abstract: BACKGROUND: Contact @entity1909 accounts for a considerable portion of outpatient clinic visits to dermatologists. The state of education in @entity5526 at the level of dermatology residency training in the United States has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the state of education in @entity5526 in dermatology residency programs in the United States. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of directors and chief residents of 105 dermatology training programs accredited by the American College of Graduate Medical Education. RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of directors and 74% of chief residents responded to the survey. In general, both sets of respondents gave concordant responses although responses from directors were more positive. With respect to didactic education, the vast majority of programs (> 73%) held lecture conferences on @entity5526 . Less than one-third included @entity5526 -focused journals in journal club conferences. A bare majority of programs (57% of directors, 53% of chief residents) identified a faculty expert in @entity5526 , with almost all experts conducting patch-test clinics and providing lectures on @entity5526 . Seventy-five percent of experts were members of the American Contact @entity1909 Society (ACDS). Although residents in most programs (> 78%) performed patch tests to diagnose @entity5526 , there were 14 programs in which none of their graduates performed such tests. Moreover, only 27% of programs had rotations dedicated to @entity5526 and/or patch testing. Finally, directors and chief residents predicted that most graduates will incorporate the TRUE Test and not the more extensive or customized patch tests in their practices. CONCLUSIONS: Several opportunities for improving @entity5526 education in residency programs were identified, including recruitment or development of more faculty experts in @entity5526 , creation of rotations dedicated to @entity5526 , and greater inclusion of @entity5526 -focused journals in journal club conferences. As the principal interest group for @entity5526 in the United States, the ACDS is the logical organization to spearhead improvement of @entity5526 education in residency programs.

title: Contact XXXX education in dermatology residency programs: can (will) the American Contact @entity1909 Society be a force for improvement?

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis', 'Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is the most effective antibiotic used in the treatment of @entity364 . It is generally thought that the activity of this drug results from its interaction with @entity12364 , the main @entity5068 of fungi membranes. However, @entity11015 also interacts with @entity165 , the major @entity5068 of @entity1 membranes, thus limiting the usefulness of this drug due to its relatively high @entity137 . The aim of the present work is to study the molecular basis of the interactions of @entity11015 with these @entity3150 contained in a @entity14146 film by using the monolayer technique. Two different concentrations of the @entity3150 in the film (13 and 30%) at an initial surface pressure of 30 mN/m were studied, which correspond to conditions found in various biological membranes. Four concentrations of @entity11015 in the subphase, ranging from a molecularly dispersed to a highly aggregated state of the drug were studied. Our results show that the monomeric form of @entity11015 interacts with the @entity12364 containing film solely. On the other hand, when @entity11015 is dispersed as a pre-micellar or as a highly aggregated state in the subphase, a very significant selectivity of its interactions between the two @entity3150 is observed which is shown in our experimental results by a difference of 8 mN/m in the surface pressure when @entity11015 interacts with @entity12364 as compared to @entity165 . We show that the activity of @entity11015 is most likely related to the micellar form of the antibiotic. In addition, we observe that upon increasing the amount of @entity12364 in the film, the insertion of @entity11015 is largely promoted, results that are discussed in terms of the molecular organization of the @entity3150 within the monolayer film. We show that these results provide a better understanding of the action of @entity11015 (activity/ @entity137 ) at the membrane level.

title: The effect of aggregation state of XXXX on its interactions with @entity165 - or @entity12364 -containing phosphatidylcholine monolayers.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin-B']


abstract: We have previously established that the @entity21123 transporter, which plays a critical role in the lipidation of extracellular apolipoprotein acceptors, traffics between late endocytic vesicles and the cell surface (Neufeld, E. B., Remaley, A. T., Demosky, S. J., Jr., Stonik, J. A., Cooney, A. M., Comly, M., Dwyer, N. K., Zhang, M., Blanchette-Mackie, J., Santamarina-Fojo, S., and Brewer, H. B., Jr. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27584-27590). The present study provides evidence that @entity21123 in late endocytic vesicles plays a role in cellular lipid efflux. Late endocytic trafficking was defective in @entity8811 fibroblasts that lack functional @entity21123 . Consistent with a late endocytic protein trafficking defect, the hydrophobic @entity6115 @entity13482 retained @entity38153 in abnormally tubulated, @entity165 -poor, @entity8811 late endosomes, rather than @entity165 -laden lysosomes, as in wild type fibroblasts. Consistent with a lipid trafficking defect, @entity8811 late endocytic vesicles accumulated both @entity165 and @entity4291 and were immobilized in a perinuclear localization. The excess @entity165 in @entity8811 late endocytic vesicles retained massive amounts of @entity38153 , which traffics lysosomal @entity165 to other cellular sites. Exogenous @entity1675 abrogated the @entity165 -induced retention of @entity38153 in wild type but not in @entity8811 late endosomes. Adenovirally mediated @entity21123 -GFP expression in @entity8811 fibroblasts corrected the late endocytic trafficking defects and restored @entity1675 -mediated @entity165 efflux. @entity21123 -GFP expression in wild type fibroblasts also reduced late endosome-associated @entity38153 , induced a marked uptake of fluorescent @entity1675 into @entity21123 -GFP-containing endosomes (that shuttled between late endosomes and the cell surface), and enhanced @entity1675 -mediated @entity165 efflux. The combined results of this study suggest that @entity21123 converts pools of late endocytic lipids that retain @entity38153 to pools that can associate with endocytosed @entity1675 , and be released from the cell as nascent high density lipoprotein.

title: The @entity21123 transporter modulates late endocytic trafficking: insights from the correction of the genetic defect in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8811 :: ('MESH:D013631', 'Disease') :: ['Tangier disease']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity8811 :: (MESH:D013631,Disease) :: ['Tangier disease']


abstract: We developed a procedure to detect the 7 point mutations at @entity2569 634 of the proto-oncogene @entity8958 , which is responsible for @entity259 ( @entity259 ). Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from normal and @entity259 -affected individuals belonging to a family with a history of the disease. The @entity8958 genotype for each individual was first established by performing restriction and sequencing analyses. Single-stranded target DNA was prepared by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 93-bp fragment containing @entity2569 634. The target was annealed with pairs of prelabeled stacking oligonucleotides designed to create appropriate 7- @entity377 gaps, which served as the sites of subsequent hybridization with glass-immobilized 7-mer probes. The target-stacking oligonucleotide duplexes were hybridized with DNA chips containing a set of eight 7-mer probes designed to detect the wild-type sequence and the seven point mutations described. We tested two sets of immobilized probes containing internal or 5'-terminal codon-634 single-base variations. Both groups of probes were able to discriminatively identify the mutations. The hybridization patterns indicated that the disease in this family was due to the @entity62284 mutation, in accord with the original sequence analysis. The hybridization-based mutation assignment was additionally supported by determination of the control homozygous and heterozygous hybridization patterns produced with synthetic targets having the normal or codon 634 mutant sequences. The effects of mismatch type and nearest-neighbor sequences on the occurrence of false-positive (mismatched) hybridizations are discussed.

title: Detection of mutations in XXXX proto-oncogene codon 634 through double tandem hybridization.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity8958 :: (5979,Gene) :: ['RET']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the healthcare experiences of young adults with type 1 @entity6 who access @entity6 services in rural areas of New South Wales, Australia. BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 1 @entity6 in childhood and adolescence is increasing worldwide; internationally, difficulties are encountered in supporting young @entity1 during their transition from @entity1 to adulthood. Consumers' experiences and views will be essential to inform service redesign. DESIGN: This was a qualitative exploratory study. METHODS: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 26 @entity1 aged 18-28 years living rurally, recruited through staff in four regional healthcare centres in 2008. RESULTS: Two key themes were evident: lack of access (comprised of transfer to adult services, access to health professionals and access to up-to-date information) and age-appropriate provision. The impact of place of residence and personal motivation crossed all themes. @entity1 contrasted unfavourably the seamless care and support received from paediatric outreach services with the shortages in specialist and general practice-based care and information and practical problems of service @entity1949 and lack of coordination experienced as adults. They identified a range of issues including need for ongoing education, age-appropriate services and support networks related to developing their ability to self-manage. They valued personal service; online and electronic support was seldom volunteered as an alternative. CONCLUSION: This was a first view of rural young @entity1 's experiences with adult @entity6 services. Reported experiences were in line with previous reports from other settings in that they did not perceive services in this rural area of Australia as meeting their needs; suggestions for service redesign differed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: New models of @entity1240 are required, to meet their needs for personal as well as other forms of support, whilst acknowledging the very real resource limitations of these locations.

title: Services doing the best they can: service experiences of young adults with type 1 XXXX in rural Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['age-appropriate service provision']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 can have serious consequences for both the mother and @entity1 . However, epidemiological data required to implement appropriate early prevention are still lacking in Malaysia. AIM: To investigate the prevalence of @entity308 within six months postpartum and associated risk factors among @entity1 in Sabah, Malaysia. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 2072 @entity1 was conducted in Sabah during 2009-2010. @entity1 were recruited at 36-38 weeks of gestation and followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months postpartum. The presence of @entity308 symptoms was assessed using the validated Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Logistic regression analyses were performed to ascertain risk factors associated with @entity308 . FINDINGS: Overall, 14.3% of mothers (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5-16.2%) had experienced @entity308 within the first six months postpartum. @entity1 depressed during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 3.71, 95% CI 2.46-5.60) and those with consistent worries about the newborn (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16-2.42) were more likely to suffer from @entity308 after childbirth. @entity1 whose husband assisted with @entity1 care (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.97) and mothers who were satisfied with their marital relationship (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.81) appeared to incur a reduced risk of @entity308 . CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of mothers suffered from @entity308 in Sabah, Malaysia. Screening and intervention programmes targeting vulnerable subgroups of @entity1 during antenatal and early postpartum periods are recommended to deal with the problem.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX in Sabah, Malaysia: A cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal depression', 'depression', 'Postnatal depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postnatal depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The homogeneity of the schemes for follow-up care after curative surgical treatment of early @entity0 is still a matter of debate in Germany. We investigated whether symptom-oriented follow-up is equivalent in terms of survival rates to conventional surveillance based on scheduled tests. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective, non-randomised, multicentre cohort study carried out between 1995 and 2000, 244 @entity1 underwent a conventional follow-up (scheduled laboratory tests including CEA and @entity2355 , chest X-rays and liver ultrasound). 426 @entity1 were monitored in a symptom-oriented manner (additional tests only in the case of symptoms indicating possible recurrence). Mammography, structured histories and physical examinations were done regularly in both branches. 1,108 @entity1 did not participate in the project. They represent 'real world @entity1 ', unaffected by the implications of a study. RESULTS: The symptom-oriented follow- up group produced results not inferior to those of the intensive one (p < 0.05) in terms of overall and relapse-free survival. Furthermore, no difference was indicated in terms of overall survival between study @entity1 and the 'real world @entity1 ' (p = 0.316). CONCLUSION: The results confirm that regular imaging and laboratory tests have no relevant effect on overall survival of @entity1 after curative primary therapy of early @entity0 and support the implementation of a symptom-oriented routine follow-up.

title: Symptom-oriented follow-up of early XXXX is not inferior to conventional control. Results of a prospective multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We used @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as a @entity3628 to investigate biological changes associated with an antiangiogenesis agent, @entity21926 , combined with @entity632 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with stage IIIB or IV @entity0 were treated neoadjuvantly with the combination of @entity21926 and @entity632 for induction therapy. The dose of @entity21926 (administered on days 1 and 4, every 3 weeks) and @entity632 (administered on day 1 every 3 weeks) were escalated in cohorts of three @entity1 starting at 110 and 60 mg/m2, respectively, for a total of five cycles leading up to mastectomy. @entity1 underwent serial assessment (pharmacokinetic sampling, biopsy of @entity0 blood flow dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, plasma angiogenesis, and endothelial cell damage markers) prior to treatment, at the end of cycles no. 2 and no. 5, and after mastectomy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled; @entity1398 was dose-limiting, and overall median survival was not reached (50 months of study follow-up). Four @entity1 (22%) experienced @entity712 , which resolved and were likely attributable to a smaller volume of distribution and higher Cmax of @entity632 in combination with @entity21926 . We did observe a significant decline in @entity5 blood flow using Kep calculated by @entity35621 (pretreatment versus post-cycle no. 5; P = 0.033), trend for a decline in @entity5 microvessel density after treatment, and low baseline levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule were associated with improved event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed evidence of an unfavorable cardiac interaction between @entity21926 and @entity632 , which prohibits further investigation of this combination. However, this study supports the importance of using @entity0 as a model for investigating angiogenesis inhibitors.

title: XXXX as a @entity3628 to study @entity5 angiogenesis: results of a phase IB trial of combination @entity21926 and @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, tumor', 'IBC', 'inflammatory breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['model disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Absolute blood pressure (BP) values are not the only causes of adverse cardiovascular consequences. BP variability ( @entity15882 ) has also been demonstrated to be a predictor of mortality for cardiovascular events; however, its determinants are still unknown. This study considers 426 subjects with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) measuring 24-h, diurnal and nocturnal absolute BP values and their standard deviations of the mean, along with nocturnal fall, age, sex and current treatment. @entity1 were divided in two subgroups, controlled and uncontrolled BP, and @entity15882 of @entity1 with "true" and "false" resistant @entity101 was also analyzed. Nocturnal and 24-h @entity15882 were higher in the group with uncontrolled @entity101 . Multiple regression analysis showed that absolute BP, age, nocturnal fall, but not sex predicted @entity15882 . @entity1 with "true" resistant @entity101 had greater @entity15882 than "false" resistant @entity101 @entity1 . Absolute BP resulted as the main determinant of 24-h and nocturnal @entity15882 but not daytime @entity15882 . Also nocturnal BP fall and age resulted as predictors of @entity15882 in treated and untreated @entity1 . @entity1 with "true" resistant @entity101 have a higher @entity15882 , suggesting a higher sympathetic activation. Evidence is still limited regarding the importance of short-term @entity15882 as a prognostic factor and assessment of @entity15882 cannot yet represent a parameter for routine use in clinical practice. Future prospective trials are necessary to define which targets of @entity15882 can be achieved with antihypertensive drugs and whether treatment-induced reduction in @entity15882 is accompanied by a corresponding reduction in cardiovascular events.

title: Systolic and diastolic short-term blood pressure variability and its determinants in XXXX with controlled and uncontrolled @entity101 : A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A mild and simple way to prepare stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of composite particles made of a cellulosic material (Sigmacell cellulose) and multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) is reported. These suspensions can be dried and redispersed in water at pH 10.5. Starting with rather crude initial materials, commercial Sigmacell cellulose and MWCNTs, a significant fraction of composite dispersed in water could be obtained. The solid composites and their colloidal suspensions were characterized by electronic microscopy, thermal analyses, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, X- @entity16039 photoelectron spectroscopy, X- @entity16039 diffraction, and light scattering. The composite particles consist of tenuous aggregates of CNTs and cellulose, several hundred nanometers large, and are composed of 55 wt % cellulose and 45 wt % CNTs. Such particles were shown to stabilize @entity13479 -in-water emulsions. The adsorption and the elasticity of the layer they form at interface were characterized by the pendant drop method. The stability of the oil-in-water emulsions was attributed to the formation of an elastic network of composite particles at interface. @entity13479 droplet diameters could be tuned from 20 to 100  m by adjusting the concentration of composite particles. This behavior was attributed to the limited coalescence phenomenon, just as expected for Pickering emulsions. Interestingly, @entity13479 droplets were stable over time and sustained pH modifications over a wide range, although acidic pH induced accelerated creaming. This study points out the possibility of combining crude cellulose and MWCNTs through a simple process to obtain colloidal systems of interest for the design of functional conductive materials.

title: Multiwalled XXXX Nanotube/Cellulose Composite: From Aqueous Dispersions to Pickering Emulsions.

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane', 'Cyclohexane']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: The @entity2 Study Group conducted a phase II pilot study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoradiotherapy) before surgery in 85 eligible @entity1 with @entity1149 limited to the chest but in whom attempted resection would have been likely to leave @entity66 (advanced stage IIIA and minimal stage IIIB disease). @entity900 , 75 mg/m2, was given on days 1 and 29; @entity1487 , 1 g/m2 per 24 hours, was administered as a continuous infusion on days 1 through 4 and on days 29 through 32; and thoracic radiation, 30 Gy in 15 fractions, was administered on days 1 through 19. Two @entity1 achieved a complete response and 46 @entity1 had a partial response for an overall response rate of 56%. @entity137 from chemoradiotherapy was moderate but acceptable. Eight weeks after therapy was initiated, 54 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy and @entity5 resection was attempted: 29 (34%) had complete resection and 15 (18%) had incomplete resection. Although surgical dissection was generally more difficult than in @entity1 not pretreated with chemoradiotherapy, there was no apparent @entity260 . In 8 @entity1 (9%), no viable @entity5 was detected pathologically in the resection specimen. Of the 18 @entity1 whose @entity5 were completely resected and had disease recurrence, none had recurrence only in the chest, 12 (67%) had recurrence only in distant sites, and 3 developed second @entity5 . Median survival of all @entity1 was 13 months. The overall results do not indicate a major benefit from this preoperative chemoradiotherapy regimen in @entity1 with advanced but potentially resectable @entity1149 . These results suggest a need to define better the relative roles of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy ( @entity900 and @entity1487 ) and radiation therapy in XXXX : a phase II study of the @entity2 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer', 'non-small-cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increase in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: A study of data from 318 cases of uterine @entity242 presenting during a 10-year period (1967-1976) is reported. All but 6 of the @entity1 had at least a 5-year follow-up (98% 5-year follow-up). Overall 5-year survival was 31%, with the major prognostic indicator being @entity5 stage. Despite the tendency for mixed @entity5 to present in older @entity1 with more advanced disease, survival was not statistically different to those @entity1 with @entity1822 . Thus, the propensity for @entity5 dissemination in @entity1822 should not be underestimated. @entity1822 are less likely to present with abnormal symptoms than are other @entity242 , and their occurrence as an incidental finding on histological examination underlines the need for an adequate inspection of the intra-abdominal contents at hysterectomy. The tendency to treat all @entity242 as if they were @entity5 may be fallacious, and an alternative classification (such as the @entity2802 system) may be required. Recurrence of @entity5 tended to be at distant sites (distant:pelvic recurrence rate 3:1). Adjuvant radiotherapy is unlikely to alter distant disease foci, and thus the development of combination chemotherapeutic regimens using agents which have shown to result in @entity5 response seem warranted. Such trials will need to be organised on a multicentre basis to attain statistically evaluable numbers of @entity1 .

title: Retrospective analysis of 318 cases of uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal tumours', 'endometrial tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcomas', 'leiomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe ( JPQHR) on @entity1808 / @entity1110 oxidase pathway in 5/6 nephrectomized @entity35 @entity177 model and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The animals were divided into 4 groups: the sham-operated group, the @entity177 group, the JPQHR-treated group and the @entity9886 -treated group. After 60-days therapy, serum @entity1568 and @entity1011 were measured. The expression of @entity11154 ( @entity11154 ) protein and the expression of @entity12614 mRNA in renal tissue was determined. SOD and @entity1865 were also examined. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated group, the levels of SCr and serum BUN and the @entity11154 protein and @entity12614 mRNA expression in the @entity177 group were significantly increased. The activities of SOD in renal tissue from the @entity177 group was significantly down-regulated while @entity1865 was up-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the @entity177 group, the levels of SCr and serum BUN and the @entity11154 protein and @entity12614 mRNA expression in both JPQHR-treated group and @entity9886 -treated group were significantly decreased. The activities of SOD in renal tissue from JPQHR-treated group and @entity9886 -treated group were significantly up-regulated whereas the content of @entity1865 were down-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the @entity9886 -treated group, the activities of SOD in renal tissue from the JPQHR-treated group was obviously increased (P<0.05), the decrease in @entity11154 protein and @entity12614 mRNA was more evident but not statistically different (P>0.05). The level of SCr and serum BUN and the content of @entity1865 were also not statistically different (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Through decrease the expression of @entity1808 and @entity1110 oxidase, JPQHR can reduce the oxidative stress in @entity177 and delay the @entity8 .

title: [Effects of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe on @entity1808 / @entity1110 oxidase pathway in 5/6 nephrectomized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis progression']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: In two institutions, a retrospective analysis was performed on @entity1 with histologically proven locally advanced @entity788 without distant metastases. The aim of this analysis is to assess whether chemoradiotherapy provides survival benefit for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 from the Erasmus Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, received @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and radiotherapy and, 38 @entity1 from the Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam (AMC) were offered the best supportive care. Radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy external upper abdomen radiation in two courses, concomitant with intravenous @entity1487 25 mg/kg/ 24 h continuously on the first 4 days of each treatment course. RESULTS: The treatment protocol was completed in 38 of 45 @entity1 (84%) without complications. Radiological response was evaluated in 38 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 (26%) showed a partial response, stable disease was seen in 6 (16%) @entity1 and progressive disease in 22 (58%) @entity1 . A second-look operation was performed in 8 of 10 @entity1 (72%) showing a radiological response, in 3 @entity1 the @entity5 could be resected. Median overall survival time for the Erasmus MC group (n = 45) was 9.8 months compared to 7.6 months when the best supportive care was given (AMC group, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Although overall survival remains poor, treatment with @entity1487 and radiotherapy might benefit some @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 .

title: Locally advanced @entity788 treated with radiation and XXXX : a first step to neoadjuvant treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity11 accumulate fluorescing @entity13880 intracellularly after exposure to @entity2518 , a metabolic precursor of haem. This phenomenon has been exploited for intraoperative identification of @entity5 to enable greater completeness of @entity5 removal. The present report describes the necessary modifications to the operating microscope to enable microsurgical, fluorescence-guided @entity5 removal. The system consists of a xenon light source coupled to the microscope, which can be switched from normal white light to violet-blue excitation light (375-440 nm). A longpass filter is introduced into the observer light path to enable observation of @entity5 fluorescence. Transmission characteristics of excitation and observation filters are chosen to transmit part of the remitted excitation light. Thereby the observer retains an impression of tissue detail, next to @entity5 @entity7170 fluorescence. An integrating three chip CCD camera optimized for red light detection enables documentation of fluorescence findings. The present modifications allow uncomplicated and rapid recognition of red @entity5 fluorescence and its borders to normal tissue, without interrupting the course of the operation. Tissue detail is great enough to enable @entity5 resection under violet-blue excitation light during parts of the operation. The system appears to constitute a useful tool for optimizing removal of @entity11 on a routine basis.

title: Technical principles for @entity13880 -fluorescence guided microsurgical resection of XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung resection for invasive @entity57 ( @entity9348 ) is controversial. @entity1398 , @entity882 and poor general condition may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality, and the redeeming benefit is questionable. Therefore we analyzed short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for @entity9348 . METHODS: 41 @entity1 with @entity1503 underwent lung resection for suspected @entity9348 : lobectomy (23 @entity1 ), wedge-resection (16) and enucleation (2). RESULTS: 4 (10%) @entity1 developed major complications: @entity456 , @entity1887 , severe @entity548 , ARDS. 11 (27%) @entity1 showed minor complications: @entity1143 (6), pneumothorax (2), @entity2080 (2) and hematothorax (1). 30-day mortality was 10 % (4 of 41 @entity1 ): two died of @entity2348 , two of disseminated @entity2381 . One (2%) death was possibly surgery-related. @entity9348 was cleared in 87% of @entity1 , fungal relapse occurred in 4 (10%) @entity1 . Overall survival was 65%, 58% and 40% at 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. CONCLUSION: Lung resection for @entity9348 even in profound @entity1503 is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. @entity364 can be cured in more than 80 % of @entity1 . Long-term outcome can be achieved if the @entity1503 is under control.

title: Short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stump insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease', 'cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural aspergillosis']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures from @entity2513 revealed @entity5 . In 4 @entity652 , only numerical changes were found, whereas 10 had structural rearrangements. Trisomy 7 was found as the sole change in one of the @entity5 and together with other numerical changes in another. A +7 was also present in one case with structural aberrations. Other recurrent numerical aberrations were -14 and -18, both found in 2 @entity652 with structural karyotypic changes; in addition, one chromosome 14 was lost in one of the @entity5 with only numerical changes. The chromosome most often involved in structural aberrations was chromosome 1. In 6 cases, the rearrangements led to changes in 1p, always with loss of material. The breakpoints were at 1p32-36. One @entity652 had deletion of 1p as the only change. Other chromosomes that were involved in changes in more than 2 cases were chromosomes 8, 13, and 17. These rearrangements typically led to gain of 8q and 13q and loss of 17p. The @entity652 with @entity2526 were generally larger and had a higher degree of @entity1141 than did the @entity652 with numerical changes only or those with a normal karyotype. All @entity652 with a tubulovillous or villous architecture had structural rearrangements. Our findings confirm that a subset of @entity2513 exists that have only numerical chromosome aberrations. They also support our previous conclusion that loss of material from distal 1p is an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis, but that other cytogenetic aberrations follow and typically are present already at the adenomatous stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clonal karyotypic abnormalities in @entity2513 : clues to the early genetic events in the XXXX sequence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['acquired clonal chromosome aberrations in 14 of 17 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to establish the outcome of renal transplantation in @entity1 given pretransplant @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) treatment targeted at reaching a normal hemoglobin concentration (Hb), compared to those given @entity1307 -treatment aimed at maintaining subnormal Hb. METHODS: A total of 416 @entity1 from Scandinavian countries and with @entity417 were enrolled to examine the effects of increasing Hb from a subnormal level (90-120 g/liter) to a normal level (135-160 g/liter) by @entity1307 treatment. Half of the @entity1 were randomized to have their Hb increased, with the other half randomized to maintain a subnormal Hb. Thirty-two @entity1 from the normal Hb group and 24 @entity1 from the subnormal group received a renal graft during the study period. The outcomes of these transplantations were examined prospectively for 6 months. RESULTS: Preoperative Hb levels were 143+/-17 and 121+/-14 g/liter in the two groups, respectively (P<0.0001). The Hb remained higher in the normal Hb group during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. The percentage of @entity1 requiring postoperative blood transfusions in the normal Hb group was 16%, compared with 50% in the subnormal group (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference in the proportion of functioning grafts or in the serum @entity1011 levels could be detected. No correlation between @entity1307 treatment and @entity1011 levels after transplantation was found. The frequency of adverse events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1307 treatment aimed at reaching a normal Hb in renal transplant recipients reduces the postoperative requirement for blood transfusions and has no deleterious effects on kidney graft function.

title: The use of pretransplant XXXX to normalize hemoglobin levels has no deleterious effects on renal transplantation outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['renal anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7228 Background: Treatment options are limited for @entity1 with MILC. This is a review of @entity1 with MILC treated with @entity1161 . METHODS: 36 @entity1 with MILC treated between 1998 and 2002. All had a pathologic diagnosis of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ); all unresectable [poor pulmonary function (23 @entity1 ), prior @entity5 (10 @entity1 - other lung, 4 lobectomies, 1 wedge, esophageal, and @entity694 ), 2 other co-morbidities, 1 refused surgery]. Six had more than one primary @entity5 ; 4 concurrently treated (1 small cell with concurrent chemotherapy). The median age was 69 years. Lesion size was < 3cm, 25; 3 - 5cm, 12 lesions; and > 5cm, 5. All had CT scans of the chest; no mediastinoscopy; staged as N0, 34 and N1,2. Radiation was once daily (6-18MV). Median dose was 80.5 Gy/35 fx/2.3 Gy/fx. Target volume included @entity5 and nodes measuring 1.0cm or larger; margin was the clinical target within a 90-95% isodose line. The mean treatment volume was 42.7 cm(3). RESULTS: Thirty-five completed treatment; median length of follow-up 11.5 months. 17 deaths, 12 @entity1 died of @entity1149 (71%), 4 died of co-morbid illness (24%), and 1 died of @entity151 . Median survival 21.9 months (95% CI: 18.0-29.8). Six @entity1 alive with disease; 13 alive disease free with follow up between 3 and 49 months. Of 42 lesions, local failure (LF) occurred in 11 @entity1 (26%); 2 (5%) failed concomittantly in regional lymph nodes. No isolated nodal recurrences. Distant @entity5 progression 7 @entity1 (20%), of these 5 @entity1 had distant progression without local failure. Three @entity1 (8%) had a significant @entity358 . Two are grade 5 @entity137 (both had prior lobectomies). Conservatively 6% treatment mortality in an extremely high risk population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1161 to 80.5 Gy in 2.3 Gy fractions was tolerated. Treatment related @entity204 was rare, isolated to @entity1 with prior lobectomies. LF in 26% despite inattention to motion. Most mortality was related to @entity2 , notco-morbidity. A dose of 80.5 Gy in 7 weeks is supported with single lesions, conservative volumes, and no prior lobectomy. Local failure dominates and higher effective doses should be explored. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX ( @entity1161 ) alone for medically inoperable @entity1149 (MILC).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['Conformal high-dose external radiation therapy']


abstract: Crosses of Ogura @entity25266 @entity21147 . purpuraria x Raphanus sativus x @entity4335 were made and four hybrids were produced. One plant (PRN-1) was mosaic with yellow and milk white flowers and some flowers had both yellow and white petals. The others ( @entity1605 , -3, -4) had white flowers. @entity915 had degenerated anthers, the other three had three to six anthers and could produce some pollens, but the pollens of @entity1605 were unstainable by I2-KI solution. @entity1605 had four normal honey glands, PRN-1 and PRN-3 had two, and @entity915 had none. @entity1605 had normal leaf color and the other three showed different degrees of @entity38 deficiency at low temperature. The chromosome number of PRN-1 was 2n = 38 and had the mean chromosome paring configuration of 14.67 I + 10.07 II + 1.06 III, and its chromosome set constitution might be AACR. This chromosome constitution may be due to the fertilization of female gamete of n = 19 (AR) with male gamete of n = 19 (AC) from @entity4335 . The occurrence of mosaic flower color in this plant may be attributed to the @entity2008 caused by wide hybridization, such as chromosome @entity4523 and chromosome bridges. The chromosome number of @entity1605 was 2n = 35 and the mean chromosome paring configuration was 13.89 I + 8.33 II + 1.33 III + 0.11 IV. The chromosome number of PRN-3 was 2n = 33 and the mean chromosome paring configuration was 14.00 I + 7.82 II + 1.00 III + 0.09 IV. The chromosome number of @entity915 was not determined as there was no pollen mother cell formation. Chromosome bridges and laggards were observed in PRN-1-3. Some seeds were harvested from PRN-1-3 but none was harvested from @entity915 when backcrossed with @entity4335 . It seems possible for us to overcome the chlorophyll deficiency and @entity854 and restore the male fertility in Ogura @entity25266 by introduction of the nucleus of R. sativus into this cytoplasmic male sterile line.

title: [Production and cytogenetics of hybrids of Ogura @entity25266 XXXX . purpuraria x Raphanus sativus x @entity4335 ].

entities_list: @entity21147 :: ('439823', 'Species') :: ['Brassica campestris var']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['B. napus', 'Brassica napus']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and the formation of chromosome fragments']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['honey gland abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity21147 :: (439823,Species) :: ['Brassica campestris var']


abstract: Prolactin regulates a variety of physiological processes, including mammary gland growth and differentiation, and recent findings support an important role in @entity0 development and progression. However, little is known about the trafficking of its receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. In the present study, we examined the effect of ligand on the endogenous "long" isoform of the @entity12595 in @entity0 cells. We found that @entity18187 caused rapid and prolonged down-regulation of this receptor. The prolactin-induced increase in degradation was blocked by inhibitors of both proteasomes and lysosomes. However, the ubiquitin-conjugating system was not required for internalization. Prolactin also resulted in the concomitant appearance of a cell-associated @entity12595 fragment containing the extracellular domain. This latter process required proteasomal, but not metalloprotease, activity, distinguishing it from ectodomain "shedding" of other membrane receptors, which are secreted as binding proteins. The @entity12595 fragment was labeled by surface biotinylation and independent of protein synthesis. Together, these data indicated that prolactin binding initiates limited proteasomal cleavage of its receptor, generating a cell-associated fragment containing the extracellular domain. Our findings described a new potential mediator of prolactin action and a novel mechanism whereby proteasomes modulate cellular processes.

title: Proteasomes mediate prolactin-induced receptor down-regulation and fragment generation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity18187 :: ('MESH:D011388', 'Chemical') :: ['prolactin']

entities_list: @entity12595 :: ('5618', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Optimal @entity1 selection for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with the @entity3813 -BAND (INAMED Health, Santa Barbara, CA) enables maximization of results for @entity1 most suited to the procedure and avoidance of unsatisfactory outcomes for inappropriate candidates. We have investigated potential predictors of outcomes in our @entity1 to look for associations with @entity353 . We have also reviewed published data for additional predictors. This analysis has revealed a number of conditions associated with a significantly lower percent excess @entity353 (%EWL) than experienced in the overall group. These include increasing age, increasing body mass index (BMI), @entity3190 , insulin resistance, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and @entity3610 . There was also less @entity353 if the SF-36 quality-of-life measure showed a poor physical activity score, high @entity158 score, or poor general health score. However, in all these conditions, the effect was small in comparison with the benefits achieved by these @entity1 , and was judged insufficient to preclude this approach to treatment of their @entity28 . A number of conditions were found to have no relation to @entity353 after @entity3813 -BAND placement. These included sex, presence of @entity1032 , most comorbidities except those linked to insulin resistance, previous bariatric surgery, and sweet-eating behavior. The value of psychologic assessment to predict outcomes could not be established. The superobese (BMI >50) achieved a lower %EWL at 1 year after @entity3813 -BAND placement compared with those with BMI <50, but there were no differences at the 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-ups.

title: Selecting the optimal XXXX for @entity3813 -BAND placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to now hydroxyethyl starch preparations have frequently been used to compensate for @entity51 accompanying blood withdrawal during @entity697 . This approach was questioned with respect to the current limitations for use of hydroxyethyl starch solutions imposed by the European Medicines Agency. Because crystalloids distribute evenly across the whole extracellular compartment, 80   % of the infused solution will be "lost" to the interstitial space. Thus, a physiological adjustment of @entity190 caused by hemodilution with crystalloids alone (1:5 ratio) seems hardly feasible and according to current data perhaps not even desirable. A 3:1 ratio (crystalloids versus @entity190 ) as applied in the current study can be regarded as a practical compromise between physiological needs and recommendations according to the literature (1.4:1) but will lead to moderate @entity3485 the hemodynamic consequences of which are not well described. AIM: The current study investigates the hemodynamic impact of a hemodilution with crystalloids under the precondition of a 3:1 substitution ratio compared to withdrawn blood. METHODS: In the context of acute perioperative hemodilution 10 otherwise healthy @entity1 graded I and II on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification scheduled for open gynecological @entity5 surgery underwent an average blood withdrawal of 1097        285  ml which was substituted by an average of 3430        806  ml of Ringer's @entity880 . The resulting deficit in blood volume was exactly quantified by a double tracer technique. Hemodynamic changes were evaluated by a combination of thermodilution and pulse contour analysis (PiCCO system  ). Subsequently, the remaining volume deficit was compensated by 245        64  ml of a 20   % albumin solution and hemodynamic parameters were again evaluated. RESULTS: When infusing Ringer's lactate in a 3:1 ratio compared to the actual @entity190 , the blood volume decreased by 12   %. The volume effect of Ringer's lactate proved to be 17   %. While mean arterial pressure and heart rate remained constant, key hemodynamic parameters changed relevantly during the time course. A significant rise in cardiac output and myocardial contractility could be observed which was accompanied by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, cardiac preload and the parameters representing pulmonary vascular permeability remained unaltered. The infusion of 245        64  ml of a 20   % albumin solution nearly completely restituted blood volume and led to an insignificant rise in systemic vascular resistance but did not normalize cardiac output or myocardial contractility. CONCLUSION: In the study population, the loss of intravascular fluid during perioperative haemodilution could be compensated by an increase in cardiac performance. However, whether @entity1 with a reduced cardiac capacity (i.e. older @entity1 ) are capable to improve their cardiac output sufficiently in order to compensate @entity3485 accompanying perioperative haemodilution with crystalloids remains questionable.

title: [Acute perioperative hemodilution without using hydroxyethyl starch : Hemodynamic alterations under "controlled" XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute normovolemic hemodilution']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions of Spanish rheumatologists, experts in @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ), on the role of exercise in these and in other @entity627 METHODS: A survey to 106 rheumatologists belonging to an @entity5145 working group of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, GRESSER, was collected. The questions were related with general aspects of professional exercise (clinical practice and generic knowledge), use of fitness in @entity5145 (benefits, indications, contraindications, compliance, facilitators), sociodemographic characteristics and professional experience with the respondents' exercise regimen. A descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: the survey was sent to 106 rheumatologists, 44 of them answered (51% female, over 20 years of experience). Over 86% believe that their @entity1 need exercise, but the prescription is moderate. 42% believe they do not have training to prescribe specific exercises. The physical activity education materials available consisted essentially of brochures (90%), websites (52%) and videos (23%). The therapeutic importance of exercise depends on the type of underlying disease. Most agree in decreasing the intensity of exercise during disease flares. For most cases of Spa, exercise is not a trigger of flares (66%), and may be used at any stage of the disease, depending on the type and the phase of the Spa. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatologists consider exercise as a fundamental part of the treatment of @entity627 @entity1 , but greater knowledge and development of specific strategies in its prescription is required.

title: Expert opinion of Spanish rheumatologists about the role of physical exercise in ankging spondylitis and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['SpA', 'spondyloarthropathies']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity3179 is as high as 1% to 1.5%, and the total costs of this disease are 1% of the total annual health care budget in Western European countries. Treatment modalities are conservative or surgical. Subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery (SEPS) combined with superficial vein ligation is performed in many centers to address @entity2994 in @entity1 with chronic @entity3179 . Several reports describe good healing and low recurrence rates, although a randomized trial to compare surgical treatment including SEPS and treatment of the superficial venous system to conservative modalities has never been performed. Therefore, a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial was conducted to study whether ambulatory compression therapy with venous surgery is a better treatment than just ambulatory compression therapy in @entity3179 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with an active (open) @entity3179 (CEAP C6) qualified for the study. The study consisted of two treatment groups. All @entity1 were treated by standardized ambulatory compression therapy, and half of the @entity1 received SEPS. Concomitant superficial @entity1211 was also treated in the second group. For allocation to both treatment groups, each @entity1 was assigned by a computer program at the randomization center. The primary goal of the study was to compare the @entity1066 during follow-up in both study groups. Secondary end points were @entity1066 and recurrence rates. RESULTS: From April 1997 until January 2001, 200 ulcerated legs (170 @entity1 ) were included in the study in 12 centers in The Netherlands. A total of 97 @entity1066 were allocated to the surgical group and 103 to the conservative group. @entity1 characteristics were similar in the two treatment groups at baseline, with the exception of a higher proportion in the conservative group of @entity6 . Healing rates were 83% in the surgical group and 73% in the conservative group (not significant; median time to healing, 27 months). Recurrence rates were the same in both treatment groups (22% surgical vs 23% conservative). During follow-up of a mean of 29 months (median, 27 months) in the surgical group and 26 months (median, 24 months) in the conservative group, we found that in the surgical group, the @entity1066 -free rate was 72%, whereas in the conservative group this rate was 53% (P = .11; Mann-Whitney test). @entity1 with recurrent @entity1066 or medially located @entity1066 in the surgical group had a longer @entity1066 than those treated in the conservative group (P = .02 for both). A first-time @entity1066 and one of the centers also had a positive effect on the @entity1066 during follow-up (P < .001 and P = .02), independent of the treatment group. Deep @entity2994 did not affect the @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we suggest that @entity1 with medial and/or recurrent @entity1066 should receive surgery combined with ambulatory compression therapy. A dedicated center should provide care for those @entity1 .

title: Conservative versus surgical treatment of XXXX : a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration', 'ulcers', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcer-free period']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers', 'venous leg ulcer']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long term results of treatment of @entity15709 by conisation of the cervix using survival analysis. DESIGN: A retrospective study in six teaching hospitals in North West Thames. POPULATION: Eighty-five @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity15709 in punch or cone biopsy were identified from pathology and clinical databases. RESULTS: In one @entity1 a small focus of @entity15709 was found in a cervical polyp. Subsequent cytology was normal and no further treatment was undertaken. The 84 remaining @entity1 underwent diathermy loop, cold knife cone biopsy, laser cone biopsy, or needle excision of the transformation zone. A hysterectomy or second conisation was performed in 31/84 @entity1 (36.9%) as part of the initial treatment. In all, nine (10.6%) had early invasive lesions of which four were squamous. Fifty-nine @entity1 were treated conservatively following one or two conisations (median follow up 78 weeks, range 0-543 weeks). One had a subsequent hysterectomy for @entity931 . Five @entity1 have undergone treatment for suspected recurrence, a 21.5% cumulative rate of further treatment by four years. The cumulative rate of histologically proven recurrence after conservative management was 4.3% at one year and 15% at four years. CONCLUSIONS: In those cases with clear margins in the cone biopsy, there is a place for conservative management of a selected group of @entity1 who wish to preserve fertility. However, 16.7% of these will require further treatment after four years because of recurrent cytological abnormalities. @entity1 who opt for conservative management should undergo regular, long term surveillance in a colposcopy clinic. Among those @entity1 with involved margins in the initial cone biopsy, there is a high incidence of @entity66 . A second cone biopsy may be appropriate 'definitive treatment' for young @entity1 who wish to preserve their fertility if the margins of the second biopsy are clear and there is no evidence of invasion. Even among those for whom a hysterectomy is the proposed 'definitive treatment', a second cone biopsy may be required before hysterectomy to avoid inappropriate treatment of an occult invasive lesion.

title: Is conservative treatment for XXXX safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity15709 :: (MESH:D065311,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix']


abstract: The mammary @entity5 cell line CAMA-1 synchronized at the G1/S boundary by @entity1014 block or at the G1/M boundary by @entity10612 was used to evaluate 1) the sensitivity of a specific cell cycle phase or phases to @entity53 (E2), 2) the effect of E2 on cell cycle kinetics, and 3) the resultant E2 effect on cell proliferation. In synchronized G1/S cells, E2-induced @entity665 uptake, which indicated a newly formed S population, was observed only when E2 was added during, but not after, @entity1014 synchronization. Synchronized G2/M cells, enriched by Percoll gradient centrifugation to approximately 90% mitotic cells, responded to E2 added immediately following selection; the total E2-treated population traversed the cycle faster and reached S phase approximately 4 hr earlier than cells not exposed to E2. When E2 was added during the last hour of synchronization (ie, at late G2 or G2/M), or for 1 hr during mitotic cell enrichment, a mixed response occurred: a small portion had an accelerated G1 exit, while the majority of cells behaved the same as controls not incubated with E2. When E2 addition was delayed until 2 hr, 7 hr, or 12 hr following cell selection, to allow many early G1 phase cells to miss E2 exposure, the response to E2 was again mixed. When E2 was added during the 16 hr of @entity10612 synchronization, when cells were largely at S or possibly at early G2, it inhibited entry into S phase. The E2-induced increase or decrease of S phase cells in the @entity10612 experiments also showed corresponding changes in mitotic index and cell number. These results showed that the early G1 phase and possibly the G2/M phase are sensitive to E2 stimulation, late G1, G1/S, or G2 are refractory; the E2 stimualtion of cell proliferation is due primarily to an increased proportion of G1 cells that traverse the cell cycle and a shortened G1 period, E2 does not facilitate faster cell division; and @entity172 -induced cell proliferation or G1/S transition occurs only when very early G1 phase cells are exposed to @entity172 . These results are consistent with the constant transition probability hypothesis, that is, E2 alters the probability of cells entering into DNA synthesis without significantly affecting the duration of other cell cycle phases. Results from this study provide new information for further studies aimed at elucidating E2-modulated G1 events related to @entity5 growth.

title: Mode of XXXX action on cell proliferation in CAMA-1 cells: II. Sensitivity of G1 phase population.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Solid @entity5 (SPT) is a rare @entity788 with low malignant potential. Between February 2006 and May 2013, six @entity1 were affected by SPT. Two @entity1 were male and four were female. Median age of the @entity1 was 31.5 years (range, 13 to 47 years). One @entity1 was preoperatively diagnosed by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in two and distal pancreatectomy was done in four. One operation of those was laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. In this series, recurrence or distant metastasis was not reported and successful outcome was achieved in all @entity1 . In conclusion, whereas diagnosis of SPT is difficult, it can be diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy preoperatively. It should be treated by surgery, and laparoscopic operation can be considered.

title: Clinical features and management of pancreatic solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopapillary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumor']


abstract: @entity61052 is a form of @entity8482 and features @entity1159 , @entity18550 , and @entity649 . Similar findings occur in newborns exposed to nicotinergic @entity934 receptor (AChR) antibodies from myasthenic mothers. We performed linkage studies in families with @entity61052 and identified eight mutations within the gamma -subunit gene ( @entity15565 ) of the AChR. Our functional studies show that gamma -subunit mutations prevent the correct localization of the fetal AChR in @entity1 embryonic kidney-cell membranes and that the expression pattern in prenatal @entity19 corresponds to the @entity1 clinical phenotype. AChRs have five subunits. Two alpha, one beta, and one delta subunit are always present. By switching gamma to epsilon subunits in late fetal development, fetal AChRs are gradually replaced by adult AChRs. Fetal and adult AChRs are essential for neuromuscular signal transduction. In addition, the fetal AChRs seem to be the guide for the primary encounter of axon and muscle. Because of this important function in organogenesis, @entity1 mutations in the gamma subunit were thought to be lethal, as they are in gamma -knockout @entity19 . In contrast, many mutations in other subunits have been found to be viable but cause postnatally persisting or beginning @entity8491 . We conclude that @entity61052 is an @entity74 that also affects neuromuscular organogenesis. Because gamma expression is restricted to early development, @entity1 have no myasthenic symptoms later in life. This is the major difference from mutations in the other AChR subunits and the striking parallel to the symptoms found in neonates with arthrogryposis when maternal AChR auto-antibodies crossed the placenta and caused the transient inactivation of the AChR pathway.

title: @entity61052 is a prenatal myasthenia caused by disruption of the XXXX receptor fetal gamma subunit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited fetal myasthenic disease']

entities_list: @entity61052 :: ('MESH:C537377', 'Disease') :: ['Escobar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Thirty @entity6308 @entity1 were treated under metabolic ward conditions for 10 days with either placebo, @entity12880 (500 mg t.i.d.) or @entity10569 (200 mg t.i.d.) in a randomized, double-blind study. In addition, @entity1 received an isocaloric prudent diet. On day 10 a diurnal lipid and lipoprotein profile was carried out. Compliance to medication was good. Each treatment led to significant reductions of fasting @entity1674 and @entity165 . Lowering of fasting and integrated diurnal @entity1674 was greatest with @entity10569 . HDL- @entity165 profiles were highest with this drug. A strong correlation between fasting and diurnal @entity1674 was observed. @entity412 -lowering therapy must therefore aim at fasting @entity412 values as low as possible.

title: Diurnal lipid and lipoprotein profiles in XXXX @entity1 with @entity10569 and clofibrate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride', 'triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6308 :: (MESH:D064250,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Typical @entity358 are usually relatively benign @entity5 , but distant @entity3 are seen in up to 12% of the @entity1 . In contrast, atypical @entity4303 are @entity146 , displaying @entity3 in up to 70%. The current treatment of metastatic @entity358 is discouraging. New therapies, such as inhibitors of the @entity669 kinase receptor family @entity2467 , platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) alpha and beta and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) have shown promising results in other @entity5 and might be of value in @entity358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumor tissue from 51 @entity1 with @entity358 were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies against @entity2467 , @entity675 , @entity3820 and @entity470 . Of the 24 @entity1 who had metastatic disease, 17 had distant @entity3 . Fifteen of the @entity1 had died from their disease. RESULTS: Twelve of the @entity5 stained positive for @entity2467 , 44 expressed @entity675 , 30 showed positive immunoreactivity for @entity3820 and 26 were @entity470 immunoreactive. Among the 17 @entity1 with distant @entity3 , 5 @entity5 expressed @entity2467 , 12 were @entity675 immunoreactive, 9 stained positive for @entity3820 , and 7 showed positive immunoreactivity for @entity470 . There was no correlation to distant @entity3 or survival for @entity2467 , @entity3820 or @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity669 kinase receptors such as @entity2467 , @entity675 , @entity3820 and @entity470 are expressed in a significant number of @entity1 with metastatic @entity358 . Treatment with inhibitors of the @entity669 kinase receptors expressed may be considered.

title: Expression of @entity669 kinase receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['typical lung carcinoids', 'malignant lung carcinoids', 'lung carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoids']


abstract: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is a common neurological and medical emergency. Despite the significant mortality associated with @entity159 , no @entity1 data have been available regarding cardiovascular changes prior to @entity204 in @entity1 with this condition. This study was conducted to measure hemodynamic trends in the 24 h prior to @entity204 in a series of 24 prospectively evaluated @entity159 @entity1 . Two distinct cardiovascular patterns of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed. Ten @entity1 had a gradual decline in @entity551 , and this group was designated as having @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The remaining 14 @entity1 showed no significant changes in either MAP or HR up to the time of @entity204 . This group of @entity1 was designated as having @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The changes in MAP and HR over the last 24 h prior to @entity204 between the @entity299 and @entity299 groups were statistically significant. Ninety percent of the @entity299 @entity1 had a history of multiple risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ), while only 30% of the @entity299 group had a history of multiple risk factors for @entity65 . The results provide the first @entity1 data of cardiovascular events immediately preceding @entity204 in @entity159 @entity1 . We propose that further investigation of the cardiovascular pathophysiology of @entity159 may provide new therapeutic interventions which could decrease the significant mortality associated with @entity159 .

title: Hemodynamic monitoring prior to and at the time of @entity204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ASCVD', 'arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac decompensation', 'GCD', 'gradual cardiac decompensation', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP and/or HR']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: 1. Low doses of @entity4397 (0.01-0.10-1.0 micrograms) given during the annual testes growth period did not clearly affect plasma LH and @entity342 levels 10 min following the injection. 2. The first injection of high doses of @entity4397 (2.0-10.0-20.0 micrograms) markedly increased plasma LH and @entity342 levels measured 10 min following the injection. The increase in plasma LH level was dose-dependent and the maximal LH level was obtained with 10.0 micrograms of @entity4397 . 3. Impairment of the LH response to @entity4397 was assessed by comparing the first and the fourteenth injection of high doses of @entity4397 . Evidences of pituitary gland desensitization are reported since plasma LH levels were reduced following the fourteenth injection in all groups. 4. Plasma @entity342 levels following high doses of @entity4397 were not clearly affected in @entity1653 .

title: Plasma LH and XXXX levels in the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) treated with a potent GnRH analogue.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['red-winged blackbirds']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) has been investigated extensively as a marker for predicting the risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). @entity65 accounts for a large proportion of mortality and morbidity in American Indians; we sought to test the association of @entity1851 and @entity65 in a population-based American Indian cohort 45 to 74 years old. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 3277 @entity1 who were @entity65 -free at baseline, 542 had @entity1851 >10 mg/L and were excluded from analysis; 50.1% of those included had @entity6 . There were 343 @entity65 events among this cohort during a median follow-up of 6.2 years. Multiple @entity65 risk factors were used as covariates in Cox proportional-hazard models. After exclusions, the median @entity1851 (3.2 mg/L) was higher than reported in many other populations. @entity1851 predicted @entity65 in models adjusted for traditional risk factors, but not when @entity633 and fibrinogen were included. In subgroup analysis, @entity1851 was strongly related to incident @entity65 among @entity7964 @entity1 @entity1 , even after adjustment for traditional @entity65 risk factors and other indicators of @entity32 . Conversely, @entity1851 was elevated beyond the useful range of the American Heart Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical guidelines in 16% of this population, and @entity1851 was not predictive of @entity65 in important subgroups, such as those with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1851 was a predictor of @entity65 in this American Indian population with a high prevalence of @entity6 and other risk factors. The predictive ability of @entity1851 varies considerably among subgroups with different risk factor profiles.

title: XXXX as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in a population with a high prevalence of @entity6 : the Strong Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: The aim of the double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effects of a continuous combined @entity172 -progestogen treatment (Climodien, Lafamme) as compared with @entity172 alone on vigilance in @entity170 @entity1 , objectified by EEG mapping. METHODS: In a 3-arm, 2-month parallel group design phase, @entity1 received a combination of @entity2691 2 mg and the novel progestogen @entity18725 3 mg (Climodien 2/3) or @entity2691 2 mg alone or placebo. In a subsequent open-label phase, all @entity1 received @entity2691 2 mg+ @entity18725 2 mg (Climodien 2/2). EEG mapping was carried out before and after the 2-month double-blind phase as well as after the 2-month open-label treatment. RESULTS: As compared with placebo, Climodien 2/3 induced a marked and highly significant increase in absolute power in all frequency bands, specifically in alpha-2 activity. Moreover, a significant increase in relative alpha-2 power, a decrease in relative delta and beta power as well as an acceleration of the dominant frequency and of the delta and alpha centroids suggested a marked improvement in vigilance. In contrast, under @entity2691 2 mg alone, only a slight augmentation of alpha and attenuation of relative delta and beta power occurred, suggesting only a slight vigilance improvement as compared with placebo. Thus, @entity18725 2 mg increased the @entity172 effect, which was also confirmed by a statistical evaluation of the differences between Climodien 2/3 and @entity2691 alone (augmentation of alpha-2, attenuation of relative beta, acceleration of the dominant frequency). Moreover, Climodien 2/2 also markedly increased alpha-2 power, decreased relative @entity2263 power and accelerated the alpha centroid. Finally, comparing Climodien 2/3 with Climodien 2/2, there was even a dose-efficacy relation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2691 2 mg improves vigilance slightly, thereby confirming previous findings. The additional administration of @entity18725 does not minimize the effect of @entity172 , but on the contrary increases it, which makes the combination superior to both placebo and @entity2691 alone. Vigilance improvement may be of great therapeutic benefit to @entity7793 @entity1 at a time when increased adaptability is needed to adjust to increasing sexual, marital, occupational and social difficulties known to occur specifically in this period of life.

title: Hormone replacement therapy and vigilance: double-blind, placebo-controlled EEG-mapping studies with an @entity172 -progestogen combination (Climodien, Lafamme) versus @entity172 alone in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol valerate', 'estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity18725 :: ('MESH:C023635', 'Chemical') :: ['dienogest']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['insomniac postmenopausal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal syndrome']

answer: @entity7793 :: (MESH:D008594,Disease) :: ['menopausal syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is believed to originate from @entity5 stem cells (CSCs). While @entity5960 ( @entity5960 ) is a marker of normal hepatic stem cells (HSCs), @entity5960 + cells from @entity157 behave like CSCs. Since @entity157 mostly develops on a cirrhotic background, we sought to determine whether CSC-like @entity5960 + cells exist in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 . Both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed that frequency of @entity5960 + cells in advanced @entity82 was increased as compared to control. To determine whether increased @entity5960 population in advanced @entity82 harbors any CSC-like cells, we compared molecular and functional features of @entity5960 + cells from advanced @entity82 (Ep+ @entity5434 ; n   =   20) with @entity5960 + cells from both @entity157 ( @entity157 ; n   =   20) and noncancerous/noncirrhotic (control) (Ep+NSC; n   =   7) liver tissues. Ep+CIRs displayed similarity with @entity157 cells including upregulated expression of stemness and Notch pathway genes, enhanced self-renewal in serial spheroid assay and generation of subcutaneous @entity5 in nonobese @entity6 /severe combined @entity465 @entity19 . Moreover, transcriptome and miRNome of Ep+CIRs appeared closer to that of @entity157 cells than Ep+NSCs. Interestingly, more than 50% micro RNAs (miRNAs) and transcripts specifically expressed in Ep+HCCs were also expressed in Ep+CIRs. However, none of Ep+NSC specific miRNAs and only 7% Ep+NSC specific transcripts were expressed in Ep+CIRs. Further, according to gene expression and in vitro Wnt inhibition analysis, autocrine Wnt signaling appeared to be a distinct feature of Ep+ @entity5434 and @entity157 cells, which was absent from Ep+NSCs. @entity5960 + cells in advanced @entity82 possibly include a population of CSC-like cells which can be explored for early diagnosis of @entity157 development.    Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017.

title: @entity5960 + Liver Cancer Stem-Like Cells Exhibiting Autocrine Wnt Signaling Potentially Originate in Cirrhotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial cell adhesion molecule', 'EpCAM']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Ep+HCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity9283 is a term commonly used to describe congenital forehead asymmetry. Sixty @entity1 with frontal @entity9283 were evaluated retrospectively and separated into three types: synostotic (N = 24), compensational (N = 3), and deformational (N = 33). Categorization of frontal @entity9283 as @entity85 was reliably made by physical examination, focusing on the supraorbital rims, nasal root, ears, and malar eminences. Other anatomic parameters useful in the differential diagnosis included chin point, palpebral fissures, and facial height. This study documented that birth histories were similar for @entity85 @entity1 . However, other @entity853 were more common in deformational frontal plagiocephalic @entity1 , whereas @entity600 had an equal incidence in deformational and @entity75 @entity1 . Torticollis was an associated finding in 64 percent of @entity1 with @entity12832 ; almost all were ipsilateral. In contrast, head tilt, usually to the contralateral side, was noted in 14 percent of @entity1 with @entity91 . Female preponderance was noted in both synostotic (79 percent) and deformational (76 percent) frontal @entity9283 . Left-sided involvement was seen in 73 percent of @entity1 with @entity12832 and in 46 percent of @entity1 with @entity91 . Premature pelvic descent, in the left occipital anterior position, may account for the high incidence of left-sided deformational @entity9283 and ipsilateral torticollis.

title: Frontal XXXX : synostotic, compensational, or deformational.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['Plagiocephaly', 'plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity12832 :: ('MESH:D049068', 'Disease') :: ['deformational frontal plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['deformational anomalies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synostotic frontal plagiocephalic']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['synostotic frontal plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['synostotic or deformational', 'synostotic and deformational frontal plagiocephalic']

answer: @entity9283 :: (MESH:D059041,Disease) :: ['plagiocephaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between physical fitness and its recovery over time on the one hand, and complications and duration of phases of rehabilitation on the other. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study at eight rehabilitation centres. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with a @entity1566 were assessed four times: at the start of active rehabilitation (n = 110), three months later (n = 92), at discharge (n = 137) and a year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (n = 91). MAIN MEASURES: Physical fitness was defined as aerobic capacity, determined at each occasion by the peak @entity26 uptake (peak Vo(2); L/min) and the peak power output (peak PO; W) during a maximal exercise test. On these occasions, @entity508 , musculoskeletal and @entity158 were determined (1 = present; 0 = absent). During inpatient rehabilitation, complications ( @entity293 , @entity358 or pressure sore) and bed rest were registered (1 = complication; 0 = no complications, and 1 = bed rest; 0 = no bed rest). Complications and bed rest occurring during the year after discharge were registered similarly. RESULTS: Multilevel random coefficient analyses revealed associations in multivariate models (P <or= 0.05). The peak @entity26 uptake was negatively associated with complications after discharge. The recovery of peak power output over time was negatively associated with bed rest and @entity508 . Both physical fitness and its recovery were negatively associated with the duration of active rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that limiting complications, @entity508 or bed rest may improve fitness. A longer duration of active rehabilitation is not associated with an increase in physical fitness.

title: Physical fitness in @entity1 with a XXXX : the association with complications and duration of rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1149 is typically irradiated with 60-66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. Local control could be improved by increasing dose to the more radiation-resistant areas (eg, based on the standardized uptake values of a pretreatment @entity419 positron emission tomography scan). Such dose painting approaches, however, are poorly suited for a conventional planning target volume margin expansion; therefore, typically no margins are used. This study investigates dose deterioration of a dose painting by numbers (DPBN) approach resulting from geometrical uncertainties. METHODS AND MATERIALS: For 9 DPBN plans of stage II/III @entity1149 @entity1 , the boost dose was escalated up to 130 Gy (in 33 fractions) or until a dose-limiting constraint was reached. Then, using Monte Carlo methods, a probabilistic evaluation of dose endpoints for 99%, 98%, and 2% of gross @entity5 volume at a 90% confidence level was performed considering 8 different combinations of systematic (  -) and random (  ) geometric error distributions. RESULTS: Important underdosages, because of geometric uncertainties, of up to 38 Gy with minimal image guidance occur, reducing to 8 Gy with the highest level of image guidance, for a @entity1 where a maximum dose of 119 Gy could be achieved. The evaluation showed that systematic errors had the largest influence. The effects of the uncertainties are most evident where the dose or its gradient is high. CONCLUSIONS: Probabilistic evaluation showed that the geometric uncertainties have a large effect and should be evaluated before approving DPBN plans.

title: Probabilistic evaluation of target dose deterioration in dose painting by numbers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluoro-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II/III lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Internet has become an important source of health-related information for consumers, among whom younger @entity1 constitute a notable group. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the quality and readability of online information about gynecologic @entity5 using validated instruments and (2) to relate the quality of information to its readability. METHODS: Using the Alexa Rank, we obtained a list of 35 Web pages providing information about 7 gynecologic @entity5 . These were assessed using the Health on the Net (HON) seal of approval, the Journal of the American Medical Association ( @entity17264 ) benchmarks, and the DISCERN instrument. Flesch readability score was calculated for sections related to symptoms and signs and treatment. RESULTS: Less than 30% of the Web pages displayed the HON seal or achieved all @entity17264 benchmarks. The majority of the treatment sections were of moderate to high quality according to the DISCERN. There was no significant relationship between the presence of the HON seal and readability. Web pages achieving all @entity17264 benchmarks were significantly more difficult to read and understand than Web pages that missed any of the @entity17264 benchmarks. Treatment-related content of moderate to high quality as assessed by the DISCERN had a significantly better readability score than the low-quality content. CONCLUSIONS: The online information about gynecologic @entity5 provided by the most frequently visited Web pages is of variable quality and in general difficult to read and understand. The relationship between the quality and readability remains unclear. Health care providers should direct their @entity1 to reliable material online because @entity1 consider the Internet as an important source of information.

title: The Quality and Readability of Online Consumer Information About XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Gynecologic Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity460 / @entity560 supplements with a combination of @entity460 / @entity560 supplements and exercise/protein on risk of falling and postural balance. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital physiotherapy department. SUBJECTS: Twenty-four independently living elderly females aged 65 years and older with @entity2331 or @entity170 and mean total hip T-score (SD) of -1.8 (0.8). INTERVENTIONS: A three-month programme consisting of exercise/protein including training of muscular strength, co-ordination, balance and endurance. @entity460 / @entity560 was supplemented in all @entity1 for a 12-month period. OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment took place prior to and following the months 3, 6, 9 and at the end of the study; primary dependent variables assessed were risk of falling (Berg Balance Test) and postural balance (forceplate). Secondary measures included body composition, strength, activity level, number of falls, bone mineral content, biochemical indices, nutritional status and general health. RESULTS: Significant reductions of risk of falling (repeated measures ANOVA F = 8.90, P = 0.008), an increase in muscular strength (ANOVA F = 3.0, P = 0.03), and an increase in activity level (ANOVA F = 3.38, P = 0.02) were found in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Further on, there was 89% reduction of falls reported in the experimental group (experimental pre/post 8/1 falls; control group pre/post 5/6 falls). CONCLUSION: This study provides support for our intervention programme aimed at reducing the risk of falling in elderly @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2331 or @entity170 . The data obtained from the pilot study allow the calculation of the actual sample size needed for a larger randomized trial.

title: Effects of exercise and nutrition on postural balance and risk of falling in elderly XXXX with decreased bone mineral density: randomized controlled trial pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']