abstract: Intussusception is rarely reported in adult @entity1 with @entity3052 . We report a case of intussusception in a 29-year-old @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). She developed right lower @entity158 , @entity221 , and @entity391 on day 16 of induction chemotherapy. Physical examination showed tenderness and guarding at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed distension of the cecum and ascending colon, which were filled with loops of small bowel, and herniation of the ileocecal valve into the cecum. We proceeded to laparotomy and revealed @entity3473 with the ileocecal valve as the leading point. The terminal ileum was thickened and invaginated into the cecum, which showed gangrenous changes. Right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic examination of the colonic tissue showed infiltration of leukemic cells. The @entity1 recovered after the operation and was subsequently able to continue treatment for @entity3052 . This case demonstrates that the diagnosis of intussusception is difficult because the presenting symptoms can be non-specific, but abdominal CT can be informative for preoperative diagnosis. Resection of the involved bowel is recommended when @entity5 is suspected or confirmed. Intussusception should be considered in any @entity1778 @entity1 presenting with acute abdomen. A high index of clinical suspicion is important for early diagnosis.

title: Rare case of intussusception in an adult with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal intussusception']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) and @entity632 - @entity900 (AP) chemotherapy in @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1204 having a maximum of 2 cm of postoperative @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred twenty-two @entity1 were entered onto this trial. Of 396 assessable @entity1 , 202 were randomly allocated to receive @entity1661 , and 194 were allocated to receive AP. Irradiation dosage was 30 Gy in 20 fractions, with a 15-Gy boost. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity632 60 mg/m2 and @entity900 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for seven cycles, followed by one cycle of @entity900 . RESULTS: Most @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were well balanced. The median @entity1 age was 63 years; 50% had @entity5 . Median follow-up time was 74 months. The hazard ratio for progression adjusted for stage was 0.71 favoring AP (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91; P < .01). At 60 months, 50% of @entity1 receiving AP were predicted to be alive and disease free when adjusting for stage compared with 38% of @entity1 receiving @entity1661 . The stage-adjusted death hazard ratio was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89; P < .01) favoring AP. Moreover, at 60 months and adjusting for stage, 55% of AP @entity1 were predicted to be alive compared with 42% of @entity1661 @entity1 . Greater acute @entity137 was seen with AP. Treatment probably contributed to the @entity204 of eight @entity1 (4%) on the AP arm and five @entity1 (2%) on the @entity1661 arm. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy with AP significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with @entity1661 . Nevertheless, further advances in efficacy and reduction in @entity137 are clearly needed.

title: Randomized phase III trial of @entity1661 versus @entity632 and @entity900 chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endometrioid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['whole-abdominal irradiation', 'WAI']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Because of inconsistency among previous reports that examined neuropsychological function and treatment response of @entity3119 @entity1 , we here consider the heterogeneity of @entity3119 ; for example: symptom-based clusters, degree of insight, age of onset, and comorbid diagnoses. In this study, we examined neuropsychological function and the treatment response of @entity3119 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity3119 @entity1 participated in this study. We examined their clinical symptoms by Y-BOCS, MOCI and other scales, and examined their cognitive function with several neuropsychological tests including: WAIS-R, Stroop test, WCST, WMS-R and R-OCFT. We then randomly assigned them to three treatment packages including: behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy by @entity3755 , and controlled therapy. The @entity1 were divided into two groups by duration of illness: short to middle range group (Group S, n=17, 5.5+/-3.1 years), and long range group (Group L, n=15, 20.3+/-6.1 years). The mean age of Group L was higher than that of Group S (Group S: 30.6+/-9.7 years old, Group L: 36.1+/-6.2 years old). There was no significant group difference in sex ratio or number of years of education. The mean age of onset of Group L was significantly lower than that of Group S (Group S; 25.5+/-10.2 years old, Group L; 15.3+/-7.1 years old). The total Y-BOCS mean score and MOCI score showed no group differences. These two groups showed similar clinical characteristics such as the severity of OC symptom, OC subtypes, and comorbid @entity308 . Group S, however, demonstrated significantly more obsession with the need for correction. Group L had significantly higher levels of @entity148 and @entity3119 . There were also no group differences in the mean HDRS or STAI scores. As a result, compared to Group S, Group L showed significant @entity71 in the Stroop test and the WMS-R though other @entity409 such as intellectual level, executive function, verbal memory, and nonverbal memory were found in this group. Concerning treatment response, Group L showed little improvement by pharmacotherapy. Behavior therapy brought significant improvement to all @entity1 of both groups. Long duration of the illness might cause @entity71 and a lowered pharmaceutical response in @entity3119 @entity1 .

title: [Duration effect on neuropsychological function and treatment response of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsion', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['OCD']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify misdiagnostic points of @entity2698 ( @entity2698 ) of the head and neck. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed our clinical records from 2000 to 2007 retrospectively and identified 5 @entity1 with @entity4306 of the head and neck. The records of each @entity1 with @entity135 were evaluated for age, sex, location of primary, clinical course, treatment, and @entity5 embolization (if performed). Pathologic slides of all @entity1 were reviewed to identify histologic features and correlation with the clinical course and outcome for @entity75 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 with @entity4306 that arose from head and neck sites were identified. Five @entity1 included 3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 aged 9 to 52 years, with an average of 33.2 years. Each lesion of the @entity1 derived from different parts of the head and neck. The most common complaints were painless mass (3 of 5) and nasal airway obstruction (3 of 5). Magnetic resonance imaging of the 3 @entity1 reflected hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and hypointense on T1-weighted imaging with diffuse enhancement after intravenous administration of @entity2287 . Angiography was performed to all these 3 @entity1 , and only 1 @entity1 with cranial @entity4306 involvement did not show significant vascularity. Two @entity1 had preoperative histopathologic results. All @entity1 were operated on with appropriate approach. Pathologic slides of all @entity1 were investigated and graded according to the @entity5 diameter, cellularity, mitotic rate, and @entity39 . CONCLUSION: Differential diagnosis of clinical features and radiologic and pathologic aspects must be managed more carefully. Diagnostic way of these @entity5 has different pitfalls for the clinician.

title: XXXX : diagnostic contradictions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck HP']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas', 'HPs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['each lesion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and neck hemangiopericytomas']


abstract: @entity1 islets of Langerhans were isolated from the pancreata of 13 adult organ donors, cultured for 24 h, cryopreserved, stored in liquid @entity1568 at -196 degrees C for 6-88 days, thawed, and then cultured again. The number of islets recovered after this procedure was 80% of that present at the beginning. The viability of cultured/cryopreserved islets was then compared with that of islets from the same donor cultured for 24 hr, and was assessed by supravital staining, insulin response to @entity413 , and survival after implantation under the kidney capsule of nude @entity35 . Supravital staining showed more nonviable cells in cryopreserved islets than in their cultured counterparts. Significant response to @entity413 was seen before and after cryopreservation in 2 of 4 sets of islets. Xenografts of 200 cultured islets (from 13 donors) were implanted in 15 nude @entity35 under the kidney capsule, and a further 15 @entity35 had cryopreserved islets (from the same 13 donors) similarly implanted beneath the kidney capsule. Two weeks later tissue was visible at the site of implantation in all 30 @entity35 . Histological examination of both groups showed the tissue to have the morphology of islets, confirmed by immunohistochemical chemical localization of insulin. The insulin content of kidneys bearing 200 cultured islets was 7.88 +/- 1.6 mU (n = 13) versus 6.84 +/- 1.43 mU (n = 13) for kidneys bearing cryopreserved islets. Thus this technique for cryopreservation of isolated adult @entity1 islets enables a high recovery of endocrine tissue that survives after transplantation to nude @entity35 , but some evidence of damage was apparent from insulin secretion studies and electron-microscopic studies.

title: Survival of cryopreserved isolated adult XXXX pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The dissolved organic matter ( @entity13304 ) in soils is essentially defined by the way in which it is obtained. Therefore, we need to understand as to how pre-treatment of a soil will affect the characteristics of @entity13304 , since this fraction may be strongly influenced by a soil's water content. The effect of two different pre-treatments on @entity13304 from the A-horizons of a large variety of ecosystems and regions were compared. In both cases the soils were allowed to air-dry. In one case the air-dried soil was directly extracted ( @entity195 ), while in the other case it was preincubated for 1 week at 50% of its water holding capacity (INCU). @entity195 is simpler, but INCU brings the soil, and especially its microbial population, back to a standardised state, which is more representative of the usual state in the field. Both methods are used whenever an adjustment of the soil water content is essential to compare different regions or to eliminate short term weather effects. A significant regression indicated that the dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ) extracted from INCU samples was only 20% of @entity195 @entity4420 . Both the absorptivity (UV absorption divided by @entity4420 ) of 86% of the samples, and a fluorescence emission spectrum based Humification Index in all cases increased as a result of preincubation. This would indicate that labile compounds released during drying were metabolised during the incubation. However, the magnitude of this increase varied, and no correlation with soil organic and microbial @entity505 , pH, or texture could be detected. The results show that @entity13304 extracted from @entity195 and INCU soils is not comparable and that the differences are mainly due to the impact of air-drying on the microbial activity.

title: Quantity and spectroscopic properties of soil dissolved organic matter ( XXXX ) as a function of soil sample treatments: air-drying and pre-incubation.

answer: @entity13304 :: (MESH:D004290,Chemical) :: ['DOM']


abstract: A significant number of @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), suggesting the role of preload overload. Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity5691 (CO) might be a contributing factor for increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in these @entity1 . @entity1 aged 6-20 years with @entity740 stages 2-4 were enrolled. Echocardiograms were performed to assess LV function and geometry at rest and during exercise. Heart rate, @entity64 volume, and CO were also assessed at rest and during exercise. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) monitoring was performed. Of the @entity1 enrolled in this study, 17% had @entity4346 . Increased @entity64 volume and CO were observed in @entity1 with @entity4346 compared to @entity1 without @entity4346 . Univariate analysis revealed significant positive associations between LVMI and CO, @entity64 volume, body mass index, pulse pressure from mean 24-h AMBP, and mean 24-h systolic BP load. No association with heart rate, age, @entity461 , glomerular filtration rate, or @entity417 was observed. Only CO (beta = 1.98, p = 0.0005) was independently associated with increased LVMI in multivariate modeling (model R (2) = 0.25). The results of this study suggest that increased CO might predispose to increased LVMI in pediatric @entity1 with @entity740 . Adaptations may be required to meet increased metabolic demand in these @entity1 .

title: Cardiac output and associated @entity4346 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['pediatric chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity370 is a benign disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the formation of noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity738 . Although a @entity66 , it primarily affects the lung and the lymphatic system of the body. When a histological diagnosis is required, bronchoscopy is frequently employed because allows tissue sampling from several anatomic sources, such as airways, lung parenchyma and hilar/mediastinal nodes. @entity358 ( @entity358 ), endobronchial biopsies (EBB) and conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) have long been the only bronchoscopic techniques to diagnose @entity738 , until the advent of endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). This technique shows excellent yield in sampling mediastinal adenopathies with a higher sensitivity than the conventional technique in @entity370 as well. Furthermore, non controlled studies, demonstrated its diagnostic superiority than EBB and @entity358 in stages I (hilar adenopathies only) and II (hilar lymph nodes and parenchymal infiltrations) thoracic @entity370 . In a recent study, Gupta et al., randomized 130 @entity1 with suspected stage I and II disease to undergo EBUS-TBNA or cTBNA in conjunction with transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies. The Authors demonstrated that the yield of cTBNA added to EBB and @entity358 is similar to EBUS-TBNA plus transbronchial biopsies, although ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration shows the best single diagnostic efficacy. In this review article we aimed to discuss the findings by Gupta in the context of medical literature, highlighting the importance of adding nodal aspirations (with or without ultrasound guidance) with bronchial and transbronchial samples to gain the optimal sensitivity in obtaining histological confirmation. We finally pointed out the need for future studies to evaluate the potential role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of needle aspirates in reducing additional sampling and related costs and complications.

title: Bronchoscopy in XXXX : union is strength.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'sarcoid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['TBLB', 'Transbronchial lung biopsies']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: AIM: It is uncertain whether hypocalcaemia is associated with an increased risk of @entity548 . This study assessed the dose-related relationship between ionised @entity460 concentrations and in vitro clot strength measured by maximum amplitude (MA) on the thromboelastograph (TEG). METHODS: A total of 610 @entity1 who were at risk of @entity548 or had active @entity548 between 2010 and 2014 were considered in this retrospective cohort study. A scatter plot with Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and multiple linear regression was used to assess the dose-related relationship between ionised @entity460 concentrations and MA on the TEG. RESULTS: The mean ionised @entity460 of the @entity1 was 1  10   mmol   L(-1) (interquartile range: 1  04-1  17) and 235 (38  5%) of them had hypocalcaemia (<1  1   mmol   L(-1) ). Hypocalcaemia was more common in @entity1 with significant coexisting @entity1003 . Ionised @entity460 concentrations (r   =   0  285, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0  211-0  356, P   =   0  001), as well as @entity2002 concentrations, platelet counts, international normalised ratio (INR) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), had a significant linear correlation with the MA on the TEG. Ionised @entity460 concentrations and its interaction term with platelet count were both significantly associated with the MA on the TEG (slope of the regression line 1  1 per 0  1   mmol   L(-1) increment, 95%CI 0  3 to 1  9, P   =   0  011), after adjusting for @entity2002 concentrations, platelet counts, INR and aPTT. CONCLUSIONS: Ionised @entity460 concentrations had a concentration-dependent association with in vitro clot strength after adjusting for other @entity854 in @entity1 with coexisting @entity1003 . Maintaining a normal ionised @entity460 concentration, >1   mmol   L(-1) , during critical @entity548 is recommended.

title: Concentration-dependent effect of hypocalcaemia on in vitro clot strength in XXXX at risk of @entity548 : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Metabolic imaging may contribute to a better knowledge of the biology of @entity0 and to new drugs development. Positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiolabeled @entity413 analogue 2- @entity419 ( @entity419 ) allows quantitative assessment of @entity413 utilization in @entity5 tissue. This technique utilizes a class of radioisotopes that decay by emitting a positron. The positron travels a short distance (1 mm) before interacting with an electron in what is called an annihilation reaction. This results in the creation of two high-energy photons that are emitted in opposite directions. The PET scanner detects such annihilation radiations and produces a three-dimensional picture of the distribution of the radiolabeled tracer. @entity419 PET has currently a limited role in @entity0 , due to its low sensitivity that makes it not recommended in most of the cases, especially in @entity66 . Potentially, the most useful application of PET/CT is monitoring the changes in @entity419 uptake during chemotherapy in order to detect an early response to treatment. In fact, while morphological changes due to effective chemotherapy are not detectable until late in the course of treatment, metabolic changes generally occur earlier. In this paper, we summarize the current and future applications of PET in the management of @entity0 .

title: Whither the PET scan? The role of PET imaging in the staging and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is responsible for snakebite fatality in Indian subcontinent and in south-western China. @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ; EC 3.1.1.4) is one of the toxic components of snake venom. The present study explores the mechanism and rationale(s) for the differences in anticoagulant potency of two acidic @entity3900 isoenzymes, Nk- @entity18470 (13463.91 Da) and Nk- @entity7098 (13282.38 Da) purified from the venom of N. kaouthia. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: By LC-MS/MS analysis, these @entity7098 showed highest similarity (23.5% sequence coverage) with @entity3900 III isolated from monocled cobra venom. The catalytic activity of Nk- @entity7098 exceeds that of Nk- @entity18470 . Heparin differentially regulated the catalytic and anticoagulant activities of these Nk- @entity3900 isoenzymes. The anticoagulant potency of Nk- @entity18470 was comparable to commercial anticoagulants @entity1229 , and heparin/antithrombin-III albeit Nk- @entity7098 demonstrated highest anticoagulant activity. The anticoagulant action of these @entity7098 was partially contributed by a small but specific hydrolysis of plasma phospholipids. The strong anticoagulant effect of Nk- @entity18470 and Nk- @entity7098 was achieved via preferential, non-enzymatic inhibition of @entity6236 (Ki = 43 nM) and @entity556 (Ki = 8.3 nM), respectively. Kinetics study suggests that the Nk- @entity3900 isoenzymes inhibit their "pharmacological target(s)" by uncompetitive mechanism without the requirement of phospholipids/ @entity141 . The anticoagulant potency of Nk- @entity7098 which is higher than that of Nk- @entity18470 is corroborated by its superior catalytic activity, its higher capacity for binding to @entity2434 , and its greater strength of @entity556 inhibition. These @entity3900 isoenzymes thus have evolved to affect haemostasis by different mechanisms. The Nk- @entity7098 partially inhibited the @entity556 -induced aggregation of @entity1 platelets suggesting its therapeutic application in the prevention of unwanted clot formation. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In order to develop peptide-based superior anticoagulant therapeutics, future application of Nk- @entity18470 and Nk- @entity7098 for the treatment and/or prevention of @entity65 are proposed.

title: Two acidic, anticoagulant @entity3900 isoenzymes purified from the venom of monocled cobra Naja kaouthia exhibit different potency to inhibit XXXX and @entity6236 via phospholipids independent, non-enzymatic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: The aim of our study is to better understand the maxillary involvement in relation to the mandibular deformation in @entity4802 ( @entity4802 ). To do so, consecutive @entity1 with @entity4802 treated at The @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2000 to 2012 were included in our study. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses of the bony and sinus structures of the midface and mandible were performed using three-dimensional segmentation software. @entity1 were stratified into groups based on the Kaban-Pruzansky classification--mild (0-1), moderate (2A), and severe (2B-3)--as well as rank ordering based on overall severity. Analyses involved paired t-tests within severity groups, 1-way analysis of variance when assessing across groups (ipsilateral/contralateral ratio), and regression to assess for trends. Thirty @entity1 were included (4 mild, 12 moderate, and 14 severe). The mandibular volume ratio differed across all @entity1 groups (P < 0.001) and trended with rank order (P < 0.001). No significant difference in maxillary bony volume ratio was found across all @entity1 groups (P = 0.16). In @entity1 with severe disease, the maxillary bone volume was found to be significantly decreased on the ipsilateral side as compared with the contralateral side (P = 0.0123). There was no difference in maxillary sinus volume between ipsilateral and contralateral sides within any @entity1 groups or in comparing across groups (P = 0.10). No significant trend was found in the volume ratio of mandible and maxilla (P = 0.41). To conclude, the maxillary sinus seems to show no difference in volume when comparing between laterality and severity groupings. These findings suggest that there may be alternative influences other than the vascular insult acting as the driving force behind the mandibular deformity and the additional classic clinical findings of @entity4802 .

title: Maxillary involvement in XXXX : an objective three-dimensional analysis of the craniofacial skeleton.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['HFM', 'hemifacial microsomia']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['hemifacial microsomia']


abstract: We have performed a phase IB study of @entity14018 complexed with @entity5731 and @entity5224 ( @entity26438 ) in combination with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) in 25 @entity1 with a variety of @entity5 . @entity1 received weekly or biweekly @entity26438 by i.m. injection, at doses ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/m2, for 1 month. This was followed by 2 months of outpatient therapy with biweekly i.m. @entity26438 in combination with @entity1199 (3 x 10(6) units/m2) given i.v. by 24-h continuous infusion twice weekly, using a portable infusion pump. No objective @entity5 responses were observed. @entity137 was moderate at all @entity26438 doses tested and increased only slightly following the addition of @entity1199 . No increases in peripheral blood natural killer (NK) activity were observed after treatment with @entity26438 alone. However, high dose @entity26438 (greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/m2) in combination with @entity1199 resulted in NK activity greater than that seen using the same dose of @entity1199 in combination with lower @entity26438 doses. Increases in the number and percentage of @entity2940 + cells were evident only after initiation of @entity1199 therapy and were unaffected by the @entity26438 dose. In the majority of @entity1 , these increases were preferentially associated with the subset of @entity2940 + cells coexpressing @entity405 , while the @entity2940 +/ @entity4071 + population was elevated to a lesser extent. Moderate increases in serum neopterin levels and @entity11932 synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were noted at 72 h following initial treatment with 1.0 mg/m2 @entity26438 . No induction of alpha or gamma interferon was detected. This study shows that the addition of @entity26438 to a well tolerated @entity1199 regimen can significantly enhance NK activity. @entity26438 can be used to enhance @entity1199 -induced NK lytic activity without increases in the dose and, therefore, the @entity137 of @entity1199 treatment.

title: @entity14018 complexed with @entity5731 and XXXX in combination with @entity1199 in @entity1 with @entity5 : clinical and immunological effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26438 :: ('MESH:C019531', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly-ICLC', 'poly-ICLC']

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5224 :: (MESH:D002266,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']


abstract: Field studies were conducted in a @entity579 , @entity579 ., agroecosystem in Mwea Kenya to compare the efficiency of @entity515 -baited Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps against nonbaited CDC light traps and gravid traps against oviposition traps in outdoor collection of @entity2957 Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoes. Collectively, 21 mosquito species from the genera Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia, Ficalbia, and Aedes were captured during the 10-wk study period. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in all trap types with proportions ranging from 57% in the nonbaited CDC light traps to 95% in the gravid traps. Significantly higher numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Culex annulioris Theobald were collected in the @entity515 -baited CDC light traps than in the nonbaited CDC light traps, but the numbers of other mosquito species, including @entity311 vectors Anopheles arabiensis Patton and @entity314 Giles did not differ significantly between the two trap types. More Cx. quinquefasciatus females were collected in grass infusion-baited gravid traps than egg rafts of this species in oviposition traps containing the same infusion. Although most mosquitoes captured in CO,-baited and nonbaited CDC light traps were unfed, most of those collected in gravid traps were gravid. From these findings, it is concluded that at least in the @entity579 -growing area of Mwea Kenya, @entity515 -baited CDC light traps in conjunction with gravid traps can be used in monitoring of Cx. quinquefasciatus both for control and disease surveillance.

title: Evaluation of four sampling techniques for surveillance of @entity2957 (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoes in African XXXX agroecosystems.

entities_list: @entity314 :: ('62324', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles funestus']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa L', 'rice']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The rate of hydatidiform mole in our country oscillates from 1:144 to 1:552 pregnancies. We report the second case of hydatidiform mole coexisting with a spontaneous multiple pregnancy (three fetuses and one hydatidiform mole). The @entity1 was a 34 year old @entity1 . She had not received hormonal therapy for @entity3206 . At 13th weeks of gestation she presented vaginal spotting and @entity7494 . An ultrasonographic examination revealed three living fetuses and the multiple cystic echo typical of an hydatidiform mole. At 14 weeks of pregnancy she was diagnosed to have clinical symptoms of severe @entity1468 . We did not have an adequate response to the antihypertensive drugs and the @entity1 underwent therapeutic termination of the pregnancy. The thyroid hormones were in normal levels. The serum beta-hCG was up to 500,000 mU/ml. Two fetuses were female weighing 55 g. each one. One fetus was male weighing 50 g. All of them had a normal karyotype. The @entity1 development a @entity1469 . These have been only three reports of @entity1475 in triplet pregnancy with two fetuses. These cases were pregnancies occurring after ovulation inducing therapy. We analyzed the clinical aspects and treatment of hydatidiform mole coexisting with multiple pregnancy.

title: [Multiple (quadruple) pregnancy involving XXXX and 3 fetuses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['complete hydatidiform mole']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['complete hydatidiform mole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between left ventricular mass index and @entity460 metabolism in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional case-control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with essential @entity101 and 20 healthy individuals were compared with respect to calciotropic hormones, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and urinary and serum biochemical parameters. The correlations between @entity6685 , @entity560 , and @entity175 levels and LVMI and blood pressure elevation were determined. RESULTS: The @entity6685 level was significantly higher (p=0.006) and @entity560 level was significantly lower (p=0.01) in the @entity1 group compared with the control group. However, the two groups were similar in terms of albumin-corrected @entity460 levels, which were within the normal range (p=0.988). The serum @entity1372 (p=0.014) and urinary @entity460 (p=0.003) levels and LVMI (p<0.01) were also significantly higher in the @entity1 group. No significant correlations were determined between ambulatory blood pressure and @entity6685 and @entity560 levels, but a significant correlation was found between LVMI and @entity6685 level (p=0.06) in @entity101 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Essential @entity101 alters @entity460 metabolism, causing calciuresis by @entity3489 . @entity6685 release increases to compensate for this, and leads to protein synthesis, which in turn provokes the development of @entity1283 .

title: Correlation between Left Ventricular Mass Index and @entity460 Metabolism in @entity1 with Essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['Parathormone', 'parathormone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: IgE plays a central role in @entity56 . Some anti-IgE antibodies (HMK-12, 6HD5) inhibit the binding of IgE to the FcepsilonRI of mast cells/ @entity32651 cells (PT-18, RBL/2H3), but less inhibition is seen with the anti-allotypic JKS-6 and the anti-idiotypic Eb-1. Anti-IgE HMK-12 can detach bound IgE molecules from the FcepsilonRI. When mast cells or basophils were incubated with monoclonal anti-DNP-IgE SPE-7, washed and treated with anti-IgE HMK-12, anti-IgE/IgE complexes were found in the supernatant. Similar results were obtained with the Fab fragment of HMK-12. @entity19 injected with anti-DNP-IgE SPE-7 and later with DNP-BSA had the typical systemic anaphylactic shock. However, if they were injected with the anti-IgE antibody (HMK-12) before the challenge, they did not get an anaphylactic shock. In the sera of @entity19 injected with monoclonal IgE SPE-7 and anti-IgE antibody (HMK-12), IgE/anti-IgE complexes were detected. No passive @entity2021 occurred if the @entity35 were injected with anti-IgE antibodies before the challenge. In summary, anti-IgE antibodies can remove IgE antibodies from the FcepsilonRI; anti-IgE/IgE complexes can be detected in vitro and in vivo, and anti-IgE antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated systemic or local anaphylactic reactions.

title: Rat monoclonal anti-murine IgE antibody removes IgE molecules already bound to mast cells or XXXX cells, resulting in the inhibition of systemic anaphylaxis and passive @entity2021 .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity32651 :: ('MESH:D015471', 'Disease') :: ['basophilic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity32651 :: (MESH:D015471,Disease) :: ['basophilic leukemia']


abstract: HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens were investigated in 127 Polish @entity1 with @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) followed-up for the median time of 11 years (minimum 7 years). HLA typing was performed using the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing technique and the microlymphocytotoxicity test. Histopathologic @entity3441 categories and a response to therapy were analyzed according to particular HLA associations. The results were compared with 330 healthy individuals. In @entity3441 @entity1 , we observed an increased frequency of HLA- @entity6103 , @entity4106 /7, @entity7922 and DQ8, whereas HLA-DR13, DR15, DQ5 and DQ6 were decreased. In minimal @entity1985 , a relationship with HLA- @entity4106 , @entity6103 , @entity4106 /7 and @entity7922 was found. Evolved from minimal changes, @entity628 was associated with HLA- @entity6103 , while primary @entity628 with HLA-DR4 and DQ8. In @entity134 -dependence and secondary @entity134 -resistance, an increased frequency of HLA- @entity4106 , @entity6103 , @entity4106 /7 and @entity7922 was documented. In contrast, primary @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 was associated with HLA-DR4 and DQ8. @entity134 -dependent @entity1 bearing HLA- @entity4106 achieved longer remissions after @entity5805 therapy compared with HLA- @entity4106 -negative. In @entity134 -resistant @entity628 , a reduced response to @entity205 was associated with HLA-DR4. Associations with HLA differentiate between pathoanatomic entities of @entity3441 and may influence a response to immunosuppressive therapy.

title: XXXX in Polish @entity1 - its variants and associations with HLA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['change nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: @entity788 has a dismal prognosis also after resection with a 5 years' survival of about 5% in operated @entity1 . The main clinical issue in @entity1 with a @entity5 is to identify the ones that would benefit from a surgical treatment. Resectability of @entity788 has not an absolute value and the possible advantages in terms of prognosis and quality of life should be balanced with surgical mortality and morbidity. For this reason the management of this disease involves a multidisciplinary approach and the surgeon should join with the other specialists in experienced oncology centers. En exhaustive evaluation of the following prognostic factors should be made pre and intra-operatively to better define life expectancy with or without resection: Histotype: endocrine @entity5 and @entity7157 have, in general, a better prognosis, Staging: JPS classification has a better prognostic value if compared to the UICC. Completeness of the resection. Biological characteristics of the @entity5 . The main variables to be considered for the exeresis are: Size and local growth of the @entity5 (also considering the involvement of vessels, retroperitoneum and pancreatic capsule). Liver or peritoneal metastases: for this laparoscopy has a key role for staging. Histologic confirmation: differential diagnosis with @entity1689 is sometimes difficult and every attempt should be made to have a pre-operative histology. Vascular invasion is one of the main contraindications to surgery and an exhaustive evaluation of vascular involvement should be considered mandatory. Lymph nodal involvement, in general, represents a negative prognostic factor even if Japanese authors claim that a radical resection can be performed in case of positive nodes in the peripancreatic area, if a complete lymphadenectomy is carried out.

title: [Feasibility of exeresis. Controversial aspects in the surgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prevalence and correlates of early smoking were investigated among schoolchildren in grades 4-6 living in multiethnic, @entity258 in Montreal. METHODS: As part of the evaluation of a school-based heart health promotion program, baseline data on the prevalence of early smoking were collected from 2285 students aged 9-13 years in 24 inner-city elementary schools during May-June 1993. RESULTS: Overall, 28.7% of @entity1 and 20.3% of @entity1 had smoked. @entity1 began trying later than @entity1 , but by age 13 the prevalence of experimental or regular smoking by @entity1 overtook that of @entity1 . Univariately, ever smoking varied considerably by family origin, from 2.1% among Vietnamese @entity1 , to 35.8% among Portuguese @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, age, perceived smoking habits of friends, and smoking by family members, were strong correlates of smoking. Being of Asian family origin was negatively associated with smoking. None of the indicators of social class were significantly associated with ever smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevention should begin with @entity1 even younger than age 9 in multiethnic, low-income, @entity389 . With the exception of a lower prevalence of smoking among Asian @entity1 , ethnicity and social class were not strong influences on early smoking behavior in this population.

title: Prevalence and correlates of early smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income neighborhoods']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner-city neighborhoods']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['inner-city neighborhoods']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of biomarkers as predictors of drug effects, toxicology protocols continue to rely on the experimental evidence of adverse events (AEs) as a basis for establishing the link between indicators of safety and drug exposure. Furthermore, biomarkers may facilitate the translation of findings from animals to @entity1 . Combined with a model-based approach, biomarker data have the potential to predict long-term effects arising from prolonged drug exposure. Here, we used @entity1623 as a paradigm to explore the feasibility of a biomarker-guided approach for the prediction of long-term AEs in @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: An experimental toxicology protocol was set up for evaluating the effects of @entity1623 in @entity35 , in which four active doses were tested (7.5, 15, 40 and 80   mg  kg(-1) ). In addition to AE monitoring and histology, a few blood samples were also collected for the assessment of drug exposure, TXB2 and @entity1421 levels. Non-linear mixed effects modelling was used to analyse the data and identify covariate factors on the incidence and severity of AEs. KEY RESULTS: Modelling results showed that besides drug exposure, maximum @entity1421 inhibition and treatment duration were also predictors of gastrointestinal @entity1066 . Although @entity1421 levels were clearly linked to the incidence rates, it appeared that @entity1066 severity is better predicted by measures of drug exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results show that the use of a model-based approach provides the opportunity to integrate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and @entity137 data, enabling optimization of the design, analysis and interpretation of toxicology experiments.

title: Model-based prediction of the acute and long-term safety profile of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) may represent ongoing @entity887 phenomenon and is a predictor of recurrent @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack. We sought to study the frequency of @entity7303 in @entity64 @entity1 with large @entity432 treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or @entity117 . METHODS: @entity1 participating in the Fraxiparine in @entity385 (FISS)-tris study were recruited. @entity7303 detection was performed from middle cerebral artery on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after randomization. The correlation between the presence of @entity7303 and the treatment was determined by the chi(2) test. RESULTS: Among 47 @entity1 , 26 were randomized to LMWH and 21 to @entity117 . On day 1, @entity7303 were detected in 10 @entity1 (7/26 on LMWH, 3/21 on @entity117 ; P= .475). On day 3, 12 @entity1 had @entity7303 (7/25 on LMWH, 5/20 on @entity117 ; P= .821). On day 7, 11 @entity1 had @entity7303 (6/25 on LMWH, 5/20 on @entity117 ; P= .938). The median of the number of @entity7303 on days 1, 3, and 7 was 4 (range 1-10), 5 (range 1-42), and 3 (range 1-33) for the LMWH group and 1 (range 1-15), 4 (range 1-10), and 2 (range 1-4) for the @entity117 group. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the frequency of @entity7303 between @entity1 with large @entity432 treated with LMWH and @entity117 .

title: Frequency of microemboli signal in @entity64 XXXX treated with low molecular weight heparin or @entity117 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['Microemboli signal', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusive disease', 'artery occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity358 exercise a decisive influence on the prognosis of @entity1778 @entity1 after bone marrow transplantation. Very early diagnosis is a mandatory prerequisite to successful therapeutic intervention. Of great importance besides the clinical findings and bronchoalveolar lavage is the analysis of the x-ray morphology of pneumonic infiltrates to narrow down the differential diagnostic spectrum. Since the @entity1 are at high risk of @entity281 , they are under isolated care, so that x-ray examinations can only be performed by means of projection radiography using mobile units. Due to these difficulties in performing relevant radiography the required optimal and constant image quality cannot be achieved by means of conventional x-ray film, so that very early detection of @entity358 is not always possible. The use of digital luminescence radiography (DLR) with luminescent storage foils enables a highly constant and hence comparable image quality thanks to increased image dynamics, a larger area of the examined object, and histogram evaluation of the image data for determining the optimal parameters for assessment. In addition, details can be better identified to supply answers to specific questions, because the image can be reprocessed to select relevant image parameters by monitoring. @entity358 in 86 @entity1 were analysed retrospectively. These @entity1 had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for acute @entity1778 , after they had been treated with high-dose radio-/chemotherapy. The x-ray morphology, clinical and sometimes autopsy findings were correlated with the occurrence of @entity358 subsequent to bone marrow transplant.

title: [Roentgen diagnosis of XXXX following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation--application of and experience with digital luminescence radiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloic leukaemia', 'leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary complications']


abstract: The @entity19 @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ) phenotype is characterized by developmental failure of distal limb structures often associated with @entity8 . It is caused by loss of the BMP-antagonist Gremlin in the limb buds, either through mutation of @entity61146 , or by loss of a transcriptional global control region (GCR) located in the neighboring @entity61147 gene. In this report, we describe a new allele of @entity4218 due to complete deletion of @entity61147 , including its GCR. Unlike many other @entity4218 strains, these @entity19 are viable and fertile as homozygotes. As expected, this genomic deletion causes loss of Gremlin in the developing limb buds, but effects in other tissues are variable. Specifically, @entity61146 expression is retained in the developing lung and kidney, whereas expression is lost from the corresponding adult tissues. In contrast, expression in the brain appears to be unaffected by loss of the GCR. To provide information about long-range transcriptional effects of this region, effects of the deletion on the transcription of neighboring genes were also investigated. This analysis revealed that alterations in neighboring genes do occur, but only in a limited fashion. These data indicate that the predominant effect of the Ld GCR is to activate the expression of @entity61146 in the developing limb buds, although it may serve a minor role in long-range transcriptional effects that extend beyond @entity61147 and @entity61146 .

title: Analysis of a new allele of @entity4218 ( XXXX ) reveals tissue- and age-specific transcriptional effects of the Ld Global Control Region.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb deformity', 'ld']

answer: @entity4218 :: (MESH:D017880,Disease) :: ['ld']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation has been shown to cause @entity651 and to have a significant impact on mortality in acute @entity649 . Theoretically, high frequency oscillatory ventilation seems an ideal lung protective ventilation mode. This review evaluates determinants of mortality during use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation. METHODS: PubMed was searched for literature reporting randomized trials and cohort studies of high frequency ventilation in adult @entity1 with acute @entity649 . Data on mortality and determinants were extracted for @entity1 treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Linear regression analyses were conducted to produce graphical representations of adjusted effects of determinants of mortality. RESULTS: Cohorts of @entity1 treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation from two randomized trials and seven observational studies were included. Data from cohorts comparing survivors with non-survivors showed differences in age (42.3 versus 51.2 years), prior time on conventional mechanical ventilation (4.0 versus 6.2 days), APACHE II score (22.4 versus 26.1), pH (7.33 versus 7.26) and oxygenation index (26 versus 34). Each extra day on conventional ventilation was associated with a 20% higher mortality adjusted for age and APACHE II score (relative risk (RR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.25). However, this association was confounded by differences in pH (pH adjusted RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.73-1.46). Oxygenation index seemed to have an independent effect on mortality (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.95-1.28). CONCLUSION: Prolonged ventilation on conventional mechanical ventilation prior to high frequency oscillatory ventilation was not related to mortality. Oxygenation index was a determinant of mortality independent of other disease severity markers.

title: Systematic review of determinants of mortality in high frequency oscillatory ventilation in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Medical records of 66 @entity235 that had undergone myelography, using @entity6111 (240 mg of @entity1496 /ml, 0.3 to 0.5 ml/kg of body weight) during a 2-year period, were reviewed. In 3 @entity235 , myelography was performed twice during different anesthetic procedures. @entity16 were more pronounced the day after myelography in @entity235 with @entity3799 (P less than 0.01), @entity693 (P less than 0.01), or extradural @entity5 (P less than 0.05). Neither anesthetic regimen nor duration of anesthesia significantly affected the frequency of complications. @entity410 occurred after myelography in 6 @entity235 , and 1 @entity235 had @entity410 after each of 2 myelographic procedures. The frequency of @entity410 was significantly greater in male Doberman Pinschers afflicted with @entity3799 . Male @entity235 (P less than 0.01) and Doberman Pinschers (P less than 0.001) had higher prevalence of @entity410 . @entity3799 was associated with higher prevalence of @entity410 , compared with all other diagnoses (P less than 0.001). @entity410 were significantly more prevalent when body weight was greater than or equal to 29 kg (P less than 0.001), when greater than or equal to 2 injections of contrast medium were administered (P less than 0.016), or when 2 injections of contrast medium were given at the cisterna magna (P less than 0.015). The 10% prevalence of @entity410 after myelography with @entity6111 in the study reported here is greater than in previous reports, but is lower than that reported after myelography using @entity6161 .

title: Complications associated with the use of XXXX for myelography of the cervical vertebral column in @entity235 : 66 cases (1988-1990).

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy', 'caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy']

answer: @entity6111 :: (MESH:D007472,Chemical) :: ['iohexol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of a six-day protocol of in-hospital repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation combined with intensive swallowing rehabilitation (rPMS-ISR) for @entity1282 . METHODS: The subjects were eight @entity1 with @entity1282 caused by bilateral @entity385 (age: 62-70; time from onset of @entity64 : 27-39 months). rPMS was applied to the suprahyoid muscles, at strength set at 90% of the minimal intensity that elicited @entity158 with a parabolic coil. One train of stimuli comprised 20   Hz for 3 sec followed by 27-sec rest. A single session included delivery of repetitive 20 trains of stimuli over 10   min, followed by 20 min of swallowing rehabilitation. Each @entity1 received this combination treatment twice daily, morning and afternoon, over six consecutive days. Swallowing function was evaluated before and after intervention. RESULTS: rPMS-ISR induced significant improvement in swallowing ability, laryngeal elevation delay time, penetration aspiration scale, and swallowing quality of life (p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on the functional oral intake scale. CONCLUSION: The six-day in-hospital RPMS-ISR protocol seems safe and feasible for poststroke @entity1 with @entity1282 . The combination protocol improved swallowing function. Further larger studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

title: Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation With Intensive Swallowing Rehabilitation for XXXX : An Open-Label Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Poststroke Dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate @entity2239 efficacy in well-moderately differentiated @entity788 ( @entity788 ) G3. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity788 G3 and Ki67 20% to 55% treated with @entity2239 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 with median Ki67 30% and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 were evaluated. Of these, 4 @entity1 received @entity2239 as first-line treatment, whereas 11 had been pretreated with chemotherapy or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Median progression-free survival was 6 months, and median overall survival was 28 months. Eleven @entity1 achieved disease stabilization (DS) at 3 months' follow-up. Six @entity1 (40%) maintained DS for at least 12 months. Three of 4 @entity1 who received @entity2239 as first-line therapy had sustained DS (progression-free survival, 12, 17, and 22 months). The safety profile was consistent with that previously reported, with adverse events occurring in 9 @entity1 (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity2239 is active in @entity788 G3 with well-moderately differentiated morphology and Ki67 less than 55%, in which more toxic systemic chemotherapy is, to date, the only available treatment.

title: XXXX in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas G3.

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic NEC', 'pNEC']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leeches were used for medical purposes as long as 2 000 years ago in ancient Egypt. In recent years the use of medicinal leeches became rather popular again, e. g. to improve blood circulation in ischemic tissue after reconstructive plastic surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a single center, retrospective study 23 consecutive cases were analyzed in which medicinal leeches had been used therapeutically after plastic reconstructive surgery. All cases were categorized regarding the indication for leech therapy, the onset, the duration, the number of leeches and the number of sessions. RESULTS: Among the group of @entity1 there were 7 female and 16 male @entity1 with a mean age of 73    14 years (48-94 years) altogether. The main indications were @entity450 (12/23; 52 %) and @entity1410 (9/23; 39 %). Two cases were diagnosed with a @entity39 of the tip of the flap and therefore received leech therapy (2/23; 9 %). The average number of leeches was 2.6 leeches/session, the number of sessions was 1.7    0.8. 20/23 @entity1 (87 %) showed a restitutio ad integrum after leech therapy, in 3/23 @entity1 (13 %) a @entity39 of the tip of the flap could not be prevented. A clinical improvement was noticed after an average of 1.1    0.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The early application of medicinal leeches can improve local hemodynamic conditions. Leech therapy is a simple and effective method; the cost efficiency of the treatment is high.

title: Medicinal leeches for the treatment of @entity450 and XXXX after plastic reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: Twenty-two recurrent @entity11 @entity1 were enrolled for second @entity5 debulking with local positioning of a Rickam reservoir, in order to locally deliver chemotherapy with the aim of controlling local @entity5 recurrence. We designed a protocol using systemic @entity2903 (150 mg/sqm days 1-5 every 28) in association with @entity2664 , delivered through the reservoir (4 mg/day 1-5 every 28) positioned into the area of @entity5 exeresis. After re-operation a @entity41 mass no larger than 2 cm was identified in 18/22 @entity1 . The @entity1 were treated with monthly cycles of chemotherapy until evolution of the @entity5 , but in no case for more than 10 cycles. Responses were evaluated by MRI scans performed every 2 months and images assessed according to MacDonald's criteria. Response rate: no complete responses (CR), 5 partial responses (PR), 13 @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 4 @entity74 ( @entity74 ) occurred. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and survival time (ST) of the whole group of treated @entity1 was 7 and 11 months, respectively and more than a quarter of the @entity1 survived over 18 months. During the study, the @entity1 ' compliance was complete and no dropouts occurred. @entity1503 was mild and after repeated local injections only minor neurological side-effects occurred. Despite some bias in @entity1 ' selection not excluded in this pilot study, results are interesting: the PFS was as long as the survival of recurrent @entity11 reported in the literature.

title: Systemic XXXX combined with loco-regional @entity2664 in treating recurrent glioblastoma.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is of serious economic concern for @entity3505 and @entity4336 production, but little is known about the virus-like causal agent. In the field, @entity66 is often associated with @entity31667 (WSMV) and both pathogens are transmitted by the same eriophyid @entity3505 curl @entity6711 Keifer. The objective of this study was to develop methods for establishing and maintaining @entity66 -transmitting @entity3505 curl mite colonies for their use in studies on @entity66 . Towards this goal, mite colonies from a @entity325 source were separated into colonies either (i). not viruliferous; (ii). only transmitting WSMV; or (iii). only transmitting @entity66 . Maintenance of these colonies required strictly separated incubator facilities and adaptation of mite-suitable transfer techniques to permit frequent passages of mites to healthy plants. The established colonies provided reliable sources of infective material to study the progression of @entity66 and/or WSMV in plants using sensitive immuno-detection assays. In conclusion, we have developed reliable methods with a poorly studied arthropod vector to examine the biology and properties of a new @entity1800 .

title: Colony establishment and maintenance of the eriophyid @entity3505 curl XXXX for controlled transmission studies on a new virus-like pathogen.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPD', 'High plains disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['virus-like disease']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['mite, Aceria tosichella']

entities_list: @entity31667 :: ('31741', 'Species') :: ['Wheat streak mosaic virus']

answer: @entity6711 :: (MESH:D008924,Disease) :: ['mite Aceria tosichella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary cellular @entity465 are a group of @entity74 in which 1 or more components of the cellular immune system are lacking or dysfunctional. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify novel @entity19 mutants that display primary cellular @entity465 . METHODS: Genome-wide @entity330 mutagenesis was performed in @entity19 , followed by a phenotype screen of immunologic blood parameters. RESULTS: We identified novel @entity19 mutants with isolated @entity1892 , combined block in early B- and T-cell development, combined T-cell and natural killer cell reduction, and 3 different forms of @entity784 . One of the mutants, designated DeltaT3, displayed a combined phenotype of increased IgE, absence of peripheral T cells, and block in late thymocyte differentiation. In addition, DeltaT3 @entity19 were unable to mount specific humoral immune responses. Chromosomal mapping and sequencing of candidate genes revealed a novel point mutation in the kinase domain of the T-cell receptor zeta chain-associated protein kinase ( @entity61768 ). In contrast to @entity61768 -deficient @entity19 , DeltaT3 mutants displayed normal @entity61768 mRNA and residual @entity61768 protein levels. Complementation studies with @entity61768 -deficient @entity19 confirmed that the point mutation found in @entity61768 was causative for the DeltaT3 phenotype, including increased IgE plasma levels, a phenotype that has not been associated with altered @entity61768 function in the past. CONCLUSION: Random genome-wide mutagenesis combined with a phenotype screen can be used to generate novel @entity19 mutants with primary cellular @entity465 .

title: Novel @entity19 mutants with primary cellular XXXX generated by genome-wide mutagenesis.

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell deficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiencies']


abstract: Microdeletion syndromes include numerous syndromic phenotypes associated with @entity717 and @entity154 . We report on a @entity1 with a novel microdeletion of chromosomal region 3p11.2-p12.1 containing @entity10914 , @entity13315 ( @entity13315 ), and @entity61992 ( @entity61992 ) genes. Our @entity1 was diagnosed as having a neonatal multiple pituitary hormone [ @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin] deficiency. In addition to the typical findings associated with these hormonal deficiencies, she exhibited clinical features resembling those of @entity18197 (frontal bossing, saddle nose, small chin, @entity6926 , and @entity61993 ), with moderate @entity717 . She also displayed an unusual growth pattern characterized by unresponsiveness to high doses of @entity2124 replacement therapy during infancy and early childhood and an accelerated growth rate beginning at the age of 4.5 years. @entity442 levels were consistently extremely low or undetectable. Extensive medical and genetic analysis ruled out primary and secondary @entity2124 insensitivity. The distinct phenotype and the peculiar growth pattern observed in this affected @entity1 , not reported to have been observed in other cases with @entity10914 gene inactivity, suggest that the other two deleted genes play a possible role in the development of this syndrome. This hypothesis may be supported by the fact that both the @entity13315 and @entity61992 genes are expressed in the liver and the growth plate, the two main target organs of the @entity442 axis. The homozygous deletion of the @entity13315 gene, previously associated with @entity4943 , may contribute to the @entity717 observed in this @entity1 .

title: Homozygous microdeletion of the @entity10914 , XXXX , and @entity61992 genes in chromosome 3--a novel syndrome.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['GH/IGF-1', 'Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1']

entities_list: @entity61993 :: ('MESH:C536638', 'Disease') :: ['acromicria']

entities_list: @entity18197 :: ('MESH:D046150', 'Disease') :: ['Laron syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['blue sclera']

entities_list: @entity13315 :: ('25978', 'Gene') :: ['CHMP2B', 'chromatin-modifying protein 2B']

answer: @entity13315 :: (25978,Gene) :: ['CHMP2B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity55 is diagnosed by a combination of clinical symptoms and findings on chest X-ray (CXR). However, there is often disagreement, even among experts, upon the interpretation of the CXR. The purpose of this study was to compare the agreement rates in CXR interpretation of suspected @entity497 ( @entity497 ) between a radiologist, a pulmonologist, an infectious disease specialist, and an internal medicine staff and to establish the correlation of such an agreement with the length of hospitalization and 30-day mortality rate. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled in our study all @entity1 admitted to the Department of Medicine with suspected @entity497 , as defined by the admitting physician, within the first 24 h of hospitalization. A radiologist, pulmonologist, and infectious disease specialist who were aware of the suspected diagnosis independently interpreted the CXR. The final diagnosis was obtained from the discharge notes. RESULTS: A total of 262 @entity1 participated in the study, 214 of whom (81.7%) were eventually discharged with a diagnosis of @entity497 . The agreement rates between the readers of the CXR ranged from a kappa of 0.09 to 0.44. There were no differences in terms of background illness, PORT ( @entity55 @entity1 Outcomes Research Team) score, length of hospitalization, or mortality rates between @entity1 discharged with or without a diagnosis of @entity497 . In multivariate analysis, only the PORT score was a significant predictor of length of hospitalization and mortality rate. CONCLUSION: We found a low to moderate agreement rate of the diagnosis of @entity497 between CXR readers. Identification of an infiltrate on CXR, either by specialists or by the attending physician, did not impact the clinical outcomes.

title: Disagreement in the interpretation of chest radiographs among specialists and clinical outcomes of XXXX hospitalized with suspected @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Heart transplantation is the procedure of choice for @entity1 with severe @entity712 , but many @entity1 are not candidates because of associated medical problems and the lack of donor hearts. Since 1988 we have performed 36 heart transplantations. One and 2-year actuarial survival rates have been 82% and 73%. Sixteen @entity1 who were not candidates for heart transplantation have undergone cardiomyoplasty, a procedure in which the left latissimus dorsi is transposed to the myocardium and paced synchronously with the heart to augment cardiac function. The average age was 55 years (range, 39 to 65 years). Preoperative left and right ejection fractions were 24.9% +/- 2.1% and 43% +/- 4.5%. Eleven @entity1 were in the New York Heart Association class IV, and five @entity1 were in class III. Four operative @entity204 occurred, and three additional @entity204 occurred within 6 months of surgery. Nine @entity1 became long-term survivors, and seven of nine @entity1 are alive at a mean follow-up of 29 months. All @entity1 are in New York Heart Association class I or II. In long-term survivors, mean left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 24.9% +/- 2.1% to 31.8% +/- 3.5% (p less than 0.01). All but one of the operative and early @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with @entity177 (n = 6). One @entity204 and no early @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with normal right ventricular ejection fraction. This initial experience suggests that cardiomyoplasty may be helpful for @entity712 @entity1 with preserved right ventricular function, but heart transplantation should be the therapy of choice for @entity177 .

title: Surgical therapy for XXXX : indications for transplantation versus cardiomyoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Short-term cigarette smoking is associated with persistent @entity409 . Data on the reversibility of this effect with per os antioxidants after short-term smoking are lacking. This study examines the effect of orally administered @entity620 on cigarette smoking-induced @entity409 . In the present double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 19 healthy subjects (28.7 +/- 6.8 years, mean +/- SD) were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery before and 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after smoking a cigarette. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was used as a method to examine endothelial function. Measurements were performed on two different days, 2 hours after oral administration of 2 g of @entity620 or placebo. @entity384 was similar for each subject between the two visits at baseline. @entity384 was significantly decreased after smoking with both placebo and @entity620 . However, there was a significant beneficial effect of @entity620 on the @entity384 change over time after smoking. After smoking, the @entity384 dropped to less than half of the baseline value. Thereafter in the placebo group, @entity384 increased to 70% of baseline value in 90 minutes, but in the @entity620 group the @entity384 increased to 70% of baseline value in 46 minutes. Oral administration of @entity620 attenuates @entity409 after short-term cigarette smoking by shortening its duration.

title: Oral administration of XXXX attenuates @entity409 after short-term cigarette smoking.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'Flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: AIMS: To monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of @entity2829 silage within and between bunker silos. METHODS AND RESULTS: Silage samples were collected in 2008 and 2009 from three dairy farms, wherein the farmers arranged for a contractor to produce @entity2829 silage using bunker silos. Silage was prepared using a @entity880 bacteria (LAB) inoculant consisting of @entity6375 , @entity1336 and @entity30050 . Eight samples were collected from each bunker silo; 4 'outer' and 4 'inner' samples were collected from near the top and the bottom of the silo. The dry matter, @entity880 , @entity1543 , @entity1068 , @entity20856 and @entity2771 contents differed between bunker silos in both sampling years. Higher @entity1543 , @entity20856 and @entity2771 contents were found in the bottom than the top layers in the 2008 samples, and higher @entity880 content was found in the top than the bottom layers in the 2009 samples. The bacterial community varied more between bunker silos than within a bunker silo in the 2008 samples, whereas differences between the top and the bottom layers were seen across bunker silos in the 2009 samples. The inoculated LAB were uniformly distributed, while several nonconventional silage bacteria were also detected. @entity1336 acetotolerans, @entity1336 panis and @entity37106 were detected in both years. @entity14346 was detected in the 2008 samples, and @entity6374 , Acinetobacter sp. and Rahnella sp. were detected in the 2009 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Although differences were seen within and between bunker silos, the bacterial community may indicate a different relationship between bunker silos and sampling locations within a bunker silo from that indicated by the fermentation products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Analysis of bacterial community can help understand how diverse non-LAB and LAB species are involved in the ensiling process of bunker-made @entity2829 silage.

title: Monitoring the bacterial community of XXXX silage stored in a bunker silo inoculated with @entity6375 , @entity1336 and @entity30050 .

entities_list: @entity14346 :: ('40324', 'Species') :: ['Stenotrophomonas maltophilia']

entities_list: @entity30050 :: ('1581', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus buchneri']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity37106 :: ('438', 'Species') :: ['Acetobacter pasteurianus']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: This study aims to investigate the possible hepato-protective effects of @entity1059 against @entity409 and @entity82 induced by @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) in the @entity35 . @entity35 were treated acutely, or chronically with @entity14605 at 5 day intervals (0.06 mL/100 g body weight, administered as 50% vol/vol solution in liquid @entity982 ) by gavage, in combination with @entity109 in drinking water (0.5 g/L for 7 days prior to, and during @entity14605 treatment) to induce @entity409 . Some were also co-treated with 0.1 mg/kg or 0.03 mg/kg @entity1059 (i.p.) or with appropriate vehicle. In vivo measurement of the liver sinusoidal area was performed using confocal microscopy following i.v. @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) dextran. Liver histology and function tests were performed, and liver and body weights were measured. Confocal microscopy showed that acute and chronic @entity14605 treatment significantly reduced the sinusoidal area. @entity1059 (0.1 mg/kg, but not 0.03 mg/kg) partially reversed the decrease in the sinusoidal area after acute or chronic treatments with @entity14605 . Acute and chronic @entity14605 treatment produced significant histological @entity409 . @entity1059 (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the histological damage caused by chronic treatment. Chronic treatment with @entity14605 caused a significant increase in the @entity648 level that was not observed following the high dose of @entity1059 (0.1 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study showed that @entity1059 exhibits potent hepato-protective effects in @entity35 treated with @entity14605 .

title: @entity1059 protects against @entity4314 induced XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity1059 :: ('MESH:C005499', 'Chemical') :: ['honokiol', 'Honokiol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: Immune interactions in the heart were studied using a @entity19 model of myosin-induced @entity2401 . A T cell hybridoma specific for @entity19 @entity299 was generated from A/J @entity19 and used to demonstrate that endogenous myosin/ @entity1888 complexes are constitutively expressed on antigen-presenting cells in the heart. This T cell hybridoma, Seu.5, was used as a functional probe to identify a @entity2401 -inducing @entity299 . Overlapping peptides based on the @entity299 heavy chain alpha ( @entity12077 ) sequences were synthesized and tested for their ability to stimulate Seu.5 T cells. One peptide, @entity12077 (325-357) strongly stimulated the Seu.5 T cells, localizing the epitope to this region of the @entity12077 molecule. Using truncated peptides, the epitope was further localized to residues 334-352. The @entity12077 (334-352) peptide strongly induced @entity2401 when administered to A/J @entity19 , which was histologically indistinguishable from that induced by myosin. The @entity12077 (334-352) epitope was present in @entity299 and not skeletal muscle myosins, providing a biochemical basis for the cardiac specificity of this @entity792 . Induction of @entity2401 by this epitope was restricted to the @entity12077 isoform and not the @entity8384 isoform, suggesting there may be a difference in the efficiency of generating tolerance to these isoforms of @entity299 , which are differentially developmentally regulated. The @entity12077 (334-352) epitope bound to purified @entity1888 molecules in a similar manner to other @entity1888 -restricted immunogenic epitopes, HEL(48-61) and RNase(43-56). Importantly, the @entity12077 (334-352) epitope was able to bind to @entity1888 molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells in a stable manner. These findings demonstrate that autoantigenic epitopes can behave in a dominant manner and constitutively bind to class II molecules in the target organ in a similar manner to foreign immunogenic epitopes.

title: XXXX -inducing epitope of myosin binds constitutively and stably to @entity1888 on antigen-presenting cells in the heart.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['epitope of cardiac myosin', 'cardiac myosin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['Myocarditis']


abstract: Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides primarily involved in the regulation of food intake and arousal states. In addition, a role for orexins as central neuroendocrine modulators of reproductive function has recently emerged. Prepro-orexin and orexin type-1 receptor mRNAs have been detected in the @entity35 testis. This raises the possibility of additional peripheral actions of orexins in the control of reproductive axis, which remains so far unexplored. To analyze the biological effects and mechanisms of action of orexins in the male gonad, we evaluated testicular expression of orexin receptor 1 ( @entity24210 ) and orexin receptor 2 ( @entity62534 ) mRNAs in different experimental settings and the effect of @entity22658 on testicular @entity251 (T) secretion. Persistent expression of @entity24210 mRNA was demonstrated in the @entity35 testis throughout postnatal development. In contrast, @entity62534 transcript was not detected at any developmental stage. Expression of @entity24210 mRNA persisted after selective elimination of mature Leydig cells and was detected in isolated seminiferous tubules at defined stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. In addition, testicular @entity24210 mRNA expression appeared to be under hormonal regulation; it was reduced by long-term hypophysectomy and partially restored by FSH replacement, whereas down-regulation was observed after exposure to increasing doses of the ligand in vitro. Moreover, @entity24210 mRNA expression was sensitive to neonatal imprinting by @entity172 . Finally, @entity22658 , in a dose-dependent manner, significantly increased basal, but not @entity1 choriogonadotropin-stimulated, T secretion in vitro. A similar stimulatory effect was observed in vivo after intratesticular administration of @entity22658 . In conclusion, our present results provide the first evidence for the regulated expression of @entity24210 mRNA and functional role of @entity22658 in the @entity35 testis. Overall, our data are suggestive of a novel site of action of orexins in the control of male reproductive axis.

title: Orexin 1 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression and stimulation of XXXX secretion by @entity22658 in @entity35 testis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The WHO 2010 grading system for @entity5 (GEP-NETs) is used to evaluate the malignant potential without clinicopathological information. This study was conducted to examine whether the new index is superior to the previous WHO 2004 classification, e.g.for @entity8703 ( @entity8703 ),involving clinical information. METHODOLOGY: Between 2000 and 2011, 77 @entity1 with sporadic GEP-NETs were treated at our institution and statistically estimated risk factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to estimate risk factors for @entity1349 . RESULTS: Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 92.8%, 78.4% and 76.0%, respectively. Median @entity1349 was 551 days in @entity8703 - @entity1 (odds ratio (OR)for @entity1349 =13.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.90-59.5;p=0.001). The median @entity1349 was 813 days in G3- @entity1 as compared with 1885 days in G1/G2- @entity1 (OR for @entity1349 = 2.64, p=0.002). Multivariate analyses according to baseline characteristics revealed @entity8703 as independent risk factor (OR=9.06, p=0.01). @entity8703 was the only predictor of prognosis with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.78(p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical information was the best predictor for the prognosis of NETs.

title: The importance of clinical information in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma', 'WEC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) is involved in various brain functions, including memory, cognition and motor behavior. Regarding locomotor activity, we and others have demonstrated that pharmacological antagonism of @entity10092 promotes @entity2915 in @entity19 . Moreover, increased locomotor activity can also be observed in @entity19 following the genetic deletion of @entity10092 . However, it is still unclear which specific brain substrates contribute to @entity10092 -mediated regulation of motor function. RESULTS: Thus, to better understand the role of @entity10092 in motor control and to determine which neural substrates are involved in this regulation we performed stereotactic microinfusions of the @entity10092 antagonist, @entity30950 , into specific brain regions and submitted @entity19 to the open field and rotarod apparatus. Our findings indicate that @entity10092 blockage elicits distinct outcomes in @entity2915 and motor coordination depending on the brain region injected with @entity10092 antagonist. @entity30950 injection into either the dorsal striatum or dorsal hippocampus resulted in increased locomotor activity, whereas @entity30950 injection into either the ventral striatum or motor cortex resulted in @entity2845 . Moreover, @entity30950 injected into the olfactory bulb increased the distance @entity19 traveled in the center of the open field arena. With respect to motor coordination on the rotarod, injection of @entity30950 into the motor cortex and olfactory bulb elicited decreased latency to fall. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest that not only primarily motor neural substrates, but also limbic and sensory structures are involved in @entity10092 -mediated motor behavior.

title: The metabotropic XXXX receptor 5 role on motor behavior involves specific neural substrates.

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['terms of locomotor activity', 'hyperkinesia']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: We examined memory improvement with respect to the effects of @entity27524 (GRP) in male C57BL/6J @entity19 under conditions of experimentally induced @entity2730 . GRP was administered following training in a one-trial passive avoidance test. In Experiment 1, the drug @entity5591 (1 or 2 mg/kg, ip) was used to induce @entity2730 prior to training, and GRP (32 nmol/kg, ip) or saline (control) was administered immediately after training. Results indicate that GRP at this dose improved memory only when the dosage of @entity5591 was relatively low (1 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, @entity515 -induced @entity2730 was employed. @entity19 were placed in a chamber filled with @entity515 or air (control) immediately after acquisition training. Subsequently, they were administered either saline or GRP (32 nmol/kg, ip). Significantly longer light-dark latency was observed in all @entity19 that received GRP (both experimental and control groups). In total, our results indicate that the effect of GRP at this dose on the improvement of @entity2414 is dependent on the degree of impairment. Furthermore, because @entity515 -induced @entity519 is known to decrease @entity934 release in the brain, our results also suggest that GRP and its receptor may interact with the cholinergic system in the central nervous system.

title: Posttraining administration of @entity27524 improves @entity2414 in @entity5591 - and XXXX -induced @entity2730 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity27524 :: ('225642(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Due to its molecular heterogeneity and infiltrative nature, @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is notoriously resistant to traditional and experimental therapeutics. To overcome these hurdles, targeted agents have been combined with conventional therapy. We evaluated the preclinical potential of a novel, orally bioavailable PI3K/ @entity3470 dual inhibitor ( @entity59478 ) in in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo serially passaged @entity1 @entity463 xenografts that are more genetically stable than @entity463 cell lines in culture were used for all experiments. Biochemical downstream changes were evaluated by immunoblot and @entity137 by colorimetric @entity855 -based assay. For in vivo experiments, @entity1 xenograft @entity463 39 grown intracranially in @entity19 was altered to express luciferase to monitor @entity5 burden by optical imaging. @entity59478 resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability in vitro. Cytotoxic doses resulted in specific inhibition of PI3K signaling. Combining @entity59478 with @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) resulted in additive @entity137 in 4 of 5 xenografts. In vivo, @entity59478 administered by oral gavage resulted in greater than 12-fold reduction in median @entity5 bioluminescence compared with control (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.001) and improvement in median survival (logrank p = 0.05). @entity2904 alone showed a 30-fold decrease in median bioluminescence, but the combination @entity59478 + @entity2904 yielded a 140-fold reduction in median bioluminescence (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.05) with a trend toward improvement in median survival (logrank p = 0.09) compared with @entity2904 alone. @entity59478 shows activity as monotherapy and in combination with conventional therapeutics in a range of genetically diverse @entity463 xenografts.

title: Inhibition of PI3K/ XXXX pathways in @entity463 and implications for combination therapy with @entity2903 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inpatient status can cause inadequate bowel preparation. The majority of previous studies regarding bowel preparation have focused on comparing the effects of different purgative regimens in outpatients. However, data on bowel preparation for inpatients are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity15021 plus @entity968 ( @entity970 ) can improve bowel preparation in hospitalized @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective, randomized and observer-blind study was performed. A total of 196 hospitalized @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to receive 4 L @entity970 ( @entity970 only group) or 4 L PEG   bisacodyl 10 mg ( @entity15021 added group). The adequacy of bowel preparation was scored using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-three subjects completed the study; 96 in the @entity15021 added group and 87 in the @entity970 only group. There were no significant differences between the @entity15021 added group and the @entity970 only group with respect to the score of bowel cleansing (3.59  B1;2.81 vs. 3.82  B1;3.03, p=0.607), quality of bowel cleansing (adequate preparation 89.6% vs. 85.1%, p=0.380), and overall adverse events (66.7% vs. 52.9%, p=0.057). However, a larger proportion of @entity1 in the @entity970 only group were able to ingest the entire solution as prescribed than in the @entity15021 added group (98.9% vs. 75.0%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalized @entity1 , the quality of bowel preparation did not differ depending on whether @entity15021 is added or not. In addition, @entity1 compliance based on consumption of cleansing agent was better in the @entity970 only group. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:268-277).

title: [Efficacy of @entity15021 Given as Part of a @entity968 -based Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy in Hospitalized XXXX : A Prospective Ramdomized Trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15021 :: ('MESH:D001726', 'Chemical') :: ['bisacodyl']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']