abstract: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using two cosmid probes (41A and @entity4668 ) from the @entity4289 ( @entity4289 ) critical region in 17p13.3 was performed in a blinded comparison of three @entity4289 @entity1 with submicroscopic deletions and in four normal relatives used as controls. The controls showed both chromosome 17 homologues labeled in 85%-95% of cells, while each @entity1 showed only one homologue labeled in 75%-80% of cells. Two @entity4289 @entity1 with @entity6159 translocations were also studied. In one case, a @entity1 and her mother had the same der(17) (p+), but the reciprocal product of the translocation could not be identified in the mother by G-banding (i.e., it was a "half- @entity6159 " translocation). FISH revealed a 3q;17p translocation. The other case involved a @entity1 with apparently normal karyotype. Because a large molecular deletion was found, a translocation involving two G-negative telomeres (i.e., a "full- @entity6159 " translocation) was postulated. FISH studies on her father and normal brother showed an 8q;17p translocation. These studies demonstrate that in situ hybridization is an efficient method for deletion detection in @entity4289 . More important, parental studies by FISH on @entity1 demonstrating molecular deletions and a normal karyotype may identify @entity6159 translocation events, which cannot be detected by other molecular genetic strategies. Similar in situ strategies for deletion detection can be developed for other microdeletion syndromes, such as @entity6038 or @entity2418 .

title: Detection of deletions and @entity6159 translocations in XXXX by in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4289 :: ('MESH:D054221', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'Miller-Dieker syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

answer: @entity4289 :: (MESH:D054221,Disease) :: ['Miller-Dieker syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant @entity1347 is a marker of severe prognosis in @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective observational study in @entity1 with inferior @entity583 and @entity308 > or = 4 mm in the anterior leads, who were treated with primary angioplasty. Angiography was performed at hospital discharge and at six months, and a clinical follow-up was obtained at one year after the @entity1188 . RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were included in the study. Pre-hospital and in-hospital delay were 147 +/- 70 minutes (20-355) and 54 +/- 11 minutes (18-80), respectively. Angioplasty was successful in all @entity1 and 48 stents were implanted in 36 @entity1 (57%). Angiography was performed at hospital discharge in 55 @entity1 (87%) and showed a TIMI grade 3 coronary flow in the @entity1188 in all cases. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.55 +/- 0.09 (0.4-0.8). One @entity1 (1.6%) died before discharge, two (3.2%) had @entity63 complications (one had non-fatal reinfarction, another had recurrent @entity1459 ), and three (4.9%) had @entity455 . At the six-month follow-up, none of the @entity1 had died. One had suffered reinfarction (1.6%) and another had been readmitted for recurrence of @entity1459 (1.6%); none had symptoms of @entity5749 . The ejection fraction was 0.56 +/- 0.12 and eight @entity1 (14%) showed angiographic @entity256 . At twelve months, two @entity1 had died (1.6%) and five (8%) had required readmission to hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Primary angioplasty yielded favorable results in this group of @entity1 . Our data confirm the efficacy of primary angioplasty for the treatment of @entity583 , with a low rate of clinical (3.2%) and angiographic (14%) @entity256 at six months, and a high rate (87%) of event-free survival at one year follow-up.

title: [Primary angioplasty in acute inferior XXXX with @entity1347 : the long-term follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['local vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['angina at rest']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'inferior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: In each of 49 intact premolars from @entity1 between 9 and 15 years of age, one buccal and one lingual cavity were prepared. The 98 cavities were filled with either Silicap, Sevriton Simplified or Adddent XV. After 2 weeks 19, and after 6 months 30 of the teeth were extracted. The histologic investigation included remaining dentin, reduction in the number of odontoblasts, inflammatory cells, @entity39 , tertiary dentin and bacteria. After 2 weeks a loss of odontoblasts and @entity32 was seen beneath two-thirds of the cavities, and small necrotic areas in 11 of the 38 instances. After 6 months the loss of odontoblasts was a little more pronounced, the @entity32 a little less, and @entity39 could not be observed. Tertiary dentin was registered beneath most of the cavities after 6 months. The reactions to the three filling materials were quite similar in quality and quantity. The amount of remaining dentin influenced the degree of @entity32 and amount of tertiary dentin after 6 months beneath cavities filled with Silicap, and @entity32 after 2 weeks and 6 months beneath Addent. Bacteria were observed in nearly all cavities 6 months after the treatment.

title: Pulp reactions in XXXX teeth to tooth colored filling materials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have developed a novel, non-toxic inhibitor of advanced glycation and oxidative stress, @entity56854 , devoid of effect on blood pressure. In transient focal @entity63 , @entity56854 significantly decreased @entity1188 volume compared with vehicle (79.5+/-18.7 vs. 183.3+/-22.9 mm3, p<0.01). In permanent focal @entity63 , @entity56854 (2.79, 5.58, and 11.16 mg/kg twice a day) dose-dependently reduced @entity1188 volume (242.1+/-32.3, 201.3+/-15.1, and 171.3+/-15.2 mm3, respectively), and improved @entity51 . Reduction of @entity1188 volume is demonstrable, provided that @entity56854 was administered within 1.5 h after the occlusion. To unravel @entity56854 's mechanism of action, we examined its in vitro effect on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, using aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from ORP 150(+/-) @entity19 and F9 Herp null mutated cells. Cell @entity204 induced by ER stress ( @entity2425 or @entity519 ) was dose-dependently prevented by @entity56854 . In vivo immunohistochemical study demonstrated a significant reduction of ORP- and TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, especially in the penumbra. Inhibition of advanced glycation and oxidative stress was confirmed by a significantly reduced number of cells positive for advanced glycation end products and @entity22456 . @entity56854 reduced the levels of protein @entity6738 formation in @entity63 caudate. The efficacy of @entity56854 is equivalent to that of a known neuroprotective agent, @entity37631 . In conclusion, @entity56854 significantly ameliorates @entity63 cerebral damage through reduction of ER stress, advanced glycation, and oxidative stress, independently of blood pressure lowering.

title: A novel inhibitor of advanced glycation and endoplasmic reticulum stress reduces XXXX volume in rat focal cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study we compare transvaginal sonography with MR imaging for use in detecting the depth of myometrial involvement by @entity1204 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity1204 had transvaginal sonography and MR imaging at 0.5 T. All the @entity1 had a hysterectomy within 1-10 days after the imaging studies. The results of histologic examination of the surgical specimen were considered the gold standard of the study. We compared transvaginal sonography and MR imaging for use in assessing @entity3 by @entity1204 by means of the staging classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics: stage Ia ( @entity5 limited to endometrium), stage Ib (invasion of less than half the myometrium), stage Ic (invasion of more than half the myometrium). The overdiagnoses and the underdiagnoses for both techniques were calculated. We also evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques for assessing the presence of @entity3 (stage Ib + stage Ic) and the presence of deep @entity3 (stage Ic). The diagnostic indexes evaluated and the differences between them were analyzed by using McNemar's test and 95% confidence intervals. The staging diagnoses based on MR imaging and sonographic findings were compared with staging diagnoses based on histologic examination, and a score was assigned to each diagnosis: these scores were then evaluated with Wilcoxon's signed rank test for paired data. RESULTS: Histologic examination showed that six of the 42 @entity1 had @entity5 confined to the endometrium (stage Ia), 14 had involvement of the inner half of the myometrium (stage Ib), and 22 had involvement of the outer half of the myometrium (stage Ic). The staging was concordant between the two imaging techniques in 32 cases (concordance, 76%). Among the 10 discordant cases, diagnosis was correct in six cases for MR and four cases for sonography. Overall staging based on sonography was correct with respect to histologic staging in 29 cases (69%; 95% confidence interval, 52-81%). @entity5 (12%) were underdiagnosed and eight (19%) were overdiagnosed. Staging based on MR findings was correct with respect to histologic staging in 31 cases (74%; 95% confidence interval, 58-85%). @entity5 (12%) were underdiagnosed, and six (14%) were overdiagnosed. CONCLUSION: In our experience, there is no difference in the staging diagnoses of transvaginal sonography and MR imaging. Also, concordance with histologic staging diagnoses and sensitivity and specificity indexes did not show statistical differences between the two techniques, although these last results have to be considered with caution because of the low power of the statistical tests.

title: Estimating the depth of myometrial involvement by XXXX : efficacy of transvaginal sonography vs MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'stage I endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Obesity may be viewed as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease as well as a @entity209 . Indeed, unbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines critically contributes to the @entity28 -induced insulin resistance. In addition to lipid-laden mature adipocytes, adipose tissue is composed of various stromal cells such as preadipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that may be involved in adipose tissue functions. Accumulating evidence has suggested that adipocytes and stromal cells in adipose tissue change dramatically in number and cell type during the course of @entity28 , which is referred to as "adipose tissue remodeling." Among stromal cells, infiltration of macrophages in @entity28 adipose tissue precedes the development of insulin resistance in animal models, suggesting that they are crucial for @entity32 . We have provided evidence suggesting that a paracrine loop involving @entity1718 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a derived from adipocytes and macrophages, respectively, aggravates @entity28 -induced @entity32 . On the other hand, storing excessive energy as @entity412 is also a fundamental function of adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that reduced lipid storage in @entity28 adipose tissue contributes to ectopic lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, where lipotoxicity impairs their metabolic functions. Notably, @entity32 is capable of inducing insulin resistance, lipolysis, and interstitial @entity82 in adipose tissue, all of which may reduce the lipid-storing function. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying adipose tissue remodeling may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat @entity28 -induced @entity32 .

title: XXXX and ectopic lipid accumulation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'adipose tissue inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Adipose tissue inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Improved local control of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) may be possible with an increased dose of radiation. Three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3D RTP) was used to design a radiation therapy (RT) dose escalation trial, where the dose was determined by (a) the effective volume of normal lung irradiated, and (b) the estimated risk of a complication. Preliminary results of this trial were reviewed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A graph of the iso-normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) levels associated with a dose and effective volume (V(eff)) was derived, using normal tissue parameters derived from the literature. This led to a dose escalation schema, where @entity1 were sorted into 1 of 5 treatment bins, determined by the V(eff) of the best possible treatment plan. The starting doses ranged from 63 to 84 Gy. Each treatment bin was then escalated separately, as in Phase I dose escalation fashion, with Grade > or = 3 radiation @entity55 defined as dose limiting. To allow for dose escalation, we required @entity1 follow-up to be > or = 6 months for at least three @entity1 . 3D treatment planning was used to irradiate only the radiographically abnormal areas, with 2.1 Gy (corrected for lung inhomogeneity)/day. Clinically uninvolved lymph nodes were not treated prophylactically. RESULTS: A total of 48 @entity1149 @entity1 have been treated (Stage I/II: 18 @entity1 ; Stage III: 28 @entity1 ; mediastinal recurrence postsurgery: 2 @entity1 ). No radiation @entity55 has been observed in the 30 @entity1 currently evaluable beyond the 6-month time point. All treatment bins have been escalated at least once. Current doses in the five treatment bins are 69.3, 69.3, 75.6, 84, and 92.4 Gy. None of the 15 evaluable @entity1 in any bin with > or = 30% NTCP experienced clinical radiation @entity55 , implying that the actual risk is < 20% (beta error rate 5%). Despite the observation of the clinically negative lymph nodes at high risk, there has been no failure in the untreated mediastinum as the sole site of first failure. Three of 10 @entity1 receiving > or = 84 Gy have had biopsy proven residual or locally recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Successful dose escalation in a volume-dependent organ can be performed using this technique. By incorporating the effective volume of irradiated tissue, some @entity1 have been treated to a total dose of radiation over 50% higher than traditional doses. The literature-derived parameters appear to overestimate @entity55 risk with higher volumes. There has been no obvious negative effect due to exclusion of elective lymph node radiation. When completed, this trial will have determined the maximum tolerable dose of RT as a single agent for @entity1149 and the appropriate dose for Phase II investigation.

title: Dose escalation for XXXX using conformal radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial mutations have been shown to be responsible for @entity3491 . AIM: To assess the genotypic-phenotypic correlation of mitochondrial DNA mutations in three generations of a single family. METHODS: A single family with maternally inherited @entity6 and @entity393 was recruited. Genomic DNA was subject to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (ApaI) for @entity23355 mutation detection and confirmation with direct DNA sequencing. The degree of heteroplasmy for the @entity23355 mutation in blood DNA samples was quantified. In addition, we reviewed audiological data of @entity23355 -associated @entity393 cases from the literature to provide details of audiologic features. RESULTS: Six of 11 family members were recruited. All affected members harbored the @entity23355 mutation. Four of six members had @entity6 . Five of five affected members demonstrated @entity393 ranging from mild to severe. The degree of heteroplasmy ranged from 5.51% to 27.74%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a greater percentage of heteroplasmy have a trend toward more severe phenotypic presentations. @entity393 is bilateral, sensorineural, and symmetric. The main audiogram shapes found were sloping. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between degree of heteroplasmy and phenotypic presentation.

title: Audiologic and genetic features of the XXXX mtDNA mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity23355 :: (c|SUB|A|3243|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A3243G']


abstract: The @entity460 channel blockers are useful in treating many @entity65 . Due to their anti- @entity63 and spasmolytic properties, the cardioprotective effects of these agents have been studied in the setting of @entity583 . This paper will review this application with respect to limitation of @entity1188 size, reduction of mortality, and incident morbidity rates. Of the agents currently available for clinical use, @entity594 has been studied most extensively. This agent shows no beneficial effects and its use can, in fact, be harmful in this setting. Of the few trials that have been conducted with @entity1855 , none have shown a preventive effect on death, reinfarction, or @entity951 . Both @entity1855 and @entity3988 might limit @entity1188 size although further confirmation is required. At the present time, @entity3988 is the only agent shown to have short- and long-term benefits on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity583 . The success of prophylactic @entity3988 is, however, critically dependent on proper @entity1 selection. In particular, those @entity1 with non-Q wave @entity1188 , normal left ventricular function, or both can be expected to derive the greatest benefit in terms of reduced mortality and incident morbidity.

title: Current status of @entity460 channel-blocking drugs after Q wave and non-Q wave XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies on the role of laparoscopy in secondary or tertiary cytoreduction for recurrent @entity43 are limited. Our objective is to describe our preliminary experience with laparoscopic secondary/tertiary cytoreduction in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective case series. @entity1 with recurrent @entity2670 , or primary peritoneal @entity5 deemed appropriate candidates for laparoscopic debulking by the primary surgeon(s) were recruited. The @entity1 underwent exploratory video laparoscopy, biopsy, and laparoscopic secondary/tertiary cytoreduction between June 1999 and October 2009. Variables analyzed include stage, site of disease, extent of cytoreduction, operative time, @entity190 , length of hospital stay, complications, and survival time. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were recruited. Only one surgery involved conversion to laparotomy. Seventeen (77.3%) of the @entity1 had stage IIIC disease at the time of their initial diagnosis, and 20 (90.9%) had laparotomy for primary debulking. Median @entity190 was 75 mL, median operative time 200 min, and median hospital stay 2 d. No @entity3816 occurred. One @entity1 (4.5%) had @entity86 . Eighteen (81.8%) of the @entity1 with recurrent disease were optimally cytoreduced to 1cm. Overall, 12 @entity1 have no evidence of disease (NED), 6 are @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 4 have died of disease (DOD), over a median follow-up of 14 mo. Median disease-free survival was 71.9 mo. CONCLUSIONS: In a well-selected population, laparoscopy is technically feasible and can be utilized to optimally cytoreduce @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 .

title: Safety and efficacy of video laparoscopic surgical debulking of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian, fallopian, or primary peritoneal cancers', 'ovarian, fallopian, and primary peritoneal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive with disease', 'AWD']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers']


abstract: @entity49 ( @entity49 ) is being diagnosed more frequently with the use of advanced radiologic imaging. The presentation of @entity49 includes a wide spectrum of nonspecific symptoms with @entity10 predominating. We present a case with acute, severe @entity10 . The evaluation included a head computed tomography (CT) scan that was normal. The presence of opacified sinuses led to treatment for @entity1244 . The @entity1 returned the following day with a generalized @entity410 . A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study identified an isolated cortical @entity49 . This @entity1 was treated with anticonvulsant and anticoagulation therapy. A @entity49 is an unusual cause of @entity10 and should be considered in @entity1 with atypical presentation or associated @entity410 , or who are refractory to current therapy. Diagnosis may be made with MRI. Resolution and complete recovery are possible with appropriate therapy.

title: XXXX : cortical vein thrombosis and response to anticoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Cerebral venous thrombosis', 'CVT']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Enteral stent placement has emerged as a safe and effective palliative treatment option for @entity1 with malignant @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ). In an attempt to further optimize this treatment new enteral stents have been designed. This study is the first to describe the results regarding technical success, clinical success, complication rate, and stent dysfunction of the Evolution duodenal stent (Cook Medical, Limerick, Ireland). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 46 @entity1 with symptomatic malignant @entity1084 were included in this prospective multicenter cohort study. All @entity1 who successfully received an Evolution duodenal stent were followed until @entity204 . RESULTS: The technical and clinical success rates were 89 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 77 % - 95 %) and 72 % (95 %CI 58 % - 83 %), respectively. The @entity1084 Scoring System score, the Global Health Score, and the EuroQol visual analog scale improved significantly (GOOSS and Global Health Score P < 0.0001; EuroQol P = 0.005) when scores before stenting were compared with scores after stent placement. Median survival was 87 days, and stent patency was observed in 67 % for up to 395 days, accounting for @entity204 unrelated to the stent as a competing risk. @entity409 occurred in 14 @entity1 (30 %) (stent ingrowth n = 9; stent migration n = 2; extrinsic compression on the stent n = 2; food impaction n = 1). CONCLUSION: These first data on the new Evolution duodenal stent show that it is safe and effective for the palliative treatment of symptomatic malignant @entity1084 .

title: First data on the Evolution duodenal stent for palliation of malignant XXXX (DUOLUTION study): a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction', 'GOO']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Stent dysfunction']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare prospectively 2 perimetric progression detection algorithms for @entity726 , the Early @entity726 Trial algorithm ( @entity726 progression analysis [GPA]) and a nonparametric algorithm applied to the @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) (nonparametric progression analysis [NPA]). METHODS: @entity1 with a reproducible glaucomatous @entity227 at baseline in at least 1 eye were followed up prospectively using perimetry (Humphrey field analyzer 30-2 Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm). Classifications by GPA and by NPA at the end of the follow-up period were compared. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one @entity1 met the inclusion criteria; 1 eye per @entity1 was analyzed. On average, 7.1 reliable fields were available after a mean follow-up period of 5.3 years. The mean @entity5494 at baseline was -9.4 dB; the mean @entity5494 slope during the follow-up period was -0.25 dB/y. Fifty-six eyes showed progression by GPA and 89 eyes by NPA (P < .001); 42 eyes showed progression by both techniques (kappa = 0.39). In eyes with progression detected by NPA only, baseline @entity5494 was worse than that in eyes with progression detected by GPA (-12.5 vs -8.2 dB, P = .002), and GPA more often gave a reading of "baseline @entity5494 out of range" (P < .001). After exclusion of eyes with baseline @entity5494 out of range, the measure of agreement was kappa = 0.50. CONCLUSIONS: Nonparametric progression analysis had fairly good agreement with GPA. Especially in cases of more @entity1442 , NPA labeled more eyes as having progression than GPA.

title: @entity726 monitoring in a clinical setting: XXXX progression analysis vs nonparametric progression analysis in the Groningen @entity726 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Manifest Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The luminal and basal epithelial cells in the @entity1 mammary gland can be distinguished in tissue sections on the basis of the pattern of keratins they express. Moreover, the invasive cells in primary @entity189 show a keratin profile that corresponds to that of the dominant luminal cell (7, 8, 18, 19). When homogeneous populations of luminal epithelial cells from milk or from @entity0 metastases are cultured the profile of keratin expression seen in vivo is maintained. We have therefore used monospecific antibodies reactive with individual keratins to examine the phenotype of cells cultured in three different media from reduction mammoplasty tissue that contains both luminal and basal cells. The phenotype of cells cultured from primary @entity0 in one of these media (MCDB170) has also been examined. In characterizing cell phenotypes, antibodies to a @entity2355 (PEM) expressed in vivo by luminal cells, and to smooth muscle (a) actin, expressed in vivo by basal cells, have also been used. Our results show that proliferation of different cell phenotypes is selected for in different media. In milk mix (MX) developed for growth of luminal cells from milk, only the luminal cell phenotype proliferates (for only 1 or 2 passages). In medium MCDB 170, which was developed for long-term growth of @entity1 mammary epithelial cells from reduction mammoplasty organoids, cells from the basal layer proliferate, while in MM medium the basal phenotype dominates, but a few cells with the luminal phenotype are found. Around passage 3, in medium MCDB 170, most cells senesce and a subpopulation of cells proliferates on further passage. These cells retain expression of the basal epithelial keratins but also express some features characteristic of luminal epithelial cells, suggesting that the basal layer may contain a stem cell that can develop along the luminal lineage. In culture, however, they do not express @entity4166 , which in vivo is a feature of the fully differentiated luminal cell. The cells cultured from primary @entity0 in medium MCDB 170 have a similar keratin profile to that of the normal cells cultured in this medium. They do not express @entity4166 , even though the invasive cells in primary @entity5 homogeneously express this keratin in vivo. The invasive phenotype, which in its keratin profile corresponds to the differentiated luminal cell and that of the metastatic cancer lines, cannot be cultured from primary @entity0 using MX, which supports proliferation of the corresponding normal cell.

title: Keratin expression in XXXX mammary epithelial cells cultured from normal and malignant tissue: relation to in vivo phenotypes and influence of medium.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2355 :: ('4582', 'Gene') :: ['polymorphic epithelial mucin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent studies in adolescents have found a weak association between lower self-esteem and smoking. However, this association has not been investigated in a @entity146 setting. In 223 inpatient adolescents [140 @entity1 (16.5 years) and 83 @entity1 (16.4 years)], self-esteem was measured with Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory (SEI), and smoking @entity734 with the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 ( @entity17378 ). DSM-IV categories included major @entity308 (n=35), @entity148 (n=35), @entity914 (n=31), @entity1277 (n=9), and @entity9054 (n=113). There were 101 smokers and 122 nonsmokers. Self-esteem scores were lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (p=0.039). Self-esteem scores were very significantly lower in smokers showing moderate or high @entity1239 @entity734 (i.e., @entity17378 score>or=4) when compared with nonsmokers (p=0.002). Smoking with moderate or high @entity1239 @entity734 was associated with lower self-esteem in both @entity1 and @entity1 , whereas smoking with no or low @entity1239 @entity734 was associated with lower self-esteem only in @entity1 . Smoking was associated with lower self-esteem in all diagnostic categories, except in @entity1277 . Interventions targeted on self-esteem might be used to prevent smoking in adolescents with @entity146 .

title: @entity1239 XXXX and self-esteem in adolescents with @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: Populations of Novikoff @entity35 @entity157 cells (subline N1S1-67) were monitored for the rates of transport of various substrates and for their incorporation into acid-insoluble material as a function of the age of cultures of randomly growing cells in suspension as well as during traverse of the cells through the cell cycle. Populations of cells were synchronized by a double @entity1862 block or by successive treatment with @entity1862 and Colcemid. Kinetic analyses showed that changes in transport rates related to the age of cultures or the cell cycle stage reflecte alterations in the V max of the transport processes, whereas the Km remained constant, indicating that changes in transport rates reflect alterations in the number of functional transport sites. The transport sites for @entity6683 and @entity897 increased continuously during traverse of the cells through the cell cycle, whereas those for @entity1877 and @entity3625 were formed early in the cell cycle. Increases in @entity1014 transport sites were confined to the S phase. Synchronized cells deprived of serum failed to exhibit normal increases in transport sites, although the cells divided normally at the end of the cell cycle. Arrest of the cells in mitosis by treatment with @entity49030 prevented any further increases in transport rates. The formation of functional transport sites was also dependent on de novo synthesis of RNA and protein. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in early S phase inhibited the increase in @entity1014 transport rates which normally occurs during the S phase, but had no effect on the formation of the other transport systems. Transport rates also fluctuated markedly with the age of the cultures of randomly growing cells, reaching maximum levels in the mid-exponential phase of growth. The transport systems for @entity1014 and @entity6683 were rapidly lost upon inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and thus seem to be metabolically unstable, whereas the transport systems for @entity1877 and @entity897 were stable under the same conditions.

title: Cell cycle and growth stage-dependent changes in the transport of nucleosides, @entity3625 , @entity1877 , and XXXX in cultured Novikoff @entity35 @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

answer: @entity897 :: (MESH:D003847,Chemical) :: ['deoxyglucose']


abstract: We have shown earlier that the @entity2391 and @entity1968 (RA) combination, but not the single agents, induces @entity204 in several @entity5 cell lines. Employing a genetic technique we have identified several Genes associated with Retinoid-IFN induced Mortality (GRIM). One of the GRIMs was @entity1 @entity19877 ( @entity19877 ), a redox enzyme. Since the overexpressed @entity19877 augments IFN/RA stimulated cell @entity204 , we explored the mechanisms of @entity19877 -mediated @entity204 . Here we show that TR augments cell @entity204 by upregulating the transcriptional activity of @entity876 @entity5 suppressor. This process does not involve a physical increase in levels of @entity876 . Using redox inactive mutants of @entity19877 and its substrate, @entity14688 ( @entity14688 ), we demonstrate that IFN/RA-induced regulation of @entity876 dependent gene expression requires TR and @entity14688 . In contrast-over-expression of wildtype @entity19877 or @entity14688 augment the @entity876 dependent gene expression in response to IFN/RA treatment. Consistent with these results an increased DNA binding activity of @entity876 was noted in the presence of TR. These studies identify a novel mechanism of @entity876 mediated cell @entity204 regulation involving redox enzymes.

title: Modulation of XXXX dependent gene expression and cell @entity204 through @entity14688 - @entity14688 reductase by the Interferon-Retinoid combination.

entities_list: @entity19877 :: ('25824', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin reductase', 'TR']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The expression of @entity1 @entity5 -associated antigens CO17-1A, GA73-3, BR55-2, GICA 19-9, and CA50 and of @entity45826 was immunohistochemically studied in the colonic mucosa of 70 @entity35 . Fifty were treated with @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) (with @entity1098 as a vehicle), ten were treated with @entity1098 only, and ten were untreated normal @entity35 . The @entity5 were histogenetically divided as: (a) @entity420 arising from @entity5493 ; (b) @entity420 arising from lymphoid-associated mucosa (LAM); and (c) @entity420 arising in flat mucosa. Of 44 @entity694 , BR55-2 was expressed in 41 @entity5 , CO17-1A in 40 @entity5 , GA73-3 in 38 @entity5 , and GICA 19-9 in 38 @entity5 . CA50 and @entity45826 were not expressed in the @entity5 . The highest antigenic expression (number of cells) was observed in @entity420 arising in @entity5493 and the lowest in those arising in flat mucosa. @entity420 arising in LAM had an intermediate expression. The expression of these antigens had no correlation to the localization of the @entity5 and to the differentiation. The expression of these antigens was similar in the non-lymphoid-associated normal colonic mucosa of the untreated, @entity1098 -treated, and @entity18399 -treated @entity35 . In @entity18399 -treated @entity35 , LAM demonstrated increased expression (number of cells) and increased staining intensity of these @entity5 -associated antigens. In six of the 50 @entity18399 -treated @entity35 , only LAM expressed @entity45826 . CA50 was not expressed in the normal colon of untreated, of @entity1098 -treated, and of @entity18399 -treated @entity35 , nor was it in @entity18399 -induced @entity5 . None of the @entity5 -associated antigens (GICA 19-9 and CA50 and @entity45826 ) was detected in serum. It is concluded that this animal model would be of value in the preclinical evaluations of monoclonal antibodies for therapy in @entity1 .

title: Tumor-associated antigens common to XXXX and chemically induced @entity694 of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity45826 :: ('292701(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nationally, the results of pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 have improved. Therefore, we examined our experience with this operation. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity5 registry data from four greater Hartford, Connecticut, hospitals identified 51 @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 of the head of the pancreas between 1982 and 1992. RESULTS: The 30-day operative mortality rate for the group was 4%. Life table survival analysis revealed a five-year survival rate of 15% and a median survival of 15 months. Twelve @entity1 had postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The median survival in this group was 36 months, significantly longer than that of the nonadjuvant therapy group (13 months, P < .02). No difference in operative mortality or ultimate survival was seen between the hospital with the largest experience and the three other hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely at hospitals with relatively low pancreaticoduodenectomy volume. Survival rates are longer than in past reviews.

title: Resection for cure of XXXX of the head of the pancreas: the greater Hartford experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The study was aimed to investigate the relation between the expression level of @entity9604 - @entity5316 (translocation ETS @entity3052 1) fusion gene and clinical characteristics as well as early response to treatment in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). With real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), the expression level of @entity9604 - @entity5316 at diagnosis and @entity41 ( @entity41 ) at the end of induction of remission were detected in 35 @entity1 with @entity981 , including 20 SR (standard risk) and 15 IR (intermediate risk) @entity1 . The expression level of @entity9604 - @entity5316 and clinical characteristics at diagnosis were compared between @entity41 negative and @entity41 positive @entity1 . The relation between @entity9604 - @entity5316 expression levels at diagnosis, @entity41 level and clinical characteristics as well as early response to treatment were also explored. The results indicated that the expression levels of @entity9604 - @entity5316 at diagnosis were 1.63 x 10(4) copies/10(4) copies @entity12437 (median). At the end of induction of remission, 16 @entity1 (10 SR and 6 IR @entity1 ) did not achieve molecular remission, whose @entity41 levels were 0.84 - 282.93 copies/10(4) copies @entity12437 . No relation was found between expression levels of @entity9604 - @entity5316 at diagnosis and clinical characteristics as well as @entity41 level. There was a significant relation between @entity41 level and blast count in peripheral blood (PB) at day 8 after prednisone trial induction. Significant relations between @entity41 level and presenting leukocyte count, blast percentage in PB were also found in the @entity1 with presenting leukocyte count < 25 x 10(9)/L. @entity9604 - @entity5316 expression level at diagnosis of @entity41 negative @entity1 was lower than that of @entity41 positive ones. It is concluded that therapy after induction of remission is of importance by the fact that 45.71% @entity1 with @entity9604 - @entity5316 (+) @entity981 did not achieve molecular remission at the end of induction of remission. The effectiveness of prednisone trial predicts the @entity41 level. In addition, presenting leukocyte count, blast percentage in PB and @entity9604 - @entity5316 expression level at diagnosis may have an effect on @entity41 level to some extent.

title: [Relation between @entity9604 - XXXX expression level and clinical characteristics as well as early response to treatment in @entity1 with @entity981 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia-acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity5316 :: (861,Gene) :: ['AML1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional MR myelography in the evaluation of @entity130 of the brachial plexus. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with clinical and electromyographic evidence of traumatic @entity5300 were examined with three-dimensional MR myelography, conventional cervical myelography, and CT myelography 1 to 9 months after @entity130 . Three-dimensional MR myelography was performed on a 1.5-T MR unit with a constructive interference in steady state (CISS) technique. For each @entity1 , maximum intensity myelographic projections and multiplanar reconstruction reformatted 1-mm axial sections were obtained from the same 3-D data set. Three-dimensional MR myelographic findings were compared with findings at cervical myelography and CT myelography. Surgical findings were available for comparison in 13 @entity1 . RESULTS: Three-dimensional MR myelography enabled detection of meningoceles with @entity614 , partial or complete radicular @entity155 without disruption of the thecal sac, @entity854 , and dural scars. Assuming cervical myelography and CT myelography as the standards of reference, 3-D MR myelography showed 89% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 92% diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of nerve root integrity. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional MR myelography can show the majority of traumatic lesions that involve the proximal portion of the brachial plexus in a single rapid examination. On the basis of our findings, we propose this technique as a screening examination for @entity1 with traumatic @entity5300 .

title: Three-dimensional MR myelography of XXXX of the brachial plexus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexopathy', 'brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['dural sleeve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed or intact nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injuries']


abstract: CCN family genes, @entity31200 , @entity39368 and @entity12020 , are immediate-early genes expressed in fibroblasts following growth stimuli. Aberrant expression of @entity31200 has been found in @entity1 @entity3969 , and suggested to be involved in tumorigenesis. The aim of our experiments is to examine the expression of CCN family genes in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and find the correlation of these gene expressions with clinicopathological parameters. A pair of @entity5 and surrounding non- @entity5 tissues were obtained from 23 @entity1 with @entity157 and six with metastatic @entity96 . Total cellular RNA isolated from tissues was analyzed for the presence of mRNA of CCN family genes by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. @entity31200 , @entity39368 and @entity12020 mRNA were identified in 17 (73.9%), 17 (73.9%), six (26.1%) @entity5 , and in nine (39.1%), 16 (69.6%), one (4.3%) surrounding non- @entity5 tissues of 23 @entity1 with @entity157 . No significant difference was found in clinicopathological parameters between cases with @entity157 negative and positive for these gene expressions. The prevalence of @entity31200 and @entity12020 expression in @entity157 is significantly higher than those in surrounding non- @entity5 . The same tendency was found in @entity3 . These results suggest that @entity31200 and @entity12020 is associated with the development of @entity5 in the liver.

title: Expression of @entity31200 , @entity39368 and XXXX genes in @entity1 @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity12020 :: (1490,Gene) :: ['CTGF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekly @entity1311 combined with S-1 or @entity1487 in the first line treatment of advanced @entity356 . METHODS: Two hundred and forty @entity1 with untreated advanced @entity356 were randomized into two arms, @entity1 in the experimental arm were given @entity1311 and S-1, while those in the control arm received @entity1311 and @entity1487 . The regimen of experimental arm was @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion, day 1, 8, 15; S-1 80 - 120 mg/day given by oral administration, day 1 - 14. The regimen of control arm was @entity1487 500 mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion continuously, day 1 - 5; CF 20 mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion, day 1 - 5. The regimens in both arms were repeated every 28 days. The efficacy and safety of both arms were assessed. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 were analyzed in the full analysis set, and 192 @entity1 were analyzed in per-protocol set (experimental arm 100 @entity1 , control arm 92 @entity1 ). The overall response rates of experimental and control arms were 50.0% and 28.3% (P = 0.002), and the disease control rates were 82.0% and 70.7% (P = 0.064), respectively. The primary endpoints of experimental arm were non-inferior to that of the control arm. The secondary endpoint of experimental arm in terms of median progression free survival was significantly better than that of control arm (5 months versus 4 months, P = 0.006). The experimental arm had a higher incidence of grade III-IV @entity236 than the control arm, but the incidence of @entity221 in both arms was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of S-1 is an alternative option of venous infusional @entity1487 . Weekly @entity1311 combined with S-1 is a safe regimen and has a promising efficacy.

title: [A phase II prospective randomized controlled trial of weekly @entity1311 combined with S-1 or XXXX for advanced @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors examined associations between @entity1 -related characteristics and assaultiveness on six different @entity146 wards to determine 1) the relative contributions of demographic, disorder-related, and diagnostic variables to prediction of assaultiveness and 2) how ward composition and type of victim affect prediction of assaultiveness. METHOD: Hospital records of 1,025 inpatients residing in @entity146 wards within a 6-month time frame were reviewed for evidence of assaultiveness. Data on all 260 assaultive @entity1 and a sample of 136 of the nonassaultive @entity1 were analyzed with multiple regression to predict assaultiveness scores for each ward and each victim category. RESULTS: The findings indicated high rates of assaultive @entity1 and assaults on fellow @entity1 . Multiple regression results produced different predictors of assaultiveness for different wards but not for different categories of assault victim within each ward. Overall, age and sex consistently failed to predict assaultiveness, whereas greater assaultiveness was significantly associated with a greater proportion of time hospitalized since first admission. The most powerful unique predictors of assaultiveness scores were diagnostic distinctions derived from data on coexistent diagnoses. The most assaults were by acute @entity1 whose diagnoses excluded @entity347 but included either @entity162 or @entity1314 and longer-stay @entity1 whose exclusive diagnosis was @entity347 . CONCLUSIONS: This identification, albeit modest, of risk factors for assaultiveness on different wards nevertheless provides information fundamental to the management policies of @entity146 institutions. The findings caution against aggregating different ward populations for research on assaultiveness and endorse the usefulness of coexistent diagnoses for predicting assaultiveness.

title: Profiles and predictors of assaultiveness for different XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric ward populations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To identify risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy for @entity418 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : The population comprised 159 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 , undergoing esophagectomy between January 1985 and December 2004. RESULTS: Infections were the main cause of both complications and postoperative mortality. The 54% of our @entity1 presented serious complications. The mortality of the series was 12.5%. Multiorganic failure secondary to sepsis was the more frequent cause of @entity204 . The @entity260 showed a significant association with: alcoholism (p < 0.04), @entity1575 (p < 0.03), the location of the @entity5 in middle third of the esophagus (p < 0.04), and the APACHE II score greater of 10 (p < 0.003). Mortality was associated significantly with the presence of chronic @entity358 (p = 0,03) and with an APACHE II score superior to 10 (p = 0,02). CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE II score superior to 10 can be used so much as prognostic factor of mortality like of serious complications. @entity1030 is a risk factor for postoperative mortality. @entity988 , @entity1575 and the location of the @entity5 , are factors associated to postoperative serious complications.

title: [Serious @entity260 after esophagectomy for XXXX : analysis of risk factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: A 67-year-old male @entity1 was scheduled for stripping of a lower limb varix. He had received long-term anticoagulant therapy using oral @entity1229 because of implantation of an aortic mechanical heart valve. Warfarin therapy was discontinued 3 days before surgery to prevent excessive @entity548 during the perioperative period. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 and @entity3810 in @entity26 and combined with continuous epidural block. The operation was uneventful. Six hours after surgery, an electrocardiogram demonstrated @entity2224 , followed by @entity1576 . Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started immediately, and normal sinus rhythm was restored. Coronary angiography revealed significant stenosis of coronary arteries. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was therefore performed. Acute @entity583 caused by the interruption of anticoagulant therapy was suspected.

title: [A case of postoperative acute XXXX due to the interruption of anticoagulant therapy].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The influence of @entity9355 on the contractile force and the cellular electrolyte content and exchange was studied in isolated, electrically stimulated @entity840 atria. 1. @entity9355 (40 to 200 mumol/l) produces a positive inotropic effect which is most pronounced when the extracellular @entity460 concentration is reduced (1.2 to 0.6 mmol/l) or the contractile force is diminished by @entity4485 (400 mumol/l). The inotropic action of @entity9355 was shown to be independent of the rate of stimulation (1--2 Hz). 2. By pretreatment with the adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drugs @entity44487 and @entity7690 or by reserpinization the positive inotropic effect of @entity9355 was not significantly altered. 3. After incubating the atrial preparations with 45 @entity460 for 30 min the intracellularly exchangeable @entity460 fraction was significantly enhanced by @entity9355 (100 mumol/l). If @entity9355 was added to the bathing medium after the 45 @entity460 exchange process had already reached a steady-state, no further increase in the extent of the intracellular @entity460 exchange was observed during an additional 30-min period of incubation. Since the cellular total @entity460 content shows remained unchanged it is postulated that the increase in @entity460 influx is balanced by a simultaneous elevation of @entity460 efflux. In addition, @entity9355 did not show any influence on the intracellular @entity972 , @entity1372 and @entity1760 content as well as on the extracellular space volume.

title: [On the mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of XXXX on the myocardium (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity44487 :: ('MESH:D002046', 'Chemical') :: ['bupranolol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity9355 :: ('MESH:D014223', 'Chemical') :: ['triamterene', 'Triamterene']

answer: @entity9355 :: (MESH:D014223,Chemical) :: ['triamterene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the involvement of oxidative damage in @entity2057 after @entity130 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Burn injury damages tissue at the site of the burn and also affects peripheral tissue. There is evidence to suggest that reactive @entity26 species may be generated in increased amounts after burn, and these may contribute to wound healing and to posttranslational modifications of tissue constituents distant from the wound site. METHODS: The oxidation of muscle proteins was assessed, using the @entity29455 assay for @entity6738 content, in muscles of @entity35 after a full-thickness @entity272 burn covering 20% of the total body surface area, over a 6-week period. In this model, @entity35 failed to incur normal body weight or muscle weight gain. RESULTS: Soleus, extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, and heart ventricle proteins were oxidatively damaged after injury. The extent of tissue protein oxidation, however, differed depending on the time points studied. In general, higher levels of protein @entity6738 group formation, an indicator of oxidative damage, were found to occur within 1 to 5 days after injury, and the oxidized protein content of the various tissues decreased during the later stages. Both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar @entity6738 -containing proteins accumulated in diaphragm 3 days after @entity130 and were rapidly removed from the tissue during a 2-hour in vitro incubation. This coincided with increased proteolytic activity in diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the loss of proteins modified by reactive @entity26 species may contribute to the burn-induced protein wasting in respiratory and other muscles by a proteolytically driven mechanism.

title: Posttranslational modifications of cardiac and skeletal muscle proteins by reactive @entity26 species after @entity130 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29455 :: ('MESH:C446799', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrophenylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin scald']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of @entity102 and @entity1118 also increase. @entity1118 robs older @entity1 of their quality of life, and limits functional mobility and ambulation, which leads to @entity2057 . Older @entity1 are often reluctant to request @entity158 relief, attempting to endure @entity158 as a "normal" part of ageing. Innovative non-pharmacological interventions in @entity158 management are appealing. In this study, affective images and pictures were used in 15 elderly @entity1 (12 female and three male) in @entity1118 who needed to perform stretching and standing exercises in their physiotherapy sessions. @entity158 scores were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and health-related quality of life was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). VAS and SF-36 were administered in weeks 1 and in 6. @entity158 scores were measured during physiotherapy session in the following weeks. There was a significant decreased in VAS from week 1 to week 6 (t = 3.607; df = 14; p < 0.05). Also, a significant decrease in VAS occurred when the @entity1 were watching affective pictures while performing the physiotherapy exercise in weeks 2 and 3, but not in weeks 4 and 5. SF-36 increased in week 6, which indicated an increase in health-related quality of life, though not statistically significant. Affective images and pictures appear to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention in @entity158 management for the older @entity1 .

title: Affective images: relieving @entity1118 and enhancing quality of life for older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study color-doppler ultrasoundfeatures of @entity1188 caused by orchiepididymitis, a severe @entity532 . MATERIAL: and Methods. Five @entity1 were included over a 2 year period. All presented with more than 24 hours of @entity158 . A final diagnosis of @entity1188 caused by orchiepididymitis and color doppler ultrasound was available in all cases. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed doppler ultrasound signs of @entity63 . Either vascularisation was not detectable or intratesticular resistive index was increased with a negative diastolic flow. Orchidectomy was performed in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Color doppler examination of the scrotum should include measurement of intratesticular resistive index. An elevated RI can be suggestive of @entity63 .

title: [ XXXX : review of 5 cases diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['testicular ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complication of orchiepididymitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['testicular infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic orchiditis']


abstract: Malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, and @entity28 and @entity1277 are increasingly common in developing as well as developed countries. The reproductive axis is closely linked to nutritional status, especially undernutrition in the female, and inhibitory pathways involving detectors in the hind brain suppress ovulation in subjects with @entity353 . Recovery may occur after minimal reacquisition of weight because energy balance is more important than body fat mass. @entity1278 affect up to 5% of @entity1 of reproductive age causing @entity4999 , @entity249 and, in those who do conceive, an increased likelihood of @entity2208 . @entity28 can affect reproduction through fat cell metabolism, @entity230 and secretion of proteins such as leptin and @entity1254 and through changes induced at the level of important homeostatic factors such as pancreatic secretion of insulin, @entity342 synthesis by the ovary and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) production by the liver. WHO estimates that 9 to 25% of @entity1 in developed countries are severely @entity28 , and @entity28 mothers are much more likely to have @entity28 @entity1 , especially if they have gestational @entity6 . @entity28 -associated @entity3206 may lead to @entity249 and to a higher risk of @entity2208 . Management of @entity3206 with @entity28 involves diet and exercise as well as standard approaches to ovulation induction. Many @entity28 @entity1 conceive without assistance, but pregnancies in @entity28 @entity1 have increased rates of pregnancy-associated @entity101 , gestational @entity6 , large babies, Cesarean section and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among contraceptors, the fear of @entity1017 affects uptake and continuation of hormonal contraceptives, although existing trials indicate that any such effects are small. For all methods of hormonal contraception, weight above 70 kg is associated with increased failure rates.

title: Nutrition and reproduction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A series of thirty-eight cases of densely @entity75 of the jaws was studied. The lesions were all at least 1.5 cm, in diameter. @entity158 , drainage, or localized expansion of the jaw was present in two thirds of the @entity1 . Thirty-four of the thirty-eight @entity1 were @entity1 , and twenty-five were negros. In fourteen instances, a radiographic survey of the entire jaws was available. Thirteen of these fourteen @entity1 had @entity75 which were usually symmetrically distributed throughout the jaws. In twenty-four @entity1 radiographs of the lesional area only were available for review. In thirty-four of the thirty-eight cases (89 per cent), the sclerotic masses were interpreted as cementum. Although this condition has previously been described as @entity6275 , @entity4421 , @entity156 , or @entity27760 , it appears more appropriate to consider these lesions as part of the spectrum of the benign fibro-osseous lesions of periodontal ligament origin. Four of the @entity75 , which were radiographically indistinguishable from the cemental lesions, consisted only of bone. Two of these appeared to be examples of true @entity6275 , and two may be appropriately designated as enostosis or @entity1181 .

title: Sclerotic cemental masses of the jaws (so-called @entity6275 , @entity4421 , @entity156 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'sclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity27760 :: ('MESH:C563017', 'Disease') :: ['gigantiform cementoma']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple enostosis']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing osteitis']

answer: @entity27760 :: (MESH:C563017,Disease) :: ['gigantiform cementoma']


abstract: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the standard of care for idiopathic normal pressure @entity1276 (iNPH). Studies have reported shunt complication rates up to 38%, with @entity548 rates as high as 10%. Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts with horizontal-vertical valves (HVV) are an alternative for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion that avoids direct @entity131 and may reduce the risk of overdrainage. Here we reviewed our experience with LP-HVV shunt placement for iNPH. We retrospectively reviewed our 33 @entity1 with LP-HVV shunts inserted for the treatment of iNPH from 1998 to 2009. @entity1 were evaluated for improvements in gait, urinary function, and @entity303 after shunt placement. All @entity1 had evidence of @entity1276 and a positive response to pre-operative lumbar puncture or extended lumbar drainage. All 33 (100%) @entity1 had pre-operative gait dysfunction, 28 (85%) had @entity322 , and 20 (61%) had @entity2414 . Mean follow-up time was 19 months. Following shunt placement, 33/33 (100%) @entity1 demonstrated improved gait, 13/28 (46%) had improvement in @entity322 , and 11/20 (55%) had improvement in memory. Shunt failures requiring revision occurred in nine @entity1 (27%), with an average time to failure of 11 months. @entity281 occurred in two @entity1 (6%). There were no neurologic complications, including no @entity548 . Thus, LP-HVV shunt placement is a safe and effective alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting for iNPH, resulting in significant symptomatic improvement with a low risk of overdrainage. It should be considered as an option for the treatment of @entity1 with iNPH who demonstrate clinical improvement following lumbar drainage.

title: Lumboperitoneal shunts for the treatment of normal pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infections']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Most @entity1 with advanced @entity135 receiving chemoradiotherapy need tube feeding for at least some weeks. For these periods gastrostomy tubes have advantages over nasogastric tubes. Tube feeding may start earlier and thus loss of weight may be limited if the @entity5274 already is in place. The objective of this study is to analyse the results of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube placement and early tube feeding. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Multidisciplinary head and neck oncology team in a general hospital. @entity1 : Fifty consecutive @entity1 with unresectable stage III and @entity135 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In all @entity1 prophylactic @entity970 placement was performed. Tube feeding was initiated if food-intake became insufficient or loss of weight occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Loss of weight during treatment, complication rate, @entity970 duration. RESULTS: The mean loss of weight during treatment for all @entity1 was only 2.8%. One complication of tube placement occurred: a @entity694 , treated successfully by surgery. The median duration of the @entity970 was 178 days. Three of the 17 @entity1 (18%) with no evidence of disease (NED) still had a @entity970 at their last follow-up visit. Of the 26 @entity1 who died of their @entity5 , 13 used the @entity970 until death. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of weight was limited after prophylactic gastrostomy placement and early tube feeding. Moreover, the complication rate was low. In 82% of the NED @entity1 the @entity970 could eventually be removed.

title: Prophylactic gastrostomy placement and early tube feeding may limit loss of weight during chemoradiotherapy for advanced XXXX , a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'IV head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon perforation']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Desmoids are rare, locally aggressive but nonmetastasizing fibrous masses that occur sporadically and in association with @entity1412 . Therapeutic options are limited, and there is reluctance to operate on @entity765 because of the risk of complications or recurrence. Consequently, there is an increasing reliance on alternative therapeutic modalities. Nonsurgical options are of variable efficacy, however, and surgery is still required for the complications of desmoids. Each of the last four @entity1 with desmoids presenting to this unit has required life-saving surgery as a result of failure of nonsurgical treatments or the development of complications. METHODS: We present case reports of four consecutive @entity1 with large @entity765 requiring surgical management. RESULTS: All four @entity1 had massive @entity765 . Three cases associated with @entity1412 had developed their desmoids after colectomy while the sporadic desmoid had continued to grow rapidly after diagnosis at laparotomy. Sulindac and @entity23392 were unsuccessful in all cases and one @entity1 with @entity1412 suffered @entity2681 of her desmoid through the abdominal wall during antisarcoma chemotherapy. Two others required emergency laparotomy for complications, and the sporadic case underwent elective resection for symptomatic relief. Three had complete excision of their desmoid, and all remained well with no recurrence at a median follow-up of 12 (range, 7-14) months. CONCLUSION: Despite the risks, there remains a role for surgery in the management of large @entity765 .

title: Surgery for large XXXX : report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic erosion']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric desmoid tumors', 'mesenteric desmoids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal desmoid tumors']


abstract: This work provides descriptive epidemiological data of @entity1489 in Europe as defined as in the RARECARE project. We analysed 8669 incident cases registered in the period 1995-2002 by 76 population-based @entity5 registries (CRs), and followed up for vital status to 31st December 2003. Age-standardised incidence to the European standard population was obtained restricting the analysis to 8416 @entity5 cases collected by 64 not specialised CRs or with information available only for some anatomical sites. Period survival rates at 2000-2002 were estimated on 45 CRs data. Twenty-two CRs which covered the period 1988-2002 were analysed to obtain the 15-year prevalence (1st January 2003 as reference date). Complete prevalence was calculated by using the completeness index method which estimates surviving cases diagnosed prior to 1988 ('unobserved' prevalence). The expected number of new cases per year and of prevalent cases in Europe was then obtained multiplying the crude incidence and complete prevalence rates to the European population at 2008. We estimated 5204 new cases per year (10.5 per million) to occur in Europe, of which 48.7% were @entity320 of @entity2184 , 24.8% @entity320 of @entity189 of the skin. Five-year relative survival was 40.6% and 68.9% for @entity2184 , respectively. Adnexal @entity1489 showed a good prognosis with a survival of 87.7% 5 years after diagnosis. Northern Europe, United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland showed the highest 5-year survival rate for @entity2184 (72.6% and 73.4%), while Southern Europe showed the lowest rate (63.7%). More than 50,000 @entity1 with a past diagnosis of one of these rare @entity5 were estimated to be alive at 2008 in Europe, most of them (58.8%, n=29,676) being @entity1 with @entity2184 . Due to the good prognosis and high incidence of @entity2184 , these @entity5 are highly represented among the long-term survivors of the studied rare @entity5 types. Therefore, maximising quality of life is particularly important in treatment of @entity2184 . As regards @entity320 , the centralisation of treatment to a select number of specialist centres as well as the establishment of expert pathology panels should be promoted. The geographical differences in incidence and survival should be further investigated analysing the centre of treatment, the stage at diagnosis and the treatment.

title: Descriptive epidemiology of XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas and adnexal skin carcinomas', 'skin carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa and 26.5% adnexal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal and uveal melanomas', 'uvea', 'uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal melanomas', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas and adnexal skin carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the reliability of type 3 portable monitoring (PM) in a home setting. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study in sleep laboratory. Type 3 device (Stardust II) was evaluated in comparison with standard polysomnography (PSG) among @entity1 with @entity27 . Quality of recorded data and agreement between PM and PSG results were evaluated. RESULTS: Low quality of recorded data was observed only in 5 cases. Pattern of disordered breathing was recognized correctly by PM. @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) correlated well with a mean bias of 3.7 +/- 13.1/h. High sensitivity of PM was observed generally, whereas specificity was lower in mild @entity1 . AHI, record time, and sleep position were found to be the main factors that would affect the accuracy of PM. CONCLUSION: Type 3 PM is feasible in unattended home-setting for routine examination. Influence of the factors above should be comprehensively considered especially for mild @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of type 3 portable monitoring in unattended home setting for suspected sleep XXXX : factors that may affect its accuracy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of a @entity299 in a stable @entity1 after a penetrating @entity764 can be difficult. Ultrasound of the pericardial sac may be associated with a false negative result in the presence of a hemothorax. A filling in of the left heart border inferior to the pulmonary artery, called the straight left heart border (SLHB), is a radiological sign on chest X-ray that we have found to be associated with the finding of a @entity2294 at surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine if this was a reliable and reproducible sign. METHODS: This was a prospective study of @entity1 with a penetrating @entity764 admitted between 1 October 2001 and 28 February 2009, who had no indication for immediate surgery, and were taken to the operating room for creation of a subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW). The chest X-ray was reviewed by a single @entity130 surgeon prior to surgery. RESULTS: A total of 162 @entity1 with a possible occult @entity299 underwent creation of a SPW. Fifty-five of the 162 @entity1 (34 %) were noted to have a SLHB on chest X-ray and a @entity2294 confirmed at SPW. The sensitivity of the SLHB sign was 40 %; specificity, 84 %; and positive predictive value, 89 %. (p = 0.005, Odds ratio 3.48, lower 1.41, upper 8.62). CONCLUSIONS: The straight left heart border is a newly described radiological sign that was highly significant in predicting the presence of a @entity2294 and should alert the clinician to a possible occult @entity299 .

title: A straight left heart border: a new radiological sign of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['hemopericardium']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['hemopericardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health behaviour change is an important component of management for @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ); however, the optimal method to promote health behaviour change for self-management of @entity740 is unknown. The See @entity8 (SeeKD) targeted screening programme screened Canadians at risk for @entity740 and promoted health behaviour change through individual counselling and goal setting. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to determine the effectiveness of individual counselling sessions for eliciting behaviour change and to describe @entity1 characteristics associated with behaviour change. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: The study setting is the National SeeKD targeted screening programme. @entity1 : The @entity1 are all 'at risk' @entity1 who were screened for @entity740 and returned a follow-up health behaviour survey (n   =   1129). MEASUREMENTS: Health behaviour change was defined as a self-reported change in lifestyle, including dietary changes or medication adherence. METHODS: An individual counselling session was provided to @entity1 by allied healthcare professionals to promote health behaviour change. A survey was mailed to all @entity1 at risk of @entity740 within 2-4  weeks following the screening event to determine if behaviour changes had been initiated. Descriptive statistics were used to describe respondent characteristics and self-reported behaviour change following screening events. Results were stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<   60 and >=    60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)). Log binomial regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of behaviour change. RESULTS: Of the 1129 respondents, the majority (89.8  %) reported making a health behaviour change after the screening event. Respondents who were overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-29.9  kg/m(2)) or @entity28 (BMI   >=    30.0  kg/m(2)) were more likely to report a behaviour change (prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 0.66, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.99 and PRR 0.49, 95  % CI 0.30-0.80, respectively). Further, @entity1 with a prior intent to change their behaviour were more likely to make a behaviour change (PRR 0.58, 95  % CI 0.35-0.96). Results did not vary by eGFR category. LIMITATIONS: We are unable to determine the effectiveness of the behaviour change intervention given the lack of a control group. Potential response bias and social desirability bias must also be considered when interpreting the study findings. CONCLUSIONS: Individual counselling and goal setting provided at screening events may stimulate behaviour change amongst individuals at risk for @entity740 . However, further research is required to determine if this behaviour change is sustained and the impact on @entity740 progression and outcomes.

title: The association between individual counselling and health behaviour change: the See @entity8 (SeeKD) targeted screening programme for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Primary amoebic @entity5422 (PAM) which is caused by free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, is a rare disease. We report the fifth case in Thailand in order to add more information. The @entity1 was a previously healthy 4 1/2-year-old @entity1 from Nakhon Pathom province. For several weeks before this illness she had swum in a water supply canal. She developed high fever with change in consciousness. Her cerebrospinal fluid contained numerous Naegleria fowleri which grew in culture media and @entity19 inoculation. She did not respond to treatment with intravenous and intraventricular @entity2379 , and oral @entity1215 . She died on the fifth day of illness. Water sample from the canal also grew N. fowleri. All five reported cases in Thailand were reviewed. It was found that none of them had been exposed to a common source. Four of the five cases were male, and four cases occurred during the summer months, March to May. These findings agree with worldwide information.

title: Primary amoebic XXXX in Thailand: report of a case and review literatures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sebaceous @entity189 are relatively rare @entity5 ; there are fewer than 600 cases reported. They most commonly arise within the meibomian gland of the eyelid; fewer than 150 of the reported cases were extraocular. These @entity5 have a high incidence of local recurrence and regional @entity3 . The relationship of sebaceous @entity5 and @entity5 is well established in the literature. OBJECTIVE: We describe a 44-year-old white female with chronic progressive @entity15 who developed multiple scalp sebaceous @entity652 and a solitary @entity189 . CONCLUSION: Extraocular sebaceous @entity189 are @entity5 with high incidence of local recurrence and regional @entity3 . Surgery with wide surgical margins is the standard treatment. We report the first case of multiple sebaceous @entity5 in a @entity1 with @entity15 . The presence of sebaceous @entity5 warrants a search for an internal @entity5 . Literature on sebaceous @entity5 and their relationship with @entity5 and @entity1200 is discussed. Literature on @entity189 with special attention to extraocular @entity189 is also discussed.

title: Multiple sebaceous @entity652 and extraocular @entity189 in a @entity1 with XXXX : case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous tumors', 'rare tumors', 'visceral malignancies', 'visceral malignancy', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'sebaceous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic @entity49 ( @entity49 ) are possible findings in @entity5 @entity1 . Data regarding the incidence and clinical impact of asymptomatic @entity49 are conflicting. We therefore conducted a study to evaluate the occurrence of asymptomatic @entity49 of the lower limbs in @entity5 @entity1 to further evaluate the association of these asymptomatic @entity49 on survival during a 9-month follow-up period. METHODS: In our prospective cohort, we included 150 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 who were free of any clinical symptoms for @entity49 . Compression ultrasound to detect @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity49 ( @entity49 ) of the lower limbs was performed by a vascular specialist in all @entity1 at baseline. In case of pathological findings the @entity1 were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) because of current established guidelines. The occurrence of @entity204 was investigated during a 9-month follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 27 (18%) @entity1 with @entity49 were detected, which included 13 @entity1 (8.7%) with a @entity49 and 16 @entity1 (10.7%) showing a @entity1150 . Two @entity1 had both, a @entity49 and a @entity1150 as well. During the 9-month follow-up period the occurrence of a VTE at baseline was associated with a 2.4-fold increased risk for @entity204 (HR 2.4 (1.2-5.3); P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic @entity49 of the lower limbs in @entity5 @entity1 are frequently occurring concomitant features and are associated with poor survival during a 9-month follow-up period despite anticoagulation with LMWH.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX and superficial vein thrombosis in @entity5 @entity1 : impact on short-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['SVT', 'superficial venous thrombosis', 'VTEs', 'venous thrombotic events']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival interferon-alpha for the treatment of conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . DESIGN: Small, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Five @entity1 with histologically proven conjunctival @entity1074 were studied prospectively. METHODS: @entity1 were given 1,500,000 international units (IU) of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) (Roferon-A) subconjunctivally inside the lesion, three times a week for four weeks. If there was even a minimal response, a further cycle of 1,000,000 IU three times a week for four weeks was administered. @entity1 received a maintenance dose of 1 million IU, every 15 days for 4 times, after clinical resolution of the lesion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were followed clinically, with slit lamp examination, for evidence of @entity5 disappearance or recurrence. RESULTS: Complete response was obtained in all @entity1 . The lesion resolved completely by the eighth week. Four @entity1 did not show any local recurrence with a median follow-up of 21 months (12-36 months). One @entity1 presented with a recurrence after 11 months, in association with @entity706 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Local chemotherapy with @entity3027 seems to be an effective treatment modality, alternative to radiotherapy, for conjunctival @entity1074 .

title: Local chemotherapy with interferon-alpha for conjunctival mucosa-associated XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'systemic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: Purpose. High-risk @entity263 @entity1 often receive radiotherapy (RT) to pelvic lymphatics (PLs). The aim of this study was to determine the safety margin around clinical target volume for PL (PL-CTV) to construct planning target volume for PL (PL- @entity343 ) and for planning elective PL irradiation. Methods and Materials. Six @entity1 who received RT to PL as part of @entity263 treatment were identified. To determine average daily shifts of PL, the right and left IVs were contoured at 3 predetermined slices on the daily MV scans and their daily shifts were measured at these 3 levels using a measuring tool. Results. A total of 1,932 observations were made. Daily shifts of IV were random in distribution, and the largest observed shift was 13.6   mm in lateral and 15.4   mm in AP directions. The mean lateral and AP shifts of IV were 2.1   mm (  2.2) and 3.5   mm (  2.7), respectively. The data suggest that AP and lateral margins of 8.9   mm and 6.5   mm are necessary. Conclusions. With daily alignment to the prostate, we recommend an additional PL-CTV to PL- @entity343 conversion margin of 9   mm (AP) and 7   mm (lateral) to account for daily displacement of PL relative to the prostate.

title: Optimal planning target volume margins for elective pelvic lymphatic radiotherapy in high-risk @entity263 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']