abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration biopsy in individual lesions of the salivary glands. STUDY DESIGN: During a 16-year period (1979-1995), 841 @entity3359 were investigated by fine needle aspiration with cytologic examination. The lesions affected the parotid gland area in all cases except 85 and 19, respectively, in which the submandibular gland and oral cavity (more often the palate) were involved. RESULTS: Approximately 3% (25/841) of the aspirates were inadequate, and in 97% of cases they represented the result of samplings performed outside our institution. The 816 diagnostic aspirates comprised 245 cases negative for @entity5 cells (benign cysts, inflammatory, malformed, @entity179 ), 571 positive for @entity5 cells (benign; malignant; not otherwise specified [NOS]); metastatic to the salivary gland tissue; or to the intraparotid or periparotid lymph nodes). Among the 245 cases negative for @entity5 cells, 36 underwent surgery, and the absence of a @entity5 was histologically confirmed in all cases but one (a low grade @entity3975 , underdiagnosed as a @entity6112 ). Among the 571 @entity1 having a cytologic diagnosis positive for @entity5 cells, in 518 the lesion was removed and the @entity5 nature confirmed. The cytologic diagnosis of a @entity1313 demonstrated a good correlation with histology except in an oncocytic adenoma diagnosed as a @entity4724 , in a basal cell adenoma diagnosed as @entity5123 , in a low grade @entity3975 of the palate diagnosed as a polymorphous low grade @entity420 and in a vegetative @entity5642 diagnosed as a possible @entity5 , NOS. CONCLUSION: The accuracy was 97%, the sensitivity to the presence of a @entity5 98% and the specificity for absence of a @entity5 98%. Despite the relative rarity of @entity5 , if established diagnostic criteria are present and strictly observed, the great majority of the common variants of the nonneoplastic and both benign and @entity5 can be diagnosed with a high level of accuracy. There remains a proportion of "problem cases" due to the rarity of the lesions, and in these circumstances the uncertainty must be conveyed to the surgeon openly, leaving the diagnosis open, with a few suggested differential diagnoses.

title: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of XXXX . A reappraisal of pitfalls and problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['retention cyst']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland lesions']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant salivary gland tumors', 'salivary gland tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity3359 :: (MESH:D012466,Disease) :: ['salivary gland lesions']


abstract: This study describes the management of @entity14 , diagnosed in 1988, of residents in three South Thames Districts. Of the 328 cases identified as having being diagnosed in 1988, case notes were retrieved on 263 (80%) including 62 registered by death certificate only. There were 159 cases (61%) of @entity694 and 104 cases (39%) of @entity5 . Of these, 172 cases (68%) were admitted electively and 90 (32%) as emergencies. @entity1 subsequently diagnosed with @entity694 had a relative risk of being admitted through emergency (relative to @entity5 @entity1 ) of 1.39 (95% C.I.: 1.16, 1.67). Elective admissions varied significantly by district of residence (P < 0.0001) ranging from 36-65% for @entity694 and from 63-92% for @entity5 across the three districts. Dukes' stage was recorded in only 143 (54%) sets of case notes, with significant variation by district of residence in the proportion of elective @entity1 for whom a Dukes' stage was indicated (P < 0.01). Two-hundred and thirty-six (90%) cases received treatment. Of the treated cases, 233 @entity1 received surgery with 29 cases of @entity694 (18%) and 32 cases of @entity5 (31%) receiving adjuvant therapy. The proportions of anterior resection, AP resection and colostomies given, varied by district. @entity1 presenting for elective surgery were more likely to be treated by a consultant than @entity1 presenting on emergency: the relative risks were 2.58 (95% C.I.: 1.74, 3.82) for @entity694 @entity1 and 4.93 (95% C.I.: 2.20, 11.06) for @entity5 @entity1 . In 44 (26%) @entity694 cases and 21 (22%) @entity5 cases it was explicitly stated that the @entity5 had not been fully resected. For @entity5 the five year relative survival rates were 35% (95% C.I.: 21%, 50%), 52% (95% C.I.: 34%, 70%), and 14% (95% C.I.: -2%, 30%) in districts A, B and C respectively. The corresponding figures for @entity5 were 45% (95% C.I.: 27%, 64%), 62% (95% C.I.: 41%, 83%) and 24% (95% C.I.: -1%, 50%). There were wide variations in the representation, management of and survival from @entity14 across the three districts. Differences were significant at the level of district of residence, mode of presentation and surgical grade. More assiduous recording of Dukes' stage is imperative if consensus is to be achieved on effective management. Further work is also warranted on district differences in diagnostic and referral protocols.

title: Management of XXXX in three South Thames District Health Authorities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'rectal tumours', 'rectal cancers', 'colon tumours', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Campylobacteriosis is frequently associated with @entity5011 . Poultry are frequently highly colonized with @entity5363 and are a major foodborne vehicle for campylobacteriosis. In this study, high titer anti-GM1 antibodies were found in the serum of a laboratory worker who developed campylobacteriosis. The microbiologically confirmed strain VLA2/18 (non-serotyped) was isolated from the worker and subsequently inoculated into @entity1573 , resulting in high titers of serum antibodies to GM1. However, none of the immunized @entity1573 in our study showed any noticeable @entity16 , such as @entity912 or cramping. High titer anti-GM1 antibodies in @entity1573 and @entity1 sera strongly inhibited spontaneous muscle action potential in an in vitro system of spinal cord and muscle cell co-culture. In addition, @entity281 of @entity1573 with @entity5363 strains 81116 ( @entity34769 ) and 99/419 (HS21) or immunization with purified GM1, GM2, and GM3 resulted in elevation of serum anti- @entity4163 antibodies with an inhibitory effect on spontaneous muscle action potential. Immunoabsorption studies demonstrated that this inhibitory activity is due to anti- @entity4163 antibodies. On the other hand, anti-GM1 is the only specific human serum antibody to induce an inhibitory effect on neuromuscular junctions. Chicken anti-GM1 antibodies showed a strong inhibitory effect, but anti-GM2 and -GM3 had weaker activities. Taken together, our data suggest that campylobacteriosis in @entity1573 may provide a strong link between @entity281 and the development of anti- @entity4163 antibody-mediated @entity1897 .

title: @entity1 and chicken antibodies to gangliosides following @entity281 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: Circulatory support devices are frequently required in postcardiotomy shock, postmyocardial @entity1188 , and acute @entity2401 . A panel of cardiac surgeons addressed the use of these devices in 4 @entity1 . @entity1455 after mitral valve replacement was considered best served by a left ventricular assist device (VAD) with apical rather than atrial cannulation. A left VAD should be placed first and a right VAD only if needed. Acute @entity583 shock was considered best treated with a left VAD with left ventricular cannulation to avoid @entity715 . If cardiac transplantation is an option, a long-term device must be considered. Young @entity1 with acute fulminant @entity2401 should be implanted with VADs in anticipation of recovery, and transplantation should be delayed. @entity1 with severe @entity712 after coronary bypass grafting were considered best served by an extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) system or a VAD. Current postcardiotomy survival rates of postcardiotomy @entity1 of 20% to 40% are worthwhile, but can be improved. Temporary devices such as ECMO can be changed to more long-term devices when necessary.

title: Mechanical circulatory support for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction shock']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In dialysis @entity1 , there are two issues to consider, water-electrolyte control and a bypass technique for a calcified aorta. We used continuous hemofiltration for water-electrolyte control and an off-pump bypass with arterial grafting for a calcified aorta. METHODS: We performed coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation in 9 cases and without extracorporeal circulation (off-pump bypass) in 3 cases. In 6 cases, the operation was urgent, and in 6 cases the operation was elective. RESULTS: An average of 3.2 grafts/pt, (the arterial graft: 1.3 grafts/pt) was performed in the pump cases. In the off-pump bypass cases we used arterial grafting only (1.7 grafts/pt). We had 1 early @entity204 (sudden @entity204 ) and 1 hospital @entity204 ( @entity75 ). One @entity204 due to @entity1779 occurred at 2 years later. We used continuous hemofiltration for 2 to 11 days (average 3.9 days) in the pump cases. The off-pump cases could be controlled by conventional hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Continuous hemofiltration was very easily set up with less interference to the hemodynamics. Using an arterial graft with off-pump bypass, an aortic no-touch technique and water control with conventional hemodialysis were possible.

title: Coronary artery bypass grafting in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['late death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['SLE encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The teratogenic and growth-inhibiting potential of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis inhibitors was explored using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: @entity1238 (FETAX). Endpoints measured in 96-h static tests were survival, @entity600 , ability to swim, skin pigmentation, stage of development, and growth. The DNA synthesis inhibitors @entity1862 , @entity2592 , and @entity5611 proved to be teratogenic by the severity of @entity600 induced. @entity1862 gave an LC50 of 1.82 mg/ml, an EC50 ( @entity600 ) of 0.43 mg/ml, while the values for @entity5538 arabinsode were 5.41 and 0.76, respectively. The values for @entity5611 were 0.05 and 0.035. The RNA synthesis inhibitor @entity4316 and the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 were more embryolethal than teratogenic but significantly inhibited growth as determined by head-tail length measurements. @entity4316 caused severe @entity600 , while @entity1880 caused relatively minor abnormalities. The LC50 for @entity4316 was 1.89 mg/ml, while the EC50 ( @entity600 ) was 2.17 mg/ml. For @entity1880 , the values were 1.59 and 1.19, respectively. FETAX advantages include rapid data collection, the ability to measure stage-dependent effects, and the ability to use a large number of embryos to obtain excellent dose-response curves with narrow confidence limits. Disadvantages include lack of a metabolic activation system, absence of a placental relationship, and the inability to detect specific abnormalities such as @entity4218 in 96 h.

title: Analysis of the activity of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis inhibitors on XXXX embryo development.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea', 'hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb defects']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D', 'actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: A central issue in @entity5 research is how @entity5 evolve and acquire a more @entity146 phenotype. It is a widely discussed hypothesis that @entity5 cell populations progress by evolutionary change as a result of the generation of a variant cell through genomic instability followed by selection of particular variant clones having a growth advantage within the particular tissue environment. Genetic instability appears to be characteristic of neoplastic cells, but no consistent increase in instability seems to accompany progression of the malignant phenotype of the @entity5 . It is reasonable to assume that quantitative or qualitative changes of cellular oncogenes contribute to the emergence of more malignant phenotypes. Although any one of the molecular changes of cellular oncogenes identified over the past years is a good candidate as an element in progression, amplification appears particularly frequently as a correlate to advanced @entity5 stage. The fact that amplification does not show up in all progressing @entity5 of a particular type, for instance in only 50% of @entity5 , is often construed as speaking against a role in progression. One should be aware, however, that it is the enhanced expression of a gene consequent to amplification and not amplification per se that affects the cellular phenotype. There are alternative molecular pathways by which expression of a particular gene may become deregulated. During the past decade much information has accrued about genetic alterations in @entity5 cells. The activation of the oncogenic potential of cellular genes can take different routes among which mutational alteration, translocation and amplification predominate. In particular, amplification has found its way to practical use due to its association with more aggressively growing types of @entity1 @entity5 . @entity4180 amplification in @entity521 is a paradigm for the prognostic significance of oncogene alteration, and at the same time has represented the clinical debut of oncogene research. The full significance of oncogene amplification as a predictor for poor prognosis became clear with the more recent identification of amplified @entity1722 in aggressively growing @entity0 . The state of the art is that amplified cellular oncogenes define @entity5 @entity1 who have a poor prognosis and require a specific therapeutic regimen.

title: Enhanced expression of the cellular oncogene @entity4180 and progression of XXXX @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced-stage neuroblastomas', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is an uncommon but potentially serious complication in the early postpartum. Two case studies seem to prove the point: Case 1 A 24-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our hospital with the chief complaint of @entity490 radiating to the right thigh, vomit, @entity294 , and a slight pyrexia (37.6   C rectal). Five days earlier, she had a spontaneous vaginal delivery after labor induction. The @entity1 appeared slightly distressed because of @entity158 ; vital signs were found to be normal and the CRP elevated (129.9 mg/L). Abdominal examination was remarkable for tenderness by palpation in the right lower quadrant with no rebound tenderness or guarding. Pelvic examination was remarkable for mild right adnexal tenderness. Abdominal-pelvic computer tomography with contrast medium revealed a 2.5-cm @entity43 having extended into the inferior vena cava for 14 cm with a slight peripheral @entity4 . The @entity1 was treated with nadroparin 0.6 cc (5700 IU) bid and @entity1229 5 mg since the attainment of the therapeutic INR range. Case 2 A 31-year-old twin-pregnant @entity1 had an emergency cesarean section at 35 gestational weeks because of @entity101 complicated by increased liver enzymes, diuresis contraction, and continuous lower @entity615 bilaterally radiating to the groins. One day after delivery, CT scan that was performed because of onward @entity417 showed a pelvic, perihepatic, and @entity1503 , and a 1-cm right @entity43 extended to the inferior vena cava below renal veins for 28 mm. She underwent exploratory laparotomy and blood transfusion, and because of @entity1576 she was transferred to a second level center with ICU facility, where she was placed under a suprarenal inferior vena cava filter, and AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy for @entity1151 was performed.

title: Puerperal XXXX : two case reports.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian vein thrombosis', 'OVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['perisplenic blood effusion']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian vein thrombosis']


abstract: The @entity8434 is the @entity281 caused by the larval form of the echinococcus in a @entity1 or an animal organism. The infection can take part in any organ or tissue. About 20 percent of the @entity8434 of all locations are situated in the lungs. We present the results of the surgically treated @entity358 . Various surgical methods of treatment were used, from the most economic ones to the most radical ones. In the last 32 years 234 @entity1 were treated of @entity358 . 224 of them were treated surgically, using the standard preoperative proceedings. Surgical methods based on the intraoperative patho-anatomic structure of the hydatid cysts were used with very sufficiently results. We preferred the economic, sparing surgical methods and used more radical ones just in a few cases. Five @entity1 had a letel issue (2.23%), and three @entity1 (1,34%) had a recidive of the @entity358 .

title: [ XXXX of the lungs].

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['Echinococcosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6860 attenuated adenovirus, @entity18886 (Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, CA), has demonstrated antitumoral activity in @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 . This study evaluated the effects of intratumoral @entity18886 injection combined with systemic chemotherapy. METHODS: Inclusion criteria included: (1) recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 , not surgically salvageable, (2) @entity5 amenable to direct injection, and (3) no prior chemotherapy for recurrent disease. @entity1 received @entity18886 (10(10) plaque-forming units) intratumorally for 5 days, @entity900 (80 mg/m2) on day 1, and @entity1487 (800-1000 mg/m2) on days 1-5. This cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. Serial physical examination and computed tomography were used to assess @entity5 size and treatment response. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were enrolled, and nine @entity1 were evaluable for response at the time of enrollment. The mean age of the evaluable @entity1 was 60.8 years (range, 46-71 years). Mean maximum @entity5 diameter was 4.8 cm (range, 1.9-10.5 cm). Treatment-related @entity137 included @entity390 (n = 7, 77.8%), @entity391 (n = 5, 55.6%), @entity33 (n = 5, 55.6%), @entity158 at the injection site (n = 5, 55.6%), @entity1142 (n = 4, 44.4%), and @entity1295 (n = 4, 44.4%). @entity5 control was obtained in all nine @entity1 (100%) (mean observation time, 157 days). Complete clinical response was seen in three @entity1 (33.3%), partial response was seen in three @entity1 (33.3%), minor response was seen in one @entity1 (11.1%), and two @entity1 (22.2%) had stable disease. Median time to local progression of disease has not been reached (range, 35-356 days). CONCLUSIONS: @entity18886 adenovirus plus systemic @entity900 and @entity1487 provides antitumor activity and @entity5 control in @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 . This novel treatment approach offers hope for @entity1 with limited treatment alternatives and provides the foundation for a phase III clinical trial.

title: A prospective phase II trial of XXXX adenovirus and chemotherapy in recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 (the Baylor experience).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'target tumor', 'Locoregional tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity18886 :: (MESH:C464532,Chemical) :: ['ONYX-015']


abstract: @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 are inflammatory diseases with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and collagen deposition. Collagen homeostasis is controlled by metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We evaluated MMP and @entity2843 balance in induced sputum of 10 control, 31 untreated asthmatic, and 16 chronic bronchitic subjects. We first performed zymographic analysis to identify the profile of MMPs. Zymography revealed a similar MMPs profile in all populations studied and that @entity1495 was the major enzyme released. We then measured, using enzyme immunoassay, the concentrations of @entity1495 and of its inhibitor @entity2843 and evaluated whether airflow limitation may be associated with an imbalance between these enzymes. @entity1495 and @entity2843 concentrations were greater in sputum of @entity1 with @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 than in control subjects. The molar ratio between @entity1495 and @entity2843 was lower in @entity748 and chronic bronchitics than in control subjects, and positively correlated with FEV1 values. In @entity565 , @entity1495 levels were significantly correlated with the number of macrophages and neutrophils. This study shows that airway inflammation in @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 is associated with an imbalance between @entity1495 and @entity2843 which may have a role in the pathogenesis of ECM remodeling and airflow obstruction.

title: Sputum metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio correlates with airflow obstruction in @entity565 and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: Inflammation of the prostate can be induced experimentally in @entity35 by the subcutaneous administration of @entity172 . However, it is usually achieved at the price of some alteration in the sex @entity134 hormone balance and morphological changes in the prostate. In this study, a soy-extracted @entity3093 mixture with weak estrogenic activity was administered orally in an attempt to induce @entity1069 in a more physiologic way and to characterize the @entity32 induced. A total of 36 male @entity35 , 8 weeks old, were divided into 2 groups. The control group was fed with only an AIN-76A diet containing no detectable phytoestrogen and the experimental group was fed with AIN-76A and a soy- extracted @entity3093 mixture ( @entity670 60.0% and @entity8139 19.6%), 300 mg/kg body weight for 9 weeks. The sequential body weight and prostate weight at necropsy were measured. A histologic examination and histomorphometry assessed the changes in the prostate. The serum concentrations of @entity251 and @entity586 were measured to estimate the effects on the @entity342 level. Intraprostatic concentrations of @entity670 and @entity8139 were measured by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (GC/ @entity15 ). While no sign of @entity1069 was apparent in the control group, severe inflammatory changes in the stroma, increased epithelial detachment and inflammatory exudates within the glandular lumen of the dorsolateral prostate were observed in more than 80%(15/18) of the experimental group. However, there was no significant difference in the ventral prostate between the two groups. The @entity8139 and @entity670 concentrations in both the lateral and ventral prostates were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group where no @entity3093 was detectable. In addition, the concentrations were much higher in the dorsolateral than in the ventral prostate. Although the body weight gain was not consistent in the experimental group, there were no significant differences in the prostate weight and serum @entity342 level between groups. In summary, when a soy-extracted @entity670 and @entity8139 -rich @entity3093 mixture was administered orally into @entity35 , @entity1069 with characteristic lobe specificity developed. The present method of inducing @entity1069 seems to be a more physiologic than an @entity172 -induced experimental model, and sequential pharmacokinetic studies might help in establishing this model as a more valuable tool in assisting future research in this field.

title: Development of @entity35 @entity1069 model by oral administration of XXXX and its characteristics.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation', 'prostate inflammation', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3093 :: (CHEBI:18220,Chemical) :: ['isoflavone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To relate Gram-stained smears, using the Nugent criteria, to quantitative and qualitative vaginal cultures in pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: Two independent evaluators using the Nugent criteria, a standardized method of Gram-stain interpretation designed to detect bacterial @entity6981 , scored 104 vaginal smears from pregnant @entity1 . The quantitative and qualitative vaginal cultures were assessed at the same time and the results expressed as log(10) colony-forming units per gram of vaginal secretion. The Nugent scores were compared with the microbiologic findings. RESULTS: The prevalence of normal, intermediate, or @entity6981 as determined by Gram stain was 68%, 21%, and 11%, respectively. A comparison of the mean bacterial counts with the Nugent score showed a weak negative correlation for Lactobacillus species and a positive correlation for gram-variable and gram-negative rods. Additional analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the mean bacterial counts analyses of Peptostreptococcus, a genus not included in the Nugent scoring system, and the Nugent score. In addition, the Prevotella counts correlated strongly with both the Nugent score and the Peptostreptococcus counts. The quantitative counts for Lactobacillus did not vary significantly among the three defined groups of vaginal microflora; however, significant increases in the concentrations of @entity8439 and Prevotella were found as the Nugent score increased. CONCLUSION: A strong correlation was found among the gram-variable and gram-negative genera comprised by the Nugent score. Peptostreptococcus also correlated strongly with the Nugent score and with the Prevotella counts, suggesting that this genus may play a role in determining vaginal health.

title: Nugent score related to vaginal culture in pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8439 :: ('2702', 'Species') :: ['Gardnerella vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis vaginal flora', 'vaginosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The relationship between heart rate and left @entity4032 (LASS) was investigated in 12 conscious @entity235 . Atrial pacing, vagal blockade, @entity3044 , and beta-adrenergic blockade were used to change heart rate and the inotropic state of the atrium. LAEDD decreased linearly as heart rate increased. LAEDD averaged 33.0 mm (+/- 0.6 mm SEM) and decreased by 3.2 mm (+/- 0.4 mm SEM) with a change in heart rate of 50 beats/min. The ratio of LASS/LAEDD decreased as LAEDD decreased with increasing heart rate, but there was less of a reduction in the ratio at the extreme levels of LAEDD change with @entity3044 and vagal blockade. @entity1169 reduced LASS at any LAEDD. At lower heart rates the reduction of LASS with pacing could be corrected by returning LAEDD to near control levels with a rapid infusion of fluid. It is concluded that LASS is primarily dependent on LAEDD and the inotropic state of the atrium. At higher heart rates, though, some effect of frequency can be observed. @entity3044 and vagal blockade (increased contractile state) reduced the dependence of LASS on LAEDD.

title: Effect of heart rate on left atrial systolic shortening in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial end-diastolic diameter (LAEDD) and left atrial systolic shortening']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Infection with the @entity1082 is an important co-factor in the development of cervical @entity189 . Accordingly, HPV DNA is recognised in most of these @entity5 . Polymorphism of the @entity876 gene, codon 72, is also considered a risk factor in the development of @entity2622 . However, this finding is contradicted by several observers. In the present investigation, 111 cases of @entity420 collected through the Swedish @entity5 Registry and 188 controls (females with normal cytology at organised gynaecological screening) were analysed with regard to @entity876 , codon 72, polymorphism using a PCR- and SSCP-based technique. In the controls, 9% showed pro/pro, 44% pro/arg and 47% arg/arg, whereas in the invasive @entity420 , the corresponding figures were 0%, 29% and 71%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). HPV DNA was identified in 86 @entity5 (HPV 18 in 48, @entity1799 in 31 and HPV of unknown type in 7 cases) and 25 @entity5 were HPV negative. The @entity876 , codon 72, genotypes observed in @entity420 were not statistically different (P = 0.690). The results indicate that @entity1 homozygotic for arg/arg in codon 72 of the @entity876 gene are at an increased risk for the development of cervical @entity420 . However, this genetic disposition seems to be unrelated to the @entity281 .

title: The significance of XXXX codon 72 polymorphism for the development of cervical @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity7462 contains transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ) and other inhibitory factors for cellular proliferation. In the present study we investigated the possibility that these factors are produced locally by cells found within the iris and ciliary body. Iris and ciliary body (I/CB) cells or whole tissue explants from C57BL/6 @entity19 produced soluble factors which inhibited both @entity19 thymocyte and mink lung epithelial cell proliferation. @entity3352 partially blocked inhibition of thymocyte proliferation, but did not affect inhibition of Mv1 Lu proliferation. The inhibitory activity of culture supernatants was not blocked by neutralizing antibodies to @entity641 or @entity11579 . However, following acid activation of culture supernatants from both I/CB and corneal tissue, increased inhibitory activity consistent with activation of latent TGB-beta was detected. Antibody neutralization experiments demonstrated that this increase in activity was due primarily to @entity11579 for I/CB tissue. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cDNA generated from I/CB tissue mRNA showed prominent fragments representing both @entity641 and @entity11579 mRNA. Corneal tissue, however, showed a prominent fragment for @entity641 mRNA, but either no band or a barely detectable fragment for @entity11579 mRNA. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether @entity11579 mRNA is produced by the cornea in this strain. Overall, these results demonstrated that three distinct categories of substances inhibitory to proliferation may be locally produced by resident iris and ciliary body cells: 1) @entity3352 sensitive products, 2) @entity11579 in latent form, and 3) factors not blocked by @entity3352 or anti- @entity641 neutralizing antibodies. Products generated by these tissues may have important regulatory properties in the development of immune responses to antigens introduced into the anterior chamber.

title: Production of latent transforming growth factor-beta and other inhibitory factors by cultured XXXX iris and ciliary body cells.

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The @entity470 gene is the most frequently involved proto-oncogene in @entity1 @entity1313 , in the present series in agreement with previous reports in literature. It is therefore important to study this gene from DNA to the protein product. The vicinity of cystic fluid (C.F.) to @entity5 cells of the cystic wall has suggested investigation of possible "E.G.F.-like" autocrine activities in C.F. In 40% of @entity11 , E.G.F.-R. gene is amplified and overexpressed. This is never observed in low grade @entity816 . In 12% of the cases, mutations of the E.G.F.-R. gene are observed. In correlation with genomic abnormalities, E.G.F.-R. is immunoprecipitated in 40% @entity11 . The basal phosphorylation of the receptor is increased in 50% @entity11 . In C.F., unexpectedly, E.G.F.-R. phosphorylation inhibitory effect is observed. Its biochemical analysis suggests an anti- @entity669 kinase activity. The observation of anti- @entity669 kinase activity in C.Fs suggests the presence of negative modulatory factors of the proto-oncogene activation in @entity5 tissues. This could have therapeutical interest.

title: [The EGF receptor pathway in @entity1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['glial brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cerebral tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the absence of recommendations from drug regulatory agencies for most medications to treat severe @entity162 or mixed episode in adolescence, this study aims to (i) describe the pharmacological treatment prescribed in an inpatient setting for acute @entity162 or mixed episodes in adolescents; (ii) determine whether type of episode, duration of stay, improvement, and @entity716 features were associated with the nature of the given treatment; (iii) compare the results with evidence-based data. METHOD: From 1993 to 2003, we received 80 subjects, aged 12 to 20 years, consecutively hospitalized for a @entity162 or mixed episode. Socio-demographic, clinical and treatment data were extracted by reviewing @entity1 ' charts. Treatment data were available for 75 subjects. RESULTS: Most @entity1 received a combination treatment including mood stabilizer (82.6%), classical antipsychotic (AP) (86.6%) and atypical AP (24%). Despite prolonged hospitalisation (minimum stay = 17 days), 69 (86.2%) @entity1 were scored very much or much improved at discharge. Secondary therapeutic options occurred in 15 subjects because of poor therapeutic response (N=13), severe adverse effects (N=5) or both. Two @entity1 had electroconvulsive therapy as third therapeutic option. Adolescents with @entity716 symptoms were significantly more frequently treated by @entity1091 (Fisher exact test: p=0,0052). No other variable was associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study reported on patterns of medication use that mainly followed treatment recommendations and evidence-based data existing in adults. However, the presence of @entity716 features appeared to favour the use of @entity1091 in this French sample.

title: Medication use in adolescents treated in a French psychiatric setting for acute XXXX or mixed episode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['manic']


abstract: Although the management and the control rates of @entity101 are generally low throughout the world, there are substantial differences between the countries. The aim of this study was to determine the control rate of blood pressure and the characteristics of the @entity1 who have been admitted to primary care units in @entity233 . Our study included 16,270 @entity1 aged above 18 years who were diagnosed as @entity101 in representative nationwide sample of 1,000 primary care units in @entity233 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 60+/-11 years (60.1% @entity1 ). Of 16,270 @entity1 , 15 187 (93.3%) were on an antihypertensive treatment, whereas 1,083 (6.7%) were receiving no treatment. The @entity1 who were @entity1 , @entity6 , smoker, obese, and those who had a concomitant @entity65 ( @entity65 ) had a higher rate of antihypertensive treatment. Of 15,187 treated @entity1 , 4,912 (30.2%) had a controlled systolic blood pressure, 7,063 (43.4%) a controlled diastolic blood pressure, and in 3,931 (24.2%), both were under control. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age ( @entity46693 ), @entity6 (OR 4.96), body mass index (OR 1.41) and the presence of a @entity65 ( @entity54576 ) were predictors for blood pressure being under control. The blood pressure control rates ranged between 16.6 and 30.5% among seven geographical regions. In the primary care units in @entity233 , the blood pressure control rate is consistently low in treated @entity101 @entity1 . In addition, there are differences between the geographical regions in both the proportion of those receiving medications and the blood pressure control rates.

title: Treatment and control of XXXX in Turkish population: a survey on high blood pressure in primary care (the TURKSAHA study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity3 are defined as the appearance of @entity5 in parts of the body remote from the site of the @entity5 . @entity3 can occur through one of three processes: direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces, lymphatic spread, and hematogenous spread. The importance of laboratory utilization in the diagnosis of @entity3 is explored using a case study of a 39-year-old female with metastatic @entity0 to the brain. This case study was carried out using clinical records, laboratory results, pathology reports, and physician interviews. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained and examined in hematology, chemistry, and microbiology. Tissue from the breast was examined both before and after chemotherapy. Morphologic comparisons of both primary and @entity3 cells were carried out. The breast tissue showed infiltrating @entity189 , ductal type, with 8/11 auxiliary lymph nodes showing @entity3 . Evaluations of cerebrospinal fluid cell count results revealed the presence of malignant cells in remarkable numbers. Based on cytological and hematological results, a diagnosis of @entity3909 was determined and treatment was started. Following the intrathecal chemotherapy, serial cerebrospinal fluid examinations showed the percentage of malignant cells decreased and no cells were detected 11 days after treatment. @entity3 , including @entity3909 is a common occurrence with @entity0 . An effective chemotherapeutic treatment is evaluated for this disease when an accurate diagnosis is made. As demonstrated by this case study, proper use of the laboratory can help establish the diagnosis of @entity3 .

title: XXXX in a patient with metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'Metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity3909 :: (MESH:D055756,Disease) :: ['Carcinomatous meningitis']


abstract: Exposure of some @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cells to @entity5699 leads to rapid cell death, whereas other @entity3052 cells show natural drug resistance. This has been attributed to expression of functional P-glycoprotein resulting in reduced drug accumulation. However, it has also been proposed that P-glycoprotein-expressing multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells are inherently defective for apoptosis. To distinguish between these different possibilities, we have compared the cell death process in a @entity1 @entity3052 cell line (HL-60) with a MDR subline (HL-60/ @entity23844 ) at doses that yield either similar intracellular @entity5699 concentrations or comparable @entity137 . Adjustment of the dose to obtain the same intracellular drug accumulation in the two cell lines did not result in equal @entity137 , suggesting the presence of additional resistance mechanisms in the P-glycoprotein-expressing HL-60/ @entity23844 cells. However, at equitoxic doses, similar cell death pathways were observed. In HL-60 cells, @entity5699 induced rapid apoptosis at 0.5-1 microM and delayed mitotic cell death at 0.1 microM. These concentrations are within the clinical dose range. Similarly, HL-60/ @entity23844 cells underwent apoptosis at 50-100 microM @entity5699 and mitotic cell death at 10 microM. These results show, for the first time, that @entity8253 can induce cell death by a dual mechanism in both sensitive and MDR cells. Our results also show that not only the @entity137 , but also the kinetics and mechanism of cell death, are dose dependent. Interestingly, regrowth was observed only in association with delayed cell death and the formation of enlarged, often polyploid, cells with micronucleation, suggesting that morphological criteria may be useful to evaluate treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1778 .

title: Dual mechanism of XXXX -induced cell death in both sensitive and MDR-resistant HL-60 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemias']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunorubicin']


abstract: The entrapment of a circular mapping catheter by chordae tendineae during @entity1212 is a very rare but serious complication requiring, in some cases, surgical treatment. We report a case that required open heart surgery for catheter removal and mitral valve repair. A 79-year-old @entity1 underwent @entity1212 for paroxysmal @entity955 in other hospital. During the operation, he moved accidentally, despite circular mapping catheter was in the left atrium. The circular mapping catheter was uncontrolable due to resistance interfering with catheter removal, and the @entity1 was brought to our hospital for open heart surgery to remove catheter. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity1363 , @entity3575 . Transesophageal echocardiography was performed to monitor catheter position and mitral @entity340 . Transesophageal echocardiography revealed that circular catheter tip was located adjacent to the posterior mitral leaflet and the presence of moderate @entity339 . Circular catheter tip was entraped by chordae tendineae and caused posterior mitral leaflet damage. Intracardiac foreign body removal and posterior mitral leaflet repair were completed uneventfully under cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful. It is expected that @entity1212 for @entity955 will increase in number. This rare complication of @entity1212 may become a threat to cardiologist, cardiac surgeon and anesthesiologist.

title: [Anesthetic management of an emergency open-heart surgery for entrapment of a circular mapping catheter by chordae tendineae with mitral valve damage undergoing XXXX ablation].

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve condition']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter ablation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The status of fasting @entity1674 as a risk factor for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) has been considered weak because in multivariate analyses, @entity1674 tend to be eliminated by high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 . To further evaluate the role of @entity1674 in @entity453 , we employed @entity407 as a more informative means of characterizing @entity412 metabolism. In 61 male subjects with severe @entity453 and 40 control subjects without @entity453 as verified by angiography, we measured @entity165 ; @entity1674 ; HDL @entity165 ; @entity9477 @entity165 ; and apolipoproteins @entity5704 in fasting plasma and @entity1674 before and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after a standardized test meal. Both the maximal @entity412 increase and the magnitude of @entity407 (area under the @entity412 curve over 8 hours after the meal) were higher in cases than in control subjects. Single postprandial @entity412 levels 6 and 8 hours after the meal were highly discriminatory (p < 0.001), and by logistic-regression analysis displayed an accuracy of 68% in predicting the presence or absence of @entity453 . In this respect, accuracy was higher than that of @entity9477 @entity165 (64%) and equal to that of @entity755 (68%), the most discriminatory fasting parameter. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was performed to reduce the number of risk factors to those that were statistically independent. This statistical procedure selected postprandial but not fasting @entity1674 into the most accurate multivariate model, which also contained the accepted risk factors @entity9477 @entity165 , @entity755 , and age. This model classified 82% of subjects correctly. We conclude that @entity1674 are independent predictors of @entity453 in multivariate analyses including HDL @entity165 , provided that a challenge test of @entity412 metabolism such as @entity407 is used. The study suggests that the metabolism of @entity1674 is a critical determinant of @entity165 metabolic routing. The findings support the concept that the negative association between HDL @entity165 levels and @entity453 actually originates in part from a positive relation between @entity453 and plasma @entity1674 , as ascertained in the postprandial state.

title: Relation of @entity412 metabolism and XXXX . Studies in the postprandial state.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adverse ocular effects of intravitreal @entity6058 (4 mg) in @entity1 with chronic @entity1596 and complications of @entity32 ( @entity1103 ). METHODS: We conducted a prospective phase 1 clinical trial involving 10 eyes of 10 adult @entity1 with @entity32 and/or @entity1103 for whom previous treatment failed or who could not tolerate corticosteroids because of adverse ocular effects. Baseline (day 0) electroretinography, @entity941 angiogram, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), Goldmann visual field, and complete ophthalmic examination were performed, and then a single intravitreal injection of @entity6058 (4 mg) was administered. Another ophthalmic examination with OCT was performed on day 3. Ophthalmic examination with @entity941 angiogram and OCT was repeated on days 7 and 30, and ophthalmic examination with @entity941 angiogram, OCT, electroretinography, and Goldmann visual field was performed on day 90. The study took place from March 1, 2010, through February 28, 2011. RESULTS: On the basis of ophthalmic examination findings, visual field, and electroretinography testing, there were no observed adverse ocular effects of intravitreal @entity6058 . In 2 of 2 eyes with @entity32 , there was early resolution of @entity32 , and in 4 of 8 eyes with @entity1103 , there appeared to be transient reduction in OCT thickness and/or @entity941 angiogram leakage. CONCLUSION: A single intravitreal injection of @entity6058 (4 mg) appeared to be well tolerated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravitreal @entity6058 requires further clinical trials to determine whether it is an effective means to treat @entity32 as a safer alternative to corticosteroids in @entity1 at increased risk of @entity231 formation and @entity2790 .

title: Intravitreal @entity6058 for chronic XXXX and @entity1103 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'posterior segment inflammation', 'active intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Changes in expression of @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) receptors by gonadotropes parallel those of @entity1176 receptors. Gonadotropes increase their expression of @entity10816 ( @entity10816 ) during diestrus to reach a peak on the morning of proestrus. This is followed by a decline in expression to reach a nadir by estrus. We hypothesized that regulatory factors that stimulate changes in @entity1176 receptors might mediate the same changes in @entity10816 . To test this hypothesis, pituitary cells were collected from cycling @entity35 and grown overnight in media with or without serum, 100 pM @entity53 , or 60 ng/ml activin. On the next day, some of the cultures were further stimulated with 1 nM @entity1176 (4 h). The cells were then dual-labeled for @entity10816 and @entity18378 or @entity19610 antigens and analyzed for their content of @entity10816 and gonadotropins. Neither activin nor @entity53 increased percentages of cells with gonadotropin antigens and @entity10816 . @entity53 decreased percentages of cells with @entity10816 and LH in proestrous @entity35 and those with @entity10816 and FSH in diestrous @entity35 . The @entity53 -mediated decline in @entity10816 expression during proestrus is similar to that seen when @entity1176 receptors are studied. Serum containing media alone increased percentages of LH and FSH cells with @entity10816 in populations from estrous or metestrous @entity35 . Therefore, further experiments were conducted to learn if serum factors or @entity8160 might be a regulator. Removal of serum from the growth media did not prevent the increase in percentages of LH cells with @entity10816 over the 18-h growth period. However, removal of serum did prevent the increased percentages of FSH cells with @entity10816 . Similarly, adding 1:100 anti- @entity8160 to the serum containing media did not affect expression of @entity10816 by LH cells. However, it did cause a 27% decrease in percentages of FSH cells with @entity10816 . Finally, when 10 ng/ml @entity8160 was added to metestrous populations in serum-free media there was a 1.4-1.5-fold increase in percentages of LH or FSH cells with @entity10816 . Collectively, these studies show that @entity10816 are not stimulated in gonadotropes by the same hormones that up-regulate @entity1176 receptors. Furthermore, @entity8160 itself may be among the factors that up regulate @entity10816 in gonadotropes. @entity10816 may be down-regulated by @entity53 during proestrus, but the effect is limited to LH cells. Finally, @entity8160 's differential effects on LH and FSH cells suggests that it may selectively act on monohormonal gonadotropes. @entity10816 may be a marker for a unique subset of developing gonadotropes.

title: Regulation of expression of @entity8160 receptors in gonadotropes by @entity8160 and @entity53 : studies in cycling female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The aim of this study is to provide a long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity420 and to investigate whether the separation of the mixed @entity420 , tubular component more than 75%, from @entity513 with a major tubular component ( @entity513 ), tubular component 50 to 75%, is supported by long term follow-up. For this study 388 consecutive @entity0 were selected from the files of the Department of Pathology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark for the years: 1956-59. Twenty @entity420 were found and 16 @entity513 @entity11166 were also identified. For each @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity513 , two controls with @entity513 @entity3623 were selected. The @entity1 in these four groups were followed until 1 April 1982. None of the @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Among the 20 @entity1 with @entity420 , 10 died within this period compared to 37 of the 40 controls. Of the 16 @entity1 with @entity513 , 15 died compared to 29 of the 32 controls. The difference in Kaplan-Meier survival curves between the @entity420 and their controls is highly significant. There is no significant difference between @entity513 @entity11166 and their controls. These findings are not changed significantly when 5, 10, and 20 year survival rates are corrected for expected survival. This study demonstrates long-term survival for @entity1 with @entity420 as @entity513 @entity3623 . There is no difference in long-term survival between @entity513 , tubular component between 50 and 75%, and @entity513 @entity3623 . It therefore seems appropriate to set 75% tubular component as a reasonable cut-off point for the mixed @entity420 .

title: XXXX of the breast. A long term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'ductal carcinoma', 'compared to ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma MTC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular carcinoma', 'tubular carcinomas', 'type of tubular carcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Tubular carcinoma']


abstract: The effect of cryopreservation on in vitro reactivity of @entity1707 lymphocytes was studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were frozen by controlled-rate freezing and stored in liquid @entity1568 (LN2) between 4 and 36 days. Following thawing 74.7 +/- 2.6% of cells were recovered of which 94.5 +/- 0.9% were viable as determined by @entity3460 exclusion. Functional parameters measured included the concentration of free intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) in resting and mitogen-stimulated PBMC, mitogen and @entity22140 -induced blastogenesis, as well as cell-mediated @entity137 . Irrespective of storage time and cell donor, [ @entity141 ]i in frozen-thawed PBMC (67.7 +/- 4.3 nM) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) when compared to fresh cells (96.2 +/- 4.5 nM). In addition, cryopreserved PBMC only weakly responded with an increase of [ @entity141 ]i after stimulation by various concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Following activation by PHA (2 micrograms/ml) for 4 days fresh lymphocytes (84,047 +/- 5475 cpm) incorporated significantly more (P less than 0.005) @entity665 than frozen PBMC (66,001 +/- 4117 cpm). A similar difference in proliferation rates (P less than 0.05) between fresh (10,046 +/- 1915 cpm) and frozen-thawed PBMC (5852 +/- 1304 cpm) was observed in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), while the spontaneous incorporation of radiolabel was unchanged in frozen stored cells. By using MLC-derived cytotoxic effector cells (E) and @entity665 -labeled concanavalin A blasts as targets (T), cryopreserved PBMC displayed a severe deficiency of cytotoxic effector functions at all tested E:T ratios. These results indicate that @entity1707 PBMC are very sensitive to LN2 storage although some immunological functions are more affected by cryopreservation than others.

title: Comparative studies on in vitro reactivity of fresh and cryopreserved XXXX lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity22140 :: ('MESH:D007519', 'Chemical') :: ['alloantigen']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: The @entity209 ( @entity209 ) represents an emerging health burden for governments and health care providers. Particularly relevant for prevention and early management of @entity209 are lifestyle conditions including physical activity and the diet. It has been shown that green tea, when consumed on a daily basis, supports health. Many of the beneficial effects of green tea are related to its @entity12919 , particularly @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), content. There is conclusive evidence from in vitro and animal studies which provide the concepts for underlying functional mechanisms of green tea @entity23382 and their biological actions. An increasing number of @entity1 studies have explored the effects of green tea @entity23382 on the major @entity209 conditions such as @entity28 , type-2 @entity6 and cardiovascular risk factors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the @entity1 studies addressing the potential benefits of green tea @entity23382 on the @entity209 . The number of @entity1 studies in this field is still limited. However, the majority of @entity1 epidemiological and intervention studies demonstrate beneficial effects of green tea or green tea extracts, rich in @entity3090 on weight management, @entity413 control and cardiovascular risk factors. The optimal dose has not yet been established. The current body of evidence in @entity1 warrants further attention. In particular, well-controlled long-term @entity1 studies would help to fully understand the protective effects of green tea @entity23382 on parameters related to the @entity209 .

title: The potential role of green tea XXXX in the prevention of the @entity209 - a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity23382 :: (CHEBI:23053,Chemical) :: ['catechins']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity263 foci have a characteristic appearance on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which might be useful for @entity263 detection. In this pilot study the ability of endorectal MRI to detect @entity263 foci prospectively in @entity1 at risk for a @entity263 is assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endorectal MRI was performed in 33 consecutive @entity1 with 1 or more prior negative prostatic biopsies. All studies were read by 2 MRI dedicated study radiologists in consensus before and after receiving @entity1 clinical data. Areas of interest on endorectal MRI were mapped as low, moderate or high suspicion for @entity189 on a prostate model. Directed needle biopsy cores of the prostate were obtained based on this model, and the histopathological findings were compared with MRI results. RESULTS: @entity189 was detected in 7 of 33 @entity1 (21.2%) on post-MRI biopsy, including 1 of 18 (5.6%) with low, 1 of 8 (12.5%) with moderate and 5 of 7 (71.4%) with high suspicion MRI. The site of positive biopsy correlated correctly with the area of suspicion on MRI in 85.7% of cases. Overall, endorectal MRI had 40% positive predictive value (moderate or high suspicion), 94.4% negative predictive value (low suspicion) and 69.7% accuracy. On multivariate analysis positive endorectal MRI was associated with an 11.3-fold risk of positive biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal MRI may effectively stratify @entity1 with prior negative prostatic biopsy into low, moderate and high risk groups for a @entity263 , and may improve our ability to identify prostatic @entity5 foci prospectively.

title: Prospective evaluation of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging to detect @entity5 foci in XXXX with prior negative prostastic biopsy: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'malignant prostatic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8407 may develop into @entity957 , which has a poor prognosis. Risk factors for @entity1697 have been identified, but there are no reliable predictors of the outcome in individual @entity1 with @entity8407 . METHODS: We identified 150 @entity1 with @entity8407 that was classified as @entity5115 and measured the nuclear DNA content (ploidy) of the lesions to determine whether DNA ploidy could be used to predict the clinical outcome. Biopsy specimens obtained at annual follow-up visits were graded histologically and classified with respect to DNA content in a blinded fashion. Disease-free survival was assessed in relation to DNA ploidy and the histologic grade. The mean duration of follow-up was 103 months (range, 4 to 165). RESULTS: Among 150 @entity1 with verified @entity5115 , a @entity189 developed in 36 (24 percent). Of the 150 @entity1 , 105 (70 percent) had diploid (normal) lesions, 20 (13 percent) had @entity75 , and 25 (17 percent) had @entity66 at the time of the initial diagnosis. @entity189 developed in 3 of the 105 @entity1 with @entity75 (3 percent), as compared with 21 of the 25 @entity1 with @entity75 (84 percent), yielding a negative predictive value of 97 percent with respect to the @entity75 and a positive predictive value of 84 percent with respect to the @entity75 . @entity189 developed in 12 of 20 @entity1 with @entity75 (60 percent). The mean time from the initial assessment of the DNA content to the development of a @entity189 was 35 months (range, 4 to 57) in the group with @entity75 and 49 months (range, 8 to 78) in the group with @entity75 (P=0.02). The cumulative disease-free survival rate was 97 percent among the group with @entity75 , 40 percent among the group with @entity75 , and 16 percent among the group with @entity75 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The DNA content in cells of @entity8407 can be used to predict the risk of @entity1697 .

title: DNA content as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['Oral leukoplakia', 'oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid (abnormal) lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['diploid lesions', 'tetraploid lesions', 'tetraploid (intermediate) lesions', 'aneuploid lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'A carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['oral leukoplakia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between left ventricular (LV) @entity26 consumption (MVO2) and pressure-volume area ( @entity939 ) developed in isolated hearts provides a powerful method to understand cardiac energetics. We investigated application of this relation to the intact circulation, determining its response to steady-state and transient load alterations and enhanced contractility in conscious animals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight @entity235 were instrumented to measure LV pressure (micromanometer), LV volume (three sonomicrometers), and left circumflex and anterior descending coronary artery flows (ultrasonic flowmeter). Data were acquired after recovery from the surgery with the animals awake and unsedated. After administration of @entity4033 and @entity3897 , steady-state loading conditions were changed with @entity2647 or @entity1854 in four to five steps before and during the infusion of @entity452 (6 to 10 micrograms.-1kg.-1min). MVO2 and @entity939 obtained under steady-state conditions were linearly correlated both before and during @entity452 . The MVO2- @entity939 relation obtained on a beat-to-beat basis during transient @entity432 was less linear and not coincident with the steady-state relation. @entity452 shifted the steady-state MVO2- @entity939 relation upward in all hearts, increasing the MVO2 axis intercept of the MVO2- @entity939 relation (P < .01). This intercept correlated with ventricular contractility assessed by the slope (Ees) of the LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation determined by @entity432 (r = .76, P < .05). The slope of the MVO2- @entity939 relation increased with @entity452 in seven of eight animals, with the inverse of the slope (representing contractile efficiency) being 31 +/- 6% during control and 24 +/- 6% after @entity452 (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: MVO2 and @entity939 are linearly related during steady-state alterations in loading conditions in conscious @entity235 but not on a beat-by-beat basis during transient @entity432 . Increase in contractility by @entity452 produces an upward shift of the MVO2- @entity939 relation.

title: Relation between left ventricular XXXX consumption and pressure-volume area in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['caval occlusion']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been suggested to be a key mediator in the development of @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effects of variations in the gene coding @entity319 ( @entity319 ) 2 on intermediate phenotypes of @entity565 in the Korean population. METHODS: A cohort of 2055 @entity1 and adolescents responded to a questionnaire concerning @entity565 symptoms and risk factors and underwent @entity2710 bronchial challenge and skin tests. The @entity319 gene, including the promoter area, was sequenced on 24 healthy subjects to discover informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; minor allele frequency >2%). After haplotype reconstruction, 4 tagging SNPs ( @entity55859 , @entity55860 , @entity55861 , and @entity55862 ) were scored. These SNPs were also scored in 480 adult asthmatic @entity1 to verify the above genetic association study. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity402 was associated with a single SNP ( @entity55860 ) of @entity319 with borderline significance (P = .048; relative risk, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.28). However, haplotype analysis showed that the @entity402 prevalence was strongly associated with a haplotype (AGAG) of @entity319 (P = .002; relative risk, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42). As for airway hyperresponsiveness, neither individual SNPs nor haplotypes were found to be associated. Interestingly, the significant association was also found between @entity402 and the AGAG haplotype among adult asthmatic @entity1 (P = .008; odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.14-2.44). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that genetic variations of @entity319 are significantly associated with @entity402 in the Korean population.

title: Association between genetic variations of XXXX receptor 2 and @entity402 in the Korean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['atopy and T(H)2 inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor', 'VEGFR2']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation combined with exercise, classic stretching physiotherapy intervention, and educational intervention at improving @entity1 function and @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity158 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, blind trial over four months. SETTING: Urban population, Spain. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing primary care for @entity158 . INTERVENTION: Subjects were allocated on three different treatment options: a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and aerobic exercise group, a classic stretching group, and a control treatment were applied over four months under the supervision of a physiotherapist. MAIN OUTCOME: Knee Society Score, @entity158 reported (Visual analogue scale) and knee range of motion. Assessments were completed at baseline and after four months. RESULTS: 74 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and distributed between groups. Both the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and classic stretching group showed significant changes in all variables after four months intervention (p < 0.001). The difference in mean Kujala knee score changes between groups (classic stretching group vs. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group vs. control group) at four months was -24.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) -30.19, -17.90), p  <= 0.001; vs. -39.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) -42.5, -35.5), p  <= 0.001; vs. -0.238 (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.2, 0.726), p = 0.621, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation intervention protocol combined with aerobic exercise showed a better outcome than a classic stretching protocol after four months.

title: Effectiveness of different exercises and stretching physiotherapy on @entity158 and movement in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retropatellar pain', 'patellofemoral pain syndrome', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain syndrome']


abstract: In Eastern cultures, such as India, it is traditionally recommended that @entity1 but not @entity1 cover their heads while working in the scorching sun. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether there was any scientific basis for this cultural tradition. We examined the differential cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet A light (UVA) on an established T cell line treated with female and male sex hormones. @entity404 + Jurkat T cells were plated in 96 well plates at 2 x 106 cells/ml and treated with @entity53 (EST) or @entity251 (TE). These cells were irradiated by UVA light with an irradiance of 170 J/cm2 for 15min at a distance of 6 cm from the surface of the 96-well plate. Controls included cells not treated with hormones or UVA. The effects of EST and TE were investigated between 1 and 20 ng/mL. @entity137 by @entity10156 staining and COMET assay generating single strand DNA cleavage, tail length and tail moment measurements were examined. The effect of @entity172 (5ng/mL) on apoptosis and its mediators was further studied using DNA laddering and western blotting for @entity588 and @entity876 . We found that EST alone, without UVA, enhanced Jurkat T cell survival. However, EST exhibited a dose-related @entity137 in the presence of UVA; up to 28% at 20 ng/ml. TE did not alter UVA-induced @entity137 . Since TE did not alter cell viability in the presence of UVA further damaging studies were not performed. COMET assay demonstrated the harmful effects of EST in the presence of UVA while EST without UVA. had no significant effect on the nuclear damage. Apoptosis was not present as indicated by the absence of DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis at 5ng/ml EST or TE +/- UVA. Western blot showed that @entity172 down regulated @entity588 independently of UVA radiation while @entity876 was down regulated in the presence of UVA treatment. EST and TE have differential effects on UVA-induced @entity137 in Jurkat T-lymphocyte which suggested that @entity1 may be more susceptible to the harmful effects of solar irradiation than @entity1 .

title: Effect of light irradiation and sex hormones on jurkat T cells: @entity53 but not @entity251 enhances UVA-induced XXXX in Jurkat lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein-diacetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is an important outcome variable after @entity169 that is generally not assessed by objective methods. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate chronic @entity158 and @entity1183 after @entity169 using three types of operation: open suture, open mesh, and laparoscopic. METHODS: A total of 96 @entity1 were included in the study with a median follow-up of 4.7 years. Open suture repair was performed in 40 @entity1 (group A), open mesh repair in 20 @entity1 (group B), and laparoscopic repair in 36 @entity1 (group C). @entity1183 and @entity158 were assessed using von Frey monofilaments. Quality of life was investigated with Short Form 36. RESULTS: @entity158 occurring at least once a week was found in 7 (17.5%) @entity1 of group A, in 5 (25%) @entity1 of group B, and in 6 (16.6%) @entity1 of group C. Area and intensity of hyposensibility were increased significantly after open nonmesh and mesh repair compared to those after laparoscopy (p = 0.01). Hyposensibility in @entity1 who had @entity547 repair was significantly associated with @entity282 (p = 0.03). @entity282 was somatic in 19 (61%), neuropathic in 9 (29%), and visceral in 3 (10%) @entity1 without significant differences between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1183 in @entity1 who had @entity547 repair is significantly lower than in those who had open hernia repair. @entity1183 after laparoscopic but not after open repair is significantly associated with @entity282 . Von Frey monofilaments are important tools for the assessment of inguinal @entity1183 and @entity158 in @entity1 who had @entity169 allowing quantitative and qualitative comparison between various surgical techniques.

title: Postoperative hypoesthesia and @entity158 : qualitative assessment after open and laparoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoesthesia', 'hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Type of postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: The hypothesis that dietary @entity534 ( @entity534 ) supplementation would increase growth hormone (GH) secretion and antibody production in preruminant @entity291 was tested. Sixteen newborn @entity291 were randomly assigned to either @entity534 + or @entity534 - treatment groups. Both groups were fed a single dose of Colostrx within 6 h after birth followed by milk replacer twice daily until weaning. Beginning with the Colostrx feeding, @entity291 in the @entity534 + group were supplemented with @entity534 at 500 mg kg x BW(-1) x d(-1), and the @entity534 - group received equivalent, but unsupplemented, diets. All @entity291 were immunized against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on d 4 and received a booster vaccination on d 14. The @entity534 + treatment increased (P < .05) plasma @entity534 and @entity1133 concentrations an average of 2.8-fold and 26%, respectively, during the 4-wk supplementation period. Average daily gain ( @entity7156 ) of @entity534 + @entity291 was increased (P < .10) during wk 1, 3, and 5 of life. The @entity534 + treatment @entity308 (P < .05) total and KLH-specific IgG concentrations in plasma and caused a decrease (P < .01) in circulating leukocyte numbers. Differential counts revealed that the decrease in circulating leukocyte numbers was due to decreases in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. The @entity534 + diet did not affect mean plasma GH concentrations during the first 3 wk of life, but GH mean concentrations were decreased (P < .01) during wk 4 due to @entity308 (P < .10) pulse amplitudes. The decrease in GH mean concentrations during wk 4 was paralleled by lower (P < .10) plasma @entity37644 concentrations. These data show that supplementary @entity534 does not increase plasma GH concentrations, but it increases @entity7156 , @entity308 KLH antibody production, and alters circulating leukocyte populations in preruminant @entity291 .

title: Arginine supplementation increases weight gain, XXXX antibody production, and alters circulating leukocyte profiles in preruminant @entity291 without affecting plasma growth hormone concentrations.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depresses', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['Arg', 'L-Arg', 'L-arginine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depresses']


abstract: In reviewing the literature, this paper assesses the current level of understanding of the hormonal control of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the @entity7105 . Data are compiled from two genera, @entity7105 and @entity16870 , recognizing differences where known to exist. Measurements of various @entity134 and peptide hormones, but most notably immunoreactive @entity1420 (iP), indicate an overall cycle length of 15-16 weeks, comprising an 8-11-week luteal phase and a shorter inter-luteal (follicular) period of 4-6 weeks. @entity2931 related phenomena suggest the occurrence of two (possibly more) waves of follicular development with a 3-week periodicity, although @entity2931 levels are low and fluctuate without clear pattern. The inter-luteal period is characterized by two discrete LH peaks also 3 weeks apart, but only the second is associated with an iP rise. Ovulation rate is variable and additional luteal structures lacking ovulation points are probably formed each cycle. The post-ovulatory period is associated with elevated progestogen levels, mainly 5alpha-reduced compounds, while @entity1420 itself is a minor secretory product. A revised model for the @entity7105 ovarian cycle is presented. Detailed information on the endocrinology of pregnancy is lacking. Elevated progestins beyond the normal luteal phase indicate that conception extends the functional lifespan of the CL, with maximum steroidogenic activity between 3-15 months. The nature of the luteotrophic support is not known and placental gonadotrophins have not been conclusively demonstrated. Progestins fluctuate at or slightly above luteal phase values throughout pregnancy. There is a marked increase in prolactin levels after 16-24 weeks and a relationship with @entity2931 secretion may exist since circulating and urinary levels show a progressive increase from 6-8 months. A placental contribution to progestin secretion is likely, although direct evidence is lacking. Considerable enlargement of foetal gonads during the second half of pregnancy in African elephants suggests a possible steroidogenic function, but none has been defined. The endocrine events leading to parturition are unknown. In the @entity7105 , a fall in iP precedes parturition; @entity2931 levels decline and @entity701 increases at the time of birth. The paper concludes with a brief selection of priorities for future research.

title: Endocrinology of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the Asian ( XXXX ) and African ( @entity16870 ) @entity7105 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Asian elephant', 'elephant', 'Elephas maximus']

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['Elephas maximus']


abstract: Continuous recordings of heart rate, respiration rate, minute volume and bronchial resistance were made over a period of altogether three hours in spontaneously breathing @entity235 anaesthetized with @entity4486 . At hourly intervals, before and 1 and 2 hr after the administration of bronchodilators, @entity5143 was induced by inhalation of an @entity934 solution. Two beta2-stimulants, @entity4183 and @entity7284 , were administered by inhalation in doses of 0.5, 0.16 and 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.01 mg/kg respectively. For comparison, an @entity3897 derivative, @entity13265 , was also given by the same route in doses of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg. Controls received normal saline. @entity4183 and @entity7284 caused an increase in heart rate, respiration rate and minute volume. @entity934 -induced @entity5143 was inhibited to the extent of 10--70% for 2 hr after the administration of @entity4183 , and by 15--70% after @entity7284 . The @entity934 antagonist @entity13265 caused only transient changes in heart rate, respiration rate and minute volume. @entity934 -induced @entity5143 was inhibited by 95% and 80% for 2 hr after doses of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. @entity7284 had a slightly greater central stimulant effect than @entity4183 ; @entity13265 displayed no stimulant activity.

title: Bronchial spasmolytic action of @entity4183 and XXXX compared with that of @entity13265 in the anaesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial spasm']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity7284 :: (MESH:D005280,Chemical) :: ['fenoterol']


abstract: The relationship between biliary lipids, @entity165 saturation index, nucleation time, and serum lipids was studied in a group of 45 @entity5990 @entity1 (10 male, 35 female; age 50.1 +/- 14.5 years). Bile was obtained by direct fine-needle puncture of the gallbladder under local anesthesia and sonographic monitoring. No significant correlation between the serum lipids and either the @entity165 saturation index or total biliary @entity165 levels was observed. We found a positive correlation between the nucleation time and serum @entity1674 content (r = 0.45, p = 0.0018) and a negative correlation between nucleation time and biliary @entity165 level (r = -0.38, p = 0.009). The @entity1718 derived from the @entity1674 are primarily resynthesized to phospholipids in the liver. When the supply of free @entity1718 exhausts the metabolic capacity of the liver as, for example, in fat-rich diets, @entity1674 accumulate in the liver cells and may possibly by excreted in the bile. Free @entity1718 stimulate @entity3558 hypersecretion in the gallbladder. This mucosal hypersecretion has been assigned a significant role in the formation of @entity1085 . We also found a positive correlation between the total biliary @entity3645 and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 in @entity1 with a rapid nucleation time (r = 0.50, p = 0.0128). This supports the findings of other researchers, which suggests that HDL- @entity165 is devoted primarily to @entity6741 synthesis. In @entity1 with a short nucleation time, the @entity165 saturation index, total lipid concentration, biliary @entity165 , mean age, and biliary @entity3645 were statistically different in comparison with @entity1 with a prolonged nucleation time.

title: The relationship between serum lipids, nucleation time, and biliary lipids in XXXX with @entity5990 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type responsible for the synthesis of collagen and other matrix elements in normal and fibrotic lungs. We have previously reported that @entity1 lung fibroblasts are heterogeneous in @entity6300 binding and that subpopulations differing in @entity6300 binding can be isolated and subcultured. We have investigated the distribution of receptors for @entity6300 -collagen domain ( @entity4015 ) and globular domain ( @entity21345 ) in adult @entity1 lung fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were isolated from cultures of adult @entity1 lung explants in medium containing fresh- or heated plasma-derived @entity1 sera and separated by FACS-cell sorting into populations binding to @entity6300 with high- (HF) and low- (LF) fluorescence. The @entity4015 was obtained from fibroblast membrane preparations by affinity chromatography through an anti- @entity4015 antibody column and its distribution was determined by Western analysis. The presence of @entity21345 was determined by immunoblots using an anti- @entity21345 antibody raised against a synthetic peptide. The results showed that a 54 kD protein crossreacting with anti- @entity4015 antibody was produced by LF cells, but it was barely detectable in HF cultures. Immunostaining with anti- @entity4015 antibody revealed that most of the cells in LF cultures were positive while the HF cells were negative. A 38 kD protein recognized by anti- @entity21345 antibody was produced by lung fibroblasts; however, no differences were detected in its distribution between LF and HF cultures. @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins binding to an affinity column of @entity6300 -globular fragment showed that the HF cultures contain a approximately 51 kD protein, which was a minor component in LF membranes. These data show that @entity4015 is expressed predominantly by a population of @entity1 lung fibroblasts, while the 38 kD @entity21345 is produced by all cells. Another 51 kD protein appears to be produced by a separate population of fibroblasts which does not express @entity4015 . Our results indicate that two lung fibroblast subtypes may be distinguished based on production of the 54 kD putative @entity4015 and another 51 kD protein which binds to @entity6300 -globular domain.

title: Distribution of receptors of collagen and globular domains of XXXX in @entity1 lung fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: A new protocol of donor-specific blood transfusion under @entity205 coverage was developed and examined for immunologic consequences and clinical efficacy in recipients of one- or zero-HLA-haplotype-matched renal allografts. Between 1985 and 1989, 75 recipients were transfused with 100 ml of stored whole blood at 1, 8, and 15 days of its storage from either one-HLA-haplotype-matched related donors (n = 65, 33 from their parents, 30 from siblings, and 2 from offspring) or from zero-HLA-haplotype-matched donors (n = 10, 7 from spouses and 3 from siblings). During DST, all recipients received @entity205 , 6 mg/kg/day, starting a day before and finishing a week after DST (23 days). Recipients were monitored by donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture responses before and after DST, and serially for antibodies by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis and by standard complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity assay. Following DST with CsA, only 3 of 75 @entity1 (4%) were sensitized against the blood donor. This rate is considerably lower, albeit statistically not significantly, compared with the 10% rate found in 30 recipients who had received DST without CsA in our previous study. Repeat @entity3097 studied one to two months after DST (the day before transplant) were significantly increased compared with pre-DST (stimulation index: mean +/- SEM; 10.3 +/- 1.4 to 15.8 +/- 2.8, P = 0.004, and relative response: 40.9 +/- 5.1% to 49.8 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.003). Since the stimulation index with controls did not change after DST (23.4 +/- 2.9 to 26.2 +/- 3.3), enhanced @entity3097 responses appear to be donor-specific. The changes in @entity3097 responses did not correlate with the number of blood transfusion received prior to DST, the number of rejection episodes, or graft outcome. Fifty-seven recipients underwent a kidney transplant from their one-HLA-haplotype-matched blood donors within two to three months after DST. All 10 recipients of zero-haplotype-matched donors were also successfully transplanted from their respective blood donors. The graft survival rates were at least 90% at two years in both groups. IN CONCLUSION: (1) 100 ml of stored whole-blood DST, three times at weekly intervals with a short course of CsA is minimally sensitizing but effective in enhancing graft survival; (2) this protocol could be used in donor-recipient pairs who do not share a haplotype; and (3) DST with CsA elicits augmentation of donor-specific @entity3097 responses.

title: Minimal sensitization and excellent renal allograft outcome following donor-specific blood transfusion with a short course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']