abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the various types of @entity977 according to sex and age group. Few studies have attempted such an analysis, and most have focused on specific age groups, especially @entity1 . Recent data suggest that the frequency of different types of @entity977 varies according to age and sex. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the records of 2230 @entity1 who underwent surgery for a @entity977 at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), between January 1969 and June 1993. METHODS: The distribution of @entity5 was analysed according to age at surgery, sex, and the clinical phenotype of the @entity5 . Age groups were defined as the decades of life. RESULTS: @entity2013 were the most common @entity5 (39%), followed by endocrine-inactive @entity652 , growth-hormone-releasing @entity652 , and adrenocorticotrophic hormone-releasing @entity652 causing @entity699 ; ACTH-releasing @entity652 causing @entity2014 and thyrotrophin (TSH)-releasing @entity652 were rare. The female-to-male ratio differed considerably between the various adenoma types and between age groups. @entity2013 , ACTH-releasing @entity652 , and TSH-releasing @entity652 occurred mostly in females; endocrine-inactive and GH-releasing @entity652 occurred mostly in males. In older age groups, all adenoma types, except for endocrine-inactive @entity652 , tended to assume a more balanced gender distribution. Among @entity1 with @entity2013 , endocrine-inactive, ACTH-releasing, and to a lesser extent GH-releasing @entity652 , the greatest discrepancy in gender distribution seemed to coincide with the peak occurrence of each @entity5 type. The peak occurrence was from the second to the fifth decade of life for @entity2013 and from the fourth to the eighth decade for endocrine-inactive @entity652 . GH-releasing, ACTH-releasing, and TSH-releasing @entity652 were more evenly distributed throughout the adult life span. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity977 varies greatly according to age and sex. The various adenoma types have their peak occurrence in distinctly different age groups and differ greatly in their female-to-male ratios. The female-to-male ratio for a given adenoma type varies greatly with age.

title: Age-related and gender-related occurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas', 'Prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An increasing number of @entity1 receive intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti- @entity7 ) injections with a high frequency for the treatment of @entity1020 . Since the volume of the vitreous body is temporarily increased by the injection of the substances, a short-term intraocular pressure increase after the introduction of the substance is not uncommon. However, there are more and more reports indicating that multiple injections may lead to a long-term increase in intraocular pressure. This may also be the case in @entity1 without a @entity726 history. In some cases, this pressure increase cannot be adequately treated with local pressure-reducing medication and requires an operative procedure in order to avoid @entity16 . This appears to be more common in products dispensed from broken bulk or after administration of bevacizumab. The mechanism leading to @entity32 and/or a sustained increase in pressure is unknown. High molecular weight molecules present in the syringe, such as monomer antibodies, aggregated proteins, or silicone oil droplets from the syringe, may lead to @entity32 in the trabecular meshwork or displacement thereof and a subsequent increase of the intraocular pressure. Avoiding silicone oil droplets in the syringes would be desirable. Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injections should also be monitored long term after the procedure.

title: [Can Anti- XXXX Injections Cause Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular macular disease']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity455 following transvenous cardiac device implantation is high. Previous implantation of temporary leads ipsilateral to the permanent devices, and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction have been associated with an increased risk of @entity455 , though the effects of preventive strategies remain controversial. This randomized trial examined the effects of @entity1229 in the prevention of these complications in high-risk @entity1 . METHOD: Between February 2004 and September 2007, we studied 101 adults who underwent a first cardiac device implantation, and who had a left ventricular ejection fraction < or =0.40, or a temporary pacing system ipsilateral to the permanent implant, or both. After device implantation, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity1229 to a target international normalized ratio of 2.0-3.5, or to placebo. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed regularly up to 6 months postimplant. @entity455 were detected at 6 months by digital subtraction venography. RESULTS: @entity432 of various degrees were observed in 46 of the 92 @entity1 (50.0%) who underwent venography. The frequency of @entity432 was 60.4% in the placebo, versus 38.6% in the @entity1229 group (P = 0.018), corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 22% (relative risk = 0.63; 95% confidence interval = 0.013-0.42). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 prophylaxis lowered the frequency of @entity455 after transvenous devices implantation in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Prevention of venous thrombosis by @entity1229 after permanent transvenous leads implantation in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Venous lesions', 'venous lesions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Venous obstructions', 'venous obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity19 subrenal capsule assay is an in vivo method for determining the responsiveness of solid @entity5 xenografts to chemotherapeutic agents. It was used in this study for the purposes of constructing growth curves of @entity957 of the @entity135 and collecting pilot data on the effects that @entity3352 and @entity900 have on this malignant condition. Nine of the ten assays performed were evaluable. @entity3352 , @entity900 , or both were used as treatment drugs in each assay. One-millimeter fragments of viable @entity5 , from @entity1 with @entity213 , were implanted beneath the renal capsules of normal immunocompetent @entity19 . Baseline and posttreatment measurements were made of the xenografts, and response to treatment was determined by comparing changes in @entity5 sizes of the test and control groups. Results indicated that reduction in @entity5 sizes occurred in @entity3352 -treated @entity19 in four assays and in @entity900 -treated @entity19 in six assays. In addition, two separate growth curves were calculated by plotting the mean change in @entity5 size in five @entity19 per day on days 3 through 7. In conclusion, the subrenal capsule assay is a relatively rapid and inexpensive assay in which @entity957 remains viable and therapeutic agents can be tested. However, clinical trials that use this assay to choose treatment drugs are needed in order to correlate assay results with clinical responses.

title: Subrenal capsule assay for @entity957 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: A number of experimental models of blast @entity1545 have been implemented in rodents and larger animals. However, the variety of blast sources and the complexity of blast wave biophysics have made data on injury mechanisms and biomarkers difficult to analyze and compare. Recently, we showed the importance of @entity35 position toward blast generated by an external shock tube. In this study, we further characterized blast producing moderate @entity131 and primary blast exposure set-ups. Schlieren optics visualized interaction between the head and a shock wave generated by external shock tube, revealing strong head acceleration upon positioning the @entity35 on-axis with the shock tube (composite blast), but negligible skull movement upon peak overpressure exposure off-axis (primary blast). @entity1545 signatures of a primary blast hitting the frontal head were assessed and compared to damage produced by composite blast. Low to negligible levels of @entity179 were found following primary blast compared to composite blast by @entity575 staining. However, persistent @entity5219 in hippocampus and accumulation of @entity40 / @entity9076 in circulation was detected after both primary and composite blast. Also, markers of vascular/endothelial inflammation integrin alpha/beta, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and L-selectin along with neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor-beta were increased in serum within 6   h post-blasts and persisted for 7   days thereafter. In contrast, systemic IL-1, @entity13358 , fractalkine, neuroendocrine peptide @entity22658 , and @entity6667 receptor @entity22659 ( @entity22659 ) were raised predominantly after primary blast exposure. In conclusion, biomarkers of major pathological pathways were elevated at all blast set-ups. The most significant and persistent changes in neuro-glial markers were found after composite blast, while primary blast instigated prominent systemic cytokine/chemokine, @entity22658 , and @entity22659 release, particularly when primary blast impacted @entity35 with unprotected body.

title: Neuro-glial and systemic mechanisms of pathological responses in XXXX models of primary blast overpressure compared to "composite" blast.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury and defined "composite" blast']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Despite the availability of anti-retroviral drugs and treatment, the care and support of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 has continued to be a major challenge, with greater impact not only on the @entity1 living the disease. The burden associated with care often results in high level of stress among caregivers, usually manifesting as @entity308 . This study assesses the levels of stress among caregivers of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 in @entity3456 Delta region of Nigeria, in order to determine their coping strategies. Between July and December 2008, 322 caregivers of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 attending @entity645 clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital were randomly assessed for stress ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), using Zung's Self-Rating @entity308 Scale ( @entity214 ) and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). A total of 293 caregivers comprising 98 (33.4%) males and 195 (66.6%) females were analysed. Mean age of males was 44.0    4.5 years and females was 39.3    4.0 years. The difference in the mean was statistically significant (p<0.001). Of the 293 caregivers, 191 (65.2%) and 115 (39.2%) were scored high on @entity214 and SRQ-20, respectively (representing the levels of stress). Using @entity214 groups on SRQ-20 subscales, 134 (45.7%) had @entity148 only, 23 (7.8%) @entity308 only, 52 (17.7%) had a mixture of @entity148 and @entity308 , while 11 (3.7%) exhibited suicidal tendencies. There is increasing level of stress in caregiving. Therefore, adequate attention must be given to the psychological well-being of caregivers to enable them contribute positively to the care of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 .

title: Assessing the psychological well-being of caregivers of @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 in XXXX Delta region, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: The influence of 2 different fatty meals, rich in either saturated or @entity1474 , on @entity1423 in 7 normolipemic subjects and in 10 @entity1 with phenotype IV @entity407 , was studied. 3 h after ingestion of a saturated- or polyunsaturated-fat-rich meal, plasma @entity1674 were similarly increased in both groups. 5 h after ingestion of fat of either origin, the plasma @entity412 level in normal subjects returned almost to the fasting level, whereas in @entity1 with @entity2298 it was still elevated. @entity1423 induced by @entity857 in platelet-rich plasma significantly increased in the normal group 3 h after both meals, whereas in the @entity1 group it increased only after the saturated-fat-rich meal. These results were not changed 5 h after the meals. Postprandial elevated platelet activity was not correlated with increased plasma @entity412 concentration. No changes were found in washed- @entity1423 in normal subjects, whereas the @entity1 -derived washed platelets showed @entity101 after the saturated-fat-rich meal. Plasma chylomicrons prepared from both groups during alimentary @entity407 inhibited @entity857 -induced @entity1423 as well as thrombin-induced platelet 14C- @entity750 release. This study indicates that the intake of fatty meals induces acute disturbance in @entity1423 , favoring @entity715 . These changes are more comprehensive in hyperlipemic @entity1 and after a saturated-fat-rich meal.

title: Increased @entity1423 during alimentary XXXX in normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'Platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipemia']


abstract: @entity221 and photoactivated @entity3838 derivative induce a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of the p250 surface @entity320 -associated antigen on the @entity1 FME cell line. Expression of this glycoprotein antigen was quantitated by immunofluorescence flow cytometry based on the monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. Decrease in antigen expression was followed by a transient increase above the level for untreated cells, before normalization occurred about one week after treatment. These treatment-induced changes in antigen expression could partly be explained by changes in protein synthesis. This conclusion was based on the following observations: @entity221 and photoactivated @entity3838 derivative both inhibited protein synthesis. The latter increased again rapidly to rates above normal until antigen expression reached normal level, whereupon the protein synthesis rate decreased to normal. Inhibition of protein synthesis by @entity1880 1 day after heating, prevented the recovery of antigen expression, demonstrating that protein synthesis is necessary for resumption of normal antigen expression. The changes in both antigen expression and protein synthesis were dose-dependent, and the magnitude and duration of the changes increased with increasing dose. The time courses of the changes in protein synthesis after two different treatments which both inactivated two logs of cells were almost identical, as were the time courses after two lower heat doses inactivating one log of cells. These similarities were reflected in the changes in antigen expression. At the same time as protein synthesis reached its maximum and antigen expression resumed normal level, an increase in the Golgi apparatus was observed ultrastructurally, indicating an increased synthesis rate and transportation of glycoproteins to the cell surface.

title: Relationship between changes in antigen expression and protein synthesis in @entity1 @entity320 cells after XXXX and photodynamic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a common @entity5 . There is growing evidence that @entity14 incidence is increasing in the younger population. There is controversy surrounding the prognosis of young @entity1 with @entity14 . In this study we reviewed Australian @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) who were younger than 40 years of age at the time of diagnosis of @entity3 . To our knowledge this is the first study to focus on this age group with mCRC. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study using data from the South Australian Metastatic @entity14 database. We compared @entity1 and disease characteristics, management approaches, and outcomes for age groups  < 40 and  >=  40. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to compare the survival outcomes ( @entity204 from all causes) between the 2 groups. RESULTS: From 3318 @entity1 , 46 (1.4%) were younger than 40 years of age. In a comparison of @entity1 in the younger than 40-year-old group with the older group, a greater proportion had synchronous @entity3 (80.4% vs. 64.4%, respectively; P  = .04) and disease originating from the left colon (71.7% vs. 61.7%, respectively; P  = .035); also a larger proportion in the younger than 40-year-old group received chemotherapy compared with the older group (82.6% vs. 58.7%, respectively; P  < .01). In the adjusted multivariate model, survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.16; log rank P  = .25). CONCLUSION: Young-onset mCRC @entity1 , when defined as aged younger than 40 years, have equivalent survival compared with their older counterparts. This is despite differences in disease characteristics and management approach between the 2 groups.

title: Metastatic XXXX in Young Adults: A Study From the South Australian Population-Based Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'Colorectal Cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of @entity551 ( @entity551 ) after @entity2806 by functional connectivity analysis in the resting state. METHODS: Super @entity64 @entity35 -models with @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) were employed in this study. Spontaneous fluctuations were recorded using a series of gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging (EPI) images before creation of the @entity2500 , and the same scan protocols were duplicated at the time of 60 min, 2 h after creation of the @entity2500 . FMRI signal time series from the different @entity63 cortex and normal cortex were preprocessed and low pass filtered. After preprocessing, the serial fMRI data was obtained by fast Fourier transformation to calculate the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuations. Meanwhile, time course signal changes from a seed voxel of normal cortex were correlated with every voxel in the brain. Statistical analysis was performed across all @entity35 to determine the extent of spatial correlation between regions. RESULTS: The amplitude of @entity551 in the @entity63 cortex between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz was lightly decreased during the super acute @entity385 . Howerever, the amplitude of @entity551 in contralateral cortex was increased after 2 hours. Spatial distribution of @entity551 , from cross-correlation analysis, indicates that the substantial inter-hemispheric synchrony of @entity63 region was decreased and of contralateral cortex was enhanced during the super acute @entity385 . CONCLUSION: The contrast behavior of the resting state BOLD signal fluctuations and a intra-hemispheric symmetry in the @entity551 with similar phase characteristics in most other regions during super acute @entity385 can be implied a new approach to detect the physiological activity functions and the distinct resting @entity1274 after the acute @entity385 takes place.

title: [Functional connectivity analysis of super @entity2806 in XXXX : a resting-state functional MRI empirical study].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ROIs of ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency blood-oxygenation-level-dependent fluctuation', 'LFBF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attention to caregiving consequences has been mainly restricted to @entity161 , although studies suggest that relatives of @entity308 @entity1 also experience considerable distress. These studies, however, were conducted on small samples or with nonvalidated instruments. In our study, the caregiving consequences of 260 spouses and relatives of @entity308 @entity1 were assessed with a well-validated 31-item questionnaire, the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ). METHODS: The IEQ was mailed to spouses and relatives of @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity14256 , or other @entity308 . Other instruments used were the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC), a Dutch Social Support Questionnaire, and the Zung Self-rating @entity308 Scale (SDS). RESULTS: About 25-50% of caregivers worried about the @entity1 's general health, treatment, safety, and future. They had to urge the @entity1 to undertake activities, or took over tasks. There were relational strains, and they felt burdened, especially when the @entity1 was in an acute phase. Caregivers often felt distressed and had to visit a (mental) health practitioner. Also, @entity1 were affected; caregivers reported high levels of @entity146 , loss of @entity1277 , @entity22 , less playing, and less attention at school. Caregiving consequences occur less often than in @entity161 , but the patterns are quite comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiving consequences in @entity308 occur frequently and cause distress in caregivers and @entity1 's @entity1 . Attention should be paid to support relatives and spouses of @entity308 @entity1 . Special attention should be paid to @entity1 's @entity1 .

title: Family caregiving in XXXX : impact on caregivers' daily life, distress, and help seeking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['difficult behavior']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1007 is one of the predisposing factors of @entity65 . A positive correlation of @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) concentration with total @entity165 is described. @entity5753 , one of the most administered agents in @entity1007 , is not effective in lowering the level of serum @entity5784 and increasing serum total antioxidant capacity ( @entity11636 ). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of @entity1501 supplementation on lowering @entity5784 level and changes of @entity11636 in asymptomatic @entity753 adults under @entity5753 treatment. METHODS: This was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty asymptomatic newly diagnosed @entity753 individuals were recruited. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: group A--20 @entity1 supplemented for 8 weeks with @entity1501 (5mg daily) and group B--20 @entity1 receiving placebo. @entity5753 was administered to both groups. Laboratory lipid profiles, serum @entity5784 and @entity1501 concentration, and @entity11636 were measured at the beginning and after the 8(th) week of the study period. RESULTS: After @entity1501 supplementation in group A subjects, serum @entity5784 was significantly decreased (13.35+/-5.01 micromol/L to 8.43+/-2.52 micromol/L, p=0.001), whereas no significant changes occurred in group B (p>0.05). A significant increase in @entity11636 was only observed in group A (1.54+/-0.24 micromol/L to 1.96+/-0.42 micromol/L, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1501 supplementation decreases the serum level of @entity5784 and increases @entity11636 . It seems that a pharmacological dose of @entity1501 supplementation could potentially decrease the risk of @entity65 by reducing serum level of @entity5784 in adults with @entity1007 .

title: Effect of XXXX supplementation on serum @entity1255 and plasma total antioxidant capacity in @entity753 adults under @entity5753 treatment: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of methods are available for the drainage of @entity9007 , including percutaneous, endoscopic and open approaches. In Leicester, we developed a combined radiological and endoscopic technique (predating the use of endoscopic/ultrasound) to allow drainage of @entity9007 into the stomach. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of this approach. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 undergoing combined endoscopic/ultrasound-guided percutaneous stenting between 1994 and 2007. Data were extracted from case records and our computerised radiology database. RESULTS: Thirty-seven combined endoscopic/ultrasound-guided procedures were undertaken. Median @entity1 age was 52 years (range 26-84 years). @entity9007 were secondary to acute @entity788 and 18 were in @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . The diameter of @entity9007 on pre-procedure imaging ranged from 4 to 21 cm (median 11 cm). Median duration of hospital stay was 7 days (range 1-44 days) and 30-day mortality was 0%. Stents were inserted in 70.3% of @entity1 (n= 26). Of those @entity1 stented during the combined procedure, three developed @entity281 of the pseudocyst, necessitating open cystgastrostomy within the first month. During a mean follow-up period of 41 months, two @entity1 developed recurrent @entity9007 which were successfully drained with a further combined procedure (16 and 43 months). Repeat imaging in the remainder of @entity1 failed to show any evidence of a persistent or recurrent pseudocyst beyond 2 months. CONCLUSION: Combined radiological and endoscopic drainage is safe, cost-effective and highly efficient in preventing recurrent @entity9007 .

title: A simple, safe technique for the drainage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst formation', 'Nineteen pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: Chemically induced @entity35 hepatocyte nodules and @entity157 have repeatedly been shown to be deficient in Phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes. Some of these reduced activities are attributable to a diminution of the @entity1446 -containing terminal electron acceptor, @entity7677 . We recently demonstrated that spontaneous @entity19 @entity96 exhibit the same deficiency. Therefore, chemically induced and spontaneous @entity96 share common metabolic alterations which are likely to represent intrinsic characteristics of the tumorigenic process and are independent of its etiology. To determine whether the @entity7677 deficit was the result of an altered @entity1446 metabolism, we quantitated four @entity1446 -containing proteins in normal @entity19 liver, spontaneous @entity19 @entity96 , and those induced by a single injection of @entity107 : @entity7677 ; cytochrome b5; @entity2340 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11); and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). The amounts of these components in spontaneous @entity5 relative to normal liver were 0.35, 0.68, 0.76, and 0.51, respectively. Similar values were obtained with chemically induced @entity5 . The enzymes @entity8454 synthase (EC 2.3.1.37), the rate-limiting enzyme in the @entity1446 synthetic pathway, and @entity1446 oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3), a degradative enzyme, were also quantitated. The amounts of these enzymes in spontaneous @entity5 relative to liver were 0.49 and 1.51, respectively. Again, similar values were observed for the chemically induced @entity5 . Alteration of the latter two enzyme activities may be sufficient for the altered hemoprotein patterns seen in @entity19 @entity96 . Further, this pattern of metabolic alteration is common to both chemically induced and spontaneous @entity5 . Thus, @entity5 resistance to cytotoxic agents activated by the monooxygenase system is not necessarily induced by exposure to these agents, nor as a result of selection.

title: @entity1446 enzyme patterns in genetically and chemically induced XXXX @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomas']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We tested the efficacy of 2 antifibrotic agents, the @entity1521 analogue @entity17159 (cHyp) and the lathyrogen @entity7903 ( @entity7903 ), on experimental @entity5636 in hamsters. @entity3440 (75 mg) was instilled intratracheally, and 3 months later lung @entity720 content, the volume density of silicotic nodules in lung parenchyma, fluid-filled lung pressure-volume curves, body weight and survival were measured. Animals were injected with cHyp, 200 mg/kg body weight, or BAPN, 150 mg/kg body weight, twice daily for 3 months. @entity720 contents (mg/lung) at 3 months were: control, 0.8 +/- 0.1; @entity3440 , 1.4 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 compared to control); @entity3440 -cHyp, 1.2 +/- 0.2; @entity3440 -BAPN, 1.4 +/- 0.1 (both NS compared to @entity3440 ). The volume density of @entity738 (% of surface area) was: @entity3440 , 0.7 +/- 0.1; @entity3440 -cHyp, 5.9 +/- 1.0; @entity3440 -BAPN, 9.7 +/- 1.5 (both P less than 0.5 compared to @entity3440 ). There was no difference among the groups as assessed by lung pressure-volume curves. No toxic effects were produced on the skeletal system as assessed by bone @entity720 content and skeletal roentgenograms. Final body weights (g) were: @entity3440 , 114 +/- 5; @entity3440 -BAPN, 108 +/- 6; @entity3440 -cHyp, 88 +/- 7 (the latter P less than 0.05 compared to @entity3440 ). Survival (%) was: @entity3440 , 62%; @entity3440 -BAPN, 34%, @entity3440 -cHyp, 28% (both P less than 0.05 compared to @entity3440 ). These data show that cHyp and BAPN treatment did not prevent @entity3440 -induced @entity3794 , led to more extensive silicotic nodules, and were toxic. Both cHyp and BAPN have some efficacy in other models of @entity82 , and the observations in the present study could be specific to @entity5636 in the hamster.

title: Treatment of experimental XXXX with antifibrotic agents.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity17159 :: ('CHEBI:63727', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyproline', 'hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity7903 :: ('MESH:D000629', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPN', 'beta-aminopropionitrile']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: @entity13736 ( @entity13737 ) is used to treat @entity1 suffering from peptic ulcers and @entity3621 . We examined the effect of @entity13737 on @entity1534 , which is a causative factor of @entity344 . Previously, we have reported that @entity13737 binds specifically to the molecular chaperone @entity2285 . In this paper, we report that @entity13737 bounds to @entity1534 @entity2285 (product of the DnaK gene) with 26-times higher affinity than to @entity1 @entity2285 , and induced large conformational changes as observed from surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism. Binding of @entity13737 suppressed the activity of the @entity1534 chaperone. @entity13737 also altered several characteristics of @entity1534 cells. @entity13737 -treated cells elicited enhanced interleukin-8 production by @entity356 cell lines and potentiated susceptibility to complement as compared to untreated cells. @entity13737 also caused morphological alterations in @entity1534 as reflected in fewer coccoid-like cells, suggesting that @entity13737 converts @entity1534 to an actively dividing, spiral state (vegetative form) from a non-growing, coccoid state. This morphological conversion by @entity13737 resulted in accelerated growth of @entity1534 . These results suggest a model in which @entity13737 sensitizes H. @entity1534 to antibiotic treatment by converting the cells to an actively growing state.

title: @entity13736 selectively binds to the @entity2285 of XXXX and alters its coccoid morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of @entity195 was demonstrated in two ways: by the attachment of complement proteins to diseased tissue, and by the activation of cells associated with the immune system. Alzheimer brain tissue was stained immunohistochemically by antibodies to components of the classical, but not the alternative, complement pathway. Antibodies to @entity6300 , @entity8428 , and C4d stained senile plaques, @entity3986 , neuropil threads and some tangled neurons. Antibodies to a neoantigenic site on the C5b-9 membrane attack complex stained @entity3986 and many tangled neurons, but not senile plaques. Antibodies to Factor P and fraction Bb of Factor B, which are specific for the alternative complement pathway, did not stain Alzheimer brain tissue. The cellular immune response was evaluated by the presence of reactive microglia and by the infiltration of small numbers of T-cells into diseased brain tissue. Reactive microglia were identified by antibodies to HLA-DR, a class II major histocompatibility complex glycoprotein, and by enhanced staining with antibodies to leukocyte common antigen and the @entity10685 and Fc gamma RII receptors. T-cells were identified by antibodies to leukocyte common antigen, as well as the @entity404 and @entity405 surface proteins. Double immunostaining with antibodies to @entity538 and MHC class I or class II antigens established that astrocytes, which are @entity538 positive, do not express MHC antigens in @entity195 . Endothelial cells express MHC class I antigens while reactive microglia and some leukocytes express class II antigen.

title: Immune system response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Heparin has been shown to regulate @entity1 neutrophil elastase ( @entity13789 ) activity. We have assessed the regulatory effect of heparin on @entity2843 [ @entity2843 ] hydrolysis by @entity13789 employing the recombinant form of @entity2843 and correlated FRET-peptides comprising the @entity2843 cleavage site. Heparin accelerates 2.5-fold @entity2843 hydrolysis by @entity13789 . The kinetic parameters of this reaction were monitored with the aid of a FRET-peptide substrate that mimics the @entity2843 cleavage site in pre-steady-state conditionsby using a stopped-flow fluorescence system. The hydrolysis of the FRET-peptide substrate by @entity13789 exhibits a pre-steady-state burst phase followed by a linear, steady-state pseudo-first-order reaction. The @entity13789 acylation step (k   =21  1 s     ) was much higher than the @entity13789 deacylation step (k   =0.57  0.05 s     ). The presence of heparin induces a dramatic effect in the pre-steady-state behavior of @entity13789 . Heparin induces transient lag phase kinetics in @entity13789 cleavage of the FRET-peptide substrate. The pre-steady-state analysis revealed that heparin affects all steps of the reaction through enhancing the ES complex concentration, increasing k    2.4-fold and reducing k       3.1-fold. @entity6950 also promotes a 7.8-fold decrease in the k    value, whereas the k    value in the presence of heparin was increased 58-fold. These results clearly show that heparin binding accelerates deacylation and slows down acylation. Heparin shifts the @entity13789 pH activity profile to the right, allowing @entity13789 to be active at alkaline pH. Molecular docking and kinetic analysis suggest that heparin induces conformational changes in @entity13789 structure. Here, we are showing for the first time that heparin is able to accelerate the hydrolysis of @entity2843 by @entity13789 . The degradation of @entity2843 is associated to important physiopathological states involving excessive activation of MMPs.

title: Mechanism of heparin acceleration of @entity2843 ( XXXX ) degradation by the @entity1 neutrophil elastase.

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases-1']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a standardized clinical grading system for the management of @entity1 with @entity5902 ( @entity5902 ) and to identify the risk factors associated with a worsened outcome of the disease, including decrease of visual acuity and ocular complications development. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 207 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5902 , referred to our @entity267 and External Diseases Center from 1997 to 2007, were included in the study. A total of 110 of those @entity1 were included in the follow-up study (range 1-10 years). METHODS: Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to separate the @entity1 into 5 subgroups by therapeutic approach. Regression tree and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed during follow-up to identify predictors of worse visual outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, gender, duration and course of disease, signs, symptoms, overall symptoms score, history of atopy, markers of @entity566 , best-corrected visual acuity, and therapy were collected at baseline and during follow-up. The number of relapses and number of @entity1 with decreased visual acuity were also evaluated in the follow-up. RESULTS: A decision tree for @entity5902 treatment was developed by CART analysis, and a new clinical grading system was proposed accordingly. Sixteen @entity1 were classified as grade 0 (absence of symptoms and no therapy); 59 @entity1 were classified as grade 1 (presence of symptoms without @entity3917 , occasional use of anti- @entity56 eye drop); 74 @entity1 were classified as grade 2 (presence of symptoms including @entity3917 , daily anti- @entity56 treatment); 22 @entity1 with superficial punctuate keratopathy (SPK) were classified as grade 3 (daily anti- @entity56 treatment associated with occasional topical @entity134 ); and 36 @entity1 were classified as grade 4 (diffuse SPK or corneal ulcer; pulsed high-dose topical @entity134 ). A higher number of relapses and a higher baseline grade of @entity5902 were the main predictor factors for worse visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This grading system allows for identifying the more severe forms of @entity5902 that are at higher risk of recurrences, @entity3283 , and worse final visual outcome. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Tailored approach to the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity5902 :: (MESH:D003233,Disease) :: ['vernal keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: To determine the therapeutic modalities for @entity660 ( @entity660 ), it is important for the @entity1124 (DI) to be present or not. We performed ERPs in 36 @entity1 who had positive findings in physical examinations, serum amylase levels and CT within about 13 hours after injury to diagnose the DIs early after injury and to avoid negative laparotomy. In 33 successful ERP @entity1 (intraoperatively in 3), 22 had PIs (14 DIs) and 11 had non-PIs. Of 14 @entity1 with DIs, 12 with main DIs and one with @entity130 were treated surgically. Another @entity1 with @entity130 , who was treated conservatively, died of the complications of @entity660 . Nineteen @entity1 without DIs, including 8 PIs, were treated conservatively or operated for the associated @entity3511 , who had no complications on PIs in the hospital days. Three unsuccessful ERP @entity1 , having PIs, were also operated upon. Among 15 @entity1 , including these 3 @entity1 and 12 treated surgically during the era before introducing ERPs, 2 (13.3%) negative laparotomies were noted. Among 16 @entity1 , who underwent both of ERP and operation, no negative laparotomies were noted. No complications of ERPs occurred. In conclusion, ERP is a reliable modality to detect DIs and to determine the therapeutic modalities for PIs.

title: [The role of emergent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP): its usefulness in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal injury']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury', 'PI']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['branch injury']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intralesional @entity1732 is effective for the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. However, the efficacy of intralesional @entity1732 for the treatment of @entity4336 has not been established. METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 with plantar @entity4336 were recruited and equally divided between groups A and B. Groups A and B were then treated with intralesional @entity1732 (1  mg/ml) after paring the hyperkeratotic tissue and simple paring, respectively. The @entity1 visited our clinic at 3-week intervals and were treated for a maximum of 10 sessions. RESULTS: @entity1 in groups A and B were treated for 35 and 29 @entity4336 , respectively. The curative rates of the @entity1 in groups A and B were 37% (13 of 35) and 7% (three of 29), respectively. The proportions of lesions in groups A and B that demonstrated a decrease in size by >50% were 80% (28 of 35) and 38% (11 of 29), respectively. The total number of @entity1 that demonstrated excellent symptomatic improvement in group A was 15 of 22. Excellent responses were achieved within a small number of treatment sessions, ranging from one to four sessions (average: 2.6). Statistical differences in terms of the degree of size reduction and @entity158 relief were noted between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that intralesional @entity1732 (1  mg/ml) injection could be one of the ideal treatments for @entity4336 . Intralesional @entity1732 is particularly useful for reducing lesional @entity158 and size within a short period.

title: Efficacy of intralesional XXXX for the treatment of plantar hard @entity4336 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: We have investigated the mechanisms regulating the clustering of nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( @entity10514 ) on the surface of cultured embryonic @entity1573 muscle cells. Treatment of these cells with the @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ), a potent activator of protein kinase C, was found to cause a rapid dispersal of @entity10514 clusters, as monitored by fluorescence microscopy of cells labeled with @entity8008 -conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. The loss of @entity10514 clusters was not accompanied by an appreciable change in the amount of @entity10514 on the surface of these cells, as measured by the specific binding of [125I]Bgt. Analysis of the phosphorylation pattern of immunoprecipitable @entity10514 subunits showed that the gamma- and delta-subunits are phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase activity in the intact muscle cells, and that the delta-subunit displays increased phosphorylation in response to @entity865 . Structural analogues of @entity865 which do not stimulate protein kinase C have no effect on @entity10514 surface topography or phosphorylation. Exposure of @entity1573 myotubes to the cholinergic agonist @entity5402 was found to cause a dispersal of @entity10514 clusters with a time course similar to that of @entity865 . Like @entity865 , @entity5402 enhances the phosphorylation of the delta-subunit of @entity10514 . The @entity5402 -induced redistribution and phosphorylation of @entity10514 is blocked by the nicotinic @entity10514 antagonist @entity2899 . @entity865 and @entity5402 have no effect on cell morphology during the time-course of these experiments. These findings indicate that cell surface topography of @entity10514 may be regulated by phosphorylation of its subunits and suggest a mechanism for dispersal of @entity10514 clusters by agonist activation.

title: Induction of phosphorylation and cell surface redistribution of @entity934 receptors by @entity4621 and XXXX in cultured @entity1573 muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity8008 :: ('CHEBI:52282', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylrhodamine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity5402 :: (MESH:D002217,Chemical) :: ['carbamylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The overexpression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is associated with poor outcomes in @entity14 @entity1 . Bevacizumab, a @entity7 inhibitor, enhances the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on @entity5 in preclinical models, including @entity14 . A Phase I trial was undertaken to evaluate the combination of bevacizumab, @entity416 , @entity901 , and radiation therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity188 were eligible. Pretreatment staging included computerized tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, and surgical evaluation. @entity1 received 50.4 Gy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to the @entity5 in 28 fractions. @entity416 , @entity901 , and bevacizumab were administered concurrently with radiation therapy. After EBRT completion, @entity1 were restaged and evaluated for surgery. Primary endpoints included the determination of dose-limiting @entity137 and a recommended Phase II dose, non dose-limiting @entity137 , and preliminary radiographic and pathologic response rates. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were enrolled. All were evaluable for @entity137 and efficacy. Dose level 2 was associated with unacceptable @entity137 (primarily @entity294 ). Dose level 1 had an acceptable @entity137 profile. The recommended Phase II dose in our study was bevacizumab 15 mg/kg Day 1 + 10 mg/kg Days 8 and 22, @entity901 50 mg/m2 weekly, and @entity416 625 mg/m2 bid during radiation days. Six @entity1 had clinical responses. Two @entity1 had a pathologic complete response, and 3 had microscopic disease only. One @entity1 experienced a @entity86 , one a @entity1163 during adjuvant chemotherapy, and one a subclinical @entity583 during adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of bevacizumab, @entity416 , @entity901 , and radiation therapy in @entity5 was tolerable, with encouraging response rates. Further investigation with this regimen is being pursued in a Phase II setting.

title: Bevacizumab, @entity901 , and XXXX with radiation therapy in @entity5 : Phase I trial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor cytotoxicity', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal episode']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative abscess']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity27 is the most common @entity25 . It covers a multitude of symptoms associated with @entity386 . Next to polysomnography, otorhinolaryngological clinical examination plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis, in evaluating any oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal modification. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this research, we intend to demonstrate the histopathological examination importance in establishing the tonsillar @entity1184 degree. This is made in direct correlation with its volume, and the @entity387 degree. In this context, we have conducted a retrospective study between 2007-2012 on a group of 69 @entity1 diagnosed by polysomnography with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). In the research, otorhinolaryngological examination was supplemented with histopathological examination of the parts collected after the surgery. RESULTS: It has been demonstrated that the size, volume of the tonsil can be directly correlated with the severity of @entity387 . The term "tonsil @entity1184 " is a histopathological one, with or without macroscopic implications. A specificity of tonsil enlargement without the narrowing of the oropharyngeal isthmus was demonstrated. This was in all groups of obstructive @entity386 , even in snoring @entity1 with normal @entity386 -hypopnea index values, with a non-significant statistical correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of multiple indices in the classification of @entity27 severity is an important advantage. Therefore, it can be proved that there is no singular structure to induce the disorder, but the cause is rather a combination of several elements. The polysomnographic examination remains the golden standard for assessing in @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: XXXX implications in @entity25 in adults and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSA', 'Obstructive Sleep Apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Tonsillar hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 67-year-old Caucasian @entity1 had a right pneumonectomy for primary @entity153 in 1998. He developed a @entity292 that was managed with an Eloesser procedure. His appearance 6 years later has been published previously. METHODS: We performed a case report and literature search. RESULTS: In 2008, the @entity1 still had a @entity292 and reported a new symptom: constant right @entity662 . He had experienced extensive @entity2615 was suspected. Endoscopy via the Eloesser aperture revealed innumerable @entity5 nodules. Biopsies of the pleura revealed multifocal, well-differentiated, @entity957 with histology that was distinctly different from that of the @entity2 . The @entity5 progressed rapidly during work-up and invaded the spine. He received palliative treatment but died 4 months after the onset of @entity662 . We conducted a literature search and found 9 previous reports of @entity957 arising from the pleura in @entity1 with a chronically draining @entity3509 ; 5 @entity1 had a prior pneumonectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 can arise in areas of @entity32 such as @entity4034 with a draining sinus, @entity30 , or chronic @entity3621 . Cases of @entity957 arising from the pleura in @entity1 with a chronically draining @entity3509 are extremely rare. We believe this is the sixth report in the literature of @entity957 arising from the pleura in a @entity1 with a @entity102 . In vivo video footage of the involved pleura is available

title: @entity957 arising from the pleura after pneumonectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['original lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema', 'empyema cavity']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos exposure and mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical treatment and curative effect of @entity2695 and @entity1462 in body surface. METHODS: From May 2003 to December 2006, 145 @entity1 with @entity2695 or @entity1462 (81 males and 64 females, aging from 2 months to 40 years with median of 17 years) were treated with surgical therapy. The course of disease was from 2 months to 40 years. The locations were head and face in 85 cases, extremities in 34 cases and trunk in 26 cases. The size ranged from 1 cm x 1 cm to 27 cm x 24 cm. Wounds were sutured directly after lesions excision in 40 cases, were repaired with 3 cm x 2 cm-18 cm x 11 cm local flap transferring in 21 cases (donor site sutured directly in 18 and free skin grafted in 3) and with 5 cm x 3 cm-27 cm x 18 cm middle-thick skin graft in 84 cases (abdominal skin donor site sutured directly in 61, thigh skin donor site thin-partial-thickness grafted in 5 and skin in-situ regrafted in 18). RESULTS: The pathological results showed 38 cases of @entity8702 , 23 cases of @entity600 , 67 cases of @entity1211 , 15 cases of @entity2758 and 2 cases of @entity600 . Six of 84 cases receiving free skin graft had partial @entity39 ; one case complicating by skull exposure achieved healing after @entity4438 transferring and other 5 cases achieved healing by second intention after dressing changes. Other free skin graft survived. All the donor sites healed by first intention. All @entity1 were followed up for 1-3 years. Recurrence occurred in 12 cases 6 months to 2 years after operation, including 4 cases of @entity2758 , 7 cases of @entity1211 and 1 case of @entity600 . They were cured after second operation. The others achieved good results with no recurrence. CONCLUSION: Extensive and thorough excision was the effective way to cure @entity2695 and @entity1462 in body surface. All cases should be followed up closely to deal with recurrence promptly.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity2695 and XXXX in body surface].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['local fascial flap']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['venular malformation', 'lymphatic malformation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a chronic @entity272 . In small studies, @entity29 ( @entity29 ) has been associated with increased prevalence of @entity1751 , but data on the concurrence of @entity29 in @entity1 with @entity1751 is limited. We therefore investigated the prevalence and risk of @entity29 in @entity1 with @entity1751 compared with the general population. The study linked all Danish individuals >= 18 years in nationwide registers. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by logistic regression and @entity797 regression, respectively. The study comprised 7,732 @entity1 with @entity1751 , and 4,354,137 subjects from the general population. The prevalence ( @entity1751 vs. general population) was 0.8% and 0.3% (OR 2.04; 1.59-2.62) for @entity1050 and 1.3% and 0.7% (OR 1.75; 1.44-2.13) for UC. The risk of new-onset @entity1050 (HR 2.19; 1.44-3.34) and UC (HR 1.63; 1.18-2.27) was significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity1751 . In conclusion, @entity1751 was significantly associated with presence and risk of new-onset @entity29 , although the prevalence remained low. @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity1751 should warrant further clinical examination.

title: Prevalence and risk of @entity29 in XXXX with hidradenitis suppurativa.

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of previously proposed high-specificity magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) thresholds for diagnosis of @entity1560 grade 1 or higher (PDFF threshold of 6.4%), grade 2 or higher (PDFF threshold of 17.4%), and grade 3 (PDFF threshold of 22.1%) by using histologic findings as a reference in an independent cohort of adults known to have or suspected of having @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Materials and Methods This prospective, cross-sectional, institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant single-center study was conducted in an independent cohort of 89 adults known to have or suspected of having @entity1561 who underwent contemporaneous liver biopsy. MR imaging PDFF was estimated at 3 T by using magnitude-based low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo imaging with T2* correction and multipeak modeling. @entity1560 was graded histologically (grades 0, 1, 2, and 3, according to the @entity1561 Clinical Research Network scoring system). Sensitivity, specificity, and binomial confidence intervals were calculated for the proposed MR imaging PDFF thresholds. Results The proposed MR imaging PDFF threshold of 6.4% to diagnose grade 1 or higher @entity1560 had 86% sensitivity (71 of 83 @entity1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 76, 92) and 83% specificity (five of six @entity1 ; 95% CI: 36, 100). The threshold of 17.4% to diagnose grade 2 or higher @entity1560 had 64% sensitivity (28 of 44 @entity1 ; 95% CI: 48, 78) and 96% specificity (43 of 45 @entity1 ; 95% CI: 85, 100). The threshold of 22.1% to diagnose grade 3 @entity1560 had 71% sensitivity (10 of 14 @entity1 ; 95% CI: 42, 92) and 92% specificity (69 of 75 @entity1 ; 95% CI: 83, 97). Conclusion In an independent cohort of adults known to have or suspected of having @entity1561 , the previously proposed MR imaging PDFF thresholds provided moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosis of grade 1 or higher, grade 2 or higher, and grade 3 @entity1560 . Prospective multicenter studies are now needed to further validate these high-specificity thresholds.    RSNA, 2014 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Accuracy of MR Imaging-estimated Proton Density Fat Fraction for Classification of Dichotomized Histologic @entity1560 Grades in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Steatosis', 'steatosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease']


abstract: @entity189 represent a rare group of @entity5 with a potential for destructive local invasion, regional and distant metastases, and are equally common in both sexes. A case of a 79-year-old @entity1 with @entity189 associated with apocrine @entity652 and @entity1373 is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first case diagnosed in a Caucasian and also the first case diagnosed in a female @entity1 . Grossly, the @entity5 measured 3.2x1.5x1.2 cm and on cut section appeared granular, white to gray-tanned. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the dermis, poorly demarcated, focally necrotic with ulcerated overlying skin. It was predominantly composed of complex, closely packed tubuloglandular structures but in few areas papillary structures were also observed. The cells contained abundant eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm with pleomorphic nuclei and showed apocrine-like decapitation. The cytoplasm contained @entity5644 Schiff diastase resistant granules. Mitoses were frequent and some were atypical. In one area, the @entity5 was lobular and composed of tubular structures lined with one layer of uniform cuboidal or columnar eosinophilic cells, indicating a pre-existing apocrine @entity652 . Beneath the @entity5 , in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, hyperplastic apocrine glands were also found. No additional therapy was used, and one year after the surgery the @entity1 was alive and showed no signs of @entity5 spread. This and previously reported cases suggest that apocrine @entity1373 and apocrine @entity652 may represent successive steps in the development of @entity189 .

title: XXXX associated with apocrine @entity652 and @entity1373 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'apocrine gland hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['apocrine carcinoma', 'Apocrine carcinomas', 'axillary apocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Axillary apocrine carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2548 (BAVFs) are rare @entity455 , and conservative management was associated with a high mortality rate. We report our experience in the treatment of congenital BAVFs using detachable coils and Onyx liquid embolic agent. METHODS: Over the past 5 years, 15 @entity1 with congenital BAVFs were treated endovascularly at our hospital using detachable coils and Onyx-34. All @entity1 were clinically followed-up for 12-48 months. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, cerebral angiograms, and endovascular reports for each @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 15 @entity1 with a total of 16 BAVFs (six @entity1 and nine @entity1 , with a mean age of 29.4 years). The clinical presentations were @entity932 in six @entity1 , @entity10 in four @entity1 , and @entity410 in three @entity1 , with two @entity1 diagnosed incidentally. In all of the cases, transarterial microcatheterization was performed, 13 @entity1 were treated with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx-34, and two with balloon-assisted coils and Onyx-34 embolization. There was no significant morbidity or mortality. All BAVF-related symptoms resolved immediately or gradually on clinical follow-up. Immediate angiographic obliteration was achieved in all @entity1 . The @entity292 remained closed in all @entity1 , as ascertained by follow-up angiograms. No new @entity51 related to the procedure were detected. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the endovascular treatment of BAVFs with combination of detachable coils and Onyx is feasible, safe, and effective. This technique affords more control in the Onyx injection and minimizes the risk of distal embolization.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX with combination of detachable coils and onyx liquid embolic agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital brain arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['congenital brain arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: The term "hypnozoite" is derived from the Greek words hypnos (sleep) and zoon (animal). Hypnozoites are dormant forms in the life cycles of certain parasitic protozoa that belong to the Phylum Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) and are best known for their probable association with latency and relapse in @entity1 @entity281 caused by @entity3965 ovale and @entity3965 . Consequently, the hypnozoite is of great biological and medical significance. This, in turn, makes the origin of the name "hypnozoite" a subject of interest. Some "missing" history that is now placed on record (including a letter written by P. C. C. Garnham, FRS) shows that Miles B. Markus coined the term "hypnozoite". While a PhD student at Imperial College London, he carried out research that led to the identification of an apparently dormant form of Cystoisospora (synonym: Isospora). In 1976, he speculated: "If sporozoites of Isospora can behave in this fashion, then those of related Sporozoa, like @entity311 parasites, may have the ability to survive in the tissues in a similar way." He adopted the term "hypnozoite" for @entity311 in 1978 when he wrote in a little-known journal that this name would "    describe any dormant sporozoites or dormant, sporozoite-like stages in the life cycles of @entity3965 or other Haemosporina." At that time, the existence of a hypnozoite form in the life cycle of @entity3965 was still a hypothetical notion. In 1980, however, @entity1129 . Krotoski published (together with several co-workers) details concerning his actual discovery of malarial hypnozoites, an event of considerable importance.

title: XXXX : origin of the term "hypnozoite".

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malarial infections']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Wojciech A']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: Phase II studies of @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre M  dicament, Paris, France) have been conducted mainly at a dose of 30 mg/m2/wk, and this schedule has been used extensively in the treatment of @entity0 . @entity1206 used in a first-line setting as a single agent in 25 @entity1 with previously untreated advanced metastatic @entity0 produced objective responses in 15 @entity1 (60%) and complete responses (CR) in five (20%). A large multicenter study to assess the response rate by the main site of disease involvement included 145 assessable @entity1 . The overall response rate was 41% (10 CRs and 50 partial responses: skin, 70%; lymph nodes, 67%; @entity5 , 56%; lungs, 33%; measurable bone, 27%; and liver, 23%). The median time to disease progression was 25 weeks and the median overall survival duration was 18 months. @entity1398 was the principal @entity137 with grade 3/4 suppression noted; however, this was not accompanied by serious infection (incidence of grade 3/4 infection < 1%). Other grade 3/4 @entity137 also was uncommon. Another phase II study included 50 @entity1 assessable for @entity137 and response. The overall response rate was 50% (2% CRs). In a salvage setting (second- and third-line treatment), 33 @entity1 were treated with an overall response rate of 30% (two CRs). Rates of @entity137 were no greater than in first-line @entity1 . The most notable results for combination @entity1206 therapy were with a schedule of @entity1206 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and @entity632 50 mg/m2 on day 1, with cycles repeated every 21 days. The overall response rate for the 89 evaluable @entity1 was 74% (19 [21%] CRs; 47 [53%] partial responses). These data indicate that @entity1206 is a highly active agent with a favorable @entity137 profile in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ) in the treatment of XXXX : the European experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Two recent randomized controlled trials of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 with history of, or at high risk of, @entity65 ( @entity65 ) showed no risk of @entity63 cardiovascular events associated with @entity5735 inhibitors (DPP4i), but an increased risk of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with @entity15072 . We evaluated the risk of @entity65 including @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , coronary revascularization, and @entity712 associated with DPP4i in @entity6 @entity1 with and without baseline @entity65 as used in the community. METHODS: Using US commercial insurance claims data (2005-2012), we conducted a cohort study that included initiators of DPP4i and non-DPP4i treatments. Composite @entity65 endpoints including @entity583 , @entity64 , coronary revascularization, and @entity712 were defined with a hospital discharge diagnosis or procedure code. Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk of composite and individual @entity65 endpoints in propensity score (PS)-matched initiators of @entity5735 versus non-DPP4i. RESULTS: We included 79,538 (18  % with baseline @entity65 ) @entity1 in PS-matched pairs of DPP4i and non-DPP4i initiators. The incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 30.30 (95  % CI 28.24-32.51) in @entity5735 i and 34.76 (95  % CI 32.34-37.36) in non-DPP4i. The PS-matched hazard ratio (HR) for composite @entity65 was 0.87 (95  % CI 0.79-0.96) in DPP4i versus non-DPP4i. The PS-matched HR for @entity712 was 0.81 (95  % CI 0.70-0.94) in DPP4i versus non-DPP4i. Among @entity1 with baseline @entity65 , there was no increased risk of @entity65 or @entity712 associated with DPP4i use. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity6 @entity1 , initiating DPP4i was not associated with a greater risk of @entity65 or @entity712 compared to non-DPP4i initiators.

title: XXXX inhibitors do not increase the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 @entity6 : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity15072 :: ('MESH:C502994', 'Chemical') :: ['saxagliptin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5735 :: (1803,Gene) :: ['Dipeptidyl peptidase-4']


abstract: Few studies describe the treatment of @entity8 associated with @entity1252 . Although @entity205 -A has been used to treat @entity1 with the @entity1985 and also with @entity1252 , only a few of these @entity1 have had lupus @entity8 . In this pilot study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of @entity205 in ten @entity1985 @entity1 with either pure @entity8 (seven @entity1 ) or @entity8 with superimposed mild @entity75 (three @entity1 ). @entity205 (4-6 mg/kg/day) alone (2 @entity1 ), or in conjunction with low dose corticosteroids (8 @entity1 ) was given for a period of up to 43 months. Six @entity1 achieved a nadir @entity644 of less than 1 gram daily, two @entity1 decreased urinary protein excretion to 1-2 grams daily, and the remaining two @entity1 continued to excrete over 2 grams of protein daily. All @entity1 experienced symptomatic improvement of their @entity1985 and serum @entity1011 was not significantly increased at the end of the study period. Three @entity1 with superimposed mild @entity75 experienced @entity8 while on treatment requiring additional immunosuppressive therapy. Side-effects were minor except for transient rises in serum @entity1011 in one @entity1 and a case of drug-related @entity99 possibly caused by @entity205 . Repeat renal biopsies in five @entity1 revealed a decrease in the lupus activity index and a rise in the chronicity index. There was an increase in the stage of the @entity8 on these repeat biopsies, but a reduction in the number of fresh deposits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity205 treatment of lupus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous lupus nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'renal and systemic lupus flares']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'systemic lupus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To estimate the relationship of @entity1082 ) detection and abnormal cytology with histologic diagnoses of cervical precancer and @entity5 . METHODS: From 2003 to 2008 we examined the HPV, cytology, and diagnostic results from almost one million cervical @entity5 screenings done on @entity1 aged 30 and older who were members in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large health maintenance organization that introduced cotesting in 2003. @entity1 were screened using conventional Pap tests and a DNA test for a pool of 13 high-risk HPV genotypes. @entity1 with HPV-positive @entity10479 of undetermined significance and other abnormal cervical cytology, independent of their HPV results, routinely underwent colposcopy. Results were stratified by 5-year age groups from 30 to 64. RESULTS: @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), @entity10479 , cannot exclude @entity2784 (ASC-H), and atypical glandular cells were more strongly associated with @entity3146 grade 3 while @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and HPV-positive @entity10479 of undetermined significance were more strongly associated with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ). @entity5 was most commonly found in @entity1 with @entity2784 and atypical glandular cells cytology. @entity1082 -negative @entity1 with ASC-H cytology were at a reduced but significant risk of @entity3146 or more severe ( @entity3146 +) (10.6%) compared with HPV-positive @entity1 with ASC-H cytology. @entity1082 -negative @entity1 with @entity2784 were at a 4.0% risk of @entity3146 +, and among @entity1 50 and older, at a 0.5% risk of @entity3146 + with no @entity5 were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: @entity1082 testing may be useful for triage for colposcopic referral for @entity2784 cytology in older @entity1 but not for ASC-H cytology at any age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: The age-specific relationships of abnormal cytology and XXXX DNA results to the risk of cervical precancer and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['atypical squamous cells']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'HSIL', 'LSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN2', 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: A long-term experiment was performed to test the ability of @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) to induce @entity4056 in the @entity329 . Animals were fed a @entity13656 -enriched diet up to 12 months, and 4 of them were sacrificed every 2 months. @entity13656 exhibited no carcinogenic activity. However, unexpected @entity527 were discovered in both treated and nontreated animals. Their incidence was significantly higher in treated (71%) than in nontreated (27%) hamsters. During @entity13656 administration, @entity2783 appeared as early as the second month of treatment. It involved the liver, spleen and kidneys in more than half of the animals. On the contrary, in control animals, @entity527 appeared later and were most frequently restricted to one organ. The intensity of the lesions also appeared to be greater in the treated group. No monoclonal components were found in either serum or urine of the amyloidotic hamsters. Such an @entity2783 -promoting effect of @entity13656 has never been reported.

title: Enhancement of @entity2783 by XXXX ingestion in the hamster.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamster']

answer: @entity10140 :: (MESH:D002635,Chemical) :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']


abstract: Mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) have been shown to provide rapid engraftment in @entity1 given high-dose chemotherapy. PBPC contain cells with long-term engraftment potential as shown in animal models. In this study we have further analyzed mobilized PBPC for their ability to support serial transplantation of irradiated @entity19 . Transplantation of recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF) plus recombinant @entity35 @entity7418 (rrSCF) mobilized PBPC resulted in 98% donor engraftment of primary recipients at 12 to 14 months post-transplantation. Bone marrow (BM) cells from these primary recipients were harvested and transplanted into secondary recipients. At 6 months posttransplantation, all surviving secondary recipients had donor engraftment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed greater than 90% male cells in spleens, thymuses, and lymph nodes. Myeloid colonies from BM cells of secondary recipients demonstrated granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) of male origin in all animals. In comparison, transplantation of rhG-CSF mobilized PBPC resulted in decreased male engraftment in secondary recipients. BM cells from secondary recipients, who originally received PBPC mobilized by the combination of rrSCF and rhG-CSF, were further passaged to tertiary female recipients. At 6 months posttransplantation, 90% of animals had male-derived @entity1210 by whole-blood PCR analysis. These data showed that PBPC mobilized with rhG-CSF plus rrSCF contained cells that are transplantable and able to maintain @entity1210 for more than 26 months, suggesting that the mobilized long-term reconstituting stem cells (LTRC) have extensive proliferative potential and resemble those that reside in the BM. In addition, the data demonstrated increased mobilization of LTRC with rhG-CSF plus rrSCF compared to rhG-CSF alone.

title: Peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 plus recombinant @entity35 @entity7418 contain long-term engrafting cells capable of cellular proliferation for more than two years as shown by serial transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consensus regarding the difference of @entity86 following completion thyroidectomy (CT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) has yet to be reached. We compare the occurrence of @entity86 between CT and TT for @entity259 ( @entity259 ), and explore the predictive factors for @entity86 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 221 consecutive @entity1 underwent CT or TT for @entity259 between February 2012 and March 2014. @entity1 ' demographic and clinical data of the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 57 CTs and 164 TTs. @entity346 occurred in 12.3% (7 of 57) and 28.0% (46 of 164) of @entity1 in the CT and TT groups, respectively. In univariate analysis, type of surgical procedure (CT or TT) and extent of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) (unilateral or bilateral) were significantly associated with the postoperative @entity346 (P   <   0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only the extent of @entity1600 was an independent risk factor for @entity346 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity346 was lower in the CT group, our analysis indicates the difference is due to the extent of @entity1600 rather than type of surgical procedure (CT vs. TT). Only bilateral @entity1600 is an independent risk factor for @entity346 after thyroidectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:522-525.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity259 : Comparison and prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['central lymph node dissection', 'CND']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hypoparathyroidism', 'Temporary hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: Abstract Twenty-six iliac artery segments were divided in two groups: @entity731 (A) and nonatherosclerotic (NA). Expression of @entity14600 , @entity9961 , @entity9205 , and @entity9350 receptor were studied with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). IHC was performed on 26 samples of iliac arteries obtained from deceased 19 organ donors. The samples were divided into an @entity731 group (A) [subjects with history of @entity65 ( @entity101 , @entity741 ) or/and @entity6 ] (n=16), and a nonatherosclerotic group (NA) [subjects without any known @entity65 or cardiovascular risk factors] (n=10). WB was performed on 19 iliac artery segments obtained from two groups, based on clinical data: an @entity731 group (A) [ @entity1 with @entity731 , who underwent surgery for lower limb @entity63 ] (n=10), and a nonatherosclerotic group (NA) [deceased organ donors without @entity65 /risk factors (n=9)]. Expression of @entity14600 , @entity9961 , @entity9205 , and @entity9350 was increased in @entity731 arteries. Positive correlations between @entity14600 and @entity9961 expression in the intima-media complex assessed by IHC: (r=0.54; p=0.005) and WB: (r=0.47; p=0.005) were found. Positive correlations between expression of @entity9350 and other markers were observed. Lymphangiogenesis is enhanced within the @entity731 arterial wall. Our results confirm lymphatic system activation with increased lymphangiogenesis and lymphocyte/macrophage trafficking in @entity731 .

title: Arterial Wall Lymphangiogenesis Is Increased in the XXXX Iliac Atherosclerotic Arteries: Involvement of @entity9350 Receptor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity655 have opposite orientation of the myofibres and they are differently affected by @entity453 . This study investigated the differences in subendocardial and subepicardial left ventricular (LV) twist in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS: 214 @entity1 were included in the study: 60 with first @entity583 ( @entity583 ), 111 with chronic @entity712 (HF) and 43 normal subjects. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography provided LV volumes and function. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography differentiating the @entity655 was used for the assessment of LV twist. @entity1 with @entity583 were divided into two groups (small and large @entity583 ). RESULTS: Compared with normal subjects, peak subendocardial LV twist was significantly impaired in @entity1 with @entity583 (11.2    6.0   vs 15.3    2.7  , p<0.001). In @entity1 with chronic HF, peak subendocardial LV twist was even more impaired (4.6    3.4  , p<0.001 vs normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity583 ). Conversely, peak subepicardial LV twist was not statistically different between normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity583 (8.9    1.9   vs 8.4    4.4  , p=0.98), whereas it was significantly impaired in @entity1 with chronic HF (2.6    2.5  , p<0.001 vs normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity583 ). Peak subendocardial LV twist was not statistically different between large and small @entity583 , whereas peak subepicardial LV twist was significantly lower in large @entity583 than in small @entity583 (7.1    4.8   vs 9.6    3.6  , p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Subendocardial LV twist is reduced in @entity1 with @entity583 and chronic @entity712 whereas subepicardial LV twist is reduced only in chronic @entity712 . When @entity583 are divided into large and small @entity1188 , it becomes evident that subepicardial LV twist is only reduced in large @entity1188 .

title: Left ventricular rotational mechanics in @entity1 with @entity453 : differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic HF', 'ischaemic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial and subepicardial layers', 'Subendocardial and subepicardial layers']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity655 :: (MESH:C535504,Disease) :: ['subendocardial and subepicardial layers']


abstract: A barrier in the diagnosis of mild @entity131 (mTBI) stems from the lack of measures that are adequately sensitive in detecting mild @entity542 . MRI and CT are typically negative in mTBI @entity1 with persistent symptoms of @entity6413 ( @entity6413 ), and characteristic difficulties in sustaining attention often go undetected on neuropsychological testing, which can be insensitive to momentary lapses in concentration. Conversely, visual tracking strongly depends on sustained attention over time and is impaired in chronic mTBI @entity1 , especially when tracking an occluded target. This finding suggests deficient internal anticipatory control in mTBI, the neural underpinnings of which are poorly understood. The present study investigated the neuronal bases for deficient anticipatory control during visual tracking in 25 chronic mTBI @entity1 with persistent @entity6413 symptoms and 25 healthy control subjects. The task was performed while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG), which allowed us to examine whether @entity409 associated with @entity51 was due to altered alpha, beta, and/or gamma activity. Neuropsychological examinations characterized cognition in both groups. During MEG recordings, subjects tracked a predictably moving target that was either continuously visible or randomly occluded ( @entity558 ). MEG source-imaging analyses tested for group differences in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results showed executive functioning, information processing speed, and verbal @entity2414 in the mTBI group. Visual tracking was impaired in the mTBI group only in the @entity558 . @entity1 showed greater error than controls before and during target occlusion, and were slower to resynchronize with the target when it reappeared. Impaired tracking concurred with abnormal beta activity, which was suppressed in the parietal cortex, especially the right hemisphere, and enhanced in left caudate and frontal-temporal areas. Regional beta-amplitude demonstrated high classification accuracy (92%) compared to eye-tracking (65%) and neuropsychological variables (80%). These findings show that deficient internal anticipatory control in mTBI is associated with altered beta activity, which is remarkably sensitive given the heterogeneity of @entity130 .

title: Filling in the gaps: Anticipatory control of eye movements in chronic mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['gap condition']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neural dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['anticipatory control deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-concussive syndrome', 'PCS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']