abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity281 among @entity1 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in tertiary care hospitals in @entity233 . METHODS: Adult @entity1 who were admitted to the ICUs of five tertiary care hospitals for over 48 hours between June and December 2007 were monitored daily. Potential risk factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, diagnosis at admission, severity of disease (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores), exposure to antibiotics, history of invasive procedures and significant medical interventions were evaluated. A multivariate analysis of these risk factors was carried out using Cox regression. RESULTS: A total of 313 @entity1 with a median ICU stay of 12 days were selected for the study. 236 infectious episodes (33.8/1,000 ICU-days) were diagnosed among 134 @entity1 (42.8/100 @entity1 ) in this group. Multivariate analysis revealed that exposure to a cephalosporin antibiotic (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.55 [1.10-2.19]) was an independent risk factor, whereas having a tracheostomy cannula (0.53 [0.36-0.81]) or nasogastric tube (0.48 [0.33-0.70]) was protective. @entity1 admitted to the ICUs from surgical wards were significantly more exposed to cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: ICU-associated @entity281 , which are quite high in @entity233 , are largely due to inadequate infrastructure and facilities and understaffing. Abuse of antibiotics, particularly in @entity1 who have undergone surgery, and prolonged ICU stays are significant risk factors for such @entity281 .

title: Epidemiology and risk factors of intensive care unit-acquired XXXX : a prospective multicentre cohort study in a middle-income country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Species belonging to the Cupressaceae family are a relevant source of allergens that are present in a wide number of countries. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify, purify, and characterize recombinant allergens from Juniperus oxycedrus, a species belonging to the Cupressaceae family. METHODS: Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from mRNA and cloned into the lambda-ZAP expression vector. IgE screening of the library was performed with a pool of sera from subjects allergic to Cupressaceae. A recombinant 6xHis-tagged Juniperus oxycedrus allergen, @entity1178 o 2, was expressed in @entity526 and purified by @entity3411 affinity chromatography. It was studied further by immunoblotting inhibition with pollen extracts from other Cupressaceae, Oleaceae, Urticaceae, and Graminaceae. The role of protein-bound @entity460 on the allergen's IgE-binding capacity was tested in a plaque assay in the presence or absence of EGTA. RESULTS: A cDNA coding for a newly identified Juniperus oxycedrus pollen allergen, rJun o 2, was isolated. The deduced @entity535 sequence contained four typical @entity141 binding sites and showed a significant sequence similarity to calmodulins. Depletion of @entity141 in the plaque assay led to a loss of IgE-binding capacity of rJun o 2. Immunoblotting inhibition revealed that J. oxycedrus, J. ashei, Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens, Parietaria judaica, @entity4135 , and @entity5369 pollen extracts were able to inhibit IgE binding to blotted rJun o 2 at different concentrations. CONCLUSION: rJun o 2 contains IgE-binding epitopes shared by taxonomically unrelated species, and therefore it can be regarded as a new panallergen. These findings could contribute to an explanation for the phenomenon of multiple positive test results in polysensitized @entity1 and the potential symptom-eliciting role of allergenic sources previously not encountered.

title: Molecular characterization of a cross-reactive Juniperus oxycedrus pollen allergen, XXXX o 2: a novel @entity460 -binding allergen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['Olea europaea']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['Lolium perenne']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['Jun']


abstract: 1. Isolated @entity840 hearts were perfused under constant flow conditions with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Hearts were subjected to 15 min of @entity519 followed by reoxygenation in the presence and in the absence of 100 microns @entity5217 , an @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel blocker. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured at 5 min intervals. 2. Small decreases in heart rate and left ventricular pressure were observed during @entity5217 infusion with @entity519 , however LDH release, which was used as an index of cellular damage, was dramatically elevated. 3. Neither @entity5217 , nor the vehicle in which it was dissolved, appeared to produce @entity296 under normoxic conditions. 4. It is concluded that @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels are important in the protection of the myocardium during @entity519 in isolated @entity840 hearts perfused under constant flow conditions.

title: Influence of XXXX -sensitive @entity972 channel blocker on @entity519 -induced damage of isolated @entity840 heart.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to spray dry @entity5586 (PAS) and its @entity10123 and to investigate the impact of the pore-forming agent, @entity43061 (AC), on the morphological, aerodynamic and physicochemical properties of the resulting powders. METHODS: Microparticles were prepared by spray drying from @entity1068 /water solvent systems. Their solid-state properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and in-vitro deposition, using the twin impinger. KEY FINDINGS: The physicochemical properties of PAS were altered on spray drying with AC and a new solid state was produced. The solution composition impacted on the morphology of the resulting powders, which ranged from irregular crystal agglomerates to spherical crystal clusters and porous microparticles. The chemical composition, structure and morphology were dependent on process inlet temperature, low inlet temperatures resulting in a novel solid of stoichiometry; PAS : @entity3265 : water, 2 : 1 : 0.5. At higher temperatures pure PAS was obtained. In-vitro deposition studies showed an increase in emitted dose from spray dried drug, relative to the micronised PAS. CONCLUSIONS: Under appropriate process conditions AC interacts with the acidic PAS, resulting in the formation of a novel solid-state drug phase. Spray-dried PAS powders have potential for pulmonary delivery.

title: Preparation and characterisation of novel spray-dried nano-structured @entity5586 particulates for pulmonary delivery: impact of XXXX on morphology, chemical composition and solid state.

entities_list: @entity5586 :: ('MESH:D010131', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity10123 :: ('CHEBI:47704', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium salt']

entities_list: @entity43061 :: ('MESH:C040502', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium carbonate']

answer: @entity43061 :: (MESH:C040502,Chemical) :: ['ammonium carbonate']


abstract: Malignant transformation of a @entity808 ( @entity808 ) is an exceedingly rare event. We describe two cases with such change and review the reported purported examples. The @entity5 in our @entity1 involved a finger and pelvis. Sex, age, and clinical follow-up were available for only the second case, involving a 31-year-old @entity1 who died with recurrent and @entity3 . Seven acceptable cases were found in the literature. Analysis of the nine cases of @entity808 with malignant transformation showed no sex predilection, but revealed a @entity5 differing significantly from conventional malignant @entity1263 . The mean age (56 years) was two decades older, no @entity1 had @entity4786 , in four cases there was a years-long history of an antecedent mass, and in none of the cases was the malignant component an interlacing, fasciculated @entity5 . Rather, the malignant component was commonly purely epithelioid (seven of nine cases). In the two other cases, cells of the malignant component had neuroepithelial features. The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity808 undergoing malignant change is poor. Five of eight @entity1 with follow-up (62%) died of disease with either residual (one @entity1 ) or @entity3 (four @entity1 ).

title: @entity808 ( @entity808 ) with @entity5 rare, distinctive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'neurilemoma', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spindle-cell tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1263 :: (MESH:D010524,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few articles have been published about @entity101 and their surgical treatment. Since mid of the year 2000, it has been our policy to treat all @entity101 very early with mesh split-thickness skin grafts. The present series consists of 15 @entity1 whose @entity101 , including five bilateral cases, were treated with 20 mesh grafts from 2000 to 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All @entity1 , nine @entity1 and six @entity1 , had a long history of @entity101 . The same surgical procedure was applied to all 15 @entity1 : a complete mechanical debridement of all necrotic tissues, immediately followed by mesh skin grafting. RESULTS: @entity1 were discharged from the hospital after an average post-operative period of 16 days. Upon leaving the hospital, the @entity1 had lesions completely healed in 14 of 20 cases. The graft take had been complete after an average period of 14 days. In six cases, one or two very small patches of skin graft had necrosed and complete healing required an additional period of 1 to 3 months. In all 20 cases, @entity158 had disappeared within 1 week from surgery. DISCUSSION: All @entity1 were on opioid therapy before surgery. With medical treatment only, @entity101 used to heal after a mean period of 15 months. After surgery, the average healing period was 2 weeks and opioids were stopped within 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: The review of the present series shows that early mesh grafting of @entity101 is beneficial, because healing is very quick and the @entity158 will disappear quasi-instantly.

title: A retrospective review of 20 XXXX treated with mesh skin grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive leg ulcers', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive leg ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report anatomic and visual acuity outcomes, as well as complications, after using 1000-centistoke silicone oil as a retinal tamponade for the treatment of complex @entity1713 in a pediatric population. DESIGN: A prospective, observational, multicenter study. @entity1 : The study cohort consisted of 205 @entity1 16 years of age or younger (211 eyes) treated at community and university-based ophthalmology clinics for complex @entity1713 associated with @entity130 , proliferative @entity1715 (PVR), giant retinal tear (GRT), or @entity989 ( @entity989 ). INTERVENTION: Vitrectomy surgery for complex @entity1713 with 1000-centistoke silicone oil as the retinal tamponade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic outcomes include complete retinal attachment and macular attachment. Visual acuity outcomes include @entity227 (> or = 4/200) and preservation of preoperative visual acuity. Complications include rates of secondary intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (> or = 30 mmHg), @entity8814 (< or = 5 mmHg), corneal opacification (including @entity2372 , @entity3279 , and @entity2687 ), oil emulsification, and @entity231 . All outcome measures were assessed 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery and at last examination. RESULTS: At the 6-month examination, the retina was completely attached in 43 (57%) of 76 eyes in the @entity130 group, 24 (63%) of 38 PVR eyes, 23 (68%) of 34 GRT eyes, and 6 (33%) of 18 @entity2194 . The macula was attached in 60 (79%), 33 (87%), 26 (76%), and 8 (44%) eyes, respectively. Ambulatory vision was achieved in 19 (25%) eyes in the @entity130 group, 18 (47%) PVR eyes, 19 (56%) GRT eyes, and 4 (22%) @entity2194 . Visual acuity was preserved in 53 (70%), 26 (68%), 28 (82%), and 9 (50%) eyes, respectively. The corresponding rates of complications for traumatic, PVR, GRT, and @entity2194 were: elevated IOP-3 (4%) of 76, 1 (3%) of 38, 1 (3%) of 34, and 0 (0%) of 18; @entity8814 --9 (12%), 3 (8%), 2 (6%), and 2 (11%); corneal opacity--25 (33%), 8 (21%), 15 (44%), and 5 (28%); emulsification--4 (5%), 1 (3%), 3 (9%), and 1 (6%); and @entity231 in phakic eyes--1 (33%) of 3, 2 (67%) of 3, 2 (50%) of 4, and 1 (33%) of 3. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal reattachment and preserved visual acuity were achieved in the majority of eyes using vitrectomy and silicone oil retinal tamponade. Complete retinal and macular attachment was achieved less frequently in @entity2194 than in eyes in the other diagnostic groups. Use of 1000-centistoke silicone oil can be considered in the management of @entity1713 associated with multiple etiologies.

title: Silicone oil in the repair of XXXX : a prospective, observational, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory vision']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['band keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric complex retinal detachments', 'retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasions']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['pediatric complex retinal detachments']


abstract: Gene expression profiling of islets from pre- @entity6 male Zucker @entity6 fatty (ZDF) @entity35 showed increased expression of @entity519 -related genes, prompting investigation of the vascular integrity of the islets. The islet microvasculature was increased approximately twofold in young male ZDF @entity35 by both morphometric analysis and quantifying mRNA levels of endothelial markers. ZDF @entity35 at 12 weeks of age showed a significant reduction in the number of endothelial cells, which was prevented by pretreatment with @entity12098 . Light and electron microscopy of normoglycemic 7-week-old ZDF @entity35 showed thickened endothelial cells with loss of endothelial fenestrations. By 12 weeks of age, there was disruption of the endothelium and intra-islet @entity548 . Islets from 7- and 12-week-old ZDF @entity35 showed an approximate three- and twofold increase in @entity6667 ( @entity6667 )-A mRNA and @entity6667 protein secretion, respectively, compared with lean controls. @entity23056 mRNA increased in 7- and 12-week-old @entity35 by 2- and 10-fold, respectively, and was reduced by 50% in 12-week-old @entity35 pretreated with @entity12098 . Islets from young male control @entity35 induced migration of endothelial cells in a collagen matrix only after pretreatment with @entity6929 . Islets from 7-week-old ZDF @entity35 showed a fivefold increase in migration score compared with wild- @entity164 controls, even without @entity6929 treatment. Islets from 15-week-old ZDF @entity35 did not induce migration; rather, they caused a significant rounding up of the duct-derived cells, suggesting a toxic effect. These data suggest that in the ZDF @entity35 model of @entity164 2 @entity6 , an inability of the islet to maintain vascular integrity may contribute to beta-cell failure.

title: Islet microvasculature in islet hyperplasia and failure in a model of XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity6929 :: ('81687(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 (stage pT3pN0) underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy and were followed up thereafter for at least 15 years. No hormonal treatment was given prior to @entity5 progression. Overall and disease-free 15-year survival rates were observed to be 44 and 24%, respectively. These data suggest that a cure from @entity263 by radical prostatectomy can be expected in a quarter of @entity1 with capsular penetration. From our results, no justification can be derived to exclude radical prostatectomy from the spectrum of treatment options for @entity1 with capsular penetration of @entity263 . More detailed analysis of the results depending on the local extent of the @entity5 and histological grade revealed distinct differences with respect to the risk of progression. Histological grade was the single most predictive parameter of progression. Out of all subgroups of @entity1 with capsular penetration of @entity263 , those with a poorly differentiated @entity5 showed the shortest progression-free interval after surgery, the highest level of overall progression and the largest proportion of @entity5 -related @entity204 . By contrast, the prognosis was only slightly influenced by the presence or absence of seminal vesicle involvement. The role of adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy for @entity1 with stage pT3pN0 @entity263 or for subgroups of them remains to be determined within the scope of prospective randomized trials.

title: [Radical prostatectomy as primary monotherapy in capsule penetrating XXXX . 15 years outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: Cardiac effects of @entity8253 or their metabolites may include both the stimulation and inhibition of @entity141 release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this study, the ability of @entity5699 and its primary metabolite, @entity46324 , to stimulate and inhibit @entity141 release from @entity235 sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles was investigated. It was observed that both @entity5699 and @entity46324 were several fold more potent at inhibiting than they were at stimulating SR @entity141 release. Respective IC50 inhibition of @entity5699 and @entity46324 for @entity5834 -induced @entity460 release was 1.2 and 0.6 microM, and for spontaneous @entity141 release was 3 and 1 microM. EC50's for @entity5699 - and @entity46324 -induced @entity460 release were 30 and 15 microM, respectively. Inhibition of either spontaneous or @entity5834 -induced SR @entity141 release was inversely related to the amount of @entity141 loaded into the SR before exposure to @entity5699 or @entity46324 . The free-radical scavenger @entity3902 did not attenuate the ability of @entity8253 to inhibit SR @entity141 release. A nonquinone @entity5699 derivative, @entity46325 , was less potent than @entity5699 at inhibiting @entity5834 -induced @entity141 release. These data suggest @entity8253 and their metabolites may produce @entity1370 through free-radical independent, concentration-dependent effects on SR @entity141 release. These effects involve either inhibition or stimulation of SR @entity141 release and are partly dependent upon the presence of the @entity3276 moiety.

title: Sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 release is stimulated and inhibited by @entity5699 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity46325 :: ('MESH:C018979', 'Chemical') :: ['5-iminodaunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity46324 :: ('MESH:C000847', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicinol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity46324 :: (MESH:C000847,Chemical) :: ['daunorubicinol']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1150 or @entity1151 , initial treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is primarily aimed at preventing @entity715 extension. After this initial phase, the goal of treatment is to prevent recurrences, which can be fatal. Is it better to continue treatment of @entity1150 or @entity1151 with LMWH or switch to an oral anticoagulant? What is the optimal duration of treatment? To answer these questions, we conducted a review of the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology. In @entity5 @entity1 , two meta-analyses of trials in which treatment was not double blinded showed that severe @entity548 was slightly less frequent with LMWH than with a @entity2067 antagonist, but no data on mortality or the recurrence rate were provided. In @entity5 @entity1 , LMWH prevented more recurrences than @entity2067 antagonists; LMWH did not reduce overall mortality and did not increase the risk of serious @entity548 compared to @entity2067 antagonists. Treatment with LMWH requires daily injections and renal monitoring.Treatment with @entity1229 , the standard @entity2067 antagonist, requires regular INR monitoring. There is no evidence that @entity3925 or @entity3926 has a better harm-benefit balance than @entity1229 for long-term treatment. After a first episode of proximal @entity1150 or @entity1151 associated with an identified reversible trigger, several meta-analyses support a 3-month course of anticoagulation. Prolonged anticoagulant therapy is generally considered when there is no identified trigger or in case of a recurrence. Two double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trials failed to establish whether or not @entity117 -based antiplatelet therapy given after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy has a favourable harm-benefit balance. Various clinical practice guidelines published since 2006 recommend first-line treatment with a @entity2067 antagonist for at least 3 months in @entity1 without @entity5 , and continuation of LMWH therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . Overall, LMWH and @entity1229 have similar harm-benefit balances. In practice, it is best to choose between these drugs on a case-by-case basis, taking into account @entity1 preferences, monitoring constraints, difficulty controlling the INR, the risk of @entity548 and interactions, and the cost of treatment.

title: @entity1150 and @entity1151 . Part 2--Prevention of recurrences: XXXX or low-molecular-weight heparin for at least 3 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: @entity420 , including @entity788 , is a heterogeneous group of @entity5 with dismal prognosis, for which there is an urgent need to identify novel treatment strategies. The @entity1 epithelial growth factor receptors @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 have been studied in several @entity5 types, and HER-targeting drugs have a beneficial effect on survival in selected types of @entity5 . However, these effects have not been evident in @entity788 , and remain unexplored in other types of @entity5 . The prognostic impact of HER-expression in these @entity5 also remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the expression and prognostic value of @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 in @entity5 , with particular reference to histological subtype. To this end, protein expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 , and @entity1722 gene amplification was assessed by immunohistochemistry and @entity575 in situ hybridization, respectively, on tissue microarrays with @entity5 from 175 periampullary @entity420 , with follow-up data on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for up to 5 years. @entity470 expression was similar in @entity5 , but high @entity1722 and @entity7514 expression was significantly more common in @entity5 . In PB-type cases receiving adjuvant @entity136 , but not in untreated cases, high @entity470 expression was significantly associated with a @entity1349 and @entity1349 , with a significant treatment interaction in relation to @entity1349 (pinteraction = 0.042). In I-type cases, high @entity470 expression was associated with a @entity1349 and @entity1349 in univariable, but not in multivariable, analysis. High @entity7514 expression was associated with a prolonged @entity1349 in univariable, but not in multivariable, analysis. Neither @entity1722 protein expression nor gene amplification was prognostic. The finding of a potential interaction between the expression of @entity470 and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity5 needs validation, and merits further study.

title: Expression and Prognostic Significance of XXXX Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors 1, 2 and 3 in @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'pancreatobiliary (PB) and intestinal (I) type tumours', 'periampullary cancer', 'PB-type tumours', 'cancer', 'I-type tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'shorter OS', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Periampullary adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present a retrospective histopathological study of 345 liver biopsies over a 12-year period. The study sought to record the frequencies of the range of histopathological changes observed in liver biopsy specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the materials consisted of slides and paraffin embedded blocks of all liver biopsy specimens received from within and outside the hospital. The clinical data such as the age, sex, and clinical summary were extracted from the request forms. RESULTS: there were 222 males and 123 females; M: F=1.8:1; peak age incidence of 41-50 years. The three common histopathological diagnoses were @entity157 -33%, @entity3619 .7%, and @entity1575 -17.7%. Thirty per cent of @entity157 was post-cirrhotic. The peak age incidence of @entity3619 precedes that of @entity1575 and @entity157 by one decade. CONCLUSION: the common forms of @entity409 diagnosed histologically are @entity157 , @entity3619 and @entity1575 . The age and sex distribution are similar to those already established in the African literature.

title: Histopathological study of XXXX at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (1989-2000).

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis-17', 'chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To define the etiologic, clinical, histological, and surgical features of lumbar hemorrhagic @entity12897 (LHSCs). Three personal cases are reported together with a review of the pertinent literature. METHODS: We identified 3 cases of LHSC treated in our departments and 20 cases culled from the literature. RESULTS: A total of 23 cases of LHSC were selected. All the @entity1 underwent surgical treatment because of untreatable @entity51 . The amount of bleeding, either massive or minor but repeated, influenced the timing of surgery. In our cases, the histological examinations showed an inflammatory reaction within the cyst and the consequent formation of neoangiogenic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic synovial cyst of the spine is rare and its most common localization is lumbar. Bleeding within the cyst leads to an increase of its volume, accompanied by @entity16 that are violent and generally intractable. In this event, surgical excision is the treatment of choice and, in some cases, emergency surgery is necessary. @entity548 are probably caused by the rupture of @entity2100 .

title: Lumbar hemorrhagic XXXX : diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Report of 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits and/or painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain and/or neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile neoangiogenic vessels']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have established that many @entity5 occur in association with persistent @entity32 . One clear example of @entity32 -related @entity5 is @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity157 slowly unfolds on a background of chronic @entity32 triggered by exposure to infectious agents (hepatotropic viruses), toxic compounds ( @entity1068 ), or @entity209 . The molecular links that connect @entity32 and @entity5 are not completely known, but evidence gathered over the past few years is beginning to define the precise mechanisms. A central role for cytokines such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1192 and beta) in @entity96 has been established in experimental models. Besides these inflammatory mediators, mounting evidence points to the dysregulation of specific growth and survival-related pathways in @entity157 development. Among them is the pathway governed by the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), which can be bound and activated by a broad family of ligands. Of special relevance is the fact that the @entity470 engages in extensive crosstalk with other signaling pathways, serving as a "signaling hub" for an increasing list of growth factors, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidences supporting a role for the @entity470 system in @entity32 -related cell signaling, with special emphasis in @entity409 and @entity157 . The molecular dissection of the pathways connecting the inflammatory reaction and @entity5 will facilitate the development of novel and more effective antitumor strategies.

title: The @entity470 : a link between @entity32 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic impairment']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 ( @entity86 ) is associated with a high rate of multi-drug-resistant micro-organisms. The role of @entity796 in this condition has never been assessed. We evaluated the risk factors and prognosis for @entity86 caused by @entity796 . METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) after re-operation for @entity86 were identified prospectively. Analyses were performed retrospectively. Specific risk factors were investigated by comparing @entity796 @entity86 with @entity86 having other causes. The main outcome endpoint was @entity204 in the hospital. RESULTS: We found 55 @entity796 @entity86 among the 349 cases of @entity86 (16%) in the ICU over 14 years. Factors associated with the presence of @entity796 in peritoneal fluid culture were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (odds ratio [OR] 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.09; p=0.004) and @entity1576 (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.26-4.16; p=0.006). These criteria performed poorly in predicting @entity796 @entity86 . Such infections were associated with a higher hospital mortality rate, but not after adjustment for the severity score. Adequate antibiotic therapy comprising two antibiotics effective against @entity796 was associated with a lower mortality rate for @entity796 @entity86 in the ICU. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity796 @entity86 is not high. Risk factors do not allow accurate prediction of the @entity281 . Our data suggest two drugs effective against @entity796 should be considered for treating these infections.

title: XXXX post-operative peritonitis: clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['PP', 'Postoperative peritonitis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: Compartment syndrome of the extremity may occur after severe @entity130 secondary to @entity174 , @entity63 , crush, or electrical injury. Treatment consists of expedient fasciotomy to avoid permanent injury to muscles or nerves. Management of the wounds postoperatively has consisted traditionally of primary closure, healing by secondary intention, or split-thickness skin grafting to cover defects. The fasciotomy wound may remain substantial secondary to soft-tissue swelling and @entity4 . The authors present an alternative protocol for fasciotomy wound management, consisting of gradual closure with progressive tension using vessel loops. The vessel loops are placed intraoperatively during the compartment release and are attached to the wound margins using standard skin staples. The loops are tightened progressively postoperatively during routine dressing changes, resulting in closure of the wound within 2 weeks. The advantages over split-thickness grafting include avoidance of donor morbidity and better cosmesis. Sporadic case reports using similar techniques have been published in the orthopedic literature with comparable results. The current series includes 37 @entity1 , ages 9 to 48 years, who were treated for open fasciotomy. There were 11 upper extremity and 26 lower extremity wounds treated, all of which were closed within 3 weeks.

title: The vessel loop shoelace technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ischemia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['closure of fasciotomy wounds']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the data on acute adult @entity4968 over a six-year period at a university emergency department in @entity233 and identify the risk factors of mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this survey, data were collected from 2,229 adult @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of Cukurova Medical Faculty, Adana, from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2002. RESULTS: Of all emergency admissions during the six years, 1.6% were poisoned. Of the total @entity4968 cases, 725 (32.5%) were males and 1,504 were females. Mean age was 29.3 +/- 13.2 for males and 23.8 +/- 9.6 for females (p=0.001). A majority of the cases (76.4%) were attempted suicides. The attempted suicide ratio is higher for @entity1 (gender ratio: 2.4/1) and youths. Drugs were the most frequent cause of @entity4968 (59.0%) and pesticides were the second (26.4%). Psychoactive drugs were the most common agent (33.5%) among drugs, with their rate increasing each year. Eighty-seven @entity1 died (3.9%): @entity167 ( @entity1042 ) was the most frequent cause of @entity204 (20.6%), followed by mushrooms (11.5%), @entity1223 (10.3%) and pesticides (8.3%). More @entity1 than @entity1 died by @entity4968 (OR: 1.8 CI: 1.1-3.1). Gender, age, season, clinical status, initial emergency care and type of substance were significant risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: Poisoning by psychoactive drugs was increasing each year of the study, but many drugs are not a serious risk factor for mortality. However, organic @entity3151 is a serious risk factor for @entity4968 and mortality in this area. Providing satisfactory public and emergency staff assistance and education on the subject may reduce the mortality rate.

title: Frequency and mortality risk factors of acute adult XXXX in Adana, @entity233 , 1997-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ), modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity4181 (FA) improves response rate and overall survival compared with @entity1487 alone. However, the optimal dose of FA is still debated. We investigated reduced @entity1501 pools in various tissues from @entity1 with @entity14 without and after prior administration of FA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 186 specimens (normal colorectal mucosa, primary @entity14 , normal liver, and liver @entity3 ) from 86 consecutive @entity1 with @entity14 were obtained and investigated for levels of reduced folates. Before surgery, @entity1 did (n = 52) or did not (n = 34) receive FA as 15-minute i.v. infusion. FA-dose levels chosen were 20, 200, or 500 mg/m2. Tissue lysates were analyzed for reduced @entity1501 levels by means of the @entity4463 release assay. RESULTS: In normal mucosa, combined pools of @entity26028 and @entity26206 were significantly elevated at all FA dose levels compared with untreated controls. In @entity5 , only 200 and 500 mg/m2 FA resulted in a significant increase of reduced folates with highest values measured after 500 mg/m2 FA. In specimens from normal liver, @entity1501 levels did not increase after administration of FA. By contrast, in specimens from liver @entity3 , reduced @entity1501 levels were low without FA pretreatment compared with levels from normal liver samples. Infusion of 500 mg/m2 FA caused a significant increase of reduced @entity1501 levels in liver @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: From a pharmacologic point of view, high-dose FA should be recommended for optimal modulation of @entity1487 in @entity1 with mCRC.

title: Tissue levels of reduced folates in @entity1 with @entity14 after infusion of XXXX at various dose levels.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity26206 :: ('MESH:C013123', 'Chemical') :: ['5,10-methylenetetra-hydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity26028 :: ('MESH:C030371', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['tritium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency perforation (RF) of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), while an effective management strategy in @entity1 with an intact ventricular septum, has not been fully detailed in those presenting with a @entity1757 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transcatheter perforation of the @entity38887 pulmonary valve is an acceptable management strategy prior to surgical repair. RESULTS: Valve perforation was attempted in eight @entity1 seen between May 2000 and March 2006, five being @entity1 between 1 and 9 days of age. In five @entity1 , this was the first of two procedures, the second a planned surgical correction. The RF was successful in six @entity1 with one @entity1 requiring additional stenting of the RVOT. Of these @entity1 , three attained a biventricular repair within the next year without additional palliative surgical procedures. Of the remaining three @entity1 , one is awaiting surgical correction, one did not require further surgery, and one had this procedure as the only planned palliation. The two @entity1 in whom RF was not possible were referred for surgical augmentation of pulmonary blood flow. CONCLUSION: A treatment strategy that includes @entity338 as initial palliation to increase pulmonary blood flow may be effective. Additional experience to better define those @entity1 who would benefit from this treatment algorithm is required.

title: Radiofrequency perforation of the right ventricular outflow tract as a palliative strategy for pulmonary atresia with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve perforation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: Clinical charts of 44 neonates admitted to the National Institute of Pediatrics with the diagnosis of neonatal @entity116 from 1970 to 1990 were reviewed. All @entity1 had an epidemiologic and clinical findings compatible with neonatal @entity116 . Delivery had occurred at the homes of the @entity1 in 89% of the cases and in 11% at clinics. The incubation periods ranged from 2 to 10 days, with a mean of 6.2 days. Cole's periods varied from 1 to 144 hours, with a mean of 21 hours. @entity508 , @entity146 , refusal to feed, lack of sucking and trismus were present in all cases. Thirty-three @entity1 (70.4%) developed complications, the most frequent being @entity295 and @entity3127 . The most frequent noninfectious complication was @entity891 , followed by @entity177 and electrolytic imbalance. Overall mortality was 25%. It is noteworthy that in the most recent decade (1980 to 1990) mortality was 12.9%, considerably lower than that of the previous decade (1970 to 1980) which was 46.6% (P < 0.008). This decrease was probably a result of the greater availability of mechanical ventilation and the intensive care offered at neonatal services. Mortality was associated with the severity of the disease (P < 0.003) and with the presence of complications (P < 0.025).

title: Neonatal XXXX experience at the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['Spasticity']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3584 -preserved @entity291 pericardium (GBP) and lyophilized GBP (LGBP) have been used successfully in repairing several anatomical defects, but their effectiveness and safety as implants to vocal cords (VC) have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of GBP and LGBP as materials for medialization thyroplasty, as well as to assess the endoscopic, macroscopic and microscopic VC changes after medialization in an experimental @entity235 model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 12 healthy mongrel @entity235 , the right VC were medialized using pericardium and the left with @entity736 ( @entity736 ). Group 1 (n=6): GBP and Group 2 (n=6): LGBP. The surgical manoeuvrability of the implants was compared. The animals were evaluated clinically and endoscopically. Three months after surgery, the larynges were assessed macro- and microscopically. RESULTS: Both GBP and LGBP implants showed better surgical manoeuvrability (Kruskal-Wallis, P=.005). Endoscopic and macroscopic studies showed no evidence of @entity738 , absorption or extrusion of the implant. At the end of the study, greater thickness was observed in VC implanted with @entity736 . Microscopically, all the VC developed fibrous capsules surrounding the implants and similar chronic @entity32 reaction. The VC implanted with @entity736 presented @entity1712 (Kruskal-Wallis, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Both GBP and LGBP can be used as implants for VC medialization because they are biocompatible, have easy surgical manoeuvrability, do not suffer absorption, migration or extrusion and produce @entity32 reactions similar to those of @entity736 .

title: [ @entity3584 -preserved and lyophilized XXXX pericardium as materials for medialization of the vocal folds in an animal model].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Between January 1986 and October 1991 255 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated by local excision. In 239 @entity1 local excision was performed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery, 16 @entity5 were removed with the retractor developed by Parks. Operative mortality was 1% in 189 local removed @entity652 , complications were observed in two @entity1 (2.1%), local recurrences in seven @entity1 (3.7%). 66 @entity189 were treated by local excision (operative mortality 1%, complication rate 3%). In one of 28 local excised "low risk" @entity189 a recurrence was observed. Five of eleven local treated @entity1 with "high risk" @entity5 developed a recurrence. Endosonography was of utmost importance in preoperative staging of @entity5 . Between June 1987 and October 1991 204 @entity1 with @entity5 (92 sessile @entity652 , 30 @entity189 and 82 advanced @entity189 ) were examined preoperatively by endosonography. The diagnosis of an @entity652 or a T1- @entity189 was made with a sensitivity of 0.9, although no differentiation was possible between @entity2513 . Results of digital examination were comparable to endosonography, under condition that digital examination was complete. Insufficient information was obtained from the endosonographic detection of lymph-node metastatic spread.

title: [Local excision of XXXX . Indications, preoperative diagnosis, surgical technique and results].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'T1-carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas and T1-carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal tumors']


abstract: The present studies were aimed at determining if the use of a cell culture medium that supports proliferation of @entity1 mammary epithelial cells of the luminal lineage would allow routine isolation of @entity0 cells from primary and metastatic @entity5 specimens. Results obtained with mammary epithelial cells derived from reduction mammoplasty specimens and primary @entity0 indicated that growth of cells on type I collagen-coated dishes in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with insulin, @entity701 , epidermal growth factor, cholera toxin, and 5% fetal bovine serum resulted in the growth and serial passage of cells that stained positively for the luminal cell marker @entity4166 . By contrast, growth of mammary epithelial cells in a growth factor-supplemented serum-free medium resulted in the emergence of mammary epithelial cell colonies that were uniformly negative for @entity4166 . Filter isolation methods were used to isolate individual @entity4166 -positive colonies from primary cultures derived from @entity0 specimens. All of the luminal mammary epithelial cells isolated from @entity0 tissues expressed characteristics of normal cells. @entity4166 -positive colonies isolated from several different @entity5 all grew rapidly for 30 to 60 days in culture and then senesced. Cells were isolated from one @entity5 that was known to have undergone a loss of heterozygosity at a specific locus in the @entity876 gene. All colonies isolated from this specimen contained both @entity876 alleles, which was consistent with their origin from normal luminal cells. Cells were also isolated from one @entity5 in which the @entity1722 protein was drastically overexpressed in the neoplastic cells. Once again, @entity4166 -positive colonies isolated from this @entity5 did not overexpress the @entity1722 protein. Experiments were then performed with cells derived from pleural effusions and metastatic lymph nodes. Results obtained with these specimens indicated that the growth conditions that support the growth of normal luminal mammary epithelial cells do not support the growth of neoplastic cells. However, the omission of cholera toxin, epidermal growth factor, and type I collagen substratum resulted in the isolation of two long-term cell lines. Both cell lines have population doubling times of approximately 100 h, are @entity981 , and stain positively for @entity4166 . Thus, culture conditions that support the growth of normal luminal mammary epithelial cells do not, in general, support the growth of @entity0 cells.

title: Differential isolation of normal luminal mammary epithelial cells and XXXX cells from primary and metastatic sites using selective media.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Bilateral vocal fold @entity912 is a very serious complication of thyroid surgery, with resulting @entity1224 , @entity1173 , swallowing disturbance, and voice change. When treated with endoscopic total arytenoidectomy, @entity1224 may be relieved; however, there are concerns that voice may be seriously and irreversibly damaged and @entity1173 may become a permanent problem. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with bilateral vocal fold @entity912 underwent endoscopic total arytenoidectomy, medially based mucosal advancement flap, and vocal fold lateralization with endoscopic microsuture. Pre- and postoperative evaluations included Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30), aerodynamic and acoustic analysis, subjective comparison of pre- and postoperative voice by phoniatrician, speech intensity measurement, breathing ability evaluation, and functional outcome swallowing scale. RESULTS: All VHI-30 results, all aerodynamic analysis results, and all acoustic results (except F0) worsened significantly after surgery (P < .05). Subjective comparison of pre- and postoperative voice by phoniatrician revealed somewhat worse voice (94%). Mean speech intensity decreased from 65 dB to 60 dB postoperatively (P < .05). Postoperative breathing ability was significantly better (90%). The pre- and postoperative functional outcome swallowing scales were not significantly different (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic total arytenoidectomy is still a very successful static surgical option for bilateral vocal fold @entity912 . It is performed without a tracheotomy, but may be required in some @entity1 postoperatively. Laser is not a requirement for it, and it can easily be done with cold instruments. It attains comfortable airway with acceptable voice. Postoperatively, it does not increase @entity1173 significantly. It has good long-term results.

title: Endoscopic total arytenoidectomy for bilateral abductor vocal fold XXXX : a new flap technique and personal experience with 50 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: Renal biopsies and kidneys from 111 adult @entity1 with @entity8 were put into different morphological groups by pathologists unaware of clinical findings. 'Overload changes' (n = 11) were large glomeruli with @entity75 . Ten of these @entity1 had reduced renal mass. In the ' @entity8 ' (n = 10) there were changes at the tubular origin in otherwise normal glomeruli. All @entity1 in this group had the @entity1985 , completely responsive to @entity230 . ' @entity7622 with diffuse segmental changes at the glomerular tip', corresponding to 'early classical @entity628 ' (n = 18), differed from the @entity8 in that glomeruli were larger and hypercellular. Most @entity1 with this classification had the @entity1985 , several were given additional immunosuppression, and less than half had complete remission. 'Diffuse @entity1347 ', corresponding to 'late classical @entity628 ' (n = 16), presented usually with the @entity1985 , and most of these @entity1 had no response to immunosuppression. Unlike most other groups, in 'focal @entity1347 ' (n = 56) there were genuinely focal lesions, not in every glomerulus. Most @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity644 . Pathological study is able to classify segmental lesions that would often be grouped as ' @entity628 ' into types with different pathogenesis, clinical findings, appropriate treatment, response to treatment, and prognosis.

title: Different clinicopathological types of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular tip lesion', 'segmental sclerosing glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['multiple segmental lesions', 'segmental sclerosing lesions']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['Mesangial hypercellularity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['segmental sclerosing glomerular lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1289 inhibitors are routinely prescribed to @entity1 with @entity740 because of their known renoprotective effects. We evaluated the effect of short-term therapy with the @entity1289 inhibitor, @entity4688 , in early @entity3686 , defined as disease duration less than 10 years and a normal glomerular filtration rate. METHODS: 11 @entity1 with early @entity3686 were investigated. Two consecutive early morning urine specimens were collected at the start of the study for measurement of urinary @entity1011 , total protein, albumin, TGF-beta, and @entity3542 excretion. @entity1 were treated with @entity4688 , congruent with 0.2 mg/kg/day, once a day for 14 days. Two early morning urine specimens were collected on days 13 and 14 of @entity4688 treatment and two weeks later for measurement of urinary @entity1011 , total protein, albumin, TGF-beta, and @entity3542 excretion. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, urinary excretion of transforming growth factor-beta and @entity3542 , the major metabolite of @entity842 , was within normal limits in all @entity1 . Administration of @entity4688 for 2 weeks did not alter urinary albumin, transforming growth factor-beta, or @entity3542 excretion. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that early @entity3686 represents a disease involving @entity8 . At this stage of the illness, there is no evidence of @entity2178 -mediated @entity644 or increased production of transforming growth factor-beta and, therefore, routine treatment with an @entity1289 inhibitor may not be warranted.

title: @entity1289 inhibitor therapy in @entity1 with XXXX : effect on urinary albumin, TGF-beta, and @entity3542 excretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['exclusively intrinsic glomerular barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'Angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport syndrome']


abstract: Three diets were fed to 6 @entity1641 in a 3 x 6 Latin rectangle experiment to determine if dietary fibre could improve hydration status in response to @entity2700 with @entity1483 . @entity1483 was used to simulate @entity2700 from exercise-induced sweat loss. Diets contained similar dry matter (DM), energy, protein and electrolyte content, but differed in total dietary fibre (TDF) and/or soluble fibre (SDF). The 3 diets were: 1) HIGH-HIGH (high TDF, high @entity50083 ) HIGH-LOW (high @entity12046 , low SDF); and 3) LOW-LOW (low TDF, low SDF). In each 10 day period, water intake and faecal moisture content were assessed on Day 7. On Day 10, feed and water were withheld and @entity1641 were dehydrated with @entity1483 (1 mg/kg bwt, i.m.). Plasma volume (PV), plasma total protein (TP), packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and plasma electrolyte concentrations were determined before and after @entity1483 administration. Water consumption was greater (P < 0.05) when @entity1641 received diets high in TDF. Faecal moisture content was greatest (P < 0.01) when @entity1641 received the HIGH-HIGH diet. The decline in PV and the rise in plasma TP concentration following @entity1483 administration were similar for all diets. When @entity1641 received the HIGH-HIGH diet, they had a greater (P < 0.05) bodyweight before @entity2700 and lost more (P < 0.05) bodyweight in response to @entity1483 . A greater loss of bodyweight in response to @entity1483 without a proportional loss of PV when @entity1641 received the HIGH-HIGH diet suggests that a diet high in SDF may provide the @entity1641 with a source of dispensable water in the hind gut during @entity2700 .

title: The effect of dietary fibre on hydration status after @entity2700 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide', 'Frusemide']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['frusemide']


abstract: We report four @entity43 of the adult type containing small foci of hepatic cell differentiation. The @entity1 ranged in age from 35 to 54 years and had unilateral adnexal masses. The smallest @entity5 was 4.0 cm in diameter and the largest, 11.0 cm in diameter. Three @entity5 were solid and cystic, and one was cystic. Microscopic examination showed typical patterns of adult @entity722 , with the additional finding of scattered islands of large cells with abundant eosinophilic, slightly granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei containing single prominent nucleoli. Bile pigment was detected in canaliculi between some of the large cells in three @entity5 . The hepatic cells were positive immunohistochemically for cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) and epithelial membrane antigen in two cases and alpha-fetoprotein in one of two cases. Carcinoembryonic antigen was stained in a canalicular pattern in two cases. Staining for vimentin and alpha-inhibin was negative. Liver cells in @entity722 must be differentiated from Leydig cells, which are found very rarely in @entity722 , and luteinized stromal and granulosa cells, which are present more commonly in these @entity5 ; all three of the latter cell types are positive for alpha-inhibin.

title: Adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with foci of hepatic cell differentiation: a report of four cases and comparison with two cases of XXXX with Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors', 'granulosa cell tumor']

answer: @entity722 :: (MESH:D006106,Disease) :: ['granulosa cell tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity521 ( @entity521 ) almost ubiquitously express the ganglioside GD2. GD2 synthesis is dependent on the key enzyme GD2 synthase. Thus, GD2 synthase transcript may prove to be a potential molecular marker of NB. METHODS: Seventy-seven NB @entity5 tissues of all stages, 5 NB cell lines, and 26 normal bone marrows (BMs) and peripheral blood (PBL) samples, as well as 26 non-NB remission-BMs were analyzed for the expression of GD2 synthase by a highly sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chemiluminescence detection. One hundred fifty-two NB BMs were tested and comparisons were made among three independent detection techniques, namely GD2 synthase RT-PCR, immunofluorescence (IF), and @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ). RESULTS: GD2 synthase transcript was present in 5 of 5 cell lines and in 77 of 77 @entity5 tested. Among 116 marrows that were positive by at least 1 of the 3 methods, 78% were detectable by GD2 synthase, 68% by IF, and 46% by @entity15803 . Seventy-six percent of positive BMs that were obtained during treatment and follow-up had GD2 synthase expression, whereas only 29% were @entity15803 positive. Correlation between RT-PCR and IF was high (P = 0.001), and positivity by 3 out of 3 methods was strongly correlated with poor survival (P < 0.01). Of note, marrows tested at the time of chemotherapy were positive by at least 2 out of 3 methods and were associated with adverse outcome (P = 0.01). Serial samples (n = 28) in 5 @entity1 demonstrated close agreement between RT-PCR and @entity1 disease status. CONCLUSIONS: The current study found that molecular detection of GD2 synthase transcript in NB BMs may have potential value in detecting rare @entity5 cells.

title: GD2 synthase: a new molecular marker for detecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['HIST', 'histology']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroblastomas', 'NBs']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8770 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 , and a modification of the King's College Hospital criteria to incorporate arterial @entity880 measurements has recently been proposed. The aims of the present study were to further evaluate arterial @entity880 as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 and to analyze its relationship to known causes of @entity8770 such as @entity881 and @entity32 . DESIGN: Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 @entity99 from @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . @entity881 and inflammatory response were assessed by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and manifestation of the @entity32 ( @entity32 ), respectively. SETTING: A specialized liver intensive care unit at a tertiary liver center. @entity1 : One hundred and one consecutive @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 and grade 3-4 @entity99 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Arterial @entity880 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors both early after admission (9.8 +/- 6.5 mmol/L vs. 5.2 +/- 4.2 mmol/L, p = .00004) and at the time of onset of @entity99 (6.9 +/- 5.6 mmol/L vs. 3.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/L, p < .00001). At both time points, arterial @entity880 significantly correlated with SOFA score and the number of @entity32 components fulfilled. Applying the @entity880 modification of the King's College Hospital criteria increased their sensitivity but reduced their specificity to <50%. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed arterial @entity880 as a prognostic marker in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . Arterial @entity880 correlated with SOFA score and with the number of @entity32 components fulfilled. The @entity880 modification of the King's College Hospital criteria showed no obvious advantages over the existing selection criteria.

title: Prognostic implications of @entity8770 , @entity881 , and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in XXXX with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'SIRS', 'severe inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia', 'Hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple organ failure', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a clinical phase II study the combination of high dose @entity2592 and @entity2664 ( @entity3498 ) was applied to 24 @entity1 with refractory @entity981 ( @entity981 ). All @entity1 had received a standardized first line treatment and were considered refractory against conventional chemotherapy as defined by nonresponse to induction treatment (n = 8), nonresponse to an alternative salvage regimen at first relapse (n = 9), second and third relapses (n = 5) and relapse after bone marrow transplantation (n = 2). Therapy consisted of @entity2033 -araC 3 g/m2 q 12 hr days 1-4 and @entity2664 10 mg/m2/d days 2-5 or 2-6. Twelve of the 24 @entity1 (50%) achieved a complete remission (CR), one @entity1 had a partial remission, and five @entity1 were nonresponders. Five @entity1 died in @entity3894 due to @entity281 , one additional @entity1 succumbed to @entity2033 -araC related CNS @entity137 . Nonhematologic side effects consisted predominantly in infection, @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity33 and @entity294 . Recovery of blood counts occurred at a median of 28 days from the onset of treatment; the median time to CR was 33 days. Three of the 12 responders underwent subsequent bone marrow transplantations and one is alive disease free at 40+ months. The median remission duration for the remaining nine @entity1 is 3.5 months, with one case in ongoing CCR at 36+ months; the median survival time is 5 months. Considering the selection of a highly unfavorable group of @entity1 , these data demonstrate a significant antileukemic activity of @entity3498 in refractory @entity981 and support its application as consolidation treatment during first line @entity981 therapy.

title: Treatment of refractory @entity981 in adults with high dose @entity2592 and @entity2664 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity3498 :: (MESH:D015493,Disease) :: ['HAM']


abstract: The @entity209 is a constellation of metabolic risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) occurring in one individual. There are five cardiovascular risk factors that accompany the @entity209 : @entity2299 [elevated @entity755 (apo B), elevated @entity412 , small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ], elevated blood pressure, elevated @entity413 , a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. The likelihood of an individual developing @entity209 is enhance by underlying risk factors, notably, @entity28 , insulin resistance, lack of physical activity, advancing age, and hormonal factors (e.g., @entity3800 and @entity288 ). Besides being at higher risk for @entity65 , @entity1 with the @entity209 are at increased risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity1 with the @entity209 deserve management in the clinical setting to reduce the risk for both @entity65 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . The two major therapeutic strategies for treatment of affected @entity1 are modification of the underlying risk factors and separate drug treatment of the particular metabolic risk factors when appropriate. First-line therapy for underlying risk factors is therapeutic lifestyle changes, i.e., @entity353 in @entity28 @entity1 , increased physical activity, and anti-atherogenic diet. These changes will improve all of the metabolic risk factors. Whether use of drugs to reduce insulin resistance is effective, safe, and cost-effective before the onset of @entity6 awaits the results of more clinical research. Turning to individual risk components, for @entity2299 , drug therapies that promote lowering of apo B and raise HDL @entity165 will be needed for higher risk @entity1 . Treatment of categorical @entity101 with drugs has become standard practice. When @entity4854 reaches the diabetic level, @entity413 -lowering agents will become necessary when dietary control is no longer effective, and reduction of a prothrombotic state with low-dose @entity117 may be indicated in higher-risk @entity1 .

title: XXXX : therapeutic considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ASCVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The tetragonal paracrystalline surface protein array (A-layer) of the fish pathogenic bacterium @entity6464 is a virulence factor and bacteria which are unable to produce A-layer are attenuated in their ability to kill fish. Ten independent mutants of @entity6464 which were unable to produce A-layer were isolated by growth at 30 degrees C. These mutants displayed either reduced synthesis of the A-layer subunit, synthesis of a truncated subunit, or complete loss of the ability to produce the subunit protein. Restriction mapping and analysis by polymerase chain reaction showed that the mutations had resulted from insertion of two different @entity6740 ( @entity6740 ) elements into different sites in the A-layer subunit gene (vapA) and its promoter. Sequence comparisons indicated that ISAS1 is unique among reported @entity6740 elements. It is 1223 bp long with imperfect terminal inverted repeats of 22 bp and insertion resulted in a duplicated 8 bp target sequence in vapA. ISAS1 expressed a 42,000 molecular weight (M(r)) protein in mini-cells. ISAS2 was 1084 bp long, expressed proteins of M(r) 38,000 and 39,000 in vitro, had imperfect 29 bp terminal inverted repeats and had duplicated a 3 bp target sequence. Sequence comparisons indicated that ISAS2 was also unique to A. salmonicida; however, the proteins encoded by ISAS2 showed strong homology to the putative transposases encoded by the IS30 family of @entity6740 elements. Southern analyses showed that both ISAS1 and ISAS2 were restricted to A. salmonicida strains A449 and A450 where they were present in low copy number. The ability of these two @entity6740 elements to mutate the ability of A. salmonicida to produce its paracrystalline surface array provides a novel method for the attenuation of virulence.

title: Mutagenesis of the paracrystalline surface protein array of XXXX by endogenous insertion elements.

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

entities_list: @entity6740 :: ('MESH:C538388', 'Disease') :: ['insertion sequence', 'IS']

answer: @entity6464 :: (645,Species) :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinicopathological study of eleven cases of @entity6887 to understanding possible risk factors for therapeutic failure. DESIGN: The study group consisted of 11 cases of primary @entity6887 treated in our Department over 25-year period. Clinical and pathologic data were obtained from the hospital records review. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 57.22 years. @entity2371 was the predominant symptom (81.8%). Three of 11 @entity1 had the classic syndrome of "hydrops tubae profluens". On the physical examination the pelvic mass was the most frequent finding (72.7%). Five of the 11 @entity1 had never been pregnant and five had had a single pregnancy. In all @entity1 the diagnosis was established at the time of laparotomy. The @entity5 was unilateral in 72.7% of the cases with equal frequency in the left or the right tube. The tube was significantly dilated in nine @entity1 , in two other the @entity5 was smaller then 10 mm. Histologically the vast majority of the @entity5 was @entity4937 , and only in one case clarocellulare @entity420 was found. The histologic grade was in 63.6% poorly- and in 36.4% moderate differentiated. In 6 @entity1 we found evidence of @entity9414 . All of the @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant therapy: irradiation and or chemotherapy. The mean interval from diagnosis to @entity204 was 44.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies are needed to improve the understanding of possible risk factors for diagnostic additionally therapeutic failure and the optimal treatment for each stage of the disease should be defined.

title: [Primary XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 11 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity6887 :: (MESH:D005185,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the fallopian tube']


abstract: In the @entity840 colon, chronic sympathetic denervation entails supersensitivity to inhibitory mu-opioid agents modulating cholinergic neurons. The mechanism underlying such adaptive change has not yet been unravelled, although @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) may be involved. A previous study indirectly demonstrated that activation of mu-opioid receptors on myenteric neurons facilitates @entity7131 activity. Such coupling may counteract the inhibitory action of mu-opioid agents on @entity934 overflow, since @entity7131 , per se, increases this parameter. After chronic sympathetic denervation such restraint abates, representing a possible mechanism for development of supersensitivity to mu-opioid agents. In the present study, this hypothesis was further investigated. After chronic sympathetic denervation, @entity141 -dependent @entity7131 activity was reduced in colonic myenteric plexus synaptosomes. The mu-opioid agent, @entity7862 , increased @entity141 -dependent @entity7131 activity in synaptosomes obtained from normal, but not from denervated animals. In myenteric synaptosomes obtained from this experimental group, protein levels of @entity141 -dependent @entity7131 isoforms betaI, betaII and gamma decreased, whereas alpha levels increased. In whole-mount preparations, the four @entity141 -dependent @entity7131 isoforms co-localized with mu-opioid receptors on subpopulations of colonic myenteric neurons. The percentage of neurons staining for PKCbetaII, as well as the number of @entity48915 -positive neurons staining for PKCbetaII, decreased in denervated preparations. The same parameters related to PKCalpha, betaI or gamma remained unchanged. Overall, the present data strengthen the concept that mu-opioid receptors located on myenteric neurons are coupled to @entity141 -dependent PKCs. After chronic sympathetic denervation, a reduced efficiency of this coupling may predominantly involve PKCbetaII, although also PKCbetaI and gamma, but not PKCalpha, may be implicated.

title: Involvement of XXXX -dependent PKCs in the adaptive changes of mu-opioid pathways to sympathetic denervation in the @entity840 colon.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet activation and @entity715 renewal are keys to intraluminal @entity715 formation and progression of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). This study explored the ability of @entity3077 , a P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, to inhibit platelet activation and prevent @entity439 development in a @entity35 experimental model of @entity1028 . METHOD: @entity449 were induced by implanting a segment of @entity3208 -decellularized @entity840 aorta in @entity35 aortas. One day later, @entity35 were randomized to @entity3077 (10 mg/kg twice daily by mouth) or diluent (n = 23 per group) for either 10 (n = 18) or 42 days (n = 28). @entity857 ( @entity857 )-mediated @entity1423 , @entity439 expansion, intraluminal @entity715 formation, inflammatory infiltration, @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) expression, and smooth muscle cell colonization were measured. RESULTS: @entity3077 inhibited @entity857 -induced @entity1423 in vivo for 12 hours, justifying twice-daily administration in @entity35 . The spontaneous increase in aortic diameter shown in the aneurysmal model (2.22 +/- 0.56 mm at day 10 vs 5.21 +/- 1.22 mm at day 42) was reduced with @entity3077 (3.61 +/- 1.46 mm at day 42, P < .01). This beneficial effect was associated with a significant reduction of @entity715 development, platelet CD41 expression (P < .05), and leukocyte infiltration of the @entity715 at days 10 and 42 (P < .01). @entity6929 expression correlated with @entity715 area and was significantly reduced by @entity3077 (P < .05). @entity3077 limited elastic fiber degradation (P < .05) and enhanced progressive colonization of the @entity715 by smooth muscle cells at day 42 (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that inhibition of platelet activation limits intraluminal @entity715 biologic activities, thereby impairing @entity439 development.

title: Effect of blocking platelet activation with XXXX on development of @entity1028 in a @entity35 aneurysmal model.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mural thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'Adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity3077 :: (MESH:C503700,Chemical) :: ['AZD6140']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1028 are more likely to have a higher prevalence of risk factors for and clinical manifestations of @entity65 . It is unknown whether these factors explain the high mortality rate associated with @entity1028 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the risk for mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and @entity65 in @entity1 screened for @entity1028 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Four communities in the United States. @entity1 : 4734 @entity1 and @entity1 older than 65 years of age recruited from Medicare eligibility lists. MEASUREMENTS: Abdominal ultrasonography was used to measure the aortic diameter and the ratio of infrarenal to suprarenal measurement of aortic diameter in 1992-1993. @entity1028 was defined as aortic diameter of 3 cm or greater or infrarenal-to-suprarenal ratio of 1.2 or greater. Mortality, @entity65 mortality, incident @entity65 , and repair or @entity397 were assessed after 4.5 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity439 was 8.8%, and 87.7% of @entity439 were 3.5 cm or less in diameter. Rates of total mortality (65.1 vs. 32.8 per 1000 @entity1 -years), cardiovascular mortality (34.3 vs. 13.8 per 1000 @entity1 -years), and incident @entity65 (47.3 vs. 31.0 per 1000 @entity1 -years) were higher in @entity1 with @entity439 than in those without @entity439 ; after adjustment for age, risk factors, and presence of other @entity65 , the respective relative risks were 1.32, 1.36, and 1.57. Rates of repair and @entity397 were low. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of total mortality, @entity65 mortality, and incident @entity65 were higher in @entity1 with @entity1028 than in those without @entity439 , independent of age, sex, other clinical @entity65 , and extent of @entity731 detected by noninvasive testing. @entity1 with smaller @entity439 detected by ultrasonography should be advised to modify risk factors for @entity65 while under surveillance for increase in the size of the @entity439 .

title: XXXX and mortality in older adults with small @entity1028 detected by ultrasonography: the cardiovascular health study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) have increasingly been used to replace autologous bone marrow to allow faster hematopoietic reconstitution after myeloablative therapy in various @entity5 . There is a paucity of data concerning factors that affect the total yield of three tandem leukaphereses. METHODS: Factors affecting the yield of PBPCs were analyzed in a series of 121 consecutive @entity1 including 36 with @entity1893 , two with @entity978 , four with @entity1582 , 44 with @entity3052 , 20 with @entity0 . PBPCs were mobilized using @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) alone (group I, n = 15), or after conventional-dose (group II, n = 70) or high-dose (group III, n = 36) chemotherapy followed by @entity1261 . The total yield of three tandem PBPC collections for each @entity1 was assessed by the number of mononuclear cells (MNCs), @entity2280 + cells and colony-forming units of granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM). The factors evaluated included age, sex, diagnosis, history of marrow involvement, previous radiotherapy, the number of prior chemotherapy cycles and mobilization method. The two -sample t-test and logistic regression analysis were performed for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. RESULTS: With univariate analysis, a diagnosis of @entity3052 , positive history of bone marrow involvement, more chemotherapy cycles and mobilization with high-dose chemotherapy adversely affected the yields of @entity2280 + cells. By multivariate analysis, Group II had higher yields of MNCs (p = 0.039), CFU-GM (p = 0.002) and @entity2280 + cells (p = 0.011) than Group III. Fewer cycles of prior chemotherapy is the common favorable factor for the yields of both @entity2280 + cells (p = 0.016) and CFU-GM (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The number of prior chemotherapy cycles adversely affects progenitor cell yield. Conventional-dose chemotherapy followed by @entity1261 seems to be the mobilization methods of choice for heavily pretreated @entity5 @entity1 with limited bone marrow reserve. PBPCs should be harvested early, when the @entity5 burden is less, to avoid cumulative marrow @entity137 from chemotherapy.

title: Factors affecting progenitor cell yields using three tandem leukaphereses in previously treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer and 15 with other solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: MicroRNA-449a is expressed at a low level in several @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines, and induces @entity1167 , apoptosis, and senescence. To identify the function of @entity33670 in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), we discussed the potential relevance of @entity33670 to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in @entity1149 . We also investigated the impact of @entity33670 on migration and invasion in @entity1149 cells. The expression of @entity33670 in @entity1149 tissues and cell lines was detected using RT-qPCR. In vitro, gain-of-function, loss-of-function experiments, and fluorescence assays were performed to identify the potential target of @entity33670 and the function of @entity33670 in @entity1149 cells. @entity33670 was downregulated in both @entity1149 tissues and cell lines. Moreover, a low expression level of @entity33670 appeared to be correlated with @entity1600 and poor survival. In vitro, miR-449 regulated cell migration and invasion in @entity1149 cells as a potential @entity5 suppressor, at least in part by targeting @entity1916 . Furthermore, reciprocal expression of @entity33670 and @entity1916 was shown in @entity1149 tissue samples. This study indicates that @entity33670 might be associated with @entity1149 progression, and suggests a crucial role for @entity33670 in @entity1149 .

title: MicroRNA-449a is downregulated in XXXX and inhibits migration and invasion by targeting @entity1916 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low-dose intraarterial @entity3479 ) is effective in peripheral thrombolysis but treatment time is prolonged. The aim of this study was to determine whether a transthrombus bolus of @entity1456 before low-dose infusion shortens lysis time. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with peripheral arterial or bypass graft occlusion were treated with an initial bolus of 20 mg @entity1456 followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/hr. RESULTS: Angiographic lysis was achieved in 16 @entity1 (70%) with a mean time to complete lysis of 14.4 +/- 7.9 hours. Two @entity1 had reocclusion on days 1 and 3, respectively. There were three deaths within the first week of treatment, one from @entity1779 and two from @entity583 . A clinically successful outcome was achieved in 11 @entity1 (48%). Those @entity1 with patency at 1 week maintained this response at a mean follow-up of 11.7 +/- 9.1 months. Thrombolysis was unsuccessful in seven instances. In three of these cases the infusion had to be discontinued prematurely because of serious @entity548 . Of the seven unsuccessful cases, three @entity1 subsequently underwent a femorodistal bypass, two were left with tolerable ischemic symptoms, and two required a major amputation. There were eight major @entity548 complications (35%), four at or adjacent to the catheter entry site and four at a distance, including two cases of @entity1779 , one of which was fatal. CONCLUSIONS: Transthrombus bolus delivery of @entity1456 followed by a low-dose infusion shortens lysis time, but this technique appears to be associated with an increased risk of serious @entity548 .

title: Thrombolysis with XXXX : results with a high-dose transthrombus technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['t-PA', 'tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue-plasminogen activator']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of endovascular embolization of @entity438 with detachable coil and detachable balloon and emphasize the mainpoint of embolic technique. METHODS: 194 @entity1 underwent complete cerebral angiography using microcatheter under DSA imaging. 80 cases with 90 @entity439 were @entity887 by @entity4289 , 69 cases with 71 @entity439 were @entity887 by GDC. 37 of 40 @entity439 were @entity887 by detachable balloon, 2 @entity439 by GDC, 1 by @entity4289 . RESULTS: 194 @entity1 with 201 @entity439 were cured successfully; 191 cases recovered clinically, 3 @entity1 died. 187 @entity439 achieved 100% embolization, 8 with 95% embolization, 4 with 90% embolization, and 1 with 80% embolization. Four @entity439 reputured during the embolization, 4 @entity1 had @entity385 , one @entity1 died by hard-treated @entity2553 which was affected by microcoil escape. Two recurrent cases were cured by second GDC embolization. CONCLUSIONS: The method of endovascular embolization to treat @entity438 is safe, reliable and effective. Those cases with @entity439 will have high recurrence in the future. @entity1 who suffer from SAH repeatedly may have great possibility of @entity1756 during embolization.

title: [Endovascular embolization treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['emboliced']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Frigate mackerel ( @entity50242 ) and catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) can be used as alternative sources for surimi production. However, the functionality of surimi is species-dependent. This study aimed to characterise certain chemical and physical compositions of dark and ordinary muscles from these species. Catfish, particularly ordinary muscle, was composed of higher contents of lipid and carotenoid than Frigate mackerel muscle (p<0.05) but ordinary muscle from Frigate mackerel had the highest phospholipid content (p<0.05). Both dark and ordinary muscles of Frigate mackerel had greater contents of myofibrillar proteins than had catfish muscle (p<0.05). Myosin heavy chain and actin were predominant proteins found in both muscle types of both species. Dark muscle from Frigate mackerel had the highest sarcoplasmic protein content, especially extractable myoglobin (p<0.05). Muscles from Frigate mackerel had greater content of @entity2827 than had catfish (p<0.05). The highest contents of @entity68 , @entity920 and @entity4259 were found in Frigate mackerel dark muscle (p<0.05). The pH of ordinary muscle from both species was higher than that of dark muscle (p<0.05). Frigate mackerel, especilly dark muscle, exhibited the most dark-red colour, as shown by the lowest L(*) and b(*) values with the highest a(*) value and redness index (a(*)/b(*)) (p<0.05).

title: Characterisation of muscles from Frigate mackerel ( XXXX ) and catfish (Clarias macrocephalus).

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity50242 :: (13353,Species) :: ['Auxis thazard']