abstract: The prognosis of @entity2109 is generally considered to be poor, particularly in the advanced stages of the disease. Although recent chemotherapy protocols have given high rates of cure in @entity1 , there are few such reports concerning adults. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of the results for treatment of 46 adults in the Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR) between 1978 and 1987, in order to establish an effective treatment strategy for use in a prospective trial. The median age of the @entity1 was 31 years and the majority were Caucasians of European origin. The clinical symptoms and course of the disease were similar to those in the pediatric situation and corresponded to the so-called non endemic forms observed in Europe and the United States. Presentation was generally extra-nodal, usually with abdominal manifestations. As a rule, the disease progressed rapidly and showed a high affinity for the central nervous system in the absence of specific prophylaxis, despite systemic therapy with highly active agents, particularly in the advanced stages. According to Murphy's classification, there were 6 stage I, 11 stage II, 19 stage III and 10 stage IV @entity1 (3 of whom had CNS involvement). Treatment was heterogenous, although all the @entity1 received polychemotherapy including anthracyclins. The best results were obtained from eleven @entity1 treated according to the French Multicenter Protocols for pediatric @entity2109 (LMB-84 and LMB-86). Kaplan-Meier 5-year relapse free survival rate among the 46 @entity1 was 42% (stage I: 83%; stage II: 67%; stage III: 30%; stage IV: 30%). In order to standardize our therapeutic approach, we started a prospective study in 1988 using the unmodified pediatric protocol for our adult @entity1 .

title: XXXX in adults: a retrospective study of 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) is a cumbersome complication in late-stage @entity5 , and @entity253 ( @entity253 ) is often used to relieve symptoms and allow chemotherapy (CT). METHODS: From July 2008 to August 2011, 71 @entity1 (pts) with @entity3883 due to solid @entity5 underwent @entity253 in our institution. Baseline characteristics, procedure complications, and outcomes were retrospectively collected. The primary objective was to estimate overall survival (OS) after @entity253 . RESULTS: Median age was 60 years, 63% had an ECOG performance status (PS) of 1-2, and 10% were receiving supportive care (SC). Most had primary @entity1820 (89%) and @entity3 at diagnosis (59%). Mean hospital stay was 16.6 days (2-90 days), with @entity648 value decreased (BVD) after 80% of procedures. @entity255 was observed in 66.2% of pts and 60.6% required readmissions. Only 51.6% of pts not in SC were eligible for CT after @entity253 . Median OS was 2.9 months (95% CI 0.62-5.2). Prognostic factors on univariate analysis include ECOG  <=2 (6.8 versus 0.79 months, p   <   0.0001), BVD (6.7 versus 0.33 months, p   <   0.0001), and CT after @entity253 (13.7 versus 1.2 months p   <   0.0001). On multivariate analysis, CT after procedure was related to better OS (HR 0.15, CI 0.06-0.38, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant @entity3883 is a late event in @entity5 pts. Thorough evaluation is needed before determining eligibility to @entity253 due to its high complication and hospitalization rates. In the current analysis, pts with PS >2 and who are not candidates for further CT had a dismal prognosis and should probably not be offered @entity253 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in @entity1 with advanced solid XXXX : prognostic factors and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['OJ', 'Obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['PTBD', 'percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive @entity548 , @entity931 , is a common gynecological problem in @entity1 of reproductive age. Since 1994, @entity661 has become the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity931 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term results of @entity661 for the treatment of @entity931 in an outpatient setting. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with @entity931 had undergone a balloon ablation in an outpatient setting at the Gynecological Departments at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge. At follow-up, all of the @entity1 were requested to complete a questionnaire concerning bleeding patterns, the degree of @entity1834 , side effects, or a need for further therapy after balloon ablation. RESULTS: @entity661 was successfully completed in 54 (97%) @entity1 . The two unsuccessful procedures consisted of one case, in which the @entity1 had an @entity56 to a @entity616 , and another case in which the balloon catheter could not be inserted into the uterine cavity. In three cases, short-term complications occurred: an @entity56 to a @entity616 , @entity7288 , and abdominal cramps. Completed outcome questionnaires were submitted by 42 (75%) of the @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 31 months. A reduction of @entity931 was experienced by 34 (81%) of the @entity1 . One @entity1 had undergone a hysterectomy and three had a hysteroscopical endometrial resection within two years after the ablation due to persistent @entity931 . CONCLUSION: Thermal endometrial ablation is a safe and effective treatment for @entity931 and is feasible in an outpatient setting.

title: @entity661 for the treatment of XXXX in an outpatient setting.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['thermal balloon ablation', 'Thermal balloon ablation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paracervical block']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the nature of bradyarrhythmic events and their relationship to @entity717 , disease stages and @entity591 in @entity1 with @entity5011 , and to investigate the potential of the 24-hour @entity299 ( @entity299 ) for the detection of serious @entity1168 in individual @entity1 . Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity5011 who were admitted to the authors' intensive care unit were studied. In all @entity1 , the heart rate was continuously recorded during the early stages of the disease, averaged at 1-minute intervals, and stored for 1 to 87 days. The @entity299 (n = 556, 16 +/- 19 per @entity1 ; median, 9) was calculated by Fourier analysis of 24-hour recordings and logarithmically transformed. The slope was estimated by regression analysis of log (power) on log (frequency) between 10(-4) and 4 x 10(-3) Hz, showing an inverse power law behavior in all 556 HRPSs. Eleven @entity1 (31%) had serious @entity1168 . Most of these @entity1 were not dependent on mechanical ventilation, with 3 of 11 @entity1 (27%) still being able to walk more than 5 meters. Sustained @entity591 occurred less frequently in @entity1 with than in those without @entity1168 . The combination of the slope of the power law regression line and the log (power) at 10(-4) Hz (log P4) of the 24-hour @entity299 correctly identified 8 of 11 bradyarrhythmic @entity1 (sensitivity 73%) and 16 of 22 @entity1 with @entity5011 who did not have @entity1168 (specificity 73%). All bradyarrhythmic @entity1 could be detected in the subgroup of @entity1 without sustained @entity591 . The 24-hour @entity299 is a powerful predictor of serious autonomic complications in @entity1 with @entity5011 and may help to identify @entity1 at risk of potentially life-threatening @entity943 .

title: Detection of serious XXXX in @entity5011 : sensitivity and specificity of the 24-hour @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate power spectrum', 'HRPS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disability']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large-scale war-related migration to Switzerland and other European countries is currently challenging European health systems. Little is known about recent patterns and trends in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) consultations by Asylum Seekers (AS). METHODS: A retrospective single-centre analysis was performed of the data from all adult @entity1 with the official status of "Asylum Seeker" or "Refugee" who consulted the @entity341 of Bern University Hospital, Switzerland, between June 2012 and June 2015. @entity1 characteristics and clinical information, such as triage category, type of referral and discharge, violence-related injury and diagnostic group on discharge, were extracted from the computerised database or determined from the medical reports. Changes in categorical variables between the three studied years were described. RESULTS: A total of 1,653 eligible adult @entity1 were identified in the 3-year period. Between the first (06/12-06/13) and third periods (06/14-06/15), the number of presentations per year increased by about 45%. The AS came from 62 different nations, the most common countries being Eritrea (13%), Somalia (13%) and Syria (11%). The mean age was 33.3 years (SD 12.3) and two thirds (65.7%) were male. The proportion of @entity1 increased over time. Moreover the relative proportions shifted from @entity1 between 20 and 50 years to @entity1 of under 20 or over 60 years. Nearly two thirds of the @entity1 were walk-in emergencies and this proportion increased over time. The mean triage score was 2.9 (SD 0.7), with more than 90% presenting as "urgent consultation". About half of the @entity1 were treated for @entity130 (17.2%), @entity281 (16.8%) or @entity146 problems (14.2%). @entity130 was seen in a higher proportion of male than female @entity1 . About 25% of the @entity1 were admitted for in-hospital treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The recent rise in AS in the population has lead to an increase in AS presenting to EDs. This changes the composition of @entity341 @entity1 and should raise awareness that changes in procedures may be needed. @entity166 and @entity146 problems remain a heavy burden for AS presenting in the @entity341 . A trend towards an increasing proportion of walk-in @entity1 to the @entity341 could not be explained by this study. Further studies and surveillance are needed to investigate this trend.

title: Consultations by Asylum Seekers: Recent Trends in the XXXX of a Swiss University Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Emergency Department']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of a 6-month course of combination intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity2879 in @entity1 with refractory or recurrent advanced @entity43 , 67 @entity1 were entered into this prospective, nonrandomized, single-institution trial. @entity900 at 100 mg/m2 and @entity2879 at 200 mg/m2 were administered IP on day 1 every month for 6 months. Exploratory laparotomy was performed before protocol entry and was planned after the completion of 6 months of IP therapy to surgically document response. All @entity1 had received prior intravenous (IV) chemotherapy with a @entity900 -based regimen. At protocol entry, 18 (27%) @entity1 had surgically defined @entity41 (maximal @entity5 diameter) greater than 2.0 cm, 17 (25%) @entity1 greater than 0.5 cm - less than or equal to 2.0 cm, and 32 (48%) @entity1 less than or equal to 0.5 cm. Sixteen @entity1 (24%) who had experienced a treatment-free interval of more than 1 year prior to study entry were considered as having @entity66 and the remaining 51 (76%) @entity1 were considered as having refractory disease. @entity137 was tolerable: four @entity1 (6%) had nadir fever, three (4%) had culture-documented @entity298 , five (7%) had IP catheter-related complications, and 27 (40%) had an increase in serum @entity1011 greater than 1.5 mg/dL. Among the 57 @entity1 who are fully evaluable for response, the overall surgically defined response rate, complete (CR), and partial response (PR), was 40% (23/57), and the CR rate was 21% (12/57). Among the @entity1 with @entity66 , eight of 13 (62%) responded, with responses seen among all categories of @entity66 . Among the @entity1 with refractory disease, 15 of 44 (34%) had surgically documented responses. However, responses were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity66 less than 0.5 cm; 11 of 20 (55%) versus four of 24 (17%) with residual greater than 0.5 cm, P = .019 (chi 2, one degree of freedom, Yates correction). The duration of the CRs ranges from 4 to 18+ months. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if there is any impact on survival.

title: Intraperitoneal XXXX and @entity2879 in the treatment of refractory/recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inheritance of @entity10685 ( @entity10685 ) alleles conferring lower affinity for IgG binding increases the risk of developing @entity1988 . METHODS: We compared the frequency of low-affinity alleles of two @entity10685 polymorphisms (FcgammaRIIA and @entity4071 ) among 235 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and proven @entity1310 ( @entity1310 @entity1 ) and among 352 @entity1252 @entity1 with no evidence of @entity8 (non- @entity1310 control subjects). The ethnic distribution of @entity1 in the study was 49% Caucasian, 20% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander, 12% African American, and 2% from other ethnic groups. All @entity1 were genotyped for the FcgammaRIIA-131R/H and @entity4071 -158V/F polymorphisms. We used contingency table analysis to compare allele and genotype distributions for @entity1310 @entity1 and nonnephritis control subjects, including ethnic-specific strata. Multivariate logistic regression analyses included sex and disease duration as covariates. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated a striking association between the low-affinity @entity4071 -158F allele and FF genotype and the risk of @entity1310 among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 2.6 for Caucasians with FF genotype), (P = 0.0017). This association was even stronger among Caucasians with severe @entity1310 (OR 4.4, P < 0.0001). In contrast, inheritance of the low-affinity FcgammaRIIA-131R allele (and RR genotype) was not associated with an increased risk of @entity1988 among any of the ethnic groups examined. CONCLUSION: The @entity4071 -158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of @entity1988 among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians. These results suggest that ethnic variation is critical in defining the specific genetic factors underlying the pathogenesis of @entity1252 , and they have important prognostic and therapeutic implications as well.

title: The XXXX IIIA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of @entity1988 among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity10685 :: ('2209', 'Gene') :: ['FcgammaR', 'Fcgamma receptor']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity10685 :: (2209,Gene) :: ['Fcgamma receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to examine the association of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with the prevalence and severity of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) in @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 (DC) and determine the impact of age and gender on this relationship. METHODS: West Haven criteria was used to prospectively evaluate 352 consecutive @entity1 with DC for the presence of @entity99 . Detailed clinicobiochemical profiling of @entity1 was performed. Categorical data and ordered categorical variables were evaluated using the Chi-squared test for independence and trend, respectively. Continuous normal and non-parametric data were evaluated using the t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. RESULTS: At the time of admission, @entity99 was present in 50.3% of @entity1 . In all, 118 @entity1 had @entity6 (33.5%). @entity1 with @entity6 had a significantly higher prevalence (58.5% vs 42.6%; P = 0.03) and severity of @entity99 (P(trend) = 0.01) than @entity1 without @entity6 . However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of @entity1 -Pugh class, MELD scores, the presence of @entity843 and esophageal varices. @entity1 with @entity6 had higher platelet counts than those without @entity6 (P(trend) = 0.003). In age and gender subgroup analyses, older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity6 had significantly greater evidence of @entity99 (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity6 (P = 0.03) and older age (P = 0.006) were independently related to @entity99 , whereas the association of gender was non-significant. CONCLUSION: Both @entity6 and older age are independently associated with @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: @entity6 and decompensated @entity82 : risk of XXXX in different age groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a prospective blinded randomised trial of local infiltration versus femoral @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing primary total knee replacement (TKR), in accordance with the CONSORT statement 2010. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 in a teaching hospital were consented for the study. The study arms were intraoperative local anaesthesia (150ml 0.2% @entity1342 /1ml 1:1000 adrenaline/30mg ketolorac) and femoral @entity616 (30ml 0.2% @entity1342 ) with a primary outcome of @entity158 score at 4h post operatively. Secondary outcomes were @entity158 at 2h, @entity158 scores before and after physiotherapy on day one, total opiate administered, time to physiotherapy goals and length of stay. Randomisation was by sealed envelope. The assessor was blinded and the @entity1 partially blinded to the intervention. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were excluded, eight before randomisation. The trial is complete. Forty @entity1 were analysed for the primary outcome measure. The local infiltration group had significantly lower @entity158 scores at 4h post-operatively; mean [SD] score 2.1 [2.6] versus 6.8 [3.2], p<0.00001 and on post-operative day one prior to physiotherapy; mean score 2.4 [2.3] versus 4.4 [2.3], p<0.05. Total opiate use was also significantly lower in the local infiltration group; mean total 115 [50.3]mg versus 176.5 [103.5]mg, p<0.01. There was no difference in any other outcome. There were no harms as a result of either intervention. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative local infiltration gives superior @entity158 relief compared to single shot femoral @entity616 over the first 24h following primary TKR and minimises post-operative opiate use.

title: XXXX control after primary total knee replacement. A prospective randomised controlled trial of local infiltration versus single shot femoral @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed Tomography (CT) scan without contrast is the modality of choice for diagnosis of @entity64 . However, routine brain CT scan, with linear processing has some limitations in early diagnosis of @entity385 . The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of processed CT images with conventional ones in early diagnosis of @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a self-controlled study conducted in a university referal hospital from 2010 to 2011. Seventy CT scans underwent a process using Laplacian Pyramid transform. Thirty five of @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1504 while others had only @entity10 and no @entity385 diagnosis based on the first and follow-up CT scans. A neuroradiologist made diagnosis with and without the help of processed CT scans. The McNemar and Wilcoxon analysis were used to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of two methods. RESULTS: The sensitivity (% 65.7 vs. %31.4, P value = 0.001), positive predictive value (% 85.2 vs. % 61, P value = 0.03) and negative predictive value (% 73.9% vs. %49, P value = 0.01) of the processed method were significantly higher than the routine one, while no difference was seen in specificity (% 88.6 vs. %77.1, P value = 0.15). Moreover, the accuracy of the processed method was significantly better than the linear one (P value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that nonlinear modified Laplacian Pyramid method can composed CT scans which can be more helpful in early detection of @entity385 .

title: A promising method of enhancement for early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular attack', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 is associated with impaired antioxidant defense, including abnormal serum, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress parameters. We performed a meta-analysis of these associations, considering the effect of clinical status and antipsychotic treatment after an acute exacerbation of @entity716 . METHODS: We identified articles by searching PubMed, PsychInfo, and Institute for Scientific Information, and the reference lists of identified studies. RESULTS: Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Total antioxidant status seemed to be a state marker, because levels were significantly decreased in cross-sectional studies of serum and plasma in first-episode @entity716 (FEP) and significantly increased in longitudinal studies of antipsychotic treatment for acute exacerbations of @entity716 (p < .01 for each). The RBC catalase and plasma @entity3542 seemed to be state-related markers, because levels in cross-sectional studies were significantly decreased in FEP (p < .01) and significantly increased in stable outpatients (p = .01). In contrast, RBC @entity224 dismutase seemed to be a trait marker for @entity161 , because levels in cross-sectional studies were significantly decreased in acutely relapsed inpatients, FEP, and stable outpatients (p < .01 for each). CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 in FEP suggest an effect that might be independent of antipsychotic medications. Although some parameters (total antioxidant status, RBC catalase, and plasma @entity3542 ) might be state markers for acute exacerbations of @entity716 , others (RBC @entity224 dismutase) might be trait markers; however, more longitudinal studies are needed. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress might serve as a potential biomarker in the etiopathophysiology and clinical course of @entity161 .

title: Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the variations of collagenase activity in exudates of @entity1 chronic wound before and after treatment of VAC so as to partly disclose the mechanisms of VAC in promoting chronic wound healing. METHODS: The exudates of acute wounds (postoperative breast cancer) were postoperatively collected at day 1, 2, 3, and in 6 chronic wounds (4 cases of @entity3179 , 2 cases of pressure sore) the exudates were also collected before and 2, 4, 6 days after the treatment with VAC. The type-III collagen degradation from the exudates was checked with zymography timepoint. The types of the collagenase in exudates were evaluated by using doxycycline inhibition. RESULTS: Drainage fluids from acute wound might @entity1413 partly with no changes at day 1, 2, 3. There were high collagenase activities in chronic wound exudates. Exudates from @entity1 before treatment with VAC can @entity1413 completely. But collagenase activities became less and less after VAC. @entity3403 inhibition tests indicated that it can't inhibit the activity of collagenase at 100 micromol/L concentration, until it reached 600 micromol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase activity is elevated in chronic wounds. VAC may be lower the collagenase activity, prevent collagen from degrading abundantly and promote wound healing. Collagenase is mainly @entity3334 type (fibroblast-type) in chronic wound exudates.

title: [Effect of vacuum assisted closure on collagenase activity in XXXX chronic wound].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcer']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['degrade type-III collagen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of environmental interventions and lifestyle management on respiratory symptoms, concurrent changes in @entity565 management and whether any observed health benefit could be attributed to these interventions. METHODS: A longitudinal single cohort pre-post study was conducted on @entity1 between 5   14 y with moderate to severe @entity565 in an outpatient clinic at Jamshedpur over 2 y. History was noted using the pre-intervention questionnaire covering a period of 3 mo prior to enrolment. @entity1 were followed for 6 mo post- intervention. A @entity565 ( @entity565 ) scale was made and statistical analysis such as Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Mcnemar   s test performed to validate the outcomes. Principal component analysis was performed to classify the @entity1 having no, mild and severe symptoms. RESULTS: There was significant reduction in symptoms and need for medical care post-intervention. Mean of the respiratory symptom score decreased from 7.4 to 2.4 (p   <   0.0001) and mean of the health care utilization score decreased from 4.1 to 1.7 (p   <   0.0004) in the wilcoxon rank sum tests. Mcnemar   s test was used for the analysis of individual item of the @entity565 symptoms. A significant reduction in wheeze and cough (p   <   0.001), slowing down physical activity (p   <   0.001), diurnal symptoms (p   <   0.000), school absence (p   <   0.000), rescue therapy requirement (p   <   0.1) and hospitalization (p   <   0.000) was seen. @entity4901 was used successfully to classify the @entity1 on the basis of their severity of @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms decreased significantly among @entity748 @entity1 following environmental interventions.

title: Environmental measures in domicilliary interventions of @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['CHAS', 'asthma', 'childhood asthma severity']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The stimulation of @entity413 transport is one of the early cellular responses to growth factors and is essential for cell proliferation, yet the molecular processes that underlie this response are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the low-molecular-mass G-proteins, Ras and Rho, and their downstream targets, @entity43698 protein kinase and @entity4357 3-kinase, in the regulation of @entity413 transport in @entity1238 oocytes by two distinct growth-factor receptors: the @entity42739 ( @entity42739 ) @entity669 kinase receptor and the heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid ( @entity4991 ) receptor. Microinjection of a neutralizing anti-Ras antibody partially blocked @entity42739 -stimulated @entity897 uptake but was without effect on @entity4991 -stimulated @entity897 uptake. In contrast, microinjection of the C3 coenzyme of botulinum toxin, which selectively @entity857 -ribosylates and inactivates Rho, inhibited @entity4991 -stimulated, but not @entity42739 -stimulated, @entity897 uptake. Similarly, @entity4991 - but not @entity42739 -stimulated @entity897 uptake was attenuated in oocytes expressing a dominant negative rho construct. Cells expressing a dominant negative mutant of @entity43698 protein kinase exhibited markedly reduced sensitivity to both @entity4991 and @entity42739 , consistent with a role for endogenous @entity43698 in @entity413 uptake by both growth factors. Furthermore, expression of a constitutively activated form of @entity43698 resulted in a growth-factor-independent increase in @entity897 uptake. Measurements of @entity4357 3-kinase activity in microinjected cells support the hypothesis that the @entity42739 receptor stimulates @entity413 transport by a Ras-dependent activation of @entity4357 3-kinase, whereas the G-protein-coupled @entity4991 receptor controls this response by a pathway that involves Rho-dependent activation of a distinct @entity4357 3-kinase. Thus we provide evidence for clear differences in the signalling pathways that control @entity413 transport by G-protein-coupled and @entity669 kinase growth-factor receptors. Furthermore this is the first demonstration that active Rho is involved in the signalling pathways that regulate @entity413 uptake in response to some growth factors.

title: Characterization of the intracellular signalling pathways that underlie growth-factor-stimulated @entity413 transport in XXXX oocytes: evidence for ras- and rho-dependent pathways of @entity4357 3-kinase activation.

entities_list: @entity42739 :: ('378699(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor I']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: @entity741 /reperfusion (I/R) induces inflammatory response that may lead to remote @entity1317 . Vagal nerve elicits the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by activating a7 nicotinic @entity934 receptors (a7nAChR). Nevertheless, the role of vagal nerve-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in the vasculature has not been studied previously. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential role of vagal stimulation (VNS) in regulating remote @entity1317 after myocardial I/R. Adult male @entity35 were subjected to VNS starting 15 min prior to @entity63 until the end of reperfusion. VNS not only reduced @entity1188 size and improved cardiac function, but also ameliorated myocardial I/R-induced dysfunctional vasoconstriction and vasodilatation and degradation of endothelial structure in mesenteric arteries. VNS decreased serum and vascular levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity3426 . Interestingly, in vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that VNS increased @entity1617 concentration in the mesenteric circulation. Furthermore, VNS up-regulated expressions of muscarinic ACh receptors-3 (M3AChR) and a7nAChR in mesenteric arteries. Preserved endothelial relaxations by VNS were inhibited by @entity3897 or @entity2512 , indicating that functional protection was associated with M3 and a7nAChR activation. Finally, VNS increased @entity12001 phosphorylation and inhibited @entity4026 activation in mesenteric arteries, and these effects were abolished by a7nAChR shRNA treatment, indicating VNS-mediated anti-inflammatory effect mainly involved a7nAChR. These results demonstrated for the first time that VNS protected against remote @entity455 , through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway which is dependent on a7nAChR. Our findings represent a significant addition to the understanding of vagal nerve-mediated pathways and the potential roles they play in regulating the vasculature.

title: Vagal stimulation triggers peripheral vascular protection through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in a @entity35 model of XXXX /reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2512 :: ('MESH:C054634', 'Chemical') :: ['methyllycaconitine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Currently, @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). With this approach, the majority of @entity1 still die of their disease because of both treatment-related mortality and relapse. Recently, monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates have been developed which potentially may increase the efficacy of treatment and decrease morbidity and mortality by specifically targeting the malignant cell. Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies have shown only moderate activity. A second, more effective, approach involves antibody conjugation with radioactive particles or chemotherapeutic agents, such as, immunotoxins, targeted delivery of cell killing. The antigens @entity1116 , @entity1195 , and CD66, are three antigens to which monoclonal antibodies have been directed. Most experience has been with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) which is an immunoconjugate of an anti- @entity1116 antibody chemically linked to a potent cytotoxic agent, @entity10316 . Gemtuzumab ozogamicin appears to be particularly active in @entity1 with @entity2799 , possibly related to the high expression of the @entity1116 antigen on the cell surface. Although @entity24098 has activity as a single agent, the most promising result may be seen when this agent is combined with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Preliminary studies have suggested a high complete remission rate and randomized clinical trials are underway. A unique potential @entity137 has been identified, @entity5885 or @entity5501 which may be problematic among @entity1 who subsequently undergo HSCT. An additional strategy includes radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies to intensify the conditioning regimen prior to HSCT. The most promising results have been obtained with radiolabeled anti- @entity1195 antibodies.

title: Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24098 :: ('MESH:C406061', 'Chemical') :: ['gemtuzumab ozogamicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity10316 :: ('CHEBI:64068', 'Chemical') :: ['calicheamicin']

entities_list: @entity5885 :: ('MESH:D011668', 'Disease') :: ['namely venoocclusive disease']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal obstructive syndrome']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK)/dendritic cell (DC)-CIK-mediated immunotherapy is widely used to treat @entity356 . However, limited information regarding clinical trials on CIK/DC-CIK therapy is available. Therefore, systemic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy is necessary. METHODS: A meta-analysis involving 1735 @entity1 with @entity356 was conducted. Before analysis, the study quality and heterogeneity were evaluated. The effects of chemotherapy combined with CIK/DC-CIK on @entity356 were compared with the effects observed when chemotherapy alone was used. Pooled analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.2 from random or fixed-effect models. RESULTS: Seventeen trials were included. First, the analysis showed that the combination therapy significantly increased the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate compared with those in @entity1 treated using chemotherapy alone. The overall response rate (P   =   0.002), disease control rate (P   =   0.0007), and quality of life improved rate (P   =   0.0008) were significantly improved in @entity1 who received combined treatment than in @entity1 who received chemotherapy alone. Second, the percentage of lymphocyte subsets (CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD3(-)CD56(+), CD3(+)CD56(+); P   <0.01) and the levels of interleukin-12 and interferon-y, which reflect immune function, were significantly increased (P   <0.05) after the CIK/DC-CIK therapy. Further, @entity1735 antigen tumor markers were significantly reduced compared with the pre-therapy levels. Immunotherapy with CIK/DC-CIK obviously alleviated the adverse events caused by chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The combination of CIK/DC-CIK therapy and chemotherapy was superior in prolonging the survival time, enhancing immune function and alleviating the adverse events caused by chemotherapy.

title: Effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer cell /dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for treatment of XXXX in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: In the context of @entity788 , @entity3 remains the most critical determinant of resectability, and hence survival. The objective of this study was to determine whether Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a role in @entity788 and @entity3 because this is likely to have profound clinical implications. In @entity788 cell lines, Hh inhibition with @entity5050 resulted in down-regulation of snail and up-regulation of @entity5962 , consistent with inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and was mirrored by a striking reduction of in vitro invasive capacity (P < 0.0001). Conversely, @entity8889 overexpression in immortalized @entity1 pancreatic ductal epithelial cells led to a markedly invasive phenotype (P < 0.0001) and near total down-regulation of @entity5962 . In an orthotopic xenograft model, @entity5050 profoundly inhibited metastatic spread; only one of seven @entity5050 -treated @entity19 developed pulmonary micrometastases versus seven of seven @entity19 with multiple macrometastases in control animals. Combination of @entity136 and @entity5050 completely abrogated @entity3 while also significantly reducing the size of "primary" @entity5 . @entity8889 levels were up-regulated in tissue samples of metastatic @entity1 @entity788 samples compared with matched @entity5 . @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) overexpression is characteristic for both hematopoietic progenitors and leukemic stem cells; @entity5050 preferentially reduced "ALDH-high" cells by approximately 3-fold (P = 0.048). We confirm pharmacologic Hh pathway inhibition as a valid therapeutic strategy for @entity788 and show for the first time its particular efficacy against metastatic spread. By targeting specific cellular subpopulations likely involved in @entity5 initiation at metastatic sites, Hh inhibitors may provide a new paradigm for therapy of disseminated @entity5 , particularly when used in combination with conventional antimetabolites that reduce "bulk" @entity5 size.

title: Blockade of hedgehog signaling inhibits @entity788 and @entity3 : a new paradigm for combination therapy in solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer invasion', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of the clinical study efficacy and feasibility of one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360   interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation in treating @entity3083 . METHOD: A total of 21 @entity1 with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) collected from January 2004 to January 2010, underwent one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360   interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation. In addition, the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the data on the lumbo-sacral angle, neuro-logical status that was recorded by American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 (CRP), which were collected at specific time points. RESULTS: All cases were followed up for 16-36 months (average 24.9    6.44 months). 18 @entity1 suffered from evident @entity51 preoperatively, of which 16 @entity1 returned to normal at the final follow-up. Two @entity1 with @entity51 aggravated postoperative, experienced significant partial neurological recovery. With an effective and standard anti- @entity378 chemotherapy treated, the values of ESR and CRP returned to normal levels 3-month later postoperative and maintained till the final follow-up. Preoperative lumbosacral angle was 20.89    2.32   and returned 29.62    1.41   postoperative. During long-term follow-up, there was only 1-3   lumbosacral angle loss. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative lumbosacral angles. CONCLUSION: With effective and standard anti- @entity378 chemotherapy, one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360   interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation for @entity378 can effectively relieve @entity158 symptoms, improve neurological function, and reconstruct the spinal stability.

title: One-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360   interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate early response to two different corticosteroids doses after Kasai portoenterostomy for @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ). METHODS: A prospective, randomized trial was performed in @entity1 from the nationwide @entity2876 registry with type 3 @entity2876 . Sixty-nine @entity1 were randomized to receive either 4 mg/kg/day (group A, n = 35) or 2 mg/kg/day @entity617 (group B, n = 34). The corticosteroids were started on postoperative day 7, and the dose was tapered toward day 30. Results of liver function tests on days 31 and 60 were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Mean @entity648 , @entity6571 , ALT, and GGT levels did not significantly differ between the groups. However, the levels of total and direct @entity648 of @entity1 <70 days old at surgery significantly differed between the groups. Four @entity1 from group A and five from group B, dropped out of the study. Complications during the first month after PE were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: An initial 4 mg/kg/day dose did not significantly improve liver function, except that @entity648 levels were lower in the subgroup of @entity1 <70 days old at surgery. There were no significant complications with either dose of @entity288 .

title: Multicenter randomized trial of postoperative corticosteroid therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine if UV-B enhances light scattering after proteolysis of crystallins by calpains, and to determine if lens-specific calpain @entity12991 is involved, along with m-calpain, in the mechanism of in vitro precipitation. Lens soluble proteins from young @entity35 were hydrolyzed for 24 hr by endogenous lens calpains, and the proteins were further incubated for up to 7 days with periodic irradiation by UV-B. Light scattering was measured daily at 405 nm. @entity214 -PAGE and immunoblotting assessed proteolysis of crystallins, activation of calpains, and formation of high molecular @entity353 . Appreciable light scattering occurred in lens soluble proteins after proteolysis of crystallins by m-calpain and @entity12991 . UV-B markedly enhanced this light scattering and the formation of higher molecular weight aggregates consisting of proteolyzed alpha- and beta- and intact gamma-crystallins. Calpain inhibitor E64 and antioxidants DTE or @entity2197 prevented the light scattering. These results show that calpain-induced light scattering is enhanced by the natural oxidant UV-B. Activation of @entity12991 , along with m-calpain, contributed to the light scattering. The linkage between proteolysis and oxidation is important because both oxidation and truncation of crystallins are found in aged @entity1 lenses, which are constantly exposed to UV irradiation.

title: Calpain-induced light scattering in young XXXX lenses is enhanced by UV-B.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight aggregations']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA gel) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) have been used to treat @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in clinical practice owing to their chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the treatment effects of the cHA gel pre-mixed with/without @entity9170 in a surgery-induced @entity571 model in @entity35 . Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery was performed on the right knee of @entity35 to induce @entity571 . Male 2-month-old @entity35 were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/per group): (1) ACLT + saline; (2) ACLT + cHA gel; (3) ACLT + cHA- @entity9170 (0.2 mg/mL) gel; (4) ACLT + cHA- @entity9170 (0.5 mg/mL) gel; (5) Sham + saline. Intra-joint injections were performed four weeks after ACLT in the right knee. All animals were euthanized at 12 weeks post-surgery. Cartilage damage and changes in the synovial membrane were assessed by micro X- @entity16039 , Indian ink articular surface staining, Safranin-O/Fast Green staining, immunohistochemistry, @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining of the synovial membrane, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for changes in gene expression. Micro X- @entity16039 revealed that the knee joint treated with the cHA- @entity9170 gel was wider than those treated with cHA gel alone or saline. The cHA- @entity9170 gel group had less Indian ink staining (indicator of @entity955 ) than the cHA gel or saline injection groups. Safranin-O/Fast Green staining indicated that increased proteoglycan staining and less @entity16 were found in the cHA- @entity9170 gel group compared with the cHA gel or saline injection groups. Quantification of histology findings from saline, cHA gel, cHA- @entity9170 (0.2 mg/mL) gel, cHA- @entity9170 (0.5 mg/mL) gel, and sham groups were 5.84    0.29, 4.50    0.87, 3.00    1.00, 2.00    0.48, and 0.30    0.58 (p < 0.05), respectively. A strong staining of type II collagen was found in both the cHA- @entity9170 gel groups compared with saline group or cHA alone group. Similar result was found for the mRNA level of aggrecan and opposite result for type X collagen. Hematoxylin and @entity1711 staining in the synovial membrane showed less synovial lining cell layers and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in cHA- @entity9170 gel-treated animals compared with saline or cHA only groups. Altogether, cHA- @entity9170 gel has better chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in @entity35 surgery-induced @entity571 than cHA alone.

title: Intra-Articular Injection of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid- XXXX Hydrogel Attenuates @entity571 : An Experimental Study in a @entity35 Model of @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 is a relatively common @entity5 . Recently, the presence of the @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) was identified as a molecular target in a proportion of @entity1 who benefited from the addition of appropriate anti- @entity1722 treatments. Our study explored the clinical and prognostic role of known HER family members, @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 1 ( @entity470 or @entity470 ), @entity1722 , @entity7514 and @entity12251 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) @entity5 tissue samples from 249 @entity356 @entity1 were studied by immunohistochemistry for protein expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 , @entity7514 and @entity12251 . RESULTS: Of the 249 evaluable @entity1 , 32 did not have complete data of treatment details and/or follow-up and were excluded from the survival analyses. Of the 217 @entity1 with complete treatment and follow-up data, 178 were operated and treated for @entity66 (group 1), while 39 for @entity1442 (group 2). The frequency of positive @entity470 , @entity1722 , @entity7514 and @entity12251 protein expression in all @entity1 was 17.5%, 11.8%, 14.8% and 32.9%, respectively. There were no differences in protein expression of any of the markers between the two groups. There were, however, statistically significant associations between @entity12251 and all other HER family members, as well as between @entity1722 and @entity7514 expression. Of note, @entity470 -positive membranous protein expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.027) and @entity7514 and @entity12251 negative cytoplasmic protein expression with well/moderately-differentiated @entity5 (p=0.030 and p=0.014, respectively). None of the HER family members were of prognostic value for @entity3012 in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed the known protein expression frequencies of HER family members in @entity356 in a Greek population. Several associations were observed among the HER family members and between clinicopathological characteristics and HER family members. Further research is needed on their exact prognostic role, as well as their therapeutic targeting.

title: HER Family Protein Expression in a Greek Population with XXXX . A Retrospective Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric cancer', 'gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: This study retrospectively analysed treatment modalities and outcomes in 63 cases of high grade @entity7026 (Spetzler-Martin's classification grade IV 51, @entity5184 ) who were admitted to this institute between January 1986 and April 1998. Twenty-seven of 37 cases with @entity548 onset received surgical resection with or without @entity7441 . Total extirpation was achieved in 23 cases, and small residual nidus was treated by postoperative radiosurgery in two of four subtotally resected cases. Another 6 of 37 @entity548 cases received radiosurgery with or without preradiosurgical embolisation. Four cases with @entity548 onset received partial embolisation. Finally, 29 of 37 @entity548 cases obtained complete disappearance of nidus. On the other hand, 4 of 26 non- @entity548 cases received surgical total resection, 5 radiosurgery, 9 partial embolisation and 8 observation without treatment. Microsurgical morbidity was 9% and mortality was 0%. Post-treatment @entity548 was seen in 11 cases (1 after subtotal resection, 4 after radiosurgery, 6 after partial embolisation) and was fatal in 3 cases. Surgical resection can be achieved with acceptable morbidity, and complete obliteration of nidus should be accomplished in any treatment modality to avoid post-treatment @entity548 .

title: Resectability of Spetzler-Martin grade IV and V XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['pre-operative embolisation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhagic']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: @entity3068 or @entity3068 is a chronic @entity1944 caused by @entity3069 . @entity3068 , which continues to spread in agricultural species. Control of @entity3068 is challenging and should not be underestimated. Due to the long incubation period of the @entity281 , disease is largely subclinical in domesticated livestock. Hence, direct effects on animal productivity and welfare are often masked and may appear insufficient to justify large investments in control programmes by individual farmers, livestock industries or governments. Furthermore, in some countries the main effects of the disease are indirect, resulting from the impact of market discrimination against herds and flocks known to be infected, or from the control measures enforced to reduce transmission. In such circumstances, producers may be unwilling to co-operate with surveillance that may detect @entity281 in herds or flocks. As control programmes are rarely successful in eliminating the @entity281 from a herd or flock in the short term without an aggressive and costly programme, financial and community support assists producers to deal with the challenge. Successful prevention and control depends on @entity4409 authorities and livestock industries acquiring a good understanding of the nature and epidemiology of @entity281 , and of the application of tools for diagnosis and control. Building support for control programmes under the leadership of the affected livestock industries is critical, as programmes are unlikely to be successful without ongoing political will, supported by funding for research, surveillance and control.

title: Control of @entity3069 . XXXX in agricultural species.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculosis', 'paratuberculosis', "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently our group developed a unified intensity-modulated arc therapy (UIMAT) technique which allows for the simultaneous inverse-optimization and the combined delivery of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric benefits of UIMAT plans for radiation treatment of @entity135 cases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective treatment planning study was performed on 30 head-and-neck cases, 15 of which were treated clinically with @entity34 while the other 15 were treated with step-and-shoot IMRT. These cases were re-planned using our UIMAT technique and the results were compared with the clinically delivered plans. Plans were assessed in terms of clinically relevant metrics describing target volume coverage, dose conformity, and the sparing of organs at risk. RESULTS: When compared to stand-alone @entity34 or IMRT, UIMAT plans offered slightly better @entity5 volume coverage (Median D95: 98.1% vs. 97.5%, p=0.01) and similar dose conformity (Median CI: 0.69 vs. 0.69, p=0.09). More significantly, UIMAT plans had substantially lower doses to all organs at risk, including the spinal cord (Median D2%: 29.9Gy vs. 35.6Gy, p<0.01), brainstem (Median D2%: 21.2Gy vs. 25.6Gy, p<0.01), left parotid (Median DMean: 26.1Gy vs. 28.0Gy, p<0.01), and right parotid (Median DMean: 23.6Gy vs. 27.2Gy, p<0.01). The reduction in OAR doses did not result from the redistribution of dose to unspecified tissue. Furthermore, UIMAT plans can be delivered with comparable delivery times to @entity34 (Median time: 135s vs. 138s, p=0.394) but with fewer monitor units (Median MU: 486 vs. 635, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to stand-alone IMRT or @entity34 , UIMAT was demonstrated to have a dosimetric advantage for the radiation treatment of @entity135 .

title: Evaluation of unified intensity-modulated arc therapy for the radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['complex head-and-neck cancer', 'head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['volume-modulated arc therapy', 'VMAT']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the efficacy of golimumab on severe and frequent recurrent @entity6990 in @entity1 with @entity1530 -positive @entity1691 . In this study, 15 eyes of 12 @entity1530 -positive @entity5427 @entity1 with resistant @entity6990 who received 50  mg of subcutaneous golimumab (Gol) per month due to frequent @entity1596 recurrences were analyzed retrospectively between May 2013 and October 2015. Assessment criteria were @entity1596 activity, the number of recurrence of @entity1596 , visual acuity, systemic corticosteroid, or other drug requirement for maintenance of remission of @entity10058 . Twelve @entity1 (15 eyes) with @entity1530 -positive @entity1691 and @entity6990 have been treated with golimumab 50  mg/month. Remission of @entity1596 was observed in 12 eyes out of 15. Malign @entity101 developed in one subject after the second dose of golimumab therefore the treatment was stopped and this subject was excluded from the study. Median follow-up time was 11  months (interquartile range: 8-18). No uveitic reaction was seen except in the @entity1 who stopped treatment. No topical or systemic @entity479 necessity was needed except in two cases with oral 4  mg systemic maintenance. Visual acuity was significantly increased (p  =  0.002). Golimumab may be a new and effective choice for maintaining remission and the prevention of recurrences of severe, resistant @entity6990 in @entity1 with @entity1530 -positive @entity1691 .

title: Efficacy of golimumab on recurrent XXXX in @entity1530 -positive @entity1691 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Acute stress is known to induce a state of hypervigilance, allowing optimal detection of threats. Although one may benefit from sensitive sensory processing, it comes at the cost of unselective attention and increased distraction by irrelevant information. @entity288 , released in response to stress, have been shown to profoundly influence brain function in a time-dependent manner, causing rapid non-genomic and slow genomic effects. Here, we investigated how these time-dependent effects influence the neural mechanisms underlying selective attention and the inhibition of emotional distracters in @entity1 . Implementing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 65 young healthy @entity1 received 10 mg @entity701 either 60 min (rapid effects) or 270 min (slow effects), or placebo prior to an emotional distraction task, consisting of color-naming of either neutral or aversive words. Overall, @entity1 responded slower to aversive compared to neutral words, indicating emotional interference with selective attention. Importantly, the rapid effects of @entity288 increased emotional interference, which was associated with reduced amygdala inhibition to aversive words. Moreover, they induced enhanced amygdala connectivity with frontoparietal brain regions, which may reflect increased influence of the amygdala on an executive network. The slow effects of @entity288 acted on the neural correlates of sustained attention. They decreased overall activity in the cuneus, possibly indicating reduced bottom-up attentional processing, and disrupted amygdala connectivity to the insula, potentially reducing emotional interference. Altogether, these data suggest a time-specific corticosteroid modulation of attentive processing. Whereas high circulating @entity228 levels acutely increase emotional interference, possibly facilitating the detection of threats, a history of elevation might promote sustained attention and thereby contribute to stress-recovery of cognitive function.

title: Time-dependent effects of XXXX on selective attention and emotional interference: a functional MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity363 is the second cause of @entity281 in the USA. Clinical treatment of @entity5132 @entity281 is routinely performed with @entity12365 and @entity5638 derivatives. However, these drugs are responsible for undesirable side effects and @entity137 . In addition, @entity5132 azole and @entity5637 resistance has been described. Propolis is a @entity5157 product traditionally used due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate different propolis presentations in order to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo efficacy. The methodologies involved antifungal evaluation, chemical analysis, and the effects of the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of propolis based gels. The obtained results demonstrated the fungicide action of propolis extracts against all three morphotypes ( @entity375 , pseudohyphae, and hyphae) studied. The highest level of @entity137 was reached at 6-8 hours of propolis cell incubation. Among the based gel formulations developed, the rheological and mucoadhesive results suggest that propolis based @entity16313 (CP1%) and chitosan gels were the most pseudoplastic ones. CP1% was the most mucoadhesive preparation, and all of them presented low thixotropy. Results of in vivo efficacy demonstrated that propolis based gels present antifungal action similar to @entity1449 cream, suggesting that future clinical studies should be performed.

title: Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Gels with Propolis (EPP-AF) in Preclinical Treatment of Candidiasis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'fungal cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'vaginal infection']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Vulvovaginal Infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity400 (ET) is one of the commonest @entity717 though the prevalence varies globally. There is paucity of data on ET prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of ET in a Nigerian community. METHODS: This door-to-door survey was conducted in two stages. In Stage 1, 3000 randomly selected residents of an urban centre in Lagos, Nigeria, were screened using a questionnaire to detect symptoms of @entity717 . 234 @entity1 who responded positively regarding presence of @entity400 were rescreened using an ET-specific questionnaire, a face-to-face interview and neurological examination. Diagnosis of ET was based on the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) consensus diagnostic criteria for ET. RESULTS: Of the 3000 @entity1 , forty responded positively to the ET screening questionnaire, of which 36 (19 females and 17 males) had a final diagnosis of ET, giving a crude prevalence of 12 per 1000 (95% CI = 8.1- 15.9). Gender specific prevalence was 10.3 /1000 in males and 14.3/1000 in females. Age specific prevalence increased with advancing age in both sexes. Age adjusted prevalence (WHO New world population) was 23.8 per 1000. CONCLUSIONS: We documented a high prevalence of ET in this study, with typical increasing prevalence with advancing age as previously reported in other populations.

title: Prevalence of essential XXXX in urban Lagos, Nigeria: a door-to-door community-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'movement disorders', 'MDS', 'Movement Disorders Society']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor', 'tremors']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is associated with serum antibodies directed specifically against @entity2383 highly enriched in the heavy neurofilament protein @entity43731 of cholinergic neurons. Prolonged immunization of @entity35 with these molecules but not with other @entity43731 isoforms results in @entity73 . This animal model, termed @entity792 ( @entity792 ), supports a role for such antibodies in @entity179 in @entity195 . In the present study we investigated the cellular and immunological mechanisms underlying the @entity73 in @entity792 . Immunohistochemical studies revealed that IgG accumulate in the septum, hippocampus and in the entorhinal cortex of the @entity792 @entity35 . This is accompanied by a marked reduction in the density of septal cholinergic neurons. An inverse correlation was observed between the level of IgG in the septum of individual @entity792 @entity35 and the density of their septal cholinergic neurons. Time course studies revealed that the decrease in the density of cholinergic neurons in the septum of @entity792 @entity35 and the accumulation of IgG in this brain area have the same time course and are both significant by three to four months following the initiation of immunization with cholinergic @entity43731 . The @entity73 of the @entity792 @entity35 evolve more slowly and are pronounced only after six months following the initation of immunization. In vitro studies revealed that anti @entity43731 IgG bind to the outer surface of neurons in tissue cultures of @entity35 forebrain and can affect neuronal viability. These @entity195 and in vitro findings provide model systems for studying the mechanisms underlying the neuropathological effects of specific anti @entity43731 antibodies.

title: Animal model and in vitro studies of anti neurofilament antibodies mediated @entity179 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defects', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['experimental autoimmune dementia', 'EAD']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['phosphorylated epitopes']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: AIM: The objective of the present study was to examine pock forming ability of field strain and vaccine strain of fowl pox virus ( @entity17249 ) in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated @entity1573 eggs and its adaptation in @entity1573 embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dry scabs were collected from 25 affected birds in glycerin-saline and preserved at 4  C until processed. Virus was isolated in 10-day-old embryonated @entity1573 eggs by dropped CAM method. The identity of the virus is confirmed by clinical findings of affected birds, pock morphology and histopathology of infected CAM. In addition one field isolate and vaccine strain of @entity17249 was adapted to CEF cell culture. CEF cell culture was prepared from 9-day-old embryonated @entity1573 eggs. RESULT: Clinical symptoms observed in affected birds include pox lesion on comb, wattle, eyelids and legs, no internal lesions were observed. All field isolates produced similar findings in CAM. Pocks produced by field isolates ranged from 3 mm to 5 mm at the third passage while initial passages @entity39 was observed. Pocks formed by lyophilized strain were ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter scattered all over the membrane at the first passage. Intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found on histopathology of CAM. At third passage level, the CEF inoculated with @entity17249 showed characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) included aggregation of cells, syncytia and plaque formation. CONCLUSION: @entity17249 field isolates and vaccine strain produced distinct pock lesions on CAMs. Infected CAM showed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The CEF inoculated with @entity17249 field isolate as well as a vaccine strain showed characteristic CPE at third passage level.

title: Pock forming ability of fowl pox virus isolated from layer @entity1573 and its adaptation in XXXX embryo fibroblast cell culture.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['edematous thickening and necrosis of CAM']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the effect of interruption of the stylomastoid artery and the petrosal artery on the facial nerve blood flow with the use of a laser Doppler flowmeter. BACKGROUND: @entity63 of the facial nerve is thought to be one of the most possible causes in @entity3541 . The blood supply in the facial nerve has been studied morphologically in considerable detail; however, we have little information on its hemodynamics. METHODS: The animals used were 20 @entity840 . The blood flow in the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion was measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and the change in the facial nerve blood flow between before and after interruption of the stylomastoid artery and the petrosal artery was investigated. The interruption of both arteries was carried out by electrical cauterization with a @entity162 . RESULTS: Interruption of the petrosal artery resulted in almost complete @entity63 of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. This decrease in the facial nerve blood flow was significant statistically (p < 0.001). But, interruption of the stylomastoid artery caused no change. CONCLUSIONS: The blood flow in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve is thought to come not from the stylomastoid artery but mainly from the petrosal artery. @entity1897 following ligation of the middle meningeal artery or embolization of the maxillary artery or intra-arterial infusion of anticancer drug into the maxillary artery is likely to be attributed to facial nerve @entity63 at the level of the geniculate ganglion.

title: Intratemporal facial nerve blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulator']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic facial palsy']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: While @entity2743 is the most common cause of enlarged extraocular muscles, other disorders may masquerade as @entity6875 . The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 60 @entity1 with nonthyroid enlarged extraocular muscles to establish the differential radiographic features of these disorders. The diseases were classified as primary or local invasion of @entity5 (26%), inflammatory (25%), @entity3 (20%), vascular (13%), @entity281 (12%), and @entity2012 (3%). The inflammatory cases demonstrated more bilateral involvement (40%) and less involvement of the tendons (47%) than previously appreciated. The relatively high incidence of these features in the inflammatory group is important because both features have been considered pathognomonic for @entity2743 . Primary and @entity3 produced a nodular @entity121 with sharp borders and frequent bone changes. Certain @entity5 showed a predilection for certain muscle groups. Vascular cases involved multiple unilateral muscles and usually enlarged the superior ophthalmic vein. Infectious cases usually demonstrated fusiform @entity121 with @entity3067 , whereas @entity2012 caused moderate enlargement of all recti. Although certain diagnosis-specific radiographic patterns are described, no feature is pathognomonic for any disorder.

title: Computed tomographic features of nonthyroid extraocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['blurred margins']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['dysthyroid orbitopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle enlargement']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle enlargement']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the safety of chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization by way of the cystic artery in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) supplied exclusively by the cystic artery. METHODS: Between Jan 2002 and Dec 2011, we performed chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil for the treatment of 27 @entity1 with @entity157 supplied exclusively by the cystic artery. Computed tomography (CT) scans, digital subtraction angiograms, and medical records were retrospectively reviewed by consensus. RESULTS: The cystic artery originated from the main right hepatic artery in 24 (89 %) @entity1 , from the right anterior hepatic artery in 2 (7 %) @entity1 , and from the left hepatic artery in 1 (4 %) @entity1 . Selective catheterization of the cystic artery was achieved in all @entity1 . Superselection of tumor-feeding vessels from the cystic artery was achieved in 7 @entity1 (26 %). Chemotherapeutic infusion was performed in 18 @entity1 (67 %), and chemoembolization was performed in 9 @entity1 (33 %). There were no major @entity532 and only 2 minor @entity532 , including @entity907 and @entity390 with @entity391 . @entity5 response supplied exclusively by the cystic artery at the follow-up enhanced CT scan were complete response (n = 16), partial response (n = 3), and stable disease (n = 8). CONCLUSION: @entity157 supplied exclusively by the cystic artery can be safely treated without severe @entity532 by chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil through the cystic artery.

title: Safety of chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization for XXXX supplied exclusively by the cystic artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Individual tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: This case report of severe @entity2521 concerns a young male @entity1 with chronic @entity1398 seen between 1981 and 1983 by the School of Dental Medicine of Geneva and from 1984 to 1988 by the Eastman Dental Hospital of London. The @entity1 was maintained by intermittent systemic antibiotics, subgingival @entity1216 irrigation, conventional debridement, brushing, and wire-mesh and composite splinting of loose teeth. After leaving school, at the @entity1 's express wish, the extreme downhill pattern of the @entity2521 resulted in removal of affected teeth and overdenture construction. The extracted teeth and associated soft tissues were examined for relevant plaque and host response features. The intact morphotypes associated with the advancing front of the lesion were invariably Gram-negative or positive coccoid cells, or less commonly short rods, as in all documented forms of periodotitis. Connective tissue destruction was associated with a leucocyte accumulation comprising mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and plasma cells. Both were observed degenerated more deeply than in routine @entity7278 , including PMN lysosome loss and lymphocyte maturation within peripheral blood vessels. Only in one instance, one part of the superficial connective tissue of one block contained bacteria. It was concluded that the features of @entity75 suggest a typical first line of defence response as in other forms of @entity2521 . From the consideration of the 10 years clinical history of the @entity1 , it is clear that non-surgical management is possible even in extreme cases, without any compromise of the @entity1 's oral or systemic health, and in accord with the @entity1 's wishes.

title: A case report of chronic XXXX : clinical and ultrastructural findings.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plaque and the lesion']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy (PN) has traditionally been the treatment of choice for central @entity2 for which the alternative is sleeve lobectomy (SL). The aim of this study was to compare early and long-term results after SL and PN in focusing on T3 central @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent SL (n=58) or PN (n=42) were retrospectively analyzed. For bias reduction, these 100 @entity1 had been selected according to the following criteria: (I) @entity5 located in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina; (II) there were no N2 disease; (III) no induction therapy was applied; (IV) complete resection (R0) was achieved. RESULTS: SL and PN @entity1 had comparable mean ages, gender distribution, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), stage and @entity5 grade. Postoperative mortality (3.4% vs. 4.8%, P=1.0) and morbidity (41% vs. 38%, P=0.74) were similar between the two groups. Recurrences occurred in 48% of @entity1 after SL and in 31% of those after PN (P=0.08). The 5-year survival after SL (64.8%) and PN (61.4%) was not significantly different (P=0.20). Multivariable survival analysis showed that there were no independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: SL does not compromise survival for @entity1149 with @entity6220 compared with PN. It is an adequate oncologic resection and should be treated as the first line intervention whenever complete resection can be achieved.

title: For XXXX with @entity6220 , sleeve lobectomy or pneumonectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['T3 central disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of sex-related differences in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for high-risk @entity1 with severe @entity472 . BACKGROUND: Although TAVI is becoming a mature technique, the impact of sex differences remains unclear. METHODS: The TAVI @entity1 were included prospectively in a dedicated database from October 2006. The proportion of @entity1 (n = 131) was similar to that of @entity1 (n = 129). The Edwards valve (85.4%) and CoreValve (14.6%) were used through the transfemoral (65.0%), subclavian (3.1%), or transapical (31.9%) approach. All events were defined according to Valve @entity4207 criteria. RESULTS: Age was similar (83.1    6.3 years), but @entity1 had less coronary and peripheral disease, less previous cardiac surgery, higher ejection fraction, and lower EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation [22.3    9.0% vs. 26.2    13.0%, p = 0.005]). Minimal femoral size (7.74    1.03 mm vs. 8.55    1.34 mm, p < 0.001), annulus size (20.9    1.4 vs. 22.9    1.7 mm, p < 0.001), and valve size (23.9    1.6 mm vs. 26.3    1.5 mm, p < 0.001) were smaller in @entity1 . Device success was similar (90.8% vs. 88.4%, p = 0.516) despite more frequent iliac complications (9.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.030). Residual mean aortic pressure gradient (11.6    4.9 vs. 10.9    4.9, p = 0.279) was also similar. The 1-year survival rate was higher for @entity1 , 76% (95% confidence interval: 72% to 80%), than for @entity1 , 65% (95% confidence interval: 60% to 69%); and male sex (hazard ratio: 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 2.53, p = 0.037) was identified as a predictor of midterm mortality by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is associated with better baseline clinical characteristics and improved survival, and is identified as a predictor of midterm survival after TAVI.

title: Sex-related differences in clinical presentation and outcome of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Research Consortium']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A seventy-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital under suspicion of an adrenal @entity699 . Initial laboratory values showed elevated @entity701 (834 nmol/l; normal: 180-640) which could not be suppressed after administration of 2 mg @entity619 (632 nmol/l). Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a 19 x 34 mm mass in the region of the left adrenal gland. INVESTIGATIONS: ACTH levels were normal (42 ng/ml; 17-52). Serum @entity701 remained high at 1021 nmol/l after administration of 8 mg @entity619 . Four more doses of 2 mg @entity619 were applied on 3 consecutive days, leading to a mild suppression of serum @entity701 to 705 nmol/l, with urine @entity701 levels dropping from 1915 to 101 nmol/l/24 h. The @entity6192 -test produced a rise of serum @entity701 from 895 to 1475 nmol, with ACTH rising from 42 to 68 pg/ml, a laboratory constellation consistent with the diagnosis of centrally located @entity699 ( @entity699 ). MRI failed to show an @entity977 so that @entity50 petrosus sampling was done to confirm the diagnosis (ACTH central/peripheral 7:1; normal range < 2:1). TREATMENT AND COURSE: Serum @entity701 rose to 1070 nmol/l and the @entity1 developed @entity55 and contracted @entity4013 . Prior to surgery we lowered the excessive @entity701 levels with @entity4671 and successfully treated the @entity55 with antibiotics. Postoperatively clinical symptoms of @entity699 disappeared. The @entity1 now presented with total insufficiency of the anterior pituitary. CONCLUSION: Exact hormone testing that may involve @entity50 petrosus sampling is necessary in diagnosing @entity699 . Even if radiological procedures cannot show an @entity977 , transsphenoidal resection should be considered. @entity4671 can lower excessive @entity701 levels in seriously ill @entity1 .

title: [Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy of a @entity1 with an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma and an "empty sella" after pretreatment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushings's syndrome", "Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the pituitary', 'adenoma of the pituitary gland']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to demonstrate the usefulness of a method of regional anesthesia for circular stapler anopexy for prolapsing @entity6713 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 consented to stapled anopexy under perianal local anesthesia. Eighteen @entity1 with stapled anopexy under general anesthesia were controls. The perianal block was applied with 40 ml of @entity1342 , 4.75 mg/ml, injected immediately peripheral to the external sphincter. A @entity616 with 15 ml of @entity1342 , 2 mg/ml, was added after applying the pursestring suture. @entity282 was rated by the @entity1 for 14 days by using a ten-point visual analogue scale. @entity1 also submitted a preoperative and postoperative (3-6 months) symptom questionnaire to rate anal symptoms. RESULTS: No operation was converted to general anesthesia. Operation time was similar in both groups. All @entity1 in the local anesthesia group were @entity158 free at discharge. The sums of @entity158 scores during 14 days for daily average @entity158 and @entity158 were similar in both groups (average @entity158 23 (local anesthesia) vs. 35 (general anesthesia); @entity158 39 (local anesthesia) vs. 50 (general anesthesia); P>0.05). The preoperative symptom scores were 7.8 (local anesthesia) vs. 8.9 (general anesthesia) points, and the follow-up scores were 2.2 (local anesthesia) and 2.7 (general anesthesia), a significant improvement (P=0.001) in both groups but not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A perianal @entity616 is easy to apply and has a high degree of acceptance among @entity1 . The operation time, @entity282 , and success rates of the operation equaled those of stapled anopexy performed under general anesthesia. The advantages are quicker turnover between cases and simpler management of @entity158 -free postoperative @entity1 in day surgery.

title: Perianal XXXX for stapled anopexy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peak pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal block', 'local block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['local block']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sensory features are prevalent and heterogeneous across @entity1 with @entity2438 and these features have been associated with @entity1 outcomes. Identification of clinically defined sensory subtypes may enhance our understanding of unique phenotypes that have implications for etiology, prognosis, and intervention. This longitudinal study used a national online survey aimed to identify associations of previously validated sensory subtypes to specific @entity1 and family characteristics and functional outcomes [ @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and parenting stress index short form (PSI)]. The sensory experiences questionnaire-3.0 was collected from caregivers with @entity1 with @entity2438 , ages 2-12, at two time points (Time 1, n   =   1307, Time 2, n   =   884), 1 year apart. Functional outcomes assessments were collected at the second time point. A latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) was used to test associations, and results indicated that the attenuated-preoccupied subtype presented with the significantly lowest levels of @entity146 adaptive behavior composite scores compared to the other three sensory subtypes. Both the @entity146 maladaptive behavior index and the total PSI score were significantly highest in the extreme-mixed subtype. These results underscore the clinical utility of this subtyping approach for differentiating characteristics and functional outcomes associated with clinically defined sensory phenotypes. These findings may have implications for better understanding etiology, prognosis, and more precise targets for interventions designed to ameliorate sensory difficulties, and ultimately mitigate negative developmental consequences and parenting stress. @entity2438 Res 2016.    2016 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Sensory subtypes and associated outcomes in XXXX with autism spectrum disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['VABS', 'vineland adaptive behavior scale-II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite severe abnormalities of the corneal endothelium in the @entity22958 , the @entity267 can remain clear and maintain its normal thickness for years before @entity2687 occurs. The aim of this study is to analyze this discrepancy by studying corneal hydration control in the ICE syndrome. METHODS: In four subjects with @entity22958 , without signs of @entity2687 , a "corneal stress test" was performed in both the affected and the unaffected eye. The stress test measures the recovery of corneal thickness after @entity4 induced by wearing a soft contact lens with the eyes closed. Corneal thickness was measured by noncontact pachymetry. RESULTS: Mean baseline corneal thickness of affected eyes (535+/-56 microm) was not different from unaffected eyes (526+/-39 microm). On the other hand, the corneal stress test showed a smaller induced @entity4 in affected eyes (33+/-15 microm) compared with unaffected eyes (67+/-11 microm) and a slower recovery of corneal thickness in affected eyes. In one of four subjects, the @entity267 of the affected eye was calculated not yet to have recovered its original thickness before midnight. After this finding, although the @entity267 of this subject did not show any signs of clinical decompensation, the study was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal hydration control is altered in the ICE syndrome. The ICE @entity267 can maintain its normal thickness despite severe morphologic abnormalities of the endothelium. Because we found that recovery of corneal thickness can be extremely slow, it cannot be guaranteed that such corneal "stress tests" are completely safe for subjects with the ICE syndrome, and we therefore feel that they should no longer be performed in these subjects.

title: Reduced XXXX and deswelling response in the @entity22958 .

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome', 'unilateral ICE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['corneal swelling']