abstract: In this survey, we studied the effect of extensive @entity4509 usage on the epidemiology of @entity4028 resistance in a general hospital. The baseline resistance in the 12 months before @entity4509 was 5.8% for @entity4509 , 15.2% for @entity801 , 16.4% for @entity2890 and 14.0% for @entity5153 . During the following 44 months, @entity4509 was the @entity4028 of first choice. In the first 2 years of this phase, resistance to @entity4509 did not change significantly. Later, @entity4509 resistance rose significantly, mainly due to the introduction of @entity4509 -resistant @entity9238 strains. In general there was a significant decrease in resistance to @entity801 and @entity2890 . Resistance mechanisms were examined in 380 strains. AAC(3)V, and AAC(6')I alone or coupled with ANT(2") or AAC(3) were the most prevalent enzymes. In the @entity4509 phase, we noticed a significant increase of strains harbouring the AAC(6')I enzyme, while strains with the AAC(3)V were less frequently isolated. Strains with permeability resistance did not become more prevalent during the period of extensive @entity4509 use.

title: A 56-month prospective surveillance study on the epidemiology of XXXX resistance in a Belgian general hospital.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter aerogenes']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: The changes in clinical presentation of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ) in recent years have made many of the original definitions of @entity2107 obsolete. The use of supplemental @entity26 as a criterion for @entity2107 diagnosis has many limitations. Supplemental @entity26 is necessary to treat these @entity1 , but at the same time it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2107 . Because there are no accepted standards for supplemental @entity26 administration, there are wide variations for its indications among different centers and this has a marked effect on the reported incidence of @entity2107 . For this reason, it is essential to standardize the indications for supplemental @entity26 when duration of @entity26 therapy is used as the main criteria to diagnose @entity2107 . Using supplemental @entity26 need at specific time points does not necessarily reflect @entity13092 and should be avoided as a single diagnostic criterion for @entity2107 . A prolonged duration of supplemental @entity26 is necessary to demonstrate the presence of @entity13092 . The criteria based on supplemental @entity26 at 36 weeks postmenstrual age has gained wide acceptance, but it is a less stringent criterion for the more mature @entity1 . The longer the gestation, the shorter the time on @entity26 that is required to meet this @entity2107 criterion. None of the proposed criteria based on duration of @entity26 therapy have shown a strong predictive value for long-term outcome. In view of all these shortcomings, it is essential to develop more objective physiologic tools to define the degree of @entity358 and improve the prediction for long-term outcome in these @entity1 .

title: Definitions and diagnostic criteria for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity13092 :: ('MESH:D001925', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung damage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Restriction of dietary fat and @entity165 are recommended for treating @entity407 , but may alter vitamin or mineral intakes. We evaluated changes in nutrients of individuals taught the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Step II diet. METHODS: Subjects participated in a randomized controlled trial of the @entity165 -lowering effect of the NCEP Step II diet. Eligibility criteria included elevated fasting plasma LDL- @entity165 , no lipid-altering medications, and diet not already fat-modified. Subjects attended eight weekly dietitian-led classes. Four-day food records collected 6 months post-intervention were compared to baseline records. RESULTS: Of 409 subjects with complete data, 123 met Step I and 166 met Step II diet criteria. Intakes of micronutrients associated with fruits and vegetables ( @entity2066 and @entity904 , @entity620 , @entity1501 , @entity1760 , and @entity972 ) increased on both diets. Patterns of decreased mean intake and/or fewer subjects consuming 2/3 Recommended Dietary Allowance were seen for @entity460 , @entity270 , and @entity219 . CONCLUSIONS: NCEP Step I and II diets generally match or exceed unmodified diet for vitamin and mineral content. Premenopausal @entity1 do not appear to be at increased risk of low @entity68 intake. @entity270 intake decreases, although the significance is unknown in the context of lower fat intake and increased intake of other antioxidants. Diet counseling and materials should encourage sources of @entity460 for @entity1 , and @entity219 for both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Nutritional intake of @entity1 and XXXX on the NCEP Step I and Step II diets.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: In skeletal muscle, @entity141 is implicated in contraction, and in regulation of gene expression. An alteration of [ @entity141 ](i) homeostasis is responsible, at least partially, for the @entity121 that occurs after eccentric contractions in @entity1555 , a disease characterized by the loss of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Using patch clamp in the cell-attached configuration, we characterized the store-operated channels (SOCs) and the stretch-activated channels (SACs) present in isolated @entity19 skeletal muscle. SOCs were voltage independent, had a unitary conductance between 7 and 8 pS (110 mm @entity141 in the pipette), and their open probability increased when the sarcoplasmic reticulum was depleted by @entity2426 . These SOCs were identical to those previously described in the pathophysiology of @entity1555 . Under the same experimental conditions, we detected a channel activity that was increased by applying a negative pressure to the patch electrode. The SACs responsible for this current had the same unitary conductance and current-voltage relationship as those observed for SOCs. SOCs and SACs had a similar sensitivity to pharmacological agents such as @entity15311 , @entity21808 , @entity15258 and @entity50471 . Moreover, stimulation with @entity7424 increased the occurrence of the activity of both channel types. Together, these observations suggest that SOCs and SACs might belong to the same population or share common constituents. From a functional point of view, treatment of soleus muscle with @entity21808 or GsMTx4 toxin increased its sensitivity to a fatigue protocol, suggesting that the influx of @entity141 that occurs through these channels during contraction is also involved in force maintaining during repeated stimulations.

title: Functional role of store-operated and stretch-activated channels in XXXX adult skeletal muscle fibres.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity50471 :: ('MESH:C411249', 'Chemical') :: ['GsMTx4 toxin']

entities_list: @entity15258 :: ('MESH:C109986', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sexual offenders are believed to present marked @entity458 . However, most of the studies characterizing sex offenders' sexual functioning were conducted with samples of documented/incarcerated @entity458 . At the present state of the knowledge there is limited information on the sexual functioning profile of individuals reporting some form of @entity458 but who were not documented/apprehended by the judicial system. AIM: The aim of this preliminary study was to characterize a sample of community @entity458 (college students) according to their sexual functioning. Results were expected to add information about the relationship between sexual functioning and @entity458 , and to impact strategies aimed at preventing @entity146 . METHODS: One hundred sixty-one male college students participated in a cross-sectional study. Students were recruited at a Portuguese university using nonrandom methods. Among these students, 35 reported @entity146 against @entity1 . The measures were completed individually and anonymously. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 completed a modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function, the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales, the Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale, the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context, and the Sexual-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Results indicated that students reporting @entity146 against @entity1 presented significantly more erectile and orgasmic difficulties, and more @entity458 due to the threat of performance failure than the control peers. Additionally, students reporting @entity146 presented more sexual embarrassment, and more schemas of undesirability and @entity337 . CONCLUSIONS: Results pointed toward a possible relationship between @entity458 as reported by college students and @entity148 . These findings are expected to impact conceptual models on @entity146 perpetrated by nonforensic individuals.

title: The sexual functioning profile of a nonforensic sample of individuals reporting XXXX against @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual aggression on college campus', 'sexual aggression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual difficulties', 'sexual aggressors', 'sexual violence', 'sexual inhibition']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['sexual performance anxiety']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual aggression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe two @entity1 with @entity4434 's @entity8 secondary to @entity6182 and speculate on the possible etiology. DESIGN: Convenience sample. SETTING: Tertiary care, referral center. @entity1 : Two related @entity1 referred for @entity177 to thrive, rickets, and @entity382 . INTERVENTION: Dietary and therapeutic measures for rickets and @entity8 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The main laboratory findings were fasting @entity4053 and massive @entity15157 , with evidence of @entity8 characteristic of the @entity4434 . Liver and kidney biopsy specimens were consistent with @entity6182 . Enzymatic assay of liver homogenates revealed marked deficiency of phosphorylase b kinase in one @entity1 and absent activity in the other. CONCLUSION: Phosphorylase b kinase deficiency may be causally related to @entity4434 . More @entity1 with this syndrome need to be studied before a definitive causal role is implicated.

title: XXXX with hepatorenal glycogenosis associated with phosphorylase b kinase deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'multiple renal tubular dysfunction', 'renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi', 'hepatorenal glycogenosis with the Fanconi syndrome', 'Fanconi syndrome']

answer: @entity4434 :: (MESH:D005198,Disease) :: ['Fanconi's syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1489 remain at risk for disease progression or relapse for many years. Therefore, @entity1489 may be considered a chronic, life-threatening disease. It could impact on @entity1 lifestyles and social and professional activities. Although no direct study of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in @entity1489 @entity1 has been carried out, a few studies suggest that @entity1489 may strongly impair quality of life and eventually determine a significant @entity73 ( @entity320 more than @entity1489 ). Obviously, the life course of @entity1 with @entity320 at an advanced stage of the disease may change considerably. A number of @entity5 -associated problems may determine a @entity73 , including familial or professional changes and a reduction of life expectancy may eventually lead to social withdrawal and @entity308 . Even @entity1 with a low stage disease may experience an important impairment of quality of life and in some cases a @entity73 . Some @entity1489 @entity1 may have physical and psychological after effects from their @entity5 surgery. Several @entity1 complain about @entity4269 , discomfort experienced from wearing surgical stockings, and diminished range of physical motion postsurgery. A few are concerned about their body image due to surgical scars, and they may consider changing their job position because of the supposed negative impact of scars in visible sites on their ability to perform their job. Some female @entity320 survivors may have a reduced desire of having @entity1 in the future.

title: Cumulative life course impairment in @entity320 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CLCI', 'cumulative life course impairment']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']


abstract: @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the G(1)/S transition. Increased degradation of @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) is associated with cellular transformation. Previous work demonstrated that the ubiquitin ligases @entity49733 /KPC2 and @entity6826 ( @entity20127 ) ubiquitinate @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) in G(1) and early S, respectively. The regulation of these ligases remains unclear. We report here that the @entity43515 deubiquitinating enzyme interacts with and stabilizes @entity49733 , thereby modulating @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) levels and cell proliferation. Cells depleted of @entity43515 by RNA interference exhibited an inhibition of cell proliferation, progressing more slowly from G(0)/G1 to S phase, and accumulated @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ). This increase in @entity13524 ( @entity13525 ) was associated with normal levels of @entity20127 but reduced levels of @entity49733 . The overexpression of @entity49733 or the use of @entity13524 (-/-) cells inhibited significantly the growth defect observed upon @entity43515 depletion. @entity49733 was ubiquitinated in vivo and stabilized by proteasome inhibitors and by overexpression of @entity43515 , and it also coimmunoprecipitated with @entity43515 . Our results identify @entity43515 as the first deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the stability of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and demonstrate that progression through G(1) to S phase is, like the metaphase-anaphase transition, controlled in a hierarchical, multilayered fashion.

title: @entity43515 deubiquitinating enzyme supports cell proliferation by stabilizing XXXX , a ubiquitin ligase for @entity13525 .

answer: @entity49733 :: (63891,Gene) :: ['KPC1']


abstract: Although most @entity1 who have @entity1963 have an excellent result after pull-through surgery, some experience persistent @entity1142 caused by "internal @entity1690 ." @entity6967 has been advocated for this problem, but it results in permanent @entity130 and is not universally effective. Botulinum toxin has been safely used to selectively and reversibly weaken a variety of voluntary muscles and sphincters in both adults and @entity1 . Injection of botulinum toxin into the internal anal sphincter (IAS) should theoretically produce the same functional result as anal myectomy without permanent @entity130 . Four @entity1 aged 4 to 8 years presented with persistent @entity1142 after a pull-through procedure for @entity1963 . Two had associated @entity2464 , both of whom had previous myectomies. The authors performed four-quadrant intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection (total dose, 15 U). Resting IAS pressure decreased in all @entity1 4 to 8 weeks after injection. @entity1 have been followed up for 7 to 9 months. One @entity1 (with @entity1467 ) remained symptomatically unchanged. The other three families reported significant improvement in bowel function in their @entity1 . In two of these, there was a return of symptoms 6 months after injection; one @entity1 underwent reinjection with good results. Postinjection @entity322 occurred in three @entity1 , but resolved after several weeks in the one who did not have @entity2464 before botulinum toxin injection. These preliminary results suggest that botulinum toxin may represent a less invasive alternative to anal myectomy for @entity1 who have severe @entity1142 after surgery for @entity1963 . If myectomy is contemplated, botulinum toxin may also be useful as a means of predicting which @entity1 may benefit.

title: Preliminary experience with intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for persistent @entity1142 after pull-through for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter achalasia']

entities_list: @entity6967 :: ('MESH:D001005', 'Disease') :: ['Anal myectomy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2464 :: ('MESH:D004688', 'Disease') :: ['encopresis']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter injury', 'injury to the sphincter']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: An erect posture with @entity426 is a characteristic feature of @entity1 compared to other mammals. Most of our knowledge about the hierarchical network of supraspinal locomotor centers derives from animal experiments, mainly in the cat. We posed the question of whether evolutionary transition from quadrupedal to @entity426 --with associated change of foreleg function--caused reorganization of these supraspinal locomotor centers. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified separate and distinct cerebellar and brainstem BOLD signal increases related to posture and gait during mental imagery of standing, walking, and running in healthy volunteers (n=26). Comparison with the locomotion centers in the cat showed that these activations include the pacemakers for gait initiation and speed regulation in the interfastigial cerebellum and bilateral midbrain tegmentum (cerebellar and @entity3308 locomotor regions), their descending target regions in the pontine reticular formation, and the rhythm generators in the cerebellar vermis and paravermal cortex. Moreover, during mental imagery of stance, a BOLD signal increase was observed in the dorsal pons, reflecting an activation of the dorsal tegmental field, a locomotion-suppressing site in the cat. These results support the view that the organization of supraspinal locomotor centers was preserved during the transition to @entity426 . The clinical relevance of these centers has so far been largely neglected. However, @entity191 , for example, is associated with reduced cell counts in the pedunculopontine nucleus, a part of the @entity3308 locomotor region. This association suggests that deep brain stimulation of locomotion centers may provide new therapeutic approaches for common gait disorders.

title: Imaging XXXX supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['bipedal locomotion']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity111 is a common symptom in chronic @entity409 , which may also alter thermal sensitivity. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear and treatments are not satisfactory. Portal-systemic shunting has been proposed to alter thermal sensitivity in cirrhotics. @entity32 -induced enhanced activity of the @entity5510 ( @entity5510 ) may contribute to @entity111 and thermal @entity1931 . @entity7855 reduces neuroinflammation in @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) @entity35 . The aims were to assess whether: (1) @entity5033 @entity35 show enhanced scratching or thermal sensitivity; (2) @entity5510 activity is enhanced in @entity5033 @entity35 ; (3) treatment with @entity7855 reduces @entity5510 activation, scratching and thermal @entity1931 . @entity35 were treated with @entity7855 beginning 3  weeks after surgery. The number of scratches performed were counted. Thermal @entity1931 was analyzed using the Hargreaves' Plantar Test. @entity5510 activation by measuring the increase in @entity141 induced by @entity2951 in dorsal root ganglia neurons. @entity5033 @entity35 show enhanced scratching behavior, reaching 66        5 scratches/h (p   <   0.01) at 21  days after surgery, while controls show 37        2 scratches/h. @entity5033 @entity35 show thermal @entity1931 . Paw withdrawal latency was reduced (p   <   0.05) to 10        1  s compared to controls (21        2  s). @entity2951 -induced @entity460 increase was higher in dorsal root ganglia cultures from @entity5033 @entity35 , indicating @entity5510 functional increase. @entity5033 @entity35 show enhanced scratching behavior and thermal sensitivity and are a good model to study these alterations in chronic @entity409 . Enhanced sensitivity and activity of @entity5510 channel underlies these alterations. Treatment with @entity7855 reduces @entity5510 channel sensitivity and activity and normalizes scratching behavior and thermal sensitivity.

title: XXXX Treatment Eliminates Pruritogenesis and Thermal @entity1931 in @entity35 with Portacaval Shunts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'portacaval shunt']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['Sildenafil']


abstract: Structures suppressed during evolution can be retraced due to atavisms and vestiges. Atavism is an exceptional emergence of an ancestral form in a living individual. In contrast, ancestral vestige regularly occurs in all members of an actual species. We surveyed data about the vestigial and atavistic teeth in mammals, updated them by recent findings in @entity19 and @entity1 embryos, and discussed their ontogenetic and evolutionary implications. In the @entity19 incisor and @entity14773 regions, dental placodes are transiently distinct being morphologically similar to the early tooth primordia in reptiles. Two large vestigial buds emerge in front of the prospective first molar and presumably correspond to the premolars eliminated during @entity19 evolution. The incorporation of the posterior premolar vestige into the lower first molar illustrates the putative mechanism of evolutionary disappearance of the last premolar in the @entity19 . In mutant @entity19 , devious development of the ancestral tooth primordia might lead to their revivification and origin of atavistic supernumerary teeth. Similarity in the developmental schedule between three molars in @entity19 and the respective third and fourth deciduous premolar and the first molar in @entity1 raises a question about putative homology of these teeth. The complex patterning of the vestibular and dental epithelium in @entity1 embryos is reminiscent of the pattern of "Zahnreihen" in lower vertebrates. A hypothesis was presented about the developmental relationship between the structures at the external aspect of the dentition in mammals (oral vestibule, pre-lacteal teeth, paramolar cusps/teeth), the tooth glands in reptiles, and the earliest teeth in lower vertebrates.

title: Phylogenetic memory of developing XXXX dentition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The mainstays of treatment for peripartum @entity308 are psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. More research is needed to understand which treatments are safe, preferable, and effective. Postpartum @entity308 , now termed peripartum @entity308 by the DSM-V, is one of the most common complications in the postpartum period and has potentially significant negative consequences for mothers and their families. This article highlights common clinical challenges in the treatment of peripartum @entity308 and reviews the evidence for currently available treatment options. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for @entity1 with mild to moderate peripartum @entity308 . Antidepressant medication in combination with therapy is recommended for @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity308 . Although pooled case reports and small controlled studies have demonstrated undetectable infant serum levels and no short-term adverse events in @entity1 of mothers breastfeeding while taking @entity3756 (Zoloft) and @entity903 (Paxil), further research is needed including larger samples and long-term follow-up of @entity1 exposed to antidepressants via breastfeeding controlling for maternal @entity308 . Pharmacologic treatment recommendations for @entity1 who are lactating must include discussion with the @entity1 regarding the benefits of breastfeeding, risks of antidepressant use during lactation, and risks of @entity221 . There is a growing evidence base for nonpharmacologic interventions including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, which may offer an attractive option for @entity1 who wish to continue to breastfeed and are concerned about their @entity1 being exposed to medication. Among severe cases of peripartum @entity308 with @entity716 , referral to a psychiatrist or @entity146 advanced practice registered nurse is warranted. Suicidal or homicidal ideation with a desire, intent, or plan to harm oneself or anyone else, including the @entity1 , is a @entity146 emergency, and an evaluation by a mental health professional should be conducted immediately. Peripartum @entity308 treatment research is limited by small sample sizes and few controlled studies. Much work is still needed to better understand which treatments @entity1 prefer and are the most effective in ameliorating the symptoms and disease burden associated with peripartum @entity308 .

title: Management of postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['untreated illness']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its introduction about 10 years ago, and because of its encouraging early results regarding @entity353 and morbidity, laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB) has been considered by many as the treatment of choice for morbid @entity28 . Few long-term studies have been published. We present our results after up to 8 years (mean 74 months) of follow-up. METHODS: Prospective data of @entity1 who had LGB have been collected since 1995, with exclusion of the first 30 @entity1 (learning curve). Major late complications are defined as those requiring band removal (major reoperation), with or without conversion to another procedure. Failure is defined as an excess @entity353 (EWL) of <25%, or major reoperation. RESULTS: Between June 1997 and June 2003, LGB was performed in 317 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 and 274 @entity1 . Mean age was 38 years (19-69), mean weight was 119 kg (79-179), and mean BMI was 43.5 kg/m(2) (34-78). 97.8% of the @entity1 were available for follow-up after 3 years, 88.2% after 5 years, and 81.5% after 7 years. Overall, 105 (33.1%) of the @entity1 developed late complications, including band erosion in 9.5%, pouch dilatation/slippage in 6.3%, and catheter- or port-related problems in 7.6%. Major reoperation was required in 21.7% of the @entity1 . The mean EWL at 5 years was 58.5% in @entity1 with the band still in place. The failure rate increased from 13.2% after 18 months to 23.8% at 3, 31.5% at 5, and 36.9% at 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: LGB appeared promising during the first few years after its introduction, but results worsen over time, despite improvements in the operative technique and material. Only about 60% of the @entity1 without major complication maintain an acceptable EWL in the long term. Each year adds 3-4% to the major complication rate, which contributes to the total failure rate. With a nearly 40% 5-year failure rate, and a 43% 7-year success rate (EWL >50%), LGB should no longer be considered as the procedure of choice for @entity28 . Until reliable selection criteria for @entity1 at low risk for long-term complications are developed, other longer lasting procedures should be used.

title: A 10-year experience with laparoscopic gastric banding for morbid XXXX : high long-term complication and failure rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether reported increases in @entity328 resistance, as determined by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, correlate with the clinical efficacy of @entity4581 in treating @entity1 with acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 (AECB) or @entity497 ( @entity497 ). BACKGROUND: Surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance suggest that the overall rate of @entity2260 resistance in vitro in the United States has increased to approximately 45% during the past decade. @entity2260 is showing increased resistance to @entity114 , other @entity7660 , and @entity7187 . Despite this increased resistance, the clinical efficacy of @entity4581 does not appear to be diminished to the degree suggested by reported resistance rates. The author examined several studies of @entity4581 in @entity1 with AECB or @entity497 that demonstrate @entity2260 eradication rates in vivo of approximately 92%. The discordance between reported increases in resistance of @entity2260 isolates in vitro and the eradication rate with @entity4581 in vivo is discussed in light of 5 observations. RESULTS: First, surveillance data on @entity2260 resistance rates to @entity4581 may be overestimated. Second, efflux mutant strains may not be clinically resistant. Third, host immune defenses play a role in treatment outcomes. Fourth, in vitro resistance may not correlate with in vivo clinical success. Finally, @entity4581 and its active metabolite, @entity41957 , attain high concentrations in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Reported increases in the prevalence of @entity2260 resistance do not appear to have had proportional effects on the clinical efficacy of @entity4581 in the treatment of @entity1 with AECB or @entity497 caused by @entity2260 .

title: Comparison of bacteriologic eradication of @entity328 by XXXX and reports of increased antimicrobial resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity41957 :: ('MESH:C056228', 'Chemical') :: ['14-OH-clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['clarithromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of @entity1426 to @entity2918 . @entity2247 , unlike the constitutively expressed @entity9859 , is an inducible enzyme upregulated during cell proliferation and @entity32 . More recently, @entity2247 has been implicated in the development of numerous types of @entity5 . In addition, @entity2247 is highly expressed in several inflammatory diseases. Because of its dual role in @entity32 and @entity5 , we were interested in determining if @entity2247 plays a role in the development of @entity1 @entity259 and @entity2621 , an @entity792 frequently associated with @entity1374 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty paraffin-embedded @entity1 tissue specimens, including normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic thyroid sections, were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for expression of @entity1 @entity2247 . In addition, @entity2247 protein expression was verified by Western blot in two specimens. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of @entity2247 in @entity259 , including @entity1377 . Moreover, @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity1 with @entity2621 . @entity2247 expression, however, was not observed in normal thyroid tissue, @entity1376 , or @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that @entity3840 is expressed in @entity259 and thyroid epithelium from @entity1 with @entity2621 but not in normal thyroid. The expression of @entity2247 in both of these thyroid pathologies may provide a basis for the relationship between @entity105 and @entity792 .

title: @entity3840 expression in @entity1 @entity259 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid epithelial neoplasms', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition', 'autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: AIMS: This study is performed to determine the epidemiology and incidence of @entity2194 in Waikato, New Zealand. METHODS: The data was analysed on age, sex, ethnicity and type of @entity130 . Visual acuity (VA) at presentation and discharge was recorded. Details of slit lamp examination were noted. RESULTS: There were a total of 821 injuries. @entity1 had higher rate of @entity2194 than @entity1 (74% vs 26%, p<0.001). Mean age was 31 years for males and 37 years for females respectively. Highest number of @entity2194 was seen in age group 15-20 (11.5%). There were 253 @entity542 ( @entity542 ) and 568 closed globe injuries (CGI) (p<0.001). The most frequent causes of @entity4858 in @entity1 were related to outdoor activities (25.9%) and work (20.7%). In @entity1 , outdoor activity was also the highest cause (10%). The annual rate of @entity2194 was 20.5 per 100,000 populations. Final VA of greater than and equal to 6/12 was found in 590 eyes, 6/12-6/60 in 143 eyes and greater than and equal to 6/60 in 88 eyes. Primary or secondary vitreoretinal procedures were performed in 54 eyes. There were three cases (0.3%) of @entity3225 ( @entity32 of the internal coats of the eye). CONCLUSION: This study provides insight into epidemiology of @entity2194 in Waikato, New Zealand.

title: Ocular XXXX epidemiology: 10-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['OGI', 'open globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: From 1998 through 2005 3,294 cases of @entity912 ( @entity912 ) including 93 cases with clinical picture of @entity3328 were registered in Russian Federation. From the latter cases 91 were classified as vaccine-associated @entity3328 (VAPP): 66 were VAPP cases in oral @entity3328 vaccine (OPV) recipients and 25--VAPP cases in contacts. VAPP rate was 1 case per 1.6 million of distributed OPV doses, 1 case per 2.2 million doses for OPV recipients, and 1 case per 186,000 doses for recipients of 1st OPV dose in @entity1 aged < 1 year. Majority of VAPP cases in recipients occurred after 1st dose (89.4%) and in contacts--in non-vaccinated @entity1 (76%). Mean interval between OPV administration and onset of VAPP in recipients was 21 days. @entity1 aged < 1 year were predominant among VAPP cases (92.4% among recipient VAPP cases, and 80% among contact VAPP cases). Majority of the @entity1 had unfavorable health status including defects of immunity. Most of @entity9925 strains isolated from VAPP cases belonged to type 3 (52.9%) whereas to type 2 and 1--29.8% and 17.4% of strains respectively. All VAPP cases were associated with vaccine-derived polioviruses. A highly diverged @entity9925 type 1 (2.65% of @entity377 substitutions in VP1 region) was isolated from @entity1 with contact VAPP. Formation of poliovirus-neutralizing serum antibodies in @entity1 with VAPP including @entity1 with @entity465 reflects the ability of the organism to produce specific antiviral immune response.

title: [ XXXX in Russian Federation in 1998-2005].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis', 'paralytic poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['AFP', 'acute flaccid paralysis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['Paralytic poliomyelitis']


abstract: AIMS: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is common among @entity1 with @entity8 . @entity5424 , a novel oral anticoagulant with partial @entity8 , was compared with @entity1229 and reduced the rate @entity64 , @entity204 and @entity548 in the ARISTOTLE trial. We evaluated these outcomes in relation to renal function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault and @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations as well as cystatin C measurements. According to baseline Cockcroft-Gault, there were 7518 @entity1 (42%) with an estimated GFR (eGFR) of >80 mL/min, 7587 (42%) between >50 and 80 mL/min, and 3017 (15%) with an eGFR of  <=50 mL/min. The rate of cardiovascular events and @entity548 was higher at @entity8 ( <=80 mL/min). @entity5424 was more effective than @entity1229 in preventing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 and reducing mortality irrespective of renal function. These results were consistent, regardless of methods for GFR estimation. @entity5424 was associated with less @entity548 events across all ranges of eGFRs. The relative risk reduction in @entity548 was greater in @entity1 with an eGFR of  <=50 mL/min using Cockcroft-Gault {hazard ratio (HR) 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.66], interaction P = 0.005} or CKD-EPI equations [HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.37-0.64), interaction P = 0.003]. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity955 , @entity8 was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and @entity548 . When compared with @entity1229 , @entity5424 treatment reduced the rate of @entity64 , @entity204 , and @entity548 , regardless of renal function. @entity1 with @entity8 seemed to have the greatest reduction in @entity548 with @entity5424 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX when compared with @entity1229 in relation to renal function in @entity1 with @entity955 : insights from the ARISTOTLE trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion', 'renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban', 'Apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5424 :: (MESH:C522181,Chemical) :: ['apixaban']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt and validate Singapore English and Chinese versions of the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in Singapore. METHODS: Singapore English and Chinese versions were cross-culturally adapted from the source English KOOS following standard guidelines (including cognitive debriefing). @entity1 were asked to complete identical questionnaires containing the KOOS, Short Form 36 Health Survey, and EQ-5D twice within 6 days. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), dimensionality using item-to-domain correlations and convergent and divergent construct validity using 14 and 13 a priori hypotheses, respectively. RESULTS: Singapore English and Chinese KOOS versions were well accepted by @entity1 in pilot testing and were therefore administered to a consecutive sample of 127 English and 131 Chinese-speaking Singaporeans with knee @entity571 . Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.7 for all domains except for Chinese @entity158 and symptoms domains. ICC exceeded 0.7 for all domains except for English sport and recreation and Chinese knee-related QoL domains. Hypothesized item-to-domain correlations (Spearman's rho>or=0.4) were observed for 38 items in English and 29 in Chinese versions. Convergent construct validity was supported by the presence of hypothesized moderate/strong correlations (rho=0.37-0.65) for 13 and 11 a priori hypotheses in the English and Chinese KOOS, respectively. Divergent construct validity was supported by the presence of weak correlations (rho=0.02-0.34) for 12 and 11 a priori hypotheses in the English and Chinese KOOS, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Singapore English and Chinese KOOS were well accepted and demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in Asian @entity1 with knee @entity571 in Singapore.

title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore English and Chinese versions of the @entity3331 and XXXX Outcome Score (KOOS) in Asians with @entity626 in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: gastric bypass is the surgical procedure that is carried out most frequently in the treatment of @entity5845 . @entity850 of the gastro-jejunal @entity254 is a relatively frequent complication that requires endoscopic management. However, the optimal dilation technique is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dilation with a hydrostatic balloon (CRE) without radioscopic guidance in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 treated by laparoscopic bypass. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective review of the data elicited from 525 @entity1 treated against @entity5845 with laparoscopic gastric bypass from January, 2006 to November, 2010. RESULTS: a total of 22/525 @entity1 (4.1%) developed @entity850 of the @entity254 [20 @entity1 (91%), 2 @entity1 (9%)]. In four @entity1 (18.2%), there was an associated anastomotic @entity1066 , and in one case, there was a history of bleeding of an @entity1066 treated with @entity1463 one month earlier. The diagnosis of @entity850 was done in most @entity1 during the first 90 days after the bypass. All cases were resolved by means of @entity384 without adioscopic guidance, 15 cases (68.1%) required a single session, 6 cases (27.2%) two sessions, and 1 case (4.5%) required four sessions. This last case had an associated anastomotic @entity1066 . The diameter of the balloons ranged from 12 to 20 mm, generally using diameters of 12-15 mm in the first session, and increasing them in the following sessions according to the previous result. One @entity1 treated with a 20 mm balloon presented with a small tear, without showing any evidence of leak of contrast medium in the radioscopic guidance, and was thus managed conservatively. In the follow-up, no re-stenoses were detected. CONCLUSIONS: in our experience, @entity850 of the @entity254 in the laparoscopic gastric bypass is an infrequent complication. When it happens, dilation with a hydrostatic balloon is an effective and safe treatment. Radioscopic guidance during dilation is not strictly necessary if norms of progressive dilation are followed.

title: @entity850 in laparoscopic gastric bypass: management by XXXX without fluoroscopic guidance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['endoscopic dilation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the site of obstruction and the pattern of airway collapse is essential for determining correct surgical and medical management of @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). To this end, several diagnostic tests and procedures have been developed. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) or M  ller's maneuver (MM) would be more successful at identifying the site of obstruction and the pattern of upper airway collapse in @entity1 with @entity27 . METHODS: The study included 63 @entity1 (52 male and 11 female) who were diagnosed with @entity27 at our clinic. Ages ranged from 30 to 66 years old and the average age was 48.5 years. All @entity1 underwent DISE and MM and the results of these examinations were characterized according to the region/degree of obstruction as well as the VOTE classification. The results of each test were analyzed per upper airway level and compared using statistical analysis (Cohen's kappa statistic test). RESULTS: There was statistically significant concordance between the results from DISE and MM for procedures involving the anteroposterior (73%), lateral (92.1%), and concentric (74.6%) configuration of the velum. Results from the lateral part of the oropharynx were also in concordance between the tests (58.7%). Results from the lateral configuration of the @entity2582 were in concordance between the tests (87.3%). There was no statistically significant concordance between the two examinations for procedures involving the anteroposterior of the tongue (23.8%) and @entity2582 (42.9%). CONCLUSION: We suggest that DISE has several advantages including safety, ease of use, and reliability, which outweigh MM in terms of the ability to diagnose sites of obstruction and the pattern of upper airway collapse. Also, MM can provide some knowledge of the pattern of pharyngeal collapse. Furthermore, we also recommend using the VOTE classification in combination with DISE.

title: Comparison of drug-induced sleep endoscopy and M  ller's maneuver in diagnosing XXXX using a VOTE classification system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome', 'OSAS']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2460 of the pleura (SFTP) are rare neoplasms with unusual histological and clinical features. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for SFTP, @entity5 recurrence may occur after complete resection, even in @entity5 with benign histological features. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical and pathological features of SFTP that are associated with a higher risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. METHODS: From May 1995 to September 2002, 18 @entity1 (10 female, 8 male; mean age 58 years) with SFTP underwent complete surgical treatment at our department. Mean follow-up was 61 months. Mean @entity5 size was 10 cm. The @entity5 were pedunculated in 10 @entity1 and sessile in 8. Histological features were benign in 16 @entity1 and malignant in 2. RESULTS: Five-year disease-free survival was 80%. A higher incidence of @entity5 recurrence was observed when SFTP originated from the parietal pleura, had malignant histological features and a lower expression of @entity1420 receptors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and pathological characteristics, such as malignant histology, sessile morphology, and a lower expression of @entity1420 receptors identify SFTP with a higher risk of recurrence after surgery, and which thus require strict follow-up.

title: XXXX of the pleura: Immunohistochemical analysis and evaluation of prognostic factors after surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors']


abstract: This study aimed to identify genes or gene products associated with high lean muscle mass in @entity291 that may serve as potential markers for selection. An animal with a genetic predisposition to high lean muscle mass, the Belgium Blue, was chosen as a model to compare with the Holstein Friesian, a model that does not. Two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analysis was utilized to compare the exhibited skeletal muscle proteome between the two animal types at two stages of foetal development. A previously uncharacterized polymorphism of a high expression myofibrillar protein, myosin light chain 1 fast ( @entity45395 ), was observed. The characterization of this polymorphism revealed a two @entity535 insertion in a part of the protein that has been implicated in modulating myosin S1 ATPase activity. Furthermore, this polymorphism was shown to be the product of two alleles that are codominant. Screening studies were carried out on selected herds and showed a very high frequency of one allele. Both isoforms of @entity45395 were produced by recombinant means and purified. The recombinant proteins were exchanged into purified myosin hexamers that were then subject to assays measuring @entity855 consumption. The sensitivity of the assay utilized could not reveal any significant difference in ATPase activity between hexamers containing one or the other isoform.

title: Identification and characterization of a XXXX myosin light chain-1 fast polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: New techniques of sural nerve photography and @entity941 angiography which are able to provide an index of nerve blood flow have been developed. Under local anaesthetic, 3 cm of sural nerve was exposed at the ankle using an operating microscope. Without disturbing the epineurium, vessels were identified and photographed at a standard magnification (x 30). These were independently graded by an ophthalmologist not otherwise involved with the study. @entity941 angiography was then carried out on the exposed nerve. The @entity941 appearance time and intensity of fluorescence were quantified, using computer analysis of digitised images. Thirteen subjects with chronic @entity1897 , five non-neuropathic @entity6 and nine normal control subjects were studied. The mean epineurial vessel pathology score of the neuropathic group was significantly higher than the combined normal control and non-neuropathic @entity6 groups (p < 0.01). Direct epineurial arteriovenous shunting was observed in six neuropathic and one non-neuropathic @entity6 @entity1 and not in any of the normal control subjects. The nerve @entity941 appearance time was significantly delayed in subjects with chronic @entity1897 (51.5 +/- 12 s) compared to both normal (34.7 +/- 9 s, p < 0.01) and non-neuropathic @entity6 subjects (33.4 +/- 11 s, p < 0.025). The mean intensity of fluorescence at 96, 252 and 576 s, was significantly lower in subjects with chronic @entity1897 compared with both of the other groups (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impaired blood flow and arterio-venous shunting in @entity1 diabetic neuropathy: a novel technique of nerve photography and XXXX angiography.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['sensory motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: Subparalyzing doses of @entity2899 ( @entity9856 ) given before @entity2900 decrease the duration of @entity4094 . In animal preparations, they also abolish @entity2900 -induced twitch augmentation, defined as a greater-than-maximal contraction in response to a single stimulus. To determine quantitatively the effect of @entity9856 on @entity2900 potency and on twitch augmentation in @entity1 , 60 adult @entity1 , ASA physical status I or II, were assigned randomly to receive either 0.05 mg/kg of @entity9856 or saline 2 min before induction of anesthesia with @entity3575 and thiopental. Train-of-four stimulation was applied every 12 s to the ulnar nerve and the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle was measured. One minute after induction of anesthesia, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.35, or 0.50 mg/kg of @entity2900 was given. The height of the first twitch (T1) reached 121% +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM) of control without @entity9856 , and was virtually abolished by @entity9856 pretreatment (105% +/- 1%, P less than 0.01). Twitch augmentation was more noticeable with lower doses of @entity2900 , and was not observed in the response to the fourth stimulus of the train of four (T4). The potency of @entity2900 was decreased by approximately one-half in the @entity9856 -pretreated groups. The ED50 was 0.27 +/- 0.04 mg/kg without @entity9856 and 0.50 +/- 0.06 mg/kg with @entity9856 (P less than 0.002). The corresponding values for ED90 were 0.51 +/- 0.07 and 1.02 +/- 0.12 mg/kg, respectively (P less than 0.02). The ED95 values were 0.63 +/- 0.09 and 1.28 +/- 0.15 mg/kg, respectively (P less than 0.02). The slopes of the regression lines did not deviate significantly from parallelism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity2899 pretreatment on XXXX twitch augmentation and @entity4094 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the change of prognosis in @entity356 ( @entity356 ) @entity1 and the role of radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyze the outcome of 426 consecutive @entity1 from 1975 to 2002, divided into 2 time-periods (TP) cohort: Before 1990 ( @entity22154 , n = 207) and 1990 or after ( @entity26565 ; n= 219). Partial gastrectomy and D1-lymphadenectomy was predominant in @entity22154 and total gastrectomy with D2-lymphadenectomy it was in @entity26565 . Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), 10-20 mg/m2 i.v. 4 courses or @entity1139 plus Tegafur 500 mg/m2 for 6 months. RESULTS: Positive nodes were similar in @entity26565 / @entity22154 @entity1 with 56%/59% respectively. Total gastrectomy was done in 56%/45% of @entity26565 / @entity22154 respectively. Two-drug adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 65%/18% of @entity26565 / @entity22154 respectively. Survival at 5 years was 66% for @entity26565 versus 42% for @entity22154 @entity1 (p < 0.0001). Survival by stages II, IIIA and IIIB for @entity26565 versus @entity22154 @entity1 was 70 vs. 51% (p = 0.0132); 57 vs. 22% (p = 0.0008) and 30 vs. 15% (p = 0.2315) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, stage of disease and period of treatment were independent variables. CONCLUSION: The global prognosis and that of some stages have improved in recent years with case @entity356 @entity1 treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Time-related improvement of survival in resectable XXXX : the role of Japanese-style gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['resected gastric cancer', 'RGC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Two-thirds of @entity1 with @entity706 have rearrangement of @entity588 major breakpoint region (MBR) through t(14;18) (q32;q21). This rearrangement can serve as a sensitive marker for @entity706 cells. This study was undertaken to assess the molecular complete response rate of stages I-III @entity706 to @entity17461 ( @entity17461 ) by detection of PCR-amplifiable @entity588 MBR rearrangement in the bone marrow and peripheral blood before and after @entity17461 . Twenty @entity1 with stages I-III @entity706 were treated with @entity17461 . Twelve of them were part of a prospective randomization trial comparing @entity17461 with multi-agent chemotherapy. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the @entity1 before the initiation of treatment. By using the PCR technique, the DNA sequences from the bone marrow and peripheral blood samples that flank the @entity588 MBR involved in t(14;18) (q32;q21) were amplified. In PCR-positive @entity1 , bone marrow and blood samples were followed at regular intervals during and after @entity17461 . The results of the PCR amplification were correlated with clinical findings. All 20 @entity1 achieved clinical complete response after @entity17461 . Median follow-up was 22 months (range, 12-37 months), and no @entity1 has relapsed. Pretreatment PCR results were available in all @entity1 (19 @entity1 for peripheral blood samples and 16 @entity1 for bone marrow samples). Nine of 19 peripheral blood samples and 9 of 16 bone marrow samples were PCR-positive for @entity588 MBR rearrangement. Eight PCR-positive @entity1 converted to negative (8 of 9 blood samples and 2 of 3 bone marrow samples) 2-20 months from the first day of @entity17461 . Bone marrow and peripheral blood with PCR-amplifiable @entity588 MBR rearrangement can be converted from positive to negative after chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity706 . Early results from our study show for the first time that peripheral blood and bone marrow can be converted from positive to negative after @entity17461 . The prognostic significance of the observed conversions requires longer follow-up.

title: Serial determination of the @entity588 gene in the bone marrow and peripheral blood after XXXX for stages I-III @entity706 : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity17461 :: ('MESH:D044148', 'Disease') :: ['CLI', 'central lymphatic irradiation']

answer: @entity17461 :: (MESH:D044148,Disease) :: ['central lymphatic irradiation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Microvascular surgery has become the preferred method for mandibular reconstruction. A neck incision frequently is required for @entity5 resections to carry out the dissection. The authors suggest a rhytidectomy approach for mandibular reconstruction with microvascular free flaps after the resection of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with lateral mandibular defects resulting from resection of @entity5 were treated in the author's department. A combined rhytidectomy approach with an intraoral incision was used for mandibular resection and reconstruction of the defects using vascularized free osseous flaps. RESULTS: The study was comprised of 3 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 with a mean age of 37.57 years (range, 28 to 50 years). Follow-up ranged from 9 to 87 months after surgery (mean, 56.28 months). The iliac crest was used for reconstruction in 6 @entity1 , whereas the fibula was used in 1 @entity1 . Transient paresis of the marginal nerve was observed in 2 @entity1 . Flap loss occurred in 1 @entity1 and required repeat microvascular reconstructive surgery. Dental rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants was performed in 4 @entity1 . At the end of the follow-up period, successful mandibular reconstruction was achieved in all @entity1 . Functional outcome was regarded as excellent in all @entity1 , whereas esthetic outcome was judged excellent in 6 @entity1 and good in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A rhytidectomy approach combined with an intraoral incision for microvascular mandibular reconstruction after the resection of @entity5 is a feasible technique that provides good exposure of the anatomic structures, an inconspicuous @entity2318 , and adequate facial contour and symmetry. Excellent clinical results are reported with the use of this technique, which should be included in the surgical armamentarium for mandibular reconstruction.

title: Rhytidectomy approach for mandibular reconstruction with microvascular free flaps after resection of mandibular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign mandibular tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['facial scar']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 having pregnancies of unknown location ( @entity25390 ) can be defined as those having positive pregnancy test when no pregnancy is visualized on transvaginal ultrasound (TVS). AIM: To identify diagnostic parameters which are predictive of @entity5849 in @entity1 with early pregnancies of unknown location. METHODS: We undertook a prospective observational study of pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity14422 . Ninety-four @entity1 were classified as having a @entity25390 ( @entity25390 ) by transvaginal ultrasound; blood sample was taken on presentation to measure the serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (,-HCG) and @entity1420 levels. All collected data were tested by univariate analysis and then analyzed in a stepwise procedure to form a logistic model for predicting @entity5849 . RESULTS: A total of 2675 @entity1 were referred for suspected @entity14422 . In 94 (4%) @entity1 the location of the pregnancy was unknown. Three parameters were found to be statistically significant for predicting @entity5849 : @entity1420 level, @entity3556 associated with @entity158 and the presence of free fluid in the pouch of Douglas. The overall model described by these variables offer a sensitivity of 79 %and a specificity of 59% in the prediction of @entity5849 . CONCLUSION: Logistic regression model can help in the clinical decision-making in @entity1 with @entity25390 .

title: Prediction of @entity5849 in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity14422 :: ('MESH:D011248', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy complications']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy', 'ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity25390 :: ('MESH:D009382', 'Disease') :: ['PUL', 'pregnancy of unknown location']

answer: @entity25390 :: (MESH:D009382,Disease) :: ['pregnancy of unknown location']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circulating concentrations of biomarkers of @entity413 homeostasis, @entity1420 , and @entity38904 in healthy female Elkhounds differ during diestrus and anestrus and to compare those findings with data from @entity235 of other breeds. ANIMALS: 22 healthy female @entity235 of Elkhound breeds (known to have a high incidence of diestrus-associated @entity6 ) and 18 healthy female non-Elkhound @entity235 . PROCEDURES: For each @entity235 , a blood sample (12 mL) was collected once during anestrus and once 2 to 8 weeks after cessation of estrual @entity548 . Serum or whole blood samples were analyzed for @entity413 , @entity38904 , insulin-like growth factor-1, C-peptide, @entity9208 , and glycated hemoglobin A1c concentrations. Homeostasis model assessments (HOMAs) of pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion were calculated. RESULTS: In Elkhounds, C-peptide concentration and the HOMA for beta-cell function (markers of insulin secretion) were higher in samples obtained during diestrus, compared with findings in samples obtained during anestrus. The HOMA for insulin sensitivity was lower (albeit not significantly) during diestrus than it was during anestrus in Elkhounds. Markers of insulin secretion and sensitivity were similar during anestrus and diestrus in the @entity235 of other breeds. Serum @entity1420 concentrations were greater during diestrus than during anestrus in Elkhounds and non-Elkhound @entity235 . All other variables did not differ between diestrus and anestrus within or between the 2 breed groupings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results provided evidence that circulating insulin concentrations during diestrus are higher than those during anestrus in Elkhounds, which could contribute to development of diestrus-associated @entity6 .

title: Evaluation of circulating concentrations of @entity413 homeostasis biomarkers, XXXX , and @entity38904 in healthy Elkhounds during anestrus and diestrus.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Two hallmarks of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are dopaminergic cell loss and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies). Different point mutations in @entity8095 , the main constituent of Lewy bodies, have been identified in familial @entity191 . @entity8095 also constitutes one of the main components of Lewy bodies in sporadic cases of @entity191 . Moreover, oxidant stress and generation of free radicals from both @entity2383 and @entity935 metabolism are considered to play critical roles in @entity191 etiopathogenesis. @entity2493 , a known potent antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, may protect against the effect of several Parkinsonogenic compounds that are associated with progressive impairment of mitochondrial function and increased oxidative damage. However, the neuroprotective effect of @entity2493 has never been tested in the newly available genetic models of @entity191 based on the viral expression of mutated @entity8095 . Lentiviral vectors encoding @entity20097 mutant @entity1 @entity8095 (lenti- @entity20097 ) were stereotactically injected into the right substantia nigra of adult male @entity35 and neuroprotection was examined by administration of @entity2493 or vehicle from two days before nigral administration of lenti- @entity20097 until eight weeks after injection. It was found that lenti- @entity20097 induced a significant TH    cell-loss both in the medial and lateral substantia nigra versus the contrallateral side injected with lenti-eGFP. However, @entity2493 administration showed a total neuroprotective effect in both regions of the substantia nigra. In conclusion, the data here show that @entity2493 is neuroprotective against mutant @entity8095 -induced @entity130 .

title: @entity2493 prevents dopaminergic cell loss induced by lentiviral vectors expressing @entity20097 mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8095 :: ('6622', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-synuclein', 'alpha-synuclein']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity20097 :: ('p|SUB|A|30|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A30P']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the substantia nigra']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial impairment']

answer: @entity8095 :: (6622,Gene) :: ['alpha-synuclein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Demographic, endoscopic, and histological features of @entity355 at initial diagnosis were examined for their ability to predict complete endoscopic and histological regression of Barrett's during long-term follow-up. METHODS: Barrett's @entity1 who have been followed up for a minimum of 2 yr and who have had at least two follow-up surveillance examinations were included in the analysis. Complete regression of Barrett's was defined as total disappearance of all tongues and patches of Barrett's epithelium at endoscopy (confirmed with @entity20046 ) in conjunction with only squamous epithelium on biopsy. Chi2 and stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed on the following clinical, endoscopic, and histological variables with regards to their ability to predict complete Barrett's regression: @entity1 age in years (<65 or > or =65), length in cm of Barrett's (< or =2, >2<6, and > or =6), presence of a @entity357 (yes or no), presence of @entity1141 at diagnosis (yes or no), and type of long-term medical treatment ( @entity112 antagonists, proton pump inhibitor [PPI], or PPI and @entity4392 ). RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 , all @entity1 with a mean age +/- SD in years of 61.6+/-13.1 have been followed prospectively for 24-106 months (mean +/- SD, 48.0+/-19.8). Seven @entity1 have had complete regression of Barrett's. Univariate analysis showed that complete regression of Barrett's was associated only with absence of a @entity357 (p = 0.012). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that complete regression was significantly and independently associated again only with absence of a @entity357 (p = 0.025). Stepwise logistic regression analysis utilizing only @entity357 (yes vs no) and length of Barrett's (<6 cm vs > or =6 cm) as variables revealed that absence of a @entity357 (p = 0.0447) and shorter lengths (<6 cm) of Barrett's (p = 0.0418) were significantly and independently predictive of complete Barrett's regression. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of a @entity357 was noted to be the most important factor associated with Barrett's regression. Complete regression of @entity355 occurs in a minority of @entity1 , primarily in those with no @entity357 and shorter lengths of Barrett's epithelium.

title: Prospective multivariate analysis of factors predictive of complete regression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity20046 :: ('MESH:C010389', 'Chemical') :: ["Lugol's iodine"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Analysis and knowledge of individual strain susceptibility of experimental animals to induction of @entity105 is important especially in regard to possibility of transfer of these facts to @entity1 pathology, first of all to chemopreventive projects. Our group (AHLERS et al. [1]) reported very low sensitivity of female @entity35 :Han @entity35 to induction of mammary @entity105 by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) and by @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). The aim of this paper was to increase the sensitivity of females of this strain to mammary @entity105 induction by repeated administration of @entity7045 in a dose 50 mg/kg of b.w. in critical periods: on 3-4 postnatal days, on 21 day (critical period for development of ductal parts of mammary gland) and between 50-55 days (maximal proliferation of whole gland). In comparison with 38% incidence of @entity5 after the single dose and 65% incidence after 3 subsequent doses between 50-60 days, the combination of administration (only) on 21 day and between 50-55 postanatal days resulted in 88% incidence the sensitivity of animals reached the level of highly susceptible @entity35 strains. The latency period was significantly increased in groups with @entity7045 given on 3-4, 21 days and between 45-55 days respectively, on 21 day and between 45-55 days in comparison with control group (one dose of @entity7045 ). The @entity5 frequency per group and per animal in all groups with repeated @entity7045 administration was significantly higher than that of control group. The volume of @entity5 was not influenced either by repeated carcinogen application or by time of its administration. These results expand the possibilities of analysis of carcinogen effects in individual periods of @entity35 postnatal development.

title: Repeated administration of carcinogen in critical developmental periods increases susceptibility of female @entity35 : han XXXX to mammary @entity105 induction.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent epidemiological studies indicate that there is reduced risk of all digestive @entity189 in @entity1 who regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as @entity117 . Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a target enzyme for NSAIDs. We investigated the role of two isoforms, @entity9859 and @entity2247 , in the development and @entity3 of @entity356 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity356 tissue specimens and accompanying adjacent mucosa specimens were obtained from surgical resections. @entity9859 and @entity2247 protein expression were evaluated using Western blotting analysis, and their relative band densities were semi quantified using standard densitometry scanning techniques. RESULTS: Compared with paired noncancerous specimens, @entity2247 was overexpressed in 10 of 15 @entity189 tissue specimens (66.7%). Overall, @entity2247 levels in @entity189 tissue were significantly higher. Two @entity189 ( @entity5932 ) and three of 13 advanced @entity189 (extended below the submucosa into the muscular wall) had weak or similar @entity2247 expression in paired tissue specimens. @entity2247 overexpression in @entity5 significantly correlated with @entity5 invasion into the lymphatic vessels in the gastric wall and @entity3 to the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the stage grouping in the TNM classification significantly correlated with @entity2247 overexpression. In contrast, @entity2247 overexpression did not correlate with histopathological grading, surface size, and @entity3 . @entity9859 levels were similar between paired tissues. CONCLUSION: @entity2247 overexpression might enhance lymphatic invasion and @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity356 , implicating a poor prognosis. Therefore, the use of @entity2247 -specific inhibitor to suppress lymphatic @entity3 in @entity1 should be investigated.

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression enhances lymphatic invasion and @entity3 in XXXX @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['confined to the mucosa and submucosa']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['early carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'venous vessel invasion of the tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity299 and @entity519 induce massive @entity1063 (NE) release, which is mediated by a reverse operation of uptake-1 and can be suppressed by uptake-1 inhibitors. We studied effects of uptake-1 inhibitors on incidence of @entity2224 (VF%) and @entity296 in perfused @entity35 hearts under @entity63 or anoxic conditions. NE release occurred in hearts during @entity63 or @entity519 and was largely inhibited by @entity5829 , @entity2645 , and @entity2072 . The generation of @entity671 (InsP3) during reperfusion also was abolished by @entity5829 . During @entity519 /reoxygenation, VF (93 and 71%, respectively) and @entity296 occurred and were significantly inhibited by @entity5829 and by NE depletion. Regional @entity63 and reperfusion induced high VF% (86 and 100%, respectively), which was reduced or abolished by @entity5829 and @entity2645 at 0.03 and 0.3 microM. During the @entity63 phase, @entity2072 was similarly antiarrhythmic, as was a combination of @entity6839 and @entity3159 , but NE depletion was not. In NE-depleted hearts, @entity2072 or the combination of @entity6839 and @entity3159 showed limited effect on VF%, whereas both @entity5829 and @entity2645 abolished VF. In anesthetized @entity35 in vivo, @entity63 VF% was reduced by @entity5829 (30 vs. 92%; p < 0.01). In conclusion, uptake-1 inhibitors protect hearts against @entity63 /reperfusion- and @entity519 /reoxygenation-induced @entity943 , partly because of the inhibition of locally mediated NE release. Other actions of @entity5829 and @entity2645 may contribute to the overall efficacy.

title: Protection of neuronal uptake-1 inhibitors in @entity63 and anoxic hearts by XXXX -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contracture']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Low voltage-activated (T-type) @entity141 channels are responsible for generating low-threshold spikes (LTS) that facilitate burst @entity8327 and transmitter release in neurons. The T-type @entity141 channels contain a regulatory alpha1 subunit, and several isoforms of the @entity7106 , 3.2, 3.3) have been cloned. The @entity3895 3.1 alpha1 subunit is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus. Previously, we found that @entity53 (E2) increased the number of arcuate neurons expressing LTS. Therefore, we used an ovariectomized female @entity840 model to measure the distribution and regulation of Cav3.1 mRNA expression by E2. @entity840 Cav3.1 alpha1 subunit sequences, which were cloned by PCR, were used in ribonuclease protection (RPA) and in situ hybridization assays to evaluate mRNA expression. Based on a RPA, E2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of Cav3.1 alpha1 subunit in the mediobasal hypothalamus and the pituitary. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that E2 significantly increased @entity3895 3.1 mRNA expression in medial preoptic nuclei, bed nuclei stria terminalis, and the arcuate nucleus. Whole-cell patch recordings in arcuate neurons revealed that E2 treatment significantly increased the peak T-type @entity141 current density by twofold without affecting the activation/inactivation characteristics and augmented the rebound excitation by threefold to fourfold. These results suggest that @entity172 regulates the mRNA expression of T-type @entity460 channels, which leads to increased functional expression of the channel. Increased expression of T-type channels could be one mechanism by which @entity172 augments burst @entity8327 and transmitter release in hypothalamic neurons.

title: XXXX upregulates T-type @entity460 channels in the hypothalamus and pituitary.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Molecular imaging has mainly been studied for detection of lesions using diagnostic probes. The aim of the current trial was to evaluate in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with cetuximab, an antibody targeting the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), for detection and moreover early prediction of response to molecular chemotherapy in models of @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Xenografts with cetuximab-sensitive (HT29) and cetuximab-resistant (SW620) @entity1 @entity14 cell lines were induced in 44 @entity19 . CLE was performed 48 h after injection of a fluorescently labelled cetuximab test dose, and compared with isotype antibody or untreated controls on d0, and d30 (HT29) or d15 (SW620). Initial fluorescence intensity was examined in relation to clinical readouts ( @entity5 growth, thriving, mortality) during cetuximab treatment vs. controls. Results were validated in vivo with wide-field molecular imaging in three HT29 @entity19 and ex vivo using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All HT29 xenografts showed specific fluorescence in vivo after cetuximab injection on d0 and d30. Fluorescence at d0 was significantly stronger in cetuximab-treated HT29 @entity5 than in HT29 controls (P = 0.0017) or cetuximab-treated SW620 @entity5 (P = 0.0027), and accorded with significantly slower @entity5 progression (P = 0.0009), better overall survival (P = 0.02), and better physical condition (P < 0.0001). Cetuximab sensitivity could be predicted from fluorescence intensity at d0 with high positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular CLE was for the first time linked to early prediction of response to targeted therapy in models of @entity1 @entity14 . Therapeutic antibodies can be used as molecular beacons in CLE and wide-field techniques. These results may indicate a promising principle for early @entity1 stratification.

title: In vivo molecular imaging with cetuximab, an anti- @entity470 antibody, for prediction of response in xenograft models of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of @entity203 ( @entity203 ) induced by @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) and some immunity indexes in workers occupationally exposed to @entity4966 . METHODS: The blood samples from 8 cases with medicamentosa-like @entity1909 in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks after admitting to hospital were examined for liver function, immunoglobulin and some complement indexes. Thirty nine workers occupationally exposed to @entity4966 were investigated for urinary @entity4966 and some immuno-complement indexes. The @entity4966 concentrations of air in workplaces were monitored. RESULTS: C3d-CIC and C3 of @entity1 before admission were (92.86    44.80) mg/L and 0.91    0.19 mg/L, respectively. C3d-CIC and C3 of @entity1 before discharge were (52.41    17.75) mg/L and (1.14    0.22) mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences between admission and discharge (P < 0.05). The average @entity4966 concentration in 4 workplaces was (351.96    36.72) mg/m(3), which was higher than the occupational exposure limits (OELs). The number of workers exposed to the @entity4966 concentration-time weighted and @entity2974 in urine over OELs were 28.21% and 56.41% of total subjects, respectively. The serum IgG and CIC levels of @entity1 before discharge were (10.03    1.21) mg/L and 103.50    29.17 mU/L, which were significantly lower than those (17.21    1.85) mg/L and (227.46    111.67) mU/L of @entity1 before admission (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity56 may be associated with @entity203 and the organ injure induced by @entity4966 .

title: [Studying the changes of the related serum complement immune indexes in @entity1 with @entity203 induced by XXXX and workers occupationally exposed to @entity4965 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['OMDT', 'occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type II and III hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional open suprarenal retrocrural lymphadenectomy is done via a thoraco-abdominal approach including partial rib resection. We developed a less invasive technique. METHODS: Through a laparoscopic transperitoneal approach the left paracolic peritoneum and the left phrenicocolic ligament are transected. The @entity8 with adrenal, tail of the pancreas, and spleen are mobilized and retracted medially. The suprarenal aorta with superior mesenteric artery and coeliac trunk are exposed. The crus of the diaphragm and the @entity7244 are transected. This allows lymphadenectomy from the level of the left renal vessels to the crus of the diaphragm. RESULTS: In October 1997 three @entity1 with @entity5 stage IIIB underwent laparoscopic suprarenal retrocrural lymphadenectomy. A mean of 10 lymph nodes was removed (range 8-12). Duration of operation was on average 218 min (range 196-258 min). Intraoperative @entity190 was estimated between 100 and 400 ml and hospital stay was 4 days on average. There were no intra- or @entity260 . CONCLUSION: This laparoscopic technique may prove useful for staging and treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Left-sided suprarenal retrocrural para-aortic lymphadenectomy in advanced XXXX by laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['colonic flexure, left kidney']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'advanced gynecologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['right inferior phrenic artery']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Concerns about genetically modified (GM) crops include transgene flow to compatible wild species and unintended ecological consequences of potential transgene introgression. However, there has been little empirical documentation of establishment and distribution of transgenic plants in wild populations. We present herein the first evidence for escape of transgenes into wild plant populations within the USA; @entity4252 -resistant creeping bentgrass ( @entity39698 .) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS transgenes were found outside of cultivation area in central Oregon. Resident populations of three compatible Agrostis species were sampled in nonagronomic habitats outside the Oregon Department of Agriculture control area designated for test production of @entity4252 -resistant creeping bentgrass. CP4 EPSPS protein and the corresponding transgene were found in nine A. stolonifera plants screened from 20,400 samples (0.04 +/- 0.01% SE). CP4 EPSPS-positive plants were located predominantly in mesic habitats downwind and up to 3.8 km beyond the control area perimeter; two plants were found within the USDA Crooked River National Grassland. Spatial distribution and parentage of transgenic plants (as confirmed by analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast @entity46989 gene trees) suggest that establishment resulted from both pollen-mediated intraspecific hybridizations and from crop seed dispersal. These results demonstrate that transgene flow from short-term production can result in establishment of transgenic plants at multi-kilometre distances from GM source fields or plants. Selective pressure from direct application or drift of @entity4252 herbicide could enhance introgression of CP4 EPSPS transgenes and additional establishment. Obligatory outcrossing and vegetative spread could further contribute to persistence of CP4 EPSPS transgenes in wild Agrostis populations, both in the presence or absence of herbicide selection.

title: Establishment of transgenic herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass ( XXXX .) in nonagronomic habitats.

entities_list: @entity4252 :: ('CHEBI:27744', 'Chemical') :: ['glyphosate']

entities_list: @entity39698 :: ('63632', 'Species') :: ['Agrostis stolonifera L']

answer: @entity39698 :: (63632,Species) :: ['Agrostis stolonifera L']


abstract: @entity4724 ( @entity4724 ) is the second in occurrence of the parotid gland's @entity5 . In most cases (80%) it is observed as an @entity5 , smoking males aged from 50 to 60 are mainly affected. The authors present an interesting case of simultaneously occurring bilateral @entity4724 growing in parotid gland. A 59-year-old male @entity1 , smoker was admitted to E.N.T. Dept. with a @entity5 . He underwent surgical treatment: superficial parotidectomy on the left side and right side @entity5 exterpation at the same time. After the operation we got the confirmation of the preoperation diagnosis. The @entity1 was discharged home and stayed on the follow-up. Smoking @entity1 with diagnosed unilateral @entity4724 should be followed up because of the possibility of the neoplasmatic recurrence.

title: [ XXXX ( @entity4724 ) located bilaterally].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'unilateral tumor', 'benign neoplasms', 'bilateral tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ['Adenolymphoma', 'adenolymphoma', "Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Adenolymphoma']


abstract: @entity7893 is a common complication of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), but the significance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency is unknown. We analyzed the prevalence of immunoglobulins G, A and M, IgG subclass @entity281 in 150 @entity1 with @entity1072 . Low IgG, IgA and IgM levels were observed in 27.3%, 30.7% and 56.7% of patients, respectively. @entity2015 was frequent, with reduced IgG1, IgG2, @entity3172 and IgG4 in 28%, 19.3%, 52% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. @entity2015 (total 64.6%) and @entity7893 (27.3%) were more prevalent than clinically significant @entity281 (16%). Recurrent or significant @entity281 were seen in 24 @entity1 (16%), of whom 50% had @entity7893 but 100% had at least one @entity2015 , indicating that half the @entity1 with @entity281 had @entity2015 but normal total IgG level. Deficiencies of @entity3172 and IgG4 were statistically associated with @entity281 risk. Normal immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels were seen in 26 @entity1 (17%) and none had @entity281 . @entity2015 is commonly observed in @entity1 with @entity1072 with both normal and reduced total IgG levels, and is associated with @entity281 . Screening @entity1 with @entity1072 for @entity2015 may be a useful adjunct in stratifying their @entity281 risk.

title: @entity2015 and infection risk in 150 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and infection', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia', 'hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['IgG subclass deficiency']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']