abstract: OBJECTIVES: Guidelines for @entity14 screening and surveillance in @entity1 at average risk and at increased risk have recently been published by the American Gastroenterological Association. The guidelines for the population at average risk were evaluated using cost-effectiveness analyses. METHODS: Since @entity14 primarily arise from precancerous @entity652 , a state transition model of disease progression from @entity6523 was developed. Rather than assuming that @entity1127 turn to @entity5 after a fixed interval (dwell time), such transitions were modeled to occur as an exponential function of the age of the @entity1127 . Screening strategies included periodic fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, and colonoscopy. Screening costs in 1994 dollars were estimated using Medicare and private claims data, and clinical parameters were based upon published studies. RESULTS: Cost per life-year saved was  12,636 for flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and  14,394 for annual fecal occult blood testing. The assumption made for polyp dwell time critically affected the attractiveness of alternative screening strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and annual fecal blood testing were the two most cost-effective strategies, but with low compliance, occult blood testing was less cost-effective. Lowering colonoscopy costs greatly improved the cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy every 10 years.

title: A decision model and cost-effectiveness analysis of XXXX screening and surveillance guidelines for average-risk adults.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Feulgen-DNA and nuclear light green-protein measurements have been performed in isolated nuclei of normal (nonmalignant) and malignant @entity1 endometrial homogenates. The DNA content of the G0/G1 fraction of malignant endometrium showed much overlap with that of normal endometrium, or was slightly increased. Two of the 18 @entity189 were clearly aneuploid. No correlation was found between the histological grade and the DNA content. The @entity5 of clinical stage II and higher all had a higher DNA content than that of normal endometrium. The percentage of cells present in the proliferative fraction was higher in proliferative endometrium than in secretory and post-menopausal @entity3202 endometrium. For malignant endometrium, percentages were found comparable to that of normal endometrium or higher. No correlation was found with the histological grade. @entity5 of stage II and higher had intermediate values compared to those of @entity189 below stage II. The nuclear protein/DNA ratio of malignant endometrium completely overlapped that of normal endometrium. However, for post-menopausal @entity1 , most values of the @entity189 exceeded that of normal, @entity3202 , endometrium. Within the @entity5 population, no correlation was found with the histological grade. Higher values were found with @entity5 of clinical stage II and higher.

title: DNA and nuclear protein measurement in isolated nuclei of XXXX endometrium.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2600 , in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and a high dose of @entity4181 (LV), known as FOLFIRI regimen, has shown activity in recurrent or metastatic @entity14 . Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity2600 , @entity1487 and a low dose of LV (modified FOLFIRI) as a first line of therapy for @entity1 with relapsed or metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: Between January 2002 and October 2004, 44 @entity1 with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic @entity14 were enrolled. The chemotherapy regimen schedule consisted of 180 mg/m2 of @entity2600 being administered intravenously (i.v) on Day 1, 400 mg/m2 of @entity1487 via i.v bolus with 600 mg/m2 of continuous infusion for 22 hrs on both Day 1 and 2, and 20 mg/m2 of @entity4181 on both Day 1 and 2 , repeated every two weeks. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 47.8%. Of the 40 evaluated @entity1 , one had CR (2.3%) and 20 had PR (46.5%). @entity137 were mild and easily manageable. Three @entity1 experienced 23 episodes of Grade 3/4 @entity1431 ., Only one @entity1 developed Grade 3/4 @entity294 . None experienced Grade 3/4 @entity882 . CONCLUSION: Modified FOLFIRI with a low dose of LV is an effective and tolerable regimen for @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity14 .

title: @entity2600 , continuous @entity1487 , and low dose of XXXX (modified FOLFIRI) as first line of therapy in recurrent or metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of primary stenting for @entity731 in aortic and iliac stenoses that are not amenable to balloon angioplasty alone. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity731 were treated with a Palmaz stent (n = 19), Wallstent (n = 1), Strecker stent (n = 1), or Memotherm stent (n = 1). A total of 22 stenoses presenting with complex plaque morphology including @entity1066 , @entity1066 with focal @entity439 , plaques with heavy calcification, severely eccentric plaques, plaques with overhanging edge, and plaques with spontaneous dissection were stented. The lesions were in the aorta (n = 1), common iliac artery (n = 19), or external iliac artery (n = 2). RESULTS: Immediate angiography after stent placement revealed restoration of patency of the stented segment. Focal @entity439 and @entity1066 areas were occluded in the follow-up angiographies obtained 4-12 weeks after the procedure. In one case with poor distal runoff and multiple complex lesions of the iliac artery, subacute @entity432 occurred. Clinical and angiographic follow-up (3-46 months) revealed patency of all other stented segments. CONCLUSION: Primary stenting is an effective and reliable approach for complex plaques in stenoses. Patency of the arterial segment with a smooth lumen can be created without the risk of acute complications such as distal embolization, dissection, or @entity432 .

title: Primary stenting for XXXX in aortic and iliac stenoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated plaques', 'ulcerated']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['complex atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['complex atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression of transforming growth factor family members bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 ( @entity1841 , @entity13062 ), their receptor mRNAs, and @entity1841 and @entity13062 proteins in the cells of the @entity1 @entity267 . The effects of @entity1841 and @entity13062 on corneal fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis were also examined. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation, and western blot analysis were used to examine mRNA and protein expression in cultured @entity1 corneal cells. Immunocytochemistry was applied to examine protein localization in fresh frozen @entity1 @entity267 cells. Stimulation and inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was evaluated by gel shift assay. Apoptosis was examined using @entity3460 exclusion, laddering of DNA, @entity522 assay, and transmission electron microscopy. Proliferation was monitored by counting cells. RESULTS: @entity1841 and @entity13062 mRNAs and proteins were expressed in cultured @entity1 corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and corneal endothelial cells. @entity1841 and @entity13062 were detected in each major corneal cell type in fresh frozen @entity1 @entity267 . BMP receptor IA, IB, and II mRNAs were also detected in cultured @entity1 corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells. @entity1841 and @entity13062 stimulated activation of NF-kappaB. @entity4316 and SN50 peptide, but not SN50M control peptide, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to @entity1841 or @entity13062 . @entity1841 and @entity13062 stimulated apoptosis of corneal fibroblast cells when NF-kappaB activation was inhibited with the nonselective inhibitor @entity4316 or selective inhibitor SN50. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents ketorolac @entity8973 and @entity3522 augmented the effect of @entity1841 on corneal fibroblast apoptosis. @entity1841 and @entity13062 both stimulated proliferation of corneal fibroblast cells in the absence of inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and their receptors are expressed in the cells of the adult @entity1 @entity267 . The functions regulated by these cytokines may include keratocyte proliferation and apoptosis.

title: Bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 and their receptors in the adult XXXX @entity267 .

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D', 'actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smoking and @entity409 are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The effect of smoking on vascular endothelium during pregnancy has not been well studied. Our objectives were to determine if smoking has an impact on endothelial function in pregnancy by comparing markers of endothelial function and to evaluate the contribution from different cellular sources. METHODS: We measured markers of endothelial function in a prospective cohort of 198 primiparous @entity1 who had 325 plasma samples obtained throughout pregnancy. Samples were assayed for @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ), and @entity4105 . Smoking status was determined by serum @entity4874 concentration. Analyses of adhesion molecules were performed for 4 gestational age intervals by using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Gene expression for @entity2071 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction from placental biopsies. A @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture model was utilized to evaluate the effect of @entity4874 on endothelial cell production of @entity2071 . RESULTS: @entity2071 is increased, @entity4725 was not different, and @entity4105 was decreased among smokers at various times during pregnancy. Placental production of @entity2071 was decreased in @entity1 who smoked (P = .02) as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells production of @entity2071 increased with heavy concentrations of @entity4874 exposure (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with vascular perturbations, as evidenced by increased concentrations of serum @entity2071 . It appears unlikely that the source of the increased @entity2071 is the placenta. The endothelium most likely contributes to increased maternal @entity2071 in heavy smokers, but a leukocyte source cannot be ruled out. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2.

title: Intracellular adhesion molecule concentrations in XXXX who smoke during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule 1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intracellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of @entity309 Synovial Fibroblast (RASFib) @entity8252 expression on B cell survival. METHODS: Magnetically sorted peripheral blood memory B cells from 15 healthy subjects were cocultured with RASFib. RESULTS: RASFib constitutively expressed membrane @entity8252 . Survival of isolated B cells cultured for 6 days, below 5%, was extended in coculture with RASFib to 52+/-8% (p<0.001). @entity8252 neutralizing agents but not isotype controls, reduced this rate to 31+/-6% (p<0.05). Interestingly, rhIL-15 had no effect on isolated B cells but significantly increased their survival in coculture with RASFib. In parallel, B cell IL-15R chains were upregulated in cocultures. @entity8410 and @entity4725 , that are expressed on RASFib, were tested as potential candidates involved in upregulating B cell IL-15R. Culture of B cells in the presence of rhBAFF or rhVCAM-1 resulted in significantly increased survival, together with upregulation of all three IL-15R chains; in parallel, rhIL-15 potentiated the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity8410 and @entity4725 . Both @entity8410 and @entity4725 neutralizing agents downmodulated the effect of RASFib on B cell survival and IL-15R expression. In parallel, rhIL-15 had a lower effect on the survival of B cells cocultured with RASFib in the presence of @entity8410 or @entity4725 neutralizing agents. Peripheral blood B cells from 15 early @entity309 @entity1 demonstrated an upregulated IL-15R and increased survival in cocultures. CONCLUSION: @entity8252 expression on RASFib significantly contributes to the anti-apoptotic effect of RASFib on B cells. @entity8252 action is facilitated by @entity8410 and @entity4725 expressed on RASFib, through an upregulation of IL-15R chains.

title: XXXX expression on @entity309 synovial fibroblasts promotes B cell survival.

answer: @entity8252 :: (3600,Gene) :: ['IL-15']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In- @entity1 treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity392 is necessary only when these @entity1 have a severe @entity5539 co-morbidity and suffer severely. However this therapeutic approach has to be supervised and evaluated properly. METHODS: We present data and results of 1841 @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity392 . Due to the severity of the symptom and psycho-neurotic side effects in- @entity1 treatment was necessary. Therapy lasted 5 - 6 weeks, the main aspect was an intensive psychotherapeutic evaluation and stabilisation next to retraining and habituation programmes. Relaxation techniques were taught. @entity1 suffered from their @entity392 more than six month; 95 % further suffered from @entity393 , mainly in high frequencies. The study evaluates results of @entity1 from October 1994 until June 2000. Basis of the study was the evaluation of a specific @entity392 ( @entity392 ), published by Hallam in the UK and translated by Goebel and Hiller in Germany. Data was recorded at registration in our clinic, 4 - 6 months later during admission and at the end of the therapy. Final data was gained during a special meeting or questioning 6 months after dismissal from the clinic. RESULTS: @entity1 that suffered most showed the greatest improvement; directly after therapy there was a highly significant improvement in the @entity392 for an average of 13.01 points. Highly significant improvements were found in all the @entity392 -subscales respectively. Only 10 % of the @entity1 did not show any improvement at all. CONCLUSION: Therapy of most severe cases of chronic @entity392 is possible, using an integrated concept of otologic and @entity5539 treatments. With large numbers of @entity1 and sufficient data a thorough and necessary evaluation of this therapy can be achieved.

title: [Chronic complex XXXX : therapeutic results of inpatient treatment in a @entity392 clinic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing-loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus-questionnaire', 'tinnitus', 'TQ']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: @entity4372 saline aerosols are being used increasingly for bronchial provocation testing and induction of sputum. The aims of this study were to assess the response to challenge with 3% hypertonic saline administered via a ultrasonic nebulizer in @entity1 with @entity565 , and to evaluate relationship between % fall of FEV1 during induction of sputum (osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness; osmotic @entity5874 ) and biochemical markers of induced sputum. We investigated changes in FEV1 in response to inhaling ultrasonically nebulized 3% saline in 25 @entity1 with @entity565 and 10 control subjects. FEV1 was measured before, during, and after induction of sputum. We used fluoroimmunoassay to detect @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), immunohistochemical staining to detect EG2+ (secretory form of @entity11153 ) eosinophils, and a sandwich ELISA to detect @entity225 . Protein concentration was determined by using @entity8281 protein assay reagent. Asthmatics, compared with controls, had significantly higher osmotic @entity5874 . Moderate to severe @entity748 had significantly higher osmotic @entity5874 compared to mild @entity748 . Osmotic @entity5874 was significantly correlated with the proportion of eosinophils, the levels of @entity11153 , EG2+ eosinophils, @entity225 , and proteins. These data suggest that osmotic @entity5874 is closely related to the clinical status and biochemical markers of sputum supernatant in @entity748 @entity1 .

title: Relationship between sputum inflammatory markers and osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness during induction of sputum in @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity8281 :: ('MESH:C047117', 'Chemical') :: ['bicinchoninic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report documents how @entity25 can adversely effect @entity299 . Three male @entity1 (aged 60-67 years) with proven @entity299 are described. They illustrate a spectrum of nocturnal @entity299 , two with @entity951 and one with nocturnal @entity943 . Full sleep studies were performed in a dedicated sleep laboratory on all @entity1 , and one @entity1 had 48 hours of continuous Holter monitoring. Two @entity1 were found to have @entity27 with apnoea/hypopnoea indices of 57 and 36 per hour, respectively, the former with nocturnal @entity943 and the latter with @entity951 . In both cases, nasal continuous positive airways pressure successfully treated the @entity25 , with an associated improvement in nocturnal @entity943 and @entity951 . The third @entity1 who presented with @entity951 , did not demonstrate @entity27 (apnoea/hypopnoea index = 7.2) but had significant @entity26 desaturation during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This @entity1 responded to a combination of nocturnal @entity26 and @entity6700 , an agent known to suppress REM sleep, and had no further @entity951 . All @entity1 were considered to be an optimum cardiac medication and successful symptom resolution only occurred with the addition of specific therapy aimed at their sleep-related respiratory problem. We conclude that all @entity1 with @entity951 or @entity943 should have @entity17220 considered in their assessment.

title: Role of XXXX in the pathogenesis of @entity951 and @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6700 :: ('MESH:D011530', 'Chemical') :: ['protriptyline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'nocturnal angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'respiratory sleep disorders']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['respiratory sleep disorders']


abstract: A total of 66 @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 received a combination of recombinant interferon alpha-2a (18 times 10(6) units subcutaneously 3 times weekly) and @entity5713 (0.1 mg. per kg. intravenously every 3 weeks). Four @entity1 were ineligible and 6 were inevaluable for response but evaluable for @entity137 . There were no complete and 9 partial responses among the 56 evaluable @entity1 , for a response rate of 16 per cent. Median duration of response was 26 weeks, with a range of 8 to 50 weeks. Responses were observed predominantly in @entity1 with lung and soft tissue metastases. @entity1 who had undergone nephrectomy did not show a better response rate than those who had not. Almost all @entity1 had @entity683 , @entity1295 and @entity448 . Other side effects included @entity1431 , @entity390 , @entity391 , liver function disturbances and @entity2359 . Most of the side effects were World Health Organization grade 1 or 2; no grade 4 @entity137 was observed. Antibodies against interferon developed in 6 @entity1 during the course of treatment. However, there was no relationship between the appearance of antibodies and disease progression. The combination of recombinant interferon alpha-2a and @entity5713 has modest but definite activity in @entity1 with @entity1358 , although the role of @entity5713 is unclear.

title: Phase II study of recombinant interferon alpha-2a and XXXX in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['a flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: Exposure to the environmental pollutant @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) has been linked to @entity792 development in @entity1 . Chronic (32-week) low-level exposure to @entity4966 has been shown to promote @entity775 in association with @entity1961 (+) T cell activation in autoimmune-prone MRL+/+ @entity19 . MRL+/+ @entity19 are usually thought of as a model of @entity1252 rather than an organ-specific disease such as @entity775 . Consequently, the present study examined gene expression and metabolites to delineate the liver events that skewed the autoimmune response toward that organ in @entity4966 -treated @entity19 . Female MRL+/+ @entity19 were treated with 0.5 mg/mL @entity4966 in their drinking water. The results showed that @entity4966 -induced @entity775 could be detected in as little as 26 weeks. @entity4966 exposure also generated a time-dependent increase in the number of antibodies specific for liver proteins. The gene expression correlated with the metabolite analysis to show that @entity4966 upregulated the @entity1853 / @entity1255 pathway in the liver after 26 weeks of exposure. The results also showed that @entity4966 exposure altered the expression of selective hepatic genes associated with @entity1200 and @entity32 . On the basis of these results, future mechanistic studies will focus on how alterations in genes associated with @entity1200 and @entity32 , in conjunction with protein alterations in the liver, promote liver immunogenicity in @entity4966 -treated MRL+/+ @entity19 .

title: Delineating liver events in @entity4965 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: NICE guidelines emphasise the need for a confident, early diagnosis of @entity5815 / @entity5815 (CFS/ME) in Primary Care with management tailored to the needs of the @entity1 . Research suggests that GPs are reluctant to make the diagnosis and resources for management are currently inadequate. This study aimed to develop resources for practitioners and @entity1 to support the diagnosis and management of CFS/ME in primary care. METHODS: Semi structured interviews were conducted with @entity1 , carers, GPs, practice nurses and CFS/ME specialists in North West England. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed qualitatively using open explorative thematic coding. Two @entity1 involvement groups were consulted at each stage of the development of resources to ensure that the resources reflect everyday issues faced by @entity1 living with CFS/ME. RESULTS: @entity1 and carers stressed the importance of recognising CFS/ME as a legitimate condition, and the need to be believed by health care professionals. GPs and practice nurses stated that they do not always have the knowledge or skills to diagnose and manage the condition. They expressed a preference for an online training package. For @entity1 , information on getting the most out of a consultation and the role of carers was thought to be important. @entity1 did not want to be overloaded with information at diagnosis, and suggested information should be given in steps. A @entity1741 was suggested, to enable information sharing with carers and family, and also for those whose symptoms act as a barrier to reading. CONCLUSION: Rather than use a top-down approach to the development of training for health care practitioners and information for @entity1 and carers, we have used data from key stakeholders to develop a @entity1 @entity1741 , @entity1 leaflets to guide symptom management and a modular e-learning resource which should equip GPs to diagnose and manage CFS/ME effectively, meet NICE guidelines and give @entity1 acceptable, evidence-based information.

title: Developing resources to support the diagnosis and management of @entity5815 / XXXX (CFS/ME) in primary care: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Myalgic Encephalitis', 'Chronic Fatigue Syndrome']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['Myalgic Encephalitis']


abstract: We report a Japanese family with @entity8019 ( @entity8019 ) with a three base pair deletion ( @entity54967 291) in the @entity8019 gene. A variety of phenotypes were observed within this family. While the proband ( @entity1 1) was classified as having a rare intermediate type of adult cerebral and cerebello-brain stem forms, his younger brother ( @entity1 2) and nephew ( @entity1 3) had a childhood @entity8019 type. Another nephew ( @entity1 4) of @entity1 1 was classified as having an adolescent form. The tau level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in @entity1 1 was as high as that of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). His brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed @entity76 and brain stem, but not in the cerebral white matter, where marked reductions of the cerebral blood flow and @entity26 metabolism were clearly demonstrated by positron emission tomography (PET). In @entity1 2 and 3, the autopsy findings showed massive @entity17 with sparing of the U-fibers, compatible with the findings of childhood @entity8019 . Oleic and erucic acids (Lorenzo's Oil) were administered to @entity1 1 and 4, but sufficient effectiveness was not obtained. The findings in this family suggest that delGAG291 is part of the cause of Japanese @entity8019 with phenotypic variations. Moreover, although the scale of the study is limited, there is a possibility that PET can detect an insidious lesion which is undetectable by computed tomogram (CT) or MRI analysis, and that the higher level of tau reflects the process of @entity528 in @entity8019 . Lorenzo's Oil should be given in the early stage.

title: A Japanese family with XXXX with a codon 291 deletion: a clinical, biochemical, pathological, and genetic report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination of the cerebral white matter']

entities_list: @entity54967 :: ('c|DEL||GAG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['delGAG']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'adrenoleukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity8019 :: (MESH:D000326,Disease) :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the trend in the prevalence of @entity28 and @entity2973 in Spanish @entity1 and @entity1 25-64 y of age between 1987 and 1997. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of the non-institutionalized population in Spain in 1987, 1995 and 1997. SUBJECTS: 14,676 and 7004 adults aged 25-64 who were representative of the Spanish population in 1987 and 1995/1997. MEASURES: Body mass index (BMI) calculated from self-reported weight and height. Overweight is defined as BMI = 27-29.9 kg/m2 and @entity28 as BMI > or = 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: Between 1987 and 1995/97, the prevalence of @entity2973 in the Spanish population aged 25-64 increased by 2.2% (P < 0.01); the increase was greater in @entity1 (3.8%; P < 0.01) than in @entity1 (0.6%; P > 0.05). The largest increases in the prevalence of @entity2973 were seen in @entity1 (5.2%; P < 0.01) and @entity1 (2.3%; P < 0.05) aged 25-34. During the same period, the prevalence of @entity28 increased by 3.9% (P < 0.01), 4.6% in @entity1 (P < 0.01) and 3.2% in @entity1 (P < 0.01). The largest increases were seen in @entity1 aged 45-54 (6.5%, P < 0.01) and in @entity1 aged 25-34 (2.2%, P < 0.05). By educational level, the prevalence of @entity2973 increased significantly in @entity1 with fewer than 12 y of education (4.7%, P < 0.01). Obesity increased by 4.6% (P < 0.01) and by 4.9% (P < 0.01) in @entity1 and @entity1 with fewer than 12 y of education, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 is increasing in Spain, the same as it is in other developed countries. The increase, which is found in most age and sex groups in the population, especially affects middle-aged @entity1 , young @entity1 and @entity1 with lower educational level. The causes of the increase in the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 are likely to be multifactorial.

title: Increasing prevalence of @entity2973 and XXXX among Spanish adults, 1987-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The importance of @entity413 control in reducing the complications of @entity6 has been clearly demonstrated. The emergency physician routinely is expected to treat a wide range of problems related to this disease, including making the initial diagnosis of type 2 and occasionally type 1 @entity6 . Also common are @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 . The recent introduction of new classes of agents to lower blood @entity413 , especially in type 2 @entity6 , should improve the control in this category of @entity1 and reduce the complication rate. Some of these agents, such as @entity4506 , have potentially fatal complications and require careful monitoring. Emergency physicians should be aware of the common complications of these drugs because @entity1 can present to the ED with them. @entity4053 , a common cause of 911 calls and emergency visits, is not a side effect of either @entity2449 or @entity11669 . @entity2690 lispro has improved postprandial glycemic control for type 1 and some @entity2690 -requiring type 2 diabetics. @entity4053 is less of a risk with @entity2690 lispro, and quality of life is better with this rapidly acting @entity2690 . Newer methods of @entity2690 delivery, such as continuous subcutaneous infusion, have greatly improved @entity413 control, given greater freedom to @entity1 , and reduced the risks of @entity4053 .

title: Recent advances in the pharmacologic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity808 ( @entity808 ), also known as @entity5 , are highly malignant lesions that tend to arise in the head and neck region or on the extremities, and only rarely in the retroperitoneum. These @entity5 are not common in @entity1 . Almost 50% of cases are associated with @entity4786 . When these @entity5 arise in the retroperitoneum, they usually are difficult to diagnose and to treat. Although various radiologic imaging methods are helpful for identifying some features of the mass, definitive diagnosis requires histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining. After treatment, the @entity5 recurs in 25% of @entity1 . Five-year survival rates as high as 80% have been reported. Total excision, lack of invasion of surrounding tissues and vessels, and absence of @entity4786 , are features associated with better outcome. The authors present the case of a 1-month-old @entity1 who had @entity5 diagnosed in a unique location over the peritoneum of the anterior abdomen. The location and rapid growth of the @entity5 permitted early identification and total excision. J Pediatr Surg 36:1866-1868.

title: Anterior abdominal wall malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'MPNST']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant schwannoma', 'malignant schwannomas', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: Purpose-To examine the knowledge of @entity161 in @entity1 regarding their medication.Methods-Fifty male and 50 female @entity1 with @entity161 were interviewed before discharge from the University Psychiatric Hospital in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) was used. @entity1 were asked to give the name, purpose and adverse effects of their prescribed drugs.Results-The mean age of the @entity1 was 40.0 years and they had, on average, 6.9 admissions. Their mean GAS score was 58.5, indicating moderately impaired everyday functioning. The majority of @entity1 were prescribed two to four psychotropic drugs. Most @entity1 (87.0%) could name the antipsychotic, 77.0% knew the purpose of their medication and 65.0% knew its side-effects. The same was true for the name (90.3%) and purpose (77.0%) of the anticholinergic, but its side-effects were less well known (28.9%). The name of the hypnotic was known to 76.5% @entity1 , the purpose to 90.6% and its side-effects to 34.4%. Only 58% of @entity1 had ever requested information on their medication. The majority of @entity1 received information from package inserts (35%) or from psychiatrists (29%). Most @entity1 (55%) were satisfied with the information.Conclusions-The information on medication among @entity1 is insufficient. Clinicians should regularly offer and repeat relevant information. Copyright (c) 2000 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The knowledge of inpatients with XXXX on their medication at hospital discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A case of polymorphous @entity8146 of the spinal cord is described. This 55-year-old @entity1 presented with an 18-month history of @entity51 . A magnetic resonance image revealed an enhancing, intradural, extramedullary nodule at the T 1-2 level. On gross inspection, the lesion measured 3.5 cm and was firmly attached to spinal cord parenchyma and adjacent nerve roots. It was completely removed. Fourteen months after surgery the @entity1 's @entity51 had resolved. @entity8146 is a rare @entity5 of borderline @entity5 . Most occur in lymph nodes. None has been reported to occur in the central and peripheral nervous system. Based on current experience, resection and close follow up seems the best therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX of the spinal cord. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity sensorimotor deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma', 'Polymorphous hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity8146 :: (MESH:D006390,Disease) :: ['Primary polymorphous hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical laboratory, and pathologic variables to determine their value in predicting survival and survival free of @entity177 for 170 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity631 evaluated during a 15 year period. Of the 170 @entity1 , 108 had focal segmental necrotizing @entity631 alone (FSNGN), 33 had @entity628 , and 29 had FSNGN and medium-sized @entity1333 . Considerable overlap of clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings existed among the three groups. Overall @entity1 survival was 81% at one year, 61% at five years, and 44% at ten years, significantly less than expected survival. Overall survival free of @entity177 , by definition, was lower than @entity1 survival. There were no differences among these three groups in @entity1 survival or survival free of @entity177 . Multivariate analysis identified @entity491 and serum @entity1011 level as independent predictors of @entity1 survival and survival free of @entity177 . In addition, univariate analysis identified age and @entity101 as significant risk factors but did not add independent predictive value for these two end points. In patients with serum @entity1011 levels less than 4 mg/dl, the effect of increasing levels of leukocyte count was significantly associated with poorer outcomes for both @entity1 survival (P = 0.006) and survival free of @entity177 (P = 0.024). Outcomes for these two end points were worse for @entity1 with lower serum @entity1011 levels (less than 4.0 mg/dl) and high leukocyte counts (greater than 16,000/mm3) than for those with serum @entity1011 levels greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/dl.

title: Risk factors in @entity8 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic renal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['artery vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['FSNGN and small-artery vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity3881 spo0K mutants are blocked at the first step in sporulation. The spo0K strain was found to contain two mutations: one was linked to the trpS locus, and the other was elsewhere on the chromosome. The mutation linked to trpS was responsible for the sporulation defect (spo-). The unlinked mutation enhanced this sporulation deficiency but had no phenotype on its own. The spo- mutation was located in an operon of five genes highly homologous to the oligopeptide transport (Opp) system of Gram-negative species. Studies with toxic peptide analogues showed that this operon does indeed encode a peptide-transport system. However, unlike the Opp system of @entity2491 , one of the two @entity855 -binding proteins, OppF, was not required for peptide transport or for sporulation. The OppA peptide-binding protein, which is periplasmically located in Gram-negative species, has a signal sequence characteristic of lipoproteins with an @entity1472 -terminal lipo- @entity535 anchor. Cellular location studies revealed that OppA was associated with the cell during exponential growth, but was released into the medium in stationary phase. A major role of the Opp system in Gram-negative bacteria is the recycling of cell-wall peptides as they are released from the growing peptidoglycan. We postulate that the accumulation of such peptides may play a signalling role in the initiation of sporulation, and that the sporulation defect in opp mutants results from an inability to transport these peptides.

title: The oligopeptide transport system of XXXX plays a role in the initiation of sporulation.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: In a prospective controlled clinical study 30 @entity1 with moderate degree of @entity409 , and a functioning gastrointestinal tract were randomized to receive a free @entity535 and small peptide enteral diet (15 @entity1 ) or an isonitrogenous isocaloric parenteral support for at least 10 days (total energy: 2900 kcal, @entity1568 : 14.5 g, @entity3363 : 380 g, fat: 112 g, N/non protein calories: 1/175). The parenteral and enteral diets had the same protein/lipid/ @entity1735 composition. The data indicated that both routes led to positive @entity1568 balance. @entity1568 equilibrium was achieved by day 3 in the TPN group and by day 5 in the enteral group. There were no significant changes in serum albumin within either group. Serum level of @entity69 reached a significant increase in both groups (p = 0.003). @entity20117 rose significantly in both groups as well (p = 0.019 and 0.004 respectively). Statistically significant rises in lymphocyte counts (p = 0.003 and 0.001 respectively), in levels of C3 (p = 0.009 and 0.001 respectively), IgA (p = 0.002), IgG (p = 0.004 and 0.003 respectively) and IgM (p = 0.004) occurred in either treatment group. There was a high incidence of negative skin tests at the start of the study in the enteral group (73.3%) and the @entity8856 group (60%). By the end of the study the incidence of negative results for this test was 40.0% and 26.6% respectively. Despite maintenance of similar @entity413 levels in both groups, TPN led to significantly (p = 0.000) higher serum insulin levels. The serum insulin increased almost linearly over the study period, and eventually prevented fat mobilization and lipolysis, so that free @entity844 levels had fallen significantly (p = 0.000). A significant elevation of the liver enzymes over the study period occurred in the TPN group, but not in the enterally fed @entity1 . The present findings provide no evidence that semi-elemental diets are in any way inferior to isonitrogenous isocaloric regimes parenterally given for a short period of time.

title: Short-term restorative nutrition in malnourished XXXX : pro's and con's of intravenous and enteral alimentation using compositionally matched nutrients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition, normal liver and kidneys']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity20117 :: ('7276', 'Gene') :: ['Thyroxine-binding prealbumin']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity16648 exert a crucial effect on the methanogenesis, considerably reducing both maximum @entity577 potential and methanogenic rates. However, there is not enough information about the kinetic mechanism of @entity16648 @entity137 on the methanogenesis, which is a key aspect for the control of the anaerobic digesters because of the sensitivity and the potential for energy recovery derived from @entity577 release. The International Water Association-Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (IWA-ADM1) can be adapted to a wide range of situations by updating or changing the equations in the model. The present study proposes a general kinetic model for methanogenesis. This model has been applied to predict the inhibition of methanogenesis by @entity16648 , and it can be used for updating the IWA-ADM1 when treating inhibitory compounds. The model was calibrated and validated using a wide broad of experimental sets of data of @entity577 production by granular sludge in the presence of @entity29359 (24 @entity1298 ), @entity24502 ( @entity43663 ) and @entity211 ( @entity212 ) in batch assays. A lag-phase of the effect of @entity16648 on the methanogenesis by non-adapted sludge was detected and modeled by the kinetic model proposed. In addition, the inhibitory effect of @entity212 was more pronounced on the acetoclastic methanogenesis than on the hydrogenotrophic one. Non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition types were detected using 24 DCP and 246 TCP, whereas a suicide or irreversible inhibition type was observed in the case of @entity212 . Values of inhibition constants considerably varied depending on the @entity16647 used, between 45 mg24DCPL(-1), 41-51 mg246TCPL(-1) and 0.9-7.8 mgPCPL(-1). The higher @entity137 of @entity212 is related with its hydrophobicity, which was determined by adsorption tests and using partition coefficients n- @entity10333 /water. Modeling was accompanied by high statistical support in all cases, which confirmed the validation of the model proposed.

title: Inhibition of methanogenesis by XXXX : a kinetic approach.

entities_list: @entity24502 :: ('MESH:C024564', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity29359 :: ('MESH:C004762', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity16648 :: ('MESH:D002733', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorophenols', 'chlorophenols']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity16647 :: ('CHEBI:38857', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenol']

answer: @entity16648 :: (MESH:D002733,Chemical) :: ['chlorophenols']


abstract: Peripheral @entity3541 (PFP) is a consequence of the peripheral neuronal lesion of the facial nerve (FN). It can be either primary (Bell s Palsy) or secondary. The classical clinical presentation typically involves both stages of the hemiface. However, there may be other symptoms (ex. @entity7560 , @entity7804 , phonation and deglutition changes) that one should recall. Clinical evaluation includes @entity121 and sensibility search in the FN territory. Some useful instruments allow better objectivity in the @entity1 ' evaluation (House-Brackmann System, Facial Grading System, Functional Evaluation). There are clear referral criteria to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Treatment of Bell s Palsy may include pharmacotherapy, neuromuscular training (NMT), physical methods and surgery. In the NMT field the several treatment techniques are systematized. Therapeutic strategies should be problem-oriented and adjusted to the @entity1 's symptoms and signs. Physical methods are reviewed. In about 15-20 % of @entity1 permanent sequelae subside after 3 months of evolution. PFP is commonly a multidisciplinary condition. Therefore, it is important to review strategies that Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation may offer.

title: [Peripheral XXXX : the role of physical medicine and rehabilitation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous muscle tonus']

entities_list: @entity7560 :: ('MESH:D014985', 'Disease') :: ['xerophthalmia']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: @entity650 ( @entity650 ), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, is considered to be one of the factors associated with poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity5740 ( @entity5740 ) is rapidly up-regulated by @entity650 and a negative regulator of cytokine signalling. @entity5740 not only suppresses cytokine-mediated JAK/STAT signalling, but also sustains MAPK pathways. In our study, among the @entity1358 cell lines, @entity650 mRNA expression was the highest in the @entity1 cells, which also showed the highest level of @entity5740 mRNA expression under the condition of interferon stimulation. In contrast, ACHN cells had the lowest expression of both @entity650 and @entity5740 mRNA under the same condition. Our study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of humanised antihuman @entity10497 ( @entity10497 ) antibody, which completely neutralises @entity650 activity, in @entity1358 cell proliferation and its effect on signalling pathways. @entity10497 antibody, tocilizumab, significantly suppressed cell proliferation in @entity1 cells with interferon stimulation. Western blot analysis revealed that the tocilizumab enhanced the interferon-induced phosphorylation of @entity6897 and inhibited @entity5740 expression and the phosphorylation of both @entity4104 and @entity3963 . In contrast, the @entity650 inhibited @entity6897 phosphorylation, enhanced @entity4104 phosphorylation and accelerated cell proliferation in ACHN cells. The in vivo effects of combination therapy with tocilizumab and interferon showed significant suppression of 786-O @entity5 growth in a xenograft model. Morphological observation of the @entity5 revealed the apoptosis, invasion of inflammatory cells and @entity82 . These findings suggest that combination therapy using an antihuman @entity10497 antibody with interferon may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity1358 .

title: Humanised antihuman @entity10497 antibody with interferon inhibits XXXX cell growth in vitro and in vivo through suppressed @entity5740 expression.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3', 'SOCS3']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The prevalence of the @entity209 with @entity5845 continues to increase nationwide. A concomitant increase in @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) and associated @entity3851 requiring transplantation is expected to parallel this trend. Between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2008, our center performed 813 solitary adult deceased-donor liver transplants. @entity1 were divided into groups based on the World Health Organization International Classification of @entity28 . @entity1 within each @entity28 class were compared to normal weight recipients. Preoperative demographics among all groups were similar. @entity7936 was more common in higher BMI groups. Operative time, blood product usage, ICU length of stay, infectious complications, and biliary complications requiring intervention were all higher in @entity28 recipients. @entity1150 occurred more commonly in @entity1 with @entity28 . @entity1 with @entity28 had lower @entity1 (HR 1.82, CI 1.09-3.01, p=0.02) and allograft survival (HR 1.62, CI 1.02-2.65, p=0.04). Obesity class did not reach statistical significance on multivariate analysis. Despite increased technical operative challenges and medical complexities associated with increasing recipient BMI, morbid @entity28 in and of itself should not be an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation as these @entity1 have reasonable long-term outcomes.

title: Complications associated with liver transplantation in the XXXX recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Class II obesity', 'obese', 'Class III obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['attendant morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Combined craniofacial resection has become the standard approach for @entity5 involving the cribriform plate and anterior cranial fossa. Despite its widespread application, however, many surgeons agree that the procedure carries a risk of significant morbidity and even mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience at a single institution to determine the incidence of early @entity260 encountered after combined craniofacial resection of @entity5 involving the cribriform plate and to provide information to improve management. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1997, 168 @entity1 underwent combined craniofacial resection at the National @entity5 Institute of Milan for @entity5 involving the cribriform plate. @entity1 charts, operative notes, follow-up clinic notes, radiographic studies, and pathology reports were analyzed. Morbidity encountered in the first 30 cases was compared with that encountered in the subsequent 138 cases. RESULTS: The most frequently encountered pathological findings were @entity420 (53.6%), @entity957 (17%), and @entity4236 (9.8%). Eight @entity1 (4.7%) died, 6 of whom were among the first 30 @entity1 to undergo resection. Among @entity1 with fatal complications were three with @entity5422 , three with @entity932 , and one with @entity583 . Fifty @entity1 (29.7%) had nonfatal morbidity; 16 of these @entity1 were among the first 30 @entity1 operated. Transient @entity5173 was the most frequent adverse effect (9.5%); 12 @entity1 (7.1%) had @entity5745 , 3 (1.8%) had @entity693 , 4 (2.4%) had wound infections, 3 (1.8%) experienced transient @entity73 , 3 (1.8%) had transient @entity892 , 2 (1.2%) had @entity2010 , and 1 (0.6%) had @entity39 . CONCLUSION: We observed a dramatic decrease in mortality and morbidity in @entity1 who underwent combined craniofacial resection after the first 30 cases in our series. Improvement of specific aspects of surgical technique, such as more refined reconstructive methods and improved prophylactic antibiotic therapy, is at least partly responsible for this favorable trend.

title: Combined anterior craniofacial resection for @entity5 involving the cribriform plate: early XXXX and technical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['bone flap necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of mental status']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess willed actions in @entity1 with @entity161 using @entity137 ( @entity137 ) tasks that differ in the degree to which they involve volitionally controlled versus stimulus driven responses. METHODS: Ten @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 and 13 normal controls of comparable age were tested. Subjects performed a @entity227 (SRT), an uncued four choice @entity137 (CRT), and a fully cued four choice @entity137 task. A stimulus 1(S1)-stimulus 2(S2) paradigm was used. The warning signal/precue (S1) preceded the imperative stimulus (S2) by either 0 (no warning signal or precue) 200, 800, 1600, or 3200 ms. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity161 had significantly slower RTs and movement times than normal subjects across all @entity137 tasks. The unwarned SRT trials were significantly faster than the uncued CRT trials for both groups. For both groups, fully cued CRTs were significantly faster than the uncued CRTs. However, the S1-S2 interval had a differential effect on CRTs in the two groups. For the normal subjects fully cued CRTs and SRTs were equivalent when S1-S2 intervals were 800 ms or longer. A similar pattern of effects was not seen in the @entity1 with @entity161 , for whom the fully cued CRT were unexpectedly equivalent to SRT for the 200 ms interval and expectedly for the 1600 ms S1-S2 interval, but not the 3200 or 800 ms intervals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity161 were able to use advance information inherent in SRT or provided by the precue in fully cued CRT to speed up @entity137 relative to uncued CRT. However, in the latter task, in which the volitional demands of preprogramming are higher since a different response has to be prepared on each trial, @entity1 showed some unusual and inconsistent interval effects suggesting instability of attentional set. It is possible that future studies using @entity137 tasks with higher volitional demands in @entity1 with predominance of negative signs may disclose greater deficits in willed action in @entity161 .

title: Impairment of willed actions and use of advance information for movement preparation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual simple RT']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['reaction time', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity150 is the second most common @entity5 of the genitourinary system. Although transurethral resection is the standard diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, it is not morbidity free. @entity1494 is the second most common complication and it can lead to severe further complications. We evaluated risk factors for @entity1494 in @entity1 treated with transurethral resection of @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied the records of 1,284 @entity1 with @entity150 who underwent transurethral resection of @entity150 between 1986 and 2006. Data on risk factors for @entity1494 , including age, gender, body mass index, @entity1239 use, gross @entity811 , transurethral catheterization, @entity3226 , @entity5 stage and grade, number of @entity5 and resection weight, were analyzed with the chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Of the 49 bladder perforations (3.8%) 89.8% were extraperitoneal and 10.2% were intraperitoneal. The risk of @entity1494 was associated with gender (female and male 7.2% and 2.6%, p <0.001), body mass index (less than 25, 25 to 30 and greater than 30 kg/m(2) 5.5%, 3.4% and 0.6%, p = 0.016), @entity5 stage (pTis, @entity31191 , @entity2558 and pT2 or greater 3.7%, 2.6%, 4.5% and 6.7%, p = 0.049), infiltration depth (superficial and muscle invasive 3.2% and 6.6%, p = 0.023) and resection weight (less than 2.5 and 20 gm or greater 2.4% and 9.2%, respectively, p = 0.003). @entity1 age, @entity1239 use, gross @entity811 at diagnosis, transurethral catheterization, @entity3226 , number of @entity5 and @entity5 grade were not risk factors for @entity1494 . CONCLUSIONS: Aside from @entity5 characteristics female gender and low body mass index were risk factors for inadvertent @entity1494 during transurethral resection of @entity150 . Each factor is readily apparent.

title: Gender and body mass index as risk factors for @entity1494 during primary transurethral resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation', 'Bladder perforation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interstitial @entity82 and @entity194 (IF/TA) in renal transplants are the major morphological correlates of progressive graft deterioration. Early diagnosis of IF/TA is a pre-requisite for a timely therapeutic intervention in @entity1 at risk. To evaluate events occurring before the overt onset of IF/TA, gene expression profiling of 3-month protocol biopsies from @entity1 with IF/TA was performed in a @entity1 group (n = 8) who developed mild IF/TA [chronic allograft @entity8 (CAN) grade I, by the Banff scoring system] in the subsequent 6-month protocol biopsy ('progressors'), and in 12 @entity1 without IF/TA at 6 months ('non-progressors'). METHODS: RNA was extracted, labelled and hybridized to @entity1 specific genome wide DNA microarrays. Normalized data were subjected to gene-centric and pathway-centric statistical methods. RESULTS: Compared to the non-progressors, the 3-month biopsies of the progressor group showed overexpression of several genes that are important in the T- and B-cell activation and immune response. Genes involved in pro-fibrotic processes were identified in the biopsies of the progressors that preceded the observed IF/TA at 6 months. Furthermore, several genes with transporter and metabolic functions were underrepresented in the progressors in the 3-month biopsies. CONCLUSION: Gene expression profiling of early protocol biopsies identified changes in the transcriptome of grafts, which may be important for the development of IF/TA. Such early detection of transcriptome changes can facilitate the identification of @entity1 at risk shifting the intervention time point well before the histological diagnosis of irreversible IF/TA.

title: Transcriptome changes in renal allograft protocol biopsies at 3 months precede the onset of interstitial @entity82 / XXXX (IF/TA) at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['tubular atrophy']


abstract: We describe an optical technique using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to obtain simultaneous and independent recordings from numerous ion channels via imaging of single-channel @entity141 flux. Muscle nicotinic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) receptors made up of alphabetagammadelta subunits were expressed in @entity1238 oocytes, and single channel @entity141 fluorescence transients (SCCaFTs) were imaged using a fast (500 fps) electron-multiplied c.c.d. camera with @entity20048 as the indicator. Consistent with their arising through openings of individual nicotinic channels, SCCaFTs were seen only when a nicotinic agonist was present in the bathing solution, were blocked by curare, and increased in frequency as roughly the second power of [ @entity1617 ]. Their fluorescence amplitudes varied linearly with membrane potential and extrapolated to zero at about +60 mV. The rise and fall times of fluorescence were as fast as 2 ms, providing a kinetic resolution adequate to characterize channel gating kinetics; which showed mean open times of 7.9 and 15.8 ms when activated, respectively, by @entity1617 or @entity8622 . Simultaneous records were obtained from >400 channels in the imaging field, and we devised a novel "channel chip" representation to depict the resultant large dataset as a single image. The positions of SCCaFTs remained fixed (<100 nm displacement) over tens of seconds, indicating that the nicotinic receptor/channels are anchored in the oocyte membrane; and the spatial distribution of channels appeared random without evidence of clustering. Our results extend single-channel TIRFM imaging to ligand-gated channels that display only partial permeability to @entity141 , and demonstrate an order-of-magnitude improvement in kinetic resolution. We believe that functional single-channel imaging opens a new approach to ion channel study, having particular advantages over patch-clamp recording in that it is massively parallel, and provides high-resolution spatial information that is inaccessible by electrophysiological techniques.

title: "Optical patch-clamping": single-channel recording by imaging @entity141 flux through individual muscle XXXX receptor channels.

entities_list: @entity8622 :: ('MESH:C009335', 'Chemical') :: ['suberyldicholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The absence of data on the prevalence of @entity17390 among @entity1 with @entity2689 served as the catalyst for this multicenter investigation. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of @entity17390 among @entity1 with @entity2689 and to determine any association between the development of @entity17390 and the use of exogenous hormones in @entity1 with @entity2689 . DESIGN: A retrospective medical record review from January 1, 2000, through January 1, 2010, was performed of all @entity1 with @entity2689 . Data on @entity17390 and the use of hormone therapy were collected. SETTING: University of California-Davis Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. @entity1 : @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2689 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of concomitant @entity17390 and diagnosis of @entity2689 . Secondary outcome measures included the use of the exogenous hormones @entity172 or recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH). RESULTS: In total, 311 @entity1 with @entity2689 were identified from these 3 institutions. Among them, 8 @entity1 (2.6%) were diagnosed as having @entity17390 . Before the development of @entity17390 , 5 @entity1 had been treated with rhGH but not @entity172 , 1 @entity1 had received @entity172 but not rhGH, and 2 @entity1 did not receive either therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although the prevalence of @entity17390 among the general population is unknown, this study demonstrates a high prevalence (2.6%) of @entity17390 among @entity1 with @entity2689 . No apparent relationship was noted among our @entity1 or in the literature between the use of rhGH and the development of @entity17390 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity2689 : findings from a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17390 :: ('MESH:D018296', 'Disease') :: ['pilomatricomas', 'pilomatricoma']

answer: @entity17390 :: (MESH:D018296,Disease) :: ['pilomatricoma']


abstract: @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) is a potent hepatotoxin that can cause @entity82 of the liver. It's ability to provide a suitable rapid experimental @entity19 model for early @entity1 @entity82 was examined. The drug was administered to adult male albino @entity35 in order to document sequential pathological and biochemical alterations. Injury was produced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity1233 on three consecutive days of each week over a 3-week period. A rapid increase in collagen content was documented, with linear increases occurring from days 7 to 21. Livers were examined for histopathological changes on days 7, 14 and 21 following the beginning of exposure. Severe centrilobular congestion and @entity6243 could be observed on day 7. Centrilobular @entity39 and intense neutrophilic infiltration were observed on day 14. By day 21, collagen fiber deposition could be observed, together with @entity39 , with focal fatty changes, bile duct proliferation, @entity39 and @entity82 surrounding the central veins. A decrease in total protein and increase in DNA were also documented. @entity1233 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 appears to be a potential animal model for early @entity1 @entity82 and the rapid deposition of collagen, and may serve as a convenient procedure for screening antifibrotic agents.

title: XXXX -induced @entity99 in @entity35 : the early deposition of collagen.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['severe centrilobular necrosis', 'necrosis', 'bridging necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['Dimethylnitrosamine']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies have revealed that in arterial @entity101 @entity4346 is an important risk factor for @entity712 . Accordingly antihypertensive therapy should aim at preventing or regressing @entity4346 . Reduction of blood pressure does not necessarily induce reversal of @entity4346 . Vasodilators like @entity2514 and @entity5491 , which lead to augmented plasma levels of @entity1063 , were not able to diminish @entity4346 . In contrast, a sympatholytic therapy with @entity12833 caused a reversal of left ventricular muscle mass. These experimental findings in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 led to the hypothesis that @entity2661 control the onset and progression of @entity1283 mostly independent of blood pressure. This hypothesis was supported by the experimental findings, that subhypertensive dosages of @entity1063 induce @entity4346 and that this hormone promotes alpha-receptor mediated growth of isolated myocytes. Recent studies have revealed that also the @entity3449 -angiotension-system has trophic effect on the myocardium. Clinical investigations have documented regression of @entity1283 due to antihypertensive therapy with sympatholytic drugs, @entity1811 -inhibitors, @entity460 -channel blockers and beta-receptor blockers. Diuretics failed to decrease left ventricular muscle mass along with blood pressure normalization.

title: [ @entity1811 inhibition: mechanisms of cardioprotection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['heart hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of general practice and primary care teams to @entity64 care has received surprisingly little attention despite research evidence on the importance of coordinated care. AIM: To determine general practitioners' (GPs') and their @entity1 ' satisfaction with hospital and community services for @entity64 @entity1 in Grampian Region, Scotland. METHOD: A questionnaire survey of 138 @entity64 @entity1 and their GPs was carried out six weeks after each @entity1 was discharged home between June 1995 and January 1996. Outcomes measured were GP and @entity1 satisfaction with services, Barthel Index, @entity148 and @entity308 scores, London Handicap Score, and Homsat and Hospsat scores (satisfaction with @entity64 services). RESULTS: Response rates of 95% (131) for GPs and 91% (125) for @entity1 were obtained. GPs and @entity1 were generally satisfied with services. @entity64 @entity1 were more likely to have had contact with their GP than with any other service. Adverse comments from GPs focused on problems with hospital discharge letters. At six weeks, @entity1 received an average of 2.5 community services and 1.5 hospital services, but there was wide variation across disability groups. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of satisfaction were high, but the wide range and variation in services used by @entity1 emphasized the complexity of the primary care of @entity64 @entity1 ; the need for coordination, review and effective links with hospital; and the key role of the GP.

title: XXXX services in general practice--are they satisfactory?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: This study aimed to clarify the local and systemic immune responses at different @entity4808 . Thirty female @entity35 were divided into three groups: full-thickness (F), partial-thickness (P), and Sham (S). Burns were induced on three separate areas on the dorsums of rats. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma; tumor @entity39 factor-alpha; interleukin (IL)-1, @entity568 , and @entity13358 were measured once in controls and 1 hour after burn, 48 hours after burn, and 7 days after burn in F and P groups. Neutrophils, @entity22519 -positive macrophages, HLA-DR-positive cells, and CD3-positive lymphocytes were graded semiquantitatively, and the wounds were examined once in shams and at 1 hour after burn, 48 hours after burn, and 7 days after burn in F and P groups. @entity568 levels were highest in F group, followed by P group 1 hour after burn. @entity3692 levels were higher in the F group; IL-1 levels were higher in F and P groups at 1 hour after burn. Local accumulation of macrophages was similar in F and P groups. Lymphocytes were denser in P group at 1 hour after burn, and neutrophils were denser in F group at 7 days after burn. We suggest that early elevations of @entity568 and @entity3692 prolong inflammation in full-thickness burns. Modulation of proinflammatory cytokines may improve burn wound treatment.

title: Interactions of systemic immune response and local wound healing in different @entity4808 : an experimental study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['burn depths']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have analyzed the effects of several class I antiarrhythmic drugs ( @entity2779 , @entity5126 , its enantiomer @entity4807 , @entity7306 , @entity6237 and @entity2683 ), @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) and @entity5217 on the vasodilator effects of the @entity6883 -dependent K+ channels channel opener levcromakalim in isolated @entity35 aorta precontracted by 30 mM @entity4338 . @entity1041 (>1 mM) and @entity7306 (>/=10 microM), induced a sustained contraction in resting aortic rings. @entity2779 (>/=3 microM), @entity5126 (>/=30 microM), @entity7306 (>/=100 microM) and @entity6237 (>/=100 microM) but not the other drugs decreased the contraction induced by 30 mM @entity4338 in a concentration-dependent manner. @entity2779 (>/=1 microM), @entity5126 (>/=10 microM), @entity4807 (>/=1 microM), @entity7306 (>/=3 microM), @entity6237 (>/=100 microM), @entity2683 (>/=3 microM), @entity1041 (>/=0.3 mM) and @entity5217 (>/=0.1 microM) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the vasodilation induced by levcromakalim in @entity35 aortic rings. The order of potency of the drugs, expressed as pD2 values, to inhibit the vasodilation induced by 0.3 microM levcromakalim was the following: @entity5217 (6.84) > @entity4807 (6.14) > @entity2779 (5.27) > @entity7306 (5.03) > @entity5126 (4.80) > @entity2683 (4.68) > @entity6237 (3.37) > @entity1041 (3. 20). With the exception of @entity6237 and @entity2683 , the slopes of the Schild plots were similar to unity. Based on the mode of antagonism these drugs could be classified in four groups: 1) @entity5217 which only shifted the curves to the right, 2) @entity5126 and @entity7306 that, at low concentrations, shifted the curve to the right but, at higher concentrations, it also reduced the maximal relaxant effect, 3) @entity2779 , @entity4807 and @entity1041 that shifted the curve rightwards and reduced the maximal relaxation at all concentrations and 4) @entity6237 and @entity2683 whose Schild slopes were clearly different from unity. In conclusion, class I antiarrhythmic drugs inhibited levcromakalim-induced relaxation in isolated @entity35 aorta. The concentrations at which these effects were observed were within the therapeutic range (except for @entity6237 ) and similar to those reported to inhibit @entity6883 -dependent K+ channel currents. Analysis of the concentration-response curves revealed that these drugs produced a noncompetitive antagonism of levcromakalim-induced relaxations.

title: Antagonism by class I antiarrhythmic drugs of levcromakalim-induced relaxation in isolated XXXX aorta.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A phase I study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated doses of intravenous @entity2879 and @entity1311 for @entity1 with previously treated persistent or recurrent @entity43 . Starting doses were @entity1311 135 mg/m2 during 24 hours and @entity2879 50 mg/m2/day for 3 consecutive days. The study was designed to escalate first the dose of @entity2879 , and then the dose of @entity1311 , in successive cohorts of @entity1 . In an attempt to determine whether @entity137 was affected by sequence of the drugs, the order of administration of the two drugs was reversed on alternate cycles. The starting doses of @entity1311 (135 mg/m2/24 hours) and @entity2879 (50 mg/m2/day x 3) caused severe @entity1398 even with the addition of @entity1261 , and the trial was amended to administer the @entity1311 during 3 hours. However, this also proved too myelosuppressive without growth factor support. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated. A complete response was observed in one of nine @entity1 with measurable disease, and a major decrease in CA-125 was noted in two @entity1 who did not have measurable disease. Because of the severe myelosuppression observed in most @entity1 , dose reduction was often required after the first cycle. The power to detect sequence-dependent variation in @entity137 was minimal; however, no large differences were observed. A combination of the usual doses of these drugs will be difficult to administer in @entity1 who have received previous chemotherapy for @entity43 .

title: Phase I trial of XXXX and @entity2879 for recurrent @entity43 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: This study reports polysomnographic features of five @entity1 with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). They were referred for evaluation of presumptive @entity387 on the basis of history and physical examination, but were found to have predominantly CSR on all-night sleep study. On the initial polysomnographic study, CSR comprised 47 to 86% of all disordered-breathing events. Cheyne-Stokes respiration resulted in considerable oxyhemoglobin desaturation (mean baseline saturation was 95 +/- 4 +/- SD, and lowest saturation was 76 +/- 8). More than one-half of all CSR events resulted in awakenings or arousals. Evidence of @entity1224 was noted in the majority of CSR events in three of five @entity1 . Four @entity1 were treated with @entity2544 ; one who refused drug therapy was treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Comparison of sleep studies before and after therapy showed a significant decrease in the CSR index (29 +/- 11 versus 2 +/- 2) and in the maximal oxyhemoglobin desaturation associated with CSR (13 +/- 5 versus 3 +/- 2), and an improvement in lowest O2 saturation associated with CSR (76 +/- 8 versus 91 +/- 4). Total disruptions in sleep architecture per hour of sleep improved significantly with therapy (46 +/- 21 versus 20 +/- 8). We conclude that the clinical presentation of CSR can be indistinguishable from that of the "traditional" sleep @entity27 and can result in major @entity7672 desaturation and @entity1949 . Theophylline results in considerable improvement in the disordered breathing of CSR during sleep.

title: Cheyne-Stokes respiration presenting as XXXX . Clinical and polysomnographic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: Morbidity and mortality in @entity5 are mainly related to the clinical consequences of tumoral peptide hypersecretion. Surgical resection at an early stage is the only curative treatment. However, most @entity5 are detected only when the hypersecretory state reflects the presence of metastases; surgery and chemotherapy then give only palliative results counterbalanced by serious side-effects. @entity1943 inhibits most endocrine secretions of the GEP tract and thus can alleviate invalidating symptoms. Its use is limited by its short half-life (2 min), the necessity of i.v. infusion and the possibility of a rebound phenomenon. @entity2390 , a synthetic @entity1943 analogue with a long duration of action, is administered subcutaneously and allows ambulatory treatment. In our series of 78 @entity1 we observed about 80 percent of excellent or good clinical results, enabling the @entity1 to resume normal life. Only minor and transient side-effects were noted. The overall tolerance of the drug was considered excellent or good. Prolonged administration of @entity2390 is a safe and effective symptomatic treatment in @entity1 without any restriction of anti-tumoral procedures. Furthermore, it prevents the severe @entity4303 crises that occur during surgery or embolization in @entity1 with @entity4303 .

title: [Use of XXXX in the treatment of digestive endocrine @entity5 . A French multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine gastro-enteropancreatic (GEP) tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndromes', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: The @entity25096 ( @entity25096 ) is an uncommon @entity5 of the intestinal tract and retroperitoneum first described by Herrera and associates in 1984. Distinction of @entity5 from other @entity674 is based on electron microscopic findings. Thus far there have been 12 reported cases. We present an additional 12 @entity5 , identified by us during 4 years. There were seven male and five female @entity1 and they ranged in age from 10 to 85 years (mean: 58 years). Sites of the @entity5 were stomach (three), jejunum (two), ileum (four), mesentery (one), and retroperitoneum (two). Eight of the @entity5 measured > 10 cm in greatest dimension. Usually well circumscribed, the @entity5 were tan to light pink, sometimes hemorrhagic, and soft. There was a variety of histologic patterns including fascicles, palisades, and whorls. Mitotic activity varied from 0 to 23 mitosis per 10 @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). Using a panel of 10 immunohistochemical stains, only @entity2277 was consistently positive. There was neuron-specific enolase reactivity in six and @entity4483 protein reactivity in two cases. All muscle markers were negative. Ultrastructural studies showed neuron-like cells with long axonic cytoplasmic processes ending in bulbous synapse-like structures containing dense-core neurosecretory granules and clear vesicles. Basement membrane was absent. These features are reminiscent of ganglia of the intestinal autonomic nervous system. The @entity1 were followed for 5-125 months (mean of 26 months). @entity5 recurred or metastasized to the liver in seven @entity1 (58%) and four @entity1 died with @entity5 . There were correlations between @entity5 size (> 10 cm), mitotic count (at least five per 10 @entity2194 ), and @entity146 .

title: XXXX . A clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['high-power fields', 'HPF']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumor', 'tumor', 'GAN tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity25096 :: ('MESH:C537517', 'Disease') :: ['GAN tumor', 'gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor']

answer: @entity25096 :: (MESH:C537517,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Male @entity250 is a common complication of @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), but the relative impact of @entity323 ( @entity323 ), @entity409 ( @entity409 ), and/or decreased libido (DL) on global sexual bother has not been assessed. AIM: To assess the relationship between @entity323 , @entity409 , and DL and overall sexual satisfaction in @entity1 with type 1 @entity3918 , and determine which form of dysfunction causes the most bother. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 713 @entity1 with type 1 @entity3918 who completed the @entity6 Control and Complication Trial and then participated in the follow-up Epidemiology of @entity6 Interventions and Complications Study. In year 10 of EDIC, 583 (83%) completed a validated instrument assessing @entity323 , @entity409 , and DL and the bother these conditions cause. Statistical tests determined the concordance of function and bother in each domain, and the impact of each domain on overall sexual satisfaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 -reported outcomes using responses to individual items of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). RESULTS: @entity323 was present in 34%, @entity409 in 20%, and DL in 55%. When correlated with overall sexual satisfaction, @entity323 had the highest weighted kappa (0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-0.87), while @entity409 (0.57, 95% CI = 0.51-0.63) and DL (0.55, 95%CI = 0.48-0.62) were considerably lower. Furthermore, the single item assessing confidence in getting and keeping an erection had the strongest correlation with overall sexual bother as well as specific erectile bother. CONCLUSIONS: @entity323 , @entity409 , and DL are highly prevalent in @entity1 with long-standing type I @entity6 . All three @entity250 cause bother in @entity1 with @entity3918 , but @entity323 causes more general sexual bother and likely has a greater overall impact on quality of life. Our data underscore the importance of asking @entity1 with @entity3918 about their sexual function and point to the need for further research to investigate disorders of @entity458 and desire.

title: @entity250 and symptom impact in XXXX with long-standing type 1 @entity6 in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orgasmic dysfunction', 'OD']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Catheter-associated @entity793 (CAB) with transurethral catheters is almost inevitable. Suprapubic catheters (SPCs) are widely considered to decrease the risk of CAB. However, SPCs are implants similarly prone to microbial biofilm formation. The spectrum of colonising pathogens has not been investigated. The aim of this prospective study was: (1) to assess the diversity of microbial suprapubic catheter colonisation (MSPCC), (2) to identify risk factors and (3) to investigate its association with CAB and @entity293 ( @entity293 ). METHODS: A total of 218 SPCs from 112 @entity1 were studied. Urine specimens were obtained after device replacement or removal. Sonication was performed to dislodge adherent microorganisms. Data of @entity1 sex, age, indwelling time, and underlying disease were recorded. RESULTS: Sonicate-fluid culture (SFC) detected MSPCC in 95 %. Increasing indwelling time correlated with MSPCC (p < 0.05). Negative SFC was more frequent when antibiotic prophylaxis was applied at time of catheter placement (15 vs. 2 %, p < 0.05). Most commonly isolated were Enterobacteriaceae (45.8 %), followed by Enterococcus spp. (25.7 %) and @entity796 (10.3 %). CAB and @entity293 were observed in 95 and 11 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first analysis of MSPCC. Indwelling time increases, whereas antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the risk of MSPCC. The spectrum of pathogens is comparable to the one obtained from urethral catheter biofilms. Urine specimens could not demonstrate the microbial diversity of MSPCC. SPCs are not preferable to urethral catheters to reduce CAB. Whether the risk of @entity293 could be minimised by SPCs remains to be clarified.

title: Microbial biofilm formation and catheter-associated XXXX in @entity1 with suprapubic catheterisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-associated urinary tract infection', 'CA-UTI']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['bacteriuria']


abstract: @entity231 surgery is one of the most successful procedures in the last decades. In this paper we present the evolution and the treatment results in four cases of post @entity231 surgery @entity892 , analyzing the causes influencing the outcome of strabismus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the last three years, four cases of post @entity231 surgery @entity892 have been diagnosed in the Ophthalmological Clinic of Cluj. The surgical procedure used in all four @entity1 was phacoemulsification and artificial lens implantation. The @entity1 received para- or retrobulbar @entity3303 2- % anesthesia. @entity15170 was present in all @entity1 , with a variable time of onset. The evolution of @entity892 decided the therapeutic attitude. One @entity1 was treated with extraocular muscle surgery. The second one received prismatic optical correction. In one @entity1 @entity892 disappeared spontaneously after one month of evolution. The fourth @entity1 refused surgical correction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The two treated @entity1 (surgery and prismatic optical correction) had a favorable outcome. The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. @entity137 is the main cause of ocular deviations and @entity892 after @entity231 surgery. 2. The inferior rectus muscle is the most frequently affected. 3. @entity15170 is the most frequent @entity2194 . 4. Post @entity231 surgery @entity892 may disappear spontaneously or can be treated surgically (extraocular muscle surgery) or optically (prismatic optical correction).

title: [ XXXX through @entity137 after @entity231 surgery].

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['Diplopia']