abstract: Addition of @entity1219 at 2.5% to tryptic soy broth (TSB) significantly increased the growth of @entity36394 . @entity7928 shrimp @entity12429 held in 25 per thousand seawater were injected with @entity36642 . damselae grown in TSB containing @entity1219 at 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% at a dose of 8.48 x 10(4)colony-forming units (cfu)shrimp(-1). Over 24-96 h, the cumulative mortality was significantly higher for the shrimp challenged with @entity36394 grown in 2.5% @entity1219 than those grown in 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.5% @entity1219 . In another experiment, @entity12429 held in 25 per thousand were injected with TSB-grown @entity36394 (8.48 x 10(4)cfushrimp(-1)), and then transferred to 5 per thousand, 15 per thousand, 25 per thousand (control) and 35 per thousand. After 96 h, the mortality was highest for the @entity36394 -injected shrimp held in 5 per thousand, and the lowest for the @entity36394 -injected shrimp held in 25 per thousand. In a separate experiment, @entity12429 held in 25 per thousand and then transferred to 5 per thousand, 15 per thousand, 25 per thousand (control) and 35 per thousand were examined for immune parameters, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of @entity36394 after 12-96 h. The @entity839 , hyaline cell, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency decreased significantly for the shrimp held in 5 per thousand, 15 per thousand and 35 per thousand after 12h. It is concluded that @entity7928 shrimp @entity12429 transferred from 25 per thousand to low salinity levels (5 per thousand and 15 per thousand) and high salinity (35 per thousand) had reduced immune ability and decreased resistance against @entity36394 @entity281 .

title: Effect of salinity on the immune response of XXXX shrimp @entity12429 and its susceptibility to @entity36642 subsp. damselae.

entities_list: @entity12429 :: ('6687', 'Species') :: ['P. monodon', 'Penaeus monodon']

entities_list: @entity36394 :: ('85581', 'Species') :: ['Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae', 'P. damselae subsp. damselae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: To ascertain an optimum condition for detecting micronuclei in the liver caused by numerical aberration inducers, either carbendazim (125-1000mg/kg, p.o.), @entity3812 (0.375-1.5mg/kg, i.v.), @entity2389 (2.5-20mg/kg, i.v.), @entity3175 (3.13-25mg/kg, i.v.), @entity56677 (7.8-62.5mg/kg, i.v.), @entity1311 (1-100mg/kg, i.v.) or @entity11546 (18.75-150mg/kg, i.v.) was administered once to male Slc:ddY @entity19 1 day before or after partial hepatectomy (PH, Day 1). Five days after PH (on Day 6), hepatic micronuclei were determined in conjunction with classifications of the main nuclei and relative liver weights as a proliferative indicator or a dysfunction marker of cell division. Additionally, @entity9236 ( @entity9236 ) was calculated by using mono-, bi- and multinucleated cell counts. Treatment of @entity19 with six compounds, except for @entity3812 , after PH showed higher incidence of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNH) than that before PH, and also increases in binucleated and multinucleated cells. Especially for @entity9454 , @entity3175 , @entity56677 and @entity11546 , the dosing after PH was essential for the detecting numerical aberration. @entity3812 evidently increased @entity9236 and @entity1578 without MNH induction on Day 6. On Day 8 when @entity9236 and relative liver weights almost returned to the basal range, a significant increase in MNH was noted. This implied that the strong inhibition of @entity3812 on hepatocyte proliferation may obstruct the induction of MNH on Day 6. In conclusion, to detect the potential numerical aberration, exposure of @entity19 to test chemicals should be performed 1 day after PH, during which enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes was seen, and it would be better to analyze the liver specimens on Day 6 or more post-PH.

title: Optimum conditions for detecting hepatic micronuclei caused by numerical chromosome aberration inducers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlorfon']

entities_list: @entity56677 :: ('MESH:D009665', 'Chemical') :: ['noscapine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['decreased relative liver weights']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine', 'Colchicine']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'hepatocyte proliferation index']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Mast cells infiltrate kidneys of @entity1 with crescentic @entity631 ( @entity631 ), and the degree of infiltrate correlates with outcome. However, a functional role for mast cells in the pathogenesis of @entity631 remains speculative. @entity631 was induced by intravenous administration of sheep anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane globulin. After 21 d, systemic immune responses and disease severity were analyzed in wild-type, mast cell-deficient (W/Wv), and bone marrow-derived mast cell-reconstituted W/Wv @entity19 (BMMC-->W/Wv). There were no significant differences in the humoral response toward the nephritogenic antigen or in memory T cell number among the three groups; however, antigen-stimulated T cell @entity60 production was significantly elevated in BMMC-->W/Wv @entity19 . @entity56 in W/Wv @entity19 was reduced compared with wild-type and BMMC-->W/Wv @entity19 . No mast cells were detected in kidneys of W/Wv @entity19 with @entity631 , whereas in BMMC-->W/Wv @entity19 , the numbers of renal mast cells were similar to wild-type @entity19 with @entity631 . W/Wv @entity19 were protected from the development of crescentic @entity631 , exhibiting reduced crescent formation (10 +/- 1% c.f. 36 +/- 2% in wild type), glomerular influx of T cells/macrophages, and interstitial infiltrate compared with wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, BMMC-->W/Wv demonstrated a similar severity of @entity631 as wild-type @entity19 (35 +/- 2% crescentic glomeruli), accompanied by a prominent inflammatory cell infiltrate into glomeruli and interstitial areas. Glomerular expression of @entity8024 and P-selectin were reduced in W/Wv @entity19 but restored to wild-type levels in BMMC-->W/Wv @entity19 . These findings suggest that renal mast cells mediate crescentic @entity631 by facilitating effector cell recruitment into glomeruli via augmentation of adhesion molecule expression.

title: A pathogenetic role for mast cells in experimental crescentic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: Electrocardiographic changes and quantitative plasma drug levels associated with cyclic antidepressant ( @entity2974 ) @entity1445 have been the subject of many reports in the medical literature. Heart rate, QRS duration, QT interval, and most recently, the terminal 40 ms QRS (T40) @entity2270 have been reported to be valuable indicators in @entity2974 @entity1445 . The value of plasma drug levels and their ability to predict complications has been debated. To evaluate the discriminant and predictive abilities of ECG parameters and quantitative drug levels in a large series of @entity2974 @entity1445 , we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all @entity1445 @entity1 admitted to ICU in our facility during a 30-month study period. The @entity2974 -positive group (187) had statistically significant differences (P less than .001) from the @entity2974 -negative group (171) in heart rate, QRS duration, QTc, and T40 @entity2270 . However, none of these parameters could correctly classify more than 66% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the T40 @entity2270 were found to be only 29% and 83%, respectively. Correlation coefficients for plasma quantitative @entity2974 levels by ECG parameter yielded an R of less than .33 in all cases. QRS duration of 100 ms or more and heart rate of 100 or more, or @entity2974 level of 1,000 ng/mL or more, were present in all of a few @entity1 with complications. We conclude that ECG parameters cannot be relied on to include or exclude the diagnosis of @entity2974 @entity1445 and that @entity2974 levels do not correlate with ECG parameters.

title: Value of initial ECG findings and plasma drug levels in cyclic antidepressant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: The aim of the present research was to evaluate disk displacements (DDs) of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) among @entity1 referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and analyze the type and prevalence of @entity336 , gender, age, side distribution, reciprocal clicking, presence of @entity158 , range of mouth @entity717 , and dental condition. The sample comprised 113 @entity1 , 12-78 years old (the age average was 36.4 +/- 13.5 years), 92 females and 21 males, who underwent MRI between July 2001 and December 2002. A Signa Horizon system (GE) MRI scanner was used at a magnetic field magnitude of 1.5 T with a bilateral radiofrequency surface coil (6.5 x 6.5 cm). Twenty-three (20.4%) @entity1 were found to be normal, whereas 90 (79.7%) presented with @entity336 . Anterior @entity336 (61.1%) was the most common type of articular disk displacement. Males and females were equally affected (no statistically significant difference). We did not find a statistically significant association between @entity336 and increased age. @entity1621 (70%) was the most common @entity336 occurrence. We found a statistically significant association between reciprocal clicking and anterior @entity336 with reduction. We did not find a statistically significant association between @entity336 and @entity158 , be it articular or @entity158 , @entity7867 or @entity10 . We found a statistically significant association between anterior @entity336 without @entity3137 . With regard to oral condition, we did not find a statistically significant association between @entity336 and @entity393 .

title: Assessment of disk displacements of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of teeth']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['opening movement']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['cephalgia']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral DD']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and mouth opening limitation']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: We report the necropsy findings for three @entity1 with the unusual combination of proximal @entity8 and severe @entity409 with excessive @entity68 in several organs resembling @entity9595 . Two of the @entity1 were caucasian siblings and one was an Australian aborigine. One died in utero at 35 weeks of gestation and two died at 7 days. The liveborn @entity1 presented with @entity1696 and @entity1578 . The livers all showed marked loss of hepatocytes and replacement by pseudotubules in the collapsed lobules. The liveborn @entity1 also showed @entity7468 , small regenerative nodules, @entity1448 , and normal bile ducts. Absence of proximal renal convolutions was confirmed by epithelial membrane antigen positivity in nearly all tubules. In each family there was another sibling with @entity409 , fatal in one case, but no @entity8 . No @entity209 was uncovered in any of our @entity1 , and the cause of the hepatocyte destruction was not determined. The combination in three @entity1 of two rare @entity66 could be genetic or acquired in utero from the same etiological agent. Alternatively, the absence of proximal convolutions could be secondary to hypoperfusion, perhaps because of shock due to extensive @entity39 of hepatocytes.

title: XXXX associated with @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell transformation of hepatocytes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['congenital liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['infection or metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal proximal tubular dysgenesis']


abstract: Within the @entity1 immune system, natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the first line of defence against @entity5 . Their activity is regulated, in part, by cell surface NK cell receptors. NK receptors can be divided into two unrelated, but functionally analogous superfamilies based on the structure of their extracellular ligand-binding domains. Receptors belonging to the C-type lectin superfamily are predominantly encoded in the natural killer complex (NKC), while receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily are predominantly encoded in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). Natural killer cell receptors are emerging as a rapidly evolving gene family which can display significant intra- and interspecific variation. To date, most studies have focused on eutherian mammals, with significantly less known about the evolution of these receptors in marsupials. Here, we describe the identification of 43 immunoglobulin domain-containing LRC genes in the genome of the @entity22337 ( @entity22337 ), the largest remaining marsupial carnivore and only the second marsupial species to be studied. We also identify orthologs of NKC genes @entity55793 , CD69, @entity55794 , @entity55795 , @entity55796 and an ortholog of an opossum NKC receptor. Characterisation of these regions in a second, distantly related marsupial provides new insights into the dynamic evolutionary histories of these receptors in mammals. Understanding the functional role of these genes is also important for the development of therapeutic agents against Devil @entity5 , a contagious @entity5 that threatens the @entity22337 with extinction.

title: Identification of natural killer cell receptor genes in the genome of the marsupial @entity22337 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity22337 :: ('9305', 'Species') :: ['Sarcophilus harrisii', 'Tasmanian devil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Facial Tumour Disease', 'infectious agents and tumours', 'cancer']

answer: @entity22337 :: (9305,Species) :: ['Sarcophilus harrisii']


abstract: An adult @entity1 is described with recurrent @entity293 who developed @entity8 while under observation. Intravenous urography (I.V.U.) and renal arteriography were performed during an initial attack of @entity2885 and I.V.U.s were repeated at intervals during follow-up, when the @entity1 was having recurrent infections. Over 2 years the right kidney size diminished from 10.5 to 7.0 cm, the cortex became irregular and calyceal clubbing occurred. During a further 2 years, when on regular treatment, attacks became less frequent but left-sided symptoms predominated. Repeat I.V.U. at the end of this period showed that the left kidney size had reduced from 12 to 10 cm, again with the development of cortical irregularity and calyceal clubbing. Biochemical evidence of @entity8 developed. At no time were obstruction, reflux or associated pathology demonstrated and there was no history of analgesic abuse. Recurrent infection is suggested as the etiology of the @entity2318 .

title: Development of @entity8 in an adult with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: We studied fatigue and sleep in @entity2794 sufferers in comparison to age- and sex-matched controls. We determined the prevalence and intensity of fatigue as well as several sleep features. The study was conducted in a @entity10 center through the use of a questionnaire. One hundred thirteen @entity10 sufferers (59 @entity1 and 54 @entity1 ) and 110 controls (56 @entity1 and 54 @entity1 ) were included in the analysis. Fatigue was found to be equally common in the @entity10 sufferers (70.3%) and in the controls (60.0%). However, the @entity10 sufferers rated the intensity of their fatigue significantly higher (4.1 versus 2.8 cm on a 10-cm visual analog scale). When the sexes were considered separately, the difference in intensity of the fatigue between the two groups was significant only for the @entity1 (5.1 versus 3.0 cm). With regard to sleep, the @entity10 sufferers slept significantly shorter (6.7 hours) than the controls (7.0 hours). It also took them longer to fall asleep (31.4 versus 21.1 minutes) and @entity1643 after waking up at night (28.5 versus 14.6 minutes). When the sexes were considered separately, the differences in sleep features between the two groups were significant only for the @entity1 . On the basis of these results, we conclude that @entity2794 sufferers feel more tired, especially the @entity1 , and do not sleep as well at night, especially the @entity1 . Further study is necessary to determine the significance of these findings in relation to @entity2794 .

title: Fatigue and sleep in XXXX sufferers: an age- and sex-controlled questionnaire study.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['longer to fall back asleep']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache suffering', 'chronic headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the patterns and associations of @entity2690 regimens and change in regimens with clinical outcomes in a diverse population of @entity1 with recently diagnosed type 1 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of youth with type 1 @entity6 who completed a baseline SEARCH for @entity6 in Youth study visit after being newly diagnosed and at least one follow-up visit. Demographic, @entity6 self-management, physical, and laboratory measures were collected at study visits. @entity2690 regimens and change in regimen compared with the initial visit were categorized as @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ), no change (NC), or @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). We examined relationships between @entity2690 regimens, change in regimen, and outcomes including @entity3916 and fasting C-peptide. RESULTS: Of the 1,606 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 36 months, 51.7% changed to an @entity1213 regimen, 44.7% had NC, and 3.6% changed to an @entity1213 regimen. @entity1 who were younger, non-Hispanic white, and from families of higher income and parental education and who had private health insurance were more likely to be in @entity1213 or NC groups. Those in @entity1213 and NC groups had lower baseline @entity3916 (P = 0.028) and smaller increase in @entity3916 over time than @entity1213 (P < 0.01). Younger age, continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 pump therapy, and change to @entity1213 were associated with higher probability of achieving target @entity3916 levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2690 regimens were intensified over time in over half of @entity1 but varied by sociodemographic domains. As @entity1213 regimens were associated with better outcomes, early intensification of management may improve outcomes in all @entity1 with @entity6 . Although intensification of @entity2690 regimen is preferred, choice of @entity2690 regimen must be individualized based on the @entity1 and family's ability to comply with the prescribed plan.

title: @entity2690 regimens and clinical outcomes in a type 1 XXXX cohort: the SEARCH for @entity6 in Youth study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['more intensive', 'LI', 'MI', 'less intensive']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 to our hospital because of the swelling of lymph nodes in the right inguinal region. Eighteen months before, right lower lobectomy was performed for primary @entity2 ( @entity4937 ). In September 1986, she noticed the swelling of lymph no does in the right inguinal region and low grade fever. At first she was suspected to have a @entity3 of the @entity2 . Lymph node biopsy was performed. The pathological examination revealed @entity3298 with @entity738 change, and Gram-negative Warthin Starry stain positive rods were found. In addition, she admitted a history of keeping @entity468 fourteen years. Therefore the diagnosis of @entity11102 was made. Six months later, she became free of the associated symptoms. We feel pathological confirmation of suspicious lymph nodes is important in the treatment of @entity1 with history of @entity5 .

title: [A case report of @entity11102 which mimicked a @entity3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['purulent lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the management and outcome of late-onset @entity130 dislocation of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. @entity1 : Four @entity1 with late-onset @entity2735 occurring after mechanical @entity130 at various intervals (10 days-2 months) after the procedure. INTERVENTION: In all cases of postoperative @entity130 @entity2735 , the flap was refloated with scraping and irrigation of the underlying stromal bed within 12 hours of the injury. A bandage contact lens was placed, and a regimen including topical antibiotics and @entity288 was instituted in all cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and complications associated with the surgery were monitored. RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up ranged from 4 to 21 months. Nonprogressive @entity2543 was noted in one @entity1 and @entity1036 developed in another @entity1 . All @entity1 recovered pretrauma spectacle-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal LASIK flaps are prone to mechanical dislocation as late as 2 months after the procedure. Appropriate management results in recovery of optimal visual outcomes.

title: Late XXXX dislocation of laser in situ keratomileusis corneal flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['LASIK flap dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic']


abstract: A 65-year-old house-wife developed dirty @entity1910 on her face in April, 1989. Almost simultaneously, she complained of @entity925 and @entity425 on both lower extremities. Pathological findings of the skin biopsy at that time was consistent with those of @entity370 with moderate @entity32 . In December, 1989, when she was admitted to our hospital, her lower extremities were paretic with marked @entity508 , and mild @entity1494 was noted. HTLV-I antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated. Biopsied limb skeletal muscle revealed the findings of the @entity121 with small @entity32 in endomysium. HLA haplotypes showed A24, B7, @entity54515 , CW7, CW8, @entity5958 and @entity4107 which show relatively common types of those in @entity3498 . Corticosteroid treatments including the @entity1667 pulse therapy healed the @entity272 , but did not improve her neurological signs. @entity451 and urinary disturbance were progressive. It is concluded that the inflammatory @entity121 with @entity3498 in this @entity1 may be caused by a common abnormal immunological background.

title: [HTLV-I associated myelopathy ( @entity3498 ) and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous rash']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle soreness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['sarcoid myopathy']


abstract: The @entity2235 small tumor antigen (small t) specifically interacts with protein phosphatase type 2A ( @entity4333 ) in vivo and alters its catalytic activity in vitro. Among the substrates for @entity4333 in vitro are the activated forms of @entity8047 and ERK kinases. Dephosphorylation of the activating phosphorylation sites on @entity8047 and ERKs by @entity4333 in vitro results in a decrease in their respective kinase activities. Recently, it has been shown that overexpression of small t in CV-1 cells results in an inhibition of @entity4333 activity toward @entity8047 and @entity3963 and a constitutive upregulation of @entity8047 and @entity3963 activity. Previously, we have observed that overexpression of either @entity12206 , @entity12363 , or a constitutively active truncated form of @entity17147 (BXB) is insufficient to activate AP-1 in REF52 fibroblasts. We therefore examined whether overexpression of small t either alone or in conjunction with @entity12206 , @entity12363 , or BXB could activate AP-1. We found that coexpression of small t and either @entity12206 , @entity12363 , or BXB resulted in an increase in AP-1 activity, whereas expression of either small t or any of the kinases alone did not have any effect. Similarly, coexpression of small t and @entity12206 activated serum response element-regulated promoters. Coexpression of kinase-deficient mutants of @entity12206 and @entity3963 inhibited the activation of AP-1 caused by expression of small t and either @entity12363 or BXB. Coexpression of an interfering @entity8047 , which inhibited AP-1 activation by small t and BXB, did not inhibit the activation of AP-1 caused by small t and @entity12206 . In contrast to REF52 cells, we observed that overexpression of either small or @entity12206 alone in CV-1 cells was sufficient to stimulate AP-1 activity and that this stimulation was not enhanced by expression of small t and @entity12206 together. These results show that the effects of small t on immediate-early gene expression depend on the cell type examined and suggest that the mitogen-activated protein kinase activation pathway is distinctly regulated in different cell types.

title: XXXX small t antigen cooperates with mitogen-activated kinases to stimulate AP-1 activity.

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['Simian virus 40']


abstract: This study describes the spectrum of appearances of @entity201 on magnetic resonance (MR) sequences, including @entity2287 -enhanced, fat-suppressed spoiled gradient echo images and MR cholangiography. Fifteen @entity1 were included in the study. Histologic diagnosis was established in 11 @entity1 by surgical resection (6 @entity1 ), percutaneous biopsy (4 @entity1 ), and open liver biopsy (1 @entity1 ). The final diagnosis was determined by correlation of the MR findings with cholangiographic studies and laboratory studies in 4 @entity1 . MR studies were performed at 1.5 T, and the following sequences were obtained: T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo or SGE, T2-weighted fat-suppressed conventional or turbo spin echo, MR cholangiography, and @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed SGE images. The following determinations were made: @entity5 location, @entity5 extent, ductal dilatation, ductal wall thickness, signal intensity, enhancement pattern, and associated findings. Mass-like @entity5 were peripheral (6 @entity1 ), hilar (1 @entity1 ), and extrahepatic (2 @entity1 ). Circumferential @entity5 were hilar (2 @entity1 ) and extrahepatic (4 @entity1 ). All peripheral @entity5 were multifocal. Mass-like @entity5 were well-defined, rounded, and ranged from 1 to 14 cm in diameter. Circumferential @entity5 had less well-defined margins and measured from 3 to 15 mm in thickness. All mass-like @entity5 were moderately hypointense on T1-weighted images and mildly to moderately hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The circumferential @entity5 were iso- to moderately hypointense on T1-weighted images and iso- to mildly hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Mass-like @entity5 were generally well shown on non-contrast and immediate @entity2287 -enhanced images, whereas circumferential @entity5 were poorly seen on non-contrast images and best shown on @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed images. The degree of enhancement ranged from minimal to intense on immediate @entity2287 -enhanced images, with all @entity5 becoming more homogeneous in signal intensity on images obtained between 1 and 5 min following contrast administration. Tumor-containing lymph nodes greater than or equal to 1 cm in diameter were demonstrated in 11 out of 15 @entity1 (73.3%). These were best shown on T2-weighted fat-suppressed images and @entity2287 -enhanced fat-suppressed SGE images. MR cholangiography demonstrated the level of obstruction and degree of dilatation of the proximal biliary system in 5 out of 6 @entity1 who underwent MR cholangiography. The spectrum of appearances of @entity201 is demonstrable on MR images. Mass-like @entity5 are well shown on both pre- and post- @entity2287 sequences. Circumferential @entity5 may cause minimally increased duct wall thickness and are most clearly shown on @entity2287 -enhanced fat-suppressed SGE images obtained 1 to 5 min following @entity2287 administration.

title: XXXX : spectrum of appearances on MR images using current techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The role of excimer laser angioplasty in treating @entity453 remains uncertain. A randomized trial comparing this new technology with @entity661 cannot be designed until systematic analysis identifies the lesion types that are likely to benefit from treatment with excimer laser angioplasty. In a cohort of 764 @entity1 who had 858 coronary stenoses treated with excimer laser-facilitated angioplasty, relative risk analysis was used to examine acute success, complications and @entity256 rates, and the results were compared with those of @entity661 to identify the lesion types that show the greatest benefit with the new treatment. Clinical success was achieved in 657 @entity1 (86%), as indicated by < or = 50% residual stenosis and no in-hospital complication. A major in-hospital complication ( @entity204 , bypass surgery, or Q-wave or non-Q-wave @entity583 ) occurred in 58 @entity1 (7.6%). Follow-up angiography was obtained in 70% of eligible @entity1 . Combining angiographic and noninvasive @entity256 rates yielded an overall @entity256 rate of 46%. Relative risk analysis showed that major complications occurred frequently in lesions at an arterial bifurcation (odds ratio [OR] 5.96 [2.76, 12.6]; p = 0.001). However, certain complex lesions that are difficult to treat with @entity661 (saphenous vein graft lesions, lesions > 10 mm, @entity75 , calcified stenoses, total occlusions and @entity384 ), analyzed together as a group, had lower complication rates by univariate (OR 0.59 [0.35, 1.00]; p = 0.051) and multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.006) analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical success, complications and XXXX rates with excimer laser coronary angioplasty. The Percutaneous Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ostial lesions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['unsuccessful balloon dilatations']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['complex coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) enables precise recordings from deep cortical structures, multiple noncontiguous lobes, as well as bilateral explorations while avoiding large craniotomies. Despite a long reported successful record, its application in the United States has not been widely adopted. We report on our initial experience with the SEEG methodology in the extraoperative mapping of @entity1625 in @entity1 who were not considered optimal surgical candidates for other methods of invasive monitoring. We focused on the applied surgical technique and its utility and efficacy in this subgroup of @entity1 . METHODS: Between March 2009 and May 2011, 100 @entity1 with the diagnosis of medically @entity1625 who were not considered optimal candidates for subdural grids and strips placement underwent SEEG implantation at Cleveland @entity302 . Demographics, noninvasive clinical data, number and location of implanted electrodes, electrophysiologic localization of the @entity302 zone, complications, and short-term @entity410 outcome after resection were prospectively collected and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: Mean age was 32 years (range 5-68 years); 54 were male and 46 female. The mean follow-up after resection was 15 months. In total, 1,310 electrodes were implanted. Analyses of the SEEG recordings resulted in the electrographic localization of the epileptogenic focus in 96 @entity1 . In the group of 75 @entity1 who underwent resection, only 53 had at least 12 months follow-up. From this group, 33 @entity1 (62.3%) were @entity410 -free at the end of the follow-up period. The presence of abnormal pathologic finding was strongly associated with postoperative @entity410 control (p = 0.005). The risk of @entity548 complications per electrode was 0.2%. SIGNIFICANCE: In @entity1 who are not considered to be ideal candidates for subdural grids and strips implantation, the SEEG methodology is a safe, useful and reliable alternative option for invasive monitoring in @entity1 with @entity1625 , providing an additional mean for @entity410 localization and control in a "difficult to localize" subgroup of @entity1 .

title: Stereoelectroencephalography in the "difficult to localize" XXXX : early experience from a North American @entity302 center.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['refractory focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Clinic Epilepsy Center', 'epileptic']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['refractory focal epilepsy']


abstract: A 63-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity400 and somnolence, followed soon by @entity772 . @entity417 and @entity2479 were observed. The blood smear exhibited rouleaux formation and leukoerythroblastosis. A @entity236 resulted in dry tap. The biopsy specimens revealed remarkable infiltration of @entity1582 cells with @entity82 . The M-component of IgG-lambda type and @entity2915 were detected in the serum. Liver and renal functions, however, were within normal range. His consciousness recovered after plasmapheresis. Two courses of VMCP ( @entity1891 , @entity3601 , @entity4408 and @entity617 ) did not affect the @entity1581 . Five courses of VAD ( @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity619 ) could lower the level of IgG. He died of @entity55 . The plasma of some @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 may contain unidentified factors which increase the plasma @entity3265 .

title: [ @entity772 , hyperviscosity syndrome, hyperammonemia and myelofibrosis in a patient with IgG, lambda type multiple XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4408 :: ('MESH:D002225', 'Chemical') :: ['carboquone']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-ammonemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: 1. Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were used to study voltage-activated transient @entity972 currents in a large sample (n = 143) of granule cells (GrC) from @entity35 cerebellar slices. @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ; 0.1 microM) was used to block @entity1372 currents, while @entity460 current was too small to be seen under ordinary conditions. 2. Depolarizing pulses from -50 mV evoked a slow, sustained outward current, developing with a time constant of 10 ms, inactivating over a time scale of seconds and which could be suppressed by 20 mM @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ). By preventing the @entity141 inflow, this slow outward current could be further separated into a @entity141 -dependent and a @entity141 -independent component. 3. After conditioning hyperpolarizations to potentials negative to -60 mV, depolarizations elicited transient outward current, peaking in 1-2 ms and inactivating rapidly (approximately 10 ms at 20 degrees C), showing the overall kinetic characteristics of the A-current (IA). The current activated following third-order kinetics and showed a maximal conductance of 12 nS per cell, corresponding to a normalized conductance of 3.8 nS/pF. 4. IA was insensitive to @entity1041 and to the @entity141 -channel blockers. @entity973 (4-AP) reduced the A-current amplitude by approximately 20%, and the delayed outward currents by > 80%. 5. Voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation of peak IA was described by a Boltzmann function with a slope factor of 8.4 mV and half-inactivation occurring at -78.8 mV. Activation of IA was characterized by a Boltzmann curve with the midpoint at -46.7 mV and with a slope factor of 19.8 mV. 6. IA activation and inactivation was best fitted by the Hodgkin-Huxley m3h formalism. The rate of activation, tau a, was voltage-dependent, and had values ranging from 0.55 ms at -40 mV to 0.2 ms at +50 mV. Double-pulse experiment showed that development and removal of inactivation followed a single-exponential time course; the inactivation time constant, tau ha, was markedly voltage-dependent and ranged from approximately 10 ms at -40 and -100 mV and 70 ms at -70 mV. 7. A set of continuous equations has been developed describing the voltage-dependence of both the steady-state and time constant of activation and inactivation processes, allowing a satisfactory numerical reconstruction of the A-current over the physiologically significant membrane voltage range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Kinetic study and numerical reconstruction of A-type current in granule cells of XXXX cerebellar slices.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This study aimed to identify factors that influence changes in satisfaction with quality of life (QOL) of @entity161 @entity1 . Baseline and follow up data for 148 @entity161 @entity1 were obtained at hospital admission and 16 months later. Relationships between changes over time in the general QOL index, and various factors were investigated using factor, multiple regression, and partial correlation analyses. Findings indicate that baseline levels of activation symptoms, @entity147 , task oriented coping, self-esteem and friend support together explain 41% of the variability in the general QOL index 16 months later. Changes in the general QOL of @entity161 @entity1 over time is associated with anergia, and paranoid symptoms, @entity147 , side effects, self-esteem, emotion and avoidance related coping styles, expressed emotion, and other social support. Determinants of change in QOL of @entity1 were different being in hospital or out of hospital in the real world. No significant association of age, education, and follow up duration, with general QOL. Based on obtained data three types of overlapping factors were defined: (1) distressing, and protective; (2) primary and secondary; and (3) factors that remained constant or changed over time. Presented data are discussed within the framework of the Distress/Protection model of QOL. The conceptualization of three types of factors influencing QOL outcomes in this model demonstrates their predictive value, and may assist investigators and mental health workers in the interpretation of QOL data that may be used to improve @entity1 ' QOL outcomes.

title: Determinants of changes in perceived quality of life in the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity867 is a focal, @entity1779 that begins as a localized area of @entity75 and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. @entity1 with @entity299 are at risk of developing @entity867 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens for treating @entity867 in @entity1 with @entity299 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 2, MEDLINE (January 1966 to June 2006), EMBASE (January 1998 to June 2006), and LILACS (accessed in June 2006). No language or publication restrictions were used. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that reported clinically meaningful outcomes and presented results on an intention to treat basis, irrespective of blinding, publication status, or language. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to be extracted, unblinded, by the two reviewers independently. The search identified 489 articles of which 152 were articles on @entity867 . Most of the articles were case series and case reports. MAIN RESULTS: No studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are no randomized controlled trials about the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens for treating @entity1 with @entity299 who developed a @entity867 . Currently, the antibiotic regimens used are based on previous retrospective studies and clinical experience. There is a need for a well designed multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of different antibiotic regimens.

title: Antibiotics for brain abscesses in XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'Brain abscess']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we have investigated whether secreted factors from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could reprogramme keratinocytes and increase their potential to be directed into alternative cell lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contact and non-contact co-cultures of skin keratinocytes and @entity19 ESCs were used initially to confirm any reprogramming ability of ESC-conditioned medium (CM). Immunofluoresence was used to assess nuclear expression of @entity11824 ( @entity11824 ), as well as to confirm neuronal protein expression in neuroectodermally directed keratinocytes. Transcript expression changes were evaluated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting, accompanied by densitometry analysis, was used to evaluate protein expression following morphology changes. RESULTS: We found that keratinocytes treated with ESC-CM changed their morphology and were stimulated to express the pluripotency regulator, @entity11824 , and its target transcripts, @entity14231 , @entity14230 , @entity16461 and @entity14232 . We demonstrate that at least one of the reprogramming factors is @entity7739 ( @entity7739 ). Pre-treated keratinocytes could be specifically directed to differentiate into cells of the neuronal lineage. The majority of responsive keratinocytes were the epidermal stem cell population, with a small percentage of transit-amplifying cells also being affected. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ESC-CM contains a number of factors, including @entity7739 , which are capable of reprogramming @entity19 skin keratinocytes to make them more developmentally potent, as evidenced by their ability to be re-differentiated into cells of the neuronal lineage. Our findings also imply a continuum of differentiation within the basal keratinocyte population. An increase in developmental potential combined with directed differentiation could increase the therapeutic relevancy of somatic cells.

title: Skin keratinocytes pre-treated with embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium or XXXX can be directed to an alternative cell lineage.

entities_list: @entity7739 :: ('12159(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic factor-4', 'BMP4']

answer: @entity7739 :: (12159(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BMP4']


abstract: @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) treatment is painful, and cosmetic results are often unsatisfying. @entity4580 has been reported to be effective in treatment of @entity4536 caused by @entity8436 . The efficacy of @entity4580 was compared with @entity17004 in treatment of Old @entity4536 . Of 49 @entity1 , 22 received 500 mg/day @entity4580 for 5 days/month. Treatment cycles were repeated monthly to a maximum of 4 months; 27 @entity1 received 60 mg/kg intramuscular @entity17004 for 20 days. Both groups were followed up for 16 weeks. In the @entity4580 group, 2 @entity1 withdrew because of @entity1109 . The response rates of 20 @entity1 (29 lesions) were as follows: full improvement, 10.3%; partial improvement, 27.6%; and 62.1%, no response. In the @entity17004 group with 27 @entity1 (58 lesions), these rates were 34.4%, 13.8%, and 51.7%, respectively (P = 0.036). @entity4580 was determined to be not as effective as @entity17004 in treatment of Old World @entity4536 .

title: Efficacy of @entity4580 versus systemic @entity17004 ( @entity17004 ) in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucantime', 'meglumine antimoniate', 'glucantime']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['World leishmaniasis', 'Cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania viannia braziliensis']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: Upstream events that trigger initiation of cell division, at a point called START in @entity375 , determine the overall rates of cell proliferation. The identity and complete sequence of those events remain unknown. Previous studies relied mainly on cell size changes to identify systematically genes required for the timely completion of START. Here, we evaluated panels of non-essential single gene deletion strains for altered DNA content by flow cytometry. This analysis revealed that most gene deletions that altered cell cycle progression did not change cell size. Our results highlight a strong requirement for ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis for initiation of cell division. We also identified numerous factors that have not been previously implicated in cell cycle control mechanisms. We found that CBS, which catalyzes the synthesis of @entity3959 from @entity563 and @entity1255 , advances START in two ways: by promoting cell growth, which requires CBS's catalytic activity, and by a separate function, which does not require CBS's catalytic activity. CBS defects cause disease in @entity1 , and in animals CBS has vital, non-catalytic, unknown roles. Hence, our results may be relevant for @entity1 biology. Taken together, these findings significantly expand the range of factors required for the timely initiation of cell division. The systematic identification of non-essential regulators of cell division we describe will be a valuable resource for analysis of cell cycle progression in @entity375 and other organisms.

title: A systematic analysis of cell cycle regulators in XXXX reveals that most factors act independently of cell size to control initiation of division.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: @entity11034 is a rare condition in childhood. Most of the reported cases have been acute and secondary in type with predisposing factors. Between 1965 and 1988, 49 @entity1 were treated at this institution for chronic @entity11034 . @entity1 were divided further into two groups according to age at admission. The main symptom was @entity391 in the neonatal and infantile group, whereas it was @entity1661 , @entity391 , @entity353 , or @entity1142 in the older age group. This clinical feature was different from that of @entity11034 in which the symptoms resulted from @entity356 . Plain film of the abdomen showed no characteristic findings. Contrast study of upper gastrointestinal series showed findings similar to those of the acute @entity3313 , but the extent or degree was less significant. Conservative treatment was successfully undertaken for the @entity1 in the neonatal and infantile group just by keeping them in prone position. The rationale for this method was demonstrated by the clinical and radiological improvement. Fundic gastropexy was performed in all of 18 @entity1 of the older age group and in one of 31 @entity1 of the neonatal and infantile group. The operative results were satisfactory except for one @entity1 with @entity1032 . In Japan, neonates or @entity1 are customarily nursed in the supine position. This is presumed to be a reason why the chronic @entity11034 is frequently noticed.

title: XXXX in infancy and childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11034 :: ('MESH:D013277', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastric volvulus', 'Gastric volvulus', 'idiopathic gastric volvulus']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric obstruction']

answer: @entity11034 :: (MESH:D013277,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic gastric volvulus']


abstract: An @entity3347 was induced in @entity35 by repeated @entity1286 administration and final @entity1510 injection. The withdrawal causes alteration of several physiological signs. The aim of the study was to prevent the altered physiological profiles by utilising @entity15718 . @entity1286 was administered in three daily i.p. injections for 4 days at doses of 9, 16 and 25 mg/kg (1st day), 25, 25 and 50 mg/kg (2nd day), 50, 50 and 50 mg/kg (3rd day) and 50, 50 and 100 mg/kg (4th day). @entity1510 was injected (30 mg/kg) i.p. 180 min after the last @entity1286 injection. @entity15718 was administered orally at 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, 120 min before the @entity1510 administration. Signs like @entity644 , rectal temperature and @entity158 threshold levels, salivation, jumping and wet @entity235 shakes were affected in different ways. Notably the administration of @entity15718 in @entity35 receiving @entity1286 together with @entity1510 decreased the intensity of certain withdrawal symptoms, such as excretion of faeces, wet @entity235 shake behaviour, and elevated the nociceptive threshold values. The effects exhibited by @entity15718 administration may be explained through its @entity460 antagonist activity interfering with a mechanism involved in the regulation of these previously mentioned withdrawal symptoms. The use of this drug is thus suggested as a possible control of some acute opioid withdrawal signs in @entity4521 addicts.

title: Effects exerted by XXXX administration on precipitated @entity3347 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['opioid withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['faecal and urine excretion']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15718 :: ('MESH:C013934', 'Chemical') :: ['otilonium bromide', 'Otilonium bromide']

answer: @entity15718 :: (MESH:C013934,Chemical) :: ['otilonium bromide']


abstract: In the United States and Europe, the combination of oral UFT plus @entity4181 has been reported to produce objective responses and survival rates similar to those achieved with standard intravenous @entity1487 plus @entity4181 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 , with reduced @entity137 . However, because knowledge and experience with UFT plus @entity4181 are relatively limited in Japan, we conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination in Japanese @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . For the purposes of this study, 20 @entity1 received oral UFT 400 mg/m2/day in two divided doses (q 12 h) and a 5-mg tablet of @entity4181 (q 8 h). Treatment was administered for 5 days, followed by a 2-day rest period, for a 28-day cycle. There were six partial responses (30%) and one complete response (5%) (overall response rate, 35%; 95% confidence interval, 14.1% to 55.9%). Greater efficacy of UFT plus @entity4181 was demonstrated in @entity1 with lung metastases, with a response rate of 63% (five of eight @entity1 ). @entity1 received a median of 4.5 courses (range, 2 to 12) of therapy. The median duration of survival was 228+ days (range, 81 to 540; six @entity1 remain alive). Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 occurred in three @entity1 : @entity294 in two and @entity33 in one. No @entity137 -related hospitalization was reported. In summary, this combination showed promising activity and an acceptable @entity137 profile in the treatment of Japanese @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 .

title: UFT plus XXXX for metastatic @entity14 : Japanese experience.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 in low-income settings suffering from frequent @entity294 episodes are also at a high risk of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ). We explored whether this is due to common risk factors for both conditions or whether @entity294 can increase the risk of @entity1729 directly. METHODS: We used a dynamic time-to-event analysis of data from two large @entity1 studies in low-income settings in Ghana and Brazil, with the cumulative @entity294 prevalence over 2 weeks as the exposure and severe @entity1729 as outcome. The analysis was adjusted for baseline risk of @entity1729 and @entity294 , seasonality and age. RESULTS: The @entity1 population from Ghana had a much higher risk of @entity294 , @entity3147 and @entity204 than the @entity1 in Brazil. In the data from Ghana, every additional day of @entity294 within 2 weeks increased the risk of @entity1729 by a factor of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00-1.15). In addition, we found a roughly linear relationship between the number of @entity294 days over the last 28 days and the risk of @entity1729 . In the Ghana data, 26% of @entity1729 episodes may be due to recent exposure to @entity294 . The Brazilian data gave no evidence for an association between @entity294 and @entity1729 . CONCLUSION: @entity294 may contribute substantially to the burden of @entity1729 in malnourished @entity1 populations.

title: Recent diarrhoeal illness and risk of lower @entity1729 in XXXX under the age of 5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['ALRI', 'acute lower respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity51869 ( @entity51869 ) is assumed to behave as an anti-aging factor. Recently, we have demonstrated that deficiency of @entity51869 exacerbates angiotensin II-induced @entity1283 , @entity409 and remodeling, suggesting that @entity51869 may have a protective role in the heart. Thus, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that up-regulation of @entity51869 inhibits @entity299 in response to angiotensin II. METHODS: We generated @entity19 with cardiac-specific overexpression of @entity51869 gene using a-myosin heavy chain promoter. @entity19 and wild-type littermate @entity19 were subjected to continuous angiotensin II infusion (800 ng/kg/min). RESULTS: After 14 days, heart weight and left ventricular weight were lower in @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 , although blood pressure was similarly elevated during angiotensin II infusion. @entity1283 and @entity67 in response to angiotensin II were prevented in @entity19 compared with wild-type @entity19 . The degree of cardiac @entity82 by angiotensin II was lower in @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 . @entity11502 -induced generation of @entity224 and subsequent cellular senescence were attenuated in transgenic @entity19 hearts compared with wild-type @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac-specific overexpression of @entity51869 inhibited angiotensin II-induced @entity299 . @entity51869 has a cardio-protective role with anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects and could be a novel therapeutic target to prevent @entity1283 and remodeling due to @entity101 .

title: XXXX inhibits angiotensin II-induced @entity1283 and @entity67 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac adverse remodeling']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity51869 :: (19733(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Senescence marker protein 30']


abstract: The 16 EphA and EphB receptors represent the largest family of receptor @entity669 kinases, and their interactions with 9 ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands initiate bidirectional signals controlling many physiological and pathological processes. Most interactions occur between receptor and ephrins of the same class, and only @entity8115 can bind all A and B ephrins. To understand the structural and dynamic principles that enable Eph receptors to utilize the same jellyroll b-sandwich fold to bind ephrins, the VAPB-MSP domain, peptides and small molecules, we have used crystallography, NMR and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations to determine the first structure and dynamics of the @entity55106 @entity6340 ( @entity6340 ), which only binds ephrin-A ligands. Unexpectedly, despite being unbound, the high affinity ephrin-binding pocket of @entity55106 resembles that of other Eph receptors bound to ephrins, with a helical conformation over the J-K loop and an open pocket. The openness of the pocket is further supported by NMR @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange data and @entity74 simulations. Additionally, the @entity55106 @entity6340 undergoes significant picosecond-nanosecond conformational exchanges over the loops, as revealed by NMR and @entity74 simulations, but lacks global conformational exchanges on the microsecond-millisecond time scale. This is markedly different from the @entity8115 @entity6340 , which shares 74% sequence identity and 87% homology. Consequently, the unbound @entity55106 @entity6340 appears to comprise an ensemble of open conformations that have only small variations over the loops and appear ready to bind ephrin-A ligands. These findings show how two proteins with high sequence homology and structural similarity are still able to achieve distinctive binding specificities through different dynamics, which may represent a general mechanism whereby the same protein fold can serve for different functions. Our findings also suggest that a promising strategy to design agonists/antagonists with high affinity and selectivity might be to target specific dynamic states of the Eph receptor LBDs.

title: Unique structure and dynamics of the XXXX ligand binding domain mediate its binding specificity as revealed by X-ray crystallography, NMR and @entity74 simulations.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['LBD', 'ligand-binding domain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity55106 :: (2044,Gene) :: ['EphA5']


abstract: 1 The receptors involved in mediating the haemodynamic effects of three @entity29235 /D receptor agonists were investigated in pentobarbitone anaesthetized @entity35 (n = 6-17 per group). 2 Cumulative intravenous (i.v.) infusions of @entity12793 and @entity9251 (from 0.63 to 2500 microg kg(-1); each dose over 5 min) induced dose-dependent and marked @entity551 (-42+/-6 and -34+/-4 mmHg at the highest dose, respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle: +5+/-3 mmHg) and @entity1168 (-85+/-16 and -44+/-12 beats min(-1) at the highest dose, respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle: +16+/-6 beats min(-1)). Zolmitriptan evoked only moderate @entity551 at the highest dose (-19+/-9 mmHg; P<0.05 vs vehicle). 3 A high dose of the @entity29235 /D receptor antagonist, @entity28262 (0.63 mg kg(-1), i.v.), failed to antagonize the @entity551 and @entity1168 evoked by @entity9251 (-35+/-6 mmHg and -52+/-19 beats min(-1), respectively; both not significant vs @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ), but moderately reduced the @entity551 and @entity1168 evoked by @entity12793 (-20+/-5 mmHg and -30+/-17 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). 4 The selective @entity10463 receptor antagonist, @entity10098 (0.16 and 0.63 mg kg(-1), i.v.), dose-dependently attenuated the haemodynamic responses evoked by @entity12793 and @entity9251 , which were almost abolished by the higher dose of @entity10098 (-4+/-3 mmHg and -15+/-8 beats min(-1); both not significant vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). A slight but statistically significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) persisted at the highest dose of @entity9251 (-13+/-4 mmHg following the higher dose of @entity10098 ; P<0.05 vs vehicle). 5 In pithed @entity35 with MAP normalized by @entity1808 , @entity12793 failed to induce @entity551 or @entity1168 (+5+/-4 mmHg and -6+/-16 beats min(-1), respectively; both NS vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). Similarly, @entity9251 failed to induce @entity1168 in pithed @entity35 (+5+/-6 beats min(-1); not significant vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ), whereas a slight but statistically significant reduction in MAP, compared to controls, occurred at the highest dose (-9+/-9 mmHg; P<0.05 vs both vehicle and @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ). 6 In bilaterally vagotomized and @entity3897 -treated (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) @entity35 , the reductions in MAP and heart rate evoked by @entity12793 (-31+/-4 mmHg and -64+/-9 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and not significant vs @entity12793 in controls) and @entity9251 (-47+/-8 mmHg and -56+/-10 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and not significant vs @entity9251 in controls) were not statistically significantly different from those observed in controls. 7 In conclusion, the @entity29235 /D receptor agonists, @entity12793 and @entity9251 , elicit @entity551 and @entity1168 in the normotensive anaesthetized @entity35 predominantly via activation of central @entity10463 receptors, and a consequent reduction in sympathetic outflow.

title: Pharmacological analysis of the haemodynamic effects of @entity29235 /D receptor agonists in the normotensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity12793 :: ('MESH:C093622', 'Chemical') :: ['rizatriptan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of prolonged anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) therapy in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ); to compare the @entity79 changes to those observed in @entity1691 @entity1 not treated with anti- @entity2874 ; and to identify the predictors of these changes. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1691 according to the @entity5145 Study Group criteria who were treated with anti- @entity2874 therapy for at least 4 years were included. Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1691 from an international longitudinal observational study (OASIS cohort) were used as a control group. Lumbar spine and hip @entity79 were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline, after 1 year, and after at least 4 years. RESULTS: Over an average 6.5 years' followup, the increase in @entity79 was 11.8% (   12.8%) at the lumbar spine (p < 0.0001) and 3.6% (   9.3%) at the great trochanter (p = 0.0001) in @entity1 treated with anti- @entity2874 . At the lumbar spine, the increase was similar in @entity1 with and those without syndesmophytes. @entity79 changes were significantly higher in the anti- @entity2874 group than in the control group at lumbar spine (p < 0.0001), at femoral neck (p = 0.002), and at trochanter (p = 0.011), but not at total hip (p = 0.062). Multivariate analysis showed that the predictors of lumbar spine @entity79 changes in the total population were the use of anti- @entity2874 (p < 0.0001) and, in the anti- @entity2874 therapy group, the 1-year lumbar spine @entity79 change (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: This study shows that prolonged anti- @entity2874 therapy increases lumbar spine and trochanter @entity79 . This effect should be taken into account before introducing antiosteoporotic treatment in these @entity1 .

title: Increase in bone density in XXXX with @entity1691 during anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor therapy: 6-year followup study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis', 'SpA']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['European Spondylarthropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity242 of the nose and paranasal sinuses are rare @entity5 . Key issues remain unresolved in the management of these @entity5 , particularly with regard to the role of radiotherapy. To help clarify these issues, 48 consecutive cases of nasal and paranasal @entity50 treated at the University of California, Los Angeles, between 1958 and 1988 were retrospectively reviewed. Six of 16 @entity1 managed initially with surgery alone were cured. All had negative surgical margins and 5 of the 6 had low-grade @entity5 . Of 5 @entity1 with high-grade lesions treated with surgery only, 1 was rendered free of disease. Twelve @entity1 with positive surgical margins were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy; 5 were cured with this approach. Grade and surgical margin status were found to be significantly related to outcome for @entity242 . There were 14 @entity1 with @entity980 ; 3 were cured with modern combined-modality therapy. @entity1 with positive surgical margins should be treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical therapy is effective for low-grade lesions that are completely excised.

title: XXXX and paranasal sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal sarcoma', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcomas of the nasal cavity']


abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of total contact casts based on wound location in groups of @entity1 with @entity6 with @entity1109 @entity1066 under the forefoot and @entity1 with midfoot @entity1066 associated with acute @entity13144 . Twenty-five consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with Meggitt-Wagner grade I @entity1411 ( @entity1411 ) and 22 consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1109 @entity1066 and acute @entity13144 (CU) were selected for study. Larger wounds took longer to heal in both the CU (p < 0.0001) and @entity1411 groups (p < 0.0001). Duration of @entity1066 prior to treatment also was significantly associated with increased healing time in both groups (p = 0.008 @entity1411 , p = 0.03 CU). The CU group had larger wounds (10.3 +/- 4.6 vs 7.7 +/- 4.0 cm2, p = 0.04) but took significantly less time to heal (28.4 +/- 13.0 vs 38.8 +/- 21.3 days, p = 0.04) than did subjects with @entity1109 @entity1066 only. The @entity1411 group had their ulcers present for a significantly longer period of time prior to contact casting (88.5 +/- 98.3 vs 17.7 +/- 12.9 days, p = 0.001). In this study, subjects with @entity1066 secondary to acute Charcot @entity174 healed more rapidly than in previous reports with healing times of forefoot @entity1066 similar to previous studies. Every @entity1 's @entity1066 healed. There were no cast-related @entity1066 , @entity281 , or hospitalizations. Concerns regarding the safety of total contact casts to treat well-vascularized superficial forefoot and @entity130 appear to be unfounded.

title: Healing rates of diabetic foot ulcers associated with midfoot @entity174 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'neuropathic ulcers', 'ulcerations', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ["Charcot's arthropathy"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic foot ulceration', 'NU']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midfoot plantar wounds']

answer: @entity13144 :: (MESH:D001177,Disease) :: ['Charcot's arthropathy']


abstract: The @entity5127 / @entity21946 oxidation polymorphism results from differences in the activity of one isozyme of @entity12325 , the @entity5320 (P450 IID1). The oxidation of more than 20 clinically useful drugs has now been shown to be under similar genetic control to that of @entity5127 / @entity21946 . The clinical significance of this polymorphism may be defined by the value of phenotyping @entity1 before treatment. The clinical significance of such polymorphic elimination of a particular drug can be analyzed in three steps: first, does the kinetics of active principle of a drug depend significantly on @entity5320 ?; second, is the resulting pharmacokinetic variability of any clinical importance?; and third, can the variation in response be assessed by direct clinical or paraclinical measurements? It is concluded from such an analysis that, in general, the @entity5127 / @entity21946 oxidation polymorphism is of significance in @entity1 management only for those drugs for which plasma concentration measurements are considered useful and for which the elimination of the drug and/or its active metabolite is mainly determined by @entity5320 . At present, this applies to tricyclic antidepressants and to certain neuroleptics (e.g. @entity21886 and @entity5957 ) and antiarrhythmics (e.g. @entity2779 and @entity6237 ). Phenotyping should be introduced in to clinical routine under strictly controlled conditions to afford a better understanding of its potentials and limitations. The increasing knowledge of specific substrates and inhibitors of @entity5320 allows precise predictions of drug-drug interactions. At present, the strong inhibitory effect of neuroleptics on the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants represents the best clinically documented and most relevant example of such an interaction.

title: Clinical significance of the XXXX / @entity21946 oxidation polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity21946 :: ('MESH:D003647', 'Chemical') :: ['debrisoquine']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity5127 :: ('MESH:D013034', 'Chemical') :: ['sparteine']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity5127 :: (MESH:D013034,Chemical) :: ['sparteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insurance case managers commonly interact with physiatrists and rehabilitation programs. They influence referrals and @entity1 ' decision making. This study was designed to determine which factors affect case managers' perception of back @entity158 program quality. DESIGN: Repeated focus group interview in a neutral facility in an urban Midwestern United States community. Subjects were two groups (n = 12 and 11) of insurance case managers employed by case management firms (large and small), insurers, and self-insured employers. Outcome measures included group and individual responses to a pre-scripted interview and were collected on tape, transcribed, and interpreted by two different @entity1 : the independent expert interviewer and a @entity158 psychologist. RESULTS: There was substantial agreement between the two interpreters. Both groups overwhelmingly chose physiatrists over other specialists. They emphasized timeliness, communication, functionally oriented programs, concrete program goals and time frames, physician knowledge of the legal aspects of disability, and rapid communication of @entity1 noncompliance. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation programs may strive to meet many of these qualities but, in doing so, should be aware that the legal and ethical roles of case managers differ from that of clinicians.

title: Insurance case managers' perception of quality in back XXXX programs: a focus study group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between angiogenesis and @entity876 overexpression and explore the relationship between angiogenesis and clinicopathologic features in @entity4348 . METHODS: Angiogenesis was evaluated by @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). Eighty-five @entity4348 ' @entity2101 were identified by immunohistochemical staining of endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen, and the expression of @entity876 protein was stained with the same method by it's monoclone antibody. RESULTS: (1) The positive rate of @entity876 expression in @entity4348 was 50.6%. The positive rate in stage III-IV (69.2%) was higher than that in stage I-II(42.4%) (P < 0.05). (2) @entity2101 was higher in stage III-IV (13.27 +/- 6.14) than that in stage I-II (8.31 +/- 4.78) (P < 0.01). @entity2101 in G1, G2 and G3 was 8.95 +/- 5.51, 9.28 +/- 4.87 and 14.73 +/- 7.66, respectively (P < 0.05). In groups of non-myoinvasion, < 1/2 myoinvasion and > or = 1/2 myoinvasion, @entity2101 was 8.45 +/- 5.53, 8.95 +/- 4.99 and 11.96 +/- 6.39, respectively (P < 0.05). (3) In negative, weakly positive and strong positive groups of @entity876 overexpression, @entity2101 was 5.52 +/- 2.11, 11.75 +/- 4.18 and 16.00 +/- 4.63, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis tightly correlated with clinicopathologic factors, such as stage, grade and myoinvasion, is promoted by @entity876 overexpression in @entity4348 . It can be concluded that angiogenesis may act as a predictor of prognosis of @entity4348 .

title: [The relationship between angiogenesis and @entity876 overexpression in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma', 'endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['IMD', 'intratumoral microvessel density']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of @entity16944 (AQ)+ @entity16945 - @entity4765 (SP), the first-line @entity311 treatment in Rwanda. METHOD: Randomized, double-blind trial in 2003 in Kigali town. A total of 351 adult @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: AQ+SP, AQ or SP. We followed @entity1 until day 14 after treatment and recorded adverse events (AEs) and clinical and parasitological outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen @entity1 reported at least one AE: 40% in the AQ, 39% in the AQ+SP and 21% in the SP groups. The AE was classified as possibly related to the antimalarial treatment for 86 @entity1 . The Risk Ratio for at least one AE after treatment was significantly and about fourfold higher in @entity1 receiving AQ or AQ+SP than in @entity1 receiving SP. @entity111 and @entity1295 were significantly more frequent in @entity1 treated with AQ or AQ+SP than in those receiving SP. Severe AEs, such as @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity1296 and @entity391 , were observed in four @entity1 treated with AQ, in 10 treated with AQ+SP and in one @entity1 treated with SP. CONCLUSION: @entity16944 +SP is not well tolerated and a substantial proportion of @entity1 experienced @entity111 and @entity1295 , thus decreasing their compliance and compromising the first line treatment implementation at national level. This renders AQ-containing regimens sub-optimal; better-tolerated treatments should be identified.

title: Tolerability of @entity16944 and @entity16945 - XXXX , alone or in combination for the treatment of uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 in Rwandan adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine', 'Amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity4765 :: (MESH:D011739,Chemical) :: ['pyrimethamine']


abstract: In order to enhance understanding of @entity5510 contributions to thermoregulation, we measured the effects of a @entity5510 receptor antagonist, @entity52893 , on thermoregulatory neurons in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (mPOA) of @entity35 while simultaneously monitoring rectal temperature (T(r)). Administration of @entity52893 (4 micromol/kg, i.v.) significantly increased T(r) by 0.42+/-0.02 degrees C in anesthetized @entity35 . @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) neurons in the mPOA increase firing in response to body warming, and when active stimulate heat loss and inhibit heat production. @entity2915 neurons were initially inhibited by @entity52893 . Subsequently, @entity2915 neuronal activity diverged, differentiating @entity2915 neurons into two subgroups. One group of @entity2915 neurons continued to be inhibited during the recording period while another group of "biphasic" @entity2915 neurons increased firing as T(r) increased. Cold-sensitive (CS) neurons fire at a higher rate during cooling of the body, and when active, may contribute to heat production. Injection of @entity52893 affected CS neurons in a manner opposite to the biphasic @entity2915 neurons; activity was initially increased followed by a later decrease. Direct administration of @entity52893 into the mPOA (10 and 30 nmol) or spinal cord (30 nmol) did not affect T(r). Disruption of abdominal @entity5510 receptor function by injection of the @entity5510 receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin (20 microg/kg, i.p.), 9-15 days prior to experiments, blocked the effects of systemically injected @entity52893 on T(r) and mPOA neuronal activity. These data demonstrate that antagonist block of abdominal @entity5510 receptors indirectly modulates activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the mPOA in a manner that is consistent with producing an acute rise in body temperature.

title: Antagonism of @entity5510 receptors indirectly modulates activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the medial preoptic area of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Warm-sensitive', 'WS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of platelet activation and options for diagnosing and treating @entity2915 in relation to @entity715 in @entity235 and @entity468 . DATA SOURCES: Prospective, retrospective, and review articles, as well as textbook chapters in both @entity1 and veterinary medicine. Articles were primarily, but not exclusively, retrieved via Medline. @entity1 DATA SYNTHESIS: In @entity1 , platelets are known to play a key role in the development of @entity715 in @entity66 states and antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone in the treatment of acute events and for prevention in @entity1 at risk. For many years, @entity117 was used as the sole antiplatelet drug in @entity1 , but the introduction of @entity857 receptor antagonists and integrin a(IIb) b(3) inhibitors has significantly improved outcome in selective groups of @entity1 . VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS: The understanding of platelet activation in disease states has increased dramatically over the past decade. Simultaneously, a host of new methods for evaluating platelet function have been developed, which enable primarily researchers, but also clinicians to monitor the activity of platelets. Many of these methods have been validated for research purposes, but few have found their way to the clinics. Not a single correctly randomized clinical trial has been carried out with any antiplatelet drug for any indication in @entity235 or @entity468 , and consequently, treatment is empiric and largely based on expert opinion or data from experimental studies. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of @entity1031 is complex and multifactorial and the role of hyperactive platelets in this etiology remains to be clarified in most of the diseases associated with @entity715 in @entity235 and @entity468 . Until efficacy data from well-designed studies are available, antithrombotic therapy should consist of close monitoring, good supportive care, and judicious empirical use of antiplatelet agents.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in relation to @entity715 in @entity235 and @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people', 'HUMAN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous disease']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['platelet hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['platelet hyperactivity']


abstract: Adverse early care is associated with attention regulatory problems, but not all so exposed develop attention problems. In a sample of 612 youth ( @entity1 = 432, M = 11.82 years, SD = 1.5) adopted from institutions (e.g., orphanages) in 25 countries, we examined whether the @entity14691 polymorphism of the @entity2252 gene moderates attention problems associated with the duration of institutional care. Parent-reported attention problem symptoms were collected using the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire. DNA was genotyped for the @entity2252 @entity14691 ( @entity32862 ) single nucleotide polymorphism. Among youth from Southeast (SE) Asia, the predominant genotype was @entity4857 / @entity1853 ( @entity2596 /Met), whereas among youth from Russia/Europe and Caribbean/South America, the predominant genotype was @entity2596 / @entity2596 . For analysis, youth were grouped as carrying @entity2596 / @entity2596 or Met/Met alleles. Being female, being from SE Asia, and being younger when adopted were associated with fewer attention regulatory problem symptoms. Youth carrying at least one copy of the Met allele were more sensitive to the duration of deprivation, yielding an interaction that followed a differential susceptibility pattern. Thus, youth with @entity2596 /Met or Met/Met genotypes exhibited fewer symptoms than @entity2596 / @entity2596 genotypes when adoption was very early and more symptoms when adoption occurred later in development. Similar patterns were observed when SE Asian youth and youth from other parts of the world were analyzed separately.

title: The XXXX @entity14691 polymorphism moderates early deprivation effects on attention problems.

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val66Met']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: @entity94 ( @entity94 ) is known to play an important role in angiogenesis. Its place in collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis), however, is still debated. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of @entity94 and its receptors (Flk-1 and @entity55481 ) in a @entity95 model of collateral artery growth after femoral @entity432 . @entity519 presents the most important stimulus for @entity94 expression. We therefore also investigated the expression level of distinct @entity519 -inducible genes ( @entity21110 , @entity55482 ) and determined metabolic intermediates indicative for @entity63 ( @entity855 , @entity1734 , and their catabolites). We found that arteriogenesis was not associated with an increased expression of @entity94 or the mentioned @entity519 -inducible genes. Furthermore, the high-energy @entity6546 and their catabolites were entirely within normal limits. Despite the absence of an increased expression of @entity94 and its receptors, collateral vessels increased their diameter by a factor of 10. The speed of collateral development could be increased by infusion of the chemoattractant @entity23866 but not by infusion of a 30 times higher concentration of @entity94 . From these data, we conclude that under nonischemic conditions, arteriogenesis is neither associated with nor inducible by increased levels of @entity94 and that @entity94 is not a natural agent to induce arteriogenesis in vivo.

title: Role of @entity63 and of @entity519 -inducible genes in arteriogenesis after femoral @entity432 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity23866 :: ('100009130(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Marital status may be a predisposing factor related to preventive health screenings, which may in part explain the "healthy marriage" effect. This study investigates differences in the likelihood of being screened for @entity165 by marital status for @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys from 2003 through 2005 were used to calculate the likelihood of self-reported @entity165 screening in the past year by marital status and sex. Several rounds of interviews during a 2-year period resulted in a sample of 36,594 US adults. RESULTS: Most married, widowed, and divorced/separated @entity1 reported @entity165 screening in the past year. The highest percentages of @entity1 being screened for @entity165 were widowed @entity1 (75%) and @entity1 (81%). By contrast, 26% of single @entity1 and 38% of single @entity1 reported @entity165 screening. In multivariate models, being unmarried was associated with lower odds of @entity165 screening among @entity1 and @entity1 . The lowest likelihood of screening was associated with widowed status for both @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.56) and @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.53). CONCLUSION: Marital status is a predisposing factor for @entity165 screening. Public health interventions aimed at improving preventive screening should focus on social networks, especially family members.

title: XXXX screening by marital status and sex in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chromoendoscopy is traditionally used to identify inconspicuous @entity355 and mark the boundaries before endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Trimodal imaging endoscopy is useful in identifying early @entity5 in @entity355 . The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy (lateral and deep margin clearance) of trimodal imaging endoscopy-assisted EMR in early @entity355 in a tertiary referral setting. METHODS: The entire Barrett's segment was visualized by high-resolution endoscopy followed by autofluorescence imaging, and suspicious areas were identified. Narrow band imaging and magnification was used to confirm the suspicious areas. The outer boundary of the lesion was then marked using the tip of a snare diathermy and EMR was performed using multiband mucosectomy technique by a single operator (KR). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were included: 13 @entity1 had @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ); 3 @entity1 had @entity189 ( @entity189 ); (8 males, median age, 69.5 (range, 50-77) years with @entity355 (interquartile range (IQR), 2-5 cm; median length, 3 cm). All lesions were successfully identified, using trimodal imaging endoscopy. Overall EMR was complete in 14 of 16 (81.2%) @entity1 with early @entity355 . Four of 16 @entity1 (18%; all with pre-EMR @entity3146 ) were considered to have incomplete EMR (deep margins involved), but operative histology showed only Barrett's metaplasia in 2 (histological false positive) and @entity189 in 1. Thus, overall 14 of 16 (87.5%) @entity1 had complete EMR of the original lesions. In @entity1 who did not undergo esophagectomy, there was no disease recurrence on endoscopic biopsies at a mean follow-up of 8 (IQR, 6-12) months. Three of the 16 @entity1 (18.75%) with post-EMR @entity548 were successfully treated with @entity1412 /hemoclips. CONCLUSIONS: Trimodal imaging endoscopy is a feasible alternative to chromoendoscopy to identify inconspicuous @entity5 and assist EMR of early @entity5 in @entity355 .

title: Trimodal imaging-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's neoplasia"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma', 'IMC']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGIN']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's neoplasia']