abstract: This paper reviews epidemiological data to see if there are sex differentials in prevalence, density and clinical pathology due to @entity3754 . Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of @entity281 in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in @entity1 of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. @entity281 is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in @entity1 and in older @entity1 . @entity922 is also lower in @entity1 and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of @entity281 and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both @entity6565 , irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to @entity281 and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial @entity281 may influence the development of immunity in @entity1 .

title: Sex differentials in susceptibility to @entity3754 and implications for maternal XXXX immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian and brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Density of infection']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11682 resistance is very common in @entity526 . The aim of this study was to characterize plasmids carrying @entity11682 resistance genes ( @entity14720 , @entity14721 and sul3) in @entity526 isolated from @entity1707 and @entity1 with a specific objective to assess the genetic diversity of plasmids involved in the mobility of sul genes. METHODS: A total of 501 @entity526 isolates from @entity1707 feces, @entity1707 carcasses and @entity1 stools were tested for their susceptibility to selected antimicrobial. Multiplex PCR was conducted to detect the presence of three sul genes among the @entity11682 -resistant @entity526 isolates. Fifty-seven @entity11682 -resistant @entity526 were selected based on presence of sul resistance genes and subjected to conjugation and/or transformation experiments. S1 nuclease digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to visualize and determine the size of plasmids. Plasmids carrying sul genes were characterized by PCR-based replicon typing to allow a comparison of the types of sul genes, the reservoir and plasmid present. RESULTS: A total of 109/501 isolates exhibited @entity11682 resistance. The relative prevalences of sul genes from the three reservoirs ( @entity1707 , @entity1707 carcasses and @entity1 ) were 65%, 45% and 12% for @entity14721 , @entity14720 , and sul3, respectively. Transfer of resistance through conjugation was observed in 42/57 isolates. Resistances to @entity3639 , @entity869 and @entity206 were co-transferred in most strains. Class 1 integrons were present in 80% of @entity14720 -carrying plasmids and 100% of sul3-carrying plasmids, but only in 5% of @entity14721 -carrying plasmids. The sul plasmids ranged from 33 to 160-kb in size and belonged to nine different incompatibility (Inc) groups: FII, FIB, I1, FIA, B/O, FIC, N, HI1 and X1. IncFII was the dominant type in @entity14721 -carrying plasmids (52%), while IncI1 was the most common type in @entity14720 and sul3-carrying plasmids (33% and 45%, respectively). Multireplicons were found associated with all three sul genes. CONCLUSIONS: Sul genes were distributed widely in @entity526 isolated from @entity1707 and @entity1 with @entity14721 being most prevalent. Sul-carrying plasmids belonged to diverse replicon types, but most of detected plasmids were conjugative enabling horizontal transfer. IncFII seems to be the dominant replicon type in @entity14721 -carrying plasmids from all three sources.

title: Prevalence and characterization of plasmids carrying @entity11682 resistance genes among XXXX from @entity1707 , @entity1707 carcasses and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamide', 'sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The authors reports their experience of 5 cases of intra- and @entity5 . With the exception of 1 case, a @entity10220 discovered at autopsy in a 77 year old @entity1 , the 4 other @entity1 (2 females and 2 males) are relatively young (respectively 14, 23, 14 and 26) at the time when they presented with signs of chronically raised intracranial pressure due to a triventricular @entity1276 . One @entity1 presented with a partial Parinaud's sign, but the focal and long tract signs were conspicuously absent in the other @entity1 . The diagnosis of a space occupying lesion in the tectum mesencephali or in the aqueduct could only be ascertained with the recent use of M.R.I. The radiological work-up of the cases suggest that theses lesions, presumably of glial origin, are very slowly growing @entity5 . Four @entity1 have been treated for their symptomatic @entity1276 , but no treatment of the @entity5 has been proposed, as the clinical state and the images remain remarkably stable. (Mean duration of follow up from the time of shunting = 3.7 years, extremes = 1.5-8 years). A review of the literature shows that not more than 48 cases of @entity5 of the aqueduct have been reported. Because of the small number of such observations, there are, until now, no precise informations on the management of such cases to decide if the @entity1 will benefit of an open or stereotactic biopsy associated with radiotherapy or if one can rely on serial clinical and radiological examinations. Further information on the long term follow up is needed.

title: [ XXXX of aqueduct of Sylvius. Presentation of 5 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['peri-aqueductal tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymoma of the aqueduct']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical overlap between @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is extensive and the differentiation between them can be difficult on clinical ground. However, @entity1 are seeking the right diagnosis and it is important for neurologists to distinguish them in the early stage. METHODS: In recent 10 years, we have recruited and followed-up three families which were initially diagnosed as complicated @entity74 based on the clinical criteria. Mutation analyses of @entity12408 , @entity12407 and @entity1903 were performed in the index cases. RESULTS: No mutations on @entity12408 and @entity12407 were found. Mutation analysis of @entity1903 showed that these cases have one expanded allele and one normal allele. The copy numbers of CAG repeats were 80/28, 86/28 and 83/33, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular diagnosis confirmed that they were @entity164 @entity1 though they had been misdiagnosed as complicated @entity74 for many years. The copy numbers of expanded allele were more than 80 and the copy numbers of normal allele were more than 27, which could somewhat explain the earlier onset age of these cases and the anticipation of the pedigrees. Our data emphasize the necessity to perform the mutation analysis of @entity1903 in clinically diagnosed complicated @entity74 @entity1 .

title: Chinese @entity1 with XXXX presenting with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia', 'AD-HSP']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['MJD', 'Machado-Joseph disease']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Machado-Joseph disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To objectively review the outcome of clinical studies where @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) has been used as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of @entity937 ( @entity937 ) in @entity1 with @entity936 . METHODS: From peer-reviewed articles published between 1947 and 2008, information was sought on @entity936 status, as reported using a grading scheme, after use of @entity3809 as a diagnostic test, before and after use of a specific regimen of @entity937 or ocular lubricants for approximately 30 days. Mean baseline scores and post-treatment scores were calculated, along with the net change and the percentage change in the @entity3809 scores. RESULTS: From a total of 33 suitable data sets, published between 1985 and 2006, the group mean pre-treatment @entity3809 score was 4.25 +/- 1.55 (+/-S.D.), which decreased to 2.84 +/- 1.24 after 30 days of treatment. This represented a net change of -1.43 (95% CI of -1.04 to -1.45). For use of traditional @entity937 (saline, hypromellose, etc), the net change was -0.95, it was -1.33 for use of carbomer ( @entity3880 ) gels and -2.10 for hyaluronic acid (HA) products. These changes represented net improvements of 25.9 +/- 18.4%, 38.0 +/- 20.7% and 41.8 +/- 16.3% respectively. The greater change with HA was not associated with a lower final outcome score, but with higher pre-treatment scores. CONCLUSIONS: Based on @entity3809 grading schemes used by numerous different clinicians over many years, treatment of @entity936 with @entity937 or ocular lubricants can be expected to improve the condition of the exposed ocular surface. Assuming no improvement without treatment, a 30 days treatment period can be projected to produce an overall improvement of around 25%, but with no unambiguous statistical differences between product types.

title: Efficacy of different @entity936 treatments with XXXX or ocular lubricants: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['artificial tears', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity3880 :: ('CHEBI:51133', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['rose bengal stain', 'RB']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['artificial tears']


abstract: The actions of @entity5836 , natural @entity5015 , @entity1421 and a synthetic commercial @entity5015 preparation, Enisoprost (Searle) on pepsinogen synthesis and secretion were studied in @entity235 chief cell monolayer cultures. @entity5836 , applied directly to the apical surface of chief cells using culture plate inserts (Millipore) had no effect on secretion, nor did it affect the action of any secretagogue in the basolateral medium. All @entity2918 tested showed significant stimulation of pepsinogen secretion. Basal secretion of pepsinogen after 90 min was 9.4 (1.3)% to total initial monolayer content. At 10(-6) M, @entity5015 stimulated secretion was 26.1 (3.8)%; @entity1421 27.9 (4)% and Enisoprost 28.8 (4.2)% of initial pepsinogen content. Stimulations by all tested @entity2918 were additive with @entity5402 (10(-4) M) and @entity10994 (10(-9) M), but not with @entity10299 (10(-6) M), @entity5393 (10(-3) M) or @entity1928 (10(-6) M) responses. All three @entity2918 stimulated pepsinogen synthesis as measured by @entity3209 labelled @entity3689 incorporation into pepsinogen. Time course experiments were similar to those for @entity1928 and showed shorter time delays between stimulus and increased synthesis rate than @entity5402 but longer than @entity5393 . Stimulated pepsinogen secretion was inhibited by high pepsin concentrations (greater than 800 micrograms/ml) in the medium. The inhibited abolished simultaneous @entity5402 induced stimulation of synthesis but @entity3009 or @entity1928 stimulation only after two hours. Combined with the shorter response time, as compared with @entity5402 , these data support our previous findings that potent stimulators of @entity268 production can stimulate pepsinogen synthesis directly by stimulation of mRNA synthesis, independently from an increased secretion. The additivity of effects with @entity5402 or @entity10994 and similarity with @entity1928 stimulated synthesis supports the suggestion that the actions of @entity2918 are mediated by @entity268 .

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity2918 on pepsinogen synthesis and secretion in @entity235 gastric chief cell monolayer cultures.

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochloric acid', 'hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity5836 :: (MESH:D006851,Chemical) :: ['hydrochloric acid']


abstract: Operative management of unstable burst vertebral @entity174 is challenging and debatable. This study of such cases was conducted at the Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi from January 1998 to April 2003. All surgically managed spine injuries were reviewed from case notes and operative records. Clinical outcome was assessed by Hanover spine score and correction of @entity1513 was measured for radiological assessment. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon sign rank test for two related samples and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Ten @entity1 were identified by inclusion criteria. There was statistically significant difference between mean pre-and postoperative Hanover spine score (p=0.008). Likewise, there was significant difference between mean immediate postoperative and final follow-up @entity1513 . (p=0.006). Critical assessment of neurologic and structural extent of injury, proper pre-operative planning and surgical expertise can optimize the outcome of @entity1 .

title: Operative management of unstable thoracolumbar burst XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Functional @entity1353 problems, including symptomatic hyperventilation, may impair quality of life. Symptoms associated with functional @entity387 have been reported as being common in secondary care settings, and can affect 29% of adults with current @entity565 in the community. The prevalence of dysfunctional @entity1353 in the general adult population is unknown. The Nijmegen Questionnaire has been reported to have useful sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing dysfunctional @entity1353 . A cross-sectional postal survey of adults without current @entity565 was undertaken in a single UK general practice. The results were analysed in conjunction with a previously described survey of adults with current @entity565 from the same population. The questionnaire was posted to a random sample of 300 @entity1 aged 16-65 without current @entity565 , and 69% were returned. 8% (95% confidence intervals 4-12%) had positive screening scores. Positive screening scores were more common in @entity1 (14%, 7-20%) than @entity1 (2%, 0-5%, p=0.003). Comparison with the previous survey showed that the prevalence of positive screening scores was higher in those with current @entity565 than those without (29% vs. 8%, p<0.001). Dysfunctional @entity1353 may affect up to one in 10 @entity1 , and is more common in @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: The prevalence of dysfunctional @entity1353 in adults in the community with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brainstem @entity3 are rarely operable and generally unresponsive to conventional radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Recently, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) was used as feasible treatment option for brainstem @entity3 . The present study evaluated our experience of brainstem @entity3 which was treated with GKRS. METHODS: Between November 1992 and June 2010, 32 @entity1 (23 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , mean age 56.1 years, range 39-73) were treated with GKRS for brainstem @entity3 . There were metastatic lesions in pons in 23, the midbrain in 6, and the medulla oblongata in 3 @entity1 , respectively. The primary @entity5 site was lung in 21, breast in 3, kidney in 2 and other locations in 6 @entity1 . The mean @entity5 volume was 1,517 mm(3) (range, 9-6,000), and the mean marginal dose was 15.9 Gy (range, 6-23). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained every 2-3 months following GKRS. Follow-up MRI was possible in 24 @entity1 at a mean follow-up duration of 12.0 months (range, 1-45). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors. RESULTS: Follow-up MRI showed @entity5 disappearance in 6, @entity5 shrinkage in 14, no change in @entity5 size in 1, and @entity5 growth in 3 @entity1 , which translated into a local @entity5 control rate of 87.5% (21 of 24 @entity5 ). The mean progression free survival was 12.2 months (range, 2-45) after GKRS. Nine @entity1 were alive at the completion of the study, and the overall mean survival time after GKRS was 7.7 months (range, 1-22). One @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 experienced @entity548 during the follow-up period. Survival was found to be associated with score of more than 70 on Karnofsky performance status and low recursive partitioning analysis class (class 1 or 2), in terms of favorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: GKRS was found to be safe and effective for management of brainstem @entity3 . The integral clinical status of @entity1 seems to be important in determining the overall survival time.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for brainstem XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The protein and glycoprotein composition of a @entity969 gradient fraction from vaccinia infected cells treated with @entity1215 was studied. This particulate fraction contained cytoplasmic membranes and pleomorphic membranous structures. The glycoproteins (89, 42 and 20-23 kDa, respectively) were identified as the same glycoproteins that are found in plasma membranes of infected cells and the envelope of extracellular enveloped vaccinia (EEV). These glycoproteins could be solubilized by 0.1% @entity10385 . The Golgi membrane associated 41K acylated vaccinia protein was also @entity10385 soluble. In contrast, most particulate fraction proteins (125, 100, 86, 65, 41, 39, 31, 27, 25, 14 and 12.5 kDa) with the exception of the 33 and 29 kDa proteins remained essentially insoluble after @entity10385 treatment. The 86 and 65 kDa proteins are the @entity1215 inhibited precursors to INV core proteins while the 33 and 29 kDa proteins are INV surface proteins. Twelve proteins behaved like their respective comigrating INV proteins when extracted with @entity10385 and 2ME. Electron microscopy showed that a centrifuged sediment from @entity10385 treated cells contained pleomorphic protein containing membranous structures that we have called @entity1215 bodies. We conclude that (1) the major glycoproteins found in the particulate fraction from @entity969 gradients are vaccinia glycoproteins residing in cytoplasmic membranes while (2) the major non-glycosylated proteins are components of the @entity1215 bodies and that (3) the @entity1215 bodies represent an intermediate in the morphogenetic process leading to mature INV.

title: The polypeptide composition of vaccinia-infected cell membranes and XXXX bodies.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: @entity26495 ( @entity26495 ) often cause high mortality with high infectivity, @entity177 , shock and @entity548 diathesis. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) within secondary lymphoid organs provide a supporting scaffold to T-lymphocyte areas. These cells regulate the movement of various immune cells and soluble molecules that promote T-lymphocyte homeostasis. We previously reported @entity2598 , but ascribed little significance to this finding. Here, we studied @entity281 of FRCs by Ebola, Marburg and Lassa viruses. We demonstrate that FRCs, or the extracellular 'conduit' of the fibroblastic reticulum of nonhuman primates, are targets of Ebola, Marburg and Lassa viruses. Furthermore, we observed that FRC damage correlates temporally and spatially with lymphocyte damage and that FRCs serve as nidi of fibrin deposition. In addition, we show that nonhuman primate FRCs express p75 NGF receptor and @entity8265 . Our data suggest that @entity1800 may be @entity1200 and @entity1003 characteristic of @entity26495 . We further propose that p75 NGF receptor and @entity8265 may be involved in FRC-associated dysfunction during the course of @entity281 .

title: Fibroblastic reticular cell XXXX by hemorrhagic fever viruses.

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus infection of FRCs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection of FRCs']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['crucial to the immunological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity26495 :: ('MESH:D006482', 'Disease') :: ['Viral hemorrhagic fevers', 'VHFs']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying @entity130 -induced immunosuppression and decreased @entity2047 production we evaluated: 1) the effect of @entity130 on @entity5003 production at different time intervals and 2) the effect of @entity5003 in vivo administration on immune functions ( @entity5003 production, @entity2047 production, NK cell @entity137 ) in normal and traumatized @entity19 . Experiments were performed on CBA/H @entity19 a) subjected to @entity130 (sacrificed 3 h and 6 h later) b) treated with @entity5003 in vivo ( @entity1 recombinant @entity5003 beta 100 ng/ @entity19 , sacrificed 21 h and 24 h later) and c) subjected to both @entity5003 in vivo treatment and scald ( @entity5003 was given 18 h before scald, animals were sacrificed 3 h and 6 h after scald i.e. 21 h and 24 h after @entity5003 administration). Our results demonstrate that @entity130 alone increases @entity5003 production from 1 h to 24 h after @entity130 . Recombinant @entity5003 given in vivo also induces a significant rise in @entity5003 production. When @entity19 were subjected to both @entity130 and @entity5003 in vivo treatment, the rise in @entity5003 production was not additive. @entity130 induced severe @entity308 of @entity2047 production which could not be overcome by in vitro addition of @entity5003 to @entity2047 producing splenocytes from traumatized @entity19 . In contrast, @entity5003 administered in vivo stimulated @entity2047 production in normal @entity19 , and when given prior to @entity130 , it completely abrogated @entity130 -induced suppression of @entity2047 production. The same effect was seen on NK cell @entity137 (an @entity2047 dependent function).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interleukin-1 in vivo modulates XXXX -induced immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scald injury', 'trauma infliction', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Esophageal dilation often leads to long-lasting relief of @entity1282 in @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ). The aim of this study was to define the effectiveness, safety, and @entity1 acceptance of esophageal dilation in @entity5202 . In addition, we examined the influence of dilation on the underlying esophageal @entity32 . METHODS: Two databases including 681 @entity5202 @entity1 were reviewed. Cohort 1 consisted of @entity1 treated with dilation alone, whereas cohort 2 included @entity1 treated with a combination of dilation and antieosinophilic medication. @entity1 from cohort 1 underwent a prospective histological reexamination and an evaluation using a questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 207 @entity5202 @entity1 were treated with esophageal dilation, 63 in cohort 1 and 144 in cohort 2. Dilation led to a significant increase in esophageal diameter and to an improvement in @entity1282 in both the cohorts (P<0.001). After dilation, @entity1282 recurred after 23+/-22 months in cohort 1 and 20+/-14 months in cohort 2. No esophageal perforation or major @entity548 occurred. Among the @entity1 surveyed, 74% reported @entity158 after dilation; however, all were agreeable to repeated dilation if required. Eosinophil peak infiltration, eosinophil load, and @entity5202 -associated histological signs were not significantly affected by esophageal dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal dilation is highly effective in providing long-lasting symptom relief and can be performed safely with a high degree of @entity1 acceptance. However, dilation is associated with @entity158 in most @entity1 and does not influence the underlying inflammatory process. Symptom improvement despite persistence of @entity32 suggests that tissue remodeling contributes substantially to symptom generation in @entity5202 .

title: Esophageal dilation in XXXX : effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postprocedural pain', 'retrosternal pain']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness normative values of Hong Kong @entity1 by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to investigate the effect of age and @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) on RNFL thickness. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and four normal @entity1 aged between 6 and 17 years were recruited for this study. The RNFL thickness was measured by OCT (Stratus OCT). @entity3656 was measured by the IOLMaster. RESULTS: The median age of our subjects was 9.75 years (range: 6.08 to 17.58 years). The mean full circle peripapillary RNFL (RNFL-FC) was 113.5 microm (SD 9.8) and 113.1 microm (SD 10.8) in the right and left eyes, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between @entity3656 and RNFL-FC in both the right (r=-0.23, P<0.05) and left eyes (r=-0.25, P<0.05). The effect was the strongest in the superior quadrant. Every 1 mm increase in @entity3656 would result in a decrease in RNFL-FC by 2.7 to 2.9 microm. Age did not show significant effect on RNFL-FC. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides normative RNFL values for Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 . It can be used as a reference for the screening of @entity726 in @entity1 . @entity3656 demonstrates a significant negative correlation with RNFL thickness.

title: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal Hong Kong chinese XXXX measured with optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) deficiency strongly affects muscle performance. In judo, many athletes often undergo impressive weight changes associated with severe @entity2700 . Common practices used by athletes to achieve a target weight can lead to @entity4612 deficit. This study aimed to understand the impact of @entity4612 changes on strength from periods of weight stability to prior to competition in a sample of elite judo athletes who differentially changed their intracellular water (ICW). The sample consisted of 20 elite male judo athletes. Subjects were divided according to ICW changes: losses below 2% and losses equal to or above 2%. @entity4612 was measured in serum, red blood cells and urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. ICW was calculated as the difference between total-body water and extracellular water using dilution techniques. Maximal handgrip strength was evaluated using Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. Upper-body power was determined in a bench press. Higher ICW decreases were associated with higher strength reductions, though our results suggest that an increase in red blood cell @entity4612 might attenuate those strength reductions in athletes who decrease the ICW compartment. As @entity4612 losses can be considerable and intake is frequently insufficient, athletes should consider supplementation, especially during periods of @entity353 .

title: XXXX and  strength in  elite judo athletes according to  intracellular water changes.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: @entity1086 is a rare @entity5 , which often goes undiagnosed until advanced stages of disease and is associated with poor prognosis. The only potentially curative treatment is surgical resection. This retrospective study aims to investigate the validity of the revised 7th edition American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging criteria and determine prognostic factors. Forty-two @entity1 with confirmed @entity1086 who underwent attempted curative resection from 1999 to 2012 at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center were reviewed. Survival probability was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Ten @entity1 underwent laparoscopy, were deemed unresectable, and no further surgical intervention was performed. R0 surgical resection, which included radical portal lymphadenectomy, liver segment IVb/V resection, with or without bile duct resection, was performed in the remaining 32 @entity1 . N2 nodes were resected if positive on frozen section. Overall survival probability for Stage I to II @entity1 was 100 per cent. Overall survival probability for Stage III @entity1 was 80 per cent (95% confidence interval [CI], 61 to 99%) and 39.3 per cent (95% CI, 28 to 78%) for Stage IV @entity1 . This study demonstrates that 7th edition clinical stage, T stage, and liver involvement are statistically significant predictors of prognosis. These data also demonstrate a benefit to extended resection in @entity1 even with @entity5 .

title: Validation of revised American Joint Committee on XXXX staging for @entity1086 based on a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III and IV disease', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: In @entity161 @entity1 @entity1109 and @entity73 often persist despite treatment with second generation antipsychotics leading to reduced quality of life and psychosocial functioning. One core @entity73 is @entity73 (WM) suggesting malfunctioning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to transiently facilitate or consolidate neuronal processes. Pilot studies using rTMS have demonstrated improvement of psychopathology in other @entity146 , but a systematic investigation of working memory effects outlasting the stimulation procedure has not been performed so far. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of a 3-week high frequency active or sham 10 Hz rTMS on cognition, specifically on working memory, in @entity161 @entity1 (n=25) in addition to antipsychotic therapy and in healthy controls (n=22). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare activation patterns during verbal WM (letter 2-back task) before and after 3-weeks treatment with rTMS. Additionally, other cognitive tasks were conducted. 10 Hz rTMS was applied over the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (EEG electrode location F3) with an intensity of 110% of the individual resting motor threshold (RMT) over a total of 15 sessions. @entity1 recruited the common fronto- parietal and subcortical WM network. Multiple regression analyses revealed no significant activation differences over time in any contrast or sample. According to the ANOVAs for repeated measures performance remained without alterations in all groups. This is the first fMRI study that has systematically investigated this topic within a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, contrasting the effects in @entity161 @entity1 and healthy controls.

title: The effect of long-term high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on working memory in XXXX and healthy controls--a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficit', 'impaired working memory']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['negative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Infections remain a major threat to the well-being of our growing aged population. The correct and timely diagnosis of @entity281 in older adults is increasingly important in the current age of antimicrobial resistance. @entity293 , @entity55 , and @entity2259 present particular challenges. In older @entity1 with @entity2259 , blood cultures have comparable yield as compared with younger @entity1 . However, the routine triggers for ordering blood cultures may not be appropriate in older adults. In addition, resistance patterns of isolated pathogens may change with age. The main difficulties in diagnosing @entity293 in older adults are caused by an increased prevalence of asymptomatic @entity793 and frequent use of urinary catheters. However, a combined noninvasive approach that includes history, physical examination, urinary dipstick testing, urine cultures, and simple blood tests can provide direction. In addition, specific guidelines for specific populations are available. In older @entity1 suspected of @entity2028 , bedside pulse oximetry and urinary antigen testing for @entity328 and @entity2114 provide direction for the clinician. Although infected older adults pose specific and unique diagnostic challenges, a thorough history and physical examination combined with minimally invasive testing will lead to the correct diagnosis in most older adults with @entity166 , limiting the need for empiric antibiotics in this age group.

title: Diagnostic challenges and opportunities in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role played by free radicals in pathogenesis of @entity1907 and treatment mediated @entity137 is well established. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of crude green tea @entity12919 in reducing the oxidative stress seen in @entity1 of AFB positive @entity1907 . METHODS: A total of 200 newly diagnosed cases of AFB positive @entity1907 , who received CAT I regimen were enrolled consecutively from DOTS center. Out of 200 @entity1 , 100 randomly selected @entity1 received @entity12919 (500 microg) with antitubercular treatment (ATT) (cases) and 100 received starch (500 microg) with ATT (control). Oxidative stress level in blood samples of cases and controls as compared at the time of enrollment and after one and four months of treatment. Oxidative stress was measured in terms of free radicals (lipid peroxidation, @entity842 ), enzymatic antioxidant ( @entity2196 , @entity224 dismutase, @entity2041 peroxidase) and non enzymatic antioxidant (total @entity1432 , @entity2041 ) levels. RESULTS: The results showed significant difference in all the parameters among cases and controls. A significant decrease (p< or = 0.001) in LPO level was observed in cases as compare to controls during the follow up while the level of NO was significantly increased (p< or =0.001) in cases as compare to controls. Significant decrease (p< or =0.001) in @entity2196 and GPx level was observed in cases as compare to controls while SOD levels significantly rose (p< or =0.001) in cases as compared to controls. Significant decrease (p< or =0.001) in SH level was observed in cases as compared to controls while the level of @entity2197 was significantly increased (p< or =0.001) . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that crude @entity12919 extract can play a definite role as adjuvant therapy in management of oxidative stress seen in @entity1907 @entity1 . More detailed studies are needed to document use of @entity12919 in reducing the frequency and severity of side effects of treatment.

title: Effect of green tea extract (catechins) in reducing oxidative stress seen in XXXX of @entity1907 on DOTS Cat I regimen.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the effect of @entity3150 on the aggregation of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles and its consequences on the hemolytic activity of @entity11015 . METHODS: @entity11015 -incorporated @entity970 -phospholipid micelles co-loaded with @entity12364 , @entity165 , or @entity14952 were prepared at 4:1:1 and 20:5:1 ratios of polymer-to- @entity5068 -to- @entity11015 . The aggregation state of @entity11015 was elucidated by UV-vis spectroscopy. @entity11015 / @entity5068 co-loaded @entity970 -phospholipid micelles were incubated with red blood cells and the hemolytic activity of @entity11015 assessed by measurement of free hemoglobin. RESULTS: @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles stayed mostly in a deaggregated state in the absence of @entity5068 or with @entity165 , but aggregated in the presence of @entity12364 or @entity14952 . The fraction of aggregated @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles was lower at the 20:5:1 ratio. In an aggregated state or in the absence of @entity5068 , @entity11015 caused rapid and complete @entity2142 . In contrast, deaggregated @entity11015 co-loaded with @entity165 caused slower and incomplete @entity2142 , especially at a 20:5:1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The aggregation state of @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles was @entity5068 dependant. @entity11015 / @entity165 co-loaded @entity970 -phospholipid micelles caused low in vitro @entity2142 due to deaggregation of @entity11015 and micellar stability, presumably owing to @entity165 /phospholipid versus @entity165 / @entity11015 interactions in the interior core region.

title: @entity2379 / @entity5068 co-loaded @entity970 -phospholipid micelles: effects of @entity3150 on aggregation state and hemolytic activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phase III @entity922 ( @entity922 ) have become larger and are powered to detect small absolute benefits. Temporal changes in absolute benefits of experimental medical therapies reported in @entity922 are unknown. METHODS: We identified all @entity922 with sample size > or =200 evaluating experimental medical therapies for breast and @entity14 published from 1975 to 2007. We assessed changes over three decades in absolute differences in time-to-event end points between experimental and control arms by (i) the usual method (i.e. at one point) and (ii) as the area between time-to-event curves up to a predefined time. RESULTS: We identified 236 eligible @entity922 of which 57% (N = 135) evaluated adjuvant treatments. Experimental treatments became more often compared with active treatments (48% versus 59% versus 81%; P < 0.0001). Median absolute benefits of experimental adjuvant treatments decreased but outcomes in control arms improved with time. For @entity922 evaluating @entity3 , there were no changes in absolute benefit over time but incremental monthly costs of new approved treatments increased with time by 100-fold (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 , new effective adjuvant treatments show decreasing absolute benefit, while new treatments of @entity3 show unchanging levels of benefit at rapidly escalating costs.

title: Absolute benefits of medical therapies in phase III clinical trials for breast and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs of breast and colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: QUESTION: Is the exercise-integrated Bandcizer    system feasible for recording exercise dosage ( @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) and repetitions) and @entity158 scores among adolescents with @entity158 ? Do adolescents practise the exercises as prescribed ( @entity2701 and repetitions)? Do adolescents accurately report the exercises they do in an exercise diary? DESIGN: Observational feasibility study. @entity1 : Twenty adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age with @entity158 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were prescribed three exercise sessions per week (one with and two without supervision) for 6 weeks. The exercises included three hip and one knee exercise with an elastic resistance band. @entity1 were instructed to perform three sets with a predefined @entity2701 (3seconds concentric; 2seconds isometric; 3seconds eccentric; 2seconds pause), equating to 80seconds for 10 repetitions (one set). OUTCOME MEASURES: The exercise-integrated system consisted of a sensor attached to the elastic resistance band that was connected to the Bandtrainer app on an electronic tablet device. @entity158 intensity was reported on a visual analogue scale on the app. @entity1 also completed a self-report exercise diary. RESULTS: No major problems were reported with the system. @entity1 performed 2541 exercise sets during the 6 weeks; 5% were performed with the predefined @entity2701 (ie, within 10seconds of the 80-second target) and 90% were performed below the target @entity2701 . On average, the @entity1 received 15% of the instructed exercise dosage based on @entity2701 . The exercise dosage reported in the exercise diaries was 2.3 times higher than the @entity2701 data from the electronic system. @entity158 intensity was successfully collected in 100% of the exercise sets. CONCLUSION: The system was feasible for adolescents with @entity158 . The system made it possible to capture detailed data about the @entity2701 , repetitions and sets during home-based exercises together with @entity158 intensity before and after each exercise. [Rathleff MS, Bandholm T, McGirr KA, Harring SI, S  rensen AS, Thorborg K (2016) New exercise-integrated technology can monitor the dosage and quality of exercise performed against an elastic resistance band by adolescents with @entity158 : an observational study.Journal of PhysiotherapyXX: XX-XX].

title: New exercise-integrated technology can monitor the dosage and quality of exercise performed against an elastic resistance band by adolescents with XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['time under tension', 'TUT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'patellofemoral pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity177 show a greater incidence of @entity5 . We evaluated whether moderately @entity8 at baseline influenced risk of all @entity5 during long-term follow in young @entity1 . Our cohort included 33,346 subjects, aged 26-61 years at baseline, in a representative, population-based study enrolling subjects from 1974 to 1992. Median follow-up time was 28 years. Plasma @entity1011 was analyzed as a single measure at baseline. Incident cases of @entity5 were identified from the Swedish @entity5 Registry. We studied 24,552 subjects from the cohort. To account for the unique sampling design, @entity1 were divided by sex and age at baseline into 1,132 older @entity1 (age 60), 14,254 younger @entity1 (age 40-52), 7,498 older @entity1 (age 47-57) and 1,688 younger @entity1 (age 35-43). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula. @entity1 were classified as having either normal to mildly impaired kidney function ( @entity470 >=  60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) ), or moderate @entity8 ( @entity470 <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) ). We calculated the risk of all @entity5 using competing risks regression. Overall, 6,595 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 , and 854 subjects (3.5%) had moderately @entity8 at baseline. There was a significant association between moderately decreased GFR and subsequent risk of @entity703 in younger @entity1 (hazard ratio, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.71; p = 0.004). However, we found no association with overall long-term @entity5 risk. Our confirmation of an association between moderately @entity8 and risk of @entity703 in younger @entity1 requires further exploration of high-risk groups and biological mechanisms.

title: Association of @entity5 with moderately XXXX at baseline in a large, representative, population-based cohort followed for up to 30 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction', 'impaired renal dysfunction', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: The @entity1 calcitonin gene generates 2 distinct mature mRNAs by alternative RNA processing, encoding calcitonin (CT) in thyroid C-cells or a neuropeptide ( @entity10132 ) in the brain. We evaluated quantitatively by in situ hybridization the expression of the CT gene in tissue section of 5 MTCs (2 sporadic and 3 familial forms). The @entity5 of one @entity259 was compared to a brain @entity3 . In situ hybridization was carried out with tritiated cDNA probes coding for CT and @entity10132 mRNA. After autoradiography the number of @entity575 grains was counted in 400 cells by computerized analysis of digitized images and expressed as the labelling level (L.L. = grain area/cell area per day of autoradiographic exposure). This was used to calculate the relative abundance per cell of the specific messengers studied, which depends on the autoradiographic efficiency and the specific activity of the probe used. The CT mRNA content was 3.25-6.55 10(-10) micrograms equivalents in the 3 familial forms of @entity259 and 4.95-9.25 10(-10) micrograms equivalents for the 2 sporadic forms. The levels of CT mRNA in the brain @entity3 and in the @entity5 were identical (4.10 10(-10) micrograms equivalents). @entity10132 mRNA expression was weaker in the sporadic and in the @entity259 (0.60-1.65 10(-10) micrograms equivalents). The content of mRNA @entity10132 in the brain @entity3 (0.60 10(-10) micrograms equivalents) was lower than that in the @entity5 (1.05 10(-10) micrograms equivalents).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantification of intracellular calcitonin gene transcripts in XXXX @entity259 ( @entity259 ) by in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC', 'familial thyroid tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with adverse outcomes in @entity0 @entity1 . Fat-specific cytokines (adipokines) have been proposed as key drivers of @entity0 progression, invasion, and @entity3 . We aimed at assessing correlations between peri-tumoral fat, quantified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic factors potentially impacting therapy recommendations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of 63 @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 who underwent preoperative MRI imaging using appropriately weighted series for breast and @entity5 contouring. Fat volumes were generated through voxel intensity filtering. The peri-tumoral region was defined as the intersection of a 1-cm spherical extension around the @entity5 and the breast contour. Peri-tumoral fat was defined as the fraction of a fat content in this volume. Surgical pathology records were used to extract clinical data. Statistical analyses were conducted using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Among reviewed @entity1 , 45 had T1 @entity5 (1.22      0.85  cm diameter) and 18 had T2 @entity5 (2.08      1.06  cm). Axillary lymph nodes were dissected in 31 and positive in 17 @entity1 analyzed. Peri-tumoral fat ratio ranged between 25 and 99  %. Peri-tumoral fat ratio significantly correlated with the nodal-positive ratio of positive axillary lymph nodes (r  =  0.532). Peri-tumoral fat ratio demonstrated optimally prominent correlation among @entity28 @entity1 upon body mass index categorical stratification. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 , peri-tumoral fat correlates positively with the ratio of pathologically involved axillary nodes. This work highlights a novel method for quantitating peri-tumoral fat content. Preoperative breast MRI may be utilized to predict extent of @entity66 .

title: Multiparametric evaluation of preoperative MRI in @entity5 XXXX : prognostic impact of peri-tumoral fat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axillary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early stage', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2675 is an uncommon disease accounting for only 1% of all @entity0 . We present the evaluation, treatment and outcome of @entity3930 @entity1 seen with @entity0 in our institution. Male @entity1 that had histological diagnosis of @entity0 from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. After evaluation @entity1 were treated with modified radical mastectomy. Combination chemotherapy was given to @entity1 with positive axillary lymph nodes. Radiotherapy and hormonal therapy were also employed. There were 57 @entity3930 @entity1 with @entity0 which accounted for 9% of all @entity0 seen during the study period. Their mean age was 59    2.3 years. The mean @entity5 diameter was 13    2.5   cm. Fifty three (93%) @entity1 presented with @entity1442 including 15 with distant @entity3 . Four @entity1 with @entity34 were treated with modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and @entity440 . Of the 30 @entity1 with @entity66 that had modified radical mastectomy, complete axillary clearance and @entity5 free margins were achieved in 25. Overall 21 (36.8%) @entity1 were @entity5 free at one year. Overall 5-year survival was 22.8%. In conclusion, @entity3930 @entity1 with @entity0 present with @entity1442 which is associated with poor outcome of treatment.

title: Management and outcomes of XXXX in zaria, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The uncovertebral joint (UJ) is an important load-bearing structure in the @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) and the medial wall of the @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ). To investigate the UJ* s role in load distribution and transmission under physiological loading, we developed and validated a detailed finite element model (C2-T1). Based on the initial model, two additional models were modified to simulate surgical resection and degeneration of UJs, to evaluate their influence on @entity3799 kinematics and load distribution. The three models were subjected to 2Nm pure moment (flexion, extension, lateral bending, and @entity717 ). Foraminal narrowing and @entity2850 were evaluated. In the initial model, contact forces provided by the UJ were apparent in lateral bending and @entity717 . In @entity717 , the UJs and contralateral facet joints participated in joint activity, implying a possible restraint/counterbalance mechanism of these two joints. Peak vertebral stress was observed in the pedicle of vertebrae and was higher in the uncovertebral region than in the facet region. Resection of uncinate processes led to an apparent range of motion increase in lateral bending and @entity717 , while sagittal kinematics is influenced slightly. The load on other structures was slightly increased, but in @entity717 , resection of UJs changed the load distribution pattern. Degeneration of UJs significantly increased @entity3799 stiffness and shielded other load-bearing structures. Peak @entity1798 narrowing, but no nerve compression, was observed in @entity717 of the resection model. Thus, resection did not induce apparent secondary foraminal stenosis when other structures were still functional.

title: Resection or degeneration of uncovertebral joints altered the segmental kinematics and load-sharing pattern of XXXX : A biomechanical investigation using a C2-T1 finite element model.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'intervertebral foramen']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['SCS', 'subaxial cervical spine']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['potential nerve compression']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['subaxial cervical spine']


abstract: To identify the views of health professionals working in @entity5 on seeking consent to tissue banking from potential donors. Self-completion questionnaires sent to 553 UK paediatric oncology health professionals. The response rate was 60%. Respondents (100%) were in favour of using tissue samples from @entity1 with @entity5 for research. A substantial minority (30%) had concerns about the impact of the law on their professional role in relation to tissue banking. Almost all (90%) reported that both the parent(s) and the @entity1 , if able, should be asked for consent, though the UK @entity1 Tissue Act provides that a competent @entity1 's consent is sufficient. Most (94%) supported 'generic' rather than 'specific' consent. Barriers to obtaining consent included: (1) timing of the approach to families; (2) availability of suitable staff; (3) sensitivity of the issues; (4) difficulties of managing the process; and (5) problems of maintaining a paper trail. Many would welcome training on seeking consent. Personal knowledge and relationships with families are often seen as important in guiding the proper approach to consent rather than formalized rules. There is widespread support among health professionals for tissue banking in @entity5 . In sensitive situations, disciplined exercise of professional discretion might better deliver on aspirations for regulation than rigid procedures.

title: Seeking consent to tissue banking: a survey of health professionals in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Human', 'child']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: @entity548 is an uncommon but serious complication of @entity9007 . When @entity360 or @entity548 is associated with a @entity9007 and the usual sources of @entity548 are not detected by endoscopy, the rupture of a @entity2849 inside the pseudocyst should be suspected. We present 13 cases, 11 associated with chronic and 2 with late complications after @entity656 . On the basis of sonographic findings, @entity548 site was suspected in 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%). Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 10, and @entity548 was suspected in 8 (80%). The @entity2849 itself was detected by CT in one and by ultrasonography in none. Visceral angiography was performed on five @entity1 , and the @entity2849 was evident in all. External drainage with arterial ligation was done as a primary operation in five @entity1 ; four of them later underwent pancreatic resection because of rebleeding. In eight cases pancreatic resection was the initial operation; none of these @entity1 continued to bleed or needed reoperation because of the same @entity2849 . There were no intraoperative deaths, but one @entity1 died postoperatively. Aggressive diagnostic evaluation and surgical approach are associated with a reduction in mortality and morbidity in this serious complication of @entity9007 .

title: Diagnostic evaluation and aggressive surgical approach in @entity548 @entity2849 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment response in @entity308 has been linked to @entity66 notably via the vascular @entity308 hypothesis. This study investigated the relationship between endothelial function and @entity731 and treatment response to antidepressant monotherapy. METHODS: Twenty five @entity1 with @entity308 were compared with 21 non-depressed control subjects in a case control study. Nine of the depressed subjects were responders to antidepressant monotherapy and 16 were not. Vascular measures included assessment of carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) representing @entity731 and biopsied small artery dilatation to @entity934 to assess endothelial function in a subset of subjects. RESULTS: There were no group differences in vascular risks or sociodemographic variables. There was a significant group difference (responders versus non-responders versus controls) on both @entity121 and endothelial function (p   <   0.01 and p   <   0.05, respectively) with a significant difference between controls and non-responders (p   <   0.001) on @entity121 and between controls and responders (p   <   0.05) and control versus non-responders (p   <   0.05) on endothelial function but no significant difference between responders and non-responders. On both @entity121 and endothelial function, there was a gradient across groups, with control subjects having best vascular structure or function, non-responders worse and responders in-between. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with a hypothesis that poorer antidepressant response in later life @entity308 may be linked to an underlying @entity455 and pathology. The study is small, and the results require replication but if confirmed, trials with vasoprotective medication aimed at improving vascular function in order to alter the prognosis of @entity308 would be a rational development.

title: Relationship of endothelial function and @entity731 to treatment response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'late-life depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['late-life depression']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the comorbid disease could be the predictors for the elective colectomy in @entity12127 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 246 @entity1 with @entity12127 admitted between 2000 and 2008 was conducted, and 19 @entity1 received emergent operation were identified and analyzed. Data were collected with regard to age, sex, albumin level on admission, left or right inflammation site, the history of recurrent @entity4436 , preoperative comorbidity, smoking habits, medication, treatment policy, morbidity, and mortality. Preoperative @entity66 included @entity65 , @entity6 , @entity358 , @entity10189 , @entity3811 , and @entity5507 . Medications in use included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity117 ( @entity117 ), and @entity288 . Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relevant risk factors correlating to colectomy. RESULTS: The mean age of the 246 @entity1 was 69.5 years (range, 24-94 years). Most @entity4436 could be managed with conservative treatment (n = 227, 92.3%), and urgent colectomy was performed in 19 @entity1 (7.7%). There were three deaths in the surgical group and four deaths in the nonsurgical group. The overall mortality rate in the study was 1.7% among @entity1 with conservative treatment and 15.7% among @entity1 undergoing urgent colectomy. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that comorbidities were risk factors for urgent colectomy for @entity4436 . CONCLUSION: To avoid high mortality and morbidity related to urgent colectomy, we suggest that @entity1 with @entity12127 and @entity66 may require elective colectomy.

title: @entity12127 with XXXX may require elective colectomy.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['comorbid diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe quality of life in @entity1 and @entity1 who had terminated @entity52 ( @entity52 ) within the public health system 4-5.5 years previously, and for whom treatment did not result in childbirth. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Reproductive Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SAMPLE: Four hundred pairs were invited to participate, 71% accepted and 68% completed questionnaires. METHODS: Questionnaire study. Study subgroups were compared with a control group with @entity1 and with each other. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB), Sense of Coherence (SOC), experience of @entity249 , demographic-socio-economic and health characteristics were measured. RESULTS: Surprisingly, 76.7% had or lived together with @entity1 ; 39.6% had biological @entity1 , 34.8% had adopted and 3.7% were parents to both biological and adopted @entity1 . No differences were found between the study and the control groups, except in SOC which scored lower in the study group. The study group with @entity1 had a higher PGWB index than the 23.3% without @entity1 and the controls. SOC scored higher in the subgroup with than those without @entity1 . Infertility was still a central issue in the subgroup without @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite having undergone unsuccessful @entity52 within the public health system, more than 75% lived with @entity1 4-5.5 years later. This subgroup had a better quality of life, compared to those without @entity1 . Additional @entity52 treatment may result in increased quality of life.

title: Quality of life for couples 4-5.5 years after unsuccessful XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: In 21 @entity1 with the clinical suspicion of oligosymptomatic R.S.), 21 @entity1 with the clinical suspicion of oligosymptomatic R.S. and 16 @entity1 with recurrent @entity2954 23 HLA-antigens were assessed using a lymphocyte @entity137 test. 413 blood donors served as a controll group. 85,7% of the @entity1 with R.S. had phenotyp @entity1530 27 compared with 7,4% of the controll @entity1 . The group with the suspicion of R.S. exhibited with 57,1% a marked increased incidense of @entity1530 27 as well. Compared to this, the @entity1530 frequency in the @entity1 with recurrent @entity2954 was with 6,3% in especially of its oligosymptomatic courses. Because of the close association between @entity1530 27 and R.S. determination of histocompatibility antigens proved to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of @entity6104 , especially of its oligosymptomatic courses.

title: [ @entity1530 27 in XXXX with special reference to oligosymptomatic course forms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['non-gonococcal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's disease"]

answer: @entity6104 :: (MESH:D016918,Disease) :: ['Reiter's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the correlation between quantitative measurements outcomes and @entity9042 @entity1 ' vision related quality of life (v-QoL) following intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. METHODS: The NEI-RQL (National Eye Institute @entity2516 Quality of Life) was administered to @entity1 requiring intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation, before and after surgery, wearing best correction for 40 days minimum. Visual acuity, refraction, corneal topography, aberrometry data (VOL-CT. software) and contrast sensitivity were recorded before and 3 months after surgery. The main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity, refraction, steep keratometric value (Kmax), aberrometry, contrast sensitivity and v-QoL. RESULTS: There were 42 keratoconic @entity1 (69 eyes): 19 male and 23 female, mean age 24.9    5 years in this prospective study. Binocular best corrected visual acuity improved (0.13    0.03 before to -0.01    0.01 logMAR after surgery, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant improvement in mean spherical refraction (2.81    0.44 to 1.71    0.31), cylinder component (3.89    0.22 to 1.82    0.21), spherical equivalent (4.55    0.46 to 2.40    0.30), Kmax (55.92 D    0.62 to 52.16 D    0.58 D) and root mean square low order (p<0.001). Contrast sensitivity (CS) improved at all spatial frequencies: at 6 cpd improvement was higher. Root mean square higher order did not improved p=0.422. There was significant improvement across all NEI-RQL scales after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (males more satisfied than females), cylinder (1 D reduction improves 5 points in general NEI-RQL scores) and normal contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cpd were correlated with v-QoL. Other variables such as best corrected visual acuity, root mean square low order, root mean square higher order and Kmax did not show influence on NEI-RQL scores. CONCLUSIONS: The best @entity1 response predictors with the NEI-RQL instrument were gender, normal CS at 3 and 6 cpd and cylinder reduction. The use of this questionnaire was crucial to assess the influence of optical tests on v-QoL in @entity9042 @entity1 who were referred for intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.

title: Analysis of the correlation between ophthalmic examination and quality of life outcomes following intracorneal ring segment implantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive Error']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: Severe @entity158 and increasing swelling in the region of the right lower leg occurred after unaccustomed physical activity in a 29-year-old @entity1 . Physical examination showed @entity158 and livid discoloration of the right lower leg. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory tests were consistent with an acute @entity32 . Colour Doppler duplex sonography of the leg and pelvic veins bilaterally revealed complete @entity715 of the deep leg and pelvic veins on the right. Spiral computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed deep pelvic vein @entity715 and also demonstrated complete agenesis of the inferior vena cava (IVC). TREATMENT AND COURSE: The @entity1 was fully heparinized and compression bandage applied to the right leg, which was kept elevated, @entity5018 , 3 x 400 mg daily, was given for @entity158 relief. Anticoagulation treatment with @entity3924 (Marcumar) was initiated. The @entity1 was discharged much improved after ten days. Duplex sonography after 3 months demonstrated partial recanalization of the right pelvic and deep leg veins. CONCLUSION: @entity600 of the IVC are rare. @entity1150 often results in affected @entity1 . Treatment or prevention of @entity715 of the deep veins by anticoagulation is indicated. Additional risk factors for @entity715 --smoking, hormonal contraceptives, immobilization and unusual physical activity--should be strictly avoided.

title: [ XXXX in congenital agenesis of the vena cava inferior].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Phlebothrombosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful swelling']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis of the deep leg and pelvic veins']


abstract: Color Doppler sonographic findings on 38 lesions in 31 @entity1 who had primary @entity157 were evaluated before and after transcatheter @entity1416 and compared with dynamic CT and hepatic arteriographic findings. All lesions that were observed with dynamic CT or arteriography were correctly identified on color Doppler sonography. Peritumoral pulsatile flow was the predominant color Doppler flow seen in all lesions. Mixed pulsatile and continuous flow were noted in larger @entity5 and in @entity5 with a higher degree of vascularity, as determined by arteriography. Two weeks after treatment, color Doppler flow was still identified in 18 lesions (47%), corresponding to dynamic CT or arteriographic findings documenting @entity41 . Histopathologic examination, performed in 10 other lesions, showed that the @entity5 was completely necrotic in five. These five @entity5 were not visible on color Doppler flow images after treatment. Viable @entity5 was observed in the five remaining lesions, all of which were shown on color Doppler flow images after treatment. During the 6- to 16-month follow-up period, color Doppler flow images showed recurrence of 13 (50%) of 26 lesions, corresponding to @entity5 recurrence as shown by CT and arteriography. We conclude that color Doppler sonography is useful for imaging @entity157 , for evaluating @entity41 after treatment, and for imaging @entity5 recurrence during follow-up.

title: Color Doppler sonography of @entity157 before and after treatment by transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: @entity16391 ( @entity16391 ) represents one of the most severe forms of @entity1635 . At the time of skeletal maturity the untreated progressive curves are usually over 100 degrees and have an important rotational component. That is why the natural course of @entity16391 is thought to occur until the time that @entity1 are treated, around 10 years of age. A close follow-up is recommended in these cases and, if necessary, starting active treatment in cases of progression. @entity1 who started treatment at an earlier age had better results than those who started at around 2 years of age. The overall risk of complications of @entity16391 during the treatment period using a construct with rods is 58%. This percent decreases if implant placement is delayed as much as possible until the time of the initial surgery, at around 6 years of age, besides using a double rod instead of a single rod (10 vs 27%) and limiting the number of lengthening procedures (each subsequent lengthening results in a 24% increase in the risk of complications). The complications rate is moderate, but manageable. At present the use of a double rod with scheduled serial lengthenings seems to offer better results than the use of a single rod, due to its better capacity to control the spine. Early-onset @entity1635 should be distinguished from other types of @entity1635 . There are relevant doubts concerning the etiology and treatment, which should be addressed specifically.

title: [Management of early onset XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16391 :: ('MESH:C580539', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile idiopathic scoliosis', 'IIS']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is one of the major health and social problems in Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of @entity65 risk factors in adolescents residing in district 13 of Tehran. METHODS: Dietary intake assessment was undertaken with two separate 24-hour recall interviews with adolescents aged 11-18 years, selected from among 15005 subjects who were @entity1 of the Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study. After excluding the under- and over-reporters, 290 adolescents remained in the study. Data related to cigarette smoking was collected. Height and weight were assessed and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice at intervals in a seated position. Serum @entity165 , @entity1674 , and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were measured in a blood sample after 12 hours of fasting, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated. To determine the predictors of @entity65 risk factors stepwise linear regression was used. RESULTS: There were strong positive correlations between BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in @entity1 : (beta = 1.8, p < 0.001; beta = 0.8, p < 0.001) and @entity1 (beta =0.04, p < 0.001; beta = 0.05, p < 0.01). There was an inverse association between @entity460 intake and systolic (beta = -0.16, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure in @entity1 (beta = -0.36, p < 0.01), as well as inverse association between @entity460 intake and systolic (beta = -1.2, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (beta = -0.05, p < 0.05) and serum @entity1674 (beta = -0.1, p < 0.01) in @entity1 . Positive correlations were found between BMI and @entity165 in @entity1 (beta = 0.2, p < 0.01) and @entity1 (beta = 0.31, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Certain dietary and life style factors predict @entity65 risk factors in Tehranian adolescents.

title: Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adolescents: Tehran Lipid and XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the effect of recent @entity117 use on infarct size and the likelihood of Q-wave @entity1188 in @entity1 who sustain @entity583 . METHODS: We performed face-to-face interviews and chart reviews on 3665 @entity1 with @entity583 for the Determinants of @entity583 Onset Study. For the 2206 @entity1 who did not receive thrombolytic therapy, we assessed @entity117 use, peak @entity908 kinase levels (in 1043 @entity1 ), and electrocardiographic interpretations (in 1447 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Of the initial 1043 @entity1 , 317 (30. 3%) subjects reported @entity117 use in the 4 days before their @entity1188 . The mean +/- SD peak @entity908 kinase level for @entity117 users was 701 +/- 570 IU/mL versus 851 +/- 727 IU/mL for nonusers, an 18% difference (95% confidence interval [CI], 8% to 26%; P <.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the difference was 12% (95% CI, 2% to 21%; P =.03). Similarly, 38.9% of the @entity117 users and 48.7% of the nonusers sustained a Q-wave @entity1188 , an odds ratio of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.83, P <.001). The adjusted odds ratio was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97, P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Recent @entity117 use was associated with smaller infarct size and fewer Q-wave @entity1188 among this population of early survivors of @entity583 who did not receive thrombolytic therapy.

title: Recent @entity117 use is associated with smaller @entity583 size and lower likelihood of Q-wave XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Recently, concern has been raised on the connection between the use of oral contraceptives and @entity5 . When a @entity1 confronts a doctor with such fears, he finds that information and research in the area is limited and often inaccurate. The latest epidemiological studies found no risk of @entity0 associated with the use of @entity7280 . However, a subsequent study on the risk of @entity0 was twice that among pill users as compared to nonusers. It is known that oral contraception is a means of protection against the incidence of @entity43 ; however, a risk/benefit analysis of this needs to be pursued. More research on the etiology of @entity0 is needed. The findings of past research has been unreliable because it has been found that animal testing is not really accurate in the prediction of @entity5 . Post-marketing surveillance of oral contraceptives by manufacturers is rarely done because of expense and time although such a survey would allow for an assessment of risks and benefits. It is also known that advancing age at 1st full-term pregnancy increases the risk of @entity0 , and breast feeding for 6 months halves the chance for @entity0 in later life. A pill is needed to not only reduce the incidence of @entity43 but also of @entity0 .

title: XXXX risks of oral contraception.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and endometrial cancer', 'ovarian and endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity867 is a focal, @entity1779 that begins as a localized area of @entity75 and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. @entity1 with @entity299 are at risk of developing @entity867 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens for treating @entity867 in @entity1 with @entity299 . SEARCH METHODS: We updated the searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library Issue 12 of 12, December 2012, MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to December Week 4 2012), EMBASE Ovid (1980 to 2013 Week 01) and LILACS (1980 to 9 January 2013) on 9 January 2013. No language or publication restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that reported clinically meaningful outcomes and presented results on an intention to treat basis, irrespective of blinding, publication status, or language. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to be extracted, unblinded, by the two reviewers independently. MAIN RESULTS: No studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are no randomized controlled trials about the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens for treating @entity1 with @entity299 who developed a @entity867 . Currently, the antibiotic regimens used are based on previous retrospective studies and clinical experience. There is a need for a well designed multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of different antibiotic regimens.

title: Antibiotics for brain abscesses in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'Brain abscess']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']


abstract: The role of @entity134 therapy in @entity4 following acute @entity75 is still unsolved. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of @entity619 and @entity2713 , and to analyze the influence of timing and duration of treatment on cold-induced @entity4 . In @entity95 , a cryogenic lesion of the left parietal cortex was induced. 24, or 48 hrs after @entity130 , hemispheric swelling, water- and electrolyte-contents were measured. A first series of animals received @entity619 , @entity2713 or saline for 24 hrs, starting treatment 10 min after @entity130 . In a second series, @entity134 treatment lasted 48 hrs and in a third series the animals were additionally pretreated for 24 hrs. @entity619 and @entity2713 slightly decreased posttraumatic hemispheric swelling, from 7.7% in controls to 7.0% in treated animals. There was no significant difference between @entity619 and @entity2713 . Reduction of swelling was most pronounced in animals with 48 hrs treatment. Pretreatment with @entity230 was not superior to early posttraumatic treatment. On the other hand, @entity619 and @entity2713 significantly decreased cerebral water content in the traumatized and contralateral hemisphere, as well as in non-traumatized animals. The unspecific reduction of water content by @entity230 in @entity95 might explain the moderate therapeutical effect on @entity4 . This effect might be beneficial, nevertheless, with respect to an improvement of the intracranial compliance.

title: The effect of various XXXX treatment regimens on cold-induced @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling', 'brain oedema']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: 23 @entity1 were examined with regard to post-traumatic @entity2167 after having had a frontobasal injury of the skull. The occurrence of central @entity2167 was especially looked for. On the basis of preceding experiences with central hearing test methods gathered on @entity1 with noise-induced @entity2167 21 victims of accidents had to undergo the following three special tests apart from the usual audiometrical procedures: Dichotic discrimination test, acoustic trigger action of the impedance jump and direction audiometry. The investigations had the following results: 1. Damages of the inner ear in the high frequency range originate for the most part also in frontobasal @entity174 --basocochlear type. 2. Damages of the inner ear are small and indicate a continuous increase towards higher frequencies. 3. The dichotic discrimination test is positive only in a few cases (4 out of 21). 4. Direction audiometry clearly indicates the existence of central damages (increase of the lateral position angles). 5. With transanimated cases the deviations of central @entity2167 equal the average. As a consequence of the studies under consideration a search for central @entity2167 after frontobasal fractions of the skull is recommended. In these cases investigation methods of direction audiometry seem to be particularly convincing.

title: [Central hearing loss in XXXX with fronto-basal @entity174 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the skull']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing damage', 'hearing damages']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This observational study of 100 @entity235 naturally infected with @entity743 canis rossi determined whether severity of parasitaemia was associated with outcome of @entity281 and documented the relative distribution of parasitised red blood cells (pRBC) in capillary and venous circulation. The association between increased parasitaemias and outcome with a clinically compromised circulation was also investigated. Outcome was defined as either hospitalisation with @entity204 , or hospitalisation with eventual recovery or treatment as an outpatient. @entity235 were enrolled if large @entity743 were found on stained thin capillary blood smears made from an ear prick. Thin venous smears were prepared from jugular or cephalic blood. Parasitaemias were manually counted and expressed as the percent pRBC. Ten @entity235 died, 50 recovered after hospitalisation and 40 were treated as outpatients. Venous sampling site did not affect @entity1211 (P=0.6). Both capillary and @entity1211 of @entity235 that died were significantly higher than those of @entity235 that recovered after hospitalisation (P=0.002) and @entity235 that were treated as outpatients (P<0.0001). When assessing the whole group, capillary parasitaemia (median 0.61%, range <0.05-71.6%, interquartile range (IQR) 0.22-3.75%) was significantly higher than @entity1211 (median 0.14%, range 0-30.6%, IQR 0.046-0.52%) with P<0.0001. The 21 @entity235 with a clinically compromised circulation were more likely to die (P<0.0001) and had significantly higher capillary (median 5.98%, range 0.09-71.6%, IQR 2.44-19.41%) and venous (median 2.81%, range <0.05-30.6%, IQR 0.17-9.03%) parasitaemias than the 79 @entity235 with a clinically normal circulation (capillary median parasitaemia 0.38%, range <0.05-12.87%, IQR 0.16-1.42%; venous median parasitaemia 0.096%, range 0-6.13%, IQR <0.05-0.33%; P<0.0001). This study shows that high parasitaemia is significantly associated with @entity204 in B c rossi infected @entity235 . The previous clinical suspicion that @entity2478 are usually higher than @entity1211 is confirmed. Thus capillary samples are the most appropriate diagnostic samples. Prior observations that a clinically compromised circulation is associated with @entity204 are confirmed. Despite the highly significant association between compromised circulation and higher parasitaemia, it is thought unlikely that parasite burden is the sole trigger for circulatory collapse.

title: Capillary and @entity1211 canis rossi parasitaemias and their association with outcome of XXXX and circulatory compromise.

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary parasitaemias']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous parasitaemia', 'venous parasitaemias']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['Babesia', 'babesias']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Approximately 26 @entity362 have been reported since Zelger and colleagues' 1997 report of 5 cases involving the scalp and hands. In 2006, Laskin and colleagues published 21 @entity362 in a study restricted to @entity5 of the hands and feet. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 7 to 72 years (mean and median 39 y); there were 12 males and 9 females; the masses, which were mostly asymptomatic and solitary, ranged from 0.6 to 2.2 cm (median 1.2 cm, mean 1.3 cm) and involved fingers (N=17), hands or wrists (N=3), and toes (N=1). Microscopically, lesions were well circumscribed, of low cellularity, and consisted of cytologically bland spindle and stellate-shaped cells with a minor component of randomly dispersed adipocytes embedded in a collagenous to myxocollagenous stroma. @entity5 were @entity81 -like with dense fibrosclerotic stroma and inconspicuous blood vessels. One @entity5 exhibited features of @entity362 , whereas another displayed a vague onion skin-like arrangement of collagen reminiscent of a @entity3808 (storiform) @entity81 . The mitotic activity was negligible. Nonlipogenic cells were immunoreactive for @entity3778 (6/6) @entity2280 (6/8), S100 (4/7), and smooth muscle actin (2/6). Follow-up on 8 @entity1 (range, 1 to 20 y, median 9.5 y) revealed no recurrence in 6 and possible persistent @entity5 in 2 after simple excision. The slide circulated to club members was from a 35-mm @entity5 on the dorsum of the right hand of a male aged 75. Club members generally agreed with a diagnosis of @entity362 but opinions differed as to whether it is a specific entity or a variant of spindle cell @entity362 or @entity2343 .

title: Selected case from the Arkadi M. Rywlin International Pathology Slide Seminar: @entity3808 ( @entity81 -like) XXXX , dorsum of right hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic lipomas', 'lipoma', 'sclerotic lipoma', 'spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Eight tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic fibromyxolipoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['lipoma']