abstract: UNASSIGNED: Following incomplete @entity1566 , neonatal mammals display a remarkable degree of behavioral recovery. Previously, we have demonstrated in neonatal @entity19 a wholesale re-establishment and reorganization of synaptic connections from some descending axon tracts (Boulland et al., 2013). To assess the potential cellular mechanisms contributing to this recovery, we have here characterized a variety of cellular sequelae following thoracic @entity2850 , focusing particularly on cell loss and proliferation, @entity32 and reactive @entity5219 , and the dynamics of specific types of synaptic terminals. Early during the period of recovery, regressive events dominated. Tissue loss near the injury was severe, with about 80% loss of neurons and a similar loss of axons that later make up the white matter. There was no sign of neurogenesis, no substantial astroglial or microglial proliferation, no change in the ratio of M1 and M2 microglia and no appreciable generation of the terminal complement peptide C5a. One day after injury the number of synaptic terminals on lumbar motoneurons had dropped by a factor of 2, but normalized by 6 days. The ratio of @entity18358 /2+ to @entity18359 + terminals remained similar in injured and uninjured spinal cords during this period. By 24 days after injury, when functional recovery is nearly complete, the density of 5HT+ fibers below the injury site had increased by a factor of 2.5. Altogether this study shows that cellular reactions are diverse and dynamic. Pronounced recovery of both excitatory and inhibitory terminals and an increase in serotonergic innervation below the injury, coupled with a general lack of @entity32 and reactive @entity5219 , are likely to contribute to the recovery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cellular reactions and compensatory tissue re-organization during spontaneous recovery after @entity1566 in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Using video review, we seek to determine the frequencies of first-attempt success and adverse effects during @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) in a large, tertiary care, pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 undergoing @entity1170 in the @entity341 of a pediatric institution. Data were collected from preexisting video and written records of care provided. The primary outcome was successful tracheal intubation on the first attempt at laryngoscopy. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of any adverse effect during @entity1170 , including episodes of physiologic deterioration. We collected time data from the @entity1170 process by using video review. We explored the association between physician type and first-attempt success. RESULTS: We obtained complete records for 114 of 123 (93%) @entity1 who underwent @entity1170 in the @entity341 during 12 months. Median age was 2.4 years, and 89 (78%) were medical resuscitations. Of the 114 subjects, 59 (52%) were tracheally intubated on the first attempt. Seventy subjects (61%) had 1 or more adverse effects during @entity1170 ; 38 (33%) experienced oxyhemoglobin desaturation and 2 required cardiopulmonary resuscitation after physiologic deterioration. Fewer adverse effects were documented in the written records than were observed on video review. The median time from induction through final endotracheal tube placement was 3 minutes. After adjusting for @entity1 characteristics and illness severity, attending-level providers were 10 times more likely to be successful on the first attempt than all trainees combined. CONCLUSION: Video review of @entity1170 revealed that first-attempt failure and adverse effects were much more common than previously reported for @entity1 in an @entity341 .

title: Rapid sequence intubation for pediatric emergency XXXX : higher frequency of failed attempts and adverse effects found by video review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'rapid sequence intubation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Muscle exchange of @entity1522 ( @entity4556 ) was evaluated by using the arteriovenous-difference technique across the leg in seven @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and eight control subjects before and for 75 min after the ingestion of an AA mixture simulating an animal-protein meal. Total @entity4556 increased in arterial blood much more in @entity1 with @entity177 after AA ingestion than in control subjects, as a consequence of an exaggerated increase in nonessential @entity4556 (NEAAs) (+127%). Moreover, total @entity4556 were taken up by the leg in larger amounts than in control subjects (+71%, P < 0.0025) because of increased uptake of NEAAs (+156%, P < 0.005). Branched-chain AA uptake by the leg was, in absolute values, similar to that of control subjects; however, because of the increased uptake of total @entity4556 , branched-chain AA uptake was only 30% of total AA extraction, compared with 46% in control subjects. Abnormalities in AA uptake by muscle paralleled those in arterial @entity4556 . In fact the same @entity4556 that increased abnormally in blood were taken up by the leg at higher rates than in control subjects. Variations in arterial concentrations and muscle uptake of @entity4556 were inversely related to arterial @entity3157 concentration, suggesting a role for acid-base status in modifying both the arterial supply and muscle metabolism of @entity4556 . Results indicate that in @entity177 @entity1 the normal pattern of postprandial AA repletion is disrupted. Muscle tissue faces the increased and unbalanced postprandial supply of @entity4556 with an augmented and unbalanced uptake. Data are consistent with an abnormal use of exogenous @entity4556 in @entity177 @entity1 , possibly induced by @entity520 .

title: Disposal of exogenous @entity1522 by muscle in XXXX with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Oral @entity800 is as efficient as sequential antibiotic treatment in @entity497 ( @entity497 ). The current authors assessed whether oral @entity800 treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity497 , followed-up for 30 days, would save money. Over a 12-month period, 129 hospitalised @entity1 with severe non-intensive care unit @entity497 were randomly assigned to receive either oral @entity800 or sequential antibiotic treatment. Direct and indirect costs were compared over a 30-day period from several perspectives. @entity497 resolved in 71 out of 77 oral @entity800 (92%) and in 34 out of 37 sequential antibiotic treatment @entity1 (92%). @entity1 ' characteristics, treatment duration, hospital length of stay and mortality were similar in both groups. Drug acquisition costs were 1.7-times smaller in oral @entity800 @entity1 , who were less often transferred to rehabilitation centres, but they used more physicians' visits during follow-up and their total costs were lower. As only a minority of @entity1 was still active, inability to work and, hence, indirect costs were similar in both groups. In this study, oral @entity800 for severe non-intensive care unit @entity497 was equally effective as sequential antibiotic treatment, but did not lead to major costs savings except for drug acquisition costs. External factors linked with @entity1 ' characteristics and/or medical practice are likely to play a role and should be addressed.

title: Cost-effectiveness of full-course oral XXXX in severe @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: SUMMARY: @entity1 with @entity50 treated with Heparin or in situ thrombolysis in our department were evaluated in an attempt to rationalize treatment with heparin or thrombolysis. 279 @entity1 with angiographically proven @entity50 were included in the study. @entity1 were classified into mild and severe clinical grade. The study was divided into three phases. Phase I included 27 @entity1 treated with systemic heparin. Phase II included 72 @entity1 , 30 in severe grade and 42 in mild. 26 were thrombolysed with 14 in severe and 12 in mild grade. Phase III included 180 @entity1 treated according to a defined protocol. 133 were in mild grade and 47 in severe. 67 @entity1 were thrombolysed. In the thrombolysed group 27 @entity1 were in mild grade and 40 in severe. 113 @entity1 were treated with systemic heparin. Following acute management all were anticoagulated for six months. The baseline characteristics were found to be same in all three phases. On comparison of outcome in Phase III with Phase 1 the likelihood ratio was found to be statistically significant in favor of Phase III (p<0.0001). The likelihood ratio was found to be statistically significant in mild and severe clinical grade in favor of thrombolysis in Phase III (p 0.039 in mild and p 0.00001 in Severe clinical grade). This ratio was insignificant (p=0.716) for @entity510 ; however, local puncture site bleeding was found to be significant in the thrombolysed group (0.00005).

title: Heparin or local thrombolysis in the management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleed']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11069 , a synthetic form of @entity554 , induced apoptosis even in chemotherapy resistant cell lines. A phase II study was hence conducted to evaluate @entity137 and efficacy of @entity11069 in metastatic @entity703 . METHODS: Eligibility included unresectable or metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), adequate organ function and Zubrod performance status < or =2. Prior immunotherapy and a maximum of one prior chemotherapy regimen were allowed. @entity11069 was administered at a dose of 900 mg/m(2) twice daily orally for 7 days in a 21-day cycle. @entity137 was assessed at the start of each cycle, and response every 2 cycles. RESULTS: Nineteen eligible @entity1 enrolled of which fifteen had visceral/bone metastases. Seventeen @entity1 had prior nephrectomy and 11 had prior immunotherapy. 76 cycles of therapy were delivered. Therapy was very well tolerated with few severe @entity137 consisting of @entity715 in 1 individual and grade 3 fatigue, @entity390 and @entity294 in 1 @entity1 . 5 @entity1 had grade 2 @entity15535 and 3 @entity1 had transient grade 2 @entity227 . No objective responses were noted. Stable disease was seen in seven of nineteen cases (37%, 90% C.I. 0.21-0.59). Median time to progression was 1.5 months and median duration of stable disease was 5.8 months (90% C.I. 3.0-8.4). Median survival was 10 months. @entity5 @entity11069 levels were obtained in three @entity1 and were in the lower end of the therapeutic range. CONCLUSION: @entity11069 was well tolerated but demonstrated minimal activity that was consistent with results of intratumoral drug measurements. Strategies are needed that will increase systemic and @entity5 levels of @entity11069 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity11069 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['nyctalopia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity11069 :: ('MESH:D017313', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenretinide', 'fenretinide']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of the @entity1 with @entity179 , operated bilateral in a full-endoscopic unilateral technique. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective study was to examine the technical possibilities of full-endoscopic interlaminar bilateral technique with unilateral approach in @entity179 and predominant leg symptoms using new designed endoscopes and instruments. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Extensive decompression with laminectomy where appropriate, is often still described as the method of choice in the operation of @entity2649 . Nonetheless, tissue-sparing procedures are becoming more common. Endoscopic techniques have become the standard in many areas because of the advantages they offer in surgical technique and in rehabilitation. At the spine, 1 essential point was the developing of the instruments for sufficient bone resection under continuous visual control. This enabled the use in the operation of spinal canal stenoses. METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 with lumbar central @entity612 full-endoscopic unilateral decompression were followed for 2 years. In addition to general and specific parameters, these measuring instruments were used: VAS, German version North American Spine Society Instrument, Oswestry @entity1643 Disability Questionnaire. RESULTS: The results show that 70.8% no longer have leg @entity158 or it was nearly completely reduced and 22.2% have occasional @entity158 . The decompression results were equal to those of conventional procedures. The complication rate was low. The full-endoscopic techniques brought advantages in these areas: operation, complications, traumatization, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: The recorded results show that the full-endoscopic interlaminar bilateral decompression with unilateral approach is a sufficient and safe supplement and alternative to conventional procedures when the indication criteria are fulfilled. At the same time, it offers the advantages of a minimally invasive intervention.

title: Bilateral operation of lumbar degenerative central XXXX in full-endoscopic interlaminar technique with unilateral approach: prospective 2-year results of 74 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low-back Pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar central spinal stenosis', 'degenerative spinal central stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Studies have identified an association between @entity6 and @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 in Western countries. Such an association needs to be confirmed in an Asian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secular trend for @entity0 mortality in Taiwanese @entity1 in the general population and the mortality rate ratios between @entity6 @entity1 and the general population. METHODS: Age-specific mortality rates for the general population, categorised into groups aged 25-54, 55-64, 65-74 and > or =75 years, were calculated for the years between 1995 and 2006 (inclusive) from vital statistics published by the Taiwanese government. Linear regression was used to test the trends. A total of 131,573 @entity6 @entity1 aged > or =25 years from a national cohort recruited between 1995 and 1998 (inclusive) were followed prospectively for vital status, determined from the National Register of Deaths. Mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (mortality rate in @entity6 @entity1 vs the average and highest mortality rates for the general population) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 14,230 @entity1 aged > or =25 years in the general population died of @entity0 between 1995 and 2006. A trend for an increase in the annual rate was observed for all age groups. A total of 482 @entity6 @entity1 died of @entity0 , with a crude mortality rate of 45.7 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. Compared with the general population the relative risk of mortality for those with @entity6 ranged from 1.37 (for the group aged 55-64 years) to 2.43 (for the group aged 25-54 years). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We identified a secular trend of an increase in the rate of @entity0 mortality in the Taiwanese general population. Our data suggest a higher risk of @entity0 mortality in @entity6 @entity1 in all age groups.

title: Secular trend for mortality from XXXX and the association between @entity6 and @entity0 in Taiwan between 1995 and 2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caudal epidural @entity134 injections are commonly utilized to help reduce @entity158 in @entity2649 . There have been studies done to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure non-fluoroscopically guided. Search revealed no prospective studies evaluating the effectiveness of fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural injections on @entity1 with bilateral @entity158 from @entity2649 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic benefit of fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections in the treatment of bilateral @entity158 from symptomatic @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). DESIGN: This prospective cohort study was performed on 34 @entity1 with bilateral @entity158 from @entity2649 who received fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural injections at a multidisciplinary spine center as they did not improve with conservative care. The @entity1 ' @entity2649 was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The @entity1 were evaluated by an independent observer and completed questionnaires, prior to initial injection, at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after the injections. OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analog scale, @entity1 satisfaction scale, standing/walking tolerance scale and Oswestry low back @entity158 disability questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria and were followed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Sixty-five percent of @entity1 at 6 weeks, 62% at 6 months, and 54% at 12 months had a successful outcome, reporting at least a >50% reduction between pre-injection and post injection visual analog @entity158 scores. Fifty nine percent of @entity1 had an improved walking tolerance at 6 weeks (p <0.0001), 56% at 6 months (p <0.0001), and 51% at 12 months (p=0.0005). Fifty percent of @entity1 had an improved standing tolerance at 6 weeks (p= 0.0002), 54% at 6 months (p < 0.0001), and 51% at 12 months (p=0.0005). The @entity1 satisfaction scale revealed 64% of @entity1 felt completely or somewhat better at 6 weeks, 59% at 6 months and 52% at 12 months. @entity1643 disability questionnaire scores showed statistically significant improvement from initial scores to 6 weeks (p < 0.0001), initial to 6 months (p= 0.0095), and initial to 12 months (p=0.00015). The outcome was statistically significant even in severe stenotic @entity1 when comparing initial mean scores to 12 month mean scores in standing tolerance (p =0.2956), walking tolerance (p=0.0250), and VAS (p= 0.0199). CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections may help reduce bilateral @entity158 and improve standing and walking tolerance in @entity1 with @entity2649 .

title: Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Owestry low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis', 'Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis', 'DLSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar spine stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: This prospective study was carried out to assess the feasibility and safety of venous figure-of-eight suture to achieve haemostasis after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent catheter ablation of @entity955 were prospectively enrolled from February 2012 to September 2013. At the end of the procedure, a temporary subcutaneous 'Figure-of-eight' suture technique was used to achieve haemostasis. Anticoagulation strategy evolved during the study. Initially, @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) were stopped and replaced by administration of low-molecular-weight heparin. It was subsequently decided to perform these procedures without stopping VKA. With the arrival of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), it was decided to miss the evening dose before the procedure. One hundred and twenty-four @entity1 were included. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 were male, and the mean age was 58    10 years old. One hundred and twelve @entity1 (90%) experienced paroxysmal @entity955 and were treated by cryotherapy with the use of a 15 Fr outer diameter Flexcath Advance sheath. The 'Figure-of-eight' suture technique was able to be performed in all @entity1 and was sufficient in 114 @entity1 . Mechanical external compression was required for 10 @entity1 . Three @entity1 developed a haematoma. The overall incidence of haematoma was therefore 2.4%. CONCLUSION: Figure-of-eight suture is a fast closure technique that can be used as an efficient alternative to usual compression methods to prevent @entity548 during high-intensity anticoagulation and the use of large-diameter venous sheaths and multiple femoral venous accesses.

title: Feasibility and safety of temporary subcutaneous venous figure-of-eight suture to achieve haemostasis after ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: This study evaluated the physiological importance of @entity25331 Mas on reflex control of circulation. Experiments were performed in male Mas-knockout (Mas-KO) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) conscious @entity19 (12-20 wk of age). Baroreceptor reflex was evaluated by the bradycardic response induced by @entity2647 (0.25  g/5  l, i.v.). Bezold-Jarisch reflex was evaluated by @entity19441 (0.5  g/5  l, i.v.) and chemoreflex by @entity3983 (2.5  g/5  l, i.v.). Baseline mean arterial pressure was higher in Mas-KO (n=14) as compared with @entity164 @entity19 (n=18) (118  1 mmHg vs. 109  2 mmHg); however, heart rate was similar in both strains (615  30 bpm vs. 648  13 bpm). Baroreflex @entity1168 was lower (0.78  0.44 ms/mmHg vs. 1.30  0.14 ms/mmHg) in Mas-KO compared with @entity164 @entity19 . The depressor (-17  5 mmHg vs. -45  6 mmHg) and bradycardic (-212  36 bpm vs. -391  29 bpm) components of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex were also lower in Mas-KO @entity19 . In addition, chemoreflex pressor response (+20  3 mmHg vs. +12  0.8 mmHg) and bradycardic response (-250  74 bpm vs. -52  26 bpm) were significantly higher in Mas-KO. These results further advances previous studies by showing that the lack of Mas receptor induced important imbalance in the neural control of blood pressure, altering not only the baroreflex but also the chemo- and Bezold-Jarisch reflexes.

title: Altered cardiovascular reflexes responses in conscious XXXX Mas-knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19441 :: ('MESH:C008846', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbiguanide']

entities_list: @entity3983 :: ('MESH:D011190', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity25331 :: (17171(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to characterize the hippocampal formation in @entity1 with @entity161 by measuring neuron density, neuron size, and variability of @entity528 orientation. METHOD: Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 14 prospectively accrued elderly @entity1 with chronic @entity161 and 10 age-compatible individuals without @entity146 . Eight hippocampal regions of interest and two internal control regions (primary motor and visual cortices) were identified on Nissl-stained sections. Morphometric measurements were made without knowledge of diagnosis by means of a computer-based image analysis system. RESULTS: The @entity1 exhibited smaller neuron size in the hippocampal regions relative to the control regions, which was significant only for the subiculum, @entity1399 , and layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Neuron size in the control regions was nearly identical in the two groups. No significant differences in neuron density or in variability of @entity528 orientation were identified for any region. There was no correlation between neuron size in any area and several potentially confounding variables (age, post-mortem interval, neuroleptic exposure, sex, brain hemisphere studied, duration of illness), with the exception of a negative correlation with age in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Regression analyses indicated that the findings could not be attributed to these age effects. CONCLUSIONS: The subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and @entity1399 are the major subfields of the hippocampal region that maintain the afferent and efferent connections of the hippocampus with widespread cortical and subcortical targets. The smaller size of neurons in these subfields may reflect the presence of @entity2383 that disrupt these connections, which in turn could have important behavioral sequelae.

title: Smaller neuron size in XXXX in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal axis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural or functional impairments']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Intravenous infusion of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) has been shown to alter the net rate of clearance of 201Tl from transiently @entity63 and normally perfused @entity235 myocardium. This study was performed to determine if GIK would also decrease the extent of @entity4214 redistribution after transient @entity741 . Six anesthetized, open-chest @entity235 underwent two studies, one with GIK and another with saline infusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded, 201Tl injected, and the occlusion released 5-min later. An i.v. infusion of either GIK (4 @entity235 ) or saline (2 @entity235 ) was then begun and continued for the 120-min duration of serial myocardial imaging using a standard scintillation camera. The experiment was then repeated with an infusion of saline (4 @entity235 ) or GIK (2 @entity235 ). The dose of 201Tl for the second study was at least 5 times more than was used for the first study. The serial 2-min images were then displayed on computer and regions of interest were drawn over the areas of transient @entity63 (TI) and normal perfusion (NP). The ratio of average counts per picture element for the area of TI compared to NP was calculated. One hundred and twenty minutes after 201Tl administration, the change in the TI/NP ratio (% fill-in) was significantly less for the GIK infusion compared to saline infusion (control) 15.4 +/- 4.0% vs 26.2 +/- 6.0% (mean +/- SE) (P less than 0.01), respectively. Therefore, GIK infusion appeared to decrease the extent of @entity4214 redistribution compared to saline control.

title: The effect of XXXX -insulin- @entity972 on @entity4214 -201 myocardial redistribution.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: For @entity1 with @entity320 , interval or in-transit sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) have the same risk for nodal @entity3 as @entity4298 in traditional (ie, cervical, axillary, and inguinal) nodal basins. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Multicenter study. @entity1 : Eligible @entity1 were aged 18 to 70 years with @entity320 of at least 1.0-mm Breslow thickness and nodes with clinically negative findings. INTERVENTION: Sentinel lymph node biopsy was guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy to identify all SLNs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated interval nodal sites, including epitrochlear, popliteal, and subcutaneous or intramuscular nodes outside of traditional basins, for the presence of @entity3 . RESULTS: The SLNs were identified in 2332 nodal basins from 2000 @entity1 . In 62 @entity1 (3.1%), interval SLNs were identified. We found @entity4298 @entity3 in 442 (19.5%) of 2270 conventional nodal basins and 13 (21.0%) of 62 interval sites. In 11 (84.6%) of the 13 cases in which we found an interval node that was positive for @entity3 , it was the only site of nodal @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although interval SLNs are identified infrequently, they contain @entity3 at nearly the same frequency as SLNs in cervical, axillary, and inguinal nodal basins. Positive interval SLNs are likely to be the only site of nodal @entity3 . Therefore, detailed preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and meticulous intraoperative search for interval nodes should be performed.

title: Interval sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze possible @entity53 (E2)-independent and -dependent endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) suppression of pulsatile LH release between the mornings of diestrus 2 (D2) and proestrus by examining the LH response to @entity1510 infusions in the presence or absence of proestrous levels of E2. Pulsatile LH secretion remained unchanged between D2 and proestrus but mean blood LH levels, pulse amplitude and frequency increased within 24 hr following ovariectomy on D2. This increase was due in large part to the loss of E2 negative feedback, since restoration of physiological proestrous E2 levels returned LH pulse frequency to proestrous a.m. levels and greatly reduced pulse amplitude. In ovariectomized @entity35 lacking E2 negative feedback, continuous infusion of the EOP receptor antagonist @entity1510 (0.5 and 2 mg/kg/hr) caused a further increase in pulse amplitude and frequency. This @entity1510 -induced increment in pulsatile LH release was exerted via centrally located EOP receptors since @entity1510 did not alter pituitary responsiveness to LHRH, and its stimulatory action on pulsatile release was diminished by simultaneous infusion with @entity1286 . @entity1510 also increased pulsatile LH release in E2-treated animals. The @entity1510 -induced increments in LH pulse amplitude were the same in the presence or absence of E2 negative feedback. Moreover, the increments in amplitude produced by @entity1510 in E2-treated @entity35 were significantly less than those resulting from the combination of ovariectomy plus @entity1510 infusion in empty capsule-implanted @entity35 . These data indicated that @entity1510 infusion in E2-implanted animals blocked an E2-independent EOP suppression of this parameter of pulsatile release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analysis of @entity53 -independent and -dependent endogenous opioid peptide suppression of pulsatile LH release between the mornings of diestrus 2 and proestrus in the XXXX estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of an injectable mixed subtype collagenase for the treatment of @entity2074 ( @entity2074 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity85 of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of 20 degrees or greater were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 completing this phase could enter an open-label extension phase. The primary efficacy variable was clinical success: @entity1159 correction to within 5 degrees of normal (normal, 0 degrees ). Additional efficacy variables included the time and number of injections required to achieve success in the primary joint. Recurrence of @entity1159 to 20 degrees or greater in successfully treated joints and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-three of 35 @entity1 (mean +/- SD, 61 +/- 9 y) entering the double-blind phase completed the study; 19 of them entered the open-label extension. In the double-blind phase, clinical success of the primary joint was achieved in 16 of 23 @entity1 receiving 1 injection and in 21 of 23 @entity1 receiving 3 injections. No placebo-treated @entity1 achieved joint correction. In the open-label extension, 17 of 19 @entity1 achieved clinical success in at least 1 joint. The mean number of injections for clinical success in the double-blind and extension phases was 1.5 and 1.4, respectively; the time to clinical success ranged between 1 and 29 days. Overall, of 62 joints (31 MCP, 31 PIP) treated in 35 @entity1 , 54 joints achieved clinical success. Over the 24-month follow-up period after the last injection, 5 joints had a recurrence. The most frequent treatment-related AEs were local reactions to injections. AEs were mild and resolved over several weeks. There were no serious treatment-related AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The collagenase injections safely and effectively corrected MCP and PIP contractures in @entity1 with 1 or more @entity2074 -affected joints. Recurrence rates after treatment appear to be low. Data suggest that this collagenase appears to be a viable nonsurgical treatment option for @entity2074 .

title: Efficacy and safety of injectable mixed collagenase subtypes in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformities']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['DC', "Dupuytren's contracture"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's contracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity483 ( @entity483 ) in @entity1 has constantly and significantly increased worldwide in the past decades. Recent publications, however, reported a moderate decrease or levelling off in this parameter. The authors estimated the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity748 complaints among schoolchildren in Baranya county in the years 2003 and 2006 in order to register the possible changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both surveys were carried out by means of identical questionnaires which were consistent with the ISAAC Phase III. protocol. The data were collected in 16 primary schools (6 in a city, 10 in small settlements and villages) in February 2006. Finally 2404 questionnaires (1124 @entity1 , 1280 @entity1 ) in two age groups, among 6-7 and 13-14-year-old @entity1 were processed and compared to the data derived from the survey done in 2003. RESULTS: The prevalence of the "wheezing-ever" and "physician diagnosed @entity565 " did not change during the observation period (2006: 20.2% and 6.7%; 2003: 19.8% and 8.2%) but there was a significant increase in the frequency of "wheezing in the last 12 months" (2006: 9.6%; 2003: 6.8%). As expected, significantly higher prevalence rates were detected among @entity1 and in the 6-7-year-old age group than among @entity1 and in the 13-14-year-old age group in both surveys. There was no significant difference in the two surveys in the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity748 signs between @entity1 from a city and from small settlements. CONCLUSION: During the observation period of three years there was a significant increase "wheezing in the last 12 months", but the prevalence of "wheezing-ever" as well as the "physician-diagnosed @entity565 " remained unchanged.

title: [Prevalence of childhood XXXX in Baranya County, Hungary, between 2003 and 2006].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One possible sequela of @entity5300 ( @entity5300 ) is impaired external rotation (ER) of the shoulder which, in addition to its functional consequences, can generate a posterior humeral head subluxation or dislocation. The goal of the present study was to assess medium-term clinical and radiological results of release of the subscapularis muscle with transfer of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1985 to 1995, a continuous series of 32 @entity5300 @entity1 underwent subscapularis muscle release, associated in 24 cases to muscle transfer. Mean age was 2.5 years (range, 1-9.2 years). Shoulder function was assessed by measurement of passive ER and graded according to the modified Mallet classification at 1, 5 and 10 years' follow-up or before revision. The evolution of the @entity85 was assessed on CT images of glenoid retroversion and the humeral head subluxation (% of humeral head covered), before and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Mean postoperative follow-up was 9.5+/-5.6 years. Treatment brought significant improvement in passive ER (mean preoperative and 1-year follow-up values: -10 degrees and 52 degrees, respectively). This explained the good modified Mallet score at 1 year: mean=18.4/25. Subsequent significant progressive degradation was noted: 10 years postoperatively, mean ER amplitude and modified Mallet score were respectively 13 degrees and 15.8. The CT study showed correction of the glenoid retroversion (mean preoperative and 5-year follow-up values: 29 degrees and 18 degrees, respectively), and of the humeral head subluxation (mean preoperative and 5-year follow-up values: 25 and 39%, respectively). Surgical revision was indicated six times (five @entity1 ): two latissimus dorsi and teres major transfers (not performed initially) and four derotational humeral osteotomies. Three-quarters of the @entity1 who did not initially have muscle transfer had to be reoperated or else showed ER insufficiency at last follow-up. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment produces objective functional gain, even if this diminishes over time. Moreover, it prevents or corrects posterior subluxation of the shoulder. It is indicated when passive ER amplitude is negative. It seems advisable to associate release to muscle transfer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV Retrospective study.

title: Brachial plexus birth palsy XXXX treatment using subscapularis release combined to tendons transfer.

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric brachial plexus palsy', 'OP']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['shoulder deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the implications of using the new classification criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in clinical practice in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity625 . METHODS: The study group comprised 301 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naive @entity1 with early @entity625 . The baseline diagnosis was assessed by applying the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and 2010 ACR/European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) criteria for @entity309 as well as established diagnostic criteria for other @entity627 . Diagnostic and prognostic data were collected after 2 years of followup. Fulfillment of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria was evaluated in the subset of @entity1 in whom undifferentiated @entity625 (UA) was diagnosed when the 1987 ACR criteria were applied, and fulfillment of @entity309 criteria over time was tested by applying the 2 different criteria sets. RESULTS: The median @entity625 duration at baseline was 4 months (range 0-12 months). At baseline, 28% of the @entity1 fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria, and 45% fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for @entity309 . Among the @entity1 classified as having UA at baseline according to the 1987 ACR criteria, 36% had fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria already at baseline. Among the @entity1 classified as having UA at baseline but who fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria after 2 years of followup, 85% had fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria at baseline. @entity1 with @entity66 who fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were less likely to be autoantibody positive and more likely to have monarthritis at presentation than those fulfilling the 1987 ACR criteria. CONCLUSION: Use of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria clearly allows earlier diagnosis of @entity309 , although the clinical picture is slightly different on the group level, and @entity309 may be falsely diagnosed in some @entity1 with self-limiting disease.

title: The clinical picture of XXXX according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against @entity627 criteria: is this still the same disease?

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['very early arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Spontaneous extracranial @entity3 of @entity463 multiforme in the absence of previous surgery have been rarely reported (Table 1). We presented an autopsy case of @entity463 multiforme which spontaneously metastasized to the lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, liver, kidney, heart and spleen. A 68-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital with chief complaints of right sided @entity425 in July 1984. He was well until November 1983, when he noticed @entity425 of @entity1746 followed one month later by the @entity425 in the right arm. He was treated at another hospital under the diagnosis of @entity385 , but his right sided @entity425 gradually progressed. In June 1984, a diagnosis of @entity1313 was made by the neurological findings and CT scan, and he was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment. Neurological examination revealed disorientation, @entity1829 , @entity1269 , @entity427 and right hemisensory disturbance. CT scan revealed abnormal low density area in the left fronto-parietal lobe (Fig. 1) with irregular enhanced lesions on contrast CT scan (Fig. 2). Chest x-ray showed abnormal shadow in the right middle and lower lobe (Fig. 3) and a diagnosis of @entity8995 was suspected. The clinical states of this @entity1 took downhill course and he expired on July 13, 1984 by the complication of disseminated @entity5642 . The brain weight was 1400 gr. Dura mater and falx cerebri were tightly adherent to the left parietal lobe (Fig. 4). @entity1313 was found in the left fronto-parietal region. The @entity5 was poorly defined with @entity39 and @entity548 (Fig. 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity463 multiforme with extracranial XXXX without previous surgery: demonstration of extracranial @entity3 by peroxidase antiperoxidase staining and clinicopathological study].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Primary brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['right lower extremity']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral papilledema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['right hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1820 are among the most common cause of @entity5 and their long term survival is very low. This study was aimed to determine the effective factors on survival of @entity1820 among Iranian population during 5 years of follow up. METHODS: In total, 157 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1820 from 2007 to 2009 in the only center of endoscopy in Alvand city, northwest of Qazvin province were included and followed for five years. The univariate and multivariate analysis were done using Kaplan-Meier method and the @entity797 model respectively. RESULTS: Observations of 146 @entity1 were analyzed (99 (67.8%) males and 47 (32.2%) females). The mean age was 64.73   13.23 and 58.28  13.91 for females and males respectively. The one and three years survival rates for @entity418 were 28% and 9% and the one, three and five years survival rates for @entity356 were 31%, 26% and 14% and for @entity14 were 96%, 86% and 75% respectively. In the univariate analysis, variables of age, educational level, ethnicity, smoking, type of @entity5 , stage of disease and type of treatment had significant effects on survival. In the multivariate analysis, the type of @entity5 and type of treatment affected the survival of @entity1 as effective factors (p<005). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity418 and those who underwent RT _/or CT are exposed to higher risk of @entity204 . Combination therapies (Surgery and adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy) were related to be her survival. Early diagnosis and use of extended @entity5 screening programs seem necessary to improve survival.

title: Determination of Effective Factors on Survival of XXXX : Results of Five Years Follow up in Iranian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['GI Cancers']


abstract: @entity326 is characterized by surges of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity14463 ) along with @entity296 and systemic @entity551 . @entity14463 promotes the release of immunoreactive endothelin (ET). Because @entity14463 is elevated in @entity326 , we hypothesized that elevated levels of endothelin can contribute to @entity299 and @entity551 . We infused live @entity796 into anesthetized, hemodynamically monitored young @entity1707 and measured ET and @entity14463 . Septic @entity1707 developed systemic arterial @entity551 and had significantly elevated @entity14463 (4.15 +/- .41 U/ml at 1 h versus .40 +/- .13 U/ml at time zero) compared to control animals. ET levels were significantly elevated at 4 h (52.38 +/- 12.88 pg/ml vs. 10.45 +/- 1.82 pg/ml at time zero) and correlated negatively with the decline in cardiac output. We then passively immunized swine using anti @entity14463 prior to the induction of @entity295 to examine if TNF played a central role in the release ET. The anti @entity14463 effectively removed circulating @entity14463 bioactivity in septic animals. Anti- @entity14463 -treated animals did not develop significant systemic arterial @entity551 and had significant attenuation in endothelin (19.01 +/- 4.18 pg/ml at 4 h compared to 52.38 +/- 12.88 pg/ml in septic animals at 4 h) which correlated with preservation of cardiac output. @entity14463 may cause @entity299 in @entity295 syndrome through increased release of ET.

title: Release of endothelin in relation to @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha in porcine XXXX -induced @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rates of neonatal @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization and @entity281 after the implementation of a NICU @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 surveillance and isolation program and to describe the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization and invasive disease. METHODS: From August 2000 through August 2007, all @entity1 admitted to the study NICU were screened for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization with weekly nasal/rectal swabs; colonized or infected @entity1 were isolated and cared for as a cohort. The annual incidence rates of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization and @entity281 were monitored, and characteristics of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 -colonized and -infected @entity1 were compared. Data were collected from @entity1 , maternal, and hospital laboratory records. RESULTS: During the study period, 7997 @entity1 were admitted to the NICU and 102 @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 -colonized or -infected @entity1 (1.3%) were identified. The incidence of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 decreased progressively from 1.79 cases per 1000 @entity1 -days in 2000 to 0.15 cases per 1000 @entity1 -days in 2005, but the incidence then increased to 1.26 cases per 1000 @entity1 -days in 2007. Fifteen of the 102 case @entity1 (14.7%) had invasive infections; no significant differences between infected and colonized @entity1 were identified. @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 isolates with 14 different antibiograms were found during the study period. There was a shift from isolates predominantly likely to be hospital-associated in 2000-2004 to those likely to be community-associated in 2006-2007. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous program of weekly @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 surveillance cultures and isolation of affected @entity1 was associated with a variable incidence of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization over a 7-year study period. @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was not eradicated from this tertiary-care NICU, and our data suggest that @entity1 were colonized by multiple different @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 strains during the study period.

title: Seven-year experience with a surveillance program to reduce XXXX -resistant @entity794 colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: This retrospective study details 94 @entity1 after surgical resection of @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater to determine prognostic factors. The @entity5 was limited to the ampulla of Vater in 32%, invaded the duodenal wall in 34%, infiltrated 2 cm or less into the pancreas in 22%, and invaded more than 2 cm into the pancreas and/or other adjacent structures in 11%. Curative resection was accomplished in 97% of cases. After exclusion of perioperative @entity204 the 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 79.6%, 38.2%, and 31.6%, respectively with a median survival of 3.68 years. 26 @entity1 survived more than five and 15 @entity1 more than ten years. In an univariate analysis advanced @entity5 size, poor @entity5 grading, lymph node @entity3 and advanced UICC stage significantly decreased survival. Comparison of short and long survivors confirmed @entity5 size, lymph node status and UICC stage as significant prognostic factors. In a multivariate analysis (Cox model), only @entity5 size was a statistically independent predictor of prognosis. The survival probability increased with each year a @entity1 survived after resection. When a @entity1 had already survived five years after resection, the probability to survive another five years was 83%. Careful clinicopathologic staging is important for the prognosis after resection.

title: @entity189 of the ampulla of vater: determinants of long-term survival in 94 resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Staging of @entity788 still represents a challenge for surgeons involved in this field. Diagnostic methods of radiological imaging used routinely (CT, NMR, angiography) may understage this @entity5 . In fact, the presence of peritoneal or subglissonian hepatic micrometastases (< 2 cm) is a frequent surprise at laparotomy and forces the surgeon to use a palliative procedure. Actually this policy has not to be followed because the possibility to perform @entity954 of @entity1087 or @entity158 respectively by percutaneous radiological stent insertion and celiac alcoholization. In this viewpoint, preoperative staging has acquired an important role for a correct treatment, be it surgical or medical. Laparoscopy allows it to overcome the understaging produced by the more common diagnostic means, with the possibility to view directly the celomatic space and the surface of the abdominal viscera; moreover, during this procedure it is possible to perform a peritoneal washing to obtain other information about the @entity5 stage. In our experience, 56 @entity1 were judged as resectable by radiologic methods; 31 were excluded from surgery by laparoscopy; 10 of the remaining 25 cases were submitted to radical resection. The operative resectability rate resulted in 40%, against 18% in cases where we submitted to surgery all the @entity1 . Seven @entity1 underwent peritoneal washing, always with a negative result; all were submitted to surgery and radically resected. In our opinion, laparoscopy and peritoneal washing represent useful tools in the staging of @entity1 affected by @entity788 .

title: Implication of laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology in the staging of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['non-surgical palliation']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: SUMMARY: Embolization in the territory of the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) can be unsafe even after detailed pretherapeutic angiographic evaluation due to changes in haemodynamics and opening of anastomotic channels. A 60-year-old @entity1 underwent angiogram and @entity887 for @entity5 . The @entity5 was embolized using contour @entity939 particles of 150-250 um. At the end of the particulate injection the @entity1 had posterior circulation @entity64 . The check angiogram showed near total devascularisation of the @entity5 and in addition filling of the left vertebral artery through an anastomotic channel. MRI confirmed the @entity1188 in the posterior circulation. The ascending pharyngeal artery has potential anastomoses to all neighbouring major arteries, and the anastomoses to the vertebral artery in our case were through the musculospinal artery. This case highlights the importance of potential vascular anastomotic channels as a cause of ischaemic complication during the @entity887 procedure. It also highlights the fact that dangerous anastomoses may only be visualised in the later phase of @entity887 probably due to changes in the haemodynamic pressure. The angiographic anatomy of APA is reviewed with potential communications with the internal and external carotid and vertebrobasilar systems.

title: Posterior circulation @entity64 following XXXX of glomus tympanicum?relevance of anatomy and anastomoses of ascending pharyngeal artery. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glomus tympanicum tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: Effects of @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) which has been used for antifouling paint of ship's hulls and fishing nets on the immune system in @entity2386 ( @entity2386 ) were investigated. After short-term exposure to a high level of @entity2385 , leucocytes in the head kidney from 1-year-old flounder were examined for the proportion of neutrophils in total leucocytes. Also examined were their respiratory burst activities using flow cytometry, the reduction of @entity2387 (NBT) and lysozyme activities. Furthermore, long-term exposures to a relatively low level of @entity2385 using young flounder were also carried out. The proportion of neutrophils in total leucocytes prepared from head kidney in each fish exposed to @entity2385 at 20 microg/L for 5 days and the reduction of NBT by leucocytes prepared from the same experimental conditions increase compared to the control group. The contents were 42.0+/-6.8 and 52.5+/-6.3%, respectively. Significant differences of the NBT reduction were observed between 0 and 20 microg/L @entity2385 exposure groups. On the other hand, the respiratory burst activity of cells in the exposure group clearly showed a tendency to decrease compared to the control group. Furthermore, high level of @entity2385 also inhibited lysozyme activity which plays an important role for the bacteriocidal procedures. However, similar results were not obtained in the exposure group with a relatively low level of @entity2385 . To determine the immunotoxic effects of @entity2385 , @entity281 experiments using pathogens which are naturally occurring should be further investigated.

title: Effects of @entity2384 on the immune system of XXXX ( @entity2386 ).

entities_list: @entity2386 :: ('8255', 'Species') :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus', 'Japanese flounder']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

answer: @entity2386 :: (8255,Species) :: ['Japanese flounder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1184 treatment for @entity1 is generally planned in accordance with the degree of @entity1224 and related morbidity. If surgical treatment is indicated, the individual risk/benefit analysis of @entity1 should be assessed in terms of anesthetic and @entity260 . Although there are few alternative treatment options, these may be considered as a nonsurgical approach in less serious cases. Accordingly, studies about intranasal steroid applications under various protocols have been presented. STUDY DESIGN: The prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 indicated for surgery were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated by @entity5023 nasal drops ( @entity168 -nasal steroid drops) of 400 microg/day for 8 weeks. The control group was treated by normal saline (NS) in the same way. All the @entity1 were called for follow-up every 4 weeks. RESULTS: At the end of 8 weeks, statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) was observed in the @entity168 treated group compared to the NS treated group in terms of nasal @entity1224 , mouth @entity1353 , @entity854 , @entity386 and night cough. At the end of 8 weeks, the average total symptoms score of the @entity168 treated group dropped from 13.7 to 2.9 while the NS treated group's score changed from 14.8 to 14.6. After 8 weeks of @entity168 treatment the initial adenoid/choana (A/C) rate had dropped from 87 to 56% and a total decrease of 35.6% was observed. After 8 weeks of NS treatment the A/C rate dropped from 87 to 85% and a total decrease of 2.2% was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the effect of @entity5023 nasal drops on @entity1184 is examined for the first time. This method provides an effective alternative to surgical treatment in @entity1 with @entity1184 . With the protocol applied in this study 76% of the @entity1 were eliminated the surgery and removed from the surgical waiting list.

title: Medical treatment of XXXX with " @entity5023 nasal drops".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid hypertrophy', 'adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['speech abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']


abstract: The cell autonomous response to @entity1800 is carefully regulated to induce type I interferons (IFNs), which in turn induce the establishment of an antiviral state. @entity368 -rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1 ( @entity18675 ) and @entity22042 are 2 related proteins that have been identified as interacting with @entity4100 and @entity22043 , a @entity368 -rich repeat protein. @entity22042 positively regulates NFkB and macrophage cytokine production after lipopolysaccharide, but less is known about @entity18675 . We hypothesized that @entity18675 could be more important in antiviral responses, as overexpression led to type I IFN production in a pilot study. The induction of type I IFNs occurred even in the absence of virus, but was enhanced by the presence of virus. Conversely, knockdown of @entity18675 compromised IFN expression. We found that @entity18675 was rapidly recruited to influenza-containing early endosomes in a @entity1435 -dependent fashion. This was specific for virus-containing endosomes as there was almost no colocalization of @entity18675 with early endosomes in the absence of virus. Further, @entity18675 was recruited to RNA-containing vesicles. Taken together, these data suggest that @entity18675 participates in cell responses to virus at early time points and is important for type I IFN induction.

title: XXXX -rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1 regulates a rapid type I interferon response.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine', 'Leucine']

entities_list: @entity22043 :: ('2314', 'Gene') :: ['Flightless I homolog']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['Leucine']


abstract: A chemostat enrichment of soil bacteria growing on @entity3971 as the sole @entity505 source has been shown to exhibit quite high @entity4965 ( @entity4966 )-degrading activities. To identify the bacterial populations responsible for the high @entity4966 -degrading activity, a multidisciplinary survey of the chemostat enrichment was conducted by employing molecular-ecological and culture-dependent approaches. Three chemostat enrichment cultures were newly developed under different @entity3971 -loading conditions (0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 g liter(-1) day(-1)) in this study, and the @entity4966 -degrading activities of the enrichments were measured. Among them, the enrichment at 0.75 g liter(-1) day(-1) (enrichment 0.75) expressed the highest activity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments detected a Variovorax ribotype as the strongest band in enrichment 0.75; however, it was not a major ribotype in the other samples. Bacteria were isolated from enrichment 0.75 by direct plating, and their 16S rRNA genes and genes encoding the largest subunit of @entity3971 hydroxylase (LmPHs) were analyzed. Among the bacteria isolated, several strains were affiliated with the genus Variovorax and were shown to have high-affinity-type LmPHs. The LmPH of the Variovorax strains was also detected as the major genotype in enrichment 0.75. Kinetic analyses of @entity3971 and @entity4966 degradation revealed, however, that these strains exhibited quite low affinity for @entity3971 compared to other @entity3971 -degrading bacteria, while they showed quite high specific @entity4966 -degrading activities and relatively high affinity for @entity4966 . Owing to these unique kinetic traits, the Variovorax strains can obviate competitive inhibition of @entity4966 degradation by the primary substrate of the catabolic enzyme (i.e., @entity3971 ), contributing to the high @entity4966 -degrading activity of the chemostat enrichments. On the basis of physiological information, mechanisms accounting for the way the Variovorax population overgrew the chemostat enrichment are discussed.

title: Unique kinetic properties of @entity3971 -degrading variovorax strains responsible for efficient XXXX degradation in a chemostat enrichment culture.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to clarify the occurrence of delayed union after surgical treatment of mandibular @entity174 and investigate whether an association exists between perioperative use of @entity619 and delayed union. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were included in a prospective randomized study. Of these @entity1 , 19 (51.4%) were randomized to receive a total dose of 30 mg of @entity619 and 18 (48.6%) served as controls. @entity1 underwent clinical and radiological investigation immediately, one month, three months and six months postoperatively. Radiographs were evaluated by an experienced, blinded senior oral radiologist. RESULTS: Delayed @entity174 union was found in 9 @entity1 (24.3%). It was associated significantly with angle @entity174 (p=0.012). Delayed union occurred more frequently in @entity1 who received @entity619 (36.8%) than in those who did not (11.1%) (p=0.068). The association of @entity281 with delayed union was significant (p=0.027). Moreover, @entity619 was significantly (p=0.019) associated with delayed @entity174 union with concomitant @entity281 . Gender, age group, smoking habit, treatment delay and duration of surgery were not associated with delayed union. CONCLUSIONS: Infection was associated with delayed union. Short-term high-dose @entity619 predisposed to complicated @entity174 union, especially in @entity1 with angle @entity174 . The relationship between @entity619 and delayed @entity79 remains unresolved.

title: Influence of perioperative @entity619 on delayed union in mandibular XXXX : A clinical and radiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing without infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) arising in the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare. Management of sphenoid sinus @entity1179 is especially challenging because of the paucity of sinonasal symptoms on presentation and the inherent surgical risks associated with the anatomic location of the sphenoid sinus. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of all @entity1 with @entity1179 arising within the sphenoid sinus. RESULTS: A total of five @entity1 were identified. All @entity1 were managed with endoscopic resection. The most common presenting symptom was @entity10 (three @entity1 ). The mean follow-up period was 37.6 months (range, 10-79 months). Two @entity1 with erosive skull base lesions adjacent to the internal carotid artery were managed with a staged endoscopic resection. Only one @entity1 developed a recurrence after 38 months and underwent revision endoscopic resection. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of sphenoid @entity1179 allows maximal resection with minimal morbidity and facilitates endoscopic postoperative surveillance. Complete preoperative radiological assessment of @entity5 extent is essential. Preoperative medical therapy can help normalize inflamed mucosa and minimize @entity954 . For large erosive @entity1179 , surgical risks may be minimized by considering a staged resection and using computer-aided surgery.

title: Challenges in the management of sphenoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'Inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: @entity8160 and insulin share many biological activities, including stimulation of cell proliferation, ion flux, glycolysis, @entity844 and glycogen synthesis, and activation of receptor-linked @entity669 kinase activity. In the kidney, insulin has been shown to regulate transport processes and inhibit gluconeogenesis in the proximal tubule. Since the kidney represents a major source of EGF, the present studies investigated whether proximal tubule contained EGF receptors, whether EGF receptors were localized to apical or basolateral membranes, and whether EGF receptor activation participated in the regulation of an important proximal tubule function, gluconeogenesis. Specific EGF receptors were demonstrated in the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule. Following incubation with 125I EGF, basolateral membranes demonstrated equilibrium binding at 4 degrees C and 23 degrees C. There was 78 +/- 2% specific binding (n = 13). The dissociation constant (Kd) was 1.5 x 10(-9) M and maximal binding was 44 fmol/mg protein. There was ninefold more specific binding to proximal tubule basolateral membrane than to brush border membrane. In basolateral, but not brush border membranes, EGF induced phosphorylation of the @entity669 residues of intrinsic membrane proteins, including a 170 kDa protein, corresponding to the EGF receptor. In the presence of the gluconeogenic substrates, @entity493 , @entity880 , and @entity4588 , proximal tubule suspensions synthesized @entity413 . EGF inhibited @entity413 production in a concentration-dependent manner over a concentration range of 3 x 10(-11) to 3 x 10(-9) M. In addition, EGF inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated @entity413 production in the proximal tubule suspensions. EGF did not significantly increase net @entity413 metabolism nor decrease cellular @entity855 concentrations. Therefore, these studies demonstrated that @entity35 proximal tubule contained specific receptors for EGF that were localized to the basolateral membrane and linked to @entity669 kinase activity. EGF significantly inhibited proximal tubule @entity413 production without significantly increasing net @entity413 consumption.

title: @entity8160 binding, stimulation of phosphorylation, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in XXXX proximal tubule.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective trial started in 2010, aiming at developing models for @entity137 and @entity323 after radiotherapy for @entity263 . This analysis is finalised at highlighting correlations between clinical/dosimetric factors and acute urinary specific symptoms, as measured by single questions of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). MATERIALS/METHODS: IPSS was prospectively collected before and at the end of radiotherapy; absolute weekly bladder dose-surface histograms (DSHw) were chosen as dosimetric descriptors. Relevant clinical factors were prospectively gathered. Backward feature selection was used to identify variables to be included in logistic models for moderate-severe (scores   4) urinary symptoms. RESULTS: Complete data of 262 @entity1 (120 conventional fractionation, 142 hypofractionation) were available. Smoking was a strong predictor for feeling of incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency and straining; neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and use of antihypertensive drugs were risk factors for intermittency and weak stream, respectively. The baseline score was a major predictor for all symptoms with the exception of intermittency. DSHw were correlated to increased risk of frequency, intermittency, urgency and @entity2183 . Most models showed moderate-high discrimination (AUC   0.60-0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and other clinical and dosimetric factors predict for specific moderate-severe acute urinary symptoms; baseline condition heavily modulated the risk in most endpoints.

title: Multi-variable models predicting specific XXXX -reported acute urinary symptoms after radiotherapy for @entity263 : Results of a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['urinary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have been implicated to maintain immunologic tolerance. They have been investigated in acute renal allografts rejection episodes (ARE). This study was performed to examine the frequency of peripheral blood (PB) @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) Treg cells among liver transplantation @entity1 with prior benign end-stage @entity409 in relation to ARE. METHODS: This prospective analysis of 55 @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation from 2004 to 2009 did not include prisoners either as donors or recipients. PB was obtained from liver transplant @entity1 longitudinally: pretransplantation, posttransplantation within 1 year, and at the time of an episode of ARE to measure by flow cytometry circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells. Blood samples were drawn during ARE with concomitant liver biopsies. The rejector group was defined in the 14/55 cases who suffered an ARE; in the other @entity1 with stable liver function were classified as the nonrejector group. We compared the number of circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in the levels of circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells pretransplantation. Interestingly, circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells were significantly lower among the rejector compared with the nonrejector (2.23    0.54% vs 2.99    0.86%; P < .01). Longitudinal analysis revealed circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells of @entity1 in the rejector group to be significantly lower during rejection than during quiescence (2.23    0.54% vs 3.68    0.70%; P < .0001). The frequency of circulating @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cells negatively correlated with a Rejection Activity Index (r = -0.80; P < .01). CONCLUSION: Monitoring peripheral @entity404 (+)CD25(high) @entity403 (+) T cell levels may be useful to evaluate the immune state, potentially acting as a sensitive marker for ARE diagnosis among liver transplantation @entity1 . Moreover, they may contribute to the mechanisms of Treg-mediated acceptance of liver transplantations.

title: Decreased circulating XXXX +CD25highFoxp3+ T cells during acute rejection in liver transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: To test the widely believed but poorly proved hypothesis that the cerebral symptoms observed during @entity943 are caused by a reduced cerebral blood supply, we examined the effects of single and multiple @entity1540 (or @entity1165 of short duration) on the cerebral microcirculation. Six anesthetized @entity468 were used. Ectopic ventricular systoles of various sequences were produced by electrically stimulating the ventricle through a bipolar needle-type electrode for 1 to 50 times at a rate of 300/min. The local cerebral blood volume (CBV) and blood flow (CBFLD) in the cortex were measured continuously employing the photoelectric and laser Doppler methods. CBV reflects the cumulative dimensions of the cerebrocortical microvessels. Ectopic ventricular contractions, as confirmed by electrocardiograms, always reduced the CBV and arterial blood pressure in a total of 104 attempts. The CBV reductions ranged from 0.20 +/- 0.03 vol% for a single ectopic beat to approximately 0.6-0.8 vol% for runs of 8 or more beats. The CBFLD reductions measured with the laser Doppler flowmeter were 10-35%. The reductions in CBV and CBFLD during the @entity943 could be attributed to the abrupt and marked @entity551 . Runs of @entity1540 have significant effects on the cerebral microcirculation, whether clinically apparent or not.

title: Effects of XXXX on the cerebral microcirculation in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ventricular beats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early maxillary arch changes in @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ), using a simple measurement technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A measurement model technique simplified from previously reported methods was used to analyze early maxillary changes of four non-syndromic complete @entity3384 . Study models of these cases were evaluated before presurgical orthopedic treatment and lip reconstruction (T1) and prior to palatal closure (T2). Comparisons of maxillary arch changes were performed. RESULTS: At T1, protrusion with or without deviation of the primary palate and different amounts of cleft width were found. Anterior @entity133 arch width was larger than the posterior At T2, the primary palate was retracted and initial lateral displacement was corrected. Cleft widths were narrowed at all levels with the narrowest part located anteriorly, corresponding with the increasing of primary palate arch width. Posterior @entity133 arch width was wider than the anterior region. Although the posterior @entity133 arch was lengthened, total @entity133 arch length was decreased which could be attributable to a large retraction of the primary palate. CONCLUSION: Early morphological and positional changes to the three segments of maxillary arch could be visualized and clarified with this technique, using study models and arch form superimposition methods.

title: Early maxillary arch changes in XXXX : a report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['BCLP', 'complete bilateral cleft lip and palate']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['complete bilateral cleft lip and palate']


abstract: Quantification of F(2)- @entity10329 is considered a reliable index of the oxidative stress status in vivo. Several immunoassays and chromatography/mass spectrometry-based assays are available for @entity16569 quantification. However, it remains unclear if results of immunoassays using different assays can be compared with those of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 ) assays. Previous studies comparing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and more specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assays have already indicated that ELISAs may overestimate @entity16569 concentrations in @entity1 plasma. Concentrations of @entity16569 in 25 @entity1 plasma and urine samples were measured by three commercially available ELISA assays (Assay Designs, Cayman Chemical and Oxford Biomedical Research) and compared with the concentrations measured with a validated, semi-automated high-throughput HPLC tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). All three ELISAs measured substantially higher @entity16569 concentrations (2.1-182.2-fold higher in plasma; 0.4-61.9-fold higher in urine) than LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . Utilization of solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns, especially @entity10329 affinity purification columns, brought ELISA @entity10329 urine concentrations closer to the LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 results. However, SPE did not have much of an effect on ELISA plasma concentrations which remained significantly higher than corresponding LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 results. A poor correlation not only between LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 and immunoassay results, but also among the immunoassays was found. Especially in plasma, ELISAs grossly overestimate @entity16569 concentrations and are not comparable with each other or with LC/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . It is most disturbing that a sample with relatively high concentrations measured with one ELISA may show low concentrations with another ELISA, and vice versa, potentially affecting the conclusions drawn from such data. The use of specific mass spectrometry-based assays seems advisable.

title: Quantification of XXXX in @entity1 plasma and urine: results from enzyme-linked immunoassay and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry cannot be compared.

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane', 'isoprostanes']

answer: @entity16569 :: (MESH:C535011|MESH:C075750,Chemical) :: ['15-F2t-isoprostane']


abstract: An @entity3044 test was performed in 69 @entity1 during electrophysiological investigation to assess its diagnostic value in adrenergic supraventricular or @entity1165 . Sixteen control subjects had no symptoms on exercise and routine exercise stress testing did not trigger any hyperexcitability. Sixteen @entity1 had reproducible documented @entity4710 induced by exercise (13 paroxysmal @entity591 , 3 focal @entity591 ). Eight @entity1 had @entity67 related to effort. Twenty-nine @entity1 had supraventricular and/or @entity67 only at rest. Electrophysiological investigations included paired @entity11705 and paced rhythm followed by programmed ventricular stimulation using one and then two extrastimuli delivered during sinus rhythm and paced @entity67 . These stimulation studies were carried out under basal conditions and then during low dose @entity3044 infusion (10 to 40 micrograms) which accelerated the heart rate to 130/mn. Electrophysiological and conduction parameters and the mode of induction of the @entity591 (defined as at least 5 successive echos with a configuration similar to the clinical @entity591 ) were studied. We observed an acceleration of anterograde and retrograde conduction and a shortening of the effective atrial and ventricular refractory periods but these changes were found equally in the different groups of @entity1 and were not related to the induction of @entity591 . The induction of paroxysmal junctional @entity591 by @entity3044 was a very sensitive (92%) and specific (100%) diagnostic method. Its diagnostic value was much greater than Holter monitoring (25%) and exercise stress testing (12.5%). Induction of @entity1165 by @entity3044 was also very sensitive (75%) and specific (95%). The diagnostic value was higher than exercise stress testing (71%) and Holter monitoring (62%). @entity3044 did not affect the induction of @entity17017 unrelated to effort and even suppressed the triggering of some episodes. In conclusion, the induction by atrial or ventricular pacing or spontaneous supraventricular or @entity1165 during @entity3044 infusion was very specific and correlated with the concept of @entity591 induced by exercise and therefore of adrenergic nature. The sensitivity of this test was excellent in @entity1 with @entity4710 (95%) and very good in @entity1165 (75%). On the other hand, the changes in the electrophysiological parameters were not specific for a group of @entity1 .

title: [Diagnostic value of the @entity3044 test in effort XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11705 :: ('MESH:C563907', 'Disease') :: ['atrial stimulation during sinus rhythm']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardias', 'tachycardia', 'tachycardias', 'junctional tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hyperexcitability', 'ventricular rhythm']

entities_list: @entity17017 :: ('MESH:D005598', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous tachyarrythmias']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. However, many residents of underserved areas may be unaware that they potentially are affected. STUDY DESIGN: In an observational cross-sectional study, we examined the diagnostic yield of screening for @entity740 and @entity65 risk factors using mobile units that traveled to poor communities in Jalisco, Mexico. SETTING _ @entity1 : We excluded individuals who were aware that they had @entity740 and those < 18 years of age. OUTCOMES: Glomerular filtration rate, cardiovascular risk. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic data, socioeconomic status, blood pressure, fasting @entity413 , and dipstick urinalysis. RESULTS: 3,734 @entity1 ; 29.3% @entity1 and mean age of 57.4 +/- 13.0 years. Most (99.7%) had no history of @entity65 ; however, 43.5% had a history of @entity6 , 11.4% had dipstick-positive @entity644 , 62.0% had blood pressure in the @entity101 range, and 15.8% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate compatible with stages 3-5 @entity740 . In @entity1 with no history of @entity65 , proportions with predicted 5-year risks of new cardiovascular events <5%, 5%-10%, 10.1%-20%, 20.1%-30%, and >30% were 10.0%, 11.7%, 26.6%, 20.7%, and 30.9%, respectively. Screening 18 @entity1 aged < 40 years would be expected to detect 6 new cases of @entity101 or 2 new cases of @entity6 . LIMITATIONS: Data may not be generalizable to all low-income settings or other regions of Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 , @entity644 , and cardiovascular risk factors were detected frequently when mobile units were used to perform screening in poor areas of Jalisco, Mexico. This suggests that trials of targeted screening and intervention are feasible and warranted.

title: Screening for @entity740 and XXXX risk factors using mobile clinics in Jalisco, Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: By immunohistochemistry it was found that @entity3549 - and peptide HI/peptide HM (PHI/ @entity6454 )-like immunoreactivity occurred in autonomic neurons in the human @entity788 . Antisera against both @entity3549 and PHI/ @entity6454 reacted with neuronal cells in local ganglia and these ganglia also contained PHI/ @entity6454 - and @entity3549 -immunoreactive fibre plexuses. @entity3549 - and PHI/ @entity6454 -positive fibres were also seen close to the Langerhans' islets. In addition, PHI/ @entity6454 - but not @entity3549 -like immunoreactivity was observed in the endocrine cells often located in the periphery of the islets. The nature of these PHI/ @entity6454 -positive cells remains to be established. I.v. infusion of @entity3549 at constant rates of 300 and 900 pmol/kg X h for 30 min in 6 healthy volunteers resulted in plateau values of 102 +/- 26 and 291 +/- 25 pM, respectively. These levels of @entity3549 which are above those found in the circulation under physiological conditions stimulated secretion of insulin, C-peptide and pancreatic glucagon dose-dependently. On the contrary prolonged (60 min) infusion of @entity6454 in doses resulting in plasma levels up to 1340 +/- 405 pM had no effect on pancreatic hormone secretion. These findings suggest that @entity3549 is a likely neurotransmitter in the control of endocrine pancreatic secretion while @entity6454 has a less prominent role, if any.

title: Occurrence of @entity3549 and peptide HM in human XXXX and their influence on pancreatic endocrine secretion in man.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is especially common in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). This study examined the extent to which risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity455 were associated with @entity323 severity in @entity308 @entity1 . The sample included 46 middle-aged [M (s.d.)=53 (7) years], sedentary @entity1 diagnosed with @entity308 . @entity323 severity was assessed by the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), item 3. @entity308 severity was measured by the Beck @entity308 Inventory-II (BDI). The Framingham risk score was calculated as a composite measure of @entity65 risk factors. Vascular endothelial function was measured by @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery. Regression analysis showed that ASEX scores were predicted by the greater Framingham risk score (beta=0.41, P=0.008) and lower @entity384 (beta=-0.38, P=0.01), but not by BDI scores (beta=0.00, P=0.99). When @entity384 was included in the regression model, the relationship between Framingham risk and ASEX scores was partially attenuated (beta=0.27, P=0.08). @entity323 was associated with greater @entity65 risk and impaired vascular endothelial function in depressed @entity1 . @entity65 risk factors may affect @entity323 through impairment of vascular endothelial function.

title: @entity65 risk, vascular health and XXXX among middle-aged, clinically depressed @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the differences in the presence of myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in the upper trapezius,sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae and suboccipital muscles between @entity1 presenting with @entity4048 and control healthy subjects. Twenty subjects with @entity4048 and 20 matched healthy controls participated in this study. TrPs were identified, by an assessor blinded to the subjects' condition, when there was a hypersensible tender spot in a palpable taut band, local twitch response elicited by the snapping palpation of the taut band, and reproduction of the @entity158 typical of each TrP. The mean number of TrPs present on each neck @entity158 @entity1 was 4.3 (SD: 0.9), of which 2.5 (SD: 1.3) were latent and 1.8 (SD: 0.8) were active TrPs. Control subjects also exhibited TrPs (mean: 2; SD: 0.8). All were latent TrPs. Differences in the number of TrPs between both study groups were significant for active TrPs (P < 0.001), but not for latent TrPs (P > 0.5). Moreover, differences in the distribution of TrPs within the analysed cervical muscles were also significant (P < 0.01) for all muscles except for both levators capulae. All the examined muscles evoked @entity158 patterns contributing to @entity1 ' symptoms. Active TrPs were more frequent in @entity1 presenting with @entity4048 than in healthy subjects.

title: Myofascial trigger points in subjects presenting with XXXX : a blinded, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['mechanical neck pain']