abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a common chronic inflammatory @entity272 in @entity1 . Topical corticosteroid is the mainstay of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of moisturizer containing @entity41886 (LicA) and 1% @entity701 for the treatment of mild to moderate childhood @entity483 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a multicenter randomized, prospective, split-side, double-blind study in 55 @entity1 between the age of three months and 14 years. @entity1 with @entity483 were treated twice daily, simultaneously with either Lic A or 1% @entity701 on opposite sides of the lesion. The SCORAD and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed at the baseline, 2-week, and 4-week visits. Lic A was used on both sides of the body for another four weeks to see the effects and TEWL. RESULTS: In a randomized period, both products were equally effective in the treatment. SCORAD decreased significantly from baseline for both treatments throughout the first four weeks (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in SCORAD between both treatments (p = 0.321 and p = 0.146 at week 2 and 4, respectively). Lic A had statistically significant decrease in TEWL (p = 0.027 and p = 0.03 at weeks 2 and 4, respectively). One @entity1 had @entity281 on @entity272 of both sides of the body. Forty-three @entity1 continued to the period of using Lic A on both sides of the body. SCORAD and TEWL were comparable to the end of the randomized period and significantly lower from baseline (p < 0.001). @entity272 flared up in three @entity1 (7.5%). CONCLUSION: Lic A had a similar result in terms of SCORAD compared to 1% @entity701 for the treatment of mild and moderate @entity483 . TEWL was significantly lower than baseline on the side that used Lic A. Continuing use of Lic A for four weeks can maintain clinical and barrier improvement.

title: Randomized, double-blind, split-side, comparison study of moisturizer containing XXXX and 1% @entity701 in the treatment of @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity41886 :: ('MESH:C070840', 'Chemical') :: ['licochalcone A']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesion', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity41886 :: (MESH:C070840,Chemical) :: ['licochalcone A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 of the midpart of the clavicular shaft are generally treated nonoperatively, and few functional deficits have been reported. Whereas prior investigators have presented radiographic and surgeon-based outcomes, we used a @entity1 -based outcome questionnaire and objective muscle-strength testing to evaluate a series of @entity1 who had received nonoperative care for a displaced midshaft @entity174 of the clavicle. METHODS: We identified thirty @entity1 (twenty-two @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a mean age of thirty-seven years) who had sustained a displaced midshaft @entity174 of the clavicle. All @entity1 were treated nonoperatively. At a mean of fifty-five months, and a minimum of twelve months, outcomes were measured with the Constant shoulder score and the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) @entity1 questionnaire. In addition, objective shoulder muscle-strength testing was performed with the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator, with the uninjured arm serving as a control. RESULTS: The range of motion was well maintained, with flexion averaging 170 degrees +/- 20 degrees and abduction averaging 165 degrees +/- 25 degrees . Compared with the strength of the uninjured shoulder, the strength of the injured shoulder was reduced to 81% for maximum flexion, 75% for endurance of flexion, 82% for maximum abduction, 67% for endurance of abduction, 81% for maximum external rotation, 82% for endurance of external rotation, 85% for maximum internal rotation, and 78% for endurance of internal rotation (p < 0.05 for all values). The mean Constant score was 71 points, and the mean DASH score was 24.6 points, indicating substantial residual disability. CONCLUSIONS: Traditionally, good results with minimal functional deficits have been reported following nonoperative treatment of @entity174 . However, surgeon-based methods of evaluation may be insensitive to loss of muscle strength. We detected residual deficits in shoulder strength and endurance in this @entity1 population, which may be related to the significant level of dysfunction detected by the @entity1 -based outcome measures.

title: Deficits following nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'clavicular fractures', 'Displaced fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicular fractures']


abstract: This study evaluated, in terms of pathological complete response (pCR) and acute @entity137 , preoperative concurrent ( @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )- @entity1206 ) chemoradiotherapy for large @entity0 . A total of 60 @entity1 were included in the study. Chemotherapy consisted of 4 cycles of @entity1487 , 500 mg/m2/d, continuous infusion (d1-d5) and @entity1206 , 25 mg/m2 (d1; d6). Starting with the second cycle, radiotherapy delivered 50 Gy to the breast and 46 Gy to the internal mammary and supra/infra-clavicular lymph nodes. Breast surgery and axillary lymph node dissection were then performed. Four @entity1 did not complete their chemotherapy. Breast conservation was possible in 69% of @entity1 . The rate of pCR was 27%. Three factors were associated with pCR: histological grade 3, absence of hormonal receptors and high mitotic index. Grade 4 haematological @entity137 occurred in 22% of @entity1 . In conclusion, chemoradiotherapy demonstrated good efficacy, both in terms of pCR and in allowing breast conservation with acceptable tolerance.

title: Pathological response to preoperative concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for XXXX : results of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in attempts to improve the clinical outcome of @entity43 @entity1 . The MDR-related phenotype is associated with over-expression of certain drug transporters, such as @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ), and @entity30926 ( @entity30926 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and prognostic significance of MDR-related protein expression in @entity43 . In addition, we correlated expression of these proteins with the apoptosis-related proteins @entity876 , @entity588 , and bax. METHODS: Consecutive sections from 60 cases of @entity43 were assessed immunohistochemically for expression of @entity1262 , @entity11092 , @entity30926 , @entity876 , @entity588 , and bax. The level of protein expression was scored based on staining intensity and extent. RESULTS: Strong @entity1262 expression was observed in 12 (20%), @entity11092 in 39 (65%), @entity30926 in 27 (45%), @entity876 in 45 (75%), @entity588 in 25 (41.7%), and bax in 30 (50%) of the 60 @entity5 . @entity11092 expression was associated with both @entity876 and @entity588 expressions (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Univariate analysis of survival revealed a significant inverse correlation between @entity1262 expression and @entity1 survival (P = 0.015). Moreover, @entity1262 expression was significantly increased in @entity5 of @entity1 unresponsive to chemotherapy (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed that only FIGO stage and @entity1262 expression were useful negative independent predictors of survival (P = 0.035 and P = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study demonstrates that @entity1262 expression may be a reliable independent prognostic factor of survival in @entity1 with @entity43 . Moreover, @entity1262 immunostaining may be useful for dividing @entity43 @entity1 into chemoresponsive and chemoresistant groups.

title: Multidrug resistance-related phenotype and apoptosis-related protein expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian serous carcinomas', 'ovarian serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance protein 1', 'MRP1']

entities_list: @entity30926 :: ('9961', 'Gene') :: ['LRP', 'lung resistance protein']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian serous carcinomas']


abstract: In order to study the psychosexual changes and reactions of the vasectomzied males at the Margaret Sanger Research Bureau, a questionnaire was mailed to the first 236 consecutive clients who had the operation during the period October 1969-September 1970. 189 of the 236 @entity1 responded. All the @entity1 except 2 reported that their sexual desire was the same as or greater than before the operation. The 2 @entity1 reporting @entity458 also complained of physical discomfort or @entity158 during intercourse which may have been the reason for the @entity458 . Nearly 2/3 of the total cases indicated an increase in sexual enjoyment; only 1 @entity1 reported a decrease. More than 1/3 of the @entity1 reported that they had an increase in their sexual frequency following the operation, and the remaining 116 @entity1 reported no change in sexual frequency. Regarding @entity1 's self-evaluation of ejaculation (volume), 3/4 of the @entity1 reported no change, 1/6 reported more, and 1/12 reported less. The sexual desire or enjoyment of wives as perceived by their husbands had either increased or remained the same as before the operation in all but 4 instances. Over 98% of the @entity1 expressed satisfaction and were quite willing to recommend the vasectomy operation to others. All of the @entity1 who responded said that they would still make the same decision again.

title: Vasectomy: a study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in desire', 'less sexual desire']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychosexual and general reactions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is increasing in worldwide prevalence, toward epidemic levels. @entity3949 , one of the most common complications of @entity6 , is a serious condition that can lead to amputation. This study used a multicategory support vector machine (MSVM) to predict @entity1897 severity classified into four categories using @entity1 ' demographic characteristics and clinical features. METHODS: In this study, the data were collected at the @entity6 Center of Hamadan in Iran. @entity1 were enrolled by the convenience sampling method. Six hundred @entity1 were recruited. After obtaining informed consent, a questionnaire collecting general information and a @entity16 score (NDS) questionnaire were administered. The NDS was used to classify the severity of the disease. We used MSVM with both one-against-all and one-against-one methods and three kernel functions, radial basis function (RBF), linear, and polynomial, to predict the class of disease with an unbalanced dataset. The synthetic minority class oversampling technique algorithm was used to improve model performance. To compare the performance of the models, the mean of accuracy was used. RESULTS: For predicting @entity3949 , a classifier built from a balanced dataset and the RBF kernel function with a one-against-one strategy predicted the class to which a @entity1 belonged with about 76% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that, in terms of overall classification accuracy, the MSVM model based on a balanced dataset can be useful for predicting the severity of @entity3949 , and it should be further investigated for the prediction of other diseases.

title: XXXX class prediction by multicategory support vector machine model: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy disability']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Diabetic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of various ambulatory electrocardiographic monitors for the diagnosis of @entity943 and to provide recommendations for their use in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES: Studies published since 1988 were identified through search of the MEDLINE database. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that met methodologic criteria for minimal bias and had clinical relevance were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Descriptive and analytic data from each study. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitors, specifically transtelephonic continuous-loop event recorders, are highly effective for establishing a diagnosis in @entity1 with palpitations but are less effective for establishing a diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1163 . Clinicians may use these devices to monitor for nonsustained @entity1165 in @entity1 at potentially high risk for @entity944 ; however, few data are available to support this practice. Ambulatory monitors are useful for assessment of the safety and efficacy of antiarrhythmic medications and the recurrence of symptomatic @entity943 . New ambulatory @entity943 monitoring devices are being developed that may facilitate outpatient management of chronic @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitors, particularly transtelephonic continuous-loop event recorders, aid in the diagnosis of symptomatic @entity943 . These devices are also useful for monitoring the effectiveness and safety of antiarrhythmic medications. Guidelines are lacking for use of these devices to assess prognosis in @entity1 at potential risk for @entity944 .

title: The evolving role of ambulatory XXXX monitoring in general clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia-related disorders']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity2239 in Korean @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) for whom initial treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor- @entity669 kinase inhibitor ( @entity319 -TKI) has failed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 with @entity1358 (any histology) who had progressed on or were intolerant of @entity319 -TKI therapy received oral @entity2239 (10 mg dose once daily). @entity5 response was reassessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). RESULTS: This study included 100 patientswith a median follow-up duration of 10.2 months, a median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 4.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.0 months), and an overall survival of 10.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 13.3 months). The most common grade 3 or greater adverse events (AEs) overall were @entity417 (13%), @entity55 (9%), @entity4854 (8%), and @entity3136 (6%). While the incidence of @entity55 was similar (26 cases, 26%) to the reported incidence in Western @entity1 , the Korean presentations were more severe: 10 @entity1 permanently discontinued @entity2239 due to @entity55 , including two deaths on treatment. Statistically significant relationships were established between biologic @entity137 , @entity4854 and @entity417 , and @entity1349 ( @entity4854 vs. non- @entity4854 : hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; p=0.055 and @entity417 vs. @entity417 : HR, 0.51; p=0.021). CONCLUSION: @entity2239 was effective in Korean @entity1 with @entity1358 who had failed initial @entity319 -TKI therapy. While @entity2239 was well tolerated in general and the AE incidence of this study was similar to those of previous reports, severe @entity55 was common. @entity4854 and @entity417 showed significant correlation with @entity1349 and thus may be potentially useful as prognostic indicators.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2239 in korean @entity1 with @entity1358 following treatment failure with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor- XXXX kinase inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['non-anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PFS', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Urinary excretion of @entity2178 [urine @entity2178 (UAGT)] has been proposed as a biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. We investigated the association between UAGT and salt-sensitivity and @entity972 -sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) among Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity study @entity1 . METHODS: The intervention consisted of a 7-day low- @entity1372 diet (51.3mmol @entity1372 /day), 7-day high- @entity1372 diet (307.8mmol @entity1372 /day), and 7-day high- @entity1372 diet with @entity972 supplementation (307.8mmol @entity1372 /day and 60mmol @entity972 /day). Twenty-four-hour UAGT was estimated at baseline and at the end of each intervention for 100 randomly selected @entity1 . RESULTS: Median UAGT ( g/24h) and UAGT-to- @entity1011 ratio (UAGT/ @entity8818 ,  g/g) were significantly reduced during the low- @entity1372 and @entity972 -supplementation interventions and increased during the high- @entity1372 intervention (both P=0.01). Baseline log-transformed UAGT and UAGT/ @entity8818 ratio were significantly positively associated with BP at baseline and at the end of each intervention. For example, one standard deviation higher log-UAGT/ @entity8818 ratio (1.2 g/g) was associated with a 5.0-mmHg (95% confidence interval 2.3-7.8) higher @entity13519 at the end of the high- @entity1372 intervention, after adjusting for multiple covariates (P=0.003). In addition, one standard deviation higher log-UAGT/ @entity8818 ratio was associated with a 1.6-mmHg increase in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted @entity13519 from the low- @entity1372 intervention to the high- @entity1372 intervention (95% confidence interval 0.1-3.1, P=0.04). This association was no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that elevated UAGT are associated with BP @entity1372 sensitivity. Augmentation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity may play an important role in developing salt-sensitive @entity101 .

title: Urine @entity2178 and salt-sensitivity and XXXX -sensitivity of blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aprotinin (AP) reduces @entity190 and transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but may sensitise @entity1 and is expensive. @entity927 (TA) has less side-effects, but data regarding its efficacy are controversial. The aim of our prospective, randomised, double-blind study was to compare the impact of AP vs. TA on drainage @entity190 and transfusion requirements in @entity1 undergoing first time CABG on CPB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty adult @entity1 were randomised to receive either high-dose AP according to Hammersmith or a total of 2 g TA. Perioperative blood products were transfused in a standardised fashion. @entity190 was measured up to 24 h. Demographic and clinical @entity1 data were collected until hospital discharge. RESULTS: The data from 118 @entity1 (TA: n = 58, AP: n = 60) who completed the study according to protocol were analysed. @entity190 at 24 h postoperation in TA @entity1 was significantly higher (896 +/- 354 ml) as compared to AP @entity1 (756 +/- 347 ml; p = 0.03). TA @entity1 received 1.5 +/- 1.5 units of red blood cells (AP: 1.5 +/- 1.7, p = 1.0), 1.3 +/- 2.0 units of fresh frozen plasma (AP: 1.0 +/- 2.0, p = 0.38) and 0.5 +/- 1.4 units of platelets (AP: 0.2 +/- 0.7, p = 0.15). Clinical data, including perioperative @entity583 rate, @entity810 , mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and mortality, were not significantly different between either group. CONCLUSION: Our data show a difference in @entity190 between TA and high-dose AP. Although statistically significant, it has little clinical relevance, because perioperative transfusion requirements were similar for both groups. Thus, TA appears to be a cost-effective alternative to AP in primary CABG @entity1 .

title: Impact of @entity927 vs. aprotinin on XXXX and transfusion requirements after cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: Effects of conductive @entity393 on level and spectrum are well known. However, little is known about possible additional effects on temporal aspects of sound transmission. This study investigated effects of earplugs and @entity2171 on amplitude and timing of @entity18129 ( @entity18129 ) responses in gerbils. Bilateral @entity18129 responses to pure tones (1-16 kHz) were monitored before and after (i). unilateral earplug insertion or (ii). injection of silicone oil, of various viscosities, into one middle ear. Earplugs produced flat @entity393 (mean 13 dB) and delayed CMs more at lower (mean 80 micros, 1-6 kHz) than at higher (20 micros, 8-16 kHz) frequencies. Effusions also produced flat @entity393 . On average, high viscosity effusions produced @entity393 (36 dB) than medium (25 dB) or low (20 dB) viscosity effusions. Low and medium viscosity effusions delayed responses to lower (mean 82 and 65 micros respectively, 1-6 kHz) more than to higher (mean 20 and 10 micros respectively, 8-16 kHz) frequencies. High viscosity effusions produced smaller delays across all frequencies (mean 31 micros, 1-16 kHz). In normal animals, @entity18129 responses were not delayed over a wide range of stimulus levels. Therefore, in addition to attenuation, conductive loss distorts acoustic temporal cues important for hearing.

title: Effects of conductive XXXX on temporal aspects of sound transmission through the ear.

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'larger hearing losses', 'hearing losses']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cochlear microphonic']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies on the pathology of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) have focused on @entity32 -associated neuronal apoptosis. The traditional Chinese medicine @entity54941 has been studied extensively and found to have various beneficial health effects. However, study of its potential role in neuroprotection and the underlying mechanism of action in @entity1566 models has been limited. We investigated the effect of @entity54941 on neurologic functions and histopathologic changes after @entity1566 and the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects. First, the most effective @entity54941 dose for @entity1566 was evaluated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale and H_E staining: 100mg/kg was the most effective dose of @entity54941 for @entity1566 . Histopathologic changes were evaluated by performing Nissl staining, which indicated an increased number of neurons after @entity54941 administration. In terms of the mechanism of action, anti-apoptotic effect, downregulation of @entity32 , and @entity4 -attenuating effects were detected. TUNEL staining and electron microscopy revealed that @entity54941 treatment inhibited injury-induced apoptosis, and affected the expression of the apoptosis-related genes @entity2310 and @entity1976 , which indicated an anti-apoptotic role after @entity1566 . @entity54941 treatment suppressed immunoreactivity and expression of the inflammatory cytokines @entity3426 , @entity1505 , and p38 MAPK, and increased expression of @entity13358 after @entity1566 , suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. @entity54941 treatment suppressed expression of @entity6096 , which is related to @entity602 , suggesting an @entity4 -attenuating effect. These data suggest that @entity54941 promotes the recovery of neuronal function after @entity1566 in @entity35 , and that this effect is related to its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and @entity4 -attenuating effects.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity54941 in a XXXX model of traumatic injury to the spinal cord by anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and @entity4 -attenuating.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity54941 :: ('MESH:C087963', 'Chemical') :: ['Safranal', 'safranal']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal-cord edema']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) is more prevalent than @entity15 ( @entity15 ) in the Asian population. @entity3951 -IgG as a specific biomarker for @entity1652 has not been systematically validated in Thai @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To identify the proportion of central nervous system demyelinating disease of Thai @entity1 in one of referral center and examine its clinico-serological correlation with @entity3951 -IgG status. METHOD: Cross sectional collected sera from @entity1 who visited or were admitted to Prasat Neurological Institute from November 2009 to August 2010 were tested for serum @entity3951 -IgG levels. @entity1 information was reviewed and diagnoses of @entity15 and @entity922 ( @entity922 ) were made using the Revised McDonald criteria 2005. Diagnosis of @entity1652 was made using the Revised @entity1652 criteria 2006 (except for @entity3951 -IgG status) and @entity1652 spectrum disorder (NMOSD) criteria 2007. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 were identified including 12 with @entity1652 , 25 with limited form of @entity1652 , 16 with relapsing remitting @entity15 (RRMS), and 8 with @entity922 . @entity3951 -IgG was found in 65% of @entity1 in the NMOSD group. In the @entity15 / @entity922 group, 2 were @entity3951 -IgG seropositive. Pleocytosis was significantly higher in the NMOSD group than the @entity15 / @entity922 group. Cranial MRI revealed that the size and degree of @entity75 were similar in all study groups. However, spinal MRI showed that the @entity15 / @entity922 groups had a higher prevalence of @entity1347 and a higher abundance of white matter (p<0.05) than NMOSD group. @entity3951 -IgG seropositive samples correlated with female @entity1 and the presence of @entity7995 . CONCLUSION: NMOSD is more common than @entity15 in Thai @entity1 . Moreover, @entity3951 -IgG is highly specific for NMOSD. Spinal MRI can effectively distinguish NMOSD from @entity15 patients. @entity3951 -IgG seropositivity is highly correlated with females and the presence of @entity7995 .

title: @entity1652 spectrum disorders comprise the major portion of CNS inflammatory diseases in Thai XXXX : A cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['short segment myelitis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have been examining patterns of cell proliferation in the brain of adult @entity3392 . Understanding this process in fish may lead to important insights due to the tremendous regenerative capabilities of these animals. Fish were exposed to a 1% solution of the @entity1014 analog @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) for 1 hr before being returned to small aquaria that received frequent water changes. Animals were overanesthetized and perfused with Bouin's fixative solution after two survival periods (4 hr or 3-4 weeks). Paraffin immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against @entity1603 was used to visualize the newly generated cells. Quantitative analyses were performed on serial, 10-micron sections from 4 animals for each survival group. Statistical determinations were based on the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. The average number of @entity1603 -labeled nuclear profiles in the bulbs, from analysis of every 5th section, was significantly different between the two groups (22.0 +/- 6.8 [SEM] for the 4-hr group and 136.7 +/- 11.3 for the 4-wk group; p < 0.05). The volumes of the bulbs, however, were not different between the two groups (p > 0.5). These data indicate that either cells divided repeatedly during the longer survival period or cells migrated into the bulb from other brain regions. To examine this phenomenon further, the location of the new cells was analyzed in three mid-bulb sections (20 microns apart) from each animal. Both the area and number of labeled nuclei in each lamina were measured to obtain an average profile density. Comparison of the 4-hr and the 4-wk groups showed that density was significantly greater in all bulb layers in the long survival group (p < 0.05 for all). In the 4-hr survival group, cells were found mainly in the olfactory nerve layer. When examined after 4 wk, proportionately more labeled cells were found in the internal cell layer. This addition of new cells could be a result of neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and/or angiogenesis. We are currently performing double-labeling experiments to determine the types of cells that are added to the adult bulb. In addition, our future plans include investigating the origin of these cells and the signals that direct their formation.

title: Addition of new cells to the olfactory bulb of adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Alterations of cardiac nerves in @entity583 were investigated by electron microscopy after differing intervals in 28 @entity35 . During the first 4 h there are, in @entity17 within the myocardium, a swelling of the axoplasm with the occurrence of 'pale' axons and swelling of axonal mitochondria and neurosecretory granules. After bursting of the axolemma, these are spilled into the adjacent interstitial space. After 4 h first myelin figures are observed, and in some axons an accumulation of neurofilaments takes place. During the second to seventh day an extensive vesicular disintegration of axonal structures develops. Because of regressive changes, axons cannot be identified with certainty within the @entity39 . After two or three weeks nerves with lamellar enfoldings of cytoplasmic processes corresponding to B  ngner bands can be seen at the @entity1188 border. These nerves may contain only a few residual axons. Myelinated nerves show a mainly vesicular disintegration. The results are discussed with regard to their functional significance and the special conditions of the animal model, in which ligature of the coronary artery may not only produce @entity63 , but may also, by simultaneous ligature of the adjacent cardiac nerves, induce @entity6441 .

title: Morphology of cardiac nerves in experimental XXXX of @entity35 hearts. II. Electron microscopical findings.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['non-myelinated nerves']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: @entity25 ( @entity25 ) are common and problematic among anxious youth but have not been investigated in anxious youth with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). @entity1 were 102 youth (ages 7-16  years) with @entity72 and comorbid @entity148 . Youth and their primary caregiver were administered the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Parents completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for @entity1 -Parent (MASC-P) Report, Social Responsiveness Scale, and the @entity1 Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A measure of @entity25 was created from items from the CBCL and MASC-P. Results suggest @entity25 were relatively common among youth with @entity72 and comorbid @entity148 . The number of @entity25 endorsed directly associated with parent ratings of social deficits, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and @entity148 , as well as with clinician-rated @entity148 . Parent-rated internalizing symptoms predicted frequency of @entity25 over and above social deficits, externalizing symptoms, and parent- and clinician-rated @entity148 . A subset of 40 @entity1 who completed family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) experienced reduced @entity25 following treatment. Implications, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

title: Frequency and Clinical Correlates of Sleep-Related Problems Among Anxious Youth with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep-related problems', 'SRPs']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorders']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for use in the treatment of @entity2316 , we examined the effects of @entity15632 ( @entity9885 ), an @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ) specific ARB, on the progression of @entity8 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity35 , an animal model of type 2 @entity6 . We used 2 doses of @entity9885 , a sub-antihypertensive dose and an antihypertensive dose, to specifically examine whether the drug exerts beneficial effects on the kidney without lowering blood pressure. @entity9885 mixed in the diet at a concentration of 0.001% (approximately 0.6 mg/kg/day) or 0.01% (approximately 6 mg/kg/day) was administered for 19 weeks starting from 12 weeks of age, when the animals developed microalbuminuria. Lean non-diabetic @entity35 served as controls. @entity6 @entity35 had @entity4854 , @entity3190 , and moderate @entity101 as compared to lean control @entity35 . Plasma @entity413 and insulin concentrations were not affected by @entity9885 , and blood pressure was lowered only by the high dose of @entity9885 . Progressive @entity644 in @entity6 @entity35 was greatly (about 70%) suppressed by the high dose of @entity9885 and moderately (about 30%) suppressed by the low dose that did not significantly lower blood pressure. @entity6 @entity35 exhibited @entity407 and @entity4988 , both of which were substantially corrected by treatment with @entity9885 . The histological evidence of @entity8 in the @entity6 @entity35 was also reduced by the drug. These results indicate that @entity1809 receptor blockade with @entity9885 retards the progression of @entity8 associated with type 2 @entity6 without affecting @entity413 metabolism, and that this renal protective effect is at least partly independent of the antihypertensive effect of the drug.

title: Renoprotective effects of blockade of angiotensin II @entity1809 receptors in an animal model of type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular and tubular damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Zucker diabetic fatty', 'ZDF', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity15632 :: ('MESH:C097933', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan medoxomil']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan', 'Olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Usual sources of @entity3117 with @entity4570 are previous abdominal operation, @entity29 and @entity5 . Reported cases of @entity4570 caused by @entity420 were complicated by direct invasion. In this report, a 70-year-old male had a @entity3117 with @entity4570 and the cause was a metastatic @entity420 . As far as we know, this has not been reported previously in the literatures. The abscess went on chronic course for six months because intermittent administration of antibiotics modified its clinical presentation. The fistulous tract between the abscess and ileum was demonstrated by tubogram via the drainage catheter in abscess. The @entity1 underwent surgical treatment because the cause of @entity292 was obscure. Invasion of the ileum by metastatic @entity420 was diagnosed by the histologic examination of surgical specimen. Therefore, when a @entity292 develops without any apparent cause, there is a possibility of @entity5 , and surgical approach must be considered. An early surgical approach will prevent the delay in treatment and reduce the mortality.

title: [A case of @entity3117 with ileal fistula caused by metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of unknown origin', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of unknown origin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity55240 is a probiotic strain originally isolated from @entity1 breast milk. Previous clinical studies in @entity1 showed that the early administration of a milk formula containing this probiotic strain was safe and may be useful for the prevention of @entity5046 . This is a 3-year follow-up study aimed at evaluating the long-term effects produced by the early consumption of an @entity1 formula supplemented with @entity55240 (experimental group, EG) compared with a control formula without the probiotic (control group, CG). The @entity1 included in this follow-up study had previously completed a 5-month randomized double-blind controlled trial (from 1 to 6 months of age), where the safety and tolerance of the probiotic formula was evaluated. The main outcome of the follow-up study was the growth of the @entity1 . The secondary outcomes included the incidence of @entity166 , parameters related with intestinal function and faecal microbiota. At 3 years, the mean values of weight, length and head circumference were similar in @entity1 of the EG compared with those of the CG. No differences were observed in the incidence of @entity166 related with intestinal function. The pattern of faecal microbiota was also similar between both groups. In conclusion, this 3-year study shows that the early administration of the probiotic of @entity55240 in an @entity1 formula is safe and it does not produce measurable differences in @entity1 compared with a control formula.

title: Long-term safety of early consumption of XXXX : A 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and non-infectious diseases', 'infectious and non-infectious diseases or disorders']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity55240 :: ('712938', 'Species') :: ['L. fermentum CECT5716', 'Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716']

answer: @entity55240 :: (712938,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity135 is increasing. To improve the survival of @entity135 @entity1 , an effective program of screening and/or chemoprevention of second @entity5 is essential. An analysis of the incidence, time to development, and risk factors of second @entity5 in @entity135 @entity1 can contribute to the design of effective screening and chemoprevention programs. METHODS: Eight hundred, fifty-one @entity1 with @entity957 of the larynx (n = 224), tonsils (n = 189), pyriform sinus (n = 165), oral cavity (n = 129), mobile tongue (n = 72), and base of tongue (n = 72) treated from 1978 to 1990 were analyzed for the presence of a second @entity5 after initial therapy. Of these 851 @entity1 , 544 (64%) were documented smokers and 35 (4%) were nonsmokers. No smoking information was available for 272 @entity1 . Four hundred, fifty-four @entity1 (53%) were consumers of @entity167 and 64 @entity1 (8%) were nondrinkers. @entity167 consumption information was not available for 333 @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred, sixty-two (19%) second @entity135 occurred in the original 851 @entity1 . Sixty-six @entity1 (41%) had @entity5 , and 96 @entity1 (59%) had @entity5 . The probability of developing a second @entity5 5-years after undergoing treatment for the @entity135 was 22%. Borderline statistical significance was observed in the 5-year second @entity5 incidence based on the site of the initial primary @entity5 (46% for the base of tongue, 34% for the pyriform sinus, 23% for the larynx, 18% for the oral cavity, 15% for the tonsils, and 10% for the mobile tongue). @entity286 smoking (3% for nonsmokers vs. 26% for < or = 20 pack-years vs. 42% for > 20 and < or = 40 packs/year vs. 30% for > 40 packs/year of smoking) and the consumption of @entity167 (5% for non-drinkers vs. 32% for drinkers) were both statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of developing a second @entity5 . Multivariate analysis revealed that the two independent variables that influenced the occurrence of a second @entity5 were the anatomic site of the original primary @entity5 and @entity1 age. The survival rate after the second @entity5 was influenced significantly by the site of the second @entity5 (20% for a second @entity135 , 3% for a second @entity418 , and 2% for a second @entity2 ). Continued smoking (20% for non-smokers vs. 5% for smokers) and continued @entity167 consumption (27% for nondrinkers vs. 6% for drinkers) also adversely influenced the survival after the occurrence of a second @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high rate of second @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity135 . The development of a second @entity5 is almost always fatal. Screening programs and chemoprevention trials should be directed toward @entity5 @entity1 with @entity135 . Only the small subset of nonsmokers and nondrinkers should be excluded from such trials.

title: Synchronous and metachronous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['initial head and neck cancer', 'initial head and neck malignancies', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'head or neck cancer', 'initial head and neck cancers', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous tumors', 'cancers', 'metachronous cancer', 'malignancies', 'cancer', 'synchronous tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol', 'alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['initial squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity584 inhibitor @entity17138 at a dose of 60 mg every other day was evaluated in @entity356 . METHODS: @entity1 who had progressed after first-line treatment were eligible. Pertinent eligibility criteria included adequate organ function, a fasting serum @entity413 level    <=   150 mg/dL, and less than grade 2 @entity8884 or chronic @entity294 . @entity17138 was given orally (60 evaluable @entity1 required). The primary endpoint was overall survival, and a median survival of 6.5 months (power, 89%; significance level, 0.07) was considered encouraging for further investigation. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 were included in the final analyses. The median age was 59.8 years (range, 30.4-86.7 years); 70% were male, 89% were white, and 7% were Asian. There were 2 deaths possibly related to the study drug ( @entity1167 and @entity1576 ). Grade 4 adverse events included @entity4854 , @entity417 , and @entity358 (1 each). Grade 3 adverse events occurred in < 5% of @entity1 except for @entity1295 (6%). Other adverse events (all grades) included @entity417 (17%), @entity448 (30%), @entity294 (26%), @entity1295 (50%), @entity4854 (30%), @entity390 (40%), @entity391 (22%), dry skin (19%), maculopapular @entity1910 (30%), and acneiform @entity1910 (13%). The response rate was 1%, the median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval, 1.7-1.8 months), and the median overall survival was 5.1 months (95% confidence interval, 3.7-9.4 months) CONCLUSIONS: @entity17138 as second-line therapy was well tolerated by an unselected group of @entity1 with @entity356 , but it did not have sufficient activity (response rate, 1%; overall survival, 5.1 months) to warrant further testing in this population. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Phase 2 study of @entity17138 , an allosteric inhibitor of @entity584 , as second-line therapy for advanced XXXX : A SWOG cooperative group trial (S1005).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer']


abstract: Time-dependent changes in the surface receptor expression of various maturational and integrin receptors on peripheral blood cells were studied in two healthy @entity1 volunteers following oral applications of @entity2816 (Thd). In each measurement the receptor density was quantified by prior calibration of the flow cytometer with latex beads bearing a determined number of fluorescence molecules. The effects observed in the course of the Thd-treatment were practically identical or at least very similar in both the volunteers during four different trials, and were in accord with previous results obtained in large-scale studies (68 treated animals) with non- @entity1 primates. It should be stressed that no clear-cut changes were observed in the percentage or absolute numbers of primary lymphocyte subsets such as CD3, @entity404 and @entity2225 . After the first two doses of 7 mg Thd/kg body wt the @entity1454 (the common beta-chain of the @entity12078 -integrins) marker already decreased in surface density or was no longer detectable on granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. This effect persisted throughout the treatment period and slowly subsided after discontinuation of treatment. With a few days lag phase, the surface density of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) on granulocytes increased and many cells previously not bearing this receptor newly acquired such surface markers. On monocytes however, the @entity2071 receptor was lost on many cells. Within the lymphocyte fraction a loss of the @entity2071 marker could be noted on @entity404 cells but not on CD8 cells, where an increase of the receptor expression could be observed. Other markers, such as the alpha chains of the @entity10483 integrins @entity12974 (VLA alpha 2) and @entity5690 (VLA alpha 4) showed contrasting reactions to the Thd-treatment. Whereas a pronounced loss of the receptor density of @entity5690 was observed and only few cells with high epitope density were left in the blood at the end of the complete dosing schedule, no such effect was observable on cells bearing the @entity12974 epitope. A distinct reduction of the number of receptors was also noticeable on @entity1196 ( @entity1196 ) bearing cells. On @entity404 positive lymphocytes, the majority of the described effects on the integrin and adhesion receptors was seen on cells bearing the CD45R0 maturational epitope. This functional receptor is strongly down-regulated and the pathway of CD45RA to CD45R0 maturation is apparently altered by Thd-treatment. These multiple changes we observed may explain the large variety of therapeutic effects experienced in the treatment with Thd.

title: XXXX and the immune system. 3. Simultaneous up- and down-regulation of different integrin receptors on @entity1 white blood cells.

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['Thalidomide']


abstract: (1) @entity1 frequently complain of occasional bowel @entity717 , associated with @entity490 or discomfort, but they are rarely due to an underlying organ involvement. Even when @entity1 have recurrent symptoms, serious disorders are no more frequent in these @entity1 than in the general population, unless other manifestations, @entity417 , or an inflammatory syndrome is also present; (2) There is currently no way of radically modifying the natural course of recurrent @entity1744 ; (3) The effects of antispasmodics on @entity490 have been tested in about 20 randomised controlled trials. Pinaverium and peppermint essential oil have the best-documented efficacy and only moderate adverse effects. Antispasmodics with marked atropinic effects do not have a favourable risk-benefit balance; (4) Tricylic antidepressants seem to have only modest analgesic effects in this setting. In contrast, their adverse effects are frequent and they have somewhat negative risk-benefit balances. Nor has the efficacy of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) been demonstrated; (5) @entity29940 and tegaserod carry a risk of potentially life-threatening adverse effects and therefore have negative risk-benefit balances; (6) Seeds of plants such as psyllium and ispaghul, as well as raw apples and pears, have a limited impact on @entity1142 and @entity158 . Osmotic laxatives are effective on @entity1142 . Symptomatic treatments for @entity1142 can sometimes aggravate abdominal discomfort; (7) @entity3062 has been poorly assessed in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1744 with @entity294 . It modestly slows bowel movement but does not relieve @entity158 or abdominal discomfort; (8) Dietary measures have not been tested in comparative trials. Some @entity1 are convinced that certain foods provoke a recurrence of @entity1744 , but restrictive diets carry a risk of @entity3147 ; (9) Various techniques intended to control emotional and @entity132 have been proposed, including relaxation, biofeedback, hypnosis, and psychotherapy. The results of clinical trials are not convincing; (10) Oral products containing live bacteria, designed to change the equilibrium of intestinal flora, have been tested in 13 placebo-controlled trials, with inconsistent results. A few cases of @entity295 have been reported; (11) The six available trials of acupuncture (versus sham acupuncture) showed no more than a placebo effect; (12) In practice, @entity1 who have recurrent @entity1744 but with no other signs of a condition warranting specific treatment should be reassured as to the harmless nature of their disorder if a careful physical examination and basic laboratory tests are negative. The only available treatments have purely symptomatic effects and only limited efficacy. It is best to avoid using all treatments and additional diagnostic investigations that carry a risk of disproportionate adverse effects.

title: XXXX : a mild disorder; purely symptomatic treatment.

entities_list: @entity29940 :: ('MESH:C090840', 'Chemical') :: ['Alosetron']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['Loperamide']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVES One possible cause of differences in drug efficacy and adverse reactions is genetic variation in how individuals metabolize drugs. @entity1 AND METHODS 273 Caucasian @entity309 @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for at least 6 months or stopped @entity1500 because of adverse events (AEs). Seven polymorphisms in five cellular pathway genes ( @entity12859 @entity47607 , @entity26373 @entity60446 , @entity9769 @entity24038 and @entity9770 , @entity16981 2R/3R, @entity16981 6-bp deletion, and @entity23906 @entity60447 ) were examined for their effects on @entity1500 efficacy and @entity137 in this group. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood. RESULTS 53% of @entity1 reported some @entity137 during at least one visit and 17% had AE(s) leading to @entity1500 withdrawal. Overall, @entity1500 -related AEs were more frequent in @entity1 with the @entity9769 677T allele than in those with the 677CC genotype (p = 0.01, OR=1.97) and the @entity26373 401CC genotype than in those with @entity26373 401CT and TT genotype (p=0.05, OR= 3.8). Furthermore, the @entity9769 677T allele was associated with aminotransferases elevations (p = 0.02, OR= 3.4). @entity1500 -related hepatotoxicity and @entity1665 were more frequent in @entity1 with the @entity12859 80AA genotype (p=0.01, OR= 3.5 and p=0.04, OR=2.4 respectively). A more rapid good response to @entity1500 therapy was demonstrated in @entity9769 677CC homozygotes (OR=3.4, p=0.001). There was no other relationship between the seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the efficacy of @entity1500 treatment. CONCLUSIONS The @entity9769 677CC and @entity26373 401TT and CT genotype were associated with a reduction in the number of @entity1500 -related AE. Composite allele and genotype analyses may help identify subsets of @entity309 @entity1 with adverse outcomes.

title: Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of @entity12859 , @entity26373 , @entity9769 , @entity16981 and @entity23906 and the efficacy and XXXX of @entity1499 treatment in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: This paper reports a homicidal case in which the absorption-elution technique using @entity12142 beads as immunoadsorbents was successfully applied to @entity6910 grouping from highly-diluted blood. A 21-year-old @entity1 was found dead in bed while staying in a hotel. He had multiple wounds over the entire body. By autopsy the cause of @entity204 was decided to be @entity20736 . The victim's blood group was A. A bucket filled with faint-colored water was found at the scene. By means of the absorption-elution technique using @entity12142 beads the water was grouped as B. Later, a 32-year-old @entity1 staying in the hotel together with the victim was suspected and arrested. The suspect's blood group was B. He confessed that he had injured himself in the hands with a knife during the struggle and washed them in the water.

title: XXXX grouping of highly-dilute blood by the absorption-elution technique using @entity12142 beads--application to a casework investigation.

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used in a retrospective analysis of chromosomal imbalances in frozen primary @entity5 specimens from 14 @entity1204 @entity1 . Chromosome changes were detected in nine cases (64%), and @entity5 stage and grade tended to parallel the degree of genomic imbalances. Gain of the entire long arm of chromosome 1 was observed in six cases (43%), three of which displayed only this chromosome change. Other common sites of copy number increases included 8q21-->qter (4 cases), 10p15 (4 cases), 10q11-->q24 (3 cases), and 13q21-->qter (3 cases, each with @entity5 ). Two of the @entity5 with gains of chromosome 10 involved the whole chromosome, and this was the sole abnormality in one case. DNA amplification at 5p14-->p15 was identified in one specimen, a @entity5 having numerous imbalances. DNA microsatellite analysis revealed multiple @entity124 ( @entity124 ), indicative of the @entity124 + phenotype, in four of 13 (31%) cases evaluated. The @entity124 + phenotype was observed in four of six stage la @entity5 but in none of seven stage @entity5 . Multiple genomic imbalances detected by CGH were not observed in @entity124 + @entity5 but were detected in five of nine @entity5 without the @entity124 + phenotype. These investigations demonstrate the feasibility of CGH for the retrospective assessment of chromosomal changes in @entity1204 specimens. Moreover, these data suggest that the etiologies in @entity5 with and without the @entity124 + phenotype may differ.

title: Detection of DNA gains and losses in primary XXXX by comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'stage III tumor', 'Ib or stage III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'replication errors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with intestinal failure (IF) are known to have impaired absorption of nutrients required for maintenance of skeletal mass. Rates and risk factors of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) are unknown in pediatric IF @entity1 . METHODS: Following IRB approval, @entity1 with IF having undergone DXA scans were identified and laboratory, clinical, and nutritional intake variables were recorded. @entity79 was defined by a z-score of less than or equal to -2.0. Univariate followed by multivariable regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 underwent a total of 99 routine DXA scans. Twenty-seven (41%) had @entity41910 , 22 (34%) had low @entity79 , and nineteen (29%) had a history of @entity174 . Variables noted to be associated with low @entity79 (p<0.1) on univariate analysis were considered for multivariable regression. Multivariable regression identified WAZ and serum calcium levels (p<0.05) as independent predictors of low @entity79 z-score. None of the other evaluated factors were associated with the risk of low @entity79 . @entity79 was not associated with risk of @entity174 . CONCLUSION: There is a significant incidence of low @entity79 in @entity1 with IF. WAZ and lower serum calcium levels are associated with risk of low @entity79 . Additional long term prospective studies are needed to further characterize the risk factors associated with low @entity79 .

title: Metabolic bone disease in pediatric intestinal failure XXXX : Prevalence and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'Low BMD']

entities_list: @entity41910 :: ('MESH:D014808', 'Disease') :: ['vitamin D deficiency']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The advent of receptor binding techniques has provided new ways of studying the mechanism of action of drugs. In vitro radioligand binding is now currently applied to investigate the specificity or multiple action of compounds. By using the same technique, the binding affinity of a drug can be measured for a variety of neurotransmitter, drug, peptide and ion channel receptor binding sites, providing the drug's receptor binding profile (LEYSEN et al. 1981; LEYSEN 1984). However, in vitro receptor binding is only the initial step in the investigation of drug-receptor interactions. Investigations in vivo are required to allow evaluation of how and where a drug acts. In fact, the study of drug-receptor interactions comprises three main stages: (a) in vitro radioligand receptor binding; (b) in vivo receptor binding, providing information on the accessibility of the drugs to the receptors localized in various central and peripheral tissues, on the drug potency for occupying various receptors, on the duration of receptor occupation and on the relationship between the degree of receptor occupation and pharmacological effects; and (c) the study of receptor regulation: the effect of chronic drug treatment on receptor alterations compared with alterations in functional responses in vivo. In this article, we will illustrate the three stages of investigation of receptor interactions and discuss the relevance and importance of the findings, using as examples three drugs known in psychopharmacological research: (a) the neuroleptic @entity1767 , a prototype of a @entity935 D2 antagonist: (b) @entity61741 , a potential antipsychotic agent with very potent @entity750 S2 and moderate D2 antagonistic activity (CEULEMANS et al. 1985; LEYSEN et al. 1986); and (c) @entity7301 , a potent and long-acting S2 antagonist (LEYSEN et al. 1985), which has revealed therapeutic activity in dysthymia and negative symptoms of @entity161 (REYNTJENS et al. 1986; GELDERS et al. 1986). Particular attention will be paid to the problem of receptor regulation. We challenge the general applicability of the receptor regulation theory, which states that persistent receptor stimulation causes desensitisation and receptor downregulation, whereas chronic deprivation of receptor stimulation leads to supersensitivity and receptor upregulation. Recent research has revealed that the theory does not hold for S2 receptor alterations, which were found to downregulate following chronic receptor blockade.

title: Receptor interactions of XXXX and @entity750 antagonists: binding in vitro and in vivo and receptor regulation.

entities_list: @entity61741 :: ('MESH:C045359', 'Chemical') :: ['Setoperone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The clinical and haematological findings in 131 @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), none of which had previously received chemotherapy or radiotherapy, classified according to the @entity1334 criteria, were analysed. The distribution among the 5 subgroups was: @entity309 31 @entity1 , RAS 19, @entity7139 23, @entity12188 29 and RAEBT 29 @entity1 . There were difficulties in the classification of 24 @entity1 . These included, first, 8 cases with @entity1373 of the bone marrow (BM) but without monocytosis or excess of blasts of the BM. They were classified as @entity309 . Second, 8 cases with sideroblastosis but with monocytosis or excess of blasts of the BM were classified 3 as @entity7139 , 2 as @entity12188 and 3 as RAEBT. Finally, 8 cases with absolute monocytosis and BM blasts 15-30% were classified as @entity12188 . 37 of 82 dead @entity1 (45.1%) had transformed to @entity981 ( @entity981 ). The incidence of evolution to @entity981 was low for @entity309 and RAS (6.30% and 12.5% respectively), while it was 37.5% for @entity7139 , 57.1% for @entity12188 and 77.2% for RAEBT. The median survival for each subgroup was: @entity309 18 months; RAS 25; @entity7139 13; @entity12188 14 and RAEBT 10 months. It is concluded that the @entity1334 classification with some modifications recognises group of @entity2590 with different prognosis.

title: @entity2590 : analysis of 131 cases according to the XXXX classification.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['FAB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose microenvironment is involved in signaling pathways that influence @entity0 . We aim to characterize factors that are modified: 1) in @entity5 and non @entity5 @entity1 breast epithelial cell lines when incubated with conditioned media (CMs) from @entity1 @entity0 adipose tissue explants (hATT) or normal breast adipose tissue explants ( @entity11442 ); 2) in @entity11442 -CMs vs hATT-CMs; 3) in the @entity5 associated adipocytes vs. non @entity5 associated adipocytes. METHODS: We used @entity11442 or hATT- CMs on @entity5 and @entity0 cell lines. We evaluated changes in @entity24319 , @entity1759 , @entity17865 and @entity15443 expression on cell lines or in the different CMs. In addition we evaluated changes in the morphology and expression of these factors in slices of the different adipose tissues. The statistical significance between different experimental conditions was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post-hoc tests were performed within each individual treatment. RESULTS: hATT-CMs increase @entity24319 , @entity1759 , @entity17865 and @entity15443 expression in @entity0 epithelial cells. Furthermore, hATT-CMs present higher levels of @entity24319 expression compared to @entity11442 -CMs. In addition, we observed a loss of effect in cellular migration when we pre-incubated hATT-CMs with chondroitinase ABC, which cleaves GAGs chains bound to the @entity24319 core protein, thus losing the ability to bind to @entity1759 . Adipocytes associated with the invasive front are reduced in size compared to adipocytes that are farther away. Also, hATT adipocytes express significantly higher amounts of @entity24319 , @entity1759 and @entity15443 , and significantly lower amounts of @entity1254 and @entity7927 , unlike @entity11442 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hATT secrete a different set of proteins compared to @entity11442 . Furthermore, @entity24319 , a proteoglycan that is overexpressed in hATT-CMs compared to @entity11442 -CMs, might be involved in the tumorogenic behavior observed in both cell lines employed. In addition, we may conclude that adipocytes from the @entity5 microenvironment show a less differentiated state than adipocytes from normal microenvironment. This would indicate a loss of normal functions in mature adipocytes (such as energy storage), in support of others that might favor @entity5 growth.

title: @entity1 breast adipose tissue: characterization of factors that change during @entity5 progression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'non-tumor breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in locally advanced @entity135 is an effective and often the only treatment with a chance of cure. An alternative is to use chemotherapeutic agents at low doses as radiosensitizers. In this study we examined the radiosensitizing effect of low dose @entity1311 in locally advanced @entity135 . @entity1 and methods: 26 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1544 and the oropharynx were treated with external beam radiotherapy up to doses of 66-70 Gy and received concomitantly 2 mg/m(2) @entity1311 intravenously three times a week. Response rates according to WHO criteria, side effects according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, overall and progression-free survival were evaluated. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the therapy. Median radiation dose was 66 Gy, @entity1311 dose 40 mg/m(2) and treatment duration 54 days. 8 weeks after completion of therapy complete response was 30.8%, partial response 34.6%, stable disease 11.5% and progressive disease 23.1%. The median follow-up time was 25 months (9-36). At the cloes- out date 12 (46,1%) of the @entity1 were alive, 9 without evidence of disease. The estimated median overall survival was 22 months (CI 14.2-34.6), the median progression-free survival 12 months (CI 5.2-18.8). We observed four grade 4, fourteen grade 3 and numerous grade 1-2 side effects. There was no treatment related @entity204 . DISCUSSION: Our regimen resulted in a worse response rate than the aggressive chemoradiation protocols treating the same disease. However, the two-year survival was comparable with the results of other studies. The advantages of our schedule are that it is well tolerated, easy to perform on an outpatient basis, resource effective and does not deteriorate the general condition of the @entity1 , therefore successive therapy can be carried out immediately if necessary. We intend to evaluate the effectivity of this treatment in a study comparing radiotherapy with @entity1311 sensitization versus radiotherapy alone.

title: [Low-dose XXXX radiosensitization in locally advanced @entity135 ]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Taxol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between codon 72 polymorphisms (Pro or B and @entity534 or b alleles) of the @entity876 gene and @entity2 risk among Bangladeshis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distribution of the BB, Bb, and bb genotypes and the frequencies of the B and b alleles were determined by PCR-RFLP method using DNA extracted from leucocytes of 50 confirmed @entity2 @entity1 and 50 age-matched controls and the data were analysed. RESULTS: The ratio of BB, Bb, and bb genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for the male @entity1 (  2=4.6). The B allele is overrepresented among all @entity1 (OR=2.0, p=0.02) and the female @entity1 (OR=4.1, p <=0.01) compared to the controls. The BB/bb ratio was also higher among the @entity1 (OR=3.0, p=0.03). The relative risk of @entity5 for having BB over bb genotype was 1.8 (p=0.04) but no effect was observed for the Bb genotype. The B allele was overrepresented among @entity1 with @entity420 (OR=2.4, p <=0.01) and @entity957 (OR=2.7, p <=0.01) over the controls but the difference was not significant for those with @entity151 (OR=1.1, p=0.66). The B allele was overrepresented among @entity1 age 50 or younger (OR=2.7, p <=0.01), but not for older @entity1 (OR=1.7, p=0.07), and among smokers compared to the controls (OR=1.8-10.0, p <=0.01-0.03). However, no correlation between increasing pack-years and @entity2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The Pro/Pro (BB) genotype and the B allele are risk factors for @entity2 among Bangladeshis, particularly for @entity1 under age 50, @entity1 and smokers.

title: XXXX Codon 72 Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk in the Bangladeshi Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity79 (enthesis) is a complex hierarchical tissue that connects stiff bone to compliant tendon. The attachment site at the micrometer scale exhibits gradients in mineral content and collagen orientation, which likely act to minimize stress concentrations. The physiological micromechanics of the attachment thus define resultant performance, but difficulties in sample preparation and mechanical testing at this scale have restricted understanding of structure-mechanical function. Here, microscale beams from entheses of wild type @entity19 and @entity19 with mineral defects were prepared using cryo-focused ion beam milling and pulled to failure using a modified atomic force microscopy system. Micromechanical behavior of tendon-to-bone structures, including elastic modulus, strength, resilience, and toughness, were obtained. Results demonstrated considerably higher mechanical performance at the micrometer length scale compared to the millimeter tissue length scale, describing enthesis material properties without the influence of higher order structural effects such as defects. Micromechanical investigation revealed a decrease in strength in entheses with mineral defects. To further examine structure-mechanical function relationships, @entity146 was determined using local image correlation. A high compliance zone near the mineralized gradient of the attachment was clearly identified and highlighted the lack of correlation between mineral distribution and strain on the low-mineral end of the attachment. This compliant region is proposed to act as an energy absorbing component, limiting @entity2131 through higher local deformation. This understanding of tendon-to-bone micromechanics demonstrates the critical role of micrometer scale features in the mechanics of the tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The @entity79 (enthesis) is a complex hierarchical tissue with features at a numerous scales that dissipate stress concentrations between compliant tendon and stiff bone. At the micrometer scale, the enthesis exhibits gradients in collagen and mineral composition and organization. However, the physiological mechanics of the enthesis at this scale remained unknown due to difficulty in preparing and testing micrometer scale samples. This study is the first to measure the tensile mechanical properties of the enthesis at the micrometer scale. Results demonstrated considerably enhanced mechanical performance at the micrometer length scale compared to the millimeter tissue length scale and identified a high-compliance zone near the mineralized gradient of the attachment. This understanding of tendon-to-bone micromechanics demonstrates the critical role of micrometer scale features in the mechanics of the tissue.

title: Micro-mechanical properties of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tendon-to-bone attachment']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic failure within the tendon-to-bone attachment']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['local deformation behavior along the tendon-to-bone attachment']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['tendon-to-bone attachment']


abstract: To increase individual male fitness, males of various species remain near a (potential) mating partner and repel their rivals (mate-guarding). Mate-guarding is assumed to be mediated by two different types of motivation: sexual motivation toward the opposite sex and competitive motivation toward the same sex. The genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying how mate presence affects male competitive motivation in a triadic relationship has remained largely unknown. Here we showed that male @entity7021 fish prominently exhibit mate-guarding behavior. The presence of a female robustly triggers male-male competition for the female in a triadic relationship (2 males and 1 female). The male-male competition resulted in one male occupying a dominant position near the female while interfering with the other male's approach of the female. Paternity testing revealed that the dominant male had a significantly higher mating success rate than the other male in a triadic relationship. We next generated @entity7021 mutants of @entity369 - @entity10063 (avt) and its receptors (V1a1, V1a2) and revealed that two genes, avt and V1a2, are required for normal mate-guarding behavior. In addition, behavioral analysis of @entity146 in a dyadic relationship and @entity146 within a male group revealed that avt mutant males displayed decreased sexual motivation but showed normal aggression. In contrast, heterozygote V1a2 mutant males displayed @entity146 , but normal mate-guarding and courtship behavior. Thus, impaired mate-guarding in avt and V1a2 homozygote mutants may be due to the loss of sexual motivation toward the opposite sex, and not to the loss of competitive motivation toward rival males. The different behavioral phenotypes between avt, V1a2 heterozygote, and V1a2 homozygote mutants suggest that there are redundant systems to activate V1a2 and that endogenous ligands activating the receptor may differ according to the social context.

title: An Essential Role of the @entity369 Vasotocin System in Mate-Guarding Behaviors in Triadic Relationships of @entity7021 Fish ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['vasotocin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'decreased aggression', 'courtship behaviors']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Oryzias latipes']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide a systematic review in relation to evidence-based practice for the management of @entity250 in adults with @entity5 and to define the current state of knowledge about intervention for this symptom, the gaps and barriers in the current state of knowledge, and recommendations for public education and future research direction. DATA SOURCES: Articles published from 1980-2000, books, and practice standards. DATA SYNTHESIS: Few tested interventions are available to treat @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Those dysfunctions investigated include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, bladder control, and sexual functioning in two @entity0 populations, and psychosocial issues in a remaining few. Many diverse interventions have been reported based on expert opinion and case study. CONCLUSIONS: Although an abundance of literature exists related to the provision of interventions for @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity5 , few results are from randomized controlled clinical trials. @entity250 has been addressed extensively in the literature in relation to @entity1 with @entity5 , but information is needed to ascertain the best assessment strategy and the best intervention, along with appropriate outcome criteria and research design. Description and control of the disease and treatment variables as outcome moderators are needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Reliable and valid interventions to promote sexual function are necessary as nurses intervene with @entity1 and their partners. Practice guidelines are available but must begin to be based on research as well as expert opinion. As more research-based intervention information becomes available, clinicians will be able to provide care with greater confidence and certainty.

title: Evidence-based practice for symptom management in adults with XXXX : @entity250 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize the subsequent therapy experiences for @entity7492 after discontinuation of oral @entity1169 treatment, and explore the relationships between clinical interventions and types of @entity7492 . METHODS: In this retrospective study from January 2010 to May 2014, a total of 137 @entity1 with @entity2695 undergoing sequential therapy after oral @entity1169 treatment. There were 41 males and 96 females. The median age was 16 months, ranging from 14 to 25 months. After oral @entity1169 treatment, the outcomes were evaluated to be grade III in 74 cases, grade IIin 62 cases and grade     in 1 case. The types were papula (n=31), @entity8721 (n=11), plump (n=74), deep (n=12) and compound (n=9). The primary sites were 3 cases in scalp, forty-nine in face, thirty-three in trunk, thirty-eight in extremities. @entity15616 presented in 45 cases, and parenchyma @entity1184 presented in 80 cases. Sequential therapy were performed including laser therapy for 38 cases, intralesional @entity7290 injection for 63 cases, and plastic surgery for 16 cases. The efficacy was re-evaluated on a 4-level scale, combined with evaluations of scar, @entity15616 or @entity2118 . SPSS18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Chi-square test showed significant differences between 5 types in occurrence of @entity15616 and parenchyma @entity1184 (P<0.01). After a follow-up of 6 months to 4 years, the outcomes were evaluated to be grade IV in 122 cases, grade III in 15 cases, without grade IIor grade    case. There were significant differences in 5 types of @entity7492 before and after sequential therapy( H=53.445   9.941, 120.324, 17.000, 18.899, P<0.01). @entity86 was presented in 2 cases around to joints, and mild @entity2118 was noticed in 2 cases after intralesional @entity7290 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15616 and parenchyma @entity1184 may be more likely present in @entity7492 after oral @entity1169 treatment. Laser therapy is recommended for @entity1 with papula or @entity8721 , when necessary, intralesional @entity7290 injection should be combined. Intralesional @entity7290 injection should be the first choice for plump or compound type   whereas surgery should be executed in @entity1 with deep type or other plump type complicated by severe @entity1373 , after which combined intralesional @entity7290 injection may be required for postoperative superficial residues.

title: [Subsequent therapy for @entity7492 after discontinuation of oral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangiomas', 'infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15616 :: ('MESH:D003483', 'Disease') :: ['Cutis laxa', 'cutis laxa']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigment alteration']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative scar']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['Pingyangmycin']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: Effect of @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ), an environmental pollutant, on intracellular @entity8862 concentration was tested in @entity35 thymocytes to reveal one of cytotoxic profiles of @entity2385 at nanomolar concentrations using a flow cytometer and appropriate fluorescent probes. @entity2385 at concentrations of 30 nM or more (up to 300 nM) significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence, an indicator for intracellular @entity8862 concentration, under external @entity141 - and @entity8862 -free condition. Chelating intracellular @entity8862 completely attenuated the @entity2385 -induced augmentation of FluoZin-3 fluorescence. Result suggests that nanomolar @entity2385 releases @entity8862 from intracellular store site. Oxidative stress induced by @entity273 also increased the FluoZin-3 fluorescence intensity. The effects of @entity2385 and @entity273 on the fluorescence were additive. @entity2385 -induced changes in the fluorescence of FluoZin-3 and @entity15307 , an indicator for cellular @entity1432 content, were correlated with a coefficient of -0.962. Result suggests that the intracellular @entity8862 release by @entity2385 is associated with @entity2385 -induced reduction of cellular @entity1432 content. However, chelating intracellular @entity8862 potentiated the @entity137 of @entity2385 . Therefore, the @entity2385 -induced increase in intracellular @entity8862 concentration may be a type of stress responses to protect the cells.

title: @entity2384 increases intracellular @entity8862 concentration by decreasing cellular @entity1432 content in XXXX thymocytes.

entities_list: @entity15307 :: ('MESH:C069306', 'Chemical') :: ['5-chloromethylfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-n-butyltin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5202 is an entity characterized by an esophageal inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils, manifested by @entity1282 , intermittent food impactions and symptoms similar to @entity354 ( @entity354 ), that predominantly affects young adults. There may be association of @entity5202 with @entity354 , and @entity4681 have been described. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study are to describe the findings at esophageal manometry and pH monitoring in @entity1 with @entity5202 . METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 20 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity5202 , submitted to esophageal manometry and 24h pH monitoring. Were analysed the manometric changes and the presence of abnormal reflux on pH monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ) had a mean age of 29 years. @entity1319 were found in 25% (5/20) @entity1 with ineffective esophageal motility being the most common finding. pH monitoring revealed abnormal reflux on 25%, without any relationship with manometric findings. CONCLUSIONS: Manometric abnormalities were observed in 25% of @entity1 and abnormal reflux on pH monitoring also in 25%. This study showed no relationship between abnormal reflux and the presence of manometric changes.

title: XXXX : manometric and pHmetric findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Motility disorders']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Routine chest radiography (CXR) following @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) is a standard practice in most @entity130 centres worldwide. Evidence supporting this routine practice is lacking and the actual yield is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 1042 @entity1 over a 4-year period who had a routine post-insertion CXR performed in accordance with current ATLS(  ) recommendations. RESULTS: A total 1042 TTs were performed on 1004 @entity1 . Ninety-one per cent of @entity1 (913/1004) were males, and the median age for all @entity1 was 24 years. Seventy-five per cent of all injuries (756/1004) were from penetrating @entity130 , and the remaining 25% (248/1004) were from blunt. The initial pathologies requiring @entity5274 were: haemopneumothorax: 34% (339/1042), haemothroax: 31% (314/1042), simple pneumothorax: 25% (256/1042), tension pneumothorax: 8% (77/1042) and open pneumothorax: 5% (54/1042). One hundred and three @entity1 had TTs performed on clinical grounds alone without a pre-insertion CXR [Group A]. One hundred and ninety-one @entity1 had a pre-insertion CXR but had persistent clinical concerns following insertion [Group B]. Seven hundred and ten @entity1 had pre-insertion CXR but no clinical concerns following insertion [Group C]. Overall, 15% (152/1004) [9 from Group A, 111 from Group B and 32 from Group C] of all @entity1 had their clinical management influenced as a direct result of the post-insertion CXR. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the widely accepted practice of routine CXR following @entity5274 , the yield is relatively low. In many cases, good clinical examination post tube insertion will provide warnings as to whether problems are likely to result. However, in the more rural setting, and in resource challenged environments, there is a relatively high yield from the CXR, which alters management. Further prospective studies are needed to establish or refute the role of the existing ATLS(  ) guidelines in these specific environments.

title: What is the yield of routine chest radiography following XXXX for @entity130 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['TT', 'tube thoracostomy']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['tube thoracostomy']


abstract: There are approximately 7.8 million @entity1 in Latin America, including Chile, who suffer from @entity1526 and another 28 million who are at risk of contracting it. Chagas is caused by the flagellate protozoan @entity1527 . It is a @entity102 , where 20%-30% of infected individuals develop severe @entity13675 , with @entity712 and potentially fatal @entity943 . Currently, @entity1526 treatment is more effective in the acute phase, but does not always produce complete parasite eradication during indeterminate and chronic phases. At present, only @entity16580 or @entity5220 have been proven to be superior to new drugs being tested. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative approaches to treatment of chronic Chagas. The current treatment may be rendered more effective by increasing the activity of anti-Chagasic drugs or by modifying the host's immune response. We have previously shown that @entity2041 synthesis inhibition increases @entity16580 and @entity5220 activity. In addition, there is increasing evidence that cyclooxygenase inhibitors present an important effect on @entity1527 @entity281 . Therefore, we found that @entity117 reduced the intracellular @entity281 in RAW 264.7 cells and, decreased @entity2401 extension and mortality rates in @entity19 . However, the long-term benefit of prostaglandin inhibition for Chagasic @entity1 is still unknown.

title: XXXX : Present status of pathogenic mechanisms and chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5220 :: ('MESH:C009999', 'Chemical') :: ['benznidazole']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity16580 :: ('MESH:D009547', 'Chemical') :: ['nifurtimox']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']