abstract: OBJECT: Electrolyte and endocrinological complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are infrequent but serious events, likely due to transient @entity1640 . While the incidence of @entity2010 is relatively well known, @entity2753 is not often reported. The authors report on a series of 5 @entity1 with post-ETV @entity2753 . METHODS: The records of @entity1 undergoing ETV between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed. All ETVs were performed with a rigid neuroendoscope via a frontal bur hole, standard third ventricle floor blunt perforation, Fogarty catheter dilation, and intermittent normal saline irrigation. Postoperative MR images were evaluated for @entity130 as well as the trajectory from the bur hole center to the fenestration site. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (20 male and 12 female) underwent ETV. Their median age was 6 years (range 3 weeks-28 years). @entity1276 was most commonly due to @entity1276 (43%), nontectal @entity5 (25%), or @entity11 (13%). Five @entity1 (16%) had multicystic/loculated @entity1276 . Five @entity1 (16%) developed @entity2753 between 1 and 8 days following ETV, including 2 @entity1 with @entity410 (1 of whom was still hospitalized at the time of the @entity410 and 1 of whom was readmitted as a result of the @entity410 ) and 3 @entity1 who were readmitted because of decline in their condition following routine discharge. No @entity1640 were noted on imaging. Univariate risk factors consisted of age of 2 years or less (p = 0.02), presence of @entity5409 (p = 0.02), and ETV trajectory angle 10   or more from perpendicular (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a well-tolerated procedure but can result in serious complications. @entity2753 is rare and may be more likely in younger @entity1 or those with cystic loculations. @entity1 with altered craniometry may be at particular risk with a rigid endoscopic approach requiring greater manipulation of subforniceal or hypothalamic structures.

title: XXXX following endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a report of 5 cases and analysis of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus', 'nontumoral aqueductal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction', 'hypothalamic injuries']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['tectal glioma']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endoscope tract injury']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['Hyponatremia']


abstract: @entity14 are on rang 3 of the @entity5 in @entity1 and in @entity1 in incidence as well as in mortality. The only method to save more @entity1 with these @entity5 is the early detection. It is to realize at its best by combination of digital rectal examination (DRE), testing for blood in feces and sigmoidoscopy. About DRE nothing is to discuss. The lack of a method without a high percentage of false negative and false positive results is the main problem of testing blood in feces. But the existing methods have to be used until more effective ones will be developed. Method no 3 is the sigmoidoscopy with the new generation of flexible instruments. Doctors have to prefer them because their use is easier, more informative and better tolerable for @entity1 as the old rigid rectoscops. An additional method to evaluate the @entity5 expansion during surgical treatment is the endoscopic ultrasound examination. It enables the surgeon to look through the colorectal wall for evaluation of the @entity5 -spreading. There is no doubt, that the surgical treatment is the most effective. It can save around 90% of @entity5 @entity1 if the @entity5 is detected in an early stage. The results of chemotherapy are not convincing at all. @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) seems to be the most effective but not curing drug, possibly in combination with immunemodulators. IN CONCLUSION: @entity14 , early detection is the key. If the @entity1 , the practicien and the surgeon will have this in mind, 50,000 pats with @entity14 more could be saved this year in the USA. Similar results should be possible in our country also.

title: [Early diagnosis saves XXXX lives--on the status of @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'Colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5948 -induced symptomatic @entity712 is often irreversible, underlining the usefulness of  pretreatment risk assessment. @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) before or after chemotherapy is associated with a later decrease in @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ); however, whether prechemotherapy @entity6475 is associated with symptomatic @entity712 and @entity204 in @entity1 treated with @entity8253 is unknown. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1583 treated with @entity8253 who underwent prechemotherapy echocardiography between November 2006 and June 2011 were retrospectively recruited. Basic demographic data, end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes, @entity1002 , and @entity6475 were measured. Clinical @entity299 ( @entity299 ) were defined as @entity204 or symptomatic @entity712 . The association of prechemotherapy parameters with @entity299 was analyzed using proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 1,593  days (range, 13-2,891  days) after the start of chemotherapy, 28 of 450 @entity1 (6%) experienced @entity299 . Prechemotherapy @entity1002 and @entity6475 were lower in @entity1 with @entity299 compared with those without @entity299 (58      10% vs 62      7% [P  =  .005] and -15.0      2.8% vs -19.7      2.7% [P  <  .0001], respectively). @entity6 (hazard ratio [HR], 7.06; P  <  .0001), @entity101 (HR, 2.22; P  =  .04), @entity1002 (HR, 0.93; P  =  .005), and @entity6475 (HR, 1.47; P  <  .0001) were associated with @entity299 . After controlling for clinical variables, prechemotherapy @entity6475 remained independently associated with @entity299 (P  <  .0001). @entity6475 less than the absolute value of -17.5% was found in 105 @entity1 (23%) and was associated with a sixfold increase in @entity299 (P  <  .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Prechemotherapy @entity6475 is an effective tool to stratify @entity1 at high risk for @entity299 after @entity5948 therapy and may help tailor treatments to decrease @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Myocardial Strain Is Associated with Adverse Clinical Cardiac Events in @entity1 Treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Global longitudinal strain', 'GLS']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic cancers']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CEs', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity8253 :: (MESH:D018943,Chemical) :: ['Anthracyclines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 tends to have the greatest impact on the smaller vessels and contributes significantly to occlusive disease from the popliteal artery distally. PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes after a balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) by chronic total occlusion (CTO) limited to below-the-knee (BTK) arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From August 2005, @entity1 who presented @entity63 and CTO limited to the BTK arteries, and who underwent @entity34 , were included in this study. The primary endpoints evaluated were technical success, limb salvage, and primary patency. The secondary endpoints evaluated were 30-day access site, intervention site, and systemic complications. Patency and limb salvage were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The BTK @entity34 ( @entity34 ) was performed on 64 limbs. Technical success rate was 93.8% and limb salvage rate was 90.6%. Three of four limbs with technical failure and three of 60 limbs with technical success underwent BTK amputation and the comparison of these rates were significantly different (75% vs. 5%, P = 0.002). Primary patency rates for the limbs were 75% and 59.1% at 6-month and 12-month follow-up, respectively. Minor complications disappeared through the follow-up periods and there was no 30-day complication or systemic adverse events for the treated vessel. CONCLUSION: Even though @entity34 for @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity6 and CTO in isolated BTK arteries does not have comparable primary patency, it can lead to a very high rate of limb salvage. This result can accentuate the importance of more blood flow to the foot by means of successful revascularization using @entity34 rather than long-term patency in CTO of isolated BTK arteries.

title: Clinical outcomes of endovascular treatments for XXXX with chronic total occlusive lesions limited to below-the-knee arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['EVT', 'endovascular treatment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant expression of cadherins and catenins plays pivotal roles in @entity43 development and progression. Plakoglobin (PG, y-catenin) is a paralog of @entity3546 with dual adhesive and signaling functions. While @entity3546 has known oncogenic function, PG generally acts as a @entity5 / @entity3 suppressor. We recently showed that PG interacted with @entity876 and that its growth/ @entity3 inhibitory function may be mediated by this interaction. Very little is known about the role of PG in @entity43 . Here, we investigated the in vitro @entity5 / @entity3 suppressor effects of PG in @entity43 cell lines with mutant @entity876 expression and different cadherin profiles. We showed that the @entity6076 expressing and @entity5962 and PG deficient @entity1 cells were highly migratory and invasive, whereas @entity1 cells that express @entity5962 , PG and very little/no @entity6076 were not. Exogenous expression of PG or @entity5962 or @entity6076 knockdown in @entity1 cells (ES-2-E-cad, ES-2-PG and ES-2-shN-cad) significantly reduced their migration and invasion. Also, PG expression or @entity6076 knockdown significantly decreased @entity1 cells growth. Furthermore, PG interacted with both cadherins and with wild type and mutant @entity876 in normal ovarian and @entity1 -PG cell lines, respectively.

title: Plakoglobin Reduces the in vitro Growth, Migration and Invasion of XXXX Cells Expressing @entity6076 and Mutant @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: @entity455 ( @entity455 ) is the major dose-limiting @entity137 of immunotoxin and @entity2047 therapy. It has been evidenced that @entity455 -inducing molecules share a three- @entity535 consensus motif, (x)D(y), which may be responsible for initiating @entity455 . Here we have constructed a recombinant immunotoxin (SMFv-PE38KDEL) by genetically fusing PE38KDEL to a single-chain antibody derived from SM5-1 monoclonal antibody, which has a high specificity for @entity320 , @entity157 and @entity0 . In order to eliminate @entity455 induced by this PE38KDEL-based immunotoxin, a panel of mutants were generated by changing @entity535 residues adjacent to its three (x)D(y) motifs in the three-dimensional structure. One of the SMFv-PE38KDEL mutants, denoted as @entity38449 , displayed a similar protein synthesis inhibitory in a reticulocyte lysate translation assay compared to the wild-type SMFv-PE38KDEL (wt). The in vitro @entity137 assay indicated that @entity38449 specifically killed SM5-1 binding protein-positive @entity5 cells, although its @entity137 was slightly less than wt. In contrast, @entity38449 was shown to be much weaker in inducing @entity455 in @entity19 than wt. The LD(50) values of wt and @entity38449 in @entity19 were investigated with the result that the LD(50) of @entity38449 was about tenfold higher than that of wt. The in vivo antitumor activity of wt and @entity38449 were also compared in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Both wt and @entity38449 were effective in inhibiting the @entity5 growth but @entity38449 showed improved therapeutic efficacy. These studies suggest @entity38449 may be a novel PE-based immunotoxin with much less @entity137 for clinical use.

title: Treatment of @entity157 in a XXXX xenograft model with an immunotoxin which is engineered to eliminate @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VLS', 'Vascular leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity2631 or @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is a disorder characterized by @entity82 of the skin and multiple internal organs. The pathological lesion is a triad of small artery intimal proliferation, medial thinning and adventitial scarring. Autoamputation of fingers and toes is often seen, but only a few cases of limb amputation in @entity2631 @entity1 have been reported. The Pittsburgh @entity2631 databank includes 1,030 @entity1 with @entity785 . Among these were seven @entity1 who sustained lower limb amputation. There were four @entity1 with the CREST variant of @entity785 , two with @entity7087 , and one who had @entity785 / @entity309 / @entity6558 overlap who sustained limb amputation. Of the seven, three were male and five had a significant smoking history. Ages ranged from 46 to 71 years. All @entity1 underwent amputation for nonhealing @entity1066 . No problems with postoperative wound healing were seen. Pathologic changes typical of @entity785 in addition to @entity1095 were described in one case. Three @entity1 were successfully fitted with prostheses and became independent ambulators. Four @entity1 could not be fitted with prostheses. No skin problems were reported related to prosthetic use. Our review demonstrates that @entity785 @entity1 who undergo amputation can become successful prosthetic users and should be considered for prosthetic prescription.

title: Lower extremity amputation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Sclerosis', 'SSC']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: Different elements of physical fitness in @entity1 have shown a declining trend during the past few decades. @entity1957 have been associated with cognition, but the magnitude of this association remains unknown. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship of @entity1957 with cognitive functions and academic performance in @entity1 up to 13 years of age. Cross-sectional studies suggest that @entity1 with higher @entity410 have more efficient cognitive processing at the neuroelectric level, as well as larger hippocampal and basal ganglia volumes, compared to @entity1 with lower @entity410 . Higher @entity410 has been associated with better inhibitory control in tasks requiring rigorous attention allocation. Better motor skills have been related to more efficient cognitive functions including inhibitory control and working memory. Higher @entity410 and better motor skills have also been associated with better academic performance. Furthermore, none of the studies on @entity410 have revealed independent associations with cognitive functions by controlling for motor skills. Studies concerning the relationship between motor skills and cognitive functions also did not consider @entity410 in the analyses. The results of this review suggest that high levels of @entity1957 may be beneficial for cognitive development and academic performance but the evidence relies mainly on cross-sectional studies.

title: XXXX in relation to cognition and academic performance in @entity1 - a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills', 'Cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills']


abstract: This article gives an overview of electrical cardioversion of AF and includes the discussion of newer strategies. DC external cardioversion is highly effective and carries a low risk of complications. Other approaches, like transesophageal cardioversion and high energy internal cardioversion, may improve the acute success rate but do not enhance long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm compared to external cardioversion. An @entity955 may have important advantages which relate to the fact that the duration and possibly also the number of AF episodes become reduced. Supposedly, shortening the attacks of AF may exert an antiarrhythmic effect by limiting electrical, anatomical, and @entity5707 . So far, @entity258 using an @entity955 seems to be effective and safe (i.e., does not induce @entity943 ). However, discomfort limits its tolerability in clinical practice. Future improvement of leads and light sedation that is easy to administer may overcome this problem. In the second part of this overview, the probability of AF recurrence using a serial cardioversion approach is discussed. In middle-aged @entity1 with a fair exercise tolerance and an @entity943 duration < than 36 months this approach may be worthwhile. Young @entity1 (age < 57 years) with an @entity943 duration < 3 months and without @entity101 may be cured from the @entity943 with a single shock and without the institution of antiarrhythmic drugs. However, the serial electrical cardioversion approach is unlikely to succeed in elderly @entity1 with a duration of AF exceeding 36 months and a poor exercise tolerance (NYHA Functional Class III or IV).

title: Cardioversion of XXXX and subsequent maintenance of sinus rhythm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['neurohumoral remodeling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low energy biatrial defibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Mutations in @entity37094 ( @entity37094 ) cause @entity5108 . Many dominant @entity37094 mutations, including @entity37095 , present as infantile onset dysmyelinating @entity16 . We have generated an @entity37095 'knock-in' @entity19 model of @entity5108 , where a mutation encoding @entity37095 was targeted to the @entity19 @entity37094 gene. Both heterozygous ( @entity37095 /+) and homozygous ( @entity37095 / @entity37095 ) @entity19 develop @entity425 , @entity616 velocities and morphologically abnormal myelin; @entity37095 / @entity37095 @entity19 are more severely affected. MpzR98C is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of Schwann cells and provokes a transitory, canonical unfolded protein response. Ablation of @entity13841 , a mediator of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase unfolded protein response pathway restores compound muscle action potential amplitudes of @entity37095 /+ @entity19 but does not alter the reduced conduction velocities, reduced axonal diameters or clinical behaviour of these animals. @entity37095 / @entity37095 Schwann cells are developmentally arrested in the promyelinating stage, whereas development is delayed in @entity37095 /+ @entity19 . The proportion of cells expressing @entity9829 , an inhibitor of @entity17 , is elevated in mutant nerves, whereas the proportion of cells expressing the promyelinating transcription factor @entity30264 is decreased, particularly in @entity37095 / @entity37095 @entity19 . Our results provide a potential link between the accumulation of MpzR98C in the endoplasmic reticulum and a @entity245 in @entity17 . These @entity19 provide a model by which we can begin to understand the early onset @entity17 seen in @entity1 with @entity37095 and similar mutations.

title: MpzR98C arrests Schwann cell development in a XXXX model of early-onset @entity5108 .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelination', 'dysmyelination']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity37095 :: ('p|SUB|R|98|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R98C']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal nerve conduction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) are placed in @entity1 at risk for @entity1164 , but the procedure may cause adverse events. @entity1 body habitus may be an important factor responsible for @entity1479 implantation complications. We assessed whether underweight or @entity28 compared with normal weight @entity1 , as defined by body mass index (BMI), were at increased risk for adverse events from @entity1479 implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 83 312 first-time @entity1479 recipients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry- @entity1479 Registry implanted between April 2010 and June 2011. Using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression adjusted for @entity1 demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined the association of BMI with in-hospital complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Underweight (BMI  <= 18.5 kg/m(2)) @entity1 comprised 1.7% of the cohort (n=1434), whereas @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)) @entity1 comprised 40.1% (n=33 339). Overall, a higher proportion of underweight @entity1 experienced complications (normal weight, 2.3%; @entity28 , 2.1%; underweight 5.2%; P<0.0001) and @entity204 (normal weight, 0.3%; @entity28 , 0.3%; underweight 0.8%; P=0.026) as a result of @entity1479 implantation. After multivariable adjustment, underweight @entity1479 recipients had a greater odds of complications (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 2.75; P<0.0001), hospital stay >3 days (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.89; P<0.0001), and in-hospital @entity204 (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.21 to 4.27; P=0.011) compared with normal weight @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 did not exhibit any meaningful differences in the same outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In a large, real-world population, underweight first-time @entity1479 recipients experienced significantly more periprocedural complications, prolonged hospital stays, and in-hospital @entity204 compared with normal weight @entity1 .

title: Low body mass index but not XXXX is associated with in-hospital adverse events and mortality among implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Obesity is an important risk factor for @entity694 in @entity1 , and numerous studies have shown that a high fat diet enhances @entity694 development. As both increased @entity1386 and high fat diet can promote tumorigenesis, we examined the effect of diet-induced @entity28 , without ongoing high fat diet, on @entity694 development. C57BL/6J male @entity19 were fed regular chow or high fat diet for 8 weeks. Diets were either maintained or switched resulting in four experimental groups: regular chow (R), high fat diet (H), regular chow switched to high fat diet (RH), and high fat diet switched to regular chow (HR). @entity19 were then administered @entity2985 to induce @entity694 . @entity5 incidence and multiplicity were dramatically smaller in the R group relative to all groups that received high fat diet at any point. The effect of @entity28 on @entity694 could not be explained by differences in aberrant crypt foci number. Moreover, diet did not alter colonic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity777 , @entity635 , and interferon-y, which were measured immediately after @entity2985 treatment. Crypt apoptosis and proliferation, which were measured at the same time, were increased in the HR relative to all other groups. Our results suggest that factors associated with @entity28 - independently of ongoing high fat diet and @entity28 - promote @entity5 development because HR group animals had significantly more @entity5 than R group, and these @entity19 were fed the same regular chow throughout the entire carcinogenic period. Moreover, there was no difference in the number of aberrant crypt foci between these groups, and thus the effect of @entity28 appears to be on subsequent stages of @entity5 development when early preneoplastic lesions transition into @entity652 .

title: Diet-induced @entity28 promotes @entity694 development in @entity2985 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon tumor', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new method of local therapy of @entity5 based on bioelectric effect of electrical current. Short electric pulses with high voltage create nano size-pores in @entity5 cell membranes resulting in apoptosis of the exposed cells. The purpose of our study was to verify the IRE technique performed percutaneously under CT navigation and to assess effects of application of this method in early stages of primary and secondary hepatic, @entity703 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From November 2011 to October 2012 IRE was performed with NanoKnife (by AngioDynamics) in the population of 15 @entity1 - 6 males and 9 females. IRE was performed under total anaesthesia with 2-5 needle electrodes introduced under CT navigation in the @entity5 base. The results of the treatment were assessed on the basis of modified RECIST criteria applied in 1-, 3- and 6-month intervals. A control CT or MRI examination 6 months post IRE was undertaken by 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 died one month post IRE of @entity1151 , two refused to visit for the control examination and another two are still to undergo the examination after 6 months. Out of the 10 examined @entity1 success of IRE was demonstrated in 7 cases (70.0%) and IRE failure in 3 @entity1 (30.0%). CONCLUSION: IRE is a new, mini-invasive therapeutic method applicable to local treatment of @entity5 in cases where surgical approach is technically unfeasible or excessively risky. On the basis of first experience in a small cohort of @entity1 IRE performed under CT navigation appears to be an effective and safe ablation method with a large therapeutic potential. Its results will however need to be assessed within a longer time horizon and in a larger cohort of population.

title: [Irreversible electroporation: local, non-thermal, ablation therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malign tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic, renal and pulmonary tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours']


abstract: Although normal megakaryocytic development has been shown to require the presence of functional @entity3421 and @entity19360 transcription factors in vivo, the roles of other members of the GATA binding factors and @entity19360 family during megakaryocytic differentiation are unclear. the present study, the expression of GATA family members, @entity3421 and @entity12627 , a GATA-binding factor, @entity22213 , the large subunit of @entity19360 factor, @entity19360 and the related factors, @entity25577 , @entity13791 , @entity42653 , @entity7101 , @entity38648 , and the small subunit of @entity19360 , @entity42654 and @entity286 has been examined in @entity1 megakaryocytic and erythroid cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. @entity2280 + cells isolated from @entity1 cord blood were induced to unilineage megakaryocytic or erythroid differentiation in liquid suspension culture in the presense of thrombopoietin or @entity1307 , respectively. Each lineage was identified by monoclonal antibody against @entity1427 /IIIa or glycophorin A. In megakaryocytic culture, @entity19360 , @entity25577 , @entity13791 , @entity7101 , @entity42654 and @entity286 mRNAs were induced similarly to erythroid culture. @entity42653 mRNA was barely detected in both cultures. @entity38648 was induced only in megakaryocytic culture, although the level of expression was low. Furthermore, the profiles of transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis, @entity22213 and @entity12136 mRNAs were induced only in megakaryocytic culture. Megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation pathways are closely related to each other, and these two lineage cells share a number of lineage-specific transcription factors. However, the results showed that the profile of the expression of these transcription factors in megakaryocytic cells is distinct from that of erythroid lineage. The dynamic changes in the levels of different transcription factors that occur during primary megakaryocytic differentiation suggest that the levels of these factors may influence the progression to specific hematopoietic pathways.

title: Expression of transcription factors during megakaryocytic differentiation of @entity2280 + cells from XXXX cord blood induced by thrombopoietin.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Separate literatures indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV), @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and @entity285 use are independently associated with increased risk for cigarette smoking. No previous studies have examined the co-occurrence of these problems on smoking quantity and potential gender-specific relationships. This study will address this gap in the literature. METHODS: Data from @entity13831 of the National Epidemiologic Study on @entity285 and Related Conditions (NESARC) were examined. Variables were assessed during the past year. Individuals (N   =   25,604) who reported being married, dating, or involved in a romantic relationship were included. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , @entity1005 and @entity285 use were associated with more cigarettes smoked per day. Among @entity1 , @entity1005 , @entity285 use, and IPV victimization were associated with more cigarettes smoked per day. @entity1 who experienced IPV victimization smoked approximately three additional cigarettes per day. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: IPV victimization, @entity1005 , and @entity285 use were associated with cigarettes smoked among @entity1 , while IPV experiences were not associated with smoking risk among @entity1 . SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: These findings represent an important contribution to the existing literature in that it elucidates the compounding relationship between a common and complex comorbidity and cigarette smoking. Findings indicate a critical need to implement routine smoking screening and intervention in venues where intimate partner violence is commonly encountered, such as advocacy and substance use treatment settings. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1-8).

title: Effects of intimate partner violence, @entity1005 , and XXXX use on cigarette smoking in a nationally representative sample.

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity5930 is one of the most consistent hallmarks of @entity565 . Infiltration of eosinophils into the lung in experimental @entity565 is dependent on the adhesion molecule @entity6580 ( @entity6580 ) on endothelial cells. Ligation of @entity6580 activates endothelial cell @entity1110 oxidase, which is required for @entity6580 -dependent leukocyte migration in vitro. To examine whether endothelial-derived @entity1110 oxidase modulates eosinophil recruitment in vivo, @entity19 deficient in @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity8930 @entity19 ) were irradiated and received wild-type hematopoietic cells to generate chimeric @entity8930 @entity19 . In response to ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, the chimeric @entity8930 @entity19 had increased numbers of eosinophils bound to the endothelium as well as reduced @entity1712 in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. This occurred independent of changes in @entity6580 expression, cytokine/chemokine levels ( @entity59 , @entity1618 , @entity1312 , @entity60 , or @entity639 ), or numbers of T cells, neutrophils, or mononuclear cells in the lavage fluids or lung tissue of OVA-challenged @entity19 . Importantly, the OVA-challenged chimeric @entity8930 @entity19 had reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The AHR in OVA-challenged chimeric @entity8930 @entity19 was restored by bypassing the endothelium with intratracheal administration of eosinophils. These data suggest that @entity6580 induction of @entity1110 oxidase in the endothelium is necessary for the eosinophil recruitment during @entity32 . Moreover, these studies provide a basis for targeting @entity6580 -dependent signaling pathways in @entity565 therapies.

title: Nonhematopoietic @entity1110 oxidase regulation of lung @entity1712 and airway hyperresponsiveness in experimentally induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The molecular mechanism by which hypolipidemic fibrates and antidiabetic @entity12721 exert their hypotriglyceridemic action are discussed. Increased activity of @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ), a key lipolytic enzyme, and decreased levels of @entity42665 ( @entity42665 ) seem to explain the hypotriglyceridemic effects of compounds. Both fibrates and @entity12721 exert their action by activating transcription factors of the @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ) family, thereby modulating the expression of the @entity13688 and apo C-II genes. First, treatment of @entity35 with @entity3725 activators, such as fibrates induced @entity13688 mRNA and activity selectively in the liver. In contrast, the @entity12721 , which are high affinity ligands for @entity9781 , have no effect on liver, but induce @entity13688 mRNA and activity levels in adipose tissue. In hepatocytes, fibrates, unlike the @entity12721 , induce @entity13688 mRNA levels, whereas in preadipocyte cell lines the @entity9781 ligand induces @entity13688 mRNA levels much quicker and to a higher extent than fibrates. Second, @entity42665 mRNA and protein production strongly decrease in livers of fibrate but not @entity12585 -treated animals. Fibrates also reduced @entity42665 production in primary cultures of @entity35 and @entity1 hepatocytes. The modulation of the expression of the @entity13688 and @entity42665 genes by either @entity3725 or gamma activators, correlates with the tissue-specific distribution of the respective PPARs: @entity9781 expression is restricted to adipose tissues, whereas @entity3725 is expressed predominantly in liver. In both the @entity13688 and @entity42665 genes, sequence elements responsible for the modulation of their expression by activated PPARs have been identified which supports that the transcriptional regulation of these genes by fibrates and @entity12721 contributes significantly to their hypotriglyceridemic effects in vivo. Whereas @entity12721 predominantly affect adipocyte @entity13688 production through activation of @entity9781 , fibrates exert their effects mainly in the liver via a @entity3725 -mediated reduction in @entity42665 production. This tissue specific transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism by @entity3725 activators and/or ligands might have important therapeutic implications.

title: Regulation of triglyceride metabolism by PPARs: fibrates and XXXX have distinct effects.

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR alpha', 'peroxisome proliferator activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

answer: @entity12721 :: (MESH:D045162,Chemical) :: ['thiazolidinediones']


abstract: One hundred and three @entity291 and heifers persistently infected with BVD virus were examined. The most important clinical findings in order of frequency were @entity353 , @entity5932 , @entity294 , @entity448 and @entity221 . In addition, nasal discharge, lymph node enlargement, erosions of the nose, muzzle and @entity2419 and @entity3127 occurred in less than half of the @entity1 . Furthermore, crustaceous @entity1909 was observed in three @entity1 and @entity9811 occurred in two other cases with severe @entity882 . Haemoconcentration, @entity491 , hyperfibrinogenemia and @entity2629 were the most important haematological findings. To confirm the clinical diagnosis, the serum antibody titre of 69 @entity1 was compared with that of a clinically healthy control animal from the same herd. There was no positive antibody titre in 65 of the 69 @entity1 , whereas 67 of the control animals had positive titres. In 34 @entity1 , EDTA blood samples were collected for virus detection. In 20 of these, skin biopsy samples were also obtained for virus demonstration. @entity778 has been demonstrated in the blood of 32 of the 34 cases and in all 20 skin biopsy specimens.

title: [ @entity291 virus diarrhea/mucosal disease in XXXX --clinical findings in 103 @entity291 and @entity291 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['erosions of the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity9811 :: ('MESH:D006472', 'Disease') :: ['petechial hemorrhage of the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['interdigital cleft']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a successful treatment by vitrectomy in an adult case of @entity6038 . CASE REPORT: We encountered a case of @entity6038 in a 29-year-old male @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity231 . We performed a vitrectomy and a @entity231 extraction on the @entity1 . Initial examination showed @entity6 in both eyes. Funduscopy revealed tractional @entity1713 with @entity2194 and @entity1713 in the inferior half of the fundus with vitreous @entity15904 . We performed a vitrectomy with a combination of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation only on the left eye. Visual acuity in the left eye increased from counting fingers preoperatively to 0.6(n.c) postoperatively. The right eye was left untreated because the visual prognosis was not expected to improve even if the eye received surgical intervention. The final visual acuity in the right eye was no light perception at the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Careful follow-up and early treatment are necessary for @entity1 with @entity6 accompanied by @entity6038 as it could develop into @entity1939 .

title: [A case of XXXX treated by vitrectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15904 :: ('MESH:D005130', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic retina in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Four-dimensional (4D) respiration-correlated imaging techniques can be used to obtain (respiration) artifact-free computed tomography (CT) images of the thorax. Current radiotherapy planning systems, however, do not accommodate 4D-CT data. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, new concept to incorporate @entity1 -specific motion information, using 4D-CT scans, in the radiotherapy planning process of @entity2 @entity1 to enable smaller error margins. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A single CT scan was selected from the 4D-CT data set. This scan represented the @entity5 in its time-averaged position over the respiratory cycle (the mid-ventilation CT scan). To select the appropriate CT scan, two methods were used. First, the three-dimensional @entity5 motion was analyzed semiautomatically to calculate the mean @entity5 position and the corresponding respiration phase. An alternative automated method was developed to select the correct CT scan using the diaphragm motion. RESULTS: Owing to hysteresis, mid-ventilation selection using the three-dimensional @entity5 motion had a @entity5 position accuracy (with respect to the mean @entity5 position) better than 1.1 +/- 1.1 mm for all three directions (inhalation and exhalation). The accuracy in the diaphragm motion method was better than 1.1 +/- 1.1 mm. Conventional free-breathing CT scanning had an accuracy better than 0 +/- 3.9 mm. The mid-ventilation concept can result in an average irradiated volume reduction of 20% for @entity5 with a diameter of 40 mm. CONCLUSION: @entity5 motion and the diaphragm motion method can be used to select the (artifact-free) mid-ventilation CT scan, enabling a significant reduction of the irradiated volume.

title: Mid-ventilation CT scan construction from four-dimensional respiration-correlated CT scans for radiotherapy planning of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Blood flow and vasodilatory responses are altered by age in a number of vascular beds, including the cerebral circulation. To test the role of @entity2918 as regulators of cerebral vascular function, we examined cerebral vasodilator responses to @entity515 (cerebrovascular reactivity) in young (26    5 yr; 6 males/6 females) and older (65    6 yr, 5 males/5 females) healthy @entity1 before and after cyclooxygenase inhibition (using @entity3352 ). Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) responses to stepped @entity2944 were measured before and 90 min after @entity3352 . Changes in MCAv during the recovery from @entity2944 (vasoconstrictor responses) were also evaluated before and after @entity3352 . Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated using linear regression between MCAv and end-tidal @entity515 . Young adults demonstrated greater MCAv (55    6 vs. 39    5 cm/s: P < 0.05) and MCAv reactivity (1.67    0.20 vs. 1.09    0.19 cm  s(-1)  mmHg(-1); P < 0.05) to @entity2944 compared with older adults (P < 0.05). In both groups MCAv and MCAv reactivity decreased between control and @entity3352 . Furthermore, the age-related differences in these cerebrovascular variables were abolished by @entity3352 . During the recovery from @entity2944 , there were no age-related differences in MCAv reactivity; however, @entity3352 significantly reduced the MCAv reactivity in both groups. Taken together, these results suggest that cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity are attenuated in aging @entity1 , and may be due to a loss of @entity3009 -mediated vasodilation.

title: Cyclooxygenase inhibition abolishes age-related differences in cerebral vasodilator responses to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity2944 :: (MESH:D006935,Disease) :: ['hypercapnia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 ( @entity66 ), characterised by the presence of villous atrophy (VA) in the small intestine, is associated with increased mortality, but it is unknown if mortality is influenced by mucosal recovery. AIMS: To determine whether persistent VA is associated with mortality in @entity66 . METHODS: Through biopsy reports from all pathology departments (n  =  28) in Sweden, we identified 7648 individuals with @entity66 (defined as VA) who had undergone a follow-up biopsy within 5  years following diagnosis. We used Cox regression to examine mortality according to follow-up biopsy. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity66 diagnosis was 28.4; 63% were female; and the median follow-up after diagnosis was 11.5  years. The overall mortality rate of @entity1 who underwent follow-up biopsy was lower than that of those who did not undergo follow-up biopsy (Hazard Ratio 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96). Of the 7648 @entity1 who underwent follow-up biopsy, persistent VA was present in 3317 (43%). There were 606 (8%) deaths. @entity1 with persistent VA were not at increased risk of @entity204 compared with those with @entity33 (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.86-1.19). Mortality was not increased in @entity1 with persistent VA (HR: 1.09 95% CI: 0.37-3.16) or adults (HR 1.00 95% CI: 0.85-1.18), including adults older than age 50  years (HR: 0.96 95% CI: 0.80-1.14). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent villous atrophy is not associated with increased mortality in @entity66 . While a follow-up biopsy will allow detection of refractory disease in symptomatic @entity1 , in the select population of @entity1 who undergo repeat biopsy, persistent villous atrophy is not useful in predicting future mortality.

title: Mucosal healing and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease', 'CD']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) is effective for @entity1103 in @entity1 with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ), the changes of retinal hemodynamics remain unclear. We investigated retinal hemodynamic changes in @entity2994 @entity1 after IVB by performing laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). METHODS: In 35 @entity2994 @entity1 with @entity1103 , the relative flow volume (RFV) of the retinal artery and vein passing through the optic disc was measured in both the occluded and non-occluded regions of the retina before IVB and 1  month after IVB by LSFG. The @entity63 region of retina was measured with the Scion Image program and the severity of @entity2479 was assessed by dividing the non-perfused area by the disc area. RESULTS: Macular @entity4 improved significantly by 1  month after IVB. The venous RFV ratio showed a significant increase in the non-occluded region at 1  month after IVB. There was a significant negative correlation between the venous RFV ratio and the severity of @entity2479 in the occluded region. On the other hand, arterial RFV ratio showed no significant change after IVB in either the occluded or non-occluded region. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the arterial RFV ratio and the severity of @entity2479 in either the occluded or non-occluded region. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an increase of retinal venous outflow after IVB may possibly influence the resolution of @entity1103 and that the response of venous outflow after IVB depends on the severity of @entity2479 in the occluded region.

title: Changes of retinal flow volume after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in XXXX with @entity1103 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that can interact with components of the extracellular matrix. The alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins are heterodimeric leukocyte cell surface molecules critical to their cell and matrix adhesive interactions. Evidence for a central role for the alpha4 integrins in leukocyte pathophysiology in the lung is well documented. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neutralizing antibody for @entity27063 ( @entity28840 ) may reduce @entity1732 (BL)-induced @entity82 in vivo. Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected intratracheally with saline (SA) or BL (0.08 U/ @entity19 ) followed by intraperitoneal injection of SA, isotype control antibody (1E6), or @entity28840 (100 microg) three times a week. Twenty-one days after the intratracheal instillation, @entity19 were killed for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistological analyses. Treatment with @entity28840 significantly reduced BL-induced @entity358 and @entity720 content. Lung histopathology also showed reduced @entity75 in the BL-treated lungs by treatment with @entity28840 . BL-treated @entity19 lungs also showed induction of cells with the myofibroblast phenotype, as indicated by the increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), whereas treatment with @entity28840 minimized the BL-induced alphaSMA expression. Furthermore, treatment with @entity28840 reduced the BL-induced increase in the BAL total cell number, and attenuated the BL-induced increase in the BAL protein level. It is concluded that @entity27063 may play an important role in BL-induced @entity3794 , and the use of anti-alpha4 antibody offers therapeutic antifibrotic potential in vivo.

title: Effect of antibody against @entity27063 on @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increases in lung lipid peroxidation']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ten percent of @entity1 with @entity15 have a progressive course from onset with no history of relapses or remissions. A smaller subgroup follow a similar progressive course but have a single relapse at some point ( @entity1606 [ @entity1606 ] @entity15 ). To date these @entity1 have been excluded from receiving licensed treatments for @entity15 and from most therapeutic trials. OBJECTIVE: To document the clinical and MRI characteristics of a large cohort of progressive @entity1 , including 158 with primary progressive (PP) @entity15 and 33 with TPMS. Data from a small reference group of 20 @entity1 with secondary progressive (SP) @entity15 are also presented for reference. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from six European centers. All underwent a clinical assessment including scoring on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and MRI of the brain and spinal cord. RESULTS: The @entity1 -to- @entity1 ratio was 81:77 (51% @entity1 ) in the PP group, 14:19 (42% @entity1 ) in the @entity1606 group, and 5:15 (25% @entity1 ) in the SP group. The mean age at disease onset was significantly higher in the PP group than it was in the other two groups (PP 40.2 years, @entity1606 34.9 years, SP 28.7 years). On MRI the PP group had lower mean brain T2 and T1 hypointensity lesion loads than the SP group (T2 12.02 versus 27.74 cm3, p = 0.001; T1 4.34 versus 7.04 cm3, p = 0.015). The SP and @entity1606 cohorts had significantly more @entity75 in the spinal cord than the PP @entity1 , and the SP cohort had the greatest degree of @entity194 . There was a correlation in the PP and @entity1606 @entity1 between EDSS score and brain and @entity602 (r = 0.3, 0.2, p < or = 0.006) but not with @entity75 load. The PP and @entity1606 @entity1 who presented with spinal cord pathology had significantly lower brain T2 and T1 lesion loads than those with non-spinal cord presentations (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The monitoring of disease progression in PPMS is difficult, although measures of @entity194 correlate with the EDSS and appear most promising. This study increases our understanding of this unique @entity1 group, which will be further expanded with the acquisition of serial data.

title: Primary and XXXX @entity15 : a clinical and MRI cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'T2-weighted lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional progressive', 'TP']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional progressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have provided a significant contribution for the early diagnosis of @entity65 . However, elevated cardiac troponin levels may occur in other clinical situations as @entity4710 with concerns about the mechanism of this elevation. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The goal of this study was to describe the performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs- @entity10020 ) assay in @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with a primary diagnosis of @entity4710 and to evaluate its relation with @entity65 during follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were included; mean age was 64    12 years and 59.8% were @entity1 . The most common @entity943 at admission was @entity955 (68%), followed by @entity956 (16%) and reentrant @entity591 (16%). The results of the first determination of hs- @entity10020 were positive (>14 ng/L) in 44.2% of the @entity1 and the second determination was positive in 50.7% of the cases. The variation between the first and the second troponin levels was 1 (0-5) ng/L, and was >7 ng/L in 24.6% of the cases, with a clear trend toward higher troponin values in reentrant @entity591 . Four events were reported at 30 days; in all the cases the @entity1 had presented @entity955 and there were no significant differences in hs- @entity10020 values. CONCLUSIONS: There are a significant number of @entity1 with @entity4710 who present elevated hs- @entity10020 levels. The association of this elevation with @entity65 seems to be very low.

title: High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: Using Ratcliff's diffusion model and ex-Gaussian decomposition, we directly evaluate the role individual differences in @entity137 ( @entity137 ) distribution components play in the prediction of inhibitory control and working memory (WM) capacity in @entity1 with and without @entity71 . @entity1 with (n   =   91, [Formula: see text] age   =   10.2  years, 67  % male) and without @entity71 (n   =   62, [Formula: see text] age   =   10.6  years, 46  % male) completed four tasks of WM and a stop signal @entity137 (SSRT) task. @entity1 with @entity71 had smaller WM capacities and less efficient inhibitory control. Diffusion model analyses revealed that @entity1 with @entity71 had slower drift rates (v) and faster non-decision times (Ter), but there were no group differences in boundary separations (a). Similarly, using an ex-Gaussian approach, @entity1 with @entity71 had larger    values than non- @entity71 controls, but did not differ in   or    distribution components. Drift rate mediated the association between @entity71 status and performance on both inhibitory control and WM capacity.    also mediated the @entity71 -executive function impairment associations; however, models were a poorer fit to the data. Impaired performance on @entity137 and executive functioning tasks has long been associated with childhood @entity71 . Both are believed to be important cognitive mechanisms to the disorder. We demonstrate here that drift rate, or the speed at which information accumulates towards a decision, is able to explain both.

title: Integrating impairments in XXXX and executive function using a diffusion model framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['reaction time', 'RT']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['reaction time']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is a primary cause of @entity2194 . One of the risk factors for @entity409 is exposure to @entity10211 (13-cis RA), a metabolite of @entity904 . However, the mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesize that 13-cis RA inhibits cell proliferation, promotes cell death, alters gene and protein expressions, and attenuates cell survival pathways in @entity1 meibomian gland epithelial cells. METHODS: To test our hypotheses, immortalized @entity1 meibomian gland epithelial cells were cultured with or without 13-cis RA for varying doses and time. Cell proliferation, cell death, gene expression, and proteins involved in proliferation/survival and @entity32 were evaluated. RESULTS: We found that 13-cis RA inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death, and significantly altered the expression of 6726 genes, including those involved in cell proliferation, cell death, differentiation, keratinization, and @entity32 , in @entity1 meibomian gland epithelial cells. Further, 13-cis RA also reduced the phosphorylation of @entity584 and increased the generation of @entity1356 and @entity1495 . CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 13-cis RA inhibits cell proliferation, increases cell death, alters gene expression, changes signaling pathways, and promotes inflammatory mediator and protease expression in meibomian gland epithelial cells. These effects may be responsible, at least in part, for the 13-cis RA-related induction of @entity409 .

title: The influence of 13-cis retinoic acid on XXXX meibomian gland epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'Meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metallopeptidase 9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. When cells of @entity526 and Staph. aureus are dried, the efficacy of @entity3971 is reduced but the efficacy of @entity406 is increased. 2. A change of the aw-value by addition of salts changes the efficacy of @entity406 as well as that of @entity3971 . For these tests the chlorides of various alkali and alkaline earth metals were used in different concentrations. 3. The optimal efficacy of @entity3971 and @entity406 within the tested concentration gradientis caused by different concentrations of the ions: In low concentrations the efficacy of @entity406 is optimally increased, the efficacy of @entity3971 , however, attains a minimum at this concentration range. By higher concentrations of ions the efficacy of @entity3971 is increased, that of @entity406 is reduced. 4. The position of the cations in the periodic system also plays a role in the influence on the efficacy of the @entity3971 and @entity406 respectively. The cations of the lower periods from the main groups I and II favour the damage to the cells by @entity3971 , the cations of the higher periods favour the damage by @entity406 .

title: [The influence on efficacy of formaldehyd and XXXX against bacterial cells I. Effect of drying, cations and pH-value (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity715 complications are common in vascular surgery @entity1 . Non-O blood types are associated with an increased risk of @entity887 . The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic implications of non-O vs. O blood type regarding 30-day cardiovascular events and long-term mortality after vascular surgery. METHODS: The population of this retrospective cohort study consisted of 4679 @entity1 undergoing elective major vascular surgery between the years 1990 and 2011. Baseline characteristics, @entity6910 blood type and follow-up were obtained. Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, medical history, medication and smoking were used to evaluate the impact of non-O blood type on 30-day cardiovascular events ( @entity65 , @entity583 and @entity64 ) and long-term mortality. RESULTS: Non-O blood type was present in 2627 (56%) @entity1 . Within 30 days after surgery, 129 (4.9%) non-O and 112 (5.5%) O @entity1 suffered a cardiovascular event (P = 0.42). Non-O blood type was not associated with increased mortality during long-term follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.04, with a median follow-up of 4 years). Anti-platelet and anticoagulant drugs did not interact with the relationship between @entity6910 blood type and long-term outcome. CONCLUSION: Non-O blood type is not associated with either 30-day @entity65 or long-term mortality in vascular surgery @entity1 .

title: XXXX blood type does not influence the risk of @entity65 and mortality after vascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the details of operative technique of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic @entity3832 in attempt to offer a successful result. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of 106 @entity1 who had undergone anastomotic repair for @entity3832 following traumatic pelvic fracture between 1979 and 2004. @entity1 'age ranged from 8 to 53 years (mean 27 years). Surgical repair was performed via perinea in 72 @entity1 , modified transperineal repair in 5 and perineoabdominal repair in 29. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 23 years (mean 8 years). RESULTS: Among the 77 @entity1 treated by perineal approaches, 69 (95.8%) were successfully repaired and 27 out of the 29 @entity1 (93.1%) who were repaired by perineoabdominal protocols were successful. The successful results have sustained as long as 23 years in some cases. @entity322 did not happen in any @entity1 while impotence occurred as a result of the anastomotic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Three important skills or principles will ensure a successful outcome, namely complete excision of scar tissues, a completely normal mucosa ready for @entity254 at both ends of the urethra, and a tension-free @entity254 . When the urethral stricture is below 2.5 cm long, restoration of urethral continuity can be accomplished by a perineal procedure. If the stricture is over 2.5 cm long, a modified perineal or transpubic perineoabdominal procedure should be used. In the presence of a competent bladder neck, anastomotic surgery does not result in @entity322 . @entity323 is usually related to the original @entity130 and rarely (5.7%) to urethroplasty.

title: Operative techniques of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Impotence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral strictures']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral strictures']


abstract: @entity3509 continues to be an uncommon, frustrating, and potentially lethal complication of pneumonectomy. Between 1990 and 1994 we treated 16 cases of recalcitrant postpneumonectomy (partial or total) @entity3509 with combinations of pulse lavage, sharp debridement, @entity121 , myodermal flaps, and thoracoplasty. We performed 11 pectoralis @entity121 , 6 serratus anterior @entity121 , 9 latissimus dorsi @entity121 , 6 rectus abdominis @entity121 , and 1 trapezius muscle flap for an average of 2.1 @entity121 per @entity1 . There was 1 omental flap. Of these flaps, 2 were free and the rest pedicled. Ten of the @entity121 carried deepithelialized cutaneous paddles, and 6 were larger than 150 cm3. Thoracoplasty was done in 11 @entity1 to decrease the volume of the postpneumonectomy @entity3509 . Of 16 @entity1 , 4 failed initially because of persistent @entity292 or @entity281 but resolved after one additional procedure. There was 1 perioperative @entity204 , 3 reoperations for @entity548 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1150 , 1 @entity2080 , and 1 @entity1 with significant @entity282 . In order to determine the efficacy of different operative approaches, @entity1 were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the number of operations using flaps needed to resolve their postpneumonectomy @entity3509 . Group A required only one operation using flaps to eliminate the postpneumonectomy @entity3509 . Group B required two operations using flaps to remedy the postpneumonectomy @entity3509 . Group B operations were further classified into B1, for the first operation, and B2, for the second operation. No @entity1 needed more than two operations using flaps. Three significant variables were identified, the number of @entity121 , the number of ribs in any thoracoplasty, and the preoperative serum albumin level. The A and B2 groups had significantly more @entity121 transposed (p = 0.006) and ribs resected (p = 0.0002) than the B1 group. These findings suggest that filling the postpneumonectomy @entity3509 space with muscle and collapsing any remaining space by thoracoplasty were the most successful strategy. The B2 group's average albumin level was significantly higher (p = 0.03) than that in either the A or the B1 group, suggesting that improved nutrition may have played a role in the lack of recurrence. Our goals of single-stage closure and decontamination of @entity3509 were best achieved by following these principles: removal of infected and necrotic tissue using sharp debridement and pulsed lavage, repair of @entity292 with @entity121 , and minimization of the dead space with combinations of @entity121 and thoracoplasty.

title: Flap closure of postpneumonectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema cavities', 'empyema', 'Empyema', 'empyema cavity']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity deep vein thromboses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistulas', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 wk of essential @entity535 (EAA) supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in untrained @entity1 (n = 21). Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo (cellulose) or an EAA (average daily dose of 18.3 g of EAAs in pill form) group. Each subject participated in aerobic and heavy-resistance training three times per week. Body composition was assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry analysis. Muscular endurance was determined via treadmill @entity9548 , and strength was assessed by the total amount of weight lifted for one set to exhaustion at an estimated 12 repetitions maximum. No changes occurred in either group for body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, or bone mineral content. Treadmill @entity9548 ( @entity9548 ) improved significantly (P < 0.05) in the EAA group (mean +/- SD; pre- @entity9548 = 13.15 +/- 3.67 min, post- @entity9548 = 14. 73 +/- 4.26 min), whereas the placebo group did not change significantly. The total weight lifted at the subject's maximum 12 repetitions did not significantly change in either group. In previously untrained individuals, the ingestion of EAAs combined with aerobic and heavy-resistance training for 6 wk did not have a significant effect on body composition or muscular strength; however, aerobic muscular endurance increased significantly.

title: Effects of exercise training and @entity535 supplementation on body composition and physical performance in untrained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity9548 :: ('MESH:D006359', 'Disease') :: ['time to exhaustion', 'TTE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of phytochemicals is a promising solution in biological control against @entity25282 ( @entity25282 ). @entity24150 belong to a diverse group of compounds used as protection against herbivores by plants in the family Brassicaceae, while in vertebrates, ingested @entity24150 exert health-promoting effects due to their antioxidant and detoxifying properties as well as effects on cell proliferation and growth. The aim of this study was to investigate if @entity12178 fed two different doses of @entity17645 -enriched feeds would be protected against @entity281 . The effects of feeding high dose of @entity24150 before the infection, and of high and low doses five weeks into the infection were studied. METHODS: Skin was screened by 15  k oligonucleotide microarray and qPCR. RESULTS: A 25  % reduction (P   <   0.05) in lice counts was obtained in the low dose group and a 17  % reduction in the high dose group compared to fish fed control feed. Microarray analysis revealed induction of over 50 interferon (IFN)-related genes prior to @entity281 . Genes upregulated five weeks into the infection in @entity17645 -enriched dietary groups included Type 1 pro-inflammatory factors, antimicrobial and acute phase proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling proteases and @entity68 homeostasis regulators. In contrast, genes involved in muscle contraction, lipid and @entity413 metabolism were found more highly expressed in the skin of infected control fish. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12178 fed @entity24150 had a significantly lower number of sea lice at the end of the experimental challenge. Feeding @entity24150 coincided with increased expression of IFN-related genes, and higher expression profiles of Type 1 immune genes late into the infection. In addition, regulation of genes involved in the metabolism of @entity68 , lipid and sugar suggested an interplay between metabolism of nutrients and mechanisms of resistance.

title: Dietary phytochemicals modulate skin gene expression profiles and result in reduced lice counts after experimental infection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17645 :: ('CHEBI:24279', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosinolate']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity25282 :: ('72036', 'Species') :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis', 'salmon louse']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lice infection']

entities_list: @entity24150 :: ('MESH:D005961', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosinolates', 'Glucosinolates']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Atlantic salmon']


abstract: We report here a modified @entity6475 of @entity2491 that can target and cure @entity0 in orthotopic @entity19 models. We have previously reported development of a genetically modified strain of @entity2491 , selected for @entity263 targeting and therapy in vivo. The strain, termed @entity2491 A1, selectively grew in @entity263 in xenograft models causing @entity5 regression. In contrast, normal tissue was cleared of these bacteria even in @entity465 athymic @entity19 with no apparent side effects. A1 is auxotrophic ( @entity368 - @entity369 dependent) but apparently receives sufficient nutritional support only from @entity5 tissue. The ability to grow in viable @entity5 tissue may account, in part, for the unique antitumor efficacy of the strain. In the present report, to increase @entity5 -targeting capability of A1, the strain was reisolated after infection of a @entity1 @entity694 growing in @entity19 . The @entity5 -isolated strain, termed @entity28340 , had increased targeting for @entity5 cells in vivo as well as in vitro compared with A1. Treatment with @entity28340 resulted in highly effective @entity5 targeting, including viable @entity5 tissue and significant @entity5 shrinkage in @entity19 with s.c. or orthotopic @entity1 @entity0 xerographs. Survival of the treated animals was significantly prolonged. Forty percent of treated @entity19 were cured completely and survived as long as non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . These results suggest that @entity535 auxotrophic virulent bacteria, which selectively infect and attack viable @entity5 tissue, are a promising approach to @entity5 therapy.

title: Targeted therapy with a XXXX @entity368 - @entity369 auxotroph cures orthotopic @entity1 @entity0 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['auxotrophic strain']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine @entity1778 viral oncogene homologue 1 (BCR-ABL1), encoded by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, is the characteristic of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and a subset of @entity981 ( @entity981 ). We demonstrated that expression of the Ik6 transcript, which lacked exons 3-6, was observed exclusively in BCR-ABL1(+) B @entity981 and @entity1860 (BC- @entity1860 ) @entity1 harbouring the @entity6763   3-6 deletion. To confirm the hypothesis that illegitimate recombination activating gene protein (RAG)-mediated recombination events are involved in @entity6763   3-6 deletion in BCR-ABL1 @entity981 , we first demonstrated that the expression rates of @entity12656 and @entity37671 , collectively called RAG, were higher in @entity981 and BC- @entity1860 (lymphoid). Notably, analysis of relationships among RAG, BCR-ABL1 and Ikaros 6 (Ik6) showed that Ik6 can be generated only if RAG and BCR-ABL1 are co-existing. The sequencing data showed that the deleted segments of introns 2 and 6 contained cryptic recombination signal sequences (cRSSs) and frequently had non-template @entity2036 inserted between breakpoints. Furthermore, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technology and demonstrated that the sequences directly flanking @entity6763   3-6 deletion breakpoints have significantly higher levels of histone H3 @entity376 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modifications. Overall, RAG expression, good-quality cRSS and a specific chromatin modification, H3K4me3, satisfy the conditions of RAG's off-target effects on @entity6763 . Our work provides evidence for RAG-mediated @entity6763   3-6 deletion. Our results raise the prospect that RAG is a valuable biomarker in disease surveillance. Dissecting the contribution of RAG should not only provide valuable mechanistic insights, but will also lead to a new therapeutic direction.

title: Illegitimate RAG-mediated recombination events are involved in @entity6763   3-6 deletion in BCR-ABL1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukaemia', 'lymphoid blast crisis CML']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case management (CM) models based on experienced nurses are increasingly used to improve coordination and continuity of care for @entity1 with complex health care needs. Anyway, little is known about the effects of hospital-based CM in @entity5 care. Aim. To analyse the effects of hospital-based CM on (i) GPs' evaluation of information from the hospital and collaboration with the hospital staff and (ii) @entity1 ' contacts with GPs during daytime and out of hours. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial allocated 280 @entity14 @entity1 1:1 to either a control group or CM intervention. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited at a Danish surgical department. METHODS: An ad hoc piloted questionnaire was sent to all @entity1 ' GPs 30 weeks after @entity1 ' recruitment and the responses from the two groups of GPs were compared. Registry data on @entity1 ' contacts with general practice during daytime and out of hours were collected 9 months after recruitment and the data from the two groups were compared quarterly. RESULTS: CM was associated with an overall tendency towards more positive GP evaluations, which for 3 of 20 items reached statistical significance. Statistically significantly fewer GPs of CM @entity1 reported contacting the hospital. CM did not affect the number of @entity1 contacts with the GPs during the daytime, but CM @entity1 showed a tendency towards more contacts to the out-of-hours GP services than non-CM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CM was appreciated by the GPs and reduced their need for subsequent hospital contact. CM increased the number of @entity1 contacts to the out-of-hours GP services.

title: A randomized controlled trial of hospital-based case management in XXXX care: a general practitioner perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been used for rapid gene discovery in a variety of organisms and provide a valuable resource for whole genome annotation. Although the genome of one marsupial, the opossum @entity14085 , has now been sequenced, no EST datasets have been reported from any marsupial species. In this study we describe an EST dataset from the bandicoot, @entity38989 , providing information on the transcriptional profile of the bandicoot thymus and the opportunity for a genome wide comparison between the bandicoot and opossum, two distantly related marsupial species. RESULTS: A set of 1319 ESTs was generated from sequencing randomly chosen clones from a bandicoot thymus cDNA library. The nucleic acid and deduced @entity535 sequences were compared with sequences both in GenBank and the recently completed whole genome sequence of @entity14085 . This study provides information on the transcriptional profile of the bandicoot thymus with the identification of genes involved in a broad range of activities including protein metabolism (24%), transcription and/or nucleic acid metabolism (10%), metabolism/energy pathways (9%), immunity (5%), signal transduction (5%), cell growth and maintenance (3%), transport (3%), cell cycle (0.7%) and apoptosis (0.5%) and a proportion of genes whose function is unknown (5.8%). Thirty four percent of the bandicoot ESTs found no match with annotated sequences in any of the public databases. Clustering and assembly of the 1319 bandicoot ESTs resulted in a set of 949 unique sequences of which 375 were unannotated ESTs. Of these, seventy one unannotated ESTs aligned to non-coding regions in the opossum, @entity1 , or both genomes, and were identified as strong non-coding RNA candidates. Eighty-four percent of the 949 assembled ESTs aligned with the @entity14085 genome sequence indicating a high level of conservation between these two distantly related marsupials. CONCLUSION: This study is among the first reported marsupial EST datasets with a significant inter-species genome comparison between marsupials, providing a valuable resource for transcriptional analyses in marsupials and for future annotation of marsupial whole genome sequences.

title: Analysis of a set of Australian XXXX expressed sequence tags with comparison to the genome sequence of the South American grey short tailed opossum.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity38989 :: ('37698', 'Species') :: ['Isoodon macrourus']

entities_list: @entity14085 :: ('13616', 'Species') :: ['Monodelphis domestica', 'M. domestica']

answer: @entity38989 :: (37698,Species) :: ['northern brown bandicoot']


abstract: A double blind crossover trial was performed on the effect of @entity4688 on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in normotensive insulin dependent @entity6 . Nineteen normoalbuminuric (UAE < 30 mg/24 h) and 17 microalbuminuric @entity1 (UAE > 30 and < 300 mg/4 h) were studied; all @entity1 had post prandial blood @entity413 levels < 180 mg/dl, @entity4051 < 11% and none had chronic @entity2412 . Both groups had similar age, years of @entity6 , body mass index and protein ingestion (70 g/day). Fifty percent of @entity1 in each group received 5 mg/day of @entity4688 or placebo during one year, and during the second year the therapy was switched. No changes were observed in blood pressure, post prandial blood @entity413 , @entity4051 and plasma electrolytes during the study period. A reduction in @entity1011 clearance, within normal limits, in both groups of @entity1 treated with @entity4688 and no modifications with placebo were observed. UAE decreased significantly in normo and microalbuminuric @entity1 initially treated with @entity4688 from 19 +/- 8 to 8 +/- 2 and from 71 +/- 19 to 39 +/- 12 mg/24 h respectively. These values increased during the placebo period to 23 +/- 6 and 47 +/- 13 mg/24 h respectively. Among those initially treated with placebo, UAE increased only in normoalbuminurics from 19 +/- 7 to 28 +/- 9 mg/24 h. During subsequent treatment with @entity4688 , UAE decreased in both groups. It is concluded that, in this group of @entity1 , @entity4688 decreases UAE, possibly preventing the progression to severe forms of @entity2316 .

title: [Reversibility of early stage XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor ( @entity11968 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been implicated in @entity3 and angiogenesis. The SF/ @entity11968 receptor, MET, has been found to be expressed in neoplastic astrocytes as well as in endothelial cells of the @entity5 vasculature. Both @entity11968 and MET expression have also been described to correlate with the malignancy grade of @entity1 @entity11 . However, most @entity463 cell lines lack @entity11968 expression, raising the question of the cellular origin of @entity11968 in vivo. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed @entity463 , @entity816 , @entity816 , @entity816 , and normal brain for the expression of @entity11968 mRNA. We detected strong @entity11968 expression by the majority of the @entity5 cells and by vascular endothelial cells in all @entity463 specimens analyzed. Combined use of in situ hybridization with fluorescence immunohistochemistry confirmed the astrocytic origin of the @entity11968 -expressiong cells. In contrast, @entity469 -immunoreactive microglia/macrophages, as well as vascular smooth muscle cells reactive to alpha-smooth muscle actin, lacked @entity11968 expression. In anaplastic, diffuse, and @entity816 , @entity11968 expression was confined to a subset of @entity5 cells, and signals were less intense than in @entity463 . In addition, we detected @entity11968 mRNA in cortical neurons. @entity11968 expression was not up regulated around necroses or at @entity5 margins. MET immunoreactivity was observed in GFAP-expressing @entity5 cells and endothelial cells as well as in a subset of microglia/macrophages. We conclude that in vivo, both autocrine and paracrine stimulation of @entity5 cells and endothelium through the SF/ @entity11968 -MET system are likely to contribute to @entity5 invasion and angiogenesis. Lack of @entity11968 expression by most cultured @entity463 cells is not representative of the in vivo situation and most likely represents a culture artifact.

title: Expression and localization of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'astrocytic tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'pilocytic astrocytomas', 'diffuse astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['glioma invasion']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The universal availability of CT scanners has led to lower thresholds for imaging despite significant financial costs and radiation exposure. We hypothesised that this recent trend has increased the use of CT for upper limb periarticular @entity174 and led to more frequent operative management. METHOD: A 5-year retrospective study (01/07/2005-30/06/2010) was performed on all adult @entity1 with @entity174 (OTA: 11, 13, 21 and 23) admitted to a level-1 @entity130 centre. @entity1 were identified from the institution's prospectively maintained OTA classification database. RESULTS: A total of 1734 @entity174 were identified in 1651 @entity1 . 65% (1132/1734) were operated on. 32% (557/1734) had CT imaging and 78% (431/557) of these had operative management. CT use for all @entity174 and ages showed no change (0.56%/year, p = 0.210, r(2) = 0.457). Operative intervention increased at a rate of 2.17%/year (p = 0.004, r(2) = 0.959). Within each fracture type, CT rates showed no change. Operative management of proximal humerus and distal radius @entity174 became more frequent (6.30%/year, p = 0.002, r(2) = 0.969 and 0.96%/year, p = 0.046, r(2) = 0.784 respectively). @entity174 around the elbow showed no change. In @entity1 younger than 55 years, only proximal humerus @entity174 had more frequent imaging (3.17%/year, p = 0.023, r(2) = 0.866). In @entity1 over 55 the frequency of CT scanning did not increase, but they were more frequently operated on (4.09%/year, p = 0.012, r(2) = 0.907). In older @entity1 the rate of surgical intervention increased in all but the distal humerus region, Proximal humerus (6.19%/year, p = 0.015, r(2) = 0.894), proximal forearm (4.57%/year, p = 0.007, r(2) = 0.931) and distal radius (2.70%/year, p = 0.002, r(2) = 0.871). CONCLUSION: During the examined 5-year period no increases of in CT imaging frequency were observed. The significantly increased number of operations among older @entity1 is unlikely to be driven by imaging frequency.

title: Patterns of CT use and surgical intervention in upper limb periarticular @entity174 at a level-1 XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'upper extremity periarticular fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Optimal translation initiation in intact @entity1 cells requires sequestered intracellular @entity141 . @entity1426 , which releases sequestered @entity141 from cells and isolated organelles, was studied to assess its potential role in the regulation of protein synthesis via @entity141 mobilization. Unsaturated @entity1718 at microM concentrations inhibited protein synthesis in intact @entity9091 pituitary, @entity5 and HeLa cells in a manner dependent on degree of unsaturation and cell number. @entity3899 was generally the most, and the fully saturated @entity41457 the least, potent of the @entity1718 tested. At 2 x 10(6) GH3 cells/ml, amino incorporation into a broad spectrum of @entity23269 was inhibited by 80-90% by 10-20 microM @entity844 . Inhibition was maximal at 4-8 min and was attenuated by 1-2 h and more pronounced at lower pH. Protein synthesis was maximally inhibited when @entity3899 mobilized approx. 40% of cell-associated @entity141 . At lower concentrations (10 microM) @entity3899 suppressed translational initiation, with the inhibition being reversed as extracellular @entity141 concentrations were increased to supraphysiological values. At higher concentrations (20 microM) @entity3899 inhibited peptide-chain elongation in a @entity141 -independent manner. @entity3899 also blocked elongation in reticulocyte lysates. The effects of @entity3899 in intact cells were reversible with time via its metabolism or by washes containing BSA. Sufficient @entity3899 appears to be synthesized during ischaemic stress to inhibit translation by either mechanism.

title: Inhibition of protein synthesis in intact XXXX cells by @entity1426 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity41457 :: ('MESH:C094477', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['C6 glial tumour']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonate', 'arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity23269 :: ('MESH:D010455', 'Chemical') :: ['polypeptides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']