abstract: BACKGROUND: The simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique with dose per fraction slightly higher than 2Gy offers the advantages of shortening the treatment time and increasing the biologically equivalent dose to the @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a dose-escalating radiotherapy treatment by using a SIB-IMRT approach in @entity1 with early and moderately advanced @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive @entity1 with pharyngo-laryngeal T2N0 or T2N1, or laryngeal T3N0 @entity957 were included. The therapeutic PTVs were treated according to three consecutive dose levels i.e., 69 Gy in 30 fractions of 2.3 Gy (dose level I), 72 Gy in 30 fractions of 2.4 Gy (dose level II) or 75 Gy in 30 fractions of 2.5 Gy (dose level III). The prophylactic PTVs received a dose of 55.5 Gy delivered in 30 fractions of 1.85 Gy. The primary endpoint of the study was acute @entity137 assessed during treatment and during the first 3 months following the completion of radiotherapy. The secondary endpoints included loco-regional control, disease-free survival, overall survival and late @entity137 at 2 years of follow-up. The study design allowed @entity1 to be enrolled in the second dose level group if no more than 10% of grade 4 acute @entity137 was observed on the first dose level group within 3 months after the completion of IMRT, and so on for the third level group. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 and 13 @entity1 were included in the trial. The majority of them presented with @entity5 (53%) and @entity5 (33%). Only 3 @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity33 during treatment, one in each dose level. Thirty-two @entity1 (56%) experienced grade 3 @entity137 , mostly @entity1909 and @entity33 , without any significant difference between the groups. Late grade 1 and 2 @entity2133 was seen in 53% and 33% of @entity1 , respectively. Transient grade 4 late @entity137 was observed in 16% of all @entity1 and was equally distributed among the groups. The 2-year loco-regional control was 82% for all 3 groups (79% dose level I, 88% dose level II, 79% dose level III). The 2-year overall survival was 89% for dose level I and II, and 95% for dose level III. CONCLUSIONS: This dose escalation SIB-IMRT protocol was safe and effective as the sole treatment of early and moderately advanced @entity957 of head and neck. No @entity137 difference was observed between the groups.

title: A dose escalation study with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in T2N0, T2N1, T3N0 @entity957 ( XXXX ) of the oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['SCC']


abstract: We performed clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic effects of @entity35835 in @entity1 of the several types of hair fallings. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1665 , @entity1665 areata and @entity1665 were included in this study. @entity35835 was applied every other day for 40 days, and followed by maintenance therapy of twice application a week. The duration of whole therapy was 6 months. We conclude that @entity35835 is an effective and agent for @entity1665 , @entity1665 areata and @entity1665 from the following results. Ten @entity1 with @entity1665 was treated with @entity35835 for 6 months. @entity35835 had therapeutic effects of 50% in hair regrowth, 70% in decreased hair falls, 30% in decreased dandruff, 50% in decreased @entity19857 . Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1665 areata was treated with @entity35835 for 6 months. @entity35835 had therapeutic effects of 61.6% in hair regrowth, 53.9% in decreased in hair falls, 53.9% in decreased dandruff, 77.0% in decreased @entity19857 . Seven @entity1 with @entity1665 was treatment with @entity35835 for 6 months. @entity35835 had therapeutic effects of 85.8% in hair regrowth, 57.2% in decreased hair falls, 42.9% in decreased dandruff, 85.8% in decreased @entity19857 . The degree of therapeutic success was related to the duration of therapy. The side effects were as followed: itching sensation developed in 2 @entity1 (6.7%); tingling sensation in 3 @entity1 (10.0%); burning sensation in 1 @entity1 (3.3%); erythema in 3 @entity1 (10.0%).

title: A clinical study of topical mucopolysaccharides _ polydeoxyribonucleoprotein ( @entity35835 ) therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['male pattern baldness', 'alopecia', 'seborrheic alopecia']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']


abstract: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB depends on the specific dual phosphorylation of its inhibitor protein IkappaB by the homologous cytokine-inducible IkappaB kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity29229 ). Various IkappaB isoforms exist: @entity4284 , IkappaBbeta1/2 (two alternative splice variants), and @entity26647 . However, the individual relevance and the specific regulation of these isoforms is not well-understood. We have studied the direct interaction of recombinant @entity4284 , IkappaBbeta1, IkappaBbeta2, and @entity26647 with the recombinant homodimeric @entity15955 . Fluorescence-based active site titration revealed that each @entity15955 dimer contains two binding sites for IkappaB. By using surface plasmon resonance analysis, we found that all IkappaB proteins interact with the @entity15955 dimer following a noncooperative binding mechanism. Further, the four IkappaB proteins bind to the kinase with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) in the range of 50-300 nM; the association rate constants for all IkappaB isoforms with @entity15955 were between 6.0 x 10(3) and 22.5 x 10(3) M-1 s-1, and the dissociation rate constants were between 1.25 x 10(-3) and 1.75 x 10(-3) s-1. This high-affinity binding suggests that the previously observed preassociation of all analyzed IkappaB proteins with the biochemically purified 700 kDa IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex is based on a direct enzyme-substrate association between the various IkappaB isoforms and the IKK proteins. The apparent catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) of @entity15955 for @entity4284 , IkappaBbeta1, IkappaBbeta2, and @entity26647 were 22 x 10(3), 10 x 10(3), 5.4 x 10(3), and 8.5 x 10(3) s-1 M-1, respectively, with KM values ranging between 1.7 x 10(-6) and 3.2 x 10(-6) M and kcat values ranging between 1.5 x 10(-2) and 3.7 x 10(-2) s-1. The relative affinities and catalytic efficiencies of @entity15955 for the IkappaB isoforms were also reflected by the kinetics observed for the @entity310 -induced, phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the alpha, beta1, beta2, and epsilon isoforms of IkappaB in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, differential regulation of the IkappaB isoforms in some cell types is not a direct result of the IKK activity, but appears to be due to parallel events.

title: The kinetics of association and phosphorylation of IkappaB isoforms by IkappaB kinase 2 correlate with their cellular regulation in XXXX endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Brain @entity342 binding and metabolism, serum @entity251 (T), and sexual behavior were measured in old and young male Fischer 344 @entity35 . After completion of sexual behavior tests, blood was collected for T assay and brains were removed for simultaneous measurements of cytosolic (ARc) and nuclear (ARn) @entity342 receptors and aromatase activity (AA) in the preoptic area (POA), @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) and amygdala (AMG). In Experiment 1, old and young intact males were examined. None of the old males ejaculated in any of the tests of sexual behavior whereas all of the young males ejaculated. The old males had lower levels of serum T, lower levels of ARn in the POA and @entity2339 and lower levels of AA in the POA. The ARc levels of the old and young males did not differ. Experiment 2 was designed to determine if the deficits in brain @entity342 binding and metabolism were due to low levels of T. Old and young T-treated gonadectomized (GX-T) males and young intact (I) males were examined. T levels were comparable in the young and old GX-T males and were higher in each of these groups than in the young I males. In sexual behavior tests, all of the young but only 25% of the old GX-T males ejaculated. Although ARn levels in the old GX-T males were lower than in the young GX-T males, they were comparable to the young I male levels. No age-related differences in T induction of AA were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Age-related deficits in brain XXXX binding and metabolism, @entity251 , and sexual behavior of male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HYP', 'hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: We cultured bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells by a simple ex vivo expansion method and observed the expansion efficacy. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from five mongrel adult @entity235 were cultured with EGM-2MV medium in culture flasks coated with fibronectin. Morphology was observed with phase contrast microscopy, and a growth curve was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of expansion. Incorporation of Dil-ac-LDL was tested to evaluate the function. At different time points, immunocytochemical staining for @entity36247 , CD133, and @entity11691 -related antigens was done and compared to staining of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells and percentages of CD133, @entity36247 ( @entity36247 ), and the double-positive cells measured with flow cytometry to identify the quality and efficacy of expansion. Cluster-like attached cells grew to confluence at an average time of 10 days, and the mean number of cells harvested from 1 mL of bone marrow was (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(6). The cells presented a cobblestone-like appearance and took up Dil-ac-LDL. Immunocytochemistry showed that @entity36247 , CD133, and @entity11691 -related antigens were positive. Flow cytometry showed that @entity36247 and CD133 double-positive cells augmented 242-fold at the tenth day. Ex vivo expansion can effectively proliferate endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow; the expansion efficacy could meet the requirements for tissue engineering of blood vessels.

title: Expansion of XXXX bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells and dynamic observation.

entities_list: @entity36247 :: ('482154(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2', 'VEGFR-2', 'flk-1']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A study of 213 @entity43 was undertaken with respect to the published assumption that there may be a relationship between presence of crystals of @entity7182 in the ovarian tissue and @entity5 . The histological review gave the opportunity to classify these @entity5 according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The frequency of histological types, age distribution and the site of involvement were determined. These data were compared to those in the literature. Our findings confirm the high incidence of @entity5 and bilaterality reported by others as well as the high risk of @entity43 in @entity1 in their fifties. A comparative study of the age distribution of cytadenomas was made. It suggests that @entity9296 might be considered as a precursor to the @entity7157 because of their appearance at younger age. A deliberate search for @entity7182 crystals in periovarian adhesions and in @entity5 tissue showed a minimal incidence of crystalline material. This does not support a direct relationship between @entity7182 crystals and @entity43 . However, it is suggested that neoplastic changes may occur in the ovarian surface as a result of adhesions engendered by deposition of @entity7182 crystals.

title: A ten year study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic transformation', 'serous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to present a framework to evaluate the accuracy of four-dimensional treatment planning in external beam radiation therapy using measured @entity1 data and digital phantoms. METHODS: To accomplish this, 4D digital phantoms of two model @entity1 were created using measured @entity1 @entity2 positions. These phantoms were used to simulate a four-dimensional computed tomography image set, which in turn was used to create a 4D Monte Carlo (4DMC) treatment plan. The 4DMC plan was evaluated by simulating the delivery of the treatment plan over approximately 5 min of @entity5 motion measured from the same @entity1 on a different day. Unique phantoms accounting for the @entity1 position ( @entity5 position and thorax position) at 2 s intervals were used to represent the model @entity1 on the day of treatment delivery and the delivered dose to the @entity5 was determined using Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS: For @entity1 1, the @entity5 was adequately covered with 95.2% of the @entity5 receiving the prescribed dose. For @entity1 2, the @entity5 was not adequately covered and only 74.3% of the @entity5 received the prescribed dose. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a framework to evaluate 4D treatment planning methods and demonstrates a potential limitation of 4D treatment planning methods. When @entity2246 are present, including when the imaging study used for treatment planning does not represent all potential @entity5 locations during therapy, the treatment planning methods may not adequately predict the dose to the @entity5 . This is the first example of a simulation study based on @entity1 @entity5 trajectories where @entity2246 that occur due to an inaccurate estimate of @entity5 motion are evaluated.

title: Simulations using @entity1 data to evaluate XXXX that may occur in 4D treatment planning: a proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['systematic errors']

answer: @entity2246 :: (MESH:D008661,Disease) :: ['systematic errors']


abstract: To understand better the growth mechanisms in the economically important fish @entity26793 , in terms of muscle fibre @entity1373 v. @entity1184 , the lateral muscle of this fish was studied morphometrically from hatching to juvenile comparing rostral and caudal locations. Fish were sampled at 0, 5, 23, 40, 70, 100, 140 and 180 days. Fibre types were first identified by @entity4588 dehydrogenase (SDH) and immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody against @entity9963 (4-96). Morphometric variables were then measured in transverse body sections, at both post-opercular and post-anal locations, to estimate the following variables: total muscle area [A (muscle)], total fibre number [N (fibres)], fibre number per unit area of muscle [N(A)(fibres, muscle)] and cross-sectional fibre area [a (fibres)] of the two main muscle fibre types (white and red). Overall, growth throughout the various stages resulted from increases both in the number and in the size of muscle fibres, paralleled by an expansion of the [A (muscle)]. Nonetheless, that increase was not significant between 0-5 days on one hand and 100-140 days, on the other hand. On the contrary, the [N(A)(fibres, muscle)] declined as the body length increased. Analysis of the muscle growth kinetics suggested that, within the important time frame studied, @entity1373 gave the main relative contribution to the increase of white muscle [A (white muscle)], whereas red muscle [A (red muscle)] mainly grew by @entity1184 , with both phenomena occurring at a faster pace posteriorly in the body. Finally, when comparing rostral and caudal locations, a greater [N (fibres)] and [A (muscle)] of the posterior white and red fibres were the consistent features. It was also observed that the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the myotomal muscle comprised of white muscle was greater in the anterior part of the fish.

title: Hyperplastic and @entity1184 growth of lateral muscle in XXXX @entity26793 from hatching to juvenile.

entities_list: @entity9963 :: ('MESH:D005393', 'Disease') :: ['fish slow myosin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity26793 :: ('98819', 'Species') :: ['Pagellus bogaraveo']

answer: @entity26793 :: (98819,Species) :: ['blackspot seabream']


abstract: Poecilocerus pictus, an aposematic insect, feeds on Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) and sequesters cardiac glycosides which are used in chemical defense. The aim was to characterize the components of the methanolic extracts of @entity26768 and C. gigantea and investigate preferential @entity137 of the insect extract, if any, on @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. Comparative chemical characterization by HPTLC, UV and IR studies revealed the presence of @entity26769 in both the extracts and biotransformation of some of the ingested @entity26769 in the insect extract. @entity137 testing of the insect extract on @entity1 and @entity19 normal and @entity5 cell lines indicated a time and dose dependent inhibition of A549 and COLO205 with a 48 hour IC50 of < 5 microg/ml, but no effect on normal cell line W138 or @entity19 cell lines. Lymphotoxicity and genotoxicity experiments on @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes tested negative. DNA ploidy analysis on COLO205 indicated 36% apoptosis induction by 10 microg/ ml of insect extract. In brief, our studies established that the methanolic extract of @entity26768 contained ingested @entity26769 , of which some were biotransformed. Within a range of concentrations, @entity26768 extract suppressed viability in A549 and COLO205 cells but not in normal cells, lymphocytes or @entity19 cells. It induced apoptosis in COLO205. The insect extract discriminated @entity1 @entity5 from normal cells, inhibited @entity5 cell viability specifically and may represent a vital lead for a chemotherapeutic drug.

title: XXXX compounds from Poecilocerus pictus feeding on Calotropis gigantea.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26769 :: ('MESH:D002298', 'Chemical') :: ['cardenolides']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze consecutive cases with opening wedge corrective osteotomy of the volarly malunited distal radius with iliac bone graft, including preoperative and postoperative comparison of symptoms, visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH-JSSH) questionnaires, radiographic indices, clinical results as evaluated by modified Mayo wrist score, and complications. METHODS: Subjects were 28 @entity1 with volarly malunited @entity174 treated by transverse opening wedge osteotomy with oblique iliac bone graft. Preoperative symptoms included @entity85 , @entity425 of grip strength, and marked restriction of supination range. @entity86 , radiographic parameters, clinical results, and complications were analyzed at an average of 25 months of follow-up. We also analyzed the union period of the radius in younger @entity1 (< or =45 years old) and older @entity1 (>45 years old). RESULTS: Mean preoperative visual analog scale was 45, improving significantly to 3 postoperatively. Range of wrist motion improved in all 28 @entity1 , with supination range improving from 16 degrees preoperatively to 80 degrees postoperatively. Mean preoperative DASH-JSSH score was 55, improving to 9 postoperatively. Radiography revealed that volar tilt improved from 32 degrees preoperatively to 10 degrees postoperatively, and radial inclination increased from 17 degrees to 21 degrees . Preoperative ulnar variance of +5.9 mm was corrected to -0.1 mm postoperatively. All 28 wrists demonstrated bony union at the osteotomy site after an average of 52 days (younger @entity1 , 51 days; older @entity1 , 54 days). No complications, significant radiographic correction loss, or nonunion were seen after at least 2 years of follow-up. Modified Mayo wrist score was excellent in 16 @entity1 , good in 10 @entity1 , and fair in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Opening wedge osteotomy for volarly malunited @entity174 restored bony configuration of the distal radius, @entity158 , and improved grip strength and range of wrist motion, particularly for forearm supination. No complications or noteworthy correction loss were noted after surgery, even in older @entity1 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Corrective osteotomy for volarly malunited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['wrist deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is the most common @entity4934 of childhood. @entity1 with @entity71 may experience significant functional problems. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of @entity71 and its subtypes in Iran. METHODS: Pubmed, ISI web of science, psychinfo, Iranpsych, Iranmedex, Irandoc were searched. Irandoc, Iranmedex and Iranpsych are Iranian databases of which the last one is especially for psychiatry and psychology literature. INCLUSION CRITERIA WERE: conducting studies by random sampling, using valid instruments to assess @entity71 diagnosis or symptoms,and presenting a prevalence of @entity71 or @entity71 and / or @entity2915 symptoms. RESULTS: After quality assessment, 16 studies were accepted. Their estimation of prevalence was different as different scales were used. Hyperactive type was more prevalent in @entity1 , and inattentive type was more prevalent in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Being aware of the epidemiology of @entity71 in Iran helps us to make improvements in planning the allocation of funds for mental health services. Using one instrument in studying the prevalence of @entity71 in a population may lead to more precise estimations.

title: The prevalence of Attention Deficit XXXX in Iran: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder', 'attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral disorder']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine which @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) have radiographic spinal damage and to investigate the relation between radiographic spinal changes and limitations in physical function. METHODS: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Belgium of @entity1 with @entity1691 under the care of a rheumatologist. The treating physician completed a questionnaire including clinical disease manifestations and laboratory findings ( @entity1530 and @entity1851 ), and classified spinal radiographs into 3 categories: (1) no @entity1691 -related spinal abnormalities; (2) syndesmophytes; and (3) spinal @entity3947 . @entity1 completed the Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI). Ordinal regressions were performed to quantify the relationship between clinical manifestations and spinal radiographic changes. Generalized linear models were computed to quantify relationships among clinical manifestations, radiographic spinal changes, and functioning (BASFI). RESULTS: A total of 619 @entity1 fulfilled modified New York criteria for definite @entity1691 and had evaluable radiographic data; 68% were male and disease duration was 17.5 (SD 12.2) years. Male sex, younger age at symptom onset, and hip involvement were associated with radiographic changes; but @entity1530 , @entity625 , and @entity66 status ( @entity1596 , @entity1569 , and @entity29 ) were not. Older age, BASDAI, hip involvement, and spinal change contributed to BASFI; but sex, disease duration, @entity625 , and extraarticular manifestations did not. CONCLUSION: Radiographic spinal changes in @entity1 with @entity1691 are seen more often in @entity1 and those with hip involvement. BASFI status indicates the influence of radiographic changes and hip involvement, but does not reflect the presence of @entity625 and does not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Spinal radiographic changes in XXXX : association with clinical characteristics and functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extraarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'AS Disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been generally assumed that partner's @entity323 , premature, and @entity2754 play a significant role in determining female @entity250 (FSD). This study aimed to evaluate the role of the male partner's sexual function, as perceived by @entity1 , in determining FSD. A consecutive series of 156 heterosexual @entity1 consulting our clinic for FSD was retrospectively studied. All @entity1 underwent a structured interview and completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). FSFI total score decreased as a function of partner's age, conflicts within the couple, relationship without cohabitation and the habit of engaging in intercourse to please the partner; FSFI total score increased as a function of frequency of intercourse, attempts to conceive and fertility-focused intercourse. FSFI total score showed a negative, stepwise correlation with partner's perceived @entity458 ( @entity458 ) (r  =  -0.327; p  <  0.0001), whereas no significant correlation was found between FSFI and @entity323 , premature and @entity2754 . In an age-adjusted model, partner's @entity458 was negatively related to FSFI total score (Wald  =  9.196, p  =  0.002), arousal (Wald  =  7.893, p  =  0.005), lubrication (Wald  =  5.042, p  =  0.025), orgasm (Wald  =  9.293, p  =  0.002), satisfaction (Wald  =  12.764, p  <  0.0001), and @entity158 (Wald  =  6.492, p  =  0.011) domains. Partner's @entity458 was also significantly associated with somatized @entity148 , low frequency of intercourse, low partner's care for the @entity1 's sexual pleasure, and with a higher frequency of masturbation, even after adjusting for age. In @entity1 not reporting any reduction in libido, FSFI total score was significantly lower when their partner's libido was low (p  =  0.041); the correlation disappeared if the @entity1 also experienced @entity458 . In conclusion, the presence of @entity323 , premature, and @entity2754 of the partner may not act as a primary contributing factor to FSD, as determined by FSFI scores; conversely, @entity1 's sexuality seems to be mostly impaired by the perceived reduction in their partner's sexual interest.

title: Which are the male factors associated with female XXXX (FSD)?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire', 'HSD']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the concept of @entity117 resistance is extensively reported in medical literature, its precise mechanisms and clinical outcomes are largely unknown. In this study, we examined individual @entity2871 biosynthesis and @entity1423 in @entity117 -treated @entity1 , and whether the results of a @entity1423 test influenced clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Subjects taking 81 mg of @entity117 (n = 50) and controls (n = 38) were evaluated for @entity1423 and platelet @entity7542 ( @entity7542 ) activity by measuring collagen-induced @entity7489 production. For aggregometry, both light transmission (LT) and laser-light scattering methods were employed to quantitatively evaluate aggregate sizes and numbers. @entity117 treatment resulted in the inhibition of collagen-induced @entity1423 , particularly the transition from small to large platelet aggregates. Although platelet @entity7542 activity seemed to be uniformly inhibited in all @entity1 , @entity1423 studies showed great inter-individual differences; variation in platelet @entity7542 activity only accounted for 6-20% of the individual aggregations. Factor analysis revealed the existence of a common factor (other than platelet @entity7542 ) that explained 48.4% of the variations in @entity1423 induced by collagen, @entity857 ( @entity857 ), and collagen-related peptide. We then prospectively enrolled 136 @entity117 -treated @entity1 in our study, and we found that being in the upper quartile level of LT, or with large aggregate formation induced by collagen, was an independent risk factor for developing @entity65 within 12 months [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.98, P = 0.008 for LT; HR = 7.76, P = 0.007 for large aggregates]. On the other hand, the existence of @entity6 was an independent risk factor for overall outcomes (HR 1.30-11.9, P = 0.015-0.033). CONCLUSIONS: @entity117 resistance expressed as unsuppressed platelet @entity7542 activity is a rare condition in an out- @entity1 population. Other factor(s) affecting collagen-induced @entity1423 may influence early outcomes in @entity117 -treated @entity1 .

title: @entity117 resistance detected with aggregometry cannot be explained by cyclooxygenase activity: involvement of other signaling pathway(s) in @entity65 of @entity117 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Illumina's Genome Analyzer generates ultra-short sequence reads, typically 36 @entity2036 in length, and is primarily intended for resequencing. We tested the potential of this technology for de novo sequence assembly on the 6 Mbp genome of @entity27049 with several freely available assembly software packages. Using an unpaired data set, velvet assembled >96% of the genome into contigs with an N50 length of 8289 @entity2036 and an error rate of 0.33%. EDENA generated smaller contigs (N50 was 4192 @entity2036 ) and comparable error rates. SSAKE and VCAKE yielded shorter contigs with very high error rates. Assembly of paired-end sequence data carrying 400 bp inserts produced longer contigs (N50 up to 15 628 @entity2036 ), but with @entity101 (0.5%). Contig length and error rate were very sensitive to the choice of parameter values. Noncoding RNA genes were poorly resolved in de novo assemblies, while >90% of the protein-coding genes were assembled with 100% accuracy over their full length. This study demonstrates that, in practice, de novo assembly of 36-nucleotide reads can generate reasonably accurate assemblies from about 40 x deep sequence data sets. These draft assemblies are useful for exploring an organism's proteomic potential, at a very economic low cost.

title: De novo assembly of the XXXX genome using Illumina/Solexa short sequence reads.

entities_list: @entity27049 :: ('205918', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased error rates']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity27049 :: (205918,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The shrinkage of mesh has been cited as a possible explanation for @entity547 recurrence. Expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) is unique in that it can be visualized on computed tomography (CT). Some animal studies have shown a greater than 40% rate of contraction of ePTFE; however, very few @entity1 studies have been performed. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 815 @entity4037 ( @entity4037 ) repairs were performed by a single surgical group. DualMesh Plus (ePTFE) (WL Gore _ Associates, Newark, DE) was placed in the majority of these @entity1 using both transfascial sutures and tack fixation. Fifty-eight @entity1 had postoperative CTs of the abdomen and pelvis with ePTFE and known transverse diameter of the implanted mesh. The prosthesis was measured on the CT using the AquariusNet software program (TeraRecon, San Mateo, CA), which outlines the mesh and calculates the total length. Data were collected regarding the original mesh size, known linear dimension of mesh, @entity2080 formation, and time interval since mesh implantation in months. RESULTS: The mean shrinkage rate was 6.7%. The duration of implantation ranged from 6 weeks to 78 months, with a median of 15 months. @entity2080 was seen in 8.6% (5) of @entity1 . No relationship was identified between the percentage of shrinkage and the original mesh size (P = 0.78), duration of time implanted (P = 0.57), or @entity2080 formation (P = 0.074). In 27.5% (16) of @entity1 , no shrinkage of mesh was identified. Of the @entity1 who did experience mesh shrinkage, the range of shrinkage was 2.6-25%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are markedly different from animal studies and show that ePTFE has minimal shrinkage after @entity4037 repair. The use of transfascial sutures in addition to tack fixation may have an implication on the mesh contraction rates.

title: Does expanded XXXX mesh really shrink after laparoscopic @entity4037 repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seroma', 'seroma']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic incisional/ventral hernia', 'LIVH']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While several studies have shown an association of QEEG band power with negative symptoms in @entity1 with @entity161 , this has not yet been investigated in a sample with neuroleptic-na  ve first-episode @entity1 (NNFE) up to now. From literature we hypothesized delta (0.5-4Hz) and theta (4-8Hz) power to be augmented and alpha (8-12Hz) power to be decreased with increased negative symptoms in NNFE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 27 NNFE. Psychopathology was rated with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ). EEG was recorded from 21 electrodes according to the 10/20 system. Spectral analysis was performed on mean power of 8 electrodes in seven frequency bands after artefact removal. Linear regressions were calculated with log transformed power as dependent and psychopathology as independent variable. We controlled for medication, drugs, age, sex, education and day time of EEG recording. RESULTS: A positive correlation of @entity12269 global score with power in delta and theta frequency bands could be confirmed in NNFE. In the @entity6927 ) band we found no significant correlation with negative symptoms and in the alpha2 (10-12Hz) band there was a positive correlation with @entity12269 (p=0.069). @entity8652 (12-15Hz) power also correlated positively with @entity12269 . DISCUSSION: The present results confirm the correlation of negative symptoms with power of slow frequency bands. In addition to previous studies in chronic @entity161 @entity1 , the effect was shown in NNFE, which is compatible with augmented slow wave power being a marker for negative symptoms in @entity716 .

title: Negative symptoms in neuroleptic-na  ve @entity1 with first-episode XXXX correlate with QEEG parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, manipulations on the beating heart can lead to transient interruptions of myocardial @entity26 supply, which can generate an accumulation of @entity26 -dependent metabolites in coronary venous blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy as a monitoring method to detect possible @entity63 events in off-pump coronary artery bypass procedures. METHODS: In 15 elective @entity1 undergoing off-pump myocardial revascularization, intravascular near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of coronary venous blood was performed. NIR signals were transferred through a fiberoptic catheter for signal emission and collection. For data analysis and processing, a miniature spectrophotometer with multivariate statistical package was used. Signal acquisition and analysis were performed before and after revascularization. Spectroscopic data were compared with hemodynamic parameters, electrocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiography and laboratory findings. RESULTS: A conversion to extracorporeal circulation was not necessary. The mean number of grafts per @entity1 was 3.1 +/- 0.6. An intraoperative @entity741 was not evident, as indicated by electrocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiography. Continuous spectroscopic analysis showed reproducible absorption spectra of coronary sinus blood. Due to uneventful intraoperative courses, clear @entity63 -related changes could be detected in none of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our initial results show that intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy can reliably be used for an online intraoperative @entity63 monitoring in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. However, the method has to be further evaluated and standardized to determine the role of spectroscopy in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

title: XXXX monitoring in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery using intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) was recently linked to pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but its relation to disease activity has not been well characterized. We examined the relation between serum levels of Th17 ( @entity4155 , @entity4452 ), @entity1198 (IL-12, interferon-y), Th2 ( @entity688 , @entity650 , @entity3646 ) cytokines and disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Disease activity was determined by @entity1252 activity index (SLEDAI), anti-dsDNA antibody, and C3 and C4 levels. RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity4155 (p < 0.001), @entity650 (p = 0.006) and @entity688 (p < 0.001) were higher in @entity1252 @entity1 (n = 70) compared to healthy controls (n = 36). Higher serum @entity4452 level was found in @entity1 with active disease with cutaneous manifestations (p = 0.004) and @entity11534 (p = 0.04) compared to those without. Serum @entity4155 level above the detection limit was more frequently found in @entity1 who had active @entity1988 (11/23, 47.8%) (p = 0.002), nonrenal active disease (9/15, 60%) (p = 0.001), and inactive lupus (21/32, 65.6%) (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls (0%). Serum @entity4155 levels were otherwise comparable between these 3 groups of @entity1 and were not related to SLEDAI, glomerular filtration rate, activity or chronicity score and ISN/RPS criteria class among @entity1 with active @entity1988 . There was no significant correlation between serum @entity4155 / @entity4452 and @entity1198 or Th2 cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1252 @entity1 had higher serum @entity4155 levels than healthy controls. Elevated serum @entity4452 was found in @entity1 with inflammatory manifestations including cutaneous involvement and @entity11534 . The lack of correlation between Th17, @entity1198 , and Th2 cytokines suggested independent regulatory mechanisms for these cytokines.

title: The relation of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) and XXXX to @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines and disease activity in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity4452 :: (51561,Gene) :: ['IL-23']


abstract: @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) storage disease can be caused by local injection and systemic parenteral administration of @entity12468 -containing solutions. @entity12468 has been used as plasma expander, a retardant in certain medicines, components of food additive, and hair care products. High-molecular-weight @entity12468 polymers are prevented from @entity8 and are retained in the reticuloendothelial system. The clinical manifestations include @entity272 and @entity1503 because of @entity2131 and bony destruction with infiltration of @entity12468 storage histiocytes. Herein, we report a 65-year-old female @entity1 with @entity12468 storage disease presenting as @entity3330 and @entity417 . In our case, some gelatinous material was noted atthe @entity174 site, and the initial clinical impression was bony @entity5 or metastatic lesion. Imprint cytology showed some atypical cells exhibiting foamy cytoplasm and vacuoles. The biopsy specimen revealed that some blue-grayish, vacuolated cells infiltrate in the bone marrow spaces and regional soft tissue near @entity174 site. The unusual morphology caused a diagnostic dilemma, with the differential diagnosis, including @entity189 , @entity3580 , @entity1821 , and @entity74 . The vacuolated cells were positive for @entity469 , mucicarmine, and Congo red stains, but negative for CK ( @entity28768 protein. Combing the @entity1 's history with long-term intravenous supplement of @entity12468 -containing blood solutions, @entity12468 storage disease involving the bone and regional soft tissue was diagnosed.

title: XXXX storage disease presenting as pathologic @entity174 and @entity417 : report of a case with imprint cytology.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic and orthopedic complications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary storage disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity4280 :: (MESH:D011205,Chemical) :: ['Polyvinylpyrrolidone']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short and long term results after pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD). METHODS: A consecutive series of PDs performed at the Karolinska University Hospital from 2004 till 2010 were retrieved from our prospective database. The @entity1 were divided by BMI into overweight/ @entity28 (O; BMI >=  25 kg/m(2)) and controls (C; BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). Demographics, peri-operative data, morbidity, mortality, @entity3472 ( @entity3472 ) rate, length of stay (LOS), hospital costs, histology, and survival were analyzed. An additional sub analysis of survival was performed in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) and divided in underweight, normal-weight, overweight and @entity28 . RESULTS: A total of 367 PDs were included (O = 141/C = 226). No differences were found between O and C regarding demographics, peri-operative data, costs, morbidity or mortality. O was associated with higher intra-operative @entity190 (1392    115 mL vs 1121    83 mL; P = 0.01), rate of @entity3472 (20% vs 9.5%; P = 0.006) and marginally longer LOS (18    0.9 d vs 15    1.1 d; P = 0.05). An increasing risk for @entity3472 was observed with increasing BMI. The 1, 3 and 5 years survival rate was similar in O and C in @entity1124 (68.7%, 26.4% and 8.8% vs 66.1%, 30.9% and 17.9% respectively; P = 0.9). When the survival was analyzed using 4 different categories of BMI (underweight, normal, overweight and @entity28 ), a trend was seen toward a difference in survival, with a worse prognosis for the underweight and @entity28 @entity1 compared to normal weight and overweight @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Overweight increases the risk for @entity548 and @entity3472 , but do not otherwise alter short or long term outcome after PD for @entity788 .

title: Impact of body mass index for XXXX undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula', 'PF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of delay in surgical treatment and the choice of operation on morbidity associated with @entity3509 thoracis were evaluated in 122 consecutive @entity1 . @entity1 (71 from a private practice and 51 from an inner-city @entity130 /indigent care facility) eligible for study were divided into treatment groups of chest tube only (CT = 39) and open drainage (OD = 19), or decortication (DC = 65). Delay in treatment was defined as greater than 3 days from recognition of @entity3509 to CT and greater than 14 days to OD or DC when chest tubes were inadequate or were not used initially. Delay in OD significantly increased @entity221 (p = 0.023), days until removal of chest tubes (p = 0.037), and hospital stay (p = .048), but did not affect postoperative stay. Delay in DC increased @entity221 (p = 0.0001), but did not affect other variables. Delay in CT increased mortality from 3.4 percent to 16 percent. Delay did not increase mortality in OD and DC. DC was superior to OD in @entity1 requiring major operation in @entity221 days (DC = 36.1 vs OD = 106.1) (p = 0.0005), days until removal of tubes (DC = 7.5 vs OD = 78.3) (p = 0.0001), and postoperative stay (DC = 11.6 vs OD = 17.3) (p = 0.018). Overall mortality was lowest in the DC group (6.1 percent). Delay in treatment increases morbidity and DC is more effective than OD in reducing morbidity and mortality when surgical intervention is necessary.

title: XXXX . Factors influencing morbidity and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['total illness']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['Empyema thoracis']


abstract: The present study determined whether exposure to gonadal @entity230 in utero dictates the postnatal control of gonadotropin secretion in the lamb. There is a marked sex difference in the timing of neuroendocrine sexual maturation in @entity742 ; while male @entity742 undergo a reduction in sensitivity to inhibitory gonadal steroid feedback by 10 weeks of age, females remain hypersensitive until 30 weeks. The hypothesis was tested that prenatal @entity3800 advance the time of the decrease in feedback sensitivity, and hence the pubertal increase in pulsatile gonadotropin secretion. Pregnant ewes were injected each week with 100 mg @entity11335 im from 30-90 days of gestation (term is approximately 150 days). Five female @entity742 were born with masculinized external genitalia (penis and scrotum). These females, together with eight androgenized males, eight control males, and eight control females, were gonadectomized at 2 weeks of age and implanted with a Silastic capsule of @entity53 to produce a constant steroid feedback signal. Blood samples were collected twice weekly to monitor trends in LH secretion. For determination of LH pulse frequency, samples were collected frequently (every 12 min for 4 h) at various intervals between 5 and 32 weeks of age. In males, a sustained increase in LH from biweekly blood samples, indicative of reduced sensitivity to inhibitory @entity134 feedback, began at 10.1 +/- 1.4 weeks (mean +/- SE) of age in control males and at 5.4 +/- 0.1 weeks in androgenized males. By contrast, control females remained @entity56 as evidenced by the delay in the LH rise until 27.2 +/- 0.8 weeks. The response of the five androgenized females was intermediate; LH increased at 4, 7, 16, 20, and 21 weeks of age with an early increase of LH being associated with more pronounced masculinization of the genitalia. Patterns of pulsatile LH secretion reflected differences in serum LH measured from biweekly blood samples. For example, at 20 weeks of age, before the pubertal LH rise in female @entity742 , no pulses were evident in control females, whereas LH pulse frequency averaged 1.6 +/- 0.7 pulses/4 h in androgenized females. At this age, postpubertal males had 2.8 +/- 0.5 LH pulses/4 h. These results lead to the conclusion that in the @entity742 , prenatal @entity3800 can masculinize patterns of gonadotropin secretion, and that the timing of reproductive neuroendocrine maturation after birth is programmed by @entity3800 in utero.

title: Prenatal XXXX time neuroendocrine sexual maturation.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive much longer']

entities_list: @entity11335 :: ('MESH:C016131', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone cypionate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: In 2005, 19 115 @entity1 died of @entity2 in Spain. In spite of the increase since 1950 in absolute mortality rates, the adjusted rate for @entity1 has declined. The incidence among @entity1 is lower in Spain than in other countries but it has increased (with a ratio of 1 @entity1 for every 8.5 @entity1 ). More than 50% of the @entity1 are over 70 years of age. While the proportion of @entity420 relative to other histological types has increased worldwide, @entity957 still predominates in Spain (ranging from 24%-50.5%). The number of @entity1 treated by surgical resection has not increased (14.8% in Spain in 2003). Operative mortality is 6.8%. Between 25% and 50% of @entity1 receive only palliative medication. Absolute overall survival in @entity1 with @entity2 is under 10% in many countries. The 5-year survival rate among @entity1 treated surgically has increased slightly, with stage IA rates ranging from 58.3% to 68.5% and stage IIIA from 28.3% to 35.8%.

title: [ XXXX in Spain. Current epidemiology, survival, and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: A retrospective analysis has been made of all @entity1 with pineal and CNS @entity2971 who were treated at The Royal Marsden Hospital between 1962-1987. A total of 67 new cases were seen: 17 had initial histological verification of @entity5 type and the remainder were tested for radiosensitivity with a dose of 20 Gy following a shunting procedure. @entity1 with germ cell or radiosensitive @entity5 were treated with a uniform policy of whole neuraxis radiotherapy giving 50 Gy to the local @entity5 and 30 Gy to the remaining brain and spinal cord. Nonresponding lesions continued with local fields to a dose of 50 Gy. @entity1 were divided into three groups (a) @entity3438 and radiosensitive @entity5 , 34 cases; (b) malignant @entity44 , 12 cases; (c) non-germ cell, 21 cases. Median follow-up is 83 months (range 2-246 months). Overall and cause specific actuarial 5/10 year survival were for group 1, 81.7%/69.4% and 86.5%;/86.5%; group 2, 18.2%/18.2% and 18.2%/18.2%, and group 3, 64.3%/46.8% and 64.3%/52.6%, respectively. No @entity1 in group 1 treated during the last 12 years has recurred. Univariate analysis of factors at presentation, showed that neurological performance status (p less than .001) as well as @entity5 type (p less than .001) correlated with outcome. Recurrence was confined to the primary site in only 1 of 4 @entity1 in group 1 compared to 6 of 9 @entity1 in group 2 and 9 of 10 @entity1 in group 3. No isolated spinal recurrence occurred in group 1 @entity1 . A total of eight @entity1 have received @entity902 containing chemotherapy for recurrence (6 cases) or adjuvant therapy (4 cases). @entity3438 appear to respond better than teratomas, all of which have recurred rapidly following initial partial response. Shunting and radiosensitivity testing remains the treatment of choice for @entity5 compatible with @entity3438 . Craniospinal irradiation is associated with low morbidity providing spinal growth is complete and is recommended in older @entity1 as salvage following spinal recurrence is unsatisfactory. Aggressive combined modality approaches with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy need to be investigated to improve results in CNS @entity44 .

title: Pineal and CNS XXXX : Royal Marsden Hospital experience 1962-1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['Germinomas', 'germinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Niacin extended-release (NER) is safe and effective for treatment of @entity2299 . However, some @entity1 discontinue NER treatment because of @entity1671 , the most common adverse event associated with @entity1670 therapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of daily oral @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) on NER-induced @entity1671 in @entity1 with @entity2299 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, 5-week study was conducted (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00626392). @entity1 (n = 277) were randomly assigned to one of six treatment arms and received a 1-week run-in with @entity1281 325 mg or placebo followed by 4 weeks of @entity1281 325 mg or placebo 30 minutes before NER at a starting dose of 500 mg or 1000 mg; all @entity1 were titrated to NER 2000 mg at week 3. The primary endpoint was the maximum severity of @entity1671 events during week 1. RESULTS: In week 1, @entity1281 run-in, @entity1281 pretreatment, and a lower starting dosage of NER (500 mg/day) resulted in reductions in mean maximum severity of @entity1671 ; 48% fewer @entity1 who received @entity1281 experienced @entity1671 of moderate or greater intensity relative to placebo (absolute rates 15% vs 29%; p = 0.01). Over 4 weeks, @entity1281 reduced the number of @entity1671 / @entity1 /week by 42% relative to placebo. The discontinuation rate due to @entity1671 was lower in the @entity1281 group compared with placebo (1.8% vs 9.4%; p = 0.007). Overall safety was not different between groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a clinically meaningful reduction in the severity and incidence of NER-induced @entity1671 may be achieved with @entity1281 use.

title: XXXX reduces niacin extended-release-induced @entity1671 in @entity1 with @entity2299 .

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing', 'flushing episodes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare acute @entity344 between @entity1 groups with @entity263 , treated with conventionally fractionated (CFRT) and hypofractionated (HFRT) three-dimensional conformal external-beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: 91 @entity1 were enrolled into a randomized study with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. 44 @entity1 in the CFRT arm were irradiated with 74 Gy in 37 fractions at 2 Gy per fraction for 7.5 weeks. 47 @entity1 in the HFRT arm were treated with 57 Gy in 17 fractions for 3.5 weeks, given as 13 fractions of 3 Gy plus four fractions of 4.5 Gy. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the prostate and the base of seminal vesicles. The CTV-to- @entity343 (planning target volume) margin was 8-10 mm. Study @entity1 had portal imaging and/or simulation performed on the first fractions and repeated at least weekly. RESULTS: No acute grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were observed. The grade 2 GU acute @entity137 proportion was significantly lower in the HFRT arm: 19.1% versus 47.7% (chi(2)-test, p = 0.003). The grade 2 GU acute @entity137 -free survival was significantly better in the HFRT arm (log-rank test, p = 0.008). The median duration of overall GI acute @entity137 was shorter with HFRT: 3 compared to 6 weeks with CFRT (median test, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: In this first evaluation, the HFRT schedule is feasible and induces acceptable or even lower acute @entity137 compared with the @entity137 in the CFRT schedule. Extended follow-up is needed to justify this fractionation schedule's safety in the long term.

title: A randomized trial comparing hypofractionated and conventionally fractionated three-dimensional external-beam radiotherapy for XXXX : a report on acute @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no reports describing complications with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with segmental spinal instrumentation (SSI) using pedicle screw fixation in @entity1 with @entity4094 . METHODS: Fifty neuromuscular @entity1 (18 @entity306 , 18 @entity1555 , 8 @entity2057 and 6 others) were divided in two groups according to severity of curves; group I (< 90 degrees ) and group II (> 90 degrees ). All underwent PSF and SSI with pedicle screw fixation. There were no anterior procedures. Perioperative (within three months of surgery) and postoperative (after three months of surgery) complications were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were fifty (37 perioperative, 13 postoperative) complications. Hemo/pneumothorax, @entity1143 , @entity3126 requiring ICU care, complete @entity1566 , deep wound @entity281 and death were major complications; while atelectesis, @entity55 , mild @entity1143 , UTI, @entity2616 , @entity391 , @entity1109 or radiating @entity158 in lower limb, superficial @entity281 and wound dehiscence were minor complications. Regarding perioperative complications, 34(68%) @entity1 had at least one major or one minor complication. There were 16 @entity1 with pulmonary, 14 with abdominal, 3 with wound related, 2 with neurological and 1 @entity65 , respectively. There were two deaths, one due to @entity1167 and other due to @entity1457 . Regarding postoperative complications 7 @entity1 had coccygodynia, 3 had screw head prominence, 2 had bed sore and 1 had implant loosening, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age and increased intraoperative @entity190 (p = 0.024). However it did not increased complications or need for ICU care. Similarly intraoperative @entity190 > 3500 ml, severity of curve or need of pelvic fixation did not increase the complication rate or need for ICU. @entity1555 @entity1 had higher chances of coccygodynia postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although posterior-only approach using pedicle screw fixation had good correction rate, complications were similar to previous reports. There were few unusual complications like coccygodynia.

title: Surgical complications in XXXX operated with posterior- only approach using pedicle screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis, tingling sensation']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Binge co-consumption of highly caffeinated energy drinks with @entity285 ( @entity1068 [ @entity167 ]) has become a common practice among adolescents/young adults and has been associated with an increased incidence of @entity146 . Animal models are critical in advancing our understanding the neurobehavioral consequences of this form of binge drinking. Surprisingly, virtually no work has explored @entity5834 and @entity167 co-consumption or its long-term consequences in adolescent animals. The primary objective of the current study was to extend a previously established @entity19 model of @entity2798 @entity5834 and @entity167 co-consumption to explore adolescent consumption and responses compared to adults. METHODS: Adolescent and adult male C57BL/6J @entity19 had daily limited access to @entity5834 (0.03% w/v), @entity167 (20% v/v), a combined @entity167 / @entity5834 solution, or water for 14  days via the binge-like drinking paradigm, @entity457 ( @entity457 ). Home cage locomotor activity was measured during @entity457 in a subset of @entity19 . Following @entity457 , all @entity19 rested for 18  days so that adolescents reached adulthood, whereupon all @entity19 underwent 7  days of continuous access 2-bottle choice drinking for 10% (v/v) @entity167 or water. RESULTS: Co-consumption with @entity5834 significantly increased @entity167 intake and resultant blood @entity1068 concentrations in both adolescent and adult @entity19 . In addition, adolescent @entity19 exhibited a uniquely robust locomotor stimulant response to @entity5834 and @entity167 co-consumption. Later @entity167 intake and preference was not influenced, however, by prior fluid consumption history via @entity457 . CONCLUSIONS: Together with findings from the @entity1 literature, our results suggest that @entity5834 co-consumption may positively influence binge @entity285 consumption in adolescents/young adults. Importantly, this age group may be particularly sensitive to the additive stimulant effects of caffeinated @entity285 consumption, an effect which may be related to the high incidence of associated negative outcomes in this population. These observations are particularly concerning considering the heightened plasticity of the adolescent brain.

title: Concomitant @entity5834 Increases Binge Consumption of @entity1068 in Adolescent and Adult XXXX , But Produces Additive Motor Stimulation Only in Adolescent Animals.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hazardous behaviors']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['DID', 'drinking-in-the-dark']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary binge']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of @entity1358 arising in @entity454 and to compare survival outcomes after definitive treatment with @entity703 . METHODS: Data of 181 consecutive @entity1 with @entity703 who had received surgical treatment between 1995 and 2011 at seven institutions were reviewed. Data of 362 @entity703 @entity1 matched for clinicopathological parameters who received surgery at Asan Medical Center during the same study period were also reviewed. The two study groups were compared with respect to recurrence-free, @entity5 -specific, and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards method. Mean follow up was 40      34.2  months after surgery. RESULTS: Median @entity5 size was 2.5  cm (interquartile range 1.5-4.5), and pathological @entity5 stage was T1 in 78%, T2 in 7.1% and T3 and higher in 14.9%. Tumor histological type was clear cell in 63%, papillary in 17%, chromophobe in 5%, clear cell papillary in 2.8% and acquired @entity66 -related in 6.1%. Compared with the controls, the stage-specific 5-year recurrence-free survival was similar (87.6 vs 88.5%), but @entity5 -specific and overall survival was significantly lower. On multivariate analysis, @entity703 was not a predictor for recurrence-free survival, but a significant predictor for @entity5 -specific (hazard ratio 4.07, 95% confidence interval 2.08-7.94) and overall survival (hazard ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 1.66-5.96). CONCLUSIONS: End-stage @entity1358 seems to have comparable stage-specific recurrence-free, but poorer @entity5 -specific and overall survival compared with @entity703 . As @entity1 with @entity454 are a high-risk population for @entity1358 , routine radiographic screening to improve survival outcomes should be further investigated.

title: @entity1358 in XXXX : Multi-institutional comparative analysis of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cystic disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal disease renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease renal cell carcinoma', 'non-end-stage renal disease renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Antenatally detected @entity2096 are a rare finding, and form a heterogeneous group in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the management and outcome of fetuses after prenatal detection of @entity2096 in a tertiary care Fetal Medicine Unit over a 5-year period, thus facilitating accurate diagnosis and appropriate counseling. @entity1 were identified through a @entity2241 Database or clinician recall. Information was collected on whether the abnormality was an isolated or generalized skeletal abnormality, whether @entity854 were detected, what prognosis was counselled, whether referral to clinical genetics occurred, what investigations were performed, what was the eventual outcome and whether a final diagnosis was reached. A definitive diagnosis was made in 68% (28 of 41) of cases. However, a correct diagnosis was only achieved in 19% (eight of 41) of cases before delivery. Prognosis was correctly predicted in 83% (34 of 41) of cases. Families found the degree of uncertainty difficult, with 67% (six of nine) of @entity1 where the prognosis was 'uncertain' electing to terminate the pregnancy. Eighty percent (eight of 10) of those where the condition was deemed 'lethal' also elected to end the pregnancy. In conclusion, it is difficult to achieve a correct diagnosis before delivery when a @entity2096 is identified; however, detailed antenatal assessment may aid the differential diagnosis and help to determine prognosis. This was more likely to be achieved if the @entity1 was seen in association with a clinical geneticist. A multidisciplinary team approach involving fetal medicine, genetics, paediatric radiology, and pathology is advocated. Fetal examination, medical photography, chromosomes and DNA storage, postnatal radiography and postmortem facilitate postnatal diagnosis and counseling.

title: A review of prenatally detected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nonskeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral abnormality', 'femoral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Regional Fetal Anomaly']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Screening colonoscopy with polipectomy reduces @entity5 incidence and mortality. An adequate bowel cleansing is one of the keys to achieving best results with this technique. Oral @entity10457 solution (OSP) had a widespread use in the 90s decade. Its efficacy was similar to @entity968 ( @entity970 ) solution, but with less cost and convenient administration. Series of @entity1 with @entity810 due to OSP use have been reported. However, large cohorts of @entity1 found no difference in the incidence of @entity8 between these two solutions. METHODS: From 2006 to 2009 we identified twelve cases of @entity4613 @entity8 after colonoscopy prepared with OSP. All @entity1 were followed up to six months. All @entity1 had received just a single dose. RESULTS: We analyzed 12 cases with @entity4613 @entity8 ; three @entity1 debuted with AKI and nine @entity1 had chronic @entity8 . Four cases were confirmed with renal biopsy. One @entity1 with AKI needed hemodialysis at diagnosis without subsequent recovery. Two @entity1 (both with @entity13092 ) fully recovered their previous renal function. The remaining @entity1 (nine) had an average loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate of 24ml/min/1.73m(2). CONCLUSIONS: The use of OSP can lead to both @entity810 . However, @entity8638 was the most common pattern. Both forms of presentation imply a significant and irreversible loss of renal function. Further studies analyzing @entity8 secondary to bowel cleaning should consider these two different patterns of injury.

title: XXXX after @entity10457 solution beyond the @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal damage', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colonorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity13092 :: ('MESH:D001925', 'Disease') :: ['chronic damage']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic renal damage', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic injury']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze the cases of @entity7995 and their connection with @entity15 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We follow in a retrospective (1989-2004) study 86 @entity1 with @entity1781 , 59.3% of whom were females and 40.7% males. RESULTS: Recurrent @entity1781 was observed in 8 @entity1 (9.3%), it was 7% of all eyes and in 27 @entity1 (31.4%), that is 47.8% of all eyes, it was bilateral. @entity15 was diagnosed in 8 cases, the same number of the @entity1 was already treated because of SM. The most common initial symptom was decrease in visual acuity, which was poor (0.1 or worse) in 60% of the cases at the beginning. @entity158 occurred in 29.7%, @entity2300 in 28.7%, temporal or total pallor of the optic disc in 32.6% of the @entity1 . Central field defect was rather rare in the group studied (22.7%), to compare with paracentral or peripheral one (46.6%). In most cases of the visual evoked potentials we noticed the elongation in the latency of @entity7286 . Among 31 cases of MRI examination of the @entity6220 lesions have been revealed in 25.8%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed more cases of bilateral @entity7995 and @entity1019 than other authors. A number of diagnosed @entity15 @entity1 was high taking into consideration relatively short period of observation.

title: [Retrobulbar @entity7995 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system demyelination']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'retrobulbar neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defects']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['paracentral defects']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 of the pancreas contribute to 10-20% of @entity5 . @entity5 of the pancreas behave similar to @entity420 and thus warrant aggressive management. However, certain @entity5 do not require operative intervention. It is, therefore, important to differentiate benign lesions from malignant lesions and from those with malignant potential. AIMS: To provide an overview of the role of radiological investigations in the management of @entity788 , with emphasis on the characteristic features of @entity5 . The role of different imaging modalities is discussed, and an investigative algorithm suggested. METHODS: A literature review was carried out on Medline, Cochrane library, and PubMed using the MeSH terms 'pancreas' and 'cysts' to source relevant papers. Search criteria were limited to English literature, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, prospective and retrospective case series, published during or after 1998. DISCUSSION: Each @entity660 has characteristic radiological findings. However, the diagnostic accuracy of individual imaging techniques is still limited. A combination of imaging modalities is essential for preoperative diagnosis. CT complemented by endoscopic ultrasound and cyst fluid analysis appears to be the most promising investigation in diagnosing @entity5 . Follow-up with serial imaging is useful for lesions of uncertain aetiology.

title: Overview of the investigation and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumours', 'benign cystic neoplasms', 'Cystic neoplasms', 'cystic neoplasms', 'Malignant cystic tumours', 'pancreatic tumours']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']


abstract: Our laboratory has previously shown that glial activation and increased proinflammatory cytokine expression are observed in the @entity35 spinal cord following @entity1897 that result in @entity9 behaviors. In the present study, we sought to determine whether acute @entity32 induces changes in central glial and cytokine ( @entity3426 ) expression similar to those seen following peripheral spinal nerve transection. Two models of @entity32 were used in this study: @entity406 (5% solution) or zymosan (25 mg/ml) injected subcutaneously into the plantar portion of the left hind paw of male Holtzman-strain @entity35 . The @entity35 were euthanized at 1 h, 6 h, and 1, 3, 7 days post-injection (n=4 or 5/group/time point). As expected, the animals treated with @entity406 showed a spontaneous @entity158 response and mechanical @entity1931 that persisted for approximately 60 min following injection. The animals treated with zymosan exhibited mild spontaneous @entity158 responses during the first hour and mechanical @entity1931 at 6 h and 1 day following injection. Immunohistochemistry for glial activation and cytokine expression was performed on L4-L5 spinal levels in all @entity35 . Spinal sections from both @entity406 and @entity31156 treated animals exhibited microglial and astrocytic activation and increased @entity3426 immunoreactivity at 1 and 6 h, respectively. Spinal glial activation and upregulation of @entity3426 appear to parallel the development and maintenance of zymosan and @entity406 -induced mechanical @entity1931 . These findings support a unifying theory that glial activation and cytokine expression have a similar, if not related, role in producing @entity1931 following either @entity32 or @entity1897 .

title: Acute @entity32 induces moderate glial activation and spinal @entity3426 expression that correlates with XXXX behavior in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury', 'peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is paradoxically associated with survival in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Our objective was to assess whether the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and long-term survival is associated with @entity712 etiology ( @entity63 vs. non- @entity63 ) in a cohort of ambulatory @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: BMI and survival status after a median follow-up of 6.1 years (IQR 2.2-7.8) were available for 504 @entity1 (73% @entity1 ; median age 68 years [IQR 58-74]). Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 had @entity63 etiology. Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 30% (IQR 23-39.7%). Most @entity1 were in NYHA functional class II (51%) or III (42%). @entity1 were divided into four groups according to BMI: low weight (BMI < 20.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (BMI 20.5 to < 25.5 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25.5 to < 30 kg/m(2)), and @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mortality differed significantly across the BMI strata in non- @entity63 @entity1 (log-rank p < 0.0001) but not in @entity63 @entity1 . Using normal weight @entity1 as a reference, hazard ratios for low weight, overweight, and @entity28 @entity1 were 2.08 (1.16-3.75, p = 0.014), 0.88 (0.54-1.43, p = 0.60), and 0.49 (0.28-0.86, p = 0.01), respectively, for non- @entity63 @entity1 and 1.19 (0.48-2.97, p = 0.71), 0.88 (0.61-1.27, p = 0.48), and 0.96 (0.66-1.41, p = 0.85), respectively, for @entity63 @entity1 . After adjusting for age, sex, NYHA functional class, LVEF, co-morbidities, and treatment, BMI remained an independent predictor of survival in non- @entity63 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Over long-term follow-up of @entity63 and non- @entity63 @entity712 , the @entity28 paradox was only observed in @entity1 with non- @entity63 @entity712 .

title: The @entity28 paradox in XXXX : is etiology a key factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardioembolism in paroxysmal @entity955 (pxAF) is a frequent cause of @entity385 . Sensitive detection of pxAF after @entity64 is crucial for adequate secondary @entity64 prevention; the optimal diagnostic modality to detect pxAF on @entity64 units is unknown. We compared 24-hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) with @entity64 unit ECG monitoring (CEM) for pxAF detection. METHODS: @entity1 with acute @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack were prospectively enrolled. After a 12-channel ECG on admission, all @entity1 received 24-hour Holter ECG and CEM. Additionally, ECG monitoring data underwent automated analysis using dedicated software to identify pxAF. @entity1 with a history of @entity955 or with @entity955 on the admission ECG were excluded. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-six @entity1 (median age, 69 years; 61.5% male) fulfilled all inclusion criteria ( @entity385 : 80.4%; transient @entity63 attack: 19.6%). Median @entity64 unit stay lasted 88.8 hours (interquartile range, 65.0-122.0). ECG data for automated CEM analysis were available for a median time of 64.0 hours (43.0-89.8). Paroxysmal AF was documented in 41 of 496 @entity1 (8.3%). Of these, Holter detected pxAF in 34.1%; CEM in 65.9%; and automated CEM in 92.7%. CEM and automated CEM detected significantly more @entity1 with pxAF than Holter (P<0.001), and automated CEM detected more @entity1 than CEM (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Automated analysis of CEM improves pxAF detection in @entity1 with @entity64 on @entity64 units compared with 24-hour Holter ECG. The comparative usefulness of prolonged or repetitive Holter ECG recordings requires further evaluation.

title: @entity64 unit electrocardiographic monitoring versus 24-hour Holter electrocardiography for detection of paroxysmal @entity955 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'continuous stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity21696 were subjected to hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid testing in an attempt to establish the presence or absence of an underlying @entity4611 . They were divided into two groups in accordance with the serum level of prolactin (PRL): Group I (N = 25, mean +/- SE 17.6 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) and Group II (N = 16, 102.8 +/- 29.7 ng/ml). The dynamic tests performed were a TRH test, a stimulation test with @entity1769 (MCP) and a suppression test with @entity2847 . The results of these tests were compared with those obtained in nine normal @entity1 and eleven @entity1 with surgically proved @entity4611 . Radiologically abnormal pituitary fossas were found in ten subjects from Group I and in fourteen from Group II. All @entity1 were euthyroid. A persistently elevated serum TSH in response to @entity1218 was observed in @entity1 of Group II suggesting an @entity1640 and a progressive decrease in the 120-min use of serum T3 was noted with increasing evidence of the existence of a @entity5 . A negative correlation was found between the basal serum PRL and the rise of serum PRL with TRH. @entity1 from Group II showed a lower PRL response to MCP when compared to Group I and again a negative correlation between basal level of serum PRL and the change after MCP was observed. No clear difference in the 4-h response to @entity2847 was found between the different groups of subjects. In conclusion, none of the three tests analysed permitted us to establish which of the @entity1 had an underlying @entity4611 .

title: XXXX : diagnostic studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['oligo-menorrhoea and/or galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['Pituitary microadenoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate a @entity6588 outbreak in the Thrace region of @entity233 . The outbreak occurred in Demirkoy village of Edirne, in 2005. Of 400 villagers, 266 were examined and their sera were taken. Throat swabs and lymph node aspirates were cultured. Specific antibodies in @entity1 and domestic animals were screened by a microagglutination test. PCR assays and cultures of the samples of @entity1 , animal tissues, and water sources were performed, along with active surveillance to identify risk factors. Seven out of 10 cases were diagnosed as oropharyngeal form; the remaining three @entity1 were asymptomatic. The cultures for @entity6588 were negative; however, PCR assays were positive in one lymph node aspirate and in water from one spring. Some animals had the specific antibody at low levels. Increased rodent population in the vicinity, exposure to wild @entity95 , and drinking from one of the springs were identified as risk factors with the risk ratios (and 95% confidence interval) of 10.5 (10.3-10.7), 6.5 (5.43-7.57), and 2.1 (1.1-2.5), respectively. Therapeutic and preventive measures were taken. When @entity6588 cases have been detected in a region even a few decades earlier, @entity6588 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: @entity6588 re-emerging in European part of XXXX after 60 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) differ in clinical behavior and prognosis. Determination of malignant potential through specimens obtained by EUS-FNA can help in the management of these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of EUS-FNA for diagnosing @entity788 and for classifying their underlying malignant potential based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective, cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. @entity1 : This study involved 86 consecutive @entity1 (44 @entity1 , mean age 58 +/- 14 years) who had been diagnosed with @entity788 and submitted to EUS-FNA from January 1999 to August 2008. INTERVENTION: EUS-FNA of a pancreatic mass and/or a @entity3 site. Immunohistochemistry on microbiopsies or on monolayer cytology was routinely used. The lesions were classified as recommended by the WHO. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: EUS-FNA sensitivity and 5-year survival rate. RESULTS: Overall, in 90% (77 of 86) of @entity1 in this study, PET was diagnosed with EUS-FNA. The sensitivity did not vary with @entity5 size, type, location, or the presence of hormonal secretion. Of 86 @entity1 , 30 (35%) were submitted to surgical resection. The kappa correlation index between the WHO classification obtained by EUS-FNA and by surgery was 0.38 (P = .003). Major discrepancies were found in the group of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8703 of uncertain behavior by EUS-FNA, because 72% turned out to have well-differentiated @entity8703 . Sixteen @entity1 (27%) died during a mean follow-up period of 34 +/- 27 months. The 5-year survival rates were 100% for endocrine @entity5 , 68% for @entity8703 , and 30% for poorly differentiated endocrine @entity189 (P = .008, log-rank test). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design, selection bias, and small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: This largest single-center experience to date demonstrated the accuracy of EUS-FNA in diagnosing and determining the malignant behavior of @entity788 . EUS-FNA findings predict 5-year survival in @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: EUS-FNA predicts 5-year survival in pancreatic endocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic endocrine tumors', 'PETs']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine carcinoma', 'well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas', 'endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To apply the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for development and evaluation of trials of complex interventions to a primary healthcare intervention to promote secondary prevention of @entity301 . STUDY DESIGN: Case report of intervention development. METHODS: First, literature relating to secondary prevention and lifestyle change was reviewed. Second, a preliminary intervention was modeled, based on literature findings and focus group interviews with @entity1 (n = 23) and staff (n = 29) from 4 general practices. @entity1 ' experiences of and attitudes toward key intervention components were explored. Third, the preliminary intervention was pilot-tested in 4 general practices. After delivery of the pilot intervention, practitioners evaluated the training sessions, and qualitative data relating to experiences of the intervention were collected using semistructured interviews with staff (n = 10) and @entity1 focus groups (n = 17). RESULTS: Literature review identified 3 intervention components: a structured recall system, practitioner training, and @entity1 information. Initial qualitative data identified variations in recall system design, training requirements (medication prescribing, facilitating behavior change), and information appropriate to the prospective study @entity1 . Identifying detailed structures within intervention components clarified how the intervention could be tailored to individual practice, practitioner, and @entity1 needs while preserving the theoretical functions of the components. Findings from the pilot phase informed further modeling of the intervention, reducing administrative time, increasing practical content of training, and omitting unhelpful @entity1 information. CONCLUSION: Application of the MRC framework helped to determine the feasibility and development of a complex intervention for primary care research.

title: Development of a complex intervention for secondary prevention of XXXX in primary care using the UK Medical Research Council framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: @entity4186 (common, @entity22157 and mule @entity4186 ) are the third most important bird species in animal production for @entity1 consumption worldwide. Our study aimed to improve the efficiency of mule @entity4186 breeding, thus contributing to the efficiency of food production in general. In the common @entity4186 , females can be bred either with males of the same species (i.e. in pure breeding (PB) subscript p) or in inter-generic crossbreeding (CB; subscript c) with @entity22157 drakes to produce the hybrid mule @entity4186 . The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters of several indicators of duration of fertility, considered to be a trait of the female @entity4186 , within and between breeding schemes and, in particular, to estimate the purebred-crossbred genetic correlation (rg pc). These indicators were @entity249 ( @entity601 ), that is, the time interval between insemination and the last fertilised egg, the number of fertile eggs (F) and of hatched ducklings (H) after a single artificial insemination (AI), and the fertility rate over days 2 to 12 after AI (F 2,12), taking three sub-periods (F 2,4, F 5,8, F 9,12) into account. A total of 494 females and 2655 inseminations were involved. PB resulted in longer duration of fertility ( @entity601 p = 8.1 v. @entity601 c = 6.4 days). Heritability (h 2) was higher for @entity601 p (estimate    s.e.: 0.27    0.04) than for @entity601 c (0.15    0.04), but both traits were highly correlated with each other (rg pc = 0.85    0.07). F p and F c had similar heritability (h 2 around 0.24) and displayed a high genetic correlation (0.78    0.07). The same was true for H p and H c (h 2 around 0.17 and rg pc = 0.88    0.05). The heritability estimates were 0.24    0.03 for F 2,12p and 0.20    0.04 for F 2,12c, with a 0.80    0.07 genetic correlation between each other. Permanent environmental effects influenced @entity601 p far less than @entity601 c, F p less than F c, but H p and H c to the same extent. The high values for rg pc (>0.78) indicated that the same genes are involved in the duration of fertility for both PB and CB. Unlike CB, initial fertility for PB (F 2,4p) was not correlated to overall fertility rate and to duration of fertility and probably involves different genes, if any. In both breeding schemes, indirect selection on F would be better than direct selection on H to improve H, and easier to implement than selection on @entity601 . Moreover, any gain in one breeding scheme will have its correlated counterpart in the other one, because of the high values of rg pc.

title: Inheritance of duration of fertility in female common XXXX ( @entity4186 ) inseminated in pure breeding or in inter-generic crossbreeding with @entity22157 drakes ( @entity22157 ).

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['maximum duration of fertility']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['ducks']