abstract: In order to investigate the probable embryonic nature of @entity8523 , immunohistochemical studies were performed using stage-specific embryonic antigens (Ley, @entity5824 , sialyl @entity5824 -i) in case of @entity8523 with a very wide spectrum of morphological features. The @entity5 presented a topographic transition from primitive blastic and embryonic areas to more differentiated areas showing diverse differentiation. Blastic areas composed of extremely immature cells were found in most peripheral parts of the @entity5 . Inside the blastic areas there were "embryonic" areas which morphologically resembled @entity1 embryo lungs in the pseudoglandular and canalicular stages. Most central parts of the @entity5 showed more differentiated features including chondrosarcomatous, leiomyosarcomatous and @entity1417 and the common type of adenocarcinomatous element. Electron microscopic observation suggested the blastic and embryonic nature of these immature cell elements. Ley was expressed in the blastic and pseudoglandular areas. @entity5824 was expressed in the canalicular areas. These antigens were not expressed in the more differentiated areas. The topographic gradient in the @entity5 of morphology and antigen expression from the peripheral blastic areas to the central more differentiated areas suggests that the primitive cells gradually differentiated into more mature cells of various directions as the @entity5 grew in size.

title: XXXX with a topographic transition from blastic to more differentiated areas. An immunohistochemical assessment of its embryonic nature using stage-specific embryonic antigens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomatous elements']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary blastoma']

answer: @entity8523 :: (MESH:D018202,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary blastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate acute @entity137 and efficacy of simultaneous radiochemotherapy for invasive @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From September 1993 to July 1997, 61 @entity1 with @entity150 were treated with a transurethral resection (TURB) followed by radiochemotherapy (RCT). Twenty-five received a combination of @entity1487 and @entity900 . The prescribed doses were 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 daily as continuous infusion over 5 days each in the 1st and 5th treatment week and 20 mg/m2 @entity900 daily at the same days as a short infusion. The pelvis was irradiated with 54 Gy, the bladder with 59.4 Gy and the paraaortic nodes in 7 cases with 45 Gy, respectively. Six to 8 weeks after RCT a second TURB was performed for reasons of restaging. RESULTS: Twenty out of 25 @entity1 received at least 80% of the prescribed chemotherapy, in 13 cases the full dose could be given. @entity344 of Grade I and II occurred in 10 cases, 1 @entity1 developed severe @entity294 (Grade VI). After the 1st course of chemotherapy 7 @entity1 had leuko- or @entity882 of Grade III. One @entity1 had a @entity1210 of Grade IV. After the 2nd course 4 @entity1 developed Grade III leuko- and @entity882 , 1 of Grade IV. Two Grade II @entity417 were found. All more severe @entity137 and necessary dose reductions were related to radiation of the paraaortic nodes. No life threatening infections, bleedings or @entity1370 was found. Restaging TURBs resulted in 22 complete remissions, 1 @entity1 had a de-novo- @entity189 (Tis) at this time, 2 were non-responders (8%). After a median follow-up of 38 months 20 @entity1 are alive (80%). CONCLUSIONS: 1. If irradiation of paraaortic nodes is necessary, @entity1487 should not be applied, because the @entity344 is too extensive. In all other cases side effects are tolerable and can be managed by supportive care. 2. The first results are promising and should be evaluated in a prospective study.

title: Concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity1487 and XXXX for @entity150 . Acute @entity137 and first results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity', 'Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer of the bladder', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the modified pi-plasty procedure for the treatment of @entity91 , assessing the issues of safety, complications, morphological outcome, and degree of parental satisfaction. A retrospective evaluation of 110 @entity1 with nonsyndromal single suture @entity91 operated on with the modified pi-plasty procedure was undertaken. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at ages 3 and 5 years in three standardized projections. The Cephalic Index and the Axial Width Ratio were determined and used as objective outcome measures. An evaluation of the radiographic digital markings was carried out using a Beaten @entity920 Score. A parental questionnaire was used to obtain a subjective esthetical outcome assessment. The @entity1 population consisted of 76% @entity1 and 24% @entity1 with a 20% incidence of a positive familial history of @entity91 . The mean age at surgery was 7.73 months. Morbidity from the procedure was minimal and there were no mortalities. The Cephalic Index changed from a mean preoperative value of 65% to a postoperative mean value of 72% (P = 0.00004). The mean Axial Width Ratio changed from a preoperative 80% to 72% at the 3-year evaluation (P = 0.00029). The Beaten @entity920 score changed from a mean preoperative value of 2.35 to 5.42 postoperatively at 3 years (P = 0.00001). The response rate to the questionnaire was 86%, and there were significant postoperative improvements in all studied aspects of the skull shape. The modified pi-plasty is a safe technique, and it induces significant objective changes in skull morphology toward normality. It also yields a high degree of parental satisfaction with regard to aesthetic outcome, as evaluated by a written questionnaire.

title: Clinical outcome of the modified pi-plasty procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal synostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['sagittal synostosis']


abstract: Objectives. Clinical records of 27 @entity1 with @entity135 were retrospectively reviewed. Methods. Ultrasonography (US) was performed in all cases. Seven @entity1 underwent CT. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent MRI. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed for 12 of the 27 @entity1 . Clinical history, surgical data, and postoperative morbidity were analyzed. Results. The images of US showed a well-defined, hypoechoic, primarily homogeneous solid mass. At CT, only one of 7 cases (14%) was able to suggest the diagnosis of @entity808 . At MRI, twenty of 25 cases (80%) suggested the diagnosis of @entity808 . Only three of 12 cases (25%) displayed a specific diagnosis of @entity808 rendered on FNAC. The distribution of 27 nerves of origin was 10 (37%) vagus nerves, 6 (22%) sympathetic trunks, 5 (19%) cervical plexuses, 3 (11%) brachial plexuses, 2 (7%) hypoglossal nerves, and 1 (4%) accessory nerve. Complete @entity5 resection was performed in 11 @entity1 , and intracapsular enucleation of the @entity5 was performed in 16 @entity1 . The rate of @entity129 was 100 (11/11) and 31% (5/16). Conclusions. MRI is sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of @entity808 . Intracapsular enucleation was an effective and feasible method for preserving the neurological functions.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX : a review of 27 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial head and neck schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['extracranial head and neck schwannomas']


abstract: The assay for @entity42340 gene conversion and @entity11291 -92 reversion in @entity375 D7 was used to characterize the induction of an adaptive response by @entity273 ( @entity274 ). Effects of a small priming dose on the genotoxic effects of a larger challenge dose were measured in exponential cultures and in early stationary phase. An adaptive response, indicated by smaller convertant and revertant frequencies after the priming dose, occurred at lower priming and challenge doses in young, well-aerated cultures. Closely spaced priming doses from 0.000975 to 2 mM, followed by a 1 mM challenge, showed that the induction of the adaptive response is biphasic. In exponential cultures it was maximal with a priming dose of 0.125-0.25 mM. Very small priming doses were insufficient to induce the adaptive response, whereas higher doses contributed to damage. A significant adaptive response was detected when the challenge dose was administered 10-20 min after the priming exposure. It was fully expressed within 45 min, and the @entity375 began to return to the nonadapted state after 4-6 hr. Because of the similarity of the biphasic induction to hormetic curves and the proposal that adaptive responses are a manifestation of hormesis, we evaluated whether the low doses of @entity274 that induce the adaptive response show a clear hormetic response without a subsequent challenge dose. Hormesis was not evident, but there was an apparent threshold for genotoxicity at or slightly below 0.125 mM. The results are discussed with respect to linear, threshold, and hormesis dose-response models.

title: Adaptive response to @entity273 in XXXX : induction, time course, and relationship to dose-response models.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain', 'yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: A total of 1355 cases of @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions in the bone seen in the three hospitals affiliated to our college in the past 32 years was analysed. Of them, 1170 (86.4%) were primary @entity3478 , 31 (2.3%) metastatic and 154 (11.3%) @entity5 -like lesions of bone. Histologically, the primary @entity3478 were mostly chondrogenic and osteogenic. The ratio of benign to @entity5 was 2.8:1. Peak ages were 11-40 years. @entity1 with @entity5 were ten years younger than those with @entity5 . The first three common @entity3478 were @entity705 , @entity1181 and @entity83 . The vulnerable sites were tibia, femur and skull. The first three common malignant @entity3478 were @entity421 , @entity511 and @entity1492 with common sites in femur, tibia and humerus. The majority of @entity5 -like lesions were @entity82 , frequently in the femur. These observations are very similar to those reported at home but quite different from those reported from other countries. In our series, the ratio of benign to malignant @entity3478 was the highest (2.8:1); @entity2967 was not among the first three common @entity3478 ; and the first vulnerable site of @entity3478 was not femur but tibia.

title: [Analysis of 1355 cases of XXXX and @entity5 -like lesions in the bone].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous-dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'benign bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondroma']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: During acute rejection leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction fuelled by costimulatory molecules such as the @entity23655 /CD154 receptor/ligand dyad disrupts microcirculation of the small bowel. Downregulating endothelial @entity23655 expression by employing a decoy oligonucleotide (dODN) neutralizing the transcription factor @entity30235 ( @entity30235 ) may protect the graft. Therefore allogenic small bowel transplantation was performed in the Brown Norway to Lewis @entity35 model. Graft vessels were pretreated with @entity30235 dODN, mutant control ODN (20 microM) or vehicle (n=8). @entity23655 antisense ODN and scrambled control ODN-treated transplants served as target control (n=3 each). Intravital microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed 7 days later. Functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity and perfusion index in @entity30235 dODN and @entity23655 antisense ODN-treated transplants were improved whereas stasis index was reduced. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction showed no difference. Histological parameters of rejection, infiltrating CD3-positive cells and apoptotic bodies were also reduced in @entity30235 dODN and @entity23655 antisense ODN-treated transplants 7 days post-transplantation. @entity23655 protein abundance was reduced to less than 10% of control in @entity30235 dODN-treated grafts. @entity30235 dODN blockade of @entity23655 expression improves mucosal perfusion, reduces graft rejection, T-cell infiltration and apoptosis in @entity35 small bowel allografts during acute rejection.

title: @entity30235 decoy oligonucleotide improves microcirculation and reduces acute rejection in allogeneic XXXX small bowel transplants.

entities_list: @entity30235 :: ('25124(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription-1', 'STAT-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: One of the most frequent appearance of @entity370 is the enlargement of mediastinal lymph-nodes. The clinical picture first of all must be distinguished from the malignant processes and seldom from lymph-node @entity378 . At our clinic material was obtained for cytological examination in two ways: through mediastinoscopy in the course of which we had opportunity of histological evaluation too and by means of transbronchial thin-needle puncture respectively and only cytological examination was performed with this material. We carried out investigations in 155 @entity1 sent to our clinic on account of the suspicion of @entity370 . According to the course of disease or rather other examinations 123 out of 155 @entity1 suffered from @entity370 and in 112 of these cases that is in 91% the diagnosis was verified by the help of cytological examination. In the smears epithelioid cell groups were generally found in large number but Langhans' giant cells could be produced only in 21 cases. In 70 of 123 @entity1 mediastinoscopy and in 53 transbronchial thin-needle biopsy was accomplished. Through cytological investigation of material obtained mediastinoscopically we attained nearly 100% positivity rate and 80% by the help of thin-needle biopsy. Although forasmuch as the transbronchial puncture does not need special intervention because it can be carried out in the course of routine bronchoscopy we think the application of the procedure reasonable not only in finding @entity3 if it involves the @entity1184 of mediastinal lymph-nodes. In this way we spare the @entity1 from further examinations. The cytological finding, of course, must be always fitted in clinical picture but on the basis of our experience the close cooperation between the clinician and cytologist assures the avoidance of wrong diagnosis.

title: Cytological investigation of biopsy performed in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Four of 30 @entity1 cerebral cortex biopsies from @entity1 ranging from four days to about ten years treated for @entity1276 by shunt operations are described paying special attention to the vascular structures. The biopsy specimens were studied in semi-thin and ultrathin sections. Attention is drawn to the role of pinocytotic vesicles found in capillaries and smaller vessels as a possible transcellular route for the hydrocephalic @entity4 resolution. No intercellular dehiscences or the so called blisters were observed. With the passage of time, the number of membrane bound vesicles increased and arrays of pinocytotic vesicles were discernible both on the abluminal as well as luminal aspect of the capillary wall. Additionally, larger vacuoles containing electron-dense material, apparently undergoing autolysis, were also detected. The basal lamina was of uneven thickness and at places duplicated. @entity1184 pericytes exhibited remarkable oedamatous changes, increased vesicular or vascular transport, demonstrating pericyte @entity75 . Swelling of the astrocytic end-feet bordering the capillaries was remarkable. These findings indicate that the CSF or @entity4 fluid is absorbed into the vascular system via a transendothelial pathway.

title: Fine structural features of the cerebral microvasculature in hydrocephalic XXXX @entity1 : correlated clinical observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain-barrier dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE More effective strategies are needed to improve rates of @entity14 , particularly among the poor, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals with limited English proficiency. We examined whether the direct mailing of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) kits to @entity1 overdue for such screening is an effective way to improve screening in this population. METHODS All adults aged 50 to 80 years who did not have documentation of being up to date with @entity14 as of December 31, 2009, and who had had at least 2 visits to the community health center in the prior 18 months were randomized to the outreach intervention or usual care. @entity1 in the outreach group were mailed a @entity14 fact sheet and FOBT kit. @entity1 in the usual care group could be referred for screening during usual clinician visits. The primary outcome was completion of @entity14 (by FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy) 4 months after initiation of the outreach protocol. Outcome measures were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Analyses were based on 104 @entity1 assigned to the outreach intervention and 98 @entity1 assigned to usual care. In all, 30% of @entity1 in the outreach group completed @entity14 during the study period, compared with 5% of @entity1 in the usual care group (P <.001). Nearly all of the screenings were by FOBT. The groups did not differ significantly with respect to the percentage of @entity1 making a clinician visit or the percentage for whom a clinician placed an order for a screening test. CONCLUSIONS The mailing of FOBT kits directly to @entity1 was efficacious for promoting @entity14 among a population with high levels of poverty, limited English proficiency, and racial and ethnic diversity. Non-visit-based outreach to @entity1 may be an important strategy to address suboptimal rates of @entity14 among populations most at risk for not being screened.

title: Program to improve XXXX in a low-income, racially diverse population: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer screening', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer screening']


abstract: Discovering the nature of sacral orientation is of considerable anthropological importance. Therefore, this study aims at presenting a new anthropologically based definition for @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) angle, establishing standards of @entity4536 for @entity1 population; examining the relationship between pelvic incidence (PI) and @entity4536 ; and associating @entity4536 with demographic parameters. The study population consisted of 424 adult and 14 sub-adult (13-18 years, for @entity4536 only) pelvises. Sacral orientation was measured using two different definitions: a) @entity4536 is the angle created between the intersection of a line running parallel to the superior surface of the sacrum and a line running between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the anterior-superior edge of the symphysis pubis; b) PI is the angle created between the perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to the middle of the axis of the acetabulum. @entity4536 was measured using a specially designed mechanical measurement tool and a 3D digitizer. PI was measured via the 3D digitizer. The methods developed by us for measuring @entity4536 and PI in skeletal material are valid and reliable. @entity4536 and PI measures were highly correlated (r = -0.824, P < 0.001). The average @entity4536 was 49.01 degrees (SD = 10.16), and the average PI 54.08 degrees (SD = 12.64). @entity4536 was independent of ethnicity and sex, yet age dependent. This study establishes a methodology for estimating @entity4536 and PI in skeletal material and furnishes the anthropological milieu with base line data regarding these parameters. Future studies in @entity1 evolution can greatly benefit from this study.

title: Orientation of the XXXX sacrum: anthropological perspectives and methodological approaches.

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['SAO', 'sacral anatomical orientation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Treatment of @entity1 polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) separated by density sedimentation (DS) from normal donors (PMNL-NL-DS) with @entity379 ( @entity379 ) + @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) lessens the damage caused by isolation and irradiation. We have studied @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in this system, as well as the behaviour of PMNL collected by continuous flow leucapheresis (CFL) from donors treated with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ). After isolation, PMNLs were treated with @entity379 + @entity1261 , @entity2841 or @entity379 + @entity1261 + @entity2841 , irradiated with 0 or 30 Gy and studied after 0 and 20 h in cell culture. All regimens reduced apoptosis of PMNL-NL-DS. Killing of @entity5132 by 20-h-old PMNL-NL-DS was best preserved by @entity379 + @entity1261 treatment. A similar pattern of results was obtained for assays of PMNL-NL-DS chemotaxis and @entity224 production. There was a consistent trend toward reduced function after irradiation in all assays. @entity1261 less often demonstrated the morphological features of apoptosis, and this was further reduced by cytokine regimens containing @entity379 + @entity1261 . In assays of @entity5132 killing and chemotaxis, 20-h-old untreated @entity1261 performed as well as freshly isolated @entity1261 . @entity1261 showed decay in @entity9536 ( @entity9637 ), @entity4071 (Fc gamma III) and @entity10685 (Fc gamma R1) expression after 20 h in cell culture, but treatment with @entity379 + @entity1261 preserved expression. There was a trend toward reduced function after radiation. Comparison of @entity1261 separated by CFL and DS demonstrated that CFL itself is a strong inducer of the morphological features of apoptosis. This study shows that while separation by CFL, and irradiation are damaging to PMNLs, damage may be reduced by use of cytokines.

title: Effects of in vitro and in vivo cytokine treatment, leucapheresis and irradiation on the function of XXXX neutrophils: implications for white blood cell transfusion therapy.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['PMNL-GCSF', 'G-CSF', 'PMNL-GCSF-CFL', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Disruption of the lysosomal system has emerged as a key cellular pathway in the @entity2359 of @entity8095 ( @entity8095 ) and the progression of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). A large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screen using @entity2199 identified @entity37954 , a multidomain protein involved in lysosomal protein trafficking, as a modifier of @entity8095 accumulation and dopaminergic @entity528 (Hamamichi et al., 2008). Previous studies have shown a conserved neuroprotective function of @entity1 @entity37955 ( @entity37955 ) against @entity191 -relevant toxins in @entity1 cells and @entity2199 neurons (Ruan et al., 2010). Here, we report that both the AP-3 (heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex) interaction domain and clathrin heavy-chain repeat domain are required for protecting @entity2199 dopaminergic neurons from @entity8095 -induced @entity179 , as well as to prevent @entity8095 inclusion formation in an H4 @entity1 neuroglioma cell model. Using mutant @entity2199 and neuron-specific RNAi, we revealed that @entity37955 requires both a functional AP-3 (heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex) and @entity4971 ( @entity10389 )-tethering complex to elicit neuroprotection. Interestingly, two nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms found within the AP-3 interacting domain of @entity37955 attenuated the neuroprotective property, suggestive of putative susceptibility factors for @entity191 . Furthermore, we observed a decrease in @entity8095 protein level when @entity37955 was overexpressed in @entity1 neuroglioma cells. Thus, the neuroprotective capacity of @entity37955 may be a consequence of enhanced clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins, including toxic @entity8095 species. These data reveal the importance of lysosomal trafficking in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the presence of enhanced @entity8095 expression and @entity137 . Our results support @entity37955 as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity191 .

title: Functional analysis of @entity37954 -mediated neuroprotection in @entity2199 and XXXX models of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'synucleinopathies like PD', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity10389 :: ('MESH:C536141', 'Disease') :: ['homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Blockade of @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors in the @entity35 spinal cord diminishes the development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 associated with @entity6784 . @entity1953 uptake studies reveal that @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors are expressed by some @entity16325 -expressing ( @entity16325 +) neurons in lamina I, as well as other neurons throughout the superficial dorsal horn. Selective elimination of @entity16325 + neurons in lamina I and lamina III/IV of the dorsal horn also suppresses development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 . These observations raise the possibility that @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors contribute to excitatory synaptic drive onto the @entity16325 + neurons associated with @entity1931 and @entity1931 . The first synapse in the @entity158 pathway is the glutamatergic excitatory drive from the primary afferent fibres onto dorsal horn neurons. Therefore, we tested whether @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors are located on lamina I and lamina III/IV @entity16325 + neurons postsynaptic to primary afferent fibres, using inward rectification and polyamine toxins for receptor identification. We examined three different populations of dorsal horn neurons; lamina I @entity16325 + neurons, including projection neurons, and non- @entity16325 ( @entity16325 ) neurons including interneurons, and lamina III/IV @entity16325 + neurons, believed to contribute to the low-threshold mechanosensory pathway. The majority of synapses in all three groups had rectification indices less than 1.0 and greater than 0.4, indicating that the @entity140 receptors at these synapses are a mixture of @entity141 -permeable and -impermeable forms. Lamina III/IV @entity16325 + neurons and lamina I @entity16325 - neurons have a significantly higher proportion of postsynaptic @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors than lamina I @entity16325 + neurons. Thus synaptically positioned @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors directly contribute to low-threshold sensory afferent drive into the dorsal horn, and can mediate afferent input onto interneurons such as GABAergic neurons. These receptors also contribute to high-threshold primary afferent drive onto @entity16325 + neurons in the superficial dorsal horn, but do so less consistently.

title: Both XXXX -permeable and -impermeable @entity140 receptors contribute to primary synaptic drive onto @entity35 dorsal horn neurons.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity6784 :: ('MESH:D059348', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral injury']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity2590 is a clonal process characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and progression to @entity3052 . Although many @entity2590 and @entity1778 @entity1 have compromised immunity, the role of underlying mutations in regulating immune function is poorly understood. Recent studies show that @entity43328 - @entity5009 (NHD13) fusion gene results in @entity2590 and impairs lymphocyte differentiation in @entity19 . In our studies, we sought to elucidate the mechanism by which NHD13 affects B-lymphocyte development and function. Based on our preliminary findings that @entity19 had increased levels of IgM and reduced @entity9686 and IgE, we hypothesized that the fusion gene might impair class switch recombination ( @entity43329 ). @entity19 were immunologically challenged with @entity9310 . NHD13 @entity19 showed a marked reduction in B-lymphocyte differentiation in their bone marrow and spleen following @entity9310 stimulation and had reduced production of @entity9310 -specific antibodies. Spleen follicles from these @entity19 were small and hypocellular, indicating failure of clonal expansion. When isolated NHD13 B lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro using @entity526 lipopolysaccharide or @entity17296 + interleukin-4, they failed to undergo sufficient @entity43329 and proliferation. Taken together, our findings show that expression of @entity43328 - @entity5009 impairs @entity43329 and reduces the antibody-mediated immune response, in addition to its role in @entity1778 . Further delineation of the @entity43328 - @entity5009 transgene may reveal novel pathways involved in @entity43329 .

title: A @entity43328 - @entity5009 XXXX fusion gene leads to impaired class switch recombination and antibody production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9310 :: ('CHEBI:39352', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity17296 :: ('CHEBI:16412', 'Chemical') :: ['lipopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'Myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic']


abstract: Addressing male heterosexual risk is a high priority for @entity645 prevention efforts in India. Particularly in urban India, which draws @entity1 for employment opportunities, these efforts are gaining momentum with a focus on understanding possible risk facilitators such as @entity167 use. However, little is known about venues where such efforts might be targeted. In this paper, we explore community-based @entity167 outlets or "wine shops" in Chennai, India, as potential venues. We conducted ethnographic research with wine shop staff and clients to understand @entity167 use and sexual behaviors. We then surveyed 118 wine shop patrons to quantify these risk behaviors and plan an appropriate intervention. Our results show that wine shops are a venue where social and @entity458 . Reports and observations of regular and heavy drinking were frequent. Over 50% of patrons surveyed reported three or more sexual partners in the past 3 months, and 71% of all patrons reported a history of exchanging sex for money. Condom use history was low overall but, in the adjusted analyses, was significantly higher (OR = 20.1) among those who reported that their most recent partner was a sex worker and lower (OR = 0.28) among those who reported they drank to feel disinhibited. The data suggest that wine shops may be an appropriate location to target @entity1 for @entity645 prevention interventions. We discuss how these findings helped design such an intervention in Chennai.

title: Exploring "wine shops" as a venue for XXXX prevention interventions in urban India.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual networks converge']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is a condition resulting from @entity299 that reduces the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. The impaired ventricular function can be attributed to unfavorable ventricular remodeling. Among the pathways that contribute to remodeling process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) appear to be of particular interest. We explored the association of @entity1476 ( @entity37056 , @entity37057 ), @entity1917 ( @entity25456 , @entity37058 ) and @entity1495 ( @entity29118 , @entity37059 ), ( @entity37060 , @entity37061 ), ( @entity37062 , @entity37063 ) genetic variants with @entity1002 in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 310 consecutive @entity1 with angiographically confirmed @entity453 and 230 healthy controls. Among @entity1 with @entity453 , 95 with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF  <= 45) were categorized as @entity1002 . Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The @entity1495 @entity37062 genetic variant was significantly associated with @entity1002 (LVEF  <= 45) (p value=0.009; OR=3.82). To validate our results, we performed a replication study in additional 200 cases with similar clinical characteristics and results again confirmed consistent findings (p value=0.033; OR=3.59). Also the frequency of haplotype R,P,Q comprising @entity37062 variation in @entity1495 was significantly higher in reduced LVEF subjects (p value=0.008; OR=1.83). CONCLUSION: @entity1495 @entity37062 plays important role in conferring susceptibility of @entity1002 .

title: Association of matrix metalloproteinases ( XXXX , @entity1917 and @entity1495 ) genetic variants with left ventricular dysfunction in @entity453 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['clustered structural or functional cardiac disorder']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP2']


abstract: @entity2760 rheumatica (PMR) typically manifests as @entity158 in the shoulder and/or pelvic girdles in a @entity1 over 50 years of age. This condition was long underrecognized and therefore underdiagnosed. Today, however, overdiagnosis may occur. Physicians must be aware that many conditions may simulate PMR, including diseases that carry a grim prognosis or require urgent treatment. PMR may be the first manifestation of @entity226 , and a painstaking search for other signs is mandatory. PMR may inaugurate other @entity66 such as @entity309 , @entity751 , @entity5145 , @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), @entity121 , @entity1333 , and @entity4850 . Finally, PMR may be the first manifestation of an @entity4903 , a @entity5 , or an @entity281 . Failure to respond to glucocorticoid therapy should suggest @entity226 , @entity5 . Ultrasonography may assist in the diagnosis by showing bilateral @entity2585 . Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of the treatment of PMR. Although the optimal starting dosage and tapering schedule are not agreed on, a low starting dosage and slow tapering may decrease the relapse rate. @entity1499 is probably useful when glucocorticoid dependency develops. In contrast, @entity310 antagonists are probably ineffective.

title: XXXX rheumatica: diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease, or infection', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['subdeltoid bursitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['RS3PE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['Polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['chondrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['Polymyalgia']


abstract: 1. The possibility that the antiproliferative effect of @entity8262 - and @entity1919 -dependent vasodilators involves an impaired progression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) through the cell cycle and expression of cyclins, which in association with the @entity1975 -dependent kinases control the transition between the distinct phases of the cell cycle, was examined. 2. FCS (10%) stimulated the transition of quiescent VSMC from the G0/G1 to the S phase (maximum within 18-24 h and then to the G2/M phase (maximum within 22-28 h). @entity1854 and @entity8263 , as well as @entity1928 and @entity5987 markedly reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase after FCS stimulation. 3. FCS stimulated the low basal protein expression of @entity12003 (maximum within 8-24 h) and E (maximum within 8-38 h) and of @entity1975 A (maximum within 14-30 h). The stimulatory effect of FCS on @entity12003 and A expression was inhibited, but that of @entity12002 was only minimally affected by the vasodilators. 4. FCS increased the low basal level of @entity12003 mRNA after a lag phase of 2 h and that of @entity1975 A after 12 h. The vasodilators significantly reduced the FCS-stimulated expression of @entity12003 and A mRNA. 5. These findings indicate that @entity8262 - and @entity1919 -dependent vasodilators inhibit the proliferation of VSMC by preventing the progression of the cell cycle from the G0/G1 into the S phase, an effect which can be attributed to the impaired expression of @entity12003 and A.

title: Growth-inhibitory effect of @entity8262 - and XXXX -dependent vasodilators on rat vascular smooth muscle cells: effect on cell cycle and @entity1975 expression.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Br-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity8263 :: ('MESH:C016276', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Br-cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: As an example of complex auditory signal processing, the analysis of accented speech is potentially vulnerable in the progressive @entity2026 . However, the brain basis of accent processing and the effects of @entity179 on this processing are not well understood. Here we undertook a detailed neuropsychological study of a @entity1 , @entity5066 with @entity17787 , in whom @entity1054 for accents was a prominent clinical feature. We designed a battery to assess @entity5066 's ability to process accents in relation to other complex auditory signals. @entity5066 's performance was compared with a cohort of 12 healthy age and gender matched control @entity1 and with a second @entity1 , PA, who had semantic @entity303 with phonagnosia and @entity10400 but no reported difficulties with accent processing. Relative to healthy controls, the @entity1 showed distinct profiles of accent @entity1054 . @entity5066 showed markedly impaired ability to distinguish change in an individual's accent despite being able to discriminate phonemes and voices (apperceptive accent @entity1054 ); and in addition, a severe deficit of accent identification. In contrast, PA was able to perceive changes in accents, phonemes and voices normally, but showed a relatively mild deficit of accent identification (associative accent @entity1054 ). Both @entity1 showed @entity51 and environmental sound identification, however PA showed an additional deficit of face identification whereas @entity5066 was able to identify (though not name) faces normally. These profiles suggest that @entity5066 has conjoint (or interacting) deficits involving both apperceptive and semantic processing of accents, while PA has a primary semantic (associative) deficit affecting accents along with other kinds of auditory objects and extending beyond the auditory modality. Brain MRI revealed left peri-Sylvian @entity194 in case @entity5066 and relatively focal asymmetric (predominantly right sided) temporal lobe @entity194 in case PA. These cases provide further evidence for the fractionation of brain mechanisms for complex sound analysis, and for the stratification of progressive @entity2026 syndromes according to the signature of nonverbal auditory deficits they produce.

title: XXXX for accents in primary progressive @entity2026 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17787 :: ('MESH:D057178', 'Disease') :: ['progressive nonfluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of voice']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasias', 'aphasia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['Agnosia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 who had severe @entity1468 are at high risk of @entity455 ( @entity1468 , gestational @entity101 , @entity5617 , small for gestational age, @entity5869 ) in subsequent pregnancies. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of subsequent pregnancy after severe @entity1468 with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation during the first pregnancy. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four primiparous @entity1 delivered before 34 weeks of gestation resulting in severe @entity1468 between January 2002 and December 2009. The data of the index pregnancy were identified from the medical record of our maternity, those of the subsequent pregnancy from paper or computerized medical records of the hospitals where deliveries took place. Our study ended on December 31 2011 for a decrease of at least 2 years after the index pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 75 subsequent pregnancies, 59 have been studied. Twenty @entity1 (34%) had @entity455 , in type of gestational @entity101 alone (10%), @entity1468 (65%), isolated small for gestational age (20%) or @entity5617 (5%). Thirty-nine @entity1 (66%) showed no recurrence of @entity455 but only 33 @entity1 (56%) had a pregnancy of course totally physiological. The only risk factor for recurrent @entity455 in subsequent pregnancy was a long time interval between two pregnancies, with an increased risk in case of delay beyond 26 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a history of severe @entity1468 with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation during first pregnancy are at increased risk for @entity455 during the next pregnancy. A close obstetrical monitoring is recommended during a subsequent pregnancy.

title: [Subsequent pregnancy outcomes after first pregnancy with severe XXXX and delivery before 34 weeks of gestation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['gestational vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placenta abruptio']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) and semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) for managing symptomatic persistent @entity3041 during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 19 pregnant @entity1 with unilateral symptomatic persistent @entity3041 . All pregnant @entity1 were assessed with conventional ultrasonography (US) followed by DUS for both kidneys. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 26 years (range 19-40), and the gestational period was 24 weeks (range 16-33). There was a significantly higher mean resistive index in the kidneys with @entity1695 than in the contralateral normal kidneys. Spinal anesthesia was performed on 18 @entity1 , while general anesthesia was performed on 1 @entity1 . Endoscopically stones were found in 17 @entity1 (89.5%), while no stone was found in 2 @entity1 (10.5%). The stones were fragmented by holmium laser and retracted with forceps. After lithotripsy, a ureteral JJ stent was inserted in 8 of 17 (47%) @entity1 with ureteral stones. Intraoperatively, there were no obstetric complications, while ureteral perforation was seen in one @entity1 . Two @entity1 are still pregnant at the time of this writing, and 17 babies were born normally. CONCLUSIONS: Both RI and /\RI increase in unilateral symptomatic persistent @entity3041 during pregnancy. Semi-rigid URS can be used successfully for diagnosis and treatment in these @entity1 .

title: Use of renal resistive index and semi-rigid ureteroscopy for managing symptomatic persistent XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: The introduction of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) makes it possible to demonstrate the pancreas in detail by intraluminal scanning. To assess the clinical usefulness of EUS in the diagnosis of @entity660 , 33 @entity1 with various @entity660 were examined by conventional ultrasonography (US) and EUS concomitantly. There were 16 @entity1 with @entity3123 : 7 chronic @entity788 , 5 pseudocysts, 2 @entity4347 , one each @entity12679 , @entity280 , and @entity45 . An Olympus EUS (Japan) radial type machine with a 7.5 MHz transducer with the balloon inflation method was used. The overall diagnostic sensitivity of conventional US (90.9%, 30/33) was as high as that of EUS (93.9%, 31/33), but the latter demonstrated @entity788 more clearly. Three @entity1 were misdiagnosed by conventional US. One @entity1 with chronic calcifying @entity788 , which was initially diagnosed as dilatation of the main pancreatic duct without evidence of @entity730 by conventional US, was confirmed to have a trace of calcification by EUS and computed tomography. Two other @entity1 , whose initial diagnosis was @entity9007 , were proved to have @entity4347 and @entity12679 respectively by EUS, as a result of improved image resolution. Two @entity1 were misdiagnosed by EUS. One @entity1 with @entity189 of the pancreatic head was missed by EUS because of a partially gastrectomized stomach which precluded successful observation. The other @entity1 with @entity7157 of the pancreatic tail was misdiagnosed as @entity9007 by EUS due to non-visualization of a papillary crescent within a @entity5 . We conclude that EUS and conventional US were complementary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma', 'mucinous cystadenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['simple cyst of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['Von-Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: New parameters complementary to clinical TNM classification are needed, to orient preoperative on the possibility of a R0 @entity356 resection. We analysed the possible predictive value of blood neutrophil/lymphocytic ratio (N/L) in relation to resectability. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-seven @entity356 consecutively diagnosed and without neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the frequency of R0 cases was performed between groups with a normal N/L ratio (<5) and pathological N/L ratio (>= 5). Furthermore, we studied the subgroup of operated @entity1 (n=156) analysing the frequency of R0 resection according to N/L ratio<5 or>= 5. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six @entity1 underwent surgical intervention, of which 139 had R0 resections. A high N/L ratio was registered in 46 cases (17.9%). Globally, resectability was higher in @entity1 with a N/L ratio<5: 59.7% vs. N/L ratio>= 5: 28.6% (P<.001; OR=3.76; 95% CI=1.78-8.04). The relation between N/L ratio<5 and R0 resection was confirmed in the multivariate (P=.006; OR=3.86; 95% CI=1.46-10.22). In the operated subgroup, the higher frequency of R0 resection achievement is maintained in cases with N/L ratio<5: 91.3% vs. 72.2% (P=.015; OR=4.04; 95% CI=1.23-13.26). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a N/L ratio<5 at the diagnosis of a @entity356 is related in a significant and independent way with a higher frequency of R0 tumoral resection, globally. This higher proportion of R0 resection cases in @entity1 with a N/L<5 ratio is confirmed in the subgroup of operated @entity1 .

title: Pretreatment predictive value of blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in R0 XXXX resectability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We applied microdialysis technique to the left adrenal medulla of anesthetized @entity35 and examined the effects of intravenous @entity1025 infusion on presynaptic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release and postsynaptic @entity2922 release induced by electrical stimulation of splanchnic nerves. The dialysis probes were perfused with Ringer's solution containing @entity1339 . Low-dose @entity2400 (25  mol/kg/min for 30 min i.v.) increased mean plasma @entity1025 concentration to 2.5mM; the administration suppressed @entity1063 (NE) release by approximately 30% and epinephrine (Epi) release by approximately 20%, but did not affect @entity1617 release. High-dose @entity2400 (50  mol/kg/min for 30 min i.v.) increased mean plasma @entity1025 concentration to 3.8mM; the administration suppressed @entity1617 release by approximately 25%, NE release by approximately 60% and Epi release by approximately 45%. Administration of @entity2398 (50  mol/kg/min for 30 min i.v.) did not change the release of @entity1617 , NE or Epi. Local administration of @entity594 (200  M) suppressed NE release by approximately 40% and Epi release by approximately 30%, but did not affect @entity1617 release. In the presence of @entity594 , low-dose @entity2400 did not suppress the release of @entity1617 , or further suppress NE or Epi compared to @entity594 alone, but high-dose @entity2400 suppressed @entity1617 release by approximately 25% and further suppressed NE release by approximately 60% and Epi release by approximately 50% compared to @entity594 alone. In conclusion, intravenous administration of @entity1025 inhibits both presynaptic @entity1617 release and postsynaptic @entity2922 release in the adrenal medulla, but L-type @entity141 channel-controlled @entity2922 release may be more sensitive to @entity1025 than non-L-type @entity141 channel-controlled @entity1617 release.

title: Effects of intravenous magnesium infusion on in vivo release of XXXX and @entity2922 in @entity35 adrenal medulla.

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increased use of so-called targeted anti- @entity5 therapies, there has been a change in @entity137 that @entity1 are experiencing. As most targeted therapies are given in conjunction with more traditional chemotherapeutic agents, @entity137 of these combination therapies are also evolving. Whilst we increasingly understand the mechanisms underlying the @entity137 of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the addition of targeted treatments requires a new understanding of both @entity137 and interacting mechanisms. AIMS: The aims of this review (which formed the basis of an invited plenary lecture at the 2006 Annual conference of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer) were to define targeted anti- @entity5 therapy, to describe its known impact on the mucosa, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, and finally to provide an outline for future directions in research into @entity3137 from targeted anti- @entity5 therapies. METHODOLOGY: Two separate literature reviews were conducted. The combined reviews produced 700 papers of which approximately 70 were included in the review. RESULTS: As with @entity3137 (or @entity33 ) in general, the studies are hampered by a lack of @entity3137 as primary endpoint, and the variable definitions and levels of reporting. The depth to which @entity3137 was studied was also inadequate. However, it is clear that the key to understanding @entity137 is to understand the mechanism of action of the drug, from which it should be possible to predict the @entity137 that will occur. CONCLUSIONS: With the increasing use of targeted anti- @entity5 therapies, @entity3137 , particularly in its manifestations of @entity294 , and mouth @entity1066 , is becoming even more prominent. More publications of basic and clinical research in this area is required.

title: XXXX from targeted anti- @entity5 therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['Mucosal injury']


abstract: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity8 (IgAGN), under the age of 15 years at the time of the discovery of the disease, were investigated with respect to @entity631 ( @entity631 ) lesions. Irregular attenuation or widening of @entity631 , especially on the epithelial side, was observed in 28 cases (38%). These two changes are referred to as lysis of @entity631 and were considered to be the primary and specific changes among the @entity8 in IgAGN. @entity631 thickening with layering of lamina densa was found in 37 of 73 cases (51%), but this change has been observed in other types of @entity8 . @entity8 similar to those seen in IgAGN were also observed in Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 ( @entity5417 ) and poststreptococcal acute @entity631 (PSAGN). Lysis of @entity631 was observed only in IgAGN, @entity5417 and PSAGN. @entity8165 appeared to have an important role in the development of these @entity8 . The presence of @entity8 was correlated with a high incidence of cellular crescents but not with other clinical or light microscopic findings. The presence of these @entity8 in IgAGN does not have a significant effect on the prognosis, at least in childhood. The affected @entity631 seemed to recover without leaving any significant @entity16 in most cases. In the long-term prognosis of the disease non-immunological factors, such as ageing or @entity101 , seem to be important.

title: A histopathological study on the prognosis of childhood XXXX and @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8165 :: ('MESH:C567547', 'Disease') :: ['Subepithelial and intramembranous deposits']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'GBM lesions', 'glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['residual damage']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['purpura nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis', 'GBM']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Greater dietary intakes of n-3 long-chain @entity1474 (n-3 @entity5204 ) may be beneficial for depressed mood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review all published randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of n-3 @entity5204 on depressed mood. DESIGN: Eight medical and health databases were searched over all years of records until June 2006 for trials that exposed @entity1 to n-3 @entity5204 or fish, measured depressed mood, were conducted on @entity1 @entity1 , and included a comparison group. RESULTS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials were identified; 12 were included in a meta-analysis. The pooled standardized difference in mean outcome (fixed-effects model) was 0.13 SDs (95% CI: 0.01, 0.25) in those receiving n-3 @entity5204 compared with placebo, with strong evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 79%, P < 0.001). The presence of funnel plot asymmetry suggested that publication bias was the likely source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses that excluded one large trial increased the effect size estimates but did not reduce heterogeneity. Meta-regression provided some evidence that the effect was stronger in trials involving populations with major @entity308 -the difference in the effect size estimates was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.05, 1.41; P = 0.04), but there was still considerable heterogeneity when trials that involved populations with major @entity308 were pooled separately (I2 = 72%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Trial evidence that examines the effects of n-3 @entity5204 on depressed mood is limited and is difficult to summarize and evaluate because of considerable heterogeneity. The evidence available provides little support for the use of n-3 @entity5204 to improve depressed mood. Larger trials with adequate power to detect clinically important benefits are required.

title: Effects of n-3 long-chain XXXX on depressed mood: systematic review of published trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of complications following posterior vertebral resection (PVR) for @entity85 . METHODS: A review of 233 @entity1 treated with PVR at one institution over a nine-year period (1997 to 2005) was performed. The average age was 33.5 years. Complications were assessed in terms of surgical techniques (posterior vertebral column resection [PVCR] and decancellation osteotomy) and etiologies of @entity85 . RESULTS: Local @entity1513 was corrected from 51.4   to 2.7  , @entity1514 63.9   to 24.5   (62.6% correction), and thoracolumbar or lumbar scoliosis 50.1   to 17.1   (67.6%). The overall incidence of complications was 40.3%. There was no significant difference between PVCR and decancellation osteotomy in the incidence of complications. There were more complications in the older @entity1 (>35 years) than the younger (p < 0.05). Hig her than 3,000 ml of @entity190 and 200 minutes of operation time increased the incidence of complications, with significant difference (p < 0.05). More than 5 levels of fusion significantly increased the total number of complications and @entity51 (p < 0.05). Most of the postoperative @entity451 cases had preoperative @entity51 . @entity1513 , especially in tuberculous sequela, had hig her incidences of complications and @entity51 (p < 0.05). More than 40   of @entity1513 correction had the tendency to increase complications and @entity51 without statistical significance (p > 0.05). There was 1 mortality case by @entity712 . Revision surgery was performed in 15 @entity1 for metal failure or progressing curve. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of complications of PVR was 40.3%. Older age, abundant @entity190 , @entity1513 , and long fusion were risk factors for complications.

title: Complications of posterior vertebral resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative kyphosis', 'preoperative kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'postoperative neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: A six-year experience in 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity3217 fungoides treated with combination chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity786 , @entity229 and @entity18143 (BCPE) in advanced @entity3217 fungoides showed initial complete remissions in 16 @entity1 (85%). The initial complete remissions lasted in average 8 months. A second complete remission was obtained in seven @entity1 . The overall survival after 2 years was 50% and 30% after 4 years. At the time of the investigation six @entity1 are alive, three in complete remission and three in partial remission. Two @entity1 are in partial remission after 6 years, one of these had additional therapy with alfa-interferon. @entity1 entering the study until 1982 also received transfer factor, an immune stimulating agent. Since in 1982 a double-blind study revealed no differences between @entity1 given the active--and @entity1 given the inactive medication, no new @entity1 since then had transfer factor. BCPE compares favourable with other chemotherapeutic regimes. The data presented seem to justify the use of @entity4878 as a part of combination chemotherapy in @entity3217 fungoides.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity1732 , XXXX , @entity229 and @entity18143 (BCPE) in advanced @entity3217 fungoides: a six-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity18143 :: ('MESH:D005050', 'Chemical') :: ['etretinate']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: @entity148 and @entity308 are commonly occurring symptoms. @entity148 and @entity1316 usually share common symptoms and they frequently co-exist. There is a considerable body of research that has demonstrated that @entity148 and @entity308 can be distinguished from each other at the syndrome level. There is also evidence that such a distinction is arbitrary and not well substantiated. Clinically, the practitioner is often faced with the problem of treating a @entity1 who presents with @entity148 and @entity308 symptoms at the same time. It is well-established that the first line of treatment in major @entity1316 is the used of tricyclic antidepressant in adequate dosage. The first line of treatment for the @entity148 is usually the administration of @entity1245 anxiolytics. The anti-depressants have to be given for some months to the majority of @entity1 whereas the anxiolytics are given for short periods. The tricyclics have a relatively slow onset of action compared to the @entity1245 . Recent evidence is available about the effectiveness of the @entity38474 in @entity4697 with or without secondary major @entity1316 . There are also reports of the effects of the @entity38474 in primary @entity1316 . In these @entity1316 , the @entity1245 caused rapid relief of both anxious and @entity308 symptomatology. The effects of the @entity1245 occur even in the presence of @entity308 . Where @entity148 and @entity308 coexist, the clinician may wish to consider beginning anti-depressant therapy with combined tricyclic antidepressant and @entity1245 to produce rapid symptom relief. After four weeks the @entity1245 should be faded out and therapy continued with the tricyclic medication alone.

title: The acute treatment of XXXX and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholic depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity38474 :: ('CHEBI:35501', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolo-benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'Anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Dynamic cell interaction with ECM components has profound influence in @entity5 progression. @entity17652 is a component of the ECM, impairs the proliferation of different cell types and modulates @entity5 cell aggressive features. We previously reported that @entity17652 expression significantly impairs @entity2946 @entity5 growth in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of @entity17652 inhibits @entity2946 cell proliferation. @entity98 assay indicated a dose-dependent reduction in @entity5 cell proliferation in adenoviral mediated expression of @entity17652 full length cDNA (Ad-DsRed-SP) in D425 and UW228 cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Ad-DsRed-SP-infected cells accumulate in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Further, immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that @entity17652 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest was mediated through inhibition of the Cyclin-B-regulated signaling pathway involving @entity5207 and @entity16602 expression. Additionally, expression of @entity17652 decreased @entity10433 phosphorylation at Tyr-705; constitutively active @entity10433 expression reversed @entity17652 induced G2/M arrest. Ad-DsRed-SP significantly inhibited the pre-established orthotopic @entity5 growth and @entity5 volume in @entity19 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity5 sections from @entity19 treated with Ad-DsRed-SP showed decreased immunoreactivity for pSTAT3 and increased immunoreactivity for @entity5207 compared to @entity5 section from @entity19 treated with mock and Ad-DsRed. Taken together our studies further reveal that @entity10433 plays a key role in @entity17652 induced G2/M arrest in @entity2946 cells. These new findings provide a molecular basis for the mechanistic understanding of the effects of @entity17652 on @entity2946 @entity5 cell proliferation.

title: XXXX expression induces cell cycle arrest via @entity10433 signaling pathway in @entity2946 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity17652 :: (20692(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SPARC']


abstract: Neonatal basolateral amygdala (nBLA) lesions in @entity35 have been widely used as a neurodevelopmental model that mimics @entity161 -like behaviors. Recently, we reported that nBLA lesions result in significant decreases in the dendritic spine number of layer 3 prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal cells and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), which all changes after puberty. At present, we aimed to evaluate the effect of this lesion in pyramidal neurons of @entity1249 of the ventral hippocampus (VH) and layer 5 of the PFC. In order to assess the effects of nBLA lesions on the dendritic morphology of the PFC and VH neurons, we carried out nBLA lesions in @entity35 on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 7, and then we studied the dendritic morphology of these two limbic subregions at prepubertal (PD35) and postpubertal (PD60) ages. Dendritic characteristics were measured by Golgi-Cox procedure followed by Sholl analysis. We also evaluated the effects of nBLA lesions on the prepulse inhibition (PPI) and acoustic @entity427 responses. The nBLA lesion induced a significant increase in dendritic length of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the PFC at both ages, with a decrease in the dendritic spines density after puberty. The spine density of @entity1249 VH pyramidal neurons showed significant decreases at both ages. PPI was decreased in adulthood in the animals with an nBLA lesion. These results show that an nBLA lesion alters the dendritic morphology at the level of the PFC and VH in distinct ways before puberty, suggesting a disconnection between these limbic structures at an early age, and increasing our understanding of the implications of the VH in early @entity409 in @entity161 .

title: Dendritic morphology of neurons in prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus of XXXX with neonatal amygdala lesion.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal day', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['amygdala dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with solitary autonomous thyroid nodules (15 nontoxic, 10 toxic) received percutaneous @entity1068 injection treatment (PEIT) under sonographic guidance in 4-7 sessions (1-2 weekly). To test different doses, smaller nodules (volume less than 15 mL) were given 0.75-2.8 mL @entity1068 /mL nodular tissue while larger nodules received 0.5-1 mL/mL. Except for 1 @entity1 who developed @entity590 , no relevant adverse effects were observed. A slight, asymptomatic increase in serum @entity6145 levels was observed in both groups during the treatment. Three months after treatment, a biochemical and clinical remission of @entity1378 was observed in 8 of 10 @entity1 with toxic nodules. A significant increase of TSH level was seen in both groups (p less than 0.01). Significant shrinkage of volume (p less than 0.001) as well as structural alterations of nodules were consistently recorded at sonography. A linear relationship (r = 0.98; p less than 0.0001) between pretreatment volume and volume reduction was found both for large and small nodules, thus suggesting that even limited @entity1068 doses may be therapeutically effective. A recovery of extranodular parenchyma activity at scintiscan occurred in 16 (64%) of 25 @entity1 . These data confirm that PEIT is effective in obtaining functional ablation and in inducing remission of @entity1378 . Adverse effects are infrequent. In spite of the small @entity1 sample, a 0.5-1 mL @entity1068 dose per each mL of tissue appears as effective as larger doses and seems appropriate for treatment.

title: Percutaneous XXXX injection treatment of autonomously functioning single thyroid nodules: optimization of treatment and short term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While tight @entity413 control has been widely adopted in the critical care setting, the optimal target @entity413 level following acute @entity131 ( @entity131 ) remains debatable. This observational study was conducted to delineate the relationship between @entity413 levels and clinical outcomes during acute phase (first 5 days) of @entity131 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 429 @entity131 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2005 to December 2006. Of those, 380 @entity1 were retained for final analysis. Collected data included demographics, admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), and APACHE II, @entity413 on admission and during the first 5 days of admission, and insulin use. Clinical outcomes included mortality, ICU, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: The overall hospital mortality was 13.2% (n = 50). Demographics were similar between survivor and nonsurvivor groups; however, nonsurvivors were older and had worse disease severity on admission. Nonsurvivors also had significantly higher @entity413 levels at admission and during the first 24 h of admission (P < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, admission and day-1 peak @entity413 were better predictors for mortality compared to hospital days 2-5 @entity413 levels, with day-1 peak @entity413 being the best predictor of mortality (AUC = 0.820). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that @entity1 with @entity413 <160 mg/dl during the first day of ICU admission had a significantly better survival rate compared to those with @entity413 > or =160 mg/dl (P < 0.001). Two @entity413 bands, <60 and > or =160 mg/dl, were identified to be associated with increased mortality irrespective of injury severity (OR = 1.130; 95% CI 1.034-1.235; P = 0.007; OR = 1.034; 95% CI 1.021-1.047, P < 0.001; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our study suggest a @entity413 level > or =160 mg/dl within the first 24 h of admission following @entity131 is associated with poor outcomes irrespective of severity of injury, and this presents a timeframe for which active therapeutic interventions may improve clinical outcomes. Prospective efficacy trials are needed to corroborate these findings.

title: Clinical impact of early hyperglycemia during acute phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity490 is a frequent symptom of peritoneal cavity irritation, but little is known about the role of the receptors for irritant substances, @entity5510 ( @entity5510 ) and @entity42854 ( @entity29603 ), in this @entity158 . Thus, we investigated the @entity490 caused by peritoneal stimulation with @entity5510 ( @entity2951 ) and @entity29603 ( @entity9080 , @entity16786 ) agonists and their mechanisms in @entity35 . The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either @entity2951 or @entity16786 (0.03-10 mg/kg) induced short-term (up to 20 min) and dose-dependent @entity490 , and also produced @entity5019 expression in spinal afferents of the dorsal horn. @entity5510 antagonism prevented (94    4% inhibition) nociception induced by @entity2951 but not by @entity16786 . In contrast, the @entity29603 antagonism almost abolished @entity16786 -induced nociception (95    2% inhibition) without altering the @entity2951 response. Moreover, nociception induced by either @entity2951 or @entity16786 was reduced by the desensitisation of @entity5510 -positive sensory fibres with resiniferatoxin (73    18 and 76    15% inhibitions, respectively) and by the @entity16325 antagonist aprepitant (56    5 and 53    8% inhibitions, respectively). Likewise, the i.p. injections of @entity2951 or @entity16786 increased the content of substance P in the peritoneal fluid. Nevertheless, neither the mast cell membrane stabiliser cromoglycate, nor the H1 antagonist @entity4489 , nor depletion of peritoneal macrophages affected @entity490 induced either by @entity2951 or @entity16786 . Accordingly, neither @entity2951 nor @entity16786 increased the @entity112 content in the peritoneal fluid or provoked peritoneal mast cell degranulation in vitro. Collectively, our findings suggest that @entity5510 and @entity29603 stimulation in the peritoneum produces @entity490 that is mediated by sensory fibres activation.

title: Mechanisms involved in @entity490 induced by either XXXX or @entity29603 stimulation of @entity35 peritoneum.

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity9080 :: ('MESH:C004471', 'Chemical') :: ['allyl isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal nociception', 'Abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5510 :: (83810(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TRPV1']


abstract: The rate of @entity134 synthesis is regulated by the rate of transport of @entity165 to mitochondria. The transport process involves two elements of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments and intermediate filaments) and @entity141 / calmodulin. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence reveal that lipid droplets in which steroidogenic @entity165 is stored in the cytoplasm are tightly attached to @entity2277 intermediate filaments. Mitochondria are also attached to intermediate filaments. @entity141 /calmodulin is known to be essential for the steroidogenic response to ACTH and acts to increase transport of @entity165 to mitochondria. @entity141 / calmodulin promotes phosphorylation of two important adrenal proteins: @entity2277 via its protein kinase and @entity3999 light chain via the calmodulin-dependent light-chain kinase. In permeabilized adrenal cells @entity141 /calmodulin causes an @entity855 -dependent contraction of the cells. Phosphorylation of @entity2277 is known to cause breakdown of intermediate filaments. Electron microscopy reveals that actin filaments cross-link intermediate filaments in adrenal cells. It is proposed that ACTH has at least two second messengers, @entity141 /calmodulin and @entity268 . @entity141 /calmodulin causes breakdown of @entity2277 filaments and activates a contractile event dependent on @entity855 and @entity3999 light chain. These changes reorganize the cytoskeleton in such a way as to facilitate the interaction of lipid droplets with mitochondria, resulting in transport of @entity165 to these organelles and hence increased @entity134 synthesis.

title: The roles of calmodulin, actin, and @entity2277 in XXXX synthesis by adrenal cells.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small temporal pole encephalocele (STPE) can be the pathologic substrate of @entity302 in a subgroup of @entity1 with noninformative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, we analyzed the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiologic features of the @entity302 found in 22 @entity1 with STPE, and the frequency of STPE in @entity1 with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). METHODS: We performed an observational study of all @entity1 with STPE identified at our @entity302 unit from January 2007 to December 2014. Cases were detected through a systematic search of our database of @entity1625 @entity1 evaluated for surgery, and a prospective collection of @entity1 identified at the outpatient clinic. The @entity1625 database was also employed to analyze the frequency of STPE among the different clinical subgroups. RESULTS: We identified 22 @entity1 with STPE (11 @entity1 ), including 12 (4.0%) of 303 @entity1 from the @entity1625 database, and 10 from the outpatient clinic. The median age was 51.5 years (range 29-75) and the median age at @entity410 onset was 38.5 years (range 15-73). Typically, 12 (80%) of 15 @entity1 with left STPE reported @entity410 with @entity73 . Among the @entity1625 cases, STPE were found in 9.6% of @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and in 0.5% of those with extra- @entity1315 (p = 0.0001). STPEs were more frequent in @entity1315 @entity1 with an initial MRI study reported as normal (23.3%) than in those with MRI-visible lesions (1.4%; p = 0.0002). Stereo-electroencephalography was performed in four @entity1 , confirming the localization of the epileptogenic zone at the temporal pole with late participation of the hippocampus. Long-term @entity410 control was achieved in four of five operated @entity1 . SIGNIFICANCE: STPE can be a hidden cause of @entity1315 in a subgroup of @entity1 with an initial report of "normal" MRI. Early identification of this lesion may help to select @entity1 for presurgical evaluation and tailored resection.

title: Small temporal pole encephalocele: A hidden cause of "normal" MRI XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['refractory focal epilepsy', 'RFE']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of language']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 who have brain metastases from @entity320 is limited. In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of treatment with @entity2903 in @entity1 with @entity320 , including small brain metastases, who did not require immediate RT and investigated the feasibility of deferring RT. METHODS: @entity1 with brain @entity3 were identified from 3 prospective studies of @entity2903 (with or without immunotherapy) for @entity320 . @entity1 with brain @entity3 that measured >2 cm, extensive @entity4 , and localization in the brain stem were excluded from the study. For the current analysis, @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity1 who received previous stereotactic RT were excluded. In @entity1 who achieved a systemic response or stabilization to @entity2903 , the response of brain @entity3 and the necessity for palliative cranial RT were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 179 @entity1 who received @entity2903 for advanced @entity320 , 52 @entity1 with brain @entity3 were evaluable. Stabilization of systemic @entity3 was noted in 7 of 52 @entity1 (13%), and there were 6 responses (5 partial responses and 1 complete response; 11%); thus, in those 13 @entity1 , 6 had stabilization of brain @entity3 (11%) and 5 had a response (2 partial responses and 3 complete responses; 9%). Immunotherapy did not influence the neurologic response. The median time to neurologic progression was 7 months (range 2-15, months). RT for cerebral recurrence was required in 2 @entity1 . The median survival of @entity1 with brain metastases was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval, 4.4-6.8 months). @entity932 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that it is feasible to treat @entity1 who have advanced @entity320 and small brain @entity3 with @entity2903 as the single treatment. The small subset of @entity1 with systemic response usually showed durable stabilization or a response of brain @entity3 . With this approach, @entity16 can be controlled, and cranial irradiation may be deferred and even withheld in most of @entity1 .

title: XXXX in advanced @entity320 with small brain metastases: can we withhold cranial irradiation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'leptomeningeal metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laser flare photometry (LFP) is a new quantitative method for the evaluation of aqueous flare, making flare the only inflammatory parameter that can be evaluated precisely and objectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory pattern of acute human leukocyte antigen-B27 ( @entity1530 )-related anterior @entity1596 and to determine further clinical use and limitations of LFP in posterior @entity32 . METHODS: In the first part of the study, 78 episodes of @entity1530 -related @entity6990 were analyzed to determine mean pretreatment (initial) flare, mean flare evolution, need for additional periocular steroids, and mean duration of an episode. In the second part of the study, the use of LFP was further tested in posterior @entity32 , first by analyzing the predictive value of a subclinical LFP-detected flare increase for disease recrudescence in @entity3170 , and then by exploring clinical applications for LFP in @entity23351 , where LFP was essential either in the establishment of a diagnosis or in guiding therapeutic decisions. RESULTS: Mean initial flare in @entity1530 -related @entity6990 was 160 +/- 22 photons/msec, and mean duration of an episode was 18.5 +/- 15 days. A 50% and 90% flare reduction occurred after 2 and 8 days, respectively. In @entity3170 , LFP was accurate in monitoring response to systemic @entity134 therapy and a small flare increase was predictive for disease recrudescence in five of six cases (predictive value 0.83, sensitivity 100%). In @entity23351 , LFP was sensitive to monitor systemic treatments and to establish a diagnosis in unclear cases by measuring the effect of a selective therapy (therapeutic trial) on the flare level. CONCLUSION: In acute anterior @entity1530 -associated @entity1596 , LFP represented a potential improvement in management by allowing precise adjustment of therapy. In @entity1596 of the posterior segment, our data confirm the validity of LFP to monitor response and adjust systemic therapy and to detect disease recurrence in @entity1 with a sufficient pretreatment level of associated blood-aqueous barrier disruption (flare).

title: Use of laser flare photometry to assess and monitor @entity32 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['posterior scleritis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Using a structured literature search and meta-regression procedures, this study sought to determine whether associations between joint attention and language are moderated by group ( @entity72 [ @entity72 ] vs. @entity245 [ @entity245 ]), joint attention type (responding to joint attention [RJA] vs. other), and other study design features and @entity1 characteristics. Studies were located using database searches, hand searches, and electronic requests for data from experts in the field. This resulted in 71 reports or datasets and 605 effect sizes, representing 1,859 @entity1 with @entity72 and 1,835 @entity245 @entity1 . Meta-regression was used to answer research questions regarding potential moderators of the effect sizes of interest, which were Pearson's r values quantifying the association between joint attention and language variables. In the final models, conducted separately for each language variable, effect sizes were significantly higher for the @entity72 group as compared to the @entity245 group, and for RJA as compared to non-RJA joint attention types. Approximate mental age trended toward significance for the expressive language model. Joint attention may be more tightly tied to language in @entity1 with @entity72 as compared to @entity245 @entity1 because @entity245 @entity1 exhibit joint attention at sufficient thresholds so that language development becomes untethered to variations in joint attention. Conversely, @entity1 with @entity72 who exhibit deficits in joint attention develop language contingent upon their joint attention abilities. Because RJA was more strongly related to language than other types of joint attention, future research should involve careful consideration of the operationalization and measurement of joint attention constructs. @entity2438 Res 2016.    2016 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Associations between joint attention and language in @entity72 and XXXX : A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typical development']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['typical development']


abstract: Studies of the effect of sex on the metabolic state of @entity35 with chronic @entity101 and concomitant @entity1283 were conducted. Female and male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) with early @entity1283 (5.5 mo old) were used. Serum @entity1718 , liver glycogen, and myocardial glycogen were measured at baseline and after the @entity35 were deprived of food for 24 h. The metabolic effects of progressive @entity1283 in females were assessed in additional groups of female SHRs (5.5 or 12 mo old) under the following conditions: control, food deprived, or food deprived and refed with equienergetic lipid-rich (38.9% of total energy) or @entity1735 -rich (76.5% of total energy) diets. Despite no differences in serum @entity1718 , females had significantly higher baseline myocardial glycogen and liver glycogen concentrations than males. In response to food deprivation, females continued to have significantly higher myocardial glycogen and @entity844 concentrations than males, whereas there were no sex differences in liver glycogen, which was depleted in both males and females. Older @entity101 females had higher baseline @entity844 concentrations and lower liver glycogen concentrations than younger females, whereas there were no differences in myocardial glycogen. Food deprivation doubled @entity844 concentrations, depleted liver glycogen, and increased myocardial glycogen in both age groups. In both age groups, @entity844 concentrations and liver glycogen did not return to baseline values after food deprivation and refeeding. In both age groups, @entity844 concentrations increased further after the lipid-rich diet whereas liver glycogen concentrations returned to approximately 50% of baseline values after the @entity1735 -rich diet. Refeeding with either diet did not significantly increase myocardial glycogen further. Thus, the metabolic response to dietary manipulation was influenced by both sex and, in females, progressive pathology.

title: Sex differences in response to dietary manipulation in XXXX with @entity101 and @entity1283 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']