abstract: BACKGROUND: The Late Effects Normal Tissue/Subjective Objective Management Analytic (LENT/SOMA) system for grading of side effects after radiotherapy was proposed several years ago. Only a few studies have previously been performed on the validity of the LENT/SOMA. The aim of the present study was to validate the LENT/SOMA scoring system for recto-anal side effects after treatment for @entity263 in a randomized trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 875 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were randomized to either hormonal treatment alone or hormonal treatment plus radiotherapy in the Scandinavian @entity263 Group 7 (SPCG-7) study. At least three years after treatment was started, the 178 @entity1 that were randomized at St. Olavs Hospital were approached. One hundred and three @entity1 of these accepted inclusion. The side effects according to LENT/SOMA were graded by oncologist and nurse. In addition, side effects were graded according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (EORTC/RTOG) @entity137 scale and @entity1 -reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires. Content/face validity, sensitivity and inter-rater reliability of the LENT/SOMA tables for rectum were analyzed. RESULTS: Content/face analysis of LENT/SOMA revealed serious problems. Significant correlations (Spearman's rho > 0.4) were found between three of 15 LENT/SOMA items and similar HRQOL items. LENT/SOMA score made it possible to detect significant differences between the two groups of @entity1 (p < 0.001), EORTC/RTOG @entity137 score did not (p = 0.138). Inter-rater reliability was acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: LENT/SOMA scoring system for recto-anal side effects after radiotherapy for @entity263 displays serious difficulties in the present study. Replacement of LENT/SOMA tables for rectum by a combination of @entity1 -reported HRQOL questionnaires, clinical examination and objective physiological measurements might be called for.

title: Late radiation effects to the rectum and anus after treatment for XXXX ; validity of the LENT/SOMA score.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity7980 ( @entity7980 L.), acclimated to 5 _C, were equipped with ultrasonic transmitters which allowed the continuous monitoring of their vertical movements and heart rate. Fish were then placed in a 125 m3 tower tank in which the various thermal conditions they encounter in their natural environment were reproduced. Physiological and behavioural responses of cod were followed in parallel to the induced environmental changes. The experimental conditions studied in the tower tank were also reproduced in a swimming respirometer, where @entity26 consumption and heart rate could be monitored within the activity range of a free-swimming animal. In a homogeneous water column, a rise in temperature induced marked increases in fish swimming activity, heart rate and heart beat-to-beat variability. In a thermally stratified environment, voluntary activity also increased when the thermal structure of the water column was altered, though no temperature-dependent changes in heart rate were observed. In this case, fish avoided the new temperature conditions, exhibiting distinct thermoregulatory behaviour. Stratification of the water column also prompted daily cyclic changes in fish distribution, animals tending to be in deeper and colder water layers during the day and in shallower and warmer layers at night. Respirometry experiments revealed that the thermoregulatory behaviour observed in free-ranging fish was probably driven by the energetic expedient of maintaining the physiological status quo _ i.e. avoiding bioenergically costly reacclimation processes. Indeed, acute temperature increases or decreases of 2.5 _C led to marked differences in @entity26 consumption, with metabolic rate changes of 15 and 30 %, respectively. The persistent linear relationship between heart rate and @entity26 consumption allowed us to estimate, from the heart rate recorded in free-swimming fish, the entire range of metabolic responses that cod underwent voluntarily while experiencing a thermally stratified water column. The most profound metabolic effect, however, was observed with feeding, when @entity26 consumption increased by as much as 80 %, resulting in an estimated 90 % reduction in their subsequent scope for activity.

title: Physiology and behaviour of free-swimming @entity7980 ( XXXX ) facing fluctuating temperature conditions

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic cod', 'Gadus morhua']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) are characterized by the existence of multiple persistent functional somatic symptoms. Not many @entity1 fulfilling the criteria for an @entity2531 , receive a formal diagnosis, and it is unknown which factors explain this discrepancy. @entity1 that tend to worry and @entity1 that gather more health information may have an increased chance of an @entity2531 diagnosis. We hypothesized that high intelligence and high @entity663 increase the probability of an @entity2531 diagnosis in @entity1 with persistent functional somatic symptoms. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate @entity1 factors that might be important in the process of syndrome labeling. METHODS: Our study was performed in a large, representative population cohort (n   =   976) in Groningen, The Netherlands, and included two assessment waves. Intelligence was measured using the General Aptitude Test Battery version B 1002-B. @entity663 was measured using the 12-item @entity663 scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Functional somatic symptoms were measured with the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Current @entity2531 diagnosis was assessed with a questionnaire. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses including sum scores of @entity663 , intelligence scores, sex, number of functional somatic symptoms, and age as potential predictors of having an @entity2531 diagnosis. RESULTS: From the 976 @entity1 that completed measurements at follow-up, 289 (26.4  %) @entity1 reported at least one persistent functional somatic symptom, and these subjects were included in the main analyses (38.4  % males, mean age of 55.2  years (SD   =   10.7), 36-82  years). High numbers of functional somatic symptoms ((OR)   =   1.320; 95  % (CI)   =   1.097-1.588), female sex (OR   =   9.068; 95  % CI   =   4.061-20.251), and high intelligence (OR   =   1.402; 95  % CI   =   1.001-1.963) were associated with an @entity2531 diagnosis, while age (OR   =   0.989; 95  % CI   =   960-1.019) and @entity663 (OR   =   0.956; 95  % CI   =   0.872-1.048) were not. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that high intelligence, but not high @entity663 , increases the chance of syndrome labeling in @entity1 with persistent functional somatic symptoms.

title: Predictors of a functional somatic syndrome diagnosis in XXXX with persistent functional somatic symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['FSS', 'Functional somatic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism', 'Neuroticism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2331 in @entity785 ( @entity2631 ) @entity1 was reported in X-ray studies of hands and by proximal and distal forearm bone mass measurement. It has been suggested that @entity604 in these @entity1 might be due to chronic @entity63 , immobilization and early menopause. Nevertheless, it is not established if these @entity1 present generalized @entity2331 . To shed light into this point we studied bone mineral density in the spine, proximal femur and total body in @entity1 with @entity785 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Twenty-five Caucasian @entity1 were evaluated. Mean age of @entity1 was 48 +/- 12 years and mean time of disease was 7 +/- 7 years; 13 were postmenopausal (8 +/- 8 years). Bone mass was measured in the spine, proximal femur and total body by using a dual-photon absorptiometry with X rays source (Lunar-Model DPX). RESULTS: Bone mass in different sites was not statistically different from the age-matched control healthy @entity1 . Mean bone mass of @entity1 with limited form was not different from @entity1 with diffuse form of @entity785 . @entity1 with @entity730 had lower bone mass at proximal femur than those without this alteration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity785 do not present @entity604 and this disease in not a risk factor for generalized @entity170 .

title: [Study of bone density in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic scleroderma']


abstract: Studies were conducted on six conscious @entity235 instrumented for measurement of subendocardial segment lengths in the area perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA), LCCA flow, and left ventricular pressure. Externally inflatable occluders were placed around the proximal LAD and LCCA. Collateral channels sufficient for the resting metabolic demands in the occluded LCCA perfusion territory were induced by repeated, brief LCCA occlusions. @entity235 were then subjected to two consecutive brief periods of @entity432 . @entity4341 (0.25 mg/kg) was injected intravenously 3 min prior to the second @entity432 . The collateral blood flow from the LCCA to the occluded LAD area was measured as the stepwise decrease in LCCA flow upon release of the @entity432 . During @entity432 after @entity4341 treatment collateral blood flow velocity decreased to 3.8 +/- 1.1 cm/s (+/- standard error) compared with a value of 4.9 +/- 0.9 cm/s measured during @entity432 without @entity4341 treatment. Percentage systolic segment shortening in the collateral dependent zone significantly deteriorated from 14.3 +/- 5.2 to 9.7 +/- 5.0% (p less than 0.05). Electrocardiograms taken simultaneously from endocardial ultrasonic transducers in the ischemic segment revealed significant increases in ST-segment level from 4.2 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.6 mV. These findings indicate that @entity4341 adversely affects the extent of @entity741 in the collateral-dependent zone.

title: Effects of @entity4341 on collateral flow and regional myocardial function in conscious XXXX with newly developed collaterals.

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: In @entity526 , @entity7391 -mediated regulation of upp expression occurs by @entity856 -sensitive selection of alternative transcriptional start sites, which produces transcripts that differ in the ability to be elongated. The upp initially transcribed region contains the sequence GATTTTTTTTG (nontemplate strand). Initiation can occur at either the first or the second base in this sequence (designated G6 and A7, with numbering from the promoter -10 region). High intracellular @entity856 levels favor initiation at position A7; however, the resulting transcripts are subject to reiterative transcription (i.e., repetitive UMP addition) within the 8-bp T. A tract in the initially transcribed region and are aborted. In contrast, low intracellular @entity856 levels favor initiation at position G6, which results in transcripts that can, in part, avoid reiterative transcription and be elongated normally. In this study, we examined the regulatory requirement for the long T. A tract in the upp initially transcribed region. We constructed upp promoter mutations that shorten the T. A tract to 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 bp and examined the effects of these mutations on upp expression and regulation. The results indicate that @entity7391 -mediated regulation is gradually reduced as the T. A tract is shortened from 7 to 3 bp; at which point regulation ceases. This reduction in regulation is due to large-percentage increases in upp expression in cells grown under conditions of @entity7391 excess. Quantitation of cellular transcripts and in vitro transcription studies indicate that the observed effects of a shortened T. A tract on upp expression and regulation are due to increases in the fraction of both G6- and A7-initiated transcripts that avoid reiterative transcription and are elongated normally.

title: A long T. A tract in the upp initially transcribed region is required for regulation of upp expression by @entity856 -dependent reiterative transcription in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Giving birth to a stillborn @entity1 is a tragedy. The aim of this study is to investigate the meeting of mothers with their stillborn @entity1 and the @entity1 's experiences of support during and after the delivery. METHODS: In a nationwide study in Sweden, data from 636 @entity1 who gave birth to a stillborn or live baby were collected by means of an anonymous postal questionnaire in 1994. RESULTS: Among the 314 @entity1 who gave birth to a stillborn @entity1 , nearly every mother had seen her @entity1 , and 80 percent had carressed her baby. More than 90 percent of the mothers stated that the medical staff showed respect, and about 80 percent of the mothers stated that staff exhibited tenderness toward their dead @entity1 . The mother's assessment of respect and tenderness to her @entity1 by medical staff was almost identical between @entity2209 and live births. Nearly 70 percent of the @entity1 reported that the hospital had good routines to support mothers of stillborn @entity1 . Feelings of sadness and having been deeply hurt or angered by the medical staff's behavior were reported by 37 percent of the @entity1 . A difficult balance is still to be achieved between @entity1 being forced to encounter the baby when not yet ready versus others who wish the staff had given more encouragement. The value of properly taken photographs is described. CONCLUSIONS: Treating @entity2209 as a nonevent has been largely, if not entirely, abandoned in Sweden. Most mothers of a stillborn @entity1 experience that the medical staff treat their dead @entity1 appropriately.

title: XXXX is no longer managed as a nonevent: a nationwide study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth', 'stillbirths']

answer: @entity2209 :: (MESH:D050497,Disease) :: ['Stillbirth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the circadian effects of @entity1369 blockade on autonomic tone and @entity1162 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1482 therapy given in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improved survival in @entity712 , but the mechanism of its benefit is uncertain. Experimental evidence suggests that @entity1369 may have detrimental effects on the autonomic nervous system, especially during the morning hours. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with New York Heart Association class II to IV @entity712 received @entity1482 50 mg daily and placebo for four weeks each in a double-blind crossover fashion. After each treatment phase, a full circadian assessment was undertaken of @entity1482 's autonomic effects. The assessment included monitoring heart rate, @entity1162 , continuous Holter recordings, heart rate variability (HRV) and @entity1063 kinetics. RESULTS: @entity1482 significantly reduced all indices of @entity1162 . The reductions in QTcmax, QTd and QTcd were greatest at 6 AM. In addition, @entity1482 had favorable autonomic effects, which were limited to the morning (6-10 AM), including heart rate reduction and an improvement in HRV. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1482 reduced heart rate and improved HRV and @entity1162 in @entity712 . Its effects were particularly prominent during the morning hours.

title: Circadian variation in the effects of @entity1369 blockade on heart rate variability and @entity1162 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess midtrimester uterine artery Doppler in the prediction of @entity1468 and small for gestational age (SGA) @entity1 in @entity1 with @entity1701 . METHODS: One hundred seventy pregnant @entity1 with histories of recurrent miscarriage in association with antiphospholipid antibodies (32 @entity4555 positive, 47 IgG anticardiolipin positive, 78 IgM anticardiolipin positive, and 13 @entity4555 and anticardiolipin antibodies positive) treated with low-dose @entity117 and heparin were recruited prospectively. Doppler assessment of the uterine arteries (presence or absence of notches and pulsatility index) were performed at 16-18 and 22-24 weeks. The main outcome measures were the delivery of a SGA @entity1 and the development of @entity1468 . RESULTS: There were 164 live births and six midtrimester losses. The prevalence of @entity1468 and SGA was similar at 10%. In predicting @entity1468 or SGA, uterine artery pulsatility index at either interval was of no value, and the diagnostic accuracy of the Doppler was limited to bilateral uterine artery notches at 22-24 weeks in the subgroup of @entity1 with positive @entity4555 . In this subgroup, bilateral uterine artery notches at 22-24 weeks in predicting @entity1468 generated a high likelihood ratio for positive test (12.8, 95% confidence interval 2.2, 75), sensitivity (75%), specificity (94%), positive (75%) and negative (94%) predictive value. In predicting SGA, the corresponding figures were respectively 13.6 (95% confidence interval 1.9, 96), 80%, 94%, 80%, 94%. Uterine artery Doppler was of limited value in pregnancies associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in isolation. CONCLUSION: In pregnancies associated with @entity4555 , uterine artery Doppler at 22-24 weeks is a useful screening test in predicting @entity1468 and SGA @entity1 .

title: Uterine artery Doppler in predicting pregnancy outcome in women with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric banding on the development of @entity354 using both subjective and objective methods. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 50 consecutive, morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) 42.5 (5), 27 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ; mean age 48 years, range 38-57 years). INTERVENTIONS: Vertical banded gastroplasty (n = 24) or gastric banding (n = 26). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of evaluation by standardised questionnaire, 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry, and endoscopy. RESULTS: After six months the mean (SD) BMI had decreased to 34.4 (5.7), with no differences between the groups. Mild @entity1282 was somewhat more common (13 compared with 1) but the incidence of heartburn (8 compared with 17), and acid regurgitation (12 compared with 14) were less after the operation; 3 @entity1 developed @entity2681 , two in the vertical banded group and one in the banding group. Ambulatory pH-metry readings did not change significantly from preoperatively and there were no differences between the two operations. One @entity1 developed pathological reflux, and in three the values returned to the normal range. CONCLUSION: Gastric restriction operations including those with a narrow stoma that causes outflow obstruction do not seem to increase the incidence of reflux in @entity1 with functioning antireflux barriers.

title: Vertical banded gastroplasty or gastric banding for morbid XXXX : effects on @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The first part of this article is a translation of an editorial which appeared in the journal Gerodontology. The author warns that a great increase is expected in the number of @entity303 @entity1 in the United Kingdom and he argues that care for these @entity1 be given a high place on the national agenda. @entity303 was also a major issue at the meeting of the International Association for Dental Research in March 2007. Several international studies presented there indicated that elderly @entity1 with @entity303 constitute a group at risk with respect to oral health. In the evaluation of the editorial, the situation in The Netherlands is described. There is also serious concern in The Netherlands about the statistics with respect to @entity303 . Due to the growing number of frail elderly @entity1 having a natural dentition, the need for professional oral care will increase. General practitioners have the important task of providing adequate oral health care for elderly @entity1 suffering from @entity303 who are still living at home. Guidelines for Oral Care, having to do with the improvement of oral care in institutions, appeared recently. With the guidelines, a good basis for developing adequate oral health care of frail elderly @entity1 is available. However, the implementation of these guidelines will require some attention.

title: [ XXXX and oral health].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is frequently associated with extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) and infliximab has been recently proposed for the treatment of @entity30 with EIMs. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term efficacy of infliximab in this treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity30 @entity1 were treated with infliximab. Fifteen @entity1 (50%) showed EIMs before starting therapy. Ten @entity1 presented an @entity625 ( @entity6592 , @entity1511 ), with six also reporting peripheral @entity4841 . Four @entity1 presented cutaneous EIMs while three @entity1 had an ocular EIM. RESULTS: At week 10, all @entity1 reported an improvement in EIMs. Regarding @entity625 , ASAS20 and ASAS40 improvement was observed in 80% and 60% of @entity1 , respectively. In the four @entity1 with cutaneous EIMs and in the three with ocular EIMs, complete healing was observed. Recurrence was observed in 10 out of 15 @entity1 (66%) and a second course of treatment with infliximab was required. This proved to be effective in all cases except for one @entity1 who stopped treatment because of a severe adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab is an effective drug in the short-term treatment of EIMs complicating @entity30 . Although relapse of EIMs occurs frequently, retreatment ensures effective control of the symptoms.

title: Infliximab in the treatment of extra-intestinal manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['five sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['five spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Much attention has been paid whether there are any differences in regulating the @entity1 immune response between HLA-DR and -DQ molecules encoded by the genes within the HLA class II multigene family. Previous studies have suggested that HLA DQ molecules control low responsiveness through activating @entity404 T cells which generate @entity405 positive T cells, whereas HLA -DR molecules control high responsiveness through activating @entity404 helper T cells. To examine this model we investigated the streptococcal cell wall antigen (SCW) specific T cell lines restricted by either DR or DQ molecule. To identify the restricting molecules, L cell transfectants expressing DQw1, DR2AB1 or DR2AB5 from Dw12 haplotype or DQw4, @entity4107 or DRw53 from DW15 haplotype were used. 1. From individuals with Dw12 which is a low responder haplotype to SCW, T cell clones specific to SCW and restricted by HLA-DQw1 or DR2 were identified, whereas from individuals with Dw15 which is a high responder haplotype, only @entity4107 or DRw53 restricted T cell clones were identified and DQw4 restricted T cells were never observed. 2. SCW specific @entity404 T cells restricted by DQw1 were able to support the growth of @entity405 positive cells, whereas those restricted by @entity4107 could not do so. 3. The @entity405 T cells also required autologous antigen presenting cells and SCW to grow, and they completely blocked the immune response to SCW in vitro. These observations clearly demonstrated the distinct function of HLA-DQ and -DR molecules in regulating the @entity1 immune response to SCW.

title: [ @entity404 +T cells restricted by DQ not by DR support XXXX +T cells to grow].

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Late side-effects of stem cell transplantation include @entity6126 with @entity249 and @entity250 , but gynaecomastia is less well recognised. We report five cases of gynaecomastia with features of @entity2746 ( @entity28884 ), who received either a @entity131 / @entity786 conditioned allograft (n = 3) or a BEAM autograft (n = 2). @entity1 receiving an allograft had gynaecomastia, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) diminished libido and @entity323 . Surgery was required in one case, while in two cases the gynaecomastia resolved spontaneously after 6 months. Two @entity1 also had gynaecomastia and @entity250 , severe @entity6126 , very low @entity251 levels and marked @entity4089 following autoBMT. Both responded well to @entity251 replacement therapy (TRT). As a group, all @entity1 had @entity28884 and all except one, had @entity177 (compensated or frank). However, there was no correlation between the severity of gynaecomastia and the @entity4903 . This preliminary study is the first to suggest that gynaecomastia, due to @entity6126 and @entity177 , may be a significant complication of myeloablative conditioning therapy. Therefore gynaecomastia in BMT recipients must always be treated as a pathological entity as it may be the external manifestation of a complex endocrine pathology. It is a potentially treatable condition. Although spontaneously reversible, some @entity1 may require TRT or even surgery. We recommend comprehensive endocrine testing in conjunction with a reproductive endocrinologist and prompt intervention to alleviate embarrassment and @entity148 in afflicted BMT recipients.

title: Gynaecomastia with XXXX and @entity177 in recipients of high-dose chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28884 :: ('MESH:C543092', 'Disease') :: ['primary testicular failure']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell insufficiency', 'LCI']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'primary hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['degree of endocrine dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity2746 :: (MESH:D013132,Disease) :: ['hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of measuring total maternal plasma fibronectin in predicting the risk of developing @entity1468 . METHOD: In a cohort of 657 initially normotensive pregnant nulliparous @entity1 blood samples were collected at 26, 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. After delivery 3 groups were selected for measurement of total plasma fibronectin. The first group comprised 24 @entity1 who developed @entity1468 ; the second 21 @entity1 who developed gestational @entity101 , and the third 89 age-matched controls who remained normotensive. RESULTS: In @entity1 who developed @entity1468 the fibronectin levels were higher at 26 (p < 0.01), 30 (p < 0.001) and 34 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001) than in pregnant controls. In the general population of pregnant nulliparous @entity1 the estimated risk of subsequent @entity1468 correlated with the fibronectin level at each measurement. In @entity1 with fibronectin levels within the 25th percentile at the 26th week of gestation, the risk was </=1.9% and within the 90th percentile >/=6.2%. The change in fibronectin levels between 26 and 34 weeks of gestation was the only variable that remained statistically associated with @entity1468 (p = 0.0002) in multivariate analysis. In this model the risk figures for the corresponding percentiles were </=1.0 and >/=5.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Longitudinal assessment of the change in total fibronectin levels predicted @entity1468 slightly better than cross-sectional analysis of fibronectin at any gestational age. Nevertheless, measurement of total fibronectin in maternal plasma could not be proven to be a useful clinical predictor for @entity1468 in a general obstetric population of nulliparous @entity1 .

title: Total fibronectin in maternal plasma as a predictor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell labeling with superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticles enables noninvasive MRI and tracking of transplanted stem cells. We sought to determine whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) outcome is affected by SPIO labeling in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity35 MSCs were labeled with SPIO ( @entity11830 ; Endorem; Guerbet, Villepinte, France). By @entity3460 exclusion assay, almost 100% of the cells remained viable after labeling. Seven days after MI, @entity35 were randomized to injections of 2x10(6) SPIO-labeled MSCs, 2x10(6) unlabeled MSCs, or saline. Labeled cells were visualized in the @entity1188 as large black spots by serial MRI studies throughout the 4-week follow-up. The presence of labeled cells was confirmed by @entity68 staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction on postmortem specimens. At 4 weeks after transplantation, the site of cell injection was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Costaining for @entity68 and ED1 (resident macrophage marker) showed that the @entity68 -positive cells were cardiac macrophages. By real-time polymerase chain reaction, the Y-chromosome-specific SRY DNA of MSCs from male donors was not detected in infarcted hearts of female recipients. Serial echocardiography studies at baseline and 4 weeks after cell transplantation showed that both unlabeled and labeled MSCs attenuated progressive @entity1002 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: At 4 weeks after transplantation of SPIO-labeled MSCs, the transplanted cells are not present in the scar and the enhanced MRI signals arise from cardiac macrophages that engulfed the SPIO nanoparticles. However, both labeled and unlabeled cells attenuate @entity1002 after @entity583 .

title: XXXX labeling and outcome of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in the @entity1188 .

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan-blue']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity11830 :: ('MESH:C065507', 'Chemical') :: ['ferumoxides']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['Iron-oxide']


abstract: Six @entity1707 (initial weight 30 kg) were fitted with T-shaped cannulas in the ileum, 0.3 m from the ileocaecal junction. Each @entity1707 was given each of seven diets for a 10 d period. The diets contained @entity3505 . Banks and Egret), @entity2247 , @entity1101 , meat meal, soya-bean meal or casein as test feedstuffs. The apparent digestibilities of @entity1885 to the ileum of the @entity1707 were 0.06, -0.03, -1.23, 0.18, 0.82, 0.12 and 0.95 for the diets containing @entity3505 . Banks), @entity3505 . Egret), @entity1101 , @entity2247 , meat meal, soya-bean meal and casein respectively. The same diets were given to 168 @entity1573 . Digesta were collected from the terminal ileum after 7 d. The apparent digestibilities of @entity1885 to the ileum of the @entity1573 were 0.11, -0.10, -0.73, 0.05, 0.69, 0.28 and 0.75 for the diets containing @entity3505 . Banks), @entity3505 . Egret), @entity1101 , @entity2247 , meat meal, soya-bean meal and casein respectively.

title: XXXX studies in @entity1707 . 4. @entity1885 availability in feedstuffs for @entity1707 and @entity1573 .

answer: @entity1885 :: (MESH:D001710,Chemical) :: ['Biotin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To localize the lesions associated with @entity1779 . METHODS: We examined 20 @entity1 with @entity1805 caused by @entity385 (17 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 aged 49 to 81 years; mean age, 65.1 years). Ishihara plates, standard pseudoisochromatic plates(part 2) and the panel D-15 test were used to examine color perception. Color matching tasks and color naming tasks were used to test color recognition. We tried to apply functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) to lesion analysis in the brain. RESULTS: Cerebral @entity3641 was diagnosed in four @entity1 . The analysis showed that lesions in the infracalcarine area(Brodmann's area 18 and 19) were associated with @entity1779 . Additionally, the lesions associated with failure of the panel D-15(PD-15) test were located more anterior than the lesions associated with failure of Ishihara plates. CONCLUSION: We show evidence that lesions in the anterio-ventral temporo-occipital area are associated with @entity1779 . This result is in accord with past observations(autopsy, fMRI and positron emission tomography).

title: [Analysis with magnetic resonance imaging of lesions in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['homonymous hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['achromatopsia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral achromatopsia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral achromatopsia']


abstract: The Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), developed by Juniper et al., assesses the impact of @entity565 on @entity1 's daily life. It contains 23 items, covering three dimensions: symptoms, activities limitation and emotional function. AIMS: To develop an equivalent Spanish version of the PAQLQ, and to assess its measurement characteristics. METHODS: The forward and back-translation method was used for the adaptation. A longitudinal study (assessments at the 1st and 5th weeks), with @entity1 from the emergency and outpatient departments of three Spanish hospitals, was designed to test the properties of the new adapted version. At each visit, a trained interviewer administered the PAQLQ, a Global Index of Change and a General Health Perception scale. The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was also recorded daily, together with symptoms, during the prior week. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 (66.7% males, 42.4% suffering an exacerbation, mean age of 11.3 years) with the following types of @entity565 were evaluated: mild intermittent (31.3%), mild persistent (36.4%), moderate persistent (29.3%) and severe persistent (3%). At the 1st visit, the mean pre-bronchodilator %PEFR was 87.3%. The Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.86 to 0.95. As expected, correlations between the PAQLQ scores, and the Asthma Control Score (0.53-0.67), the General Health Perception (0.34-0.55), and the %PEFR (0.44-0.55) were moderate. The PAQLQ scores remained unchanged in stable @entity1 while increased significantly in those showing improvements. CONCLUSIONS: After a standard cross-cultural adaptation process, the Spanish version of the PAQLQ has shown to be equivalent to the original, with similar internal consistency reliability, validity and sensitivity to clinical changes.

title: The spanish version of the paediatric XXXX quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ): metric characteristics and equivalence with the original version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutrophils are one of the predominant immune cells initially migrating to surgical wound edges. They produce mediators both associated with supporting (interleukin [IL]-1b, @entity12920 ) and reducing (opioid peptides) @entity158 . Studies demonstrate neutrophil depletion/blockade reduces nociceptive sensitization @entity128 and carrageenan administration, but enhance sensitization in complete Freund's adjuvant @entity32 . This research identifies the contribution of infiltrating neutrophils to incisional @entity158 and @entity32 . METHODS: Antibody-mediated @entity17775 neutrophil depletion preceded hind paw incisions. Sensitization to mechanical and thermal stimuli, effects on @entity4 and local levels of @entity635 and @entity12920 were measured. Local effects of @entity12920 or IL-1 receptor antagonists @entity54483 and anakinra on sensitization after neutrophil depletion were examined. Groups of 4-8 @entity19 were used. RESULTS: Anti- @entity17775 antibody depleted more than 90% of circulating and infiltrating skin neutrophils after incision. Neutrophil depletion did not change magnitude or duration of mechanical @entity56 in incised @entity19 . However, paw @entity4 was significantly reduced and @entity56 was slightly increased in depleted animals. In depleted animals @entity635 levels were half of controls 24 h after incision, whereas @entity12920 levels were increased in both. Prominent @entity635 immunohistochemical staining of epidermis was seen in both groups. @entity54483 and anakinra reduced incisional mechanical and heat nociceptive sensitization to the same extent, regardless of neutrophil depletion. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil-derived @entity635 and @entity12920 do not appear to contribute critically to peri-incisional nociceptive signaling. Other sources of mediators, such as epidermal cells, may need to be considered. Controlling inflammatory activation of resident cells in epidermis/deeper structures may show therapeutic efficacy in reducing @entity158 from surgical incisions.

title: Roles of @entity17775 + leukocytes in postincisional nociceptive sensitization and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['after nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['heat hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary flaxseed may have beneficial cardiovascular effects. An aged population has a higher incidence of @entity65 , but they may react differently to flaxseed in the diet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the response, over a period of 4 weeks, of subjects aged 18-29 or 45-69 years to a diet containing the same amount of @entity7461 (ALA) (6 g) introduced in the form of ground flaxseed (30 g) or flaxseed oil. RESULTS: All subjects who received flaxseed oil showed a significant increase in plasma ALA and @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) concentrations over the course of this study. Subjects who received ground flaxseed in the 18-29-year-old group showed a statistically significant increase in their plasma ALA levels, and although there was a trend in the same direction for the 45-69-year-old subjects, this did not achieve statistical significance. The diets induced no major changes in @entity1423 , plasma total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels in any of the groups. Younger subjects showed a decrease in @entity412 (TG) values compared with older subjects. There were no significant side effects that caused compliancy issues. CONCLUSION: Subject age does not seem to be a major determining factor in influencing ALA absorption from a flaxseed-supplemented diet nor in the metabolism of ALA to @entity8393 in the groups fed flaxseed oil. Concerns about side effects in older subjects administered a higher fiber load in a flaxseed-supplemented diet are not justified. However, younger but not older subjects showed a beneficial decrease in circulating TGs due to flaxseed supplementation.

title: Bioavailability of XXXX from flaxseed diets as a function of the age of the subject.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7461 :: (MESH:D017962,Chemical) :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']


abstract: AIMS: Benefits to @entity1 from systemic anti- @entity5 therapies (SACT) occur at a cost of significant @entity137 that can be life threatening. Published data of SACT mortality outside clinical trials is limited with no published Australia data. We aim to establish local outcomes at a regional Victorian oncology center to allow comparison with limited international data. METHODS: An audit was undertaken at Ballarat Health Services to analyze all @entity204 occurring within 30 and 60   days of receiving SACT (cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy) for epithelial @entity5 and @entity1583 (excluding @entity3052 ), over a 12-month period. Hormonal therapy was excluded. RESULTS: Between 1 January and 31 December 2008, 378 @entity1 received SACT. In total 13 @entity204 (3.4%) occurred within 30   days following SACT. Three @entity204 (23%) were definitely treatment-related - @entity1398 sepsis, @entity10592 and bowel perforation, respectively. Eight @entity204 (62%) were definitely unrelated to treatment. Most @entity204 were due to disease progression (six @entity1 ) For two @entity1 (15%), the cause of @entity204 was unknown. Most @entity1 were treated with palliative intent. Most @entity1 were receiving first-line treatment (seven @entity1 , 50%). A further five @entity204 (1.3%) occurred 31-60   days after SACT, four of which were due to disease progression. CONCLUSION: Our local outcome data are comparable to limited current international data. This type of audit reviews local outcomes and identifies factors contributing to mortality in order to improve standards of care. We encourage similar audits to establish national benchmarks of 30-day mortality rate.

title: Mortality within 30 days of receiving systemic anti- XXXX therapy at a regional oncology unit: what have we learned?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocystis pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exenatide is a subcutaneously injected incretin mimetic. It is indicated as adjunctive therapy to improve glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) who are already receiving therapy with @entity2449 , a @entity4136 , or both but continue to have suboptimal glycemic control. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews available information on the clinical pharmacology, comparative efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications and precautions, dosage and administration, availability and storage, and cost of exenatide. METHODS: MEDLINE (1966-April 2006) and Web of Science (1995-April 2006) were searched for original research and review articles published in the English language. The search terms used were exenatide, exendin-4, @entity5445 , @entity5445 , and incretin mimetic. The reference lists of identified articles were also consulted, as was selected information from the package insert for exenatide. All relevant comparative efficacy studies that were available in published form were included in the review. RESULTS: Naturally occurring incretins, such as @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ), exhibit insulinotropic properties after release into the circulation from the gut. As a @entity5445 agonist, exenatide improves @entity413 homeostasis by mimicking the actions of naturally occurring @entity5445 . It improves glycemic control by reducing fasting and postprandial @entity413 concentrations through a combination of known mechanisms, including @entity413 -dependent insulin secretion, restoration of first-phase insulin response, regulation of glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and decreasing food intake. Three Phase III comparative efficacy trials were identified that enrolled a total of 1,446 @entity1 who received exenatide 5 pg SC BID, exenatide 10 mug SC BID, or placebo for 30 weeks in addition to their existing therapy with @entity2449 , @entity4136 , or both. In these trials, the addition of exenatide was associated with significant reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) values (P < 0.001-P < 0.002), greater proportions of @entity1 achieving an HbA(1c) <or=7%, significant decreases in fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations (P < 0.001-P < 0.005), and a dose-dependent progressive @entity353 compared with placebo. @entity390 (43.5%) was the most commonly reported adverse event in the combined exenatide groups. Other adverse events occurring in >10% of @entity1 receiving exenatide were @entity4053 (19.6%), @entity294 (12.8%), and @entity391 (12.8%). CONCLUSIONS: During clinical trials, exenatide added to existing @entity2449 and/or @entity4136 therapy in @entity1 with @entity6 reduced fasting and postprandial @entity413 concentrations, with improvements in HbA(1c) and modest @entity353 . The main adverse effect associated with exenatide therapy was @entity390 .

title: Exenatide: an incretin mimetic for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-Like peptide-1', 'glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The effects of @entity2493 on @entity413 metabolism are far from understood. In @entity35 , the biological clock generates a 24-h rhythm in plasma @entity413 concentrations, with declining concentrations in the dark period. We hypothesized that, in the @entity35 , @entity2493 enhances the dark signal of the biological clock, decreasing @entity413 concentrations in the dark period. We measured 24-h rhythms of plasma concentrations of @entity413 and insulin in pinealectomized @entity35 fed ad libitum and subjected to a scheduled feeding regimen with six meals equally distributed over the light/dark cycle and compared them with previous data of intact @entity35 . Pinealectomy dampened the amplitude of the 24-h rhythm in plasma @entity413 concentrations in @entity35 fed ad libitum, and abolished it completely in @entity35 subjected to the scheduled feeding regimen, while plasma insulin concentrations did not change under both conditions. Pinealectomy abolished the nocturnal decline in plasma @entity413 concentrations irrespective of whether @entity35 were fed ad libitum or subjected to the scheduled feeding regimen. @entity2493 replacement restored 24-h mean plasma @entity413 concentrations in pinealectomized @entity35 that were subjected to the scheduled feeding regimen but, interestingly, it did not restore the 24-h rhythm. @entity2493 treatment also resulted in higher meal-induced insulin responses, probably mediated via an increased sensitivity of the beta-cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the pineal hormone, @entity2493 , influences both @entity413 metabolism and insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cell. The present study also demonstrates that removal of the pineal gland cannot be compensated by mimicking plasma @entity2493 concentrations only.

title: Role for the pineal and @entity2493 in @entity413 homeostasis: pinealectomy increases night-time XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity2091 vara were treated with progressive opening-wedge osteotomy. The maximum varus deviation of the mechanical axis of the @entity2091 varied from 20 degrees to 12 degrees. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 26 months. Complete correction of the deformity was achieved without any major complications. Progressive opening-wedge osteotomy offers several advantages over conventional osteotomy in adults. First, fibular osteotomy is unnecessary. Second, knee mobility is only slightly restricted immediately following surgery. Third, it is possible to adjust correction postoperatively, and finally, progressive opening-wedge osteotomy does not induce shortening of the lower limb. The most significant disadvantage is the need for prolonged external fixation. This technique should be reserved for @entity1 with severe @entity85 (minimum of 15 degrees varus) and mild or moderate @entity571 .

title: Progressive opening-wedge osteotomy for severe XXXX vara in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

answer: @entity2091 :: (MESH:C535563,Disease) :: ['tibia']


abstract: In order to assess the progress and limitation of chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity151 in the elderly, we analyzed 218 @entity1 who had entered into protocol studies between 1982 and 1990. Among those, there were 101 elderly @entity1 (age of greater than or equal to 66 years) and 117 non-elderly @entity1 (age of less than or equal to 65 years). Response to chemotherapy with or without chest irradiation was almost comparable for the elderly and the non-elderly; complete response rate was 52% for limited disease (LD) and 33% for @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in the elderly, and it was 68% for LD and 23% for @entity66 in the non-elderly. Survival figures of the two groups were quite similar: The median survival time was 12.6 months for the elderly and 14.5 months for the non-elderly, and the 3-year survival rate was 14% for both groups. An improvement of @entity1 survival was observed along with the chronology of the protocols, i.e., with a escalation of dose intensity. Of interest, the improvement was rather evident in the elderly than in the non-elderly. Hematologic @entity137 was considerable more frequent and severe in the elderly than in the non-elderly with non-significant statistics. The incidense of @entity221 episodes while neutropenic was significantly more frequent in the elderly. @entity1503 was almost comparable for the two groups, with a exception that the elderly showed a trend being predisposed to @entity8 . In conclusion, such elderly @entity1 as eligible for entry into a protocol study can benefit from intensive treatment as equally as non-elderly @entity1 can.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in the elderly: the progress and limitation of chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare performance after cochlear implantation in @entity1 with mutations in @entity3492 ( @entity3492 ) or @entity4700 ( @entity4700 ) and @entity1 with @entity2319 of unknown etiology. DESIGN: Genetic analysis and speech perception evaluation was performed in the @entity1 with and without Cx mutations who had undergone cochlear implantation. Speech perception performance was retrospectively analyzed 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after implantation. Test material was selected according to the @entity1 's age and cognitive and language abilities. SETTING: The study took place at speech and hearing and genetic centers of a hospital in the central part of Israel and the genetics departments of 3 additional centrally located hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 30 @entity1 who had undergone cochlear implantation were selected for the study, with control @entity1 matched according to age at implantation, duration of implant use, and mode of communication. There was no evidence for additional disabilities or handicaps in either group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Speech perception measurements included a questionnaire, as well as closed and open-set tests. RESULTS: Overall, the 2 groups showed significant improvement in speech perception results after implantation. Four years after implantation, both groups achieved mean open-set speech perception scores of approximately 60%, 75%, and 90% for monosyllabic, 2 syllables, and words in sentences tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were no apparent differences in speech perception performance after implantation between the @entity1 with Cx mutations and @entity1 with @entity2319 of unknown etiology. These data have important implications as a prognostic indicator when counseling candidates for cochlear implantation.

title: Connexin-associated XXXX and speech perception outcome of cochlear implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 who had symptomatic @entity3458 received matched sibling marrow allografts between September 1991 and March 1999, with Kaplan-Meier probabilities of survival and event-free survival of 94% and 84%, respectively. Twenty-six @entity1 (16 male, 10 female) had at least 2 years of follow-up after transplantation and were evaluated for late effects of transplantation and for its impact on sickle cell-related central nervous system (CNS) and @entity358 . @entity1 ranged between 3.3 and 14.0 (median, 9. 4) years of age and had a median follow-up of 57.9 (range 38-95) months after transplantation. Among 22 of 26 @entity1 who had stable donor engraftment, complications related to @entity3458 resolved, and none experienced further episodes of @entity158 , @entity64 , or @entity5837 . All 10 engrafted @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 had stable or improved cerebral magnetic resonance imaging results. Pulmonary function tests were stable in 22 of the 26 @entity1 , worse in two, and not studied in two. Seven of eight @entity1 transplanted for recurrent @entity5837 had stable pulmonary function. Linear growth measured by median height standard deviation score improved from -0.7 before transplantation to -0.2 after transplantation. An adverse effect of busulfan conditioning on ovarian function was demonstrated in five of seven evaluable females who are currently at least 13 years of age. None of the four males tested had elevated serum gonadotropin levels. These data confirm that allogenic bone marrow transplantation establishes normal erythropoiesis and is associated with improved growth and stable CNS imaging and pulmonary function in most @entity1 . (Blood. 2000;95:1918-1924)

title: Impact of bone marrow transplantation for symptomatic @entity3458 : an interim report. Multicenter investigation of bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report, from @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B Protocol 9082, the impact of high-dose @entity786 , @entity900 , and BCNU ( @entity2033 -CPB) vs. intermediate-dose CPB (ID-CPB) on the ability to start and complete the planned course of local-regional radiotherapy (RT) for @entity1 with @entity0 involving >or=10 axillary nodes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1991 to 1998, 785 @entity1 were randomized. The @entity2033 -CPB and ID-CPB arms were balanced regarding @entity1 characteristics. The @entity2033 -CPB and ID-CPB arms were compared on the probability of RT initiation, interruption, modification, or @entity445 . The impact of clinical variables and interactions between variables were also assessed. RESULTS: Radiotherapy was initiated in 82% (325 of 394) of @entity2033 -CPB vs. 92% (360 of 391) of ID-CPB @entity1 (p = 0.001). On multivariate analyses, RT was less likely given to @entity1 who were randomized to @entity2033 treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 0 .38, p < 0.001), older (p = 0.005), African American (p = 0.003), postmastectomy (p = 0.02), or @entity172 receptor positive (p = 0.03). High-dose treatment had a higher rate of RT interruption (21% vs. 12%, p = 0.001, OR = 2.05), modification (29% vs. 14%, p = 0.001, OR = 2.46), and early termination of RT (9% vs. 2%, p = 0.0001, OR = 5.35), compared with ID. CONCLUSION: Treatment arm significantly related to initiation, interruption, modification, and early termination of RT. @entity1 randomized to @entity2033 -CPB were less likely to initiate RT, and of those who did, they were more likely to have RT interrupted, modified, and terminated earlier than those randomized to ID-CPB. The observed lower incidence of RT usage in African Americans vs. non-African Americans warrants further study.

title: Impact of high-dose chemotherapy on the ability to deliver subsequent local-regional radiotherapy for @entity0 : analysis of @entity5 and XXXX Group B Protocol 9082.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incompleteness']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia']


abstract: The effects of @entity750 ( @entity750 ), @entity935 (DA), several peptides including @entity12927 and @entity10063 , the diterpene @entity1928 and @entity141 were examined on adenylate cyclase in a particulate fraction from hearts of @entity11066 . Enzyme activity was stimulated 6-7-fold by @entity750 (EC50, 1 microM) in the presence of @entity3007 . Several @entity750 analogs particularly @entity20532 and @entity16743 were also active. The stimulatory action of @entity750 was antagonized by the @entity750 receptor blockers @entity6521 and @entity10896 and by the DA receptor blocker @entity2644 . @entity935 had weak stimulatory action (EC50, 10 microM) and an efficacy relative to that of @entity750 of 0.3. The action of DA was antagonized by @entity18117 and @entity10896 . Several peptides including @entity12927 and @entity10063 had no effect on adenylate cyclase when tested over the concentration range 0.1-100 microM. The enzyme was stimulated 6-fold by the diterpene @entity1928 (EC50, 2 microM). @entity750 -stimulated activity was strongly inhibited by @entity141 . Calmodulin had no action on the enzyme in the presence of @entity141 .

title: Stimulation of adenylate cyclase in the heart of XXXX by biogenic amines.

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['metitepine']

entities_list: @entity18117 :: ('CHEBI:3647', 'Chemical') :: ['chloropromazine']

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasotocin']

entities_list: @entity16743 :: ('MESH:D008732', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N-N-dimethyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['methergoline']

entities_list: @entity20532 :: ('MESH:D008735', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity11066 :: ('6500', 'Species') :: ['Aplysia californica']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity11066 :: (6500,Species) :: ['Aplysia californica']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence of @entity1546 and assess the quality of endodontic fillings in the population of the city of Zagreb, Croatia. METHODS: A total of 1462 orthopantomograms from new @entity1 at 6 different dental practices was analyzed during 2006 and 2007. The presence of @entity1548 was determined by using the periapical index score (PAI). The quality of endodontic fillings was assessed according to the filling length and homogenicity. Data were analyzed using t test and ANOVA with Scheffe post-hoc test. RESULTS: There were 75.9% of @entity1 with @entity15296 and 8.5% of all teeth were endodontically treated. Only 34.2% of endodontically treated roots had adequate root canal filling length, while 36.2% of root canal fillings had homogenous appearance. From the total number of teeth with intracanal post, 17.5% had no visible root canal filling. Using @entity10854 as a threshold value for @entity1546 , @entity1548 were detected in 8.5% of teeth. Adequate quality of root canal fillings was associated with a lower prevalence of @entity1548 . CONCLUSION: We found a large proportion of @entity15296 with @entity1546 and a correlation between the quality of endodontic filling and the prevalence of @entity1548 . This all suggests that it is necessary to improve the quality of endodontic treatment in order to reduce the incidence and prevalence of @entity1546 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX and quality of root canal fillings in population of Zagreb, Croatia: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity15296 :: ('MESH:D019553', 'Disease') :: ['endodontically treated teeth']

answer: @entity1546 :: (MESH:D010485,Disease) :: ['apical periodontitis']


abstract: We describe a 'one-stop' @entity165 clinic implementing a regime based on the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) in @entity1 with established @entity301 in a district general hospital. The clinic has been established in collaboration with the cardiac rehabilitation centre. It was commissioned as an audit project by the purchasing authority, Walsall Health, a need having been shown in a previous audit. In the new clinic, audit is inbuilt, rather than being carried out as a separate retrospective exercise, and undertaken prospectively for all @entity1 . Central to this is a database, used for routine correspondence and administration, as well as monitoring outcome. This application of information technology has improved clinical practice. Attendance at the clinic has been excellent. Half the consultations have resulted in therapeutic interventions, many of which may otherwise have been missed. Over 50% of @entity1 were eligible for lipid-lowering medication under the protocol. @entity165 targets based on 4S were achieved but with much lower drug doses, which may have major cost implications. @entity165 levels measured within 24 hours of admission for @entity583 were poor predictors of results obtained after convalescence. After the clinic visit, most @entity1 were taking @entity117 plus one or two other secondary prevention treatments. Guidelines have been issued to primary care. Future plans for audit links with general practitioners, integration of the metabolic and cardiological assessment of survivors of @entity583 , and for long-term monitoring of clinical events in treated @entity1 are discussed.

title: The one-stop coronary XXXX clinic: a multidisciplinary approach to implementing evidence-based treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity5033 constitutes the standard procedure for draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in @entity1 with @entity1276 . Ventriculoatrial and ventriculopleural shunting are alternative methods of CSF drainage, which have gained less acceptance. @entity5033 are seldom used owing to justified fears of pneumothorax and symptomatic effusions of CSF. The addition of an antisiphon device to standard shunt systems seems to have prevented CSF @entity1143 . From 1988 to 1998, we treated each of six hydrocephalic @entity1 with a ventriculopleural shunt. In five cases we used new-technology valves designed to prevent the effects of siphoning with current differential pressure valves. @entity298 , recent @entity298 , @entity843 , and obstruction of a previous ventriculoatrial shunt were the indications for pleural shunting. After a mean follow-up period of 2.5 years all shunts were functioning adequately. Only one @entity1 showed transient symptoms of CSF overdrainage, which were corrected by up-grading the valve setting with the magnet. A late death was unrelated to the pleural shunting procedure. The use of valves of a new design designed to prevent overdrainage seems to account for the satisfactory outcomes observed in this series. We suggest that ventriculopleural shunting should be considered as the preferred alternative to peritoneal drainage in @entity1 with @entity1320 or with a history of @entity298 .

title: XXXX with new technology valves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunting', 'Ventriculopleural shunts']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal adhesions', 'recent peritoneal infection', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity5033 :: (MESH:C562451,Disease) :: ['Ventriculopleural shunting']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity705 are most commonly found in the appendicular skeleton. They occur less frequently in the spine and compression of the spinal cord is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an @entity705 arising from C7 vertebra presenting with @entity1745 in a @entity1 with nonhereditary multiple exostoses. Our purpose is to report this rare presentation and its successful management, and to highlight the clinico-radiological features of this treatable condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 20-year-old male with nonhereditary exostoses presented with gradual onset @entity425 in bilateral lower limbs, which had rapidly progressed to complete @entity451 over 1 month. The @entity5 was effectively treated by surgical excision along with spinal decompression. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological evidence complemented by clinico-radiological studies. RESULTS: There has been a complete functional recovery without any evidence of recurrence at last follow-up at 2 years. CONCLUSION: @entity1745 due to an @entity705 arising from C7 vertebra in a case with nonhereditary multiple exostoses is being reported for the first time. Both CT and MRI demonstrated the origin, size, extent and relationship of the @entity5 to the vertebral and neural elements. Complete recovery of functions after surgical decompression was achieved in this case. An @entity705 of spine must always be considered in all @entity1 with multiple exostoses who have spine @entity158 or develop @entity51 .

title: Osteochondroma of C7 vertebra presenting as @entity1745 in a XXXX with nonhereditary (nonfamilial/sporadic) multiple exostoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondromas', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neural deficit']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['Compressive myelopathy', 'compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported that post-mortem heparinization by closed-chest cardiac massage within 30 minutes after @entity1167 is beneficial in lung transplantation (LTx) from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) by preventing formation of microthrombi. In this study, we evaluated the effects of post-mortem administration of urokinase 60 minutes after @entity1167 . METHODS: Left LTx was performed in 12 pairs of mongrel @entity235 . Donors were sacrificed and left at room temperature for 2 hours. In Group 1 (n = 6), @entity6950 (1,000 U/kg) was administered intravenously 60 minutes after @entity1167 , then closed-chest cardiac massage was performed for 1 minute to distribute the heparin. In Group 2 (n = 6), the donors were treated as in Group 1, except, in addition to heparin @entity1372 , urokinase (120,000 U) was administered intravenously before and at the end of cardiac massage. After 2 hours of @entity1167 , donor lungs were flushed with low- @entity972 dextran @entity413 solution. After left LTx, the right pulmonary artery was ligated, and recipients were followed up for 3 hours. Uni- and multivariate repeat analyses were performed to obtain statistical data. RESULTS: Group 2 had significantly better arterial @entity26 tension, lower pulmonary vascular resistance and lower wet/dry weight ratio of the transplanted lung than Group 1. d-dimer level during the warm @entity63 was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Post-mortem administration of urokinase along with heparin is beneficial in LTx from NHBDs by fibrinolytic action on already formed pulmonary microthrombi in the cadaver donor lungs.

title: Post-mortem administration of urokinase in XXXX lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6950 :: ('MESH:D006493', 'Chemical') :: ['heparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor a (anti- @entity310 ) agents have been successfully applied for the treatment of @entity309 , @entity30 , and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Not only the neutralization of soluble @entity310 but also the effect on transmembrane @entity310 is important mechanisms of action of anti- @entity310 agents. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of new anti- @entity310 agents, certolizumab pegol and golimumab, which are mediated by transmembrane @entity310 . METHODS: Transmembrane @entity310 -expressing Jurkat T cells that did not express TNF receptors were used. The binding ability of each anti- @entity310 agent to transmembrane @entity310 , antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 , complement-dependent @entity137 , and the apoptotic effect were examined. RESULTS: Certolizumab pegol and golimumab bound to transmembrane @entity310 . Golimumab induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 and complement-dependent @entity137 , which was comparable to infliximab and adalimumab. However, certolizumab pegol did not induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 or complement-dependent @entity137 . Certolizumab pegol directly induced nonapoptotic cell death in transmembrane @entity310 -expressing cells. Golimumab induced a weaker apoptotic effect than infliximab and adalimumab. CONCLUSIONS: The cytotoxic effects of anti- @entity310 agents on @entity310 -expressing cells are considered to be associated with the clinical effect of these agents on @entity738 . The direct cytotoxic effect of certolizumab pegol on @entity310 -producing cells may contribute to its clinical efficacy in @entity30 . Golimumab may be less effective for @entity738 .

title: The cytotoxic effects of certolizumab pegol and golimumab mediated by transmembrane XXXX @entity39 factor a.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the likelihood of @entity507 and @entity18884 causing pharmacokinetic interactions involving cytochrome P450 ( @entity4914 ) in @entity1 given their potent inhibitory effects on the isoform in vitro. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers received @entity5834 (136.5 mg), and after a washout period of 48 h, the volunteers were given a @entity5834 tablet (136.5 mg) together with @entity18884 (500 mg). After an additional 14 days, the volunteers received @entity5834 together with @entity507 (500 mg). After each treatment, plasma was obtained up to 24 h post-dose. The plasma concentrations of the drugs were measured by HPLC with UV and @entity15 detection. RESULTS: Using the ratio of @entity8223 to @entity5834 after 4 h as an indicator of @entity4914 activity, @entity18884 and @entity507 inhibited 92 and 66%, respectively, of the enzyme activity in vivo. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of @entity5834 were altered in the presence of the drugs; increases in AUC(0-24) of 1.6-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.3-fold of @entity5834 in the presence of @entity18884 and @entity507 respectively were measured. The use of in vitro data to predict the effects of @entity18884 on the formation of @entity8223 yielded good results and underestimated the effects of @entity507 when total plasma concentrations were used. Corrections for protein binding resulted in underestimation of inhibitory effects on @entity4914 . CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of @entity18884 or @entity507 with @entity4914 substrates could result in clinically significant effects. Our results highlight the validity of in vitro data in predicting in vivo CYP inhibition. The formation of @entity8223 seems to be a better indicator of in vivo @entity4914 activity than @entity5834 levels.

title: @entity507 and XXXX are potent inhibitors of @entity4914 ( @entity4914 ) activity in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8223 :: ('MESH:C021183', 'Chemical') :: ['paraxanthine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity18884 :: (MESH:D013827,Chemical) :: ['thiabendazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ureteral obstruction occurs in 2% to 10% of all renal transplant recipients. Antegrade endourologic intervention has been the gold standard of therapy but carries significant morbidity. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of retrograde stenting of these difficult ureters and to determine whether it can be performed with minimal morbidity without general or regional anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety-seven consecutive @entity1 were found to have renal allograft @entity3041 by ultrasonography, between August 1993 and March 1997. Of these, 61 (63%) had confirmation of obstruction by MAG-3 imaging, with equivocal results in 25 (26%). The remaining 11 @entity1 had a rising @entity1011 concentration despite Foley catheter drainage. All @entity1 had retrograde stenting attempted under local anesthesia followed by intravenous sedation if necessary. If stent placement was unsuccessful, the procedure was repeated under regional or general anesthesia. RESULTS: A total of 85 @entity1 (88%) were managed successfully with retrograde stenting. Of these procedures, 24 (28%) were performed under local anesthesia alone, while 57 (67%) required both local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. Only 4 @entity1 (5%) required general anesthesia. No @entity1 suffered any morbidity associated with retrograde stenting. Of the 12 @entity1 in whom retrograde stenting failed, 2 had renal allograft rupture and 10 had @entity39 at surgical exploration. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde stenting of the hydronephrotic renal allograft can be achieved with a high success rate and minimal morbidity, usually without general or regional anesthesia. If the ureter cannot be managed in a retrograde fashion, a high index of suspicion for a serious allograft complication should exist.

title: Endoscopic retrograde stenting for allograft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) occurring in individuals with @entity82 had a potentially curative surgical procedure. Twenty-two had segmental @entity99 ( @entity99 ), and 10 underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). The diagnosis of @entity99 was established in each case preoperatively, and each case was studied intraoperatively by means of sonography. Postoperatively each surgical specimen was examined pathologically with attention to the possibility of @entity5 spread. Twenty-three of the 32 @entity1 had single small @entity157 (less than 5 cm diameter) identified preoperatively. Sixteen of these underwent @entity99 and seven underwent OLTx. Multiple additional neoplastic lesions were found in 19% of the 16 @entity99 cases and in 14% of those undergoing OLTx when the resection specimens were examined pathologically. Vascular invasion was present in 43% of the OLTx @entity1 and in 25% of the @entity99 @entity1 . Subtotal hepatic resection for small @entity157 occurring in @entity82 has produced few long-term survivals. Both pre- and intraoperative sonography have been shown to underestimate the extent and distribution of these @entity5 . Based upon this experience that (1) vascular spread occurs often in @entity157 and (2) a high risk of postoperative @entity1578 can be expected after @entity99 in cirrhotic individuals, OLTx is the most rational surgical procedure for such cases as it has the potential to cure.

title: Reappraisal of surgical treatment of small XXXX in @entity82 : clinicopathological study of resection or transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'HCC lesion', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'hepatic malignancy', 'hepatic resections']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: A dissociation between the ability to recognize misoriented objects and to determine their orientation has been reported in a small number of @entity1 with @entity455 . In this article, we describe a 57-year-old @entity1 with probable @entity195 who shows the same dissociation. Neuroimaging findings indicated marked hypometabolism in the posterior cortical regions, particularly the postero-superior parietal lobes. Clinically, the @entity1 had good object recognition accompanied by severely impaired spatial abilities. The experimental investigations comprised a variety of tasks in which he identified misoriented objects, evaluated the orientation of single objects, or discriminated the orientation of simultaneously presented items. Results revealed that his object recognition was independent of orientation and was largely mediated by salient features. With respect to orientation judgements, the @entity1 displayed a profound inability to judge the orientation of nonupright objects, but remarkably intact (though largely implicit) knowledge of the upright orientation. Strikingly, his orientation judgements were also more accurate for upside-down objects than for other orientations (i.e., 90 degrees ). We interpret these results as evidence that judgements about object orientation are facilitated when the orientation of the principal @entity2270 of the object matches that of an internal representation. We propose that the inability to determine other orientations may be due to the failure of an " @entity2270 -finding" mechanism implemented in the posterior parietal lobes, that translates between object-centered and eye-centered coordinates appropriate for guiding visual scanning.

title: Object orientation agnosia: a failure to find the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer' s disease"]

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: The induction of chilling tolerance by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) in @entity2829 ( @entity2829 . cv Black Mexican Sweet) suspension cultured cells was examined. Cell viability during exposure to chilling was estimated by @entity5045 reduction immediately after chilling and a filter paper growth assay. Both methods yielded comparable results. Chilling tolerance was induced by transferring 5-day-old cultures (late log phase) to a fresh medium containing @entity2272 (10 to 100 micromolar). The greatest chilling tolerance was achieved with @entity2272 at 100 micromolar. Growth of cells was inhibited at this concentration. After a 7-day exposure to 4 degrees C in the dark, the survival of @entity2272 -treated cells (100 micromolar @entity2272 , 28 degrees C for 24 h in the dark) was sevenfold greater than untreated cells. Effective induction of chilling tolerance was first observed when cells were held at 28 degrees C for 6 hours after adding @entity2272 . No tolerance was induced if the culture was chilled at the inception of @entity2272 treatment. Induction of chilling tolerance was inhibited by @entity1880 . These results indicate that @entity2272 is capable of inducing chilling tolerance when @entity2272 -treated cells are incubated at a warm temperature before exposure to chilling, and this induction requires de novo synthesis of proteins.

title: XXXX -induced chilling tolerance in @entity2829 suspension-cultured cells.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['Abscisic Acid']


abstract: The case records of 46 @entity235 with @entity2741 were studied retrospectively. The most common cause of @entity2741 was @entity5 , of which the majority were diagnosed as having @entity1893 ( @entity1893 , n = 23). Interestingly only 15 had palpable @entity3329 . Other @entity5 were apocrine @entity420 of the anal sac (n = 4), mammary @entity420 (n = 2), @entity189 (n = 1), and @entity5 (n = 1). Non-neoplastic reasons for @entity2741 were @entity509 (n = 5), @entity810 (n = 2), @entity177 (n = 2), @entity8853 (n = 1), and @entity459 (n = 1). In 4 cases no definitive diagnosis could be obtained. Moderate to marked @entity2265 and @entity2629 was found in all @entity235 with primary @entity177 and in 4 of 5 @entity235 with @entity509 . In contrast only 4 of 31 @entity235 with @entity5 showed (mild) @entity2265 and 20 showed mild to moderate @entity2629 . Elevated @entity38911 levels were found in @entity235 with primary @entity177 and with @entity459 , but also in one @entity235 with @entity5 . Low @entity38911 concentrations were measured in the @entity235 with @entity8853 and in 8 cases with @entity5 . Additional three cases with @entity5 had values in the reference range. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The most common cause of @entity2741 is @entity1893 . Absence of palpable @entity3329 does not exclude @entity1893 and further diagnostic steps may be necessary 2. The combination of moderate to marked @entity2265 suggests primary @entity177 or @entity509 . 3. An elevated @entity38911 level is consistent with @entity459 , but does not exclude other causes of @entity2741 .

title: [Differential diagnosis of @entity2741 --a retrospective study of 46 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'malignant histiocytosis', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadrenocorticism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity8853 :: ('MESH:D006986', 'Disease') :: ['hypervitaminosis D']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['LSA', 'lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with Medicaid insurance are less likely to receive subspecialty @entity565 care than non-Medicaid @entity1 . However, it is not clear if such disparities are due to non-attendance at scheduled visits by @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with non-attendance at scheduled visits for pediatric subspecialty @entity565 care. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of @entity1 with scheduled visits at three @entity565 clinics during a 12-month period. Our outcome of interest was @entity1 non-attendance for a scheduled visit, controlling for age, gender, new @entity1 status, type of insurance, severity of illness, distance to clinic, clinic site, month, and weekday of scheduled visit. We used logistic regression for multivariate comparisons and controlled for clustering effects for @entity1 with multiple scheduled visits. RESULTS: There were 1236 scheduled visits for 857 unique @entity1 . Median age: 7 years (IQR 3-11); median distance traveled: 24 miles (IQR 13-41); 20% had Medicaid insurance. The non-attendance rate was 8%. In multivariate analysis, Medicaid insurance (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.45-3.74) and visits scheduled in September-December (3.26, 2.08-5.11) were associated with non-attendance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with Medicaid insurance are less likely to attend scheduled visits for subspecialty @entity565 care, controlling for seasonal variation. Programs designed to address disparities in pediatric @entity565 outcomes regarding subspecialist care may improve their effectiveness by addressing barriers to attendance and anticipating poor attendance in the fall season.

title: Factors associated with non-attendance at pediatric subspecialty XXXX clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 characteristics and localized structural factors are associated with @entity158 and foot-related disability in @entity1 with symptomatic first MTP joint @entity571 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one @entity1 (56 @entity1 and 95 @entity1 ) aged 22-81 [mean age 54.5 (11.2)] years with symptomatic first MTP joint @entity571 underwent a standardized clinical interview and assessment. @entity1 characteristics [age, gender, height, weight, BMI, duration of symptoms and total years of formal education (education attainment)] and localized factors (first MTP joint dorsiflexion range of motion, severity of radiographic @entity571 , foot posture and plantarflexion strength of the hallux) were determined as potentially associated variables. Outcome variables were @entity158 and foot-related disability, determined using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Univariate analyses were performed between potentially associated variables and outcome variables. Variables with significant univariate associations were then entered into multivariate linear regression models to identify independently associated variables. RESULTS: Education attainment and BMI were both significantly and independently associated with @entity158 severity and foot-related disability. However, these variables only explained    10-12% of the variance in @entity158 and foot-related disability. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with symptomatic first MTP joint @entity571 that have an increased BMI and/or lower level of education attainment experience more @entity158 and have greater foot-related disability. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and identify other factors associated with @entity158 and foot-related disability in @entity1 with symptomatic first MTP joint @entity571 .

title: Factors associated with @entity158 severity and foot-related disability in individuals with first metatarsophalangeal joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participant', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['foot pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['OA']


abstract: Antibiotic residues in animal tissues can be detected by various screening tests based on microbial inhibition. In the 7-plate assay used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), penicillinase is incorporated into all but one plate to distinguish @entity3405 antibiotics from other types. However, @entity7660 such as @entity5152 and the @entity2886 are resistant to degradation by penicillinase. They may not be identified as @entity7660 by this procedure, and thus, they may be identified as unidentified microbial inhibitors (UMIs). However, these penicillinase-resistant compounds can be degraded by other beta-lactamases. The present study describes an improved screening protocol to identify @entity3405 antibiotics classified as UMIs. A multiresidue liquid chromatographic procedure based on a method for determining @entity7660 in milk was also used to identify and quantitate residues. The 2 methods were tested with 24 tissue FSIS samples classified as containing UMIs. Of these, 3 contained @entity3397 , including one at a violative level, and 5 contained a metabolite of @entity21563 . The others were negative for @entity3405 antibiotics.

title: Identification of XXXX antibiotics in tissue samples containing unknown microbial inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity21563 :: ('MESH:C053503', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftiofur']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']