abstract: AIM: To investigate the value of retroflexion in detecting @entity5 in the distal rectum. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study performed in an academic endoscopy unit. Consecutive @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy had careful forward viewing of the distal rectum by retroflexion. Of 1502 procedures, 1076 (72%) procedures were performed with a 140 degrees angle of view colonoscope and 426 (28%) were performed with a 170 degrees angle of view colonoscope. The outcome measurement was the yield of @entity5 in the distal rectum detected by forward viewing vs retroflexion. RESULTS: A total of 1502 @entity1 , including 767 (51%) females and 735 (49%) males, with mean age of 58.8 +/- 12.5 years were enrolled. Retroflexion was successful in 1411 (93.9%) @entity1 , unsuccessful or not performed because the rectum appeared narrow in 91 (6.1%). Forty @entity1 had a polyp detected in the distal rectal mucosa. Thirty-three were visible in both the forward and retroflexed view (25 hyperplastic, 8 adenomatous). Seven @entity1127 were visualized only by retroflexion (6 hyperplastic sessile @entity1127 , one 4 mm sessile tubular adenoma). There was no significant difference in information added by retroflexion with 140 degrees vs 170 degrees angle of view instrument. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest reported evaluation of retroflexion in the rectum. Routine @entity3455 did not detect clinically important @entity5 after a careful forward examination of the rectum to the dentate line. Since retroflexion has risks and may cause discomfort, the use of routine retroflexion should be at the discretion of the endoscopist.

title: Routine @entity3455 during colonoscopy has a low yield for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3455 :: ('MESH:D060725', 'Disease') :: ['rectal retroflexion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity432 can be applied during liver resection to reduce @entity190 . Herein, we provide an update of the current evidence concerning @entity432 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to review the effects of liver in- and outflow occlusion techniques during liver resection, focusing on @entity190 and @entity99 -reperfusion injury. RESULTS: The Pringle maneuver (PM) is effective in controlling @entity190 ; however, there is no indication for routine vascular clamping during hepatic resection in uncomplicated @entity1 . During complex resections and in @entity1 with abnormal @entity409 , the intermittent PM is preferred over continuous clamping. Total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) is indicated only in resection of @entity5 involving the inferior caval vein or the caval hepatic junction. THVE can be applied with the preservation of caval vein flow. This mode of selective hepatic vascular exclusion results in less @entity190 in combination with the PM. CONCLUSION: If clamping is necessary during complex resections or in abnormal @entity409 , intermittent PM is advised. THVE or selective hepatic vascular exclusion may be considered in @entity5 involving the inferior caval vein or the caval hepatic junction. There is no evidence supporting the use of ischemic preconditioning, maintenance of a low central venous pressure or of pharmacological interventions during liver resection.

title: XXXX or not during liver resection: the continuing story.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular occlusion', 'vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Vascular occlusion']


abstract: Our previous studies indicate that impaired function of skeletal muscle limits the exercise tolerance of @entity1 with @entity454 who are either maintained on dialysis or undergo renal transplantation. To study the morphology of the condition, muscle biopsies were performed on eight @entity1 with @entity177 -associated @entity121 . Control samples were taken from seven healthy athletes undergoing knee surgery and from five otherwise healthy but untrained subjects. Tissues were examined by routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical staining of frozen sections for @entity3999 @entity859 triphosphatase and quantitative computer-assisted morphometry of the fiber type and size was performed. The mean (+/- SD) size for type I fibers in @entity1 was 61.2 +/- 11.8 microns, while type II fibers measured 46.7 +/- 11.4 microns. The mean percentage of type II fibers was 67% +/- 12%. These values are within the normal population range and were not different from controls. Significant changes were found on light microscopy of @entity1 samples. These included fiber splitting, internalized nuclei, nuclear knots, moth-eaten fibers, fiber degeneration and regeneration, increased content of lipid droplets, and fiber-type grouping. Electron microscopy showed a large variety of @entity854 , including mitochondrial changes, Z-band degeneration, @entity393 , and accumulation of intracellular glycogen. Ten of 12 control subjects showed no such changes; minor abnormalities were noted on both light and electron microscopy in the remaining two subjects. Muscle oxidative capacity (19.5 +/- 5.1 microL O2/min) for @entity1 with @entity454 was not different from values for those who had undergone renal transplantation, but was lower than values found in trained athletes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphologic features of the XXXX associated with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['myofilament loss']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By taking parameters into account that describe the variability of continuously monitored @entity413 and long-term metabolic control [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)], the @entity413 pentagon model (GPM) allows characterization of the @entity413 profile of individual @entity1 with @entity6 in a graphical format. A glycemic risk parameter (GRP) derived from this model might allow a better prognosis of the risk to develop @entity2412 than the HbA1c. METHODS: To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed a subset of data from the @entity6 Research Foundation continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) study. The values of the different parameters that are integrated in the GPM were extracted automatically from CGM profiles registered before and after 6 months by means of the Medtronic CGM system in 108 @entity1 . RESULTS: In these @entity1 , the significant reduction in @entity4051 c from 7.4% to 7.0% was accompanied by a reduction in glycemia from 164 to 156 mg/dl, standard deviation from 61 to 57 mg/dl, area under the curve >160 mg/dl 29.2 to 23.1, and time per day >160 mg/dl 634 to 576 min. This led to a subsequent reduction in GRP from 3.3 to 2.7; this decrease by 18.2% was significantly larger than that in @entity4051 c by 8.6% (p < .001). Changes in individual GPMs/GRPs support this observation. They also show the impact of high glycemic variability on GPM/GRP. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of data of a study with a considerable sample size and study duration showed that the GPM is not only helpful for rapid assessment of individual glycemic profiles and how therapeutic interventions influence these, but also appears to provide a better prognosis of the risk to develop late complications than the HbA1c per se. However, it is also clear that a true validation of such a model requires performance of a long-term study in a large number of @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Prediction of the risk to develop @entity6 -related late complications by means of the @entity413 pentagon model: analysis of data from the @entity6 Research Foundation continuous XXXX monitoring study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interval appendectomy has been known to be an effective and safe treatment for a periappendiceal @entity733 , but there is no study on a laparoscopic approach for the treatment of a periappendiceal @entity733 . The aim of this study is to investigate the value of laparoscopic interval appendectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 56 @entity1 who had been admitted due to a periappendiceal @entity733 to Chungbuk National University Hospital from July 2005 to June 2010. Fifteen @entity1 underwent an initial conservative treatment and interval appendectomy. Medical records were reviewed for the postoperative hospital course such as complications, time of initiation of diet, time since stopping antibiotics, symptoms' relief period, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: All @entity1 received initial conservative treatment [percutaneous drainage insertion (1 case failed) and intravenous antibiotics], and the initial length of hospital stay was 11.6  4.3 days. Percutaneous drainage was removed a mean of 21.7  9.4 days after the initial treatment. Interval appendectomy was performed at a mean of 64.0  17.8 days after initial admission. The duration of use of intravenous antibiotics was a mean of 4.1  1.8 days after laparoscopic interval appendectomy. The complication rate was 1 (6.7%) and the open conversion rate was 1 (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that initial conservative treatment and laparoscopic interval appendectomy represented a feasible and effective treatment for @entity1 with a periappendiceal @entity733 .

title: The value of a laparoscopic interval appendectomy for treatment of a periappendiceal XXXX : experience of a single medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the employment outcome in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and to identify which @entity1 are at risk of unemployment 3 years after injury. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity131 discharged from the neurosurgery departments of 3 level 1 @entity130 centers in The Netherlands. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 18 to 65 years (N=113; mean age    SD, 33.2  13.1y; 73% @entity1 ) who were hospitalized with moderate (26% of @entity1 ) to severe (74% of @entity1 ) @entity131 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was employment status. Potential predictors included @entity1 characteristics, @entity130 factors, functional outcome measured at discharge from the acute hospital with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Barthel Index (BI), and @entity15467 , and cognitive functioning measured with the Functional Assessment Measure (FAM). RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 (83%) completed the 3-year follow-up. The employment rate dropped from 80% preinjury to 15% at 3 months postinjury and gradually increased to 55% after 3 years. The employment rate significantly increased from 3 months up to 1 year, but it did not change significantly from 1 to 3 years postinjury. Age, length of hospital stay, discharge to a nursing home (vs home), @entity146 symptoms, and BI, GOS, @entity15467 , and FAM scores were found to be significant univariate determinants for employment status. By using multiple logistic regression analysis, the FAM score (adjusted odds ratio 1.1; P<.000) and @entity146 symptoms (adjusted odds ratio .08; P<.019) were selected as independent predictors for employment status. A FAM cutoff score of less than 65 to identify @entity1 at risk of long-term unemployment had a good diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity131 with @entity146 symptoms and @entity73 at hospital discharge are at the highest risk of long-term unemployment. These factors should be the focus of vocational rehabilitation.

title: A prospective study on employment outcome 3 years after moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity1729 are a group of diseases commonly related to the elderly, since the @entity683 virus is one of the main etiological agents. Vaccination of these individuals is considered by the World Health Organization to be the most effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality from the disease. Brazil has sought in recent years to vaccinate 80% of the target population. This study sought to relate the vaccination coverage for @entity683 and the mortality rate from @entity1576 in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis. Data on vaccination coverage in 2010 of the 496 municipalities of the elderly in Rio Grande do Sul were obtained from the website of the National Immunization Program and mortality in the Mortality Information System. The results showed that 49% of municipalities reached the target of 80% of seniors vaccinated. In municipalities with below target vaccination coverage, the number of @entity204 was 5.2 per 1,000 elderly. This average is significantly higher than in municipalities with coverage equal to or above 80%. The conclusion is that the target proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to vaccinate 80% or more of the elderly is effective in reducing mortality from @entity1576 .

title: [Vaccine coverage related to lower mortality for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory diseases']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate by a retrospective analysis of 53 @entity1 the efficacy of chemotherapy combining @entity2879 and @entity900 in the treatment of @entity5 . The regimen was a combination of @entity2879 100 mg m(-2) day(-1) for 3 days and @entity900 100 mg m(-2) on day 1, given by 2-h intravenous infusion, administered every 21 days. Twelve @entity1 had a well-differentiated and 41 a poorly differentiated @entity5 . @entity137 of treatment was assessed in 50 @entity1 and efficacy in 52 @entity1 . Among the 11 @entity1 with a well-differentiated @entity5 evaluable for @entity5 response, only one (9.4%) had a partial response for 8.5 months. Forty-one @entity1 with a poorly differentiated @entity5 showed an objective response rate of 41.5% (four complete and 13 partial responses); the median duration of response was 9.2 months, the median overall survival 15 months and the median progression-free survival 8.9 months. Haematological grade 3-4 @entity137 was observed in 60% of the cases with one treatment-related death, digestive grade 3-4 @entity137 in 40% and grade 3 alopecia was constant. No severe @entity8 were observed (grade 1 in 6%, 14%, 72% respectively and no grade >1). We confirm that poorly differentiated @entity5 are chemosensitive to the @entity2879 plus @entity900 combination. However, the prognosis remains poor with a 2-year survival lower than 20% confirming that new therapeutic strategies have to be developed.

title: Treatment of poorly differentiated @entity5 with XXXX and @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal, hearing and neurological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumoural', 'neuroendocrine tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Induction of @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ) and mitoinhibitory effects were studied in the hepatocytes of F344 @entity35 exposed in vivo to the methylating agents @entity1232 ( @entity1233 , hepatocarcinogen) and @entity7044 ( @entity7045 , non-hepatocarcinogen). @entity137 and @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) in @entity35 liver were also investigated to clarify the cause of changes in @entity7322 and mitoinhibitory effects, respectively. The animals were killed at different intervals (up to 14 days) after a single oral dose, or 1 day after 7 or 14 days of repeated oral doses. The hepatocytes were isolated and cultured with Williams' medium E to assess their @entity7322 , mitoinhibitory effects and @entity2008 . Mitoinhibitory effects were investigated by monitoring their effect on epidermal growth factor-induced @entity7322 (EGF-induced @entity7322 ) in @entity35 hepatocytes. Hepatotoxic effects were assessed by measuring @entity492 transaminase and @entity493 transaminase in the plasma and by histopathological examination. In the single-dose study, @entity1233 (20 mg/kg body weight (bw)) induced both @entity7322 and hepatotoxicity. @entity7045 (50 mg/kg bw) induced @entity7322 without causing hepatotoxicity, and thus was classified as a mitogen. In the repeated-dose study, @entity1233 (4 mg/kg bw) induced both @entity7322 and hepatotoxicity, but @entity7045 (10 mg/kg bw) induced neither. Both inhibition of EGF-induced @entity7322 and induction of @entity2008 were observed in the hepatocytes of @entity35 treated with @entity1233 , but were not observed with @entity7045 in both single and repeated dose studies. The mitoinhibitory effect of @entity1233 persisted for 14 days after the single dose and time dependently increased for 14 days after repeated administration. This mitoinhibitory effect correlated positively with @entity2008 . The mitoinhibitory effect was thought to be attributable to the DNA-damaging effect that induces @entity2008 . We concluded that the differences which we found in this study between @entity1233 and @entity7045 contribute to the differences in their hepatocarcinogenicity. Our findings suggested that both cell proliferative and mitoinhibitory properties play an important role in @entity5 promotion, and measuring them may provide an ancillary index that is useful in predicting hepatocarcinogenicity.

title: A short-term assessment of XXXX activity in the livers of @entity35 treated with two genotoxic methylating agents: @entity1232 and @entity7044 .

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome aberrations', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['RDS', 'replicative DNA synthesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor-promotion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective and cross-sectional studies have confirmed a significant association between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements and @entity174 risk. However, the relationship among incident @entity174 risk, mortality, @entity79 , and quantitative ultrasound is controversial and less studied. METHODS: At baseline, 275 postmenopausal elderly @entity1 were evaluated by clinical questionnaire regarding @entity174 risk factors and had radiological analysis of the spine, spine and femur dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneous quantitative ultrasound measurements. Five years later, 42 (15.3%) @entity1 had died, 25 (9.1%) were lost to follow-up, and 208 (75.6%) continued the study. Specific questionnaire items regarding @entity174 risk were reevaluated, and thoracic and lumbar spine x-rays were taken to identify new @entity174 . Causes of mortality in this population were also assessed. All reported @entity204 were confirmed by review of @entity204 certificates or hospital records and were classified according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code. RESULTS: After adjustments for age, weight, body mass index, smoking status, previous @entity174 , physical activity, drug use, and presence of @entity102 , each 1 standard deviation (SD) reduction in stiffness index (SI) at baseline was significantly associated with future @entity174 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-3.83) and total mortality 5 years later (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.10-2.47). Femoral neck and trochanter @entity79 values at baseline were also related to new @entity174 (HR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.27-3.18 and HR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.42, respectively) and total mortality (HR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06-2.22 and HR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07-2.36, respectively). @entity65 was associated with decreased baseline femur @entity79 (HR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-2.26) and lower SI values (HR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08-2.79). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that low femoral @entity79 and low SI are able to predict @entity174 risk and are related to non-cause-specific and cardiovascular mortality, independently of other factors associated with @entity170 , @entity204 , or aging.

title: Low femoral @entity79 and quantitative ultrasound are risk factors for new osteoporotic fracture and total and cardiovascular mortality: a 5-year population-based study of Brazilian elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Effects of rectally injected @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in @entity35 with dextran @entity2398 (DSS)-induced @entity1960 were investigated in terms of histopathology, local @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, local mRNA expression of @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) and growth-regulated gene produced/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant ( @entity4646 /CINC)-1, and secretion of @entity1505 and @entity4646 / @entity4646 . In animals with no @entity1421 treatment, DSS-induced @entity2681 and @entity1066 were particularly severe in the rectum and extended to the proximal colon. Neutrophil infiltration was characteristically present in the lesions and surrounding mucosa. @entity1589 activity at lesion sites was increased. @entity3426 and @entity4646 / @entity4646 mRNA expression was increased, while @entity1505 mRNA expression was significantly decreased. @entity4646 / @entity4646 secretion was increased but a similar elevation of @entity1505 was not detected. In the @entity1421 -treated group, lesion formation was inhibited grossly and microscopically. Neutrophil infiltration and @entity1589 activity in and around lesions were lessened. The reduction in @entity1505 mRNA expression and secretion was not affected by @entity1421 . The expression of mRNA for @entity3426 and @entity4646 / @entity4646 was reduced, as was the secretion of @entity4646 / @entity4646 . As mRNA expression and secretion of cytokines in lesions of non- @entity1421 -treated animals was similar to that reported in @entity1 @entity31 , rectal injection of @entity1421 may prove to be an effective therapy.

title: XXXX inhibits lesion formation in dextran @entity2398 -induced @entity1960 in @entity35 and reduces the levels of mucosal inflammatory cytokines.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2398 :: ('CHEBI:32149', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulphate']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: The @entity736 ( @entity736 ) arteriovenous @entity292 allows vascular access for haemodialysis where a primary @entity292 or brachio-basilic vein transposition is not possible. We report patency rates and complications associated with these prosthetic grafts. Fifty-nine upper limb PTFE grafts in 48 @entity1 were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 19 months (range 2-54 months). Three grafts (5%) were never used. The primary patency rate at 6 weeks was 90%. Cumulative secondary patency rates were 66% at 6 months, 36% at 12 months, 17% at 18 months, 3% at 24 months and 2% at 30 months. None of the grafts had remained patent at 3 years. Forty-six percent of the grafts studied thrombosed at least once and 32% became infected. Although the initial primary patency rate achieved compares favourably with that reported for brachio-basilic transposition fistulae, this study confirms that the use of prosthetic material is associated with a poor overall patency rate and high risk of complications. All options using autologous vein should be exhausted before considering prosthetic material.

title: Follow-up of XXXX arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) is a common @entity6220 caused by a duplication of the gene for the myelin protein @entity12344 , resulting in overexpression of @entity12344 in young @entity1 . Although genetically well defined, the pathogenesis of the @entity6220 @entity5108 is still unclear. Homology of @entity12344 cDNA to the growth arrest-specific gene @entity12344 and experiments in vitro showing decreased proliferation in @entity12344 -overexpressing Schwann cells suggest a role of @entity12344 in Schwann cell differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of @entity12344 in fibroblasts induces programmed cell death. In this report we applied morphometrical methods using electron micrographs and immunohistochemistry to further characterise Schwann cells in @entity5108 nerve biopsy samples from @entity5108 @entity1 . We show that the total number of @entity12344 -expressing Schwann cells, i.e. Schwann cells that are in a 1:1 relationship with axons, was not reduced in sural nerve biopsy samples from six young @entity5108 @entity1 . We excluded non-specific secondary Schwann cell proliferation. Thus, in young @entity5108 @entity1 with increased @entity12344 overexpression there seems to be no evidence for altered initial Schwann cell proliferation in achieving a 1:1 relationship to axons prior to the process of de- and remyelination. Further, using electron microscopy we found no evidence for apoptosis of Schwann cells in @entity5108 . However, we provide additional support for an abnormal Schwann cell phenotype in @entity5108 by showing the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity in onion bulbs. Thus, the role of @entity12344 in cell growth and differentiation does not lead to an altered number of myelinating Schwann cells but to altered Schwann cell differentiation in @entity5108 .

title: Schwann cell differentiation in XXXX ( @entity5108 ): normal number of myelinating Schwann cells in young @entity5108 @entity1 and neural cell adhesion molecule expression in onion bulbs.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary demyelinating neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A', 'CMT1A']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A']


abstract: Recent observations from this laboratory indicated a role of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in masculine differentiation of the external genitalia of the fetal @entity19 , induced by fetal @entity251 . In this communication, we further investigated the role played by @entity1421 in the @entity251 -induced differentiation of the internal genital tract (Wolffian duct) of the fetal @entity19 . Using in vitro organ culture bioassay of Wolffian duct differentiation, we determined the effect of a PG-depleting agent, namely, anti- @entity1421 antibody, and of inhibitors of PG synthesis for their ability to prevent Wolffian duct differentiation in the presence of @entity251 . We demonstrated that anti- @entity1421 antibody inhibited Wolffian duct differentiation in a dose-dependent manner in embryonic male explants containing fetal testes. At 1:10 dilution, the antibody inhibited the appearance of the entire Wolffian duct as well as growth of the specimen. At 1:100 dilution, however, only development of the Wolffian duct was prevented, as indicated by the absence of regions of the Wolffian duct or by the presence of epithelial disintegration throughout the ductal lumen. The antibody at 1:1000 dilution produced no significant effect on the appearance of the Wolffian duct. @entity1421 (10 micrograms/ml) replacement in the medium prevented Wolffian duct disintegration induced by anti- @entity1421 . We next determined whether the @entity251 -dependent Wolffian duct differentiation requires ongoing PG synthesis within the reproductive tract and analyzed the effects of the compounds inhibiting PG synthesis at the level of @entity23834 ( @entity23834 ) namely, @entity821 and @entity619 -and of those inhibiting at the level of cyclooxygenase-namely, @entity117 and @entity3352 . We have demonstrated that both @entity23834 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors inhibited Wolffian duct differentiation in the male explant, i.e., in the presence of testis. These compounds also prevented the appearance of the Wolffian duct in female explants induced by exogenous @entity251 . @entity1421 added in the medium blocked the anti-masculinizing effects of PG synthesis inhibitors both in the male and female specimens. Thus, it appears that PG synthesis plays a role in the @entity251 -induced masculine differentiation of the Wolffian duct.

title: Role of prostaglandins in the XXXX -dependent wolffian duct differentiation of the fetal @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: This study examined the merits of oral @entity4341 SPECT thallium-201 imaging in detecting CAD and multivessel CAD. The 65 @entity1 included in this study (aged 62 +/- 11 years) were not candidates for exercise testing (for the usual reasons). Coronary arteriography revealed no significant CAD in 17 @entity1 and greater than or equal to 50% narrowing of one or more vessels in 48 @entity1 ; 12 had one-vessel and 36 had multivessel CAD (high-risk group). @entity3154 was injected intravenously 45 minutes after an oral dose of 375 mg of @entity4341 , and SPECT imaging was performed within 10 minutes and 4 hours after injection. There were no serious side effects; only six @entity1 (8%) had ST segment @entity308 and 18 @entity1 (28%) had @entity662 . The heart rate increased from 74 +/- 15 beats/min at rest to 84 +/- 14 beats/min at peak effect (p = 0.001); the systolic blood pressure did not change (130 +/- 18 and 128 +/- 20 mm Hg, respectively, p = NS). The thallium images were abnormal in 6 of 17 @entity1 (35%) with no CAD, in 7 of 12 @entity1 with @entity66 (58%), and in 34 of 36 @entity1 with multivessel CAD (94%) (p = 0.001). Twenty-one of 25 @entity1 (84%) with a perfusion abnormality in more than one vascular territory had multivessel CAD assessed by angiography. Thus oral @entity4341 SPECT thallium-201 imaging is a safe and inexpensive method for the detection of CAD in @entity1 who are otherwise not candidates for exercise testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of oral XXXX SPECT thallium-201 imaging in detection of coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['one-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: Coarctate reactions are defined as reactions that include atoms at which two bonds are made and two bonds are broken simultaneously. In the pursuit of the discovery of new coarctate reactions we investigate the fragmentation reactions of @entity51025 . Three ketals with different ring sizes derived from @entity51026 were decomposed by photolysis and pyrolysis. Particularly clean is the photolysis of the @entity51026 ketal 1, which gives @entity51027 , @entity544 and @entity1786 . The mechanism formally corresponds to a photochemically allowed @entity1949 . Pyrolysis of the five-ring ketal yields a number of products. This is in agreement with the fact that @entity1949 observed upon irradiation would be thermochemically forbidden, although this exclusion principle does not hold for chelotropic reactions. In contrast, fragmentation of the seven-ring ketal 3 is thermochemically allowed and photochemically forbidden. Upon pyrolysis of 3 several products were isolated that could be explained by a @entity1949 . However, the reaction is less clean and stepwise mechanisms may compete.

title: Thermochemistry and photochemistry of spiroketals derived from XXXX : Stepwise processes versus coarctate fragmentations.

entities_list: @entity51025 :: ('CHEBI:59779', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic ketals']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['coarctate fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity51027 :: ('CHEBI:52411', 'Chemical') :: ['o-quinodimethane']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity51026 :: (CHEBI:27930,Chemical) :: ['indan-2-one']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic causes of @entity15285 BACKGROUND: @entity15285 is a rare @entity74 characterised by @entity15405 , @entity22801 ( @entity245 / @entity1032 ), @entity2055 , @entity4643 , and @entity1575 . The @entity44999 falls in a spectrum of mid-hindbrain @entity600 called the @entity13258 ( @entity13258 ), making COACH a @entity74 ( @entity74 ). METHODS: In a cohort of 251 families with @entity74 , 26 subjects in 23 families met criteria for @entity15285 , defined as @entity74 plus clinically apparent @entity409 . Diagnostic criteria for @entity74 were clinical findings ( @entity73 , @entity2421 , @entity2055 ) plus supportive brain imaging findings ( @entity13258 or @entity15405 ). @entity45000 / @entity45000 was sequenced in all subjects for whom DNA was available. In COACH subjects without @entity45000 mutations, @entity20460 , @entity45001 and @entity8101 were also sequenced. RESULTS: 19/23 families (83%) with @entity15285 carried @entity45000 mutations, compared to 2/209 (1%) with @entity74 but no @entity409 . Two other families with COACH carried @entity20460 mutations, one family carried @entity45001 mutations, and one lacked mutations in @entity45000 , @entity20460 , @entity45001 and @entity8101 . Liver biopsies from three subjects, each with mutations in one of the three genes, revealed changes within the @entity1575 spectrum. In @entity74 with and without @entity409 , @entity45000 mutations account for 21/232 families (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity45000 are responsible for the majority of @entity15285 , with minor contributions from @entity20460 and @entity45001 ; therefore, @entity45000 should be the first gene tested in @entity1 with @entity74 plus @entity409 , followed by @entity20460 and @entity45001 .

title: Mutations in 3 genes ( @entity45000 , XXXX and @entity45001 ) cause @entity15285 (Joubert syndrome with congenital hepatic fibrosis).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity22801 :: ('MESH:D016111', 'Disease') :: ['Oligophrenia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease and/or coloboma', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity15285 :: ('MESH:C536430', 'Disease') :: ['COACH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity44999 :: ('MESH:C580212', 'Disease') :: ['vermis hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Joubert syndrome related disorder', 'autosomal recessive disorder', 'JSRD']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hepatic fibrosis/ductal plate malformation', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'molar tooth sign']

entities_list: @entity15405 :: ('MESH:C562568', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia', 'cerebellar vermis hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'Ataxia']

answer: @entity20460 :: (57545,Gene) :: ['CC2D2A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent problem after @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) repair. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity2910 and @entity355 more than 10 years after repair of @entity1152 . METHODS: Ninety-two @entity1 treated between 1973 and 1985 were included in this prospective study. A questionnaire was completed by 86 @entity1 ; esophagogastroscopy was performed in 49 @entity1 . RESULTS: Only 36 @entity1 had no complaints at all. Thirty-one @entity1 complained of difficulties swallowing solid food; 23 complained of heartburn. Esophagogastroscopy revealed grade 3 @entity2910 in 2 @entity1 and a macroscopic image of @entity355 in 2. Histology showed @entity2910 in 30 @entity1 , @entity356 in 3, and no intestinal metaplasia ( @entity355 ). CONCLUSIONS: For epidemiologic reasons, that is, the short interval of follow-up (10 years) and the low compliance of the study group, larger numbers are needed to decide if routine long-term endoscopic screening after repair of @entity1152 is necessary. For now, it cannot yet be recommended. The prevalence of symptoms of @entity354 in this study group is higher than that in the general population, but we found no severe complications of @entity354 in the pediatric age group.

title: @entity2910 and @entity355 after correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric metaplasia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 ( @entity32234 ) expression in the autologous vein grafts and vein graft @entity731 . METHODS: Thirty New Zealand white @entity95 were randomly assigned to normal control group ( @entity95 fed with normal diet, n = 10), vein graft group (autologous external jugular vein grafting to common carotid artery and fed with normal diet, n = 10) or vein graft plus high-lipid diet group (autologous vein graft and fed with high-lipid diet, n = 10) for 12 weeks. @entity32234 expressions in the grafts were examined by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The relationships between serum total @entity165 level, intimal thickness and @entity32234 expression were also investigated. RESULTS: @entity32234 expression was low in the endothelium of external jugular veins in the normal control group and significantly increased in the endothelium and @entity8233 of vein grafts in the vein graft group (0.31 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01) and which was further increased in the endothelium and @entity731 in the vein graft plus high-lipid diet group (0.93 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.14, P < 0.01). @entity32234 expression in the @entity731 was located both in endothelial cells and foam cells and the expression was most prominent in endothelial cells. @entity32234 expression and intimal thickness were positively related to serum total @entity165 level (P = 0.00 and 0.02) and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.78 and 0.42, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity32234 expression is increased in endothelium and @entity8233 of autologous vein grafts of @entity95 . @entity1007 upregulates @entity32234 expression in vein graft @entity731 . Thus, @entity32234 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of vein graft @entity731 .

title: [Increased lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression in the autologous vein grafts and vein graft XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Data on the prevalence and regional distribution of the @entity209 in Germany are lacking, in particular for primary care. METHODS: In October 2005 anthropometric measurements were taken from 35 869 consecutive @entity1 aged 18 to 99 years, in 1511 primary care practices. Waist circumference, blood pressure, lifestyle, and past medical history were assessed and blood tests taken (HDL-, LDL- and total @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 ). Crude and age-standardized prevalence were calculated. RESULTS: @entity1 in the eastern part of Germany showed a higher age-standardized prevalence of the @entity209 than @entity1 in the western part (21.1%; 95% CI: 19.9 to 22.4 respectively 17.7%; 95% CI: 17.2 to 18.3). In @entity1 the prevalences were 22.7% (95% CI: 20.9 to 24.4) and 21.4% (95% CI: 20.6 to 22.1) respectively. @entity1 from Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg, and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania showed the highest prevalence, while @entity1 in Hamburg, Berlin, and Hesse and @entity1 in Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, and Hamburg showed the lowest prevalence. @entity65 prevalence was comparable, while @entity6 prevalence was higher in @entity1 from eastern Germany (17% vs.13% in @entity1 ; 12% vs. 9% in @entity1 ). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of the @entity209 in German primary care is high. Prevention efforts should focus in particular on differences in gender, socioeconomic status, and region.

title: Regional differences in the prevalence of the XXXX in primary care practices in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 exhibit impairment in their ability to accurately recognize @entity2652 in others, and the severity of this emotion perception deficit has been associated with poorer functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying @entity51 are poorly understood. There is evidence to suggest that @entity1 , particularly those with certain positive symptoms, may misinterpret other @entity1 's facial expressions as having an overly negative valence. The present study examined the degree to which attribution biases in facial emotion perception are associated with @entity146 symptomatology and social and @entity73 . SAMPLING AND METHODS: The error profiles from a facial emotion perception test were analyzed and compared for 67 @entity161 state hospital inpatients and 21 nonpsychiatric controls. Attribution bias scores were separately computed for each of six types of emotion. RESULTS: The error profiles were remarkably similar for @entity1 as a group and controls. Within the @entity1 group, severity of positive symptoms was associated with more 'fear' misperceptions. @entity1 with relatively high levels of 'anger' misperceptions tended to have more severe disorganization and negative symptoms and more pronounced @entity73 . Interestingly, @entity1 who erroneously reported seeing relatively high levels of 'shame' and 'happiness' showed better functioning and less severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Attribution biases appear to play a role in contributing to @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity161 . The lack of an isomorphic attribution bias across @entity1 highlights the importance of considering @entity161 heterogeneity when attempting to understand and treat social @entity73 .

title: Attribution biases in XXXX : relationship to @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairments', 'occupational impairments', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion perception deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A series of 12 @entity1 with @entity11 , is presented treated by direct surgery. Mean age was 19 years. All @entity1 presented with signs of @entity428 and supratentorial hydrocephalus on CT scan. @entity892 was the most common local sign. CT scan and MR imaging showed 4 intrinsic, 6 exophytic, and 2 ventrally infiltrating @entity5 . The histological diagnosis was low-grade @entity816 in 7, high-grade @entity816 in 2, @entity3271 in one, oligo- @entity816 in one, and @entity424 in one case. The suboccipital supra- and transtentorial approach was used in every cases. @entity5 resection was generous at the level of the superior colliculi, but on the contrary, resection was limited at the level of inferior colliculi due to the auditory risk. @entity5 removal was total (macroscopically) in 9 cases and partial in 3 cases. There were 4 surgical complications and one death related to surgery. @entity1319 was the most-common postoperative sequelae. @entity2167 and the @entity1057 were seen once. In three cases additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given once with severe sequelae. The treatment of @entity11 is controversial. The role of different therapeutic options remains open. We consider the tectal plate as a relatively safer territory for surgery than the ventral part of the midbrain. The brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and middle latency potentials (MLPs) monitoring can help to determine the appropriate limit of surgery.

title: XXXX . Part I: Microsurgery of the @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tectal tumours', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neglect syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['tectal plate gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ["Parinaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Tectal plate gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of @entity170 is observed in @entity30 . Recent data have shown that homocysteinaemia is an important risk factor in @entity79 and @entity174 . AIM: To look for an association between homocysteinaemia and @entity79 in @entity30 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 (sex ratio M/F 0.87; mean age: 36.6 +/- 13.2 years) were recruited between 2003 and 2005. Bone densitometry was performed on inclusion. The following parameters were analysed: age, sex, @entity30 Activity Index, duration and extent of @entity30 , smoking status, corticosteroid treatment, immunosuppressive drugs, plasma @entity1255 , @entity1501 and @entity2186 concentration. RESULTS: The prevalence of a high @entity1255 level (>15 micromol/L) was 60%. @entity170 and @entity79 observed in 26 (28%), and 60 (65%) @entity1 , respectively. On a multivariate analysis, associated factors for @entity170 and @entity79 were respectively: hyperhomocysteinaemia (OR: 61.4; CI: 95: 23-250; P < 0.001), and ileal @entity30 [OR: 13.8; CI: 95: 2.5-150; P = 0.036] for @entity170 and hyperhomocysteinaemia [OR: 63.7; CI: 95: 8.5-250; P < 0.001] and disease duration of at least 5 years [OR: 11.4; CI: 95: 1.31-99; P = 0.039] for @entity79 . Results were similar whichever site @entity170 was detected. CONCLUSION: Hyperhomocysteinaemia was observed in 60% of our @entity30 @entity1 and was strongly associated with @entity79 and @entity170 (OR: 61.4).

title: Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with @entity170 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low-bone mineralization']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occult @entity3 (OICC) is sometimes incidentally found in surgical specimens after a simple hysterectomy (SH). This study was aimed at identifying a subset of @entity1 with OICC who have a favorable prognosis. This @entity1 group may not require adjuvant radiotherapy and other procedures. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 in whom OICC was detected after an inadvertent SH were retrospectively reviewed. The relevant data, including clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and clinical outcome were evaluated. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), respectively. RESULTS: Eighty-nine @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria were included for analysis, and the risk of OICC was found to be 1.9  %. Finding an invasive @entity5 in a hysterectomy specimen after a conization procedure that shows positive margins was the most common reason (41.6  %) for the performance of inadvertent SH. In the univariate analysis, a @entity5 width   >   20  mm, deep stromal invasion, and lymph node @entity3 (LNM) were adversely associated with relapse (P   <   0.001, < 0.001, and   =   0.001, respectively) and survival (P   =   0.003, 0.004, and 0.027, respectively), although these parameters were not independently associated with @entity1 prognoses in the multivariate analysis. In @entity1 with a @entity5 width    <=   20  mm and superficial stromal invasion in the observation subgroup, the 5-year RFS and 5-year OS were both 100  %, whereas they were 57.1  % and 66.7  %, respectively, in @entity1 with a @entity5 size   >   20  mm and deep stromal invasion in the radiotherapy or chemotherapy subgroup (P   <   0.001, and   =   0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Simple observation after a lymphadenectomy procedure may be feasible in OICC @entity1 with a @entity5 width    <=   20  mm, superficial stromal invasion, a negative section margin in hysterectomy specimens, and no LNM.

title: Occult XXXX after simple hysterectomy: a multi-center retrospective study of 89 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver @entity82 is considered to be a contraindication for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The aim of this study was to present 4 cases of successful PD in cirrhotic @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Among the charts of 90 @entity1 who underwent PD between 2004 and 2008, 4 @entity1 with @entity1575 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 3 males and 1 female, aged from 53 to 66 years, who underwent PD for @entity788 (n=3) or @entity189 (n=1). The median @entity5 size was 21mm (18-26) and 2 @entity1 had preoperative biliary drainage. All @entity1 had biopsy showing @entity5 prior to the operation. @entity82 was preoperatively suspected due to chronic @entity988 or liver dismorphy on CTscan and confirmed histologically in all @entity1 . All @entity1 were @entity1 Pugh A without portal @entity101 . The median operating time was 575 minutes (480-600) and 2 @entity1 received an intraoperative blood transfusion. No @entity1 died postoperatively. All @entity1 had postoperative complications: @entity843 (n=2), @entity3472 (soft pancreas) (n=2) and @entity358 (n=1). There was neither @entity1578 nor @entity86 . Two @entity1 required re-operation for suspected @entity5327 (n=1) and @entity3472 (n=1). The median length of hospitalization was 50 days (41-74). The median survival was 12.5 months (3 @entity1 are alive and disease free). CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that PD in @entity1 with @entity1 A @entity1575 should not be systematically considered as a contraindication.

title: XXXX should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A @entity614 model @entity158 behavioral responses after nerve root reinjury. OBJECTIVES: To gain a further understanding of central sensitization and neuroinflammation associated with @entity614 after repeated @entity128 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with chronic @entity158 remain obscure. It has been hypothesized that lumbar @entity130 produces neuroimmunologic and neurochemical changes, sensitizing the spinal cord and causing @entity158 responses to manifest with greater intensity and longer duration after reinjury. However, this remains untested experimentally. METHODS: Male Holtzman @entity35 were divided into two groups: a sham group having only nerve root exposure, and a chromic group in which the nerve root was ligated loosely with chromic gut suture. Animals underwent a second procedure at 42 days. The chromic group was further divided into a reinjury group and a chromic-sham group, in which the lumbar roots were only re-exposed. Bilateral mechanical @entity1931 was continuously assessed throughout the study. Qualitative assessment of spinal cord glial activation and IL-beta expression was performed. RESULTS: Mechanical @entity1931 was significantly greater on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides after reinjury (P < 0.001), and the response did not return to baseline after reinjury, as it did with the @entity130 . There were also persistent spinal astrocytic and microglial activation and @entity3426 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The bilateral responses support central modulation of @entity158 after @entity128 . An exaggerated and more prolonged response bilaterally after reinjury suggests central sensitization after @entity130 . Neuroinflammatory activation in the spinal cord further supports the hypothesis that central neuroinflammation plays an important role in chronic @entity158 .

title: Repeated @entity128 produces enhanced mechanical XXXX and persistent spinal neuroinflammation.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'investigated pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'chronic lumbar radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'root injury']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['allodynia']


abstract: A compendium of carcinogenesis bioassay results organized by target organ is presented for 738 chemicals that are carcinogenic in chronic-exposure, long-term bioassays in at least 1 species. This compendium is based primarily on experiments in @entity35 or @entity19 ; results in hamsters, monkeys, and @entity235 are also reported. The compendium can be used to identify chemicals that induce @entity5 at particular sites and to determine whether target sites are the same for chemicals positive in more than 1 species. The source of information is the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB). which includes results of 6073 experiments on 1458 chemicals (positive or negative for carcinogenicity) that have been reported in Technical Reports of the National @entity5 Institute/National Toxicology Program or in papers in the general published literature. The published CPDB includes detailed analyses of each test and citations. The CPDB is publicly available in several formats (http://potency.berkeley.edu). @entity576 are reported for 35 different target organs in @entity35 or @entity19 . Target organs in @entity1 are also summarized for 82 agents that have been evaluated as @entity1 carcinogens at a particular target site by the International Agency for Research on @entity5 (IARC). Comparisons are provided of target organs for mutagens versus nonmutagens and @entity35 versus @entity19 .

title: Compendium of chemical carcinogens by target organ: results of chronic bioassays in @entity35 , XXXX , hamsters, @entity235 , and monkeys.

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) plays a pivotal role in tissue degradation during @entity5 spread and @entity3 . We have quantitated @entity2290 in tissue homogenates of 31 serous @entity43 and localized @entity2290 and its mRNA in tissue sections of 26 serous @entity43 . The content of @entity2290 was higher in malignant than in @entity5 , with the highest levels being found in poorly differentiated @entity5 . In tissue sections, the @entity2290 mRNA was hybridized with a radiolabeled RNA probe. Signals were almost exclusively found in the epithelium in @entity5 and in well-differentiated @entity5 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 and @entity3 exhibited prominent stromal expression of @entity2290 mRNA, whereas epithelial expression was weak or absent. Immuno-histochemical staining co-localized @entity2290 antigen with its mRNA in the epithelium of @entity5 and in well-differentiated @entity5 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 showed extensive immunostaining in the epithelium in addition to stromal staining. The @entity2290 mRNA-expressing and @entity2290 -immunostained cells in the stroma were not @entity5 cells since no cells in the stroma were positive for cytokeratin. Poorly differentiated @entity5 had increased numbers of stromal macrophages ( @entity469 ), and they co-localized with some of the @entity2290 -positive cells. The presence of @entity2290 antigen and the absence of @entity2290 mRNA in @entity5 epithelium of poorly differentiated @entity5 and @entity3 together with the presence of @entity2290 mRNA in the stroma suggests production in stromal cells and subsequent binding to receptor sites in @entity5 cells.

title: High tissue content of @entity2290 ( XXXX ) is associated with high stromal expression of @entity2290 mRNA in poorly @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign and borderline tumors', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['Urokinase plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity2290 :: (5328,Gene) :: ['u-PA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a minimally invasive technique employed in the treatment of @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ). @entity1 experience a low incidence of complications following treatment. As long-term follow-up data became available, some late adverse effects have been reported. However, the exact incidence of radiosurgically induced @entity5 is not known. METHODS: At University of Virginia, imaging and clinical outcomes of 1309 @entity1 with intracranial @entity2758 treated with GKRS have been reviewed. @entity7026 @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 6 months for 2  years and then annually following GKRS. When the nidi were no longer visible on magnetic resonance imaging, angiography was performed to verify the obliteration of @entity2758 . @entity1 were thereafter recommended to continue MRIs every 3-5 years to detect any long-term complications. A subset of 812, 358, and 78 @entity1 had neuroimaging and clinical follow-up of at least 3, 10, and 15  years, respectively. RESULTS: The authors report the occurrence of 3 cases of radiosurgically induced @entity5 . More than 10 years after GKRS, 2 @entity1 were found to have an incidental, uniformly enhancing, dural-based mass lesion near the site of the @entity7026 with radiologic characteristics of a @entity1653 . As the lesions have shown no evidence of mass effect, they are being followed with serial neuroimaging. A third @entity1 was found to have neurologic decline from a @entity5 in immediate proximity to an @entity7026 previously treated with proton beam radiosurgery and GKRS. The @entity1 underwent resection, demonstrating a high-grade @entity11 . The 3-, 10-, and 15-year incidence of a radiation-induced @entity5 is 0% (0/812), 0.3% (1/358), and 2.6% (2/78), respectively. The cumulative rate of radiosurgically induced @entity5 in those with a minimum of 10-year follow-up is 3 in 4692 @entity1 -years or 64 in 100,000 @entity1 -years. Thus, @entity1 had a 0.64% chance of developing a radiation-induced @entity5 within >=10 years following GKRS. If we calculate rates based on a subset of 78 @entity1 with neuroimaging and clinical follow-up of <=15 years, the cumulative rate was 3.4%. These are the second, third, and fifth reported cases of radiation-induced @entity5 following GKRS for an @entity7026 . CONCLUSIONS: Although radiosurgery is generally considered a safe modality in the treatment of @entity2758 , radiation-induced @entity5 is a rare but serious adverse event. The possibility of GKRS-induced @entity5 underscores the necessity of long-term follow-up in @entity7026 @entity1 receiving radiosurgery.

title: An updated assessment of the risk of radiation-induced XXXX after radiosurgery of @entity2758 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations', 'AVM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies showed that PR prolongation is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the relations of PR interval with indices of vascular function and endothelial repair as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The study comprised 348 high-risk @entity1 with prior @entity453 , @entity6 recruited from medical outpatient clinics and 150 healthy subjects without such a history. PR interval was considered prolonged if >200  ms, as determined from resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. Vascular function was assessed by brachial @entity384 ( @entity384 ) using high-resolution ultrasound. Circulating @entity5439 (+)/KDR(+) endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Among healthy subjects, PR interval was inversely associated with @entity384 (R   =   -0.20, P   =   0.015), but not with the level of circulating @entity5439 (+)/KDR(+) EPC (R   =   0.05, P   =   0.58). Among high-risk cardiovascular @entity1 , PR prolongation >200  ms was more common compared with healthy subjects (45/348 (13  %) versus 4/150 (3  %), P   <   0.001). PR interval was associated inversely with @entity384 (R   =   -0.14, P   =   0.01) and positively with circulating @entity5439 (+)/KDR(+) EPC level (R   =   +0.14, P   =   0.009). Circulating @entity5439 (+)/KDR(+) EPC level was significantly increased in @entity1 with PR prolongation >200  ms (0.87        0.37 versus 0.68        0.42 (log,  10(-3)/ml), P   =   0.005). Adjusted for potential confounders, increased PR interval remained independently associated with increased @entity5439 (+)/KDR(+) EPC by +0.002 (95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.000 to 0.004 (log,  10(-3)/ml), P   =   0.011) and depressed @entity384 (B   =   -0.014  %, 95  % CI -0.027 to -0.002, P   =   0.026). CONCLUSIONS: PR prolongation is associated with @entity409 and evidence of endothelial repair activation in @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk.

title: Prolongation of PR interval is associated with @entity409 and activation of vascular repair in high-risk cardiovascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke, and/or diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-meditated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity120 , systemic vasodilation and the supply dependency of @entity26 uptake are the major problems associated with @entity295 . Thus, the goal of haemodynamic therapy in septic @entity1 is an increase in cardiac output large enough to permit adequate tissue oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the additional use of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor @entity11073 is useful in hypodynamic septic @entity1 with inadequate tissue perfusion. Nine @entity1 who had developed the clinical signs of @entity295 (temperature greater than 38.5 degrees C, @entity491 greater than 15,000/mm3, @entity882 less than 100,000/mm3 or a drop in platelet count greater than 30%, @entity65 ) were given @entity11073 30 micrograms.kg-1. @entity1009 for one hour. All @entity1 showed mixed venous @entity26 saturations below 70% and @entity26 extraction rates above 30%, despite maximum @entity2922 therapy. Haemodynamic parameters were measured with the help of a pulmonary artery catheter. Statistical significance was checked using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. During @entity11073 application cardiac index increased significantly from 4.6.1.81. @entity1009 .m-2 to 5.6 +/- 1.81. @entity1009 .m-2 (p less than 0.01), while central venous pressure was kept constant by volume supply. Mean pulmonary artery pressure remained nearly unchanged, whereas mean arterial pressure dropped significantly from 91 +/- 13 mmHg to 75 +/- 8 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The @entity26 supply rose during administration of @entity11073 by an average of 17%, which led to a rise in @entity26 uptake. Independence of @entity26 uptake from @entity26 supply, however, could not be attained. In septic @entity1 , @entity11073 @entity5691 . However, pronounced systemic vasodilation lowers arterial blood pressure, enhancing the risk of @entity296 .

title: [ @entity11073 for cardiovascular therapy in hypodynamic septic XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increases cardiac output via pulmonary vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular shock']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We conducted the present study to test the hypothesis that sympathetic responsiveness, rather than its absolute level of activity, is a determinant of salt-sensitive @entity101 . @entity35 were instrumented for computerized recordings of arterial pressure and placed in metabolic cages. In one group (n = 10), the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist @entity3159 was chronically infused throughout the experiment. A second group served as a vehicle control (n = 9). Mean arterial pressure, @entity1372 and water intake, urine output, and urinary @entity1372 excretion were measured for 3 control days (0.4% @entity1219 diet), followed by 10 days of increased dietary @entity1219 (8.0% @entity1219 ) and a subsequent 3-day recovery period (0.4% @entity1219 ). Plasma @entity3449 activity was measured on day 2 of 0.4% @entity1219 , days 2 and 9 of 8.0% @entity1219 , and day 2 of the recovery period. Control values for all variables were similar between groups. Increased dietary @entity1219 resulted in a gradually developing @entity101 in @entity3159 -treated @entity35 . By day 10 of the 8% @entity1219 diet, arterial pressure had increased significantly more in @entity3159 -treated (41 +/- 6 mm Hg) compared with vehicle (8 +/- 4 mm Hg) @entity35 . There were no differences between groups for daily or cumulative @entity1372 or water balances throughout the study. During 0.4% @entity1219 , plasma @entity3449 activity was similar in @entity3159 (2.9 +/- 0.8 ng/mL per hour) and vehicle (4.1 +/- 0.7 ng/mL per hour) groups and was equally suppressed during 8.0% @entity1219 . These results are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired adrenergic responsiveness, caused by @entity3159 infusion, is a determinant of salt-sensitive @entity101 in the @entity35 .

title: Salt-sensitive XXXX caused by long-term alpha-adrenergic blockade in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The effects of @entity1286 , @entity8561 ( @entity842 precursor) and @entity6462 ( @entity842 synthesis inhibitor ) and their concurrent therapy on @entity35 submandibular secretory function were studied. Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally by micro @entity691 cannula from anaesthetized @entity35 using @entity2134 as secretagogue. Single intraperitoneal injection of @entity1286 (6 mg kg(-1)) to @entity35 induced significant (P< 0.01) inhibition of salivary flow rate (28%), total protein (12%) and @entity460 concentrations (27%). Sodium output was increased (23%, P< 0.01). Single intraperitoneal administration of @entity8561 (100 mg kg(-1)) and @entity6462 (10 mg kg(-1)) affected salivary gland function. Saliva flow rate was reduced by @entity6462 (23%, P< 0.01). The total protein concentration of saliva was increased by @entity8561 (21%, P< 0.05) and decreased by @entity6462 (19%, P< 0.01). @entity460 concentration of saliva was increased by @entity8561 (25%, P< 0.01) and reduced by @entity6462 (21%, P< 0.01). In combination treatment, @entity8561 prevented (P< 0.01) @entity1286 -induced reduction of flow rate while @entity6462 potentiated it (P< 0.01). The secretion of total protein and @entity460 were influenced in a similar trend by concurrent therapy. @entity6462 potentiated @entity1286 -induced decrease of total protein and @entity460 concentrations (P< 0.01) while @entity8561 restored (P< 0.01) them to levels close to control and @entity1286 groups respectively. It is concluded that @entity1286 inhibits salivary gland function and @entity842 (NO) plays a positive role in this system. Also it is confirmed that @entity1286 inhibitory effects on submandibular function are somewhat restored by @entity8561 and expanded by @entity6462 . The modulatory effect of the @entity8561 /NO system on salivary gland function is suggested.

title: Protection by @entity842 of XXXX -induced inhibition of @entity35 submandibular gland function.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to growing evidence of sensorimotor integration impairment in focal task-specific hand @entity3519 , we aimed at describing primary sensory (S1) and primary motor (M1) cortex source activities and their functional cross-talk during a @entity3519 -inducing sensorimotor task free of biases generated by the interfering with the occurrence of @entity3520 . METHOD: Magnetoencephalographic brain signals and opponens pollicis (OP) electromyographic activities were acquired at rest and during a simple isometric contraction performed either alone or in combination with median nerve stimulation. The task was performed separately with the right and left hand by eight @entity1 suffering from focal task-specific hand @entity3519 and by eight healthy volunteers. Through an ad hoc procedure @entity177 ( @entity177 ), distinct sources were identified in S1 (FSS1) and M1 (FSM1) devoted to hand control. Spectral properties and functional coupling (coherence) between the two sources were assessed in alpha [8,13]Hz, beta [14,32]Hz and gamma [33,45]Hz frequency bands. RESULTS: No differences were found between spectral properties of @entity1 and controls for either FSM1 or FSS1 cerebral sources. Functional coupling between FSM1 and FSS1 (gamma band coherence), while comparable between @entity3520 @entity1 and healthy controls at rest, was selectively reduced in @entity1 during movement. All findings were present in both hemispheres. DISCUSSION: Because previous literature has shown that gamma-band sensory-motor synchronization reflects an efficiency index of sensory-motor integration, our data demonstrate that, in @entity3520 @entity1 , uncoupling replaces the functional coupling required for efficient sensory-motor control during motor exertion. The presence of bi-hemispheric abnormalities in unilateral hand @entity3519 supports the presence of an endophenotypic trait.

title: Movement-induced uncoupling of primary sensory and motor areas in focal task-specific hand XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'non-dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Functional Source Separation', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic movements', 'dystonic']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of fetal urinalysis to predict in utero the renal function of @entity1 with @entity3551 who survive to the second year of life. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 100 consecutive @entity1 with prenatal diagnosis of @entity3551 who underwent fetal urine sampling. Fetal urinary concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity2865 , @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity3104 , @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity413 , proteins, and @entity2262 were measured. Prenatal findings were matched with renal function of survivors at 1-2 years. The single end point was serum @entity1011 , which was considered abnormal when greater than 50 mumol/L (0.56 mg/dL) during the second year of life. RESULTS: Elevated serum @entity1011 was found in 17 of 42 @entity1 with @entity3551 who survived more than 1 year. For prediction of elevated serum @entity1011 during the second year of life, the fetal urinary concentration of @entity2262 was both specific (0.83) and sensitive (0.80); @entity1372 , @entity2865 , and @entity1133 levels were sensitive (0.70 or greater) but lacked specificity (less than 0.65); and fetal urinary @entity413 , @entity3151 , @entity460 , @entity3104 , and total proteins were specific (0.70 or greater) but lacked sensitivity (0.65 or less). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a new approach to prenatal management of @entity3551 by identifying those fetuses at risk for survival with suboptimal renal function. These fetuses might benefit from intrauterine therapy. In contrast, no attempt at prenatal uro-amniotic shunting should be made when a spontaneously good outcome is predicted by fetal urinalysis.

title: Fetal urinary biochemistry predicts postnatal renal function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['isolated uropathy', 'bilateral uropathy', 'congenital obstructive uropathies']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['bilateral obstructive uropathies']


abstract: The recent development of continuous insulin infusion by pump as a treatment method of diabetics and the fact that several publications have shown some doubt as to the efficiency of this method of treatment on the development of @entity6 , have led us to study this problem. In our study we have followed 24 @entity1 for an average of 22 months (13-41). These @entity1 were @entity1723 , non-obese, normotensive and were divided into three groups based on the extent of their @entity6 . Group I: no @entity989 , 5 @entity1 . Group 2: background @entity989 without ischaemia, 14 @entity1 . Group 3: @entity989 , 5 @entity1 . Only @entity1 from group 3 where subjected to photocoagulation. The above classification was based on angiographic findings and we compared angiograms before and after treatment. In group I, none of the @entity1 developed @entity6 . In group 2, there was only one aggravation of the preexisting @entity989 , however without the development of proliferative changes. In group 3, the favourable outcome was mainly due to treatment by photocoagulation. The different classification of @entity6 that we have adopted into ischaemic and non-ischaemic forms based on angiographic findings might explain our favourable results. The classification into background and proliferative @entity989 does not indicate in the background type the relative importance of the @entity4 and the ischaemia. We suggest that the improved glycemic control obtained by continuous insulin infusion has a favourable outcome on non-ischaemic type of @entity6 , whereas photocoagulation remains the treatment of choice in @entity989 .

title: [Improvement of XXXX in the @entity6 treated with an intraperitoneal insulin pump].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics type I']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'ischaemic retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: Twenty-four cases of @entity6558 , 3 (12.5%) of them @entity6017 , have been treated and followed up for over 12 years. Majority (75%) were males. Inflammatory lesion was the cause in 18 (75%), collagen disease in 4 (16.7%) and @entity5 in 2 (8.35%). Presenting features were @entity221 (100%), proximal @entity425 (95.8%) and tenderness (54.2%), @entity425 (4.2%). Raised @entity9153 and transaminases, electromyogram abnormality and positive muscle biopsy were recorded in all. All were treated with @entity230 . Complication/associations noted were arthalgia (25%), @entity1282 (20.6%), @entity5013 (8.35%), @entity6 (4.2%), @entity3794 (4.2%) and @entity8884 (4.2%). Fourteen cases (58%), all of inflammatory aetiology, recovered completely. Seven cases (29.2%) developed permanent @entity194 of affected muscles. Cases with collagen disease and @entity5 fared worse and deteriorated because of the @entity66 .

title: XXXX --a review and follow up study of 24 cases.

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuritis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial and respiratory muscle weakness', 'muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['Polymyositis']


abstract: Plasma-polymerized films ( @entity2848 ) synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) find increasing applications in biomedicine and differ in many ways from conventional polymers. One of the most specific properties of the @entity2848 is the high reactivity of its free-radical-rich surface, arising from the deposition mechanism. Although generally considered as a disadvantage leading to the aging of the @entity2848 , reactivity of the plasma-treated polymers and @entity2848 surfaces can be beneficially employed, for example, for grafting of a specific chemical functionality or short polymer chains. The quantitative evaluation of the surface radical density of the @entity2848 is thus considered as the necessary preparatory step toward any subsequent grafting reaction. In the present study, the surface radical density of an @entity5723 -based @entity2848 was quantitatively determined by a combination of NO chemical derivatization and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Once the derivatization conditions were optimized, the radical density, derived from at % N determined by XPS, was evaluated as a function of the deposition power. It was found out that the surface density of free radicals presents a maximum for the deposition power of 200 W (~2.3   10(14) spin/cm(2)) and it stabilizes (~2.1   10(14) spin/cm(2)) with further power increase. XPS findings were supported by in situ FTIR measurements that provided additional information about the degree of plasma fragmentation denoting fragmentation saturation for a deposition power of 200 W. By fitting the N1s peak it was possible to identify primary, secondary and ternary radicals and to study their respective evolutions with different deposition conditions. Angle-resolved XPS analysis allowed the in-depth distribution of radicals to be addressed, revealing that on the top surface, primary, and secondary radicals are dominating, whereas more tertiary radicals are present in the subsurface region. Finally, some preliminary chemical grafting experiments have allowed the relevance of derivatization results to be cross-checked.

title: Derivatization of free radicals in an XXXX plasma polymer film: the first step toward polymer grafting.

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity5723 :: (MESH:D019840,Chemical) :: ['isopropanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long term relative survival of all @entity1 who had surgery for @entity1028 in Western Australia during 1985-94. DESIGN: Population based study. SETTING: Western Australia. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 who had had surgery for @entity1028 in Western Australia during 1985-94. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality data of @entity1 admitted and surgically treated for @entity1028 in Western Australia during 1985-94. Elective, ruptured, and acute non-ruptured cases were analysed separately. Independent analyses for sex and @entity1 aged 80 years or more were also undertaken. Postoperative (>30 days) relative survival was assessed against age and sex matched controls. RESULTS: Overall, 1475 (1257 @entity1 , 218 @entity1 ) cases were identified. The crude five year survival after elective surgery, including @entity204 within 30 days of surgery, was 79% for both @entity1 and @entity1 . When compared with a matched population the five year relative survival after elective surgery was 94.9% (95% confidence interval 89.9% to 99.9%) for @entity1 but only 88.0% (76.3% to 99.7%) for @entity1 . The five year relative survival of those aged 80 years and over was good: 116.6% (89.1% to 144.0%) compared with 92.4% (87.7% to 97.0%) for those under 80 years of age ( @entity1 and @entity1 combined). @entity65 caused 57.8% of the 341 @entity204 after 30 days. CONCLUSION: In a condition such as @entity1028 , which occurs in elderly @entity1 , relative survival is more clinically meaningful than crude survival. The five year relative survival in cases of elective and @entity1755 was better in @entity1 than in @entity1 . This is probably because of greater comorbidity in @entity1 with @entity1028 and this deserves more attention in the future. The long term survival outcome in octogenarians supports surgery in selected cases.

title: Long term relative survival after surgery for XXXX in western Australia: population based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To quantitatively measure changes in airway caliber at multiple anatomical levels during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for evaluation of @entity387 . We hypothesize that @entity1 undergoing DISE will show: 1) collapse at multiple upper airway regions (retropalatal, retroglossal, and retroepiglottic), with greater collapse in the retropalatal region; and 2) greater anterior-posterior dimensional narrowing than the lateral. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: @entity1 underwent DISE employing @entity1875 as part of a nonrandomized prospective trial assessing candidacy for transoral robotic surgery intervention for @entity387 . Images of the retropalatal, retroglossal, and retroepiglottic regions were captured during an initial period of light sedation and again in a period of deep sedation. Images were analyzed using software to measure the percent change in regional airway measurements as a result of DISE. RESULTS: Thirty-seven sleep endoscopy videos were analyzed from @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 index: 42.9    27.0 events/hour). Analyzable images were in the retropalatal (n = 24), retroglossal (n = 27), and retroepiglottic (n = 29) regions. The @entity1 demonstrated mean reductions in airway area in the retropalatal (84.1    18.7%), retroglossal (39.3    37.5%), and retroepiglottic region (44.6    42.8%). No statistically significant differences were found between lateral and anterior-posterior airway dimensional changes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing DISE had significant reductions in airway area at multiple regions under deep sedation with @entity1875 . We conclude that collapse in the retropalatal region is greater than the hypopharyngeal region. This method can be used to quantitatively measure DISE upper airway changes, which could potentially be used as a means for understanding surgical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity387 .

title: Quantitative airway analysis during drug-induced sleep endoscopy for evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that @entity8262 and/or @entity141 might function as second messengers in the induction by exogenous @entity1919 of the @entity1919 phosphodiesterase (PD) in @entity4328 . To assess further the role of @entity141 in PD induction we examined the effect on this process of a number of putative @entity141 -channel blockers. At relatively low micromolar concentrations, @entity37239 , @entity3360 , @entity594 , @entity3988 and @entity1855 all altered cell shape and inhibited PD induction in a similar dose-dependent fashion. Concentrations of these drugs that abolished PD induction had no effect on cell viability; however, higher concentrations reduced viability and caused cell lysis. All effects of these compounds on the cells were antagonized at least partially by 5-10 mM- @entity141 . Other cations tested were considerably less effective. Like the organic inhibitors, @entity11329 also altered cell shape, inhibited PD induction and reduced cell viability at elevated concentrations, but its effect on the cells appeared to be more complex. Inhibition of PD induction by the organic antagonists could not be attributed solely to an impaired uptake of extracellular @entity141 , a reduction of @entity855 pools in the cells or a direct effect on calmodulin. Concentrations of TMB-8 that inhibited PD induction had little effect on the @entity8262 response. Therefore, this compound did not inhibit PD induction indirectly by blocking @entity8262 synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of calcium antagonists on XXXX phosphodiesterase induction in @entity4328 .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: Protein- @entity669 -phosphatase 2C (PTP2C, also named SHPTP2, SHPTP3, or @entity44393 ) is a cytosolic enzyme with two Src homology 2 domains. We have investigated its regulation by phosphorylation in PC12 @entity35 @entity1911 cells. In untreated cells, PTP2C was phosphorylated predominantly on @entity563 residues. A 5-min treatment with @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) induced an increase in phosphorylation on @entity1889 and, to a lesser degree, on @entity563 . After 45 min of exposure to @entity8160 , PTP2C phosphorylation returned to basal levels. Using an in vitro kinase assay, we found that the 44-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase, @entity10861 , phosphorylated PTP2C on @entity563 and @entity1889 residues. This phosphorylation resulted in a pronounced inhibition of PTP2C enzyme activity measured with phosphorylated @entity8160 receptors as substrate. Moreover, in intact PC12 cells, PTP2C was also inhibited following a short @entity8160 treatment, but its activity returned to normal when the exposure to @entity8160 was maintained for 45 min. The profile of this response to @entity8160 can be inversely correlated to that of the stimulatory action of @entity8160 on @entity10861 . These data suggest that the @entity8160 -induced regulation of PTP2C activity is mediated by @entity10861 . These findings provide evidence for an additional role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade--namely, the regulation of a PTP.

title: Protein- XXXX -phosphatase 2C is phosphorylated and inhibited by 44-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']