abstract: Reduced reproductive success, altered reproductive tract development, and differences in circulating hormones have been documented in @entity20085 ( @entity20085 ) from Lake Apopka, FL, compared to less contaminated sites, such as the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge, FL. Comparative studies among alligators of varying size and age suggest that in ovo contaminant-induced alterations of endocrine function are further modified during postembryonic development and/or through environmental exposure. In the present study, we examined developmental and endocrine-related indices in neonatal (age, <1 mo) alligators from Lake Apopka in comparison to those of a reference population (Lake Woodruff), thereby limiting contaminant exposure to that derived via maternal contribution. We compared several reproductive and developmental parameters, including hatching success, primary sex determination, and somatic indices. Furthermore, we examined circulating @entity251 concentrations and aromatase activity in an effort to establish relative gonadal endocrine function shortly after hatching. Finally, we compared phallus size among males and oviduct epithelial cell height (ECH) among females ( @entity342 - and @entity172 -dependent tissues, respectively). Significant differences between populations were noted for body size and spleen somatic index. Neonatal alligators from Lake Apopka exhibited higher plasma @entity251 , but no differences were detected in gonadal aromatase activity compared to Lake Woodruff. Phallus tip length and cuff diameter were smaller in males from Lake Apopka, whereas no differences were noted in oviduct ECH. Our data establish basic indices of development and endocrine function in neonatal alligators before environmental exposure to contaminants. These results should begin to help @entity851 resulting from in ovo exposure, presumably of maternal origin, from physiological alterations induced through environmental exposure to contaminants.

title: Altered neonatal development and endocrine function in XXXX associated with a contaminated environment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['separate developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity20085 :: ('8496', 'Species') :: ['Alligator mississippiensis', 'American alligators']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity20085 :: (8496,Species) :: ['Alligator mississippiensis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and, to provide a basis for the effective prevention and treatment of IFI. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of 38 @entity1 with IFI who were admitted to the PICU of Wuhan @entity1 's Hospital between January 2009 and August 2012. RESULTS: @entity12457 (89%) was the most common among the 38 cases. Before diagnosis of IFI, all @entity1 had severe underlying diseases and received several broad-spectrum antibiotics, including carbapenems, which were used in 95% of cases; 47% of all cases had been treated with corticosteroids systemically; all @entity1 had received invasive operations, and 47% of them had undergone endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. None of these cases had either typical clinical symptoms and signs or specific imaging findings. Fifty-six strains of fungi were isolated, with @entity5132 (41%), Aspergilli (25%), and Mucor (20%) being the most common ones. All @entity1 received timely antifungal therapies, 15 cases were cured and 16 cases showed improvements, with a response rate of 82%, and the rate of adverse events was 16%. CONCLUSIONS: In the PICU, the respiratory tract is the most common site of IFI infection, and @entity5132 is the leading pathogen. Severe underlying diseases, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, and invasive operations are the main risk factors for IFI in the PICU. Early diagnosis and timely treatment with high-performance antifungal drugs can improve the prognosis in @entity1 with IFI.

title: [Invasive XXXX in the pediatric intensive care unit: a clinical analysis of 38 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity12457 :: ('MESH:D008172', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: The current method of pacing the right atrium from the appendage or free wall is often the source of delayed intraatrial conduction and discoordinate left and right atrial mechanical function. Simultaneous activation of both atria with pacing techniques involving multisite and multilead systems is associated with suppression of supraventricular @entity591 and improved hemodynamics. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that pacing from a single site of the atrial septum can synchronize @entity955 . Five males and two females (mean age 58 +/- 6 years) with drug refractory paroxysmal @entity955 ( @entity955 ) were studied who were candidates for AV junctional ablation. All @entity1 had broad P waves (118 +/- 10 ms) on the surface ECG. Multipolar catheters were inserted and the electrograms from the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) and proximal, middle, and distal coronary sinus (CS) were recorded. The atrial septum was paced from multiple sites. The site of atrial septum where the timing between @entity13678 and distal CS (d-CS) was < or = 10 ms was considered the most suitable for simultaneous atrial activation. An active fixation @entity955 was positioned at this site and a standard lead was placed in the ventricle. The interatrial conduction time during sinus rhythm and AAT pacing and the conduction time from the pacing site to the @entity13678 and d-Cs during septal pacing were measured. Atrial septal pacing was successful in all @entity1 at sites superior to the CS o.s. near the fossa ovalis. During septal pacing the P waves were inverted in the inferior leads with shortened duration from 118 +/- 10 ms to 93 +/- 7 ms (P < 0.001), and the conduction time from the pacing site to the @entity13678 and d-CS was 54.3 +/- 6.8 ms and 52.8 +/- 2.5 ms, respectively. The interatrial conduction time during AAT pacing was shortened in comparison to sinus rhythm (115 +/- 18.9 ms vs 97.8 +/- 10.3 ms, P < 0.05). In conclusion, simultaneous activation of both atria in @entity1 with prolonged interatrial conduction time can be accomplished by pacing a single site in the atrial septum using a standard active fixation lead placed under electrophysiological study guidance. Such a pacing system allows proper left AV timing and may prove efficacious in preventing various supraventricular @entity591 .

title: Atrial septal pacing to synchronize XXXX in @entity1 with delayed interatrial conduction.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['HRA', 'high right atrium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial depolarization', 'atrial lead', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial depolarization']


abstract: The VISOR is a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to assess the effects of early and prolonged administration of @entity1855 on the left ventricular geometry and diastolic function in @entity1 with anterior @entity583 treated with thrombolysis. @entity1 with @entity712 or ejection fraction < 45% were excluded. Within 12 hours from starting thrombolysis, 70 @entity1 were given @entity1855 (5 mg/hour intravenously for the first 24 hours, followed by 120 mg t.i.d. perorally for 6 months) or equivalent placebo. Echocardiograms were performed on admittance, before discharge, after 3 months and 6 months. The following parameters were calculated: left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, sphericity index, early (E) and late (A) transmitral peak flow velocities and time-velocity integrals with their ratios, deceleration time and half-time of E, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and non-invasive time constant of ventricular relaxation (tau). The basal and the last available parameters were considered for statistical analysis. The effects of the treatment on the left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and sphericity index were not statistically relevant. Conversely, a reduction of E/A ratio (P < .05) and increases of A integral (P < .01), deceleration time and half-time of E, IVRT and tau (P < .05) were found in the placebo group and not in the @entity1855 group. No significant changes in the blood pressure, heart rate, PQ interval, and biochemical parameters were observed in the two groups. In conclusion, in @entity1 with a thrombolysed anterior @entity583 and preserved systolic function, @entity1855 can prevent alterations of the diastolic function in absence of effect on ventricular remodelling, and has a good safety profile.

title: The effect of @entity1855 on left ventricular remodelling and diastolic function after XXXX (the @entity1855 Infarction Study on Remodelling and Relaxation--VISOR).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) remains an important cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in inhospital @entity1 . We conducted a retrospective study of all @entity1 hospitalised at our hospital with the diagnosis of @entity2028 according to ICD-10 within one year. Of 360 identified charts, 335 met the requirements and were reviewed regarding risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and overall mortality. The typical @entity1 hospitalised with @entity55 was elderly (mean 68 years), male (60%), and suffered from comorbidities or predisposing factors (96.4%). A total of 72.8% of @entity55 were localized in the inferior lobes, and 21.1% had bilateral infiltrates. Etiologic agents were searched for in 297/335 @entity1 (87.5%) and were found positive in 33.4%: of 169 blood cultures 9.5% were positive, of 150 sputum cultures taken 46.6% were positive, of 17 serologies taken 58.8% were positive, and of 9 pleural effusions analysed 22.2% were positive. Encapsulated bacteria were the most common found bacterial etiologies, namely @entity328 ( @entity2260 ) in 30.9% of @entity1 with known bacterial etiology, @entity6728 in 24.7%, and @entity4005 in 12.4%. @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was not found. The three most commonly used antibiotics were @entity115 / @entity798 used in 77.3% of @entity1 , @entity4581 (41.2%), and @entity2756 (16.6%). Mean duration of treatment was 12.1 days. 245/335 (73.1%) @entity1 had a favourable outcome, 16.7% (56/335) of @entity1 had a protracted illness with delayed resolution (i.e. prolonged hospital stay, need for intensive care, intubation or several of these complications). Overall mortality in our unit was 8.6%.

title: A year's review of XXXX at the central hospital of Lucerne, Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term effects of predominant breastfeeding on incidence of @entity2172 . DESIGN: Prospective birth cohort study. SETTING: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study recruited 2900 mothers through antenatal clinics at the major tertiary obstetric hospital in Perth, Western Australia, between 1989 and 1992. @entity1 : In total, 2237 @entity1 participated in a 6-year cohort follow-up, and a subset of 1344 were given ear and hearing assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OM diagnosis at 6 years of age (diagnosed by low-compliance tympanograms, 0-0.1 mmho). This was compared to OM diagnosed at the 3-year cohort follow-up using parent-report measures. Main exposure measures were duration of predominant breastfeeding (defined as the age other milk was introduced) and duration of partial (any) breastfeeding (defined as the age breastfeeding was stopped). RESULTS: There was a significant, independent association between predominant breastfeeding (OR = 1.33 [1.04, 1.69]; P = 0.02) and OM, and breastfeeding duration (OR = 1.35 [1.08, 1.68]; P = 0.01) with OM at 3 years of age. However, at 6 years of age, this relationship was no longer statistically significant (predominant breastfeeding OR = 0.78 [0.48, 1.06]; P = 0.09; duration of breastfeeding, OR = 1.34 [0.81, 2.23]; P = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in line with a number of epidemiological studies which show a positive association between breastfeeding and OM in early childhood. However, the long-term follow-up of these @entity1 revealed that by 6 years of age, there was no significant influence of breastfeeding on presence of OM. These results suggest that the protective effect of predominant breastfeeding for at least 6 months does not extend to school-age @entity1 , where other social and environmental factors may be stronger predictors of OM.

title: Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against XXXX may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['otitis media']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate economic inequality and its determinants in near vision, in a middle-aged population. METHODS: In this population-based study, the @entity227 in the better eye was investigated as the main outcome. If this vision revealed a value >= 1.6 M, the @entity1 was considered to have @entity227 impairment (PNVI). The effect of variables studied on PNVI was investigated using logistic regression. Economic inequality in PNVI was investigated using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method. RESULTS: PNVI in the better eye was observed in 18.2% (95% CI 16.8 to 19.6) of @entity1 . The prevalence of PNVI in the high and low economic groups was 11.7% (95% CI 10.3 to 13.0) and 28.5% (95% CI 26.0 to 31.0), respectively. Age and education were observed as the main factors in the explained portion of this gap and were in favour of the high economic group. Gender and eye care utilisation were factors affecting the unexplained portion of this gap and were in favour of the low economic group. CONCLUSIONS: Economic inequality plays a significant role in PNVI, while age and education are among the main factors affecting this gap. The effect caused by any change in these two factors was found to have a greater effect on @entity1 with low economic status.

title: Economic inequality in XXXX acuity in a middle-aged population: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'women']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['presenting near vision']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['presenting near vision']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We estimated the risk of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ), from a spontaneous episode of @entity943 (VT/VF), after a successful surgical myocardial revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting; CABG) procedure. Predictors of these events were identified, and long term benefits of the prophylactic regimes, that were used to control these events, were evaluated. METHODS: We selected 8642 consecutive @entity1 , who had undergone an isolated and first time CABG procedure, between 1/3/1980 and 1/3/1995. A standard hazard function model (1) was used for statistical analysis. Efficacy of the prophylactic regimes, was examined in a group of 350 high risk @entity1 , with a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction 30% or less, who were recently operated since 1/1/1988. Electrophysiologic (EP) guided prophylaxis was used in 92 (26%) @entity1 , who had survived a documented episode of @entity1164 , and remaining 258 @entity1 were maintained on antiarrhythmic medication on an empirical basis. A sequential EP evaluation was performed, when indicated. RESULTS: During an early phase of hazard, which mainly lasted for up to 3 months after CABG, incremental risk factors were preoperative LVEF 30% or less (P = 0.0007) and preoperative episodes of VT/VF (P = 0.04). This phase was followed by a constant phase with a low risk of the events, which merged into a slowly rising late phase after 6 years. EP guided prophylaxis, reduced the risk of @entity1164 in high risk @entity1 (P = 0.03). A sequential EP evaluation, helped to detect the problems of drug resistance and a cross over from non-sustained to sustained runs of VT/VF. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a successful CABG surgery, risk of VT/VF persists. A routine EP evaluation before and after a CABG procedure is recommended in all @entity1 with a poor left ventricular function.

title: XXXX following successful myocardial revascularization: incidence, predictors and prevention.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: Hemocytes play multiple important roles during insect growth and development. Five types of hemocytes have been identified in the @entity12638 , @entity12638 : prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte, and oenocytoid. We used the S-phase marker @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) antibody along with the mitosis marker phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) antibody to monitor proliferation of hemocytes in vivo. The results indicate that @entity12638 hematopoiesis not only occurs in the circulatory system but also in hematopoietic organs (HPOs). During the 5th instar, the hemocyte proliferation in the circulatory system reaches a peak at the pre-wandering stage. Following infection by @entity526 , circulating hemocytes increase their cell divisions as demanded by the cellular immune response. All hemocytes, except spherulocytes, have the capacity to multiply in vivo. The @entity1603 label-retaining assay shows that a small portion of cells from the circulatory system and the HPOs are continuously labelled up to 9days and 4days respectively. A small number of long-term label retaining cells (LRCs) quiescently locate in circulatory system. All results indicate that there are a few quiescent stem cells or some progenitors in the larval circulatory system and HPO that produce new hemocytes and continuously release them into the circulating system.

title: Characterization of hemocytes proliferation in larval XXXX , @entity12638 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['silkworm']


abstract: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is a devastating condition with limited capacity for repair. Cell transplantation is a potential strategy to promote @entity1566 repair with cells from the olfactory system being promising candidates. Although transplants of @entity1 @entity4838 ( @entity4838 ) are already ongoing in clinical trials, the repair potential of this tissue remains unclear. Previously, we identified mesenchymal-like stem cells that reside in the lamina propria (LP-MSCs) of @entity35 and @entity1 @entity4838 . Little is known about these cells or their interactions with glia such as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which would be co-transplanted with MSCs from the @entity4838 , or endogenous CNS glia such as oligodendrocytes. We have characterized, purified, and assessed the repair potential of @entity1 LP-MSCs by investigating their effect on glial cell biology with specific emphasis on CNS myelination in vitro. Purified LP-MSCs expressed typical bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) markers, formed spheres, were clonogenic and differentiated into bone and fat. LP-MSC conditioned medium (CM) promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and OEC proliferation and induced a highly branched morphology. LP-MSC-CM treatment caused OEC process extension. Both LP and BM-MSCs promoted OPC proliferation and differentiation, but only myelinating cultures treated with CM from LP and not BM-MSCs had a significant increase in myelination. Comparison with fibroblasts and contaminating @entity4838 fibroblast like-cells showed the promyelination effect was LP-MSC specific. Thus LP-MSCs harvested from @entity1 @entity4838 biopsies may be an important candidate for cell transplantation by contributing to the repair of @entity1566 .

title: XXXX mesenchymal stem cells isolated from olfactory biopsies but not bone enhance CNS myelination in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory mucosa', 'OM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Between 1990 and 1995, 38 @entity1 (42 feet) underwent repair for @entity85 , 31 (35 feet) of whom returned for final examination at an average of 51.6 months (range, 24-81 months). Causes included @entity130 , iatrogenic, and unknown. Presenting complaints included @entity158 with either @entity7529 or joint @entity158 , isolated metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint @entity158 , @entity7529 , @entity158 , @entity7529 and joint @entity158 , and painful @entity27202 . All @entity1 were treated with one of two operative techniques, either the @entity924 . Choice of procedure depended on the stage of @entity85 . Twenty-four @entity1 were completely satisfied with the surgical correction, 6 were satisfied with reservations, and 1 was dissatisfied. The average postoperative AOFAS score for all @entity1 was 85 points (range, 54-100 points), which correlated strongly with @entity1 satisfaction. Twenty-two @entity1 stated that they had no @entity282 , 8 reported some @entity158 , and 1 had frequent @entity158 at the corrected toe. In 30 feet, there was no recurrence; three @entity1 had mild @entity85 , and two @entity1 had recurrent deformity, although all MP joints were stable. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated @entity2720 in both the AP (from 7 degrees to -1 degree) and lateral (from 45 degrees to 25 degrees) projections. This article reviews the surgical technique of both procedures, proposes specific indications for each, and presents outcomes. Based on our findings, the extensor brevis tendon transfer is appropriate for stage 1, stage 2, and flexible stage 3 deformities. Flexor-to-extensor tendon transfer is appropriate for rigid stage 3 and stage 4 deformities and for all @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity2950 of the second web space (where the extensor brevis transfer is not possible). @entity2693 joint is a potential problem with the flexor-to-extensor tendon transfer.

title: Results of flexor-to-extensor and extensor brevis tendon transfer for correction of the crossover second XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

entities_list: @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal callus']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['flexor-to-extensor tendon transfer or the extensor brevis tendon transfer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal pain', 'pain', 'painful plantar callus']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['substantial reduction in MP joint angles']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['residual crossover toe deformity', 'preoperative deformity', 'crossover toe deformity']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['Stiffness of the MP']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['toe deformity']


abstract: The @entity7863 ( @entity7863 ) is an established animal model for @entity74 . The disease in the hamster develops through similar stages to those observed in @entity1 with this condition. The pathophysiological basis for this condition in the hamster resides in an inherited mutation in the gene encoding for delta-sarcoglycan, a component of the @entity4714 complex. Two basic mechanisms contribute to @entity296 in this model: @entity741 by vasospasms of the coronary circulation and @entity393 due to intrinsic cell defects. This review focuses on the etiology of @entity455 and its role in the development of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in this animal model. The data presented suggest that the vascular renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) plays a critical role in the generation of increased coronary reactivity and resistance in young @entity7863 that have not yet developed the clinical manifestations of @entity712 . The increased reactivity of the coronary vasculature results from @entity409 secondary to Ang II-dependent, oxidative stress. These alterations favor the development of @entity741 and @entity296 in adult animals. Indeed, RAS blockade during early stages of the disease significantly improves the clinical signs of @entity384 in this experimental model. These findings have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity741 , in particular, to those with @entity17601 .

title: Early pathophysiological alterations in experimental @entity296 : the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['SCH', 'Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte loss']

entities_list: @entity17601 :: ('MESH:D058088', 'Disease') :: ['familial sarcoglycanopathies']

answer: @entity7863 :: (MESH:D044542,Disease) :: ['Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary flow reserve (CFR), the functional index of @entity850 severity more frequently used in the catheterization laboratory, is greatly affected by the hemodynamic conditions at the time of measurement and cannot be applied in the immediate assessment of the outcome of coronary interventions. The aim of the present study was to establish the feasibility and reproducibility of the assessment of the slope of the instantaneous diastolic relation between coronary flow velocity and aortic pressure during maximal @entity450 (IHDVPS) using a spectral analysis of the intracoronary Doppler signal, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this index in the detection of flow-limiting coronary stenoses in comparison with CFR, and to study the possibility of determining the zero-flow pressure from the intercept of the velocity-pressure relation on the pressure axis during a controlled @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The instantaneous peak coronary flow velocity measured after intracoronary papaverine with a Doppler guidewire was plotted against the simultaneously measured aortic pressure, and the slope of the velocity-pressure relation in the phase of progressive diastolic velocity decrease was calculated during four consecutive beats. In nine normal arteries, a controlled diastolic @entity1167 was induced by an intracoronary bolus injection of 3 mg @entity859 . The IHDVPS could be assessed in 79 of 95 @entity1 (83%), with a moderate intraobserver variability (0.4 +/- 11% after independent selection of different beats during maximal @entity450 ). The IHDVPS showed no significant correlation with heart rate, mean diastolic aortic pressure, type of vessel studied, and cross-sectional area at the site of the velocity recording. The IHDVPS was significantly lower in arteries with > or = 30% diameter @entity850 than in normal or near-normal arteries (0.71 +/- 0.48 versus 1.73 +/- 0.80 cm.s-1.mm Hg-1, P < .0000002). In the @entity850 group, both IHDVPS and CFR were significantly correlated with the minimal luminal cross-sectional area (r = .46, P < .05 and r = .62, P < .002, respectively). The study of the velocity-pressure relation during long diastolic pauses showed a curvilinear relation between velocity and pressure in the lower pressure range, with an upward concavity to the velocity axis and no intercept with the pressure axis in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: The IHDVPS can distinguish between arteries with and without coronary stenoses and has a significant inverse correlation with the severity of the @entity850 . Under the stable hemodynamic conditions of this study, the IHDVPS and CFR had similar sensitivities and specificities in distinguishing normal and stenotic vessels and demonstrated similar correlation with minimal luminal cross-sectional area. The curvilinearity of the velocity-pressure relation during long diastolic pauses, possibly due to a significant reduction of luminal cross-sectional area at low pressures, complicates the use of the flow velocity-pressure relation for the assessment of the zero-flow pressure.

title: Slope of the instantaneous hyperemic diastolic coronary flow velocity-pressure relation. A new index for assessment of the physiological significance of coronary stenosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population genomic features such as @entity4334 diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expected to be strongly shaped by changes in population size, and might therefore be useful for monitoring the success of a control campaign. In the Kilifi district of Kenya, there has been a marked decline in the abundance of the @entity311 vector @entity313 subsequent to the rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets. METHODS: To investigate whether this decline left a detectable population genomic signature, simulations were performed to compare the effect of population crashes on @entity4334 diversity, Tajima's D, and linkage disequilibrium (as measured by the population recombination parameter   ). Linkage disequilibrium and    were estimated for An. gambiae from Kilifi, and compared them to values for @entity5787 and @entity49529 at the same location, and for An. gambiae in a location 200  km from Kilifi. RESULTS: In the first simulations    changed more rapidly after a population crash than the other statistics, and therefore is a more sensitive indicator of recent population decline. In the empirical data, linkage disequilibrium extends 100-1000 times further, and    is 100-1000 times smaller, for the Kilifi population of An. gambiae than for any of the other populations. There were also significant runs of homozygosity in many of the individual An. gambiae mosquitoes from Kilifi. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that the recent decline in An. gambiae was driven by the rollout of bed nets. Measuring population genomic parameters in a small sample of individuals before, during and after vector or pest control may be a valuable method of tracking the effectiveness of interventions.

title: Genomic signatures of population decline in the @entity311 mosquito XXXX .

entities_list: @entity49529 :: ('30066', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles merus']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles arabiensis']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the diagnostic procedure of choice in @entity1 with @entity253 and no culprit @entity66 on abdominal imaging, but it is limited in its diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the value of @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) in distinguishing between benign and @entity5 in this clinical setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity1087 and no @entity66 on abdominal computed tomography, who were found to have a @entity253 at ERCP, underwent @entity3821 with a high-frequency (20-MHz) wire-guided probe. Histopathological confirmation or clinical follow-up was used to establish the final diagnosis. The diagnostic performances of @entity3821 , ERCP, and @entity3821 plus ERCP in the identification of malignant strictures were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 had malignant strictures and 18 had benign strictures. ERCP produced 25 false-negative diagnoses, 22 of which were identified as malignant by @entity3821 . @entity3821 provided seven false-negative and three false-positive diagnoses. The proportion of @entity1 with malignant strictures who tested positive with @entity3821 was 2.06 times that of ERCP (95 % CI, 1.37 - 3.10; 83.3 % vs. 40.5 %, P = 0.0004). When used in conjunction, @entity3821 increased the accuracy of ERCP from 58 % to 90 %. @entity1 with operable lesions on @entity3821 and no contraindication to surgery underwent resection; most @entity1 with pancreatic parenchymal invasion on @entity3821 underwent EUS, which identified a pancreatic mass in more than 50 % of cases. @entity1 with negative @entity3821 and a low clinical suspicion for @entity5 were treated endoscopically, while a more aggressive work-up was performed in all @entity1 with high pretest probability, regardless of the @entity3821 results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3821 is a valuable adjunct to ERCP in the characterization of @entity253 in @entity1 who present with @entity1087 in the absence of a culprit mass on abdominal imaging.

title: Intraductal ultrasound for the evaluation of XXXX with @entity253 and no abdominal mass on computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['IDUS', 'intraductal ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['painless jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity0 have a relatively high prevalence of diffuse thyroid uptake of @entity419 related to @entity1669 . It is postulated that the presence of @entity1669 has prognostic implications for @entity0 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of incidental diffuse thyroid uptake in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study in a tertiary referral hospital. We evaluated a total of 564 @entity1 who had undergone surgery for primary @entity0 between January 2006 and December 2009. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to their diffuse thyroid uptake. The main outcome measure was disease-free survival. RESULTS: Of the 564 @entity1 , 108 (19.1%) showed diffuse thyroid uptake. The median follow-up period was 36.0 mo (range, 1.0-77.0 mo). Both @entity5787 and thyroglobulin antibody titers were higher in @entity1 with thyroid uptake than in those without (P < 0.001 for both). Of the 108 @entity1 with thyroid uptake, 5 had a recurrence of @entity0 during the follow-up, whereas 85 without uptake had a recurrence (log-rank statics, 12.28; P < 0.001). The association between diffuse thyroid uptake and @entity5 recurrence was not significant in multivariate analysis of @entity1 with @entity0 (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-1.10; P = 0.067). However, the association between diffuse thyroid uptake and @entity0 recurrence was statistically significant in multivariate analysis with adjustment for several prognostic variables (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.62; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Incidental diffuse thyroid uptake related to @entity1669 was an independently favorable prognostic factor in advanced @entity0 . These findings support evidence that @entity1669 has a beneficial effect on the outcomes of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Incidental diffuse thyroid @entity419 uptake related to @entity1669 may be a favorable prognostic factor in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['thyroperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis', 'thyroid autoimmunity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity3557 with @entity1374 , and to determine the rate of its complications for it. METHODS: A retrospective review of 1,247 @entity1 with @entity3557 who underwent primary thyroidectomy was performed. Among them, 316 @entity1 had @entity1374 (group I) while 931 @entity1 had no @entity1374 (group II), as reflected in the final pathologic reports. The two groups' clinicopathologic results and rate of complications were compared. RESULTS: Female gender, @entity1375 , total thyroidectomy, no extrathyroid extension, no lymphovascular invasion, and no perineural invasion were associated with group I. More central lymph nodes were removed in group I than in group II, but there were fewer central lymph nodes with @entity3 in group I than in group II. For the lateral lymph nodes, the two groups had the same numbers of removed nodes and nodes with @entity3 . Multivariate analysis revealed female predominance, more cases of @entity1375 , more dissected lymph nodes, and fewer lymph nodes with @entity3 in group I. Among the @entity1 who underwent lobectomy, @entity86 occurred more in group I than in group II (P < 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity3557 with @entity1374 showed less aggressive features. @entity86 occurred more in the @entity1 with @entity1374 .

title: @entity3557 with @entity1374 : lymph node XXXX , complications.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid cancer', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypothyroidism', 'Postoperative hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2239 ( @entity17623 ) is an @entity3470 inhibitor closely related to @entity3446 . A potent immunosuppressive agent, it has also shown evidence of antineoplastic properties. SCC VII is a spontaneously arising @entity19 @entity957 line. This study examines the effect of @entity2239 on SCC VII proliferation. The data may provide support for the use of @entity2239 in transplant recipients with a history of @entity5 . METHODS: A dose efficacy study was conducted that used a @entity19 model of intradermal @entity5 growth and @entity358 . The development of @entity5 and @entity358 were studied. Of 80 total @entity19 , 40 received intradermal injection of 1 x 10 SCC VII cells and 40 received intravenous injection of 1 x 10 cells to establish @entity358 . Within each group, animals were subdivided into four subgroups that received 1) 1 mg/kg @entity2239 twice a day, 2) 0.5 mg/kg @entity2239 twice a day, 3) 7.5 mg/kg @entity205 per day, and 4) no treatment. Intradermal @entity5 were measured three times per week. Animals receiving an intravenous @entity5 injection were killed after 17 days and @entity358 were quantified. Medication trough levels were measured in all treated animals. RESULTS: @entity2239 showed statistically significant @entity5 inhibition at 1.0 mg/kg twice a day and 0.5 mg/kg twice a day when compared with animals treated with @entity205 and with untreated animals (P < .0001). @entity5 inhibition was evident in both models studied ( @entity5 and pulmonary metastasis generation). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2239 provides potent @entity5 inhibition in animals inoculated with SCC VII cells. Inhibition of both local and distant spread of disease is evident. Although most immunosuppressives are known to potentiate @entity5 , this study supports the use of @entity2239 immunosuppression in the face of prior @entity5 . This data has significant implication for laryngeal transplantation after laryngectomy.

title: @entity2239 ( @entity17623 ) inhibits in vivo growth of @entity19 XXXX (SCC VII).

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intradermal tumors', 'neoplastic disease', 'Tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Austrian @entity2591 Registry is a multi-center database (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01595295). The nature and intent of the registry was to gain a comprehensive view of the use, safety and efficacy of the drug in a broad range of AML- @entity1 treated in real-life scenarios. @entity1 AND METHODS: The sole inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of WHO-AML and treatment with at least one dose of @entity2591 . No formal exclusion criteria existed. A total of 155 AML- @entity1 who were mostly unfit/ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, or had progressed despite conventional treatment, were included. True ITT-analyses and exploratory analyses regarding the potential prognostic value of baseline-variables/performance-/comorbidity-/risk-scores on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), were performed. RESULTS: In this cohort of 155 pretreated (60%), and/or comorbid (87%), elderly (45% >= 75 years) AML- @entity1 , @entity2591 was well tolerated and efficacious, with an overall response rate (CR, mCR, PR, HI) of 45% in the total cohort (ITT) and 65% in @entity1 evaluable according to IWG-criteria, respectively. Pre-treatment with conventional chemotherapy (P   =   .113), age  <=/>80 years (P   =   .853), number of comorbidities (P   =   .476), and bone marrow (BM) blast count (P   =   .663) did not influence @entity1349 . In multivariate analysis hematologic improvement alone (without the requirement of concomitant bone marrow @entity3614 ), although currently not regarded as a standard form of response assessment in AML, was sufficient to confer @entity1349 benefit (18.9 vs. 6.0 months; P   =   .0015). Further deepening of response after first response was associated with improved @entity1349 (24.7 vs. 13.7 months; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of AML- @entity1 treated with @entity2591 , age >80 years, number of comorbidities and/or BM-blasts >30% did not adversely impact @entity1349 .

title: @entity2591 in @entity1 with WHO-defined AML - results of 155 @entity1 from the Austrian XXXX Registry of the AGMT-Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['Azacitidine', 'azacitidine']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast reduction']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2591 :: (MESH:D001374,Chemical) :: ['Azacitidine']


abstract: @entity15 is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system clinically characterized by relapses and remissions of @entity16 . A typical relapse, exemplified by @entity7995 , increases in severity over a week or two and after approximately one month begins to remit. Resolution takes place over the course of two to three months. In the early stages, clinical recovery is virtually complete, though persistent abnormalities of conduction can usually be detected by evoked potential techniques and persistent @entity2526 can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques, together with cerebrospinal fluid examination for oligoclonal IgG, provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis which, in the absence of a specific test, nevertheless remains primarily clinical. The course of the disease is very variable, but after a number of years @entity51 begins to accumulate after each relapse. In most @entity1 , the relapsing and remitting phase of the disease is followed by a phase of continuous progression of disability. @entity73 can be detected in many @entity1 even quite early in the course of the illness. @entity2414 may be prominent and tend to become increasingly prominent as @entity51 increases, although this is not always the case. There is some correlation between the extent of @entity854 in the cerebral white matter and the severity of @entity73 . @entity308 and @entity148 are commonly experienced but are poorly correlated to the lesion load seen on MRI. In contrast, the much rarer @entity716 , @entity2777 are closely linked to the severity of @entity62 .

title: XXXX : the disease and its manifestations.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit', 'Cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbance']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['euphoria and emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Deficits in attention, memory and executive skills']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter disease']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The objective of surgical treatment in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) differs. Surgery in @entity31 is more @entity146 and potentially curative whereas in @entity30 it is more conservative and palliative. OBJECTIVE: To assess the opinion of @entity1 with @entity29 who underwent surgery in the distant past about the results and timing of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50 surgical @entity1 (36 with @entity30 and 14 with @entity31 ) who had undergone an intestinal surgical procedure at least one year before. The clinical characteristics of @entity1 and details of surgery procedures were recorded. Also, a personal interview was conducted. @entity1 were asked about their current clinical status, surgical consequences and their opinion about the appropriate timing of surgery. RESULTS: Surgery for @entity31 was total proctocolectomy in 85% of @entity1 and it was on an emergency basis in 43% of them. Surgery for @entity31 was partial intestinal or colonic resection, and it was on an emergency basis in 22% of them. @entity532 were more common in @entity31 than @entity30 @entity1 (50% versus 20%; p < 0.05). In @entity30 surgery, recurrence of disease occurred in 78% of @entity1 within a 2.6 years interval. Among @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 , 71% and 50%, respectively, reported that their presurgical expectatives had been fulfilled (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for @entity31 is associated with an appreciable rate of complications; however, most @entity1 had their expectatives fulfilled with surgery as long-term symptoms were controlled. As for @entity30 , the @entity1 's satisfaction degree was lower than or @entity31 .

title: [ XXXX assessment of the long-term benefits of surgery in @entity29 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Postsurgical complications']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: This study examines the effect of systemic blockade of @entity1808 @entity1809 receptors by @entity1564 on the exaggerated tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) activity in 7-wk-old, euvolemic spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). TGF activity was assessed by stop-flow pressure (SFP) and early proximal flow rate (EPFR) measurements during perfusion of Henle's loop. During the control period, SHR exhibited a greater maximal SFP response (19 versus 0.11 mmHg), and a lower tubular flow rate elicited half-maximal response (turning point) (12.7 versus 14.1 nl/min). In addition, EPFR at a high perfusion rate (40 nl/min) was lower in SHR, indicating exaggerated TGF activity. Blockade of @entity1809 receptors was achieved by intravenous injection of 0.05 mg/kg @entity1564 , which did not affect mean arterial pressure. Renal blood flow and mean arterial pressure responses to injections of @entity1808 were blocked by >95%. Maximum SFP response in SHR decreased to 11 mmHg, and turning point increased to 16.5 nl/min. The slope of the TGF response curve at the half-maximal SFP response (reactivity) decreased from -5.5 to -2.0 mmHg/nl per min. In contrast, maximum SFP response and TGF reactivity were unchanged by @entity1809 receptor blockade in euvolemic WKY. A small effect was noted as an increase in turning point to 18.0 nl/min after @entity1564 treatment. Thus, the exaggerated TGF activity in young SHR is markedly attenuated by systemic administration of @entity1564 , whereas TGF was basically unchanged in euvolemic WKY. These results demonstrate that @entity1808 plays an important role in the enhanced TGF activity observed in young SHR. Significant TGF activity, essentially at normal levels for euvolemic animals, persists during @entity1809 receptor blockade in both groups of @entity35 .

title: XXXX normalizes exaggerated tubuloglomerular feedback activity in young spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

answer: @entity1564 :: (MESH:C081643,Chemical) :: ['Candesartan']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the prognostic value of recently proposed flow cytometric S-phase fraction (SPF) variables (average SPF and SPF tertiles) compared with conventional SPF, and to compare the one with the best predictive value with the immunohistochemical Ki-67 index in @entity0 . METHODS: A short term follow up study (median, 39.6 months) of a large series of @entity1 (n = 306) was conducted. DNA ploidy was analysed on fresh/frozen @entity5 samples by flow cytometry, and the SPF was calculated from the DNA histogram using an algorithm. The Ki-67 index was assessed on paraffin wax embedded material by immunohistochemistry (cut off point, 10%). The two methods were compared by means of kappa statistics, and the prognostic significance of both in relation to disease free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was determined. RESULTS: SPF and Ki-67 analysis was performed on 234 (76.5%) and 295 (96.4%) @entity5 , respectively. The two assessments were simultaneously available in 230 cases. All SPF variables analysed in the whole series significantly correlated with disease evolution, with the conventional median SPF (cut off point, 6.1%) showing the highest predictive value in relation to both DFS (p = 0.0001) and @entity1349 (p = 0.0003). SPF tertiles and median SPF evaluated according to DNA ploidy status had no prognostic significance. The Ki-67 index showed a trend in relation to DFS (p = 0.086) that did not reach significance, and no correlation with @entity1349 was found (p = 0.264). The comparative analysis of SPF and Ki-67 revealed some agreement between the two methods (agreement, 69.13%; kappa statistic, 0.3844; p < 0.001), especially in the subgroup of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Flow cytometric SPF is a better prognosticator than the Ki-67 index, but only SPF variables applied in the whole series show potential clinical usefulness.

title: Prognostic comparative study of S-phase fraction and Ki-67 index in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: @entity542 constitute the bulk of the @entity130 @entity1 in all the tertiary-care hospitals. Bear attacks as a cause of @entity130 to the brain and its protective covering are rare. This was a hospital-based retrospective (January 1990 to July 2005) and prospective study (August 2005 to December 2010). @entity542 was seen in 49 @entity1 of bear maul injuries. Loss of scalp tissue was seen in 17 @entity1 , 13 of whom had exposed pericranium and needed split-thickness skin grafting, while 4 @entity1 with exposed skull bones required scalp transposition flaps as an initial procedure. Skull @entity174 without associated @entity1545 were observed in 24 cases. Frontal bone was the site of @entity174 in the majority of cases (95%). Surgical intervention was needed in 18 @entity1 for significantly @entity308 . Three of these @entity1 had @entity174 with underlying contusions and needed brain debridement and duraplasty. @entity1545 was observed in 8 @entity1 . @entity130 to the brain and its protective coverings as a result of bear attacks is rarely known. @entity1545 occurs less commonly as compared to soft tissue and @entity130 . @entity542 as a result of bear assaults has been a hitherto neglected area of @entity130 as the past reported incidence has been very low. Of late, the incidence and severity of such attacks has assumed grave proportions in areas adjacent to known bear habitats. An innocuous-looking surface wound might be the only presentation of an underlying severe @entity131 . Public awareness has to be generated to protect the @entity1 living in hilly areas.

title: Bear maul XXXX in Kashmir Valley.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury', 'Injury to the brain']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['depressed frontal bone fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Craniocerebral injuries', 'Craniocerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['craniocerebral trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in @entity1017 have been found, but several socioeconomic determinants have not been simultaneously studied using a longitudinal design. The aim of this study was to examine multiple socioeconomic determinants of @entity1017 . METHODS: Mail surveys were conducted in 2000-2002 among 40 to 60-year old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n   =   8,960, response rate 67%). A follow-up survey was conducted among the baseline respondents in 2007 with a mean follow-up of 5 to 7 years (n   =   7,332, response rate 83%). The outcome measure was @entity1017 of 5 kg or more over the follow-up. Socioeconomic position was measured by parental education, childhood economic difficulties, own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership and current economic difficulties. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted adjusting simultaneously for all covariates in the final model. RESULTS: Of @entity1 27% and of @entity1 24% gained 5 kg or more in weight over the follow-up. Among @entity1 , after adjusting for age, baseline weight and all socioeconomic determinants, those with basic (OR 1.40 95% CI 1.11-1.76) or intermediate education (OR 1.43 95% CI 1.08-1.90), renters (OR 1.18 95% CI 1.03-1.36) and those with occasional (OR 1.19 95% CI 1.03-1.38) or frequent (OR 1.50 95% CI 1.26-1.79) economic difficulties had increased risk of @entity1017 . Among @entity1 , after full adjustment, having current frequent economic difficulties (OR 1.70 95% CI 1.15-2.49) remained associated with @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: Current economic difficulties among both @entity1 and @entity1 , and among @entity1 low education and renting, were associated with @entity1017 . Prevention of @entity1017 among ageing @entity1 would benefit from focusing in particular on those with economic difficulties.

title: Multiple socioeconomic determinants of XXXX : the Helsinki Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: @entity2 clinics is increasing with the "2-week wait" initiative. This initiative is one of the key targets set out in the National Health Service (NHS) Cancer Plan for the United Kingdom, whereby all @entity1 presenting with symptoms which may be indicative of a @entity5 diagnosis will be seen by a consultant within 2 weeks of initial presentation at their primary care provider. This has resulted in busy clinics, with the potential for extended clinic waiting times and unmet needs for information and psychosocial support on the part of @entity1 and families. There is increasing interest in the most appropriate mode of follow-up for @entity1 with @entity2 who are under observation, many of whom have completed specific treatments. Such @entity1 may benefit from specialist nurse review for symptom control and psychosocial support. Nurse-led clinics are safe and cost effective in the oncology and research-funded setting. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of nurse-led follow-up in a large general @entity2 clinic seeing approximately 250 new @entity1 annually. Over a 34-week period, there were 487 follow-up attendances and 94 (19.3%) of these were made by 72 @entity1 deemed eligible for nurse-led follow-up. Sixty @entity1 were approached and 54 (90%) agreed to participate in the study. A questionnaire containing vignette scenarios of nurse-led, telephone, GP-led, and standard (hospital, medical) follow-up was completed by 34/54 (63%) of eligible @entity1 , 10/20 (50%) carers, 20/31 (65%) staff, and 11/38 (29%) GPs. Respondents rated acceptability of the scenarios on a range of issues on a scale of 1 to 5. @entity1 also completed the EORTC QLQ C30 and lung module questionnaire. Subsequent interviews were carried out with samples of these respondent groups.Fatigue, @entity1353 , cough, and @entity158 were the most common general symptoms. Both standard and nurse-led follow-up scenarios were highly rated by @entity1 and other respondents and both were highly significantly favored over GP follow-up, which was the least favored in all areas of the questionnaire. Telephone follow-up tended to elicit more polarized reactions, both positive and negative. In interviews, in relation to nurse-led follow-up, the importance of clear protocols, training, and easy access to medical review were highlighted.

title: Preferences for follow-up after treatment for XXXX : assessing the nurse-led option.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Pressure on lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: Due to its high sensitivity, magnetic resonance (MR) mammography is increasingly used as adjunct to mammography and ultrasound. The technique, however, has a relatively limited specificity. Therefore, it may only be used for specific indications. One of the indications is preoperative staging of @entity0 . This review serves to give an overview of the studies published on the role of MR in preoperative local staging. METHODS: We reviewed studies of the role of MR mammography in the detection of @entity0 and in the assessment of the diameter and extent of @entity189 . We also reviewed published studies on detection of multifocal and @entity189 that were occult on mammography and ultrasound. Advantages and drawbacks of preoperative MR mammography and the effect on treatment, as reported in different published studies, are described. The review is based on a search of PubMed, using specific terms for the different topics. RESULTS: MR has the highest sensitivity to detect invasive @entity189 and is best in assessment of @entity5 extent, including detection of multifocal, @entity66 . CONCLUSION: MR mammography is a valuable adjunct to conventional imaging in the preoperative local staging of @entity0 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'multicentric carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric and bilateral disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a widely used animal model of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), an inflammatory, demyelinating @entity6220 (CNS). @entity6503 pathogenesis involves various cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Given the complexity of the inflammatory response in @entity6503 , it is likely that many immune mediators still remain to be discovered. To identify novel immune mediators of @entity6503 pathogenesis, we performed an Affymetrix gene array screen on the spinal cords of @entity19 at the onset stage of disease. This screening identified the gene encoding @entity22028 ( @entity22028 ) as being significantly upregulated. @entity22028 is a multi-functional protein that plays a role in glial activation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) stabilization, and cellular @entity68 flux. As many of these processes have been implicated in @entity6503 , we characterized the expression and role of @entity22028 in this disease in C57BL/6 @entity19 . We show that @entity22028 is significantly upregulated in the spinal cord throughout @entity6503 and is expressed predominantly by monocytes and reactive astrocytes. The @entity22028 receptor, @entity48557 , is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages/microglia, and astrocytes in @entity6503 . In addition, we show that @entity6503 severity is increased in @entity22028 (-/-) @entity19 as compared with wild-type controls. Finally, we demonstrate that elevated levels of @entity22028 are detected in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in @entity15 and in immune cells in CNS lesions in @entity15 tissue sections. These data indicate that @entity22028 is a modulator of @entity6503 pathogenesis and suggest that it may also play a role in @entity15 .

title: XXXX is a novel immune mediator of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis and is modulated in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity22028 :: (16819(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Lipocalin 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity401 has not been reported as a @entity137 of @entity1205 . The authors report the presentation and natural history of four @entity1 who developed a severe @entity401 after receiving @entity1205 . METHODS: The hospital and outpatient records of @entity1 treated with @entity1205 were reviewed to identify whether any of these @entity1 required an evaluation for respiratory problems. RESULTS: Four @entity1 developed an @entity401 that could be explained only as a @entity137 of @entity1205 . None had metastatic disease to the lung, and all had normal liver function before receiving chemotherapy. The @entity1 presented with acute @entity1353 and @entity221 within 1-2 weeks of receiving @entity1205 . All developed progressive interstitial infiltrates and @entity1576 that required mechanical ventilation. An exhaustive workup for other causes of @entity55 was negative. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and @entity288 were ineffective. Two @entity1 died of complications related to the pulmonary process. The two survivors required ventilatory support for more than 21 days. The clinical and pathologic findings of these @entity1 are presented. CONCLUSIONS: @entity401 is a rare and potentially fatal complication of @entity1205 treatment. Prolonged ventilatory support is appropriate in @entity1 with a favorable prognosis.

title: Severe XXXX associated with @entity1205 administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'Interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic alliance effects of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental @entity2401 (EAM). METHODS: Expression vector pAdeno-CTLA4Ig and pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Adenovirus expresses CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg was produced. Ad- @entity2834 -GFP was used as controls. EAM was induced in Lewis @entity35 by injection of procine cardiac myosin. All the immunized @entity35 were divided into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg from day 14-28; group B (n = 15), group C (n = 15) and group D (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig, ICOSIg and GFP, respectively. Group E (n = 10) was normal controls never received immunization. On day 28, all the @entity35 were killed after echocardiography examination. Histopathological examination was used to observe @entity32 in the myocardium. Western blot was used to detect @entity24084 , @entity41831 , @entity46894 and competitive RT-PCR for @entity24087 expression. T lymphocyte proliferation assay was performed and ELISPOT was used to detect the Th1 and Th2 production. RESULTS: Alliance application of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg exerts therapeutic effects on EAM. After a treatment duration of 14 days, cardiac function and @entity296 improved significantly compared to group D. Expression of @entity24084 , @entity41831 and @entity46894 , @entity24086 was statistically decreased in group A, B and C compared with group D. T-cell proliferation was inhibited by costimulatory blockade in a dose-dependent style. ICOSIg blockade significantly augments @entity12718 and @entity13358 production while diminished @entity3692 production. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of costimulatory pathway with alliance therapy of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg alleviated @entity10469 in EAM and improved cardiac function. The mechanisms may be downregulation of costimulatory molecules and anti- @entity32 .

title: Effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune damage']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['autoimmune myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1545 ( @entity1545 ) due to cardiac and non-cardiac aetiologies. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review over 4 years. SETTING: Freestanding rehabilitation hospital. @entity1 : Thirteen @entity1 with @entity299 and 13 @entity1 with non- @entity299 . INTERVENTION: @entity1650 inpatient rehabilitation services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rehabilitation hospital length of stay (LOS) and cost; @entity177 ( @entity177 ) scores and its various sub-sets on admission and discharge; @entity177 efficiency and change; and discharge disposition. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity299 were similar in gender and ethnicity when compared to @entity1 with non- @entity299 but were older (average age 52 vs 42) with a higher percentage of cardiac @entity1 married (77% vs 39%). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups on all sub-sets of the @entity177 on admission and discharge as well as the different @entity177 . However, there was a trend for the @entity299 @entity1 to have a greater efficiency in improving mobility during rehabilitation when compared to non- @entity299 @entity1 . The rehabilitation hospital LOS was approximately 28 days less for @entity1 with @entity299 (41.49 vs 69.84 days), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.26). The mean rehabilitation cost for @entity1 with @entity299 was approximately  14,000 less than that for those with non- @entity299 ( 44,181 vs  58,187). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.15). @entity299 @entity1 were more likely to be discharged directly to home from rehabilitation when compared to non- @entity299 @entity1 (p=0.06). CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrates some differences in the recovery patterns of @entity1 with @entity1545 who had a cardiac aetiology and those who had non-cardiac aetiologies. While both groups experienced similar progress during rehabilitation, those with @entity299 with a shorter LOS and less rehabilitation costs when compared to non- @entity299 @entity1 . These data suggest a trend towards greater cost and length of stay for @entity1 with @entity1545 who had non-cardiac aetiologies.

title: Rehabilitation outcomes of XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'anoxic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive, multi-disciplinary']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM efficiencies', 'FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac ABI', 'cardiac ABI made gains', 'cardiac ABI']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac and non-cardiac anoxic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: On initial publication of GI Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 98-11 [A Phase III Randomized Study of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity1138 , and Radiotherapy Versus @entity1487 , @entity900 and Radiotherapy in @entity189 of the Anal Canal], concurrent chemoradiation (CCR) with @entity1487 (FU) plus @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) @entity177 ( @entity177 ) when compared with induction plus concurrent FU plus @entity900 (CDDP), but did not significantly impact disease-free survival (DFS) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for anal canal @entity189 . The intent of the updated analysis was to determine the long-term impact of treatment on survival (DFS, @entity1349 , @entity1349 [ @entity1349 ]), @entity177 , and relapse (locoregional failure [LRF], distant @entity3 ) in this @entity1 group. @entity1 AND METHODS: Stratification factors included sex, clinical node status, and primary size. DFS and @entity1349 were estimated univariately by the Kaplan-Meier method, and treatment arms were compared by log-rank test. Time to relapse and @entity177 were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and treatment arms were compared by using Gray's test. Multivariate analyses used Cox proportional hazard models to test for treatment differences after adjusting for stratification factors. RESULTS: Of 682 @entity1 accrued, 649 were analyzable for outcomes. DFS and @entity1349 were statistically better for RT + FU/ @entity1139 versus RT + FU/CDDP (5-year DFS, 67.8% v 57.8%; P = .006; 5-year @entity1349 , 78.3% v 70.7%; P = .026). There was a trend toward statistical significance for @entity1349 (P = .05), LRF (P = .087), and @entity177 (P = .074). Multivariate analysis was statistically significant for treatment and clinical node status for both DFS and @entity1349 , for @entity5 diameter for DFS, and for sex for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: CCR with FU/ @entity1139 has a statistically significant, clinically meaningful impact on DFS and @entity1349 versus induction plus concurrent FU/CDDP, and it has borderline significance for @entity1349 , @entity177 , and LRF. Therefore, RT + FU/ @entity1139 remains the preferred standard of care.

title: Long-term update of US GI intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for @entity189 : survival, relapse, and XXXX with concurrent chemoradiation involving @entity1487 / @entity1138 versus @entity1487 / @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin', 'Mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'decreased colostomy failure']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'CFS', 'colostomy-free survival', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', 'fluorouracil', '5-FU']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['colostomy failure']


abstract: The effects of chronic i.v. administration of the @entity750 5-HT1 receptor agonist, @entity20935 ( @entity20936 ), on blood pressure (BP), @entity299 were studied in @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Acute i.v. injection of increasing doses of @entity20936 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in SHR and WKY with concomitant @entity591 . In chronic experiments, @entity20936 (15.0 micrograms/kg per day) or vehicle (24.0 microliters/day) was infused i.v. for 7 days, using osmotic minipumps. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR were monitored daily before and during infusions. In SHR (n = 8) and WKY @entity35 (n = 9) receiving @entity20936 , a significant reduction in SBP was observed during the infusion period. HR was slightly increased in WKY @entity35 on days 1 and 2. There were no HR changes in the SHR group. The fall in SBP was significantly larger in the SHR than in the WKY @entity35 . Baroreflex sensitivity on day 7 was significantly greater in @entity20936 -treated SHR than in control @entity35 . There was no change in baroreflex sensitivity in WKY @entity35 . Administration of a single dose of @entity20936 (0.5 microgram/kg i.v.) on day 7 of infusion resulted in attenuated responses in WKY @entity35 while SHR responded as their respective controls. Our data suggest that chronic administration of @entity20936 results in a sustained antihypertensive effect. This is associated with an improved @entity4375 in the SHR either as a consequence of a resetting of the baroreflex due to sustained lowering of BP or a direct action of @entity20936 on baroreflex sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antihypertensive effect of chronic i.v. administration of @entity20935 in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity20935 :: ('MESH:C047087', 'Chemical') :: ['5-carboxamidotryptamine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the overall health effects of adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ), developed at the US Department of Agriculture, measures how well Americans' diets conform to these guidelines. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether the @entity1277 (scores range from 0 to 100; 100 is best) calculated from food-frequency questionnaires ( @entity1277 -f) would predict risk of major @entity102 in @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 67272 US female nurses who were free of @entity66 completed detailed questionnaires on diet and @entity102 risk factors in 1984 and repeatedly over 12 y. Major @entity102 was defined as fatal or nonfatal @entity65 ( @entity583 or @entity64 , n = 1365), fatal or nonfatal @entity5 (n = 5216), or other nontraumatic deaths (n = 496), whichever came first. We also examined @entity65 and @entity5 as separate outcomes. RESULTS: After adjustment for smoking and other risk factors, the @entity1277 -f score was not associated with risk of overall major @entity102 in @entity1 [relative risk (RR) = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.06 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of @entity1277 -f score]. Being in the highest @entity1277 -f quintile was associated with a 14% reduction in @entity65 risk (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72, 1. 03) and was not associated with lower @entity5 risk (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.12). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that adherence to the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as measured by the @entity1277 -f, will have limited benefit in preventing major @entity102 in @entity1 .

title: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['major disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['healthy eating index', 'HEI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This was a prospective phase II study of @entity900 and @entity1749 (CB) in the first line treatment of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) with validation of progression free survival rate at 18 weeks (PFSR-18)(1) as primary end-point. METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3620 and performance status (PS) 0/1, were treated with @entity900 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity1749 1.3mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, 11 every 3 weeks. The primary end-point validation utilised the landmark method. RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2010 82 @entity1 were entered. PFSR-18 was 53% (80% confidence intervals, CIs, 42-64%). The overall survival (OS) was 13.5 months (95% CI 10.5-15) with 56% (95% CI 44-66%) alive at 1 year. The median PFS was 5.1months (95% CI 3.3-6.5) and the response rate was 28.4% (95% CI 18.9-39.5%). The most frequent grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity2753 (46%), hypokalaemia (17%), @entity1295 (12.2%), @entity882 (11%), @entity1398 (9.7%) and @entity2359 (motor, sensory, other: 1.2%, 8.5%, 2.4%). There were two toxic deaths (32 and 74days) due to acute @entity55 and @entity1167 . End-point validation showed that @entity1 with no progression/progression at 18 weeks had median OS of 16.9/11.9 months, respectively. Hazard ratio was 0.46 (CI 0.32-0.67), logrank test and C-index were 0.007 and 0.60. CONCLUSION: The 50% PFSR-18 for CB was contained within the 80% CI for (42-64%). Therefore the null hypothesis could not be rejected. Accordingly this combination does not warrant further investigation. PFSR-18 was confirmed as a strong predictor of survival.

title: Phase II study of first-line XXXX and @entity900 in @entity3620 and prospective validation of progression free survival rate as a primary end-point for mesothelioma clinical trials (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 08052).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: While most @entity1 with @entity2401 have a relatively uncomplicated clinical course, a small number of @entity1 will present with @entity1455 unresponsive to standard medical therapy. We describe the clinical course of three @entity1 who developed profound @entity712 secondary to a documented @entity2401 . Each @entity1 was managed using venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support using the right common carotid artery/internal jugular vein for cannulation. While undergoing ECMO support, each @entity1 developed elevated left-sided cardiac chamber pressures with resultant @entity3126 . This was managed by balloon atrial septostomy in two cases and combined blade/balloon atrial septostomy in one case. Excellent decompression of the left heart was achieved in each @entity1 . Two @entity1 were successfully weaned from ECMO and are currently alive, with one demonstrating residual @entity299 . One @entity1 developed @entity296 and ultimately died. This small series demonstrates a role for ECMO in the management of @entity712 due to acute @entity2401 unresponsive to medical therapy. Our experience also suggests that balloon atrial septostomy may be useful to decompress the left atrium and ventricle of @entity1 with acute @entity2401 while on ECMO.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of @entity712 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['global myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inferences about late risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in live kidney donors have been extrapolated from studies averaging <10 years of follow-up. Since early postdonation @entity454 (<10 years postdonation) and late postdonation @entity454 (10+ years postdonation) may differ by causal mechanism, it is possible that extrapolations are misleading. To better understand postdonation @entity454 , we studied patterns of common etiologies including @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity631 ( @entity631 )(as reported by providers) using donor-registry data linked to @entity454 -registry data. Overall, 125,427 donors were observed for a median of 11.0 years (interquartile range 5.3-15.7; maximum 25). The cumulative incidence of @entity454 increased from 10 events per 10,000 at 10 years postdonation to 85 events per 10,000 at 25 years postdonation (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for late vs. early @entity454 [adjusted for age, race, and sex]: 1.3 1.72.3 [subscripts are 95% confidence intervals]). Early postdonation @entity454 was predominantly reported as @entity631 - @entity454 ; however, late postdonation @entity454 was more frequently reported as @entity454 and @entity454 (IRR 2.3 7.725.2 and 1.4 2.64.6 ). These time-dependent patterns were not seen with @entity631 - @entity454 (IRR 0.4 0.71.2 ). Since @entity454 in live kidney donors has traditionally been reported in studies averaging <10 years of follow-up, our findings suggest caution in extrapolating such results over much longer intervals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Brief Report: Patterns of End Stage Renal Disease Caused by XXXX , @entity101 , and @entity631 in Live Kidney Donors.

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-ESRD', 'hypertensive-ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: An audit to assess the adequacy of @entity101 care was performed by examining the records and interviewing 55 selected @entity101 @entity1 on treatment and follow-up at the outpatient department of a hospital. The @entity1 selected had no previous record of drop out of treatment and had excellent compliance with drug therapy, so that ineffective blood pressure control cannot be attributable to these two reasons. Adequacy of care was measured by the number of @entity1 whose management as indicated in their records complied with pre-defined criteria of adequate care. Only 18% of @entity1 had achieved adequate blood pressure control. Assessment of @entity1 was inadequate. None of the @entity1 had been screened for secondary causes though 16% of @entity1 had some basic investigations (urinalysis, blood @entity1133 and serum @entity972 ), 5% had an assessment of target-organ damage, and 2% had been screened for other cardiovascular risk factors. Only 5% had a surveillance of side-effects from drug-therapy, 45% of the @entity1 demonstrate adequate knowledge concerning complications of @entity101 . The use of non-drug treatment was non-existent. The results of this study suggest that there were considerable deficiencies in the management of @entity101 . Measures needed to overcome this are discussed.

title: The Mentakab XXXX Project. Part IV-- @entity101 care: is it adequate? A criterion-based audit of @entity101 care in a hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Two melanin-overproducing @entity15250 F6 mutants were generated using transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. Mutants were disrupted in a transcriptional regulator (TR) and a homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HDO) gene. Colonies of mutant F6-TR overproduced a black pigment on solid medium. The same mutant (F6-TR) had a 3.7-fold higher tyrosinase activity compared with the wild-type strain when induced with @entity28233 . However in @entity669 uptake assays whole cells of the mutant strain F6-TR consumed eight times less @entity669 compared with the wild-type strain. Mutant F6-HDO produced a diffusible red pigment into the growth medium. Pigment production by mutant F6-HDO is sixfold higher than the wild-type strain. The biomass yield of mutant F6-HDO grown on @entity669 as the sole source of @entity505 and energy was 1.2-fold lower than the wild-type strain. While the growth of the wild-type strain was completely inhibited by 5 min of exposure to UV light (254 nm) both mutant strains showed survival rates >30%. Mutant F6-HDO was able to tolerate higher concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) exhibiting 1.5 times smaller zones of inhibition at 10 mM @entity274 compared with mutant F6-TR and the wild-type strain. The pigments produced by all strains were purified and confirmed to be melanins.

title: Characterization of melanin-overproducing transposon mutants of XXXX F6.

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanism by which liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP) isoenzyme is converted from a membrane-bound enzyme to the soluble enzyme during @entity1448 . SAMPLE POPULATION: Serum and tissues from 2 @entity235 . PROCEDURE: The LALP was purified by use of affinity chromatography in samples of serum from @entity235 with complete bile duct obstruction. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect @entity8580 residues that would be evident when serum LALP had been membrane-attached and released by phospholipase activity. Exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and @entity45099 -sepharose phase separation of the serum isolate were used to confirm cleavage of the hydrophobic membrane anchor. Western immunoblot analysis was used to distinguish release by @entity4495 phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) from that by @entity4495 phospholipase C (GPI-PLC). Intact hepatocytes were incubated with canine serum GPI-PLD to test sensitivity of LALP to release by GPI-PLD. Hepatocyte membrane fragments were treated with serum GPI-PLD and mixtures of @entity7362 and @entity31091 to test effects of @entity3645 on LALP release. RESULTS: Amounts of @entity8580 per mole of serum LALP isolate were equal to amounts detected with LALP isolated from hepatic tissue. Evaluation of results of western immunoblot analysis and electrophoretic mobility suggested release by GPI-PLD rather than by GPI-PLC. Membrane-bound LALP was resistant to serum GPI-PLD activity in the absence of @entity3645 ; however, incubation in the presence of @entity3645 caused release of LALP. CONCLUSIONS: Solubilization of LALP during @entity1448 involves cleavage of its membrane anchor by endogenous GPI-PLD activity. Action of GPI-PLD is likely enhanced by increased concentrations of hepatic @entity3645 during @entity1448 .

title: Solubilization of liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme during XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity31091 :: ('MESH:D013657', 'Chemical') :: ['taurodeoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7665 and @entity51633 , which cause @entity358 , are variable in their clinical manifestation and progression. We hypothesized that mycobacterial genotypes represent their pathogenic phenotypes, which would result in particular genotypes being associated with disease progression. METHODS: Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci were selected to establish a genotype assay that was capable of differentiating @entity1 with heterogeneous prognoses in the development cohort (48 isolates). The analysis was reevaluated in the validation cohort (63 isolates). RESULTS: A total of 53 @entity7665 and 58 @entity51633 isolates were assembled into 3 clusters based on their VNTR genotyping. The @entity1 in @entity1129 were more likely to have stable disease of the nodular bronchiectatic form; 100% of @entity7665 @entity1 and 96% of @entity51633 @entity1 were followed without antibiotic treatment for >24 months after diagnosis. In contrast, the @entity1 in cluster B were more likely to have progressive disease of the nodular bronchiectatic form; 96% of @entity7665 @entity1 and 81% of @entity51633 patients started antibiotic treatment within 24 months after diagnosis. All @entity1 in cluster C had fibrocavitary disease and started antibiotic treatment immediately after diagnosis. The genetic distance of each clinical isolate from the reference strain was associated with the highest likelihood of disease progression and a disease phenotype of the fibrocavitary form (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Mycobacterial genotyping of @entity7665 and @entity51633 may provide valuable information for predicting disease phenotype and progression.

title: Mycobacterial genotypes are associated with clinical manifestation and progression of @entity358 caused by XXXX and @entity51633 .

entities_list: @entity51633 :: ('281216', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium massiliense', 'M. massiliense']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['M. abscessus', 'Mycobacterium abscessus']

answer: @entity7665 :: (36809,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus']