abstract: We investigated the expressions of @entity11517 , @entity9829 , @entity9830 , c-myc genes and @entity899 protein in the development of @entity1489 induced by chronic exposure to UVB without a photosensitizer using hairless @entity19 . When @entity19 were exposed to UVB at a dose of 2 kJ/m2 three times a week, increased @entity11517 and c-myc transcripts were detected after only 5 weeks of exposure, while no @entity5 appeared on the exposed skin. The increase in gene expression continued until 25 weeks, when @entity5 , identified pathologically as @entity957 (SCC), developed in the dorsal skin. In these SCC, overexpression of @entity9830 mRNA was also observed along with the increases in @entity11517 and c-myc. A single dose of UVB (2 kJ/m2) applied to the backs of hairless @entity19 transiently induced overexpression of the early event genes @entity9830 , @entity9829 and c-myc, but not @entity11517 , in the exposed area of skin. Accumulation of @entity899 protein was determined by Western blotting analysis or immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies PAb 240 or 246, which recognize mutant or wild type, respectively. In the SCC, a mutant @entity899 protein accumulated in the cytoplasm and nucleus. After single-dose irradiation, the increased wild-type @entity899 protein was observed in the nuclei of epidermal cells. The present results suggest that overexpression of the @entity9830 , c-myc and @entity11517 genes, and the mutational changes in @entity899 protein might be associated with skin photocarcinogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of the @entity11517 and c-myc genes might be an early event in the development of UVB-induced @entity1489 in @entity19 .

title: Gene expression in XXXX induced in hairless @entity19 by chronic exposure to ultraviolet B irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mainly squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumors']


abstract: It is often unclear why some @entity1 suffer @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ), or even what risk factors correlate best with the syndrome. This review describes current thinking on the prevention of @entity1164 . Most studies have focused on the prevention of potentially fatal @entity943 in @entity1 post @entity583 ( @entity583 ). While pharmacotherapy has a role in the prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 @entity583 , the interpretation of drug trials can be problematic. This is because not all @entity1 participating in such trials received optimized medical therapy by today's standards. As a result, trial outcomes for new therapies may not reflect their true efficacy when they are added to a background of best medical care. The two principal prophylactic modalities for @entity1164 studied to date are antiarrhythmic drug therapy and use of an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). At the present time, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as the class III agent @entity2643 , seem to display relatively limited efficacy for the primary prevention of @entity944 in most @entity1 @entity583 . Most clinical trials have found that @entity737 therapy has a significant mortality benefit in @entity1 at high risk for @entity943 . This has been demonstrated in primary prevention trials, and in secondary prevention trials such as @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), which studied @entity1 who survived a near-fatal @entity943 . Based on an analysis of secondary prevention trials, the single @entity1 characteristic that best predicted an advantage of @entity737 therapy over antiarrhythmic drug therapy was a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < or = 35%. Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been established as having a mortality benefit in @entity1 with dyssynchronous LV contraction associated with @entity384 .

title: Prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators', 'AVID']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'post MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the effect of image subtraction on the image quality of three-dimensional (3D) @entity2287 -enhanced MR angiograms of the renal arteries. Breath-hold 3D @entity2287 MR angiography (MRA) as well as conventional contrast angiography of the renal arteries was performed on 20 @entity1 with suspected @entity2792 . MR angiograms were acquired before and during dynamic infusion of @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ). Contrast-enhanced images were compared with images that had undergone voxel-by-voxel signal intensity subtraction of contrast-enhanced data from precontrast data. One false positive finding for significant @entity2791 was recorded with MRA using conventional angiography as the gold standard. Image subtraction did not alter the diagnosis at MRA in any case. The mean contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was significantly higher (P < .05) on the subtraction MR angiograms compared to the nonsubtracted MR angiograms. There was no significant difference in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Qualitative analysis revealed a significant improvement in image quality after image subtraction with respect to visualization of the distal renal arteries. In conclusion, image subtraction improves the quality of renal MRA in terms of both CNR and visualization of the distal renal arteries.

title: Value of image subtraction in 3D XXXX -enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Single center experience with thoracoscopic repair of @entity1152 with distal @entity292 and of @entity825 . Between May 2000 and December 2006, 51 neonates with an @entity1152 were presented for thoracoscopic repair. Gestational age varied from 31 3/7 to 42 2/7 weeks (M = 37 2/7). Birth weight was between 1025 g and 4030 g (mean 2620 g). Concomitant anomalies or @entity49557 association were encoutered in 31 @entity1 (61%). Duration of the operation was from 90 minutes to 390 minutes (mean 178 minutes). All but 1 @entity1 had an @entity1152 with a distal @entity292 . Six @entity1 had @entity825 requiring aortopexia, which was performed thoracoscopically. In 2 @entity1 the thoracoscopic procedure had to be converted to a thoracotomy. All other @entity1 underwent a successful thoracoscopic repair. One @entity1 died in the postoperative period because of @entity295 . A total of 22 @entity1 (45%) developed a @entity850 in the postoperative follow up (1 month-7y 7 month) requiring 1 to 18 dilatations (mean 1.5). @entity86 occurred in 9 @entity1 (18%). Recurrent @entity292 was encountered in 2 @entity1 . A total of 11 @entity1 (22%) underwent a laparoscopic antireflux procedure for either recurring @entity850 (8) or ALTES (3). Six @entity1 (12%) underwent thoracoscopic aortopexy for @entity825 . In 2 @entity1 symptoms recurred for which a successful repeat thoracoscopic aortopexy was undertaken. The thoracoscopic approach to the treatment of @entity1152 and @entity825 is becoming increasingly accepted. The cosmesis is undoubtedly better. The secundary effects like thoracic cage @entity85 , or @entity1635 have not yet been described and are expected to be reduced in comparison to the open technique. Sequelae like @entity2680 , @entity850 , recurrent fistulae, and @entity354 and ALTES will probably remain the same. Whether thoracoscopic dissection has less detrimental effect on disturbed motility remains to be proven. Thoracoscopic aortopexy for severely symptomatic @entity825 is relatively simple. Even repeat thoracoscopic aortopexy is not that difficult. It was immediately effective in 2/3 of the @entity1 .

title: Thoracoscopic treatment of @entity1152 with distal XXXX and of @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative leakage']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities, winged scapula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: In this study, regional diastolic patterns and their relations with transmitral Doppler inflow were investigated in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI). Doppler echocardiography and DTI of basal septum and lateral wall (apical 4-chamber view) were performed in 20 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with @entity1121 and in 10 healthy subjects (7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ). @entity6 , @entity101 , coronary artery and @entity340 , @entity339 , New York Heart Association functional classes III to IV, @entity7129 , @entity955 , and inadequate echocardiograms were exclusion criteria. Peak velocity and time-velocity integral of early and late waves and their ratios, and deceleration and isovolumic relaxation times were determined by standard Doppler and by DTI at the septal and lateral wall levels. The 2 groups were comparable for age, heart rate, blood pressure, and ejection fraction. Transmitral peak velocity and time-velocity integral E/A ratios were reduced (both p <0.05) and deceleration and isovolumic relaxation times prolonged (both p <0.00001) in @entity1121 . Septal DTI showed lower peak velocity and time-velocity integral e/a ratios (p <0.00001 and p <0.001, respectively) and lengthened regional deceleration (p <0.01) and isovolumic (p <0.001) relaxation times. DTI of the lateral wall showed a prolongation of deceleration and isovolumic relaxation times (both p <0.01). By dividing @entity1121 according to transmitral E/A, 8 @entity1 with E/A <1 had lower DTI septal e/a ratio (p <0.01) and prolonged septal deceleration and isovolumic relaxation times (both p <0.01) but no changes in DTI pattern of lateral wall than 12 @entity1 with E/A > 1. In conclusion, DTI is useful and complementary to standard Doppler imaging to characterize diastolic properties in @entity1121 , reflecting a typical pattern of intramyocardial impaired relaxation at the level of hypertrophied septum and also providing information about the degree of this regional impairment. The lateral wall presents minor changes in diastolic times, which indicate how diastolic asynchrony is not confined to the hypertrophied segment in @entity1121 .

title: Use of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to assess regional left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of leg @entity1066 in Ireland has been poorly documented. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the aetiology and prevalence of @entity6008 in one health district. METHODS: All @entity1 receiving healthcare for an active leg @entity1066 in the Mid-Western Health Board (MWHB) region of Ireland (population: 317,069) were identified in a defined two-month period. A cross-sectional survey of all healthcare workers providing care to @entity1 with leg ulceration was carried out. @entity1 with @entity6008 of uncertain cause were invited for follow-up assessment to establish the underlying cause. RESULTS: There were 389 @entity1 with @entity6008 with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 72.3 (11.1) years. The prevalence was 0.12% but it was 1.03% in @entity1 aged 70 years and over. @entity1 were twice as likely to be affected. @entity66 accounted for 81% of @entity1066 , and @entity455 for 16.3%, while ulceration due to @entity3949 and @entity12299 was unusual. CONCLUSION: Leg @entity1066 are an important source of morbidity in our ageing population. Effective treatment programmes could diminish the impact of this debilitating disease on the health service.

title: Prevalence and aetiology of XXXX in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Venous disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12299 :: ('MESH:D056653', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['leg ulcers']

answer: @entity6008 :: (MESH:D007871,Disease) :: ['leg ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical, biological, and imaging features and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity883 ( @entity883 ). METHODS: This retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity883 was carried out in 2 departments of rheumatology from 1990 through 2002. Comparison was made with cases of @entity1512 ( @entity1512 ) seen during the same period, excluding postoperative cases. RESULTS: Fifty cases of @entity883 were reviewed and compared with 86 cases of @entity1512 . The main finding was a higher frequency of concomitant @entity884 in @entity1 with @entity883 (11/42 vs 1/37; p = 0.009). Evidence of @entity32 , imaging features, and @entity16 at admission appeared to be less severe in @entity883 , but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Duration of treatment was shorter in @entity883 than in @entity1512 (105 +/- 26 days vs 130 +/- 49 days; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the high incidence of @entity884 (26%) during @entity883 . Clinicians must look for predisposing factors and clinical abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1512 whenever a streptococcal or enterococcal agent is identified. Echocardiography should be performed as routine in such situations.

title: Streptococcal and XXXX (vertebral osteomyelitis). High incidence of @entity884 in 50 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal and enterococcal spondylodiscitis', 'SESD']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'staphylococcal spondylodiscitis', 'spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['enterococcal spondylodiscitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous variations in the chronic stimulation threshold were widely investigated in the last few years and formed the basis of the safety margin concept of stimulation energy. The dynamic variability of sensitivity, particularly in the atrium, is less studied and, in the literature, contrasting data are present about the actual entity of these variations. A 2:1 safety margin is still recommended by many authors, although some papers reported that this value was inadequate to guarantee a correct sensing function. AIM OF THE STUDY: We evaluated daily variability of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 implanted with the Cosmos 3 @entity3603 cardiac pacemaker, with a special algorithm that continuously measures the minimum-maximum sensitivity values in atrium or in the ventricle during a 12-h sampling period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 34 @entity1 , 20 males and 14 females, with a mean age of 72+/-5 years, were implanted with a Cosmos 3 @entity3603 pacemaker (PM). The indication to implant a PM was @entity1817 in 21 @entity1 and a high degree of @entity713 in 13 @entity1 . @entity162 were always employed. At 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after the implant, we analyzed the minimum-maximum values of @entity955 for the last 12-h. This analysis was performed in the late afternoon. RESULTS: The mean @entity955 varied more than threefold, from a mean minimum of 0.68 to a mean maximum value of 2.19 mV at 1 month, from 0.68 to 2.21 mV at 2 months, from 0.69 to 2.19 mV at 3 months and from 0.67 to 2.17 mV at 6 months, without significant differences among the four follow-up controls. In seven @entity1 , there was a fourfold variation, while the variation was fivefold in five @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, from our data, we can confirm that @entity955 may vary widely during the day and, consequently, we recommend that a 3:1 safety margin should be programmed and the recommended 2:1 ratio should be abandoned. Moreover, at implant, particular attention should be paid to obtaining the best atrial signal amplitude, at least threefold higher than the highest sensitivity value available in the implanted PM. To achieve this goal and to obviate to the oversensing phenomena, bipolar leads are preferable to unipolar leads.

title: Spontaneous daily variability of XXXX . A study with an implanted @entity3603 pacemaker.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial bipolar leads']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atrial sensitivity']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial sensitivity']


abstract: The nuclear hormone @entity3873 (VD) has important cell regulatory functions. Various synthetic VD analogues are under investigation to identify candidates with an improved therapeutic profile against @entity66 . VD directly activates the transcription factor @entity17894 ( @entity17894 ), which in turn stimulates the expression of a cascade of primary and secondary VD-responsive genes. The activation of the @entity17894 through binding of its natural and synthetic ligands is linked to a conformational change presenting the interface with co-activator proteins, referred to as the (trans)activation function 2 (AF-2) domain. Multiple conformations of the @entity17894 might be the key to understanding a selective action of VD analogues. The method of limited protease digestion was used here to characterize up to three different functional @entity17894 conformations stabilized individually by VD and its analogues. The relative potency of @entity17894 ligands can be quantified in the interaction with these @entity17894 conformations by determination of a functional dissociation constant, where a two-concentration-point comparison has already provided important information. In this way seven @entity535 residues in the AF-2 domain have been analysed as potential ligand contact points. Interestingly, residues @entity815 -422 and @entity2596 -418 seem to interact with all tested @entity17894 ligands, whereas VD analogues such as the anti-psoriatic drug @entity2116 displayed additional contact points within the AF-2 domain. Taken together, limited protease digestion is a powerful method for studying functional @entity17894 conformations and seems to be very appropriate for screening VD analogues.

title: Functional conformations of the nuclear XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hyperproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the impact of radical cytoreductive surgery-as part of @entity5 debulking-on the amount of @entity41 and survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 and to evaluate the prognostic significance of no gross @entity66 ( @entity66 ) after surgery. METHODS: Medical records of 203 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC-IV @entity43 were reviewed. All @entity1 underwent primary cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity3907 - and @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Various clinicopathologic characteristics were collected. RESULTS: Of 203 @entity1 , 119 @entity1 underwent simple surgery, while radical surgery was performed in 84 @entity1 . Advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.06, P < 0.01), FIGO stage IV disease (HR 3.61, 95 % CI 1.48-8.83, P < 0.01), and grossly visible @entity66 (HR 3.24, 95 % CI 1.90-5.53, P < 0.01) were identified as significant factors associated with poor prognosis in the entire cohort of 203 @entity1 . Radical surgery (HR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.37-0.87, P = 0.01) was associated with improved survival. In the subgroup of @entity1 with stage IIIC disease with @entity298 , independent prognostic factors were advanced age (HR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01-1.06, P = 0.01), radical surgery (HR 0.58, 95 % CI 0.35-0.96, P = 0.03), and grossly visible @entity66 (HR 2.86, 95 % CI 1.55-5.30, P < 0.01). @entity1 with no gross @entity66 had the longest overall survival (86 months) compared with @entity66 0.1-1 cm (46 months) and @entity66 >1.0 cm (37 months) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No gross @entity66 is associated with improved overall survival, and radical surgery was effective for achieving no gross @entity66 .

title: Impact of complete cytoreduction leaving no gross @entity66 associated with radical cytoreductive surgical procedures on survival in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The effects of serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the body temperatures of @entity35 were investigated. The administration of the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) agonist @entity30409 ( @entity30409 ) produced a dose-related increase in body temperature. A maximal increase in body temperature of approx. 1.1 degrees C was observed 30 min after the administration of 3 mg/kg of @entity30409 . In contrast, administration of the putative 5-HT1A agonist @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ) resulted in marked, dose-related hypothermic responses. Body temperatures were decreased approx. 3 degrees C 30 min after an injection of 0.3 mg/kg of @entity10097 . Body temperatures were affected differentially by @entity16743 ( @entity16744 ). Large doses (3-10 mg/kg) of @entity16744 elicited hyperthermic responses, whereas small doses (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) produced hypothermic responses. Treatment of @entity35 with @entity6009 (3 mg/kg) completely prevented the hyperthermic effects of @entity16744 , and, in fact, converted a hyperthermic response to @entity16744 into a marked hypothermic response. @entity6009 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) selectively antagonized the hyperthermic response to @entity30409 but did not alter the hypothermic effect of @entity10097 . @entity5079 (10 mg/kg) and @entity37621 (0.03 mg/kg) also selectively antagonized @entity221 induced by @entity30409 . In contrast, @entity7690 (0.03-0.1 mg/kg) and @entity10896 (10 mg/kg) selectively antagonized @entity2332 induced by @entity10097 but did not alter @entity221 induced by @entity30409 . @entity11054 (0.1-3 mg/kg) and @entity3861 (10 mg/kg) attenuated the effects of both @entity10097 and @entity30409 . @entity6704 , a peripheral @entity750 antagonist, had no significant effect on @entity221 induced by @entity30409 or @entity2332 induced by @entity10097 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thermoregulatory responses to XXXX ( @entity750 ) receptor stimulation in the @entity35 . Evidence for opposing roles of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A receptors.

entities_list: @entity30409 :: ('MESH:C014896', 'Chemical') :: ['MK-212', '6-chloro-2(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['Mianserin']

entities_list: @entity6704 :: ('MESH:C005894', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylamidine']

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', '8-OH-DPAT']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['methiothepin']

entities_list: @entity16743 :: ('MESH:D008732', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['Spiperone']

entities_list: @entity3861 :: ('MESH:D010918', 'Chemical') :: ['pizotifen']

entities_list: @entity37621 :: ('MESH:C034177', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenperone']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to improve results of treatment of @entity1 with @entity179 at the long-term period after microdiscectomy by developing unique algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of persisting @entity158 . @entity1 were divided into two groups. First one included 198 @entity1 with reflex- @entity158 syndromes. In the main subgroup (97 @entity1 ) consecutive denervation of spinal facet joints and intervertebral discs was performed to detect referred- @entity158 syndromes. The second group included 64 @entity1 who suffered recurrent nerve-root compression. The main cause was relapse of disc herniation. We used anterior retroperitoneal approach in 34 @entity1 to remove @entity890 and stabilize the segment. Surgery results were assessed by visual-analogue scale and Oswestry index. Consecutive chemical denervation of spinal facet joints and intervertebral discs allowed not only to discover referred- @entity158 syndromes, but enabled to control them. Stepwise surgical treatment resulted in clinical recovery and better outcome in 88.7% of our @entity1 . Decompressive-stabilizing surgery with anterior interbody fusion is a pathogenetic and technically adequate treatment. The long-term follow up results of surgical treatment were better at the group of our @entity1 operated with anterior retroperitoneal approach and anterior foraminotomy. Excellent and good results were obtained at 79.3% cases.

title: [ @entity158 syndrome relapse following XXXX surgery (diagnosis and treatment)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['herniated disc']


abstract: CONTEXT: Angiogenesis is an essential factor for @entity5 progression. Although more attention is paid in angiogenesis on its role in @entity5 biology, many other @entity5 are also angiogenic-dependent. Recently, there is motivation to control @entity5 via inhibition of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: Quercus infectoria Olivier var (Fagaceae) (oak) is a plant whose different parts, such as its fruit shell, have been used extensively as a traditional drug in the west part of Iran. Although some biological properties of oak are determined, its effects on angiogenesis are unclear. So, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of oak acorn shell. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh oak acorns were collected, and after authentication; hydroalcoholic extract of acorn shells (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100  g/ml) was used for evaluation of its @entity137 , antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects in vitro. Also, effects of the extract on @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) and @entity1495 secretion were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract in eight doses resulted in a significant decrease of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis with an IC       value of ~20  g/ml, without any toxic effect. At 40  g/ml, the extract inhibited @entity1495 activity; however, a dose-dependent reduction (60-80   g/ml) in @entity1476 activity was seen. @entity7 secretion was decreased with increase in the concentration of the extract from 5 to 100  g/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of oak acorn shell acts as a potent antiangiogenic agent which exerts its inhibitory effect mainly through downregulation of essential mediators such as @entity7 and MMPs.

title: In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by hydroalcoholic extract of oak (Quercus infectoria) acorn shell via suppressing @entity7 , @entity1476 , and XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic diseases', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: Normokalaemic manifestation of @entity1368 is a frequent cause of secondary @entity101 . It occurs in approximately 5-12% of all @entity1 with @entity101 , primarily @entity1 with severe and uncontrolled blood pressure. Main causes are @entity774 (2/3 of cases) and @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (1/3 of cases). Screening is performed by measurement of the @entity1369 / @entity916 ratio, which is raised in affected @entity1 . Suspicion of @entity1368 due to a pathological ratio requires confirmatory testing e.g. by saline infusion test or @entity7842 suppression test. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the underlying cause of @entity1369 excess needs to be identified because therapy differs. First, adrenal imaging (CT/MRI) is performed, which is followed by postural testing in cases with a unilateral lesion. Concordant results confirm the diagnosis of an @entity1369 -producing @entity652 and allow treatment to proceed to adrenalectomy. In cases of equivocal results or normal/bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands on imaging, adrenal venous sampling must be performed for subtype differentiation.

title: Screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: @entity801 is the most commonly used @entity4028 in Danish hospitals. The aim of this study was to compare two dosage regimens, @entity227 ( @entity227 ) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) with regard to efficacy, safety and tissue @entity137 . Twenty-three @entity1 were allocated to @entity227 and 26 were allocated to @entity227 @entity801 . Data from @entity1 treated for more than 72 hours were evaluated. Efficacy was assessed by the rate at which body temperature fell to normal. @entity8 was judged by an increase in serum @entity1011 of more than 50 mumol/l and @entity389 was clinically estimated daily during treatment, followed up by audiometry if positive signs occurred. Serum @entity801 was determined daily to estimate the size of next dose. A low frequency of dose adjustments was considered to reflect safety, as well as the absence of renal and inner ear affection. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups regarding efficacy, safety or tissue @entity137 . @entity8 developed in two @entity1 on @entity227 regime and in one @entity1 on @entity227 regime. No @entity389 was seen. The renal @entity137 appeared unpredictably, both early and late in the treatment period and preceded by low or high values serum @entity801 . It is recommended that @entity801 be administered @entity227 for reasons of economy and convenience and that kidney function be monitored daily throughout the treatment period.

title: [ @entity4028 treatment I. Administration of XXXX once versus three times daily].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['TID', 'once-a-day', 'OD', 'thrice-a-day']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the multicellular resistance of @entity1 @entity157 HepG2 cells in three-dimensional culture to delisheng, @entity1487 and @entity632 , and the possible molecular mechanisms of delisheng. METHODS: @entity1 @entity157 HepG2 cells were cultured with a liquid overlay technique. After the formation of multicellular spheroids, morphology was analyzed by phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Sensitivity of HepG2 cells to delisheng, @entity1487 and @entity632 was investigated by @entity98 assay in multicelluar spheroids and monolayers. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity10120 expression were analyzed in multicellular spheroids treated with delisheng, @entity1487 , @entity632 and negative control PBS, with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Multicellular spheroids exhibited structural characteristics somewhat different to those in monolayers. The cells in three-dimensional cell culture turned out to be less sensitive to delisheng, @entity1487 and @entity632 than the cells cultured in monolayer. This showed that delisheng had a satisfactory cells inhibition ratio compared to @entity1487 and @entity632 . Immunohistochemical staining showed that @entity7 and @entity10120 expression was positive during growth as multicellular spheroids, and @entity10120 expression in spheroids with treatment of delisheng was higher than that with @entity1487 , @entity632 and PBS (139.35 +/- 7.83, 159.23 +/- 10.34, 162.83 +/- 3.47 and 148.48 +/- 11.06, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese medicine compound delisheng has satisfactory anti- @entity5 activity in HepG2 cells in three-dimensional culture, and the effects are associated with up-regulation of @entity10120 .

title: Chinese medicinal compound delisheng has satisfactory anti- @entity5 activity, and is associated with up-regulation of @entity10120 in @entity1 XXXX cell line HepG2 in three-dimensional culture.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A randomized study was conducted to investigate the effects of antenatal @entity288 and @entity869 in the management of preterm pregnancies under 34 weeks complicated by premature rupture of membranes. @entity1 with documented lecithin/ @entity4291 (L/S) ratios of less than 2.0 and a singleton gestation were eligible to participate in the study. One hundred sixty-five @entity1 qualified and were randomized, using sealed envelopes, to four study groups. All @entity1 were followed expectantly. Group I (41 @entity1 ) received neither @entity869 nor @entity288 . Group II (43 @entity1 ) received 24 mg of antenatal @entity5935 . Group III (37 @entity1 ) received 2 g of intravenous @entity869 every 6 hours, with discontinuation of antibiotic therapy if cultures were negative for pathogenic bacteria. Group IV (44 @entity1 ) received both @entity288 and @entity869 as described for groups II and III, respectively. Compared with @entity1 not receiving @entity288 , those administered antenatal @entity288 experienced a reduction in the incidences of @entity649 (53 versus 26%), @entity2107 (23 versus 9%), severe grades of @entity932 (15 versus 3%), and @entity2461 (18 versus 6%), with no difference in the incidence of @entity281 . Compared with @entity1 not receiving antenatal antibiotics, the group of @entity1 treated with @entity869 on admission had a lower incidence of clinical @entity5870 (4 versus 26%) and @entity295 (5 versus 10%). This reduction in infectious morbidity by antenatal @entity869 was restricted to those @entity1 (28.4% of the study population) colonized with group B streptococci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of XXXX and @entity288 in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternal or neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of 2 techniques (Anwar vs. Melles) of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) in @entity1 with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. @entity1 : Fifty-seven eyes of 57 @entity1 20 to 35 years of age were enrolled. METHODS: @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity9042 who were contact lens intolerant and whose corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was less than 20/80 were enrolled. Eligible eyes were allocated randomly into 2 groups: the Anwar technique (23 eyes) or the Melles technique (25 eyes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was CDVA. Secondary outcomes were spherical equivalent, contrast sensitivity, corneal aberrations, corneal biomechanical properties, endothelial cell count, and central corneal thickness. All outcomes were compared 15 months after surgery. RESULTS: The CDVA was 0.17    0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units and 0.18    0.11 logMAR units in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.803). Spherical equivalent was -1.82    2.7 diopters (D) and -2.69    3.94 D in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.155). Overall, the difference in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity function between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2 groups in total and higher-order aberrations up to the fifth order (P>0.05 for all parameters). Corneal hysteresis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (9.9    0.8 vs. 9.9    0.6; P = 0.606). The corneal resistance factor was 10.02    0.8 and 10.13    0.76 (P = 0.509). There was no significant difference in percentage of endothelial cell loss between the 2 groups (1    2% vs. 1    3% in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively; P = 0.869). Mean central corneal thickness was 525.56    47.87  m versus 504.64    54.20  m in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.155). CONCLUSIONS: The Anwar and Melles techniques of @entity9762 have comparable visual acuity and refractive outcomes, aberrometric profiles, biomechanical properties, corneal thicknesses, and endothelial cell densities. However, @entity1 who underwent the Anwar technique showed better contrast sensitivity.

title: Anwar versus Melles XXXX for @entity9042 : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty', 'DALK']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9762 :: (MESH:C535342,Disease) :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to increase the accuracy of the inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) procedure and reduce the false-negative rate through the addition of @entity4090 as a marker of pituitary venous outflow as well as validate this adjunct to the test process. CONTEXT: @entity50 sampling (IPSS) for ACTH is the current gold standard test for the differentiation of pituitary @entity699 from the @entity11060 . Although early studies with IPSS reported a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity approaching 100%, additional experience has revealed a false-negative rate of 1-10%. This has been attributed to either technical problems with unsuccessful petrosal sinus catheterization or @entity1211 of the pituitary. Previous studies have suggested that the measurement of other anterior pituitary hormones may be useful during IPSS as a guide to the effectiveness of cannulation and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure. DESIGN: We reviewed the data, in this retrospective cohort study, for all @entity1 who had undergone IPSS for the investigation of ACTH-dependent @entity699 . @entity1 : The study included 83 @entity1 who underwent IPSS at St. Thomas's hospital between 2005 and 2010. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma ACTH and @entity4090 levels were measured both centrally and peripherally. The normalized ACTH/ @entity4090 inferior petrosal sinus/peripheral ratio was then calculated to assess the accuracy of the sampling procedure. RESULTS: A total of 83 @entity1 with confirmed ACTH-dependent @entity701 excess underwent investigation with IPSS during the study period. Sixty-seven @entity1 initially had a positive IPSS result (i.e. a basal central/peripheral ACTH ratio >2  0 and >3  0 post-CRH). However, when the concurrent @entity4090 data were used, six @entity1 were additionally found to have positive results suggestive of pituitary Cushing's. The @entity4090 normalized ACTH @entity3465 /Peripheral ratios were all >0  8 in @entity1 with proven @entity699 , whereas they were all <0  6 in proven @entity11060 . The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed histologically in 72 of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Using @entity4090 as a concurrent index of pituitary venous effluent helps us recognize whether @entity1503 has been accurately sampled. Normalizing the @entity3465 /peripheral ratios with @entity4090 helps to improve the accuracy of the result and reduces the false-negative rate. With regards to the usefulness/validity of this test in clinical practice, it is relevant, reproducible and is easily adaptable from the existing diagnostic sequence.

title: Maximizing the accuracy of @entity50 sampling: validation of the use of @entity4090 as a marker of pituitary venous effluent in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary venous blood']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Inferior petrosal sinus']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective randomized study aims at evaluation and comparison of the prophylactic effects of @entity2643 versus @entity6838 and @entity1406 combination in postcoronary bypass @entity955 . METHODS: A total of 241 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly allocated into three groups. @entity1 in Group1 (n=77) received @entity1406 100 mg/24 h per oral (P.O.), preoperatively, 2x0.5 mg @entity6838 intravenously on the operating day and @entity6838 0.25 mg P.O.+ @entity1406 100 mg P.O. on the first postoperative day until discharge. @entity1 in Group 2 (n=72) received totally 1200 mg intravenous/24 h @entity2643 which the 300 mg - bolus dose/1 h was given as soon as the operation had been finished. On the next day @entity1 were administered 450 mg/24 h @entity2643 i.v. and 600 mg/day in three doses P.O. were given until discharge. Group 3 (n=92) was the control group with no antiarrhythmic prophylaxis. RESULTS: Preoperative @entity1 characteristics and operative parameters were similar in three groups. @entity955 occurred in 13 @entity1 (16.8%) in Group 1, six @entity1 (8.3%) in Group 2 and 31 @entity1 (33.6%) in Group 3. CONCLUSION: Both study groups were effective in the prevention of postcoronary bypass @entity955 with respect to control (P<0.01 in Group 1 and P<0.001 in Group 2).

title: @entity2643 versus XXXX and @entity1406 combination for the prevention of postcoronary bypass @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity6838 :: (MESH:D004077,Chemical) :: ['digoxin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity786 plus @entity288 for type I/II @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). METHODS: This trial was prospective, non-random and open-labeled. We selected 160 @entity1 with steroid-insensitive @entity1737 from January 1999 to October 2011. Each @entity1 received an oral dose of @entity229 0.5 mg kg(-1) d(-1), @entity786 8 mg kg(-1) time(-1) once weekly intravenously and oral @entity4836 36 mg kg(-1) d(-1). The efficacies were assessed by absolute and relative @entity1737 scores. The clinical treatment cycle was 30 weeks. RESULTS: (1) Among them, 74/106 type I @entity1737 @entity1 (69.9%) reached clinical relative scores >=  95% in 30 weeks. The total dose of @entity786 was 12 g. And 35/54 @entity1605 @entity1737 @entity1 (64.8%) reached clinical relative scores >=  95% in 30 weeks. No statistically significant difference existed between two groups (P = 0.521). (2) All @entity1 had various degrees of improvement in 30 weeks. The difference was statistically significant by Mann-Whitney U test (P  <= 0.05). (3) There were minor side effects in these all @entity1 . (4) When the total dose of @entity786 reached 4 g, the cure rate in type I @entity1 was higher than that of in @entity1605 @entity1 (P = 0.000). When the total dose of @entity786 reached 12 g, the cure rate in @entity1605 @entity1 was higher than that of in type I @entity1 (P = 0.001). (5) The cure dose of @entity786 was 4-8 g in 58.4% of type I @entity1 versus 8 - 12 g in 61.1% of @entity1605 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of low-dose @entity786 and @entity288 in glucocorticoid-insensitive type @entity1737 (type I/II) is both effective and safe. And the sensitivity to @entity786 varies for different clinical types. It is higher in type I than @entity1605 @entity1 .

title: [Efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity786 plus @entity288 for type I/II XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repeated data collection is desirable when monitoring fluctuating conditions. Mobile phones can be used to gather such data from large groups of respondents by sending and receiving frequently repeated short questions and answers as text messages.The analysis of repeated data involves some challenges. Vital issues to consider are the within-subject correlation, the between measurement occasion correlation and the presence of missing values.The overall aim of this commentary is to describe different methods of analyzing repeated data. It is meant to give an overview for the clinical researcher in order for complex outcome measures to be interpreted in a clinically meaningful way. METHODS: A model data set was formed using data from two clinical studies, where @entity1 with @entity1643 were followed with weekly text messages for 18 weeks. Different research questions and analytic approaches were illustrated and discussed, as well as the handling of missing data. In the applications the weekly outcome "number of days with @entity158 " was analyzed in relation to the @entity1 ' "previous duration of @entity158 " (categorized as more or less than 30 days in the previous year).Research questions with appropriate analytical methods 1: How many days with @entity158 do @entity1 experience? This question was answered with data summaries. 2: What is the proportion of @entity1 "recovered" at a specific time point? This question was answered using logistic regression analysis. 3: What is the time to recovery? This question was answered using survival analysis, illustrated in Kaplan-Meier curves, Proportional Hazard regression analyses and spline regression analyses. 4: How is the repeatedly measured data associated with baseline (predictor) variables? This question was answered using generalized Estimating Equations, Poisson regression and Mixed linear models analyses. 5: Are there subgroups of @entity1 with similar courses of @entity158 within the studied population? A visual approach and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed different subgroups using subsets of the model data. CONCLUSIONS: We have illustrated several ways of analysing repeated measures with both traditional analytic approaches using standard statistical packages, as well as recently developed statistical methods that will utilize all the vital features inherent in the data.

title: Analyzing repeated data collected by mobile phones and frequent text messages. An example of XXXX measured weekly for 18 weeks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Most snakes and a few warm-blooded animals have a resistance to snake venoms because of naturally occurring antihemorrhagins found in their sera. The antihemorrhagins in serum of @entity3968 ( @entity3968 ) neutralize hemorrhagic activity by binding to hemorrhagins in snake venoms. The binding characteristic of antihemorrhagins in D. virginiana serum was used to develop a five-step western blot. The detection of hemorrhagic proteins were measured indirectly with antihemorrhagins in Virginia opossum serum and with DV-2LD#2, a monoclonal antibody specific for Virginia opossum antihemorrhagins. Snake venoms were separated by native-PAGE, transferred to a Millipore Immobilon-P membrane and then incubated with crude Virginia opossum serum. The hemorrhagins in snake venom bind to antihemorrhagins in Virginia opossum serum which react with DV-2LD#2 a monoclonal antibody that is specific for Virginia opossum antihemorrhagins. DV-2LD#2 monoclonal antibody inhibits antihemorrhagic activity in Virginia opossum serum when mixed in equal amounts. The inhibition of antihemorrhagins by DV-2LD#2 monoclonal antibody suggests specificity. DV-2LD#2 monoclonal antibody does not recognize antihemorrhagins in gray woodrat (Neotoma micropus) serum. The five-step western blot reveals two well-defined bands which represent hemorrhagins found in Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. Venoms from 15 different snake species were examined to determine the usefulness of the five-step western blot. Other @entity548 (Great Basin rattlesnake (C. viridis lutosus), Prairie rattlesnake (C. viridis viridis), Tancitaran dusky rattlesnake (C. pusillus), Northern Mojave rattlesnake (C. scutulatus scutulatus type B) and Northern Pacific rattlesnake (C. v. oreganus)) had one single band in the five-step western blot. DV-2LD#2 did not bind to the non- @entity548 and reacted with 50% of the @entity548 used in this study. The monoclonal antibody, CAH, reacted with all the @entity548 except for the venom of the @entity14891 ( @entity14891 ) and did not react with the non- @entity548 . The hemorrhagic binding site of CAH monoclonal antibody and the antihemorrhagin in @entity3968 are different binding sites. The five-step western blot will be a very useful assay for determining hemorrhagic activity without using live animals.

title: The detection of hemorrhagic proteins in snake venoms using monoclonal antibodies against XXXX (Didelphis virginiana) serum.

entities_list: @entity14891 :: ('8665', 'Species') :: ['Ophiophagus hannah', 'King cobra']

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['Didelphis virginiana', 'Virginia opossum']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic venoms']

answer: @entity3968 :: (9267,Species) :: ['Virginia opossum']


abstract: There is evidence that @entity1 living in outlying areas have poorer survival from @entity5 . This study set out to investigate whether they have more @entity1442 at diagnosis. Case notes of 1323 @entity1 in north and northeast Scotland who were diagnosed with lung or @entity14 in 1995 or 1996 were reviewed. Of @entity1 with @entity2 , 42% (69/164) living 58 km or more from a @entity5 centre had disseminated disease at diagnosis compared to 33% (71/215) living within 5 km. For @entity14 the respective figures were 24% (38/161) and 16% (31/193). For both @entity5 combined, the adjusted odds ratio for disseminated disease at diagnosis in furthest group compared to the closest group was 1.59 (P = 0.037). Of 198 @entity1 with @entity1149 in the closest group, 56 (28%) had limited disease (stage I or II) at diagnosis compared to 23 of 165 (14%) of the furthest group (P = 0.002). The respective figures for Dukes A and B @entity14 were 101 of 196 (52%) and 67 of 172 (39%) (P = 0.025). These findings suggest that @entity1 who live remote from cities and the associated @entity5 centres have poorer chances of survival from lung or @entity14 because of more @entity1442 at diagnosis. This needs to be taken into account when planning investigation and treatment services.

title: Rural and urban differences in stage at diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal and lung cancers']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether long-term exposure to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) alters follicular steroidogenesis and whether or not this effect is dependent on the degree of follicular development. Small- and medium-sized follicles were obtained from @entity1707 ovaries collected, respectively, at days 8-10 and 14-16 of oestrus cycle. Theca interna and granulosa cells were isolated from follicles and placed in the same well in the ratio 1 : 3 with or without the @entity2052 in doses of 100, 300 and 500 micro g ml(-1). The culture medium was changed after 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. In both types of follicles, @entity2052 caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in both @entity251 and @entity53 secretion from follicular cells. In small-sized follicles, the @entity251 to @entity2931 ratio increased at all doses used and after all lengths of time in culture. In medium-sized follicles, a significant increase in the @entity251 to @entity2931 ratio was only observed at the highest dose level. All doses of @entity2052 caused a marked inhibition of @entity1420 secretion after 48 hours while during long-term @entity2052 exposure @entity1420 gradually increased demonstrating luteinization of cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a direct effect of @entity2052 on steroidogenesis. The effect seems to differ to some extent depending on the follicular stage of development. The elevated ratio of @entity251 to @entity53 suggests that @entity2052 inhibits the conversion of @entity251 to @entity53 .

title: @entity1092 -induced alterations in @entity251 , XXXX and @entity1420 secretion from porcine follicular cells isolated from small- and medium-sized ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Samples of 80 S ribosomes from @entity95 reticulocytes were subjected to electron cryomicroscopy combined with angular reconstitution. A three-dimensional reconstruction at 21 A resolution was obtained, which was compared with the corresponding (previously published) reconstruction of @entity526 70 S ribosomes carrying tRNAs at the A and P sites. In the region of the intersubunit cavity, the principal features observed in the 70 S ribosome (such as the L1 protuberance, the central protuberance and A site finger in the large subunit) could all be clearly identified in the 80 S particle. On the other hand, significant additional features were observed in the 80 S ribosomes on the solvent sides and lower regions of both subunits. In the case of the small (40 S) subunit, the most prominent additions are two extensions at the base of the particle. By comparing the secondary structure of the @entity95 18 S rRNA with our model for the three-dimensional arrangement of @entity526 16 S rRNA, these two extensions could be correlated with the @entity95 expansion segments (each totalling ca 170 bases) in the regions of helix 21, and of helices 8, 9 and 44, respectively. A similar comparison of the secondary structures of @entity1 28 S rRNA and @entity526 23 S rRNA, combined with preliminary modelling studies on the 23 S rRNA within the 50 S subunit, enabled the additional features in the 60 S subunit to be sub-divided into five groups. The first (corresponding to a total of ca 335 extra bases in helices 45, 98 and 101) is located on the solvent side of the 60 S subunit, close to the L7/L12 area. The second (820 bases in helices 25 and 38) is centrally placed on the solvent side of the subunit, whereas the third group (totaling 225 bases in helices 18/19, 27/29, 52 and 54) lies towards the L1 side of the subunit. The fourth feature (80 bases in helices 78 and 79) lies within or close to the L1 protuberance itself, and the fifth (560 bases in helix 63) is located underneath the L1 protuberance on the interface side of the 60 S subunit.

title: Correlation of the expansion segments in XXXX rRNA with the fine structure of the 80 S ribosome; a cryoelectron microscopic reconstruction of the @entity95 reticulocyte ribosome at 21 A resolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and radiographic manifestations of @entity5325 , a rarely diagnosed cause of @entity10 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This study included @entity1 19 years of age or younger evaluated between January 1, 2001, and June 30, 2012, for @entity5325 . RESULTS: We evaluated 24 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) with @entity5325 (age at onset of symptoms: 2-19 years, mean 14.3 years). Twenty-three @entity1 presented with @entity10 and 1 presented with a nonpositional @entity10 . A generalized connective tissue disorder was diagnosed in 54% of @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed the typical changes of @entity5325 in most @entity1 (79%). Spinal imaging demonstrated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak with or without an associated meningeal diverticulum in 12 @entity1 (50%) and with dural @entity4122 or meningeal diverticula in 10 @entity1 (42%), and it was normal in 2 @entity1 (8%). Twenty-three @entity1 initially underwent epidural blood patching, but 8 @entity1 also were treated with percutaneous injections of fibrin glue and 11 @entity1 eventually required surgical correction of the underlying CSF leak. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with any of the treatments, but 5 @entity1 required @entity3791 for rebound high intracranial pressure @entity10 . Overall, outcome was good in 22 @entity1 (92%) and poor in 2 @entity1 (8%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5325 in childhood is rare. Most @entity1 can be treated effectively using a combination of epidural blood patching and percutaneous injections of fibrin glue or surgical CSF leak repair in refractory cases.

title: XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'orthostatic headaches']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous intracranial hypotension', 'spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the mechanisms behind breastfeeding and childhood @entity28 , we assessed the association of @entity1017 with the mode of milk delivery aside from the type of milk given to @entity1 . DESIGN: A longitudinal study of @entity1 followed up from birth to age 1 year. Multilevel analyses were conducted to estimate @entity1 @entity1017 by type of milk and feeding mode. SETTING: Pregnant @entity1 were recruited from a consumer mail panel throughout the United States between May 2005 and June 2007. @entity1 : One thousand eight hundred ninety nine @entity1 with at least 3 weight measurements reported during the first year. MAIN EXPOSURES: Six mutually exclusive feeding categories and proportions of milk feedings given as breastmilk or by bottle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight measurements reported on 3-, 5-, 7-, and 12-month surveys. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 fed at the breast, @entity1 fed only by bottle gained 71 or 89 g more per month when fed nonhuman milk only (P < .001) or @entity1 milk only (P = .02), respectively. Weight gain was negatively associated with proportion of breastmilk feedings, but it was positively associated with proportion of bottle-feedings among those who received mostly breastmilk. Among @entity1 fed only breastmilk, monthly @entity1017 increased from 729 g when few feedings were by bottle to 780 g when most feedings were by bottle. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity1017 might be associated not only with type of milk consumed but also with mode of milk delivery. Regardless of milk type in the bottle, bottle-feeding might be distinct from feeding at the breast in its effect on @entity1 ' @entity1017 .

title: Risk of bottle-feeding for rapid XXXX during the first year of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'human', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: The appearance of cell-mediated immunity was studied in Aujeszky diseased @entity1707 with the aid of the in vitro stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes. The first cell-mediated immunity reaction of lymphocytes occurred 4 days after @entity281 . From day 7 to 35, the latest day tested, the reactions were most marked with lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen, whereas blood and thymus lymphocytes reacted less frequently; bone marrow lymphocytes showed no response. Reinfection did not considerably enhance lymphocyte reactivity. Humoral immunity was demonstrated a few days later than cell-mediated immunity. Neutralizing antibodies were first detected at day 7, reaching optimal titers at day 14. Complement fixing antibodies were detected from day 14 onward. Reinfection caused a very weak booster effect only on neutralizing antibody production. The sensitivity of the neutralization test could be enhanced up to sixfold by the addition of fresh @entity840 complement. It is concluded that cell-mediated immunity influences the early stage of @entity281 with @entity13219 virus when humoral immunity is not yet demonstrable or yet rather low. Lymph nodes and spleen are apparently of special importance for the appearance of ADV-reactive lymphocytes.

title: Cell-mediated immunity in @entity13219 virus infected XXXX . I. Lymphocyte stimulation.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13219 :: ('MESH:D011557', 'Disease') :: ['Aujeszky disease']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach for regaining muscle function after @entity130 . Prior to clinical application, the ideal time of transplantation has to be determined. We investigated the effects of immediate and delayed transplantation. @entity35 received a crush @entity130 to the left soleus muscle. Treatment groups were transplanted locally with 2   10(6) autologous MSCs, either immediately or 7 days after @entity130 . Saline was used as sham therapy. Contraction force tests and histological analyses were performed 4 weeks after injury. GFP-labelled MSCs were followed after transplantation. The traumatized soleus muscles of the sham group displayed a reduction of twitch forces to 36    17% and of tetanic forces to 29    11% of the non-injured right control side, respectively. Delayed MSC transplantation resulted in a significant improvement of contraction maxima in both stimulation modes (twitch, p = 0.011; @entity116 , p = 0.014). Immediate transplantation showed a significant increase in twitch forces to 59    17% (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in contraction forces between muscles treated by immediate and delayed cell transplantation. We were able to identify MSCs in the interstitium of the injured muscles up to 4 weeks after transplantation. Despite the fundamental differences of the local environment, which MSCs encounter after transplantation, similar results could be obtained with respect to functional muscle regeneration. We believe that transplanted MSCs residing in the interstitial compartment evolve their regenerative capabilities through paracrine pathways. Our data suggest a large time window of the therapeutical measures.

title: Immediate and delayed transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improve muscle force after skeletal muscle injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine (1) the risk of treatment termination for low dose, weekly @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), and (2) the prevalence, nature and predictors of adverse effects due to longterm low dose @entity1500 therapy. METHODS: A 13-year, retrospective survey of all @entity1 with @entity309 receiving low dose @entity1500 therapy was conducted using life table, logistic regression and case control methods of analyses. Major and minor adverse effects were defined. RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 (144) starting @entity1500 (mean dose 8.2 mg/week) were observed to have a 75% risk of treatment termination at 60 months. Reasons for 81 @entity1 stopping @entity1500 were adverse effects (43), loss/lack of effect (18), other medical and nonmedical reasons (13), and lost to followup (7). Sixty-two @entity1 experienced 83 major adverse events, including @entity344 (29), hepatic enzyme test abnormalities (23), @entity55 (5) and severe @entity1431 (8). Aging was the only predictor of treatment discontinuation associated with a major @entity137 . Five @entity1 developed a @entity5 during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: In our survey the risk of treatment termination was 75% in @entity1 with @entity309 taking @entity1500 after 60 months. An adverse drug effect is a more common reason for treatment termination (53%), compared to loss/lack of beneficial effect (22%) or other reasons (16%) or lost to followup (9%). Increasing age is associated with an increased risk of treatment termination associated with a major @entity137 .

title: Adverse effects of low dose @entity1499 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity2074 and its association with the clinical characteristics in subjects with @entity196 ( @entity2690 dependent) and II (non- @entity2690 dependent) @entity6 . To examine the association between @entity2074 and chronic @entity2412 . METHODS: We studied 297 @entity1 with @entity196 [age (mean +/- SD) 33.2 +/- 10.0 yrs] and 139 with @entity2175 [age 61.3 +/- 12.3 yrs]. We investigated the presence of @entity2074 , @entity2720 , and the following complications: @entity989 , micro- and macroalbuminuria, and somatic peripheral symmetrical @entity305 ( @entity16 ). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2074 was 14% in @entity2175 @entity1 ; prevalence was the same in both sexes. Dupuytren's was associated with age and duration of @entity1723 @entity1 (p < 0.001). Its presence was significantly related to @entity989 , @entity16 , @entity2720 , and shoulder capsulitis in @entity196 and to macroalbuminuria in @entity2175 @entity1 , by chi-squared test. However, all these associations, except to macroalbuminuria in @entity2175 subjects, disappeared when the confounding effect of age and duration of @entity6 was controlled by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Dupuytren's was the same in @entity196 and II subjects although @entity196 subjects were younger. No sex difference of the prevalence of Dupuytren's was seen in @entity1 with @entity6 . The disease was associated with macroalbuminuria in @entity2175 subjects independent of time related variables. Other associations between @entity2074 and @entity2412 were explained by time related variables in @entity196 and in @entity2175 subjects.

title: XXXX : association with chronic @entity2412 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes', 'type II']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes in type I']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['limited joint mobility']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's disease']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: It is known that the aromatase inhibitors may act by decreasing @entity172 levels. Moreover, it is known that @entity172 may stimulate the release of @entity4090 (PRL), which is a growth factor for @entity0 . This phase II study was performed to evaluate the effects of the novel aromatase inhibitor @entity13558 on PRL secretion in @entity0 and the possible influence of PRL pretreatment levels on the efficacy of therapy. METHODS: The study involved 14 pretreated @entity0 @entity1 with a poor clinical status. @entity13558 was given orally once a day at 1 mg/day for at least 2 months. To evaluate PRL secretion, venous blood samples were collected before treatment and at 1-monthly intervals during treatment. RESULTS: The clinical response consisted of partial response (PR) in 2, @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 5 and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in the remaining 7 @entity1 . Abnormally high pretreatment levels of PRL were seen in 5/14 (36%) @entity1 . Progressing @entity1 showed significantly higher pretreatment levels of PRL than those who achieved PR or @entity66 . None of the @entity1 with high PRL pretreatment levels showed a decline in PRL levels on treatment with @entity13558 . CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that @entity13558 has no inhibitory effect on PRL secretion in @entity0 and that the evidence of abnormally elevated concentrations of PRL prior to therapy is generally associated with a lack of efficacy.

title: Clinical efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor @entity13558 in relation to @entity4090 secretion in heavily pretreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozole', 'anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bladder @entity2695 is a benign rare lesion. There are no pathognomonic clinical signs and management is controversial due to the bleeding risk. We report a bladder @entity2477 resolved using bipolar transurethral resection. METHODS: We review the case of a female @entity1 who presented with asymptomatic @entity811 . On cystoscopy we discovered a reddish sessile lesion compatible with @entity1494 . We describe the diagnostic work up, surgical management and review other therapeutic alternatives for these lesions. RESULTS: Fifty five year old healthy female @entity1 consulting for total painless @entity811 . Cystoscopic evaluation revealed a 1 cm diameter sessile reddish elevated lesion near the bladder neck. We performed a transurethral endoscopic resection using the Gyrus @entity162  . Pathologic report concluded @entity2477 . CONCLUSION: Bladder @entity2695 are benign and rare lesions. Clinical presentation has no pathognomonic signs although gross painless @entity811 is the most frequent complain. Management is controversial due to the bleeding risk of this highly vascularized lesion. However, it appears that small lesions could be treated using transurethral resection. Although they have a benign course, follow up is mandatory to detect recurrence or @entity66 .

title: Bladder XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar resectoscope']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma', 'cavernous angioma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since the introduction of video-assisted lobectomy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) into clinical practice, it has been discussed controversially whether mediastinal lymphadenectomy can be performed as effectively as an open procedure via thoracotomy. Therefore, we address this issue in a prospective randomized trial conducted in our institution. METHODS: In total, 66 @entity1 with completely staged clinical Stage I @entity1149 were included and randomized either into a video-assisted group (n = 34) or into the conventional lobectomy group (n = 32). The video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy was performed by using a 4- to 5-cm utility incision in the fourth or fifth intercostal space and two additional 10-mm ports without rib spreading. The conventional lobectomy was done via an anterolateral thoracotomy. Lymph nodes were classified according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer classification; for right-sided @entity5 , lymph nodes number 2R, 4R, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were dissected, and for @entity5 , lymph nodes number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. For the subsequent analyses, lymph nodes were grouped into different zones consisting of Zone 1 (2R and 4R), Zone 2 (7), Zone 3 (8R and 9R), Zone 4 (10R, 11 R and 12R), Zone 5 (4 L), Zone 6 (5 and 6), Zone 7 (8L and 9L) and Zone 8 (10 L, 11 L and 12L). RESULTS: Both groups were comparable with respect to different clinical pathological parameters (age, @entity5 size and comorbidity). In the video-assisted group, 2 @entity1 were excluded due to conversion to an open thoracotomy. The number of mediastinal lymph nodes removed was as follows: VATS (right side) 24.0 lymph nodes/ @entity1 , open right-sided 25.2 lymph nodes/ @entity1 , VATS (left side) 25.1 lymph nodes/ @entity1 and open left-sided 21.1 lymph nodes/ @entity1 . With respect to the zones mentioned above, we found the following results: VATS vs open (mean number of lymph nodes/ @entity1 ): Zone 1: 9 vs 8.5; Zone 2: 6.3 vs 5.6; Zone 3: 2.4 vs 3.2; Zone 4: 6.5 vs 6.9; Zone 5: 0 vs 0.5; Zone 6: 3.2 vs 3.7; Zone 7: 4.6 vs 3.2 and Zone 8: 10.5 vs 8.9. There were no statistically significant differences between the procedures, either with respect to the overall number of lymph nodes or with respect to the number of lymph nodes in each zone. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal lymph node dissection can be performed as effectively by the video-assisted approach as by the open thoracotomy approach. Furthermore, the video-assisted approach allows a better visualization of different lymph node zones.

title: Video-assisted vs open mediastinal lymphadenectomy for Stage I XXXX : results of a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine whether the amount of @entity296 during @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) is related to the admission plasma @entity1255 concentration. BACKGROUND: Elevated @entity1255 levels are associated with increased @entity715 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 . It is not known whether this association is reflected in the degree of @entity296 in those @entity1 . METHODS: We studied consecutive @entity1 presenting with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (n = 205) and unstable @entity951 (UAP) (n = 185). Plasma samples were collected on admission and prior to clinical intervention and were assayed for @entity1255 by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). @entity296 was assessed by measurements of @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) on admission and 12 h after admission (peak @entity10020 ). The @entity1 were studied by quintiles of @entity1255 concentration. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in peak @entity10020 in the 5th @entity1255 quintile in @entity583 (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p = 0.005), the levels being 4.10, 3.86, 4.13, 6.20 and 7.85 microg/liter for quintiles 1 to 5, respectively (p < 0.0001, for top vs. bottom quintile). Similarly, there was a step-up in peak @entity10020 levels in the top @entity1255 quintile in UAP (ANOVA, p < 0.0001), the levels being 0.03, 0.03, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.15 microg/liter, (p < 0.0001 for top vs. bottom quintile). In a multivariate regression model, the association between peak @entity10020 and the top @entity1255 quintile remained strong after adjustment of other confounders including age, gender, final diagnosis and thrombolysis treatment (odds ratio [OR]: 2.92 (1.75-4.87) p < 0.0001). The @entity1 with UAP were further examined according to peak @entity10020 levels below ( @entity10020 negative) or above ( @entity10020 positive) 0.1 microg/liter. @entity1255 levels were significantly higher in @entity10020 positive than @entity10020 negative @entity1 ; 13.8 (11.7-15.3) vs. 10.3 (9.4-11.3) micromol/liter, respectively, p = 0.002. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity1255 levels are associated with a higher risk of @entity741 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 .

title: Elevated @entity1255 levels are associated with increased @entity741 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'Myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: AIMS: To identify prescribing and treatment practices for @entity281 in New Zealand. METHODS: Postal survey to doctors and nurses at all sexual health, family planning, student and youth health centres, and randomly selected general practitioners. RESULTS: There was considerable variation in treatment regimes used for @entity281 with few respondents treating in accordance with international guidelines regarding dose, frequency, and duration of treatment. @entity3403 (88.4%) was most commonly used to treat uncomplicated @entity281 in non-pregnant @entity1 . Most respondents (70.2%) stipulated @entity3403 for longer durations than the seven day regimen international guidelines recommend, with @entity3403 100 mg twice a day for ten days most frequently specified. Among the 259 respondents who would treat pregnant @entity1 with erythromycin, 51 different treatment regimens were specified, and 51.7% recorded regimens less than that recommended by international guidelines. When treating a @entity1 presumptively, the majority of respondents tested for @entity281 . In contrast to other respondents, @entity458 staff rarely provide @entity1 with a prescription for a @entity1 's partner without seeing the partner. CONCLUSIONS: Standardised treatment guidelines are required for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity281 . Guidelines should include recommendations for the treatment of partners, and encourage the laboratory confirmation of diagnosis.

title: Treatment practices for XXXX in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health clinic']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['chlamydial infection']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the ability of fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and/or 2-h @entity413 to confirm @entity6 and to determine the proportion of @entity1 with HbA1c >= 6.5%. METHODS: @entity6 rates were calculated after a single elevated FPG and/or 2-h @entity413 on an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) using a confirmatory OGTT performed within 6 weeks. RESULTS: 772 (24%) @entity1 had elevated FPG or 2-h @entity413 on an OGTT that triggered a confirmation visit. There were 101 triggers on FPG alone, 574 on 2-h @entity413 alone, and 97 on both. Only 47% of @entity1 who triggered had confirmed @entity6 . While the confirmation rate for FPG was higher than that for 2-h @entity413 , the larger number of 2-h @entity413 triggers resulted in 87% of confirmed cases triggering on 2-h @entity413 . Confirmation rates increased to 75% among @entity1 with FPG >= 126 mg/dl and HbA1c >= 6.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Only half of the @entity1 with elevated FPG and IGT were subsequently confirmed to have @entity6 . At current diagnostic levels, more @entity1 trigger on 2-h @entity413 than on FPG, but fewer of these @entity1 have their diagnoses confirmed. In individuals with FPG >= 126 mg/dl and HbA1c >= 6.5%, the confirmation rate was increased.

title: Confirming glycemic status in the XXXX Prevention Program: implications for diagnosing @entity6 in high risk adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes confirmation']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe attitudes and acceptability toward a @entity1082 ) vaccine among mothers in Da Nang, Vietnam and examine factors that may influence HPV vaccine uptake. METHODS: @entity1 who were the primary caregiver of a @entity1 10-18 years old ("mothers") were eligible to participate. Mothers were recruited face-to-face from Da Nang General Hospital. @entity1 completed a survey addressing general vaccine attitudes, attitudes toward an HPV vaccine, beliefs about sexuality, recommendations from others, and likelihood of having their daughter vaccinated against HPV. A total of 194 surveys were returned; 181 (93%) contained analyzable data. RESULTS: Eleven percent of mothers were aware of an HPV vaccine. Ninety-four percent believed that the HPV vaccine will be effective and 90% disagreed that their daughter would have sex early if she was vaccinated. Beliefs regarding premarital sex, such as " @entity1 who have sex before marriage are not respected" and "it would be hard to find a husband" were held by 76% and 62% of mothers, respectively. Despite this, over 90% were in favor of their daughter receiving the HPV vaccine. Ninety-five percent indicated that a recommendation from their doctor would be very important in their decision-making, and 78% indicated that the media would be very important. CONCLUSIONS: Initial responses to the HPV vaccine for @entity1 in Vietnam appear favorable. Beliefs regarding negative social consequences for @entity1 who engage in premarital sex are prevalent but unassociated with HPV vaccine acceptability. Accurate and consistent recommendations from doctors and media sources will be important for vaccination efforts.

title: Attitudes of mothers in Da Nang, Vietnam toward a XXXX vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Women', 'Participants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sleep @entity386 is associated with advanced @entity731 . This study was focused on sleep breathing in @entity1 with hemodynamically significant @entity543 , currently free from clinical symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: 17 @entity1 with @entity2998 stenosis of 70% and more in the absence of actual neurological symptoms indicated for non-acute endarterectomy, and 17 age- and sex-matched controls were examined using sleep polygraphy. 12 @entity1 had a follow-up sleep polygraphy a month after the surgery. RESULTS: The criteria of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) were met by 4 @entity1 prior to operation, by 2 @entity1 after the operation, and by 2 control subjects. The pre-surgery @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) was 14 (+/-SD=17.0), post-surgery 8.3 (+/-9.0) and in the controls 6.7(+/-6.7). The pre-surgery @entity26 desaturation index was 20.1 (+/-17.7), post-surgery 15.0 (+/-12.0) and in the controls 11.6 (+/-6.1). A comparison between the pre-surgery results seen in the @entity1 and in controls after adjustment for BMI revealed no significant difference. The only significant difference between the pre-surgery and post-surgery values was found in the AHI (P=0.045). CONCLUSION: According to this study there exists an association between @entity543 and @entity27 , however this association is explainable by a higher BMI. The study also found a tendency toward @entity27 alleviation in response to endarterectomy.

title: Sleep XXXX in @entity543 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: Human serum paraoxonase ( @entity533 ) hydrolyzes oxidized lipids in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and could therefore retard the development of @entity731 . In keeping with this hypothesis, several case-control studies have shown a relationship between the presence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and polymorphisms at @entity535 positions 55 and 192 of @entity533 , which we associated with a decreased capacity of @entity533 to protect LDL against the accumulation of lipid @entity2627 , but some other studies have not. However, the @entity533 polymorphisms are only 1 factor in determining the activity and concentration of the enzyme. Only 3 of the previous 18 studies directly determined @entity533 activity and concentration. Therefore, we studied @entity533 activity, concentration, and gene distribution in 417 subjects with angiographically proven @entity301 and in 282 control subjects. We found that @entity533 activity and concentration were significantly lower in subjects with @entity301 than in control subjects (activity to @entity11093 122.8 [3.3 to 802.8] versus 214.6 [26.3 to 620.8] nmol. min(-1). mL(-1), P<0.001; concentration 71.6 [11.4 to 489.3] versus 89.1 [16.8 to 527.4] microg/mL, P<0.001). There were no differences in the @entity533 -55 and -192 polymorphisms or clusterin concentration between @entity1 with @entity301 and control subjects. These results indicate that lower @entity533 activity and concentration and, therefore, the reduced ability to prevent LDL lipid peroxidation may be more important in determining the presence of @entity301 than paraoxonase genetic polymorphisms.

title: Paraoxonase status in XXXX : are activity and concentration more important than genotype?

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors report a retrospective analysis of high-dose @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 ( @entity2033 -ICE) for @entity1 with refractory or relapsed @entity521 ( @entity521 ). A major reason for using this regimen was the long time since @entity1 received previous treatment with a @entity902 compound. The authors also summarized the published experience on ICE in @entity1 with @entity521 . METHODS: Treatment comprised @entity1260 (2000 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days), @entity3003 (500 mg/m(2) daily for 2 days), and @entity2879 (100 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days). @entity1 who had poor hematologic reserve (platelet count <100,000/ L) from previous therapy received peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) after @entity2033 -ICE. Disease status before and after @entity2033 -ICE was defined according to International @entity521 Response Criteria (expanded to include (123) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine findings). Publications that were informative about ICE for @entity521 were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 received 92 cycles of ICE, including 37 @entity1 who received PBSC rescue. Grade 3 @entity137 were rare: 1-3 @entity1 had @entity75 , @entity33 , or @entity1902 . @entity2259 was documented in 24 of 92 cycles (26%). The absolute neutrophil count reached 500/ L on day 17-30 (median, day 22) in @entity1 who had satisfactory hematologic reserve. Disease regressions (major and minor responses) were achieved by 14 of 17 @entity1 (82%) with a new relapse, 13 of 26 @entity1 (50%) with refractory @entity521 , and 12 of 34 @entity1 (35%) who were treated for progressive disease during chemotherapy (P = .005). In the literature, @entity1 received ICE at lower dosages and achieved major response rates >36% in phase 1 and 2 studies (in which less comprehensive staging evaluations were used) that involved resistant @entity521 and >70% in induction for newly diagnosed @entity521 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2033 -ICE is appealing as salvage treatment or consolidative therapy because of its anti- @entity521 activity and the low risk of major nonhematologic @entity137 . PBSC support is unnecessary for @entity1 who had intact hematologic reserve.

title: @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 for XXXX : a high-dose salvage regimen and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']