abstract: A phase II study of @entity42431 ( @entity28807 stimalamer) to determine the response and safety was conducted in @entity1 with @entity157 by injecting a suspension of the drug into the hepatic artery. Repeated doses of 4 to 6 mg of the drug were given every 4 weeks so that the @entity5 tissues were filled with the suspension. Of the 195 registered @entity1 , 15 were ineligible for the study, 8 dropped out, and data were missing for 5. A total of 167 @entity1 completed the study. Response was assessed in the 167 @entity1 who completed the study. CR was found in one, PR in 59, MR in 25, NC in 67, and @entity1726 in 15, with a response rate of 35.9. The safety of the drug was assessed in 177, excluding ineligible @entity1 and 3 who dropped out because of the concurrent use of other drugs. Adverse reactions were found in 93.2% of the @entity1 , and abnormal values in clinical laboratory tests in 60.5%. Major unwanted symptoms included @entity221 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity448 . Major abnormal changes in laboratory tests were elevated total @entity648 and LDH and @entity409 . About half the @entity1 had malaise and @entity158 related to the intra-arterial infusion therapy. The one year survival rate was 56.9%, and the duration of survival of 50% of the @entity1 was 407 days.

title: [Phase II study of @entity42431 ( XXXX stimalamer) suspension injected into the hepatic artery. Research Group for Intra-arterial Injection Therapy with @entity42431 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity28807 :: ('MESH:D009353', 'Chemical') :: ['zinostatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity28807 :: (MESH:D009353,Chemical) :: ['zinostatin']


abstract: A 6-month post in accident and @entity341 is no longer compulsory for basic surgical training. Meanwhile, @entity130 teams have emerged in many UK hospitals to receive seriously injured @entity1 , often with no involvement of basic surgical trainees (BSTs). This may lead to the appointment of surgical specialist registrars (SpRs) who have had little exposure to the initial management of seriously injured @entity1 . This study documents the experience of a senior house officer undertaking a 6-month post in the accident and @entity341 department of a district general hospital. METHODS: Data concerning the nature of cases seen were collected retrospectively from all @entity1 record cards signed by the author during the placement. RESULTS: During the period studied, the author was present in the resuscitation room on 41 occasions, of which 10 episodes involved the management of a multiply injured @entity1 . A total of 159 @entity174 and significant soft tissue injuries in the upper limb and 122 such cases in the lower limb were seen. There were 25 @entity542 , 17 @entity3510 , 5 significant cases of @entity764 , 4 of @entity1661 and 5 significant urinary tract injuries. Some 86 practical procedures were carried out during the placement. DISCUSSION: The 6-month post in accident and @entity341 provided the BST with significant exposure to the care of seriously injured @entity1 . Such a post should be compulsory to ensure that SpRs on appointment have already received exposure to managing the seriously injured. The post provided additional benefit in terms of performing practical procedures and exposure to other acute surgical conditions.

title: All basic surgical trainees should rotate through an accident and XXXX post.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The loss of sonic hedgehog is an early change that occurs in the mucosa prior to neoplastic transformation and correlates with the type of @entity1944 . Aberrant expression of CDX has also been shown to correlate with the development of @entity1944 . AIM: To examine @entity6628 expression in the non-cancerous mucosa of @entity1 with @entity356 and compared it to @entity6628 expression in controls with @entity1944 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 who had undergone endoscopic mucosal resection for early @entity356 and 60 gender- and age-matched controls were studied. Two specimens each were obtained from the greater and lesser curves of the corpus and from the greater curve of the antrum. Expression of @entity6628 and sonic hedgehog were evaluated by immunostaining. RESULTS: @entity356 was associated with a higher frequency of @entity1944 (OR = 8.3; 95%CI, 3.7-18.9, P < 0.001). @entity6628 negatively correlated with sonic hedgehog expression, however, multivariate analysis revealed that @entity6628 correlated with the @entity1944 scores. Sonic hedgehog indices were lower and @entity6628 staining in the corpus lesser curve was higher in the @entity5 group than in the controls. Sonic hedgehog indices in the corpus decreased and @entity6628 indices in both areas increased in @entity1 in the ascending order of those without @entity1944 , those with complete @entity1944 and those with @entity1944 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of sonic hedgehog expression and aberrant expression of @entity6628 correlates with the type of @entity1944 and may play a role in @entity105 .

title: Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis progressing to @entity356 exhibits sonic hedgehog loss and aberrant XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete intestinal metaplasia', 'intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity6628 :: (1045,Gene) :: ['CDX2']


abstract: The differential regulation of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SPs) is demonstrated in a @entity19 model of @entity54 (Af )-induced @entity56 airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged intranasally with Af extract. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in these @entity19 showed markedly increased total IgE and Af-specific IgE and @entity6527 . This was associated with peribronchial/perivascular tissue @entity32 , airway @entity1712 , and secretion of interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity59 into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Functional analysis revealed that in comparison with nonsensitized @entity19 , @entity56 sensitization and challenge resulted in significant increases in @entity934 responsiveness. To analyze levels of SPs, the cell-free supernate of the BALF was further fractionated by high-speed (20,000 x g) centrifugation. After sensitization and challenges, the pellet (large-aggregate fraction) showed a selective downregulation of hydrophobic SPs @entity44472 and @entity16529 by 50%. This reduction was reflected by commensurate decreases in @entity44472 and @entity16529 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the lung tissue of these animals. In contrast, there was a 9-fold increase in @entity24526 protein levels in the 20,000 x g supernate without changes in @entity24526 mRNA. The increased levels of @entity24526 showed a significant positive correlation with serum IgE (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). Tissue mRNA and protein levels of @entity7251 in either the large- or the small-aggregate fractions were unaffected. Our data indicate that @entity56 airway @entity32 induces selective inhibition of hydrophobic SP synthesis accompanied by marked increases in the lung collectin @entity24526 protein content of BALF. These changes may contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of Af-induced @entity56 airway hyperresponsiveness.

title: XXXX -induced @entity56 airway @entity32 alters surfactant homeostasis and lung function in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: The treatment of @entity99 involves many strategies ranging from observation to operative intervention and includes numerous options such as angiography, packing, and damage-control procedures. In July 1994 we instituted a protocol for the management of traumatic @entity99 . The main objective of this study was to evaluate the management of @entity99 occurring since the institution of the protocol. Two hundred three consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity99 were evaluated at our Level I @entity130 center between July 1994 and May 1999. Eighty-eight per cent of the injuries were blunt with a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 24.3 +/- 0.8 and a survival probability (Ps) of 90.0 +/- 1.5 per cent. The overall mortality was 6.4 per cent. A comparison between @entity1 with minor @entity99 and @entity1 with more severe injuries [Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) <3 vs >3] demonstrated no difference in mortality between the two groups despite a Ps of 93.8 +/- 1.3 per cent in @entity1 with an AIS <3 versus 84.1 +/- 3.3 per cent in @entity1 with an AIS >3. The most common complication in our @entity1 population was posthemorrhagic @entity417 , which was seen in 10.8 per cent of cases. @entity130 did not result in a significant difference in the complication rate. @entity1 who underwent laparotomy had a statistically higher ISS, a lower Ps, and a mortality rate of 11.5 per cent compared with 3.7 per cent (P = 0.03) in @entity1 managed nonoperatively. However, a comparison of @entity1 undergoing laparotomy with those who did not and who had equivalent ISS demonstrated no difference in mortality. Our results demonstrated that a preplanned management strategy was a successful way in which to treat @entity1 with traumatic @entity99 . Although nonoperative management of @entity99 has been common practice a management plan that involves a multimodal surgical strategy is essential.

title: A successful multimodality strategy for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Severity of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: @entity253 remain the most challenging aspect of adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT). Between 04/2000 and 10/2005, 130 consecutive RLDLTs were performed in our center and followed prospectively. Median follow-up was 23 months (range 3-67) and 1-year graft and @entity1 survival was 85% and 87%, respectively. Overall incidence of biliary leaks (n = 19) or strictures (n = 22) was 32% (41/128) in 33 @entity1 (26%). A duct-to-duct (D-D) or Roux-en-Y (R-Y) @entity254 were performed equally (n = 64 each) with no difference in stricture rate (p = 0.31). The use of ductoplasty increased the number of grafts with a single duct for @entity254 and reduced the biliary complication rate compared to grafts >/=2 ducts (17% vs. 46%; p = 0.02). Independent risk factors for strictures included older donor age and previous history of a @entity1157 . All strictures were managed nonsurgically initially but four @entity1 ultimately required conversion from D-D to R-Y. Ninety-six percent (123/128) of @entity1 are currently free of any biliary complications. D-D @entity254 is safe after RLDLT and provides access for future endoscopic therapy in cases of leak or stricture. When presented with multiple bile ducts, ductoplasty should be considered to reduce the potential chance of stricture.

title: XXXX in 130 consecutive right lobe living donor liver transplant recipients: results of a Western center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary strictures']


abstract: The regulatory myosin light chain ( @entity3097 ) regulates contraction in smooth muscle. However, its function in striated muscle remains obscure, and the different functional activities of the various isoforms that are expressed in the @entity1 heart (ventricle- and atrium-specific @entity18964 ) remain undefined. To begin to explore these issues, we used transgenesis to determine the feasibility of effecting a complete or partial replacement of the cardiac regulatory light chains with the isoform that is normally expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibers (fast muscle-specific @entity18964 ). Multiple lines of @entity19 were generated that expressed the transgene at varying levels in the heart in a copy number-dependent fashion. There is a major discordance in the manner in which the different cardiac compartments respond to high levels of overexpression of the transgene. In atria, isoform replacement with the skeletal protein was quite efficient, even at low copy number. The ventricle is much more refractory to replacement, and despite high levels of transgenic transcript, protein replacement was incomplete. Replacement could be further increased by breeding the transgenic lines with one another. Despite very high levels of transgenic transcript in these @entity19 , the overall level of the regulatory light chain in both compartments remained essentially constant; only the protein isoform ratios were altered. The partial replacement of the ventricular with the skeletal isoform reduced both left ventricular contractility and relaxation, although the unloaded shortening velocity of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes was not significantly different.

title: Transgenic remodeling of the regulatory myosin light chains in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) signaling is essential for proper fetal development and growth of pancreatic islets, and there is also evidence for its involvement in beta-cell signal transduction in the adult. To study the functional roles of @entity12841 in beta-cell physiology in postnatal life, we have generated @entity19 that carry a mutated @entity12841 under the pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 promoter (E1-DN @entity19 ). The transgene was expressed in islet beta- and delta-cells but not in alpha-cells, as expected, and it resulted in an approximately 40% reduction in pancreatic @entity12841 , extracellular signal-related kinase, and Akt phosphorylation. Homozygous E1-DN @entity19 were overtly diabetic after the age of 2 weeks. The @entity4854 was more pronounced in male than in female @entity19 . The relative beta-cell surface area of E1-DN @entity19 was highly reduced at the age of 2 months, while alpha-cell surface area was not changed. This defect was essentially postnatal, since the differences in beta-cell area of newborn @entity19 were much smaller. An apparent explanation for this is impaired postnatal beta-cell proliferation; the normal surge of beta-cell proliferation during 2 weeks after birth was totally abolished in the @entity19 . Heterozygous E1-DN @entity19 were @entity413 intolerant in intraperitoneal @entity413 tests. This was associated with a reduced insulin response. However, downregulation of @entity12841 signaling had no influence on the insulinotropic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exendin-4. In summary, our results show that even a modest attenuation of @entity12841 signaling leads to a severe defect in postnatal growth of the beta-cells, which leads to the development of @entity6 .

title: Downregulation of EGF receptor signaling in pancreatic islets causes XXXX due to impaired postnatal beta-cell growth.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGF-R']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: There have been conflicting reports on whether @entity1875 prolongs, shortens, or does not change QT interval. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of @entity1875 on heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval during anesthetic induction. We examined 50 @entity1 undergoing lumbar spine surgery. @entity1 received 3  g/kg of @entity3575 and were randomly allocated to one of the following 2 groups. Group S @entity1 received 5 mg/kg of @entity24659 followed by @entity2614 , 5 % at the inhaled concentration. Group P @entity1 received @entity1875 using TCI system at 5  g/mL for 2 min followed by 3  g/mL. Tracheal intubation was performed after @entity3369 administration. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), bispectral index score (BIS), and QTc interval in 12-lead electrocardiogram were recorded at the following time points: just before @entity3575 administration (T1), 2 min after @entity3575 injection (T2), 1 min after thiamylal injection or 2 min after the start of TCI (T3), just before intubation (T4), and 2 min after intubation (T5). BIS and MAP significantly decreased after anesthetic induction in both groups. HR decreased after anesthetic induction and recovered after tracheal intubation in group P, whereas it did changed in group S throughout the study period. QTc interval was shortened at T3 and T4 in group P, but prolonged at T3, T4, and T5 in group S, as compared with T1. @entity1875 TCI shortens QTc interval, whereas @entity2614 prolongs QTc interval during anesthetic induction.

title: Differential effects of XXXX and @entity2614 on QT interval during anesthetic induction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity24659 :: ('MESH:D013840', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamylal']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 is a frequent severe @entity221 that increasingly affects females. Gender inequalities have been reported in @entity1030 care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze decision-making in primary care for @entity1 and @entity1 with identical @entity1030 as a function of the gender of the family physician (FP). METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter study in 457 Andalusian FPs, using a self-administered vignette-based questionnaire on @entity1030 featuring a male or female @entity1 , with four variables on clinical reasoning: " @entity286 as most important risk factor (RF)", "ordering of spirometry", " @entity1030 as most likely diagnosis", and "referral". Multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 67.4% (308/457). In analysis of the four FP gender- @entity1 gender dyads, @entity286 was more frequently considered as priority RF for the @entity1 than for the @entity1 in the vignette by female (95.6%vs.67.1%) and male (79.8%vs.62.5%) FPs. @entity1030 was more frequently the most likely diagnosis for the @entity1 versus @entity1 by female (84.4%vs.49.9%) and male (78.5%vs.57.8%) FPs. Male FPs more frequently ordered spirometry for the @entity1 versus @entity1 (68.1%vs.46.8%). There were no differences in referral between male and female @entity1 . Male FPs were more likely than female FPs to consider @entity286 as priority RF for the @entity1 (p  =  002). Female FPs were more likely than male FPs to refer the @entity1 (22.5%vs.8%). CONCLUSIONS: There may be gender inequalities in primary care for @entity1030 in our setting. Diagnostic and therapeutic efforts appear lower in female @entity1 . Male and female FPs only differed in care of the male @entity1 , indicating FP gender- @entity1 gender interaction.

title: Gender inequalities in XXXX decision-making in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous economic studies outside Australia have demonstrated that @entity1 treated with @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) within 4.5 hours of @entity64 onset have lower healthcare costs than those not. We aim to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of intravenous @entity3479 in an Australian setting. METHODS: Data on clinical outcomes and costs were derived for 378 @entity1 who received intravenous @entity3479 within 4.5 hours of @entity64 onset at Royal Melbourne Hospital (Australia) between January 2003 and December 2011. To simulate clinical outcomes and costs for a hypothetical control group assumed not to have received @entity3479 , we applied efficacy data from a meta-analysis of randomized trials to outcomes observed in the @entity3479 group. During a 1-year time-horizon, net costs, years of life lived, and quality-adjusted life-years were compared and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios derived for @entity3479 versus no @entity3479 . RESULTS: In the study population, mean (SD) age was 68.2 (13.5) years and 206 (54.5%) were @entity1 . Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (interquartile range) at presentation was 12.5 (8-18). Compared with no @entity3479 , we estimated that @entity3479 would result in 0.02 life-years and 0.04 quality-adjusted life-years saved per @entity1 >1 year. The net cost of @entity3479 was AUD  55.61 per @entity1 . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were AUD  2377 per life-year saved and AUD  1478 per quality-adjusted life-years saved. Because the costs of @entity3479 are incurred only once, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios would decrease with increasing time-horizon. Uncertainty analyses indicated the results to be robust. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity3479 within 4.5 hours represents a cost-effective intervention for acute @entity385 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of acute XXXX : experience from Australian @entity64 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 'tPA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity2314 , a @entity2315 ( @entity2315 ) is characterized by the @entity7791 A activity. Recently, a new diagnostic method for detection of a-galactosidase activity from dried blood spots (DBS) using a chemical substrate and quantification of reaction mixture was developed. To improve this method in the terms of automation, reproducibility, sensitivity, and data reliability, we introduce here an innovative analytical approach based on @entity15 . The a-galactosidase assay products derived from DBS of 11 healthy donors and 11 @entity2314 @entity1 were analyzed by NanoMate robot coupled to a high-capacity ion trap @entity15 . Confirmation and structural analysis of the reaction products was achieved by CID and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) @entity15 / @entity15 . The cleavage of a substrate GLA-S generated a product, GLA-P, which was quantified related to an internal standard GLA-IS. Comparative @entity1 versus control analysis indicated a 13-fold reduction in GLA-P/GLA-IS ratio in the case of the @entity1 . Moreover, our method provided direct data on the enzyme, from which it was for the first time possible to discriminate between the @entity1 lacking the enzyme and those presenting a less active one. GLA-IS and GLA-P were confirmed by CID/ETD, which applied together, increased considerably the sequence coverage and provided complementary information for unambiguous product identification. The present chip-nanoESI CID and ETD @entity15 (n) strategy introduced here for first time in @entity2315 diagnosis, provided a maximum confidence in assay product identification, a high sensitivity, speed of analysis, and result reproducibility.

title: Testing the feasibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry as a novel tool for rapid diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['LSD', 'lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['absence or reduction of the a-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry condition', 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'chip-nanoESI MS']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 2324 @entity3979 interventions (Vineberg procedures [VbP], coronary artery bypass graft operations [CABG] and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties [PTCA]), in 1711 @entity1 of a Canadian military hospital between 1965 and 1995 and to report their evolution and interaction in a historical context. DESIGN: Retrospective examination of clinical and angiographic findings in hard records, collected from the beginning for long term follow-up and later embedded in a custom-designed computer database. @entity1 : Most were male, mean ages 43.2 and 43.3 years for first and second VbPs; 48.9 and 58.2 years for first and repeat CABGs; and 53.4 and 59.9 years for first and repeat PTCAs, respectively; 12% of all @entity1 were 39 years old or younger at the first intervention. INTERVENTIONS: There were 160 VbPs, 1637 CABGs and 527 PTCAs. Of 1711 subjects, 74% had only one procedure, 15% had more than one of the same kind, and 11% had more than one of different kinds. MAIN RESULTS: Perioperative mortality for VbPs was 4.4%; for 'isolated' first CABGs it was 1.4% and 6.6% for reoperations, when other concurrent major cardiac procedures, excepting @entity439 repair, were excluded. It was 0.4% for PTCAs. Perioperative mortality for all 1761 'isolated' coronary interventions necessitating thoracotomy, during 30 years, was 2.4%. Angiographic follow-up rates were high and some findings are reported, including early postoperative patency rates for 5065 coronary bypass grafts, and long term follow-up data on graft patency and disease. CONCLUSIONS: Each intervention was used to circumvent or relieve @entity3979 , in the early years when it became available and, later, as was most appropriate for dealing with specific clinical problems. The impact of advances in the evolution of these interventions on therapeutic decision-making is discussed. Finally, tributes are paid to those responsible for making these procedures possible, including a Canadian surgeon whose role was pivotal.

title: Interventions for XXXX --a Canadian experience of 30 revolutionary years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity463 Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and @entity1313 in adults. The median survival in @entity1 harboring this @entity5 is 12 months irrespective of any form of therapy. Health care costs of illnesses with high mortality rates, such as GBM, are of particular interest in times of constrained health care resources. No information regarding costs for the treatment of @entity1 with GBM is available in Canada. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of the costs of treatment of GBM in Nova Scotia. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven GBM during a three year period (1996-1998) in Nova Scotia were included in the study. Analysis was based on hospital costs supplemented by data on additional medical services received following discharge for the primary intervention. RESULTS: The mean cost of medical care per @entity1 from the time of diagnosis to @entity204 was  17,149. The highest costs were related to hospitalization with ward costs alone accounting for 48% of all costs. Radiotherapy costs were 25%, surgery costs were 16% and chemotherapy costs were 7% of all costs. Costs for diagnostic procedures were 6% of the total costs. CONCLUSION: Our data reflect the costs and practice pattern in the treatment of GBM in Nova Scotia and may be of value as an initial attempt to analyze costs of treatment of GBM in Canada.

title: Treatment costs for XXXX multiforme in Nova Scotia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In November 2001, genetic testing for @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) was introduced by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOH) in Ontario for individuals at high risk for @entity5 according to either @entity5 immunohistochemistry staining or their family history. This article describes the outcomes of the program and makes recommendations for improving it and informing other public health care programs. METHODS: Subjects were referred for molecular testing of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MutL homolog 1, MutS homolog 2, and MutS homolog 6 if they met 1 of 7 MOH criteria. Testing was conducted from January 2001 to March 2015 at the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. RESULTS: A total of 1452 subjects were tested. Of the 662 subjects referred for testing because their @entity5 was immunodeficient for 1 or more of the MMR genes, 251 (37.9%) carried a germline mutation. In addition, 597 subjects were tested for a known family mutation, and 298 (49.9%) were positive; 189 of these 298 subjects (63.4%) were affected with @entity5 at the time of testing. An additional 193 subjects were referred because of a family history of @entity4309 , and 34 of these (17.6%) had a mutation identified. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the provincial criteria are useful in identifying @entity4309 carriers after an MMR-deficient @entity5 is identified. Placing greater emphasis on testing unaffected relatives in families with a known mutation may identify more unaffected carriers and facilitate primary prevention in those individuals. @entity5 2016;122:1672-9.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Genetic testing for XXXX in the province of Ontario.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'LS cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Agitated behaviors are frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity303 and can cause severe distress to caregivers. However, little evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions for @entity146 exists for @entity1 with @entity303 . The present pilot study aimed to evaluate a behavioral management program developed by the Seattle Protocols for @entity1 with @entity146 in Japan. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity195 , n = 14; @entity303 with @entity1832 , n = 4) participated in an open study testing the effectiveness of a behavioral management program. The intervention consisted of 20 sessions over the course of 3 months. The primary outcomes were severity of @entity2146 in @entity303 , as measured using the @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). RESULTS: The behavioral management program resulted in significant reductions in total scores on both the @entity146 and CMAI. Although both physically agitated and verbally agitated behavior scores on the @entity146 improved significantly, symptoms of @entity716 did not improve after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The behavioral management technique may be beneficial to distressed caregivers of @entity1 with @entity303 . In the future, a well designed study to develop the behavioral management program more fully is needed.

title: Behavior management approach for agitated behavior in Japanese XXXX with @entity303 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Agitated Behavior in Dementia scale', 'ABID', 'agitated behaviors']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether application of @entity2635 -lined athletic supports to bring the testes closer to the abdomen increases scrotal temperature and decreases sperm production. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: University academic medical center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-one healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTION(S): The study consisted of a pretreatment period of 6 weeks, a treatment phase of 52 weeks, and a recovery phase until return to normal sperm production. During the treatment phase, the @entity1 wore @entity2635 -lined athletic supports (single layer, double layer, or double layer impregnated with @entity3775 ) throughout the day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen parameters and sperm function tests. RESULT(S): In all three groups of subjects, scrotal temperature was consistently increased by 0.8 to 1 degree C while the subjects were wearing the athletic supports. Mean sperm concentration; sperm motility, morphology, and viability; sperm hyperactivation; and ability of spermatozoa to penetrate zone-free hamster oocytes were not affected by the increase in scrotal temperature. CONCLUSION(S): The increase in scrotal temperature induced by @entity2635 -lined athletic supports was insufficient to cause significant suppression of spermatogenesis or alteration of sperm function.

title: Effect of increased scrotal temperature on sperm production in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the related factors of central lymph node (CLN) @entity3 in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ),the indications and the extent of @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS: A total of 153 cases treated between Jan. 2009 and Dec. 2010 was analysed retrospectively. Of the cases 28 males and 125 cases females, with a mean age of (44    14) years. T1, T2, and T3 diseases accounted for 51, 10 and 81 cases, respectively; I, II, III and IV diseases for 88, 3, 26 and 36 cases, respectively. @entity5 were found in 63 cases. The related clinicopathologic factors were analyzed, including sex, age, @entity5 size, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocal @entity5 . RESULTS: All the cases had total/near total thyroidectomy and @entity135 , of them 64 cases had unilateral neck dissection and 18 cases had bilateral neck dissection. CLN @entity3 existed in 68.6% (105/153) cases, 37.2% (57/153) for unilateral and 31.4% (48/153) for bilateral respectively. The rates of CLN @entity3 were 86.6% (71/82) in @entity17470 cases and 47.9% (34/71) cN0 cases, respectively,and the rates of bilateral CLN @entity3 were 45.1% (37/82) in @entity17470 cases and 15.5% (11/71) in cN0 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.002, OR = 3.502) was an independent risk factor for CLN @entity3 and that lateral neck @entity1600 (P = 0.028, OR = 3.080), surrounding tissue invasion (P = 0.014, OR = 3.113), and maximum @entity5 diameter greater than 1 cm (P = 0.012, OR = 3.732) were independent risk factors for bilateral CLN @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: It is indicated that ipsilateral @entity135 should be obligatory for @entity3557 . Intraoperative frozen section examination should be routine. @entity135 should be conducted when ipsilateral CLN @entity3 accompanied by one of following issues such as more invasive @entity5 (surrounding tissue invasion, T3 or T4 disease), maximum @entity5 diameter greater than 1 cm, and lateral neck @entity1600 .

title: [Related factors of central @entity1600 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['central neck dissection', 'Bilateral CND', 'CND']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Multifocal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: To characterize the role of oxidative stress in cultured @entity35 sinusoidal endothelial cells, we studied the production of @entity224 after reoxygenation, the relationship of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels to cell injury, and the protective efficacy of antioxidants. @entity519 (pO(2) 1-2 mm Hg) was achieved by culturing cells under 95% N(2)5% @entity515 for 4 hours. Reoxygenation was then reestablished, and viability was determined at 24 hours by @entity3460 exclusion; putative protective agents were added at the time of reoxygenation (4 hours). As previously reported, reoxygenation after 4 hours @entity519 accentuated sinusoidal cell death fourfold compared with @entity519 or normoxic controls (P <.0001). @entity224 was not produced on reoxygenation, and @entity224 dismutase provided no protection against reoxygenation injury. Cellular levels of @entity2197 fell to 37 +/- 4% of normoxic controls (P <.0001) following reoxygenation. These changes were essentially abrogated by @entity22143 (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) and @entity3733 , both of which also completely protected against reoxygenation injury. When cellular @entity2197 levels were lowered by addition of @entity43840 (which conjugates @entity2197 ), this reduced the viability of endothelial cells cultured under normoxic conditions and greatly augmented reoxygenation injury. Conversely, addition of exogenous @entity2197 partially protected endothelial cells against @entity519 -reoxygenation injury. @entity5532 also protected against reoxygenation injury, but @entity12609 was only partly protective. It is concluded that sinusoidal endothelial cells undergo significant intracellular oxidative stress following reoxygenation, and their viability is critically dependent on @entity2197 levels. Reactive @entity26 species are likely mediators of oxidative stress in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells.

title: Role of oxidative stress in @entity519 -reoxygenation injury to cultured XXXX hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity43840 :: ('MESH:C014476', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylmaleate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In order to exist, geriatric psychiatry must have its roots in action to help the @entity1 , the family and the caring staff. This approach to psychiatry must be directed both at the present situation of the @entity1 and at the future of the disease. However, in order to act, one must introduce a meaning and a direction which become determined through action. In this context, the symptomatological approach is often hindered by a tendency to over-simplification and reductionism due to terminological flaws and to the inadequacy of its underlying rigid concepts. Such an approach is hindered also by the very nature of a type of medical practice, which establishes the observation of behaviours before making a therapeutic decision and starting treatment. Thus we can contrast two therapeutic procedures in relation to the @entity303 . On the one hand, a classical view which procedes from diagnosis to treatment. Its aim is to develop precise etiological and physiopathogenic references. Its objective is to eradicate disease and obtain a cure. On the other hand, another--contemporary and complementary--approach begins at the point of the @entity1 's difficulties. These difficulties define the therapeutic aims, and from these, the appropriate symptomatology can be selected. This approach puts an emphasis on care and rehabilitation. It constantly throws back upon us the need to think about the quality of our work and allows us to avoid a clumsy use of the available resources. It provides the basis for the development of new alternative knowledge and introduces a new spirit into medicine from which demented @entity1 will surely benefit.

title: [Procedures of therapeutic action in geriatric psychiatry (apropos of XXXX states)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) affect several @entity1 gonadal functions. In particular, FSH stimulates oogonial proliferation and oocyte growth, while LH regulates ovulation and @entity1420 secretion. In lacertilian reptiles, gonadal function is also regulated by pituitary gonadotropins, but which hormone controls ovarian activities and the mechanisms of action are unknown. The present study aimed to clarify mechanisms of action of pituitary gonadotropins on the ovary of @entity17176 (Lacertilia). The data demonstrate that @entity1 gonadotropins FSH and LH produce a threefold stimulation of @entity1920 cyclase activity in follicular membranes, while hCG and TSH are less effective, causing a twofold increase in @entity1920 cyclase activity. Neurotransmitters such as @entity935 , @entity750 , and @entity2661 have no effect on enzyme activity. The action of @entity1 FSH and LH on the ovary mimics the effect of homologous hormones: in lizard ovaries incubated in vitro in the presence of isolated homologous pituitary glands, the intracellular @entity268 level increased by 50% with respect to control ovaries. @entity1 gonadotropins appear homologous to lizard gonadotropin(s): Southern blot analyses show that the lizard genome contains @entity377 sequences homologous to those encoding for @entity1 beta FSH and beta LH. Both homologous and heterologous desensitization of @entity1920 cyclase activity occurs in the lizard ovary. In fact, responsiveness of @entity1920 cyclase to gonadotropin stimulation is abolished in animals 2 hr after in vivo treatment with FSH. Sensitivity to gonadotropin stimulation is restored 2 weeks after the beginning of the in vivo treatment. Desensitization was also observed in ovaries incubated in vitro with @entity1 FSH or with isolated pituitary glands.

title: Responsiveness of XXXX cyclase to pituitary gonadotropins and evidence of a hormone-induced desensitization in the lizard ovary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity17176 :: ('65484', 'Species') :: ['Podarcis sicula']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']


abstract: @entity2067 contributes to bone health, probably through its role as cofactor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. Intervention studies in adults have demonstrated that markedly higher osteocalcin carboxylation is obtained by intakes of @entity2067 well above the current recommended dietary intake. However, the relationship between increased @entity4606 intake and enhanced osteocalcin carboxylation has never been shown in healthy @entity1 . The objective was to study the effect of 45 microg @entity4606 -7 (MK-7; one of the @entity4606 species) on the circulating levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) in healthy prepubertal @entity1 . We hypothesised that MK-7 supplementation will reduce the ucOC:cOC ratio (UCR), indicating an improved @entity2067 status. The present study is a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effect of 8 weeks MK-7 supplementation on the carboxylation of osteocalcin in healthy @entity1 (n 55). Serum levels of ucOC, cOC and MK-7 were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks, together with bone markers and coagulation parameters. The UCR was used as an indicator of @entity2067 status. In the MK-7-supplemented group (n 28), the circulating concentration of inactive ucOC reduced and the UCR improved whereas the concentration of MK-7 increased. Within the placebo group, ucOC, cOC, UCR and MK-7 did not significantly change over time. In both groups, bone markers and coagulation parameters remained constant over time. These findings demonstrate that in healthy, prepubertal @entity1 , modest supplementation with MK-7 increases circulating concentrations of MK-7 and @entity101 .

title: The effect of @entity4606 -7 ( @entity4606 ) supplementation on osteocalcin carboxylation in healthy prepubertal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4606 :: ('MESH:D024482', 'Chemical') :: ['menaquinone', 'vitamin K2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases osteocalcin carboxylation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K', 'vitamin K']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We have studied @entity9208 (measured by colorimetric methods) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 20 uremic @entity1 managed conservatively (8 @entity6 and 12 non- @entity6 ) and 20 @entity1 treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) including 12 @entity6 and 8 non- @entity6 . Twenty healthy subjects were used as control group. We have correlated the mean blood @entity413 ( @entity7584 ) of the preceding days to @entity9208 and HbA1c measurements. No differences were detected in mean @entity9208 and HbA1c levels in non- @entity6 @entity1 in the CAPD or conservatively treated groups compared to controls. In @entity6 @entity1 undergoing conservative treatment or CAPD, mean @entity9208 and HbA1c values were elevated when compared with control group. Both glycemic indicators were increased in most of the @entity6 @entity1 , was higher values in those @entity1 with higher @entity7584 . There was a good correlation in CAPD @entity6 @entity1 between @entity9208 and HbA1c with @entity7584 of the 21 previous days (r = 0.84, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.74, p less than 0.01 respectively). There was also correlation between @entity9208 and HbA1c in CAPD @entity6 @entity1 (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01). We conclude that @entity9208 does not seem to be influenced by @entity5507 or by CAPD. @entity9208 and also glycosylated hemoglobin, when c-fraction is measured and HPLC method is used, can be utilized as glycemic indexes in CAPD @entity6 @entity1 .

title: XXXX levels in CAPD: its value as glycemic index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine', 'Fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9208 :: (MESH:D019270,Chemical) :: ['Fructosamine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with @entity1897 and more particularly its relation to precisely assessed @entity455 . @entity1897 was assessed in 135 @entity6 @entity1 : 28 @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), 85 @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), and 22 insulin-treated @entity2175 @entity1 , on the basis of both clinical findings and extensive electrophysiological testing (four motor nerves and four sensory nerves, and right and left Hoffmann's reflex), using a total of 20 parameters. The percentage of @entity1 with severe clinical @entity16 was significantly higher than that of @entity1 , and the clinical neurological stage correlated significantly with age and duration of @entity6 . According to multivariate analysis the clinical stage correlated only with gender and duration of @entity6 . Several electrophysiological parameters were significantly more abnormal in @entity1 and correlated with age, type and duration of @entity6 , and recent glycemic control. The multivariate analysis showed that 17 electrophysiological parameters correlated with duration of @entity6 , nine correlated with age, seven with glycemic control, and only one with gender. The presence of clinical @entity16 also correlated with presence of @entity989 , arterial @entity101 , macroangiopathy, and biological signs of @entity8 . All the electrophysiological parameters were significantly more abnormal in @entity1 with @entity989 or macroangiopathy than in @entity1 without these complications. Separate parameter analysis showed that at least one abnormal electrophysiological parameter was almost always found in @entity1 with @entity989 , macroangiopathy, or incipient @entity8 , @entity854 were also found to a slightly lesser extent in @entity1 without these complications. Multivariate analysis showed that when duration of @entity6 , @entity989 , macroangiopathy, and biological signs of @entity8 were introduced into the model, 11 electrophysiological parameters correlated with duration of @entity6 , 11 with @entity989 , seven with macroangiopathy, and five with a sign of @entity8 . This study demonstrates that age and glycemic control have an effect, and @entity6 duration a major effect on peripheral nerve function. It suggests that vascular factors may participate in the development of @entity66 .

title: @entity1897 : effects of age, duration of XXXX , glycemic control, and vascular factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['but abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: To systematically review the literature evaluating efficacy and adverse events of @entity1169 treatment for @entity7492 , we searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for all studies examining the response of @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ) to @entity1169 published between June 12, 2008, and June 15, 2012. Forty-one studies with 1,264 @entity1 were included; 74% of @entity1 were female and approximately 30% had received other treatments before @entity1169 . @entity1169 was initiated at a mean age of 6.6  months at a mean dose of 2.1  mg/kg/day and for a mean treatment duration of 6.4  months. The response rate for @entity1 with @entity7492 treated with @entity1169 was 98% (range 82%-100%), with response rate defined as any improvement with @entity1169 . Treatment response rates were comparable for studies evaluating @entity7492 at specific sites, such as periorbital @entity7492 . Studies that followed @entity1 after treatment completion reported IH rebound growth in 17% of @entity1 . There were 371 adverse events reported in 1,189 @entity1 . The most common adverse events were changes in sleep (n  =  136) and acrocyanosis (n  =  61). Serious adverse events were rare, with reports of symptomatic @entity551 in five @entity1 , @entity4053 in four, and symptomatic @entity1168 in one. This systematic review of 1,264 @entity1 treated with @entity1169 for @entity7492 showed a high rate of efficacy and a low rate of serious adverse events.

title: @entity1169 and XXXX four years later: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangiomas', 'IHs']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity7492 :: (MESH:C535860,Disease) :: ['infantile hemangiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a public health need to balance timely generation of hypotheses with cautious causal inference. For rare @entity5 this is particularly challenging because standard epidemiological study designs may not be able to elucidate causal factors in an early period of newly emerging risks. Alternative methodologies need to be considered for generating and shaping hypotheses prior to definitive investigation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether open-access databases can be used to explore links between potential risk factors and @entity5 at an ecological level, using the case study of @entity1313 as an example. METHODS: National age-adjusted @entity5 incidence rates were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 resource and combined with data from the United Nations Development Report and the World Bank list of development indicators. Data were analysed using multivariate regression models. RESULTS: @entity5 rates, potential confounders and environmental risk factors were available for 165 of 208 countries. 2008 national incidences of @entity1313 were associated with continent, gross national income in 2008 and @entity1 Development Index Score. The only exogenous risk factor consistently associated with higher incidence was the penetration rate of mobile/cellular telecommunications subscriptions, although other factors were highlighted. According to these ecological results the latency period is at least 11-12 years, but probably more than 20 years. Missing data on @entity5 incidence and for other potential risk factors prohibit more detailed investigation of exposure-response associations and/or explore other hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS: Readily available ecological data may be underused, particularly for the study of risk factors for @entity395 and those with long latencies. The results of ecological analyses in general should not be overinterpreted in causal inference, but equally they should not be ignored where alternative signals of aetiology are lacking.

title: Environmental risk factors for XXXX : the use of ecological data to generate hypotheses.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain and nervous system cancers']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['cancers of the brain and nervous system']


abstract: @entity1375 has previously been shown to increase risk for neonatal intensive care treatment, but otherwise the association between @entity1374 and neonatal morbidity is understudied. The Consortium on Safe Labor, a retrospective cohort (2002-2008), included 223,512 singleton deliveries of which 0.2% had @entity1378 , 1.4% primary and 0.1% @entity1375 , and 1.3% other/unspecified @entity1374 . Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimated adjusted odds ratios of adverse outcomes. Intensive care treatment was more common for neonates of @entity1 with @entity1374 . @entity1378 and @entity1375 were associated with @entity295 , @entity649 , transient @entity7405 , and @entity386 . @entity1375 was associated with @entity295 and @entity417 . @entity1378 was also associated with rare outcomes (prevalence, <1%) including @entity296 , @entity989 , and neonatal @entity1374 . @entity1378 @entity1 had higher odds of term @entity1 that weighed <2,500 g, and @entity1375 non-Hispanic white @entity1 had higher odds of large-for-gestational-age @entity1 . These analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity due to interaction. Associations were similar in analyses restricted to term @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity1374 were associated with increased neonatal morbidity. Although we lacked data on treatment during pregnancy, these nationwide data suggest a need for better @entity1374 management to reduce neonatal morbidity.

title: Neonatal outcomes and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Iatrogenic hypothyroidism', 'iatrogenic hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid', 'Maternal hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal anemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism', 'Hyperthyroid non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['maternal thyroid disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 plays a key role in @entity731 . Up until now only limited evidence exists on the mechanism of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity308 . In addition @entity308 was also linked to an increase in cardiovascular mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the extent of platelet activation and platelet-derived markers of @entity731 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity308 . METHODS: This study used whole blood aggregometry, flow cytometry and ELISA to investigate platelet @entity8729 ( @entity8729 ) expression and @entity731 markers ( @entity2936 , @entity11603 ) as well as serum @entity18042 ( @entity18042 ) and @entity4938 ( @entity4938 ) levels in 46 @entity1 . @entity1 with newly diagnosed, but not yet medically treated @entity308 (n  =  21) were compared to healthy control @entity1 . RESULTS: The platelet activation marker @entity8729 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity308 (2.62% @entity308 versus 1.27% controls; p  =  0.006). Further we found basal @entity2936 (6.7% vs. 4.8%; p  =  0.002) and basal @entity11603 (31.0% vs. 22.0%; p  =  0.025) to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity308 as compared to control @entity1 . In addition sCD40L (52.7 vs. 44.4  ng/ml; p  =  0.023) and @entity4938 differed significantly in @entity308 @entity1 (206.9 vs. 182.8  ng/ml; p  =  0.001). However, basal @entity1427 (97.0% vs. 96.3%; p  =  0.57), @entity27463 (96.7% vs. 94.7%; p  =  0.28) and @entity18042 (89.61 vs. 81.75  IU/ml; p  =  0.10) and the aggregometry results did not differ significantly between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings with elevated @entity2936 and @entity11603 as well as @entity8729 and @entity4938 in newly diagnosed @entity1 emphasize that @entity308 is linked to a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state and this possibly contributes to accelerated @entity731 .

title: Newly diagnosed XXXX is associated with increased @entity4938 levels and increased expression of platelet activation markers and platelet derived @entity2936 - @entity11603 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Patients', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-thromboglobulin', 'b-TG']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the incidence of @entity320 in situ (MIS) is increasing significantly. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes selected clinical and demographic characteristics of MIS cases observed in private dermatology practices in the United States. METHODS: This study collected 257 MIS cases from 4 private dermatology practices in the United States from January 2005 through December 2009, recording age, gender, anatomic location, lesion size, @entity1 -reported change in lesion, and concern about lesion. Case totals for invasive @entity320 during the same period were recorded. RESULTS: The data collected showed a higher incidence of MIS in sun-exposed areas of older @entity1 , especially @entity1 . The median age of @entity1 at the time of MIS detection was 69 years. The most common site for MIS was the head-neck region. The number of MIS cases collected exceeded the number of invasive @entity320 cases during the study period, with an observed ratio of 1.35:1. LIMITATIONS: For 136 @entity1 , data were collected retrospectively for lesion size, location, gender, and age. For these @entity1 , @entity1 -reported change in lesion and concern about lesion were not collected. @entity1 often did not consent to a full body examination, therefore, it is possible that MIS lesions may have been missed in double-clothed areas. CONCLUSION: Careful attention to @entity66 , even lesions less than 4 mm, on sun-exposed areas, including scalp, trunk, and feet, will facilitate earlier diagnosis of MIS. As only 30.4% of male @entity1 and 50% of female @entity1 had concern about these lesions, it still falls to the dermatologist to discover MIS.

title: XXXX in a private practice setting 2005 through 2009: location, lesion size, lack of concern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma in situ']


abstract: We have maintained a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity1276 created to overproduce the cytokine, @entity641 ( @entity641 ) in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to estimate the embryonic period when the @entity19 would develop @entity1276 , by investigating the chronological developmental changes of the cerebral ventricles. Qualitative analysis of ventricular size was performed on sections cut in the coronal plane of embryos at the 15th (E15) and 18th (E18) embryonic days, and postnatal @entity19 aged 4 days (P4). The presence of the @entity641 transgene was determined by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. We have examined 24 embryos and 14 postnatal @entity19 . By performing PCR analysis, the @entity641 transgene was determined to be present in 16 (42.1%). Five of 16 embryos at E15 carried the transgene, and showed a slight enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Three of 8 embryos at E18 carried the transgene, and had remarkable enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Eight of 14 pups at P4 carried the transgene, and 7 of 8 pups with the transgene developed @entity1276 . In pups that were positive for the transgene, massive enlargement of the lateral ventricles was observed and there was an associated thinning of the overlying cerebral cortex. These results suggest that @entity1276 may develop at an important embryonic time period, which coincides with the stage of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the CNS.

title: Chronologic changes of cerebral ventricular size in a transgenic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hydrocephalus', 'hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of more than 2 cm have an increased risk of @entity5 . The aim of the present study was: (i) to define the guidelines for laparoscopic enucleation (LapEn) in @entity1 with a non-functional @entity5  <=3 cm in diameter; (ii) to evaluate @entity532 ; and (iii) to present the long-term outcome. METHODS: Between April 1998 and September 2010, 30 consecutive @entity1 underwent laparoscopic surgery for a non-functional @entity5 (median age 56.5 years, range 44-83). Only 13 @entity1 with @entity5  <=3 cm in size underwent LapEn. Local lymph node dissection to exclude lymph node involvement was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The median tumour size, operative time and @entity190 were 2.8 cm (range 2.8-3), 130 min (range 90-280) and 220 ml (range 120-300), respectively. A @entity3472 occurred in five @entity1 : International Study Group of @entity3472 (ISGPF) A in two @entity1 and ISGPF B in three @entity1 . The median follow-up was 48 months (12-144). Three @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity189 are free of disease 2, 3 and 4 years after LapEn and a regional lymphadenectomy. One @entity1 , 5 years after a LapEn, presented with lymph node and liver @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the technical feasibility and acceptable morbidity associated with LapEn. Intra-operative lymph node sampling and frozen-section examination should be performed at the time of LapEn; when a @entity5 is confirmed, oncologically appropriate lymph node dissection should be performed.

title: Outcome after laparoscopic enucleation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Non-functional endocrine pancreatic tumours', 'NPT', 'tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-related complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic Fistula', 'pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['non-functional neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) is a debilitating condition with a marked social impact. The impact of @entity308 and Treatment-Resistant @entity308 (TRD+) within the Brazilian health system is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to compare resource utilization and costs of care for treatment-resistant @entity308 relative to non-treatment-resistant @entity308 (TRD-). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 212 @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity308 according to the ICD-10 criteria. Specific criteria were used to identify @entity1 with TRD+. Resource utilization was estimated, and the consumption of medication was annualized. We obtained information on medical visits, procedures, hospitalizations, emergency department visits and medication use related or not to @entity308 . RESULTS: The sample consisted of 90 TRD+ and 122 TRD- @entity1 . TRD+ @entity1 used significantly more resources from the @entity146 service, but not from non- @entity146 clinics, compared to TRD- @entity1 . Furthermore, TRD+ @entity1 were significantly more likely to require hospitalizations. Overall, TRD+ @entity1 imposed significantly higher (81.5%) annual costs compared to TRD- @entity1 (R  5,520.85; @entity10479  3,075.34 vs. R  3,042.14; @entity10479  1,694.60). These findings demonstrate the burden of @entity308 , and especially of TRD+ @entity1 , to the tertiary public health system. Our study should raise awareness of the impact of TRD+ and should be considered by policy makers when implementing public mental health initiatives.

title: Treatment-resistant XXXX increases health costs and resource utilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'depression', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are few detailed studies of annual or seasonal variations in hormone concentrations in @entity1 . This study examines the components of biological variation, including seasonality, in plasma TSH, total T3 (TT3), free T4 (FT4), PRL, @entity701 and @entity251 in healthy volunteers. DESIGN: Monthly blood samplings for the assay of the above hormones were collected during one calendar year. SUBJECTS: Thirteen normal @entity1 and 13 normal @entity1 participated in the present study (mean age 38.7 +/- 13.4 years). MEASUREMENTS: Assays of TSH, TT3 and FT4 were carried out by means of immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), PRL by ELISA, @entity701 by a fluorescence immunoassay, and @entity251 with RIA. The time series were analysed by means of (bivariate or multivariate) spectral and cosinor analyses. RESULTS: Significant annual, four-monthly and biannual rhythms were detected in serum TSH; the lowest TSH values were observed in spring. A significant annual rhythm was detected in TT3, with lower values in spring and summer than in the other seasons. The peak-trough differences in the yearly variation expressed as a percentage of the mean were 29.1% and 8.2% for TSH and TT3, respectively. The yearly variation in plasma @entity701 was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity1 : in @entity1 , 5.9% of the variation was explained by an annual rhythm, while in @entity1 14.7% was explained by the fourth and seventh harmonical wave. The peak-trough differences in the yearly variation in plasma @entity701 were 17.6% and 31.8% in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. There were no significant seasonal rhythms in PRL, FT4 or @entity251 . The intraindividual/interindividual CV values were: TSH 29.3/48.4%, TT3 9.4/ 18.5%, FT4 7.1/9.1%, PRL 39.2/65.0%, @entity701 21.7/ 46.2%, and @entity251 12.6/40.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of individuality measured in the plasma hormones is such that conventional population-based reference ranges may not correctly identify major alterations in these hormones in individual subjects.

title: Components of biological variation, including seasonality, in blood concentrations of TSH, TT3, FT4, PRL, XXXX and @entity251 in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clearance changes of Tc-99m @entity12306 aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; mean age, 51 +/- 14 years) with possible @entity1151 were included in the study. On the day after perfusion (Q) scintigraphy with 5 mCi Tc-99m MAA, radioaerosol inhalation scintigraphy was performed using 45 mCi Tc-99m @entity12306 . Immediately and 45 minutes after the inhalation, early and delayed inhalation images (EI and DI, respectively) were obtained. Group 1 included 11 @entity1 with mismatched defects who had a high probability of @entity1151 according to the Q/EI scan results. Group 2 included 10 @entity1 with matched defects who had a low probability of PE. Contralateral normal lungs of 7 @entity1 in group 2 served as controls (group 3). In groups 1 and 2, regions of interest were drawn over the mismatched and matched perfusion defects where they were best visualized, and this region of interest was mirrored to the same region on EI and DI images. For the control group, this was done in the contralateral normal lung. Mean counts in each region of interest were used for quantitative analysis, and the percentage clearance ratio was calculated using the following formula: early counts - late counts/early counts x 100. RESULTS: The average percentage clearances for the three groups were as follows: group 1, 37% +/- 10%; group 2, 21% +/- 4%; group 3, 24% +/- 7%. Differences between groups 1 and 3 were significant, as were those between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). @entity1 with mismatched perfusion defects had increased @entity12306 clearance compared with the control group and those with matched defects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 may lead to impairment of the alveolar-capillary barrier and consequently an increase in the clearance of Tc-99m @entity12306 aerosol in embolized regions. Immediately after inhalation, Tc-99m @entity12306 imaging should be started in the projection where perfusion defects are best seen to avoid potential misinterpretation of @entity1151 .

title: Clearance of Tc-99m XXXX aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity12306 :: (MESH:C028145|MESH:D004369,Chemical) :: ['DTPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors that may influence the appearance of @entity2530 after @entity173 . DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Twelve @entity1 between the ages of fifty-nine and eighty-eight who had developed @entity2530 of the @entity2738 after treatment of an intertrochanteric femur @entity174 at our institution between 1976 and 1995. @entity174 were classified according to Kyle and Gustilo. There were three Type I, two Type II, six Type III, and one Type IV @entity174 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for @entity2530 , @entity174 pattern, surgical influence, location of the nail within the @entity2738 , and @entity893 . RESULTS: All @entity174 healed. Five @entity1 had risk factors for @entity2530 . @entity173 with a proximal @entity174 line appeared in five @entity1 . The nail tip was situated in every quadrant of the @entity2738 . @entity893 occurred in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2530 of the @entity2738 is an uncommon complication after @entity173 . The pathogenesis is unknown, but in @entity1 developing @entity158 who have had @entity173 , @entity2530 should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially in cases with risk factors for @entity2530 or a proximal intertrochanteric @entity174 line that perhaps disrupts the vascular anastomotic ring at the base of the femoral neck.

title: @entity2530 of the XXXX after @entity173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Intertrochanteric fractures', 'intertrochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['Valgus malalignment', 'valgus malalignment']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis', 'avascular necrosis', 'Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the prognostic value of thyroid suppression therapy in @entity1 with @entity259 , we studied the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the morphology, proliferation rate, and the T3, T4 production rate of primary @entity259 cells in culture. METHODS: From August 1997 to February 1998 tissues were collected for immediate culture from 13 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity259 . Cells were incubated for 48 h with TSH in different concentrations. T3 and T4 production was measured by radioimmunoassay; cell proliferation was measured in a radioactive counter. Morphology was determined by cytologic examination. RESULTS: Ten samples were eligible for analysis. Changes in TSH affected T3 and T4 levels. The proliferation rate was not influenced by TSH levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3557 cells grown in culture maintain their T3 and T4 synthesis ability. This ability is TSH-dependent and correlates with TSH concentration. The morphology of the cells is also maintained. However, their proliferation is not TSH-dependent, placing the current postthyroidectomy treatment policy in question.

title: Effect of exogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone on XXXX cells in tissue culture.

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid papillary carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['thyroid papillary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although surgical resectability is an important prognostic factor, recurrences are commonly noted in advanced @entity14 @entity1 , even after apparently curative surgery. Because such recurrences cannot be cured, better adjuvant chemotherapies are urgently required. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied the effect of postoperative chemotherapy using @entity11221 ( @entity11221 ) oral administration with or without @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) infusion for curatively resected @entity14 . This study was prospectively randomized and controlled and 303 (95.6%) of 316 @entity1 were determined to be candidates for statistical assessment. Group A received oral HCFU, 300 mg daily for 52 weeks beginning 2 weeks after surgery. Group B also received @entity1487 intravenous injection, 333 mg/m2 body surface area/24 hours continuously for 72 hours beginning on postoperative day 0 and 6. RESULTS: There were no differences in overall 5-year survival or disease-free survival between Groups A and B. Group B had better 5-year disease-free survival (47.6%) than Group A (42.9%) (p = 0.062) and significantly prolonged interval from surgery to recurrence (p = 0.003) for @entity1 with @entity1600 . In contrast, group B had significantly shortened 5-year disease-free survival (p = 0.010) and increased recurrence rate in @entity1 without @entity1600 . CONCLUSION: Inductive therapy with @entity1487 in combination with oral HCFU is beneficial as adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced @entity14 with @entity1600 .

title: Randomized controlled trial of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) infusion combined with @entity11221 (HCFU) oral administration and HCFU alone as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II and III colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity11221 :: ('MESH:C017367', 'Chemical') :: ['HCFU', '1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral @entity617 , followed by inhaled @entity4184 , in @entity1 with newly diagnosed (<3 months) stage I and stage II @entity10070 . DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. SETTING: Twenty pulmonary medicine departments in Finland. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-nine adult @entity1 were randomized to treatment. @entity1 with @entity5406 or stage IV @entity370 ( @entity3794 ), and @entity1 requiring immediate treatment with oral @entity288 for extrapulmonary lesions or chronic illnesses were excluded. TREATMENT: The @entity1 received either oral @entity617 for 3 months (20 mg/d for 8 weeks, 15 mg/d for 2 weeks, and 10 mg/d for 2 weeks) followed by inhaled @entity4184 (Pulmicort Turbuhaler; Astra Draco; Lund, Sweden) for 15 months at 800 microg bid, or placebo tablets followed by placebo inhaler therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Chest radiographs, lung volumes (FVC), diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 (D(LCO)), serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE), and @entity2262 at 3-month intervals. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, radiographic improvements were seen in the active-treatment group when compared to the placebo-treatment group. At 6 months, the difference was still statistically significant. Later, no differences were found. In @entity1 with initial stage I lesions, neither the FVC nor the D(LCO) (the percent predicted mean values) changed during the study, as they were normal from the beginning. In @entity1 with @entity34 , the difference in the FVC mean values between the groups also remained unchanged throughout the study. In stage II @entity1 treated for 18 months, but not earlier, the difference in D(LCO) became statistically significant; the largest differences were seen in @entity1 with initial FVC values <80% of predicted and D(LCO) values <75% of predicted. The decrease in SACE in the active-treated stage II @entity1 was significantly larger than in the placebo-treated @entity1 . No difference was observed in adverse events between the active-treated @entity1 and the placebo-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Treatment is not required for @entity1 with stage I disease. An initial treatment with @entity617 followed by long-term inhalation of @entity4184 is more effective than placebo in @entity1 with @entity34 . Sequential oral and inhaled corticosteroid therapy may be an alternative treatment regimen for stage II @entity370 @entity1 , rather than long-term oral corticosteroid therapy alone.

title: Oral XXXX followed by inhaled @entity4184 in newly diagnosed @entity10070 : a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Finnish @entity10070 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease', 'initial stage II disease']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: Most serious complications after @entity886 ( @entity886 ) in Takayasu's and Beh  et's diseases are repeated detachment of the prosthetic valve and formation of a false @entity439 . Therefore, special consideration of the surgical treatment of @entity3665 involving the aortic root is required. Fifteen @entity1 (12 with @entity12040 and three with Beh  et's disease) underwent various surgical procedures, depending on the pathological changes in the aortic valve and the aortic root and on the degree of involvement of the coronary artery. Group 1 @entity1 had coronary artery involvement alone and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 3); group 2 @entity1 had @entity337 with an intact coronary artery and underwent @entity886 or a modified Bentall procedure (n = 7); and group 3 @entity1 had @entity337 with coronary artery involvement and underwent @entity886 , a modified Bentall procedure, or translocation with CABG (n = 5). A prosthetic valve or composite graft with a Teflon felt flange at the sewing ring was fabricated during surgery by exact measurement of the sizes of the aortic annulus and distal aorta and treatment with fibrin glue before insertion. The double-fixation method with reinforcement by a Teflon felt strip was employed for @entity254 of the flanged prosthesis. The button-shaped coronary ostium was directly anastomosed to the composite graft. One @entity1 required translocation with CABG because of a deteriorated annulus. There were no operative or hospital deaths. One @entity1 died of a @entity867 at 6 months after surgery, and another @entity1 who underwent CABG required CABG reoperation due to graft occlusion. We recommend postoperative steroid therapy in @entity1 who are diagnosed as being in the active stage of the disease until inflammatory signs disappear.

title: Surgical consideration of XXXX involving the aortic root.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity3665 :: (MESH:D001025,Disease) :: ['aortitis']


abstract: The research on components of the renin-angiotensin system delivered a broad image of @entity1808 -binding sites. Especially, immunohistochemistry (IHC) provided an exact anatomical localization of the @entity1129 (1) receptor in the @entity35 brain. Yet, controversial results between in vitro receptor autoradiography and IHC as well as between immunohistochemical studies using various antisera started a vehement discussion concerning specificity and cross-reactivity of these antisera. In particular the magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) provided controversial results on the localization of @entity1129 (1) receptors. Both areas are known for @entity1808 -induced release of vasopressin (VP) and @entity398 (OXT). To evaluate the significance of the appropriate method of antigen retrieval and its relevance for the detection of @entity1129 (1) receptors we performed IHC on @entity1129 (1) receptors in @entity1604 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded brain tissue of @entity35 using either the detergent @entity6000 or microwave oven heating. This study demonstrates that heat-induced hydrolysis enhances the quality and quantity of immunoreactivity (IR) in IHC on @entity1129 (1) receptors. In the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and in the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN we report a distribution of @entity1129 (1)-like-IR similar to that observed with other methods. However, in addition, we provide evidence that distinct @entity1129 (1)-like-IR is also localized in few magnocellular neurons of the PVN and in few parvocellular neurons of the dorsal SON but not in magnocellular neurons of the SON. Moreover, parallel IHC indicates that few magnocellular OXT- or VP-releasing neurons of the PVN as well as parvocellular OXT-releasing neurons of the SON do also contain @entity1129 (1) receptors.

title: The use of heat-induced hydrolysis in immunohistochemistry on @entity1808 (AT1) receptors enhances the immunoreactivity in @entity1604 -fixed brain tissue of normotensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 (NETs) are rare @entity11809 . Whereas early surgical resection can significantly reduce @entity5 mass, there are few data available concerning the control of hormonal secretion and associated symptoms. Studies have shown that the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity2240 significantly prolongs progression-free survival in @entity1 with pancreatic NETs. Here, we present 2 case reports of @entity2240 in @entity1 with different types of NETs. METHODS: The @entity1 were a 12-year-old @entity1 with metastatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ) and a 70-year-old @entity1 with metastatic @entity1823 /NET. Both were treated in an outpatient clinical setting. @entity2240 was titrated to 37.5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule in the @entity1 with @entity11563 , and the dose was 50 mg/d (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) in the @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET. RESULTS: The @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET had a confirmed complete radiographic response and the @entity1 with @entity11563 had a confirmed partial response (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ). In both @entity1 , improvements were observed in biochemical @entity5 markers, clinical responses, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: In these @entity1 , @entity2240 reduced biochemical markers and stabilized or reduced @entity5 bulk and may therefore be a potential therapeutic option for these @entity5 types.

title: @entity2240 for the treatment of metastatic XXXX and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of the endocrine and nervous systems']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: One of the primary purposes of genetic testing for mutations in the @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes in @entity1 with @entity5344 has been to provide accurate advice to at-risk relatives. The provision of such advice has been hampered by a lack of appropriate data regarding the @entity5 risks. Chen and colleagues recently provided precise estimates of the relative risks of @entity5344 in almost 2000 kindreds with such mutations ascertained through @entity5 clinics across USA. The baseline incidence of @entity0 is lower in Australia than in North America. The relative risks derived from the study have been combined with Australian baseline incidence data to estimate the absolute short-term and long-term risks of @entity5344 for Australian carriers of different ages. The results are presented as a series of graphs that may be useful in counselling an unaffected carrier of a specified age. It is of note that the incidence of @entity0 in carriers is high in premenopausal @entity1 , but approaches the population incidence in postmenopausal @entity1 . Conversely, the incidence of @entity43 continues to increase from the age of 40 years. Among carriers of @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutations, the cumulative lifetime risk of developing @entity0 is 50-60% and the equivalent risk of @entity43 is 20-40%. An unaffected carrier aged 60 years is at greater risk of developing @entity43 than @entity0 . These observations have important implications for genetic counselling and decisions regarding prophylactic surgery.

title: XXXX risks for Australian @entity1 with a @entity5345 or a @entity2674 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancers', 'familial breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'familial cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of perioperative complications and evaluate risk factors for the major complications of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) using an early ureteral identification technique. We describe the technique we standardized and used for TLH, without exclusion criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out at Kurashiki Medical Center, Japan, based on 1253 TLH procedures performed from January 2005 to March 2009. We reviewed records to identify the major perioperative complications, including bladder, ureteral, and @entity1944 , and incidences of reoperation. Risk factors for major complications were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 encountered major complications (1.91%). Complications included 10 intraoperative @entity130 , five cases of postoperative @entity3041 , five cases of vaginal dehiscence, one @entity130 , one @entity86 , one @entity1744 , and one @entity292 . All 11 cases of @entity3816 were recognized during the surgery and repaired during the same laparoscopic surgical procedure. Of the risk factors analyzed, a history of abdominal surgery was the only one associated with the occurrence of major complications, with an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval 1.23-6.49). CONCLUSION: While complications are inevitable, even in the hands of the most skilled surgeon, they can be minimized without conversion to laparotomy by a sufficiently developed suturing technique and a precise knowledge of pelvic anatomy. The presented data indicate that our method allows for safe TLH and minimization of @entity1901 , without the use of stringent exclusion criteria.

title: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy in 1253 XXXX using an early ureteral identification technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injury']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urologic injuries', 'bowel injury']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative visceral injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']