abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of first contact emergency departments and ambulances on transport duration, @entity158 time, door-to-balloon time and first contact-to-balloon time in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 . METHODS: The study was a prospective and observational investigation. A total of 374 @entity583 @entity1 initially admitted to primary coronary intervention (PCI) incapable centers were included in this study. @entity1 were classified according to initial presentation site (daily clinic, public hospital or private hospital) and transport manner (public or private ambulance). All groups were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests statistically according to their characteristics, transport duration and @entity158 time. RESULTS: A majority of the @entity1 were initially admitted to public (40.1%) or private hospitals (47.1%). The average door-to-balloon time was 45.0    18.5 min and the mean @entity158 time was 310.6    160.8 min. Nearly half of the @entity1 initially admitted to daily clinics were first transported to PCI-incapable centers, leading to delayed admission to PCI-capable centers and increased @entity158 and first contact-to-balloon times (361.7    194.5 min, p=0.01 and 279.7  158.2 min, p<0.001). @entity1 admitted to private hospitals experienced shorter average @entity158 and first contact-to-balloon times (277.5    148.6 min, p=0.01 and 157.4    83.1 min, p<0.001). @entity1 transported by private ambulances also experienced shorter waiting times and shorter @entity158 times (107.4    70.4 and 270.1    150.4 min, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Physicians and healthcare professionals in first contact emergency departments and ambulance type appear to be factors in the increased @entity158 time. @entity583 @entity1 are often initially admitted to PCI-incapable centers, leading to delayed admission to PCI-capable centers and increased @entity158 time.

title: Impact of emergency services and ambulance type on @entity158 time in the XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-to-balloon']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of the American Urological Association guidelines, we investigated 14-year outcomes of @entity1 aged > or = 50 years who had @entity811 detected in a @entity150 ( @entity150 ) screening trial, were thoroughly evaluated, and were not found to have @entity5 . The American Urological Association guidelines for follow-up of adults with asymptomatic microhematuria (MH) who have negative evaluations include repeat urinary cytologies, urinalyses, and office visits for several years, primarily to detect @entity150 (Cohen and Brown, N Engl J Med 348: 2330-2338, 2003; and Grossfeld et al, Urology 57:604-610, 2001). METHODS: Of 1575 screening @entity1 , 258 had MH detected by daily home testing with the Ames hemastix during two 14-day periods. This test has been shown to accurately reflect MH on microscopic urinalysis when each is correctly performed. Any @entity1 with at least 1 positive test (> or = "trace") underwent a complete evaluation including microscopic urinalysis, culture, cytology, complete blood count, serum @entity1011 , coagulation profile, intravenous urography or computed tomography scan, and cystoscopy. @entity150 or other @entity5 was not detected in 234 @entity1 . Using Wisconsin state tumor registry and @entity204 certificate data, the outcomes of these @entity1 were tracked for 14 years since their last testing. RESULTS: Two of the 234 @entity1 (0.85%) developed @entity150 during the 14-year follow-up, at 6.7 and 11.4 years after their negative evaluations; one died of @entity150 7.6 years after his last screening. During this follow-up, 0.93% of the screenees who tested negatively for @entity811 had @entity150 diagnosed, none within a year of their last testing date. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have negative complete evaluations for asymptomatic MH have little chance of subsequently developing @entity150 . The recommended "appropriate" follow-up for these @entity1 may require reconsideration in light of these data.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX with a negative work-up for asymptomatic microhematuria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urological cancers', 'urological tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several studies have shown the benefit of withdrawal therapy when @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is suspected. Our aim was to compare the effect of withdrawal therapy in @entity1 followed by a neurologist (group A, n = 42) and a primary care physician ( @entity212 ) (group B, n = 38). @entity1 were randomized to A or B, and follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Calculated @entity10 ( @entity8176 at 6 months + @entity8176 at 12 months)/2 (primary end-point) was similar; A 1.04 (0.87, 1.21) and B 1.02 (0.82, 1.21) (P = 0.87). The number of @entity1 with 50% improvement of @entity10 days was also similar; 14/42 in group A vs. 12/34 in B (P = 0.86) at 3 months, 15/42 vs. 11/33 (P = 0.83) at 6 months and 15/42 vs. 14/38 (P = 0.92) at 12 months. Days without @entity10 during the last 9 months of follow-up were 123 (96, 150) in group A and 137 (112, 161) in B (P = 0.62). After 3 months one-third were classified as @entity10 . @entity1 with @entity10 improved similarly in group A and B, and so did @entity1 without @entity10 . Within 1 year 7/42 in A and 9/38 in B had recurrent medication overuse (P = 0.43). In summary, there were no significant differences in follow-up results between the two groups.

title: Chronic daily headache with medication overuse: a randomized follow-up by neurologist or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['medication overuse headache', 'MOH', 'headache', 'mean headache']

answer: @entity212 :: (CHEBI:8058,Chemical) :: ['PCP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity699 ( @entity699 ) due to an @entity700 (the autonomous hypersecretion of a small amount of @entity701 , which is not enough to cause clinically-evident disease) who underwent surgery or were managed conservatively. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The most appropriate management of @entity699 @entity1 is controversial, either adrenalectomy or close follow-up being recommended for their treatment. METHODS: Over a 15-year period, 45 @entity699 @entity1 were randomly selected to undergo surgery (n = 23) or conservative management (n = 22). All surgical procedures were laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed by the same surgeon. All @entity1 were followed up (mean, 7.7 years; range, 2-17 years) clinically by 2 experienced endocrinologists 6 and 12 months after surgery and then yearly, or yearly after joining the trial, particularly monitoring @entity6 ( @entity6 ), arterial @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity28 , and @entity170 . The study end point was the clinical outcome of @entity699 @entity1 who underwent adrenalectomy versus those managed conservatively. RESULTS: All 23 @entity1 in the surgical arm had elective surgery. Another 3 @entity1 randomly assigned to conservative management crossed over to the surgical group due to an increasing adrenal mass >3.5 cm. In the surgical group, @entity6 normalized or improved in 62.5% of @entity1 (5 of 8), @entity101 in 67% (12 of 18), @entity407 in 37.5% (3 of 8), and @entity28 in 50% (3 of 6). No changes in bone parameters were seen after surgery in @entity699 @entity1 with @entity170 . On the other hand, some worsening of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity407 was noted in conservatively-managed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed by skilled surgeons appears more beneficial than conservative management for @entity699 @entity1 complying with our selection criteria. This trial is registered with Australian Clinical Trials Registry number, ANZCTR12608000567325.

title: Surgical versus conservative management for XXXX in @entity700 : a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['SCS', 'subclinical Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['subclinical Cushing syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether long-term, low-level @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) gas is a cause of health effects, including @entity565 , is uncertain. Rotorua city, New Zealand, has the largest population exposed, from geothermal sources, to relatively high ambient levels of @entity3958 . In a cross-sectional study, the authors investigated associations with @entity565 in this population. METHODS: A total of 1637 adults, aged 18-65 years, were enrolled during 2008-2010. Residences and workplaces were geocoded. @entity3958 exposures at homes and workplaces were estimated using city-wide networks of passive @entity3958 samplers and kriging to create exposure surfaces. Exposure metrics were based on (1) time-weighted exposures at home and work; and (2) the maximum exposure (home or work). Exposure estimates were entered as quartiles into regression models, with covariate data. RESULTS: Neither exposure metric showed evidence of increased @entity565 risk from @entity3958 . However, some suggestion of exposure-related reduced risks for diagnosed @entity565 and @entity565 symptoms, particularly wheezing during the last 12 months, emerged. With the maximum exposure metric, the prevalence ratio for wheeze in the highest exposure quartile was 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) and, for current @entity565 treatment, 0.75 (0.52, 1.08). There was no evidence that this was caused by a "survivor effect". CONCLUSIONS: The study provided no evidence that @entity565 risk increases with @entity3958 exposure. Suggestions of a reduced risk in the higher exposure areas are consistent with recent evidence that @entity3958 has signaling functions in the body, including induction of smooth muscle relaxation and @entity32 . Study limitations, including possible confounding, preclude definitive conclusions.

title: Associations of ambient XXXX exposure with self-reported @entity565 and @entity565 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of inflammation']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: It could be conjectured that the @entity74 are involved in development of the @entity741 . But this fact was so far insufficiently cleared up. The present studies were carried out in @entity1 with various forms of @entity741 . We investigated the most significant @entity74 in the microcirculation, the erythrocyte aggregability, with a technique that provided us with the direct and quantitative data. Simultaneously we investigated in the same @entity1 the tone of the resistance arteries of the hand with an original non-invasive technique. We found that the erythrocyte aggregability increased almost twice in the blood of investigated @entity1 as compared to the healthy control group. The aggregability was positively correlated with severity of the disease. The most pronounced @entity74 were found in the @entity1 with the @entity712 . As to the arteriolar resistance index, it was increased only in 45 percent of all the investigated @entity1 and no significant difference between the @entity1 with the @entity712 and without it was found available. We concluded that the @entity3459 represent themselves a factor that plays a significant role in pathogenesis of development of the @entity299 .

title: @entity74 and arteriolar resistance during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood rheological disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemorheological disorders', 'factor of rheological disorders']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the salivary levels of @entity623 ( @entity623 ) and @entity4972 ( @entity4972 ) activities in @entity1 with @entity2520 and to evaluate the use of these enzymes as biochemical markers for periodontal tissue damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective analytical study, we examined the activities of salivary @entity623 and @entity4972 in @entity1 with @entity2520 , before and after periodontal treatment. The experimental groups consisted of 20 @entity2522 @entity1 and 20 @entity2521 @entity1 and the control group had healthy subjects (20 samples). The stimulated saliva of the @entity1 was collected in a sterile test tube and analyzed using Hitachi's Diagnostic Automatic Analyser. @entity2520 was determined based on clinical parameters such as gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. @entity1 with @entity2520 were under conventional periodontal treatment. The statistical analysis applied was Student's t-test. Probabilities less than 0.05 (P < 0.05) were considered significant. RESULTS: The obtained results showed statistically significant increased activities of @entity623 and @entity4972 in saliva from @entity1 with @entity2520 in relation to control group. A significant reduction in the enzyme levels was seen after conventional periodontal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, salivary @entity623 and @entity4972 can be considered to be the biomarkers for evaluating periodontal tissue damage.

title: Evaluating the levels of salivary alkaline and XXXX activities as biochemical markers for @entity2520 : A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'Periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity4972 :: ('MESH:C562645', 'Disease') :: ['acid phosphatase', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity4972 :: (MESH:C562645,Disease) :: ['acid phosphatase']


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasmacytoid @entity189 is a rare variant histology with poorly defined clinical behavior. We report clinical outcome information on @entity1 with predominant plasmacytoid @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed treatments and outcomes in @entity1 with predominant plasmacytoid @entity189 seen at our institution from 1990 through 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall and progression-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 31 @entity1 with a median age of 63.5 years, of whom 83.3% were male. TNM stage was cT1N0 in 4 @entity1 , cT2N0 in 7, cT3b-4aN0 in 5 and cT4b, N+ or M+ in 15. Median overall survival was 17.7 months (stage I-III vs IV 45.8 vs 13.3). Five of the 16 @entity1 with potentially surgically resectable plasmacytoid @entity189 (pT4aN0M0 or less) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 10 underwent initial surgery and 1 was treated only with transurethral resection of @entity150 . Despite pathological down staging in 80% of the @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, relapses were common. There was no survival difference between @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or initial surgery, although 7 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical up staging with positive margins was also common for surgery alone. The most common site of recurrence was in the peritoneum (19 of 23 @entity1 ) with relapses even in those with a pathological complete response at surgery. In @entity1 who presented with @entity3 and were treated with chemotherapy median survival was 12.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmacytoid @entity189 is an aggressive subset with overall poor outcomes. Although down staging is seen with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there are few long-term survivors. There is a strong predilection for recurrence along the peritoneal lining.

title: Plasmacytoid XXXX , a chemosensitive cancer with poor prognosis, and peritoneal @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a @entity1 with @entity5902 who developed @entity1036 in absence of known risk factors. METHODS: A 17-year-old male suffering from @entity5902 presented with @entity281 . The @entity1 had been treated in the past with topical antihistaminics and vasoconstrictors. The @entity1 had not been exposed to topical @entity230 in 2 years of follow-up. He did not have @entity936 prior to the development of @entity281 . Corneal scrapings were obtained and subjected to KOH wet mount smear, calcofluor and Grams stain as well as bacterial culture sensitivity and fungal culture. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis of @entity1036 in association with @entity5902 was supported by microbiological investigations. KOH wet mount and calcofluor staining showed presence of filamentous septate hyphae while fungal culture showed growth of aspergillus fumigatus. Antifungal therapy was initiated in the form of topical @entity5896 5% suspension to which the @entity1 responded and recovered 6/6 final visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The authors wish to conclude that @entity1 suffering from @entity5902 , even in the absence of corneal involvement, @entity134 exposure and @entity130 , may be at increased risk of developing keratomycosis.

title: @entity1036 in non- XXXX exposed @entity5902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective keratitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye or corneal micro or macroerosions']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['vernal conjunctivitis', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cervical spine MRI with the neck in extension has been well described over the last 10 years, but its clinical value remains unknown. METHODS: We performed extension imaging in 60 @entity1 in whom the initial neutral study showed @entity1745 . Images were assessed using a previously validated grading system for @entity1745 . Multiple linear and area measurements were also obtained. Images were scored blindly and randomly. Inter- and intra-rater variability were determined in a subset of 20 cases. Independent clinical assessment utilised the Ranwat criteria. RESULTS: For most parameters inter/intra-observer variance of kappa/ICC   >   0.6 was highly satisfactory. Standard MR was poor at discriminating between @entity1 with and without @entity602 (ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC), 0.52). This was considerably improved with extension imaging (AUC, 0.60), or by using the change in compression score between neutral and extension studies. Most measurements were not helpful; however, the ratio of cord area/ @entity2841 area at the level of maximum compression on extended images was the best discriminator (AUC, 0.71), as well as the presence of T2 change in cord substance (AUC, 0.68). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate added clinical value utilising extension MRI. In this cohort of difficult @entity1 , when there was no T2 signal change in the cord, the presence of clinical @entity602 could only be predicted by utilising the data from extension imaging.

title: Extension MRI is clinically useful in cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['borderline cord compression', 'cord compression']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by @entity2497 or @entity2497 microti. Two serological methods, @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 @entity7858 and 175 @entity7857 in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. @entity378 due to @entity2499 (n = 44) or M. microti (n = 8) in 35 @entity7858 and 17 @entity7857 was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animals were from herds with no @entity378 history. The @entity1062 and the @entity14217 assay showed sensitivities of 71% and 74%, respectively, for @entity7858 , while the sensitivity for @entity7857 was 77% for both assays. The specificity of the DPP assay (98%) was higher than that of @entity1062 (94%) for @entity7857 ; the specificities of the two assays were identical (98%) for @entity7858 . When the two antibody tests were combined, the parallel-testing interpretation (applied when either assay produced a positive result) enhanced the sensitivities of antibody detection to 89% for @entity7858 and 88% for @entity7857 but at the cost of lower specificities (97% and 93%, respectively), whereas the serial-testing interpretation (applied when both assays produced a positive result) maximized the specificity to 100% for both SAC species, although the sensitivities were 57% for @entity7858 and 65% for @entity7857 . Over 95% of the animals with evidence of @entity378 failed to produce skin test reactions, thus confirming concerns about the validity of this method for testing SAC. The findings suggest that serological assays may offer a more accurate and practical alternative for antemortem detection of camelid @entity378 .

title: Diagnostic value of animal-side antibody assays for rapid detection of @entity2497 or XXXX microti infection in South American camelids.

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'rapid testing']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis', 'Mycobacterium']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated our early and late outcomes after pericardiectomy in @entity1 with @entity3822 ( @entity3822 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 31  @entity1 who underwent pericardiectomy for @entity3822 from 1997 to 2015. Their mean age was 49.2     18.5  years and 74.2   % of them were male. The vast majority had severe functional impairment (NYHA class III-IV) with a mean duration of symptoms of 14.2     10.1  months. RESULTS: Early mortality was 9.7   %: n  = 3; @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in  1, @entity1576 in  1, and @entity712 in  1. Preoperative systolic pulmonary artery pressure over 60  mmHg (p  = 0.038, odds ratio [OR]  = 0.12) and postoperative @entity998 (p  = 0.005, OR  = 13.5) were significant predictors of early mortality in univariate analysis. Mean follow-up time was 57.8     61.9  months (4-216  months). Late mortality was 6.8   % (2/28  @entity1 ) and the cause was @entity177 secondary to end-stage @entity712 . In Kaplan-Meier analyses, actuarial (including early mortality) and event-free survival rates were 83.9   and 51.1   % at 216  months, respectively. At the end of follow-up, the majority of @entity1 (23/26, 92.9   %) were in good functional status (NYHA class I-II). There were fewer @entity1 under diuretic therapy in the postoperative than in the preoperative period; however, the difference was not statistically significant (12/31 vs. 4/26, p  = 0.76). There was no significant difference between the preoperative and follow-up tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values (15.5     2.2 and 16.6     2.2  mm, respectively, p  = 0.088). @entity1002 was preserved in all @entity1 postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although early mortality after pericardiectomy remains high, the procedure provides significant improvement in functional status in the long term.

title: Results of pericardiectomy for XXXX : Single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular systolic function']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Statins have for long been considered to play a potential role in anticancer treatment based upon their ability to inhibit the mevalonate synthesis pathway. This randomised phase II trial compared the efficacy and safety of @entity8673 added to @entity1259 , @entity900 and @entity416 (ECC versus ECC+P) in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomised to receive up to six cycles of 3-weekly ECC with or without @entity8673 (40 mg, once daily from day 1 of the first cycle until day 21 of the last cycle). Primary end-point was progression-free rate at 6 months (PFR(6 months)). Secondary end-points were response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. For early termination in case of futility, a two-stage design was applied (P(0) = 50%; P(1) = 70%; a = 0.05; b = 0.10). RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled. PFR(6 months) was 6/14 @entity1 (42.8%) in the ECC+P arm, and 7/15 @entity1 (46.7%) in the control arm, and therefore the study was terminated after the first stage. In the ECC and ECC+P arm, RR was 7/15 (46.7%) and 5/15 (33.3%), median PFS was 5 and 6 months and median OS was 6 and 8 months, respectively. @entity137 data showed no significant differences, although there was a trend towards more gastrointestinal side-effects such as @entity294 and @entity3136 in the ECC+P arm. CONCLUSION: In this randomised phase II trial the addition of @entity8673 to ECC did not improve outcome in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . Therefore, further testing of this combination in a randomised phase III trial cannot be recommended.

title: The addition of @entity8673 to chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : a randomised phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q) involving bands 3q21 and/or 3q26 occur in 2-6% of @entity5 . Trilineage @entity2590 , especially in the megakaryocytic line, is a characteristic feature. @entity2008 and 7 are usually present. The response to treatment and prognosis are poor. @entity1 AND METHODS: The main clinical, cytologic (bone marrow aspirate and biopsy) and cytogenetic characteristics as well as the response to the treatment in 10 @entity1 with 3q abnormalities diagnosed in a single hospital in a period of 8 years are referred. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had @entity981 , being de novo in five of them. The median value of hemoglobin was 87 g/l (range: 51-148), white blood cells count 5.8 x 10(9)/l (1.2-47.1) and platelet count 34 x 10(9)/l (5-182). The morphological findings in the study of the bone marrow were: dyserythropoietic features (7 @entity1 ), @entity854 (5 @entity1 ) and small-sized megakaryocytes with hypolobulated nuclei (8 @entity1 ). @entity82 was observed in the 4 cases in which a bone marrow biopsy was performed. In addition to the 3q alteration, abnormalities of chromosomes 7 (4 @entity1 ), 5q (2 @entity1 ) and +8 (2 @entity1 ) were present. Four @entity1 received intensive chemotherapy and in two of them a complete remission was achieved, but relapse occurred at 3 and 5 months, respectively. All @entity1 have died, the median survival being 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: 3q abnormalities define a subtype of @entity5 with characteristic clinical and morphological features. The response to therapy and survival are poor.

title: [Changes in the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q) in XXXX . A study of 10 cases].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['dysgranulopoietic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Additional abnormalities of chromosomes 5']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant myeloid hemopathies']


abstract: Serum small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) concentrations were measured in @entity1 with angiographically defined @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and compared to concentrations in healthy subjects. Five hundred and seventy @entity1 with stable @entity453 were divided into @entity453 - and @entity453 + based on angiography. @entity1 in whom @entity850 was <50  % in diameter were classified as having a 'normal' angiogram ( @entity453 -), otherwise the @entity1 were allocated to the @entity453 + group. The @entity453 + group was further subcategorized into single-, double- and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Serum sd-LDL concentrations were significantly lower in controls compared with @entity453 + and @entity453 - @entity1 (P  <  0.001). Moreover, @entity453 + @entity1 had higher concentrations of sd-LDL than @entity453 - @entity1 (P  <  0.01). sd-LDL levels were not significantly associated with severity of @entity453 defined by the number of stenosed coronary arteries (P  =  0.245). All @entity1 were also categorized into subgroups with or without @entity209 . Subjects with @entity209 had higher levels of sd-LDL than subjects without @entity209 (P  <  0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that in @entity453 @entity1 , @entity1674 , total- @entity165 , body mass index, and waist circumferences were the most important determinants of serum sd-LDL concentrations. We found that sd-LDL levels were significantly higher in @entity1 presenting with symptoms of @entity453 . Moreover, @entity1 with significant @entity850 of their coronary arteries (>50  % @entity850 ) had higher levels of sd-LDL compared to @entity1 without significant lesions.

title: Serum small dense low-density lipoprotein concentrations are elevated in @entity1 with significant coronary artery stenosis and are related to features of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Type 2 @entity6 is one of the main causes of @entity1095 . The beneficial effects of exercise on @entity413 homeostasis include a marked stimulation of blood @entity413 utilization during and after its performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a program of 3 physical therapy modalities on blood circulation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with @entity3657 . SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with @entity3657 were randomly assigned to an exercise or placebo group. For 20 weeks, the exercise group underwent treatment comprising 3 exercises at proximal, medium, and distal segments of the lower limbs, and the placebo group received sham treatment with disconnected ultrasound equipment. @entity3657 was determined by evaluating the ankle/brachial index (ABI), Doppler flow velocity, blood parameters, cardiovascular risk score, and heart rate during exercise test. RESULTS: After 20 weeks of treatment, significant differences between groups were found in the following: right (P < .039) and left (P < .023) ABI; Doppler flow velocity (cm/s) in the right (P < .010) and left (P < .026) posterior tibial artery and in the right (P < .012) and left (P < .022) dorsalis pedis artery; and fibrinogen (P < .045), hemoglobin (P < .021), @entity165 (P < .012), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P < .031), and HbA1c (P < .034) values. There was no significant difference in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 values (P < .110) between the groups. CONCLUSION: A program of these physical therapy modalities improves ABI, Doppler flow velocity, and blood parameters in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: A program of 3 physical therapy modalities improves @entity3657 in diabetes type 2 XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'peripheral arterial disease', 'Leriche-Fontaine stage I or IIa peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) usually have upper body @entity28 phenotype, often accompanied by an increase in plasma free @entity1718 (FFA). Since the Venezuelan population has a high frequency of IR and @entity1144 , the purpose of this work was to determine FFA levels in 47 Venezuelan individuals, @entity1 and @entity1 , 24-58 years old, and analyze their relationship with @entity1144 and parameters of @entity1735 and lipid metabolism. Basal concentrations of TG, total @entity165 , LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured, and FFA, @entity413 and insulin, at basal state and at different times after a @entity413 load. Eighteen individuals presented insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.7) and 29 were non-insulin resistant (non-IR). Insulin resistant individuals (IR) had higher waist circumference, BMI and basal concentrations of FFA than the non-IR. No differences were observed in skin folds and other basal lipids studied. The increased FFA seemed to be related to the IR associated to BMI and not to @entity1144 , since the difference between IR and non-IR disappeared when they were matched for waist circumference. After a @entity413 load, FFA decreased in both groups, but remained significantly elevated in IR subjects. This effect disappeared after matching for BMI or waist circumference, inferring that it was independent of anthropometries. FFA were positively associated with HOMA-IR, @entity413 and TG levels; however, there was.no association with BMI or waist circumference. These findings, and the lack of elements to support the presence of hepatic IR, common to increased visceral lipolysis, might suggest that the IR present in the @entity28 individuals studied, might be due to an increase in subcutaneous fat.

title: Association of free @entity1718 with the insulin-resistant state but not with XXXX in individuals from Venezuela.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['central obesity']


abstract: By using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) and @entity319 , we have shown that @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cells with specific @entity2008 are dependent on @entity7 / @entity319 system. @entity3052 with t(8;21) is the most dependent subtype on @entity7 with both @entity6758 and @entity319 . t(15;17) @entity3052 cells depend on @entity7 with @entity6758 . @entity3052 cells with 11q23 abnormalities showed variable dependence on @entity7 . The growth of t(11;19) @entity3052 cells are most extensively inhibited by anti- @entity6758 antibody. Then, the growth of @entity1 , a t(8;21) cell line was suppressed by either anti- @entity6758 antibody (p=0.0022) or anti- @entity319 antibody (p=0.0029) in a dose-dependent manner. The growth of @entity1 , a t(15;17) cell line was more potently suppressed by anti- @entity6758 antibody (p=0.0111) than by anti- @entity319 antibody (p=0.0477). These results are quite concordant with the results of clinical samples with t(8;21) or t(15;17). In addition, anti- @entity319 monoclonal antibody significantly potentiated the growth inhibitory effect of @entity8779 for Kasumi-1. As for downstream signals, we have shown that @entity319 transduce growth and survival signals through phosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity8047 in @entity1778 cells (Kasumi-1). However, @entity6758 transduce growth and survival signals through pathways other than @entity8047 and @entity584 (NB4), although @entity584 phosphorylation may account for some of the @entity6758 signals (Kasumi-1). Finally, our data suggested that autocrine pathway of @entity7 and VEGFRs observed in @entity3052 cells with specific chromosomal translocations have contributed to leukemogenesis as activated signaling of receptor @entity669 kinase.

title: Growth inhibition of @entity3052 cells with specific @entity2008 by monoclonal antibodies to receptors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6758 :: ('2321', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 1', 'VEGFR1']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze MRI and computed tomographic (CT) findings from @entity703 associated with Xp11.2 translocations/ @entity19409 gene fusions (Xp11-RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board permission was obtained to review @entity1 medical records, and the requirement for informed consent was waved . The clinical and MRI/CT features of five cases with Xp11-RCC that were confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The image characteristics included the lesion location and size, contribution of cystic and solid components, intratumoral @entity39 or @entity548 , invasion of perinephric tissue and renal sinus, @entity3329 , major venous or arterial vascular invasion, pattern of the @entity5 growth, intratumor @entity730 and lipids, homogeneity of SI on T2-weighted images, attenuation and SI of the mass with respect to the normal renal cortex on precontrast and contrasted CT/MRI images, @entity5 SIs, @entity5 attenuations and @entity5 -to-cortex indices, homogeneity of enhancement on the contrasted images. RESULTS: The mean age was 32 years (range, 15-47 years). Most @entity1 (4/5) were @entity1 . All @entity5 showed a cortical location. The average @entity5 size was 9 cm (range, 4-18 cm). Four @entity5 comprised a predominantly solid lesion with focal @entity39 , and one @entity5 comprised a solid lesion with significant @entity39 . All @entity5 showed intertumor @entity548 , infiltrative growth and invasion of the @entity8 . Four cases showed @entity3329 , of which one case showed simultaneous mediastinal and supraclavicular @entity3329 . All @entity5 from four cases showed mild hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI images, and three @entity5 showed hypointensity on T2-weighted MRI images relative to the renal cortex except for 1 @entity5 that showed significant @entity548 and a relative hyperintensity. For 3 cases who were imaged with CT, two @entity5 imaged using nonenhanced CT images showed mild hyperdensity relative to the renal cortex. Calcification was noted in all three @entity5 . All @entity5 showed mild, persistent enhancement. CONCLUSION: Typical Xp11-RCC manifests as an advanced, solid renal mass with mild persistent enhancement, a prevalence of intertumor @entity548 / @entity730 , and a cortical epicenter location. The predilection for @entity1 and young adults is a useful clinical feature when confirming a diagnosis of Xp11-RCC.

title: @entity703 associated with Xp11.2 translocations/ XXXX gene fusions: findings on MRI and computed tomography imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy', 'lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['perirenal adipose/renal sinus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinomas']

answer: @entity19409 :: (7030,Gene) :: ['TFE3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, two studies revealed that MET amplification was associated with secondary @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . But it remains uncertain whether MET amplification could be related to primary TKI resistance in @entity1149 because of limited data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MET gene dosage of the @entity5 tissues from 208 @entity1149 @entity1 was investigated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with molecular and clinical features, including @entity470 mutations, @entity984 mutations, @entity470 gene copy numbers, and @entity1 survivals. Three copies were used as the cutoff. Among them, 25 @entity1 were also evaluable for @entity470 TKI responsiveness. RESULTS: The proportion of high MET gene dosage was 10.58% (22/208) with higher incidence in @entity957 (11.86%) and smokers (16.18%), although the differences with @entity420 and nonsmokers were nonsignificant. Coexisting @entity470 mutations were identified, and the incidence (8.54%) was similar to wild type (12.0%). High MET gene dosage was significantly associated with higher @entity5 stage (stage I + II versus stage III + IV; p = 0.0254) and prior chemotherapy for stage III + IV @entity420 @entity1 (35.71% versus 7.41%; p = 0.0145) but not correlated with primary TKI resistance. Among the 155 surgically resectable @entity1 (stage I to IIIA), high MET gene dosage was significantly associated with shorter median survival (21.0 months versus 47.1 months; p = 0.042) by univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: High MET gene dosage was not related to primary TKI resistance and the incidence was increased after chemotherapy, suggesting high MET gene dosage may also be related to chemotherapy resistance.

title: Clinical implications of high MET gene dosage in @entity1149 @entity1 without previous XXXX kinase inhibitor treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Based on recent experience that @entity205 , an immunosuppressive drug, produces marked improvement in @entity1569 , possible immunomodulatory activities of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) have been reviewed to look for alternate mechanisms of @entity1500 action in @entity1569 . It is generally considered that the therapeutic results of @entity1500 in @entity1569 are related to a direct effect on epidermal cell @entity1373 through inhibition of DNA synthesis. Several studies in the literature now suggest possible effects of @entity1500 on the immune system of psoriatics as well as in animal models that may have some pathogenic similarities to @entity1569 . In psoriatics receiving @entity1500 , neutrophil chemotaxis is suppressed, resulting in a possible alteration in the potential pathologic activity of neutrophils commonly found in lesional skin. @entity1500 does improve both psoriatic and @entity309 . Animal studies of the latter using @entity1753 and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) have indicated several possible mechanisms for @entity1500 that affect these processes. In @entity2132 , @entity1500 selectively destroys cycling @entity405 + cells, and in @entity1753 the activation of macrophages is prevented by inhibition of T-cell function. While @entity1500 generally has not been clinically utilized as an immunomodulatory drug for immunologically related diseases, it may, nonetheless, have selective actions that could be specific for some diseases. @entity1500 and @entity205 could work mechanistically in similar ways but at different steps in the activation of T cells and macrophages. It may be that the major direct effect of @entity1500 on epidermal cell proliferation is complemented or even mediated by subtle immunoregulatory effects on the melange of cells in the affected skin and the systemic immune response.

title: Cytotoxic and immunologic effects of XXXX in @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant arthritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft vs host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Twenty-one of 42 @entity1 (50 per cent) with @entity5881 showed serum chemotactic inhibitory activity (CIA). CIA was not related to any single biochemical or histologic feature in the @entity1 studied. The frequency of CIA was greatest in those with active @entity281 . Serial studies demonstrated that CIA may be a transient phenomenon, associated with active @entity5881 or appearance of @entity281 . Nine of 15 @entity1 showed skin test anergy; CIA was present in 8 of these 9 patients. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) concentrations were significantly higher in @entity1 with CIA when compared to those without CIA. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of serums showing CIA yielded three peaks of inhibitory activity. Two had sedimentation coefficients of 10.7S and 6.8S, and the third was approximately 3S. The two higher molecular weight inhibitors were predominant in the 50 per cent @entity1329 precipitate. Immunoabsorption by anti-IgA but not by anti-IgG or IgM columns removed the @entity1329 precipitable chemotactic inhibitors. The appearance of chemotactic inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity5881 may have relevance to their apparent susceptibility to serious @entity281 .

title: Inhibitors of leukocyte chemotaxis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the risk factors for @entity1002 in a paediatric population with idiopathic frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) and asymptomatic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Paediatric @entity1 with the diagnosis of idiopathic frequent @entity1540 and asymptomatic @entity1165 were retrospectively evaluated. Frequent @entity1540 were defined as >= 5% on 24 h Holter recording. @entity1002 was defined as a shortening fraction of  <=28%. Seventy-two @entity1 were identified. Six @entity1 showed @entity1002 at diagnosis [age 10    7 years, 2 (33%) had symptoms such as @entity1163 , palpitations, @entity1295 , and dizziness], and 66 showed normal LV function [age 8    6 years, 22 (33%) with symptoms]. @entity1 with @entity1002 had a higher percentage of @entity1540 on Holter recordings (47    16 vs. 16    11%, P = 0.006), higher prevalence of VT [5 (83%) vs. 27 (41%), P = 0.045] and sustained @entity1165 (sVT) [3 (50%) vs. 4 (6%), P = 0.001], and a higher number of couplets [6 (100%) vs. 34 (52%), P = 0.030]. In @entity1 with @entity1002 , two responded to medication (Classes Ic and II) and five underwent ablation, of which one was unsuccessful. During follow-up, LV function normalized in five of six @entity1 . In @entity1 with a normal function, none developed @entity1002 during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1540 and asymptomatic @entity1165 , development of @entity1002 is associated with a higher burden of @entity1540 , the presence of sVTs, and couplets. @entity1002 appears to be reversible if the burden of @entity1540 is decreased by medication or ablation.

title: XXXX is associated with frequent premature ventricular complexes and asymptomatic @entity1165 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'VTs']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare and may dilate the cavernous sinus. We present a case of @entity2850 caused by a cavernous sinus dilated by the arterial pressure of bilateral @entity5149 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old @entity1 suffered severe @entity542 in a motorbike accident. Hemodynamically relevant, untreatable @entity1415 required angiography, which revealed @entity548 and bilateral traumatic CCFs. The @entity548 was stopped by embolization with particles, and the left @entity5149 was partially embolized to stabilize the @entity1 hemodynamically. After short-term treatment and a long clinical course, the @entity1 was referred to rehabilitation. Three months after @entity130 , the @entity1 presented with severe @entity10 and a dilated right pupil; he was somnolent. Immediate cerebral computed tomography scan showed a retroclival mass compressing the brainstem. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a reperfused left-sided @entity5149 causing a huge dilatation of the retroclival cavernous sinus. After embolization with 2 balloons, the symptoms resolved and the @entity1 was readmitted to rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Bilateral traumatic CCFs are uncommon. @entity73 caused by @entity450 and consecutive @entity4 is an extremely rare complication of CCFs, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Direct compression of the brainstem by CCFs has, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported before. Immediate endovascular intervention led to complete remission of the symptoms.

title: XXXX caused by bilateral traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas: case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute bleeding of the left sphenopalatine artery', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Brainstem impairment']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['Brainstem compression']


abstract: 1. In Expt I, a pelleted grass-meal diet was supplemented with @entity5836 , added to the grass pellets before feeding, at five levels from 0 to 628 mmol/kg @entity62 ( @entity62 ). Each diet was offered ad lib. for 21 d to five @entity742 in a 5 x 5 Latin-square design. 2. Voluntary food intake decreased rectilinearly with increasing @entity5828 supplementation (P less than 0.001), to 42% of the control value for @entity742 on the high- @entity5828 diet. The decrease in food intake was related both to dietary pH and to the extent of @entity520 induced by the @entity5828 treatment. Although the pH of rumen fluid decreased slightly with increasing @entity5828 supplementation, effects of the @entity5828 treatment on volatile @entity844 concentrations in rumen fluid were not significant (P greater than 0.05). 3. In Expt 2, palatability and metabolic effects of dietary @entity5828 were studied by comparing its effect when mixed into the pelleted grass meal before feeding, with and without a supplement of an equivalent amount of @entity4388 given intraruminally, or when @entity5828 was given intraruminally while the @entity742 consumed pelleted grass meal alone. Each of the three treatments was given at two levels of @entity5828 , 280 and 560 mmol/kg @entity62 . At each level of dietary @entity5828 supplementation, the three treatments and the control diet (pelleted grass meal alone) were each given to four @entity742 , in a Latin-square design, for 11 d. 4. At the low level of supplementation, @entity5828 , when mixed into the pelleted grass meal, reduced food intake by 17%, this effect was not altered by @entity5993 supplementation, but when @entity5828 was given intraruminally food intake was not reduced. At the high level of @entity5828 supplementation, food intake was reduced by about 40% by each method of @entity5828 supplementation; and @entity5993 supplementation did not appreciably alter the effect of @entity5828 on food intake, but prevented @entity520 associated with the @entity5828 treatments. Food intakes for the low- @entity5828 treatments were significantly higher than those for the high- @entity5828 treatments (P less than 0.01) and the level of dietary @entity5828 x treatment interaction was also significant (P less than 0.01). @entity62 digestibility, and the pH and volatile @entity844 concentrations of rumen fluid were not significantly affected by the different treatments. 5. It is concluded that at a low level of @entity5828 supplementation the adverse effects of dietary @entity5828 on @entity2798 of @entity742 is determined by palatability associated with low dietary pH, whereas at a high level of @entity5828 supplementation the effect is determined by palatability and by a metabolic response.

title: Effects of dietary @entity5836 on XXXX and metabolism of @entity742 in relation to the use of mineral acids as silage additives.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary food intake']

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['voluntary food intake']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to improve understanding of the novel @entity778 complicated with @entity55 . METHOD: clinical presentations, radiological data, laboratory data and treatments of 2 @entity1 with @entity55 caused by the novel @entity778 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: one @entity1 was a middle-aged @entity1 , and the other was a young @entity1 with a history of @entity565 . Both @entity1 had fever (temperatures more than 39 degrees C), cough, and @entity1353 . At the time of admission, both @entity1 had @entity519 . Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed patchy distribution of consolidation and ground-glass opacity mainly in peripheral subpleural regions, as well as peribrochovascular lesions with air-bronchogram. The decreased and lymphocytes, elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity908 kinase were found in both @entity1 . After admission, the @entity1 received @entity684 with a dose of 75 mg twice a day for a minimum of 5 days. Other treatments included antibiotics and @entity1667 . One @entity1 needed intermittent non-invasive ventilation for @entity649 . Both @entity1 recovered and the @entity231 on their chest CT were almost absorbed. WBC counts increased to normal and the levels of LDH and CK decreased. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with the novel @entity778 may develop @entity55 . The manifestations are non-specific. Chest CT scan reveals patchy distribution of consolidation and ground-glass opacity. In addition to antiviral therapy, glucocorticoids may have some effects on the @entity358 and be useful for improving the clinical conditions.

title: [Report of 2 cases of novel @entity778 complicated with XXXX and @entity519 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus infection', 'influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Universal antifungal prophylaxis with @entity8201 is commonly used after lung transplantation. We noted an increase in isolates of @entity54 calidoustus in our transplant population and hypothesized that increasing @entity5638 use (universal prophylaxis since 2008) may be promoting this @entity281 . METHODS: Clinical and microbiologic data for A. calidoustus cases from 2008 to 2011 were extracted from chart review. For lung transplant @entity1 , a case-control study was performed to determine risk factors, and incidence rates were calculated. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2011, we identified seven organ transplant recipients and one hematopoietic stem-cell transplant @entity1 with positive A. calidoustus culture results in bronchoalveolar lavage at a median of 13 months after transplantation (interquartile range, 4-39 months). Chest computed tomographic scan was consistent with @entity364 in six of eight @entity1 , and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 /Mycoses Study Group criteria classified these as "probable" invasive @entity2381 . In the case-control study, there were no differences in immunosuppression, number of respiratory samples taken, length of intensive care unit stay, or rejection rates. Of controls, 33.3% received third-generation @entity5638 prophylaxis compared with 83.3% of cases (P=0.13). However, median duration of exposure was greater in cases than in controls (3 vs. 0 months, P=0.045). Fungal minimum inhibitory concentration for @entity5074 was 4   g/mL or greater for six of eight cases. Incidence rates in lung transplants showed an increase of A. calidoustus (0/1000 vs. 11.3/1000 @entity1 -years in 2006-2007 and 2008-2011, respectively; P=0.018), whereas @entity54 cases decreased (73.9/1000 vs. 49.0/1000 @entity1 -years, P=0.0066). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary A. calidoustus seems to be an emerging pathogen mainly in lung transplants. We suggest that third-generation @entity5638 use reduced the incidence of A. fumigatus, but the incidence of A. calidoustus, an @entity5638 -resistant fungus, was increased.

title: Emergence of @entity54 XXXX in the era of posttransplantation @entity5638 prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['calidoustus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is the mildest form of @entity99 ( @entity99 ). For diagnostic purposes, 2 alternative batteries of psychometric screening tests are recommended. They differ from each other in terms of the cognitive domains assessed. The research was designed to provide a profile of cognitive functioning in @entity1 with @entity1575 , using an assessment that covers a wider range of cognitive functions than the usual screening battery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 138 @entity1 , including 88 with @entity1575 and 50 healthy volunteers. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for screening and excluding advanced @entity73 . Then, to assess cognitive functions in more detail, the following tests were used: Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Letter and Semantic Fluency Tests (LF and SF), @entity2205 Making Test (TMT A_B), Digit Symbol Test (DST), Block Design Test (BDT), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The MRT task has not been used in @entity99 diagnosis so far. Finally, 57 @entity1 and 48 controls took part in the entire study. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1575 commit significantly more errors of intrusions in the AVLT during the delayed free recall trial. Results significantly deviating from the norm in at least 2 tests were found only in 7 @entity82 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results do not provide any specific profile of @entity73 in @entity99 , but suggest that @entity82 @entity1 have a tendency to commit more @entity2414 , probably due to @entity73 of executive function.

title: Cognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity1575 : a tendency to commit more XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disturbances', 'subtle impairments']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory errors']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'Minimal hepatic encephalopathy', 'MHE', 'HE']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Demographic ageing is occurring at an unprecedented rate in China. @entity102 and their disabling consequences will become much more common. Public policy has a strong urban bias, and older @entity1 living in rural areas may be especially vulnerable due to limited access to good quality healthcare, and low pension coverage. We aim to compare the sociodemographic and health characteristics, health service utilization, needs for care and informal care arrangements of representative samples of older @entity1 in two Beijing communities, urban Xicheng and rural Daxing. METHODS: A one-phase cross-sectional survey of all those aged 65 years and over was conducted in urban and rural catchment areas in Beijing, China. Assessments included questionnaires, a clinical interview, physical examination, and an informant interview. Prevalence of @entity102 , self-reported impairments and risk behaviours was calculated adjusting for household clustering. Poisson working models were used to estimate the independent effect of rural versus urban residence, and to explore the predictors of health services utilization. RESULTS: We interviewed 1002 @entity1 in rural Daxing, and 1160 in urban Xicheng. Those in Daxing were more likely to be younger, widowed, less educated, not receiving a pension, and reliant on family transfers. @entity102 were more common in Xicheng, when based on self-report rather than clinical assessment. Risk exposures were more common in Daxing. Rural older @entity1 were much less likely to access health services, controlling for age and health. Community health services were ineffective, particularly in Daxing, where fewer than 3% of those with @entity101 were adequately controlled. In Daxing, care was provided by family, who had often given up work to do so. In Xicheng, 45% of those needing care were supported by paid caregivers. Caregiver strain was higher in Xicheng. @entity303 was strongly associated with care needs and caregiver strain, but not with medical helpseeking. CONCLUSION: Apparent better health in Daxing might be explained by under-diagnosis, under-reporting or selective mortality. Far-reaching structural reforms may be needed to improve access and strengthen rural healthcare. The impact of social and economic change is already apparent in Xicheng, with important implications for future long-term care.

title: XXXX prevalence and care among the elderly in urban and rural Beijing, China - a 10/66 @entity303 Research Group cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic disease']


abstract: To evaluate the utility of @entity12862 ( @entity12862 ; PW, CW and color), 67 @entity1 affected by @entity4794 (20 M, 47 F, mean age 52 years) were submitted to @entity12862 examination. Right and left cardiac catheterization were performed in 20 @entity1 within 24 hours before @entity12862 . Mitral area obtained by Doppler method (Hatle's formula) correlated highly with both echo-2 dimensional and hemodynamic area (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001; r = 0.95, p less than 0.001 respectively). It was possible to calculate systolic pulmonary pressure, in @entity1 with @entity997 , (43.9 +/- 14.9 mmHg, range 25-80) which correlated significantly (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001) with hemodynamic data (40.2 +/- 12.7 mmHg, range 20-70). The left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient was 15.6 +/- 6.9 mmHg, range 6-32; the mean pressure gradient was 8.4 +/- 3.7 mmHg, range 3-17; the pressure half time 170.2 +/- 62.3 ms, range 83-330. We observed different types of direction of transmitral jets: centrally directed (n = 34); forward antero-lateral wall (n = 28); toward interventricular septum (n = 5). The transmitral jets presented 4 different appearances: scimitar-shaped (n = 28); candle flame (n = 24); mushroom (n = 9); double-jets (n = 6). No correlation was observed between the different types of transmitral jets (direction and appearance) and the parameters obtained by Doppler (PW and CW): velocities, pressure half-time, gradients. Thus, Doppler echocardiography permits a complete anatomic and functional evaluation of @entity1 with @entity4794 . We have not observed any correlation between the hemodynamic data and the different types of transmitral jets visualized by color Doppler.

title: [Doppler echocardiography in the functional evaluation of @entity1 with pure XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['pure mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid incompetence']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral valve stenosis']


abstract: Lymph nodes are often the first target of @entity5 which can then remetastasize to distant organs. The progression of lymph node @entity3 is dependent on sufficient blood supply provided by angiogenesis. In the present study, we have developed a color-coded imaging model to visualize angiogenesis of lymph nodes @entity3 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP). @entity19 carrying GFP under the control of the nestin promoter (ND-GFP @entity19 ) were used as hosts. Nascent blood vessels express GFP in these @entity19 . @entity19 -RFP @entity320 cells were injected into the efferent lymph vessel of the inguinal lymph node of the ND-GFP @entity19 , whereby the @entity320 cells trafficked to the axillary lymph node. Three days after @entity320 implantation, ND-GFP-expressing nascent blood vessels were imaged in the axillary lymph nodes. Seven days after implantation, ND-GFP-expressing nascent blood vessels formed a network in the lymph nodes. ND-GFP-positive blood vessels surrounded the @entity5 mass by 14 days after implantation. However, by 28 days after implantation, ND-GFP expression was diminished as the blood vessels matured. Treatment with @entity632 significantly decreased the mean nascent blood vessel length per @entity5 volume. These results show that the dual-color ND-GFP blood vessels/RFP- @entity5 model is a powerful tool to visualize and quantitate angiogenesis of metastatic lymph nodes as well as for evaluation of its inhibition.

title: Color-coded fluorescence imaging of lymph-node XXXX , angiogenesis, and its drug-induced inhibition.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'B16F10', 'Transgenic mice', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that can block mRNA translation and influence mRNA stability. Recent evidence indicates that miRNA variations can affect drug resistance, efficacy, and metabolism, opening new avenues of pharmacogenomics research. We investigated associations between polymorphisms in both miRNA-containing genomic regions (primary and precursor miRNA) and in genes related to miRNA biogenesis with clinical outcome in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) @entity1 treated with @entity1487 and @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ). Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 61 @entity1 . A significant association with @entity5 response and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was found for SNP @entity26717 in pri-miR26a-1 (P=0.041 and P=0.017, respectively). The genotypes CC and CT were favorable when compared with the TT variant genotype. In addition, SNP @entity26718 , located in the pri- @entity26719 gene, significantly correlated with a longer @entity1054 (P=0.04). In the miRNA-biogenesis pathway, a trend was identified between SNP @entity11778 in the @entity10405 gene and disease control rate (P=0.076). This study is the first to suggest a relationship between treatment outcome and SNPs in the miRNA-biogenesis machinery, in both primary and precursor miRNAs. Our results suggest that miRNA polymorphic variants might be useful predictors of clinical outcome in mCRC @entity1 treated with @entity1487 and @entity2600 combination.

title: Role of primary miRNA polymorphic variants in metastatic colon cancer @entity1 treated with @entity1487 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: @entity7823 are increasingly cited as threats to wildlife, livestock and @entity1 alike. They can threaten geographically isolated or critically endangered wildlife populations; however, relatively few studies have clearly demonstrated the extent to which emerging diseases can impact populations of common wildlife species. Here, we report the impact of an emerging @entity66 on British populations of greenfinch Carduelis chloris and chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, two of the most common birds in Britain. Morphological and molecular analyses showed this to be due to @entity5797 . Trichomonosis emerged as a novel fatal disease of finches in Britain in 2005 and rapidly became @entity3082 within greenfinch, and to a lesser extent chaffinch, populations in 2006. By 2007, breeding populations of greenfinches and chaffinches in the geographic region of highest disease incidence had decreased by 35% and 21% respectively, representing mortality in excess of half a million birds. In contrast, declines were less pronounced or absent in these species in regions where the disease was found in intermediate or low incidence. Also, populations of dunnock Prunella modularis, which similarly feeds in gardens, but in which T. gallinae was rarely recorded, did not decline. This is the first @entity3082 reported in the scientific literature to negatively impact populations of free-ranging non-columbiform species, and such levels of mortality and decline due to an @entity7823 are unprecedented in British wild bird populations. This disease emergence event demonstrates the potential for a protozoan parasite to jump avian host taxonomic groups with dramatic effect over a short time period.

title: XXXX leads to rapid population declines of common British birds.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal disease']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic', 'trichomonosis epidemic']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['Emerging infectious diseases', 'emerging infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity5797 :: ('MESH:D014245', 'Disease') :: ['Trichomonas gallinae']

answer: @entity7823 :: (MESH:D021821,Disease) :: ['Emerging infectious disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity557 ( @entity557 ) activation following thrombolysis may affect thrombolysis effectiveness in @entity64 ( @entity64 ). To support this hypothesis, we propose to study the relationship between @entity557 consumption, activated/inactivated @entity557 (TAFIa/ai) and @entity64 severity and outcome in 2 groups of @entity64 @entity1 , one treated and one untreated with intravenous recombinant @entity3479 (rt-PA). METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study, we aimed to study the association between TAFIa/ai and @entity64 outcome. @entity557 levels were sequentially measured in @entity1 treated with intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis (T), and in @entity1 not given any thrombolytic therapy (NT). Baseline reference values were established in healthy subjects matched for age and gender. The National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score assessed at baseline and on day 2 was dichotomized into 2 severity groups (0-7 vs. >7). The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) score at day 90 was dichotomized for favorable (0-1) and unfavorable (2-6) outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity1 were included, with 41 receiving rt-PA. At admission, @entity1 had higher TAFIa/ai levels than reference. A significant increase in TAFIa/ai levels was observed at the end of thrombolysis (mean change from baseline of 963%) and lasted up to 4 h (191%). Higher TAFIa/ai levels were associated with a more severe day 2 NIHSS score (p = 0.0098 at T2h post thrombolysis) and an unfavorable @entity2653 score from T48h (p = 0.0417) to day 90 (p = 0.0046). In NT @entity1 , higher TAFIa/ai levels at admission were associated with a more severe @entity64 , as assessed by day 2 NIHSS score (p = 0.0026) and @entity2653 score (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate a consistent relationship between @entity557 levels and early clinical severity during rt-PA treatment.

title: Changes in Activated @entity557 Levels Following Thrombolytic Therapy in Ischemic Stroke XXXX Correlate with Clinical Outcome.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor', 'TAFI']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) are commonly encountered problem in neurological practice and usually are accompanied by other @entity146 comorbidities. Despite its prevalence and profound impact on @entity1 and families, there have been few trials addressing treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy may be effective but the role of pharmacologic therapy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To critically evaluate evidence that PNES frequency may be reduced by treatment with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. METHODS: The objective was addressed through the development of a structured, critically appraised topic. We incorporated a clinical scenario, background information, a structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom line conclusions. @entity1 included consultant and resident neurologists, a medical librarian, epileptology, and psychiatry content experts. RESULTS: A pilot randomized control clinical trial was selected for critical appraisal. Thirty-eight PNES @entity1 were randomized to flexible-dose @entity3756 (target dose, 200 mg/d) or placebo. Only 68% of @entity1 contributed data to the primary analysis and baseline PNES frequency was notably dissimilar. Twelve-week @entity410 frequency rates, as compared with baseline, were 45% lower in the @entity3756 group (P=0.03) but unchanged in the placebo group (8% increase; P=0.78). After adjustment for baseline differences, between-treatment group comparison revealed a trend toward lower event frequency in the @entity3756 group (risk ratio 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.05; P=0.29). Psychosocial and quality of life measures did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine treatment with @entity3756 to reduce PNES event frequency but these pilot data suggest a possible benefit worthy of further exploration.

title: The effect of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors on the frequency of psychogenic XXXX : a critically appraised topic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences of magnitudes and durations associated with dosed myofascial release (MFR) on @entity1 fibroblast proliferation, @entity1184 , and cytokine secretions. METHODS: Bioengineered tendons (BETs) attached to nylon mesh anchors were strained uniaxially using a vacuum pressure designed to model MFR varying in magnitudes (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% elongation) and durations (0.5 and 1-5 minutes). Conditioned media were analyzed for cytokine secretion via protein microarray (n = 2). Bioengineered tendons were weighted and fibroblasts extracted from the @entity3991 were assessed for total cell protein and proliferation via double-stranded DNA quantification (n = 5). All data were compared by a 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Dunnett test and Student t test. RESULTS: Changing MFR magnitude and duration did not have an effect on total fibroblast cellular protein or DNA accumulation. However, we observed a stepwise increase in @entity3991 weight with higher-magnitude MFR treatments. Longer durations of MFR resulted in progressive increase in the secretions of angiogenin, @entity2772 , @entity687 , growth colony-stimulating factor, and thymus activation-regulated chemokine. Alternatively, increasing strain magnitude induced secretions of @entity1356 , monocyte chemoattractant cytokine, and regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted chemotactic cytokine. CONCLUSION: Cellular proliferation and @entity1184 were not significantly changed by any treatment. However, the change in total @entity3991 dry weight suggests that production of extracellular matrix protein may be up-regulated. Different MFR parameters induce secretions of a unique subset of cytokines and growth factors that can be further enhanced by increasing the magnitude and duration of treatment. If clinically translatable, these results suggest that variations to manual therapy biomechanical parameters may differentially affect physiological responses in vivo.

title: Dosed myofascial release in three-dimensional bioengineered tendons: effects on XXXX fibroblast hyperplasia, @entity1184 , and cytokine secretion.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of vision development and light intensity on schooling behaviour during growth in juvenile @entity20535 @entity20535 were investigated using both behavioural and histological approaches. The schooling behaviour of three age groups [25, 40 and 55 days post hatching (dph)] of juvenile T. orinetalis were examined under various light intensities. Subsequently, schooling variables, such as the nearest neighbour distance (D( @entity10575 ) ) and the separation swimming index (I(SS) ), were also measured under different light intensities. Furthermore, retinal indices of light adaptation in juvenile fish at each experimental light intensity and visual acuities in six stages (25-55 dph) of juveniles were examined histologically. During growth, the light intensity thresholds of I(SS) decreased from 5 to 0  05 lx, and D( @entity10575 ) under light conditions (>300 lx) also decreased from 9  2 times the standard length (L(S) ) to 1  2 times L(S) . The thresholds of light intensities for the light adaptation of retinas in juveniles (25-55 dph) similarly decreased from 5 to 0  05 lx with growth. In addition, the visual acuities of juveniles developed from 0  04 to 0  17 with decreasing D( @entity10575 ) . These data clearly indicate that the characteristics of schooling behaviour strongly correspond to the degree of vision development. Juvenile T. orinetalis also appear to be more dependent on cone rather than rod cells under low light intensity conditions, resulting in a relatively high light intensity threshold for schooling. These results suggest that juveniles can adapt to darker conditions during growth by developing improved visual capabilities.

title: Schooling behaviour of juvenile @entity20535 XXXX depends on their vision development.

entities_list: @entity20535 :: ('8238', 'Species') :: ['Pacific bluefin tuna', 'Thunnus orientalis']

answer: @entity20535 :: (8238,Species) :: ['Thunnus orientalis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are now diagnosed from small specimens, and classification using standard pathology methods can be difficult. This is of clinical relevance as many therapy regimens and clinical trials are histology dependent. The purpose of this study was to develop an mRNA expression signature as an adjunct test for routine histopathologic classification of NSCLCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A microarray dataset of resected @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) was used as the learning set for an @entity420 - @entity957 signature. The @entity5 (TCGA) lung RNAseq dataset was used for validation. Another microarray dataset of ADCs and matched nonmalignant lung was used as the learning set for a @entity5 versus nonmalignant signature. The classifiers were selected as the most differentially expressed genes and sample classification was determined by a nearest distance approach. RESULTS: We developed a 62-gene expression signature that contained many genes used in immunostains for @entity1149 typing. It includes 42 genes that distinguish @entity420 from @entity957 and 20 genes differentiating nonmalignant lung from @entity2 . Testing of the TCGA and other public datasets resulted in high prediction accuracies (93%-95%). In addition, a prediction score was derived that correlates both with histologic grading and prognosis. We developed a practical version of the Classifier using the HTG EdgeSeq nuclease protection-based technology in combination with next-generation sequencing that can be applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and small biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our RNA classifier provides an objective, quantitative method to @entity3224 in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity2 . Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4880-9.   2016 AACR.

title: An Expression Signature as an @entity3224 to the Histologic Classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ADC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract:
Background. About 1/4 @entity1 with @entity5 experience of pathological @entity174 .
 Material and methods. In the period of 1998-2002 we treated 14 @entity1 with @entity174 of long bones. The @entity174 occurred due to @entity3 .
 Results. By use of intramedullary locking nail, the rehabilitation could be preformed very quickly. The @entity1 were made upright and learned to walk, two days after operation. The @entity1 could be discharged from hospital quickly and continued the treatment for @entity5 . In @entity1 , who lived longer than 8 months after operation, we observed a characteristic bone union rebuilding.
 Conclusions. The treatment of @entity174 with use of intramedullary locking nail is advantageous method.

title: The treatment of @entity174 with the use of intramedullary locking nail in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'pathological fractures']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic disease']


abstract: The anaesthetic management and follow-up of well-characterised @entity1 with @entity120 presenting for noncardiothoracic nonobstetric surgery has rarely been described. The details of consecutive @entity1 and perioperative complications during the period January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed. Repeat procedures in duplicate @entity1 were excluded. Longer term outcomes included New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, 6-min walking distance and invasive haemodynamics. A total of 28 @entity1 were identified as having undergone major (57%) or minor surgery under general (50%) and regional anaesthesia. At the time of surgery, 75% of @entity1 were in NYHA functional class I-II. Perioperative @entity204 occurred in 7%. Perioperative complications, all related to @entity120 , occurred in 29% of all @entity1 and in 17% of those with no @entity204 during scheduled procedures. Most (n = 11, 92%) of the complications occurred in the first 48 h following surgery. In @entity341 (n = 4), perioperative complication and @entity204 rates were higher (100 and 50%, respectively; p<0.005). Risk factors for complications were greater for emergency surgery (p<0.001), major surgery (p = 0.008) and a long operative time (193 versus 112 min; p = 0.003). No significant clinical or @entity5122 was seen in survivors at 3-6 or 12 months of post-operative follow-up. Despite optimal management in this mostly nonsevere @entity120 population, perioperative complications were common, although survivors remained stable. Emergency procedures, major surgery and long operations were associated with increased risk.

title: Noncardiothoracic nonobstetric surgery in mild-to-moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of @entity4433 and @entity5060 genotypes on the pharmacokinetic variability of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in @entity302 @entity1 using a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approach. METHODS: @entity2052 concentrations were measured in 287 @entity302 @entity1 , who were genotyped for @entity4433 *2/*3 and @entity5060 *3. @entity1 who were on monotherapy with @entity2052 were divided into two groups, a PPK-model group (n = 177) and a PPK-valid group (n = 110). The PPK parameter values for @entity2052 were calculated in the PPK-model group by using the NONMEM software. Ultimately, a biological model and a final model were established. Each model was then used to independently predict the concentrations of the PPK-valid group to validate the two models. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of the @entity4433 and @entity5060 genotypes on the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability (P < 0.01) in the final PPK model of CL/F. The interindividual CL was calculated according to the final model: CL/F = 0.0951 x (1 + e(0.0267 x (3 - genotype))) + 0.0071 x age (L/h). The coefficient of variation (CV) (omega CL/F) of the final model was 29.3%, while that of the biological model was 31.7%. Based on the genotype, the individual PK parameters can be calculated more accurately than before. CONCLUSION: The @entity4433 and @entity5060 genotypes significantly influenced the PK variability of @entity2052 , as quantified by NONMEM software.

title: Effects of @entity4433 and @entity5060 genotypes on pharmacokinetic variability of XXXX in Chinese @entity302 @entity1 : nonlinear mixed-effect modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Because of the advances in endoscopic technology, retrograde flexible ureteroscopy (URS) is being applied to larger @entity1290 . For stones greater than 2.5 cm, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has long been considered the standard of care. We have encountered a growing population of @entity1 who desire a less invasive, less disruptive approach to large @entity1290 . We present our experience with retrograde ureteroscopic management of @entity1290 larger than 2.5 cm. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 between October 2004 and June 2008 underwent retrograde flexible URS with holmium laser lithotripsy. Each @entity1 underwent retrograde URS using the Storz Flex-X and a ureteral access sheath. @entity1 were evaluated for number of procedures, stone clearance rates, and hospital admissions. Postoperative kidney, ureter, and bladder radiograph was used to determine stone-free rates. RESULTS: Mean stone size was 3.0 cm. The average number of procedures was 1.82 with 5 @entity1 requiring one, 14 requiring two, and 1 requiring three procedures. There were two failures who went on to have percutaneous nephrolithotomy, both of whom had significant lower pole stone burden. Overall stone-free rate was 90.9%. There were three overnight admissions for stent @entity158 , and one 3-day admission for @entity2259 in a @entity1 who was noncompliant with preoperative antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Planned staged URS is a viable option for the treatment of @entity1290 larger than 2.5 cm with excellent stone-free results. Significant lower pole stone burden is a limiting factor.

title: Retrograde ureteroscopy for XXXX larger than 2.5 cm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones', 'renal stone burdens']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stones']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity170 is one of the most prevalent skeletal system diseases. It is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural changes in bone tissue that lead to an attenuation of bone resistance and susceptibility to @entity174 . @entity174 is by far the most prevalent @entity3604 . In the musculoskeletal system, osteoblasts, originated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), are responsible for osteoid synthesis and mineralization. In @entity170 , BMSC osteogenic differentiation is defective. However, to date, what leads to the defective BMSC osteogenesis in @entity170 remains an open question. In the current study, we made attempts to answer this question. A @entity19 model of @entity170 ( @entity170 ) was established and BMSC were isolated from vertebral body. The impairment of osteogenesis was observed in BMSC of @entity3604 vertebral body. The expression profiles of thirty-six factors, which play important roles in bone metabolisms, were compared through antibody array between normal and @entity3604 BMSC. Significantly higher secretion level of @entity777 was observed in @entity3604 BMSCs compared with normal control. We provided evidences that @entity777 over-secretion impaired osteogenesis of @entity3604 BMSC. Further, it was observed that b-catenin activity was inhibited in response to @entity777 over-secretion. More importantly, in vivo administration of @entity777 neutralizing antibody was found to be helpful to rescue the @entity3604 phenotype of @entity19 vertebral body. Our study provides a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of @entity170 and identifies @entity777 as a promising target for @entity170 therapy.

title: XXXX Contributes to the Defective Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from the Vertebral Body of the Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporotic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis', 'Osteoporosis', 'GIO', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-6']