abstract: A 39-year-old male experienced unilateral right @entity393 and @entity392 for 7 years and was hospitalized after he suddenly developed severe @entity10 , vertigo, and right @entity3541 . Computed tomography (CT) showed a round, high-density are in the right cerebellopontine angle. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a crescent-shaped region of high signal intensity, representing @entity548 , in the superior aspect of the @entity5 , surrounded by @entity4 . The right internal auditory canal was enlarged. Four-vessel angiography disclosed neither an @entity439 nor an @entity2758 . A right suboccipital craniectomy revealed an encapsulated mass 3 cm in diameter in the right cerebellopontine angle. The @entity5 was totally removed. Histological examination revealed a typical @entity808 composed of Antoni type A and B cells. After undergoing @entity254 of the @entity6256 , the @entity1 was discharged in @entity558 . In this case MR imaging demonstrated @entity548 (which is rare in cases of @entity5513 ) and the surrounding tissue more clearly than did CT scanning.

title: [Massive @entity548 within an XXXX . Case report].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['right hypoglossal and facial nerves']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cardiomyocytes are anticipated to serve as a useful source for future cell-based @entity65 therapies. Research emphasis is currently focused on determining methods to direct the differentiation of ESCs to a large population of cardiomyocytes with high purity. To this aim, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control ESC-to-cardiomyocyte differentiation should play a critical role in the development of this methodology. The Wnt/ @entity12401 signaling pathway has been implicated in both embryonic cardiac development and in vitro ESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Chibby is a recently identified nuclear protein that directly binds to @entity12401 and antagonizes its transcriptional activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chibby was ubiquitously expressed in early stages of ESC differentiation but upregulated during cardiomyocyte specification. Of interest, the Chibby gene promoter has multiple binding sites for the cardiac-specific homeodomain protein @entity39756 , and its promoter activity was indeed positively regulated by @entity39756 . Furthermore, overexpression of Chibby increased cardiac differentiation of ESCs, whereas loss of Chibby by RNAi impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate the regulation and function of Chibby in facilitating cardiomyocyte differentiation from ESCs. By revealing molecular mechanisms that control ESC-to-cardiomyocyte differentiation, this study will allow for the future development of technologies to improve cardiomyocyte differentiation from ESCs.

title: Chibby, an antagonist of the Wnt/ XXXX pathway, facilitates cardiomyocyte differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity12401 :: (12387(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: @entity2401 is defined as acute @entity32 of the myocardium, usually following a non-specific @entity221 , and encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from mild or subclinical disease to @entity712 . We report a 12-day-old healthy full-term neonate who presented with abrupt onset of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) following a viral prodrome. Examination revealed persistent @entity7129 , @entity6113 , gross @entity1283 , nonspecific electrocardiogram changes with echocardiography showing Swiss cheese @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ). @entity1757 alone very rarely presents as early-onset @entity712 in the absence of other precipitating factors like @entity417 , @entity295 , @entity4053 etc. @entity2401 , however, can mimic @entity1757 and can present as fulminant @entity712 in an otherwise healthy newborn. @entity2401 is usually diagnosed based on circumstantial evidence such as a recent @entity299 while ruling out other diagnostic possibilities. Elevated troponin T level is one of the most crucial noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Several trials have concluded that levels >0.055 ng/ml are statistically significant for diagnosing @entity2401 in @entity1 . In our case an abrupt onset of @entity712 following a viral prodrome and markedly @entity299 without @entity295 and in the presence of normal coronary anatomy clinched the diagnosis of @entity2401 . An early and aggressive treatment for @entity712 along with regular long-term follow-up plays a key role in the management of @entity2401 . Role of high-dose Intravenous immunoglobulin in @entity2401 has been studied by many trials with different outcomes. This is the first case report showing coexistence of @entity1757 with @entity2401 in a neonate presenting as early-onset @entity712 . The report highlights the importance of screening for @entity2401 in all previously normal babies presenting primarily with cardiogenic symptoms even if a structural @entity299 is coexistent early in life. A simplified algorithm for work-up of @entity712 in a neonate is proposed.

title: Swiss cheese @entity1757 with XXXX - a rare coexistence in a neonate.

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac failure', 'heart failure', 'cardiac failure', 'CCF', 'congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect', 'VSD']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['elevated cardiac troponin T', 'heart disease', 'viral infection and the sudden onset of cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like illness']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been a frequently performed method for @entity169 . Studies have demonstrated that the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach is an appropriate choice for @entity169 . Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed to improve the cosmetic effects of conventional laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of SILS-TAPP compared with TAPP technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 148 @entity1 who underwent TAPP or SILS-TAPP in our surgery clinic between December 2012 and January 2015 were enrolled. Data including @entity1 demographics, @entity547 characteristics, operative time, @entity260 , length of hospital stay and recurrence rate were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: In total, 60 SILS-TAPP and 88 TAPP procedures were performed in the study period. The two groups were similar in terms of gender, type of @entity547 , and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification score. The @entity1 in the SILS-TAPP group were younger when compared the TAPP group. Port site @entity547 (PSH) rate was significantly high in the SILS-TAPP group, and all PSHs were recorded in @entity1 with severe comorbidities. The mean operative time has no significant difference in two groups. All SILS procedures were completed successfully without conversion to conventional laparoscopy or open repair. No intraoperative complication was recorded. There was no recurrence during the mean follow-up period of 15.2    3.8 months. CONCLUSION: SILS TAPP for @entity169 seems to be a feasible, safe method, and is comparable with TAPP technique. However, randomized trials are required to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes.

title: Clinical outcomes of single incision laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of single-level lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of @entity1513 caused by @entity1691 . METHODS: Between July 2006 and July 2010, 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1513 caused by @entity1691 underwent single-level pedical subtraction osteotomy. There were 39 males and 6 females with an average age of 36.9 years (range, 21-59 years). The average disease duration was 18.6 years (range, 6-40 years). All @entity1 had low back @entity158 , @entity426 , and disability of looking and lying horizontally. Radiological manifestations included @entity2720 , bamboo spine, pelvic spin, and @entity1513 . Cervical spine was involved in 30 @entity1 ; thoracolumbar spine was affected in 15 @entity1 . RESULTS: Wound hydrops and dehiscence occurred in 1 case, and was cured after debridement; primary healing of incision was obtained in the other @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity272 , which were cured after @entity2399 wet packing. Forty-two @entity1 were followed up 24-74 months (mean, 30 months). All osteotomy got solid fusion. The average bony fusion time was 6.8 months (range, 3-12 months). All @entity1 could walk with brace and looked or lied horizontally postoperatively. The Scoliosis Research Society-22 @entity1 Questionnaire (SRS-22) score, T1-Sl @entity1513 Cobb angle, L1-S1 lordosic Cobb angle, sagittal imbalance distance, and chin-brow vertical angle at 1 week and last follow-up were significantly improved when compared with those at preoperation (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between at 1 week and last follow-up (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Single-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy has satisfactory effectiveness for the correction of @entity1513 caused by @entity1691 .

title: [Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of @entity1513 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints fusion']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal skin blisters']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, abnormal gaits']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize findings from health-related quality-of-life interviews with @entity1 who had recurrent subfoveal @entity1940 secondary to age-related @entity1020 and participated in a randomized pilot trial (focal confluent laser photocoagulation versus submacular surgery) that may assist in planning future assessments of health-related quality of life in @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 70 @entity1 enrolled in the pilot trial, 54 were interviewed before random assignment to treatment and provided the data analyzed for this report. @entity1 were scheduled for follow-up interviews at 6, 12, and 24 months after enrollment. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey was used in all cases and was administered by an interviewer. The summary scales, Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary, were the focus of this analysis. RESULTS: Median Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary score at baseline were 47 and 53, respectively. Distributions of scores at baseline and throughout the 2-year follow-up period were similar in the two treatment arms and consistent with those of a sample of the general US population of similar age. Distributions of both Physical Component Summary scores and Mental Component Summary scores for individual @entity1 subgroups at baseline suggested sensitivity to some measures of baseline vision. During 2 years of follow-up interviews, median changes in Physical Component Summary scores were decreases of six points in the laser arm and three points in the surgery arm; in both treatment arms, median change in Mental Component Summary scores was an increase of 2 points. Two-year changes in visual acuity had no discernible effect on Physical Component Summary scores or Mental Component Summary scores; baseline scores were the strongest predictors of 2-year changes in Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, summary scores from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and changes in scores over 2 years in this pilot trial were consistent with the ophthalmic outcome measures (reported elsewhere) that showed no important differences between the treatment arms. These health-related quality-of-life findings provided assurance that the similarity of ophthalmic outcomes in the two treatment arms did not mask changes potentially important to @entity1 that were not captured as part of the clinical outcome data.

title: Submacular surgery trials randomized pilot trial of laser photocoagulation versus surgery for recurrent XXXX secondary to age-related @entity1020 : II. Quality of life outcomes submacular surgery trials pilot study report number 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with its different subtypes is generally known as a therapy resistant @entity5 with the highest morbidity rate worldwide. Therapy resistance of a @entity5 is thought to be related to @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) within the @entity5 . There have been indications that the @entity2 is propagated and maintained by a small population of CSCs. To study this question we established a panel of 15 @entity2 cell lines (PLCCLs) from 20 fresh @entity5 using a robust serum-free culture system. We subsequently focused on identification of lung CSCs by studying these cell lines derived from 4 representative @entity2 subtypes such as @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity152 ( @entity152 ), @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ). We identified a small population of cells strongly positive for @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) and a main population which was either weakly positive or negative for @entity1759 ( @entity1759 (low/-)). Co-expression of @entity5399 further narrowed down the putative stem cell population in PLCCLs from @entity151 and @entity152 as spheroid-forming cells were mainly found within the @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (+) sub-population. Moreover, these @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (+) cells revealed mesenchymal morphology, increased expression of mesenchymal markers @entity6076 and @entity2277 , increased mRNA levels of the embryonic stem cell related genes @entity2440 and @entity4729 and increased resistance to irradiation compared to other sub-populations studied, suggesting the @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (+) population a good candidate for the lung CSCs. Both @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (+) and @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (-) cells in the PLCCL derived from @entity957 formed spheroids, whereas the @entity1759 (low/-) cells were lacking this potential. These results indicate that @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) @entity5399 (+) sub-population may represent CSCs in @entity151 and @entity152 , whereas in @entity957 @entity2 subtype, CSC potentials were found within the @entity1759 sub-population.

title: Identification and characterization of cells with @entity5 stem cell properties in human XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'primary lung cancer', 'LC', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma', 'LCC']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postnatal corticosteroids were widely used in the 1990s in an attempt to reduce the incidence of @entity2107 . However, high rates of short-term adverse effects and @entity245 were seen. In early 2002, a joint statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Canadian Paediatric Society called for limitation in the use of postnatal corticosteroids. The impact of this statement is not known. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of postnatal corticosteroid use and mortality and morbidities over time, particularly before and after the joint statement. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of cohort data within 3 large network registries (the National Institute of @entity1 Health and Development Neonatal Research Network [18 centers], the Vermont Oxford Network [444 centers], and the Canadian Neonatal Network [10 centers]) for the following 3 periods: prestatement (2001), statement (2002), and poststatement (2003) of very low birth-weight @entity1 (501-1500 g). The National Institute of @entity1 Health and Development Neonatal Research Network and the Vermont Oxford Network were also analyzed for longer-term trends from 1990 to 2003. Postnatal corticosteroid use, mortality at discharge, and neonatal morbidities ( @entity2107 at 36 weeks, late-onset infection >72 hours of age, @entity3166 treated with surgery, and length of stay) between periods were compared. RESULTS: Mean birth weight (range: 1022-1060 g), postmenstrual age (28 weeks), and gender (51% male) were similar between the networks. Race differed with more black @entity1 in the National Institute of @entity1 Health and Development Neonatal Research Network than the Vermont Oxford Network (38% vs 24%). Antenatal @entity134 use was similar (range: 61%-75%). Postnatal corticosteroid use rose from 1990 (8%-16%), peaked in 1996-1998 (24%-28%), and began to decline in 1999. Use in 2003 was significantly less than in 2001. Mortality and major morbidities were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal corticosteroid use had decreased significantly in 3 large neonatal networks before the joint statement with further decreases after the statement with no apparent impact on mortality and short-term morbidity. Despite substantial decreases, approximately 8% of very low birth-weight @entity1 continue to be treated with postnatal corticosteroid.

title: Changes in the use of postnatal steroids for XXXX in 3 large neonatal networks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between conservative management of high-grade cervical @entity2784 and recurrence rates and age groups. METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical observational study of 509 @entity1 (aged 15 to 76) with abnormal Pap smears attending a public reference center in the city of Maring  , southern Brazil, from 1996 to 2006. Data was collected from medical records, and the variables definitive diagnosis, type of treatment provided, occurrence of high-grade cervical @entity2784 and recurrence were studied. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were 168 cases of cervical high-grade cervical @entity2784 , of these, 31 were treated with cold-knife conization, 104 loop electrosurgical excision procedure, 9 hysterectomy and 24 conservative treatment (i.e., clinical and cytological follow-up or cervical electrocoagulation). A total of 8 (33.3%) @entity1 receiving conservative and 10 (6.9%) receiving non-conservative management had recurrent disease and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.0009), @entity38532 (95%CI 2.11;10.93). Three (30.0%) @entity1 among those undergoing clinical and cytological follow-up and five 5 (35.7%) among those submitted to cervical electrocoagulation had recurrent disease within three years, but the difference was not significant (p=0.5611). Recurrent rates in those younger and older than 30 were 13.8% (7 @entity1 ) and 12.2% (11 @entity1 ) (p = 0.9955). CONCLUSIONS: Age is not a predictor of disease recurrence. Conservative treatment is only recommended in exceptional situations due to its high recurrence rates. Careful cytological and colposcopic follow-up is required for three years when most recurrences occur.

title: Evaluation of conservative management of high-grade cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity2784 :: (MESH:D065310,Disease) :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion']


abstract: In constant light, where @entity238 rhythms are normally disrupted, temperature cycles induce circadian rhythms at both the molecular and behavioral level. The authors investigated the process by which the thermoperiod induces the rhythms using temperature steps. A 10 degrees C temperature step-up induced a single locomotor activity peak ca 9 h after the temperature transition, whereas a 10 degrees C step-down induced a strong activity peak ca 24 h after the transition, and the peak recurred for several cycles, suggesting that the underlying clock is reset. Arrhythmic per(01) , @entity22594 ( 01) , @entity19123 ( @entity19123 ) , and cyc(01) mutant flies failed to show the rhythm after the step-down, suggesting that per, @entity22594 , @entity19123 , and cyc are necessary for the step-down-induced rhythm. After the step-up, per(01) flies exhibited an activity peak similar to that of wild-type flies, suggesting that the peak can be induced by the step-up in absence of @entity14957 . mRNA levels of per, @entity22594 , @entity19123 , vri, and @entity32962 were changed in response to the temperature steps, but the changes differed depending on the direction of temperature steps, suggesting that steps-up and steps-down have different roles in the @entity1613 . Probably, alternating 12-h temperature steps-up and steps-down will induce opposite changes in mRNA levels of clock genes, eventually producing stable molecular oscillations. Although @entity22594 shows responses to temperature consistent with the changes of its mRNA, this is not the case for @entity14957 , consistent with posttranscriptional regulation. Changes of the mRNA levels were significantly altered but still observed in per( 01) flies but not observed in @entity19123 ( @entity19123 ) flies, except for per mRNA. This suggests that @entity19123 is involved in the temperature-induced changes in the levels of most clock gene mRNA but that per is regulated via a different mechanism.

title: Induction of XXXX behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms by temperature steps in constant light.

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of the oscillation']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: AIM: To develop a novel endoscopic severity model of intestinal @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ) and to evaluate its feasibility by comparing it with the actual disease activity index for intestinal @entity2403 (DAIBD). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 167 intestinal @entity2403 @entity1 between March 1986 and April 2011. We also investigated the endoscopic parameters including ulcer locations, distribution, number, depth, shape, size and margin to identify independent factors associated with DAIBD. An endoscopic severity model was developed using significant colonoscopic variables identified by multivariate regression analysis and its correlation with the DAIBD was evaluated. To determine factors related to the discrepancy between endoscopic severity and clinical activity, clinical characteristics and laboratory markers of the @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the number of intestinal @entity1066 (>=  2, P = 0.031) and volcanoshaped @entity1066 (P = 0.001) were predictive factors for the DAIBD. An endoscopic severity model (Y) was developed based on selected endoscopic variables as follows: Y = 47.44 + 9.04 * non-Ileocecal area + 11.85 * >=  2 of intestinal @entity1066 + 5.03 * shallow @entity1066 + 12.76 * deep @entity1066 + 4.47 * geographic-shaped @entity1066 + 26.93 * volcano-shaped @entity1066 + 8.65 * >=  20 mm of intestinal @entity1066 . However, endoscopic parameters used in the multivariate analysis explained only 18.9% of the DAIBD variance. @entity1 with severe DAIBD scores but with moderately predicted disease activity by the endoscopic severity model had more symptoms of @entity1744 (21.4% vs 4.9%, P = 0.026) and a lower rate of corticosteroid use (50.0% vs 75.6%, P = 0.016) than those with severe DAIBD scores and accurately predicted disease by the model. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the number of intestinal @entity1066 and volcano-shaped @entity1066 were predictive factors for severe DAIBD scores. However, the correlation between endoscopic severity and DAIBD (r = 0.434) was weak.

title: Correlations between endoscopic and clinical disease activity indices in intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', "Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare utilization, especially length of hospital stay and ICU admission, for acute exacerbation of @entity1030 (AECOPD) determine overall outcomes in terms of morbidity, mortality and cost burden. Predicting prolonged hospital stay ( @entity1162 ) and @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) for AECOPD is useful for rational allocation of resources in healthcare centres. AIM: To characterize the pattern of healthcare utilization by @entity1030 @entity1 hospitalized for acute exacerbation, and to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of 'prolonged hospital stay' ( @entity1162 ) and ' @entity1162 '( @entity1162 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study attempted through retrospective data analysis, to identify risk factors and evolve prediction models for increased healthcare utilization namely @entity1162 and @entity1162 for AECOPD. The data were extracted from 255 eligible admissions for AECOPD by 166 @entity1 from Aug 2012 to July 2013. Logistic regression analysis was used for identifying predictors and models were tested with area under receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Independent predictors of prolonged hospital stay (>=  6 days) were @entity1576 at baseline, low saturation at admission, high HbA1c level and positive isolates in sputum culture. Independent predictors of @entity1162 (for >=  48 hours) were past history of @entity1907 , @entity1576 at baseline, low saturation at admission, high leukocyte count and positive culture isolates in sputum. Prediction models evolved from variables available at admission showed AUC 0.805 (95% CI 0.729 - 0.881) and 0.825 (95% CI 0.75 - 0.90) for @entity1162 and ICU admissions respectively. CONCLUSION: Our prediction models derived from simple and easily available variables show good discriminative properties in predicting @entity1162 and @entity1162 for AECOPD. When prospectively validated, these models are useful for rational allocation of services especially in resource limited settings.

title: Predicting Healthcare Utilization by @entity1 Admitted for XXXX Exacerbation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['PHS', 'prolonged intensive care', 'PIC']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity2227 receptors (GluRs) are classified into metabotropic GluRs and ionotropic GluRs. Ionotropic GluRs include the @entity140 ( @entity140 ) -type, @entity4176 (KA)-type, and @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-type GluRs (NRs). Antibodies to the NRs have been detected using immunoblot, cell-based assays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In @entity1 with non-paraneoplastic, non-herpetic acute @entity14204 (NHALE), antibodies against @entity13069 ( @entity7336 ) and @entity6806 (Glu  1) are detected in the sera and CSF. In addition to the antibodies to NRs detected by ELISA, antibodies to an NR-complex detected by cell-based assay are found, not only in CSF from NHALE, but also in CSF from @entity302 , @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), etc. Antibodies to NRs internalize mainly extra-synaptic NRs, and dissociate the connection between @entity11588 and Ephrin-B2 receptor at the synapse. IgG fractions containing antibodies to NRs decrease apoptosis of cultured neurons. Antibodies to @entity140 -type GluRs have been detected by immunoblot, cell-based assay and ELISA. In @entity198 , antibodies against @entity2374 ( @entity2374 ) were found to be the primary pathological factor. However the antibodies did not cause @entity198 in @entity19 models. These antibodies have been shown to cause excitotoxicity through @entity2374 , complement-dependent @entity137 , etc. Antibodies to @entity7335 / @entity7336 in paraneoplastic @entity14204 modulate expression and localization of @entity7335 / @entity7336 at the synapse. Antibodies to metabotropic GluRs have been detected using cell-based assays in @entity1 with @entity978 . Passive transfer of the IgG fraction from patients having antibodies to metabotropic GluR1 causes @entity2055 in @entity19 .

title: [Antibodies to the XXXX receptor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['Rasmussen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it has been possible to reduce the percentage of premature @entity1 suffering @entity548 , @entity1276 remains a serious problem without a good treatment. There is a high rate of @entity306 , and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery makes the @entity1 permanently dependent on the valve and catheter system. Shunt surgery cannot be carried out early because of the blood in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain may be subjected to periods of raised pressure. Early tapping of CSF by lumbar puncture or ventricular tap was suggested as a way of temporarily reducing pressure and removing blood and protein and thereby avoiding permanent @entity1276 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether repeated CSF tapping, by lumbar puncture or ventricular tap, reduced the risk of permanent shunt @entity734 , @entity245 or @entity204 in neonates at risk of, or actually developing, post-hemorrhagic @entity1276 (PHH). This form of treatment was based on the hypothesis that repeated tapping removed protein and blood from the CSF, thus clearing obstruction from the channels of CSF absorption. SEARCH STRATEGY: Pediatric, Neurosurgical and General Medical Journals were handsearched from 1976 up to October 2000, as well as the Medline database (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Personal contacts were used. SELECTION CRITERIA: Four controlled trials ( with five published papers) were identified, three being randomised and the fourth using alternative allocation. Two trials evaluated repeated lumbar punctures in neonates with @entity548 ( @entity548 ) and two trials evaluated repeated CSF tapping @entity1 with @entity548 followed by progressive @entity2554 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In addition to details of the @entity1 selection and @entity1 allocation, the interventions were extracted. The end-points examined were: ventriculoperitoneal shunt, @entity204 , disability, @entity717 and @entity204 or disability. MAIN RESULTS: The studies were sufficiently similar in the question they were asking and the interventions were sufficiently in common that they could be combined when assessing the effect of the intervention. When repeated CSF tapping was compared to conservative treatment, the relative risks for shunt placement, @entity204 , disability and @entity717 were very close to 1.0 with no statistically significant effect. There is also evidence that this form of treatment increased the risk of @entity281 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Early repeated CSF tapping cannot be recommended for neonates at risk of, or actually developing, post-hemorrhagic @entity1276 .

title: Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['CSF infection']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['multiple disability']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 infection causes lifelong @entity3621 and is associated with the development of @entity10189 , @entity1074 and @entity356 . Many @entity1 benefit from @entity1534 eradication therapy. PPI-triple therapy is recommended as initial therapy. Quadruple therapy, with a PPI, @entity1535 , and two antibiotics, used to be recommended as second-line therapy, but can no longer be prescribed because @entity1535 is no longer available. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective rescue therapies. @entity800 -based therapies were suggested as an alternative to quadruple therapy. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and tolerability of such a one-week therapy with @entity800 and @entity1537 combined with either @entity115 or @entity4581 in a Dutch population. METHODS: Between February 2005 and November 2006, 123 consecutive @entity1534 positive @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The first 59 @entity1 were treated with @entity1537 , @entity115 and @entity800 (group I). The next 64 @entity1 were treated with @entity1537 , @entity4581 , and @entity800 (group II ). Both therapies were compared for efficacy and tolerability. RESULTS: In group I the overall (ITT) cure rate was 96% and in group II it was 93%. Minor side effects occurred in 29% of @entity1 in group I and in 41% of @entity1 in group II. Major side effects that warranted discontinuation of therapy occurred in two @entity1 in group II. CONCLUSION: Seven-day triple therapy with @entity1537 , @entity800 and either @entity115 or @entity4581 for seven days is very effective and safe for @entity1534 eradication. The combination with @entity115 seems to be better tolerated than the combination with @entity4581 .

title: Seven-day PPI-triple therapy with @entity800 is very effective for XXXX eradication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: This is the first report of unilateral palatal @entity2045 with which two different @entity1319 were synchronized. A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to intubation and @entity4653 of sudden onset after three similar attacks for these four years. On admission right @entity1736 , hypalgesia in the right face, right @entity2103 , @entity4653 , bilaterally increased deep tendon reflexes and @entity2055 were noted. Continuous repetitive contractions at 110/min frequencies were observed in the left soft palate, pharynx and larynx. On electronystagmography and electro-magnetic search coil system (Skala system), two different @entity1319 , i.e., @entity346 with torsion and @entity346 to the right, successively alternated each other at random during eyelids closure. They were synchronized with palatal @entity2045 . True @entity346 synchronized with palatal @entity2045 has not been reported. When she calculated, @entity346 disappeared. In sleep polygraphy, @entity346 reduced in amplitude in stage 1 and disappeared in stages 2, 3, 4 and REM. On the other hand, the @entity346 reduced in amplitude in stage 1 and 2 and disappeared in stages 3, 4 and REM. The direction of @entity346 was converted to the left in stages 1 and 2. Similarly, in a drowsy state induced by intravenous injection of 7 mg @entity3175 , the direction of the @entity346 was converted to the left. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) right inferior olive was identified as a well circumscribed, enlarged increased signal area on T2-weighted and proton density-weighted images in addition to the lesions of @entity1188 in left corona radiata, posterior limb of right internal capsule and tegmentum pontis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Unilateral palatal XXXX with peculiar @entity1319 --neurotological studies and MRI].

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['trunkal ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus', 'rotary oscillation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['ocular movements']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the endocrine status of @entity1 with @entity1278 during @entity353 ( @entity353 ), as well as, after weight recovery (WR). A comparison between our findings and those obtained from other populations previously described was made. We studied 12 female @entity1 during @entity353 ; 7 of them were reevaluated after WR. Stimulation tests with LRH, @entity1218 , ACTH and insulin-induced @entity4053 were performed in all cases. During the @entity353 phase, basal serum levels of LH and @entity53 , as well as the LH response to LRH, were diminished in comparison with normal values. Basal serum levels of FSH were low or normal. The function of the @entity1640 @entity43 was recovered in all @entity1 restudied; six out of seven returned to ovulation within the first 4 months after WR. The remaining @entity1 presented @entity1640 amenorrhea because of excessive physical activity. Four @entity1 exhibited basal low T3 and T4 levels with normal TSH and a retarded response to @entity1218 during @entity353 . At WR some @entity1 completely recovered their thyroid function while others developed clinical @entity1375 . Six months after WR all @entity1 were euthyroid. Prolactin response to @entity1218 was unaffected in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 had basal @entity4089 and hyperesponsiveness to @entity1218 , and the remaining one had only a PRL hyperesponsiveness; this latter finding persisted in one of these @entity1 during the WR phase. This abnormality was attributed to changes in the dopaminergic tone secondary to stress. Although serum @entity2124 concentrations were normal in all @entity1 during @entity353 , two of them had basal hypersecretion and hyperesponsiveness to @entity4053 during WR, which was attributed to @entity1131 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : endocrine function during the phases of body @entity353 and recovery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-ovarian axis']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'WL']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity6594 is a rare benign @entity99 and it is difficult to differentiate it from other focal @entity99 . Ultrasonography has become the choice of methods to detect focal @entity99 . The study aims at analyzing ultrasonographic features of @entity6594 . METHODOLOGY: A total of 8 @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity6594 were studied retrospectively during an 8-year period. The ultrasound scanners used were Toshiba SSA-100A, Toshiba SSA-240 and Aloka 630. The ultrasonographic features and clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 7 males and 1 female. The mean age was 50 years. Of the 8 cases, 2 symptomatic cases had a @entity5 larger than 10 cm. The remaining 6 cases were asymptomatic and had @entity5 smaller than 5 cm. The echogenicity was variable in these @entity5 . An irregular sonolucent was only noted in a 15 cm @entity5 and was histologically proven to be internal @entity548 . All the @entity5 were well-defined, however, a hypoechoic rim was obvious only in the isoechoic and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic features of some @entity6594 are different from those of @entity157 and @entity2695 , although the differential diagnosis cannot be made in small @entity5 . When ultrasonography is used more widely, more asymptomatic @entity1 with small-sized @entity6594 will be detected, even in male subjects. The concept about the pathogenesis of @entity6594 may be changed.

title: A different experience of XXXX in Taiwan with emphasis on clinical manifestations and ultrasonographic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypoechoic tumors', 'hyperechoic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic adenoma', 'Hepatic adenoma', 'hepatic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic lesions', 'hepatic tumor']

answer: @entity6594 :: (MESH:C564190,Disease) :: ['hepatic adenoma']


abstract: Total resection is the optimal treatment for @entity11 . However, an unexpected @entity41 mass is sometimes found on magnetic resonance imaging performed after an operation because of a macroscopically unclear margin of the @entity5 at surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescent imaging by a surgical microscope after @entity941 administration for the detection of @entity11 at surgery. For this study, we produced two filters for the excitation and emission of @entity941 that can be easily fitted to and removed from a surgical microscope manually during the operation. For the experimental study, @entity35 @entity35 brains bearing @entity36 were removed at appropriate intervals after intravenous administration of 10-20 mg kg-1 body weight of @entity941 , and their surface and coronal section through the @entity5 were observed using a surgical microscope with the filters. In clinical cases, 1000 mg of @entity941 was intravenously administered to five @entity1 with @entity11 before @entity5 resection. In the experimental study, the @entity36 itself and the @entity4 brain adjacent to the @entity5 (within 2-3 mm of the gross surface of the @entity5 ) were well stained a brilliant yellowish green for a few hours. The normal brain was not stained. In clinical cases, the @entity5 were stained a brilliant yellowish green under fluorescent observation at surgery. The @entity1 had no side effects. At all times the fluorescent observation could be quickly changed to ordinary observation by removing the filters from the surgical microscope. The @entity5 was also stained a faint yellow under ordinary nonfluorescent observation. Although this contributed to detection of the @entity5 , the fluorescent staining demarcated the @entity5 more clearly than nonfluorescent staining. These results suggest that this imaging technique by a surgical microscope with special filters at surgery may be practical and useful for detection of @entity11 and warrants further clinical evaluations.

title: Experimental and clinical study of detection of @entity11 at surgery using fluorescent imaging by a surgical microscope after XXXX administration.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: @entity4726 caused by @entity1534 is the precursor lesion in the development of intestinal-type @entity356 . In animal models, @entity4726 induced by @entity2394 has been shown to be host dependent, developing in some @entity19 strains and not in others. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of @entity1534 has been suggested to play a role in the induction of @entity3621 . The goal of this study was to compare the @entity32 induced by long-term infection of the C3H/He and the C3H/HeJ strains of @entity19 with @entity10331 . C3H/HeJ @entity19 are unresponsive to LPS. Six months after infection, severe @entity4726 had developed in the body mucosae of all infected C3H/He @entity19 , with replacement of parietal and chief cells. @entity194 was associated with a loss of the @entity10331 from the antral mucosa. In contrast, no @entity194 was seen in the infected C3H/HeJ non-LPS responder animals, and heavy colonization of the antrum remained. There were no significant differences between both the quantitative and qualitative serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and salivary IgA levels in both strains of @entity19 . The main difference between the two strains of long-term-infected @entity19 was a lack of macrophage infiltration in the lamina propria. Immunization induced good protective immunity to challenge with viable @entity10331 . @entity2394 -induced, host-dependent @entity3621 is likely to be cell mediated. The C3H/He and C3H/HeJ @entity19 model provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the cellular basis of @entity4726 .

title: The endotoxin of XXXX is a modulator of host-dependent @entity3621 .

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'Atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2394 :: ('214', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter', 'Helicobacter felis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity37971 is a locus on @entity35 chromosome 4 that regulates severity and @entity16 in collagen- and @entity16307 -induced @entity625 (CIA and PIA). This study was undertaken to refine the @entity37971 gene-containing interval toward gene identification and obtain insights into its mode of action. METHODS: Five DA.F344( @entity37971 ) subcongenic @entity35 strains were generated and studied using the PIA and CIA models. Levels of antibodies against @entity1413 (both allo- and autoantibodies) were measured. Joints and synovial tissue were collected 32 days after the induction of PIA (chronic stage) for histologic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels. RESULTS: Three subcongenic strains sharing the centromeric Cia3d interval were protected and 2 subcongenic strains sharing the telomeric Cia3g interval, which did not overlap with Cia3d, were also protected, developing significantly less severe CIA and PIA. Normal joint architecture was preserved in DA.F344( @entity37971 ) and DA.F344(Cia3d) congenic @entity35 with PIA, while DA @entity35 had pronounced @entity1373 , angiogenesis, @entity32 , and @entity79 . The DA.F344(Cia3d) and DA.F344(Cia3g) strains had significantly lower synovial levels of @entity3426 (5-fold and nearly 2-fold, respectively [the latter not reaching statistical significance]), @entity17533 (expressed predominantly in DA @entity35 ), @entity16309 (79-fold and 8-fold, respectively), and @entity11016 (21-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively) and reduced levels of pathogenic autoantibodies against @entity1413 , compared with DA @entity35 . CONCLUSION: We have identified 2 new @entity625 severity and @entity16 loci within @entity37971 . These loci regulate pathogenic processes in 2 different models of @entity309 , and the identification of these genes has the potential to generate new targets for therapies aimed at reducing disease severity and @entity16 , and may additionally have prognostic value.

title: Identification of two new @entity625 severity loci that regulate levels of autoantibodies, @entity3426 , and @entity16 in XXXX - and collagen-induced @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory infiltration']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['articular damage', 'joint damage']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone or cartilage erosions']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['type II collagen']

answer: @entity16307 :: (MESH:C009042,Chemical) :: ['pristane']


abstract: Total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1875 and @entity680 is an established alternative to inhalation anaesthesia for intracranial neurosurgical procedures. Its usefulness has been somewhat overshadowed by reports of @entity410 -like movements, both during anaesthesia and in the recovery period. These can be related to the use of either anaesthetic agent, but true epileptogenic properties still remain to be demonstrated in @entity1 . Opioid-induced @entity2003 is a well known phenomenon and must not be mistaken for an @entity302 . Myoclonic motor activity can be observed even under physiological conditions, e.g. sleep. Almost all anaesthetic agents have been found to produce " @entity302 " EEG changes (spikes, polyspikes, spike-wave complexes), but in @entity1 these have never been correlated to motor reactions. @entity1875 's pro- or anticonvulsive action is unclear. While some groups found shortened @entity410 times in @entity1 undergoing electroconvulsive therapy with @entity1875 instead of @entity3694 , others have reported activation of epileptogenic foci in the EEGs of known @entity302 @entity1 . A synergistic effect of @entity1875 and @entity680 in the generation of @entity410 -like movements cannot be excluded. Whether @entity410 -like movements indicate a true "epileptogenic potency" of the anaesthetic drugs or are related to other phenomena remains to be studied. Electro-encephalographic monitoring during anaesthesia as well as careful observation and documentation of motor reactions may contribute to elucidation of the problem. We report a case of @entity410 -like movements during @entity1875 - @entity680 anaesthesia for an elective craniotomy. A 52-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of headaches of increasing frequency. A CT brain scan demonstrated a @entity5 in the left occipital region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A @entity410 during XXXX - @entity680 anesthesia?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsing']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic seizure']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['methohexitone']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and utilization patterns of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) in @entity1 and adolescents in France. METHODS: This was a population-based retrospective study in which the cohort consisted of @entity1 for whom data were extracted from the dispensation drug claims database of the national health insurance (NHI) fund for self-employed workers. Annual prevalence of @entity7541 use was evaluated on @entity1 aged 6-18 years who were reimbursed for at least one @entity7541 prescription a year. Between January 2004 and June 2005, features of @entity7541 medication and user profile were described for the "new starters" having a screening period of 1 year without receiving a @entity7541 prescription and a follow-up >or=12 months. Time to interruption of @entity7541 regular use was analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Mean duration of exposure to @entity7541 treatment was computed with the 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Annual prevalence of @entity7541 per 1000 @entity1 was 1.1 in 2003, 1.5 in 2004 and 1.8 in 2005 (relative increase of 63.5%). New starters (n = 447) received their first @entity7541 prescription through the hospital (65.1%) or through private practitioners (34.9%). The user profiles were: short (16.6%), occasional (33.8%) and regular (49.6%). Among the new starters, the median time to interruption of @entity7541 regular use was 10.2 months (95% CI: 7.9-12.4). The mean duration of exposure to @entity7541 treatment was: occasional (4.9 months, 95% CI: 4.3-5.5) and regular (25.7 months, 95% CI: 24.6-26.8). CONCLUSION: Although there is a low prevalence of @entity7541 use in France, this survey revealed a wide profile of users and heterogeneous use patterns.

title: Prevalence and patterns of @entity2727 use in French XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: The "adequate" therapy of @entity5 has not yet been determined. The authors report their experience with 58 N(0) @entity1 to elucidate the role of elective neck dissection in surgical treatment of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The files of 58 N(0) @entity1 with @entity5 were evaluated retrospectively. In every @entity1 , partial glossectomy continuous with neck dissection was the mainstay of the treatment. @entity2802 staging, intraoperative N staging, pathologically confirmed cervical lymph node @entity3 and their levels, and clinical outcomes (local and regional recurrences) were recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative staging was determined. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent (31/58) of the @entity1 presented as T(1), and 26% (15/58) as T(2). The overall occult @entity3 rate was 29.3% (17/58). The occult @entity3 rate for T(1) and T(2) lesions was 19.4% (6/31) and 26.7% (4/15), respectively. The sensitivity of intraoperative staging was 76.5%, and the specificity was 51.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of occult @entity3 to the neck is too high in all @entity5 cases to take the risk of regional recurrence, and the surgeon can not solely depend on neck palpation for determination of neck @entity3 . Radiologic investigations and fine-needle aspiration decrease, but never reduce to zero the rate of false-negative examination. There is an obvious indication for neck dissection, even in early cases.

title: The value of elective neck dissection in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the tongue', 'tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the tongue']


abstract: The role of Langerhans cells in the pathogenesis of @entity1694 is still unknown. In this study, biopsies were taken from 26 @entity1 at various stages of @entity1694 and morphometrically observed to investigate the kinetics of Langerhans cells in @entity1 at various stages of the disease. A marked depletion of OKT6-positive and ATPase-positive epidermal dendritic cells was noted in @entity1 with @entity3457 . A repopulation of both OKT6-positive and ATPase-positive epidermal dendritic cells was noted in @entity1 with stable @entity1694 . Profound depletion of epidermal OKT6-positive and ATPase-positive dendritic cells was noted in @entity1 with @entity1694 receiving treatments involving topical use of 0.05% @entity28973 cream or PUVA photochemotherapy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the absence of epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells and intermediate cells) in @entity1 with active and @entity1694 . In @entity3457 , two possible explanations are proposed for the depletion of OKT6-positive and ATPase-positive epidermal dendritic cells (presumptive Langerhans cells): 1) the cells are destroyed by cytotoxic factors released during the course of destruction of melanocytes in active vitiligo, and/or 2) they leave the epidermis and migrate to regional lymph nodes to present certain antigens which are released from certain destroyed epidermal cells (keratinocytes or melanocytes) during the course of active vitiligo. The repopulated epidermal Langerhans cells may result from phenotypically transformed dermal dendritic cells in the @entity75 of @entity1 with stable vitiligo. Since various therapies which result in repigmentation deplete the density of epidermal Langerhans cells markedly, it is suggested that depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells in stable vitiligo may aid in repigmentation. It is also proposed that the repopulated epidermal Langerhans cells may play a role in inhibiting the proliferation of epidermal melanocytes in @entity75 of stable vitiligo, thus various methods of treatment which deplete the Langerhans cells may eventually aid in the repigmentation of @entity1694 .

title: Depletion and repopulation of Langerhans cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['depigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['nonsegmental type vitiligo', 'repigmenting nonsegmental type vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity28973 :: ('MESH:D005447', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluocinonide']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active nonsegmental type vitiligo']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['nonsegmental type vitiligo']


abstract: @entity2890 pharmacokinetics is usually described by a one-compartment model, but this model fails to account for both the incomplete urinary recovery and prolonged post-treatment persistence noted with this drug. We examined the multiple-dose behavior of @entity2890 in 35 treated @entity1 with stable renal function, using peak and trough serum concentrations, urine recovery, and postmortem tissue analysis. Serum concentrations rose slowly throughout treatment and declined in two phases after the drug was stopped. The first-phase half-life correlated well with renal function, but the second averaged 146 h and was poorly related to @entity1011 clearance. A two-compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations and to calculate the amount of drug in the tissue compartment at all times during and after treatment. Predicted tissue amounts rose continually throughout treatment in all study @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 , the total amount of @entity2890 in the body after the final dose was recovered in the urine, but urine had to be collected for 10 to 20 days to achieve complete recovery of the drug. In four @entity1 , the predicted tissue amount was recovered from postmortem tissues. Regardless of the dose, @entity2890 accumulated in the tissues of all @entity1 receiving this antibiotic. The two-compartment pharmacokinetic model explains both the rising peak and trough concentrations during treatment and the detection of the drug in serum and urine long after the last dose.

title: Accumulation pharmacokinetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['Tobramycin', 'tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report the case of a 42-y-old morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who presented persistent @entity417 as result of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: The surgical procedure conducted in 1999 consisted of horizontal gastroplasty with truncular vagotomy, Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal anastomosis with an alimentary limb of 60 cm, and cholecystectomy. In 2000 a second surgery (subtotal gastrectomy, i.e., 90%, with a 50-mL gastric pouch) was performed because of failed gastroplasty. @entity417 was detected approximately 1 y after the second surgery. This condition worsened significantly after an abdominal lipectomy performed in 2001. Since then, different oral @entity68 compounds were used for treatment, but with unsatisfactory results. The subject was anemic for 4 y. RESULTS: The condition was corrected only after intravenous @entity68 administration. @entity68 absorptions from 3 mg of @entity68 as @entity620 and from a standardized diet that also contained 3 mg of @entity68 were 48.4% and 39.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity68 absorption tests provided evidence that the reduction of intestinal @entity68 absorption capacity was the most probable cause of the persistent @entity417 .

title: Persistent XXXX after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous ascorbate']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate ulnar variance (UV) as a parameter for @entity7719 as a measure of the true length of the distal radius pre-operatively, we measured UV pre-operatively in 20 @entity1 with Colles' @entity174 being treated surgically using the method of perpendiculars. Because the distal fragment is by definition dorsi-flexed, the dorsal edge of the most distal part of the radius is seen proximally and the volar edge of it is seen distally on true postero-anterior x-ray of the wrist. METHODS: We measured three different UVs in x-rays. UVd is the distance from the dorsal edge of the distal radius to the distal end of the ulnar head. UVv is the distance from the volar edge of the distal radius to the distal end of the ulnar head. We calculated UVc using lateral x-ray of the wrist at the midpoint of the lunate fossa to describe the true length of the distal radius. We compared UVd with UVv or UVc in 20 @entity1 as well as in 11 @entity1 who had dorsal tilt over 15 degrees. RESULTS: UVv was -3.8 +/- 2.5 mm (average+/-SD). UVd was 2.2 +/- 2.4 mm. UVc was 1.7 +/- 2.2 mm. Statistically, there was a significant difference between UVv and UVd (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between UVd and UVc. However, in 11 cases with dorsal tilt over 15 degrees, UVd was 2.2 +/- 2.8 mm and UVc was 1.1 +/- 2.7 mm. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The length of the distal radius can be described by measuring UVd pre-operatively in @entity7719 @entity1 in general. However, the true length of the distal radius can not be described by measuring UVd pre-operatively in cases with marked dorsi-flexion of the distal fragment.

title: Is ulnar variance suitable for a parameter of XXXX pre-operatively?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity7719 :: ('MESH:D003100', 'Disease') :: ["Colles' fracture"]

answer: @entity7719 :: (MESH:D003100,Disease) :: ['Colles' fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity703 ( @entity703 ) and @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) are occasionally discovered concurrently. The approach to @entity5 and @entity449 is controversial. METHODS: Between 1981 and 1999, concurrent @entity703 and @entity1028 were diagnosed in 50 @entity1 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Twenty-three @entity1 were managed conservatively because of small asymptomatic @entity1028 or metastatic disease; these @entity1 were excluded from the study. The remaining 27 @entity1 underwent operative management of both entities with a staged or simultaneous approach, and they form the basis of this article. RESULTS: @entity1028 diameter ranged from 4.8 to 13 cm (mean, 6.0+/-1.8 cm). RNs were managed with radical nephrectomy in 11 @entity1 (41%), partial nephrectomy in 10 @entity1 (37%), or both in 6 @entity1 with bilateral @entity703 (22%). The @entity1028 repair was performed at the time of the urologic procedure in 11 @entity1 (41%), before the urologic procedure in 13 @entity1 (48%), or after the urologic procedure in 3 @entity1 (11%). The @entity1028 was addressed with open surgical repair in 24 @entity1 (89%); recently, three @entity1 (11%) underwent endovascular repair of the @entity439 and staged partial nephrectomy. The incidence of major perioperative complications was 23% (6 @entity1 ). @entity810 was the most common complication (3 [11%]) followed by @entity1576 (2 [7.4%]), @entity1151 (1 [3.7%]), and @entity64 (1 [3.7%]). At the mean follow-up of 57 months, there were no graft infections reported. The 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates were 62% and 81%, respectively. There was a significant difference in 5-year cancer-specific survival when comparing @entity1 managed simultaneously versus staged (80% versus 35%, P =.007). CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent presentation of @entity703 and @entity1028 should not discourage one from treating both entities simultaneously because long-term survival is common. Endovascular repair of @entity1028 holds promise as an attractive strategy in these complex @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX and @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['RN', 'renal tumors', 'Renal neoplasm']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['synchronous renal neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The analgesic efficacy of @entity14340 in postsurgical @entity158 management has been confirmed in minimally invasive surgery. However, little is known about its effects used in combination with opioids and about its potential for opioid-sparing effects in complex operations. This study was performed to investigate the influence of @entity14340 on @entity1286 analgesia after gynecological @entity5 surgery. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 undergoing gynecological @entity5 resection were randomized to receive either intravenous @entity14340 at a dose of 40 mg (Group P, n  =  40) followed by 40 mg every 12 h for 48 h or saline as a control (Group C, n  =  40) 30 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by saline at the same time points after the operation. All @entity1 had access to @entity1 -controlled analgesia with intravenous @entity1286 . @entity1 were assessed with respect to @entity158 score (visual analog scale from 0-10), cumulative @entity1286 requirement, satisfaction score, and side effects at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 79 @entity1 were evaluated. The cumulative dose of @entity1286 administered at each time point was lower in Group P than in Group C (P  <  0.05), at 2 h (3.81      0.35 versus 4.13      0.45; P  =  0.01), 6 h (16.20      1.49 versus 19.60      0.35; P  <  0.001), 12 h (26.29      2.75 versus 32.49      2.42; P  <  0.001), 24 h (41.72      2.70 versus 49.97      4.53; P  <  0.001), and 48 h (60.06      4.00 versus 65.68      3.23; P  <  0.001). Compared with Group C, Group P had significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and with movement, respectively, at 2 h (4.2, P  <  0.001 and 5.0, P  <  0.001), 6 h (3.6, P  <  0.001 and 4.5, P  <  0.001), 12 h (3.0, P  =  0.017 and 4.0, P  <  0.001), 24 h (2.1, P  <  0.001 and 3.4, P  <  0.001), and 48 h (1.8, P  <  0.001 and 2.6, P  <  0.001). The satisfaction score was higher in Group P than in Group C (8.6      0.3 versus 6.8      0.7, P  <  0.001). There were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity14340 with @entity1 -controlled analgesic @entity1286 in postoperative analgesia resulted in comprehensive enhancement of the analgesic efficacy, reducing the opioid requirement and increasing @entity1 satisfaction after gynecological @entity5 surgery.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity1286 analgesia after gynecology @entity5 operation: a randomized trial of @entity14340 used in postsurgical @entity158 management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity14340 :: (MESH:C409945,Chemical) :: ['parecoxib']


abstract: The performance of @entity161 in- @entity1 in facial expression identification was assessed in an acute phase and in a partly remitted phase of the illness. During visual exploration of the face stimuli, the @entity1 's eye movements were recorded using an infrared-corneal-reflection technique. Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 demonstrated a significant @entity1316 . In addition, @entity161 differed from controls in several eye movement parameters such as length of mean scan path and mean duration of fixation. Both the @entity2358 remained stable over time. However, performance in @entity2358 were not correlated. @entity1 with flattened affect showed relatively selective scan pattern characteristics. In contrast, affective flattening was not correlated with performance in facial-affect recognition. Dosage of neuroleptic medication did not affect the results. The main findings of the study suggest that @entity161 is associated with disturbances in primarily unrelated neurocognitive operations mediating visuomotor processing and facial expression analysis. Given their time stability, the disturbances might have a trait-like character.

title: Facial-affect recognition and visual scanning behaviour in the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in facial-affect recognition']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia', 'schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['facial-affect recognition deficit and the eye movement abnormalities', 'facial-affect recognition and eye movement abnormalities']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Virulent @entity29030 ( @entity29030 ) represents an immunomodulatory viral infection that perturbs immune functions. Circulatory and @entity74 include @entity1431 , immunosuppression and @entity548 . Monocytic cells - targets for @entity29030 virus (CSFV) infection - could play critical roles in the immunopathology, owing to their production of immunomodulatory and vasoactive factors. Monocytes and macrophages (Mphi) are susceptible to @entity778 , as a consequence of which @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production is enhanced. The presence of @entity1421 in serum from CSFV-infected @entity1707 correlated with elevated @entity1421 productivity by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these same animals. It was noted that these @entity1421 -containing preparations did not inhibit, but actually enhanced, lymphocyte proliferation. The proinflammatory cytokines tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity14463 ) and @entity22134 were not involved, although elevated IL-1 production could relate to lymphocyte activation. Nevertheless, IL-1 was not the sole element: infected Mphi produced lympho-stimulatory activity but little IL-1. This release of immunomodulatory factors, following CSFV infection of monocytic cells, was compared with other characteristics of the disease. Therein, @entity1421 and IL-1 production was noted to coincide with the onset of fever and the coagulation disorders typical of @entity29030 . Consequently, these factors are of greater relevance to the @entity6243 , such as @entity4125 and @entity1188 , rather than the @entity1431 found in @entity29030 .

title: Immunopathogenesis of XXXX : role of monocytic cells.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity29030 :: ('MESH:D006691', 'Disease') :: ['CSF', 'classical swine fever']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['immunopathological disorders']

answer: @entity29030 :: (MESH:D006691,Disease) :: ['classical swine fever']


abstract: To compare different volumes of injectate using electrostimulator (ES)-guided and blind brachial plexus blockade (BPB) techniques in @entity235 . Prospective, randomised, blinded study. Fifty-eight healthy adult purpose-bred @entity235 . Animals were randomised into 4 groups based on the volume of @entity845 blue 0.1 per cent administered for BPB, three using ES technique: E1 (0.2 ml/kg, n=22), E2 (0.6 ml/kg, n=22), and E3 (1.0 ml/kg, n=14), and one using blinded technique B4 (1.0 ml/kg, n=14). After euthanasia, the axillary region was dissected and nerves identified by a blinded evaluator. Success was defined as 3/4 nerves stained, or presence of dye in the tissue immediately surrounding the plexus. There were no significant differences between groups when total nerve count, adjacent staining, success rate (92.8-100 per cent), or rate of haematoma were evaluated. The @entity129 was significantly more targeted in B4 than E1 and E2, but not E3. Electrostimulator-guided BPB using lower volumes of injectate had similar success rate as the blinded technique using higher volume, thus, lower volumes can be used without compromising success. When an ES is not available, the blind technique with 1 ml/kg is also acceptable. However, when performing an ES-guided BPB, volumes as low as 0.2 ml/kg can be used. As volume is increased, the @entity129 becomes more likely to be targeted.

title: Different volumes of injectate using electrostimulator and blinded techniques for brachial plexus block in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['musculocutaneous nerve']

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Flow cytometric analysis was carried out on peripheral blood cells from @entity1 with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) (n = 84) and with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) (n = 38). A whole blood-staining-hemolysis procedure was used for the preparation of samples being analyzed, and the cells were double-stained with various combinations of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )- and phycoerythrin (PE)- labeled monoclonal antibodies. These procedures enabled us to obtain quite reproducible results. As @entity1 of more than 70 years old showed apparently distinct T lymphocyte profiles compared with those less than 70 years of age, this investigation was carried out only on @entity1 of less than 70 years old. 1) The proportion of total lymphocytes to total leukocytes was significantly low in @entity378 - and @entity378 - groups, when compared with that in the healthy control group, although the total peripheral leukocyte number was not significantly different from each other. Thus, absolute numbers of lymphocytes were decreased significantly in @entity378 - and @entity378 - @entity1 . 2) The numbers of both T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood decreased in @entity1 of both groups, leaving the ratio of T/B relatively constant. 3) Both @entity404 +/ @entity405 - and @entity404 -/ @entity405 + subsets of T lymphocytes decreased in @entity378 - as well as @entity378 - groups. However, the decrease in @entity404 +/ @entity405 - subset was more manifest than that in @entity404 -/ @entity405 + subset. Among @entity404 +/ @entity405 - subset the proportion of the @entity1196 + subpopulation was slightly lower and among @entity404 -/ @entity405 + subset @entity9536 - subpopulation was slightly higher in both @entity378 - and @entity378 - groups than in healthy control group. 4) There was no significant difference in proportions of @entity3647 (p55 alpha chain) positive as well as HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes between @entity1 groups and healthy control group. 5) Both @entity378 - and @entity378 - groups were subdivided according to the extent of @entity358 . @entity1 with the larger lesion showed remarkable decreases in the ratio of T lymphocytes to total peripheral leukocytes, the number of T lymphocytes, and the numbers of @entity404 +/ @entity405 - and @entity404 -/ @entity405 + subsets, when compared with those with the smaller lesion. 6) Although the averages of absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, @entity404 +/ @entity405 - and @entity404 -/ @entity405 + subsets were lower in @entity1 groups than in the control group and the ratios of these to total lymphocyte counts and the ratio of @entity404 + to @entity405 + subsets were not significantly different between @entity1 groups and control group, the distributions of each value of individual @entity1 were far broad in @entity1 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral T lymphocytes from XXXX with mycobacterial diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['MOTT', 'TB', 'mycobacteriosis other than tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. In isolated liver cells, fixed in 4 per cent @entity406 (NFS) for Feulgen- @entity6201 Yellow S (F-NYS) staining of DNA and protein, nuclear shrinkage increases the nuclear concentration of solids to 46 per cent (w/v) before the start of the NYS staining. 2. When a fixative mixture of @entity1042 : @entity1543 : @entity406 (85:5:10 by volume; @entity16408 ) is used, the concentration of nuclear solids during NYS staining remain at a physiological level of 19 per cent. 3. By exposing liver cells to NFS for 10 to 120 seconds before fixation in @entity16408 , increasing nuclear shrinkage can be induced with increasing pretreatment in NFS. Nuclear NYS binding decreases in parallel with the decreasing nuclear volume in cells thus treated. As the shrinkage induced reduction in NYS binding may vary with the net charge of nuclear non-histone proteins, @entity16408 fixation must be preferred for quantitative determinations of nuclear non-histone protein in F-NYS stained, isolated cells. 4. Fixation in @entity16408 offers the same advantages as NFS fixation as regards the small loss of proteins during the Feulgen staining procedure and the excellent reproducibility of the F-NYS staining. Storage of @entity16408 fixed cells in the fixative for a few days does not alter their F-NYS staining properties. 5. In @entity16408 fixed, F-NYS stained cells there is no NYS binding to histone basic @entity535 residues.

title: Feulgen- XXXX Yellow S cytophotometry of liver cells. The effect of @entity406 induced shrinkage on nuclear @entity6201 Yellow S binding.

entities_list: @entity6201 :: ('CHEBI:35682', 'Chemical') :: ['Naphthol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity6201 :: (CHEBI:35682,Chemical) :: ['Naphthol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the frequency and risk factors for intraoperative anesthesia consultation when performing @entity231 surgery monitored by registered nurses. SETTING: Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. METHODS: This retrospective review was of 270 @entity231 surgeries performed under local anesthesia from April 1, 2002, to April 1, 2003. RESULTS: The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of each @entity1 was determined: 1 @entity1 was classified as ASA 1. One hundred fifty @entity1 were classified as ASA 2. One hundred nineteen @entity1 were classified as ASA 3. The anesthesiology department was consulted 24 times. Nineteen consultations involved @entity1 who were ASA 3, and 5 consultations involved @entity1 who were ASA 2 (P<.001). In most cases (23 of 24), the anesthesia service provided a consultation (eg, increase @entity26 flow rate, clarification of electrocardiogram, start intravenous line, equipment repair) and left the nurses to continue to monitor the @entity1 . In only 1 case (ASA 3), the anesthesia service converted the case to monitored anesthesia care and relieved the nurse to monitor the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, monitoring of routine @entity231 surgery by registered nurses was associated with a low rate of intraoperative anesthesia consultation. Most consultations resulted in little intervention. The ASA classification appears predictive of the need for intraoperative anesthesia consultation.

title: Anesthesia monitoring by registered nurses during XXXX surgery: assessment of need for intraoperative anesthesia consultation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excellent mid-term results have stimulated the use of hemispherical porous-coated @entity21221 in hip replacement. With longer follow-up, there have been problems related to @entity691 wear and liner fixation, and @entity3061 has been documented in reports of selected cases. We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of 50 @entity1 followed for 12 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: 58 consecutive @entity1 (58 hips), mean age 55 years, were operated with @entity23498 or II @entity21221 using line-to-line fit and additional screw fixation. @entity691 linersgamma-sterilized in air and 32-mm ceramic heads were used. 8 @entity1 died within 12 years, leaving 50 @entity1 with a complete 12 year follow-up. 23 of the @entity21221 were also evaluated with radiostereometry (RSA) for migration, liner stability, and wear. RESULTS: All metal shells were still in situ after 12 years. 4 hips had been revised due to femoral loosening. In these revisions, the liner had been exchanged due to wear and/or instability, resulting in a cup survival rate of 89%. 28 @entity21221 displayed @entity690 , mainly in relation to screws. RSA revealed minimum translations, but in many cases there were pronounced liner rotations suggesting unstable liners within the metal shell. The annual proximal wear was 0.09 mm and the three-dimensional wear was 0.16 mm. INTERPRETATION: RSA can predict the long-term performance of cup fixation. Low migration during the initial years after implantation indicates excellent long-term results regarding fixation of the metal shell. The main problem with this design appears to be liner instability and @entity3061 , factors that are probably interrelated. Because these phenomena are clinically silent, we recommend regular follow-up of @entity1 with HG @entity21221 to avoid sudden loosening and complicated revisions.

title: Porous-coated XXXX fixed with screws: a 12-year clinical and radiostereometric follow-up study of 50 hips.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene', 'polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity23498 :: ('MESH:C536015', 'Disease') :: ['Harris-Galante (HG) I']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity21221 :: (MESH:C536557,Disease) :: ['cups']


abstract: We compared plasma lipid and lipoprotein parameters between 210 @entity177 @entity1 treated by hemodialysis and 223 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects to examine whether atherogenic lipoprotein changes were present in hemodialysis @entity1 in the absence of @entity407 . The hemodialysis group showed higher levels of plasma @entity1674 , very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity165 , and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) @entity165 and a lower level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 . Low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 of the hemodialysis group was not elevated but their LDL was significantly more @entity412 -enriched than that of controls. Subjects were then divided into five categories according to their plasma @entity412 levels at an interval of 50 mg/dl, and comparison was made between the two groups in the same range of plasma @entity1674 . Hemodialysis @entity1 again showed higher levels of VLDL- and IDL- @entity165 , and lower levels of HDL- @entity165 than the control group even in the plasma @entity1674 -matched comparisons. Similarly, higher VLDL- and IDL- @entity165 levels in hemodialysis @entity1 were significant in plasma total @entity165 -matched subgroup comparisons. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the relationship between plasma lipid concentrations and individual lipoprotein levels were substantially altered in uremic state. The 95th percentile level of IDL- @entity165 in the nonuremic controls was 15 mg/dl, and 45% of hemodialysis @entity1 exceeded this level. Decreased HDL- @entity165 levels < or = 35 mg/dl were seen in 6% of the control and 38% of the hemodialysis group. Elevated IDL- @entity165 and decreased HDL- @entity165 were persistently found in hemodialysis @entity1 with normal lipid levels. It is concluded that hemodialysis @entity1 exhibited more atherogenic lipoprotein profile than nonuremic subjects with comparable levels of plasma @entity1674 and total @entity165 . Especially, increased IDL- and decreased HDL- @entity165 levels in hemodialysis @entity1 persisted even at very low levels of plasma lipids. Since elevated IDL and decreased HDL- @entity165 are implicated in the progression of @entity731 , these findings are of clinical importance in the diagnosis of @entity74 in @entity177 .

title: Atherogenic lipoprotein changes in the absence of @entity407 in @entity1 with XXXX treated by hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein disorder']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: R-Spondins are secreted glycoproteins ( @entity43077 - @entity43120 ) that have proliferative effects on adult stem cells by potentiating Wnt signaling. @entity43077 actions are mediated by the @entity368 -rich repeat (LRR)-containing seven-transmembrane receptors @entity39209 - @entity43121 and the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases @entity36204 and @entity34520 . Here, we present a methodology for the bacterial expression and purification of the signaling competent, @entity462 -rich Fu1-Fu2 domains of the four @entity1 RSPOs, a fragment of the @entity1 @entity39209 extracellular domain (ECD) containing @entity43122 -14, and the @entity1 @entity36204 ECD. In a cell-based signaling assay, the nonglycosylated RSPOs enhanced low-dose @entity13020 signaling with potencies comparable to those of @entity1 cell-produced RSPOs and @entity43123 were more potent than @entity43124 . @entity39209 @entity43122 -14 and @entity36204 ECD inhibited @entity43125 -enhanced @entity13020 signaling. The RSPOs bound @entity39209 @entity43122 -14 with nanomolar affinities that decreased in the following order in a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay: @entity43120 > @entity43125 > @entity43126 > @entity43077 . @entity43077 -receptor interactions were further characterized with a native gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which corroborated the @entity43077 - @entity39209 TR-FRET results and indicated that RSPOs weakly bound @entity36204 with affinities that decreased in the following order: @entity43125 > @entity43126 > @entity43077 . @entity43120 : @entity36204 complexes were not detected. Lastly, ternary @entity43077 : @entity39209 : @entity36204 complexes were detected for @entity43123 . Our results indicate that @entity43077 and @entity39209 N-glycans are dispensable for function, demonstrate @entity43077 -mediated ternary complex formation, and suggest that the stronger signaling potencies of @entity43123 result from their strong binding of both receptors. Our unique protein production methodology may provide a cost-effective source of recombinant RSPOs for regenerative medicine applications.

title: Reconstitution of R-spondin: @entity39209 : XXXX adult stem cell growth factor signaling complexes with recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity36204 :: (84133,Gene) :: ['ZNRF3']