abstract: We have developed high-throughput tests for the detection of the @entity2690 gene region SNPs -23HphI and -2221MspI. The potential of these markers to enhance the efficiency of type 1 @entity6 risk screening was then evaluated by analyzing them in Finnish and Swedish populations. Blood spots on filter paper were analyzed using PCR followed by sequence-specific hybridization and time-resolved fluorometry reading. Distribution of the genotypes at both positions differed significantly among the affected @entity1 compared to the controls. The risk genotypes (CC, @entity5066 ) were significantly more common in Finland than in Sweden, both among @entity1 and controls. The VNTR genotype homozygous for the protective class III alleles showed a significantly stronger protective effect than the heterozygote (p=0.02). Analyzing both SNPs enabled the detection of VNTR class III subclasses IIIA and IIIB. The observed significance between effects of the protective genotypes was due to the strong protective effect of the IIIA/IIIA genotype. IIIA/IIIA was the only genotype with significant discrepancy between protective effects compared to the other class III genotypes. These observations suggest that heterogeneity between the protective @entity2690 lineages could exist, and analyzing both -23HphI and -2221MspI would thus potentially enhance the sensitivity and specificity of type 1 @entity6 risk estimation.

title: Two @entity2690 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 1 XXXX risk in the Finnish and Swedish populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) in 12-lead surface-ECG and QT-dynamics in Holter-ECG, defined as the time-course of the frequency corrected QT-interval (mQTc), were determined in 42 @entity1 with @entity453 in chronic postinfarction stadium without @entity1165 (CAD/VTA-) and in 24 CAD @entity1 with @entity1165 (CAD/VTA+). 14 healthy volunteers served as control group (CG). Correlations with hemodynamic data (LVEF, severity of CAD) and with other risk-parameters (ventricular late potentials, short-time heart rate variability) were calculated. @entity1162 in CAD/VTA-was significantly higher compared to CG (48.4 ms+/- 19.6 vs 31.4 ms +/- 9.8, p < 0.05). There were no intergroup differences in QT-dynamics. CAD/VTA+ @entity1 showed the highest @entity1162 -values (59.5 ms +/- 31.1, p < 0.05 compared to CG/CAD/VTA0) and a significantly altered QT-dynamics compared to CG/CAD/VTA- (mQTc: 431.3 ms +/- 38.8 vs 400.8 ms +/- 25.5 vs 406.3 ms +/- l0.6, p < 0.05). Only parameters of @entity1162 were significantly correlated to severity of CAD (r = +0.41, p < 0.01) and to LVEF (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). We did not find significant correlations between the parameters of @entity1162 /QT-dynamics among one another and to the risk-parameters. These results indicate that the @entity1162 in CAD- @entity1 also in chronic post- @entity1188 stadium is elevated and that CAD- @entity1 with VTA are characterized by an altered QT-dynamics. Parameters of both methods are independent of other validated risk-parameters. So the measurement of @entity1162 and QT-dynamics as markers of inhomogenous repolarization could contribute to an improvement of risk-stratification of CAD- @entity1 .

title: [QT dispersion in surface ECG and QT dynamics in long-term ECG in @entity1 with coronary heart disease in the chronic post- @entity1188 stage with and without XXXX --correlation with other risk parameters].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-dispersion', 'QTD']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility of conducting a full scale study and compared the efficacy of exercise, spinal manipulation, and a mind-body therapy called Neuro Emotional Technique for the treatment of pregnancy-related low back pain, a @entity1643 dity of pregnancy. METHODS: Healthy pregnant women with low b @entity1 ain of @entity1643 set were eligible to enroll in the study at any point in their pregnancy. Once enrolled, they remained in the study until they had their babies. Women were rando @entity1 llocated into one of three treatment groups using opaque envelopes. The treatment schedule paralleled the prenatal care schedule and women received i @entity1 dualized intervention. Our null hypothesis was that spinal manipulation and Neuro Emotional Technique would perform no better than exercise in enhancing function and decreasing pain. Our primar @entity158 tcome measure was the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and our secondary outcome measure was the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Intention to treat analysis was conducted. For the primary analysis, regression was conducted to compare groups on the outcome measure scores. In a secondary responder analysis, difference in proportions of participants in @entity1 % and 50% improvement were calculated. Feasibility factors for conducting a future larger trial were also evaluated such as recruitment, compliance to study protocols, cost, and adverse events. RESULTS: Fifty-seven participants wer @entity1 into the exercise (n   =   22), spinal manipulation (n   =   15), and Neuro Emotional Technique (n   =   20) treatment arms. At least 50% of participants in @entity1 nt group experienced clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms for the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. At least 50% of the exercise and spinal manipulation participants als @entity1 d clinically meaningful improvement for the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. There were no clinically meaningful or statistically significant differences between groups in any analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated feasibility for recruitment, compliance, safety, and affordability for conducting a larger study in the future. Spinal manipulation and exercise generally performed slightly better than did Neuro Emotional Technique for improving function and decreasing pain, but the st @entity158 was not powered to detect the between-group differences as statistically significant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT00937365).

title: A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of exercise, spinal manipulation, and neuro emotional technique for the treatment of pregnancy-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1017 at 3q26, 5p15 and 20q13 have been described in cervical precancer and @entity5 . We evaluated a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that detects gains at these three loci simultaneously as a possible biomarker for detecting cervical precancer. METHODS: Chromosomal copy numbers at 3q26, 5p15, 20q13 and the centromere of chromosome7 (cen7) in liquid-based cytology specimens from 168 @entity1 enrolled in the Biopsy Study were determined by FISH. The number of cells with >=  3 or >=  4 signals for a genomic locus was enumerated and diagnostic test performance measures were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Sensitivity and specificity values were determined for the detection of CIN2+ and/or @entity2784 . RESULTS: The median number of cells with >=  3 signals increased with the severity of @entity75 for each genomic locus (p-trend<0.02 for each locus). ROC analysis for the number of cells with >=  3 signals resulted in area under the curve values of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54-0.86), 0.67 (0.52-0.83), 0.67 (0.51-0.83) and 0.78 (0.64-0.92) for 3q26, 5p15, 20q13 and cen7, respectively, for the detection of CIN2+ and/or @entity2784 . Positivity for gains at multiple loci resulted in only slightly better test performance measures than those for the individual probes for four distinct combinations of probes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1017 at 3q26, 5p15, 20q13 and cen7 are associated with severity of @entity75 . Further studies are required to quantify risk stratification of FISH assays for cervical @entity5 screening.

title: XXXX measured in cytology samples from @entity1 with @entity5 screening results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal gains']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['Chromosomal gains']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since 1996, @entity455 are classified either as @entity5 or @entity600 . @entity7492 is the most common @entity5 . It is an endothelial cellular proliferation, stimulated after birth (10th day) which then slow involves. @entity2695 is a different kind of @entity2695 develops prenatally appearing fully grown at birth. @entity11278 ( @entity11278 ) generally involutes spontaneously while @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ) usually requires a surgical procedure. The clinical and radiological aspects of these two @entity5 differ significantly at birth. Most @entity2695 detected at antenatal ultrasonography, due to their cephalic localization and their size (up to 10 cm) are @entity11278 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report on five @entity5 detected in utero during the second and third trimesters, and after birth. RESULTS: There were three @entity1 and two @entity1 . The average size of the @entity11278 was 5 cm (1.8-10 cm). Four were cephalic and one on a lower limb. A doppler examination was available in three @entity1 , and showed fast-flow in two. Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging was available in three @entity1 . DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of @entity11278 can be suspected on the antenatal ultrasonography. Fast-flow on the doppler examination confirms the diagnosis. It is advisable to repeat the ultrasonography every two to four weeks to reevaluate the possibility of delivery and the fetal cardiac status. In the event of a prenatal @entity5 the differential diagnosis also includes other @entity5 . Magnetic resonance imaging would be indicated if there is any doubt about malignancy. Regular follow-up is necessary during the first months to confirm the diagnosis. @entity11278 regress rapidly while the size of @entity5 increases. A biopsy is necessary to obtain histopatholgical proof.

title: [Antenatal diagnosis of rapidly involuting @entity2695 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'congenital hemangiomas', 'NICH', 'Congenital hemangioma', 'non involuting congenital hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor', 'vascular tumors', 'congenital tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma', 'RICH']

answer: @entity11278 :: (MESH:C538458,Disease) :: ['RICH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the incidence of associated @entity8494 and @entity130 to the cervical spine. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, India. SUBJECTS: 536 @entity1 treated for maxillofacial @entity130 between January 1992 and November 1993. INTERVENTIONS: Review of hospital case notes and radiographs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coexisting facial and cervical spine @entity130 , morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 16 @entity1 (3%) had sustained both facial and cervical spine @entity130 . There were 14 @entity1 (median age 40, range 21-64) and 2 @entity1 (aged 19 and 30). In 10 of the 16 @entity1 the cause of the injury was a road traffic accident. In 11 @entity1 the @entity8494 was to the soft tissue only, in 4 it was to both hard and soft tissue, and in 1 it was to hard tissue only. Soft tissue damage to the midface was more likely to be associated with @entity130 in the area of C5-7 and that to the lower third of the face was more likely to be associated with damage to the upper cervical spine. 11 @entity1 had @entity51 as a result of their @entity130 and 2 died. CONCLUSION: If diagnosis and treatment of simultaneous facial and cervical spine @entity130 are to be improved, further study of the biomechanics of injury is necessary.

title: @entity130 in maxillofacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injury', 'facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors that were associated with @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1 with clinical nodal negative differentiated @entity259 (cN0 DTC) after prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND). The influence of pCND on TNM staging and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in @entity1 with cN0 DTC was also evaluated in our study. METHODS: A total of 153  cN0 DTC @entity1 in Guangdong general hospital who underwent thyroidectomy with pCND from March  2014 to October  2014 were enrolled in this study. The relations of @entity1600 with clinicopathologic characteristics of cN0 DTC were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The influence of pCND on migration of TNM staging and @entity4557 in cN0 DTC was observed. RESULTS: In the present study, @entity1600 was found in 42.5% (65 of 153  cases) of @entity1 with cN0 DTC. On univariate analysis, the age less than 45  years old, @entity5 size more than 2cm, pT staging, and a total number of central lymph nodes dissected more than 3 were significantly associated with @entity1600 (P<0.05); however, gender, @entity5 affecting both lobes, multifocality, capsular invasion, and @entity2621 were not related with @entity1600 (P>0.05). On multivariate logistic regression, age<45  years (P=0.001) and a total number of central lymph nodes dissected >3  (P=0.002) were significantly associated with @entity1600 . Because of the identification of @entity1600 in the implementation of pCND, 15 (9.8%) of 153  cN0 DTC @entity1 were upgraded in TNM staging; all these @entity1 were older than 45  years. Fifty-six @entity1 (36.6%) developed higher @entity4557 (from low to intermediate) after pCND. CONCLUSIONS: For younger @entity1 (age<45  years), careful preoperative assessment of the lymph node status must be done; surgeons should consider this risk factor when deciding whether to perform pCND. Thorough lymphadenectomy in the implementation of pCND can avoid residual @entity1600 and help to increase the incidence of @entity1600 . pCND can indentify occult @entity1600 which allows more precise TNM staging (for @entity1 with age>= 45  years) and @entity4557 .

title: Evaluating the influence of prophylactic central neck dissection on TNM staging and the XXXX of cN0 differentiated @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence risk stratification', 'RRS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['CLNM', 'lymph node metastasis', 'central lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4557 :: (MESH:D012008,Disease) :: ['recurrence risk stratification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge on the epidemiology of @entity173 in Spain is limited and somewhat outdated. Using computerized primary care records from the SIDIAP database, we derived age and sex-specific @entity174 incidence rates for the region of Catalonia during the year 2009. METHODS: The SIDIAP database contains quality-checked clinical information from computerized medical records of a representative sample of >5,800,000 @entity1 (80% of the population of Catalonia). We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all @entity1 aged >= 50   years, and followed them from January 1 to December 31, 2009. Major @entity3604 registered in SIDIAP were ascertained using ICD-10 codes and validated by comparing data to hospital admission and @entity1 -reported @entity174 records. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 2,011,430 subjects were studied (54.6% @entity1 ). Overall @entity174 rates were 10.91/1,000 @entity1 -years (py) [95%CI 10.89-10.92]: 15.18/1,000 py [15.15-15.21] in @entity1 and 5.78/1,000 py [5.76-5.79] in @entity1 . The most common @entity174 among @entity1 was wrist/forearm (3.86/1,000 py [3.74-3.98]), while among @entity1 it was clinical spine (1.25/1,000 py [1.18-1.33]). All @entity174 rates increased with age, but varying patterns were observed: while most of the @entity174 ( @entity572 , proximal humerus, clinical spine and pelvis) increased continuously with age, wrist and multiple rib @entity174 peaked at age 75-80 and then reached a plateau. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides local estimates of age, sex and site-specific @entity174 burden in primary health care, which will be helpful for health-care planning and delivery. A proportion of @entity174 are not reported in primary care records, leading to underestimation of @entity174 incidence rates in these data.

title: "Burden of XXXX in primary health care in Catalonia (Spain): a population-based study".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['non-hip fractures']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Managing symptoms and communicating effectively are essential aspects of providing high-quality @entity5 care, especially among @entity1 with @entity5 . The purpose of this study is to apply novel quality indicators to measure the quality of supportive care provided to @entity1 with @entity5 who died in a large university medical center. METHODS: Cancer quality ASSIST is a comprehensive quality indicator (QI) set that includes 92 symptom and care planning indicators, of which we piloted 15 applicable to @entity1 with @entity5 who died in the hospital setting. We evaluated medical records of all adult terminal hospitalizations with lengths of stay >= 3 days at one university medical center between April 2005 and April 2006. RESULTS: Of 496 decedents, 118 had @entity5 (mean age 60, 54% male). Forty-five percent received chemotherapy or radiation in the month prior to or during admission. During the hospitalization, 56% of the @entity1 spent time in the ICU (median length of stay 8 days), one in five received first-time hemodialysis, and 23% had a ventilator withdrawn anticipating @entity204 . The 118 @entity1 triggered 596 quality indicators of which 476 passed (QI level pass rate 80%, range 50-100%). @entity158 assessment and management were consistently performed; however, other @entity5 supportive care needed improvement: 26% of @entity1 not receiving @entity5 therapy who had @entity390 and @entity391 received inadequate follow-up, more than one quarter of @entity1 with @entity1353 had this symptom inadequately addressed, and 29% of @entity1 taking long-acting opioids were not prescribed a bowel regimen. Timely discussion of @entity1 preferences upon admission to the ICU or initiation of mechanical ventilation occurred in 64 and 69% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This set of quality indicators can evaluate the quality of supportive and end-of-life care provided to inpatients dying with @entity5 and identify aspects of care that need improvement.

title: The quality of supportive care among inpatients dying with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: Arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transplantation is often used to treat @entity75 of the femoral condyle of the knee. However, arthroscopic autologous osteochondral grafting to the tibial plateau has not been reported. We report the surgical technique and the clinical course of a @entity1 who underwent engraftment by this method. A 26-year-old @entity1 developed symptoms of @entity158 and catching in his knee. Arthroscopy revealed a deep @entity75 , 10 x 15 mm in size, down to the subchondral bone on the posterocentral area of the lateral tibial plateau. The injured cartilage was debrided using a curette and an abrader until normal healthy cartilage bordered the debrided defect. An osteochondral plug, 10 mm in diameter and 20 mm long, the chondral surface of which was orientated 25 degrees obliquely, was harvested from the most peripheral and proximal part of the lateral patellar groove. A bony hole was created in the center of the defect through the tibia using a core reamer. The osteochondral plug was inserted from the tibial window through the bony hole. To enhance the stability of the osteochondral fragment, bioactive ceramic fillers were used to fill the space below the plug. A second-look arthroscopy 10 months after surgery showed that the grafted osteochondral plug was well adapted and integrated into the surrounding cartilage on the lateral tibial plateau.

title: Arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transplantation for XXXX of the tibial plateau of the knee.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondral/osteochondral lesions', 'chondral lesion']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['chondral lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Unambiguous use and interpretation of rating scale data assume that response categories are interpreted and work as intended. This study investigated the stability of interpretations of commonly used @entity1 -reported rating scale response categories among @entity1 with @entity16 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity16 (26 @entity1 ; mean age, 57; @entity191 , 50%; @entity15 , 41%) indicated their interpretation of 21 response categories (representing frequencies, intensities and levels of agreement) on 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) at two occasions, >= 2 weeks apart. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation and weighted Kappa (ICC/  w ; should be >0.4), mean/median differences, percentages agreement (PA), and the @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). RESULTS: Most response categories had ICC/  w values <0.4. The overall average ICC/  w was 0.279/0.294 (frequencies, 0.224/0.255; intensities, 0.265/0.251; levels of agreement, 0.362/0.376). The mean/median difference between time points across all 21 categories was 0.43/0.5 mm (mean/median absolute difference, 3.36/9 mm). The overall average PA and @entity2246 were 6.5% and 16.1 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stabilities in interpretations of @entity1 -reported rating scale response categories among @entity1 with @entity16 were generally low. Categories expressing levels of agreement showed best results, suggesting that these may be preferable when appropriate with respect to the scale and its items. Future studies should consider response category interpretations in relation to various contexts. These observations suggest caution when interpreting raw rating scale data and argue for the use of modern rating scale methodologies such as the Rasch measurement model.

title: Stability of rating scale response category interpretations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'standard error of measurement']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few reports about the course of @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) @entity1 following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) compared with the course following conservative management (CM). In this study, we present prospectively collected data of 237 @entity1 with unilateral @entity5513 extending outside the internal acoustic canal who received either GKRS (113) or CM (124). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to measure the effect of GKRS compared with the natural course on @entity5 growth rate and @entity393 . Secondary end points were postinclusion additional treatment, quality of life (QoL), and symptom development. METHODS: The @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans, clinical examination, and QoL assessment by SF-36 questionnaire. Statistics were performed by using Spearman correlation coefficient, Kaplan-Meier plot, Poisson regression model, mixed linear regression models, and mixed logistic regression models. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 55.0 months (26.1 standard deviation, range 10-132). Thirteen @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Serviceable hearing was lost in 54 of 71 (76%) (CM) and 34 of 53 (64%) (GKRS) @entity1 during the study period (not significant, log-rank test). There was a significant reduction in @entity5 volume over time in the GKRS group. The need for treatment following initial GKRS or CM differed at highly significant levels (log-rank test, P < .001). Symptom and QoL development did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity5513 @entity1 , GKRS reduces the @entity5 growth rate and thereby the incidence rate of new treatment about tenfold. Hearing is lost at similar rates in both groups. Symptoms and QoL seem not to be significantly affected by GKRS.

title: Conservative management or gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity5513 : XXXX growth, symptoms, and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze own long-term results with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in @entity1 with @entity1653 of the cavernous sinus and to review the literature on these rare lesions. @entity1 AND METHODS: 57 @entity1 were treated with FSRT for @entity1653 of the cavernous sinus between 01/1990 and 12/2003 at the authors' institution. Histology was WHO grade I in 28/57 lesions, and undetermined in 29/57 lesions. 29 @entity1 received radiotherapy as primary treatment, ten following surgery, and 18 @entity1 were irradiated for recurrent disease. Median target volume was 35.2 cm3. Median total dose was 57.6 Gy with 1.8 Gy per fraction. 51/57 @entity1 showed clinical symptoms before radiotherapy like @entity227 (n = 19), @entity892 (n = 25), or trigeminal hyp-/dysesthesia (n = 17). RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 6.5 years. 50/57 @entity1 were followed for > 36 months. Overall @entity5 control was 100%. 39/57 @entity1 had stable disease based on CT/MRI, while 18/57 had a partial remission of @entity5 volume. Overall survival for @entity1 with WHO grade I @entity1653 was 95.5% after 5 and 10 years. Two @entity1 died 2.8 and 4.1 years after radiotherapy due to @entity712 . In 11/57 @entity1 , preexisting @entity51 improved. There was one @entity1 with recurrent hyperlacrimation of one eye on the side of the @entity1653 . Three @entity1 complained about subjective @entity227 after FSRT without any objective findings in an ophthalmologic examination. No late @entity137 RTOG >/= degrees III was seen. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that FSRT is an effective and safe treatment modality for local control of benign cavernous @entity50 with a minimal risk of significant late @entity137 .

title: Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy in the management of benign cavernous XXXX : long-term experience and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration', 'reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'irradiated meningioma', 'benign meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus meningiomas']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['sinus meningiomas']


abstract: Although the earliest feature of disseminated disease in @entity0 is regional lymph node involvement, little is known about the mechanisms whereby @entity5 cells interact with lymphatic endothelial cells and enter the lymphatic system. We have previously reported that the extensive presence of retraction clefts in @entity0 highly significantly correlates with @entity5 spread and predicts poor outcome, suggesting that retraction clefts are not just fixation artifacts, but real potential spaces that are exaggerated by tissue processing and may reflect an early stage of lymphatic invasion. In this study, we examined the correlation between the extent of retraction clefts and lymphangiogenesis, as assessed by lymphatic vessel density and @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) expression in a series of 256 early-stage @entity0 . The presence and extent of retraction clefts around @entity5 cell nests was determined by review of all @entity1710 - and @entity1711 -stained @entity5 sections. Lymphatic vessels were detected by podoplanin immunohistochemistry and lymphatic vessel density was measured using the hot-spot method. The expression of @entity9961 in the @entity5 cells was determined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed semiquantitatively on a four-tiered scale. High levels of retraction clefts, peritumor lymphatic vessel density and @entity9961 expression at the invasive edge in @entity0 significantly correlated with @entity5 size, histological grade, lymphatic invasion and nodal @entity3 . @entity0 showing extensive retraction clefts (>20% of @entity5 volume) were found to have significantly higher lymphatic vessel density and @entity9961 expression levels compared to @entity5 without this feature. High retraction clefts, peritumor lymphatic vessel density and @entity9961 expression predicted poor outcome in @entity0 . Our results support the hypothesis that retraction clefts are real potential spaces that may represent 'pre-lymphatic spaces' facilitating initial lymphatic invasion and that growth factors secreted by the @entity5 cells may stimulate @entity5 -associated lymphangiogenesis by promoting the endothelialization of these 'pre-lymphatic channels'.

title: The extent of retraction clefts correlates with lymphatic vessel density and XXXX expression and predicts nodal @entity3 and poor prognosis in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast carcinomas', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'lymphatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-C', 'VEGF-C']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity9961 :: (7424,Gene) :: ['VEGF-C']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity28 - @entity565 phenotype has become an increasingly common situation in our clinical practice. The mechanisms behind poor @entity565 control in subjects who are @entity28 remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effect of @entity28 on @entity565 control in a group of adult @entity1 Method: Subjects who had been diagnosed as having @entity565 and who were admitted to our clinic were included to this study. Body mass index (BMI) and @entity565 control status of the @entity1 were evaluated. BMI values at the time of diagnosis were also collected from the @entity1 files, and the difference between basal and current BMI values were calculated. The effect of @entity28 and @entity1017 on @entity565 control was investigated. RESULTS: The study population was composed of 218 @entity1 (29 @entity1 , 189 @entity1 ), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 52.01    11.6 years. Fifty-four percent of the @entity1 were @entity28 , 27.5% were overweight, and 18.3% were of normal weight. The baseline and current BMI values were higher in @entity1 than in the @entity1 . BMI increased with the increase in age or disease duration. Asthma control was poor in the @entity1 who were @entity28 and overweight despite optimal treatment. Moreover, @entity565 control was worse in @entity1 who gained weight during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found a significant relationship between @entity28 and @entity565 control. In addition, @entity1017 and being nonatopic also was found to worsen @entity565 control. In light of our finding that @entity1017 led to a decrease in @entity565 control, we suggest that @entity353 may improve the course of @entity565 .

title: Obesity- @entity565 phenotype: Effect of XXXX on @entity565 control in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Recently, active remodeling may indicate a good prognosis in @entity16058 . In this study we sought to validate the importance of the collagen/elastic system in the extracellular matrix remodeling and to study the relationships between the collagen/elastic system in @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) and @entity1413 ( @entity1413 ). We examined collagen/elastic system fibers in open lung biopsies of 20 idiopathic @entity16058 and 21 @entity1413 @entity1 . The clinical features were analyzed with respect to age, gender, pulmonary functional tests, chest X-ray and computed tomography, treatment, and survival. We used the picrosirius polarization method and Weigert's resorcin- @entity7661 histochemistry and morphometric analysis to evaluate the amount of collagen/elastic system fibers and their association with the @entity16058 histologic pattern. No differences in clinical features and pulmonary function tests were observed between idiopathic @entity16058 and @entity1413 , but a significantly higher collagen and elastic fiber proliferation was detected in @entity1413 lungs and fibrosing @entity16058 histologic pattern. Multivariate Cox model analysis demonstrated that sex and quantitative elastic fiber staining added important prognostic information (p=0.01) and was indicative of a worse prognosis than collagen staining. A cut point at the mean staining of 1.5% for elastic fibers divided the @entity1 into two groups with distinctive survival times. Those with elastic fibers greater than 1.5% had a median survival time of just 52 months. We concluded that idiopathic @entity16058 and @entity1413 were clinically similar but pathologically different, suggesting that different remodeling profiles in @entity16058 may represent evolutionary adapted responses to injury grade, which depend, at least in part, on the extent of elastic extracellular matrix deposition. @entity1 with greater than 1.5% of elastic fibers comprise a subset with a high risk for dying due to @entity16058 and may be an appropriate target for prospective studies.

title: Idiopathic and XXXX nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: clinical significance of remodeling process.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['CVD-NSIP', 'collagen vascular disease associated with nonspecific interstitial idiopathic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'nonspecific interstitial idiopathic pneumonia', 'NSIP']

answer: @entity1413 :: (MESH:D003095,Disease) :: ['collagen vascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SBRT, SABR) is being increasingly applied because of its high local efficacy, e.g., for small @entity2 . However, the optimum dosage is still under discussion. Here, we report data on 45 lung lesions [ @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or @entity3 ] in 39 @entity1 treated between 2009 and 2010 by SABR. @entity1 AND METHODS: SABR was performed with total doses of 35  Gy (5 fractions) or 37.5  Gy (3 fractions) prescribed to the 60% isodose line encompassing the planning target volume. Three-monthly follow-up CT scans were supplemented by FDG-PET/CT if clinically indicated. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17  months. Local progression-free survival rates were 90.5% (all @entity1 ), 95.0% ( @entity1149 ), and 81.8% ( @entity3 ) at 1  year. At 2  years, the respective local progression-free survival rates were 80.5%, 95.0%, and 59.7%. Overall survival rates were 71.1% (all @entity1 ), 65.4% ( @entity1149 ), and 83.3% ( @entity3 ) at 1  year. Overall survival rates at 2  years were 52.7%, 45.9%, and 66.7%, respectively. Acute side effects were mild. CONCLUSION: With the moderate dose schedule used, well-tolerated SABR led to favorable @entity5 control as in other published series. Standardization in reporting the dose prescription for SABR is needed to allow comparison of different series in order to determine optimum dosage.

title: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for small XXXX with a moderate dose. Favorable results and low toxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: We investigated the effect of a static stretching device on @entity508 and motor function for @entity1 with chronic @entity1269 following @entity64 . Ten @entity1 with chronic @entity1269 following @entity64 who had severe @entity508 and @entity425 of the affected wrist and hand were recruited. The stretching device consisted of a resting hand splint, a finger and thumb stretching system, and a frame. The stretched state was maintained for 10 minutes/session, and the static stretching program was performed for 2 sessions/day and 7 days/week for 4 weeks. Spasticity and motor function of the affected wrist and hand were assessed three times with intervals of 4 weeks (twice [Pre-1, Pre-2] before and once [Post-1] after starting the static stretching program). The effect of the static stretching device was assessed using @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) scores, by measuring active range of motion (AROM), and using the wrist and hand subsection of the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA). The main effects of the static stretching program on @entity2653 scores for wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and FMA scores were significant. AROMs of MCPs and wrist showed an increase, however, no significant main effects of the static stretching program were observed. @entity2653 in flexor muscles of MCP joints showed a significant decreased from Pre-2 (mean    standard deviation (SD): 2.56    0.55; median and interquartile range (IQR): 2.42, 2.12-3.08) to Post-1 (mean    SD: 1.05    0.49; median and IQR: 1.08, 0.87-1.50) (P < 0.001), and @entity2653 in wrist flexor muscles also showed a significant decrease from Pre-2 (mean    SD: 3.20    0.78; median and IQR: 3.0, 2.75-4.0) to Post-1 (mean    SD: 1.90    0.73; median and IQR: 2.0, 1.0-2.5) (P < 0.001). FMA score also showed a significant increase from Pre-2 (11.3    6.09) to Post-1 (14.5    6.20) (P < 0.001). It was found that the static stretching device effectively relieved @entity508 and improved motor function in subjects with severe @entity508 and @entity425 following @entity64 .

title: Improvements in XXXX and motor function using a static stretching device for @entity1 with chronic @entity1269 following @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['modified Ashworth scale', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete weakness']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 face a high risk of @entity65 and mortality. In these @entity1 a whole cluster of cardiovascular risk factors is found, with insulin resistance being the most significant. @entity12721 , in activating the @entity6864 , lower the insulin resistance. The two @entity12721 available at present, @entity12098 and @entity6170 , do not differ in their effects on insulin resistance or @entity413 metabolism. They do, however, reveal very different effects on the @entity2299 that is characteristic of @entity6 , with elevated @entity1674 , low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherogenic small dense lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 . Inter alia, data from a comparative study show that @entity12098 improves @entity6 more efficaciously than @entity6170 . Despite similar effects on @entity4854 (HbA1c reduction by 0.6% and 0.7%), both @entity12721 differ significantly in their effects on @entity1674 ( @entity12098 -51.9 mg/dl; @entity6170 +13.1 mg/dl; p < 0.001), HDL @entity165 ( @entity12098 +5.2 mg/dl; @entity6170 +2.4 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and LDL @entity165 ( @entity12098 +12.3 mg/dl; @entity6170 +21.3 mg/dl; p < 0.001). LDL particle concentration was reduced with @entity12098 (n7.85%) and increased with @entity6170 (+12%; p > 0.001). Only for @entity12098 the PROactive study, a major outcome trial, documented a significant reduction of cardiovascular outcomes. The principal secondary endpoint of death from any cause, nonfatal @entity583 (excluding silent @entity583 ) or @entity64 was significantly reduced (16%; p = 0.027). The correlation of @entity2299 , reconfirmed by PROactive, and cardiovascular prevention is yet to be resolved. However, as long as the vascular protective mechanism of @entity12098 is not conclusively resolved, findings may not be transmitted to other @entity12721 . For these substances, results from major outcome studies are to be required that prove a reduction of the cardiovascular risk.

title: [Effects of @entity12721 on @entity2299 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX . Are all equally vasoprotective?].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'improved dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinediones', 'thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Opiate abstinence in the adult of many species, including @entity1 , alters autonomic function and motor behavior, and induces a negative affective state. The neurobehavioral bases of each consequence of opiate withdrawal differs. Little attention has been paid to the issue of drug withdrawal in @entity1 , although it is a common consequence of the maternal use of illegal and legal drugs. @entity1 @entity35 as young as 7 days of age that experience opiate withdrawal show an @entity6767 consisting of developmentally appropriate behaviors that differ from those of the adult @entity35 , including fewer autonomic signs. Unlike the adult, there are no data in the @entity1 on whether or not opiate withdrawal induces a negative affective state. We treated @entity1 @entity35 twice daily for seven days with either @entity1286 or saline. Pups were injected with @entity836 or saline and exposed to a novel odor. After conditioning, pups were given the option of spending time with the conditioned odor or in a neutral environment. Fourteen day old pups, but not 7 day old animals, chronically treated for 7 days with @entity1286 and conditioned with @entity836 , showed a significant avoidance of the conditioned odor. This suggests that a conditioned aversion had formed, a result similar to that shown for adult animals.

title: Precipitated XXXX withdrawal induces a conditioned aversion in the preweaning @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Infant', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of autoantibodies to heterogeneous islet-cell cytoplasmic antigens (ICA), @entity367 decarboxylase(65) (GAD(65)A), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 ( @entity2690 ) in first degree relatives of heterogeneous Brazilian @entity1 with @entity1723 (T1DM). A major focus of this study was to determine the influence of age, gender, proband characteristics and ancestry on the prevalence of autoantibodies and HLA-DR and -DQ alleles on disease progression and genetic predisposition to T1DM among the first-degree relatives. METHODS: IAA, ICA, GAD(65)A, IA-2A and HLA- class II alleles were determined in 546 first-degree-relatives, 244 siblings, 55 offspring and 233 parents of 178 Brazilian @entity1 with T1DM. RESULTS: Overall, 8.9% of the relatives were positive for one or more autoantibodies. IAA was the only antibody detected in parents. GAD(65) was the most prevalent antibody in offspring and siblings as compared to parents and it was the sole antibody detected in offspring. Five siblings were positive for the @entity9217 antibody. A significant number (62.1%) of siblings had 1 or 2 high risk HLA haplotypes. During a 4-year follow-up study, 5 siblings (expressing HLA-DR3 or -DR4 alleles) and 1 offspring positive for GAD(65)A progressed to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that the GAD(65) and @entity9217 antibodies were the strongest predictors of T1DM in our study population. The high risk HLA haplotypes alone were not predictive of progression to overt @entity6 .

title: Autoantibodies and high-risk HLA susceptibility markers in first-degree relatives of Brazilian @entity1 with XXXX : a progression to disease based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['IA-2A) and insulin (IAA)-and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II markers (HLA-DR and -DQ']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Recent studies of the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) reported that @entity1 who had every taken OCs increased their risk of dying from @entity299 , @entity64 , and other @entity65 ( @entity65 ) by more than 4 times. As a result, their overall risk of @entity204 was said to have increased by about 40%. The question that arises is what do these findings mean for the U.S. where OC use is widespread. About 60% of @entity1 of reproductive age are current or former OC users. About 7000 @entity1 aged 15-44 die of circulatory diseases each year. Applying the level of risk from the Royal College of General Practitioners study to the U.S. would mean that more than 3500 of the 7000 @entity204 are attributable to pill use. Even if the risk to former users is discounted, the Royal College data suggest that more than 2200 @entity65 @entity204 among @entity1 15-44 are pill-related. The studies of Christopher Tietze of the Population Council and Mark Belsey et al. from the World Health Organization cast serious doubt on the validity of the high level of OC risk reported in the Royal College study and on the applicability of the British findings to other countries. Tietze notes that mortality in the U.S. from @entity65 has been declining steadily among @entity1 of reproductive age and comparable @entity1 since 1950 and that the decline, since adoption of OC, has been steeper for @entity1 , in each 5 year age group, than for @entity1 . Applying the Royal College data on relative risk of OC associated @entity65 @entity204 only to current users, Tietze finds that the level of decline among nonusers would have had to be precipitous in the post-pill years as to tax credibility. Belsey's analysis concentrates on the applicability of the British findings to 21 countries based on vital statistics data. He finds no association in the 21 countries between OC use and changes in @entity65 @entity204 and concludes that vital statistics data fail to confirm the risks of increased @entity65 mortality that OCs are said to pose. Neither author makes the claim that OCs pose no additional risk to @entity1 of @entity204 from circulatory disease or that the risk is not increased with older age and predisposing conditions, particularly heavy cigarette smoking. In sum, @entity1 should be informed about the risks and benefits of each contraceptive method, but researchers should be cautious about assigning precise levels of mortality risk when their studies are based on small numbers of @entity204 .

title: Where are the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. To determine whether @entity1209 is reduced when @entity1875 is used for maintenance of anesthesia as compared to @entity5161 and to evaluate the costs and resource consumption associated with these two anesthetic regimens. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital--a referral center for endocrinologic surgery. @entity1 : 118 ASA physical status I and II @entity1 , aged 18 years and older, undergoing elective thyroid or parathyroid surgery. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received either @entity5161 (0.5 to 1.3% end-tidal) or @entity1875 (50 to 200 micrograms/kg/min) for maintenance of anesthesia. All @entity1 received @entity1875 for induction of anesthesia, @entity2900 or @entity3369 , @entity3810 , and @entity3575 . Prophylactic antiemetics were not administered. @entity282 was treated with @entity6058 , @entity3575 , or @entity1443 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Signs and symptoms of @entity390 and @entity391 were graded on a four point scale as 1 = no @entity390 ; 2 = mild @entity390 ; 3 = severe @entity390 ; 4 = @entity391 . Grades 3 and 4 were grouped together as @entity1209 . The combined incidence of @entity1209 was 54% over the 24-hour postoperative evaluation period. @entity1209 was significantly more common in @entity1 receiving @entity5161 than @entity1875 for maintenance of anesthesia (64% vs. 44%). In @entity1 (n = 87), the incidence of @entity1209 was significantly greater in those @entity1 who received @entity5161 than those who received @entity1875 for maintenance (71% vs. 42%). However, in @entity1 (n = 31), there was no significant difference in @entity1209 between anesthetic regimens (47% with @entity5161 vs. 50% with @entity1875 ). There were no differences in the duration of stay in the postanesthesia care unit, time to discharge from the hospital, or local wound complications ( @entity1410 ) between groups. The use of @entity1875 for maintenance of anesthesia was associated with an additional cost, relative to the @entity5161 group, of  54.26 per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery are at high risk for the development of @entity1209 . @entity1875 for maintenance of anesthesia, although more expensive than @entity5161 , reduces the rate of @entity1209 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity391 following thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['retching and/or vomiting', 'vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['Nausea']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transcutaneous ultrasound enables visualization of @entity456 but with a poor correlation to specific pathology. Ultrasound contrast agents in conjunction with contrast specific imaging techniques are increasingly accepted in clinical use. Up to date there are no data about the use of contrast enhanced sonography (CES) in a large series of pleural based @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2004 to August 2005, 137 consecutive @entity1 with pleural based @entity358 on B-mode sonography were studied by CES using a transcapillary second-generation contrast agent (SonoVue(R)). The following CES parameters were retrospectively evaluated. Time @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) of contrast agent after i. v. application was determined and classified as short @entity14782 (< = 6 sec) vs. delayed @entity14782 (> 6 sec). Extent of @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) was evaluated during the arterial phase (2 - 30 sec) and the parenchymal phase (1 - 5 minutes) by using the normal splenic tissue as an in vivo reference, and classified in reduced @entity14782 (anechoic/hypoechoic) vs. marked @entity14782 (isoechoic/hyperechoic) during both phases. @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) was classified as homogeneous vs. inhomogeneous. 60 @entity1 had histologically confirmed @entity5 due to central @entity2 (n = 31), and peripheral @entity5 (n = 29). 77 @entity1 had benign @entity456 including @entity55 (n = 32), @entity1151 (n = 20), compression atelectasis (17), and other benign @entity456 (n = 8). RESULTS: Malignant and benign lesions did not vary significantly regarding @entity14782 , @entity14782 , and @entity14782 . However, there were highly significant differences in the ratio of short vs. delayed @entity14782 and reduced vs. marked @entity14782 between the six disease groups. Characteristic patterns were short @entity14782 with marked @entity14782 in all compression atelectasis cases and in 62 % of @entity1 with @entity55 . Delayed @entity14782 and reduced @entity14782 was seen in all @entity1 with @entity1151 and in 62 % of @entity1 with peripheral @entity5 . Central @entity2 and benign nodules did not present with such specific patterns. No significant differences in @entity14782 were seen between subgroups. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary lesions are characterized by different CES-patterns of arterial supply as evidenced by @entity14782 and @entity14782 which depends on underlying causes, but CES does not allow to distinguish benign from malignant @entity456 in general.

title: Transcutaneous contrast enhanced sonography of the chest for evaluation of pleural based XXXX : experience in 137 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhancement', 'Homogeneity of enhancement', 'HE', 'to enhancement', 'EE', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural based lesions']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lesions']


abstract: of @entity1 attending our @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with acute @entity565 has increased from 3300 @entity1 /year in 1980 to 15364 in 2003. Short acting bronchodilators ( @entity3045 / @entity13265 ) administered in wet nebulizations, a resource consuming procedure, were our main initial treatment in 2002. To improve treatment goals, we switched the method of bronchodilator delivery to @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in 2003. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of this change in the bronchodilator delivery system. We compared 90 @entity1 with acute @entity565 treated with MDIs in December 2003 with a similar number treated with wet nebulizers in December 2002 matched for sex, age, height, and FEV1 on admission. Treated with MDIs resulted in significant reduction of length of stay in the @entity341 (median 3 vs 4 hs--quartiles 2-4.75 vs. 1-6 hs, p = 0.01) and an increase in the number of discharges in the first 2 hours of treatment (48 vs. 31% p = 0.03). Overall, @entity1 in the @entity4185 's group received 87% of the scheduled bronchodilator doses, while @entity1 in the wet nebulizer's group received only 37% of the prescribed doses. Although there was a trend towards better FEV1 at discharge in the @entity4185 's group, the difference was not statistically significant (78% +/- 17% vs. 73% + 17% p = 0.09). Percentage of @entity1 finally discharged from the @entity341 was similar in both groups (96 vs 94%). @entity1 treated with bronchodilators delivered by @entity4185 improved faster and had better fulfillment of treatment standards.

title: [Bronchodilators in acute XXXX : @entity4185 or wet nebulizations?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered dose inhalers']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics and neuroanatomical correlates of @entity227 after right-sided posterior cerebral artery (PCA) @entity1188 . METHODS: 15 @entity1 with acute @entity1416 were screened for the presence of neglect on a comprehensive @entity73 . Extra tests of @entity227 were also carried out on six @entity1 . To establish which areas were critically associated with neglect, the lesions of @entity1 with and without neglect were compared. RESULTS: Neglect of varying severity was documented in 8 @entity1 . In addition, @entity227 was impaired in 5 of the 6 @entity1 . Neglect was critically associated with damage to an area of white matter in the occipital lobe corresponding to a white matter tract connecting the parahippocampal gyrus with the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe. Lesions of the thalamus or splenium of the corpus callosum did not appear necessary or sufficient to cause neglect, but may mediate its severity in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1416 can result in @entity227 . Interruption of the white matter fibres connecting the parahippocampal gyrus to the angular gyrus may be important in determining whether a @entity1 will manifest neglect.

title: @entity227 after right posterior cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual perception', 'visual neglect', 'higher-order visual perception']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['battery of cognitive tests']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['PCA stroke', 'PCA strokes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['artery infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of Endobutton device in the treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without @entity1171 . METHODS: From January 2009 to January 2011, a total of 8 @entity1 with tibiofibular diastasis without @entity1171 were treated with Endobutton device. There were 6 males and 2 females with an average age of 34 years (ranged, 25 to 44 years). All the @entity1 with ankle injured history and @entity158 , swelling, ecchy-mosis were diagnosed by radiology and then operated with Endobutton device. The clinical effects were evaluated according to Baird-Jackson scoring system and radiological evaluated parameters comprised of tibiofibular overlap,total clear space and medial clear space. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 24 months,with an average of 12 months. Radiographic results were detailed as follows: tibiofibular overlap averaged (3.83 +/- 0.37) mm in preoperative and (7.46 +/- 0.14) mm in postoperative; mean total clear space (7.90 +/- 0.22) mm in preoperative and (3.39 +/- 0.07) mm in postoperative; medial clear space averaged (5.08 +/- 0.34) mm in preoperative and (3.16 +/- 0.07) mm in postoperative. There was significant difference above data between preoperative and postoperative one. The lastest Baird-Jackson score results: 6 cases obtained an excellent result, 1 good and 1 fair. The main score was (94.63 +/- 3.66). CONCLUSION: Endobutton device for the treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without @entity1171 has advantages such as simple and minimally invasive, no need of second operation for implant removal, recover the ankle function better and less complications, which should be popularized and applied to clinical widely.

title: [Treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without XXXX with endobutton device].

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fracture']


abstract: The septal region of the basal forebrain plays a critical role modulating hippocampal excitability and functional states. Septal circuits may also play a role in controlling abnormal hippocampal hyperexcitability in @entity302 . Both lateral and medial septal neurons are targets of hippocampal axons. Since the hippocampus is an important epileptogenic area in @entity1315 , we hypothesize that excessive excitatory output will promote sustained neurodegeneration of septal region neurons. @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) was chosen as a model to generate chronic @entity302 animals. To determine whether septal neuronal populations are affected by @entity410 , immunohistochemical assays were performed in brain sections obtained from age-matched control, latent period (7 days post- @entity159 ) and chronically @entity302 (more than one month post- @entity159 survival) rats. An anti- @entity2141 (neuronal nuclei) antibody was used to study total neuronal numbers. Anti- @entity37207 ( @entity1877 acetyltransferase), anti-GAD ( @entity367 decarboxylase) isoenzymes (65 and 67), and anti- @entity2227 antibodies were used to reveal cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, respectively. Our results revealed a significant @entity194 of medial and lateral septal areas in all chronically @entity302 @entity35 . Overall neuronal density in the septum (medial and lateral septum), assessed by @entity2141 immunoreactivity, was significantly reduced by approximately 40% in chronically @entity302 @entity35 . The @entity528 in both regions was mainly due to the loss of GABAergic neurons (80-97% reduction in medial and lateral septum). In contrast, populations of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons were spared. Overall, these data indicate that septal GABAergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to hippocampal hyperexcitability, and suggest that the processing of information in septohippocampal networks may be altered in chronic @entity302 .

title: Septal GABAergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to @entity2134 -induced @entity159 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['lessening of neuronal numbers']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['chronic spontaneous seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Univariate analysis evaluates the impact of a prognostic factor on survival rates, either disease free (DFI) or overall ( @entity3012 ). Since many of the factors are interrelated, it is difficult to predict the prognosis of an individual @entity1 . Multivariate analysis is therefore required in order to allow factors act together thus ending in the best possible combined predicting result. METHODS: A step-up procedure (Cox's Proportional Hazards Regression model) was used to include various prognostic parameters, relating to @entity1 themselves, to the @entity5 and to the treatment schedule followed. Two hundred and sixty-nine @entity0 Greek @entity1 , treated from 1981 until 1991 and with a median 12-year of follow-up are studied. RESULTS: Five factors were found to be significant for @entity1 DFI. In order of relevant importance, these were the number of infiltrated nodes, @entity5 size, postoperative radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and @entity1 age. Regarding @entity1 @entity3012 , @entity5 size, number of positive nodes, @entity1 ' age at entry and ER/PR status were the most important ones. CONCLUSION: Our long-term (12-year), single institution, single area results, suggest that, the prognostic factors for @entity1 DFI and @entity3012 are the same with those of series from Europe and USA. Additionally, they remain unchanged after long-term follow-up, compared to a previously reported short-term national-wide study from this country.

title: Prognostic significance of factors affecting disease free interval and overall survival for XXXX in Greece. A multivariate cohort study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pathology of their tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Stage II breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is a progressive and fatal @entity358 with  limited response to currently available therapies. @entity133 ( @entity133 ) cells act as progenitor cells in the adult lung, contributing to alveolar repair during @entity651 . However, in @entity2416 , @entity133 cells die and are replaced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In previous preclinical studies, we demonstrated that @entity133 -cell intratracheal transplantation was able to reduce @entity3794 . The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of @entity133 -cell intratracheal transplantation in @entity1 with @entity2416 . METHODS: We enrolled 16 @entity1 with moderate and progressive @entity2416 who underwent @entity133 -cell intratracheal transplantation through fiberoptic bronchoscopy. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of @entity133 -cell transplantation by assessing the emergent adverse side  effects that appeared within 12  months. Moreover, pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and disease extent during 12  months of follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: No significant adverse events were associated with the @entity133 -cell intratracheal transplantation. After 12  months of follow-up, there was no deterioration in pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, or disease extent. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that @entity133 -cell intratracheal transplantation is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity2416 . This study opens the door to designing a clinical trial to elucidate the potential beneficial effects of @entity133 -cell therapy in @entity2416 .

title: Safety and Tolerability of Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['ATII', 'Alveolar type II']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis']


abstract: Suppression of rheumatoid factor (RF) production in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) has been variably attributed to the use of remittive agents per se or to clinical improvement associated with their use. There have been conflicting reports with regard to the influence of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on serum RF levels in @entity309 . We determined IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels in paired serum samples (obtained at study entry and completion) from @entity309 @entity1 enrolled in multicenter trials with the Cooperative Systematic Studies of @entity627 program. After exclusion of the 14 IgM-RF-negative sera, there were samples from 30 @entity1500 -treated @entity1 and 52 placebo-treated @entity1 . Changes in IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels were weakly associated with each other. Significant decreases in IgM-RF levels were observed in the @entity1500 -treated @entity1 , but not in the placebo group. These changes were most significant in the @entity1500 -treated @entity1 who improved clinically. There were significant decreases in IgA-RF levels at study completion among @entity1500 -treated @entity1 who had improved clinically and those who had not improved clinically, but not in the placebo group. The contributions of clinical improvement and @entity1500 treatment to changes in serum IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels were examined using a logistic regression model. Changes in IgM-RF were strongly related to @entity1500 treatment and, to a lesser extent, to clinical improvement; changes in IgA-RF were related only to @entity1500 treatment. These results indicate that @entity1500 treatment per se decreases both IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels, whereas clinical improvement correlates with decreased IgM-RF levels only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Suppression of rheumatoid factor production by @entity1499 in XXXX with @entity309 . Evidence for differential influences of therapy and clinical status on IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To examine the prevalence and the clinical characteristics associated with normoalbuminuric @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in a general @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) population. METHODS: We included 94 446 @entity1 with @entity2175 (56% @entity1 , age 68.3  11.6 years, BMI 29.6  5.3 kg/m  , @entity6 duration 8.5  7.1 years; means  SD) with renal function (serum @entity1011 ) reported to the Swedish National @entity6 Register (NDR) in 2009. @entity8 was defined as estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR)<60 ml/min/1.73 m   and @entity633 as a urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) >20  g/min. We linked the NDR to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and the Swedish Cause of @entity204 and the Hospital Discharge Register to evaluate ongoing medication and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: 17% of the @entity1 had @entity8 , and 62% of these @entity1 were normoalbuminuric. This group of @entity1 had better metabolic control, lower BMI, lower systolic blood pressure and were more often @entity1 , non-smokers and more seldom had a history of @entity65 as compared with @entity1 with albuminuric @entity8 . 28% of the @entity1 with normoalbuminuric @entity8 had no ongoing treatment with any RAAS-blocking agent. @entity989 was most common in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity633 (31%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity2175 and @entity8 were normoalbuminuric despite the fact that 25% of these @entity1 had no ongoing treatment with RAAS-blocking agents. Thus, @entity8 in many @entity1 with @entity2175 is likely to be caused by other factors than @entity6 and ongoing RAAS-blockade.

title: Ongoing treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-blocking agents does not predict normoalbuminuric @entity8 in a general XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity14827 characterised by @entity4790 and progressive @entity303 . The mutation causing the disease has been identified as an unstable expansion of a trinucleotide (CAG)n. We have assessed the (CAG)n repeats in the @entity1 and controls in our population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the repeat region were carried out for 116 individuals: 10 were asymptomatic at-risk members from 5 families; 53 symptomatic @entity1 from various hospitals; and 53 normal unrelated Singaporeans. Estimation of the number of repeats was based on Metaphor gel electrophoresis, sizing using the GeneScan on ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer, and sequencing using the same equipment. RESULTS: Metaphor gel sizing generally gives an over-estimation, and GeneScan gives an under-estimation of repeat numbers compared with sequencing which is the gold standard. Of the 63 @entity1 and family members tested, 25 had one expanded allele of 40 to 54 CAG repeats and the other allele in the normal range of 15 to 30 repeats. One @entity1 had an allele in the intermediate range (38). CONCLUSION: The range of CAG repeats in the normal and @entity2033 alleles in our population is similar to those reported elsewhere. An accurate sizing can only be obtained with sequencing. For allele sizes in the intermediate range (37-40), sequencing should be carried out to confirm the carrier status of a @entity1 .

title: Trinucleotide repeat analysis of XXXX gene in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: The acute haemodynamic effects of seven different drugs were serially evaluated in eight @entity1 suffering from @entity120 of unknown cause. The following drugs were tested in randomized order: @entity594 , @entity11073 , @entity3044 , @entity3371 , @entity4770 , @entity11848 and @entity1242 . Only a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of more than 30% of baseline was considered a satisfactory response. Overall, the decrease in PVR ranged from 9 +/- 12% ( @entity1242 ) to 38 +/- 23% (prostacyclin). However, marked inter- and intra-individual variability in the efficacy of all drugs was observed, making cross reactivity totally unpredictable. The number of responders for each drug varied between five (prostacyclin) and zero ( @entity11848 , @entity1242 ). Conversely, a maximum of three drugs was capable of eliciting a response in an individual @entity1 , with only two out of eight @entity1 being total non-responders. A reduction in PVR of more than 30% (n = 16) was associated with a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (49.1 +/- 8.2 versus 39.4 +/- 6.4 mmHg) and a significant increase in cardiac index (2.5 +/- 0.6 versus 3.4 +/- 0.8l.min-1.m-2). Overall, none of the drugs tested proved to be clearly superior. However, because of marked inter- and intra-individual variability, the therapeutic approach must be based on trial and error and the evaluation of all drugs is indicated if one fails.

title: Drug-testing in XXXX with @entity120 of unknown cause.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From 1981 to 1992, 10 @entity1 with @entity20427 ( @entity20427 ) underwent surgical repair. The mean age at operation was 5.6 +/- 5.5 months, and the mean weight 4.6 +/- 2 kg. @entity154 were as follows: @entity1757 (7 cases), @entity215 (2 cases), @entity472 (2 cases), @entity118 (3 cases), @entity2461 (3 cases), @entity849 (1 case). Cardiac catheterization was performed in 8 out of 10 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had type I (proximal) defect, 1 had @entity154 and 1 had type III (absent aortopulmonary septation) defect. A variety of surgical procedure was employed. @entity20427 closure with hemoclip was feasible in 3 cases with small window. In 6 @entity1 , during a period of cardiopulmonary by-pass, a side biting clamp was positioned on the ascending aorta close the defect; the border of the window was divided leaving a flap of pulmonary wall on the left side to close the @entity358 was repaired by an autologous pericardial patch. In the @entity1 with type III @entity20427 , aortopulmonary septation was carried out through a transwindow approach. @entity154 were repaired in all @entity1 except one. Hospital mortality was 10% (1 case). No late @entity204 occurred. At a mean follow-up of 47 +/- 35 months 8 @entity1 are asymptomatic and 1 is awaiting for repair of associated anomalies. Conclusions. @entity20427 is a rare but nonetheless well identifiable @entity154 . Surgery is indicated as soon as the diagnosis is established, regardless of the @entity1 's age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A review of the literature and report of ten cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'Associated anomalies', 'type II (distal) defect', 'Intracardiac associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity20427 :: ('MESH:D001028', 'Disease') :: ['APSD', 'aortopulmonary septal defect']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['aortic defect; the pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity20427 :: (MESH:D001028,Disease) :: ['Aortopulmonary septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic noninfectious, nonallergic @entity2490 (NINAR) is a complex syndrome with a principally unknown pathophysiology. New technology has made it possible to examine differentially expressed genes and according to network theory, genes connected by their function that might have key roles in the disease. METHODS: Connectivity analysis was used to identify NINAR key genes. mRNA was extracted from nasal biopsies from 12 NINAR @entity1 and 12 healthy volunteers. Microarrays were performed using Affymetrix chips with 54 613 genes. Data were analysed with the Ingenuity Pathway System for organization of genes into annotated biological functions and, thereafter, linking genes into networks due to their connectivity. The regulation of key genes was confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In all, 43 genes were differentially expressed. The functional analysis showed that these genes were primarily involved in cellular movement, haematological system development and immune response. Merging these functions, 10 genes were found to be shared. Network analysis generated three networks and two of these 'shared genes' in key positions, @entity1639 and cell division cycle 42 ( @entity5605 ). These genes were upregulated in both the array and the RT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSION: Ten genes were found to be of pathophysiological interest for NINAR and of these, @entity1639 and @entity5605 seemed to be of specific interest due to their ability to interact with other genes of interest within this context. Although the role of @entity1639 and @entity5605 in upper @entity32 remains unknown, they might be used as potential disease markers.

title: Genes regulating molecular and cellular functions in noninfectious nonallergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ala is a unique landmark of the nose disposing aesthetic and functional properties. The head and neck area is the main site of appearance of @entity1489 . One third of them are located in the nose with an alar preponderance compared with other nasal subunits. Correction of @entity154 is a challenging reconstructive task. The keystone perforator island @entity1912 (KPIF) was introduced as an alternative in nasal reconstruction by senior authors. In the present case series, KPIFs' application is introduced into the alar subunit as an alternative, versatile, and reproducible reconstructive option, even for the novice plastic surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2014 to September 2015, @entity1 presenting with partial @entity121 ( <=1.5 cm) secondary to @entity5 extirpation sustained reconstruction with different types of KPIF. RESULTS: A total of 31 @entity1 (mean age of 72 years) were treated with various types of KPIF. The mean diameter of the defect was 1.14cm. The vast majority of reconstructions concerned a type IV KPIF (18/31 or 58.1%). Sometimes an upward alar retraction was noted. A minimal rim wedge excision was performed ( <=0.3mm) using counterbalancing correcting sutures. All flaps survived without any sign of @entity450 , whereas the rim healed uneventfully. The mean follow-up period was 6.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: KPIF was introduced as a single-stage alternative reconstructive option for partial @entity121 , completing author's experience with this @entity1912 into such a challenging and aesthetically critical anatomic area.

title: Keystone Perforator Island @entity1912 as an Alternative Reconstructive Option for Partial XXXX Up to 1.5Centimeters.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['alar defects']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness alar defects']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Thickness Alar Defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity158 relief effectiveness of oral @entity5018 and topical @entity12022 gel during colposcopy. METHODS: In a double-masked, randomized controlled trial, @entity1 who attended a family medicine colposcopy clinic received one of four treatments, 800 mg of oral @entity5018 , 20% topical @entity12022 , both, or placebos. Using visual analog scales, @entity1 recorded their @entity158 after speculum placement, endocervical curettage (ECC), and cervical biopsy. @entity1 were 18-55 years old, spoke English, and were not taking other @entity158 or psychotropic medications. Demographic and historical information was collected from each @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-nine subjects participated. Twenty-five received oral @entity5018 and topical @entity12022 (median @entity158 scores on a 10-point scale for speculum placement, ECC, and biopsy were 0.75, 3.00, and 3.38, respectively), 24 received oral placebo and topical @entity12022 (1.00, 3.75, and 2.63), 24 received oral @entity5018 and topical placebo (0.63, 3.75, and 2.25), and 26 received oral and topical placebos (0.75, 3.50, and 3.00). There were no statistically significant differences in @entity1 @entity227 scale scores across the four groups (statistical power, ECC = 0.74, cervical biopsy = 0.62). Younger @entity1 and @entity1 who had @entity158 with speculum placement were more likely to have @entity158 during ECC. Increased @entity158 during biopsy was associated with history of severe @entity1834 but no other demographic or historical factors. @entity1 overall reported ECC and biopsy to be mildly painful, with median scores of 3.5 for ECC and 2.75 for biopsy on a 10-point scale. The range in @entity158 scores was large, with some @entity1 reporting severe @entity158 (for ECC minimum = 0.25, maximum = 10.0; biopsy: minimum = 0.0, maximum = 9.0). CONCLUSION: Colposcopy is perceived as somewhat painful, but oral @entity5018 and topical @entity12022 gel, alone or together, provided no advantage over placebo in decreasing @entity158 .

title: Analgesia for colposcopy: double-masked, randomized comparison of XXXX and @entity12022 gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'patient', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue pain']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity12022 :: ('MESH:D001566', 'Chemical') :: ['benzocaine']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'colposcopy pain']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Suguira procedure is an effective non-shunting operation to treat life-threatening @entity548 from esophageal or @entity2312 . The goal of esophageal transection is interruption of submucosal varices, but this leads to high morbidity and mortality rates from esophageal fistulization. AIM: To evaluate a variant of this procedure in which the esophagus is not transected, but the varices are underrun from outside the lumen. METHODS: During the last four and a half years, we performed this modified gastroesophageal devascularization with or without splenectomy in 18 @entity1 as emergency treatment of @entity548 esophageal and @entity2312 . The data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Bleeding was controlled in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 with @entity1 's class C disease undergoing emergency surgery died during the early postoperative period. Rebleeding rate was 17% (3 @entity1 ). The overall survival was 72.2% (13 of 18). No @entity1 had @entity75 over a mean follow up of 30 months. CONCLUSION: Gastroesophageal devascularization with variceal under-running without esophageal transection is an effective and safe alternative to shunt surgery in the emergency situation.

title: Transabdominal gastroesophageal devascularization without esophageal transection for emergency treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal hemorrhage']


abstract: The biliary excretion of @entity2891 and @entity5505 was studied by endoscopic cannulation of the common bile duct, in @entity1 with @entity253 and in an unobstructed control group. @entity1 were given each drug prophylactically for 24 h before endoscopy and as a single dose at the time of cannulation. In unobstructed @entity1 biliary excretion of @entity5505 was passive. At the time of cannulation bile contained 10% of the peak serum concentration, rising to 20% 90 min later. @entity2891 excretion was active. At cannulation biliary concentrations were 200% of the serum peak, 900% at 60 min and 700% at 90 min. In obstructed @entity1 , bile sampled immediately at decompression contained neither antibiotic. Passive excretion of both drugs occurred rapidly after relief of obstruction and biliary concentrations were 20% of maximum serum levels at 60 min. Twenty-four hours later passive excretion had further improved, but the active excretion mechanism of @entity2891 had still not recovered. We conclude that obstruction impairs active as well as passive biliary excretion of antibiotics, that drainage is essential for the control of @entity295 in obstructed @entity255 , and that both @entity2891 and @entity5505 achieve similar and therapeutic concentrations in bile during the 24 h after decompression.

title: The effect of obstruction on the biliary excretion of XXXX and @entity5505 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['complete biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefoperazone', 'cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a method for the harvesting and storing of intact viable sheets of adult @entity1 retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS: Adult @entity1 RPE cells were harvested as intact sheets from 21 cadaver eyes, using the enzyme Dispase. The sheets were embedded in 50% gelatin containing 300 mM @entity969 and stored at 4 degrees C. The viability of the cells, as well as their ability to proliferate in vitro, was studied for 96 hours after harvesting. Light microscopy (LM), transmission (TEM) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) were performed to determine the integrity and ultrastructural features of the cells. Microbiologic culture of the harvested sheets was performed to exclude contamination. RESULTS: LM, TEM and @entity4653 showed intact RPE cells with well-developed microvilli, basal infoldings and intercellular connections. The initial viability of intact RPE sheets was 86%, with a progressive decline in viability with increased storage time. Cells harvested within 24 hours after @entity204 maintained greater viability than those harvested after 24 hours (p < 0.05). Harvested RPE cells were free of microbial contamination and rapidly proliferated when cultured in vitro. CONCLUSION: Intact sheets of adult @entity1 RPE can be isolated using the enzyme Dispase. The cells appeared suitable for retinal transplantation if harvested within 24 hours of @entity204 and maintained 82% viability for as long as 48 hours if stored at 4 degrees C.

title: Harvest and storage of adult XXXX retinal pigment epithelial sheets.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of @entity9992 ( @entity27268 ) was studied in 14 healthy subjects following hemp dust extract (HDE) inhalation (10-min exposure). Ten subjects were given 20 mg of @entity27268 or a placebo and then challenged with dust aerosol at 30 min post- @entity27268 inhalation. Partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves were recorded at least 30 min after exposure, and maximum expiratory flow rates at 40% of the control vital capacity [MEF40%(P)] were read from these curves. Significant acute reduction in MEF40%(P) were recorded after HDE alone and after pretreatment with placebo (p less than 0.01). There was considerable protection from a single dose of 20 mg of @entity27268 against hemp-induced bronchoconstriction although the acute reductions in MEF40%(P) were still statistically significant at 20 and 30 @entity1 postexposure. A group of 7 subjects was given 40 mg of @entity27268 or placebo 30 min prior to HDE inhalation. In another experiment this group was given 20 mg of @entity27268 four times daily for 2 days, and on the third day challenged with HDE. The protective effect of @entity27268 is a short-term one: somewhat less protection was seen after 2 days of four times 20 mg of @entity27268 /day than 30 min after a single dose of 40 mg. Measurement of airway conductance (Gaw) in 6 subjects demonstrated prevention of acute reductions in Gaw at low lung volumes (25% VC) in 4 out of 6 subjects. We suggest that inhalation of 40 mg of @entity27268 prior to a work shift might be considered as a temporary means of protecting textile workers against the constrictor effects of dust in their work.

title: Protective effect of XXXX against airway constriction induced by hemp dust extract.

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity9992 :: (MESH:D004205,Chemical) :: ['disodium cromoglycate']