan is a commonly used macrophage activator and promotes wound healing by increasing macrophage infiltration into the wound. The decrease in the function of macrophages and impaired wound healing can be observed in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Eighty Spraque-Dawley @entity35 were divided into 4 groups: colon @entity254 (group 1); colon @entity254 + @entity6 (group 2); colon @entity254 + beta-D-glucan (group 3); and colon @entity254 + beta-D-glucan + @entity6 (group 4). @entity6 was induced with @entity3839 (85 mg/kg), and glycemia was assessed before induction at days 14 and 17. Colon @entity254 was performed at day 14. Beta-D-glucan (100 mg/kg/day) was administered 2 days before colon @entity254 and given orally for 5 days. Relaparotomies were done 3 days after colon @entity254 , and anastomotic bursting pressures, anastomotic @entity720 levels, @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels, and histopathology examinations were studied. RESULTS: There were no differences among groups for @entity720 levels. The mean values of anastomotic bursting pressures in group 4 were significantly higher than those of group 2. The mean values of @entity1865 levels in group 2 were significantly lower than those of group 4. Group 2 showed a significant difference in the amount of @entity39 , accumulation of polmorphonuclear cells, and @entity4 when compared with groups 1, 3, and 4 (P < 0.001, P < 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that oral administration of beta-D-glucan significantly improves the impaired anastomotic healing in @entity35 with @entity6 .

title: Effects of Beta-d-glucan on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic colon anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the socioeconomic status, disease activity and @entity146 that contribute to the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Data were collected from 170 @entity1252 @entity1 and 210 healthy individuals. All of the @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for the classification of @entity1252 and underwent disease activity assessment according to the @entity1252 activity index (SLEDAI). Self-rated scales for @entity148 (SAS) and @entity308 ( @entity214 ) were used to evaluate the levels of @entity148 and @entity308 . The @entity1 ' general health status was measured using the Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire. To provide greater clarity regarding the determinants of HRQOL, path analysis was used to explore the relationships between the various predictors and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: @entity1252 @entity1 who have @entity308 and @entity148 are more likely to have a lower quality of life compared to those who are not depressed (r=-0.735, p<0.01; r=-0.684, p<0.01). All of the variables were significantly correlated with @entity308 except age, gender and marital status. Education was negatively correlated with disease activity (r=-0.272, p<0.05) and @entity148 (r=-0.312, p<0.01). Disease activity was positively correlated with @entity148 (r=0.198, p<0.05). In addition, work status also correlated with @entity148 (r=-0.294, p<0.01). A path-analytic models analysis suggested that the main influencing factors of HRQoL are the following: @entity308 , @entity148 , education level, income/family, disease activity, age, and work status. A   2 test (  215=17.71, p=0.28>0.05) indicated that the path analysis model had an adequate goodness of fit value. @entity308 (b=-0.616, p<0.05) contributed the most to HRQOL. @entity308 , @entity148 activity contributed to HRQoL both directly and indirectly through other factors. Socioeconomic factors such as education, income/family and work status, however, did not contribute directly to HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL in @entity1252 is influenced by disease activity and @entity146 . Socioeconomic status has no direct influence on the quality of life of @entity1252 @entity1 , while disease activity has a direct impact on the quality of life. @entity148 and @entity308 were significant predictors of poor HRQoL. Understanding how these factors are inter-related may help clinicians focus their assessments and develop strategies to improve the HRQoL of @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: The quality of life in Chinese @entity1 with XXXX is associated with disease activity and @entity146 : a path analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus', 'SLE disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety and disease', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) is a @entity66 in which a variety of distinct genetic alterations might occur. Recent attempts to identify the @entity1778 stem-like cells (LSC) have also indicated heterogeneity of these cells. On the basis of mathematical modeling and computer simulations, we have provided evidence that proliferation and self-renewal rates of the LSC population have greater impact on the course of disease than proliferation and self-renewal rates of @entity1778 blast populations, that is, @entity1778 progenitor cells. The modeling approach has enabled us to estimate the LSC properties of 31 individuals with relapsed @entity3052 and to link them to @entity1 survival. On the basis of the estimated LSC properties, the @entity1 can be divided into two prognostic groups that differ significantly with respect to overall survival after first relapse. The results suggest that high LSC self-renewal and proliferation rates are indicators of poor prognosis. Nevertheless, high LSC self-renewal rate may partially compensate for slow LSC proliferation and vice versa. Thus, model-based interpretation of clinical data allows estimation of prognostic factors that cannot be measured directly. This may have clinical implications for designing treatment strategies. @entity5 Res; 75(6); 940-9.   2015 AACR.

title: Cell Division Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem-like Cells Determine Clinical Course: A Model to Predict XXXX Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: An immunohistochemical analysis for E(epithelial)-cadherin and N(neural)-cadherin expression in relation to @entity5 angiogenesis was performed in 150 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In all, 71 @entity189 (47.3%) were @entity5962 -negative. Epithelial-cadherin-negative @entity5 had lymph node metastases significantly more frequently than @entity5962 -positive @entity5 (P=0.0100). On the other hand, 46 @entity189 (30.7%) were @entity6076 -positive. @entity5 vascularity, there was no significant correlation between @entity5962 expression and @entity5 vascular. In contrast, the frequency of @entity5 was significantly higher for @entity6076 -positive @entity189 than for @entity6076 -negative @entity189 (P=0.0373). Regarding prognosis, the 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5962 -negative NSCLCs was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with @entity5962 -positive NSCLCs (P=0.0146). In contrast, of the @entity1 with @entity152 , the 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity6076 -positive @entity5 was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with @entity6076 -negative @entity5 (P=0.0013). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity5962 status (P=0.0339) and @entity5 vascularity (P=0.0295) were significant indicators for survival. In conclusion, @entity5962 expression and @entity5 vascularity are significant prognostic factors of @entity1149 @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity6076 expression is associated with @entity5 angiogenesis, and its expression is one of prognostic factors of @entity1 with @entity152 . Thus, @entity6076 also might play a specific role in undifferentiated @entity152 .

title: @entity6076 expression associated with angiogenesis in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regarding tumour', 'tumours', 'hypervascular tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Untreated cultures from normal chorionic villus (CV) or @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) samples displayed dramatic cell passage-dependent increases in aberrations in the juxtacentromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1 or 16 (1qh or 16qh). They showed negligible levels of chromosomal aberrations in primary culture and no other consistent @entity2008 at any passage. By passage 8 or 9, 82 +/- 7% of the CV metaphases from all eight studied samples exhibited 1qh or 16qh decondensation and 25 +/- 16% had rearrangements in these regions. All six analyzed late-passage @entity6703 cultures displayed this regional decondensation and recombination in 54 +/- 16 and 3 +/- 3% of the metaphases, respectively. Late-passage skin fibroblasts did not show these aberrations. The @entity2008 resembled those diagnostic for the @entity751 ( @entity465 , centromeric region instability, and @entity154 ). ICF @entity1 have constitutive hypomethylation at satellite 2 DNA (Sat2) in 1qh and 16qh, generally as the result of mutations in the DNA methyltransferase gene @entity15894 . At early and late passages, CV DNA was hypomethylated and @entity6703 DNA was hypermethylated both globally and at Sat2. @entity16610 , @entity15786 , or @entity15894 RNA levels did not differ significantly between CV and @entity6703 cultures or late and early passages. The high degree of methylation of Sat2 in late-passage @entity6703 cells indicates that hypomethylation of this repeat is not necessary for 1qh decondensation. Sat2 hypomethylation may nonetheless favor 1qh and 16qh anomalies because CV cultures, with their Sat2 hypomethylation, displayed 1qh and 16qh decondensation and rearrangements at significantly lower passage numbers than did @entity6703 cultures. Also, CV cultures had much higher ratios of ICF-like rearrangements to heterochromatin decondensation in chromosomes 1 and 16. These cultures may serve as models to help elucidate the biological consequences of cancer-associated satellite DNA hypomethylation.

title: Prolonged culture of normal chorionic villus cells yields XXXX -like chromatin decondensation and rearrangements.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['ICF syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'amniotic fluid-derived']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality', 'chromosomal anomalies']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['ICF syndrome']


abstract: Background: There are few studies focusing on the clinical characteristics of @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ). Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical features of our @entity1 and their relationship with sun exposure. Methods: Thirty-six @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3852 (20 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , mean age 72.08 years) were included in the study. Results: 21 @entity1 developed @entity3852 in sun-exposed skin and 15 @entity1 in non-sun-exposed areas. @entity3852 was >2 cm in 19 cases. Six of the 7 @entity1 who died as a result of @entity3852 had non-sun-exposed @entity5 . Only @entity5 size >2 cm significantly influenced survival (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Sun-exposed lesions tended to be <2 cm in diameter and were more common in @entity1 , while non-sun-exposed @entity5 were larger, usually occurring in @entity1 and carrying a greater likelihood of @entity204 by @entity3852 . Non-sun-exposed @entity5 usually present as fast-growing, multilobar nodular lesions with a smooth shiny surface.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX : Differences between Sun-Exposed and Non-Sun-Exposed Variants - A Clinical Analysis of 36 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Autophagy has emerged as an important process in the pathogenesis of @entity65 , but the proximal triggers for autophagy are unknown. @entity2178 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity1283 and @entity712 . In this study, we used @entity2178 type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) and type 2 ( @entity1129 (2)) receptor-expressing adenoviruses in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes to provide the first demonstration that neonatal cardiomyocyte autophagic activity is differentially modulated by @entity1129 (1) and @entity1129 (2) receptor subtypes. @entity2178 stimulation (48 hours) of neonatal cardiomyocytes expressing the @entity1129 (1) receptor alone (Ad- @entity1129 (1); 10 multiplicities of @entity281 ) induced a significant increase in the number of HcRed-LC3 autophagosomes per cell (17.3+/-1.6 versus 33.3+/-4.1 autophagosomes per cell; P<0.05). Coexpression of a high ratio of @entity1129 (2): @entity1129 (1) (Ad- @entity1129 (2):Ad- @entity1129 (1) multiplicity of @entity281 ratio: 20:5) receptors completely abrogated the @entity1129 (1)-mediated increase in autophagy (9.3+/-1.4 versus 33.3+/-4.1 autophagosomes per cell; P<0.05). Treatment with the @entity1129 (2) receptor antagonist @entity11083 did not reverse the @entity1129 (2)-mediated antiautophagic effect. @entity1129 (1)- and @entity1129 (2)-mediated autophagic responses were also assessed in cardiomyocytes from a genetic model that exhibits neonatal myocardial growth suppression. In these neonate myocyte cultures, @entity1129 (1) receptor activation induced a marked increase in the number of myocytes containing cytoplasmic vacuoles compared with the control (22.7+/-4.1% versus 1.1+/-0.6%; P<0.001) and was characterized by a nonapoptotic autophagic phenotype. The incidence of cardiomyocyte autophagic vacuolization in this myocyte population decreased dramatically to only 0.4+/-0.2% in myocytes infected with a high ratio of Ad- @entity1129 (2):Ad- @entity1129 (1). This study provides the first description of reciprocal regulation of cardiomyocyte autophagic induction by the @entity1129 (1) and @entity1129 (2) receptor subtypes.

title: @entity2178 type 2 receptor antagonizes XXXX type 1 receptor-mediated cardiomyocyte autophagy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data from the Acute Infarction @entity3372 Efficacy (AIRE) study were used in a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the incremental cost per @entity1017 ( @entity1017 ) when the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3372 was added to conventional treatment in @entity1 with @entity712 after @entity583 . In the AIRE trial, the addition of @entity3372 significantly lowered rates of total mortality and rehospitalisation due to @entity712 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) provider in Germany. A modelling approach was used which was based on secondary analysis of existing data, and costs were those incurred by SHI (i.e. expenses of SHI). In the base-case analysis, average case-related expenses of SHI were applied and @entity1017 were quantified by the method of Kaplan and Meier. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of @entity3372 varied between 2500 and 8300 deutschmarks (DM) per @entity1017 (1993 values for inpatient and 1995 values for outpatient treatment; @entity5471 approximately  US0.70), according to the treatment periods of 3.8 years and 1 year, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, the robustness of the model and its results was shown when the extent of influence of different model variables on the base-case results was investigated. First, survival probability and @entity1017 were estimated according to the Weibull method. Second, the dependency of the target variable (i.e. incremental cost per @entity1017 ) on random variables was described in a simulation. Third, the influence of the model variables on the target variable was quantified using a deterministic model. The variance of the target variable was broad and the hospitalisation impact of adding @entity3372 to conventional treatment was an independent variable with much greater influence on the target variable than the parameter of clinical effectiveness, i.e. the number of @entity1017 . CONCLUSION: Results of this evaluation showed that @entity3372 has a favourable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the treatment of @entity712 in post @entity583 @entity1 and can be considered an economical therapeutic agent from the perspective of SHI (third-party payer) in Germany.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of @entity3372 in @entity712 after XXXX . Economic evaluation of the Acute Infarction @entity3372 Efficacy (AIRE) study for Germany from the perspective of Statutory Health Insurance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['LYG', 'life-year gained']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether induction of labor with oral @entity396 will result in fewer cesarean deliveries than intravenous @entity398 in nulliparous @entity1 with @entity397 of membranes at term. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred five @entity1 at 10 centers were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity396 , 100 microg every 6 hours to a maximum of two doses or intravenous @entity398 . The primary outcome measure was cesarean deliveries. Secondary outcomes were time from induction to vaginal delivery and measures of maternal and neonatal safety. RESULTS: The study was stopped prematurely because of recruitment difficulties. We present the results for the 305 enrolled @entity1 . There was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 who underwent cesarean delivery (20.1% in the @entity396 group, 19.9% in the @entity398 group). The time interval from induction to vaginal delivery was also similar (11.9 hours for the @entity396 group, and 11.8 hours for the @entity398 group). Maternal and neonatal safety outcomes were similar for the two treatments. More @entity1 born to @entity1 in the @entity396 group received intravenous antibiotics in the neonatal period (16.4% vs 6.9%, P=.01), although there were no differences in @entity5870 or in proven neonatal infections. @entity1 receiving @entity396 were less likely to have postpartum @entity548 than those receiving @entity398 (1.9% vs 6.2%, P=.05). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity396 does not offer any advantage in time from induction to vaginal delivery or risk of cesarean section.

title: The MisoPROM study: a multicenter randomized comparison of oral @entity396 and XXXX for @entity397 of membranes at term.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to compare @entity1 -reported quality of life (PRQOL) evolution between two groups of @entity454 @entity1 with @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ). The first with a @entity4046 prescription within 3   months after a diagnosis of @entity3528 (early group) and a second group of @entity1 with a later or no @entity4046 prescription (nonearly group). @entity1 AND METHODS: From 2009 to 2012, we conducted a multicenter pharmaco-epidemiologic study in Lorraine region (France) including all consecutive @entity1 on maintenance dialysis for at least 3   months with a diagnosis of @entity3528 ( @entity461   >   500   pg/ml or first @entity4046 prescription). PRQOL was estimated using the @entity8 Quality Of Life-Short Form questionnaire, at baseline and at 6 and 12   months follow-up. Change in PRQOL was compared between the groups and adjusted with a propensity score. RESULTS: We included 124 @entity1 : 44 in the early group and 80 in the nonearly group. The mental component summary score was lower in the early group, at baseline (43.6        6.6 vs 46.6        7.6; p   =   0.030), and at the follow-up assessment (42.6        6.9 vs 45.7        7.9; p   =   0.033). We found no difference between the groups in change in PRQOL, for all dimensions, even after adjustment with the propensity score. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels were normal in both groups at baseline (80.9        32.5 vs 95.1        39.6; p   =   0.41). CONCLUSION: @entity4046 prescription immediately following diagnosis of @entity3528 does not seem to be associated with better PRQOL evolution at 1   year. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels suggest that physicians should consider waiting for another @entity461 assay result before starting @entity4046 in case of a @entity461 rise.

title: Influence on quality of life from an early @entity4046 prescription for XXXX in dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'SHPT']

entities_list: @entity4046 :: ('MESH:C476217', 'Chemical') :: ['Cinacalcet', 'cinacalcet']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effect of @entity0 cells on the normal function of osteoblasts remains unclear. This study was to investigate the effect of conditioned medium from two types of @entity1 @entity0 lines on osteoblastic proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. METHODS: Fetal @entity35 carvarial cells were treated with conditioned medium from MCF-7 estrogen-receptor(ER) positive, or MDA-MB-231 ER negative, @entity0 cells. Proliferation was measured by MTT assay, @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity was assessed by the p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) method, and mineralized nodules were confirmed by alizarin red S (ARS) staining and the area of bone nodules was measured to observe the mineralization capacity. RESULTS: When osteoblasts were treated with conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7, the cells became long and spindle-like, assumed a fibroblastic morphology. Conditioned medium from @entity0 cells inhibited proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, compared with those cultured with vehicle control medium. The proliferation inhibition rates of culture with 50% conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells on osteoblasts were 18.1%, 13.0%, 19.2%, 19.3% and 15.8%, 20.8%, 33.9%, 28.7% on day 1, day 3, day 5, and day 7, respectively (P<0.01). Moreover, incubation with conditioned medium inhibited @entity623 activity and bone-nodule formation of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of 50% conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells inhibited @entity623 activity by 31.9% and 47.5% (P<0.01), and diminished the area of bone nodules by 89% and 74%, respectively, compared with the vehicle control group. CONCLUSION: @entity0 cells inhibit proliferation, decrease @entity623 activity and disrupt the mineralization process of osteoblasts.

title: [Inhibitory effects of XXXX cells on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts].

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A triad of @entity1457 , @entity1001 , and large alveolar dead space is proposed for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of massive @entity1151 . A 17year-old female on oral contraceptives collapsed at home becoming incoherent with shallow breathing. Paramedics initiated mechanical chest compression and transported the @entity1 to our emergency department, arriving minimally responsive with undetectable blood pressure but having positive corneal reflexes and @entity1168 with wide QRS. The @entity825 was intubated and goal-directed echocardiography revealed marked @entity1001 with septal flattening. The arterial PCO2 was 40mmHg with an end-tidal PCO2 of 8mmHg, revealing a large alveolar dead space. Persistent @entity551 , @entity1168 , and fading alertness despite @entity1425 and @entity1063 infusions prompted resumption of chest compression. Intravenous alteplase (10mg bolus over 10min followed by 90mg over 110min) begun 125min after collapse improved hemodynamic function within 10min allowing discontinuation of chest compression. Five and a half hours after starting alteplase, the @entity1 was hemodynamically stable and had normal end-tidal PCO2. A CT-angiogram showed the @entity1151 but a @entity715 in the right common iliac vein. The @entity1 recovered fully and was discharged home on @entity1229 8days later. Based on this and other reports, we propose a triad of @entity1457 , @entity1001 , and large alveolar dead space for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of massive @entity1151 , with systemic fibrinolysis as the first-line intervention.

title: XXXX , @entity1001 , and alveolar dead space: A triad for the rapid diagnosis of massive @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary arteries free of emboli']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Circulatory collapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the possible beneficial effects of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy for @entity1 with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Three @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1781 who received @entity1500 . Two @entity1 had tissue biopsies consistent with @entity370 , and 1 @entity1 had clinically diagnosed @entity370 based on laboratory and radiographic studies. All 3 @entity1 developed side effects with corticosteroid treatment of their @entity1781 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated with weekly doses of oral @entity1500 and monitored with neuro-ophthalmic, medical, and laboratory examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, automated perimetry, and reduction of oral @entity229 therapy. RESULTS: After initiation of @entity1500 , all 3 @entity1 showed an improvement or stabilization of visual acuity. All @entity1 had a decrease in their corticosteroid requirements, and all had improved or stabilized @entity227 . One of the 3 @entity1 developed @entity1431 that necessitated a reduction of the @entity1499 dose. CONCLUSION: @entity1499 may be effective for @entity1781 as an adjunct to corticosteroid therapy or as an alternative for @entity228 -intolerant @entity1 . Oral @entity1500 reduced the corticosteroid requirements of 3 @entity1 with @entity1781 , and all 3 demonstrated stable or improved visual function.

title: Use of XXXX in @entity1781 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['SAON', 'sarcoid-associated optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: 62 SSF sand-based constructed wetlands in Germany, Austria and Switzerland have been evaluated for their @entity3151 performance. In addition intensive investigations on the removal of @entity3151 and its accumulation within the filter bed were conducted at five wetlands. For the performance of horizontal flow (HF) reed beds a regression equation could be derived. This was not possible for @entity450 ( @entity450 ) reed beds. The best removal efficiency was observed from HF systems with hydraulic loading rates of 10 mm d(-1) or less. 50 percent of all investigated HF wetlands had an average P output concentration of less than 2.1 mg l(-1) in comparison to 3.3 mg l(-1) of @entity450 wetlands. Saturation, seasonal and redox effects could be derived from time series analysis of the performance rate and further investigations of a well monitored @entity450 reed bed. The retention of @entity3151 was highest during the warm season. A small positive effect on @entity3151 removal was observed with intermittent low redox levels. Soil analyses showed the highest accumulation of P within the influent zone of either HF or @entity450 wetlands.

title: Investigations on XXXX retention in subsurface flow constructed wetlands.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['vertical flow', 'VF']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Depression, @entity167 use disorders and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) are serious issues among military personnel due to their impact on operational capability and individual well-being. Several military forces screen for these disorders using scales including the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ( @entity7434 ), @entity167 Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and @entity1005 Checklist (PCL). However, it is unknown whether established cutoffs apply to military populations. This study is the first to test the diagnostic accuracy of these three scales in a population-based military cohort. A large sample of currently-serving Australian Defence Force (ADF) Navy, Army and Air Force personnel (n   =   24,481) completed the @entity7434 , AUDIT and PCL-C (civilian version). Then, a stratified sub-sample (n   =   1798) completed a structured diagnostic interview detecting 30-day disorder. Data were weighted to represent the ADF population (n   =   50,049). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses suggested all three scales had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, with areas under the curve from 0.75 to 0.93. AUDIT and @entity7434 screening cutoffs closely paralleled established cutoffs, whereas the PCL-C screening cutoff resembled that recommended for US military personnel. These self-report scales represent a cost-effective and clinically-useful means of screening personnel for disorder. Military populations may need lower cutoffs than civilians to screen for @entity1005 . Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The validity of military screening for mental health problems: diagnostic accuracy of the PCL, XXXX and AUDIT scales in an entire military population.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'Post-traumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity7434 :: (3858,Gene) :: ['K10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity358 is a rare disease that occurs mainly in @entity1 of reproductive age. The clinical characteristics include recurrent @entity5229 and progressive @entity1353 . The features of chest computed tomography are nearly pathognomonic with the detection of bilateral thin-walled cysts. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided @entity662 , which aggravated during inspiration, @entity1353 at exertion, and cough. She had a history of bilateral recurrent @entity5229 . Physical examination showed reduced pulmonary sounds on the right side. Chest X-ray confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent right-sided pneumothorax. Computed tomography showed multiple bilateral bullae. Video-assisted pleurectomy, bulla resection, and @entity4530 were performed. The diagnosis of @entity358 was confirmed by pulmonary biopsy. After pleurectomy, the @entity1 remained symptom-free without recurrent pneumothorax. CONCLUSION: @entity358 is a rare cause of recurrent pneumothorax and should be considered a differential diagnosis, especially in young @entity1 with diffuse bilateral @entity2415 or @entity2916 .

title: [ @entity358 as a rare cause of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bulla coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose and the @entity137 profile of the PDGF receptor pathway inhibitor @entity6963 in pediatric @entity1 with refractory solid @entity5 , and to define the plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6963 and its active metabolite @entity63111 in @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 between 3 and 21 years of age with CNS @entity5 , @entity521 , or @entity242 refractory to standard therapy were eligible. The starting dose of @entity6963 was 230 mg/m(2) per day administered as a 96-h continuous infusion every 21 days. Blood for pharmacokinetic analysis was obtained during the first cycle. RESULTS: Entered into the trial were 27 @entity1 , and 24 were fully evaluable for @entity137 . Dose-limiting @entity149 was observed in two @entity1 at the 440 mg/m(2) per day dose level. Non-dose-limiting @entity137 included @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity10 , @entity1295 , abdominal discomfort, @entity294 , @entity111 , @entity448 , @entity1142 , and paresthesias. There were no complete or partial responses. One @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity2269 round-cell @entity5 experienced symptomatic improvement and prolonged stable disease. Steady-state concentrations of @entity6963 were rapidly achieved and proportional to dose. The concentration of @entity63111 was 100- to 1000-fold greater than that of @entity6963 . The median clearance of @entity63111 was 0.19 l/day per m(2) and its terminal elimination half-life was 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6963 administered on this schedule was generally well tolerated. The maximum tolerated dose of @entity6963 is 390 mg/m(2) per day for 4 days repeated every 3 weeks. The @entity2359 observed at the 440 mg/m(2) per day dose level suggests that @entity1 receiving repetitive cycles must be monitored closely, as @entity63111 may accumulate over time.

title: Pediatric phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor pathway inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['SU101']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) in @entity1 is a clinical entity that was believed to be infrequent but, as methods of diagnosis by means of imaging techniques and immunological tests have improved, it has become possible to confirm more cases. This disease has been reported as being most prevalent in developing countries but over the past few years there has also been an increase in the incidence in developed countries. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined the clinical records of paediatric @entity1 admitted to the Hospital Cayetano Heredia, in Lima, Peru, between 1993 and 1998. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software package. RESULTS: A sample made up of 52 @entity1 was obtained (n= 52), of which two were excluded because they were being treated at the same time with antituberculosis and anthelmintic drugs. Of these 50 @entity1 , 22 were males (44%) and 28 females (56%). Average age was 7.86 years old (interval: 7 months 15 years). Diagnosis was definite in 26% of them, probable in 50% and possible in the remaining 24%. 36% reported that they raised @entity1707 at home and had travelled to endemic areas. The @entity410 was the most frequent clinical presentation, followed by endocranial @entity101 . The single lesions were often identified in imaging studies (64.3%). 36.8% of the @entity1 were found to be seropositive. 90% of the @entity1 were receiving treatment with anticonvulsive drugs and almost 70% with @entity3753 and corticoids. DISCUSSION: This study represents the first attempt to find out more about the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the Peruvian @entity1 population who are diagnosed as having @entity6583 . The findings do not differ from those obtained in previous studies in other countries.

title: [ XXXX in a paediatric population in Lima: an epidemiological and clinical analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NCC', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['Neurocysticercosis']


abstract: Clinical @entity1271 in dairy @entity291 has for many years been the subject of numerous epidemiological surveys to determine the main risk factors. In most cases this data has been analysed using a standard Poisson model without taking into consideration possible @entity734 between consecutive pathological events. These analyses have brought to light a great many potential risk factors without making it possible to clarify a certain amount of @entity911 surrounding the effects. The extension of an individual within a lactation model, considering @entity734 between clinical cases of @entity1271 within lactation so as to take into account inter-lactation @entity734 (which has already been published) is presented in the form of mixed distributions within the same survival model framework. By introducing new parameters, @entity281 rate at calving and the identification of a higher exogenous @entity281 rate indoors than at pasture, it is possible to take into consideration what had previously appeared to be a lactation stage factor, a calving month factor or even part of a parity factor. By considering these two types of @entity734 within the same model, it appears to be possible to obtain a simpler model in terms of the factors to be taken into account, and one that is based on generally acknowledged and easily understandable biological considerations. Lastly, a possible way of extending the model is to consider the dry period before calving and this is presented. This would make it possible to envisage developing a complete model of the animal's lifetime in the not-too-distant future. It is still necessary, however, to determine the farming system factors in the general sense of the term, which specifically affect one or the other of the different model parameters, before one can draw conclusions as to the potential extension of this type of model. A national survey is currently being carried out on approximately 600 French breeding farms that will help meet this last objective.

title: An individual modelling tool for within and between lactation consecutive cases of clinical @entity1271 in the dairy XXXX : an approach based on a survival model.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the effects of 2 modes of delivering an @entity565 educational intervention on health outcomes and @entity565 self-management in school-aged @entity1 who live in rural areas. METHODS: Longitudinal design with data collected 4 times over 12 months. The target sample was composed of @entity1 in grades 2-5 who had a provider diagnosis of @entity565 . Elementary schools were stratified into high or low socioeconomic status based on student enrollment in the free or reduced-cost lunch program. Schools were then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms: in-school @entity565 class, @entity565 day camp, or the attention-control group. FINDINGS: Sample retention was good (87.7%) and equally distributed by study arm. Improvements in emergency department visits and office visits were related to attending either the @entity565 class or @entity565 day camp. Asthma severity significantly decreased in both @entity565 treatment groups. Other factors such as hospitalizations, parent @entity565 management, and @entity1 @entity565 management improved for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity565 class and @entity565 day camp yielded significant reductions in @entity565 severity. There were reductions in the emergency department and office visits for the 2 @entity565 arms, and hospitalizations declined significantly for all groups. Asthma self-management also improved in all groups, while it was somewhat higher in the @entity565 arms. This may be due to the attention being drawn to @entity565 management by study participation and the action of completing questionnaires about @entity565 management, @entity565 symptoms, and health outcomes.

title: Enhancing Asthma Self-Management in Rural School-Aged XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involuntary @entity353 (IWL) is a non-specific symptom frequently found in the setting of a @entity5 . There is no established diagnostic approach for @entity1 presenting with isolated IWL, i.e. without data suggesting a particular organ @entity66 . AIM: To assess the clinical probability of @entity5 in @entity1 with isolated IWL by means of a score based on simple clinical and laboratory parameters. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis, followed by prospective model validation. METHODS: We analysed data from 328 @entity1 who were treated at our Internal Medicine Department because of isolated IWL from January 1991 to December 1997. A predictive model for @entity5 was developed and validated. For use in clinical practice, a prediction score was derived from the regression model. RESULTS: There were 236 in- @entity1 (72%) and 92 out- @entity1 (28%). @entity5 were the most frequent cause of isolated IWL (35%), followed by @entity146 (24%). Age, white blood count, and serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were selected as the best predictors. The regression model discriminated relatively well between @entity1 with or without a @entity5 (area under the ROC curve 0.90, 95%CI 0.88-0.92). Model sensitivity was 69%, specificity 93% and positive likelihood ratio 9.9 (using a cut-off point of 0.5). DISCUSSION: We believe this to be the first study to attempt a systematic approach to the diagnosis of isolated IWL. The approach, based on very simple clinical and laboratory data, should assist the physician in a rational approach to such @entity1 .

title: Involuntary @entity353 without specific symptoms: a clinical prediction score for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['involvement or system disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignancies', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neoplasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been established as standard treatment for locally advanced @entity5 after first results of the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 [Working Group of Surgical Oncology/Working Group of Radiation Oncology/Working Group of Medical Oncology of the Germany @entity5 Society] trial, published in 2004, showed an improved local control rate. However, after a median follow-up of 46 months, no survival benefit could be shown. Here, we report long-term results with a median follow-up of 134 months. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 823 @entity1 with @entity5 were randomly assigned to preoperative CRT with @entity1487 (FU), total mesorectal excision surgery, and adjuvant FU chemotherapy, or the same schedule of CRT used postoperatively. The study was designed to have 80% power to detect a difference of 10% in 5-year overall survival as the primary end point. Secondary end points included the cumulative incidence of local and distant relapses and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Of 799 eligible @entity1 , 404 were randomly assigned to preoperative and 395 to postoperative CRT. According to intention-to-treat analysis, overall survival at 10 years was 59.6% in the preoperative arm and 59.9% in the postoperative arm (P = .85). The 10-year cumulative incidence of local relapse was 7.1% and 10.1% in the pre- and postoperative arms, respectively (P = .048). No significant differences were detected for 10-year cumulative incidence of distant metastases (29.8% and 29.6%; P = .9) and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: There is a persisting significant improvement of pre- versus postoperative CRT on local control; however, there was no effect on overall survival. Integrating more effective systemic treatment into the multimodal therapy has been adopted in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial to possibly reduce distant metastases and improve survival.

title: Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II to III rectal cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2040 is a major @entity4801 , increasingly imported into temperate climates by immigrants from and travelers to endemic areas. METHOD: To generate valid data on imported infectious diseases to Europe and to recognize trends over time, the European Network on Imported Infectious Diseases Surveillance (TropNetEurop) was founded in 1999. Three hundred and thirty-three reports of @entity2040 were analyzed for epidemiologic and clinical features. RESULTS: Male @entity1 accounted for 64% of all cases. The average age of all @entity1 was 29.5 years. The majority of @entity1 were of European origin (53%). Europeans traveled predominantly for tourism (52%). Main reasons for travel for @entity1 from endemic areas were immigration and refuge (51%) and visits to relatives and friends (28%). The majority of @entity281 were acquired in Africa; 92 @entity281 were clearly attributable to @entity4114 , 130 to @entity380 , and 4 to @entity380 intercalatum. @entity2039 was the only treatment used. No deaths were recorded. CONCLUSION: TropNetEurop sentinel provides valuable epidemiologic and clinical data on imported @entity2040 to Europe.

title: Imported XXXX in Europe: sentinel surveillance data from TropNetEurop.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosoma']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis', 'Schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['Praziquantel']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3745 is an important agricultural pest with worldwide distribution and host preference. Therefore, understanding the biology of this pest is important to devise specific pest control strategies. The antennae of herbivorous insects play an important role in the identification of hosts using plant volatiles. To understand the features of antennae in @entity3745 MEAM 1(formerly known as biotype 'B') and @entity1610 (formerly known as biotype 'Q'), the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla were examined using scanning electron micrographs. The results showed that the average antennae length in MEAM 1 was longer than @entity1610 . No differences were observed in the number and distribution of antennal sensilla in MEAM 1 and @entity1610 antennae; each antenna had nine different @entity164 . Both cryptic species possessed Microtrichia, Grooved surface trichodea sensilla, Chaetae sensilla, Coeloconic sensilla   and   , Basiconic sensilla    ,     and     and @entity3370 . This is the first report of Grooved surface trichodea sensilla and Basiconic sensilla     on @entity3745 flies. The numbers of Chaetae sensilla were different in the females and males of MEAM 1 and @entity1610 , which females having 5 and males containing 7. The surface structure of Basiconic sensilla     was different with MEAM 1 showing a multiple-pitted linen surface and @entity1610 showing a multiple-pitted pocking surface. Basiconic sensilla    were double in one socket with the longer one having a multiple-pitted surface and the shorter one with a smooth surface. @entity3370 were longer in MEAM 1 antennae than in @entity1610 antennae. Our results are expected to further the studies that link morphological characteristics to insect behavior and help devise strategies to control insect pests.

title: Comparison of the Antennal Sensilla Ultrastructure of Two Cryptic Species in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['Finger-like sensilla', 'Basiconic     and Finger-like sensillae']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['types of sensilla']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci', 'B. tabaci']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Species) :: ['Bemisia tabaci']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure affects the mechanics of voiding in @entity1 with genuine stress incontinence (GSI). METHODS: Between July of 1997 and July of 1999, 116 @entity1 with GSI in the absence of pelvic prolapse underwent a randomized controlled study of TVT vs. modified Burch colposuspension. The trial was conducted by using a standardized protocol, including strict criteria for excluding preexisting @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ). Urodynamic studies including free flowmetry, filling (provocative) and voiding cystometry, and 1-hour pad test were performed before and at least 1 year after the operation. The Blaivas and Groutz nomogram was used as another criteria to assess the pre- and postoperative @entity1876 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were excluded from the study as a result of having preexisting @entity1876 and an additional 8 were lost to follow-up. The comparison between pre- and postoperative variables for each procedure revealed that maximal flow rate of noninvasive uroflowmetry was significantly lower after operation in both groups (P = 0.009, P = 0.010, respectively). Detrusor pressure at maximal flow and urethral resistance were significantly higher and micturition volumes significantly lower after operation in the Burch group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.029, respectively). The difference between pre- and postoperative distribution of the obstruction nomogram of the Burch group was significantly different (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Based on strict exclusion criteria for preoperative @entity1876 , our findings strongly suggest that with a median 22 months (range, 12 to 36 months) of follow-up, a properly performed tension-free vaginal tape procedure does not cause @entity11044 .

title: Comparison of tension-free vaginal taping versus modified Burch colposuspension on XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity11044 :: (MESH:D014524,Disease) :: ['urethral obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity65464 Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is standard in assessing axillary lymph node status for cN0 @entity0 @entity1 . In case of a positive SNB, if treatment is advised, @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is the current standard. Although @entity1600 provides excellent regional control, it may give harmful side effects. Axillary radiotherapy (ART) instead of @entity1600 was hypothesized to provide comparable regional control and less side effects. METHODS: From 2001 to 2010, @entity1 with cT1E2N0 primary @entity0 were enrolled in the EORTC phase III non-inferiority AMAROS trial. @entity1 were randomized between @entity1600 and ART in case of a positive SNB. Primary endpoint was 5-year axillary recurrence rate. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), quality of life (QOL), shoulder movement and @entity4269 at 1 and 5 years. RESULTS: Of the 4,806 @entity1 entered in the trial, 744 in the @entity1600 -arm and 681 in the ART-arm had a positive SNB, 60% with a macrometastasis. The two treatment-arms were comparable regarding age, @entity5 size, grade, @entity5 type, and adjuvant systemic treatment. With a median follow up of 6.1 years, the 5-year axillary recurrence rate after a positive SNB was 0.54% (4/744) after @entity1600 versus 1.03% (7/681) after ART. The planned non-inferiority test was underpowered because of the unexpectedly low number of events. The axillary recurrence rate after a negative SNB was 0.8% (25/3131). There were no significant differences between treatment arms regarding OS (5 yr estimates: 93.27% @entity1600 , 92.52% ART, p=0.3386) and DFS (5 yr estimates: 86.90% @entity1600 , 82.65% ART, p=0.1788). @entity4269 was found significantly more often after @entity1600 (1yr: 40% @entity1600 , 22% ART, p<0.0001 and 5yr: 28% @entity1600 , 14% ART, p<0.0001). There was a nonsignificant trend toward more early shoulder @entity717 after ART. These findings were compatible with a trend in two QOL items in the arm symptom scale: swelling (ART better) and movement ( @entity1600 better). There were no other differences in QOL. CONCLUSION: @entity1600 and ART after a positive SNB provide excellent and comparable regional control. ART reduces the risk of short-term and long-term @entity4269 compared to @entity1600 . CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT00014612.

title: Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in @entity0 XXXX : Final analysis of the EORTC AMAROS trial (10981/22023).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To determine the natural history of @entity613 112 @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 5 years and a median period of 82 months. Thirty-seven @entity1 (33 per cent) died during the study period. @entity583 (44 per cent) and @entity66 (28 per cent) were the most common causes of @entity204 . Overall mortality rate was 8, 23 and 40 per cent, at 2, 5 and 8 years respectively. Initial ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) correlated with subsequent @entity204 . With an initial ABPI less than 0.5 @entity204 occurred in 20, 50 and 69 per cent at 2, 5 and 7 years respectively, compared with 5, 16 and 24 per cent respectively for those with an initial ABPI greater than or equal to 0.5 (P less than 0.0001). Of the survivors only 21 per cent had worsening @entity613 and 13 per cent progressed to critical ischaemia. Arterial bypass for limb salvage was required in eight @entity1 and four limbs were lost during the study period. ABPI identifies a subgroup of claudicants with an extremely high risk of @entity204 from coronary and/or cerebral pathology. In this subgroup an aggressive approach to the correction of @entity731 risk factors, rather than emphasis on the peripheral vascular problem alone, may improve survival.

title: Realistic expectations for the @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: The lack of specific symptoms and signs in @entity1 with @entity1906 makes early diagnosis difficult. To our knowledge, there has been no report in the literature focusing on @entity1906 @entity1 younger than 1 year of age. In this report, we reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of seven @entity1 with @entity1906 encountered during a 15-year period. All @entity1 had @entity221 , cough, and alternation of consciousness at presentation. Five @entity1 had bulging anterior fontanel, and five had generalized @entity410 . The purified protein derivative skin test was positive in six @entity1 . Six @entity1 had @entity2753 . All seven @entity1 had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings, and six of them demonstrated cell counts less than 500 cells/mm(3) with lymphocytic predominance. Brain sonography examination revealed @entity1276 in all seven @entity1 . Therefore we conclude that antituberculosis therapy should be promptly initiated in any young @entity1 with a clinical impression of @entity693 in the context of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count of less than 500 cells/mm(3) and lymphocytic predominance, @entity2753 , and @entity1276 .

title: XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: We report three cases of radiation-induced carotid @entity2791 that underwent successful angioplasty with stenting. The @entity1 had received radiation therapy for tongue or @entity5 and developed minor @entity64 to 14 years after irradiation. All @entity1 had multiple and bilateral @entity850 , measuring more than 50%, of the carotid arteries. The @entity850 was located in the internal, external, and common carotid arteries. We performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. All interventions were successful and @entity543 decreased to less than 28%. No permanent @entity532 occurred. During follow-up periods of up to 26 months, all of these cases were free from @entity63 symptoms. Neither carotid angiography nor ultrasound sonography showed evidence of @entity256 . The present results suggest the usefulness of angioplasty with stenting for radiation-induced carotid @entity2791 .

title: [Three cases of successful stenting for radiation-induced carotid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed strokes 6']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['arterial stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Today, @entity1 are expected to take an active role in the form of self-management. Given the burden of a @entity627 , the @entity1 cannot be expected to self-manage on their own. In order to develop self-management interventions that fit @entity1 ' needs and preferences, it is essential to examine @entity1 ' perspective on how support can be optimized. This study aimed to identify support needs of outpatients with @entity627 and preferences for who should provide self-management support. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using focus groups and individual interviews with outpatients with @entity627 treated in a Dutch university hospital. Interview data was analysed with Directed Content Analysis and coded with predetermined codes derived from our model about support needs of chronically ill @entity1 . This model distinguished three types of support: instrumental, psychosocial and relational support. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 participated in two focus group interviews and six were interviewed individually. Most @entity1 preferred an active role in self-management. Nonetheless, they notably needed support in developing skills for self-managing their @entity627 in daily life. The extent of support needs was influenced by disease stage, presence of symptoms and changes in one's situation. A trusted relationship and partnership were conditional for receiving any kind of professional support. @entity1 wanted to be seen as experienced experts of living with a @entity627 . Acquiring specific disease-related knowledge, learning how to deal with symptoms and fluctuations, talking about emotional aspects, and discussing daily life issues and disease-related information were identified as important elements of self-management support. It was considered crucial that support be tailored to individual needs and expertise. Professionals and relatives were preferred as support givers. Few @entity1 desired support from fellow @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Self-management was primarily seen as @entity1 's own task. Above all, @entity1 wanted to be seen as the experienced experts. Professionals' self-management support should be focused on @entity15285 @entity1 in developing problem-solving skills, for which practical tools and training are needed.

title: What support is needed to self-manage a XXXX : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorder', 'rheumatic disorders']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects and safety of vasodilators on sudden @entity1274 (SSHL). SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic databases: MEDLINE from 1966, EMBASE from 1974, the Cochrane Controlled Trails Register, Chinese Bio-medicine Database from 1989. Hand search: Five kinds of Chinese otolaryngology journals were selected. Literature references were checked intensively. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing vasodilators with placebo or other drugs in @entity1 with SSHL. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers independently accessed the quality of trials and extracted the data. RESULTS: Thirteen trials with 1,155 @entity1 were eligible and covered in the systematic review. Ten of the trials were conducted in developed countries, and three in China. None of the four trials showed the effects of vasodilators on SSHL were better than that of placebo. None of the seven trials comparing different drugs showed the effects of one kind of vasodilators were better than that of the other vasodilators. Two trials showed that some other drugs, such as batroxobin and hypaque were probably better than the vasodilators (dextran, @entity3302 , 654-2, danshen). Eight trials showed side effects of vasodilators, such as pruritus, @entity566 , etc. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the systematic review of current eligible randomized controlled clinical trials, there is no evidence to prove that vasodilator therapy is more effective than placebo or other therapies for SSHL, or the effects of one kind of vasodilators to be better than that of the other vasodilators. So far we can't draw a reliable conclusion about the effects of vasodilators for SSHL. In addition, we must pay attention to their potential adverse reactions.

title: [Vasodilators for sudden XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective communication is critical for health care professionals, particularly in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). However, currently, there is no standardized consultation model that is consistently practiced by physicians or used for training medical graduates. Recently, the 5Cs of Consultation model (Contact, Communicate, Core Question, Collaborate, and Close the Loop) has been studied in Emergency Medicine residents using simulated consultation scenarios. OBJECTIVE: Using an experimental design, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the 5Cs consultation model in a novel learner population (medical students) and in a "real time and real world" clinical setting. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted at eight large, academic, urban, tertiary-care medical centers (U.S. and Canada). Intervention involved two experimental groups (asynchronous and live training) compared to a baseline control group. All @entity1 placed up to four consult phone calls. A senior physician observed and assessed each call using a preapproved 5Cs checklist and a Global Rating Scale (GRS). RESULTS: @entity1 who received training (asynchronous or live) scored significantly higher on the 5Cs checklist total and GRS than the control group. Both training methods (asynchronous and live) were equally effective. Importantly, learning gains were sustained as students' 5Cs checklist total and GRS scores remained consistently higher at their second, third, and fourth consult (relative to their first consult). At posttest, all @entity1 reported feeling more confident and competent in relaying @entity1 information. CONCLUSION: Medical students can be trained to use the 5Cs model in a timely, inexpensive, and convenient manner and increase effectiveness of physician consultations originating from the @entity341 .

title: The 5Cs of Consultation: Training Medical Students to Communicate Effectively in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Emergency Department']


abstract: The toxic effects of @entity1499 administration [20 mg/kg, bolus intraperitoneally (ip)] to @entity35 fed a regular chow diet (n = 10) was compared with results in animals fed an elemental, chemically defined, liquid diet (n = 10) for 7 days. All animals receiving an elemental diet became anorectic and lethargic within 60 hr of @entity1499 injection. All animals in this group subsequently developed @entity1681 and died within 150 hr. There was no clinical evidence of @entity1681 in @entity35 fed a regular chow diet and mortality as zero in this group (p less than 0.001). In a second study one group of @entity35 (n = 9) was fed a regular chow diet for 7 days; four groups were fed an elemental, chemically defined, liquid diet (n = 9 per group) for 7 days. At 24 hr and 8 hr prior to, or 24 hr after @entity1499 administration, one group was refed a regular chow diet; the fourth group was maintained on an elemental liquid diet throughout the study period. All @entity35 fed a regular chow diet survived following @entity1499 injection (20 mg/kg, ip). All @entity35 fed an elemental diet throughout the study period died. Those @entity35 refed a regular diet 24 or 8 hr prior to @entity1499 injection demonstrated a significant improvement in survival (100% in the 24-hr group, 55% in the 8-hr group). However, those animals refed a regular diet 24 hr after @entity1499 injection demonstrated a 100% mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reversibility of elemental liquid diet-enhanced XXXX toxicity by refeeding with chow.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: ABSTRACT Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of @entity1 and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of @entity158 and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual. During this stage, several symptoms appear and contribute to a decrement in the quality of life. We performed a retrospective study evaluating medical records of terminally ill @entity1 who attended a specialized @entity158 and palliative medicine service. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) was used to document symptoms intensity. Data analysis was carried out at two times: the initial assessment and the last visit before death. We analyzed thirty-eight cases of which 58% were @entity1 (22 cases) and the mean age of the sample was 60.7  years ( @entity168 : 15.6). All cases had an oncologic disease classified as end-stage @entity5 and were considered as palliative @entity1 . Symptom intensity was documented by the ESAS in two different moments: @entity158 3.7 ( @entity168 : 3.2) vs. 4.1 ( @entity168 : 3.4), @entity390 1.4 ( @entity168 : 3.2) vs. 1.8 ( @entity168 : 3.3), @entity308 3.4 ( @entity168 : 3.4) vs. 4.3 ( @entity168 : 3.7), @entity148 3 ( @entity168 : 3.5) vs. 2.4 ( @entity168 : 3.6), weakness 4.8 ( @entity168 : 3.5) vs. 6.2 ( @entity168 : 3.6), @entity1353 1.1 ( @entity168 : 2.7) vs. 2.8 ( @entity168 : 3.4), @entity448 3.5 ( @entity168 : 3.7) vs. 4.7 ( @entity168 : 3.8), and @entity2147 2.6 ( @entity168 : 3.5) vs. 4.9 ( @entity168 : 3.5). Statistical significance was found in weakness, @entity1353 , and @entity2147 . We found the ESAS a useful tool for symptom assessment. In this study, we document the prevalence of symptoms at the end of life in a Spanish-speaking country. Physicians trained in @entity158 and palliative medicine managed those symptoms, and we observed that symptoms maintained the same intensity. There is the possibility that the intervention made by those clinicians modified the symptomatic outcome in those @entity1 . Evaluation of effective protocols for symptom management at the end of life is needed.

title: Assessment of XXXX and Other Symptoms in Mexican @entity1 With Advanced Illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical problems related to the inhibitor of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) in pregnancy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: @entity447 and haemotology centres. POPULATION: @entity1 registered and followed up at the centres. METHODS: Data were collected from the Italian @entity447 Register of acquired @entity2801 inhibitor. RESULTS: Twenty of 96 cases with @entity2801 inhibitor were identified postpartum. The time of appearance was 3-150 days postpartum. All but one of the cases were idiopathic; 11/20 @entity1 required blood transfusions. In six @entity1 , the inhibitor was identified because of surgical @entity548 , four after hysterectomies carried out because of postpartum @entity548 . A prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time was present in all @entity1 in whom the test was carried out. Nine @entity1 did not require treatment because the @entity548 was mild; in 11 @entity1 @entity548 was promptly controlled by different therapeutic modalities. Immunosuppressive therapy was used to suppress the inhibitor. The majority of the @entity1 who achieved complete remission received @entity230 ; in 6/6 @entity1 who relapsed, a second remission was obtained with combined therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In a review of 20 pregnancies with @entity2801 inhibitor, over a 15 year period, @entity548 was controlled in all cases with no fatalities. Correct evaluation of coagulation screening tests, in particular, activated partial thromboplastin time, is essential.

title: Acquired @entity2801 inhibitors in pregnancy: data from the Italian XXXX Register relevant to clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Haemophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The national development programme for the prevention and care of @entity6 was carried out in Finland during 2000-2010. One of the programme goals was to raise awareness of @entity6 and its risk factors in the whole population through various activities, e.g. media campaigns and health fares. In addition, a targeted implementation project on the prevention of type 2 @entity6 , FIN-D2D, was carried out in selected districts during 2003-2008. The aim of this analysis was to examine the changes in overall awareness of the programme and its association with self-reported lifestyle changes within the adult population during the FIN-D2D project period in the FIN-D2D area compared with the area not participating in the FIN-D2D (the control area). STUDY DESIGN: Health behaviour and health among the Finnish Adult Population -postal survey. METHODS: The structured questionnaire mailed to a random population sample included questions on @entity1 ' sociodemographic background, medical history, health habits, and recent lifestyle changes. Awareness of the national @entity6 programme was also enquired. Data (n  =  10 831) from the 2004-2008 postal surveys were used for this investigation. RESULTS: In the FIN-D2D area, 25% (347/1384) of @entity1 and 48% (797/1674) of @entity1 reported being aware of the programme. In the control area, the proportions were 20% (702/3551) and 36% (1514/4222), respectively. The overall awareness increased among both genders and in all areas during the project period, but the level of awareness was consistently higher in the FIN-D2D area. Female gender and higher age were associated with increasing awareness of the programme in both areas. Self-reported lifestyle changes were more common among @entity1 , but associated with the level of awareness of the programme more often among @entity1 than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of @entity6 and its risk factors increased among @entity1 and @entity1 in both implementation and control areas during the FIN-D2D project period. The activities of the implementation project may at least partly explain the differences in lifestyle changes between areas, especially among @entity1 . The results suggest that health promotion campaigns increase the population awareness about the prevention of @entity102 and as a result, especially @entity1 may be prompted to make beneficial lifestyle changes.

title: National XXXX prevention program (DEHKO): awareness and self-reported lifestyle changes in Finnish middle-aged population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with @entity1241 underwent sphincter repair between 1975 and 1984. Divided sphincter musculature resulted from @entity130 in 23 and previous anorectal surgery in 17. Eighteen had undergone a previous attempt at repair. Fifteen @entity1 experienced seepage of stool and 25 had gross @entity322 . In nine @entity1 , reconstruction of the external sphincter was by overlap of the muscle ends. Twenty-four others underwent accurate approximation of the external sphincter muscle and anterior plication of the levator muscles, and in seven the anal canal was made smaller by narrowing the anal orifice. Follow-up was an average of 67 months after operation (range, 2.4 to 166 months). Continence was objectively improved in 62 percent (P less than .01) when performance criteria were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, although 85 percent of the @entity1 reported subjective improvement. Requirements for protective pads were reduced in 57 percent (P less than .01) and fewer social limitations were experienced in 52 percent (P less than .01). There was no significant correlation between outcome and type of operation.

title: Sphincter repair for XXXX after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical injury']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: A longitudinal, retrospective study investigated the cost of @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: @entity1 files from two tertiary care @entity726 practices were reviewed. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity725 and >/=2.5 years of follow-up data were included. Data collected included @entity227 , physician's assessment, and resource utilization (physician visits, procedures, and medications). Costs, reported in 2001 Canadian dollars, were compared between groups, based on initial @entity227 , including mild (<5 dB), moderate (5 to <12 dB), and severe (>/=12 dB), and based on physician's assessment, including controlled, uncontrolled, or @entity1 initially uncontrolled for 12 months who become controlled. RESULTS: Of 411 @entity1 charts extracted, 265 were included; 35 were excluded for ocular comorbidities and 111 @entity1 with insufficient follow-up. Mean (standard deviation) yearly costs overall (N = 265) and for mild (n = 90), moderate (n = 91), and severe (n = 84) groups were  508 ( 278),  408 ( 266),  512 ( 288), and  609 ( 243), respectively. Differences between mean yearly costs were statistically significant for all three groups (P < 0.05). Costs for controlled (n = 110), uncontrolled (n = 76), and uncontrolled then controlled group (n = 79) were  423 ( 243),  594 ( 314), and  542 ( 256), respectively. The controlled group cost was significantly lower than both of the other groups (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The cost of treating @entity725 increases with @entity227 severity and uncontrolled disease. Many @entity1 diagnosed with @entity726 had already progressed to later stages in the disease process. Early disease detection may provide a substantial cost savings to the health care system.

title: Cost of XXXX in Canada: analyses based on visual field and physician's assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Etanercept in @entity1499 -Treated @entity309 @entity1 Who Have Achieved a Stable Low Disease Activity-State study was to investigate the effect of etanercept (ETN) dose maintenance, reduction or withdrawal on @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who had already achieved stable low disease activity (LDA) on ETN 50 mg+ @entity1499 (MTX). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity309 (n=91) and stable LDA with ETN 50 mg once weekly (QW)+MTX were included. After 8 weeks with unchanged treatment, 73 @entity1 were randomised in a double-blind design to ETN 50 mg QW+MTX (ETN50), ETN 25 mg QW+MTX (ETN25) or placebo QW+MTX (PBO) for 48 weeks. @entity1 who flared were declared failures and treated with open-label ETN50 until week 48. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 on ETN50 versus PBO who were non-failures after 48 weeks. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity177 @entity1 was significantly lower with ETN50 (52%; p=0.007) and ETN25 (44%; p=0.044) versus PBO (13%). Median time to failure was significantly shorter with PBO (6 weeks) compared with ETN50 (48 weeks; p=0.001) and ETN25 (36 weeks; p<0.001). The majority of @entity1 who flared regained LDA with open-label ETN50 quickly. Adverse events were consistent with the known side effect profiles of these medications. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with established @entity309 who have achieved stable LDA on ETN50+MTX, continuing both is superior to PBO+MTX. Reduced dose ETN was also more effective than PBO in maintaining a favourable response, suggesting that a maintenance strategy with reduced dose ETN may be possible in a number of @entity1 with established @entity309 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00858780.

title: Full dose, reduced dose or discontinuation of etanercept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['non-failure']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraportal infusion is currently the method of choice for clinical islet cell transplantation but suffers from poor efficacy. As the liver may not represent an optimal transplantation site for Langerhans islets, we examined the potential of neonatal porcine islet-like clusters (NPICCs) to engraft in skeletal muscle as an alternative transplantation site. METHODS: Neonatal porcine islet-like clusters were isolated from 2- to 5-day-old piglets and either transplanted under the kidney capsule (s.k.) or injected into the lower hindlimb muscle (i.m.) of @entity3839 -diabetic NOD- @entity915 @entity2047 ry(-/-) (NSG) @entity19 . Survival, vascularization, maturation, and functional activity were analyzed by intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance testing and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Intramuscular transplantation of NPICCs resulted in development of normoglycemia and restored @entity413 homeostasis. Time to reversal of @entity6 and @entity413 tolerance (AUC @entity413 and AUC insulin) did not significantly differ as compared to s.k. transplantation. Intramuscular grafts exhibited rapid neovascularization and graft composition with cytokeratin-positive ductal cells and beta cells at post-transplant weeks 2 and 8 and after establishment of normoglycemia was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular injection represents a minimally invasive but efficient alternative for transplantation of NPICCs and, thus, offers an attractive alternative site for xenotransplantation approaches. These findings may have important implications for improving the outcome and the monitoring of @entity1707 islet xenotransplantation.

title: Engraftment and reversal of XXXX after intramuscular transplantation of neonatal porcine islet-like clusters.

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: With the possible exception of aesthetic considerations, the visual system is more involved in @entity91 than any other. Changes may be an inherent feature of the pathologic process or occur as a secondary complication. Several of these are potentially devastating, resulting in substantial permanent @entity227 . Because these are avoidable if recognized and managed early, prompt involvement of an ophthalmologist in the care of @entity1 with @entity91 is essential. Improvement in the appearance of these cases cannot obscure the importance of functional problems. In particular, disc @entity4 , @entity1952 , and progressive @entity1781 may accompany @entity428 even without evidence of @entity1276 and even with apparently open fontanelles. Uncorrected @entity2516 (particularly @entity9340 ), strabismus, @entity1736 , and corneal exposure problems are an invitation to the development of @entity4457 . If not reversed, this can lead to permanent @entity227 . Proptosis and corneal exposure problems are a third potentially treatable cause of functional @entity1939 . Early diagnosis and prompt care will hopefully continue to improve the prognosis for these increasingly treatable @entity1 .

title: Ophthalmic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability', 'impairment in visual function']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']