abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity198 plays a central role in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), the main ingredient of an oral formulation of @entity15627 with proven therapeutic efficacy in @entity1569 , has recently been found to ameliorate the course of relapsing-remitting @entity15 . Glial cells are the effector cells of neuroinflammation; however, little is known of the effect of @entity9104 on microglia and astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to use an established in vitro model of @entity198 to determine if @entity9104 modulates the release of neurotoxic molecules from microglia and astrocytes, thus inhibiting @entity32 . METHODS: Primary microglial and astrocytic cell cultures were prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal @entity35 . The control cells were treated with @entity558 , an accepted inducer of pro-inflammatory properties in glial cells, and the experimental groups with @entity558 and @entity9104 in different concentrations. After stimulation/incubation, the generation of @entity842 (NO) in the cell culture supernatants was determined by measuring @entity3542 accumulation in the medium using Griess reagent. After 6 hours of treatment RT-PCR was used to determine transcription levels of @entity3623 , @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity310 mRNA in microglial and astrocytic cell cultures initially treated with @entity9104 , followed after 30 min by @entity558 treatment. Moreover, we investigated possible involvement of the @entity3963 and @entity13791 transduction pathway in microglia using western blot analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity9104 decreased synthesis of the proinflammatory mediators @entity3623 , @entity310 , @entity1356 and @entity650 at the RNA level in activated microglia and astrocytes in vitro, associated with a decrease in @entity3963 phosphorylation in microglia. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of @entity9104 may be in part functionally attributable to the compound's ability to inhibit expression of multiple neuroinflammatory mediators in brain of @entity15 @entity1 .

title: XXXX inhibits microglial and astrocytic inflammation by suppressing the synthesis of @entity842 , @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity650 in an in-vitro model of @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['glial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation', 'Brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylfumarate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['Dimethylfumarate']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: The @entity652 detection rate (ADR), i.e., the proportion of average risk @entity1 with at least one @entity652 detected during screening colonoscopy, is inversely associated with the development of interval @entity14 . Increasing the ADR is therefore an important proxy for increase in quality and efficacy of (screening) colonoscopy. Several potentially modifiable factors, such as, procedural and technological factors, and quality improvement programs, and their effect on the ADR will be reviewed. Procedural factors, such as, bowel preparation, withdrawal time, and position changes of the @entity1 are associated with the ADR. While the relation of others, such as inspection during insertion, use of antispasmodic agents, and second inspection in the proximal colon, with the ADR is not completely clear. Many new colonoscopy technologies have been evaluated over recent years and are still under evaluation, but no unequivocal positive effect on the ADR has been observed in randomized trials that have mostly been performed by experienced endoscopists with high baseline ADRs. Several quality improvement programs have been evaluated and seem to have a positive effect on endoscopists' ADR. Increase in ADR is important for the protective benefit of colonoscopy. There are now extensive methods to measure, benchmark, and improve ADR but increased awareness of these is critical. We have provided an overview of potential factors that can be used to increase personal ADRs in every day practice.

title: Strategies to Increase XXXX Rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenoma Detection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case and review the literature on the rare complication of @entity2894 after administration of a @entity4396 agonist (GnRHa) for treatment of @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: We present a detailed case report of a @entity1 with immediate signs of @entity2894 after receiving a GnRHa and review the 6 previously reported cases in the literature. A 60-year-old @entity1 presented to a local hospital with severe @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity892 . @entity263 had recently been diagnosed, and he had received his first dose of a @entity4397 4 hours before this presentation. On physical examination, he was confused and had @entity735 . A head computed tomographic scan without contrast enhancement showed soft tissue filling the sella, without @entity932 or mass effect. He was discharged with the diagnosis of @entity1393 . Three weeks later, he presented again with severe @entity10 and @entity892 . He had @entity911 , lethargy, disorientation, a blood pressure of 88/64 mm Hg, and left cranial nerve III, IV, and VI @entity912 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an enhancing pituitary mass with @entity548 extending to the optic chiasm, consistent with @entity2894 . Laboratory results were consistent with @entity7961 . Surgical excision revealed a necrotic @entity4611 with @entity548 . @entity5 immunohistochemical staining was positive only for luteinizing hormone. CONCLUSION: We describe a rare adverse effect of GnRHa therapy, which unmasked a gonadotropin-secreting @entity4611 . This case adds to the 6 previously reported cases of GnRHa administration inducing @entity2894 in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: XXXX agonist-induced @entity263 : case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis of the left eye']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['Gonadotropin-releasing hormone']


abstract: @entity1082 ) infection is the world's most common @entity2953 . It is a prerequisite for @entity5 , the second most common cause of @entity204 in @entity5 among @entity1 worldwide, and is also believed to cause other anogenital and @entity135 . Vaccines that protect against the most common @entity5 -causing HPV types have recently become available, and different countries have taken different approaches to implementing vaccination. This paper examines the ethics of alternative HPV vaccination strategies. It devotes particular attention to the major arguments for and against one strategy: voluntary, publicly funded vaccination for all adolescent @entity1 and @entity1 . This approach seems attractive because it would protect more @entity1 against @entity5 and other @entity5 than less inclusive alternatives, without the sacrifice of autonomy that a comparably broad compulsory programme would require. Also, the herd immunity that it would likely generate would protect those who remain unvaccinated, a major advantage from a justice perspective. However, there is a possibility that a HPV vaccination programme targeting all adolescents of both sexes is not considered sufficiently cost-effective. Also, it might pose more difficulties for achieving informed consent than comparable vaccination programmes against other diseases. Ultimately, society's choice of HPV vaccination strategy requires careful consideration not only of the values at stake but also of available and emerging scientific evidence.

title: The ethics of implementing XXXX vaccination in developed countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'HPV-related cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the radiographic and histologic response of soft tissue @entity242 (STS) to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Between February 2000 and January 2009, a total of 25 @entity1 aged >16  years with intermediate- or high-grade primary STS of all sites were treated with neoadjuvant RT followed by definitive resection. @entity1 receiving chemoradiotherapy were excluded. Cross-sectional images obtained before and after RT as well as pathologic specimens were reviewed for maximal change in @entity5 diameter and percentage @entity5 @entity39 , respectively. Clinicopathologic variables were analyzed for their association with pathologic and radiographic response. RESULTS: There were 18 extremity (72%) and 7 retroperitoneal (28%) @entity5 . Median maximal @entity5 size was 9  cm (range, 3.3-35  cm), and 88% were of high grade. There were 21 R0 resections (84%) and 4 R1 resections (16%). Radiographically, the median percentage change in @entity5 diameter was 0% (range, -25 to +86%). By Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST), 5 @entity1 demonstrated progressive disease, 20 demonstrated stable disease, and 0 demonstrated partial/complete response. The median pathologic percentage @entity5 @entity39 was 30% (range, 5-100%). Two @entity5 (8%) demonstrated near-complete pathologic response (>= 95% @entity39 ). Near-complete pathologic response was associated with favorable oncologic outcomes, although these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Radiologic and near-complete pathologic responses are rare events after preoperative RT for STS. Near-complete pathologic response may be a potentially meaningful surrogate marker for disease outcome and is not predicted by RECIST response. Knowledge of these historical response rates is important for the evaluation of novel neoadjuvant therapies for @entity1 with STS.

title: Radiographic and histologic response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Peripartum @entity296 is defined as left ventricular dilation and failure, first developing during the third trimester of pregnancy or in the first 6 months postpartum. In an effort to characterize this syndrome in a middle class population, 14 consecutive @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 underwent a detailed history and physical examination, right heart catheterization, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. These @entity1 were then observed with sequential noninvasive studies to determine prognostic indicators. Eight (57%) of these 14 @entity1 were primiparous and an equal number first presented with @entity712 concomitant with or immediately before the onset of labor. When these @entity1 were compared with 55 @entity1 with @entity1000 , only mean age at onset of symptoms (28.7 +/- 5.7 versus 48.2 +/- 13.6 years, p less than 0.001) and symptom duration (4.1 +/- 7.7 versus 19.0 +/- 18.4 months, p less than 0.001) differed between the groups. There was no difference in @entity943 , left ventricular chamber size, ejection fraction or hemodynamics. Myocyte histologic findings were similar; however, @entity2401 was identified in 29% of @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 and in only 9% of those with @entity1000 . In all @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 and @entity2401 , the myocardial biopsy was performed within 1 week of onset of symptoms. Seven (50%) of the @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 had dramatic improvement within 6 weeks of follow-up, and 6 (43%) died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripartum XXXX : clinical, hemodynamic, histologic and prognostic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1527 , the aetiological agent of @entity1526 , is able to parasitise almost any type of cell in the @entity1 host. Only the macrophage, however, is potentially microbicidal for the parasite. The effectiveness of macrophages in killing @entity1527 appears to be related to the degree of activation of the cell. The @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) is a glycoprotein that promotes proliferation, differentiation and activation of macrophages. It acts through a cell-surface receptor that encodes a @entity669 kinase in its cytoplasmic domain. The @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ) autophosphorylates upon induction with the ligand. A three to seven-fold lower degree of phosphorylation of ligand-stimulated @entity6823 in monocytes/macrophages of @entity1 with @entity102 compared with those of healthy donors has been previously demonstrated. Only 5-10% of the population infected with @entity1527 develop @entity102 . Furthermore, members of this group have a functional defect of the @entity6823 . I therefore decided to investigate the state of the @entity6823 in @entity1 @entity281 with @entity1527 in whom the acute phase of the disease had subsided and who had subsequently become seronegative for @entity1526 after treatment with @entity16580 . I found a heterogeneous pattern of ligand-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity6823 ranging from a nil to a six-fold difference within the population. Healthy @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1526 showed a fully phosphorylated receptor protein after stimulation with @entity6823 . The state of the @entity6823 may correlate with the potential to develop @entity1526 .

title: Characterisation of the receptor for the @entity6824 in monocytes/macrophages of @entity1 @entity281 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['MCSF receptor', 'MCSFR']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ["chronic Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally infected']

entities_list: @entity16580 :: ('MESH:D009547', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifurtimox']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['MCSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: Although myocardial contrast echo has been used recently in @entity1 studies, no study is available at the present time which relates contrast echo findings to the degree of @entity3979 . The present study is the first attempt to determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between regional myocardial echo contrast disappearance rate ('washout') and the severity of @entity3979 . Manual injection of sonicated @entity3990 (Iopamiro 370) into the left main coronary artery with simultaneous cross-sectional echo registration provided the myocardial echo-contrast images. From the digitized images, an echo contrast time-intensity curve was constructed for the proximal basal interventricular septum (region I) and the mid-distal portion of the interventricular septum (region II). From these curves, T50 was calculated after Fourier transformation and mono-exponential curve fitting. The percentage @entity850 area (%A) of the left descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) was calculated from routine coronary arteriograms using a computer-based system. Thirty @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age 58 +/- 10 years) were included in the study. Group I (n = 7) had normal @entity3980 , group II (n = 18) had @entity3980 @entity850 of varying degrees. Five @entity1 were not suitable for quantitative evaluation. A curvilinear relation was found between T50 and %A. (T50 = 3.0 x e0.01%A; r = 0.78; P less than 0.05). @entity1 with asynergy had significantly longer T50 (8.2 +/- 2.5 s) than did @entity1 without asynergy (4.2 +/- 1.5 s) (P less than 0.05). All @entity1 with greater than 75% @entity3980 %A had prolonged T50. T50 might be useful index for studying regional myocardial perfusion during cardiac catheterization.

title: Is the rate of disappearance of echo contrast from the interventricular septum a measure of left anterior descending XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: Ten of 73 @entity703 (14%) collected from the files of the Hospital de Navarra over a five-year period were @entity189 of the @entity8 ( @entity19175 ). In 54 of 73 @entity703 @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was performed. In seven cases a cytologic diagnosis of @entity189 was made. The majority of @entity1 presented with @entity158 and @entity811 of short duration. In three cases a renal mass was detected by roentgenography. A filling defect in the collector system, with no conclusive roentgenographic diagnosis, was observed in the remaining cases. Computed tomography-guided @entity400 was performed in all cases. Voided urine was collected for microscopic study in six cases. The cytologic pattern of all cases was similar to that of bladder @entity189 . This feature was particularly frequent in well-differentiated @entity1377 . The differential diagnosis with other @entity8 based on cytologic findings was established. @entity400 is useful not only in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity19175 but also in follow-up.

title: Fine needle aspiration biopsy in XXXX of the @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis', 'kidney lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney neoplasms']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 endometrial glands synthesize and secrete a high molecular weight mucin-like glycoprotein in a menstrual cycle-dependent fashion. A novel moiety within this Golgi-associated glycoprotein is strongly reactive with IgG antibodies in numerous @entity19 ascites, and has been termed MAG ( @entity19 ascites Golgi). Immunohistochemical staining of 201 endometrial biopsies revealed the following patterns: MAG first appeared in the Golgi on cycle day 5, peaked on day 15, was present on the surface of the luminal epithelium between days 17 and 19, and was no longer detectable after day 19. MAG was also present in cervical, prostate, seminal vesicle, and lacrimal glands, @entity1085 and bile duct epithelium, and certain cells of the salivary and sweat glands. Interestingly, only tissues from blood group A individuals exhibited this staining. As a common link among all these cell types is the expression of mucins, we speculated that the MAG epitope could be a mucin-associated blood group A-related epitope. This hypothesis was tested by absorption experiments with a variety of glycoconjugates and erythrocytes and by immunoblots of MAG-rich material. The absorption studies demonstrated that only type III porcine mucin (< 1% @entity3167 ) and blood type A or AB erythrocytes were able to absorb the anti-MAG antibody. Inasmuch as @entity10811 alone, the terminal blood group A @entity1735 , did not block MAG antibody binding, the MAG epitope appears to involve @entity10811 plus other determinants. Immunoblots of endometrial extracts and saliva from blood type A individuals revealed MAG-reactive material with a molecular weight > 200 kd under reducing conditions. Because the MAG epitope appears on the endometrial surface during the purported implantation window, we speculate that mucin-like epitopes could play a role in the earliest apposition phases of conceptus-endometrial interaction.

title: A mucin-like glycoprotein identified by MAG ( XXXX ascites Golgi) antibodies. Menstrual cycle-dependent localization in @entity1 endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar cells, gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity10811 :: ('CHEBI:28800', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-galactosamine', 'N-acetylgalactosamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Of 897 @entity1 who underwent operation for @entity2 between April 1996 and March 2010, 57 @entity1 underwent pulmonary resection for 2nd @entity2 . There were 44 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 . The average age at the 2nd operation was 71. The initial pulmonary resection was lobectomy in 49 @entity1 , segmentectomy in 4 and wedge resection in 4. The 2nd pulmonary resection was lobectomy in 10 @entity1 , segmentectomy in 12 and wedge resection in 35. Preoperative stage of the 2nd @entity2 was IA in 43, IB in 13 and IIB in 1. Postoperative stage was IA in 38, IB in 10, IIA in 1, IIB in 3, IIIA in 2 and IIIB in 3. @entity532 occurred in 4, but there were no perioperative @entity204 . The 5-year survival rate for 2nd primary @entity2 was 59.9%. The 5-year survival rate for @entity1 treated with wedge resection was 71.1%. The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 with p-stage IA was 72.7%, and that for @entity1 with p-stage IB or more @entity1442 was 32.9%. We conclude that an aggressive surgical approach for a 2nd @entity2 is effective and is linked with good outcome if the @entity5 is detected at stage IA, when the possible cure by performing wedge resection is promissing.

title: [Surgical results for second XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced diseases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancer']


abstract: The cerebellar interposed nuclei (IN) are an essential part of circuits that control classically conditioned eyeblinks in the @entity95 . The function of the IN is under the control of GABAergic projections from Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. The exact involvement of cerebellar cortical input into the IN during eyeblink expression is not clear. While it is known that the application of @entity1246 -A ( @entity1246 (A)) agonists and antagonists affects the performance of classically conditioned eyeblinks, the effects of these drugs on IN neurons in vivo are not known. The purpose of the present study was to measure the effects of @entity6341 and @entity5094 on the expression of conditioned eyeblinks and the activity of IN cells simultaneously. Injections of @entity6341 abolished conditioned responses and either silenced or diminished the activity of IN cells. Two injections were administered in each @entity5094 experiment. The first injection of @entity5094 slightly modified the timing and amplitude of the eyeblink, produced mild tonic eyelid closure, increased tonic activity of IN cells, and reduced the amplitude of the neural responses. The second injection of @entity5094 abolished conditioned responses, further increased tonic eyelid closure, dramatically elevated the tonic activity of IN cells, and in most cases, abolished neuronal responses. These results demonstrate that both @entity1246 (A)-mediated inactivation and tonic up-regulation of IN cells can interrupt the expression of conditioned eyeblinks and that this behavioral effect is accompanied by the suppression of the neuronal activity correlates of the conditioned stimulus and response.

title: XXXX neurotransmission in the cerebellar interposed nuclei: involvement in classically conditioned eyeblinks and neuronal activity.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: @entity9208 is an indicator of overall glycemic control for a 10-14-day time frame, medium-term marker, versus the 90-day average indicated by the hemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ) test. The utility of the home @entity9208 test for management of @entity1 with @entity6 remains undefined. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to compare the annual @entity3916 results of subjects monitoring weekly @entity9208 with those receiving usual care, (2) to identify the number of subjects achieving goal @entity3916 , and (3) to determine if the addition of a weekly @entity9208 test changed a subject's quality of life. This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial. Subjects were recruited from three sites and randomly assigned to collect weekly @entity9208 in addition to daily @entity413 (Group 1) or to receive usual care of daily @entity413 collection (Group 2). Follow-up occurred at 3-month intervals for a year. Baseline and quarterly @entity3916 tests were collected. Quality of life assessment was conducted at baseline and at the final study visit. Seventy-two subjects were randomized. Demographic and whole blood assessments were similar between the two groups at baseline. The mean percent change of @entity3916 from baseline to final study visit in Group 1 (-0.52 +/- 1.5) was not statistically different than Group 2 (-0.86 +/- 1.4) (P = 0.320). Seven subjects in each group achieved @entity3916 of less than 7% (P = 0.532). No change in quality of life between or within the two groups was observed (P > 0.05) for each area of concern. Blood @entity413 monitoring alone was shown to be superior to the additional @entity9208 testing after 1 year of treatment; however, weekly @entity9208 testing demonstrated a decrease in @entity3916 earlier and more consistently throughout the study. Despite glycemic improvement, the number of subjects attaining American @entity6 Association-defined @entity3916 goals was not different between the treatment groups. Quality of life did not change with the addition of a weekly @entity9208 test.

title: A prospective, randomized, multicentered controlled trial to compare the annual glycemic and quality outcomes of @entity1 with XXXX monitored with weekly @entity9208 testing versus usual care.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine', 'Fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6288 or loss of skeletal muscle mass is an objective measure of frailty associated with functional @entity717 . This study aimed to examine the impact of @entity6288 on surgical complications and survival outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1204 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1204 @entity1 who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2009 was performed. @entity6288 was assessed on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan by measurement of the lumbar psoas muscle cross-sectional area and defined as any value below the median (<4.33 cm(2)). @entity28 was defined as @entity6288 plus a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or higher. @entity124 ( @entity124 ) was analyzed using the National @entity5 Institute (NCI) consensus markers and @entity5 from hysterectomy specimens. RESULTS: Of 122 @entity1 , 27 (22%) met the criteria for @entity28 . Sarcopenic @entity1 were older than @entity1 with normal muscle mass (mean age, 69.7 vs. 62.1 years; p < 0.001), had a lower BMI (31.1 vs. 39.4 kg/m(2); p < 0.001), and had more comorbidities (p = 0.048). @entity6288 was not associated with @entity5 @entity124 , hospital stay, 90-day readmission rate, or early/late complications. @entity1 with @entity6288 had a shorter recurrence-free survival than nonsarcopenic @entity1 (median 23.5 vs. 32.1 months; log-rank p = 0.02), but did not differ in terms of overall survival (log-rank p = 0.25). After adjustment for race, BMI, lymphocyte count, and @entity5 histology, @entity6288 was associated with a fourfold shorter recurrence-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj], 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-11.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 has an impact on recurrence-free survival, but does not appear to have a negative impact on surgical outcomes or overall survival among @entity1204 @entity1 who undergo preoperative CT scan.

title: Pre-operative assessment of muscle mass to predict surgical complications and prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenic obesity', 'sarcopenic obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and disability']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To pilot test the feasibility and validity of new, brief, structured, physician-administered diagnostic interviews for six @entity146 in primary care @entity1 identified from a @entity1 -completed screen. DESIGN: Comparison of the new diagnostic interviews with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Revised Third Edition, version P ( @entity2729 ), administered independently by a mental health professional. SETTING: Three Rhode Island family practices and a South Carolina family medicine residency. SUBJECTS: Consecutive @entity1 of either sex, aged 18 to 70 years, who were able to read and write English were eligible for screening; 775 @entity1 completed the screen. Of these, 246 screened positive for at @entity74 and received at least one module. Of these, 158 received a @entity2729 interview. RESULTS: The diagnostic interviews were found useful by all 16 participating physicians. Eighty-seven percent reported that they diagnosed a new mental problem, and 93% said that the modules clarified suspected symptoms. However, 26% thought the procedure was too time consuming, and 80% believed that reimbursement would be necessary for routine use. Detection of cases using the diagnostic modules was associated with physician intervention and with independent assessment of @entity1 impairment. Over three quarters of the @entity1 (76.4%) who were classified as positive by the physician interview for any of the diagnoses also tested positive on the @entity2729 . Two thirds of the @entity1 (62.7%) with at least one of the disorders (according to @entity2729 ) were classified by the physician interview as having a @entity146 . However, the operating characteristics varied across specific disorders and indicated a need for revisions and testing in larger samples. CONCLUSIONS: These brief physician-administered diagnostic interview modules are part of a screening and diagnostic system (Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care [SDDS-PC], The UpJohn Co, Kalamazoo, Mich) to detect @entity146 in primary care @entity1 . The pilot results help establish their feasibility and validity.

title: Brief diagnostic interviews (SDDS-PC) for multiple XXXX in primary care. A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['least one disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'mental disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life has frequently been reported to improve after vascularized composite allotransplantation of the face. However, psychosocial functioning of the partner or of particular @entity1 groups such as blind @entity1 are until now less well investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate psychologic, marital, and family functioning of a blind 54-year-old @entity1 , Mr. A, and his partner after facial transplantation. METHODS: Depressive and @entity148 , hopelessness, @entity1314 , coping, resilience, illness cognitions, marital support, dyadic adjustment, family functioning, and quality of life of Mr. A and his partner were assessed before and after facial transplantation and at 15 months follow-up. @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was further calculated to evaluate the magnitude of change. RESULTS: Most psychologic, marital, and family scores of both Mr. A and his partner were within a normative and healthy range before and after transplant and at 15 months follow-up. Resilience ( @entity894 : 3.6), affective responsiveness ( @entity894 : -3.6), and disease benefits ( @entity894 : 2.6) of Mr. A further improved at 15 months follow-up whereas the physical quality of life ( @entity894 : -14.8) strongly decreased. Only marital support ( @entity894 : -2.1) and depth ( @entity894 : -2.0) of the partner decreased at 15 months. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study point to positive psychosocial outcomes in a blind @entity1 after facial transplantation. Further, they may underscore the importance of good psychosocial functioning before transplantation of both partners and of their involvement in psychologic and @entity146 treatment. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.

title: Facial Transplantation in a Blind XXXX : Psychologic, Marital, and Family Outcomes at 15 Months Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['Reliable change index', 'RCI']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vector derived from inactivated replication-defective Sendai virus enhances anti- @entity5 immunity through activation of effector T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of regulatory T cells (Tregs). @entity2047 enhances T cell proliferation and activates T cells and NK cells. However, recent studies have revealed that the application of @entity2047 also has immune suppressive effects through expansion of Tregs. Here, we investigated the efficacy of @entity2047 gene therapy using immunomodulating HVJ-E vector in @entity19 @entity11 models. A single intratumoral injection of HVJ-E containing pVAX- @entity2047 significantly suppressed @entity5 growth of @entity11 , resulting in prolonged survival. Furthermore, HVJ-E, following intracavitary administration, delivered genes into post-operative @entity41 cells. Consequently, prolonged survival resulted from a single intracavitary administration of HVJ-E containing pVAX- @entity2047 following @entity5 removal. @entity2047 gene therapy delivered via the HVJ-E vector significantly inhibited the expansion of Tregs in @entity5 compared to @entity2047 gene transfer using retroviral vector and resulted in marked infiltration of @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) T cells into @entity5 . Through inhibition of Treg-mediated immunosuppression, HVJ-E enhanced effector T cell-mediated anti- @entity5 immunity induced by @entity2047 . This combination of an immunomodulating vector and immunostimulating cytokine gene shows promise as an attractive, novel immunogene therapy for @entity11 .

title: Immunogene therapy using immunomodulating HVJ-E vector augments anti- @entity5 effects in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial gliomas', 'malignant glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anti- @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 is a recently recognized @entity792 which is responsive to immunotherapy. However, the outcomes of different immunotherapies have not been defined and there have been few studies that carried out a comparison among them. To provide an overview of the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of anti-NMDAR @entity198 , we systematically reviewed the literature in the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan-fang databases. Eighty-three studies with a total of 432 @entity1 were included. The median age was 22years. Two hundred ninety-three (68%) @entity1 were female, 87 (21%) of 412 @entity1 had a @entity5 , including 68 (78%) @entity1 with @entity43 . Pediatric @entity1 had a higher ratio of @entity410 to @entity146 symptoms as the initial manifestation (p=0.0012), a lower proportion with a @entity5 (p<0.0001) and CSF pleocytosis (p=0.0163), and a better outcome (p=0.0064) than adults. @entity1 who died had a higher proportion of CSF pleocytosis than the @entity1 who survived (p=0.0021). There were no significant differences among three first-line immunotherapy used alone (p=0.9172) or among combinations of every two of them (p=0.3059). With regard to the use of corticosteroid and IVIG, there were no significant differences between the outcomes of early combined treatment and sequential treatment (p=0.7277), or between using @entity228 first and IVIG first (p=0.5422). Our findings suggest that the clinical characteristics and outcomes for pediatric @entity1 were different from adult @entity1 , and no significant differences were found among different immunotherapies.

title: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor XXXX : A systematic review of reported cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the concept of intraoral welding as a suitable technique for the fabrication of a restoration for the edentulous @entity3202 on the day of placement of axial and tilted implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 received three axial and four tilted implants in the @entity5386 . Immediately after implant placement, definitive abutments were connected to the implants and then a @entity702 bar was welded to them using an intraoral welding unit. This framework was used as a support for the definitive restoration, which was attached on the day of implant placement. Mean marginal @entity604 and radiographically detectable alteration of the welded framework were assessed using periapical radiographs immediately after surgery and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after placement. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with an average age of 58.1 years (SD 13.6) were consecutively treated with 210 immediately loaded implants. No @entity174 or radiographically detectable alterations of the welded frameworks were evident. A 100% prosthetic success rate was seen at 36 months. Three (1.4%) implants had serious biologic complications, resulting in success rates of 97.8% for axial implants and 99.2% for tilted implants. The accumulated mean marginal @entity604 was 0.92 mm (SD 0.75; n = 90) for axial implants and 1.03 mm (SD 0.69; n = 120) for tilted implants. The average pocket probing depths were 1.87 mm (SD 0.98; n = 90) for the axial implants and 1.95 mm (SD 0.81; n = 120) for the tilted implants. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible on the day of implant placement surgery to successfully rehabilitate the edentulous @entity3202 with a fixed, definitive restoration supported by an intraorally welded @entity702 framework attached to axial and tilted implants.

title: Immediate loading of the XXXX with a definitive restoration supported by an intraorally welded @entity702 bar and tilted implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulous maxilla']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic maxilla']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity5386 :: (MESH:D007575,Disease) :: ['edentulous maxilla']


abstract: 100 @entity1 had an impacted lower 3rd molar surgically removed in a double-blind study. @entity1623 (500 mg b.i.d.) or @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) (1 g t.i.d.) were administered to the @entity1 . @entity1443 was allowed as escape medication. 49 @entity1 received @entity1623 and 51 @entity1281 . 4 @entity1 from each group were excluded because they took other analgesics, took too few tablets, were lost to follow-up or had misunderstood the instructions. There was a significantly better over all analgesic effect of @entity1623 than @entity1281 (p = 0.004). More @entity1 in the @entity1623 group than in the @entity1281 group (p less than 0.01) would accept treatment with the same drug again. 4 @entity1 , all from the @entity1281 group, complained spontaneously about side effects.

title: A double-blind, randomized study of XXXX and @entity117 after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['Naproxen', 'naproxen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content was performed in 34 @entity957 of oral cavity and @entity5 using archived paraffin-embedded tissues. The DNA content was correlated with the presence of cervical @entity3 . Ten and 24 @entity1 were classified as early (I _ II) and advanced (III _ IV) clinical stages, respectively. The @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was grouped into diploid ( @entity894 0.85-1.15) and non-diploid. Seven (70%) @entity5 were non-diploid in clinical stages I _ II. Four out of 7 (57%) developed initial and late cervical @entity1600 (p > 0.05). There were 15 (62.5%) @entity5 in clinical stages III _ IV. Thirteen out of 15 (86.7%) had cervical lymph node @entity3 (p < 0.05). However, the survival period and the incidence of recurrent disease for the whole group did not show any association with DNA ploidy. Our results suggest that DNA content may be useful as a reliable predictor of regional @entity3 in advanced stage @entity5772 .

title: DNA ploidy as a predictor of cervical @entity3 in advanced squamous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-diploid tumours', 'base of tongue tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity5772 :: (MESH:D014062,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) involves @entity792 resulting in proptosis, @entity384 , @entity4 and @entity892 . Werner's NOSPECS classification and @entity922 ( @entity922 ) of @entity6875 cannot objectively describe the inflammatory status. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) detects local temperature and may reflect the degree of @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of the eye temperature measured by DITI. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity6875 receiving intravenously @entity1667 pulse therapy (MPT) were included in this study. Local temperatures of the lateral orbit, upper eyelid, inner caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva, lower eyelid and @entity267 were measured with DITI before and after MPT. @entity922 , @entity1319 (EOM) and @entity892 were also recorded. Improvement of @entity922 was defined as at least one point decrease at either side of the eye, which was 0.5 score decrease as to the average of bilateral @entity922 . RESULTS: Local temperatures of the eyes decreased after MPT. The mean value of temperature (MT) of 12 points including the lateral orbit, upper eyelid, inner caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva and lower eyelid of both eyes before MPT was 32.65 degrees . The mean change of MT after MPT ( @entity18875 ) was -0.22 degrees. DeltaT significantly negative-correlated with basal MT (correlation coefficient=-0.54, p=0.004). Higher baseline MT and @entity922 before MPT correlated with higher possibility of improvement of @entity922 after MPT (p=0.013 and 0.012, respectively). Baseline MT and @entity922 together correlated with improvement of @entity922 after MPT better than baseline @entity922 alone could do (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 82.81% and 66.63%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Basal temperature of the eyes measured by DITI was an objective indicator of @entity32 of @entity6875 . Combining @entity922 and MT could better predict the outcome of MPT than @entity922 alone.

title: The application of temperature measurement of the eyes by digital infrared thermal imaging as a prognostic factor of @entity1667 pulse therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['orbital inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity18875 :: ('c|DEL||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['DeltaT']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis, eye movement']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune process']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'clinical activity score']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The insect fat body and the adipose tissue of vertebrates store @entity1718 (FA) as @entity1674 (TG). However, the fat body of most insects has the unique ability to rapidly produce and secrete large amounts of @entity2366 (DG). @entity5296 acyltransferase (MGAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of DG from MG, and a @entity2366 acyltransferase (DGAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of TG from DG, are key enzymes in the metabolism of neutral glycerides. However, very little is known about these acyltransferases in insects. In the present study we have cloned two predicted MGATs and a DGAT from @entity4079 and compared their sequences with predicted MGAT and DGAT homologs from a number of insect species. The comparison suggested that insects may only have a single DGAT gene, DGAT1. The apparent absence of a DGAT2 gene in insects would represent a major difference with vertebrates, which contain DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes. Insects seem to have a single MGAT gene which is similar to the MGAT2 of vertebrates. A number of conserved phosphorylation sites of potential physiological significance were identified among insect proteins and among insect and vertebrate proteins. DGAT1 and MGAT are expressed in fat body, midgut and ovaries. The relative rates of utilization of FAs for the synthesis of DG and TG correlated with the relative expression levels of MGAT and DGAT suggesting that regulation of the expression levels of these acyltransferases could be determining whether the fat body secretes DG or stores @entity1718 as TG. The expression patterns of the acyltransferases suggest a role of the @entity5296 pathway in the production and mobilization of DG in @entity4079 fat body.

title: XXXX and @entity2366 acyltransferases and the synthesis of neutral glycerides in @entity4079 .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'M.  sexta']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity5296 :: ('CHEBI:17408', 'Chemical') :: ['monoacylglycerol', 'Monoacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5296 :: (CHEBI:17408,Chemical) :: ['Monoacylglycerol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report about initial clinical experience in radiation treatment of @entity189 of prostate with volumetric modulated arcs with the RapidArc (RA) technology. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with a median age of 72 +/- 3, affected by @entity263 (T1c: 22 @entity1 , T2a-b: 17 @entity1 , T3a-b: 6 @entity1 . N0: 43 @entity1 , N1-Nx: 2 @entity1 , all M0), with initial @entity7735 of 10.0 +/- 3.0 ng/mL, were treated with RapidArc in a feasibility study. All @entity1 were treated with single arc using 6MV photons. Dose prescription ranged between 76 (7 @entity1 ) and 78 Gy (38 @entity1 ) in 2 Gy/fraction. Plan quality was assessed by means of Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis. Technical parameters of arcs and pre-treatment quality assurance results (Gamma Agreement Index, GAI) are reported to describe delivery features. Early @entity137 was scored (according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Effects scale, CTCAE, scale) at the end of treatment together with biochemical outcome ( @entity7735 ). RESULTS: From DVH data, target coverage was fulfilling planning objectives: V95% was in average higher than 98% and V107% approximately 0.0% (D2% approximately 104.0% in average). Homogeneity D5%-D95% ranged between 6.2 +/- 1.0% to 6.7 +/- 1.3%. For rectum, all planning objectives were largely met (e.g. V70Gy = 10.7 +/- 5.5% against an objective of < 25%) similarly for bladder (e.g. D2% = 79.4 +/- 1.2 Gy against an objective of 80.0 Gy). Maximum dose to femurs was D2% = 36.7 +/- 5.4 Gy against an objective of 47 Gy. Monitor Units resulted: MU/Gy = 239 +/- 37. Average beam on time was 1.24 +/- 0.0 minutes. Pre-treatment GAI resulted in 98.1 +/- 1.1%. Clinical data were recorded as @entity7735 at 6 weeks after @entity138 , with median values of 0.4 +/- 0.4 ng/mL. Concerning acute @entity137 , no @entity1 showed grade 2-3 rectal @entity137 ; 5/42 (12%) @entity1 experienced grade 2 @entity3833 ; 18/41 (44%) @entity1 preserved complete or partial erectile function. CONCLUSION: RapidArc proved to be a safe, qualitative and advantageous treatment modality for @entity263 .

title: Early clinical experience of radiotherapy of XXXX with volumetric modulated arc therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to the high incidence of @entity4401 (IFP) and lack of clinical data regarding different aspects of disease, the present study investigated 121 Iranian @entity1 with peripheral @entity3541 referred to the emergency department. METHODS: In this retrospective study, all @entity1 with peripheral @entity3541 , referred to the emergency department of Poursina hospital, Rasht, Iran, from August 2012 to August 2013, were enrolled. For all @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity4401 variables such as age, sex, occupation, clinical symptoms, comorbid disease, grade of @entity912 , and the severity of the @entity3541 were reviewed and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. RESULTS: 121 @entity1 with peripheral @entity3541 were assessed with a mean age of 47.14  18.45 years (52.9% male). The majority of @entity1 were observed in the summer (37.2%) and autumn (33.1%) and the recurrence rate was 22.3%. The most common grades of @entity16 were IV and V based on House-Brackman grading scale (47.1%). Also, the most frequent signs and symptoms were @entity158 (43.8%), taste disturbance (38.8%), @entity7804 (15.7%) and increased tearing (11.6%). There were not significant correlations between the severity of palsy with age (p= 0.08), recurrence rate (p=0.18), season (p=0.9), and comorbid disease including @entity101 (p=0.18), @entity6 (p=0.29), and @entity407 (p=0.94). The @entity1 with any of following symptoms such as @entity158 (p<0.001), taste disturbance (p<0.001), increased tearing (p=0.03), and @entity7804 (p<0.001) have more severe palsy. CONCLUSION: There was equal gender and occupational distribution, higher incidence in fourth decade of life, higher incidence in summer and autumn, higher grade of @entity16 (grade V and VI), and higher incidence of @entity158 and taste disturbance in @entity1 suffered from IFP. In addition, there was significant association between severity of @entity16 and presence of any simultaneous symptoms.

title: Report of 121 Cases of XXXX Referred to the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperacusis', 'hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's Palsy']


abstract: For a @entity1 with a @entity5 in the anal canal or with the inferior margin 5 cm or less from the anal verge an abdominoperineal rectal excision with permanent sigmoid colostomy is the only available treatment. The Turnbull-Cutait pull-through technique involved full mobilization of the rectum, complete eversion of the anorectal stump and pull-through of the colon, the excess of which was resected in the second stage of the operation, followed by suture of the @entity694 . Abdomino sacral resection has been practised by a few surgeons only. Abdominotransanal resection with sutured colo-anal sleeve @entity254 was the operation developed by Sir Alan Parks. In this operation the anorectal stump is not everted through the anus as in the Turnbull-Cutait operation. There has been a great revival of interest in low anterior resections with the introduction of the EEA instrument for stapling the colorectal @entity254 and there is still today a great enthusiasm for this technique. In an attempt to improve the results trial are going on at present to evaluate the importance of a J-configured neo-rectum constructed from the sigmoid or descending colon and stapled to the top of the anal canal or handsutured to the pectinate line after endoanal mucosectomy. Many @entity1 with @entity189 are old and often suffer from intercurrent diseases such as @entity101 , @entity6 etc. There is considerable postoperative complication. An abdominoperineal resection with a colostomy is by no means outdated for an ultralow or low sited @entity5 .

title: Sphincter preserving techniques in XXXX and their limitations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic and rectal mucosa']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) is a promising method of anticancer treatment to bypass the blood-brain barrier. This paper is aimed to study drug transport under different @entity14782 operating conditions. METHODS: The convection enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutics to an intact and a remnant @entity1313 after resection is investigated by means of mathematical modelling of the key physical and physiological processes of drug transport. Realistic models of @entity1313 and its holding tissue are reconstructed from magnetic resonance images. Mathematical modelling is performed for the delivery of @entity3600 and @entity1311 with different infusion rates, solution concentrations and locations of infusion site. RESULTS: Modelling predications show that drug penetration can be improved by raising the infusion rate and the infusion solution concentration. The delivery of @entity3600 with @entity14782 is highly localised. High drug concentration only can be achieved around the infusion site. The transport of @entity1311 is more sensitive to @entity14782 -enhanced interstitial fluid as compared to @entity3600 , with deeper penetration into @entity5 interior. Infusing @entity1311 in the upstream of interstitial fluid flow leads to high spatial averaged concentration and relatively uniform distribution. CONCLUSION: Results obtained in this study can be used to guide the design and optimisation of @entity14782 treatment regimens.

title: Mathematical Modelling of Convection Enhanced Delivery of @entity3600 and @entity1311 for XXXX Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['Convection enhanced delivery', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination chemotherapy of @entity901 with @entity416 (XELOX)in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . METHODS: Thirty-eight advanced @entity356 @entity1 who received XELOX regimen during 2004-2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The combination chemotherapy included @entity901 as 2-hour infusion on day 1 and @entity416 po bid on days 1 to 14. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: XELOX regime was applied as first-line therapy in 34 @entity1 and as second-line therapy in 4 @entity1 . After three cycles of chemotherapy, the outcomes in 32 @entity1 who received XELOX as the first-line therapy included partial response (n = 8,25.0%), stable disease (n=14,43.8%), and progressive disease (n=10, 31.2%); no @entity1 achieved complete response. The median time to progression and overall survival time were 7.0 months (95% CI: 4.5-9.5 months) and 12 months (95% CI: 9.8-14.2 months), respectively. One-year and two-year survival rates were 40.6% and 23.7%, respectively. Grade 3-4 @entity137 including @entity1398 (10.5%), @entity882 (2.6%), @entity390 (7.9%), and @entity391 (5.3%)were noted in a few @entity1 . CONCLUSION: XELOX regimen can be effectively and safely applied as first-line treatment for advanced @entity356 @entity1 .

title: [ @entity901 plus XXXX for advanced @entity356 : report of 38 cases].

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: 1. Between 1989 and 1991, 121,708 @entity1 less than 10 years old attended 22 Accident and Emergency (A _ E) Departments in the UK as a result of an accident at home; 6,478 of these were cases of suspected @entity4968 . 2. Two hundred and fifty (124 @entity1 and 126 @entity1 ) of 6,478 cases involved pesticides. Forty two per cent of these @entity1 were thought to have been poisoned by rodenticides, 33% by a different @entity4968 , 13% by an herbicide or fungicide, 7% by creosote and 5% by mothballs; a pattern similar to that observed in previous years. 3. Fifty-seven of 250 @entity1 (23%) were admitted to hospital. The proportion of @entity1 admitted to hospital between 1989 and 1991 is smaller than that observed between 1982-1988 (37%). Forty-six per cent of @entity1 were discharged home within one day and 95% within 2 days, whereas between 1982 and 1988 only 35% of @entity1 were discharged within one day. No @entity1 died during the study confirming the low morbidity. 4. Using these data we estimate that between 1989 and 1991 approximately 1,500 @entity1 annually attended an A _ E Department in the UK with a diagnosis of suspected pesticide @entity4968 and that some 350 @entity1 were admitted each year.

title: Suspected paediatric pesticide XXXX in the UK. II--Home Accident Surveillance System 1989-1991.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning', 'animal poison']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increasing evidence indicates that enhanced intratumoral @entity342 synthesis contributes to @entity263 progression after @entity342 deprivation therapy. This phase II study was designed to assess responses to blocking multiple steps in @entity342 synthesis with inhibitors of @entity9667 ( @entity3102 ) and type I and II 5alpha-reductases ( @entity16503 ) in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity263 were continued on gonadal suppression and treated with @entity3102 (400 mg thrice daily), @entity701 (30 mg/AM, 10 mg/PM), and @entity16503 (0.5 mg/d). RESULTS: @entity1486 response rate (> or =50% decline) was 56% (32 of 57; 95% confidence interval, 42.4-69.3%); the median duration of response was 20 months. In @entity1 with measurable disease, 6 of 20 (30%) responded by the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . Median duration of treatment was 8 months; 9 @entity1 remained on therapy with treatment durations censored at 18 to 32 months. Median time to progression was 14.5 months. Grade 3 @entity137 occurred in 32% with only one reported grade 4 ( @entity715 ) @entity137 . @entity9027 declined by 89%, @entity2671 by 56%, and @entity251 by 66%, and @entity586 declined to below detectable levels compared with baseline levels with testicular suppression alone. Median baseline levels and declines in @entity9027 , @entity2671 , @entity251 , and @entity586 were not statistically different in the responders versus nonresponders, and hormone levels were not significantly increased from nadir levels at relapse. CONCLUSION: The response proportion to @entity3102 , @entity701 , and @entity16503 was at least comparable with previous studies of @entity3102 alone, whereas time to progression was substantially longer. Combination therapies targeting multiple steps in @entity342 synthesis warrant further investigation.

title: Phase II study of @entity342 synthesis inhibition with @entity3102 , XXXX , and @entity16503 in asymptomatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate', 'dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['dutasteride']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: We have performed a quantitative analysis of the amyloid load (plaques), @entity527 and @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) in the frontal, temporal and parietal association cortices of autopsied brains from 49 prospectively evaluated @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) diagnosed according to three sets of published pathological criteria. These @entity1 had been assessed clinically with psychological testing of cognitive abilities within 6 months of @entity204 . Correlations were sought between severity of pathological change and cognitive status before @entity204 , duration of disease and age at @entity204 . Using Khachaturian and CERAD criteria highly positive correlations were obtained between the extent of @entity73 and the density of @entity3072 in frontal and parietal lobes. The percentage area of cortex occupied by amyloid in the parietal lobe was correlated to the @entity73 only in the CERAD-diagnosed cases. The density of all amyloid plaques (AP) showed no correlation with the extent of @entity73 , but the densities of @entity527 did correlate with @entity73 . Both amyloid load and tangle densities were positively correlated with disease duration. All these correlations were reduced or absent in a subgroup of cases fulfilling the Tierney et al. A3 diagnostic criteria for @entity195 . We found no pathological measure that correlated with the age of @entity1 at @entity204 . Amyloid loads and @entity3072 densities showed highly significant but selective positive correlations, the most striking being between temporal lobe @entity3072 density and frontal and parietal lobe amyloid load and between temporal lobe @entity3072 density and frontal and parietal lobe @entity3072 densities. Correlations involving AP density as a measure of amyloid load were almost always less significant than those involving the percentage area of cortex occupied by amyloid, suggesting that the latter measures amyloid load more accurately. However, the highest correlations of @entity3072 densities were with @entity527 densities. Overall this study highlights the relevance of neuritic changes (revealed by @entity3072 and @entity527 ) and the irrelevance of amyloid plaques to the @entity303 of @entity195 .

title: Relative roles of plaques and tangles in the @entity303 of XXXX : correlations using three sets of neuropathological criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16282 ( @entity16282 ) is an autosomal recessive, early onset @entity75 characterised by @entity15206 , chronic @entity15206 , and negative serological investigations for common prenatal infections. @entity16282 may result from a perturbation of interferon alpha metabolism. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous with approximately 50% of families mapping to the first known locus at 3p21 ( @entity23604 ). METHODS: A genome-wide scan was performed in 10 families with a clinical diagnosis of @entity16282 in whom linkage to @entity23604 had been excluded. Higher density genotyping in regions of interest was also undertaken using the 10 mapping pedigrees and seven additional @entity16282 families. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate significant linkage to a second @entity16282 locus ( @entity126 ) at chromosome 13q14-21 with a maximum multipoint heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 5.75 at D13S768. The @entity126 locus lies within a 4.7 cM region as defined by a 1 LOD-unit support interval. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a second @entity16282 locus and at least one further locus. As in a number of other conditions, genetic heterogeneity represents a significant obstacle to gene identification in @entity16282 . The localisation of @entity126 represents an important step in this process.

title: A second locus for XXXX at chromosome 13q14-21.

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['AGS', 'AGS disease', 'Aicardi-Gouti  res syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['calcification of the basal ganglia', 'cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis']

answer: @entity15206 :: (MESH:C535607,Disease) :: ['Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome']


abstract: In the first experiment, histological changes of urinary bladder after long-term transvesical catheterization were evaluated in normal @entity35 . No malignant changes of the bladder epithelium were detected in the two and four-week catheterization groups. However incidences of @entity1185 and @entity1377 developed in three of the five @entity35 (60%) in the eight-week group. In a second experiment the therapeutic effect of continuous or intermittent administration of @entity1139 on @entity1494 in @entity35 treated with @entity17077 (BBN) was examined. @entity1139 at a total dose of four mg. was administered for two weeks in both therapeutic groups. Continuous infusion was performed transvesically using an osmotic pump and a @entity1346 catheter, on the basis that preliminary examination revealed the urinary delivery rate of @entity1139 was constant for two weeks. In the intermittent group, @entity1139 solution was instilled transurethrally with a venural catheter twice a week. The continuous infusion of low concentrated @entity1139 reduced significantly (p less than 0.02) the incidence of @entity5 development in spite of extended catheterization (for eight weeks) into the bladder. However, the intermittent instillation of high concentrated @entity1139 hardly inhibited the development of @entity150 . We should consider the optimal concentration and time of a drug in intravesical chemotherapy based on the above findings.

title: Effect of continuous intravesical infusion of low-concentrated mitomycin-C on XXXX in @entity35 treated with @entity17077 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity17077 :: ('MESH:D002085', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different procedures in the treatment of @entity9007 . METHOD: This retrospective review analyzed the outcome of 114 @entity1 with @entity9007 managed in PUMC Hospital from January 1990 to March 2002. RESULT: There were 25 @entity1 without intervention, the spontaneous resolution of @entity9007 occurred in 23 of these @entity1 during follow up. Twenty-nine cases underwent CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage; the effective rate of therapy was 67.85%. Surgical procedures performed in 60 cases and the overall mortality was 5% (3/60). The procedures included external drainage (8 cases) with 1 @entity204 (12.5%), excision (13 cases), cyst-duodenostomy (1 cases), @entity45 (19 cases) with 7 postoperative @entity360 (36.8%) and 1 @entity204 (5.26%), Roux-en-Y cyst-jejunostomy (19 cases) with 3 postoperative @entity360 (15.8%) and 1 @entity204 (5.26%). CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage has the advantage of minimal invasive and simple technique; it can be as an effective substitute method of traditional open external drainage. Although minimally invasive techniques offer a variety of treatment options, surgical procedures are still indicated for significant number of @entity1 . The incidence of postoperative @entity360 in @entity45 was higher than those @entity1 with Roux-en-Y cyst-jejunostomy, but most of them were not difficult to treatment, so @entity45 is still a simple and reasonable procedure for selected @entity1 . Excision is a correct choice for cases in which @entity9007 cannot be differentiated from @entity5 .

title: [Evaluation and selection of different procedures in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic cysts']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst-gastrostomy']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Substantial evidence suggests that high @entity413 (HG) causes endothelial cell damage; however, the potential mechanism therein has yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HG on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and its relevance to the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. METHODS: Primary @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were divided into three groups: a normal @entity413 (NG) group, HG group, and @entity7056 (1 microM)-treated (HG+ @entity7056 ) group. The concentration of @entity2178 in the supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay. Pathological changes were investigated using fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the co-expression of @entity2279 and fibroblast markers, such as @entity12848 ( @entity12848 ). The expressions of @entity12848 and alpha-SMA were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The treatment of HAECs in the HG group resulted in significant increases in the expressions of @entity12848 and @entity2178 in dose-and time-dependent manners. The incubation of HAECs exposure to HG resulted in a fibroblast-like phenotype, wherein increased microfilamentation and a roughened endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed in the cytoplasm. The expressions of @entity12848 and alpha-SMA were significantly increased in the HG group, and these changes were inhibited by @entity7056 treatment (P < 0.05). Double staining of the HAECs indicated a co-localization of @entity2279 and @entity12848 and that some cells acquired spindle-shaped morphologies and a loss of @entity2279 staining; however, treatment with @entity7056 attenuated the expression of EndMT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a novel mechanism in HG-induced endothelial damage via the mediation of the EndMT by @entity2178 , which was inhibited by @entity7056 .

title: @entity2178 mediates the high- @entity413 -induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in XXXX aortic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity12848 :: ('6275', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast-specific protein 1', 'FSP1']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan', 'Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Liver transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for @entity305 ( @entity305 ). We investigated cardiac autonomic function in 63 transplanted Swedish @entity305 @entity1 . METHODS: Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded between 1-17 (mean 8) months before, and 10-40 (mean 20) months after transplantation. HRV was analysed by power spectrum analysis, but only in @entity1 without @entity943 (n=38). RESULTS: @entity1 with moderate @entity299 showed a statistically significant reduction in HRV after transplantation, as compared to the pre-transplant recording. @entity1 with severe @entity299 presented unchanged HRV after liver transplantation. Twenty @entity1 were excluded because they presented @entity943 , five of these presented increased HRV after transplantation but had developed subtle @entity943 , thus, they had not improved cardiac autonomic control. Five @entity1 were excluded because they were pacemaker-treated. CONCLUSIONS: The reason why HRV decreased after transplantation remains unclear, but there are several possibilities: 1) liver transplantation did not stop the deterioration in cardiac autonomic function; 2) the deterioration continued until transplantation and was then halted; or 3) a @entity299 occurred in connection with the transplantation procedure. Nonetheless, this study failed to disclose any improvement in cardiac autonomic function after liver transplantation for @entity305 .

title: Cardiac autonomic function does not improve after liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['sudden reduction in HRV', 'cardiac autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unresectable @entity201 ( @entity201 ) carries a poor prognosis, and there are few chemotherapeutic treatments to prolong survival. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of drug-eluting bead ( @entity16905 ) therapy by transarterial infusion for unresectable @entity201 . METHODS: A prospective multicenter study of @entity201 @entity1 who received hepatic arterial @entity16905 therapy. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 were treated with @entity16905 . Ten @entity1 (41.6%) had recurrent @entity201 after prior radiofrequency ablation (n = 3) or hepatectomy (n = 7). Twenty @entity1 (80%) had received prior chemotherapy, mostly of @entity136 (n = 8) or Eloxatin (n = 6). The percent of overall liver involvement was < 25% (n = 8), 26% to 50% (n = 11), and > 50% (n = 4). Ten @entity1 (40%) had sites of extrahepatic disease located at lymph nodes (n = 5), bone (n = 2), peritoneum (n = 1), lung (n = 1), and mouth (n = 1). A total of 42 @entity16905 treatments were administered. Eight were administered in combination with systemic chemotherapy of FOLFOX (n = 4) or Gemzar (n = 4). Twelve @entity1 (48%) received a second treatment, and 4 @entity1 (16%) received a third treatment. The median length of stay was 23 h (23-72 h). Eleven adverse reactions (26.2%) were reported. Of these, 7 (63.6%) were minor (less than grade 3). One @entity1 died from @entity3182 . The disease of one @entity1 was downstaged to resection. After a median follow-up of 13.6 months, the median overall survival of a multitherapeutic regimen with @entity16905 therapy was significantly greater than chemotherapy alone (17.5 vs. 7.4 months; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Bead therapy is safe and effective in @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 . There is a marked survival benefit when @entity16905 therapy is used as adjunctive therapy.

title: Precision hepatic arterial irinotecan therapy in the treatment of unresectable XXXX : optimal tolerance and prolonged overall survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded small RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively, which is involved in fundamental cellular processes and the initiation, development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, we investigated the role of @entity4449 in the development of drug resistance in @entity43 cells. METHODS: Expression of @entity4449 in @entity43 cell lines A2780 and A2780/ @entity1311 were detected by stem-loop real-time PCR. A2780 and A2780/ @entity1311 cells were transfected with the mimics or inhibitors of @entity4449 or negative control RNA (NC) by Lipofectamine 2000. The expression levels of @entity1262 mRNA, @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) and @entity22046 ( @entity22046 ) proteins were assessed by real-time PCR and western blot respectively. Drug sensitivity was analyzed by @entity98 assay while apoptosis and the fluorescence intensity of intracellular @entity3514 ( @entity3514 ) were measured by FACS. RESULTS: The expression levels of @entity4449 and @entity1262 were up-regulated in @entity1311 -resistant @entity43 cell line A2780/ @entity1311 as compared with its parental line A2780. Transfection of A2780/ @entity1311 cells with the inhibitors of @entity4449 decreased the expression of @entity1262 mRNA and @entity1262 protein, increased @entity22046 protein expression, enhanced the sensitivity of A2780/ @entity1311 cells to @entity1311 , increased @entity1311 -induced apoptosis and the fluorescence intensity of intracellular @entity3514 . Expression of @entity1262 mRNA was increased while the sensitivity to @entity1311 was decreased in A2780 cells management with the mimics of @entity4449 . CONCLUSIONS: The deregulation of @entity4449 may be involved in the development of drug resistance, regulating the expression of @entity1262 / @entity1262 , at least in part, by targeting @entity22046 in @entity43 cells.

title: @entity4449 modulates XXXX / @entity1262 expression by targeting @entity22046 in @entity1 @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'taxol', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity22046 :: ('28996', 'Gene') :: ['Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2', 'HIPK2']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['MDR1']


abstract: Thirty-one herpes simplex virus type one ( @entity3307 ) isolates from 12 haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with persistent @entity281 despite @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) prophylaxis or treatment, were genotypically and phenotypically characterized. The relationship between drug susceptibility of the isolates and mutations in @entity1014 kinase (TK) and DNA polymerase (DNA pol) genes was examined. In all 12 @entity1 , @entity281 were due to @entity3073 -resistant, foscarnet-sensitive viruses. Out of 31 isolates examined, 23 were resistant and eight were sensitive to @entity3073 ; eight @entity1 carried viruses with frameshift mutations in the TK gene (due to addition or deletion of single nucleotides in homopolymeric repeats). These mutations were found at codon 61 (G deletion, one @entity1 ), 146 (G insertion, five @entity1 ) and 153 or 185 (C deletion, one @entity1 each). In four @entity1 , viruses were selected during @entity3073 therapy that contained novel @entity535 substitutions in the TK gene ( @entity23368 , @entity23369 , @entity23370 , @entity23371 , @entity23372 ). Their possible role in @entity3073 resistance was further confirmed phenotypically and by the absence of any resistance-associated mutations in the DNA pol gene. These substitutions were located in @entity855 - or @entity2353 -binding sites or in conserved regions of the TK gene. In addition, a single mutation, @entity23373 , in the delta-region C of the DNA pol gene, was identified in an isolate from a single @entity1 with resistance to @entity3073 . Our study confirms and expands previous data on genotypic changes associated with @entity3073 resistance of @entity3307 clinical isolates.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of XXXX -resistant herpes simplex viruses isolated from haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infections']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity23368 :: ('p|SUB|H|58|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H58R']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: Background and Purpose. It now appears clear that both @entity645 / @entity791 and antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use are associated with higher risk of @entity65 such as @entity64 . In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, the risk factors, and the cardiometabolic comorbidities of @entity64 in @entity645 / @entity791 Central African @entity1 . Methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study collected clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of black Central African heterosexual, intravenous drug nonuser, and @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 . Results. There were 54 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 , with a female to male ratio of 1.2 : 1. All were defined by @entity49 and oxidative stress. @entity64 was reported in 1 @entity1 , @entity385 in 17 @entity1 , and all @entity64 subtypes in 18 @entity1 (15%). Younger age <45 years (P = .003), @entity792 defined by IDF criteria (P < .0001) were associated with @entity385 . Conclusions. Clustering of several cardiometabolic factors, @entity792 , oxidative stress, and lifestyle changes may explain accelerated @entity731 and high risk of @entity64 in these young black Africans with @entity645 / @entity791 . Prevention and intervention programs are needed.

title: Relationship between Younger Age, Autoimmunity, Cardiometabolic Risk, Oxidative Stress, HAART, and @entity385 in Africans with XXXX / @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmunity (P < .0001), and metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: QUESTION: Does an advice and exercise program improve outcome for adults following @entity174 ? DESIGN: Randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. @entity1 : Fifty-six @entity1 whose @entity174 had been managed with pins and/or cast. INTERVENTION: The experimental group received a physiotherapist-directed program of advice and exercises. The control group did not receive any physiotherapy intervention. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was wrist extension (measured with a goniometer). Secondary outcomes were the other wrist ranges of motion (measured with a goniometer), grip strength (measured with a dynamometer), @entity158 , and activity limitations (measured with questionnaires). These outcomes were measured initially, then three and six weeks later. @entity1 also rated their satisfaction with physiotherapy intervention at Week 6. RESULTS: No difference was found between groups for the primary outcome of wrist extension (mean difference 6 deg, 95% CI -3 to 14), nor for the secondary outcomes of other range of motion data and grip strength. The difference between groups for @entity158 was -16 points out of 100 (95% CI -27 to -5) at Week 3, and -14 points (95% CI -25 to -3) points at Week 6, and for activity was -13 points out of 100 (95% CI -24 to -2) at Week 3; in favour of the experimental group. The experimental group was also more satisfied with the amount of physiotherapy intervention. CONCLUSION: An advice and exercise program provided some additional benefits over no intervention for adults following @entity174 .

title: An advice and exercise program has some benefits over natural recovery after XXXX : a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'distal radius fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fracture']


abstract: Penetrating @entity130 of the neck has been divided into three anatomic locations. Zone III, the subject of this paper, is defined as the area between the base of the skull and the lower border of the mandible. Management of these injuries remains problematic. Clinical assessment may be misleading, exploration may damage surrounding @entity531 , and injuries may go undetected. This has led us and others to advocate mandatory angiography before any surgical exploration. This report reviews 46 @entity1 with @entity130 with respect to types of injuries, therapy and outcome. Angiography was normal in 22 @entity1 who were treated conservatively with no complications. The remaining 24 @entity1 sustained 39 @entity1317 diagnosed by contrast studies. Eighteen internal carotid injuries were identified in 16 @entity1 . At operation ligation was performed in four @entity1 and revascularization in two @entity1 . One of the repairs subsequently thrombosed. Ten @entity1 were managed nonoperatively by observation (seven @entity1 ) or angiographic embolization (three @entity1 ). Catheter embolization of the external carotid or its branches was performed to control @entity548 (eight vessels) or close @entity2548 (two @entity1 ). Seven nonbleeding external vessels were successfully managed by observation. Two vertebral artery injuries were diagnosed. One required proximal embolization and distal ligation via occipital craniectomy to control a fistula between the vertebral artery and the jugular vein. Overall mortality was 8.6%. Three of the four deaths were in @entity1 with @entity51 on admission. Another died of @entity1576 . An @entity3728 resulting in @entity1269 was the only complication of the angiographic studies. We conclude that angiography is essential in @entity135 . It facilitates triage decisions and, combined with transcatheter embolization, enables the majority of these injuries to be managed without surgical exploration.

title: The management of XXXX caused by penetration of zone III of the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['air embolism']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Zone III neck wounds']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Zone III injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injuries']


abstract: V.H., a 68-year-old right-handed @entity1 , presented with a progressive deterioration in her ability to recognize faces of familiar @entity1 , including friends and relatives. Neuropsychological testing on two occasions separated by 9 months indicated no deterioration in general intellectual ability from estimates of her pre-morbid IQ (in the high average range), and little or no change in memory, language, perceptual or executive functioning. She is severely impaired on tests of face recognition and has shown some deterioration between testing occasions. In contrast, face perception skills, including emotional expression analysis, appear to be intact. Her knowledge of @entity1 from names was originally much better than from faces, but clearly declined on follow-up. This progression is discussed in the context of contemporary models of face processing: we suggest that her prosopagnosic deficit began as a modality-specific disorder which has progressed to a cross-modality loss of @entity1 -based semantic knowledge. In addition, she shows a striking dissociation between her ability to recognize faces and unique exemplars from other categories, such as buildings and flowers, which confirms the hypothesis that face processing is indeed special. Scanning by SPECT and MRI revealed selective hypoperfusion and @entity194 , respectively, of the anterior part of the right temporal lobe. In recent years there have been a number of descriptions of progressive @entity13523 resulting from @entity194 of the left temporal lobe. This case appears to represent a corresponding degenerative process affecting the right temporal lobe.

title: Progressive prosopagnosia associated with selective right temporal XXXX . A new syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['fluent aphasia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['lobe atrophy']