abstract: AIM: Langerhans cells (LC) are antigen-presenting cells present in tissues with high antigenic exposure. Their role in the upper female reproductive tract is not fully understood. This study aims to determine the distribution and morphology of LC in the normal and post-partum @entity1 uterine tubes and uterus by staining with the specific LC markers, @entity4896 and @entity13862 (ZIO), and to determine their association with helper and cytotoxic T cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Normal and post-partum uterine tube and uterine specimens were stained with @entity4896 and ZIO and their morphology and distribution noted. Double immune staining with @entity4896 - @entity404 and @entity4896 - @entity405 in post-partum uterine tube were also done. RESULTS: It was noted that @entity4896 -positive cells were significantly fewer and smaller in diameter than ZIO-positive cells in the uterine tube and both types of cells were significantly more prevalent in post-partum tubes. Perivascular clusters of ZIO-positive cells were seen in the post-partum tubes. Close association of @entity4896 -positive cells with @entity404 - and @entity405 -positive T cells was noted in the post-partum uterine tube. In the uterus, scanty @entity4896 -positive cells were present in the surface and glandular epithelium and @entity1478 . ZIO-positive cells were absent. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity4896 -positive and ZIO-positive cells may be different subsets of LC that are needed for presentation of antigen to immunocompetent cells. Their respective functions are yet to be determined.

title: Different subsets of Langerhans cells in XXXX uterine tubes and uterus.

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stroma']

entities_list: @entity13862 :: ('MESH:C035252', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide-osmium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Polytrauma care in Germany is well organized and follows clear-cut demands: (1) to reduce the therapy-free interval, (2) to ensure qualified and sufficient preclinical treatment, (3) to minimize transportation time, and (4) to immediately transport the @entity1 to an adequate level @entity130 center. These concepts include wide use of rescue helicopters that are based in 51 stations and cover the entire country. In addition, there is a countrywide system of emergency physician ambulances. All rescue forces are coordinated by special rescue coordination centers to ensure maximum efficacy. Specially trained emergency physicians are taken to the scenes of accidents in the helicopters or emergency physician ambulances and provide aggressive and advanced shock and @entity130 treatment at the scene. The @entity1 then are carried to high level @entity130 centers by air transport. In the @entity130 centers, standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols are applied by @entity130 surgery teams who care for the entire @entity130 , including orthopaedic @entity130 . In addition to stopping mass bleeding, basic concepts include aggressive infusion shock therapy, early machine oxygenation, and instant stabilization of all open, all major pelvic, and all @entity174 . These management concepts have decreased the lethality numbers in @entity1230 from 40% in 1972 to 18% in 1991. Most @entity1230 survivors can be rehabilitated socially to an excellent to acceptable degree.

title: The management of polytraumatized XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that maximal stresses in saphenous vein atherosclerotic stenoses are greater than those in native @entity3979 . BACKGROUND: The patency of coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts decreases with time, usually because of @entity715 . @entity397 has been described as one mechanism of vein graft @entity715 . METHODS: Twenty-six nonruptured @entity1 lesions were studied. Fourteen lesions were from native coronary arteries, and 12 were from saphenous vein bypass grafts placed a mean +/- SD of 9.8 +/- 3.3 years before pathologic study. The finite element method was used to determine the distribution of stress in the lesion, using estimates of material properties from previous measurements of @entity1 tissues. RESULTS: Maximal circumferential stresses were significantly higher in the saphenous vein lesions (median 352 kPa [interquartile range 161 to 475]) than in the coronary artery lesions (median 104 kPa [interquartile range 75 to 185]) (p = 0.05). Thin-walled cylinder formulations predict that stresses are proportional to the radius of the vessel and inversely proportional to the minimal wall thickness. In this study, there was a good correlation between the maximal stress in the 26 lesions and the ratio of the square root of lumen area to minimal fibrous cap thickness (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Maximal circumferential tensile stresses in saphenous vein bypass graft stenoses are higher than in native coronary artery atherosclerotic stenoses. These data suggest that strategies that decrease stresses in bypass graft @entity731 , such as prevention of lipid accumulation, could reduce the probability of @entity397 in bypass grafts.

title: High stress regions in saphenous vein bypass graft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Plaque rupture', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe clinical and EEG phenotypes of a family with an unusual @entity302 characterized by @entity2045 and @entity3519 . METHODS: Family members underwent electroclinical phenotyping including review of EEGs and MRI. DNA from family members was genotyped using Illumina OmniExpress genotyping arrays. Parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses were performed using MERLIN. RESULTS: The disorder followed autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance and affected seven individuals over two generations. @entity410 began at a mean of 14.5 years. Six individuals had spontaneous @entity410 , of which five also had photic-induced @entity2045 and four had photic-induced @entity410 . Six individuals had @entity410 seizures; generalized in two and focal in four. Photosensitivity was prominent with generalized spike wave and polyspike wave in four individuals of which two also had occipital spikes. MRI scans were normal in the four individuals tested. Extensive metabolic investigation was normal. @entity3149 ( @entity3149 ) occurred in two; and @entity3149 overlapping with idiopathic @entity5516 (IPOE) in four individuals. All three affected males had a more severe disorder than the four affected females. Two males had a progressive @entity16 with progressive @entity3148 and deterioration in their early 30s. They developed episodes of @entity6389 with @entity73 during periods of poor @entity410 control. One plateaued after years of poor @entity410 control but remained intractable with periods of deterioration. The other deteriorated with episodes of @entity159 and @entity159 , @entity2055 and a progressive @entity4610 before succumbing at 38 years. Parametric linkage analysis identified three peaks achieving a maximum LOD score of 1.21. Nonparametric analysis identified eight peaks achieving LOD scores above 0.80. These were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This is a novel autosomal dominant @entity302 . " @entity3148 with @entity3519 " (MOPED) involves a spectrum of phenotypes from @entity3149 , sometimes with an IPOE overlap, to progressive @entity3148 with @entity3519 .

title: @entity3148 with @entity3519 (MOPED): A XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'myoclonic seizures', 'occipital seizures', 'convulsive']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['photosensitive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['familial epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'JME']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus epilepsy', 'Myoclonic occipital photosensitive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal dystonia', 'dystonia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status dystonicus', 'status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['familial epilepsy syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is popular in clinical practice for chronic @entity8043 ; however, the combination with vastus medialis advancement is rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 69 @entity1 with chronic @entity8043 between July 2004 and October 2008: twenty eight cases with isolated MPFL reconstruction (group I), forty one cases with the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement (group C). All @entity1 had CT scans available for review with knee flexion at 30 degree, on which the congruence angle, patellar tilt angle and patellar lateral shift were measured. Physical apprehension tests were examined and the redislocation was recorded. In addition, knee function was evaluated using the Kujala score and subjective questionnaires. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 42 months (12 - 65 months) without a recurrent dislocation reported. Postoperatively, all indexes on CT scan were within the normal range without a statistical difference between the two groups. Results from the apprehension test showed eight @entity1 in group I and three in group C had patellar lateral shift exceeding 1.5 cm with a hard end point (P < 0.05). The Kujala score improved significantly from 51.3    4.5 to 79.9    6.2 in group I and from 53.7    5.2 to 83.9    6.5 in group C (P > 0.05). However, the subjective questionnaire revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05), including 12 excellent, seven good and nine fair in group I and 30 excellent, six good and five fair in group C. CONCLUSION: The combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement is better than isolated reconstruction to improve the subjective effects and decrease the patellar instability rate for chronic @entity8043 .

title: Combination of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: This study examined the effects of high dietary lard on the cardiovascular system responsible for regulating blood pressure in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), a model of essential @entity1 @entity101 . The fat contents were 4.5% of diet weight for control diet and 20% for high-lard diet, respectively. Four-week-old male SHR animals were fed the diets for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks of feeding, the cardiovascular responses to the intravenous administration of vasoactive drugs were determined in conscious SHR animals. The pressor responses elicited by the a   -adrenoceptor agonist @entity2647 were diminished in high-lard-fed SHR animals. The @entity9598 responses elicited by the   -adrenoceptor agonist @entity3044 were equivalent in the high-lard-fed SHR and control SHR groups. The @entity9598 responses elicited by the @entity842 donor @entity1854 were equivalent in both dietary groups. The @entity9598 responses elicited by the endothelium-dependent agonist @entity934 were diminished in high-lard-fed SHR animals. Baroreceptor reflex-mediated changes in heart rates in response to changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) elicited by @entity2647 and @entity1854 were diminished in the high-lard-fed SHR group. Despite the diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilation and @entity73 , resting MAP values were similar in both dietary groups. These findings suggest that high dietary lard does not exacerbate @entity101 in the SHR model.

title: The effects of high dietary lard on @entity101 development in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired baroreflex function']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Aqueous dispersions of functionalized @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) are now widely used for biomedical applications. Their stability in different in vitro or in vivo environments, however, depends on a wide range of parameters, such as pH and salt concentrations of the surrounding medium, and length, aspect ratio, surface charge, and functionalization of the applied CNTs. Although many of these aspects have been investigated separately, no study is available in the literature to date, which examines these parameters simultaneously. Therefore, we have chosen five types of @entity505 nanotubes, varying in their dimensions and surface properties, for a multidimensional analysis of dispersion stability in salt solutions of differing pH and concentrations. Furthermore, we examine the dispersion stability of oxidized CNTs in biological fluids, such as cellular growth media and @entity1 plasma, and their @entity137 toward @entity5 cells. To enhance dispersibility and biocompatibility, the influence of different functionalization schemes is studied. The results of our investigations indicate that both CNT dimensions and surface functionalization have a significant influence on their dispersion and in vitro behavior. In particular, factors such as a short aspect ratio, presence of oxidation debris and serum proteins, low salt concentration, and an appropriate pH are shown to improve the dispersion stability. Furthermore, covalent surface functionalization with @entity6115 -terminated @entity968 ( @entity970 ) is demonstrated to stabilize CNT dispersions in various media and to reduce deleterious effects on cultured cells. These findings provide crucial data for the development of biofunctionalization protocols, for example, for future @entity5 theranostics, and optimizing the stability of functionalized CNTs in varied biological environments.

title: Higher dispersion efficacy of functionalized XXXX nanotubes in chemical and biological environments.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe ocular manifestations in @entity281 and their relationship to systemic severity and the associated @entity1910 . METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with primary varicella were examined prospectively. The cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe according to the severity of clinical presentation. Excluding the presence of @entity1910 , @entity1 with ocular findings were assigned to group 1 (G1), and those without ocular findings were assigned to group 2 (G2). @entity1 in G1 were also evaluated according to the nature of ocular manifestations and the course of @entity1596 . RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of @entity1 had @entity2194 (G1) and 79% had no @entity2194 (G2). While chickenpox had a mild course in 85.7% of @entity1 in G1 and 88.6% of @entity1 in G2, all others had a moderate course. None of the @entity1 had a severe course. @entity1910 was present in 28.6% of @entity1 in G1 and 13.9% in G2. Among ocular findings, 38.1% of @entity1 had @entity2024 , 57.1% had anterior @entity1596 , and 4.8% had disciform keratouveitis. There was no significant association between severity of chickenpox and severity of @entity2194 (p=0.712). There was also no relationship between @entity1910 and @entity2194 (p=0.787). CONCLUSIONS: There is neither an association between the severity of chickenpox and the severity of @entity2194 nor an association between the presence of a @entity1910 and the development of @entity1596 . As the prognosis regarding sequelae of @entity2194 in @entity281 is good, only those @entity1 with ocular signs and symptoms need be referred by pediatricians for an ophthalmologic examination.

title: The effect of clinical severity and XXXX on @entity2194 in @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular involvement']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['varicella eyelid rash', 'A varicella eyelid rash', 'eyelid rash']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary varicella infection', 'varicella infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['eyelid rash']


abstract: To study the effect of @entity407 on vascular permeability, serial anterior chamber fluorophotometric examinations were carried out on 33 control @entity95 (group 1) and 32 diet-induced @entity753 (group 2) @entity95 . Changes in the blood-aqueous barrier function associated with total serum @entity165 ( @entity435 ) and @entity412 (TG) levels were studied at the beginning of the study and every 2 weeks thereafter for up to 16 weeks following 0.5% @entity165 -enriched diet feeding. Concurrently, a slit-lamp biomicroscope was used to examine the iris for evidence of @entity1856 . In group 1, the @entity435 level decreased slightly during the first 6 weeks and remained rather steady thereafter. The status of the blood-aqueous barrier correlated significantly with serum @entity435 and TG levels (r = .46, P < .001; r = .23, P = .01, respectively). In group 2, @entity435 and TG levels increased significantly after 2 and 8 weeks of @entity165 -enriched diet feeding, respectively. The blood-aqueous barrier also became more permeable than that in group 1 after 2 weeks' and increased above its baseline level after 6 weeks' feeding. Both @entity435 and TG levels correlated well with the degree of blood-aqueous barrier breakdown (r = .51, P < .001; r = .25, P < .001, respectively). The first evidence of iridic lipid-streak deposition was noted at 7.6 +/- 0.7 weeks, while definite iridic @entity1856 appeared 11.2 +/- 0.7 weeks after feeding. The change in the blood-aqueous barrier also correlated well with the semiquantitative score of iridic plaque (r = .58, P < .001) and usually preceded visual evidence of plaque formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early change of vascular permeability in @entity753 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of @entity6280 (CFS) were made and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetic study Three hundred fifty grams of CFS (20 mg/kg) was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 7 years old @entity1 (17.5 kg in weight). Serum concentrations of CFS at the end of the infusion and 1,1.5,2.5,6.5 hours thereafter were 46.0,44.9,23.0,11.9 mcg/ml and 0.6 mcg/ml respectively. Urinary recovery rate until 6 hours from the start of infusion was 66.2%. 2. Clinical study CFS was administered to the case of @entity3617 with @entity1577 (treatment was made 2 times), and each 1 case of @entity2885 with @entity1290 with @entity739 . All @entity281 were caused by @entity796 and administration and dosage of CFS was 47 to 86 mg/kg/day, 2 to 4 times daily by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 11 days. Result was good in 3 @entity281 (2 cases) and fair in 1 case, i.e. @entity55 . Effectiveness rate was 75.0%. Side effect as well as abnormal change of laboratory findings were not observed. Thus, CFS is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of @entity281 caused by @entity796 .

title: [Clinical studies of XXXX in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity6280 :: ('MESH:D002441', 'Chemical') :: ['cefsulodin']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['measles pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasm']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculus and measles pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'pediatric infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectasia']

answer: @entity6280 :: (MESH:D002441,Chemical) :: ['cefsulodin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonization with @entity794 in @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is often associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. @entity794 produces superantigens that contribute to cutaneous @entity32 and corticosteroid (CS) resistance. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between CS insensitivity, @entity794 colonization and superantigen production in @entity483 , and to explore the efficacy of @entity14429 cream in CS-insensitive @entity483 . METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicentre, parallel-group study. Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity483 , aged 2-49 years, who had a documented clinical insensitivity to topical CS, were recruited. The primary efficacy parameters combined laboratory (including @entity794 colonization, superantigens) and clinical assessments [including Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), whole body Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), @entity111 assessment score, @entity1 's assessment score of disease control]. RESULTS: An increase in @entity794 counts correlated with worsening of clinical score (week 6 vs. baseline) when assessed by IGA, @entity111 severity and @entity1 assessment. The presence of superantigens correlated with this worsening. During the 6-week double-blind phase, disease improvement in the @entity14429 cream group was demonstrated by decreasing EASI scores compared with vehicle. Mean EASI scores for the head and neck showed greater improvement in the @entity14429 cream group than in the vehicle group at all observed time points. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of @entity1 with clinical insensitivity to CS there was a significant positive correlation between @entity794 and disease severity. Results suggest that for some of these @entity1 , treatment with @entity14429 @entity12285 % is useful, especially in the head/neck area.

title: Effects of @entity14429 XXXX % in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity483 who demonstrate a clinical insensitivity to topical corticosteroids: a randomized, multicentre vehicle-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity14429 :: ('MESH:C117268', 'Chemical') :: ['pimecrolimus']

answer: @entity12285 :: (9569,Gene) :: ['cream 1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate feasibility, diagnostic performance, @entity1 acceptance, and overall examination time of CT colonography (CTC) performed through rectal administration of iodinated contrast material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-hundred asymptomatic subjects (male:female=270:330; mean 63 years) undergoing CTC for @entity14 screening on an individual basis were consecutively enrolled in the study. Out of them, 503 @entity1 (group 1) underwent CTC with rectal tagging, of which 55 had a total of 77 @entity1049 . The remaining 97 @entity1 (group 2) were randomly selected to receive CTC with oral tagging of which 15 had a total of 20 @entity1049 . CTC findings were compared with optical colonoscopy, and per-segment image quality was visually assessed using a semi-quantitative score (1=poor, 2=adequate, 3=excellent). In 70/600 @entity1 (11.7%), CTC was performed twice with both types of tagging over a 5-year follow-up @entity5 screening program. In this subgroup, @entity1 acceptance was rated via phone interview two weeks after CTC using a semi-quantitative scale (1=poor, 2=fair, 3=average, 4=good, 5=excellent). RESULTS: Mean per-polyp sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CTC with rectal vs oral tagging were 96.1% (CI95% 85.4  99.3%) vs 89.4% (CI95% 65.4  98.1%), 95.3% (CI95% 90.7  97.8%) vs 95.8% (CI95% 87.6  98.9%), 86.0% (CI95% 73.6  93.3) vs 85.0% (CI95% 61.1  96.0%), and 98.8% (CI95% 95.3  99.8%) vs 97.2% (CI95% 89.4  99.5%), respectively (p>0.05). Polyp detection rates were not statistically different between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). Overall examination time was significantly shorter with rectal than with oral tagging (18.3  3.5 vs 215.6  10.3 minutes, respectively; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Rectal @entity1496 tagging can be an effective alternative to oral tagging for CTC with the advantages of greater @entity1 acceptance and lower overall examination time.

title: CT colonography with rectal @entity1496 tagging: Feasibility and comparison with oral tagging in a XXXX screening population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ) is diagnosed based on clinical features that may overlap with other @entity627 conditions like @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Furthermore, a proportion of @entity2760 @entity1 may subsequently evolve into @entity309 . The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of @entity2760 @entity1 in a Chinese cohort compared to a Caucasian series. @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity2760 during 1997-2008 were reviewed for clinical features and compared to a reported Caucasian series. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies were determined by immunonephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Forty-four @entity1 of southern Chinese origin were diagnosed to have @entity2760 according to specialist opinion. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 (n = 33) were >65 years of age at diagnosis (mean +/- standard deviation, 75.8 +/- 9.6 years). The commonest feature at disease onset was elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate >40 mm/h (100% vs. 95.7%; p = 0.17) and bilateral shoulder @entity158 or @entity2693 (95.5% vs. 90.8%; p = 0.31), comparable in frequency to the Caucasian cohort. However, Chinese @entity1 had significantly longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis (p < 0.001) but less bilateral upper arm tenderness (p < 0.001) and generalized @entity2693 (p = 0.01). Twelve (27.3%) @entity1 evolved into @entity309 after a median duration of 2 months from onset of @entity2760 . RF and anti-CCP antibodies were positive in 66.7% and 60% of these @entity1 compared to 9.4% and 6.2%, respectively, among those who did not evolve into @entity309 during the period observed. Chinese @entity1 with @entity2760 have modestly different clinical profile compared to the Caucasian counterpart. RF and anti-CCP antibodies were more likely to be present in those who subsequently developed into @entity309 .

title: The clinical course of XXXX rheumatica in Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['Polymyalgia rheumatica', 'PMR']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['polymyalgia']


abstract: A large proportion of " @entity198 " is caused by unknown agents. Of late, a new @entity74 , " @entity14752 ," has been described, which present with features similar to viral encephalitides. A well-delineated and common entity among this group is the recently described anti-NMDAR @entity198 (NMDARE). Although this entity was initially described in young @entity1 harboring @entity43 , it is now characterised as well in @entity1 and @entity1 . Approximately 60% of the @entity1 have an underlying @entity5 , usually an @entity43 . In 40% of the @entity1 , no cause can be found (idiopathic NMDARE). NMDARE typically presents with @entity146 features followed by altered level of @entity1662 , severe @entity8053 , @entity71 @entity717 , @entity410 and @entity11627 . @entity910 resulting in lip and tongue mutilation are quite common. @entity410 , are common and may be difficult to treat. The disease can be confirmed by serum and cerebrospinal fluid anti-NMDAR antibodies. Titers of these antibodies can also guide response to treatment. @entity5 removal is necessary if identified, followed by immunological treatment. Intravenous @entity1667 and immunoglobulins aim to suppress/modulate immune response while plasma exchange attempts to remove antibodies and other inflammatory cytokines. Rituximab and @entity786 aim to suppress antibody production. Recovery is slow and often with @entity51 if treatment is delayed. With many distinctive clinical features, a specific antibody that aids diagnosis, and early effective treatment with commonly available drugs leading to good outcomes, NMDARE is a diagnosis that should be considered early in any case of "unexplained @entity198 ."

title: N-methyl D-aspartate receptor XXXX : A new addition to the spectrum of @entity14752 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratoma', 'ovarian teratomas']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ['central hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Orofacial dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['category of disorders']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endothelial @entity842 (NO) synthase is regulated by shear stress. At elevated intraocular pressures when the Schlemm's canal (SC) begins to collapse, shear stress is comparable with that in large arteries. We investigated the relationship between NO production and shear stress in cultured @entity1 SC cells. METHODS: Schlemm's canal endothelial cells isolated from three normal and two glaucomatous @entity1 donors were seeded into Ibidi flow chambers at confluence, cultured for 7 days, and subjected to steady shear stress (0.1 or 10 dynes/cm(2)) for 6, 24, or 168 hours. Cell alignment with flow direction was monitored, and NO production was measured using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) and Griess reagents. @entity1 trabecular meshwork (TM) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as controls. RESULTS: Normal SC strains aligned with the direction of flow by 7 days. Comparing 0.1 vs. 10 dynes/cm(2), NO levels increased by 82% at 24 hours and 8-fold after 7 days by DAF-FM, and similar results were obtained with Griess reagent. Shear responses by SC cells at 24 hours were comparable with HUVECs, and greater than TM cells, which appeared shear-insensitive. @entity842 production by SC cells was detectable as early as 6 hours and was inhibited by 100  M nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Two glaucomatous SC cell strains were either unresponsive or lifted from the plate in the face of shear. CONCLUSIONS: Shear stress triggers NO production in @entity1 SC cells, similar to other vascular endothelia. Increased shear stress and NO production during SC collapse at elevated intraocular pressures may in part mediate IOP homeostasis.

title: Shear Stress-Triggered XXXX Release From Schlemm's Canal Cells.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide', 'Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: Influenza poses unique risks to pregnant @entity1 , who are particularly susceptible to morbidity and mortality. Historically, pregnant @entity1 have been overrepresented among @entity1 with severe @entity221 and complications from @entity683 , and have been more likely to require hospitalization and intensive care unit admission. An increased risk of adverse outcomes is also present for fetuses/neonates born to @entity1 affected by @entity683 during pregnancy. These risks to mothers and babies have been observed during both nonpandemic and pandemic @entity683 seasons. During the H1N1 @entity683 pandemic of 2009-2010, pregnant @entity1 were more likely to be hospitalized or admitted to intensive care units, and were at higher risk of @entity204 compared to nonpregnant adults. Vaccination remains the most effective intervention to prevent severe @entity221 , and antiviral medications are an important adjunct to ameliorate disease when it occurs. Unfortunately, despite national guidelines recommending universal vaccination for @entity1 who are pregnant during @entity683 season, actual vaccination rates do not achieve desired targets among pregnant @entity1 . Pregnant @entity1 are also sometimes reluctant to use antiviral medications during pregnancy. Some of the barriers to use of vaccines and medications during pregnancy are a lack of knowledge of recommendations and of safety data. By improving knowledge and understanding of @entity683 and vaccination recommendations, vaccine acceptance rates among pregnant @entity1 can be improved. Currently, the appropriate use of vaccination and antiviral medications is the best line of defense against @entity683 and its sequelae among pregnant @entity1 , and strategies to increase acceptance are crucial. This article will review the importance of @entity683 in pregnancy, and discuss vaccination and antiviral medications for pregnant @entity1 .

title: Risk management of seasonal XXXX during pregnancy: current perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present analysis was to assess whether small bowel @entity674 ( @entity674 ) is associated with worse @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) compared with @entity1820 on a population-based level. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on @entity1 aged 18  years or older with histologically proven @entity674 was extracted from the SEER database from 1998 to 2011. @entity1349 and CSS for small bowel @entity674 were compared with @entity1349 and CSS for @entity1820 by application of adjusted and unadjusted Cox regression analyses and propensity score analyses. RESULTS: @entity674 were located in the stomach (n  =  3011, 59  %), duodenum (n  =  313, 6  %), jejunum/ileum (n  =  1288, 25  %), colon (n  =  139, 3  %), rectum (n  =  172, 3  %), and extraviscerally (n  =  173, 3  %). @entity1349 and CSS of @entity1 with @entity674 in the duodenum [ @entity1349 , HR  0.95, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.76-1.19; CSS, HR  0.99, 95  % CI 0.76-1.29] and in the jejunum/ileum ( @entity1349 , HR  0.97, 95  % CI 0.85-1.10; CSS, HR  =  0.95, 95  % CI 0.81-1.10) were similar to those of @entity1 with @entity1820 in multivariate analyses. Conversely, @entity1349 and CSS of @entity1 with @entity674 in the colon ( @entity1349 , HR  1.40; 95  % CI 1.07-1.83; CSS, HR  1.89, 95  % CI 1.41-2.54) and in an extravisceral location ( @entity1349 , HR  1.42, 95  % CI 1.14-1.77; CSS, HR  =  1.43, 95  % CI 1.11-1.84) were significantly worse than those of @entity1 with @entity1820 . CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to common belief, @entity1349 and CSS of @entity1 with small bowel @entity674 are not statistically different from those of @entity1 with @entity1820 when adjustment is made for confounding variables on a population-based level. The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity674 is worse because of a colonic and extravisceral @entity674 location. These findings have implications regarding adjuvant treatment of @entity674 @entity1 . Hence, the dogma that small bowel @entity674 @entity1 have worse prognosis than @entity1820 @entity1 and therefore should receive adjuvant treatment to a greater extent must be revisited.

title: Revisiting a dogma: similar survival of XXXX with small bowel and @entity1820 . A population-based propensity score SEER analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST', 'nongastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim was to identify a mathematical model that, when fitted with the survival time distribution of a @entity978 population, would provide a reliable estimate of expected survival at diagnosis for any new @entity978 @entity1 . This model would be based upon a multivariable selection of the best prognostic factors evaluable at diagnosis and its forecast could be of assistance in the choice of treatment. METHODS: The study sample consisted of the 5,023 @entity1 whose basic clinical information was collected into the @entity978 . These were @entity1 treated with standard protocols over the last two decades in 18 institutions. Several survival time distributions (exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-logistic and log-normal) were investigated to find the one that best fit the data and to relate its parameters to @entity1 prognostic characteristics. RESULTS: The log-normal model provided the best fit for the data. The most statistically significant prognostic covariates were stage, age, histotype, B symptoms, serum albumin, sex and involved area distribution. Mediastinal, extranodal or bone marrow involvement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity880 dehydrogenase did not add significant information. An equation containing these seven variables was derived to estimate median survival. Five distinct prognostic classes were identified by four cut-off values for this estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Direct use of estimated median survival or allocating each @entity1 into one of the five prognostic classes allows better tailoring of clinical strategies according to prognostic characteristics, more accurate @entity1 stratification and evaluation of results in clinical trials and metaanalyses. Instructions are given for using this tool for both clinical and investigational purposes.

title: Estimate of expected survival at diagnosis in @entity978 : a means of weighting prognostic factors and a tool for treatment choice and clinical research. A report from the XXXX ( @entity978 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin', 'IDHD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['International Database on Hodgkin's Disease']


abstract: In some clinical situations, an abnormal Q wave may represent intense but reversible @entity63 , but the point at which irreversible @entity296 occurs is seldom known in the acute phase. Unfortunately, the correct diagnosis is presently too cumbersome and takes far too long by means of serial ECGs and enzyme determinations. This delay may preclude rapid therapeutic interventions such as angioplasty, thrombolysis, and emergency coronary bypass surgery to provide myocardial salvage. The remarkable progress in the treatment of unstable @entity453 has created the need for more reliable markers of cell death so as to exclude @entity1 from aggressive therapy or to terminate aggressive therapy to salvage what is considered @entity63 myocardium. Transient Q waves are being reported far more frequently and have assumed far greater clinical importance because of the current aggressive therapy of MI (and @entity63 ) with thrombolytic agents, angioplasty, and coronary bypass surgery. A Q-wave deflection associated with ST-segment elevation or @entity308 does not invariably indicate MI. The pronouncement of @entity296 has become more complicated than in the past because Q waves are not pathognomonic of @entity296 . Transient @entity63 electrical silence with Q waves in the absence of MI is a rare phenomenon and affects the anterior leads much more commonly than the inferior leads. Such Q waves may appear acutely or may be present chronically with the potential of disappearing when coronary perfusion is restored. A transient @entity1757 induced by @entity63 should always be ruled out before making the diagnosis of a transient @entity63 Q wave or electrical silence. Some workers believe that all transient Q waves represent an unstable @entity1757 , but recent developments suggest that most transient Q waves in @entity453 are engendered by @entity63 . @entity4 and @entity32 may play a part in rendering the myocardium electrically inert, and their disappearance may explain the loss of Q waves. The presence of a small MI should not detract from the importance of associated transient Q waves due to potentially salvageable, severely @entity63 myocardium, that is, the zone of so-called concussion around the area of @entity39 . In evolving Q-wave MI, a new Q wave may reverse acutely if coronary perfusion is restored very early. Disappearance of Q waves several days after MI suggests return of @entity296 and does not represent a factitious electrical change. Electrical stunning may be associated with @entity1562 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Significance of transient electrocardiographic Q waves in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial death', 'myocardial damage', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction disorder']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little attention has been focused on the demands on caregivers in @entity64 outcome research. A major aim of this study was to identify factors in @entity1 associated with emotional distress in caregivers 1 year after @entity64 . METHODS: One-year @entity64 survivors with residual handicap (defined by the Oxford Handicap Scale) and their chief caregivers were interviewed as part of the follow-up activities for @entity1 (n = 492) registered with the Perth Community @entity64 Study. We assessed emotional distress in caregivers using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Appropriate sections of the Social Behaviour Assessment Schedule were used to assess the @entity1 's behavior and the impact on the caregiver's life. Other aspects of the @entity1 's functional state were assessed with the Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Frenchay Activities Index, and the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (at 4 months after @entity64 ). RESULTS: Of 241 @entity1 who survived to 1 year after @entity64 and were living outside of an institution, 103 @entity1 (43%; 95% confidence interval, 37% to 49%) were handicapped. Eighty-four @entity1 /caregiver units were assessed from this latter group. Almost all caregivers reported adverse effects on their emotional health, social activities, and leisure time, and more than half reported adverse effects on family relationships. Forty-six caregivers (55%) showed evidence of emotional distress on either of the two screening instruments, particularly if they were caregiving for @entity1 with @entity303 and/or @entity146 . There was no significant relationship between emotional illness among caregivers and the degree of @entity1 ' @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the high level of emotional distress among caregivers of @entity64 @entity1 suggests that many caregivers have unmet needs. Community services need to focus attention on the neuropsychological aspects of @entity64 @entity1 and the social functioning of caregivers who support them.

title: A population-based assessment of the impact and burden of caregiving for long-term XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The presence of an @entity172 receptor in Leydig cell cytosol suggests that @entity172 could have a direct action on Leydig cell function. We have shown earlier the direct effect of @entity53 on @entity251 biosynthesis. We report in this communication effect of @entity53 on spermatogenesis using hypophysectomized @entity35 treated daily for four days with 400 IU hCG/ @entity18019 ) and 1 IU FSH (Pergonal), a model that eliminates the possibility of feedback effects of @entity53 on gonadotropin secretion. @entity53 was administered in subcutaneous silastic capsules. The control animals had empty capsules. The inhibition of spermatogenesis, after @entity53 treatment, was marked by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, disorganization of the germinal elements, accumulation of cellular debris and the absence of late spermatid and spermatozoa. These changes in the histoarchitecture of testis were accompanied by the reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the basement membrane. Morphologically Leydig cells were, however, normal. Inhibition of spermatogenesis was in relation to the amount of @entity172 available/administered as @entity53 capsule of 0.25 cm did not evoke significant changes in the histology of the testis whereas @entity53 capsule of 4 cm caused maximum damage to the spermatogenesis. Similarly progressive damage to the spermatogenesis was quite apparent as the number of days increased after @entity53 capsule implantation. Neither high (1600 IU/day/4 days) nor low /5.25 IU/day) doses of hCG synergized the effect of @entity53 on spermatogenesis. Testis weight was significantly reduced after @entity53 treatment but weight of the epididymis and accessory sex organs did not change. Body weight was also not effected by @entity53 treatment.

title: Demonstration of direct effect of XXXX on @entity35 spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: No previous long-term prospective studies have examined if workers with low @entity410 have an increased risk of @entity65 due to high physical work demands. We tested this hypothesis. METHOD: We carried out a 30-year follow-up of the Copenhagen Male Study of 5249 employed @entity1 aged 40-59 years. We excluded from follow-up 274 @entity1 with a history of @entity583 , prevalent symptoms of @entity951 , or @entity613 . We estimated physical fitness [maximal @entity26 consumption (VO (2)Max)] using the Astrand cycling test and determined physical work demands with two self-reported questions. RESULTS: In the Copenhagen Male Study, 587 @entity1 (11.9%) died due to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Using @entity1 with low physical work demands as the reference group, @entity797 analyses--adjusted for age, blood pressure, smoking, @entity167 consumption, body mass index, @entity6 , and @entity101 --showed that high physical work demands were associated with an increased risk of @entity299 mortality in the least fit [VO (2)Max range 15-26, N=892, hazard ratio (HR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20-3.49] and moderately fit (VO (2)Max range 27-38, N=3037, HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.24-2.46), but not among the most fit @entity1 (VO (2)Max range 39-78, N=1014, HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.52-2.17). We found a similar, although slightly weaker, relationship with respect to all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis was supported. @entity1 with low and medium physical fitness have an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality if exposed to high physical work demands. Ours observations suggest that, among @entity1 with high physical work demands, being physically fit protects against adverse cardiovascular effects.

title: Physical demands at work, physical fitness, and 30-year XXXX and all-cause mortality in the Copenhagen Male Study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: We studied the pattern of infection and the inter-annual variation and individual factors affecting the infection of 2 species of nasopharyngeal bot flies, Cephenemyia auribarbis and Pharyngomyia picta (Diptera: Oestridae), in a population of Iberian @entity2498 ( @entity2498 hispanicus) from south central Spain (10 annual periods between 1990 and 2003). Mean prevalence+/-S.E.95%CI of infection was 35.19+/-4.24% (n=486). The frequency distribution of the parasites was markedly aggregated (K: 0.213, mean abundance+/-S.D.: 5.49+/-12.12). Parasite load of Oestridae peaked at @entity291 and subadult age groups and declined thereafter, which suggests that acquired immunity may be acting. In common with other host-parasite relationships, male hosts were found to have higher prevalence and abundance levels than females. The prevalence of @entity23302 was positively affected by the presence of C. auribarbis whereas the intensity of infection of @entity23302 was negatively affected by the presence of C. auribarbis. Intensity of @entity23302 in concomitant @entity281 with C. auribarbis was lower than in pure @entity23302 @entity281 , whilst the intensity of C. auribarbis @entity281 did not change. This provides good evidence of interspecific competence, which could be dealt with by parasites by means of asynchronous life-cycles and different maturation periods. Weather also affects the dynamics and transmission rates of these parasites. Previous annual rainfalls positively affected the level of infection with oestrids. Yearly autumn rainfalls affected positively @entity23302 , possibly due to an effect on the pupal stage survival. Infection of Oestridae affected body condition in @entity291 and subadults, suggesting that oestrids could have sublethal effects on Iberian @entity2498 . Future research is needed to investigate the effect of parasites on the dynamics of the Iberian @entity2498 .

title: Long-term epidemiology, effect on body condition and interspecific interactions of concomitant infection by nasopharyngeal bot fly larvae (Cephenemyia auribarbis and Pharyngomyia picta, Oestridae) in a population of Iberian XXXX ( @entity2498 hispanicus).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'red deer']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['red deer']


abstract: A synthetic strategy was developed for the preparation of @entity7889 containing between one and four stereogenic centers, such that their molecular weights vary only as a result of @entity5498 groups which give the chiral forms. The low-dimensional nanoscale aggregates of these compounds reveal the profound effects of this varying molecular chirality on their supramolecular structure and optical activity. The number of stereogenic centers influences significantly the self-assembly and chiral structure of the aggregates of @entity7170 molecules described here. A scanning tunneling microscopy study of monolayers on @entity15583 shows that the degree of structural chirality with respect to the surface increases almost linearly with the number of stereogenic centers, and only one handedness is formed in the monolayers, whereas the achiral compound forms a mixture of mirror-image domains at the surface. In solution, four @entity3884 bonds induce the formation of an H-aggregate, and circular dichroism measurements and theoretical studies indicate that the compounds self-assemble into helical structures. Both the chirality and stability of the aggregates depend critically on the number of stereocenters. The chiral @entity7170 derivatives gelate @entity23940 at concentrations dependent on the number and position of chiral groups at the periphery of the aromatic core, reflecting the different aggregation forces of the molecules in solution. Increasing the number of stereogenic centers requires more material to immobilize the solvent, in all likelihood because of the greater solubility of the @entity7889 . The vibrational circular dichroism spectra of the gels show that all compounds have a chiral environment around the @entity6346 bonds, confirming the helical model proposed by calculations. The morphologies of the xerogels (studied by scanning electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy) are similar, although more fibrous features are present in the molecules with fewer stereogenic centers. Importantly, the presence of only one stereogenic center, bearing a @entity5498 group as the desymmetrizing ligand, in a molecule of considerable molecular weight is enough to induce single-handed chirality in both the one- and two-dimensional supramolecular self-assembled structures.

title: Tuning the supramolecular chirality of one- and two-dimensional aggregates with the number of stereogenic centers in the component XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity23940 :: ('MESH:C521475', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcyclohexane']

answer: @entity7889 :: (MESH:D011166,Chemical) :: ['porphyrins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the efficacy of biphasic @entity1 insulin 30 ( @entity14542 ) in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 who had failed in therapy with two or more @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). METHODS: This open-label, nonrandomized, 4-month, multicenter, clinical observational study was conducted in Shanghai, China. A total of 660 insulin-naive type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >= 7.5%), despite treatment with two or more @entity1697 for more than 6 months, were recruited and received @entity14542 monotherapy or @entity14542 plus OAD(s) ( @entity2449 only, a-glucosidase inhibitor only, or both). RESULTS: Among the 660 subjects, 644 completed the 4-month study. At the end of the study, the median level of HbA1c decreased by 2.0% (from 9.1% to 7.0%) in the @entity14542 monotherapy group and also 2.0% (from 9.5% to 7.3%) in the @entity14542 plus OAD group. More @entity1 achieved the HbA1c <7.0% target in the @entity14542 monotherapy group than in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group (47.9% vs. 35.3%, P=0.002). Compared with the expenses of the prior treatment strategy, the median daily cost decreased by 39.8% (4.5 yuan, Chinese RMB) at the end point in the @entity14542 monotherapy group but increased by 20.0% (2.2 yuan) in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group (P<0.0001). Moreover, @entity1 in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group had fewer minor hypoglycemic episodes than in the @entity14542 monotherapy group (mean of 1.06 vs. 2.77 per @entity1 per year, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity14542 therapy can improve glycemic control in insulin-naive type 2 @entity6 @entity1 after failure of two or more @entity1697 . With higher baseline @entity413 level, the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group had lower pharmacoeconomic efficacy than the @entity14542 monotherapy group despite having fewer @entity4053 events.

title: The impact of initiating biphasic @entity1 insulin 30 therapy in type 2 XXXX @entity1 after failure of @entity1697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OADs', 'oral antidiabetes drugs']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Expression of the 72-kD heat-shock protein ( @entity1878 ) has served as a useful indicator of @entity63 stress after @entity2806 . Moderate @entity2332 (30 degrees C) has been reported to block the induction of @entity1878 after a brief episode of @entity63 . The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of deep @entity2332 (15 degrees C) on expression of @entity1878 after a prolonged period of @entity2806 . METHODS: Piglets 19 to 23 days old, were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, and brain temperature was lowered to 23 degrees C (n = 9) or 15 degrees C (n = 9) before circulatory arrest for 1 hour. In an additional group of animals (n = 5), the temperature was lowered to 29 degrees C before arrest for 45 minutes. All animals were reperfused at 37 degrees C for 2 hours, and the regional expression of @entity1878 mRNA was assessed using in situ hybridization. RESULTS: After @entity63 at 15 degrees C, expression of @entity1878 mRNA was limited to a few scattered regions of cerebral cortex; the percentage of cortex exhibiting @entity1878 mRNA was 23 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM). @entity63 at 23 degrees C triggered expression of @entity1878 mRNA in a significantly larger portion of the cortex (68 +/- 8%, P < .001). @entity63 at 29 degrees C failed to induce substantial expression of @entity1878 mRNA in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, relative to @entity63 at 23 degrees C, deep @entity2332 (15 degrees C) diminishes @entity63 alterations leading to induction of @entity1878 mRNA. The lack of cortical expression of @entity1878 mRNA following @entity63 at 29 degrees C may be secondary to inadequate recovery of energy metabolism.

title: Deep @entity2332 diminishes the XXXX induction of heat-shock protein-72 mRNA in piglet brain.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: 1. @entity1063 -induced release of endogenous @entity3211 ( @entity855 , @entity857 , @entity860 ) and @entity859 from both @entity35 caudal artery and thoracic aorta was characterized, using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. 2. @entity1063 , in a concentration-dependent manner, increased the overflow of @entity855 and its metabolites from the caudal artery. The @entity1063 -induced release of @entity3211 and @entity859 from the caudal artery was abolished by @entity10820 , an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not by @entity9006 , an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist. @entity1338 , an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, contracted caudal artery smooth muscle but did not induce release of @entity3211 or @entity859 . 3. @entity1063 also significantly increased the overflow of @entity855 and its metabolites from the thoracic aorta in the @entity35 ; however, the amount of @entity3211 and @entity859 released from the aorta was considerably less than that released from the caudal artery. 4. @entity1063 significantly increased the overflow of @entity855 and its metabolites from cultured endothelial cells from the thoracic aorta and caudal artery. The amount released from the cultured endothelial cells from the thoracic aorta and caudal artery. The amount released from the cultured endothelial cells from the aorta was also much less than that from cultured endothelial cells from the caudal artery. In cultured smooth muscle cells from the caudal artery, a significant release of @entity855 or its metabolites was not observed. 5. These results suggest that there are vascular endothelial cells that are able to release @entity855 by an alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism, but that these cells are not homogeneously distributed in the vasculature.

title: In vitro studies of release of XXXX and @entity859 from @entity35 vascular endothelium in response to alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation.

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine']

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity3211 :: (MESH:D000227,Chemical) :: ['adenine nucleotides']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine retrospectively the frequency of various @entity3985 among Japanese @entity1 who underwent keratoplasty or keratectomy at the authors' institution over a 34-year period, and to compare the histopathologic features of these disorders in the Japanese population with those reported in the Western literature. METHODS: Corneal specimens obtained during keratectomy or keratoplasty (lamellar and penetrating) performed at the authors' institution from 1959 through 1992 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies to keratan @entity597 and gelsolin, as well as two lectins (concanavalin A and @entity3505 germ agglutinin). RESULTS: Of 1259 corneal specimens, 159 (12.6%) specimens from a total of 80 @entity1 showed @entity3985 . Virtually all were @entity13189 ; only one case of primary @entity13189 was identified histologically. @entity3985 and @entity14671 were the most common @entity3986 identified in the specimens, largely because of multiple specimens from individual @entity1 with recurrent disease. These two disorders accounted for 86 of the 159 specimens. In terms of numbers of @entity1 , @entity3986 was the most common (26 @entity1 , 32.5%), followed by @entity1020 (16 @entity1 , 20%), @entity14671 (15 @entity1 , 18.8%), @entity3985 (14 @entity1 , 17.5%), and @entity13685 (3 @entity1 , 3.75%). Dystrophies represented by only one or two @entity1 included @entity19769 , primary @entity2372 , @entity19770 , @entity19771 , and @entity13189 . CONCLUSIONS: This histopathologic study showed a very low incidence of @entity13189 in the authors' Japanese @entity1 population, compared with the incidences seen in studies of populations in Western countries. Of the @entity13189 , @entity3986 was the most common among the @entity1 , although there were large numbers of specimens with @entity3985 and @entity14671 due to their recurrent character. The causes of clinical and histopathologic differences and similarities among the Japanese @entity1 and the @entity1 described in the Western literature are likely related to genetic factors, but a complete understanding of their specific mechanisms awaits future molecular biologic and genetic elucidation.

title: Clinical and histopathologic features of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19770 :: ('MESH:C562745', 'Disease') :: ['posterior polymorphous dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity19769 :: ('MESH:C536439', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity19771 :: ('MESH:C535475', 'Disease') :: ['Schnyder crystalline dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['spheroidal keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy', 'corneal dystrophies', 'granular dystrophy', 'Granular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['lattice dystrophy', 'dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity14671 :: ('MESH:C535480', 'Disease') :: ['gelatinous drop-like dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity13685 :: ('MESH:C535474', 'Disease') :: ['Avellino dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['non-Fuchs dystrophies', 'Fuchs dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity3985 :: (MESH:D003317,Disease) :: ['corneal dystrophies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8249 has not been well characterized in the @entity4806 population. OBJECTIVE: We sought to review our experience of @entity8249 in the @entity4806 age group. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 18 years of age and younger with a diagnosis of @entity8249 who were examined at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, from 1970 to 2007. RESULTS: The records of 32 @entity1 ( @entity1 , 22 [69%]) were evaluated. Mean age was 14.1 years (range, 5-18 years) and mean time to diagnosis was 5.2 years. Seven @entity1 (22%) had a first-degree relative with @entity8249 ; 4 were from the same family. Physical activity was limited because of discomfort in 21 @entity1 (66%) and school attendance was affected in 11 @entity1 (34%). Noninvasive vascular studies, which compared temperature, laser Doppler flow, and transcutaneous oximetry in the toes, identified @entity455 in 13 (93%) of 14 @entity1 . Neurophysiologic studies with autonomic reflex screening (including quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test and thermoregulatory sweat testing) showed evidence of a small-fiber @entity16 involving the skin in 10 (59%) of 17 @entity1 studied; there was no evidence of large-fiber @entity16 in 20 @entity1 in whom electromyographic and nerve conduction studies were performed. Topical @entity3303 was the most commonly prescribed treatment (44%). Fifteen @entity1 were monitored for an average of 9.1 years (median, 5.0 years; range, 0.4-23.7 years). At last follow-up, 5 @entity1 had stable disease, 4 showed improvement, two had resolution, one reported worsening of symptoms, and 3 had died (one suicide). LIMITATIONS: Conclusions are limited because this was a retrospective chart review. CONCLUSION: @entity8249 in @entity4806 @entity1 is associated with substantial morbidity and even death. The majority of cases are not inherited. Most @entity1 studied have associated small-fiber @entity16 . The disease course is variable. A reliable and safe treatment has not been determined.

title: Pediatric XXXX : a retrospective review of 32 cases evaluated at Mayo Clinic over a 37-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['Erythromelalgia', 'erythromelalgia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity8249 :: (MESH:D004916,Disease) :: ['erythromelalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether @entity4297 in uraemic @entity1 are determined by high blood pressure or if they are an expression of a specific @entity296 . DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: City general hospital in Italy. SUBJECTS: 35 uraemic @entity1 receiving haemodialysis (17 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age 60.3 (11.2); mean duration of dialysis 52 months) were selected from the 64 @entity1 in Venice who were receiving dialysis; subjects with @entity6 , @entity9595 , @entity409 , regional @entity910 , and @entity2396 were excluded. 19 control normotensive subjects (6 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ), matched for age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Echocardiographic measurements of left atrium, left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volume, aortic root diameter, posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness, left ventricle mass index, and ejection fraction in controls and in @entity1 according to whether they were normotensive (five @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) or @entity101 (12 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) on 48 hour ambulatory monitoring; left ventricular diastolic function by Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: Mean systolic and diastolic pressures, daytime systolic and diastolic pressures, and night time systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly higher in the @entity101 @entity1 than in the normotensive @entity1 . The normotensive @entity1 had similar blood pressures to the controls. Left ventricular mass correlated significantly with the mean diastolic pressure and mean night time systolic and diastolic pressures. @entity461 concentrations were similar in the two groups of @entity1 . Diastolic relaxation was impaired to the same degree in the two groups of @entity1 . Parameters of diastolic function showed no relation to left ventricular mass, which was significantly higher in the @entity101 than in the normotensive @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Uraemia is likely to induce specific changes in the relaxation properties of the myocardium. These changes are responsible for the impaired diastolic function independently of blood pressure, degree of @entity1184 , and metabolic changes, which suggests the existence of a specific @entity296 . @entity101 remains a determinant of left ventricular mass.

title: Left ventricular morphology and diastolic function in uraemia: echocardiographic evidence of a specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['valvar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac morphological and functional abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['haemochromatosis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The imbalance in clotting homeostasis, tending @entity49 , is recognized as the real barrier to the long-term survival of porcine xenografts in @entity1707 -to-primate xenotransplatation. The present study aimed to validate in primate blood the applicability of whole blood rotation thromboelastometry, performed by ROTEM  , which evaluates the characteristics of clot formation by dynamic monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ROTEM   (Pentapharm GmbH, Munich, Germany) was used to investigate native coagulation (NATEM  ), the intrinsic (INTEM  ) and extrinsic (EXTEM  ) pathways, the function of @entity2002 (FIBTEM  ), and the presence of fibrinolysis in 40 na  ve @entity5434 . Using classic validation approaches, the normal thromboelastographic profile was defined and the influence of haematocrit (Hct,%), platelet count (x10(9)/L), @entity2002 (mg/dl), and factor VIII ( @entity2801 ,%) was evaluated. RESULTS: In all four (NATEM  , INTEM  , EXTEM  , FIBTEM  ) assays considered, Clotting Time (CT, sec) and Clot Formation Time (CFT, sec) were shorter in primates than @entity1 . Moreover, a-angle (  ), @entity4461 ( @entity4461 , mm), and MaxVel (mm/min) were also higher in primates than @entity1 . No substantial difference was observed for Hct and platelet count between the two species. On the contrary, @entity2801 was higher in primates than in @entity1 whereas, interestingly enough, @entity2002 levels were lower in monkeys than in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: ROTEM   depicts a hypercoagulable profile in primates as compared to @entity1 . Taken together these data suggest that, with regard to coagulation, xenotransplantation in cynos may represent a much more difficult situation than xenotransplantation in @entity1 .

title: Reference values for thromboelastometry (ROTEM  ) in @entity5434 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['towards hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['MCF', 'Maximum Clot Firmness']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4614 is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and it has been suggested that unphysiological glucocorticoid replacement regimens might contribute to this risk. Traditional glucocorticoid replacement regimens have often led to excessive serum @entity701 levels. The hypercortisolaemia of @entity699 is associated with an increased risk of @entity1031 . OBJECTIVE: To examine whether short-term higher-dose @entity701 replacement regimens adversely affect the fibrinolytic system. DESIGN: Crossover study comparing tailored low-dose (LD) glucocorticoid regimen (mean, 17  5 mg @entity701 daily), with a traditional @entity2101 ( @entity2101 , 30-mg @entity701 daily) regimen for 2 weeks. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 with @entity4614 and @entity16054 - median (range) age, 59 (41-75) years - and 10 age- and sex-matched controls. Nine @entity1 had @entity2338 (five replaced), nine @entity1 had @entity1220 (nine replaced), eight had @entity24859 (five replaced). During the study, other pituitary hormone replacement therapy remained unchanged. @entity1 with @entity2012 and @entity699 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Hourly serum @entity701 for 11 h, @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), @entity1456 (tPA) and @entity2002 levels after 2 weeks of treatment with both LD and @entity2101 regimens. RESULTS: No overall significant differences were found between the three groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test: @entity2289 : [median (range)] @entity2101 , 25 (5-53) ng/ml; LD, 21 (4-56) ng/ml; controls, 27 (8-51); P = 0  3; tPA: @entity2101 , 10 (5-15) ng/ml; LD, 10 (4-13) ng/ml; controls 10 (3-13); P = 0  46; and @entity2002 : @entity2101 , 2  5 (1  8-3  5) g/l; LD, 3  0 (2  3-4  4) g/l; controls, 2  6 (1  6-3  2): P = 0  97 In addition, no significant differences between @entity2101 and LD using Wilcoxon's paired test; @entity2289 (P = 0  91), tPAag (P = 0  47) and @entity2002 (P = 0  09). CONCLUSIONS: An increased dose of @entity701 for 2 weeks creates excessive glucocorticoid exposure, but does not significantly affect fibrinolytic-coagulation parameters.

title: Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and fibrinolysis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity24859 :: ('MESH:C536961', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotrophin deficiency']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['hypopituitarism']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1456 ( @entity3479 ) is a synthetic fibrinolytic protein which activates plasminogen or converts plasminogen to plasmin specifically in the presence of fibrin. With its "clot-selectivity", @entity3479 is capable of lysing clots without having a significant effect on circulating plasminogen. In contrast, activation by streptokinase and urokinase is non-specific and affects circulating as well as thrombus plasminogen. These agents, therefore, have a greater potential to induce @entity548 than does @entity3479 . Plasma levels of @entity3479 following intravenous administration are generally proportional to the dose, but there can be significant interpatient variation. The drug is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism and is then excreted in the urine. Half-life of circulating @entity3479 ranges from 2-8 minutes. Most clinical trials of @entity3479 have evaluated its use in acute @entity583 . Indeed, its current indication is for thrombolysis in evolving MI. Short-term benefits of @entity3479 administration include a prompt reperfusion and restoration of coronary artery patency in @entity1 with @entity1563 . The degree to which the heart benefits from thrombolysis is unknown, but electrocardiographic changes, changes in cardiac enzymes and alterations in the pattern of @entity662 indicate that rapid reperfusion may limit the size of the @entity1188 . Overall, @entity3479 appears to be a relatively safe thrombolytic agent. Bleeding is the most significant adverse effect reported with @entity3479 administration. In most cases, however, @entity548 has been minor. Other reported adverse effects include reperfusion @entity943 , @entity1168 , and @entity662 . @entity56 were not observed in clinical trials.

title: XXXX : an evaluation of clinical efficacy in acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['total coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['Tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: The four symptoms composing @entity1052 were postulated to result from a common cognitive denominator (Grundst  rung) by Gerstmann himself. He suggested that it is a @entity74 restricted to the hand and fingers. The existence of a Grundst  rung has since been contested. Here we suggest that a common psychoneurological factor does exist, but should be related to transformations of mental images rather than to the @entity1053 . A @entity1 (H.P.) was studied, who presented the four symptoms of @entity1052 in the absence of any other @entity74 . MRI showed a focal @entity75 , situated subcortically in the inferior part of the left angular gyrus and reaching the superior posterior region of T1. The cortical layers were @entity75 was seen to extend to the callosal fibres. On the basis of an extensive cognitive investigation, language, praxis, memory and intelligence disorders were excluded. The four remaining symptoms (finger @entity1054 , @entity1055 , @entity911 and @entity1056 ) were investigated thoroughly with the aim of determining any characteristics that they might share. Detailed analyses of the tetrad showed that the impairment was consistently attributable to disorders of a spatial nature. Furthermore, cognitive tests necessitating mental rotation were equally shown to be impaired, confirming the essentially visuospatial origin of the disturbance. In the light of this report, the common cognitive denominator is hypothesized to be an impairment in mental manipulation of images and not in @entity1053 .

title: A pure case of @entity1052 with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ["Gerstmann's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesion', 'spared and the lesion']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['dyscalculia']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body schema']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the body schema', 'neuropsychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['right-left disorientation']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['subangular lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently not a common treatment for @entity14 because it is time consuming and technically difficult. Flushknife--an electrosurgical endo-knife with a water-jet function--is expected to reduce the difficulty of colorectal ESD. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a water-jet function for colorectal ESD. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial, which was conducted at a @entity5 referral center. A total of 49 @entity1 , with a total of 51 superficial @entity14 (median @entity5 size of 30 mm), were enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo ESD using either the Flexknife (electrosurgical endo-knife without a water-jet function) or the Flushknife. @entity5 were resected by ESD using each endo-knife. The procedures were conducted by two endoscopists. Operation time was defined as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: En bloc resection was achieved in 23 out of 26 (88%) lesions in the Flexknife group and in 24 out of 24 (100%) lesions in the Flushknife group. The mean operation time (95% confidence interval) was 87.3 (71.3-103.4) min in the Flexknife group and 61.0 (49.3-72.7) min in the Flushknife group (P=0.02). The Flushknife reduced the number of endoscopic device changes (P=0.001), the number of submucosal injections (P=0.001), and the mean amount of injected hyaluronate @entity1372 (P=0.001) compared with the Flexknife. No severe adverse events were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Without increasing adverse events, the endo-knife with a water-jet function efficiently reduced the operation time of colorectal ESD in @entity1 with large superficial @entity14 . (University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry number UMIN000001302).

title: Efficacy of an endo-knife with a water-jet function (Flushknife) for endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasms']


abstract: Clinical trials have shown an increase in survival in @entity1 treated with beta blockers after @entity1188 . In addition, the majority of @entity1 undergoing myocardial revascularization are also treated preoperatively with beta blockers. It is commonly thought that beta blockers exert their protective effect primarily by @entity1168 and subsequent myocardial work. The present study was designed to determine whether beta blockade has any primary protective metabolic effects on globally @entity63 myocardium. Thirty-four anesthetized @entity235 underwent total @entity741 at 37 degrees C. High-energy @entity377 and @entity880 levels in left ventricular tissue samples were determined at control and at 15 minute intervals as well as at the onset of @entity5649 in 24 @entity235 . Seventeen @entity235 were treated with @entity1169 before @entity63 . The time to @entity5649 in control @entity235 was 63.3 +/- 1.4 minutes compared with 75.9 +/- 2.2 minutes in the @entity1169 -treated group (p less than 0.01). In addition to significantly delaying the onset of @entity5649 , @entity1169 also decreased the rate of anaerobic glycolysis during @entity63 . @entity5649 occurred in the control group with an average @entity855 level of 1.26 +/- 0.08 mumol compared to 0.91 +/- 0.08 mumol/gm wet weight for the beta blocked group (p less than 0.0025). These are the first data suggesting that the protective effects of beta blockade may be related to a beneficial effect on @entity741 allowing myocardium to survive with lower levels of @entity855 .

title: Protective metabolic effects of XXXX during total @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic contracture', 'ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardial metabolism', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing heart rate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: Purpose: To determine factors affecting the disc-fovea angle ( @entity12606 ), and to test the hypotheses that adjusting for @entity12606 improves limits of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) variability in normal subjects or enhances performance of RNFL measures for @entity726 detection. Methods: @entity12606 was measured on laser scanning ophthalmoscope fundus images from 170 eyes (110 normal and @entity726 subjects). @entity12606 measurements were repeated in 24 eyes. The relationship between @entity12606 and various anatomic variables was explored. Main outcome measures were changes in 95% RNFL prediction limits or @entity726 discrimination after adjusting for @entity12606 . We also explored the angle between temporal raphe and horizontal meridian in 19 eyes with @entity2194 limited to one hemifield. Results: Average mean deviation and @entity12606 were -0.1 (  1.2) dB and -6.6 (  3.4) degrees, and -4.1 (  3.3) dB and -7.9 (  3.9) degrees in the control and @entity726 groups (p<0.001 and =0.029). The average difference between @entity12606 repeat measurements was 2.0 (  1.8) degrees. Predictors for @entity12606 were female gender (p=0.004), smaller disc area (p=0.006), and @entity726 diagnosis (p=0.019). The absolute change in sectoral RNFL thickness was 6.1 (  3.9) and 4.6 (  3.1)   m in control and @entity726 subjects. RNFL prediction limits improved in 5, 9, and 10 o'clock sectors (p<0.02). Discrimination ability for the best-performing RNFL sector did not improve (p=0.936). The average angle between temporal raphe and horizontal meridian was 0.8 (  0.8) degrees. Conclusions: @entity12606 measurements demonstrated fair intersession repeatability. While adjusting for @entity12606 improved RNFL prediction limits in some sectors, it did not enhance @entity726 detection.

title: Influence of The Disc-Fovea Angle on Limits of RNFL Variability and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['nasal field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma Discrimination']


abstract: The cellular sources or molecular mechanisms responsible for the derangement of vasoactive prostanoid levels during immunosuppressive @entity205 (CSA) therapy have not been defined. Using cultured @entity35 glomerular mesangial cells (MC), the cytostatic, cytotoxic and prostanoid synthesis modulating effects of CSA and @entity1140 have been measured and compared with the immunosuppressive action of these drugs. Both, CSA and @entity1140 inhibited proliferation of MC at similar doses (IC50 approximately 1 microgram.ml-1). Lymphoproliferation was suppressed with IC50s of 50 ng.ml-1 and < 1 ng.ml-1, respectively. In contrast, and unlike @entity1140 , CSA caused mesangiolysis (IC50 = 4.5 micrograms.ml-1) and concentration dependently inhibited the @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) stimulated mesangial cell release of TXB2 at nanomolar doses (IC50 = 50 ng.ml-1). In kinetic experiments (6-48 h), CSA 1 ng.ml-1 partially and 1 microgram.ml-1 completely abolished the @entity3426 augmented mesangial secretion TXB2 at all the time points tested. Both, low and high doses of CSA reduced @entity1421 release by only 20-40% and then not until at least 24 h of incubation. Measuring enzymatic capacity of membrane fractions of MC to generate TXB2 or @entity1421 from added @entity1426 (10(-5) M), @entity870 (0.1-1000 ng.ml-1) caused a dose dependent reduction in cyclooxygenase (COX)/ @entity2871 synthase activity up to 76%, while @entity1421 synthesis (COX/ @entity3009 synthase) was decreased by 34%. Immunoblots with a specific @entity9774 antiserum revealed that @entity9774 protein expression of MC was not affected by CSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity1140 on glomerular mesangial cells. Evidence for direct inhibition of @entity2871 synthase by low @entity205 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) is the most common @entity5 in Germany, but detailed information on survival is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To provide survival estimates for female and male @entity1 with @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), @entity957 ( @entity957 ), @entity242 , @entity3852 . Further subgroup analyses were done by age, @entity5 stage, and body site. METHODS: A total of 459,640 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1489 in 1997-2011 were included from population-based @entity5 registers, covering a population of 33 million inhabitants. Age-standardised absolute and relative 5- and 10-year survival was calculated using period analysis. RESULTS: Absolute and relative 5-year survival was 87.1% and 102.9% for @entity1491 , 77.6% and 93.6% for @entity957 , 82.1% and 96.0% for @entity242 , 71.4% and 75.7% for @entity420 , and 60.0% and 70.7% for @entity3852 . A higher age, female sex, and advanced stage were associated with lower survival. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive overview of @entity1489 survival in Germany is provided. The differences between the @entity1489 subtypes require a more differentiated consideration of @entity1 survival. The survival advantage of @entity1491 @entity1 may be related to health-promoting factors related to the @entity1491 diagnosis, such as changes to a healthier life-style. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Survival from XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['NMSC', 'Non-melanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']