abstract: BACKGROUND: Triathlon is an increasingly popular sport at both the elite and the recreational level. However, there have been few high-quality studies of @entity130 and illnesses among triathletes. OBJECTIVE: To register overuse problems and acute @entity130 among @entity68 -distance triathletes throughout a training season leading up to a major event. METHODS: A 26-week prospective cohort study was conducted including 174 @entity1 of the 2011 Norseman Xtreme Triathlon. Data on overuse @entity130 located in the shoulder, lower back, thigh, knee and lower leg were collected every second week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center @entity7184 . Illnesses, acute @entity130 and overuse problems affecting other anatomical areas were also recorded using standard injury surveillance methods. RESULTS: The average prevalence of overuse problems was 56% (95% CI 51 to 61) (490 cases). The average prevalence of substantial overuse problems was 20% (95% @entity22169 to 21) (165 cases). The most prevalent sites of overuse problems were the knee (25%), lower leg (23%) and lower back (23%). The acute injury incidence was 0.97 @entity130 per 1000 h of training (36 cases) and 1.02 @entity130 per 1000 h of competition (5 cases). A majority of moderate and severe acute @entity130 were located at the knee, shoulder/clavicle and sternum/ribs. The predominant types of acute @entity130 were contusions, @entity174 and @entity6475 . The incidence of illness was 5.3/1000 athlete-days (156 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Overuse problems constitute the majority of injury cases among @entity68 -distance triathletes, and are far more common than acute @entity130 and illnesses. The most prevalent sites of injury in the present study were the knee, lower leg, lower back and shoulder. Future injury prevention studies in @entity68 -distance triathletes should focus on these areas.

title: High prevalence of XXXX among @entity68 -distance triathletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['Overuse Injury Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity7184 :: (MESH:D012090,Disease) :: ['overuse injury']


abstract: One of the consequences of @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) is progressive collapse of the @entity3604 . This can lead to spinal @entity1513 that may cause restriction of respiratory function. The balloon kyphoplasty procedure can reduce @entity1513 and relieve the @entity158 . There are few studies that have appropriate data and follow-up to evaluate the effect of deformity correction on pulmonary function after the kyphoplasty procedure. The current study explores changes of pulmonary function of 30 older @entity1 who suffered from @entity3814 in the thoracolumbar segment after kyphoplasty. After kyphoplasty was performed on these @entity1 , thoracic kyphotic angle, local kyphotic angle, @entity158 scores, and pulmonary function parameters-vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured. All measurements were taken before, 3 days after, and 1 month after the kyphoplasty. The height of the vertebral body was restored, the local kyphotic angle was improved, and @entity158 scores were significantly decreased after kyphoplasty. FVC and MVV were significantly increased 3 days after the procedures; whereas only MVV had gone on to improve 1 month later. The decreased values of @entity158 scores had a remarkably positive correlation with the percentage of improvement of FVC (r=0.536) and MVV (r=0.614) measured 3 days after kyphoplasty. In @entity1 with @entity3814 , kyphoplasty could partially improve their impaired lung function.

title: Changes of pulmonary function for XXXX with @entity3814 after kyphoplasty.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['fractured osteoporotic vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'OVCFs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The best treatment for all but the most severe @entity130 associated with @entity174 must surely be suprapubic catheter drainage without local exploration. 2. The free drainage of exudates from an injured urethra is be obstructed by the larger sizes of standard-shaft indwelling catheter; the use of a standard shaft catheter in an injured urethra requires careful consideration in relation to the individual problem and should not be a routine; however, a fenestrated catheter may have some positive advantages. 3. The results of treating the less severe @entity174 -dislocation injuries by suprapubic catheter are sufficiently good to make any attempt at immediate local readjustment of incomplete dislocations inadvisable for all but those with a special experience of the surgery of the traumatized urethra. 4. If abdominopelvic exploration has to be undertaken for non-urologic indications, the repositioning of a dislocated bladder base by the aligned sling-suture technique is a relatively simple procedure which can be swiftly and reliably accomplished by an emergency surgeon. 5. The treatment of a @entity130 , even if severely dislocated, is not in itself a matter of immediate urgency once suprapubic catheter drainage has been established; however, exploration for continued @entity548 may be. If @entity548 is controlled by local tamponade there may be considerable advantage in postponing definitive resolution of a massive @entity3029 for a week or so because the @entity1 is usually fitter and the procedure is less likely to be complicated by serious @entity548 . When a particular @entity130 is considered suitable for a delayed primary repositioning, the @entity1 may be fit enough to transfer to the care of a urologic department with special experience of these problems.

title: A personal view of the immediate management of pelvic XXXX @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury', 'urethral injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A better understanding of pathophysiologic changes associated to @entity130 and @entity548 can help the development of therapies capable of reducing @entity130 -related mortality. The objective of this study was to describe a model of non-controlled @entity548 in @entity1707 . METHODS: Animals received @entity3652 and @entity1363 as pre-anesthetic medications. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 , and tracheal intubation was performed with the animals on spontaneous ventilation. After intubation neuromuscular blockade was performed. Animals were maintained in controlled mechanical ventilation and normocapnia. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1875 and @entity3575 as needed. Saline was infused during the entire preparation period. MONITORING: Cardioscope, pulse oximeter, invasive blood pressure, volumetric catheter in the pulmonary artery, and urine output by cystostomy were used. Experimental model: after the initial recording of hemodynamic, metabolic, and coagulation variables, right subcostal incision and left lobe liver biopsy were performed. Anesthetic infusion was reduced while the infusion of saline was interrupted. An incision 12cm long 2cm deep was performed in the right liver lobe followed by digital divulsion of the wound. During the hemorrhagic phase, an aspiration probe was placed close to the wound and the volume of aspirated blood was recorded. When mean arterial pressure reached 40mmHg and bleeding was above 700mL the intervention phase was initiated according to the type of study. CONCLUSION: The development of experimental models to reduce high mortality and costs related to @entity130 is important.

title: Experimental model of non-controlled @entity548 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Data from a prospective study of a Guatemalan village population revealed an exceedingly high force of @entity281 which may effect nutrition and growth from gestation onward. Maternal morbidity was higher and fetal antigenic stimulation was more frequent than in industrial societies. Infection of the young @entity1 was a common occurrence and although a great many @entity281 were silent, morbidity rates were extremely high, particularly during the protracted weaning period (6 to 24 months). @entity166 was found to be an important cause of @entity353 , arrest in height, and impaired physical growth. Also, it was a common precipitating factor of severe @entity3147 and @entity204 . Analysis of the dietary data of fully weaned @entity1 did not reveal a @entity51 . Most @entity1 , however, had very low calorie intakes. @entity166 was a common cause of @entity448 and of marked reduction in calorie intake, followed by @entity353 and impaired physical growth. A strong inverse correlation was detected between infectious disease and calorie intake in the 2nd year of life, when @entity1 were being weaned. Infection is the most important isolated factor in the causation of @entity3147 in the village. A reorientation of health and nutrition policies seems in line in view of failures of food supplementation programs, particularly with protein, in many parts of the world.

title: Effect of XXXX and the nutritional state: perspectives as viewed from the village.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in protein intake']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection on food intake']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if 2-h urine collection for the assessment of urine protein excretion and @entity1011 clearance correlates with 24-h urine collection in pregnant @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 of gestational ages ranging from 8-41 weeks, admitted as inpatients and having undergone evaluation for renal function (n = 59). We obtained the following samples: 1) 2-h urine, and 2) 24-h urine. We measured serum @entity1011 concentration, urinary protein, @entity1011 concentration, and @entity1011 clearance. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, two-way ANOVA, univariate linear regression analysis, and Bland-Altman plot comparing the efficacy of 2-h urine results with 24-h urine results. RESULTS: We analyzed the data on 51 @entity1 . Total @entity644 calculated by protein/ @entity1011 (P:C) ratio in the 2-h group correlated with the total protein measured in the 24-h group (1,840.8 +/- 786 and 1,944 +/- 1,060 mg [mean +/- SE], respectively, r2 = 0.95, P < 0.0001). @entity1011 clearance correlated in the 2- and 24-h groups (111 +/- 42 and 122.5 +/- 50 ml/min, respectively; r2 = 0.73, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Two-hour urine sampling offers the same clinical information as 24-h urine collection for the evaluation of renal function. Use of 2-h urine collection reduces the time of evaluation and diagnosis, whereby increasing @entity1 compliance and reducing errors in performance of the tests.

title: Two-hour urine collection for evaluating renal function correlates with 24-hour urine collection in pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine', 'Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity4770 (PGI2) analogue and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) were administered to @entity235 with pulmonary denervation, and their effects on warm @entity63 damage to the lung were studied. Twenty-seven adult mongrel @entity235 were divided into a control group (6 @entity235 ), a PGI2 group (7 @entity235 ), an SOD group (6 @entity235 ), and a heparin group (8 @entity235 ). The left pulmonary hilum was dissected, with PGI2 (1 microgram/kg) being administered to the PGI2 group and heparin (100 U/kg) to the heparin group. Then the left lung was placed in a warm @entity63 state for 1 hour. The SOD group also received 20 mg/kg of SOD intravenously 1 minute before reperfusion. Before warm @entity63 , immediately after reperfusion, and 1 hour and 2 hours afterward, the blood gases, left pulmonary vascular resistance, and other data were measured under right pulmonary artery clamping. Arterial @entity26 tension showed significantly better values in the SOD and PGI2 groups than in the control and heparin groups. The left pulmonary vascular resistance increased with time in the control group but did not increase in the PGI2 group. Pulmonary microangiography showed that dilatation of the pulmonary arterioles was prominent in the PGI2 group. The quantity of pulmonary extravascular fluid was significantly less in the PGI2 and SOD groups than in the control and heparin groups. Histological examination showed marked collapse of capillaries, @entity548 , and @entity4 in the control and heparin groups, whereas these changes were only slight in the PGI2 and SOD groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity4770 and @entity224 dismutase on reperfusion injury of warm XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraalveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin I2']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical predictors associated with @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in @entity1 in a referral @entity4837 ( @entity4837 ). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a nested case control study of all @entity4837 @entity1 with urine cultures obtained as part of late-onset @entity295 evaluations from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 (N=266). Clinical factors and laboratory results were compared between subjects with positive urine cultures (cases, N= 27) and randomly selected subjects with negative cultures (controls, N= 54). RESULTS: Cases were significantly older than controls at the time of urine culture (75 days vs. 29 days, p=0.003). Maximal peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) did not differ between cases and controls. Only 24% of cases had a simultaneously positive blood culture. In multivariable analysis, only increased chronological age was statistically associated with a positive culture (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.09, 8.39). CONCLUSION: Limited clinical factors exist to identify @entity4837 @entity1 at increased risk for @entity293 . Peripheral WBC count and @entity1851 do not help discriminate between @entity1 with and without @entity293 . Clinicians should evaluate chronologically older @entity4837 @entity1 for @entity281 like other young @entity1 , including a urine culture, to adequately identify potential sources of @entity281 .

title: Clinical Predictors of XXXX in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal intensive care unit', 'NICU']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary Tract Infection']


abstract: Mechanical, barrier and morphological properties of edible films based on blends of @entity3587 starch (PS) and Peanut protein isolate (PPI) plasticized with @entity653 (30%, w/w) were investigated. As PPI ratio in PS/PPI blends increased, the thickness of films decreased, the @entity231 slightly elevated and color intensified. The addition of PPI to the PS film significantly reduced tensile strength from 5.44 MPa to 3.06 MPa, but increased elongation from 28.56% to 98.12% with the incorporation of PPI into PS at 50% level. Film solubility value fell from 22.31% to 9.78% upon the incorporation of PPI ranged from 0 to 50% level. When PPI was added into PS film at 40% level, the WVP and WVTR of the films markedly dropped from 11.18% to 4.19% and 6.16 to 1.95%, respectively. @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) of the surface of films showed that many swollen starch granules were presented in the 100% PS film, while 100% @entity7371 film was observed to have rougher surfaces with presence of pores or cavities. The PS/PPI blend films upon the incorporation of PPI at 20% and 50% level were not homogeneous. However, the smoother film surface was observed in PS/PPI blend films with the addition of PPI at 40% level. @entity4653 image of the cross-sections of the films revealed that the 100% PS film showed a uniform and compact matrix without disruption, and pore formation and 100% PPI film displayed a smooth structure. Rougher and flexible network was shown in blend film with the addition of PPI reaching 40% level.

title: Mechanical, barrier and morphological properties of XXXX starch and peanut protein isolate blend films.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Scanning electron microscopy', 'SEM']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: The binding and @entity137 of a complex of @entity2822 -labeled 56K protease and @entity5843 ( @entity5843 ) were determined by using various @entity1 and rodent @entity5 cell lines. The binding was higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C; a rapid and progressive uptake that was time dependent was noted at 37 degrees C, whereas no uptake was observed at 4 degrees C, which indicated temperature-dependent internalization. The binding was highest in the fibroblastic and @entity420 cells, and lowest in squamous and epidermoid cells. The Scatchard plots for the binding isotherms were linear, with an apparent Kassoc 1.17 to 2.99 x 10(-8) M for those cells with high @entity5843 receptor. The number of binding sites ( @entity5843 receptor) per cell was 1.3 to 4.75 x 10(6). Values for squamous/epidermoid cells were much lower or undetectable. Fluorescent antibody staining indicated that MCF-7 and other cells with @entity5843 receptor internalized the protease- @entity5843 complex, whereas B-16 @entity320 , which has little @entity5843 receptor on the cell surface, did not. Furthermore, when the @entity137 of this complex was compared with that of different cell lines, the cells with high rates of uptake of the complex required only a low concentration of the protease and vice versa. These results suggest a possible mechanism of cytotoxic action of protease: @entity5843 receptor-mediated endocytosis of the complex followed by destruction of cellular integrity after regeneration of proteolytic activity. Thus, cells with more @entity5843 receptor require only a low dose for cytotoxic action when compared with cells with little @entity5843 receptor.

title: XXXX of bacterial proteases in various @entity5 cells mediated through alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin', 'alpha 2M']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if repetitive administration of @entity3566 causes decreased pregnancy wastage rates in @entity1 who are at a high risk of luteal inadequacy. DESIGN: Ovulation induction using @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) or @entity4082 (CC) is associated with luteal phase defects that may cause increased pregnancy wastage. An increased risk of abortion exists also in pregnancies in @entity1 with previous repeated @entity2208 , @entity1 older than 37 years, and various causes of @entity249 such as @entity4089 . Because the presumed common denominator to the increased rate of pregnancy wastage in all these cases is @entity409 , repetitive @entity3566 administration, 2,500 U two times weekly, was carried out between the 4th and 8th week of gestation in 249 cases of ovulation induction and/or previous abortions, whereas 198 gestations served as controls (no @entity3566 administration). RESULTS: In the @entity3566 treatment group, 43 ended in @entity2208 (17.3%) versus 97 abortions in the control group (49%, P less than 0.01). In 160 cases of hMG/ @entity3566 generated gestations, 94 received @entity3566 and 66 did not. The pregnancy wastage rates were 21.3% and 42.4%, respectively (P less than 0.05). In 144 cases of CC/ @entity3566 -induced pregnancies, 95 received @entity3566 and 49 served as controls. The respective abortion rates were 15.8% and 44.8% (P less than 0.01). The remaining 143 spontaneous conceptions occurred in @entity249 @entity1 with previous repeated abortions. In 60 of these conceptions, @entity3566 was administered during the first 4 weeks of gestation and 83 cases served as control. The pregnancy wastage rates were 13.3% versus 56.6%, respectively (P less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: Repetitive administration of @entity3566 during the early gestation in cases that are at high risk of luteal inadequacy may significantly decrease the pregnancy wastage rate.

title: Early pregnancy wastage: the role of repetitive XXXX chorionic gonadotropin supplementation during the first 8 weeks of gestation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['luteal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective. To explore the area and sensitization variance of acupoint when internal organs are under pathological condition. To observe quantity-effect variance of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD) to electroacupuncture under both physiological and pathological conditions. To explain medulla oblongata mechanism of acupoint sensitization. Method. Mustard oil was imported into colon and rectum of 20   male SD @entity35 in order to observe its influence on acupoint sensitization. SRD neuron activity was recorded. Visceral nociceptive stimulus was generated by @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Quantity-effect variance of neuron activity to electroacupuncture to "Zusanli-Shangjuxu" area both before and after @entity14 was observed. Paired t-test is used for cross-group comparison; P < 0.05 is deemed as of statistical differences. Result. Visceral @entity32 could facilitate SRD neuron activity to acupoint stimulation. Visceral nociceptive afference could enhance neuron activity to acupoint acupuncture. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neuron activity caused by electroacupuncture increased when visceral nociception increased. Conclusion. The size and function of the acupoints comply with the functionality of the internal organs. The sensitive degree of acupoints changed according to malfunction of internal organs.

title: Visceral nociceptive afferent facilitates reaction of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis to acupoint stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity834 and stricture after esophagectomy remains high. Gastric devascularization followed by delayed esophageal resection has been proposed to minimize these complications. We investigated the effect of @entity63 conditioning duration on anastomotic wound healing in an animal model of esophagogastrectomy. METHODS: @entity3968 were randomized to four study groups. Group A underwent immediate resection and gastroesophageal @entity254 . Groups B, C, and D were treated with delayed resection and @entity254 after a @entity63 conditioning period of 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively. Gastric conditioning was performed by ligating the left, right, and short gastric vessels. An intraabdominal esophagogastric resection and @entity254 was performed, followed by euthanasia 10 days later. Outcome variables included anastomotic bursting pressure, microvessel concentration, tissue @entity32 , and collagen deposition. RESULTS: Twenty-four opossums were randomized to groups A (n = 7), B (n = 8), C (n = 5), and D (n = 4). Subclinical @entity834 was discovered at necropsy in 5 animals: 3 in group A, and 1 each in groups B and C (p = 0.295). The anastomotic bursting pressure did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.545). A 7 day @entity63 conditioning time did not produce increased @entity2295 (p = 0.900), but animals with a 30 day conditioning time showed significantly increased microvessel counts compared to unconditioned animals (p = 0.016). The degree of @entity32 at the healing @entity254 decreased significantly as the @entity63 conditioning period increased (p = 0.003). Increasing delay interval was also associated with increased muscularis propria preservation (p = 0.001) and decreased collagen deposition at the healing @entity254 (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Animals treated with 30 days of @entity63 conditioning showed significantly increased @entity2295 and muscularis propria preservation and decreased @entity32 and collagen deposition at the healing @entity254 . These data suggest that an @entity63 conditioning period longer than 7 days is required to achieve the desired effect on wound healing.

title: Gastric @entity63 conditioning increases neovascularization and reduces XXXX and fibrosis during gastroesophageal anastomotic healing.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['North American opossums']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECT: In reporting on molecular studies involving @entity11 in adults, authors have noted that deletions of @entity983 and amplification of @entity470 are common and may contribute to @entity5 development, providing a rationale for a number of therapies aimed at these molecular targets. The frequency of comparable abnormalities has not been defined in a sizable pediatric cohort. To address this issue, we examined @entity5 samples from the @entity1 's Cancer Group 945 study, a large randomized trial of treatment for childhood @entity11 . METHODS: Tissue sections in 62 evaluable cases were examined, and the @entity5 were isolated by microdissection. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect @entity983 mutations. Deletions of @entity983 were also assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 27 cases and loss of heterozygosity analysis in 54; @entity470 was assessed using immunohistochemistry to identify areas with maximal @entity470 expression, followed by FISH to determine @entity470 amplification. Alteration of the @entity983 sequence was detected in just one of 62 @entity5 , in conjunction with @entity393 ; @entity983 deletions without mutation were evident in seven additional @entity5 . The @entity983 alterations were more common in @entity463 multiforme (seven of 25 @entity5 ) than other @entity5 subgroups (one of 37 @entity5 ) (p = 0.0056). Although 14 of 38 evaluable @entity5 had increased @entity470 expression compared to normal tissue, only one @entity5 exhibited amplification of @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in @entity983 and amplification of @entity470 are uncommon in pediatric @entity11 , in contrast to adult @entity11 . From this one can infer that the pediatric and adult @entity5 involve distinct molecular causes. The results of this study have important implications for the adaptation of @entity11 therapies aimed at molecular targets in adults to the treatment of @entity11 , and highlight the need for investigations of therapies specifically directed toward childhood @entity5 .

title: Rarity of @entity983 deletions and @entity470 amplification in @entity11 of childhood: results from the XXXX 's Cancer Group 945 cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['childhood gliomas', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 10']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) in @entity957 Tca8113 cell line and observe the biological characteristics of @entity5 cells expressing high level of ALDH (ALDH(hig)). METHODS: The expression of ALDH in @entity957 Tca8113 cell line was detected by the flow cytometry. The ALDH(hig) and ALDH(low) subpopulation cells were isolated and cultured in vitro respectively. The ability of differentiation, proliferation and tumorsphere formation were detected. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to screen the genes overexpressed in ALDH(hig) subpopulation cells. RESULTS: The ALDH(hig) cells in @entity957 Tca8113 cell line was rarely 1.3%. Compared with ALDH(low) cells and unsorted cells, ALDH(hig) cells demonstrated increased proliferation capacity. After culture in vitro, the percentage of ALDH(hig) cells decreased gradually to the level of that in unsorted @entity5 cells. The ALDH(hig) subpopulation cells could survive in serum free medium and generate tumorspheres. SSH analysis revealed these @entity5 cells also expressed stem cell related genes. CONCLUSION: There is a rare subpopulation cells expressing ALDH highly, which displays characteristics similar to stem cells. ALDH may be one of markers for @entity5 stem cells of @entity957 Tca8113 cell line.

title: [Biological characteristics of cells expressing high level of XXXX dehydrogenase subpopulation in @entity957 Tca8113 cell line].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity264 :: (CHEBI:17478,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity6 on the manifestation of digitalis @entity1370 in whole animal model. Animals after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of @entity3839 treatment (60 mg/kg i.v.) were anesthetized (45 mg/kg @entity4486 and 500 mg/kg @entity4774 ), chest opened and instrumented for the recording of EKG, carotid pressure, left ventricular pressure and dp/dt. @entity7832 was infused at a fixed rate (0.4 mg/kg/min) via the femoral vein. Animals at all stages of @entity6 had sinus @entity1168 , but the basal mechanical function was found to be @entity308 only after 12 weeks of @entity3839 treatment. After 16 weeks of @entity3839 injection, 40% of the animals showed some spontaneous arrhythmic activity, which lasted only a few seconds, and prolonged QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate). In response to @entity7832 infusion, @entity6 animals showed less maximal inotropic effect (30-40% reduction from the weight-matched control @entity35 ) and required at least 3-fold more @entity7832 for the initiation of @entity943 than the nondiabetic @entity35 (24.031 +/- 1.52 mg/kg vs 8.05 +/- 1.3 mg/kg). The reduced sensitivity to @entity7832 could not be explained by the presence of @entity1168 . Response to a toxic dose of @entity7832 was restored to the nondiabetic state on treatment with insulin. These observations suggest that the diseased @entity6 shows diminished sensitivity to digitalis @entity137 .

title: Influence of the XXXX state on digitalis-induced @entity943 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity7832 :: ('MESH:D010042', 'Chemical') :: ['Ouabain', 'ouabain']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several adjuvant analgesic agents proposed to treat the @entity282 while reducing the doses of opioid and its derivatives. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in several operative procedures. The present study aimed to demonstrate the @entity1286 -sparing effects of single-dose intramuscular @entity3522 in explore laparotomy gynecologic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-six @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 75-mg of @entity3522 or normal saline with intramuscular @entity1286 during immediate postoperative period. Additional @entity1286 for @entity158 control was given by @entity1 -controlled analgesia. 24-hour @entity1286 consumption, @entity158 score, adverse effects and satisfaction of the @entity1 were recorded. RESULTS: Median @entity1286 consumption among groups was significant difference between placebo and @entity3522 group (32 and 19 mg) (p = 0.041). Greater difference was shown in @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (p = 0.009). Catagorical @entity158 score at 6-hour postoperatively was significant lower in @entity3522 group (p = 0.006). No significant difference was found between groups in visual analogue @entity158 score, @entity1 ' satisfaction, presence of @entity548 or @entity390 and @entity391 . CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that single dose of @entity3522 has @entity1286 -sparing effects and can be safely used in explore laparotomy gynecologic surgery without significant adverse effects.

title: Effect of intramuscular XXXX after explore laparotomy for gynecologic surgery: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: World Health organization (WHO) declared @entity378 as a global emergency because it poses a serious public health threat in different countries especially, in Africa. According to WHO report of 2007, Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) coverage in Ethiopia reached 95 percent of the population; despite this fact the trend of @entity378 in most of the districts of Ethiopia is not known. Hence, this study has revealed the trend and determined the overall prevalence of smear positive @entity1907 in five years (2005/6-2009/10) in Agaro teaching health center, south west Ethiopia. METHODS: A retrospective study based on record review was conducted at Agaro Teaching Health center on sputum examination record of @entity1 's from 2005/6-2009/10(five years). Socio demographic data and sputum laboratory results were collected using pre-designed questionnaire and the data was entered into a computer using SPSS version 16 for windows. Finally, cross tab analysis and Chi-square was calculated at P-value less than 0.05 to check possible association between socio-demographic variables and smear positivity. RESULTS: The overall five years prevalence of smear positive @entity1907 was found out to be 10.9%. On the other hand, the percentage of smear positive @entity1907 cases showed gradual decrease from 19.5% in 2005/6 to 5.8% cases in 2009/10. CONCLUSION: @entity378 is still the major problem of Agaro health center catchment area even though there is a decrease in trend from year to year. Hence, the respective health bureau and other stake holders should still need to strengthen their effort to control it.

title: Smear Posetive XXXX ( @entity1907 ) Prevalence Amongst @entity1 at Agaro Teaching Health Center, South West Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity0 a radiation therapy is indicated under the following conditions: 1. Postoperative irradiation only of the regional lymph-nodes also in stage I (T1, N0). 2. Postoperative irradiation of the regional lymph-nodes and the thorax wall in cases with great primary @entity5 (T2), in cases with involved axillary lymph-nodes and, of course, in all cases with "grave signs". 3. Preoperative irradiation only in those cases when it seems possible that an inoperable @entity5 would become operable. 4. As the sole local treatment only in cases with very large inoperable @entity5 or in special cases (e.g. very high risc or refusal of the operation). 5. As local treatment of a local recidive or of isolated @entity3 . 6. As supporting local therapy (e.g. threatening fracturation of our fracturated bone @entity3 ; brain @entity3 ) in cases of generalized metastatic disease treated by hormonal or cytostatic therapy.

title: [Radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Although @entity6 is more prevalent among Asian @entity1 , Asians with @entity6 are anecdotally believed to receive a lesser standard of care, compared with non-Asians. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Asian @entity1 with @entity6 in Sandwell receive an inferior standard of care in primary care compared with non-Asians. Standards were based on tests carried out, in compliance with Sandwell's @entity6 Local Clinical Guideline. Data were collected from records of 774 @entity1 with @entity6 in 14 Sandwell practices. Proportions were recorded of Asian @entity1 receiving specified tests, compared with non-Asians. No significant differences were observed between Asians and non-Asians for checks on feet, eyes, body mass index (BMI), smoking or blood pressure. Significantly fewer Asians received an HbA1c check. The mean HbA1c value was higher in Asians. More Asian @entity1 received a urine test than non-Asians. Asian @entity1 generally had lower BMI values. When stratified by practice however, no significant differences between Asians and non-Asians were observed for any single check. No significant differences were found between the overall proportions of checks carried out between Asians and non-Asians. A wide variation was observed in the proportion of @entity1 who had individual checks done, between practices. There were no systematic differences in the standard of care given to Asian and non-Asian @entity1 . Practices varied a great deal in the extent to which they carry out, and record, checks on @entity1 with @entity6 . A possible explanation for the reason that no summary result showed a significant difference was due to the confounding effect of the practice: that general practices tended to treat all their @entity1 --Asian and non-Asian--similarly. Nevertheless, general practitioners should therefore take steps to ensure that all @entity1 with @entity6 have these checks at recommended intervals.

title: Do Asians with XXXX in Sandwell receive inferior primary care? A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the use of stentless aortic bioprostheses improves hemodynamics more than stented bioprostheses in the small aortic root is still a matter of debate. METHODS: Early- and mid-term effects were compared between 2 different types of stentless bioprotheses and 1 type of stented bioprosthesis for @entity5707 . The effects of the bioprotheses were studied by echocardiography in 68 @entity1 (age, 74 +/- 7 years) with aortic annulus diameter < or =23 mm who were undergoing prosthesis implantation due to @entity472 . Stented bioprostheses ( @entity7440 [ @entity7440 ]) were implanted in 36 subjects and stentless bioprostheses (18 Toronto SPV and 14 Shelhigh Super Stentless) were implanted in 32 subjects. RESULTS: A progressive and similar decrease in left ventricular mass of 30% was observed in both stented and stentless bioprostheses at 12 months. A progressive increase in transprosthetic effective orifice area and a decrease in transprothetic pressure gradient were observed at 3, 6, and 12 months in the Toronto group, but these variables showed improvement only at 3 months in the @entity7440 and Shelhigh groups. No mortality occurred during surgery or during the 1-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed good feasibility of aortic stented and stentless bioprostheses implantation in the elderly population. A 30% decrease in left ventricular mass occurred in the early- and mid-term (12 months) periods after surgery with all 3 types of bioprostheses. Advantages consisting of a progressive increase in transprosthetic effective orifice area and a decrease of the transprosthetic pressure gradient were observed in the Toronto group in comparison to the @entity7440 and Shelhigh groups. These observations may help surgeons in choosing bioprostheses.

title: Stented versus stentless bioprostheses in XXXX : effect on @entity5707 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic isolated stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7440 :: ('MESH:C580500', 'Disease') :: ['Carpentier-Edwards Perimount', 'CEP']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodelling']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity3458 are predisposed to @entity281 caused by @entity328 . However, there has been only one published case of @entity2506 in an adult with @entity3458 . We report here the cases of six adults with @entity3458 , @entity295 , and @entity693 . Five @entity1 were male and one was female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 34 years (mean, 25.7 years). Five @entity1 had the SS and one had the SC hemoglobin phenotype. Only one @entity1 had received pneumococcal vaccine (14 valent). This vaccine did not protect against the pneumococcal serotype causing his @entity281 . All @entity1 had high fever (mean, 39.8 degrees C [103.7 degrees F]) on admission; five had generalized weakness and four had neck stiffness. Leukocyte counts were greater than 30,000/mm3 in all @entity1 . @entity328 was isolated from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid in all @entity1 . The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis in six @entity1 , an elevated protein level in five, and hypoglycorrhachia in two. Complications included @entity177 in four @entity1 , disseminated @entity5642 in one, and @entity410 in another. Two @entity1 died. @entity295 and @entity693 are uncommon in adults with @entity3458 , but they carry a high morbidity and mortality. Wider use of the new 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in these @entity1 is recommended.

title: XXXX and @entity693 in adults with @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumococcal sepsis', 'pneumococcal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Systemic inflammatory responses have been reported to be independent predictors of @entity5 -specific survival in @entity14 . The @entity18880 ( @entity18880 ), which is an inflammation-based prognostic factor, is defined by the presence of elevated @entity1851 and @entity4988 . The purpose of this study was to estimate whether @entity18880 can be a prognostic factor in @entity1 undergoing curative surgery for @entity14 . METHODS: We studied 166 @entity1 with stage II (TNM classification) and 200 @entity1 with stage III who had undergone curative surgery for @entity14 between 1999 and 2004. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and prognosis. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with stage II, location and @entity18880 were independent factors on multivariate analysis. In particular, @entity18880 was revealed to be the strongest factor in @entity5 -specific survival (HR: 7.43, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.86-19.30, p < 0.0001). On the other hand, among @entity1 with stage III, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was the only independent factor on multivariate analysis (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.20, p < 0.0001). @entity18880 was not a prognostic factor in @entity5 -specific survival in stage III. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with stage II, @entity18880 was predictive of @entity5 -specific survival.

title: Glasgow prognostic score as a prognostic factor in @entity1 undergoing curative surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow Prognostic Score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this review was to assess (health-related) quality of life ([HR]Qol) after 1-stage or 2-stage revision for @entity281 of the hip ( @entity950 ). Additionally, we compared (HR)QoL scores with normative population scores to assess whether QoL is reduced after revision for @entity950 . METHODS: A systematic search was performed in Embase, Cochrane and Pubmed. We included articles that reported (HR)QoL questionnaires after staged revision for hip @entity950 with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS score. RESULTS: The search produced 11,195 results. We selected 12 papers describing 2-stage revisions. The mean MINORS score was 9.8. Average WOMAC scores of 185 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 69.8 months were 73.Average Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores of 159 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 40.7 months were 40.4 for the physical component score (PCS) and 51.6 for the mental component score (MCS). Average Short Form 12 (SF-12) scores of 154 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 73.4 months were: a PCS of 35.4 and a MCS of 49.1. The WOMAC, SF-12 (PCS) and SF-36 (PCS) were respectively 12%, 26.7% and 14.8% lower, compared to normative values. DISCUSSIONS: @entity1 who underwent 2-stage revision for hip @entity950 had @entity2483 , but mental scores were comparable to the general population.

title: Quality of life after staged revision for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['substantially lower (physical component) (HR)QoL scores']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infected total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3219 of the central nervous system (CNS) is seen in 10% to 20% of @entity1 with disseminated @entity3219 and/or in association with immunocompromised @entity1 . @entity693 , @entity2443 , and @entity1276 are the most common clinical manifestations of CNS @entity3219 . @entity1 with CNS @entity3219 present similarly to other infectious etiologies, and confirmatory diagnosis is important in the management of these @entity1 . However, diagnosis of CNS @entity3219 can be difficult, and sometimes performing a parenchymal biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the case of a 41-year-old @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 who presented with the signs, symptoms, and radiologic evidence of basal @entity693 and @entity1276 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis from multiple lumbar punctures was negative. The @entity1 underwent a neuroendoscopic procedure with diagnostic and therapeutic goals. Internal CSF diversion (endoscopic third ventriculostomy) and biopsy of the floor of the third ventricle and subarachnoid space were performed; surgical biopsies identified noncaseating @entity738 , and ventricular CSF was positive for @entity3219 antibodies. The @entity1 was treated with liposomal @entity2379 and @entity2059 . The @entity1 had resolution of his symptoms immediately after surgery, and 1-month follow-up computed tomography of the head demonstrated resolution of the @entity1276 . At the last follow-up 12 months postoperatively, the @entity1 has not required insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for @entity30106 in @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity1276 . With nondiagnostic lumbar CSF sampling, neuroendoscopy can be considered as an alternative for diagnosis and treatment of basal @entity693 and @entity1276 .

title: Neuroendoscopic diagnosis of central nervous system histoplasmosis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity30106 :: ('MESH:D016921', 'Disease') :: ['fungal basal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2443 :: (MESH:D001100,Disease) :: ['basilar arachnoiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Food-dependent exercised-induced @entity2021 (FEIAn) is classified among the physical @entity566 . Many different food allergens have been reported, but the pathophysiology of FEIAn remains unknown. Furthermore, provocation tests with a suspected food do not always succeed in @entity1 with FEIAn. OBJECTIVE: We sought to clarify and investigate causative foods and mechanisms of FEIAn in a 14-year-old @entity1 . In addition, we tested in vivo and in vitro effects of @entity9992 in the same @entity1 . METHODS: We used open challenge tests for the provocation of FEIAn and measured changes in plasma @entity112 levels and FEV1. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of FEIAn in this case with in vitro @entity112 release testing. RESULTS: The @entity1 was diagnosed as having FEIAn by provocation testing with a simultaneous intake of @entity3505 and umeboshi, but not when each food was eaten singly, followed by exercise. In addition, his plasma @entity112 level increased transiently and forced expiratory volume 1, expressed as a percentage change from baseline, decreased significantly. A synergistic effect on in vitro @entity112 release testing with 2 kinds of the causative foods was shown. Administration of cromolyn @entity1372 proved to be effective on both the in vitro and in vivo tests. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of FEIAn provoked by the test with a simultaneous intake of 2 kinds of food. This case might in part explain negative challenge test results in @entity1 with FEIAn.

title: The necessity for dual food intake to provoke food-dependent exercise-induced XXXX (FEIAn): a case report of FEIAn with simultaneous intake of @entity3505 and umeboshi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromolyn sodium']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: 107 @entity1 with separation of the head of the femoral epiphysis were treated surgically at the Marburg Orthopaedic University Hospital during the 1955--1975 period. Followup examinations were performed in 69 @entity1 . 34 of these had been subjected to @entity5515 . On the average the operation had been performed 7.64 years ago. Early results were good. In most cases it was possible to correct the malposition caused by the slipping. Necroses of the femoral head were not seen more frequently than with most other methods. Necrosis of the femoral head occurred four times after 35 linear osteotomies in 34 @entity1 . Definite roentgenological signs of @entity4040 were seen about 2--3 years after the opration. These changes increased with increasing interval between operation and examination. @entity5515 prevent the development of early @entity4040 in cases where separation of the head of the femoral epiphysis exceeds 30 degrees. Despite this limitation, the @entity1 examined during the followup study revealed a clinically favourable picture with good functioning and very considerable freedom from symptoms; it must be borne in mind in this connection that all @entity1 were still under 35 years of age.

title: [Late results of XXXX in epiphysiolysis capitis femoris juvenilis (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['subcapital linear osteotomy', 'Subcapital linear osteotomy cannot']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity5515 :: (MESH:D017499,Disease) :: ['subcapital linear osteotomy']


abstract: @entity5 heterogeneity and @entity2214 at the genetic level may explain the development of @entity5 during clinical progression of @entity521 ( @entity521 ). In this report we use 1p allelic analysis and DNA ploidy to evaluate clonal heterogeneity and clonal selection in vivo. We studied a total of 69 @entity5 from 29 @entity1 with @entity521 . To evaluate @entity5 heterogeneity and @entity2214 in vivo we used a panel of polymorphic allelic markers mapping to chromosome 1. 33 @entity5 from 12 @entity1 (group 1) were obtained from different sites during the same surgery or at sequential surgeries without intervening chemotherapy to evaluate genetic heterogeneity. Paired samples from 10 @entity1 (group 2) were used to evaluate clonal selection before and after chemotherapy. In 6 cases paired @entity5 and derived cell lines were studied. Analysis of DNA ploidy changes by karyotype, FISH and flow cytometry was performed in 15 @entity5 from 6 multiply recurred local-regional (LR) @entity521 @entity1 . Allelotype study revealed that 66% (8/12) of group 1 samples were heterogeneous, with distinct allelic patterns in @entity5 samples separated by time or location. In group 2 allelic patterns were different in post-chemotherapy specimens in 60% (6/10). DNA ploidy analysis showed that pre-chemotherapy samples contained 2 distinct ploidy clones, one diploid and one triploid, whereas all post-chemotherapy tumor samples were 100% diploid. These findings suggest that @entity521 exhibits a high degree of clonal heterogeneity and @entity2214 occurs during the course of therapy and clinical progression.

title: Genetic heterogeneity and @entity2214 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant or resistant disease', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity460 antagonists (CAs) interfere with the @entity460 entry of many cells and therefore affect various cells and properties of the kidney. At present, most information on the renal actions of CAs concerns their relaxing effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. @entity8 and decreased renal vascular resistance are most prominent when CAs are used in @entity101 laboratory animals or @entity1 . This results in an increase of renal blood flow and, at times, in an even greater rise of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The augmenting effect on GFR is at present incompletely understood. It has been considered that it is due to the rise of the glomerular capillary pressure and/or due to increase of the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient. Unlike other vasodilators, CAs do not cause fluid retention, but rather induce diuresis and natriuresis. Initial studies on the renal effects of CAs in states of @entity101 and/or impaired kidney function have demonstrated that CAs may play a role in maintaining GFR in otherwise progressive @entity8 . It remains to be seen whether these effects are related not only to the improvement of renal hemodynamics but also to protection against the action of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and platelets. While CAs have gained an established role in the treatment of @entity101 showing beneficial short-term action on the kidneys, their long-term effects on renal structures and function require further elucidation.

title: Renal actions of XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal vasodilation', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparotomy is the standard approach for the surgical treatment of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From February 2007 to May 2012 we prospectively recorded all @entity1 operated by laparoscopy in our hospital because of @entity697 due to adhesions (27 cases) and/or internal @entity547 (6 cases). A preoperative abdominal CT was performed in all cases. @entity1 suffering from @entity298 and/or @entity295 were excluded from the laparoscopic approach. It was decided to convert to laparotomy if intestinal resection was required. RESULTS: The mean age of the 33 @entity1 who underwent surgery was 61.1    17.6 years. 64% had previous history of abdominal surgery. 72% of the cases were operated by surgeons highly skilled in laparoscopy. Conversion rate was 21%. Operative time and postoperative length of stay were 83    44 min. and 7.8    11.2 days, respectively. Operative time (72    30 vs 123    63 min.), tolerance to oral intake (1.8    0.9 vs 5.7    3.3 days) and length of postoperative stay (4.7    2.5 vs 19.4    21 days) were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group compared with the conversion group, although converted @entity1 had greater clinical severity (2 bowel resections). There were two severe complications (Clavien-Dindo III and V) in the conversion group. CONCLUSIONS: In selected cases of @entity697 caused by adhesions and internal @entity547 and when performed by surgeons highly skilled in laparoscopy, a laparoscopic approach has a high probability of success (low conversion rate, short hospital length of stay and low morbidity); its use would be fully justified in these cases.

title: Results of a laparoscopic approach for the treatment of @entity697 due to adhesions and internal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute small bowel obstruction', 'ASBO']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the prognostic value of pulse amplitude on intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space @entity1276 (DESH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting surgical benefit after shunt placement in @entity5083 ( @entity5083 ). METHOD: @entity1 with suspected @entity5083 were prospectively recruited from a single centre. All @entity1 received preoperative MRI and ICP monitoring. @entity1 were classified as shunt responders if they had an improvement of one point or more on the NPH score at 1  year post-surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and positive and negative predictive values of the two diagnostic methods were calculated. RESULTS: Sixty-four of 89 @entity1 clinically improved at 1  year post-surgery and were classed as shunt responders. Positive DESH findings had a sensitivity of 79.4  % and specificity of 80.8  % for predicting shunt responders. Fifty-five of 89 @entity1 had positive DESH findings: 50 of these responded to VP shunt, giving a positive and negative predictive value of 90.9  % and 61.8  %, respectively. Fifty-seven of 89 @entity1 had high ICP pulse amplitude. High ICP pulse amplitude had a sensitivity of 84.4  %, specificity of 88  %, positive predictive value of 94.7  % and negative predictive value of 61.8  % for predicting shunt responders. CONCLUSIONS: Both positive DESH findings and high ICP pulse amplitude support the diagnosis of @entity5083 and provide additional diagnostic value for predicting shunt-responsive @entity1 ; however, @entity101 was more accurate than positive DESH findings, although it is an invasive test.

title: Comparison of elevated intracranial pressure pulse amplitude and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space (DESH) for prediction of surgical results in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus', 'iNPH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high ICP amplitude']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity5083 :: (MESH:D006850,Disease) :: ['idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity1412 is mainly unknown although it has been connected with many clinical conditions. The long-term clinical course of @entity1412 is largely unknown, because long-term followup studies on the recurrence of @entity1412 have rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to find out the clinical course of @entity1412 over a long period of time. @entity1 AND METHODS: Our report describes a 20-year follow-up study of 41 @entity1 with @entity480 . These @entity1 had surgery for nasal polyp disease 20 years previously and they were initially grouped according to occurrence of (1) @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) intolerance, (2) @entity566 ( @entity566 ), and (3) @entity566 ( @entity566 ). @entity1 were now re-examined, sinus computed tomography (CT) scanning was made, and a biopsy from polyp or from mucosa of the middle turbinate was taken. RESULTS: Anterior rhinoscopy revealed @entity1127 in 35 of 41 @entity1 . Thus @entity1412 was still active in 85% of @entity1 after 20 years. Mucosal changes in paranasal sinuses were found in every @entity1 . Anosmia or @entity9905 was found in 61% (25/41) of the @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had had 11 or more surgical operations during the 20-year period. Of these, 88% (7/8) belonged to the ASA group. @entity565 was found in all ASA intolerance @entity1 (11/11), and in 36% (4/11) of @entity566 and in 16% (3/19) of @entity566 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Because of the high recurrence tendency and insidious symptoms of @entity1412 , @entity1 will require followup for the rest of their lives.

title: XXXX : clinical course during 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic allergy-like disease', 'INTR', 'AT', 'atopic allergy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Nasal polyposis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of radical cystectomy in @entity1 with nonmuscle invasive @entity150 remains controversial. The risk of overtreatment must be balanced against the potential benefit of aggressive therapy. We reviewed our results in these @entity1 with a particular emphasis on clinical under staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 214 consecutive @entity1 who underwent radical cystectomy for @entity189 between April 1995 and August 1999, focusing on those with nonmuscle invasive, stages T1 or less disease. We assessed clinical and pathological data as well as outcomes based on pathological disease extent. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity1 (36%) underwent radical cystectomy for clinical stages T1 or less disease. Indications included disease refractory to intravesical therapy in 29 cases (37%), pathological findings reflective of high grade stage T1 or multifocal disease in 26 (33%), radiographic suspicion of invasive disease in 15 (20%) and severe symptoms in 8 (10%). @entity5 was clinically under staged with stages pT2 or greater disease in 31 @entity1 (40%) according to final pathology results. Under staging was most pronounced in the 10 @entity1 (67%) with suspicious radiography and in the 18 (64%) with @entity121 in the biopsy specimen. Of the 78 @entity1 with pathological stages pT1 disease or less 98% had no evidence of disease compared to 65% with stages pT2 or greater disease (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the intent to perform early cystectomy a significant percent of @entity1 harbored occult muscle invasive and/or metastatic disease. In clinical and pathological, superficial stages T1 or less cases disease-free survival was excellent. Due to these results, the selection of high risk superficial transitional cell @entity189 cases for continued bladder sparing treatment should include uninvolved muscle on biopsy and absent radiographic suspicion of invasion.

title: Clinical under staging of high risk nonmuscle invasive XXXX treated with radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['absent muscle']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: This study assessed clinical and angiographic efficacies of oral treatment with @entity229 at low-dose (LD) versus the previous @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) immunosuppressive dosage used after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) with bare metal stents in @entity1 with multivessel @entity453 . Forty-three @entity1 with multivessel disease successfully treated with multiple PCIs were matched to the previous @entity2101 IMPRESS-2/MVD study population. The 43 @entity1 were treated for 103 coronary stenoses and received 30-day oral @entity229 treatment (LD group 1 mg/kg for 5 days, 0.5 mg/kg for 10 days, 0.25 mg/kg for 15 days) and were compared retrospectively with the 43 @entity1 in the @entity2101 IMPRESS-2/MVD study with 116 treated @entity301 ( @entity2101 group 1 mg/kg for 10 days, 0.5 mg/kg for 20 days, 0.25 mg/kg for 15 days). The primary clinical end point was 12-month event-free survival rate (defined as freedom from death, @entity583 , and need for target vessel revascularization). The secondary end point was angiographic restenosis at 8 months assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. Event-free survival rates were 74% and 93% in the LD and @entity2101 groups, respectively (relative risk 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 17.8, p = 0.019). @entity256 was observed in 4 lesions (4%) in the @entity2101 group and in 20 lesions (22%) in the LD group (p <0.001). Mean late lumen loss was 0.61 +/- 0.35 mm, and the loss index was 31.3 +/- 21.6% in the @entity2101 group compared with 0.87 +/- 0.61 mm and 52.03 +/- 25.1% in the LD group (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, antirestenotic efficacy of oral treatment with @entity229 after conventional PCI is dose sensitive. A 50% dose decrease in oral @entity229 , as tested in this study, is less effective than the previously tested @entity2101 IMPRESS therapeutic scheme.

title: Comparison of efficacy and safety of lower-dose to higher-dose oral XXXX after percutaneous coronary interventions (the IMPRESS-LD study).

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: @entity19 zygotes do not activate apoptosis in response to DNA damage. We previously reported a unique form of inducible sperm DNA damage termed @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ). @entity1949 mirrors some aspects of somatic cell apoptosis in that the DNA degradation is mediated by reversible double strand breaks caused by @entity40792 ( @entity40792 ) followed by irreversible DNA degradation by a nuclease(s). Here, we created zygotes using spermatozoa induced to undergo @entity1949 ( @entity1949 zygotes) and tested how they responded to moderate and severe paternal DNA damage during the first cell cycle. We found that the TUNEL assay was not sensitive enough to identify the breaks caused by @entity1949 in zygotes in either case. However, paternal pronuclei in both groups stained positively for yH2AX, a marker for DNA damage, at 5 hrs after fertilization, just before DNA synthesis, while the maternal pronuclei were negative. We also found that both pronuclei in @entity1949 zygotes with moderate DNA damage replicated normally, but paternal pronuclei in the @entity1949 zygotes with severe DNA damage delayed the initiation of DNA replication by up to 12 hrs even though the maternal pronuclei had no discernable delay. Chromosomal analysis of both groups confirmed that the paternal DNA was degraded after S-phase while the maternal pronuclei formed normal chromosomes. The DNA replication delay caused a marked retardation in progression to the 2-cell stage, and a large portion of the embryos arrested at the G2/M border, suggesting that this is an important checkpoint in zygotic development. Those embryos that progressed through the G2/M border died at later stages and none developed to the blastocyst stage. Our data demonstrate that the zygote responds to sperm DNA damage through a non-apoptotic mechanism that acts by slowing paternal DNA replication and ultimately leads to arrest in embryonic development.

title: XXXX zygotes respond to severe sperm DNA damage by delaying paternal DNA replication and embryonic development.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['SCF', 'sperm chromatin fragmentation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic pedicle clamping is often required to reduce @entity190 and transfusion during liver resection. However, the question remains whether use of hepatic pedicle clamping promotes @entity5 growth. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mobilized from bone marrow in response to tissue @entity63 , which allows neovascularization of @entity63 tissue. It has been suggested that EPCs are involved in @entity5 progression. We hypothesized that @entity99 reperfusion (I/R)-induced mobilization of EPCs could enhance growth of @entity5 , therefore promoting @entity409 in a @entity19 model of @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used @entity19 models of @entity63 . For comparison, we studied @entity19 that underwent @entity63 as positive controls of EPC mobilization. At day 0, we divided 40 @entity19 into four groups: hepatic I/R, hind @entity63 , combined @entity63 , and control (sham midline incision laparotomy). At day 2, we induced @entity409 in all @entity19 by injecting CT-26 cells into the spleen. Time-dependent circulating EPCs were determined by flow cytometry. We evaluated @entity409 and microvascular density on day 21. RESULTS: The number of circulating progenitor cells increased rapidly in the @entity63 groups compared with the control group. Hepatic I/R significantly @entity5 outgrowth compared with the control group. Increased @entity5 growth was associated with enhanced @entity5231 -positive microvascular density in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic I/R leads to mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPCs and enhanced intra-hepatic angiogenesis, which is associated with @entity5 burden in an animal model of @entity14 .

title: @entity99 -reperfusion increases circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells and @entity5 growth in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['limb ischemia', 'hepatic I/R and hind limb ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'microscopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: When innovative, not yet fully proven therapies are introduced, physicians may have neither experience nor sufficient data in the medical literature to assist in their decision to discuss them with and/or recommend them to @entity1 . Little is known about how physicians deal with this uncertainty. Moreover, when multiple physicians caring for a single @entity1 have reached different conclusions regarding this new therapy, the potential for disagreement exists that could give rise to ethical issues as well as cause @entity911 to the @entity1 . To explore these topics, we investigated the attitudes of specialists to therapies for two life-threatening diseases: @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and @entity5277 . METHODS: A forced choice questionnaire was distributed to the heads of neonatology, pediatric cardiology, and pediatric gastroenterology training programs asking about their outcome impressions and treatment recommendations and about the local availability of treatments. In addition, responses from specialists from the same institution were linked in a confidential manner to evaluate the frequency of disagreement within the same institution. Responses were analyzed using chi(2) and Wilcoxon matched pair analysis as appropriate. RESULTS: The overall rate of response was 79%. In institutions that had both neonatology and pediatric gastroenterology training programs, there was a 59% response rate compared with a 73% response rate from institutions that had both neonatology and cardiology programs. Significant differences were noted among specialists as to who would be involved in discussions of therapeutic options with @entity1 in both @entity1699 and @entity5277 . Differences also were noted in the willingness of specialists to discuss and recommend therapies, in the perceived survival and quality of life by various specialists after transplant and palliative surgery, and in the local availability of various options. The neonatologists and gastroenterologists at the same institution disagreed on responses in 34% of the questions with only 1 of the 25 pairs in full agreement. In contrast, the neonatologists and pediatric cardiologists at the same institution disagreed in only 14% of the questions with 7 of the 28 pairs in full agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial disagreement among specialists about new interventions was found. There seem to be fewer differences among specialists when dealing with the more mature therapy, @entity1699 . Two major ethical issues arise. First, there seems to be no accepted professional standard to which individuals can appeal when determining whether to discuss or recommend new, not-yet-fully-proven technologies. Second, there is the potential for much @entity1 @entity911 when counseling physicians recommend different options. Colleagues as individuals and specialists as groups should talk to each other before individual discussions with families to ensure that there is a clear understanding of differing beliefs.

title: Managing disagreements in the management of short bowel and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity3 can cause @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity3557 . There is, however, limited information about the clinical presentations and prognoses of @entity1 with @entity3557 with bone @entity3 in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 39 @entity1 with @entity3557 with bone @entity3 treated at our center from 1977 through 1995 was retrospectively reviewed to elucidate the clinical presentations and results of treatment of this disease. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of bone @entity3 in @entity3557 was 4.3%. Of the 39 @entity1 , whose mean age was 57.5 years, 28 (71.8%) had follicular and 11 (28.2%) had @entity1377 . Thirty-two @entity1 (82.1%) were female and 7 (17.9%) were male. Twenty-nine @entity1 (74.4%) presented with bone @entity3 before the @entity259 were diagnosed. Bone @entity3 were detected using radiography in 33 @entity1 and using 131I scans in 28 @entity1 . Thirty-one @entity1 (79.5%) had multiple bone @entity3 . The spine was the most frequently involved site (53.8%). Three @entity1 were disease-free and 14 @entity1 died during the course of treatment. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 64.9%. CONCLUSION: Bone @entity3 , although rare in @entity1 with @entity1377 , was not very uncommon in @entity1 with @entity189 . Bone @entity3 occurred more often in older @entity1 . Multiple bone @entity3 were noted more often than single bone @entity3 . Most @entity1 had symptoms and signs resulting from metastatic @entity79 . Although multimodality therapy was tried, the prognoses for most @entity1 with bone @entity3 were poor.

title: @entity3557 with bone XXXX : a series of 39 cases during a period of 18 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary or follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: We report a right-handed @entity1 , who developed a @entity17787 after resection of @entity816 (grade III) in the right medial frontal lobe. On admission to the rehabilitation department, neurological examination revealed mild @entity1269 , @entity427 on the left side and grasp reflex on the left hand. Neuropsychologically she showed general inattention, @entity17787 , @entity1056 , @entity717 , and mild @entity1742 . No other @entity1742 , unilateral spatial neglect or extinction phenomena were observed. An MRI demonstrated resected areas in the right superior frontal gyrus, subcortical region in the right middle frontal gyrus, anterior part of the cingulate gyrus, a part of supplementary motor area. Surrounding area in the right frontal lobe showed diffuse signal change. She demonstrated non-fluent aprosodic speech with word finding difficulty. No phonemic paraphasia, or anarthria was observed. Auditory comprehension was fair with some difficulty in comprehending complex commands. Naming was good, but verbal fluency tests for a category or phonemic cuing was severely impaired. She could repeat words but not sentences. Reading comprehension was disturbed by semantic paralexia and writing words was poor for both Kana (syllabogram) and Kanji(logogram) characters. A significant feature of her speech was mitigated @entity12862 . In both free conversation and examination setting, she often repeated phrases spoken to her which she used to start her speech. In addition, she repeated words spoken to others which were totally irrelevant to her conversation. She was aware of her echoing, which always embarrassed her. She described her echolalic tendency as a great nuisance. However, once echoing being forbidden, she could not initiate her speech and made incorrect responses after long delay. Thus, her compulsive @entity12862 helped to start her speech. Only four @entity1 with crossed @entity2026 demonstrated @entity12862 in the literature. They showed severe @entity2026 with markedly decreased speech and severe comprehension deficit. A @entity1 with a similar lesion in the right medial frontal lobe had aspontaneity in general and language function per se could not be examined properly. Echolalia related to the medial frontal lesion in the language dominant hemisphere was described as a compulsive speech response, because some other 'echoing' phenomena or @entity146 were also observed in these @entity1 . On the other hand, some @entity1 with a large lesion in the right hemisphere tended to respond to stimuli directed to other @entity1 , so called 'response-to-next- @entity1 -stimulation'. This behavior was explained by disinhibited shift of attention or perseveration of the set. Both compulsive speech responses and 'response-to-next- @entity1 -stimulation' like phenomena may have contributed to the @entity12862 phenomena of the present case.

title: [A case of crossed XXXX with @entity12862 after the resection of tumor in the right medial frontal lobe].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17787 :: ('MESH:D057178', 'Disease') :: ['non-fluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['acalculia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['constructional disability']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia', 'buccofacial apraxia']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     To identify the clinical ocular signs of @entity1596 associated with @entity9178 . DESIGN:     Retrospective case-control study. @entity1 :     Consecutive @entity1 from Singapore National Eye Centre @entity1596 over 9 years. Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity1596 associated with @entity9178 were compared with 72 matched controls diagnosed with other known uveitides. METHODS:     @entity1 were categorized as: (A) predominantly @entity1347 (anterior uveitides) and (B) predominantly @entity32 (intermediate, posterior or pan-uveitides). The diagnostic performance of combining these clinical signs with investigations such as @entity379 release assay positivity and chest X-ray results suggestive of @entity1907 was done using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood of association with @entity378 of various clinical signs. RESULTS:     Extensive posterior synechiae and concomitant @entity3170 in Group A; low-grade anterior chamber activity, @entity2479 and severe vitritis in Group B were significantly associated with @entity9178 . Combining these clinical signs with a positive @entity379 release assay and tuberculin skin test improved the diagnostic performance in both groups (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for Group A   =   0.779; Group B   =   0.789). CONCLUSION:     @entity1 with a combination of suggestive clinical signs with positive @entity379 release assay and tuberculin skin test are more likely to be accurately diagnosed with @entity1596 associated with @entity9178 , which responds to anti- @entity378 therapy.

title: Clinical signs of XXXX associated with @entity9178 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['anterior scleritis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: latrogenic femoral @entity2849 is a well-known vascular access site complication. Many invasive and noninvasive techniques have been proposed for the management of this relatively common complication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate efficiency and safety of stethoscope-guided compression as a novel noninvasive technique in the femoral @entity2849 treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively included 29 consecutive @entity1 with the diagnosis of femoral @entity2849 who underwent coronary angiography. @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of femoral @entity2849 were referred to colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation. The adult (large) side of the stethoscope was used to determine the location where the bruit was best heard. Then compression with the paediatric (small) side of the stethoscope was applied until the bruit could no longer be heard and compression was maintained for at least two sessions. Once the bruit disappeared, a 12-hour bed rest with external elastic compression was advised to the @entity1 , in order to prevent disintegration of newly formed @entity715 . Mean @entity2849 size was 1.7 +/- 0.4 cmx 3.0 +/- 0.9 cm and the mean duration of compression was 36.2 +/- 8.5 minutes.Twenty-six (89.6%) of these 29 @entity1 were successfully treated with stethoscope-guided compression. In 18 @entity1 (62%), the pseuodoaneurysms were successfully closed after 2 sessions of 15-minute compression. No severe complication was observed. CONCLUSION: Stethoscope-guided compression of @entity2096 is a safe and effective novel technique which requires less equipment and expertise than other contemporary methods.

title: An alternative noninvasive technique for the treatment of iatrogenic XXXX : stethoscope-guided compression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: We aim to investigate the pathological background of @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The most recent 545 cases from the Brain Bank for Aging Research (BBAR) were studied, with a mean age of 80.7 years and male : female ratio of 324 : 221. Cases with clinical @entity303 rating scale (CDR) 0.5 were retrieved as the best substitute of @entity73 . CDR was retrospectively determined from clinical charts. Pathological examinations followed the BBAR protocol (JNEN 2004). Post mortem assessment of CDR was possible for 486 cases, and was 0 in 201 cases, 0.5 in 57 cases and 1-3 in 228 cases. CDR 0.5 group was clinicopathologically classified into 33 cases with degenerative changes, nine cases with vascular changes, four cases with combined degenerative and vascular changes, two with @entity131 , two with @entity130 , one with @entity209 and six with unremarkable changes. The degenerative group was further subclassified into groups with pure and combined pathology. The former consisted of six cases each with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), argyrophilic grain change (AGC) and neurofibrillary tangle predominant change (NFTC), three each with @entity191 (DLBC) or @entity191 (PDMCI) and one case with @entity7463 . The latter consisted of three cases with @entity195 plus AGC, two with AGC plus NFTC and one each with @entity195 plus DLBC, DLBC plus @entity746 and AGC plus DLBC. The pathological backgrounds of @entity1 of class CDR 0.5 were varied and not restricted to @entity195 .

title: Neuropathology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'Lewy body disease change without parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer change', 'AC']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: Type I interferons (IFN) ( @entity3027 /beta) are recognized as both inhibitors and effectors of @entity792 . In @entity15 , @entity2391 therapy appears beneficial, in part, due to its suppression of autoimmune inflammatory Th cell responses. In contrast, in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) triggering of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) by autoimmune complexes (autoICs) results in circulating type I IFN that appear to promote disease by driving autoantigen presentation and autoantibody production. To investigate how pDC-derived type I IFN might regulate Th cells in @entity1252 , we examined a model in which sustained pDC stimulation by autoICs is mimicked by pretreating normal @entity1 PBMC with @entity6801 agonist, CpG-A. Subsequently, PBMC Th cells are activated with superantigen, and @entity1412 are activated with @entity11603 . The role of CpG-A/ @entity6801 -induced type I IFN in regulating PBMC is determined by blocking with virus-derived soluble type I IFN receptor, B18R. In summary, pretreatment with either rhIFN-alpha/beta or CpG-A inhibits PBMC secretion of superantigen-induced @entity379 and @entity4155 , and @entity11603 -induced IL-12p70 and @entity4452 . B18R prevents these effects. Data indicate that CpG-A-induced type I IFN inhibit IL-12p70-dependent PBMC @entity379 secretion by enhancing @entity688 . Our results suggest that in @entity1252 , circulating type I IFN may potentially act to inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion.

title: Blockade of XXXX agonist-induced type I interferons promotes inflammatory cytokine @entity379 and @entity4155 secretion by activated @entity1 PBMC.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['TLRs', 'Toll-like receptors']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity6801 :: (54106,Gene) :: ['TLR9']