abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 and @entity6 family history are the two strongest risk factors for @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Prior work shows that an individual's @entity28 risk is associated with @entity28 in social contacts, but whether @entity2175 risk follows similar patterns is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the relationship between @entity28 or @entity6 in an individual's social contacts and his/her @entity2175 risk. We hypothesized that @entity28 and @entity6 in social contacts would increase an individual's @entity2175 risk. DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis of the community-based Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). @entity1 : FOS @entity1 with @entity2175 status, height and weight, and at least one social contact were eligible for this study (n   =   4797 at Exam 1). @entity1 ' interpersonal ties, cardiometabolic and demographic variables were available at eight exams from 1971 to 2008, and a @entity2175 additive polygenic risk score was measured at the fifth exam. MAIN MEASURES: Primary exposures were @entity2175 (fasting @entity413   >=    7 mmol/L or taking @entity6 medications) and @entity28 status (BMI   >=    30 kg/m(2)) of social contacts at a prior exam. Primary outcome was incident @entity2175 in @entity1 . KEY RESULTS: Incident @entity2175 was associated with having a social contact with @entity6 (OR 1.32, p   =   0.004) or with @entity28 (OR 1.21, p   =   0.004). In stratified analyses, incident @entity2175 was associated with @entity6 in siblings (OR 1.64, p   =   0.001) and @entity28 in spouses (OR 1.54, p =   0.0004). The associations between @entity6 and @entity28 in social contacts and an individual's incident @entity6 risk were stronger in individuals with a high @entity6 genetic risk score. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2175 and @entity28 in social contacts, particularly siblings and spouses, were associated with an individual's risk of incident @entity6 even after accounting for parental @entity2175 history. Assessing risk factors in an individual's siblings and spouses can inform @entity2175 risk; furthermore, social network based lifestyle interventions involving spouses and siblings might be a novel @entity2175 prevention approach.

title: Incident Type 2 @entity6 Risk is Influenced by @entity28 and XXXX in Social Contacts: a Social Network Analysis.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Most of the studies concerning enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in colorectal surgery include heterogeneous groups of @entity1 undergoing open or laparoscopic surgery, both due to @entity694 , thus creating a potential bias. The data investigating the differences between @entity1 operated for either @entity694 are sparse. The aim of the study was to compare short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for @entity694 with ERAS protocol. The analysis included consecutive prospectively registered @entity1 operated for a @entity14 between January 2012 and September 2015. @entity1 were divided into two groups (colon vs. rectum). The measured outcomes were: length of stay (LOS), complication rate, readmission rate, compliance with ERAS protocol elements and recovery parameters (tolerance of early oral diet, mobilization and time to first flatus). Group 1 (colon) consisted of 150 @entity1 and Group 2 (rectum) of 82 @entity1 . @entity1 in Group 1 (150 @entity1 ) were discharged home earlier than in Group 2 (82 @entity1 )-median LOS 4 versus 5  days, respectively. There was no statistical difference in complication rate (27.3 vs. 36.6  %) and readmissions (7.3 vs. 6.1  %). Compliance with the protocol was 86.9 and 82.6  %, respectively. However, in Group 1, the following procedures were used less frequently: bowel preparation (24 vs. 78.3  %) and postoperative drainage (23.3 vs. 71.0  %). There were no differences in recovery parameters between the groups. Univariate logistic regression showed that the type of surgery, drainage and stoma creation significantly prolonged LOS. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only a bowel preparation and drainage were shown to be significant. Although functional recovery and high compliance with ERAS protocol are possible irrespective of the type of surgery, laparoscopic rectal resections are associated with a longer LOS.

title: ERAS protocol in laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : are there differences in short-term outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic or rectal cancer', 'colonic and rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic versus rectal carcinoma']


abstract: SUMMARY: @entity85 might represent another risk factor for postural instability and falls. Relation between spinal curvatures and postural sway were evaluated. Lumbar (not thoracic) @entity1513 and spinal inclination have a statistical correlation with postural sway. @entity85 with @entity1513 may represent as a risk factor for falls. INTRODUCTION: Postural instability has been considered as a risk factor for falls and @entity3604 . Previous studies have demonstrated that several factors display significant relationships with postural instability. @entity85 might represent another risk factor for postural instability and falls. This study evaluates the influence of spinal curvature on postural instability in @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: Subjects comprised 93 @entity1 with a mean age of 70 years. Angles of @entity23057 and spinal inclination that reflected a forward stooped posture were evaluated using a computer-assisted device. Sway and postural instability were evaluated using a computerized stabilometer showing seven parameters. Relationships among parameters of @entity10409 were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: No significant correlations were observed between any parameters of postural balance and angle of @entity1513 . However, all parameters showed significant positive correlations with @entity23057 (r = 0.251-0.334; p < 0.05-0.001). Moreover, lumbar @entity1513 , but not @entity1513 , showed a positive correlation with spinal inclination (r = 0.692, p < 0.001), and all parameters of postural balance showed significant positive correlations with spinal inclination (r = 0.417-0.551, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lumbar @entity1513 , but not @entity1513 , affecting spinal inclination and postural balance may represent a risk factor for falls.

title: Spinal curvature and postural balance in XXXX with @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['postural deformity and postural balance']

entities_list: @entity23057 :: ('MESH:C566002', 'Disease') :: ['angle of lumbar kyphosis', 'thoracic and lumbar kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['lumber kyphosis', 'thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Postural deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6058 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication that is used widely for @entity158 management. Its effects are mediated through the inhibition of @entity2918 , which makes it uniquely different from opioids in relieving @entity158 . We conducted a randomized, prospective, double blind study of @entity1 presenting to our Emergency Department (ED) with a diagnosis of @entity42307 . Study @entity1 were randomized into one of two treatment groups, @entity6882 1.5 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 100 mg or @entity6058 60 mg given intramuscularly (i.m.). The @entity1 rated their @entity158 before and 30 min after medication on a scale of 1 to 10 using a Visual Analog @entity158 Scale. Overall @entity158 relief was compared between the two groups using a two-sample t test. Thirty @entity1 were enrolled in the study, 16 in the @entity6058 group and 14 in the @entity6882 group. @entity1 ranged in age from 18 to 71 years and 6 (20%) were male. The average @entity158 score at time 0 was 7.6 for the @entity6058 group and 7.3 for the @entity6882 group. @entity158 relief at time 30 min was 3.8 in the @entity6058 group and 3.9 in the @entity6882 group, which was not statistically different. The mean global @entity158 score and need for an emergency cholecystectomy were similar in the two groups. Rescue medication for additional analgesia at 30 min was needed in 4 @entity1 in the @entity6882 group and in 2 @entity1 in the @entity6058 group (28.6% versus 12.5%, respectively; NS). In this study of @entity1 with @entity42307 there was no significant difference in the @entity158 relief achieved by using either @entity6058 or @entity6882 .

title: A prospective study comparing i.m. XXXX with i.m. @entity6882 in the treatment of @entity42307 .

entities_list: @entity42307 :: ('MESH:D056844', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary colic']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging differences in an elderly population of subjects with various clinical disorders (including @entity303 , particularly @entity195 and @entity1294 ) and disorders of mild @entity73 were examined. Potential quantitative MR differences were assessed by presence or absence of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 allele and by level of @entity73 . METHODS: One hundred eighty subjects with a diagnosis of @entity303 or other clinical disorders were identified from an eligible population of 5,677 elderly individuals. Age, duration of disease, and head size (where appropriate) were considered as covariates. @entity2204 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction using buccal material. Axial and coronal intermediate- and T2-weighted MR images were quantified using a multispectral segmentation algorithm. Cognitive status was assessed by means of a modified Mini-Mental Status Examination. RESULTS: All types of dementing illness showed significant @entity353 in the majority of structures examined, particularly in the total brain, hippocampus, and white and gray matter, and increased CSF and ventricular volumes. Subjects with mild @entity73 showed fewer @entity3202 but were still distinguishable from the 24 control subjects. Presence of an epsilon4 allele was associated with smaller hippocampal volume in subjects with @entity195 and @entity1294 within just 1 year of disease onset. For other analyses, @entity194 related to the presence of the epsilon4 allele disappeared after controlling for age and length of disease. CONCLUSION: The effects of the epsilon4 allele on brain morphology may be subtly expressed early in the development of @entity303 , but do not specifically affect cerebral @entity194 thereafter. @entity73 is associated with @entity194 irrespective of diagnosis and presence of epsilon4.

title: XXXX , quantitative neuroimaging, and @entity2204 genotype.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reductions']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficit', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity166 remain a major public health problem worldwide. Hence, their surveillance is critical. Currently, many surveillance strategies and systems are in use around the world. An inventory of the data, surveillance strategies, and surveillance systems developed worldwide for the surveillance of @entity166 is presented herein, with emphasis on the role of the microbiology laboratory in surveillance. METHODS: The data, strategies, and systems used around the world for the surveillance of @entity166 and pathogens, along with current issues and trends, were reviewed. RESULTS: Twelve major classes of data were identified on the basis of their timing relative to @entity281 , resources available, and type of surveillance. Two primary strategies were compared: disease-specific surveillance and syndromic surveillance. Finally, 262 systems implemented worldwide for the surveillance of @entity281 were registered and briefly described, with a focus on those based on microbiological data from laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently a wealth of available data on @entity281 , which has been growing with the recent emergence of new technologies. Concurrently with the expansion of computer resources and networks, these data will allow the optimization of real-time detection and notification of @entity281 .

title: Traditional and syndromic surveillance of XXXX and pathogens.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious diseases', 'infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) for hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) provides a long-term cure rate. Delayed @entity3541 (DFP) is not an unusual complication, but it has only been sporadically described in the literature. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the incidence of delayed @entity3541 after @entity5663 and its clinical course and final results. METHODS: From January, 1998 to April, 2004, 410 @entity1 underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial @entity2473 at our Institute. During this time, 21 @entity1 (5.4%) developed delayed @entity425 ; eighteen of them were given @entity134 medication and they were followed up in the out- @entity1 clinic. FINDINGS: Twenty-one @entity1 developed DFP after microvascular decompression an incidence of 5.4%. There were seventeen @entity1 (81.0%) among the 21 @entity1 with DFP who were included in this study. In twenty of them, the symptoms of HFS improved completely after the operation, but the @entity2473 remained with one of them. The onset of palsy occurred between postoperative day 7 and 23 (average: 12.1 days). The palsy was at least Grade II or worse on the House-Brackmann (HB) scale. The time to recovery averaged 5.7 weeks (range: 25 days-17 weeks); 20 @entity1 improved to complete recovery and 1 @entity1 remained with minimal weakness, as Grade II on the HB scale, at the follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that the incidence of @entity8161 was not so low as has been reported the literature, and it did not have any striking predisposing factors. Even though the degree of @entity3541 was variable, almost all @entity1 exhibited a complete recovery without any further special treatment. The etiology of DFP and its association with @entity281 should be further clarified.

title: Frequency and prognosis of delayed @entity3541 after microvascular decompression for hemifacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'Microvascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['herpes infection']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: Two methods of teaching coin summation to retarded adolescents were compared: one method involved a coin-displacement procedure, the other did not. Displacement was designed to compensate for retarded @entity1 ' attention and retention deficits. A pretest-posttest matched-groups design as well as a multiple baseline across coin-counting responses were used. @entity1032 subjects were assigned to either displacement or nondisplacement conditions. Subjects in both groups were first taught to count a single coin and then sum that coin in combination with coins previously taught. Both groups used the same finger-counting procedure; however, subjects in the @entity558 were also required to move each coin aside systematically after it was counted. The training methods were modeling, modeling with subject imitation, and independent counting by the subject. Both groups improved from pre- to posttest; however, the displacement group performance was significantly better. Skill maintenance for both groups was evident on follow-up. Displacement subjects required fewer trials and less time to complete training. Coin displacement may compensate for attention and retention @entity51 @entity1 .

title: Facilitative effects of coin displacement on teaching coin summation to XXXX adolescents.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of retarded']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Fourteen retarded']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['displacement condition']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe an instance of complete @entity5870 with fetal @entity3431 in two consecutive pregnancies. METHODS: We performed prenatal ultrasounds in two consecutive pregnancies and evaluated gross and microscopic postnatal findings. RESULTS: The first pregnancy ended at 32 weeks of gestation with spontaneous chorioamniotic membrane separation and preterm premature @entity397 . The mother delivered an abnormal male @entity1 with generalized fixed @entity1159 , @entity272 around the neck, a rounded and @entity2133 , and palpebral conjunctival eversion. The subsequent pregnancy was also complicated by spontaneous complete chorioamniotic membrane separation, @entity2906 , and fetal growth restriction at 26 + 3 weeks of gestation. A immaturely born second baby also carried multiple anomalies similar to those of the first. Both @entity1 died shortly after birth. After microscopic examination of the skin, we diagnosed the @entity1 as @entity3431 . CONCLUSIONS: Complete separation of the chorion-amnion membrane may be regarded as a serious prenatal condition. @entity3431 or @entity272 caused by defects in collagen or elastic tissue metabolism may be one of the many causes of @entity5870 .

title: Complete chorioamniotic membrane separation with fetal XXXX in two consecutive pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive dermopathy', 'Restrictive dermopathy']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['opened mouth']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorion-amnion separation', 'chorion-amnion membrane separation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['rigid and shiny skin, skin laceration', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity3431 :: (MESH:C536920,Disease) :: ['restrictive dermopathy']


abstract: The NCI-60 cell line set is likely the most molecularly profiled set of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines in the world. However, a critical missing component of previous analyses has been the inability to place the massive amounts of "-omic" data in the context of functional protein signaling networks, which often contain many of the drug targets for new targeted therapeutics. We used reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis to measure the activation/phosphorylation state of 135 proteins, with a total analysis of nearly 200 key protein isoforms involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration, adhesion, etc., in all 60 cell lines. We aggregated the signaling data into biochemical modules of interconnected kinase substrates for 6 key @entity5 signaling pathways: AKT, @entity3470 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ), integrin, and apoptosis signaling. The net activation state of these protein network modules was correlated to available individual protein, phosphoprotein, mutational, metabolomic, miRNA, transcriptional, and drug sensitivity data. Pathway activation mapping identified reproducible and distinct signaling cohorts that transcended organ-type distinctions. Direct correlations with the protein network modules involved largely protein phosphorylation data but we also identified direct correlations of signaling networks with metabolites, miRNA, and DNA data. The integration of protein activation measurements into biochemically interconnected modules provided a novel means to align the functional protein architecture with multiple "-omic" data sets and therapeutic response correlations. This approach may provide a deeper understanding of how cellular biochemistry defines therapeutic response. Such "-omic" portraits could inform rational anticancer agent screenings and drive personalized therapeutic approaches.

title: Systems analysis of the NCI-60 XXXX cell lines by alignment of protein pathway activation modules with "-OMIC" data fields and therapeutic response signatures.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor', 'IGF-1R']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity2493 was considered to be the sole member of this natural family. The emergence of naturally occurring @entity2493 isomers (MIs) has opened an exciting new research area. Currently, several MIs have been identified in wine, and these molecules are believed to be synthesized by either @entity375 or bacteria. A tentative nomenclature for the MIs is proposed in this article. It will be important to explore whether all organisms have the capacity to synthesize MIs, especially under the conditions of environmental stress. These isomers probably share many of the biological functions of @entity2493 , but their activities seem to exceed those of @entity2493 . On basis of the limited available information, it seems that MIs differ in their biosynthetic pathways from @entity2493 . Especially in those compounds in which the aliphatic side chain is not attached to ring atom 3, the starting material may not be @entity2340 . Also, the metabolic pathways of MIs remain unknown. This, therefore, is another promising area of research to explore. It is our hypothesis that MIs would increase the performance of @entity375 and probiotic bacteria during the processes of fermentation. Therefore, @entity375 producing elevated levels of these isomers might have a superior @entity167 tolerance and be able to produce higher levels of @entity167 . This can be tested by comparing existing @entity375 strains differing in @entity167 tolerance. Selection for MIs may become a strategy for isolating more resistant @entity375 and Lactobacillus strains, which can be of interest for industrial @entity167 production and quality improvements in bacterially fermented foods such as kimchi.

title: Emergence of naturally occurring XXXX isomers and their proposed nomenclature.

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Control of @entity548 is crucial during liver resection, and several techniques have been developed to achieve this. This study compared the safety and efficacy of selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) and Pringle manoeuvre in partial hepatectomy for @entity96 compressing or involving major hepatic veins. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing liver resection between January 2003 and December 2010 for @entity96 compressing or involving one or more major hepatic veins were identified retrospectively from a prospective institutional database. Either SHVE or Pringle manoeuvre was used to minimize @entity190 during hepatectomy. Data on demographics and the intraoperative and postoperative course were analysed. RESULTS: From the database of 3900 @entity1 , 1420 were identified who underwent liver resection for @entity5 encroaching on major hepatic veins using either SHVE (550) or the Pringle manoeuvre (870). Intraoperative @entity190 (mean(s.d.) 480(210) versus 830(340) ml; P = 0  007) and transfusion requirements (mean(s.d.) 1  3(0  6) versus 2  9(1  4) units; P = 0  008) were significantly less in the SHVE group. In the Pringle group, @entity99 resulted in major @entity954 of over 1000 ml in 65 @entity1 (7  5 per cent) and air @entity887 in 14 (1  6 per cent), and three @entity1 (0  3 per cent) died during surgery, whereas there was no major @entity548 , air @entity887 or intraoperative death in the SHVE group. @entity1578 , @entity881 and in-hospital death were significantly more common in the Pringle group (P = 0  019, P = 0  032 and P = 0  004 respectively). CONCLUSION: SHVE was more efficacious than the Pringle manoeuvre in minimizing @entity954 and air @entity887 during partial hepatectomy for @entity5 encroaching on major hepatic veins, and decreased the postoperative @entity1578 rate.

title: Selective hepatic vascular exclusion versus Pringle manoeuvre in liver resection for XXXX encroaching on major hepatic veins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: @entity5962 , the major intercellular adhesion molecule of epithelial cells, is important in determining the architecture of @entity242 , especially those showing epithelioid features. In addition to its role in cell adhesion, @entity3546 , a cadherin undercoat protein, has been shown to function as a downstream transcriptional activator of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. In order to evaluate the significance of the cadherin cell adhesion system and the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in the morphogenesis and/or tumorigenesis of @entity1352 (a major type of @entity242 with epithelioid features), immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin, @entity5962 , and their undercoat proteins ( @entity42331 ) was evaluated in 15 @entity1352 . Immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin, @entity5962 , @entity19207 , @entity3546 , and @entity8780 was observed in all 15 specimens. Immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin was stronger than that for @entity5962 . Expression of gamma-catenin was detected in ten specimens. Although @entity3546 was observed only at the cell-cell boundaries in four specimens, it was present in the nucleus and cytoplasm and at the cell-cell boundaries in the other 11, suggesting constitutional activation of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in @entity1352 . Direct sequencing for exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene, however, revealed no mutations in any of the 15 specimens. In conclusion, other types of cadherin besides @entity5962 , together with cadherin undercoat proteins, may play a role in cell adhesion in @entity1352 . Furthermore, mechanisms other than mutation of exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene may activate the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in this type of @entity5 .

title: Expression of cadherins and their undercoat proteins ( @entity42331 ) and accumulation of @entity3546 with no gene mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['synovial sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Birth order is associated with outcomes such as birth weight and adult @entity2113 ( @entity2113 ), but little is known about the association with adult height. This potential birth order-height association is important because height predicts health, and because the association may help explain population-level height trends. We studied the birth order-height association and whether it varies by family characteristics or birth cohort. METHODS: We used the Swedish Military Conscription Register to analyse adult height among 652,518 @entity1 born in 1951-1983 using fixed effects regression models that compare brothers and account for genetic and social factors shared by brothers. We stratified the analysis by family size, parental @entity2113 and birth cohort. We compared models with and without birth weight and birth length controls. RESULTS: Unadjusted analyses showed no differences between the first two birth orders but in the fixed effects regression, birth orders 2, 3 and 4 were associated with 0.4, 0.7 and 0.8 cm (p<0.001 for each) shorter height than birth order 1, respectively. The associations were similar in large and small and high- @entity2113 and low- @entity2113 families, but were attenuated in recent cohorts. Birth characteristics did not explain these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Birth order is an important determinant of height. The height difference between birth orders 3 and 1 is larger than the population-level height increase achieved over 10 years. The attenuation of the effect over cohorts may reflect improvements in living standards. Decreases in family size may explain some of the secular-height increases in countries with decreasing fertility.

title: The association between height and birth order: evidence from 652,518 Swedish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['SEP', 'socioeconomic position']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Early clinical results were evaluated for 22 adult @entity1 who had undergone an open wedge tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis ( @entity264 ) due to medial compartment @entity571 . The mean age at the time of the index operation was 56 (range 33-66) years. The mean duration of follow up was 16 (range 9-23) months. The median hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) was 169 (range 162-186) deg preoperatively and 182 (range 175-191) deg at follow up. We did not observe any early collapse of the new bone wedge. The median time to fixation was 79 (range 63-125) days. Complications included two @entity281 , and two @entity1410 were revised. Two @entity1 felt @entity158 during the phase of distraction, but the procedure could be continued after a short break. We evaluated the clinical results on the HSS, Lysholm, and Tegner activity scores. At the latest follow up examination, all of the scores had improved. Our findings demonstrate that @entity264 requires an exact correction, is a simple technique, and appears to reduce the chance of nerve and @entity1504 .

title: Open wedge tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis for medial compartment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pintract infections']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity37106 386B, an @entity1543 bacterium originating from a spontaneous @entity6353 bean heap fermentation, proved to be an ideal functional starter culture for coca bean fermentations. It is able to dominate the fermentation process, thereby resisting high @entity1543 concentrations and temperatures. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities and niche adaptations are unknown. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis was used to investigate this strain's mechanisms to dominate the @entity6353 bean fermentation process. RESULTS: The genome sequence of A. pasteurianus 386B is composed of a 2.8-Mb chromosome and seven plasmids. The annotation of 2875 protein-coding sequences revealed important characteristics, including several metabolic pathways, the occurrence of strain-specific genes such as an endopolygalacturonase, and the presence of mechanisms involved in tolerance towards various stress conditions. Furthermore, the low number of transposases in the genome and the absence of complete phage genomes indicate that this strain might be more genetically stable compared with other A. @entity6475 , which is an important advantage for the use of this strain as a functional starter culture. Comparative genome analysis with other members of the Acetobacteraceae confirmed the functional properties of A. pasteurianus 386B, such as its thermotolerant nature and unique genetic composition. CONCLUSIONS: Genome analysis of A. pasteurianus 386B provided detailed insights into the underlying mechanisms of its metabolic features, niche adaptations, and tolerance towards stress conditions. Combination of these data with previous experimental knowledge enabled an integrated, global overview of the functional characteristics of this strain. This knowledge will enable improved fermentation strategies and selection of appropriate @entity1543 bacteria strains as functional starter culture for @entity6353 bean fermentation processes.

title: Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of @entity37106 386B, a strain well-adapted to the XXXX bean fermentation ecosystem.

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['pasteurianus strains']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity37106 :: ('438', 'Species') :: ['Acetobacter pasteurianus']

answer: @entity6353 :: (3641,Species) :: ['cocoa']


abstract: Inferior petrosal sinus blood sampling for ACTH measurement (IPSS) is used for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent @entity699 and for the preoperative location of @entity4611 . Intermittent ACTH secretion from @entity977 may result in insignificant differences between petrosal and peripheral ACTH levels at the time of sampling. Thus, pituitary stimulation during IPSS may improve the procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of @entity6192 injection in combination with IPSS. Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity699 ( @entity699 ; 5 macroadenomas, 16 microadenomas, and 1 @entity1373 ) and 5 @entity1 with @entity11060 were studied. Bilateral IPSS was successfully carried out on 25 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity11060 had, before and after @entity6192 injection, central to peripheral ACTH gradients below 1.7. Four @entity1 with @entity699 had basal gradients below 1.4. After @entity6192 administration all @entity1 with @entity699 had gradients above 3.2. Despite correct location of central catheters, the predicted location of @entity4611 was erroneous in 41% of the cases. It was not improved after @entity6192 injection. In conclusion, the combination of @entity6192 injection with IPSS was useful for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent @entity699 , as it increased the discrimination of the procedure. On the contrary, it was useless for the preoperative location of @entity4611 , which was poorly predicted by IPSS.

title: Usefulness of the XXXX test during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the diagnosis of @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['corticotroph hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Gene) :: ['corticotropin-releasing hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately one third of the parents of @entity1 with @entity245 or @entity2438 reports an early regression of unknown cause in their @entity1 's language, sociability, and play. @entity410 or an @entity302 electroencephalogram (EEG) are associated with language regression in acquired @entity302 ( @entity12924 ) and some other pediatric @entity302 . The importance of @entity302 or @entity302 EEGs as contributors to @entity2438 regression is not known. METHOD: Subjects were 482 @entity1 and 103 @entity1 on the @entity2438 spectrum seen consecutively in consultation by one @entity1 neurologist. Data on @entity2438 regression, @entity410 , sleep EEGs, and cognitive function were entered prospectively into a data base. RESULTS: Of the 585 @entity1 , 176 (30%) had a history of regression, and 66 @entity1 (11%) had a history of @entity302 , defined as two or more unprovoked @entity410 . Among 392 @entity1 with available sleep EEGs, the EEG was @entity302 in 59% of the 66 @entity302 @entity1 and 8% of the 335 nonepileptic @entity1 . @entity2357 had occurred equally among @entity1 without @entity410 and in those with @entity302 . @entity2357 was associated with an @entity302 in 14% of 155 nonepileptic @entity1 who had undergone a regression, as opposed to 6% of 364 @entity1 with neither regression nor @entity302 . Mean age at regression was 21 months. There was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity302 or @entity302 EEGs who had regressed before or after 2 years of age. Approximately half of the @entity302 were centrotemporal, whether or not the @entity1 was @entity302 or had regressed. @entity1 with lower cognitive function were more likely to have undergone regression than those with @entity73 (34% vs 20%). CONCLUSION: @entity302 occur in a significant minority of @entity2438 @entity1 with a history of regression and in a smaller minority without regression. Prompt recognition of regression and recording of prolonged sleep EEGs is recommended, even though information on the potential efficacy of antiepileptic treatment to improve language and behavior in @entity2438 @entity1 with @entity302 or an @entity302 is still lacking.

title: XXXX in @entity245 : @entity410 and @entity302 electroencephalogram correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'girls', 'child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['better cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorders', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy or epileptiform EEGs', 'epileptic', 'epileptic syndromes', 'epileptic aphasia', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform', 'epileptiform EEG', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity2357 :: (MESH:C537770,Disease) :: ['Regression']


abstract: PURPOSE AND @entity1 AND METHODS: Antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulant antibodies to @entity6894 , and a false-positive result on testing for syphilis have been linked to @entity715 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity1252 , i.e., @entity1 not fulfilling four American @entity627 Association criteria for the classification of @entity1252 . The clinical and serologic features of 35 @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity64 /transient @entity63 attacks) who demonstrated antibodies to phospholipids are presented. Complete histories were obtained from all 35 @entity1 , and all underwent routine physical examinations, radiography, electrocardiography, computed tomographic brain scanning, and immunologic studies. Psychometric tests were performed in nine @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity64 were often multiple and were followed by @entity9398 in nine @entity1 . Of particular interest were 10 @entity1 in whom the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was the major and often the sole immunologic disturbance present. Several of these patients were antinuclear antibody-negative, and the antinuclear antibodies, when present, were usually of a low titer (1:40 to 1:160). These @entity1 conform to a group classified as having a @entity1701 . CONCLUSION: Antiphospholipid antibodies are strongly associated with @entity1504 in @entity1 with @entity1252 as well as in those with @entity1252 and the @entity1701 . All @entity1 with any of these conditions who present with vascular events should be screened for these antibodies, as their occurrence may have a bearing on future therapy.

title: XXXX and antiphospholipid antibodies in @entity1252 , @entity1252 , and the @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multi-infarct dementia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'lupus-like disease', 'systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus-like disease']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular occlusions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic vascular occlusions']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: Among the diverse clinical presentations of @entity674 ( @entity674 ), @entity1409 with @entity298 is extremely rare. We report herein the unusual case of a 75-year-old @entity1 found to have a spontaneously ruptured gastric @entity5 after presenting with generalized @entity298 . The @entity1 was brought to the emergency department of our hospital by ambulance, with generalized severe @entity490 . On examination, his abdomen was extensively distended with generalized severe rebound tenderness. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a giant mass arising from the anterior gastric wall with an irregular internal low-density area and a small amount of @entity843 . An emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured @entity356 with dissemination of its necrotic tissue throughout the peritoneal cavity. The @entity5 was excised together with normal gastric tissue around its base. The @entity5 , which was 15 x 11 x 4.4cm in size, had a coarse laceration over its well-capsulated smooth serosal surface with massive @entity39 and clotted blood inside. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive reactivity to @entity2467 protein, which was consistent with the newly introduced diagnostic criteria of @entity674 . The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course and remains well.

title: A spontaneously ruptured gastric XXXX presenting as generalized @entity298 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A vaccination programme targeted against @entity1082 ) types 16 and 18 was introduced in the UK in 2008, with the aim of decreasing incidence of @entity3799 . Vaccine roll out to 12-13 year old @entity1 with a catch-up programme for @entity1 aged up to 17 years and 364 days was accompanied by a very comprehensive public health information (PHI) campaign which described the role of HPV in the development of @entity5 . METHODS: A brief questionnaire, designed to assess acquisition of knowledge of @entity1083 and its association to @entity5 , was administered to two different cohorts of male and female 1st year medical students (school leavers: 83% in age range 17-20) at a UK university. The study was timed so that the first survey in 2008 immediately followed a summer's intensive PHI campaign and very shortly after vaccine roll-out (150 students). The second survey was exactly one year later over which time there was a sustained PHI campaign (213 students). RESULTS: We addressed three research questions: knowledge about three specific details of @entity1083 that could be acquired from PHI, whether length of the PHI campaign and/or vaccination of females had any bearing on HPV knowledge, and knowledge differences between @entity1 and @entity1 regarding HPV. No female student in the 2008 cohort had completed the three-dose vaccine schedule compared to 58.4% of female students in 2009. Overall, @entity1 ' knowledge regarding the sexually transmitted nature of HPV and its association with @entity5 was high in both year groups. However, in both years, less than 50% of students correctly identified that HPV causes over 90% of cases of @entity5 . Males gave fewer correct answers for these two details in 2009. In 2008 only around 50% of students recognised that the current vaccine protects against a limited subset of @entity5 -causing HPV sub-types, although there was a significant increase in correct response among female students in the 2009 cohort compared to the 2008 cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a lack of understanding regarding the extent of protection against @entity5 conferred by the HPV vaccine, even among an educated population in the UK who could have a vested interest in acquiring such knowledge. The intensive PHI campaign accompanying the first year of HPV vaccination seemed to have little effect on knowledge over time. This is one of the first studies to assess detailed knowledge of HPV in both males and females. There is scope for continued improvements to PHI regarding the link between @entity5 .

title: Gaps in detailed knowledge of XXXX ) and the HPV vaccine among medical students in Scotland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection and cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standard treatment of high grade @entity11 (HGG) involves maximal neuro-surgical debulking, followed by post-operative radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy, depending on histologic grade. Despite this aggressive strategy, there are few long-term survivors. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive imaging method that can monitor metabolic changes in @entity1313 . To date there is little data concerning the prognostic significance of the evolving spectral alterations during a course of radiotherapy. MATERIALS: We report herein a prospective study of @entity1 with HGGs undergoing post-operative radiotherapy. Fourteen consecutively eligible @entity1 with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of @entity11 and completion of all required MRS imaging were included in this study. All @entity1 had MRS imaging prior to radiotherapy, at week 4 of radiotherapy, and 2 months post-treatment. T1 and T2 weighted images as well as post- @entity2287 multi-voxel proton MRS images were obtained. Normalized ( @entity5 metabolite/normal brain metabolite) levels of @entity1877 , @entity14728 , @entity908 , lipid and lactate were calculated. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves of progression-free and overall survival were constructed based on the evolving patterns of metabolite changes over the course of the images. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 @entity1877 / @entity14728 ratio decreased over the course of therapy, with a reduction observed between the baseline and post-radiotherapy studies (1.91 vs. 1.29, P=0.049). A similar decrease was identified with the mean normalized @entity1877 ratio, with a highly significant difference observed between the baseline and post-radiation images (1.61 vs. 0.96, P=0.001). @entity1 who exhibited more than 40% decrease in normalized @entity1877 between the week 4 and post-radiotherapy studies were associated with unfavourable survival (logrank test, P=0.003) and disease progression (logrank test, P=0.012). The @entity880 / @entity14728 ratio at the 4th week of radiotherapy and the change in normalized @entity1877 / @entity908 between baseline and week 4 of radiotherapy were also predictive of outcome suggesting the possibility of adaptive, response-based radiation treatment. @entity1 with two or more poor prognostic MRS indices had a significantly shorter progression-free survival compared with those with zero or one poor indices, with 15% and 68% at 1 year, respectively (logrank test, P=0.045). CONCLUSION: The evolving pattern of spectral changes over the course of radiotherapy, in particular those associated with @entity1877 -containing compounds, appears to be prognostic of @entity5 response and outcome. Based on our data, a decision point may exist in the mid course of radical radiotherapy, at which time consideration of the @entity1877 levels could indicate the extent of radiotherapeutic response, thus allowing for individualized treatment modification.

title: Prognostic significance of serial magnetic resonance spectroscopies over the course of radiation therapy for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1776 are uncommon soft tissue @entity5 and are more commonly benign. @entity1776 are extremely rare, may be confused with other soft tissue @entity242 , and can be diagnosed only when metastatic disease that has the same histologic features as the @entity5 has been identified. @entity3 are more commonly seen in lymph nodes and lungs; however, often the metastatic disease is not identified at the time of initial diagnosis and presents anywhere from 3 to 37 months after initial treatment. Certain findings, such as histologic appearance and size, may suggest that a granular cell @entity5 has uncertain malignant potential. METHODS: We evaluated a @entity1 with a granular cell @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential of the left chest wall and no evidence of metastatic disease on physical examination with a preoperative work-up to identify sites of occult disease. RESULTS: The @entity1 was found to have suspicious @entity717 adenopathy on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan. No other regional or distant disease was identified. The @entity1 underwent an en bloc wide excision and axillary lymph node dissection. @entity3 was identified in nine of 23 lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who are diagnosed with a granular cell @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential may benefit from preoperative radiologic evaluation because occult metastatic disease may be identified, alter the surgical approach, and possibly affect the long-term outcome.

title: XXXX : report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell tumors', 'Malignant granular cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral axillary']

answer: @entity1776 :: (MESH:D016586,Disease) :: ['Malignant granular cell tumors']


abstract: Palliative thoracic surgical interventions aim to assure or to improve quality of life. They encompass surgical @entity532 , treatment of symptoms that limit daily activities, and prophylactic interventions to reduce symptoms and improve prognosis. Interventions are based on statistically proved results as well as on profound clinical experience in oncologic surgery. Because palliation does not intent to cure, such operations require precise @entity1 information and inclusion of the respective @entity1 in decision making. Operability depends on @entity1 general condition and extent of the procedure. If @entity5 is resected local radicality is the principle goal also in palliative situations, which is adapted to each individual case, especially in the context of multimodal treatment strategies. One of the main indications of palliative thoracic surgery in pulmonary metastasectomy. Using the new laser technology loss of parenchyma is minimal and the rate of lobectomies is reduced from 25% to 4%. With mortality and morbidity of less than 1% the 5-year survival after complete metastasectomy is more than 30%. @entity5 of the thoracic wall cause @entity158 and tend to exulcerate; due to their obvious presence they induce @entity148 . Their removal and subsequent plastic surgery of the chest wall defect therefore makes sense also in advanced stages. Palliative and curative surgery is one of the pillars in plurimodal treatment of mediastinal @entity5 , besides its role in obtaining tissue for histologic diagnosis. Thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has a success rate of more than 90% in malignant effusions if the lung is fully expandable.

title: [Palliative surgery for primary and secondary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['correction of vital complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['thoracic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14687 is a distressing condition that severely affects @entity1 ' quality of life. The overall costs associated with this disease, both for the healthcare payer and society, are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of @entity14294 , a first-line treatment for @entity110 . METHODS: Data were collected from two placebo-controlled trials and from official French databases. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by the mean number of @entity111 -free days experienced by the @entity1 within a 30-day period (PFD30). Direct cost parameters were medications used, medical procedures and hospitalisations for @entity110 or treatment of adverse events. Productivity cost parameters were the workdays lost, defined as absenteeism and/or presenteeism, resulting from @entity110 . The costing was performed using a French societal perspective. Costs were reported in @entity7634 (2002 values) and were standardised to a 30-day month. Whenever possible, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were derived from these data. RESULTS: The pooled sample contained 294 @entity1 . Compared with placebo, @entity1 in the @entity14294 group experienced an additional mean 6.5 (95% CI 3.8, 9.3) @entity111 -free days per month (p < 0.001). Considering only direct medical costs, the incremental cost of treatment with @entity14294 was totally offset by the reduction in other medical costs (i.e. reduced cost of additional medications, medical procedures and hospitalisations). From the perspective of society, treatment with @entity14294 was cost saving, with a net gain of @entity7634 91.93 per @entity1 per month. CONCLUSION: Treating @entity14687 with @entity14294 is a dominant strategy for society since it is more effective (in terms of @entity111 -free days gained) and less costly than placebo.

title: Cost effectiveness of XXXX in @entity14687 : a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14294 :: ('MESH:C472067', 'Chemical') :: ['levocetirizine']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'Chronic idiopathic urticaria']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity14294 :: (MESH:C472067,Chemical) :: ['levocetirizine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate if high-grade (> or = 80% luminal narrowing) internal @entity543 is associated with @entity308 and if @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) potentially improves @entity308 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. One hundred forty-three @entity1 (91 @entity1 , 52 @entity1 ; interquartile range, 63-76 years) undergoing @entity2998 because of asymptomatic high-grade (> or = 80% luminal narrowing) @entity543 and 102 control subjects (64 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 ; interquartile range, 63-73 years) with advanced @entity3657 and without @entity543 undergoing lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasty were included. @entity308 (defined as a Beck Depression Inventory score of 10 or higher) were recorded at baseline and at 4 weeks (follow-up) after the percutaneous procedures. The chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, McNemar test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and two-group t test were used to check for statistical significance. RESULTS: A significantly higher prevalence of @entity308 was found in @entity1 with @entity543 than in control subjects with @entity3657 at baseline (33.6% vs 16.7%, P = .003). At follow-up, a significant @entity308 was found in @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 (33.6% vs 9.8%, P < .001). The frequency of @entity308 remained unaffected in control subjects (16.7% vs 13.0%, P = .1). CONCLUSION: High-grade @entity543 is associated with @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity731 . @entity2998 seems to exert beneficial effects on the course of @entity308 in these @entity1 .

title: Is there improvement of "vascular @entity308 " after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Substantial depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms', 'reduction of depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stent placement', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stent placement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 are common in @entity1 and adolescents. However, epidemiological knowledge is sparse for @entity484 and @entity3408 in this age group. Furthermore, no population-based studies have evaluated the prevalence of @entity66 and hand and @entity5526 in the same group of adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To assess prevalence measures of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), @entity565 , @entity2023 and hand and @entity5526 in adolescents in Odense municipality, Denmark. METHODS: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study among 1501 eighth grade school @entity1 (age 12-16 years) and included questionnaire, interview, clinical examination and patch testing. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of @entity483 was 21.3% ( @entity1 25.7% vs. @entity1 17.0%, P < 0.001) using predefined questionnaire criteria. The 1-year period prevalence of @entity483 was 6.7% and the point prevalence 3.6% (Hanifin and Rajka criteria). In the interview the lifetime prevalence of @entity566 was estimated as 17.7% (6.9% @entity56 , 15.7% @entity2023 ). The lifetime prevalence of @entity484 based on the questionnaire was 9.2%, the 1-year period prevalence was 7.3% and the point prevalence 3.2%, with a significant predominance in @entity1 . A significant association was found both between @entity483 and @entity566 , and between @entity483 and @entity484 using lifetime prevalence measures. The point prevalence of contact @entity566 was 15.2% ( @entity1 19.4% vs. @entity1 10.3%, P < 0.001), and present or past @entity3408 was found in 7.2% ( @entity1 11.3% vs. @entity1 2.5%). Contact @entity566 was most common to @entity3406 (8.6%) and fragrance mix (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence figures were found for @entity66 , @entity484 and @entity3408 , and the diseases were closely associated. A considerable number of adolescents still suffers from @entity483 , and a considerable sex difference was noted for @entity484 and @entity3408 . @entity3406 @entity566 and perfume @entity566 were the major contact @entity566 . In the future this cohort of eighth grade school @entity1 will be followed up with regard to the course and development of @entity66 , @entity484 and @entity5526 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX , @entity565 , @entity2023 , and hand and @entity5526 in adolescents. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on @entity66 and Dermatitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3406 :: ('MESH:D009532', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel', 'Nickel']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'Atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'inhalant allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Health behaviour change programmes to promote healthy behaviours are aimed at, among other things, counteracting the emergence of widespread non-communicable diseases. Which population groups use these programmes? This analysis is based on data from @entity17161 , which was conducted from 2008-2011. @entity1 aged 18-79 years were asked about their participation in programmes in the last 12 months in the fields of nutrition, physical activity and relaxation (n   =   7,807). The analysis was stratified by sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), and type of statutory health insurance fund. A total of 16.6   % of respondents participate in at least one programme for behaviour change, with @entity1 using these programmes significantly more frequently, indeed twice as often, as @entity1 (22.1   % versus 11   %). The older population participates more often than younger age groups. @entity1 and @entity1 with low SES use the programmes significantly less frequently than those with middle or high SES. @entity1 who are insured by the AOK health insurance group have a significantly lower rate of participation than @entity1 insured by any other statutory health insurance fund. Overall participation has almost doubled since the "German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998" (9.1   %). Further efforts are necessary to reach population groups with low participation rates. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.

title: [Participation in health behaviour change programmes: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'People', 'men']

answer: @entity17161 :: (8560,Gene) :: ['DEGS1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity28 @entity1 with (T2DM) and without (OB) @entity164 2 @entity6 are characterized by high hepatic lipid content and hepatic insulin resistance. This may be linked to impaired hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare hepatic mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in T2DM, OB and non- @entity28 controls (CON). METHODS: Seventeen @entity28 @entity1 (nine OB and eight T2DM) and six CON @entity1 had perioperative liver biopsies taken. Samples were divided in three parts to measure 1: Complex I, II and IV linked respiration, 2: @entity22948 ( @entity22948 ) activity and 3: @entity14391 ( @entity14391 ) size and area (% of total tissue area filled by LDs). RESULTS: State 3 respiration of complex I, II and IV and the @entity22948 activity did not differ in OB, T2DM and CON. @entity14391 size was significantly higher in T2DM compared with CON and @entity14391 area tended (p  =   0.10) to be higher in T2DM and OB compared with CON. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that hepatic OXPHOS capacity is not different in @entity1 with markedly different weight and glycemic control. Furthermore, the results do not support impaired hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity playing a major role in the development of @entity28 -induced @entity164 2 @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is normal in @entity28 @entity1 with and without XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity14391 :: ('MESH:D011017', 'Disease') :: ['Lipid droplet', 'LD']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) including resistant strains of @entity794 , enterococci, and Gram-negative bacteria have the potential to cause serious @entity281 among @entity1 requiring @entity102 ( @entity102 ). The purpose of this article is to review novel @entity3013 , which have emerged in this @entity1 population, their mechanisms of transmission, and preventive efforts aimed at limiting their dissemination. RECENT FINDINGS: New strains of @entity3013 , including community-acquired @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 , @entity794 strains with reduced susceptibility to @entity2176 , @entity2176 -resistant @entity794 and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN), are emerging among the @entity102 population. Extended-spectrum b-lactamase Gram-negative bacteria (ESBLGN) are among the most common MDRGN strains. These ESBLGN are resistant to the great majority of antimicrobials. The carbapenems remain the only optimal antimicrobial choice to treat @entity6281 . Intrafacility spread of @entity3013 in dialysis units occurs between @entity1 through contaminated hands and clothes of healthcare workers (HCWs), as well as contaminated inanimate surfaces. Spread of @entity3013 to family members of both @entity1 and HCWs has also been documented. SUMMARY: Colonization and infection with @entity3013 continues to present a significant threat to @entity1 receiving @entity102 . Interventions to reduce the spread of @entity3013 should include @entity281 and judicious use of antimicrobials.

title: Novel antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among @entity1 requiring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'chronic hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['ARB', 'Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection control measures']

entities_list: @entity6281 :: ('MESH:D016905', 'Disease') :: ['ESBLGN infections']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic hemodialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND.    @entity4370 ( @entity4370 ) is characterized by defective mineralization of bone and teeth because of deficient alkaline phosphatase activity. There are generally six recognized clinical forms, of which the most severe is often lethal prenatally or early in life. In milder forms, such as @entity44620 ( @entity44620 ), premature exfoliation of primary teeth may be the only clinical manifestation. CASE REPORT.    A 20-month-old @entity1 was referred to the Specialist Paediatric Salaried Dental Service within the Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust with mobility of tooth numbers 71 and 81. Clinical examination revealed grade III mobile 71 and 81, with minimal @entity32 and plaque deposits. There were no other dental findings and no significant medical history. Tooth numbers 71 and 81 exfoliated prematurely with no evidence of root resorption, shortly after presentation. Haematological and urinary investigations showed no abnormalities. Histological examination showed a complete absence of cementum. A diagnosis of @entity44620 was made. After 10   months of dental follow-up, no further teeth have increased mobility. CONCLUSION.    @entity44620 should be included as a differential diagnosis in @entity1 presenting with early loss of primary teeth. The dentist may be the first health care professional to whom the @entity1 presents.

title: Current concepts in XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity44620 :: ('MESH:C564146', 'Disease') :: ['Odontohypophosphatasia', 'OHP', 'odontohypophosphatasia']

entities_list: @entity4370 :: ('MESH:D007014', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'Hypophosphatasia']

answer: @entity4370 :: (MESH:D007014,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatasia']


abstract: 1. Changes in cardiovascular and renal functions following injection of @entity1063 , @entity750 and @entity5402 into one lateral cerebral ventricle were investigated in conscious @entity742 at ambient air temperatures of 0 and 40 degrees C. The dose rates used were known to produce predictable changes in thermoregulation in @entity742 . 2. The changes in body temperature, respiratory frequency and shivering caused by the intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) injections of @entity1063 , @entity750 and @entity5402 were as reported previously. 3. The cardiovascular and renal responses of the @entity742 at both high and low ambient temperatures were consistent for each transmitter indicating that these activities had no major @entity734 on the type of thermoregulatory response. 4. I.C.V. injection of @entity1063 increased heart rate and decreased pulse pressure but caused no change in mean arterial blood pressure (B.P.). Urine flow rate, @entity1372 clearance, @entity972 clearance and osmolal clearance were decreased whereas solute-free water reabsorption was unaltered. 5. I.C.V. injection of @entity750 caused no significant alterations in either @entity8 . 6. I.C.V. injection of @entity5402 increased systolic and diastolic B.P., heart rate and haematocrit. @entity1372 , @entity972 and osmolal clearances were increased after administration of @entity5402 . 7. The changes in renal function after @entity1063 and @entity5402 injection could be explained by the concurrent changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Effect of intraventricular injection of transmitter substances and temperature on autonomic functions of conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular or renal function']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity8031 gene are found in up to 80% of individuals with @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ), and mutations in @entity15748 and @entity15749 were identified in @entity11529 ( @entity11529 ) as well as in single families with @entity1654 ( @entity1654 ) and @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). This paper summarizes recent findings concerning @entity1372 ( @entity8031 ) and @entity972 channel ( @entity15748 and @entity15749 ) dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of rare and common @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). @entity3148 , severe @entity3762 (SIGEI), and @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ) are rare @entity3762 . Because of some semeiologic overlap, a comparative analysis of the @entity8031 gene performed in 20 @entity1 with @entity3148 and in 18 with SIGEI. This revealed mutations in three subjects with SIGEI only. Since @entity11529 are over-represented in families with @entity1654 , a mutational analysis was performed in 58 families with @entity1654 with and without BNFC. This revealed functionally relevant mutations in two index cases with BNFC, and three missense mutations (one resulting in a significantly reduced @entity972 current amplitude) in three @entity1 with @entity1654 , but without BNFC. One @entity15749 missense variant was also detected in eight out of 455 @entity3762 @entity1 but not in 454 controls, and a silent @entity15748 -SNP was found over-represented in both @entity302 samples. These findings confirm that mutations in the @entity8031 gene are mainly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3148 , rarely in that of SIGEI, and are commonly not found in @entity1 with @entity3148 . They also demonstrate that sequence variations of the @entity15748 and @entity15749 genes may contribute to the etiology of common @entity3762 syndromes.

title: XXXX and @entity972 channel dysfunctions in rare and common @entity3762 .

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['BFNC', 'benign familial neonatal convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['RE', 'Rolandic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic-astatic epilepsy', 'MAE', 'SMEI', 'severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies', 'idiopathic generalized epilepsy of infancy', 'idiopathic epilepsies', 'IE', 'IGE']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: The effects of the selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, @entity20253 , and the selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, @entity1882 933, were assessed on renal hemodynamics and on water and solute excretion in conscious, chronically instrumented @entity35 . Infusion (i.v.) of equipressor doses of @entity20253 and @entity1882 933, 0.04 and 4 mg/kg/hr, respectively, decreased renal plasma flow without changing glomerular filtration rate. @entity20253 infusion did not affect urinary excretion of water, electrolytes or total solutes. In marked contrast, @entity1882 933 increased urine flow and @entity1372 excretion significantly (P less than .01) but did not significantly alter @entity972 and @entity1133 excretion. Urine osmolality decreased to hyposmotic levels (from 613 +/- 86 to 172 +/- 8 mOsmol/kg of @entity2507 ) during the infusion of @entity1882 933, suggesting a possible interaction between the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist and the vasopressin system. This diuretic action of the selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist was also observed after the i.v. infusion of a subpressor dose (0.4 mg/kg/hr) of @entity1882 933. In @entity35 treated with the ganglionic blocker, @entity4033 (10 mg/kg i.v.), the @entity1882 933-induced diuresis was not affected, confirming an action in the periphery, possibly at the level of the kidney. These results suggest that stimulation of renal alpha-2 adrenoceptors in conscious, euvolumic @entity35 modulates the reabsorption of water and @entity1372 at the site of the renal nephron.

title: Renal effects of selective alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists in conscious, normotensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['cirazoline', 'Cirazoline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We report a case of @entity409 that has been followed up without surgical resection after the diagnosis. A 63-year-old @entity1 with a @entity99 , 16mm in diameter was referred to our hospital. Laboratory data on admission were within normal limits. Serum HbsAg and HCVAb were negative. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an enhanced round lesion at the same location of the liver. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrated aggregation of the small round cells, lacking cytologic atypia or mitotic figures. These cells were B lymphocytes with staining of kappa and lambda light chains at equal frequency. Furthermore, monoclonal band was not detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the position of the third complementarity-determing region ( @entity2612 ) in the @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ). These results suggested that the cells infiltrated in the lesion were polyclonal and benign nature. This case was observed carefully without surgical operation. During the course, @entity1534 were successfully eradicated. Follow-up study after 18 months showed that the diameter of the @entity5 had decreased from 16mm to 8mm, suggesting no evidence of the malignant transformation.

title: A case of XXXX observed without surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver pseudolymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hypo-echoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic pseudolymphoma']


abstract: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is the standard treatment for @entity5 , while transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a recently introduced surgical approach for the treatment of @entity652 . Incorrect preoperative staging before TEM is a problem. To identify genetic changes that might correlate with @entity5 stage and could lead to optimized treatment selection we performed a genome-wide chromosomal instability search in a homogeneous, clinical @entity5 . 78 @entity5 during different clinical stages were analysed with 10K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Logistic regression was performed to build a quantitative model of specific @entity2008 . Overall, most cases (95%) had one or more @entity2008 . We observed a clear correlation between the total number of aberrations and the different @entity5 stages. Specifically, the chromosomal events: gain of 8q22-24, 13q and 20q, and loss of 17p and 18q12-22, were far more abundant in @entity189 than in @entity652 . In @entity652 fractions from cases with a @entity189 (infiltrating at least in the submucosa), twice the amount of such 'malignant aberrations' was observed, compared to pure @entity652 . Furthermore, combined aberrations such as gain of 13q and loss of 18q were only found in @entity189 and not in benign lesions. Based on these five genomic events associated with @entity189 , a clear distinction between @entity652 and @entity189 tissue could be made. These data should be validated further in order that they may be used in preoperative @entity5 .

title: Single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of chromosomal instability patterns discriminates XXXX from @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging of rectal tumours', 'rectal tumours', 'cohort of rectal tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous fractions of carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'Total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['rectal adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of left ventricular (LV) capture is of paramount importance in @entity1 with biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing. Our goal was to identify electrocardiographic features that differentiate between @entity3032 and right ventricular (RV)-only pacing in @entity1 with nonapical RV leads. METHODS: The study enrolled 300 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3032 devices and nonapical RV leads, and obtained from them 558 electrocardiograms with either @entity3032 pacing (n = 300) or RV-only pacing (n = 258). RV pacing served as a surrogate for loss of LV capture. Electrocardiograms from the first 150 @entity1 were used to identify @entity3032 -specific features, and to construct an algorithm to differentiate between @entity3032 and RV-only pacing. Electrocardiograms from the second 150 @entity1 were used to validate the algorithm. RESULTS: The following electrocardiographic features typical of @entity3032 pacing were identified: QS in lead V6 (specificity = 98.7%, sensitivity = 54.7%), dominant R in lead V1 (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 23.3%), q in lead V6 (specificity = 96%, sensitivity = 22.7%), and a QRS < 160 ms (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 66.0%). The algorithm based on those features was found to have an overall diagnostic accuracy of 95.0%, a specificity of 96.0%, and a sensitivity of 93.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified QRS features that were very specific for @entity3032 pacing in @entity1 with nonapical RV leads. Sequential arrangement of those features resulted in an algorithm that was very accurate for differentiating between @entity3032 pacing and loss of LV capture.

title: Electrocardiographic diagnosis of biventricular pacing in XXXX with nonapical right ventricular leads.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the population of macrophages during the cervical malignant transformation and its influence in @entity3146 outcome. METHODS: Biopsies from 26 normal cervix, 28 low-grade ( @entity2784 ), 30 @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and 28 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) were stained by H_E to assess @entity32 and by immunohistochemistry with anti- @entity469 to detect macrophages. The macrophage count was corrected for the epithelial and stromal compartments using appropriate software. Clinical and prospective follow-up data were also available. RESULTS: We identified that macrophage count increased linearly with disease progression (median count per case at x200 magnification: normal, 5.1; @entity2784 , 5.5; @entity2784 , 9.9; @entity957 , 14.5; P<0.001), that @entity32 also increased (moderate-intense @entity32 present in 25%, 46.1%, 58.4% and 89.3% of normal, @entity2784 , @entity2784 and @entity957 , respectively; P<0.001) and that macrophage count was independently associated with the lesion grade (P<0.001). Moreover, macrophages showed an increasing migration into the epithelium along with the progression of @entity3146 to @entity3 . Of the 24 @entity2784 cases with information available, followed-up for 805+/-140 days, 16 regressed, 6 persisted and 2 progressed. Age, high-risk HPV or @entity32 were not risk factors for persistent/progressed @entity2784 in our cohort. However, @entity2784 that persisted or progressed showed a higher macrophage count (median of 10.8) than lesions that regressed (7; P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The study on macrophages offers a potential approach for cervical @entity5 treatment, since macrophages are closely related to progression of @entity3146 , and can be used as an applicable marker of such a risk.

title: Macrophages, @entity32 and risk of @entity3146 ( XXXX ) progression--clinicopathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['CIN']


abstract: Many environmental contaminants are known or suspected to interfere with hormonal function in animals. In vivo test methods to detect and characterize chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system are therefore urgently needed. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of abnormalities of the reproductive organs as test endpoints for estrogenic activity of xenobiotics in @entity5872 embryos. Two synthetic @entity172 , @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) and @entity2082 ( @entity7869 ), were injected into the yolks of embryonated eggs. At a dose as low as 2 ng @entity7869 /g egg, all male embryos became feminized, containing ovary-like tissue in the left testis. The extent of feminization of the testes was determined by measuring the relative @entity43 . Persistent M  llerian ducts (oviducts) in male embryos, and @entity600 of the M  llerian ducts in females occurred at 2 ng @entity7869 /g egg and higher doses. @entity4743 was approximately one-third to one-tenth as potent as @entity7869 . The morphological changes studied were dose-dependent, indicating that they are useful as test endpoints for estrogenic activity. Feminization of the left testis in males proved to be the most sensitive endpoint. We propose the quail egg as a simple in vivo test system for estrogenic compounds.

title: The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: effects of @entity4742 and XXXX on sex organ development.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['area of the ovary-like component']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethynylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethynylestradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare pharmacodynamic indices and minimal inhibitory concentrations for @entity2176 , @entity7046 , @entity3477 , @entity5136 , and combined @entity11685 and @entity11686 for historic and current @entity1 coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) @entity3225 isolates. DESIGN: Experimental study. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity3225 isolates retrieved from @entity1 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from 1993 through 2006. METHODS: Coagulase-negative @entity3225 isolates were recovered from the microbiology specimen bank, rehydrated, and processed for susceptibility testing using standard microbiological protocols. E tests were used to determine and compare mean inhibitory concentration for 50% of isolates (MIC50) and mean inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC90) values. Peak concentration (C(max)) was defined as the maximum attainable aqueous concentration using topical or oral therapy, or both. The MIC50 and MIC90 values for each antibiotic are the minimum concentrations that inhibit 50% and 90% of @entity3225 isolates, respectively. Significance was determined by the McNemar test. Pharmacodynamic indices (C(max)/MIC) were calculated using determined MIC values and published intraocular drug concentrations for topical and oral dosing. The pharmacodynamic index was defined as the achievable aqueous humor concentration of an antibiotic divided by the concentration of the antibiotic required to inhibit a specified percentage of microbiologic isolates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacodynamic indices for new and conventional antibiotics. RESULTS: General in vitro susceptibility patterns in descending order were @entity2176 (100%), @entity5136 (100%), @entity11685 and @entity11686 (98%), @entity3477 (48%), and @entity7046 (47%). The corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 values were @entity2176 , 2 microg/ml and 3 microg/ml, respectively; @entity5136 , 1 microg/ml and 4 microg/ml; @entity11685 and @entity11686 , 0.25 microg/ml and 0.5 microg/ml; @entity3477 , 0.75 microg/ml and > or =32 microg/ml; and @entity7046 , 2 microg/ml and > or =32 microg/ml. Pharmacokinetic indices (C(max)/MIC90) for topical dosing were all <1. There was a significant difference in the percent of isolates susceptible to combined @entity11685 and @entity11686 , @entity2176 , and @entity5136 compared with @entity3477 and @entity7046 . There was no statistical significance in CoNS susceptibility between the tested @entity2887 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2176 , @entity5136 , and combined @entity11685 and @entity11686 were more effective in vitro than @entity2887 against CoNS in the current study. Reported aqueous concentrations of the antibiotics used in this study failed to provide adequate coverage for 90% of the @entity3225 isolates.

title: In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity11685 :: ('MESH:C113825', 'Chemical') :: ['quinupristin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['CoNS endophthalmitis', 'staphylococcal endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity11686 :: ('MESH:C113826', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfopristin']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['staphylococcus endophthalmitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine regional differences in fiber tract integrity between elderly @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), those with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), and healthy elderly subjects by using diffusion-tensor imaging with parallel imaging techniques and a new eight-element receiving coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity195 (seven @entity1 , eight @entity1 ; mean age; 68.8 years), 16 @entity1 with @entity73 (nine @entity1 , seven @entity1 ; mean age, 68.9 years) and 19 healthy control subjects (eight @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ; mean age, 63.9 years) underwent diffusion-tensor imaging performed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance system. An echo-planar imaging diffusion sequence was used with an integrated parallel acquisition technique (PAT) and an eight-element head coil. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and relative anisotropy (RA) values of several white matter (WM) regions were determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used initially to test for overall equality of median values in each data group. Single posttest comparisons were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test, with an overall statistical significance level of .05. RESULTS: FA and RA values were significantly (P < .05) decreased, whereas ADC values in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in @entity1 with @entity195 than in @entity1 with @entity73 . Evidence of higher ADC values in the WM of the temporal lobe was observed in @entity1 with @entity195 compared with the ADC values in @entity1 with @entity73 and in control subjects. ADC values in the parietal WM were significantly (P < .05) elevated in @entity1 with @entity73 compared with those in control subjects. The images obtained with integrated PAT showed fewer susceptibility artifacts and were less distorted than images acquired without parallel imaging techniques. CONCLUSION: Reduced FA and RA values in @entity1 with @entity195 suggest that diffusion-tensor imaging of the brain can be used to confirm clinical manifestation of @entity195 but is less applicable in the detection of @entity73 .

title: White matter damage in @entity195 and XXXX : assessment with diffusion-tensor MR imaging and parallel imaging techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations of nitrergic innervation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity4681 and could be involved in the pathophysiology of post infectious @entity1744 . The role of nitrergic neurons in the control of distal colonic sensorimotor function in @entity1 is not known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the motility and sensitivity of distal colon in healthy subjects before and after a @entity842 synthase inhibitor ( @entity7293 ). METHODS: A 700-mL balloon connected with a barostat-manometry assembly was placed in the descending colon of 10 healthy subjects and distension (4 mmHg/2 min) was performed. Intra-balloon pressure was then set at minimal distending pressure + 2 mmHg for 30 min, placebo or @entity7293 (8 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) was administered i.v. in double-blind, randomized, cross-over design and distensions were repeated. KEY RESULTS: Placebo and @entity7293 did not influence colonic compliance, motility index, and tone. Placebo did not affect thresholds for first perception and discomfort and the areas under the pressure-perception curve. @entity7293 did not alter thresholds for first perception, but significantly decreased the pressure thresholds for discomfort (P = 0.008) and increased the areas under the pressure-perception score (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: In @entity1 , inhibition of @entity842 synthase sensitizes the distal @entity694 . Impaired nitrergic innervation is a mechanism that may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1049 .

title: Influence of XXXX synthase inhibition on the motility and sensitivity of distal colon in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor-sensory abnormalities of post infectious functional dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon to distension']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity to colonic distension']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']