abstract: AIMS: During epicardial electroanatomical mapping (EAM), it is difficult to differentiate between @entity82 and fat, as both exhibit @entity162 (BV). The purpose of this study was to assess whether unipolar voltage (UV), BV, and electrogram characteristics (EC) can distinguish @entity82 from viable myocardium and fat during epicardial EAM for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) ablation in @entity296 ( @entity296 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten @entity296 @entity1 (7 males, 56    13 years) with @entity1165 underwent epicardial EAM with real-time integration of computed tomography-derived epicardial fat and contrast-enhanced MRI-derived scar. @entity162 (filtered 30-400 Hz), UV (filtered 1-240 Hz), and EC (duration and morphology) were correlated with the presence of fat and scar. At sites devoid of fat, the optimal cutoff values to differentiate between scar and myocardium were 1.81 mV for BV and 7.95 mV for UV. @entity162 , UV, and electrogram duration >50 ms distinguished scar from myocardium in areas covered with <2.8 mm fat (all P < 0.001), but not >=  2.8 mm fat. In contrast, electrogram morphology-characteristics could also detect scar covered with >=  2.8 mm fat (P = 0.001). A newly developed three-step algorithm combining electrogram morphology, duration, and UV could correctly identify scar with a sensitivity of 75%. Unipolar voltage but not BV could detect intramural scar in the absence of fat. CONCLUSIONS: Both BV  <= 1.81 mV and UV  <= 7.95 mV are useful for detection of scar during epicardial EAM, in the absence of >=  2.8 mm fat. However, EC can be used to detect scar covered with fat. A newly developed algorithm combining UV and EC can differentiate between scar and viable myocardium. Unipolar voltage but not BV could detect intramural scar.

title: Epicardial substrate mapping for @entity1165 in @entity1 with XXXX : a new algorithm to differentiate between scar and viable myocardium developed by simultaneous integration of computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar voltage', 'attenuated bipolar voltage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy', 'NICM']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity5805 has been used for many years for the treatment of low-grade B-cell @entity1071 , including @entity6444 and low-grade @entity1893 . There is evidence in the literature that increasing the dose of @entity5805 produces better results than 'standard' doses in terms of response rates and overall survival. There is also evidence that this approach may be at least as effective as the use of @entity3118 , as well as being very much less expensive. We describe a high-dose @entity5805 (HDC) regimen, which involves a sustained but intermittent dose of @entity5805 , i.e. 30 mg/d for 4 d per week for 4 weeks, followed by a further four courses at fortnightly intervals for 8 weeks (a total of eight 4-d courses) given as a single drug over an initial 12-week period. The outcome of treatment in previously treated and untreated @entity1 was excellent, with a median time to treatment failure of 33 months for the @entity1 cohort overall and for previously treated and chemotherapy-naive @entity1 of 13 and 104 months respectively. In @entity1 previously treated with @entity3118 , 78% had a response. Autoimmune haemolytic @entity417 was reversed in one @entity1 . @entity137 , both haematological and other, was minimal. We propose that escalated-dose @entity5805 regimens should be compared with @entity3118 in randomized controlled trials, rather than 'standard' lower dose protocols.

title: High-dose XXXX for the treatment of @entity6444 and low-grade @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil', 'Chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5805 :: (MESH:D002699,Chemical) :: ['chlorambucil']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1124 is still poor. We analysed the factors that have a major influence on the survival of @entity1 . Surgical specimens from 51 @entity1 with @entity420 of the head of the pancreas were examined for @entity5 size, histological type, grade and local extension. In 7 @entity1 the retroperitoneal resection margin was involved either macroscopically or histologically. Their mean survival was 10.6 months (1-17 months), compared with 22.7 months for the 44 @entity1 with curative R0 resection. In 10 @entity1 large vessels (portal and/or mesenteric vein) had to be resected; they survived for only 2-11 months, with a mean of 5 months (P<0.05). Non-R0-resected @entity1 and @entity1 in whom @entity5 -invaded vessels had to be resected constitute a high-risk group with a significantly shorter mean survival of 8.8 months, compared with 24.3 months for R0 resected @entity1 without vessel invasion (P<0.05). Lymph node @entity3 were seen in 35 of 51 @entity1 . Survival analysis based on nodal status revealed a mean survival of 33 months for @entity1 staged as N0, 21.4 for N1a @entity1 and 14 month for N1b @entity1 . The differences were not statistically significant, however. Our data suggest that @entity5 invasion of the retroperitoneal resection margin and large vessel involvement are the major factors determining survival in @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: The retroperitoneal resection margin and vessel involvement are important factors determining survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX of the head of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Severe @entity28 is a major health problem affecting more than 1,000,000 @entity1 in Italy, with a 95% failure rate of nonsurgical treatments. We report our over five-years experience with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP), evaluating the postoperative course of the @entity1 undergoing 3 different gastro-esophageal @entity254 technique: Gagner procedure (87 cases) (34.8%), the purse-string approach (93 cases) (37.2%), robotic-assisted gastric bypass (68 cases) (27.2%) and by laparoscopic hand sewn @entity254 (2 cases) (0.8%). METHODS: Between October 2000 and February 2006, we performed LRYGBP on 250 @entity1 (77 male and 173 female aged from 16 to 65 years [mean age 43.1 years] and with an average body mass index of 51.1 kg/m(2) [35-99]). Comorbidities were: @entity101 , @entity2175 , @entity407 , @entity571 , chronic restrictive @entity338 , @entity387 , @entity1150 . RESULTS: The mean operative time was 142.3 min (80-420) with a mean hospitalization of 9.8 days (5-44). Eighteen major complications were recorded. There were no deaths. The mean percent excess body weight loss was 47.2+/-18.2% after 1 year (212 @entity1 ), 66.2+/- 19.4% after 2 years (178 @entity1 ), 78.2+/-12.4% after 3 years (139 @entity1 ), 80.6+/-11.7% after 4 years (101 @entity1 ), and 82.5+/-10.2% after 5 years (67 @entity1 ). Nearly all of the comorbidities were solved or improved. Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system results after 5 years were excellent, good or fair in 100% of the subject evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Although requiring the skill of an expert surgeon, LRYGBP is one of the most effective procedure available today to induce long-term weight loss, with limited nutritional risks and better prospects for improved quality of life.

title: Laparoscopic approach to morbid XXXX : personal experience of 250 gastric bypasses. Analysis of different techniques and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the properties of tablets containing granulations of @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) and Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer, Type B ( @entity21049 @entity43077 ) prepared by hot-melt processing. Tablets were compressed from granules prepared by hot-melt granulation (HMG) or direct compression (DC). For the hot-melt extrusion (HME) process, tablets were prepared by cutting the extrudate, manually. The physicochemical properties of tablets were investigated using thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, tablet hardness, and drug dissolution. The effect of thermal treatment of tablets on the dissolution characteristics of @entity12690 was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the @entity12690 lowered the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the @entity21049 @entity43077 and the softened polymer functioned as a thermal binder in the granulation. @entity12690 was demonstrated to be an effective plasticizer for @entity21049 @entity43077 in the thermal processes. The efficiency of the granulation process increased with increasing levels of @entity21049 @entity43077 in the powder blend. Higher levels of @entity21049 @entity43077 in the tablets prepared by HMG or HME resulted in a decrease in the dissolution rate of the @entity12690 . An increase in the amount of @entity12690 in the tablets prepared by HMG or DC led to a decrease in the initial dissolution rate of the @entity12690 . Following the thermal treatment of the @entity12690 tablets prepared by HMG, the dissolution rate was significantly decreased due to structural changes in the tablets that resulted from the fusion and coalescence of plasticized polymer particles, causing a reduction in tablet porosity. The @entity12690 tablets prepared by HME demonstrated minimal changes in their release properties following thermal treatment even at temperatures higher than the Tg of the polymer. HME was shown to be a novel method to prepare matrix tablets and stable dissolution properties were obtained when tablets were stored at 40 degrees C for 30 days.

title: Properties of tablets containing granulations of XXXX and an acrylic copolymer prepared by thermal processes.

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: The RNA1 of @entity15510 ) has been cloned as cDNA and the @entity377 sequence determined of 2 kb from the 3'-terminal region. The sequence contains three long open reading frames. One of these starts 5' of the cDNA and probably corresponds to the @entity1473 -terminal sequence of a 170-K protein encoded on RNA1. The deduced protein sequence from this reading frame shows homology with the putative replicases of @entity21104 ) and tricornaviruses. The location of the second open reading frame, which encodes a 29-K polypeptide, was shown by Northern blot analysis to coincide with a 1.6-kb subgenomic RNA. The validity of this reading frame was confirmed by showing that the cDNA extending over this region could be transcribed and translated in vitro to produce a polypeptide of the predicted size which co-migrates in electrophoresis with a translation product of authentic viral RNA. The sequence of this 29-K polypeptide showed homology with two regions in the 30-K protein of @entity21104 . This homology includes positions in the @entity21104 30-K protein where mutations have been identified which affect the transport of virus between cells. The third open reading frame encodes a potential 16-K protein and was shown by Northern blot hybridisation to be contained within the region of a 0.7-kb subgenomic RNA which is found in cellular RNA of infected cells but not virus particles. The many similarities between @entity15510 and @entity21104 in viral morphology, gene organisation and sequence suggest that these two viral groups may share a common viral ancestor.

title: The organisation and interviral homologies of genes at the 3' end of XXXX RNA1.

entities_list: @entity15510 :: ('12295', 'Species') :: ['tobacco rattle virus (TRV', 'TRV']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity21104 :: ('12242', 'Species') :: ['tobacco mosaic virus (TMV', 'TMV']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity15510 :: (12295,Species) :: ['tobacco rattle virus']


abstract: When @entity1460 @entity1460 Wayne seedlings are shifted from a normal growth temperature of 28 degrees C up to 40 degrees C ( @entity1457 or @entity8682 ), there is a dramatic change in protein synthesis. A new set of proteins known as @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) is produced and normal protein synthesis is greatly reduced. A brief 10-minute exposure to 45 degrees C followed by incubation at 28 degrees C also results in the synthesis of HSPs. Prolonged incubation (e.g. 1-2 hours) at 45 degrees C results in greatly impaired protein synthesis and seedling @entity204 . However, a pretreatment at 40 degrees C or a brief (10-minute) pulse treatment at 45 degrees C followed by a 28 degrees C incubation provide protection (thermal tolerance) to a subsequent exposure at 45 degrees C. Maximum thermoprotection is achieved by a 2-hour 40 degrees C pretreatment or after 2 hours at 28 degrees C with a prior 10-minute 45 degrees C exposure. @entity4250 treatment (50 micromolar for 3 hours) also induces the synthesis of HSP-like proteins, and also provides thermoprotection to a 45 degrees C @entity8682 ; thus, there is a strong positive correlation between the accumulation of HSPs and the acquisition of thermal tolerance under a range of conditions.During 40 degrees C @entity8682 , some HSPs become localized and stably associated with purified organelle fractions (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes) while others do not. A chase at 28 degrees C results in the gradual loss over a 4-hour period of the HSPs from the organelle fractions, but the HSPs remain selectively localized during a 40 degrees C chase period. If the seedlings are subjected to a second @entity8682 after a 28 degrees C chase, the HSPs rapidly (complete within 15 minute) relocalize in the organelle fractions. The relative amount of the HSPs which relocalize during a second @entity8682 increases with higher temperatures from 40 degrees C to 45 degrees C. Proteins induced by @entity4250 treatment are not selectively localized with organelle fractions at 28 degrees C but become organelle-associated during a subsequent @entity8682 at 40 degrees C.

title: Acquisition of Thermotolerance in XXXX Seedlings : Synthesis and Accumulation of @entity1457 Proteins and their Cellular Localization.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite', 'Arsenite']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max var']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Exacerbation and frequent rehospitalization in @entity1030 exacts a heavy toll on the US health care system. To address these issues, new initiatives have been proposed that are largely based on financial penalties to promote @entity1 education and postdischarge care. However, as laudable as these goals are, improving outcomes in the @entity1030 population is more confounding than it may first appear. @entity519 , @entity73 , poor nutrition, and economic disadvantage are just a few of the challenges that require creative solutions and ongoing support. Case managers need to utilize all the potential products and services that can assist in improving outcomes for these @entity1 . Durable medical equipment providers are often viewed as purveyors of medical equipment that offer little in the form of clinical support. However, in many cases these providers represent an overlooked resource that provides individualized, highly structured @entity1 education and ongoing support programs. The challenge is in identifying those durable medical equipment providers that offer @entity1 contemporary technology, and have both the resources and the commitment to provide @entity1 support that is amenable to the goals of the hospital. This article reviews many of the confounding issues that contribute to the frequent rehospitalization of @entity1030 @entity1 . Recommendations to improve @entity1 education and @entity26 therapy outcomes are provided along with suggestions to aid in the vetting of durable medical equipment providers. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING: Acute care hospitals, long-term acute care hospitals, extended care facilities, integrated delivery systems. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: 1. An understanding of the complex variables that play in the management of @entity1030 will help the case manager to plan an effective course of care. 2. Case managers need to ensure that @entity1 receive long-term @entity26 technology that supports their lifestyle, promotes compliance, and ultimately achieves the desired outcomes. 3. Case managers must advocate for coordinated, ongoing @entity1 education and stress the need for continuing reinforcement. 4. Case managers must ensure that @entity1 under their care be matched with durable medical equipment providers that provide the technology and support that favors positive clinical outcomes.

title: Reducing XXXX readmissions: the role of the durable medical equipment provider.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Historically, surgical formulas for the management of accommodative @entity5971 have been based on the residual deviation with full hypermetropic correction. This "standard surgery" has resulted in a high incidence of undercorrection. In response to the large number of undercorrections with standard surgery, the authors have devised a formula for augmenting the amount of rectus recession based on the average of the near deviation with and without correction. In this study, we compare augmented surgery to standard surgery in @entity1 who underwent bilateral medial rectus recessions for @entity5971 after prescribing full hypermetropic spectacle correction. Seventy @entity1 with acquired @entity5971 after 6 months of age, and @entity3467 of +3.00 or more, were retrospectively studied. Thirty of these @entity1 had undergone standard surgery, while 40 had augmented surgery. The follow up on each group was at least 1 year. Of the 30 @entity1 in the nonaugmented group, 22 (74%) had postoperative deviations of 10 prism diopters or less with 8 (26%) showing a significant undercorrection. Of the 40 @entity1 who received augmented surgery, 35 (88%) had postoperative deviations of @entity5975 or less and 5 (12%) were exotropic while wearing full hypermetropic correction. Of the 5 @entity1 with a consecutive exodeviation while wearing full hypermetropic correction, 2 corrected to orthotropia by reducing the spectacle correction by +1.50 diopters and +1.25 D (93% success), 2 were converted to orthotropia by removing +3.00 spectacle correction (97% success), and 1 continued to have an intermittent exodeviation even after removing spectacle correction. This brought the overall success rate for augmented surgery to 98%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Augmented surgery for @entity5971 associated with high XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['residual esotropia', 'esotropia']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hypermetropia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or @entity7743 blockers decrease postdiarrheal @entity1381 (D + HUS) sequelar @entity644 . However, @entity644 may persist in some @entity1 . In @entity8 other than D + HUS, an additive antiproteinuric effect with coadministration of both drugs has been observed. METHODS: To assess such an effect in D + HUS, 17 proteinuric @entity1 were retrospectively studied. After a median period of 1  year post-acute stage (range 0.5-1.9) @entity1 received @entity4688 alone for a median of 2.6  years (range 0.33-12.0) at a median dose of 0.4  mg/kg/day (range 0.2-0.56). As @entity644 persisted, @entity9886 was added at a median dose of 1.0  mg/kg/day (range 0.5-1.5) during 2.1  years (range 0.5-5.0). RESULTS: The decrease in @entity644 with @entity4688 was 58.0  %, which was further reduced to 83.8  % from the initial value after @entity9886 introduction. The percentage of reduction was significantly greater with the association of both drugs (p   =   0.0006) compared with the effect of @entity4688 exclusively (p   =   0.023). Serum @entity972 , glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adding @entity9886 to persisting proteinuric D + HUS @entity1 already on @entity4688 is safe and reduces @entity644 more effectively. Whereas this effect is associated with long-term kidney protection, it should be determined by prospective controlled studies.

title: Additive antiproteinuric effect of @entity4688 and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: PREFACE: The Asian race has a high prevalence of @entity4548 . It was reported that over 20% of Japanese @entity1 have @entity4548 at the age of 1 year. One of the structural causes of this condition is the development of @entity5769 , which attaches the lower eyelid to the upper eyelid, and is also common among Asians. However, designing a procedure for modifying an epicanthus flap is relatively difficult, and epicanthoplasty is not a popular procedure in Japan. In the present study, we developed an easy method of designing the surgery, and we describe both the surgical procedure and the outcome. CASES: Between January 2010 and August 2011, one surgeon performed surgery to correct @entity4548 in 28 @entity1 . We analyzed this series of 28 cases retrospectively. The @entity1 consisted of 17 females and eleven males with an average age of 7.6 years. Ten @entity1 with a thick epicanthal fold required epicanthoplasties in addition to lower lid procedures, and 18 @entity1 with a thin epicanthal fold required only lower lid procedures. SURGICAL METHOD: On the epicanthus, a small, triangular "fish-tail" flap that was 2 mm wide was designed and was located adjacent to a "fish-body" marking on the subciliary lower eyelid. After fish-tail resection, the residual medial edge was sutured to the corner of the epicanthus. A C-shaped epicanthus was changed into an L-shape by means of this procedure. RESULT: The fish-tail resection diminished the tension of the orbicularis in the superior direction. After a minimum of 6 months, the shape of the medial canthus remained L-shaped, and the cilia had stable orientations. CONCLUSION: This plasty is easy to design in conjunction with a Hotz procedure, and it is an effective means of correcting Asian @entity4548 . Recognizing the shape of a @entity4548 that is accompanied by @entity5769 is important for its radical treatment.

title: Fish-tail resection for treating XXXX in Asians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['congenital entropion']

entities_list: @entity5769 :: ('MESH:C565051', 'Disease') :: ['epiblepharon']

answer: @entity4548 :: (MESH:D004774,Disease) :: ['congenital entropion']


abstract: D1 @entity935 receptors were pharmacologically characterized and localized by quantitative autoradiography in the basal ganglia of male and female European starlings ( @entity6248 ). The D1 selective antagonist @entity10095 was used to label this receptor subtype. Starlings are songbirds and possess a neural circuit implicated in the learning and production of song. This circuit includes a sexually dimorphic nucleus, area X, that is a subregion of the parolfactory lobe of the basal ganglia and is known from work on zebra finches to receive dopaminergic input from the area ventralis of Tsai. We focused our investigation on the D1-like receptor subtype because they are abundant in the basal ganglia. Competition studies indicate that a variety of dopaminergic ligands compete with [3H] @entity10095 for the binding site in an order of potency characteristic of a D1-like receptor. Autoradiographic studies of the basal ganglia revealed high D1 receptor densities in the avian homologues of the caudate-putamen and relatively low-receptor densities were observed in the avian homologue of the globus pallidus. In male starlings, area X could be reliably discerned on the autoradiograms by the higher density of D1 receptors compared to the surrounding parolfactory lobe ( @entity38415 ). This was also true for females, though not as reliably as in males. When we compared the mean D1 receptor density in area X for males and females we did not find a significant sex difference. However, we also analyzed the data by comparing sex differences in the degree to which area X has a higher receptor density in comparison with the surrounding @entity38415 . When we normalized D1 receptor density in area X relative to the @entity38415 , we did find a significant sex difference. This sex difference in relative receptor density represents another neural sex difference in the song circuit that may mediate sex differences in the learning and production of song in starlings and other songbirds.

title: Characterization and localization of D1 XXXX receptors in the sexually dimorphic vocal control nucleus, area X, and the basal ganglia of European starlings.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Sturnus vulgaris']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The @entity805 ) P gene encodes three proteins: the P protein and two nonstructural proteins, C and V. Because the functions of both the C and V protein are unknown, we used MV C (C-) and V (V-) deletion recombinants generated by the MV reverse genetics system (F. Radecke, P. Spielhofer, H. Schnieder, K. Kaelin, M. Huber, C. Dotsch, G. Christiansen, and M. A. Billeter 1995. EMBO J. 14, 5773-5784). Compared to parental vaccine strain, Edmonston (Ed) MV, both had normal growth and cytopathic effects in Vero cells and showed similar growth kinetics in @entity1 @entity521 @entity1 cells and in primary @entity19 neurons expressing the MV receptor, @entity14900 . However, in vivo, using YAC- @entity14900 @entity19 as a model for MV induced @entity149 (M. B. A. Oldstone, H. Lewicki, D. Thomas, A. Tishon, S. Dales, J. Patterson, M. Manchester, D. Homann, D. Naniche, and A. Holz 1999. Cell 98, 629-640), C- and V- viruses differed markedly from wt Ed(V(+) @entity10235 . Newborn @entity19 inoculated with as little as 10(3) PFU of Ed strain became ill and died after 10-15 days. In contrast, those inoculated with 10(3) or 10(4) PFU of MV C- or MV V- showed significantly fewer and milder clinical symptoms and had a lower mortality. A total of 10(5) PFU @entity46655 were required to kill most YAC- @entity14900 @entity19 , and less than half (44%) were killed with a corresponding dose of MV C-. Immunohistochemical staining for MV antigens showed similar extents of spread for MV C- and MV Ed but restricted spread for MV V- throughout the brain. Viral load and transcription were markedly reduced for V- but not for C-. Multiple cytokines and chemokines were equivalently upregulated for all three viruses. Therefore, MV C and V proteins encode virulence functions in vivo and likely operate via separate mechanisms.

title: V and C proteins of XXXX function as virulence factors in vivo.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus (MV']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity805 :: (11234,Species) :: ['measles virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity309 ( @entity309 ), nurses are now increasingly involved in joint count assessment but training is not standardized. The aim was to evaluate and describe the learning curve of nurses for the assessment of swollen and @entity2720 in @entity309 . METHOD: Twenty nurses from university rheumatology centres inexperienced with joint counts were allocated to a rheumatologist from their centre (teacher). Acquisition of skills consisted of Phase 1: (training), a centralized 4hour training session, with (a) lecture and demonstration, and (b) practical sessions on @entity1 with their teachers, followed by Phase 2: (practice) involving further practice on 20 @entity1 in their own hospitals. Primary outcome was achievement of adequate swollen joint agreement between nurse and their teacher ("gold standard") at the "joint" level defined by prevalence adjusted biased adjusted kappa (PABAK)>0.60. Agreement at the " @entity1 " level of swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC) as well as DAS28 between nurse and their teacher were assessed with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: During the training phase, 75% of nurses achieved a swollen joint PABAK>0.60 when compared with their teachers, which further improved to 89% after the 20 practice @entity1 (Phase 2). Median swollen joint PABAK improved from 0.64 (Q1:Q3 0.55,0.86) to 0.83 (Q1:Q3 0.77,1) by the end of Phase 2. At the " @entity1 " level, SJC agreement remained globally stable (ICC, 0.52 to 0.66), while TJC and DAS28 agreement remained excellent throughout. CONCLUSION: Nurses inexperienced in joint counts were able to achieve excellent agreement with their teachers in assessment of tender and swollen joints through a short training session; practice further enhanced this agreement. Larger longitudinal studies are required to assess skills retention.

title: The learning curve of nurses for the assessment of swollen and XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['tender joints']


abstract: @entity580 ( @entity580 ) pose a worldwide problem. They primarily concern intensive care, hematology-oncology, and surgical units. Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococci, especially their subgroups possessing the ability to develop resistance to @entity3256 , and Enterococci have a particular role in the etiology of @entity580 . The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) values for @entity2176 and @entity11248 , two of the most commonly administered antibiotics in the treatment of @entity281 caused by Staphylococci resistant to @entity3256 , and @entity281 caused by Enterococci. The material analyzed included 200 bacterial strains collected from @entity1 treated in the Intensive Care Unit, the Musculoskeletal Infections Unit, and Surgical Clinics of the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland. The study was conducted in accord with the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria by means of the Etest   gradient strips. We demonstrate a full susceptibility of Staphylococci MSSA ( @entity3256 susceptible @entity794 ), Staphylococci @entity794 ( @entity3256 resistant @entity794 ), and Enterococci to both antibiotics. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci had a higher sensitivity to @entity2176 . @entity11248 had a lower @entity1987 than @entity2176 against the analyzed strains of Enterococci. As regards the coagulase-negative Staphylococci, @entity2176 had a lower @entity1987 than @entity11248 . In conclusion, the study confirmed current recommendations on the use of @entity2176 and @entity11248 in the treatment of @entity281 caused by gram-positive bacteria, emphasizing the need for the determination of @entity1987 values.

title: In vitro susceptibility of Staphylococci and Enterococci to @entity2176 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimal inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin', 'Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HAIs', 'Hospital-acquired infections']

answer: @entity11248 :: (MESH:D017334,Chemical) :: ['teicoplanin']


abstract: The aim is to investigate the effect of a comprehensive physical and psychosocial approach on functional outcome and cerebral @entity413 metabolism in @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ). Ten @entity1294 @entity1 participated in the study. They were diagnosed according to the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 and Association Internationale pour la Recherch   et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN) criteria and needed physical assistance in sit-to-stand transfer activities. Six were enrolled in a comprehensive program consisted of an individualized task-specific exercise regimen of transfer training and a psychosocial intervention program. The other 4 @entity1 participated in the control group. The programs were undertaken over a period of 2 months. Outcomes were the scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and on cerebral @entity413 metabolism determined by @entity419 positron emission tomography performed before and at the end of the program. The score on the transfer mobility subscale of the @entity177 increased at the end of the program in all @entity1 who received the comprehensive program. Regional @entity413 metabolism was increased in the right insular cortex at the end of the combined program. Control @entity1 showed no change in @entity177 score or regional cerebral metabolism. A combined approach may be associated with an increase in @entity413 metabolism of the right insula cortex in @entity1294 @entity1 .

title: Improved functional status by comprehensive physical and psychosocial approach through right insula activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['PSVaD', 'poststroke vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['poststroke vascular dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Athletes present a different category of the population. Trivial complaints may mask more serious illness, especially when the athlete is undergoing intensive training, and the function of his immune system may be sub-optimal. CASE PRESENTATION: A triathlete presented a few days after completing an Ironman race, complaining of lethargy, pleuritic @entity662 and @entity1277 . On examination he was afebrile, tachycardic and had decreased lower left lung air entry accompanied by crackling. A chest x-ray revealed @entity55 with a @entity55 . Blood tests were unremarkable. The athlete was treated with oral antibiotics, and was advised to stop exercise completely for eight weeks. He made a full recovery and completed further Ironman races within a year. CONCLUSION: The case highlights that clinicians treating elite endurance athletes must exclude severe @entity281 , even when the clinical signs are few or absent. The reason is that if these athletes continue to train, serious complications could ensue due to their compromised resistance to @entity281 .

title: Completing an ironman triathlon with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['para-pneumonic effusion', 'left-sided basal pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Single twitch fibers from frog leg muscles were isolated by dissection and micro-injected with furaptra, a rapidly responding fluorescent @entity141 indicator. Indicator resting fluorescence (FR) and the change evoked by an action potential (/\F) were measured at long sarcomere length (16  C); /\F/FR was scaled to units of /\fCaD, the change in fraction of the indicator in the @entity141 -bound form. /\fCaD was simulated with a multicompartment model of the underlying myoplasmic @entity141 movements, and the results were compared with previous measurements and analyses in @entity19 fast-twitch fibers. In frog fibers, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 release evoked by an action potential appears to be the sum of two components. The time course of the first component is similar to that of the entire @entity141 release waveform in @entity19 fibers, whereas that of the second component is severalfold slower; the fractional release amounts are ~0.8 (first component) and ~0.2 (second component). Similar results were obtained in frog simulations with a modified model that permitted competition between @entity1025 and @entity141 for occupancy of the regulatory sites on troponin. An anatomical basis for two release components in frog fibers is the presence of both junctional and parajunctional SR @entity141 release channels ( @entity8452 receptors [RyRs]), whereas @entity19 fibers (usually) have only junctional RyRs. Also, frog fibers have two RyR isoforms, RyRa and RyRb, whereas the @entity19 fibers (usually) have only one, @entity19340 . Our simulations suggest that the second release component in frog fibers functions to supply extra @entity141 to activate troponin, which, in @entity19 fibers, is not needed because of the more favorable location of their triadic junctions (near the middle of the thin filament). We speculate that, in general, parajunctional RyRs permit increased myofilament activation in fibers whose triadic junctions are located at the z-line.

title: Comparison of myoplasmic calcium movements during excitation-contraction coupling in frog twitch and XXXX fast-twitch muscle fibers.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1943 is one of the most extensively evaluated drugs in the prophylaxis of @entity788 after @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ), but its utility remains controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity1943 as prophylaxis of @entity10747 -induced acute @entity788 . A group of consecutive @entity1 that underwent @entity10747 in our endoscopy unit was prospectively studied for 8 months. @entity1 in this group were administered an endovenous bolus of 250 micrograms of @entity1943 immediately before introducing the catheter in the papilla of Vater ( @entity1943 group). This group was compared with another group composed of consecutive @entity1 who had undergone @entity10747 in the 8 previous months, without @entity1943 administration (placebo group). Both groups contained the same number of @entity1 . The following variables were recorded; sex, age, contrast injection in the duct of Wirsung, endoscopist, therapeutic maneuvers, and the development of @entity10747 @entity788 . RESULTS: During the 16 months of @entity1 inclusion, we performed 320 @entity10747 in our unit, of which 248 were included in the study: 142 in the @entity1943 group and 142 in the placebo group. Of these @entity1 , 152 (53.5%) were @entity1 and 132 (46.5%) were @entity1 . The mean age was 70.05 +/- 13.83 years (range: 27-93 years). Acute @entity788 occurred in 10 @entity1 in the @entity1943 group and in 5 in the placebo group; this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the remaining variables studied. CONCLUSION: @entity1943 does not seem to be useful in preventing @entity10747 acute @entity788 .

title: [Utility of bolus @entity1943 administration in preventing XXXX after @entity10747 : a controlled, non-randomized study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP', 'post-ERCP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Anterior third @entity2504 present with a variety of symptoms related to cerebrospinal fluid flow obstruction and mass effect. @entity2776 are among the most common lesions in the region. They usually present with @entity1276 , leading to @entity10 , vertigo, or, rarely, decreased mental status due to the development of acute @entity1276 . Many @entity1 become aware of their asymptomatic @entity2776 during imaging evaluation related to other conditions. Symptomatic cysts require removal, and larger asymptomatic @entity2776 (> 1cm) in younger @entity1 may also need to be excised despite a lack of symptoms. A variety of surgical routes have been described to access and remove @entity2776 . Endoscopic approaches are least invasive and provide adequate decompression and removal of the cyst wall. However, presence of ventriculomagaly may be necessary to provide adequate working space for endoscopic resection. Transcallosal interhemispheric and transcortical routes are typically reserved for @entity1 with symptomatic or large asymptomatic cysts without any significant @entity1276 . Transcortical route may carry a slightly increased risk of @entity410 due to cortical disruption. Interhemispheric transcallosal approach with the use of microsurgical techniques minimizes injury to normal structures. In this video, the author describes his technique for transcallosal resection of a large colloid cyst in the absence of significant @entity1276 . Methods to minimize complications are reviewed. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/KzC8QYsTKeg. (http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2013.V1.FOCUS12340)

title: Interhemispheric transcallosal route for resection of anterior third XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2776 :: ('MESH:D056364', 'Disease') :: ['Colloid cysts', 'colloid cysts']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity2504 :: (MESH:D002551,Disease) :: ['ventricular lesions']


abstract: Blind dissection of the @entity1494 during implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AMS 800) may lead to injury of either the bladder, genital tract or even the rectum. Significant @entity548 may occur. A posterior approach to the @entity1494 allowing visual control of the anatomical structures is described. From November 1995 to February 1998, 8 adolescents (12-19 years old) underwent AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter implantation for the treatment of severe @entity322 associated with neurogen bladder; one @entity1 had had a previous augmentation. Three had a simultaneous ileocystoplasty and another @entity1 had a simultaneous bilateral extravesical ureteric reimplant. The procedure consisted of separation of the bladder from the peritoneum, allowing the development of a dissection plane between the rectum and genital tracts posteriorly and the ureters and @entity1494 anteriorly; the dissection is extended to the base of the prostate. The endopelvic fascia is then incised laterally and on both sides the neurovascular bundles are perforated under visual control and the cuff is positioned safely around the @entity1494 , above the prostate and in front of the genital tract. The bladder was opened only in the case of associated ileocystoplasty, thus avoiding prolonged bladder drainage. The mean operating time was 2.5 hours and the @entity190 never exceeded 300 cc. This route was not found to be convenient in the case of the @entity1 with a previous augmentation; 7 sphincters function normally with a follow-up of 18 to 44 months; one was never activated and the @entity1 is dry under CIC. This route for exposure of the @entity1494 allows visual control of the anatomical structures, accurate positioning of the cuff, avoids bladder opening and reduces @entity548 . It can be used for other procedures such as @entity1494 suspension or M  llerian cavity removal.

title: [Posterior approach to the bladder for implantation of the 800 AMS artificial sphincter in XXXX and adolescents: techniques and results in eight @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several models (preoperative and postoperative) have been developed to predict @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1 with @entity1204 . The purpose of our investigation was to compare available models in a multicentre study. METHODS: In a cohort of 519 @entity1 with @entity1204 who had undergone primary hysterectomy and at least a pelvic lymphadenectomy, we compared the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs), calibrations, rates of false negatives (FN), and the number of @entity1 at low-risk for @entity1600 using ten different models (three preoperative and seven postoperative). RESULTS: In all, 17.5% of @entity1 among the study population (91 in 519) had @entity1600 . Only one of the three preoperative models and three of the seven postoperative models had an AUC >0.75. Six models were well calibrated. Eight models yielded an FN rate of <5%. Six models could assign more than a third of @entity1 to the low-risk group. One postoperative (a French nomogram) and one preoperative (the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group [KGOG]) model had an AUC >0.75, to yield an FN rate of <5%, and could assign more than a third of @entity1 to the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of the KGOG model to decide upon lymphadenectomy preoperatively in @entity1 with @entity1204 . For @entity1 who did not have lymphadenectomy, a French nomogram could be applied using pathological characteristics to decide on a secondary lymphadenectomy.

title: Evaluation of models to predict @entity1600 in XXXX : A multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LNM', 'lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity49 is a very common complication of central venous catheters inserted via the jugular or subclavian vein. The aim of this prospective study is to test the suitability of duplex sonography in detecting thrombi in the internal jugular vein after catheter removal and to analyze the number and extent of such @entity715 formations. The study group comprised 64 consecutive @entity1 with an average age of 59 +/- 16 years admitted to an internal intensive care unit. In 54 cases the catheters were removed under sonographic control. In 10 cases duplex sonography was carried out within 24 h after removal of the catheters. The data of 63 @entity1 were evaluated. In 40 @entity1 (63.5%), thrombi of varying extent were present in the jugular vein. No significant correlations were found between @entity715 formation and the basic disease, duration of cannulation, the type of catheters used, and the mode of heparinization (therapeutic vs. low-dose). Local @entity32 signs and local @entity1410 showed a significantly higher incidence (p < 0.01) in @entity1 with @entity715 formation. Duplex sonography lends itself as a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of @entity715 formation in the internal jugular vein after removal of central venous catheters. Sonographic examinations should be carried out in all long-stay @entity1 at an intensive care unit, in whom central venous catheters are inserted repeatedly via the internal jugular vein.

title: Duplex sonographic detection of internal jugular XXXX after removal of central venous catheters.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) causes @entity16 to change over time. @entity409 is common in @entity1 with @entity15 , and few studies have examined the changes in urodynamic patterns in these @entity1 over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and nature of urodynamic pattern changes in @entity1 with @entity15 who underwent two or more urodynamic studies. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) with well-documented @entity15 were referred to one urologist (T.B.B.) for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms. All @entity1 had undergone two or more urodynamic evaluations during a 14-year period for persistent or new symptoms, and a retrospective comparison was made among the urodynamic test results. RESULTS: Overall, 12 (55%) of 22 @entity1 experienced a change in their urodynamic patterns and/or compliance during a mean follow-up interval of 42 +/- 45 months between the urodynamic studies. Most @entity1 initially had urodynamic patterns showing @entity2182 , or detrusor hypocontractility. Fourteen (64%) of the 22 @entity1 studied had the same or worsening of the same symptoms and 8 (36%) of 22 had new urologic symptoms. Six (43%) of 14 @entity1 with no new symptoms and 6 (75%) of 8 with new symptoms had significant changes found with follow-up urodynamic testing. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity15 with and without new urinary symptoms will develop changes in their underlying urodynamic patterns and detrusor compliance. Therefore, urodynamic evaluations should be repeated at regular intervals in symptomatic @entity1 to optimize clinical management, reduce complications, and better enable these @entity1 to manage their neurogenic @entity1494 .

title: Urodynamic pattern changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia, detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: There is strong evidence that the composition of cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) influences brain development, neurogenesis, and behavior. The bidirectional exchange of @entity2841 and interstitial fluid (ISF) across the ependymal and pia-glial membranes is required for these phenomena to occur. Because ISF surrounds the parenchymal compartment, neuroactive substances in the @entity2841 can influence neuronal activity. Functionally important neuroactive substances are distributed to distant sites of the central nervous system by the convection and diffusion of @entity2841 , a process known as volume transmission. It has recently been shown that pathologically altered @entity2841 from @entity1 with @entity131 suppresses in vitro neuronal network activity (ivNNA) recorded by multielectrode arrays measuring synchronously bursting neural populations. Functionally relevant substances in pathologically altered @entity2841 have been biochemically identified, and ivNNA has been partially recovered by pharmacologic intervention. It remains unclear whether the in vivo parenchymal compartment remains unaffected by pathologically altered @entity2841 that significantly impairs ivNNA. We hypothesize that pathologic @entity2841 alterations are not just passive indicators of @entity75 but that they actively and directly evoke functional disturbances in global brain activity through the distribution of neuroactive substances, for instance, secondary to focal @entity16 . For this mechanism, we propose the new term @entity75 ( @entity75 ). Recording ivNNA in the presence of pure @entity1 @entity2841 could help to identify and monitor functionally relevant @entity2841 alterations that directly result in VTEs, and the collected data might point to therapeutic ways to antagonize these alterations.

title: Volume transmission-mediated XXXX : a possible new concept?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'brain diseases', 'volume transmission-mediated encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report treatment of pediatric @entity1 with @entity231 , and evaluate the efficiency of different surgical interventions. METHOD: This study comprised a consecutive series of pediatric @entity1 with congenital or developing @entity231 who received surgery between 1993 and 2002 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. @entity1 ' demographics, @entity231 type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-nine eyes of 246 @entity1 were included; unilateral @entity231 was present 21.8% of the eyes. The age at surgery was ranged from 1 to 157 months. Eyes were grouped by surgical interventions performed: Group 1 included 98 eyes that had lensectomy. Group 2 included 89 eyes that had lensectomy and secondary intraocular lens implantation. Group 3 included 212 eyes that had lensectomy with primary intraocular implantation. The mean follow up time was 41.3 months. Finally, 23.1% group 1 @entity1 , 42.1% group 2 @entity1 , and 63.4% group 3 @entity1 achieved visual acuity better than 20/60 (P=0.000). Upon analysis with multifactor regression, age at onset (P=0.011) was the only significant factor related to visual outcome. Complications such as after @entity231 and @entity726 occurred in 21.6% and 5.8% of all @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular lens implantation for @entity1 with congenital or developing @entity231 is an effective treatment for @entity227 , even for those @entity1 age 2 years and younger.

title: Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Terminalia belerica (behada) fruit has been evaluated as a promising agent against @entity2330 and a variety of bacteria associated with @entity294 . These in vitro studies were extended further for evaluating clinical efficacy among @entity1 of acute and chronic cases of @entity294 and dysentery. The Studies were carried out on 25 @entity1 by five medical practitioners practicing at different clinics in the urban areas of Pune. The data was collected as per the protocol given to the concerned clinicians. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were critically followed. Record of @entity1 ' history, clinical evaluations and investigations like stool, urine examination were carried out where necessary.The maximum treatment period was 14 days and the dose was 150 mg. tablets of bioactive fraction three times a day. 11 out of 12 @entity1 responded to therapy and required around twelve tablets for recovery. Seven @entity1 having the presence of cyst of amoeba, @entity526 etc. became negative at the end of treatment. Improvement started on second day. No side effects of any nature were observed.

title: Clinical evaluation of terminalia belerica in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['dysentery and diarrhoea', 'diarrhoea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: AIM: To determine the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in joint space width (JSW) progression in @entity1 with @entity570 ( @entity571 ), based upon evaluation by a panel of clinical experts as a gold standard. METHODS: A sample of 298 @entity1 with hip @entity571 was selected from a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal, 3-yr follow-up study. A pelvic radiograph was obtained at entry and after 3 yr. For each film, the narrowest JSW was measured using a 0.1-mm graduated magnifying glass. The difference between baseline and 3-yr follow-up JSW was calculated. Two senior rheumatologists, who were experts in @entity571 , evaluated each pair of films and noted whether a clinically relevant deterioration in @entity571 stage occurred at 3 yr compared with baseline. Interobserver reliabilities were evaluated using the kappa coefficient and proportions of agreements. Then, for each measured difference in JSW (0.1 mm per 0.1 mm), the sensitivity and specificity for @entity922 , defined as the assessment of expert 1, expert 2 or a combination of both, were calculated. This allowed us to obtain, from graphic representations of the correct classification probabilities, the best measured JSW threshold, with the maximal true positive and the minimal false positive results. RESULTS: The mean measured change in JSW was -0.63 +/- 0.74 mm. Experts 1 and 2 considered the decrease in JSW to be clinically relevant in 122 (40.9%) and 100 pairs (33.6%) respectively. The proportion of agreements between the experts was 79.9%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.572. The best measured JSW threshold was -0.4 mm for expert 1, expert 2 and the combination of both; sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 and 0.8, 0.71 and 0.72, and 0.75 and 0.7 respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a change of at least 0.4 mm in the radiological JSW could be considered clinically relevant. Other studies using other sets of @entity1 and other methods are needed for validation.

title: Relevant change in radiological progression in @entity1 with XXXX . II. Determination using an expert opinion approach.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 (SRL) has some dermatologic complications including @entity31351 , @entity4 , @entity7809 , and onychopathy. However, controlled studies reporting the prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity74 are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and clinical spectrum of @entity74 in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) receiving SRL and to compare the findings with those in RTRs not receiving SRL. METHODS: Fifty RTRs (35 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; mean age, 34.6    11.6 yr) receiving SRL, 50 RTRs (36 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ; mean age, 34.4    11.3 yr) not on SRL were screened for @entity74 . RESULTS: In RTRs receiving SRL, @entity272 (78%) was the most common @entity74 followed by @entity2117 (50%) and @entity31351 (46%). @entity2025 (14%) and @entity19857 (38%) were significantly more common in RTRs on SRL (p < 0.05); the frequencies of @entity4 , @entity7809 , acne, and longitudinal nail ridging were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). LIMITATIONS: This study had a small sample size. The investigator was not blinded to immunosuppressive treatment protocols. CONCLUSION: Renal transplant recipients receiving SRL are more likely to develop @entity2025 than those not taking SRL. Whereas, they are not more prone to @entity4 , @entity7809 , acne, or longitudinal nail ridging.

title: @entity74 in renal transplant recipients receiving XXXX -based immunosuppressive therapy: a prospective, case-control study.

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous ulceration']

entities_list: @entity31351 :: ('MESH:D017486', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform eruptions', 'acneiform eruption']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['facial hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic dermatitis and herpes simplex virus infections', 'Herpes simplex virus infections']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disorder', 'mucocutaneous disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The investigation of @entity385 etiology is commonly limited to the heart and extracranial vessels. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of @entity932 may carry important therapeutic implications. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ) in a sample of @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted to a university-based outpatient @entity64 clinic underwent CT angiography of the intracranial and extracranial brain vessels. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics were compared between @entity1 with increasing levels of @entity850 . @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ) was measured to quantify peripheral @entity455 , defined as an @entity3681   less than or equal to   .9. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was constructed to predict increasing @entity850 grades (none, 1%-49%-mild, 50%-69%-moderate, 70%-100%-severe). RESULTS: We studied 106 subjects, mean age 62        15 years, 54% female. @entity4522 was present in 38 (36%) @entity1 : 19 (50%) mild, 7 (18%) moderate, and 12 (32%) severe. Of 74 @entity1 where @entity3681 was measured, low @entity3681 was found more frequently with increasing @entity4522 severity (26%, 42%, 67%, and 89% of @entity1 with none, mild, moderate, and severe @entity4522 , respectively). In univariable analysis, higher age, presence of @entity6 , @entity1144 , and low @entity3681 correlated with increasing @entity850 grades. In multivariable analysis, only low @entity3681 remained independently associated with increasing @entity850 grades. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3681 is independently associated with increasing severity of @entity4522 , making it a potentially useful triaging tool for more invasive test selection.

title: Low Ankle-Brachial Index is a Simple Physical Exam Sign Predicting @entity4522 in @entity385 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'Ankle-brachial index']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis', 'ICAS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The development of @entity63 tolerance in the brain, whereby a brief period of sublethal 'preconditioning' @entity63 attenuates injury from subsequent severe @entity63 , may involve the activation of multiple intracellular signaling events that promote neuronal survival. In this study, the potential role of inducible DNA base-excision repair (BER), an endogenous adaptive response that prevents the detrimental effect of oxidative DNA damage, has been studied in the @entity35 model of @entity63 tolerance produced by three episodes of @entity63 ( @entity63 ). This paradigm of @entity63 , when applied 2 and 5 days before 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), significantly decreased @entity1188 volume in the frontal-parietal cortex 72 h later. Correlated with this protective effect, @entity63 markedly attenuated the nuclear accumulations of several oxidative DNA lesions, including @entity20821 , AP sites, and DNA strand breaks, after 2-h @entity2500 . Consequently, harmful DNA damage-responsive events, including NAD depletion and @entity10740 activation, were reduced during postischemic reperfusion in preconditioned brains. The mechanism underlying the decreased DNA damage in preconditioned brain was then investigated by measuring BER activities in nuclear extracts. Beta-polymerase-mediated BER activity was markedly increased after @entity63 , and this activation occurred before (24 h) and during the course of @entity63 tolerance (48 to 72 h). In similar patterns, the activities for AP site and @entity20821 incisions were also upregulated after @entity63 . The upregulation of BER activities after @entity63 was likely because of increased expression of repair enzymes beta-polymerase, AP endonuclease, and @entity46204 . These results suggest that the activation of the BER pathway may contribute to @entity63 -induced neuroprotection by enhancing the repair of endogenous oxidative DNA damage after @entity63 .

title: Ischemic preconditioning in the XXXX brain enhances the repair of endogenous oxidative DNA damage by activating the base-excision repair pathway.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'IP', 'ischemia', 'ischemic', 'ischemic preconditioning']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal @entity378 is very rare in European countries. However, its incidence is increasing due to the continued immigration of @entity1 from endemic areas affected by @entity378 . CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of @entity17289 in a 46-year-old male @entity1 from North Africa. The presenting symptoms of the disease were @entity11637 , @entity2210 , @entity448 , and @entity353 . Physical examination revealed an abdominal distension that suggested the presence of @entity843 . Subsequent investigations of ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of massive @entity843 . A diagnostic laparoscopy went on to highlight a macro micronodular degeneration of the peritoneum. Histological examination showed the presence of epithelioid granulomas with typical Langhans cells with areas of caseous @entity39 . The diagnosis of @entity17289 was then made, and the @entity843 quickly disappeared in response to the anti-mycobacterial therapy. The @entity1 remained free of symptoms after 6 months of clinical follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this case the clinical diagnosis was complicated and delayed due to clinicians' suboptimal knowledge of and experience with this disease. This case demonstrates why laparoscopy with peritoneal biopsy should be the gold standard in any clinical suspicion.

title: Complicated and delayed diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity17289 :: (MESH:D014395,Disease) :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity9147 /P) is one of the most common @entity154 , with a complex and still not fully understood etiology. Given the important role of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway during craniofacial development, we decided to test the hypothesis that common polymorphic variants of the genes encoding crucial components of this signaling pathway might contribute to the risk of @entity9147 /P in the Polish population. METHODS: A set of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APC, @entity21125 , @entity18609 , @entity3546 , @entity18678 , and @entity9459 genes were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism and high-resolution melting curve methods in a group of 280 @entity1 with @entity9147 /P and a properly matched control group (n = 330). RESULTS: Both single-marker and haplotype analyses showed an association between SNPs in the @entity18678 gene and the risk for @entity9147 /P. The strongest association was found under an overdominant model for the @entity45143 variant located in the exonic sequence of @entity18678 (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.62; p < 0.0001). Moreover, the gene-gene interaction analysis revealed a significant epistatic interaction between @entity18678 gene SNPs in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. Borderline association with a decreased risk of @entity9147 /P was also observed for the @entity18609 @entity45144 variant (dominant model OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that polymorphic variants of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway genes have a role in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. The @entity18678 and @entity18609 genes might be candidate genes for this @entity2122 in the Polish population. @entity600 Research (Part A), 2012.

title: Association of @entity18678 and @entity18609 gene polymorphisms with cleft lip with or without XXXX in a Polish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsyndromic cleft lip']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine @entity2779 's effectiveness in terminating and suppressing @entity943 using meta-analytic techniques. Published abstracts and manuscripts with these goals were selected and data abstracted on conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm. Data were pooled using standard meta-analytic techniques and analyzed according to observation times, trial design (randomized versus nonrandomized), and route of drug administration. @entity2779 successfully terminated 83.8% (95% confidence interval 78.1-89.7%) of @entity4710 . For @entity4710 , the proportion of @entity1 remaining in sinus rhythm without recurrent @entity943 was 64.6% (58.1-71.1%) at 1 year. The likelihood of converting a paroxysm of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) increased over time, with 76.1% (72.8-79.4%) of @entity1 in sinus rhythm 24 hours after initiation of therapy. @entity1 receiving intravenous therapy were more likely to convert to sinus rhythm in the first 4 hours after drug administration. The treatment benefit of @entity2779 versus placebo in converting sinus rhythm was greatest in the first 8 hours after treatment (treatment benefit of 31.5% [24.5-38.5%] at 4 hours and 32.9% [24.3-41.5%] at 8 hours, p <0.01). This treatment benefit decreased to 1 1.0% (-0.6-22.4%) after 24 hours. @entity2779 was effective in suppressing recurrences of @entity955 in 55.4% (51.3-59.7%) at 6 months and 56.8% (52.3-61.3%) at 12 months. Thus, @entity2779 is effective in terminating @entity4710 and @entity955 in the vast majority of @entity1 . Suppression of @entity943 recurrences is feasible in most @entity1 , although its effectiveness decreases over time.

title: @entity2779 for the treatment of XXXX and @entity955 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (Hsps) were first identified as proteins whose synthesis was enhanced by stresses such as an increase in temperature. Recently, several of the major Hsps have been shown to be intimately involved in protein biogenesis through a direct interaction with a wide variety of proteins. As a reflection of this role, these Hsps have been referred to as molecular chaperones. Hsp70s interact with incompletely folded proteins, such as nascent chains on ribosomes and proteins in the process of translocation from the cytosol into mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. @entity48351 also binds to unfolded proteins, preventing aggregation and facilitating protein folding. Although less well defined, other Hsps such as @entity48352 also play important roles in modulating the activity of a number of proteins. The function of the proteolytic system is intertwined with that of molecular chaperones. Several components of this system, encoded by heat-inducible genes, are responsible for the degradation of abnormal or misfolded proteins. The budding @entity375 @entity375 has proven very useful in the analysis of the role of molecular chaperones in protein maturation, translocation, and degradation. In this review, results of experiments are discussed within the context of experiments with other organisms in an attempt to describe the current state of understanding of these ubiquitous and important proteins.

title: XXXX proteins: molecular chaperones of protein biogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity3746 (RLNP) is one of the most common complications after thyroidectomy. We aim to evaluate the role of intraoperative corticosteroids in preventing or treating postoperative RLNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 295 @entity1 who underwent either total lobectomy or total thyroidectomy with or without using intraoperative corticosteroids. All cases were operated on by the same surgeon. Measurement of the RLNP rate was based on the number of nerves at risk. Data were analyzed for differences in postoperative temporary or permanent RLNP rate and recovery days. RESULT: The rate of temporary/permanent RLNP was 5.7% (11 out of 194)/0.52% (1 out of 194) and 6.9% (12 out of 173)/0.58% (1 out of 173) according to groups with and without corticosteroids. This difference did not reach statistical significance. Among those 23 @entity1 who recovered from RLNP, the mean time to recovery was significantly shorter for @entity1 receiving intraoperative @entity230 (28.6 vs. 40.5 days, P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: A single dose of intraoperative corticosteroids did not produce any benefit in terms of reducing the postoperative temporary/permanent RLNP rate, but it did shorten the recovery time for @entity1 suffering from temporary RLNP.

title: The efficacy of intraoperative corticosteroids in recurrent XXXX after thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']


abstract: AIM: The aim of our study was to identify clinicopathological predictors of survival among @entity1 undergoing potentially curative resections for @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1987-March 2004, 1074 @entity1 have been submitted to curative gastric resection for @entity356 (647 males and 427 females, mean age, 65 +/- 12, min 22, max 92). The surgical procedure consisted of 289 (27%) total and 785 (63%) subtotal gastrectomies. The extent of lymph node dissection was limited D1 (n = 376, 35%) or extended D2 (n = 578, 54%) and D3 (n = 12, 1%); no lymphadenectomy was performed in 108 (10%) cases. The pathological nodal status has been defined based on the number of involved lymph nodes (N1: 1 to 6 positive nodes; N2: 7 to 15 positive nodes; N3: more than 15 positive nodes). The distribution of N stage was: N0 = 278 (26%), N1 = 344 (32%); N2 = 215 (20%); N3 = 129 (12%). Univariate analyses were performed for gender, age, pT stage, pN stage, @entity5 site, @entity5 size, and extent of lymphadenectomy. Significant factors were then entered into a Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median number of examined lymph nodes was 17 (mean, 18). Overall, 688 (64%) of @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 . Of these @entity1 , the median number of involved nodes was 2 (mean, 6). In the univariate analysis age, pT stage, pN stage, @entity5 size, and extent of lymphadenectomy were found to be significant factors. In the multivariate analysis T stage, N stage, and extent of lymphadenectomy were all independent predictors of survival. The median and mean survival time were 69 and 87 months, respectively. Overall survival was 80%, 51% and 40% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: T stage, N stage, and extent of lymphadenectomy were all independent predictors of survival in @entity1 submitted to curative gastric resections.

title: [Prognostic factors of XXXX : experience with 1,074 cases undergoing surgical treatment at a single center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have revealed that fucosylated therapeutic IgG1s need high concentrations to compensate for @entity4071 -competitive inhibition of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) by endogenous human plasma IgG. Here, we investigated whether @entity137 of nonfucosylated therapeutic IgG1 is also influenced by plasma IgG in the same way as fucosylated IgG1s. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ex vivo @entity137 upon @entity2225 + @entity1 B cells was induced by incubation of @entity1 whole blood with nonfucosylated and/or fucosylated anti- @entity2225 IgG1s rituximab, and quantified by measuring the remaining @entity1075 + @entity1 B cells using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Nonfucosylated anti- @entity2225 showed markedly higher (over 100-fold based on EC50) ex vivo B-cell depletion activity than its fucosylated counterpart in the presence of plasma IgG. The efficacy of fucosylated anti- @entity2225 was greatly diminished in plasma, resulting in the need for a high concentration (over 1.0 microg/mL) to achieve saturated efficacy. In contrast, nonfucosylated anti- @entity2225 reached saturated @entity137 at lower concentrations (0.01-0.1 microg/mL) with much higher efficacy than fucosylated anti- @entity2225 in all nine donors through improved @entity4071 binding. Noteworthy, the high efficacy of nonfucosylated anti- @entity2225 was inhibited by addition of fucosylated anti- @entity2225 . Thus, the efficacy of a 1:9 mixture (10 microg/mL) of nonfucosylated and fucosylated anti- @entity2225 s was inferior to that of a 1,000-fold dilution (0.01 microg/mL) of nonfucosylated anti- @entity2225 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that nonfucosylated IgG1, not including fucosylated counterparts, can evade the inhibitory effect of plasma IgG on @entity137 through its high @entity4071 binding. Hence, nonfucosylated IgG1 exhibits strong therapeutic potential through dramatically enhanced @entity137 at low doses in @entity1 in vivo.

title: Nonfucosylated therapeutic IgG1 antibody can evade the inhibitory effect of serum immunoglobulin G on @entity137 through its high binding to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['FcgammaRIIIa']


abstract: CONTEXT: Concurrent chemoradiation is presently the standard of care in locally advanced @entity5 of the cervix uteri. But accelerated radiotherapy regimes have not been investigated much. AIMS: We conducted a randomized trial to compare the results of pure accelerated radiotherapy given as six fractions weekly to standard chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 @entity1 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective, phase III trial in which 106 @entity1 of locally advanced (stage II and III) @entity189 were randomized into two arms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study arm (ART) received 50 Gy accelerated radiotherapy in 25 fractions, six fractions weekly; while control (CRT) arm was treated with concurrent chemoradiation 50 Gy in 25 fractions with weekly injection @entity900 . This was followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT; total dose of 85 Gy to point A) in both the arms. Fifty-one @entity1 completed treatment in the ART arm and 50 @entity1 in the CRT arm. In these @entity1 , response to treatment, @entity137 , and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between both the arms. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Survival analysis was done using Kaplan.Meier estimates, logrank test was used to compare differences, while proportions were compared using the @entity16043 's t-test. RESULTS: At a median follow.up of 36. months there was no difference between the two arms in terms of OS. (61 vs 62%,P = 0.9009) as well as DFS. (60 vs 64%,P = 0.6411) CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated radiotherapy given as six fractions per week is an effective alternative to concomitant chemoradiation in locally advanced @entity189 and has shown lesser @entity137 in our study.

title: Can pure accelerated radiotherapy given as six fractions weekly be an option in locally advanced XXXX : Results of a prospective randomized phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma cervix']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma cervix']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) may progress to @entity16 . Determining clinical predictors of @entity16 assessed by radiography is important. The aim of this study was to determine clinical factors as possible predictors for @entity16 in hands and feet of @entity5144 @entity1 with a 12-month follow-up. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 53 @entity5144 @entity1 who were taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and/or @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 -blockers at a fixed dosage. The @entity1 were observed in 118 follow-up visits (intervals of 12 months    3 months), according to a clinical and radiological protocol which included the documentation of the number of swollen and @entity2720 in hands and feet, the applied therapy, @entity1569 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and global health assessment. Outcome was defined as radiographic damage of hands and feet (Ratingen score). For the statistical analysis the Chi-Square test for 2x2 crosstables (with Fisher's correction, as required) was used. RESULTS: Progressive @entity16 was more frequent among @entity1 with an increasing swollen joint count (8 of 26 visits; 30.8%) than among those with a stable or decreased number of swollen joints (5 of 89 visits; 5.6%; p=0.001). The analysis of the @entity1 stratified into the different treatment modalities resulted in a significant higher rate of radiological progress (20.8%) in @entity1 on DMARD therapy compared with @entity310 blocking agents (0%) (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: During a 12-month follow-up of @entity5144 @entity1 , an increasing number of swollen joints heralds progression of @entity16 . @entity310 -blocker therapy appears to be superior to DMARDs in the protection from radiological progress.

title: Swollen joint count in XXXX is associated with progressive @entity16 in hands and feet.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage', 'radiological damage']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'Psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To adapt and validate a Spanish-language version (SV) of the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) to facilitate its use in Spanish-speaking contexts. @entity1 AND METHODS: The methods recommended by the International Quality of Life Assessment Project were followed. Two forward translations and 1 back translation of the NIHSS were developed to ensure lingual and cultural equivalence. A final revised SV-NIHSS was administered by 8 physicians to @entity1 with @entity64 in 3 clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from September 2003 to December 2003. RESULTS: The study included 102 @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 73.3+/-6.5 years; 56% @entity1 ) with @entity64 (86% ischemic). The SV-NIHSS mean baseline score was 9.78+/-7.04. Interrater reliability was Independently evaluated for 98 @entity1 , showing a high agreement: kappa, 0.77 to 0.99 for the 15 items; interrater correlation coefficient, 0.991 (95% confidence Interval, 0.987-0.994). Intrarater reliability was excellent: kappa, 0.86 to 1.00 for the 15 items; mean intrarater correlation coefficient, 0.994 (95% confidence interval, 0.991-0.996). Construct validity was also adequate; the SV-NIHSS had a negative correlation with baseline Glasgow @entity772 Scale (Spearman coefficient = -0.574, P < .001) and with Barthel index at 3 months (Spearman coefficient = -0.658, P < .001). @entity1 with different Rankin scores at 3 months also had significantly different baseline SV-NIHSS scores, from a mean of 4.29+/-2.21 for Rankin score of 0 to a mean of 29.40+/-3.97 for Rankin score of 6 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: This study shows that a Spanish-language version of the NIHSS developed with internationally recommended methods is reliable and valid when applied in a Spanish-speaking setting.

title: Spanish cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the National Institutes of Health XXXX Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity244 may be fatal if untreated. Because @entity244 is suspected to be underdiagnosed in @entity1 , the authors wished to assess the frequency of overlooked diagnosis and to establish pertinent findings that could lead to early identification of pediatric @entity244 . The authors performed multiple literature searches seeking pediatric @entity1 with @entity244 (age = 20 years or younger). A total of 30 @entity1 was found, and the authors added a new @entity1 . Each case report had its clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data, diagnostic method, and outcome analyzed. Of 31 @entity1 , 16 were female and 15 male; the median age +/- S.D. was 11 +/- 6.5 years. The most frequent underlying disorder was @entity5 in 11. Thirteen @entity1 died undiagnosed, 16 recovered with @entity9138 therapy (eight with sequelae), and two died of @entity281 soon after @entity9138 replacement was initiated. Only six presented with the @entity244 clinical triad (mental status changes, ocular signs, and @entity2055 ) at neurologic onset; nine eventually demonstrated this triad. The high rate of @entity1 diagnosed only at postmortem examination (41.9%) confirms that @entity244 is underdiagnosed in @entity1 . @entity9138 therapy is warranted if any component of the @entity244 triad is present in an appropriate clinical setting.

title: Early diagnosis of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiamine', 'thiamine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's encephalopathy"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Wernicke's encephalopathy']


abstract: Due to an ever-aging population and a growing prevalence of @entity170 and motor vehicle accidents, the number of @entity173 is increasing worldwide. The choice of the appropriate implant continues to be critical for fixation of unstable @entity173 . The subtrochanteric region has certain anatomical and biomechanical features that can make @entity174 in this region difficult to treat. The preferred type of device is a matter of debate. Increased understandings of biomechanical characteristics of the hip and improvement of the implant materials have reduced the incidence of complications. The surgeons choose between the two methods according to Seinsheimer's classification and also to their personal preferences. As a general principle, the open reduction and internal fixation were performed in stable @entity174 , and the closed reduction and internal fixation were performed in unstable @entity174 . The advantages of intramedullary nailing consist in a small skin incision, lower operating times, preservation of fracture @entity1410 and the possibility of early weight bearing. The disadvantages consist in a difficult closed reduction due to important muscular forces, although the nail can be used as a reduction instrument, and higher implant cost. In open reduction internal fixation techniques, the advantage is represented by anatomical reduction which, in our opinion, is not necessary. The disadvantages are represented by: higher operating time, demanding surgery, large devascularization, higher infection rates, late weight bearing, medial instability, refracture after plate removal and inesthetic approach.

title: Intramedullary osteosynthesis versus plate osteosynthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'subtrochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['subtrochanteric fractures']


abstract: @entity49377 , an analog of @entity6546 and a potent oxidizing agent, was found to irreversibly inactivate porcine muscle @entity1920 kinase. Inhibition was prevented by competitive inhibitors or substrates, indicating that the action of ferrate was site-specific. Inactivation was accompanied by the loss of @entity2569 -25 and Tyr-95. @entity49378 (10(-7) M), a powerful competitive inhibitor, gave 50% protection to the enzyme from @entity49379 inactivation. No loss of @entity669 or @entity462 residues was observed under conditions of total protection. The degree of inactivation was proportional to the amount of Tyr-95 destroyed. However, @entity2569 -25 was totally oxidized when only 55% inactivation had occurred. Partially inactivated enzyme exhibited a Km for @entity855 and @entity860 similar to that of the untreated enzyme. It appears that @entity2569 -25 may be proximate to a @entity1391 -binding site but is not directly involved in the catalytic reaction. The results suggest that Tyr-95 is located in the vicinity of a @entity1391 -binding region of @entity1920 kinase and is essential for enzyme activity.

title: Inactivation of muscle XXXX kinase by site-specific destruction of @entity669 95 using @entity49377 .

entities_list: @entity49378 :: ('MESH:C012275', 'Chemical') :: ["P1,P5-di(adenosine 5')-pentaphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity49377 :: ('MESH:C044384', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium ferrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']