abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose @entity674 ( @entity674 ) that lack KIT or @entity675 mutations represent a unique subtype of @entity677 that predominantly affects @entity1 . We sought to determine the effect on event-free survival (EFS) of staging variables, extent of resection, and repeat resection of @entity5 . Methods In 2008, a @entity922 was established at the National @entity5 Institute, allowing the development of a large clinical database. We included @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity677 . Associations with EFS (ie, freedom from disease progression or recurrence) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Among 76 @entity1 with @entity674 , the median follow-up was 4.1 years. Overall EFS (   SE) was 72.6    5.4% at 1 year, 57.6    6.2% at 2 years, 23.7    6.0% at 5 years, and 16.3    5.5% at 10 years postoperatively. Hazard of disease progression or recurrence was significantly increased for @entity1 with @entity3 (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.1; P = .04) and > 5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (AHR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.0; P = .03), whereas there was no significant effect of negative microscopic resection margins (AHR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.2; P = 0.86). There was no association between type of gastric resection (ie, anatomic v partial/wedge) and EFS ( P = .67). Repeated resection after the initial resection was significantly associated with decreasing postoperative EFS ( P < .01). Five @entity1 (6%) died after initial enrollment in 2008. Conclusion @entity677 is an indolent disease, and most @entity1 survive with disease progression. We found no improvement in EFS with more extensive or serial resections. Disease progression or recurrence may be more closely related to @entity5 biology than surgical management. These data suggest that resections for @entity674 be restricted to the initial procedure and that subsequent resections be performed only to address symptoms such as obstruction or @entity548 .

title: Surgical Management of Wild-Type XXXX : A Report From the National Institutes of Health Pediatric and Wildtype @entity677 Clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['WT-GISTs', 'Wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['WT-GIST clinic']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors']


abstract: @entity2741 and @entity491 may occur in conjunction as @entity8231 associated with @entity5 . Here we describe a @entity1 @entity957 of the maxilla that was associated with @entity2741 and @entity3085 . The @entity5 was surgically removed and established in permanent cell culture. When either @entity5 or cultured @entity5 cells were inoculated into @entity19 , the @entity19 developed the same @entity8231 as those which occurred in the @entity1 from whom the @entity5 was originally derived. The plasma @entity460 was increased two and one-half-fold and the WBC count 30-fold, and the body weight was decreased by 45% in @entity5 -bearing animals. Each of these @entity8231 was alleviated by surgical excision of the @entity5 , indicating that the @entity8231 were due to a factor or factors produced by the @entity5 . The development of each of these @entity8231 in @entity19 correlated positively with the other two syndromes. We examined the organs of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 and found striking histopathologic abnormalities in the bones, spleen, and liver, but no infiltration with @entity5 cells. The bones showed marked evidence of osteoclastic bone resorption. This model of a @entity1 @entity5 associated with the @entity2741 - @entity491 @entity8231 , together with @entity3085 , should make it possible to determine the mechanisms responsible for these @entity8231 and their relationship to each other.

title: Occurrence of XXXX and @entity491 with @entity3085 in a @entity1 @entity957 of the maxilla in athymic @entity19 : a novel experimental model of three concomitant @entity8231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant disease', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['cachexia', 'leukocytosis, and also cachexia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome', 'paraneoplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: AIMS: The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with divided schedule of @entity900 and @entity1206 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated, unresectable, and stage IIIA or IIIB @entity1149 were eligible if they had a performance status of 0 or 1, were 75 years or younger, and had adequate organ function. Twenty-six @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; median age, 66 years; age range, 42-75 years) were enrolled. Both @entity900 (40 mg/m(2)) and @entity1206 (20 mg/m(2)) were given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Beginning on day 2 of chemotherapy, thoracic radiotherapy was given for approximately 6 weeks (2 Gy per fraction; total dose, 60 Gy). RESULTS: Five of the 26 @entity1 achieved a complete response, and 16 achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 80.8% (95% confidence interval, 60.6-93.4%). The median survival time was 23 months (range, 4-43 months). Overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 80 and 56%, respectively. Hematologic toxicities included grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 84.6% of @entity1 , grade 3-4 @entity882 in 3.8%, and grade 3-4 @entity417 in 61.5%. Two @entity1 (7.7%) had grade 3 radiation @entity2910 that resolved completely without @entity384 . Grade 3-4 radiation @entity55 occurred in two @entity1 (7.7%) and was treated with @entity288 . Both @entity1 had a good partial resolution of symptoms and @entity854 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The actual delivered dose intensities for both @entity900 and @entity1206 were 79.5%. Radiotherapy was completed in 96% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1206 administered on a divided schedule is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 .

title: The combination of @entity900 and XXXX with concurrent thoracic radiation therapy for locally advanced stage IIIA or IIIB @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilation']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of fluoroscopically guided subacromial bursography in the management of rotator cuff impingement and to correlate clinical outcome with preprocedural MRI findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with clinically and MRI proven subacromial impingement referred for fluoroscopic subacromial bursography and @entity134 injection between January 2004 and January 2006 were included in the study. After contrast-enhanced bursography, each @entity1 received an injection of 80 mg of @entity1667 and 1-2 mL of 0.25% @entity1341 into the bursa. Outcome was determined retrospectively and classified as complete resolution of symptoms, partial resolution of symptoms, or no change. MRI findings of impingement were graded according to severity. Outcome was evaluated as complete resolution and as complete or partial resolution in relation to MRI findings, duration of symptoms, age, and sex. RESULTS: Complete resolution of symptoms was recorded in 40 (58%) of the @entity1 . Fifty-seven (83%) of the @entity1 reported some relief of symptoms after a mean follow-up period of 6 months. Shorter duration of symptoms and minor-grade MRI findings were associated with complete resolution. Younger age and minor-grade MRI findings were associated with complete or partial resolution. CONCLUSION: Imaging-guided subacromial @entity134 injection may be of benefit in the short-term management of clinically and MRI-proven subacromial impingement, with 83% of 69 @entity1 reporting symptom relief at 6-month follow-up evaluation. @entity1 with shorter duration of symptoms and minor-grade MRI findings have improved outcome.

title: Rotator cuff impingement: correlation between findings on MRI and outcome after fluoroscopically guided subacromial bursography and XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: We report the results of a longitudinal study involving MRI and clinical follow-up in nine siblings from four families with @entity29730 ( @entity29730 ). All individuals carried pathogenic @entity29729 gene ( @entity29729 ) mutations with six of them suffering from symptomatic disease and three being presymptomatic. In presymptomatic subjects, MRI was sensitive to detect alterations in muscle tissue years before disease onset. The first MRI alteration to disclose was evidence for myoedema in dorsal compartment muscles of the legs followed by @entity528 . Moreover, MRI changes anticipated the topography of subsequent clinical muscle involvement and progressed from distal to proximal dorsal leg muscles. In symptomatic subjects, MRI changes reflected the pattern and severity of clinical muscle involvement. MRI evidence, however, suggests that muscle involvement is much more prominent in @entity66 stages than clinically seen. Clinical follow-up up to 8 years made evident that @entity29730 onset occurs at a mean age of 18.4 years. The most prominent @entity51 was impaired tiptoe gait due to @entity121 followed by @entity73 . Dorsal compartments were predominantly affected not only in distal but also in proximal leg muscles, and a more rapid progression was noticed during the early phase of the disease. Our data suggest that MRI is a helpful diagnostic tool for an early diagnosis of @entity29730 and other @entity121 since it provides sensitive and topographic information about initial and even preclinical muscle involvement. This is of particular relevance in @entity29730 because distinct CK elevation is present long before its clinical onset and often misdiagnosed as "idiopathic".

title: Long-term MRI and clinical follow-up of symptomatic and presymptomatic carriers of XXXX gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dorsiflexor function']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['initial deficit']

entities_list: @entity29730 :: ('MESH:C537480', 'Disease') :: ['Miyoshi myopathy', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['distal myopathies', 'muscle plantarflexor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity29729 :: (8291,Gene) :: ['dysferlin']


abstract: Heterotromeric G-proteins of the @entity14205 family are thought to transduce signals from group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) in central neurons. We investigated roles of this cascade in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) by using null-mutant @entity19 lacking the @entity14205 or @entity62271 ( @entity62271 ). We found no obvious abnormalities in the morphology, layer structure, expression of @entity143 receptors, and basic parameters of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of @entity14205 mutant @entity19 . We used @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) (3-10 burst trains at 5 Hz; each train consisted of five stimuli at 100 Hz) to induce LTP at Schaffer collateral to @entity4778 pyramidal cell synapses. Conventional @entity9808 with 10 burst trains induced robust LTP in wild-type, @entity14205 mutant, and @entity62271 mutant @entity19 . Weak @entity9808 with three burst trains consistently induced LTP in wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, the same weak @entity9808 was insufficient to induce LTP in @entity14205 and @entity62271 mutant @entity19 . In wild-type @entity19 , the LTP by weak @entity9808 was abolished by inhibiting group I mGluR or @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) but not by blocking muscarinic @entity934 receptors. Prior activation of group I mGluR by an agonist significantly enhanced the LTP by weak @entity9808 in wild-type @entity19 . However, this priming effect was absent in @entity14205 mutant @entity19 . These results indicate that the signaling from group I mGluR to @entity7131 involving @entity14205 / @entity62271 does not constitute the main pathway for LTP, but it secures LTP induction by lowering its threshold in the hippocampal area @entity4778 .

title: Group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptor signaling via Galpha q/Galpha 11 secures the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampal area XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity14205 :: ('14682(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Galphaq', 'alpha subunit of Gq (Galphaq)', 'Gq']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['theta burst stimulation', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4778 :: (12346(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate influence of bone mineral density (BMD) on the surgical correction of @entity179 ( @entity179 ). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: No studies so far have reported the influence of BMD on the surgical correction of @entity179 . METHODS: Forty @entity179 @entity1 with more than 2 years follow-up were studied. Pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt, sacral slope, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ), and thoracic @entity1513 were measured preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and at final follow-up. Adverse outcomes: proximal adjacent @entity174 , @entity712 , @entity1516 , and cage subsidence were documented. RESULTS: There were 37 females and 3 males. Average age was 65.1  4.5 years and mean follow-up was 34.2  16.7 months. 42.5% were Takemitsu type 3 curves, 27.5% type 2, 20.0% type 4 and 10.0% type 1. 37.5% had @entity2331 , 40.0% @entity170 and 22.5% had severe @entity170 . SVA improved from 237.0  96.7 mm preoperatively to 45.3  41.8 mm postoperatively (p=0.000). @entity1515 improved from 10.5    14.7   to -40.6    10.9   postoperatively (p=0.000). At final follow-up SVA deteriorated to 89.8  72.2 mm and @entity1515 to 34.7    15.8   (p=0.000). The association between late @entity712 , @entity1516 , or proximal adjacent @entity174 and @entity170 was insignificant. The difference between immediate postoperative @entity1515 and PI (PIDiff) had a significant association with @entity712 and @entity1516 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity170 did not influence the degree of correction, late @entity712 , proximal adjacent @entity174 , and @entity1516 in @entity179 . PIDiff had a significant association with @entity712 and @entity1516 .

title: Surgical correction in @entity1 with XXXX who had low bone mineral density: an analysis of 40 @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of two years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative kyphosis', 'LDK']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['lumbar degenerative kyphosis']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to evaluated prognostic factors of @entity1 with @entity21864 -NETs after @entity5 resection comparing pancreatic and gastro-enteric locations. METHODS: @entity1 undergone surgery for primary @entity21864 -NETs between 01/2000 and 03/2012 were considered. All specimens were reclassified according to the WHO 2010 scheme. RESULTS: A total of 83 @entity1 were considered: 37 pancreatic NETs (pNET) and 46 gastroenteric NETs (GE-NET). The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex and @entity5 size. A higher rate of @entity1 with pNETs had Ki67 score >= 3 (64.8% vs. 39%, p  =  0.027) while the rates of Mitotic Index >= 2x10HPF (62% pNET vs. 50% GE-NET, p  =  0.374) and diagnosis of @entity3270 NEC (16.2% pNET vs. 17.3% GE-NET, p  =  0.100) were similar. The rates of distant metastases (GE-NETs 30.4% vs. p-NETs 29.7%, p  =  0.944) and liver metastases (19.5% GE-NET vs. 27% pNET, p  =  0.421) were comparable. Radical resection was achieved in a similar proportion in both groups [33 @entity1 (89.1%) pNET vs. 36 (78.2%) GE-NET, p  =  0.393]. After a median follow-up of 47.1 months overall 3, 5 and 10-years survival rates of whole @entity1 were 88.1%, 81.2% and 76.7%. There was not difference on 5-years overall survival between pNET (81.4%) and GE-NET (81%, p  =  0.901). At multivariate analysis age >= 70 [OR 4.177 (CI 95% 1.26-13.8), p  =  0.019] and NEC [OR 5.932 (CI 95% 1.81-19.40), p  <  0.001] were negative prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSION: Overall survival of @entity21864 -NET after resection of @entity5 seems to be correlated to @entity1 's age and WHO 2010 staging system but not to @entity5 site.

title: Survival prognostic factors of gastro-enteric-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after XXXX resection in a single tertiary center: Comparison of gastro-enteric and pancreatic locations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major life-threatening complications secondary to @entity900 -based chemotherapy are rare in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The incidence of complications increases with dosage of chemotherapy and with a variety of @entity1 -related as well as disease-related conditions. We here report the first case of @entity5 experiencing as many as four major complications most of which can be explained by the conjunction of several predispositions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48  year old @entity1 with @entity4797 and bulky retroperitoneal and mediastinal metastases underwent @entity900 based chemotherapy. During the third cycle of chemotherapy, he developed @entity715 of the central venous port device, subtotal @entity1188 , and @entity1732 induced @entity55 (BIP). Three months after completion of therapy, he was struck by @entity1188 . Genetic testing then revealed heterozygote mutation of @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ). He received full-dose @entity1229 anticoagulation treatment and @entity479 treatment for BIP. 18  months thereafter, the @entity1 is still disease-free, oncologically. @entity16 have disappeared, but @entity358 persists with a vital capacity of 50%. CONCLUSION: The unique co-incidence of four major complications occurring in this @entity1 were obviously triggered by the genetically determined predisposition of the @entity1 to @entity715 events ( @entity5337 ). Additionally, several @entity1 -related and disease-related conditions contributed to the unique pattern of complications, i.e. (1) the slightly advanced age (48  years), (2) the @entity558 caused by the disease of @entity5 , (3) the central venous port device, (4) retroperitoneal bulky metastasis, and (5) @entity900 chemotherapy. Whether or not @entity5337 contributed to the @entity3794 as well, remains elusive. Practically, in the case of one major vascular complication during @entity900 chemotherapy at standard dose, genetic testing for hereditary @entity49 should be considered. Thus, precautions for preventing further complications could be initiated.

title: @entity5337 mutation triggering four major complications to standard dose @entity900 -chemotherapy for XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['prothrombotic condition']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'GCT', 'testicular germ cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarction', 'thalamic infarction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['testicular seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endotracheal intubation may induce vagal mediated bronchoconstriction. As @entity7284 possesses bronchodilation effects, we studied the efficacy of @entity7284 pretreatment on the increased resistance of total respiratory system (Rrs) caused by reflex bronchoconstriction in endotracheal intubation. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups; group A (n = 25) with @entity7284 inhaled and group B (n = 25) with placebo inhaled 10 min before induction. @entity1 were induced with @entity19014 and @entity3369 and resistance was measured 2 and 5 min after intubation with a Bicore pulmonary function monitor. Suctioning of the airway was performed 1 min before each measurement. @entity1 were further categorized into four conditions by smoking history and the presence of sputum in the suctionings. Condition I included @entity1 that were smokers with no sputum collected. Condition II had non-smokers with no sputum collected. Condition III had @entity1 with sputum collected but with no smoking history and condition IV were @entity1 who had sputum collected and had a smoking history. RESULTS: @entity1 who received @entity7284 have significant lower total respiratory after intubation than those receiving placebo. There were no significant differences in post-intubation Rrs between smokers and non-smokers. @entity1 with sputum had the highest resistance after intubation with the placebo group. Heart rate and blood pressure were augmented in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7284 pretreatment produced lower post-intubation Rrs after intubation when compared with the placebo group suggesting of a protective effect in vagal mediated bronchoconstriction.

title: Inhaled XXXX pretreatment attenuates airway resistance response to endotracheal intubation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity19014 :: ('CHEBI:9561', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiopental']

answer: @entity7284 :: (MESH:D005280,Chemical) :: ['fenoterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The function of @entity1 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) remains incompletely understood, in part because of the difficulty of obtaining viable olfactory tissue for study. During endoscopic sphenoidotomy, a portion of the superior turbinate is often removed to achieve wide and safe access to the sphenoid sinus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional olfactory mucosa could be obtained from such superior turbinate tissue. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Superior turbinate tissue was resected from 4 @entity1 undergoing transnasal endoscopic approaches to the sphenoid sinus. The gross appearance of the turbinate mucosa was normal at the time of surgery. The specimens were placed directly into cold cell culture media and transferred to the laboratory. A portion of the mucosa was fixed and embedded for histology and immunohistochemistry. The remaining tissue was enzymatically dissociated, and the resulting cell suspension was either prepared for immediate @entity460 imaging or placed into cell culture. Cultured ORNs underwent @entity460 imaging after several weeks to assess their ability to respond to odorants. RESULTS: Histologic analysis of superior turbinate tissue revealed the presence of patchy olfactory neuroepithelium staining positive for @entity34200 . Acutely dissociated ORNs were capable of generating @entity460 responses to odorant mixtures. ORNs could be maintained in mixed culture and retained their ability to respond to odorants. CONCLUSIONS: Superior turbinate tissue removed during endoscopic sphenoidotomy can provide a valuable source of @entity1 olfactory neuroepithelium for functional or histologic study. Superior turbinate tissue yields stem cells and immature neurons capable of differentiating into ORNs that retain many of their functional characteristics even after growth in culture.

title: The superior turbinate as a source of functional XXXX olfactory receptor neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity34200 :: ('4975', 'Gene') :: ['olfactory marker protein']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A standard measure to assess and predict violence is important for @entity146 services. No prospective study has examined the history of violence and heterogeneity of violence in predicting specific types of violence among inpatient with @entity161 . OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to prospectively examine the accuracy of prediction of types of violence using the Chinese modified version of Violence Scale (VS-CM) among inpatients with @entity161 based on their past history of violence and the real occurrence of violence during hospitalization. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study design. SETTING AND @entity1 : A total of 107 adult @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders, consecutively admitted to an acute @entity146 ward of a university hospital in Taiwan, were recruited. METHOD: In addition to data about demographics and clinical illness, count records of the history of violence within one month prior to admission by interview and the actual occurrence of violence during the whole course of hospitalization by @entity1 observation were collected using the VS-CM. Multivariate logistic analysis and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) analysis were applied to examine the predictive ability of the VS-CM. RESULTS: A @entity1 's history of violence assessed by the VS-CM predicted the actual occurrence of violence during hospitalization with the Odds Ratio of 17.5 (p=0.001). The predictive accuracy of the VS-CM had high sensitivity (97.0%), moderate positive predictive value (71.4%), and high negative predictive value (87.5%); however, the specificity was relatively low (35.0%). The AUC was 79.5% using the total scale of the VS-CM and 70.7-74.5% using the subscales in predicting corresponding types of violence. CONCLUSION: The VS-CM is a valid and reliable measure of potential violence. It can be applied to assess and predict specific types of violence among inpatient with @entity161 .

title: Clinical prediction of violence among inpatients with XXXX using the Chinese modified version of Violence Scale: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary coronary angioplasty was accepted as a method of choice in the reperfusion treating strategy of the ST elevation @entity583 . Since 1995, when the very good results of the stent implantation in @entity1 with @entity583 were published, there has been a general trend to more stenting also in the Czech Republic. AIM: The analysis of the effectivety and safety of the coronary stent implantation in @entity583 . METHODS: Prospective analysis of the @entity1 with ST elevation @entity583 treated with primary coronary angioplasty with one coronary stent implantation at least in the period I/2000-XII/2000. RESULTS: In the above mentioned period the authors carried out the total of 116 primary coronary angioplasties in 116 @entity1 with ST elevation @entity583 . Balloon angioplasty only was done in 27 @entity1 (23.3%) only, at least one stent was implanted in 89 @entity1 (76.7%). The average procedure time was 58 +/- 27.2 mins, fluoroscopy 10.6 +/- 6.6 mins, sciagraphy 1.8 +/- 0.7 mins. Primary angiographical result was optimal in 82 cases (92.2%) with achieving TIMI flow 3, in 5 cases (5.6%) there was slower perfusion of the infarcted artery observed with TIMI flow 2 and in 2 cases (2.2%) the authors were unsuccessful with final TIMI flow 0-1. Coronary stents were implanted in 13 cases (13.8%) without predilatation as so called "direct stenting", in 19 cases (20.2%) the planned or "elective" stenting was done, in 47 cases (50%) the suboptimal result after balloon angioplasty only was the reason for stent implantation and in 15 cases (16%) it was rescue "bail-out" stenting in complications of the balloon angioplasty only or if the result after balloon angioplasty was unsuccessful. Primary angiographical success of the stented lesion was 100% and in 14 cases (15.7%) the abciximab as a representative of IIb/IIIa platelet blockers was given. Periprocedural complications (up-to 24 hours after the procedure) in the stented group of @entity1 occurred in 2 cases (2.2%), further serious in-hospital @entity65 occurred in another 4 cases (4.4%). The total of 5 @entity1 (5.5%) died in the hospital, out of which 4 @entity1 (4.4%) died due to the primary @entity1457 and 1 @entity1 (1.1%) admitted in @entity4 died due to the @entity712 progression. Excluding @entity1 primary in @entity1457 the in-hospital mortality was 1.2% only. Hospital mortality in the group of @entity1 treated with primary balloon angioplasty only was 3.7% (1 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: At present the coronary artery stenting is safe and highly effective method in @entity583 treatment.

title: [Implantation of coronary stents in reperfusion therapy in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogennic shock']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1956 is the major cause of @entity3619 and @entity82 in Iran. Sanitation and immunization is one of the most effective measures for prevention of the disease which is now widely used in developing countries. However, the immune response to the vaccine varies by age. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of @entity17562 on immune response to hepatitis-B vaccine in elderly. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a clinical trial on 140 subjects aged ?40 years with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2, and without any co-morbid disease were recruited. Those who had negative @entity1956 core antibody (102 @entity1 ) were randomly allocated to two groups. The trial group received @entity1956 vaccine plus 200 mg @entity17562 daily for 30 days and the control group received vaccine plus placebo. RESULTS: 52 of 102 @entity1 were female (51%). The two studied groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, and smoking habits. The mean antibody production in the intervention and control groups was 116.93 and 157.37 mIU/mL, respectively (p=0.22). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of proportion of @entity1 who were protected after vaccination (26.0% and 36.5% in @entity1 with and without @entity219 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that @entity17562 has no effect in level of immunity among elderly.

title: The effect of XXXX on immunologic response to recombinant @entity1956 vaccine in elderly: @entity17562 and immunologic response to recombinant @entity1956 vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity17562 :: (MESH:D019287,Chemical) :: ['zinc sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the experience of American Indian communities relative to @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ), @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), and @entity734 . METHODS: A random sample of adult American Indians living on or near the seven Montana reservations were interviewed through an adapted Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey in 2001 (N = 1,006). Victimization from @entity4270 was defined as @entity4270 or sexual assault committed by any @entity1 . Respondents who reported experiencing @entity4270 and who reported that the perpetrator was a current or former spouse, boyfriend, girlfriend, or date were categorized as experiencing @entity1004 . @entity734 was defined as fear for one's safety or being controlled by another individual. RESULTS: Nine, one, and twelve percent of @entity1 reported experiencing @entity4270 , @entity1004 , and @entity734 in the past year, respectively. Five percent of @entity1 reported @entity4270 in the past year, 3% reported @entity1004 , and 18% reported @entity734 . @entity1 who reported @entity4270 in the past year were more likely to be younger and report more days of physical and mental health problems in the past month. @entity1 reporting @entity4270 in the past year were more likely to be younger and have more days with mental health problems in the past month. Few @entity1 (7%) or @entity1 (12%) reported ever being assessed for @entity4270 or safety. CONCLUSIONS: Recent @entity4270 , @entity1004 , and @entity734 are prevalent for both American Indian @entity1 and @entity1 . Strategies to increase screening for @entity4270 and effective interventions for violence are needed.

title: Physical violence, @entity1004 , and @entity734 among adult American Indian @entity1 and XXXX in Montana.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional abuse', 'emotional abuse']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['physical violence', 'PV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4053 is often the limiting factor for intensive @entity413 control in @entity6 management, however its actual prevalence in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) is not well documented. METHODOLOGY: A total of 108 @entity1 with T2DM wore a continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) for 5 days. Rates and patterns of @entity4053 and glycemic variability (GV) were calculated. @entity1 and medication factors were correlated with rates, timing, and severity of @entity4053 . RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 49.1% had at least 1 @entity2749 (mean 1.74 episodes/ @entity1 / 5 days of CGMS) and 75% of those @entity1 experienced at least 1 asymptomatic @entity2749 . There was no significant difference in the frequency of daytime versus @entity4053 . @entity4053 was more frequent in individuals on insulin (alone or in combination) (P = .02) and those on oral hypoglycemic agents (P < .001) compared to noninsulin secretagogues. CGMS analysis resulted in treatment modifications in 64% of the @entity1 . T2DM @entity1 on insulin exhibited higher glycemic variability (GV) scores (2.3    0.6) as compared to those on oral medications (1.8    0.7, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: CGMS can provide rich data that show @entity413 excursions in @entity6 @entity1 throughout the day. Consequently, unwarranted onset of hypo- and @entity1602 events can be detected, intervened, and prevented by using CGMS. @entity4053 was frequently unrecognized by the @entity1 in this study (75%), which increases their potential risk of significant adverse events. Incorporation of CGMS into the routine management of T2DM would increase the detection and self-awareness of @entity4053 resulting in safer and potentially better overall control.

title: XXXX in Type 2 @entity6 --More Common Than You Think: A Continuous @entity413 Monitoring Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic episode']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia', 'nocturnal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['Hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of displaced @entity6342 remains a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. We describe the reconstruction of such @entity174 with a new device designed to provide good medial cortex support and report treatment outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The da Vinci device is an open triangular prism made of @entity702 . It is inserted in the proximal humeral cavity to stabilize the humeral head and @entity2916 . Between May 2005 and December 2010, we treated 81 @entity1 with unstable dislocated proximal @entity174 using this device. We report the outcome of the 69 @entity1 monitored for at least 2 years. RESULTS: The results, based on the Constant-Murley and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores at a minimum of 2 years' follow-up, were excellent in 36 of 69 @entity1 , good in 29, fair in 2, and poor in the remaining 2. Successful @entity174 healing was obtained in 68 of 69 @entity1 , whereas the cage was removed in 1 @entity1 80 days after surgery because of @entity281 . @entity455 occurred in 5 @entity1 but was clinically symptomatic in only 1 of these. Fragment reduction was maintained during follow-up in all 68 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The da Vinci cage results in good reduction and stable fixation of displaced @entity6342 , as well as in cases of @entity135 and comminuted @entity174 . Unlike other devices and screwed plates, it does not invade the subacromial space and osteosynthesis is minimally invasive. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, Case Series, Treatment Study.

title: Reconstruction of unstable, complex XXXX with the da Vinci cage: surgical technique and outcome at 2 to 6 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['humeral head dislocation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Partial vascular osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberosities']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transfemoral and perventricular device occlusions are performed for doubly committed subarterial @entity1757 (dcVSD) to reduce the invasiveness of the conventional surgical repair through a median sternotomy. Few comparative studies have been conducted of these three procedures. METHODS: Inpatients with isolated dcVSD who had undergone transfemoral and perventricular device occlusions or conventional surgical repair from January 2009 to June 2013 were reviewed to compare the three procedures. RESULTS: Procedure success was achieved in 33 transfemoral (66%), in 74 perventricular (94.9%), and in 205 repair (97.6%) procedures. The transfemoral group had the lowest success rate (p < 0.001), whereas the perventricular and repair groups had similar success rates (p  = 0.418). Transfemoral @entity1 were the oldest (p < 0.001) and had a dcVSD size similar to that of @entity1 in other two groups (p  = 0.518). The repair group required the longest hospitalization and longest stays in the intensive care unit (p < 0.001), required the longest operating room and mechanical ventilation times (p < 0.001), and had the highest rate of transfusion (p < 0.001). Major adverse events occurred in one transfemoral (3%), in two perventricular (2.7%), and in three repair (1.4%) procedures. Minor adverse events were absent in transfemoral (0%) and occurred in three perventricular (4%) and 14 repair (6.7%) procedures. No significant difference was noted in the rates of adverse events the three groups (p  = 0.569). No grade 3 @entity340 or complete @entity713 was observed in the studied @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 may be an alternative to surgical repair in selected @entity1 with dcVSD. @entity432 was the preferred approach because it showed a higher success rate than transfemoral occlusion.

title: XXXX and Surgical Repair for Doubly Committed Subarterial @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Device occlusion', 'Perventricular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Transfemoral and Perventricular Device Occlusions']


abstract: The paper is concerned with analysis of @entity409 in 43 @entity1 . The authors employed standard and dynamic computerized tomography. All @entity2695 were divided into 2 groups: under 6 cm and over 6 cm. Small @entity2695 were characterized by clear-cut contours and regular density. Zones of low density, regular in structure with clear-cut contours were revealed by CT in @entity2695 over 6 cm. Morphologically, this zone corresponded to a hyaline structure (a hyaline slot) making it possible to differentiate @entity2695 from @entity5 . In serious cases dynamic CT with visual evaluation and plotting of time-density graphs was recommended. @entity227 had a picture of contrast medium accumulation, beginning from a focal periphery. Graphically the time of appearance of a contrast medium and the time of reaching a maximum for @entity2695 is delayed as compared to the same intervals of contrast medium accumulation in the @entity409 . It tells @entity2695 graphs from graphs of other @entity5 , of which intervals coincide with those of @entity409 graphs.

title: [Computed tomography symptomatology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visually hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'CT-symptomatology of 72 liver hemangiomas']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver hemangiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of alternative treatment algorithms for the management of isolated @entity174 . METHODS: This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective study consisting of a chart review of 25 @entity1 who underwent operative repair of an isolated mandible fracture between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2000. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: @entity1 who were immediately admitted to the hospital from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) versus @entity1 who were discharged from the @entity341 and who returned for elective scheduled operative repair. @entity1 ' total hospital charges were compared on the basis of operating room (OR) time, operative materials, and hospital charges. RESULTS: Seventeen of the study @entity1 were directly admitted from the @entity341 , and eight underwent elective scheduled operative repair. Of the @entity1 directly admitted from the @entity341 , the mean age was 34.9 years (range, 19-57 years), and the study population consisted of 16 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 . This group had a mean OR time of 161 minutes, a mean OR time charge of  1,978.66, a mean OR supply charge of 1,049.43 US dollars, a mean hospital floor charge of 5,041.02 US dollars, and an average hospital stay of 2.82 days. The treatment group of @entity1 undergoing scheduled operative repair (n = 8) had a mean age of 30.3 years (range, 19-49 years), and all were @entity1 . This second treatment group had a mean OR time of 167.1 minutes, a mean OR time charge of 2,162.03 US dollars, a mean OR supply charge of 871.00 US dollars, a mean hospital floor charge of 2,759.38 US dollars, and a mean hospital stay of 0.88 days. Comparison of the two study groups demonstrated operative charges were made on the basis of time and materials and were shown to have no statistically significant difference (p = 0.753 and p = 0.289, respectively). Comparison of hospital charges revealed that @entity1 admitted directly from the @entity341 had a mean charge 2,276.70 US dollars higher (p = 0.019) and stayed 1.95 days longer in the hospital than @entity1 discharged from the @entity341 who returned for elective scheduled repair. There were two complications in the study @entity1 ; both occurred in the group admitted directly from the emergency room. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the most cost-effective management of an isolated mandibular fracture is initial evaluation in the @entity341 with elective interval operative repair. This management protocol is, of course, only applicable if the @entity1 is clinically stable and has no other injuries or comorbidities necessitating in-hospital observation.

title: Cost-based analysis of the treatment of XXXX in a tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['mandibular fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity282 is traditionally considered to be nociceptive in origin, a proportion of @entity1 experience a significant neuropathic component to their @entity158 experience. Diagnosing @entity9 in this setting is challenging, and there are no published guidelines or screening tools designed for use in the immediate postoperative setting. We hypothesized that acute @entity158 specialists were diagnosing a neuropathic component to acute @entity158 , and this study aimed to obtain an expert agreed list of @entity158 characteristics that could be used to aid diagnosis. METHODS: A three-round Internet-based Delphi survey of acute @entity158 specialists was used to generate a list of acute @entity9 characteristics, and achieve consensus on the importance of each item. Items were ranked on a 1-10 scale of importance, with a median score of >=  7 considered important and an inter-quartile range of  <= 3 indicative of consensus. Cronbach's a was used to investigate internal consistency. RESULTS: Twenty-four items were generated by round 1 of the Delphi survey. Fourteen panellists participated in round 2, and 10 in round 3. After round 3, consensus of opinion was achieved for 13 items, with nine rated as important in the diagnosis of acute @entity9 . CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi survey suggests that @entity9 in the immediate postoperative period is diagnosed in a different way to chronic @entity9 , with items such as response to medications considered more useful than signs such as those representing autonomic changes.

title: Diagnosing postoperative XXXX : a Delphi survey.

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Reports of frequency and interpretation of @entity1316 differ in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Forty-one @entity1 with @entity15 defined according to MacAlpine's criteria were evaluated by psychometric tests (WAIS) and neuropsychologic examinations (study of language, gnosic and praxic activities, dynamic gestural organization, memory and learning) together with, in 24 of them, the AMDP psychopathologic rating scale. @entity74 were noted in 65 p. 100 of @entity1 . Although more frequent in severe and chronic forms they were nevertheless of early onset since more than a half of the @entity1 with onset of disease less than 5 years ago were affected. Their semiology was fairly homogeneous, combining disturbances of dynamic gestural organization (decomposition or simplification) and @entity4207 without anomalies of instrumental functions or usual psychometric @entity1032 . Application of the AMDP scale failed to reveal any @entity914 . @entity1316 were predominant, affecting 60 p. 100 of the subpopulation studied (24 cases) and combining, in an unexpected manner: dysphoria, euphoria and @entity308 . Only euphoria appeared to be correlated with @entity74 . Frequency of both @entity1316 was similar to that reported in other series published. The relative homogeneity of semiology, seen by the correlation between the different disturbances (decomposition and simplification, plateau learning curve and euphoria) and the unusual grouping of these effects, is suggestive of their organic basis. In addition, signs and symptoms resemble the neuropsychological expression of @entity75 and certain lesions of central grey nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intellectual and @entity1316 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic type of disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual and mood disorders', 'Mood disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['memory and learning deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual disorders', 'intellectual disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity235 perivascular wall @entity5 (PWTs) are a group of subcutaneous soft tissue @entity242 developing from vascular mural cells. Mural cells are involved in angiogenesis through a complex crosstalk with endothelial cells mediated by several growth factors and their receptors. The evaluation of their expression may have relevance since they may represent a therapeutic target in the control of @entity235 PWTs. The expression of @entity11010 ( @entity11010 ) and receptors VEGFR-I/II, basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity24976 ) and receptor @entity60390 , @entity28587 ( @entity28587 ) and receptor @entity29135 , @entity30913 ( @entity30913 ) and receptors TGFbR-I/II, and @entity45284 ( @entity45284 ) was evaluated on frozen sections of 40 PWTs by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitatively scored to identify their potential role in PWT development. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze possible correlations between Ki67 labeling index and the expression of each molecule. Proteins of the @entity11010 -, @entity28587 -, and @entity24976 -mediated pathways were highly expressed in 27 (67.5%), 30 (75%), and 19 (47.5%) of 40 PWTs, respectively. Proteins of the @entity30913 - and @entity45284 -mediated pathways were highly expressed in 4 (10%) and 14 (35%) of 40 cases. Statistical analysis identified an association between @entity11010 and VEGFR-I/II (P = .015 and .003, respectively), @entity24976 and @entity60390 (P = .038), @entity24976 and @entity29135 (P = .003), and between @entity30913 and @entity45284 (P = .006). These findings were consistent with the mechanisms that have been reported to play a role in angiogenesis and in @entity5 development. No association with Ki67 labeling index was found. @entity11010 -, @entity28587 -, and @entity24976 -mediated pathways seem to have a key role in PWT development and growth. Blockade of @entity4149 kinase receptors after surgery could represent a promising therapy with the aim to reduce the PWT relapse rate and prolong the time to relapse.

title: Growth Factors and @entity45284 Expression in XXXX Perivascular Wall Tumors.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity30913 :: ('403998(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['TGFb1', 'transforming growth factor b1']

entities_list: @entity28587 :: ('442986(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFB', 'platelet-derived growth factor B']

entities_list: @entity11010 :: ('403802(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Changing trends in lifestyle exposures are suggested to be contributing factors to the increasing incidence rates for @entity706 . We investigated the relationship between smoking and @entity167 consumption and the risk of @entity706 among adult @entity1 of a population-based case-control study recently conducted in Germany. In 710 case-control pairs, an increased risk of @entity706 was associated with a long duration of smoking (p for trend = 0.01 for @entity1 ) and smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day(OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.4-5.2 for @entity1 ). Elevated odds ratios were seen for most @entity706 subentities, albeit mostly without reaching statistical significance. A strong association was evident between smoking and multiple @entity1582 (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.98-5.74 for @entity1 ; OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-7.4 for @entity1 ) and @entity978 among @entity1 (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.7-7.5). @entity167 consumption 10 years prior to the date of interview appeared to decrease the risk of @entity706 . Odds ratios for @entity1 who reported @entity167 consumption were 53% lower (95% CI = 0.31-0.71) compared to @entity1 who drank very little or no @entity167 . The same tendency was evident for @entity1 , although the association was less pronounced. The inverse relationship was also seen for low amounts of @entity167 and did not appear to be restricted to specific types of beverages. Although biologic rationale for a protective effect of @entity167 consumption may be given, a more in-depth analysis involving genetic markers is indicated to clarify if @entity1068 , other components in alcoholic beverages, or factors associated with moderate drinking reduce @entity706 risk among adults. In conclusion, this investigation suggests a positive association between @entity286 smoking and @entity706 risk and finds decreased odds ratios among consumers of @entity167 .

title: XXXX and @entity167 consumption and risk of @entity706 : results of a population-based case-control study in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Flexible bronchoscopy has been more and more used for diagnosis and management diseases of respiratory system in pediatrics. Previous studies have reported that @entity1937 (RF) and @entity1875 are safe and effective for flexible bronchoscopy in adults, however, there have no trials evaluate the efficacy of @entity9170 -RF versus @entity6948 - @entity1875 in @entity1 undergoing flexible bronchoscopy.We divided 123 @entity1 undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with @entity9170 -RF or @entity6948 - @entity1875 into 2 groups: Group DR (n=63, @entity9170 infusion at 1.0 gkg for 10minutes, then adjusted to 0.5-0.7 gkgh; RF infusion at 1.0 gkg for 5minutes, then adjusted to 0.05-0.2 gkgmin), Group DP (n=60, @entity9170 infusion at 1.0 gkg for 10minutes, then adjusted to 0.5-0.7 gkgh; @entity1875 infusion at 10 gkg for 5minutes, then adjusted to 0.05-0.1 gkgmin). Ramsay sedation scale of the 2 groups was maintained at 3. Anesthesia onset time; total number of intraoperative @entity1 movements; hemodynamics; total cumulative dose of @entity9170 ; amount of and time to first-dose rescue @entity1363 and @entity3303 ; postoperative recovery time; adverse events; and bronchoscopist satisfaction score were recorded.Anesthesia onset time was significantly shorter in DP (8.22  2.48 vs 12.25  6.43minutes, respectively, for DP, DR, P=0.015). The perioperative hemodynamic profile was more stable in DR than DP group. More @entity1 moved during flexible bronchoscopy in DP group (P=0.009). Total dose of rescue @entity1363 and @entity3303 was significantly higher in DR than in DP (P<0.001). Similarly, the time to first dose of rescue @entity1363 and @entity3303 was significantly longer in DP than in DR (P<0.001). Total cumulative dose of @entity9170 was more in DR than DP group (P<0.001). The time to recovery for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit ( @entity16073 ) was significantly shorter in DP than in DR group (P<0.001). The bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores were higher for DR than DP (P=0.036). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the overall incidence of @entity101 , @entity591 , and @entity519 (P<0.05).Although underwent longer recovery time and more incidence of rescue scheme, @entity9170 -RF resulted in more stable hemodynamic profiles and bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores, lesser @entity1 movements, and can hence be more effectively used in @entity1 undergoing flexible bronchoscopy than @entity6948 - @entity1875 .

title: The efficacy of @entity6948 - @entity1937 versus @entity6948 - @entity1875 in XXXX undergoing flexible bronchoscopy: A retrospective trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It is well known that left ventricular regional contraction abnormality (hypokinesis: hypo) occurs during @entity741 . However, it is uncertain whether left ventricular asynchronous contraction (asynchrony) is an index of @entity741 . To validate asynchrony as an index of @entity741 , @entity3044 infusion stress (ISP) cardiac blood-pool scintigraphy (RI angiography) was performed in @entity1 with @entity741 . The subjects were classified into 2 groups: 1) 15 @entity1 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 2) 8 @entity1 with "normal" coronary arteries (NC). None had any electrical ventricular conduction disturbance. ISP was administered with increasing doses of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 microgram/kg/min at 3-min intervals, and it was terminated in the event of angina, significant ST changes or target heart rate. Symptom-limited ergometer exercise testing (EX) was also administered in 14 @entity1 . Regional decrease in amplitude and phase delay identified by phase analysis was diagnosed as hypo and asynchrony, respectively. ISP @entity296 was also performed in 15 @entity1 . Results were as follows: ISP and EX induced asynchrony in 14 (93%) and 13 @entity1 (93%), respectively, while, did hypo in 4 (27%) and 9 (64%), respectively. Ten (67%) of 15 @entity1 had asynchrony without hypo in ISP; whereas, only 4 (28%) of 14 @entity1 did in EX. ISP-induced asynchrony occurred in one of 8 @entity1 with NC. The locations of ISP-induced asynchrony and those of EX-induced asynchrony were concordant in 11 (79%) of 14 @entity1 . Asynchrony on the ISP RI angiogram was observed at the same sites of redistribution on the ISP myocardial scintigram. We concluded that asynchrony itself is a sensitive and specific index of @entity741 .

title: [ @entity741 detected by @entity3044 stress cardiac blood-pool scintigraphy: significance of asynchrony as an index of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity787 ( @entity787 ) is a valuable indicator for estimating the progression of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), some @entity1 with advanced @entity14 show no elevation of the @entity787 level. On the other hand, inflammation-based prognosis, assessed by the @entity18880 ( @entity18880 ), has been established as one of the important prognostic factors of survival after surgery for several types of @entity5 . We estimated the postoperative survival of @entity14 @entity1 with a normal preoperative serum level of @entity787 on the basis of the @entity18880 . METHODS: Among 491 @entity1 who had undergone elective @entity14 surgery, 271 with a normal preoperative serum @entity787 level ( <=5.0 ng/ml) were enrolled. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship to overall survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test were used to compare the survival curves between @entity1 with @entity18880 0 (group A), and 1 or 2 (group B). RESULTS: Univariate analyses using clinical characteristics revealed that lymphatic invasion, lymph node @entity3 , platelet count, the serum levels of @entity787 and C-reactive protein, @entity5 , node, @entity3 staging system (stage 0, I, II/III, IV), and the @entity18880 (0/1, 2) were associated with overall survival. Among these characteristics, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the @entity18880 and platelet count were associated with overall survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival between groups A and B (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Even if @entity14 @entity1 have a normal preoperative serum level of @entity787 before surgery, the @entity18880 is able to predict their postoperative survival.

title: Inflammation-based prognostic system predicts postoperative survival of XXXX @entity1 with a normal preoperative serum level of @entity787 .

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow Prognostic Score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: To the best of our knowledge, @entity1778 has not been reported in Saudi Arabia. Seventy-two @entity1778 @entity1 were seen in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah over the last 10 years. Thirty-one of those @entity1 had an ocular examination. Seventeen of these were found to have @entity735 related to @entity1778 . Ten had @entity981 , four had @entity3052 and three had @entity1860 . The retina and vitreous were involved in 12 of the ocular relapses, the anterior segment leukemic infiltrate in nine, @entity726 in five, @entity1292 in four, @entity129 in three, proptosis and @entity8814 in two. @entity548 , @entity3193 and @entity231 were present in one relapse each. The optic nerve was involved in nine relapses, which is a serious condition that requires immediate intervention to save the @entity1 's sight. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain and orbit was useful in differentiating between optic nerve infiltrate and @entity1829 . Most ocular relapses responded well to chemotherapy except relapses with optic nerve and anterior segment infiltrate, which required irradiation to save the @entity1 's sight and prevent further relapses. In conclusion, the presented data have shown that @entity1778 is not rare and emphasizes the importance of early ophthalmologic examination and radiation.

title: XXXX in King Abdulaziz University Hospital - Jeddah.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Conjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['ocular leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal infiltrate']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Ocular leukemia']


abstract: The prognostic significance of @entity1782 expression in benign proliferative @entity1558 has been confirmed in epithelial @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). However, little is known about the role of @entity1783 in these lesions. Therefore, this study was performed to test the hypothesis that, in @entity75 , the ratio of @entity1782 : @entity1783 is an accurate determinant of @entity0 risk and of predicting subsequent progression to invasive @entity0 . This case-control study analyzed a cohort of benign proliferative breast lesions and foci of ductal @entity1373 in 117 @entity1 with long follow-up (20 years). These foci were analyzed by morphometric image analysis together with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to ER-beta1 and to @entity1782 . The data were compared with @entity1783 expression in all @entity0 that subsequently developed in the same @entity1 as well as to @entity1782 expression in the corresponding tissues. In cases that progressed to @entity189 , the ratio of @entity1782 to @entity1783 in @entity1373 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in those that did not progress. None of the @entity1373 foci from @entity1 who progressed to @entity0 were simultaneously @entity1782 negative and @entity1783 positive. Using both @entity1783 and @entity1782 in a logistic model demonstrated a 75% correct classification rate for the cohort studied. These findings confirm the diagnostic and prognostic value of defining the @entity1782 and @entity1783 status of @entity75 identified morphologically. The data support the hypothesis that high @entity1782 : @entity1783 levels characterize those cases within @entity1373 likely to progress to @entity0 . The data also reveal that a reduced level of @entity1783 relative to @entity1782 is an accurate predictor of individual cases of @entity1373 likely to progress to invasive @entity0 , thus supporting the concept that @entity1782 transcriptional activity is directly modulated by @entity1783 .

title: Prognostic significance of estrogen receptor Beta in epithelial XXXX with known outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HUT lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia of usual type', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia of usual type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-related sex differences in @entity565 hospitalizations and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits have been reported, but relationships of these differences to disease prevalence and outpatient management have not been defined. OBJECTIVE: To define the relationships of sex to @entity565 -related health care utilization and medications, accounting for age-related differences in @entity565 prevalence. METHODS: Computerized data from Southern California Kaiser-Permanente were used to identify @entity748 @entity1 , aged 2 to 64 years, enrolled continuously during 1999 and 2000. Age-specific @entity565 prevalence in 1999 was calculated to identify ages of male or female predominance. Males and females were compared with regard to @entity565 -related health care utilization outcomes (outpatient clinic visits, @entity341 visits, and hospitalizations) and medication use (beta-agonists, inhaled @entity230 , and oral @entity230 ). Hospitalizations, @entity341 visits, and oral @entity134 use were considered markers of disease severity. RESULTS: Of the 60,694 subjects, the female-male prevalence ratio was approximately 35:65 at each age between 2 and 13 years, it was inverse (65:35) between the ages of 23 and 64 years, and prevalences were relatively similar at the ages of 14 to 22 years. In @entity1 aged 2 to 13 years, most utilization and medication variables were significantly greater in males (P < .01). Females aged 14 to 22 years had more outpatient and @entity341 visits and used more oral @entity230 than males. In @entity1 aged 23 to 64 years, all utilization variables were significantly greater in females, except beta-agonist use and mean inhaled @entity134 dispensings. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma utilization and severity appear greater in males aged 2 to 13 years, somewhat greater in females aged 14 to 22 years, and definitely greater in females aged 23 to 64 years. The mechanisms for these striking sex differences merit further investigation.

title: The relationship of sex to XXXX prevalence, health care utilization, and medications in a large managed care organization.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Although the benefit of spinal canal decompression of traumatic thoracolumbar burst @entity174 is controversial, it remains a desirable procedure, as many reports describe improved neurologic outcome with spinal canal reconstruction. The optimal type of posterior instrumentation for reconstructing the spinal canal is unclear. This study focused on the efficacy of posterior distraction rods versus transpedicular screw fixation implants in decompressing the spinal canal and on the relationship between the amount of canal decompression and subsequent neurologic recovery. A medical records review was conducted to identify all @entity1 surgically treated for traumatic burst @entity174 of the thoracolumbar spine from January 1, 1987 to June 30, 1989. Sixty-seven @entity1 were selected by this review, and, of these, 30 had had both preoperative and postoperative CT scans. We could find no bias among @entity1 who received both preoperative and postoperative CT scans as compared to those who did not, therefore the 30 @entity1 were considered to be a random sample of the total population of 67. A retrospective study was then conducted on the 30 @entity1 with surgically treated @entity174 treated with posterior distraction rods and 15 treated with AO Fixator Interne transpedicular screw fixation implants. Preoperative and postoperative spinal canal cross-sectional areas were measured directly from the scaled CT scans. The area of most severe compromise was compared with an internal standard defined as the next, caudal, uncompromised spinal level, and the percentage of preoperative and postoperative canal compromise was calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spinal canal decompression in traumatic thoracolumbar burst XXXX : posterior distraction rods versus transpedicular screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'burst fractures--15']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Twenty-seven newborn @entity1 (birth weight, 1503 +/- 776 g; gestational age, 31 +/- 3 wk) (mean +/- standard deviation) with rapidly progressive posthemorrhagic @entity1276 and @entity428 were treated by external ventricular drainage. The progression of @entity1276 was arrested during the drainage period in each @entity1 . The drainage was kept in place for 23 +/- 9 days, the longest drainage period being 48 days. In 16 of 23 surviving @entity1 , progressive @entity2554 recurred after removal of the drainage, requiring a definitive shunt implantation (nine ventriculoatrial, seven ventriculoperitoneal). For the remaining seven @entity1 , no further therapy was necessary. Implantation of the permanent shunt was done days 28 to 88 (body weight, 2400 +/- 950 g). Bacterial cultures from cerebrospinal fluid and/or the tip of the ventriculostomy catheter were negative in 175 instances and positive in 11 instances (7 @entity1 ). No clinical or biochemical evidence of @entity5034 was noted. Four of the 27 @entity1 died of causes unrelated to external ventricular drainage. Twenty-three @entity1 survived. Seventeen of 23 survivors suffered from @entity548 Grade 3; in 7, neurological and developmental outcomes were classified as normal; 9 @entity1 experienced mild to moderate paresis and/or mild to moderate @entity245 ; and only 1 @entity1 was severely retarded. Six @entity1 with parenchymal lesions had severe motor and/or developmental handicaps. We consider external ventricular drainage an effective and safe therapy in newborn @entity1 with rapidly progressive posthemorrhagic @entity1276 and @entity428 . The ultimate outcome, however, depends mainly on the mode and the extent of the primary @entity75 .

title: External ventricular drainage for treatment of rapidly progressive posthemorrhagic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A strategy to decrease the vector competence of @entity313 (Diptera: Culicidae), the most efficient @entity311 vector in Africa, may consist of exploiting the genes involved in zoophily. Crossing and backcrossing experiments were performed between An.   gambiae s.s. and the zoophilic sibling species Anopheles quadriannulatus. Mosquito strains were tested in a dual-choice olfactometer to investigate their responses to @entity291 odour. Totals of 12% of An.   gambiae s.s. and 59% of An.   quadriannulatus selected the port with the @entity291 odour. Crosses and backcrosses did not show a significant preference for the @entity291 -baited port. The results indicated that anthropophilic behaviour in An.   gambiae s.s. is a dominant or partially dominant trait, which, in conjunction with the unstable zoophilic behaviour observed in An.   quadriannulatus, poses a serious obstacle to plans to decrease vector competence by modifying the anthropophilic trait.

title: Hybridization studies to modify the host preference of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is a rare @entity5 with a high tendency to reoccur locally and with a high risk of @entity3 . @entity3 are often unresponsive to conventional treatment. Recently, an animal model was set up using @entity1 @entity320 cells. Orthotopic xenografts from @entity1 @entity320 were created by subconjunctival injection of three different @entity320 cell lines into NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) @entity16409 (NSG) @entity19 . Subconjunctival injection of cultured @entity320 cells led to excellent subconjunctival growth, but no @entity3 were found. When single-cell suspensions were obtained from the subconjunctival xenografts and passaged in vivo, all @entity19 developed @entity3 . As recent findings indicate that @entity5 stem cells are linked to @entity5 recurrences, we used this new @entity19 model to determine the expression of the stem cell marker @entity27946 during @entity5 progression. Expression of the @entity27946 protein was determined in three cell lines and during different stages of @entity5 development as observed in our model. All three cell lines contained a subpopulation of cells positive for @entity27946 . During @entity5 development, expression of @entity27946 increased during phases of @entity5 expansion. Furthermore, expression of @entity27946 was increased in @entity3 . Using this model for @entity320 , we were able to initiate metastatic spread and determine the expression of the stem cell marker @entity27946 during different stages of @entity5 development, identifying @entity27946 as a potential novel therapeutic target. This study illustrates the potential of our newly established @entity19 model.

title: Expression of Multidrug Resistance Transporter @entity27946 in a @entity19 Model of XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular malignancy', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity935 ( @entity34232 ), a highly significant neurotransmitter in the @entity1 central nervous system, operates on multiple time scales to affect a diverse array of physiological functions. The significance of @entity34232 in @entity1 health is heightened by its role in a variety of pathologies. Voltammetric measurements of electrically evoked @entity34232 release have brought to light the existence of a patchwork of @entity34232 kinetic domains in the dorsal striatum (DS) of the @entity35 . Thus, it becomes necessary to consider how these domains might be related to specific aspects of @entity34232 's functions. Responses evoked in the fast and slow domains are distinct in both amplitude and temporal profile. Herein, we report that responses evoked in fast domains can be further classified into four distinct types, types 1-4. The DS, therefore, exhibits a total of at least five distinct evoked responses (four fast types and one slow type). All five response types conform to kinetic models based entirely on first-order rate expressions, which indicates that the heterogeneity among the response types arises from kinetic diversity within the DS terminal field. We report also that functionally distinct subregions of the DS express @entity34232 kinetic diversity in a selective manner. Thus, this study documents five response types, provides a thorough kinetic explanation for each of them, and confirms their differential association with functionally distinct subregions of this key @entity34232 terminal field. The dorsal striatum is composed of five significantly different @entity935 domains (types 1-4 and slow, average     SEM responses to medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation are shown in the figure). Responses from each of these five domains exhibit significantly different ascending and descending kinetic profiles and return to a long lasting elevated @entity935 state, termed the @entity935 hang-up. All features of these responses are modeled with high correlation using first-order modeling as well as our recently published restricted diffusion model of evoked @entity935 overflow. We also report that functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal striatum express selective @entity935 kinetic diversity.

title: Kinetic diversity of XXXX transmission in the dorsal striatum.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered at baseline, postcontrol period, and posttraining period to 24 drug-refractory subjects with @entity302 participating in a study of sensorimotor electroencephalographic (EEG) normalization feedback training. Results revealed the following. First, subjects exhibited significant baseline @entity73 . Second, certain tests discriminated subjects before training who were subsequently above and below the median in @entity410 reduction following EEG training. Subjects who showed the greatest @entity410 reduction performed better on a test of general problem-solving ability but not on other cognitive tests and worse on tests involving strong motor components and were more intact psychosocially. These subjects also took significantly fewer medications in combination than did less successful subjects. Third, improvement on several measures occurred following participation in the study. Cognitive and motor functioning improved only in subjects with the greatest @entity410 reduction and only after actual training as opposed to control conditions. Psychological functioning, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) improved in both outcome groups. MMPI improvement, unlike cognitive improvement, was as likely to occur after control conditions, when @entity410 reduction had not yet occurred, as after EEG training. Thus, MMPI changes apparently reflected the nonspecific benefits of participation in this study.

title: Neuropsychological assessment of subjects with uncontrolled XXXX : effects of EEG feedback training.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in psychosocial, cognitive and motor functioning']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Myofibroblasts from @entity1 @entity0 were identified and experimentally generated in culture, and a possible function was examined. The frequency of alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactive cells was evaluated as a measure of myofibroblast differentiation in primary culture. Few or no alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal cells (6.1 +/- 8.4%) were identified in primary cultures from normal breast tissue (n = 9). In contrast, high frequencies (68.8 +/- 15.1%) were observed in primary cultures from @entity189 (n = 19). The frequencies of myofibroblasts in primary cultures were almost identical to those obtained in the corresponding cryostat sections (69.1 vs. 68.8%). A possible precursor cell to the myofibroblast was looked for among typical fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Purified blood vessels containing both fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells were embedded in collagen gel and incubated with medium conditioned by breast epithelial cells. Fibroblasts rather than smooth muscle cells were recruited from the blood vessels. In medium conditioned by @entity189 cell lines or in co-cultures of @entity189 cell lines and purified fibroblasts, alpha-smooth muscle actin and the typical myofibroblast phenotype were induced in otherwise alpha-smooth muscle actin-negative fibroblasts. The effect of myofibroblasts on cellular movement--essential to neoplastic cells--was analyzed. Spontaneous motility of @entity5 cells (MCF-7) was entirely suppressed in a collagen gel assay. Under these conditions @entity5 cell motility was selectively mediated by direct cell-to-cell interaction between @entity5 cells and myofibroblasts. Under chemically defined conditions, interaction was dependent on the presence of plasminogen. Anti-plasminogen, @entity1460 trypsin inhibitor, and anti-fibronectin partly neutralized the effect of plasminogen. It is concluded that elements of myofibroblast differentiation and function may be studied in culture.

title: Identification, paracrine generation, and possible function of XXXX @entity0 myofibroblasts in culture.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 is a common medical problem. In view of recent discoveries about the role of @entity750 in @entity158 mechanisms, selective @entity750 re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been evaluated for the prevention of @entity2704 and @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of SSRIs for preventing @entity2704 and @entity2701 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE (1966-2004), EMBASE (1994-2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 4, 2003), and reference lists of retrieved articles. @entity10 Quarterly was hand searched from 1990 to 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials comparing SSRIs with any type of control intervention in @entity1 of either sex, over 18 years of age, with @entity2704 or @entity2701 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted data ( @entity10 frequency, index, severity, and duration; use of symptomatic/analgesic medication; days off work; quality of life; mood improvement; cost-effectiveness; and adverse events) and assessed the methodological quality of trials. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen studies utilizing five SSRIs met the inclusion criteria (636 @entity1 ). Most of the included studies had methodological and/or reporting shortcomings; follow up rarely extended beyond 3 months. After 2 months SSRIs did not significantly lower @entity10 index scores in @entity1 with @entity2704 when compared to placebo ( @entity7126 -0.14; 95% CI -0.57 to 0.30). @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 treated with an SSRI had a significantly higher analgesic intake of 5 more doses per month when compared to @entity1 treated with a tricyclic antidepressant (WMD 4.98; 95% CI 1.12 to 8.84). Tricyclics also significantly reduced @entity10 duration by 1.26 hours per day (WMD 1.26; 95% CI 0.06 to 2.45) and marginally reduced @entity10 indexes ( @entity7126 0.42; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.85) when compared to SSRIs in @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 . When the data on adverse events were considered without regard to @entity10 diagnostic subgroups, there were no significant differences between SSRIs and placebo for withdrawals due to adverse events (Peto OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.31 to 3.34). For minor adverse events, SSRIs were generally more tolerable than tricyclics (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.92). However, there were no differences in the number of @entity1 withdrawing due to any reason in the SSRI and tricyclic groups (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.56 to 1.80). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Over 2 months of treatment, SSRIs are no more efficacious than placebo in @entity1 with @entity2704 . In @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 , SSRIs are less efficacious than tricyclic antidepressants. In comparison with SSRIs, the burden of adverse events in @entity1 receiving tricyclics was greater. These results are based on short-term trials and may not generalise to longer-term treatment.

title: Selective @entity750 re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for preventing @entity2704 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headaches', 'TTH']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension-type headaches']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines surveillance after early-stage @entity5 surgery. Since the 1980s, the value of surveillance has been discussed continuously. The main question explored is whether surveillance serves the purpose of ensuring early diagnosis of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included 389 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent surgery as the primary treatment modality at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from 1996 to 2011. We used data from @entity1 files and the Danish National Pathology Data Bank. The cumulative risk was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (11%) had recurrence. Only 27% of the recurrent cases were diagnosed at a scheduled surveillance appointment, but they were often asymptomatic and seemed to have a better outcome after treatment compared with the recurrent cases diagnosed at self-referral.The 5-year survival was overall 91.3%, recurrence-free survival was 96%, and @entity5 -specific survival was 54%. The median recurrence-free interval was 23 months (range, 4-144) for the symptomatic @entity1 and 14 months (range, 4-48) for the asymptomatic @entity1 . The median survival after recurrence was 12 months (range, 2-132) for the symptomatic @entity1 and 156 months (range, 40-180) for the asymptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: At the moment, neither the value of surveillance nor the significance of self-referral related to survival after recurrence is known. In this study, those who are diagnosed with recurrence before symptom onset seem to fare better in terms of 5-year survival than those who are diagnosed after self-referral because of symptoms.

title: Addressing Challenges in Future Surveillance After Surgery for Early-Stage Cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, diagnostic yield, and interobserver agreement of capsule endoscopy in the investigation of @entity1 with obscure or occult @entity360 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 64 consecutive @entity1 with @entity548 (31 %) or overt @entity548 (69 %) were assessed using capsule endoscopy after negative upper and lower endoscopy and small-bowel radiology. The quality of visualization of the @entity1744 was scored from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). Thirty video capsule recordings with normal or abnormal findings were blindly assessed by four independent endoscopists. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the kappa index. RESULTS: The small bowel was completely visualized in 57/64 @entity1 (89 %). Incomplete small-bowel transit was most commonly due to prolonged @entity356 (five @entity1 ). The mucosa visualization scores (means) for the proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the small bowel were 3.7, 3.3, and 2.2 respectively. Visualization of the distal ileum was good (> or = 3) in 38 % and a @entity548 site was found in 45 % of @entity1 . Push-enteroscopy was also performed in 56 @entity1 . The results of the two techniques were similar in 37 @entity1 , capsule endoscopy was superior in 12 @entity1 , and push-enteroscopy was superior in seven @entity1 . Interobserver agreement was good for @entity548 and for @entity2817 , but poor for ulcers and @entity5 . Mean interobserver agreement was better among experienced endoscopists than among junior endoscopists. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy allowed the whole small intestine to be explored in 89 % of @entity1 , with good visualization of the mucosa, except distally. Interobserver agreement was better among the experienced endoscopists and was better for red-colored abnormalities ( @entity548 and @entity2817 ) than for ulcers and @entity5 .

title: Video capsule endoscopy for investigation of obscure XXXX : feasibility, results, and interobserver agreement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['occult bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel mucosa']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric retention']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: In vivo thermoregulatory temperature response to @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) heating at 9.4T was studied by measuring temperatures in nine anesthetized @entity1707 . Temperatures were measured in the scalp, brain, and rectum. The @entity2198 energy was deposited using a four-loop head coil tuned to 400.2 MHz. Sham @entity2198 was delivered to three @entity1707 to understand the thermal effects of anesthesia (animal weight = 54.16 kg, SD = 3.08 kg). Continuous wave (CW) @entity2198 energy was delivered to the other six animals for 2.5-3.4 h (animal weight = 74.01 +/- 26.0 kg, heating duration = 3.05 +/- 0.29 h). The whole-head specific absorption rate (SAR) varied between 2.71 W/kg and 3.20 W/kg (SAR = 2.93 +/- 0.18 W/kg). Anesthesia caused the brain and rectal temperatures to drop linearly. Altered thermoregulatory response was detected by comparing the difference in the temperature slopes before and after the @entity2198 delivery from zero. @entity2198 heating statistically significantly altered the rate of cooling down of the animal. The temperature slope changes correlated well with the @entity2198 energy per unit head weight and heating duration, and the maximum rectal temperature change during heating in heated animals. The temperature slope changes did not correlate well to the whole-head average @entity6723 .

title: Radio frequency heating at 9.4T (400.2 MHz): in vivo thermoregulatory temperature response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['radio frequency', 'RF']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']