abstract: @entity5 screening in Malaysia is by opportunistic @entity975 smear which contributes to the low uptake rate. To overcome this, a pilot project called the SIPPS program (translated as information system of @entity975 smear program) had been introduced whereby @entity1 aged 20-65 years old are invited for @entity975 smear and receive recall to repeat the test. This study aimed at determining which recall method is most cost-effective in getting @entity1 to repeat @entity975 smear. A randomised control trial was conducted where one thousand @entity1 were recalled for repeat smear either by registered letter, phone messages, phone call or the usual postal letter. The total cost applied for cost-effectiveness analysis includes the cost of sending letter for first invitation, cost of the recall method and cost of two @entity975 smears. Cost-effective analysis (CEA) of @entity975 smear uptake by each recall method was then performed. The uptake of @entity975 smear by postal letter, registered letters, @entity87 and phone calls were 18.8%, 20.0%, 21.6% and 34.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The CER for the recall method was lowest by phone call compared to other interventions; RM 69.18 (SD RM 0.14) compared to RM 106.53 (SD RM 0.13), RM 134.02 (SD RM 0.15) and RM 136.38 (SD RM 0.11) for @entity87 , registered letter and letter, respectively. @entity10679 showed that it is most cost saving if the usual method of recall by postal letter be changed to recall by phone call. The possibility of letter as a recall for repeat @entity975 smear to reach the @entity1 is higher compared to sending @entity87 or making phone call. However, getting @entity1 to do repeat @entity975 smear is better with phone call which allows direct communication. Despite the high cost of the phone call as a recall method for repeat @entity975 smear, it is the most cost-effective method compared to others.

title: Cost effective analysis of recall methods for cervical XXXX screening in Selangor--results from a prospective randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that will forecast the 5-year mortality from @entity320 . DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, observational cohort study. @entity1 : One hundred fifty-three eyes of 153 consecutive @entity1 with @entity320 (age, 58.4+/-14.6 years) who were treated with @entity3739 106 brachytherapy between 1988 and 1998 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. METHODS: @entity1 were observed clinically and ultrasonographically (A- and B-mode standardized ultrasonography). Metastatic screening included liver function tests and liver imaging. Backpropagation ANNs composed of 3 or 4 layers of neurons with various types of transfer functions and training protocols were assessed for their ability to predict the 5-year mortality. The ANNs were trained on 77 randomly selected @entity1 and tested on a different set of 76 @entity1 . Artificial neural networks were compared based on their sensitivity, specificity, forecasting accuracy, area under the receiver operating curves, and likelihood ratios (LRs). The best ANN was compared with the results of logistic regression and the performance of an ocular oncologist. MAIN OUTCOME: The ability of the ANNs to forecast the 5-year mortality from @entity320 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 died during the follow-up period of metastatic @entity320 . The best ANN (one hidden layer of 16 neurons) had 84% forecasting accuracy and an LR of 31.5. The number of hidden neurons significantly influenced the ANNs' performance (P<0.001). The performance of the ANNs was not significantly influenced by the training protocol, the number of hidden layers, or the type of transfer function. In comparison, logistic regression reached 86% forecasting accuracy, with a very low LR (0.8), whereas the @entity1 expert forecasting ability was <70% (LR, 1.85). CONCLUSIONS: Artificial neural networks can be used for forecasting the prognosis of @entity320 and may support decision-making in treating this malignancy.

title: Forecasting the prognosis of XXXX with an artificial neural network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Perceived age may be a better predictor of mortality rate than chronological age. We have demonstrated that perceived age was a significant biomarker for @entity2998 in Japanese. However, it remains to be determined which skin parameter is associated with @entity731 . The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between 10 facial skin-aging parameters and @entity731 in 169 middle-aged to elderly Japanese @entity1 who participated. METHODS: Facial photographs were taken under a shadowless lamp from three directions using a high-resolution digital camera. The digital images of each subject were analyzed using computer software and various parameters of skin aging such as pigmentation, wrinkles, and skin color were quantified. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured as indices for @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity2118 showed a significant correlation with @entity1004 , even after correction for age (r = 0.13, P = 0.03), and with visceral fat area. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that facial pigmentation was associated with @entity1004 via visceral fat area. CONCLUSION: @entity2118 may be a useful biomarker for @entity2998 in Japanese @entity1 .

title: @entity2118 as a biomarker of XXXX in middle-aged to elderly healthy Japanese subjects.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Facial pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: The methodology for deriving class II force fields has been applied to acetal, hemiacetal, and @entity1735 compounds. A set of eighteen model compounds containing one or more anomeric centers was selected for generating the quantum mechanical energy surface, from which the force field was derived and the functional form assessed. The quality of the fit was tested by comparing the energy surface predicted by the force field with ab initio results. Structural, energetic, and dynamic properties (vibrational frequencies) were analyzed. In addition, alpha and beta anomeric equilibrium structures and energies of @entity64371 , @entity39531 , and @entity413 were computed at the HF/6-31G* and higher ab initio levels. These calculations provide test data from molecules outside the training set used to derive the force field. The quantum calculations were used to assess the ability of the class II force field and two quadratic diagonal (class I) force fields, CVFF, and Homans' extension of the AMBER force field, to account for the anomeric effects on the structural and energetic properties of @entity1735 systems. These class I force fields are unable to account for observed structural and energetic trends, exhibiting deviations as large as 5 kcal/mol in relative energies. The class II force field, on the other hand, is shown to reproduce anomeric structural as well as energetic differences. An energy component analysis of this force field shows that the anomeric differences are dominated by torsional energies, although coupling terms, especially angle/torsion, also make significant contributions (roughly 1 kcal/mol in @entity413 ). In addition, the force field accurately accounts for both anomeric and exo-anomeric energy differences in @entity64371 , and anomeric energy differences in @entity39531 and @entity413 .

title: Derivation of class II force fields. VI. XXXX compounds and anomeric effects.

entities_list: @entity64371 :: ('MESH:C505755', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxytetrahydropyran']

entities_list: @entity39531 :: ('MESH:D003855', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyribose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Isolation calls produced by dependent young are a fundamental form of communication. For species in which vocal signals remain important to adult communication, the function and social context of vocal behavior changes dramatically with the onset of @entity458 . The ontogenetic relationship between these distinct forms of acoustic communication is surprisingly under-studied. We conducted a detailed analysis of vocal development in sister species of Neotropical singing @entity19 , Scotinomys teguina and S. xerampelinus. Adult singing @entity19 are remarkable for their advertisement songs, rapidly articulated trills used in long-distance communication; the vocal behavior of pups was previously undescribed. We recorded 30 S. teguina and 15 S. xerampelinus pups daily, from birth to weaning; 23 S. teguina and 11 S. xerampelinus were recorded until @entity458 . Like other rodent species with poikilothermic young, singing @entity19 were highly vocal during the first weeks of life and stopped vocalizing before weaning. Production of first advertisement songs coincided with the onset of @entity458 after a silent period of    2 weeks. Species differences in vocal behavior emerged early in ontogeny and notes that comprise adult song were produced from birth. However, the organization and relative abundance of distinct note types was very different between pups and adults. Notably, the structure, note repetition rate, and intra-individual repeatability of pup vocalizations did not become more adult-like with age; the highly stereotyped structure of adult song appeared de novo in the first songs of young adults. We conclude that, while the basic elements of adult song are available from birth, distinct selection pressures during maternal dependency, dispersal, and territorial establishment favor major shifts in the structure and prevalence of acoustic signals. This study provides insight into how an evolutionarily conserved form of acoustic signaling provides the raw material for adult vocalizations that are highly species specific.

title: Vocal ontogeny in neotropical singing XXXX (scotinomys).

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual maturity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The interventional cardiologist chooses a specific stent type based on the risk-benefit profile for each case. In general, drug-eluting stents should be considered in all clinical conditions, except if there are concerns or contraindications for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy. The aim of this work was to describe the use of bare-metal vs. drug-eluting stents in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after an @entity1187 in Portuguese hospitals, according to @entity1 ' demographic and clinical characteristics and institutional characteristics. METHODS: Within the EURopean Hospital Benchmarking Processes (EURHOBOP) study, we retrospectively assessed 3009 consecutive @entity1 in 10 Portuguese hospitals in 2009. Only @entity1 with stents implanted during PCI (n=1194) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 425 @entity1 (36%) received a bare-metal stent and 769 @entity1 (64%) received a drug-eluting stent. A history of previous PCI, current non-ST-elevation @entity583 , anterior descending artery as the @entity1188 and being initially admitted to a hospital with a catheterization laboratory were associated with drug-eluting stent implantation. Age under 45 or over 80, @entity417 and previous anticoagulation and/or @entity955 were associated with bare-metal stent use. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of @entity1 received drug-eluting stents, which were less frequently implanted in @entity1 with ST-elevation @entity583 , aged over 80 years, female, with a previous history of @entity64 , anticoagulation and/or @entity955 and @entity417 . @entity1 who had previously undergone PCI and those with the anterior descending artery as the @entity1188 were more likely to receive a drug-eluting stent.

title: Use of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents after an XXXX in Portugal: the EURHOBOP study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the @entity260 of non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPTS) and @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ) in @entity1 with primary open @entity726 , and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of NPTS to prevent adverse events as well. METHODS: One hundred and forty seven consecutive cases (215 eyes) with primary open @entity726 from the @entity726 division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, were involved. One hundred and four eyes underwent NPTS; while 111 eyes underwent @entity3517 . Visual acuity, intraocular pressure and complications occurred while staying in the hospital, were recorded. Number of need to treat (NNT) was used to analyze the cost-effective for NPTS. RESULTS: (1) Visual acuity decrease over 2 lines occurred in 25 eyes (24.0%) in NPTS group and 26 eyes (23.4%) in @entity3517 group. The difference of visual changes between these two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) One day after the operation, @entity551 [IOP less or equal to 5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa)] occurred in 39 eyes in NPTS group (38.2%), and 10 eyes in @entity3517 group (9.2%). The difference was significant (P < 0.01). On the day of discharge, the incidence of @entity551 was 27.5% in NPTS group and 17.3% in @entity3517 group, respectively. The difference was still significant (P < 0.05). (3) @entity5891 was found in 20 eyes (19.2%) in NPTS group and ten eyes (9.0%) in @entity3517 group. In either group, a surgical procedure was needed in two eyes to evacuate the blood. (4) Two eyes of grade II degrees and five eyes of grade I degrees shallow chamber were found in NPTS group. Five eyes of grade II degrees and five eyes of grade I shallow chamber were found in @entity3517 group. The difference of incidence of shallow chamber between these two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (5) Other complications: In the NPTS group, trabeculo-descemetic membrane rupture occurred in one eye, pupil dilated to 7 mm observed in six eyes; in the @entity3517 group, acute elevated IOP occurred in one eye, peripheral anterior @entity5862 at inner incision occurred in one eye, @entity551 macular @entity4 occurred in one eye. (6) The absolute risk ratio (ARR) of NPTS for adverse event was 3.0%, (NNT = 33.2), it costs additional RMB yen 116, 100 for preventing one adverse event. For serious adverse event, ARR = 1.8% (NNT = 55.5), and it costs additional RMB yen 194, 000 to prevent one serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: Although the NPTS may reduce the incidence of serious adverse event in comparing with @entity3517 , the cost of NPTS is very high, therefore, it is not an optimal procedure in China. Ophthalmologists in the general hospital should familiar with the @entity3517 procedure to save the medical expenses.

title: [The @entity260 and cost-effectiveness analysis of non-penetrating trabecular surgery in @entity1 with primary open XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['modified trabeculectomy', 'MT']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['angle glaucoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the study of white matter microstructure in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to examine the DTI metrics of the cervical spinal cord and the brainstem up to the midbrain in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) compared to matched healthy controls. @entity1 : DTI analysis of the cervical spinal cord and the brainstem up into the midbrain was performed in 25 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity4531 and 25 matched healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: Data analysis in the brain was performed by voxelwise comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA) maps at group level. Cervical spinal cord data analysis was performed by slicewise analysis of averaged FA values in axial slices along the spinal cord. RESULTS: Voxelwise comparison of FA maps in the brainstem showed significant microstructural alterations in two clusters in the midbrain bilaterally. Slicewise comparison of the FA maps in the cervical spinal cord showed a trend for lower FA values at the level of the second and third vertebra area in the @entity1 sample. CONCLUSIONS: The imaging data suggest that significant alterations in the midbrain in @entity4531 can be visualized by DTI and might correlate to a macroscopically subtle process with changes of the tissue microstructure in the corresponding tracts. An additional area of interest is regionally clustered in the upper cervical spinal cord with a tendency toward altered diffusion metrics. These results might be addressed by further studies, e.g., at higher magnetic field strengths.

title: Microstructure of the Midbrain and Cervical Spinal Cord in Idiopathic XXXX : A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs', 'RLS']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['Restless Legs Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ) is a rare and highly aggressive @entity5 with a predilection to spread along the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. To the authors' knowledge, the cytopathologic characteristics of this @entity5 have not been extensively studied in CSF. Herein the authors report CSF cytomorphology from a series of @entity1 with histologically documented @entity5606 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 40 malignant CSF specimens from 10 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity5606 was conducted. All the @entity1 were female and ranged in age from 0.8 to 19.6 years at the time of the initial diagnosis (median age, 1.3 years). Cytospin preparations were reviewed. In the majority of cases, at least 2 slides were prepared with the Wright-Giemsa and/or Papanicolaou stains. RESULTS: The CSF samples were predominantly moderately to highly cellular (80%). The 3 most common features were eccentrically placed nuclei (72.5%), prominent nucleoli (70%), and large @entity5 cells (67.5%). Two principal malignant cell types were noted; the most striking and recognizable form was a large, usually rhabdoid cell with an eccentrically placed nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm, which was observed in 47.5% of the cases. The second type had a small cell appearance and was noted in 57.5% of the cases. Both large rhabdoid and small malignant cells were reported in 25% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of CSF @entity5606 cases consist of only the small cell component, without the characteristic large rhabdoid cells. Familiarity with this pattern of spread is imperative in differentiating @entity5606 from other small cell malignancies such as @entity2946 , because the clinical behavior and therapeutic regimens differ. @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Cytologic characterization of atypical XXXX in cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial malignancy', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor', 'AT/RT']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['teratoid/rhabdoid tumor']


abstract: Objective. To determine the long-term relief of @entity508 and complication rates in @entity1 who underwent placement of a programmable intrathecal baclofen pump for treatment of medically intractable @entity508 of spine or brain etiology. Methods. Sixty-two consecutive adult @entity1 who underwent placement of a programmable pump were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Spasticity was clinically and statistically significantly decreased in all @entity1 . Catheter-related kinks, breaks, dislodgments, and disconnections were the most common complications followed by drug-related effects, @entity281 , and wound complications. Conclusions. Intrathecal @entity1772 is a very effective strategy for the relief of medically intractable @entity508 of spine or brain etiology. Even though 36% of @entity1 have required revisions, no @entity1 has experienced any long-term morbidity. @entity1 and their primary care givers have been pleased with the long-term effects of this therapy upon quality of life.

title: Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of intractable XXXX of spine or brain etiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) to control @entity548 in @entity130 @entity1 with profound @entity1003 . rFVIIa forms a complex with tissue factor exposed at sites of tissue damage and induces activation of coagulation limited to the site of injury. It is approved for use in @entity447 @entity1 , however, its use in @entity130 is still controversial due to the theoretical risk of @entity1031 complications. CLINICAL FEATURES: Nineteen critically ill, multi-transfused patents with @entity130 (ten blunt and nine penetrating), aged 25 + 17 yr,were treated with rFVIIa after all conventional hemostatic measures had failed. After one to three doses of rFVIIa, @entity548 ceased within minutes in 15/19 (78.9%) @entity1 . The total dose of rFVIIa required to control bleeding was 195 +/- 112.7 microg x kg(-1). Shortening of prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time was observed within 15-30 min from 22.7 +/- 7.9 to 10.4 +/- 2.6 sec and 71 +/- 38.9 to 42.2 +/- 24 sec respectively, (P < 0.05). Transfusion requirements decreased from 30 +/- 18.3 units used within 5.6 +/- 3.4 hr of admission to 2.8 +/- 2.5 within the following 24 hr (P < 0.05). One @entity1 developed clinical deep vein @entity715 . No systemic activation of coagulation was observed clinically. Thirteen @entity1 (68.4%) survived and recovered. Four patents did not respond to rFVIIa treatment and exsanguinated within 24 hr. Two @entity1 died after one week, one from sepsis and one from @entity881 . CONCLUSIONS: rFVIIa is a promising adjunctive hemostatic treatment for @entity130 @entity1 suffering from @entity548 . Controlled trials are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this drug.

title: Possible role of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the control of @entity548 associated with massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging', 'hemorrhage', 'massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We report prolonged unilateral vasodilatation and hemispheric @entity2657 in a 49-year-old @entity1 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ). The @entity1 presented with a @entity410 caused by a hypertensive @entity548 in the left parietal lobe. Serial computed tomography (CT) scans showed progressive darkening of the ipsilateral hemisphere, suggesting hemispheric @entity385 , but the @entity1 did not show clinical signs of deterioration. Brain magnetic resonance angiography showed dilation of the large arteries of the left hemisphere. Evaluation of cerebral blood flow 7 days postictus with single photon emission CT revealed marked @entity717 . The darkening of the hemisphere was @entity2657 elicited by hyperperfusion. @entity2657 was reversible, disappearing 14 days postictus. @entity2657 was caused by unilateral cerebral vasodilatation and resultant hyperperfusion. Although @entity2657 is a major complication in @entity879 @entity1 and cerebral hyperperfusion is responsible for @entity4 formation, CT findings of these @entity1 almost invariably show a bilateral lesion. Unilateral vasodilatation and subsequent hemispheric hyperperfusion may be due to overproduction of vasodilators, already abundant in the brains of @entity1 with severe @entity1578 , by @entity410 activity.

title: Prolonged unilateral vasodilatation and @entity2657 in XXXX , associated with symptomatic @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Hemispheric brain edema', 'Brain edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hyperperfusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity75 are subtle or absent in most @entity1 with mild @entity131 (mTBI) and the standard clinical criteria are not reliable for predicting long-term outcome. This study investigates resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to assess semiacute alterations in brain connectivity and its relationship with outcome measures assessed 6 months after injury. Seventy-five mTBI @entity1 were recruited as part of the prospective multicenter Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) pilot study and compared with matched 47 healthy subjects. @entity1 were classified following radiological criteria: CT/MRI positive, evidence of lesions; CT/MRI negative, without evidence of @entity75 . rsfMRI data were acquired and then processed using probabilistic independent component analysis. We compared the functional connectivity of the resting-state networks (RSNs) between @entity1 and controls, as well as group differences in the interactions between RSNs, and related both to cognitive and behavioral performance at 6 months post-injury. Alterations were found in the spatial maps of the RSNs between mTBI @entity1 and healthy controls in networks involved in behavioral and cognition processes. These alterations were predictive of mTBI @entity1 ' outcomes at 6 months post-injury. Moreover, different patterns of reduced network interactions were found between the CT/MRI positive and CT/MRI negative @entity1 and the control group. These rsfMRI results demonstrate that even mTBI @entity1 not showing @entity75 on conventional CT/MRI scans can have alterations of functional connectivity at the semiacute stage that help explain their outcomes. These results suggest rsfMRI as a sensitive biomarker both for early diagnosis and for prediction of the cognitive and behavioral performance of these @entity1 .

title: Resting-State Functional Connectivity Alterations Associated with Six-Month Outcomes in Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of @entity1082 )-related @entity213 ( @entity213 ) highlights the need for simple and effective tools to evaluate @entity135 and their HPV status. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the association between abnormal cytology and @entity1083 , assessed on cytobrushing samples, and histologically confirmed @entity213 . Second, the authors attempted to investigate whether HPV status on cytobrushing samples reflected that of the tumoral tissue. METHODS: A total of 164 samples from @entity213 , nonmalignant lesions, or healthy mucosae of the oral cavity and oropharynx were collected by cytobrushing in PreservCyt solution and evaluated by liquid-based cytology and Linear Array HPV genotyping test. All the findings from the cytologic samples were compared with those from the corresponding histologic samples. RESULTS: @entity1 with abnormal cytology had a significantly higher risk of having an @entity213 (odds ratio [ @entity5 ], 9.18; 95% confidence inteval [95% CI], 3.27-26.49). The association was stronger for @entity5 ( @entity5 , 10.86; 95% CI, 2.51-51.06) than @entity5 ( @entity5 , 8.45; 95% CI, 1.62-49.82). HPV positivity in the oropharyngeal cytobrushing was associated with a nearly 5-fold higher risk @entity854 ( @entity5 , 4.57; 95% CI, 1.57-13.57) as well as histologically proven @entity5 ( @entity5 , 5.09; 95% CI, 1.09-31.61). Comparing the HPV status on cytologic and corresponding histologic samples from @entity1 with @entity213 , we found that 90.4% of the cases were concordant (kappa, 0.796). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal brushing cytology is strongly associated with a diagnosis of @entity213 , whereas HPV positivity on cytobrushing samples is only associated with @entity5 . HPV testing on cytobrushing samples represents a valid option for the assessment of @entity1083 in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity5 2014;120:3477-3484.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Cytology and @entity1082 testing on cytobrushing samples from XXXX with @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck lesions']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['OR', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'oral cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['of having abnormal cytology']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different mouthwashes on the incidence of @entity205 -A-induced @entity8032 . STUDY DESIGN: One hundred albino @entity35 were divided into five equal groups. Group I @entity35 received no treatment. Group II @entity35 were administered @entity205 -A. Group III, IV, and V @entity35 were handled as group II and concomitantly treated with @entity5164 , @entity4410 , and essential oil mouthwashes, respectively. Ten @entity35 from each group were euthanized after the first week of treatment, and the remaining @entity35 were euthanized after the second week of treatment. The obtained specimens were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , Masson's trichrome, and @entity5 growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ), @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ), and @entity568 ( @entity568 ) immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS: The histologic findings at the end of the first and second weeks revealed marked @entity8032 for groups II and IV in comparison with groups III and V. Increased epithelial thickness and collagen accumulation were prominent in groups II and IV compared with the other groups. Groups II and IV revealed the highest immunoreactivities for @entity1810 and for @entity568 . Groups I, III, and V revealed the highest level of @entity17533 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Essential oils and @entity5164 mouthwashes significantly reduced the incidence of @entity8032 compared with @entity4410 .

title: Impact of three different mouthwashes on the incidence of  XXXX induced by @entity205 -A: a  randomized controlled experimental animal study.

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth', 'increases in gingival overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity8032 :: (MESH:D019214,Disease) :: ['gingival overgrowth']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The thyroid gland is a good organ for the study of genetic alterations in @entity5 development and progress. The study of oncogenes and antigens of cellular proliferation is of interest. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 cases of @entity259 , 58 @entity1377 , 32 @entity189 , 2 @entity189 and 12 @entity189 were selected. Clinical and histological prognostic factors were studied and an immunohistochemical study with Ki-67 ( @entity1758 ), @entity876 , @entity588 and @entity8498 antibodies was performed. RESULTS: The proliferative rate Ki-67 ( @entity1758 ) showed statistical differences in @entity2513 . The @entity876 protein did not appear in @entity652 , but was shown in those @entity189 with bigger histological dedifferentiation. A relationship was also established with greater age, larger size and progression of the @entity5 . The @entity588 protein was high in the normal thyroid, in the @entity652 and in the @entity189 , decreasing in correlation with histological dedifferentiation, and totally disappearing in the @entity189 . In @entity189 its disappearance was correlated with mortality. The intense expression of the @entity8498 protein in @entity1377 is statistically correlated with advanced clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the proliferative rate between @entity2513 can be of help in differential diagnosis. The @entity876 manifestation and the loss of the @entity588 expression are correlated with the histological redifferentiation process. An intense manifestation of @entity8498 in @entity1377 is correlated with @entity5 progression.

title: [Value of the expression of @entity8498 , XXXX , @entity588 oncoproteins and Ki-67( @entity1758 ) antigen of cellular proliferation in the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroi].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumoural']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas and follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid adenomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['P53']


abstract: The classification of @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) can pose diagnostic problems due to inter-observer variability and other limitations of histopathology. There is an interest in developing classificatory models of @entity2 based on the analysis of multivariate molecular data with statistical methods and/or @entity1274 . DNA methylation levels at 20 loci were measured in 41 @entity151 and 46 @entity1149 cell lines with the quantitative real-time PCR method MethyLight. The data were analyzed with artificial @entity1274 (ANN) and @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) to classify the cell lines into @entity151 or into @entity1149 . Models used either data from all 20 loci, or from five significant DNA methylation loci that were selected by a step-wise back-propagation procedure ( @entity3840 , @entity10132 , @entity9769 , @entity1782 , and @entity986 ). The data were sorted randomly by cell line into 10 different data sets, each with training and testing subsets composed of 71 and 16 of the cases, respectively. Ten ANN models were trained using the 10 data sets: five using 20 variables, and five using the five variables selected by step-wise back-propagation. The ANN models with 20 input variables correctly classified 100% of the cell lines, while the models with only five variables correctly classified 87 to 100% of cases. For comparison, 10 different @entity1650 models were trained and tested using the same data sets with either the original data or with logarithmically transformed data. Again, half of the models used all 20 variables while the others used only the five significant variables. @entity1650 models provided correct classifications in 62.5% to 87.5% of cases. The classifications provided by all of the different models were compared with kappa statistics, yielding kappa values ranging from 0.25 to 1.0. We conclude that ANN models based on DNA methylation profiles can objectively classify @entity151 and @entity1149 cells lines with substantial to perfect concordance, while @entity1650 models based on DNA methylation profiles provide poor to substantial concordance. Our work supports the promise of ANN analysis of DNA methylation data as a powerful approach for the development of automated methods for lung cancer classification.

title: Classification of @entity2 cell lines based on DNA methylation markers: use of XXXX and artificial @entity1274 .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['LDA', 'linear discriminant analysis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1650 :: (MESH:D001308,Disease) :: ['linear discriminant analysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disease-specific measures of the impact of @entity8480 ( @entity8480 ) joint @entity158 on back/pelvis function are not available. The @entity717 Index (ODI) is a validated functional measure for @entity615 , but its responsiveness to @entity8480 joint treatment has yet to be established. We sought to assess the validity of ODI to capture disability caused by @entity158 and the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) after @entity8480 joint treatment. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  155) participating in a prospective clinical trial of minimally invasive @entity2720 underwent baseline and follow-up assessments using ODI, visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 assessment, Short Form 36 (SF-36), EuroQoL-5D, and questions (at follow-up only) regarding satisfaction with the @entity2720 and whether the @entity1 would have the fusion surgery again. All outcomes were compared from baseline to 12  months postsurgery. The health transition item of the SF-36 and the satisfaction scale were used as external anchors to calculate @entity922 . @entity922 was estimated for ODI using four calculation methods: (1) minimum detectable change, (2) average ODI change of @entity1 ' subsets, (3) change difference between @entity1 ' subsets, and (4) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: After @entity8480 fusion, @entity1 improved significantly (p  <  .0001) on all measures: @entity158 (48.8 points), ODI (23.8 points), EQ-5D (0.29 points), EQ-5D VAS (11.7 points), PCS (8.9 points), and @entity8848 (9.2 points). The improvement in ODI was significantly correlated (p  <  .0001) with @entity158 improvement (r  =  .48) and with the two external anchors: SF-36 health transition item (r  =  .49) and satisfaction level (r  =  .34). The @entity922 values calculated for ODI using the various methods ranged from 3.5 to 19.5 points. The ODI minimum detectable change was 15.5 with the health transition item as the anchor and 13.5 with the satisfaction scale as the anchor. CONCLUSIONS: ODI is a valid measure of change in @entity8480 joint health. Hence, researchers and clinicians may rely on ODI scores to measure disability caused by @entity158 . We estimated the @entity922 for ODI to be 13-15 points, which falls within the range of that previously reported for @entity615 and indicates that an improvement in disability should be at least 15  % to be beyond random variation.

title: Is the @entity717 Index a valid measure of response to XXXX joint treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8480 :: ('MESH:C563037', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'sacroiliac']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain', 'lumbar back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'SI pain', 'SI joint pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['SI joint fusion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity8480 :: (MESH:C563037,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The complexity of providing medical care in a high-tech environment with a highly specialized, limited labour force makes hospitals more crisis-prone than other industries. An effective defence against crises is only possible if the organizational resilience and the capacity to handle crises become part of the hospitals' organizational culture. To become more resilient to crises, a raised awareness--especially in the area of @entity1 resource (HR)--is necessary. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the process robustness against crises through the identification and evaluation of relevant HR crises and their causations in hospitals. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to identify and evaluate crises in hospitals in the HR sector. A structured workshop with experts was conducted to identify HR crises and their descriptions, as well as causes and consequences for @entity1 and hospitals. To evaluate the findings, an online survey was carried out to rate the occurrence (past, future) and dangerousness of each crisis. RESULTS: Six HR crises were identified in this study: staff shortages, @entity697 following a pandemic, damage to reputation, insufficient communication during restructuring, bullying, and misuse of drugs. The highest occurrence probability in the future was seen in staff shortages, followed by @entity697 following a pandemic. Staff shortages, damage to reputation, and @entity697 following a pandemic were seen as the most dangerous crises. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that coping with HR crises in hospitals is existential for hospitals and requires increased awareness. The six HR crises identified occurred regularly in German hospitals in the past, and their occurrence probability for the future was rated as high.

title: XXXX resource crises in German hospitals--an explorative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute loss of personnel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The focal adhesion kinases, @entity2305 and @entity1521 -rich kinase 2 ( @entity46363 ), are involved in numerous processes as adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and growth. These kinases have 45% homology and share three @entity669 phosphorylation (TyrP) sites. Little information exists on the ability of stimulants to cause TyrP of each kinase site and the cellular mechanism involved. We explored the ability of the neurotransmitter/hormone, @entity6140 , to stimulate TyrP at each site. In @entity35 pancreatic acini, @entity6140 stimulated TyrP at each site in both kinases. TyrP was rapid except for p @entity63957 . The magnitude of TyrP differed with the different @entity2305 and @entity46363 sites. The @entity6140 dose-response curve for TyrP for sites in each kinase was similar. @entity6140 -JMV, an agonist of the high affinity receptor state and antagonist of the low affinity receptor state, was less efficacious than @entity6140 at each @entity2305 / @entity46363 site and inhibited @entity6140 maximal stimulation. @entity2426 decreased @entity6140 -stimulated TyrP of pY402PYK2 and pY925FAK but not the other sites. @entity11009 reduced TyrP of only the @entity46363 sites, pY402 and pY580. @entity11009 with @entity2426 decreased TyrP of pY402PYK2 and the three @entity2305 sites more than either inhibitor alone. Basal TyrP of pY397FAK was greater than other sites. These results demonstrate that @entity6140 stimulates @entity669 phosphorylation of each of the three homologous phosphorylation sites in @entity2305 and @entity46363 . However, @entity6140 -stimulated TyrP at these sites differs in kinetics, magnitude, and participation of the high/low affinity receptor states and by protein kinase C and [ @entity141 ]i. These results show that phosphorylation of these different sites is differentially regulated and involves different intracellular mechanisms in the same cell.

title: Phosphospecific site @entity669 phosphorylation of XXXX and @entity1521 -rich kinase 2 is differentially regulated by cholecystokinin receptor type A activation in pancreatic acini.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity63957 :: ('p|SUB|Y|397|FAK', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y397FAK']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2305 :: (25614(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p125FAK']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory @entity272 . Objective. This experiment aimed to study the effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil (FFSO) on symptoms such as redness, @entity484 , and @entity111 induced by @entity483 . Materials and Methods. @entity483 -induced NC/Nga @entity19 were used to observe the immunological and therapeutic effects of FFSO on skin in vivo. Raw 264.7 cells were used to investigate the effects of FFSO in cells. @entity6433 expression and concentration of @entity18100 were measured. @entity842 assay, Western blotting, real-time PCR, image analysis, and statistical analysis were performed in vitro. Results. In the immunohistochemical results, p- @entity8837 expression decreased, fibrogenesis strongly increased, and distribution reduction is observed. Distribution of @entity58 -positive cells in the corium near the basal portion of the epithelium in the AT group was reduced. FFSO treatment reduced the number of cells showing NF-kB p65 and iNOS expression. The level of @entity23710 in the AT group was higher than that in the AE group, and elevation of PKC expression was significantly reduced by FFSO treatment. Conclusion. FFSO could alleviate symptoms of @entity483 such as @entity16 , redness, @entity4 , and @entity111 .

title: Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil on NC/Nga @entity19 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 who was studied because an abdominal mass at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INNSZ) is reported. The history revealed only malaise and mild @entity490 . At physical exploration, an abdominal mass in the upper right quadrant was found. Liver function tests were normal. Abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography revealed a large cystic mass of the right hepatic lobe. She underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative frozen sections of the biopsies demonstrated undifferentiated @entity409 , and an extended right trisegmentectomy was performed. Postoperative outcome was uneventful. Adjuvant treatment with @entity632 and @entity2699 was given, and at six months of follow-up, the @entity1 is alive without any evidence of recurrence. Clinical and histopathologic features of this rare @entity5 are discussed, as well as the therapeutic choices.

title: [ XXXX . Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver']


abstract: In 17 towns in 11 countries across Europe, 10 questions on health were asked as part of a general standardized interview regarding self-perceived global and relative health, quality of life, @entity102 , use of medicine and specific ailments. 2544 @entity1 and @entity1 born between 1913 and 1918 participated in the survey. No age-related health differences were found within this 5-year age group. Self-perceived global health was better in @entity1 than in @entity1 , and more @entity1 than @entity1 judged their health to be better than that of other @entity1 of their age. The gender difference in prevalence of @entity102 and use of medicine was less pronounced. Most @entity1 judged their health to be good (20-82%) despite a high prevalence of @entity102 (59-92%) and symptoms from different organ systems (leg problems: 16-60%). There were large variations in all measures of health between towns, even between towns within the same country. The trend was in the direction of better health in northern industrial towns than in southern rural towns. The differences were still significant after correction for differences in non-participation rate. The findings are consistent with findings in other health surveys. The findings about self-rated health, @entity102 and specific ailments will be used in further cross-sectional analyses of the role of differences in diet habits and nutrition for health in Europeans, controlled for living conditions and life-style.

title: Assessment of health: self-perceived health, XXXX , use of medicine. Euronut SENECA investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognostic value of lymph node yield (LNY) in @entity213 ( @entity213 ) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore whether LNY influences locoregional recurrence risk and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity213 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records of 1,546 eligible @entity1 with @entity213 who were treated at Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 1989 to October 2012. The predictor variable was LNY. The main outcome assessment parameters were 2-year neck recurrence rate (NRR) and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The mean and median LNY per neck dissection were 25.1 and 23.0, respectively. There was no significant association between LNY quartile and 2-year NRR in the pN0 (P  = .397) or pN(+) (P  = .335) group. Univariate analysis of the pN0 group showed no significant association between LNY and 5-year DSS (P  =  .676). The analysis of @entity1 with pN(+) who underwent only selective neck dissection showed a significantly higher prognostic risk with an increased LNY (LNY <19 vs >= 34, 79.2% vs 59.4%; P  =  .014). Interestingly, in the comprehensive neck dissection subgroup, there was an obvious tendency for @entity1 with a high LNY to have a better 5-year DSS than those with a low LNY (LNY <19 vs >= 34, 55.6% vs 76.4%; P  = .021). Multivariate analysis showed that LNY was not an independent predictive factor for 2-year NRR or 5-year DSS. CONCLUSIONS: LNY is statistically associated with the risk of lymph node @entity3 , but does not predict neck recurrence. The exact prognostic value of LNY for @entity1 with pN(+) remains unknown, and further study is needed to validate the present findings.

title: Nodal Yield: Is it a Prognostic Factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process that leads to the formation of new blood vessels sprouting from pre-existing microvasculature and occurs in limited physiological conditions or under pathological situations such as @entity989 , @entity625 , @entity46 and @entity5 . Blockade of angiogenesis is an attractive approach for the treatment of such diseases. Particularly in @entity5 , antiangiogenic therapy should be less toxic in comparison with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, as angiogenesis is a process relatively restricted to the growing @entity5 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is one of the most important inducers of angiogenesis and exerts its cellular effects mainly by interacting with two high-affinity transmembrane @entity669 kinase receptors: @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) and @entity319 ( @entity319 / @entity319 ). It has been proven that inhibition of @entity7 receptor activity reduces angiogenesis. For these reasons, the inhibition of @entity7 or its receptor signalling system is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The most studied and developed inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that neutralize @entity7 , ribozymes, and small molecule @entity319 kinase inhibitors. Many important reviews dealing with @entity7 -induced angiogenesis and its inhibition through the block of @entity7 receptors have been reported, especially from a biological point of view. Here, we will review small synthetic @entity319 inhibitors that have appeared in literature in the last few years, focusing our attention on their medicinal chemistry in terms of chemical structure, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. In fact, there have been an increased number of @entity669 kinase inhibitors in the most recent literature reports; their biological profile is extremely interesting and could be of great importance to medicinal chemists working in this area in improving their efficacy.

title: Antiangiogenic agents: an update on small molecule XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathies']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VEGFR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing disease is a @entity262 , characterized by mass forming inflammatory lesions which respond well to @entity134 therapy. Pancreas is the most common site of involvement, and other organ involvements are also common. However, there are only a few reports about central nervous system involvement. We report a case of @entity2015 which involves spinal cord causing @entity451 . A middle-aged female presented with @entity425 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft tissue mass which was diffusely compressing spinal cord along the C7 to T5 levels. Intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy and emergent operation was performed. The immunopathologic findings revealed IgG4-related sclerosing @entity693 postoperatively. There was no evidence of other organ involvement. Her neurologic deficit remained unchanged after two months of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.

title: @entity451 in a Patient With XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['sudden lower limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['IgG4-related sclerosing disease']

answer: @entity2015 :: (MESH:D004406,Disease) :: ['IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholera is a major public-health problem, with @entity1 most affected. However, effective single-dose antimicrobial regimens have been identified only for adults. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of @entity4580 and @entity2929 regimens in the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: We did a double-blind, randomised study of 128 severely dehydrated @entity1 (age 1-15 years) with @entity3081 , treated at one of two treatment centres in Bangladesh in 1999. @entity1 were assigned single-dose @entity4580 (20 mg/kg bodyweight, maximum individual dose 1 g; n=65) or 12.5 mg/kg @entity2929 (maximum dose 500 mg; n=63) every 6 h for 3 days. @entity1 stayed in hospital for 5 days. We measured fluid balance every 6 h, and obtained a rectal swab or stool sample for culture daily. Our primary outcome measures were clinical success of treatment-ie, cessation of watery @entity294 within 48 h-and bacteriological success-ie, absence of @entity1838 O1 or O139 from cultures of stool or rectal swab samples after study day 2. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS: Two @entity1 in both groups withdrew from the study, and we excluded one @entity1 in the @entity2929 group. Treatment was clinically successful in 48 (76%) @entity1 who received @entity4580 and 39 (65%) who received @entity2929 (difference 11%, 95% CI -5 to 27, p=0.244); and bacteriologically successful in 45 (71%) and 49 (82%) @entity1 , respectively (10%, -5 to 25, p=0.261). @entity1 treated with @entity4580 had a shorter duration of @entity294 (median 24 h vs 42 h; difference 12 h, 0-18 h, p=0.019) and fewer @entity391 (1 vs 4; difference 1 episode, 0-3 episodes, p=0.023). INTERPRETATION: Single-dose @entity4580 is as effective for treatment of @entity3081 in @entity1 as standard @entity2929 therapy, but is associated with less @entity391 .

title: Comparison of single-dose @entity4580 and 12-dose, 3-day @entity2929 for childhood XXXX : a randomised, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'episodes of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: A highly selective and efficient @entity5 therapy can be achieved using magnetically directed superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles (SPIONs) bearing a sufficient amount of the therapeutic agent. In this project, SPIONs with a dextran and @entity900 -bearing @entity4023 coating were successfully synthesized as a novel @entity900 drug delivery system. Transmission electron microscopy images as well as X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the individual @entity3703 particles were around 4.5 nm in size and monocrystalline. The small crystallite sizes led to the superparamagnetic behavior of the particles, which was exemplified in their magnetization curves, acquired using superconducting quantum interference device measurements. @entity4023 was bound to the initially dextran-coated SPIONs by esterification. The resulting @entity6346 bond linkage was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The additional polymer layer increased the vehicle size from 22 nm to 56 nm, with a @entity4023 to dextran to @entity3703 weight ratio of 51:29:20. A maximum payload of 330  g @entity900 /mL nanoparticle suspension was achieved, thus the particle size was further increased to around 77 nm with a zeta potential of -45 mV. No signs of particle precipitation were observed over a period of at least 8 weeks. Analysis of drug-release kinetics using the dialysis tube method revealed that these were driven by inverse ligand substitution and diffusion through the polymer shell as well as enzymatic degradation of @entity4023 . The biological activity of the particles was investigated in a nonadherent Jurkat cell line using flow cytometry. Further, cell viability and proliferation was examined in an adherent PC-3 cell line using xCELLigence analysis. Both tests demonstrated that particles without @entity900 were biocompatible with these cells, whereas particles with the drug induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with secondary @entity39 after prolonged incubation. In conclusion, combination of dextran-coated SPIONs with @entity4023 and @entity900 represents a promising approach for magnetic drug targeting in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Development and characterization of magnetic XXXX nanoparticles with a @entity900 -bearing polymer coating for targeted drug delivery.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['magnetite']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'Hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: The maintenance of immune tolerance to apoptotic cells (AC) within an inflammatory milieu is vital to prevent @entity792 . To investigate this, we administered syngeneic AC i.v. into @entity19 carrying a cohort of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific transgenic T cells (DO11.10) along with OVA peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant, observing a dramatic increase in OVA-specific @entity1618 secretion. Activated splenic B cells responded directly to AC, increasing secretion of @entity1618 , and this programming by AC was key to inducing T cell-derived @entity1618 . We went on to ask whether AC are able to modulate the course of autoimmune-mediated, chronic @entity32 . AC given up to 1 month before the clinical onset of collagen-induced @entity625 protected @entity19 from @entity32 and @entity79 . Antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells again secreted significantly more @entity1618 , associated with a reduced titer of pathogenic anti-collagen II antibodies. Inhibition of @entity1618 in vivo reversed the beneficial effects of AC. Passive transfer of B cells from AC-treated @entity19 provided significant protection from @entity625 . These data demonstrate that AC exert a profound influence on an adaptive immune response through the generation of @entity6440 (+) regulatory B cells, which in turn are able to influence the cytokine profile of antigen-specific effector T cells.

title: Apoptotic cells protect XXXX from @entity32 by the induction of regulatory B cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['severe joint inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chemotherapy provides dismal results in advanced @entity788 @entity1 , even when new compounds, such as @entity136 , are used. Phase I studies of single-drug therapy with @entity1205 or @entity2600 suggested a response rate of about 15% in these @entity1 . We report here a phase II study of @entity1205 - @entity2600 combination in advanced @entity788 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: @entity1205 60 mg/m2 was given in combination with @entity2600 250 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. @entity617 premedication and anti-HT3 drugs were systematically administered. Hematopoietic growth factors were given in case of @entity1398 or grade 4 @entity1398 at the previous cycle. Endpoints were response rate, progression-free survival, and tolerance. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 25 had @entity3 . We observed 3 partial responses and 11 stabilizations. The median progression-free survival was 4.3 months. Myelosuppression was the main @entity137 with 18% of @entity1 experiencing a grade 3-4 event. One @entity1 died of neglected @entity1398 . @entity344 was well controlled. Other @entity137 were mild. CONCLUSIONS: This combination has acceptable tolerance and, despite an 11% response rate, some partial responses and prolonged stabilizations were observed. The treatment induced clinical benefit in 33% of the @entity1 . Further trials should focus on @entity1205 or @entity2600 , possibly used in combination with more conventional strategies ( @entity136 ).

title: A phase II study of @entity1205 - XXXX combination in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on extreme @entity28 and @entity5869 are scarce. This study aimed to determine the association between pre-pregnancy weight and @entity5869 and whether pregnancy @entity1017 impacts this risk. METHODS: We used the Missouri maternally linked cohort files (years 1989-1997). Analyses were restricted to singleton live births (n = 461 729). Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified as normal (18.5-24.9) (referent group), @entity28 [Class 1 (30.0-34.9), Class 2 (35.0-39.9) and extreme or Class 3 (> or =40)]. Pregnancy @entity1017 categories included: < or =0.22 kg/week (low), 0.23-0.68 kg/week (moderate) and > or =0.69 kg/week (high). Adjusted odds ratios generated from generalized estimating equations for logistic regression models were used to approximate relative risks. RESULTS; Obese @entity1 were less likely to have @entity5869 than normal weight @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.7-0.9). The risk was similar regardless of severity of @entity28 . However, analyses stratified by @entity1017 during pregnancy indicated that reduced risk was limited to @entity28 @entity1 with low or moderate @entity1017 during pregnancy, although the analyses by subclass of @entity28 were only statistically significant for @entity1 with moderate @entity1017 . Among @entity1 with moderate @entity1017 , the risk of @entity5869 decreased with increasing BMI in a dose-dependent pattern (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with reduced risk for @entity5869 when the @entity1017 during pregnancy is moderate. These findings underscore the need for further research on the role of nutritional status during pregnancy as a protective factor against @entity5869 so that preventive strategies may be appropriately developed.

title: Extreme @entity28 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['placental abruption']


abstract: This study aimed to characterize lymph node @entity3 and determine its clinical significance in the surgical treatment of @entity356 . The medical charts of 920 @entity356 @entity1 who underwent radical surgical resection between March, 2010 and March, 2013, were retrospectively reviewed and statistically analyzed. Lymphatic @entity3 was observed in 69.6% of the @entity1 (640/920). The frequency of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 was 21.4% (18/84). Lymph node @entity3 was observed in all the @entity1 with stage IIIC-IV @entity356 . The incidence of lymph node @entity3 was higher among @entity1 with @entity5 >7 cm in size. The most frequently affected lymph nodes in @entity1 with proximal, central and distal @entity356 were station no. 1 (34.2%), no. 3 (33.8%) and no. 6 (34.3%) lymph nodes, respectively. The frequency of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 was significantly higher compared to that in @entity1 with other @entity5 . Our study further demonstrated that lymphatic @entity3 is closely correlated with @entity2802 stage, location, depth of invasion and size of @entity356 . Therefore, we recommend that a sufficient number of lymph nodes be examined from each @entity1 to determine the extent of lymph node dissection based on Borrmann type, location, size, depth of invasion and histology of the @entity5 .

title: Characterization of lymph node XXXX and its clinical significance in the surgical treatment of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage gastric cancer', 'Borrmann type IV cancer', 'Borrmann type cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the risk of recurrence in our @entity1 with @entity4773 , who underwent a simple closure and postoperative @entity1534 eradication therapy. METHODOLOGY: Within 4.5 years (3/1996 to 7/2000), 21 @entity1 with @entity4773 , were operated in our hospital. All of them underwent simple closure with omental patch repair plus @entity1534 eradication with @entity4546 , @entity4581 and @entity115 for two weeks. On December 2000, in 14 (66.6%) of these @entity1 , @entity1133 breath test for @entity1534 was performed, followed by endoscopy. RESULTS: The mean age of our 14 @entity1 is 55 years. The @entity1133 breath test was positive for @entity1534 in 3 (21.4%) @entity1 . Two of them had endoscopically @entity3621 , confirmed by pathological examination. None of our @entity1 had @entity1066 relapse. The three @entity1 with positive @entity1133 breath test received another course of the same eradication therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Simple closure of perforated chronic duodenal @entity1066 in combination with postoperative @entity1534 eradication, seems to be an accepted treatment, so the immediate acid-reduction surgery (vagotomy) in the contaminated environment caused by perforation, is probably unnecessary.

title: Simple closure of @entity4773 in the era of XXXX : an old procedure, today's solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['chronic duodenal ulcer perforation']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk stratification for comparison of outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) typically includes only clinical measures of risk. @entity1 -reported health status may be an important independent predictor of short-term health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 -reported health status, as measured by the Physical and Mental Component Summary scores of the SF-36, predicts in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay after CABG, after controlling for other clinical predictors of those outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cohort study conducted from September 1993 to November 1995. SUBJECTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-eight adults who underwent isolated CABG for @entity741 . MEASURES: In-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay (> 14 days). RESULTS: There were 27 deaths and 223 @entity1 with prolonged length of stay in the study sample. A 10-point decrease in the Physical Component Summary (PCS) score increased the odds of in-hospital mortality by 61% (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04-2.49), independent of established clinical risk factors. Similarly, a 10-point decrease in the PCS score increased the odds of prolonged length of stay by 33% (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-1.57). A 10-point decrease in the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) decreased the odds of mortality by 36% (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The PCS score is independently and significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay, after controlling for clinical risk factors. The @entity1032 score is independently and significantly associated only with mortality, though the direction of the effect is unexpected. The result likely reflects a property of the scoring of the @entity1032 and not a finding of clinical substance. Although caution must be taken when interpreting the summary scores, the SF-36 yields information not otherwise captured by clinical data and may be useful in risk stratification for in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay after CABG.

title: The value of XXXX -reported health status in predicting short-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Component Summary score', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: There is evidence that @entity750 [ @entity750 ( @entity750 )] is involved in the physiological responses to @entity2944 . Serotonergic neurons represent the major cell type (comprising 15-20% of the neurons) in raphe magnus nucleus (RMg), which is a medullary raphe nucleus. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis 1) that RMg plays a role in the ventilatory and thermal responses to @entity2944 , and 2) that RMg serotonergic neurons are involved in these responses. To this end, we microinjected 1) @entity4326 to promote nonspecific lesioning of neurons in the RMg, or 2) anti-SERT-SAP (an immunotoxin that utilizes a monoclonal antibody to the third extracellular domain of the @entity750 reuptake transporter) to specifically kill the serotonergic neurons in the RMg. @entity2944 caused @entity10441 and @entity2332 in all groups. RMg nonspecific lesions elicited a significant reduction of the ventilatory response to @entity2944 due to lower tidal volume (Vt) and respiratory frequency. @entity35 submitted to specific killing of RMg serotonergic neurons showed no consistent difference in ventilation during air breathing but had a decreased ventilatory response to @entity515 due to lower Vt. The @entity2944 -induced @entity2332 was not affected by specific or nonspecific lesions of RMg serotonergic neurons. These data suggest that RMg serotonergic neurons do not participate in the tonic maintenance of ventilation during air breathing but contribute to the ventilatory response to @entity515 . Ultimately, this nucleus may not be involved in the thermal responses to @entity515 .

title: Raphe magnus nucleus is involved in ventilatory but not hypothermic response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercapnia', 'hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The cardiac safety of a once-a-day 200 mg controlled-release formulation of @entity6237 in the prevention of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) was assessed in outpatients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The drug was administered for 24 weeks to 227 @entity1 diagnosed with recurrent @entity2749 . Cardiac safety was assessed primarily by the maximum change from baseline in QRS duration. Changes in left ventricular function at echocardiography, incidence of proarrhythmic effects determined from ECG and Holter recordings and cardiovascular adverse events were also taken into account to assess cardiac safety. Efficacy was documented by actuarial methods. RESULTS: Mean maximum QRS increase from baseline was 11.4% (n = 181); QRS increase was < 15% in 71.8% of the @entity1 and > or = 25% in 18.8%. Only 4 @entity1 had maximum QRS value > 100 ms under treatment. Left ventricular ejection fraction remained within +/- 20% of baseline for 90% of the @entity1 , increased above 20% for 8.6% and decrease below 30% for 1.4% (n = 139). @entity1168 (13.2%; n = 129) and @entity1540 (10.6%; n = 104) were the most frequently identified proarrhythmic effects. @entity616 (4.0%), supra-ventricular @entity591 (2.2%), @entity5036 (1.8%) and @entity955 (1.3%) were the most frequent drug-related cardiac adverse events. Estimated treatment success rate was 74% (95% CI: [68%; 80%]) and the incidence of @entity2749 decreased from baseline 28.6% to 11.0% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We provided evidence for a good cardiac safety profile of the controlled-release formulation of @entity6237 and confirmed the effectiveness of the drug in the prevention of @entity955 recurrences.

title: Safety of a controlled-release @entity6237 formulation in the prevention of XXXX in outpatients.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Paf episodes']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide acetate']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Atrio-ventricular block']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of @entity3064 species isolated from pus and pus swab specimens at a tertiary care setting. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from July 2008 to July 2012. METHODOLOGY: Data regarding positive culture and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was retrieved from the pus and pus swab culture records of the Microbiology Department, AFIP, Rawalpindi. Only those pus and pus swab specimens which yielded the growth of Acinetobacterspecies were included in the study. RESULTS: Out of 2781, 1848 were of pure pus while 933 were pus swab specimens. Out of 2538 culture positive isolates, 276 (10.9%) were identified as Acinetobacterspecies. Among 276 Acinetobacterspp., 245 (88.8%) were @entity3064 and 31 (11.2%) were Acinetobacterjohnsonii. Male/female ratio of the affected @entity1 was 5.6:1. @entity3403 was the most sensitive antibiotic to which 45% of the tested isolates were sensitive. Sensitivity to all other antimicrobials was 15% or less. CONCLUSION: About 11% of soft tissue and wound @entity281 are caused by Acinetobacterspecies in our set up particularly in male. @entity3403 was the most sensitive antibiotic. Sensitivity to all other antimicrobials was 15% or less. In vitro sensitivity to carbapenems is very low.

title: Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of XXXX species isolated from pus and pus swab specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter', 'Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['acinetobacter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease and treatment of @entity1569 includes conventional immunosuppressive agents and biological agents. There are a few data on the relationship between @entity1569 and @entity75 . Either benign or malignant proliferations may be seen with immunosuppressive treatment. Eruptive nevi and @entity320 ( @entity320 ) have been reported also associated with biological agents There is raising link biological treatment and @entity5 . The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of biological agents versus conventional drugs on melanocytic nevi count and dermoscopical features. METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 receiving @entity310 antagonists (etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab) and 62 @entity1 receiving @entity1499 and @entity205 included to the trial. Duration of treatment with biological agents ranged from 6 months to 4 years, and between 6 months to 3 years for conventional drugs. Total and regional nevi count and structurel changes of biological treatment was evaluated. All @entity75 checked for dermoscopic features by using Dermogenius Ultra (Linos Photonics GmbH _ Co, Munich, Germany). Diagnosis of @entity7174 and doubtful lesions for @entity320 was made by using ABCD clinically and, by three point check list (asymmetry, atypical pigment network and blue whitish structures) dermoscopically. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in number of total and regional nevi count and in the dermoscopic features of nevi between biological and conventional treatment groups. We observed dermoscopical changes in only one nevus of a @entity1 receiving etanercept. Histopathological examination of this nevi confirmed the diagnosis of @entity6349 . There were no @entity320 and @entity1489 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe significant changes in biological and conventional treatment groups there is a need for further studies to determine long-term effects of biological agents on the @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity1569 .

title: Melanocytic nevus count and dermoscopic features do not differ in psoriatic XXXX undergoing biological agent versus conventional drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['atypical nevi']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'MM', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity1467 who develop @entity195 may show an improvement in cognitive functioning after treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether individuals with @entity1467 and @entity195 will show improvement after institution of @entity8124 treatment. DESIGN: A nonrandomized controlled trial using @entity8124 in a pilot study format. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : Convenience sample of 6 treated @entity1 with @entity1467 and 9 closely matched historical control subjects. INTERVENTION: Oral administration of @entity8124 for a 5-month period. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The Down Syndrome @entity303 Scale. RESULTS: Significant improvement in @entity303 scores for the treated group during a 3- to 5-month period (P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be helpful in reversing the symptoms of @entity303 during early and middle stages of @entity73 . These findings support the rationale for a more extensive study of the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Down @entity303 .

title: @entity1467 and XXXX : response to @entity8124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome dementia', 'Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intravenous urogram has long been the primary imaging modality in assessing @entity810 . Newer ultrasound (US) techniques including pulsed and color Doppler allow the physiology of the urinary system to be interrogated via the resistive indices and ureteral jets. We sought to determine whether these new techniques would improve the ability of ultrasound to assess the presence of @entity8 and replace the intravenous urogram in assessing acute @entity1695 . METHODS: 32 @entity1 suspected of having @entity810 were evaluated with US and a KUB. A prospective diagnosis of complete, partial, or no obstruction was made. An intravenous urogram (IVU) was then performed as the "gold standard" for comparison. RESULTS: Complete obstruction was correctly identified by the absence of a ureteral jet with no false negative studies. Using our ultrasound KUB protocol, @entity3885 was correctly identified in 77% of @entity1 . All nonobstructed @entity1 were correctly diagnosed. The overall sensitivity of combined ultrasound and KUB analysis was 84%, specificity 85%, and accuracy 87.5%. CONCLUSION: Contemporary ultrasound employing pulsed and color Doppler is tedious and requires expertise not always available. Results with the intravenous urogram are more sensitive than specific. Unless contrast material is contraindicated, @entity697 is best evaluated with intravenous urography.

title: New techniques of ultrasound and color Doppler in the prospective evaluation of XXXX . Do they replace the intravenous urogram?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['partial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal obstruction']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal obstruction']


abstract: Functional instruments in rheumatology should use standardized procedures and should be quantifiable, valid, reliable, and responsive/sensitive to change. For most assessment tools, these aspects have been considered and tested. One of the most important questions in assessing hand involvement in @entity1 with @entity309 is what the single assessment should be used for. There could be a substantial difference should hand assessment be done in a routine way in a hand practice or should it be performed within scientific studies on disease progression or the effect of operative interventions. Among other points, answering this question has a significant impact on the time the @entity1 has to spend with the tests and on the time the hand therapist or hand surgeon is involved with it. In addition to aspects such as accuracy, reliability, and validity, therefore, in some evaluation tools the time needed to perform the clinical examination and assessment of hand function has also been considered to be of importance. In addition, it has to be considered that description of the anatomic status, measurements of impairment, and assessment of disability cannot simply be replaced by each other, and even measurements of single aspects often are not sufficient. It has been stated, therefore, that the combination of different discrete hand-function assessment methods provides a more complete picture of hand ability. Moreover, although better responsiveness of disability outcome measures over impairment measures has been demonstrated previously (eg, in @entity1 treated for @entity7719 ), the relationship between disability and impairment measures is not clearly established. Although some studies reported significant correlations between @entity717 tests, other studies showed only poor or moderate correlations between disability scores, impairment, and disease activity measures when rheumatoid hands were assessed. It has been concluded that the relationship between @entity717 is not straightforward. The new ICF-model addresses these two levels of health-related quality of life by different concepts of assessment. Because impairment reflects the consequences of the disease at the organ level, whereas disability reflects the consequences of the disease for functional performance and activity, for comprehensive assessment of hand handicap, measurement of disability is more comprehensive and closer to the @entity1 's needs for performing ADLs.

title: Evaluation of wrist and hand handicap and postoperative outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and disability']

entities_list: @entity7719 :: ('MESH:D003100', 'Disease') :: ['Colle fracture']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Despite numerous therapeutic options, the prognosis of @entity320 , once metastasized, is still poor. Thus, the search for reliable methods to identify @entity1 with high risk of disease progression as early as possible is of major importance. In our study, we analyzed the predictive value of soluble HLA-DR (sHLA-DR) in comparison to @entity4483 in serum from 183 @entity320 @entity1 of different stages of disease and with or without current therapy using immunosorbent assays. sHLA-DR serum levels of 121 healthy individuals served as controls. We found significantly (p < 0.0005) reduced sHLA-DR serum levels in @entity320 @entity1 (0.70 +/- 0.08 SEM microg/ml) compared to controls (1.49 +/- 0.10 SEM microg/ml). Reduced sHLA-DR and increased @entity4483 levels were associated with @entity1442 stages and @entity5 load. @entity4483 was increased under cytostatic therapy (p < 0.0005), whereas sHLA-DR was not influenced by therapy modalities. Univariate analysis showed an association of sHLA-DR < 0.3 microg/ml and @entity4483 > 0.12 microg/l with poor overall (p = 0.021 and p = 0.0009) and progression-free survival (p < 0.0005 and p = 0.0025). Multivariate analysis revealed disease stage (p = 0.0093) and @entity5 burden (p < 0.0005) as independent predictive factors for overall survival, and sHLA-DR (p = 0.0007) and @entity5 burden (p = 0.0015) for progression-free survival. In contrast to @entity4483 , sHLA-DR serum concentrations < 0.3 microg/ml were strongly associated (p = 0.0001) with poor progression-free survival in a subgroup of 60 nonmetastasized @entity1 . In conclusion, our results suggest sHLA-DR as a potent prognostic serum marker in @entity320 @entity1 superior to @entity4483 in helping to identify early-stage @entity1 at high risk of disease progression.

title: Soluble HLA-DR is a potent predictive indicator of disease progression in serum from early-stage XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute @entity385 in the distribution of the anterior @entity5487 (AICA) is known to be associated with vertigo, @entity346 , @entity11583 . Few reports have carefully examined the @entity2319 associated with the @entity6128 . Furthermore, previous neurological reports have not emphasized the inner ear as a localization of @entity2459 . The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of @entity2319 associated with the @entity6128 and the sites predominantly involved in @entity2319 . METHODS: Over 2 years, we prospectively identified 12 consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity6128 diagnosed by brain MRI. Pure-tone audiogram, speech discrimination testing, stapedial reflex testing, and auditory brainstem response were performed to localize the site of lesion in the auditory pathways. Electronystagmography was also performed to evaluate the function of the vestibular system. RESULTS: The most common affected site on brain MRI was the middle cerebellar peduncle (n=11). Four @entity1 had vertigo and/or acute auditory symptoms such as @entity393 or @entity392 as an isolated manifestation from 1 day to 2 months before @entity1188 . Audiological testings confirmed @entity1274 in 11 @entity1 (92%), predominantly cochlear in 6 @entity1 , retrocochlear in 1 @entity1 , and combined on the affected side cochlear and retrocochlear in 4 @entity1 . Electronystagmography demonstrated no response to caloric stimulation in 10 @entity1 (83%). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity2459 was an important sign for the diagnosis of @entity6128 . Audiological examinations suggest that @entity2459 in @entity6128 is usually due to dysfunction of the cochlea resulting from @entity63 to the inner ear.

title: @entity2459 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deafness']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['AICA infarction']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness, and gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity6128 :: (MESH:D020243,Disease) :: ['anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction']