abstract: Etanercept, an inhibitor of @entity310 , has been found effective in the treatment of @entity5144 and @entity1569 . Etanercept is a fusion protein made up of domains of the soluble, fully @entity1 p75- @entity310 receptor and the F(c) portion of human IgG(1). The drug is a protein which must be administered subcutaneously. Several controlled studies have highlighted its efficacy for both skin symptoms and joint involvement. The usual dose is 25 mg s.c. twice weekly. Higher dosages of 50 mg twice weekly may be used in severe cases. Before starting the therapy with etanercept, infections including @entity378 have to be excluded. Methotrexate and other pharmacological immunosuppressive agents can be combined with etanercept, as can all standard topical agents. Etanercept in off-label use has been found to also be useful in several other inflammatory dermatologic conditions. If @entity1 are carefully monitored, etanercept is generally well-tolerated and has a good safety profile. The development of novel biologic agents such as etanercept is one of the most important therapeutic innovations of recent years.

title: [Etanercept. An effective @entity310 -antagonist in the treatment of XXXX and chronic plaque psoriasis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: An 18-yr-old @entity1 presented with @entity615 as the result of multiple @entity174 . At age 16 he had developed a @entity5 of the mesencephalon. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was established surgically. One year later, he developed progressive @entity51 in his upper and lower limbs with an increase in the size of the @entity5 . He was treated by irradiation and high doses of glucocorticoids. Although the @entity51 progressively improved, he developed @entity615 resulting in complete immobilization for 3 mo in spite of neurologic recovery. Multiple @entity174 were diagnosed by X-ray. Bone density was extremely low (Z-score of -5.5 in the spine and -3.1 in the femoral neck). The @entity1 was treated with @entity460 and @entity560 , @entity175 , @entity171 , physiotherapy, and progressive mobilization. Glucocorticoids were decreased and could be stopped as the @entity51 fully recovered. After 1 yr of treatment with intermittent i.v. @entity5279 , bone density had increased by 40% in the spine and by 25% in the femoral neck despite growth arrest. He progressively recovered from back @entity158 and is now, at age 20, fully ambulant, studying mechanical engineering, without neurologic sequelaes and free of glucocorticoids. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the @entity5 had disappeared. This case proves that treatment of symptomatic glucocorticoid-induced @entity170 during puberty can be rewarding, even when multiple and invalidating @entity174 already exist.

title: Recovery from severe glucocorticoid-induced XXXX in an adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['extreme back pain', 'severe back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescence mental health needs a proper monitoring. The aim is to estimate @entity146 prevalence in paediatric primary care in the Region of Valencia (Spain) and to describe its distribution according to sex, age and impact areas. METHODS: Cross-sectional research. Region of Valencia's Health Surveillance Network observed along 2009 the @entity146 in @entity1 primary health care between 3 and 14 years old. Prevalence and confidence intervals at 95% were calculated. Chi-square test (p<0,05) was calculated to explore the differences in @entity146 according to sex, age and impact areas. RESULTS: Total cases notified were 626. Out of @entity1 70% were @entity1 . The estimate overall prevalence for the population between 3-14 years old was 351 per 10.000 (IC95%: 330-372), 491(IC95%:456-525) in @entity1 and 202 (IC95%:179-226) in @entity1 . @entity2915 was the highest prevalence (85 per 10.000, CI: 74-95). The 7-10 age grup years old had the highest prevalence (428 per 10.000, IC95%:367-489). The impact in the family was 69,4% in @entity1 and 65,9% in @entity1 (p<0,5). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity146 prevalence found in paediatrics @entity1 in primary care was important, showed different epidemiologic profile as function of age and sex, and proved the family was the principal impact area.

title: [ XXXX prevalence in pediatrics primary care: region of Valencia, Spain, 2009].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders', 'Behavioral Disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Behavioral disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delayed @entity602 has been shown to decrease the need for transfusion in preterm neonates, but may delay resuscitation. The aim of this study was to determine whether umbilical cord milking compared with immediate @entity602 in extremely preterm deliveries reduces the need for neonatal red blood cell transfusion. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 admitted to a tertiary care center and expected to deliver between 24 to 28 completed weeks of gestation were randomized to cord milking before clamping or immediate @entity602 . The primary outcome was the risk of neonatal transfusion, reported as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT: Of 113 @entity1 who were enrolled and randomized, 56 were assigned to cord milking with 36 remaining eligible and completing the study and 57 were assigned to the control group with 39 remaining eligible and completing the study. Albeit not statistically significant, neonates in the cord milking group were less likely to require transfusion compared with those in the control group (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.0). Neonates whose cords were milked had higher hematocrits at birth (P=0.004) and were less likely to develop an @entity548 (P=0.0195). CONCLUSION: Milking the umbilical cord of a preterm neonate is an easy intervention with the potential to improve perinatal outcomes. Our results suggest that milking of the cord increases the neonate's initial hematocrit and may lessen the need for transfusion in the neonatal period. The observed reduction in the incidence of @entity548 may have important long-term implications that warrant further study.

title: The effects of umbilical cord milking in extremely preterm XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord clamping']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity1 with essential @entity101 often show alterations of the autonomic nervous system. We evaluated the sympathetic and parasympathetic drive to the heart in 12 mildly @entity101 @entity1 and 9 healthy subjects by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. All subjects underwent measurements of RR interval, low (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of heart rate variability, LF/HF ratio and blood pressure in the resting and sitting positions, both before and after oral @entity1338 (300 microg), a central sympatholytic agent. In the supine position before @entity1338 , @entity101 @entity1 had higher blood pressure and lower HF values than healthy subjects. @entity1338 induced increases in RR interval and HF in both groups, while LF and LF/HF ratio decreased in healthy subjects, but not in @entity101 @entity1 . On assuming the sitting position, both groups showed reductions in RR and HF and increments in LF and LF/HF. In healthy subjects, the response to the postural challenge was unaffected by @entity1338 . In contrast, @entity101 @entity1 showed no changes in LF and LF/HF ratio, and a significantly lower decrease in HF. These differences were probably due to the existence of two subsets of @entity1 , one exhibiting similar responses to @entity1338 as healthy subjects, and the other showing no appreciable response to the drug. These results suggest that @entity101 @entity1 have an altered sympatho-vagal balance to the heart, which can be unmasked by @entity1338 . This phenomenon should be taken into account to achieve a better control of the overall cardiovascular risk of @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity1338 on power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in mild essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of CT in complicated childhood @entity55 and its role in early intervention when chest radiography (CXR) is non-contributory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two immunocompetent @entity1 , aged 1-11 years, admitted for community-acquired @entity55 from October 1997 to September 1999, had 42 contrast-enhanced CT scans and frontal chest radiographs on the same day, which were assessed independently. CT was performed when the @entity1 remained unwell and the CXR images showed failure of resolution despite 7-10 days of antibiotics and/or drainage with urokinase therapy. RESULTS: Compared to CT, CXR revealed suboptimal accuracy rates of lobar involvement (84%), chest tube placement (73%), fluid loculation (42%), @entity733 formation (40%) and bronchopleural fistulae (33%). It could not assess parenchymal or @entity456 such as cavitary @entity39 , early @entity3509 or @entity2294 . On the basis of the CT findings and poor clinical progress, 16 @entity1 underwent surgical intervention with the aid of video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS). The CT features correlated well with surgical findings. Ten cases required pleural decortication while six with destructive or @entity358 had surgical resection. Debridement was difficult when the pleura had become thick and fibrotic. @entity328 was the offending organism in 81% of cases. The right side was affected in 67% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In complicated childhood @entity55 , CT is far superior to CXR in revealing @entity456 , which may require early surgical intervention.

title: The value of early CT in complicated childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['abscess formation, empyemas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and parenchymal complications', 'pleural complications']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Brain SPECT imaging was performed in 13 @entity1 with @entity306 (6 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; age, 7-17 years) due to perinatal @entity1763 with @entity1032 and involved limbs were studied. The involved coronal slices were summated to a picture for the calculation of the perfusion defect indices as the quantitative and objective estimation of the perfusion defects in each brain. The records of IQ tests were scored from severe to mild @entity1032 . Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians analyzed the results of the Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs by visual interpretation. The involved limbs were judged by two pediatricians to be either the right or left side. The relationship among the Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs, IQ test, and physical examinations of the extremities were established. The results showed that two cases of mild @entity1032 had the smaller perfusion defect indices (< 0.1), six cases of severe @entity1032 had the larger perfusion defect indices (> 0.30), and the other group was between the first two groups. Two cases of mild @entity1032 did not have significant perfusion defects in the brain and involved limbs, and two cases with decreased visual acuity had definite perfusion defects in the occipital regions. The other cases had the matched perfusion defects of the brain with the involved limbs. The authors encourage the potential use of Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECTs to predict the outcome of mental development and limb involvement.

title: The relationship among the quantitative perfusion-defect indices in Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT, IQ test, and involved extremities in @entity1 with @entity306 due to perinatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if in @entity1 with single brain metastasis the addition of neurosurgery to radiotherapy leads to lengthening of survival or to better quality of life. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1985 to 1990, 66 @entity1 with single brain metastasis from a solid @entity5 were entered in a randomized trial of neurosurgery plus radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone. @entity1 were stratified for @entity2 vs. other sites of @entity5 and for progressive vs. stable systemic @entity5 . Radiotherapy was given to the whole brain by a novel scheme of two fractions of 2 Gy per day for a total dose of 40 Gy in 2 weeks, to obtain a relatively high total dose and short overall time, with minimal risk of late damage to normal tissue in long-term survivors. RESULTS: In the whole group of 63 evaluable @entity1 , both with @entity2 as with other @entity5 , the combined treatment led to a better duration of survival (median 10 vs. 6 months; p = 0.04). The largest difference between both treatment arms was observed in @entity1 with inactive @entity85 (median 12 vs. 7 months; p = 0.02). @entity1 with active @entity85 had an equal median survival of only 5 months, irrespective of given treatment. Age proved to be a strong and independent prognostic factor: @entity1 older than 60 years had a hazard ratio of dying of 2.74 (p = 0.003) compared with younger @entity1 . Following treatment, most @entity1 remained functionally independent until a few weeks before @entity204 . In the majority of @entity1 the cause of @entity204 was systemic @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with single brain metastasis and with controlled or absent extracranial @entity5 activity should be treated with surgery and radiotherapy, especially when they are younger than 60 years. For @entity1 with progressive @entity85 , radiotherapy alone seems to be sufficient. The accelerated radiotherapy scheme of 40 Gy in 2 weeks to the whole brain is tolerated well and should also be considered for @entity1 in a good performance status with surgically unaccessible single metastasis or even with multiple brain metastases.

title: The choice of treatment of single brain metastasis should be based on extracranial XXXX activity and age.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 was admitted with palpitations and @entity1163 . His medical history included @entity101 and @entity4346 . Arterial pulsation was not palpable on admission. Electrocardiography revealed @entity1165 , and cardioversion restored normal sinus rhythm. An electrophysiological study reproducibly induced polymorphic @entity1165 , so a cardioverter defibrillator was implanted. Echocardiography revealed @entity67 and an apical @entity439 , and Doppler color flow imaging showed a diastolic paradoxic jet from the apex toward the base. Coronary angiography showed no stenosis of the extramural coronary arteries. @entity1165 on admission showed a @entity714 pattern and a superior @entity2270 deviation, so the @entity943 was thought to originate from the apical @entity439 . @entity439 can result from elevated intraventricular pressure or relative @entity741 . This is a rare case of @entity1121 with @entity67 complicated with apical @entity439 and polymorphic @entity1165 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity67 complicated with apical left ventricular aneurysm and @entity1165 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Apical aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['mid-ventricular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: There has been a recent increase in the diagnosis of in situ duct @entity0 ( @entity3821 ) as a result of mammographic screening. @entity3821 is heterogeneous in appearance and likely in prognosis. There is no generally accepted model to predict progression to @entity189 . We investigated the prognostic effect of clinical presentation and pathologic factors for @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity3821 . A cohort of 124 @entity1 was accrued between 1979 and 1994 and was followed to 1997; 78 had @entity3821 detected mammographically, and 88 underwent lumpectomy alone. In this article, we provide details about characteristics affecting the choice of primary therapeutic modality, and we examine the effects of factors on progression for the two @entity1 subgroups. Presentation with bloody nipple discharge was associated with a significant increase in @entity3821 recurrence (p=0.07). The pattern of duct distribution was important: @entity3821 in which the involved ducts were more widely separated had a significantly greater recurrence of @entity3821 than when the involved ducts were more concentrated (p=0.08 for mammographically detected @entity3821 , p=0.07 for @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy alone). For mammographically detected @entity3821 , younger @entity1 had more @entity3821 recurrence (p=0.07). We found considerable heterogeneity in nuclear grade; 50% of @entity1 exhibited more than one grade. Nuclear grade, @entity39 , and architecture were not significantly associated with either recurrence of @entity3821 or development of @entity189 . Longer follow-up will allow further evaluation of the prognostic relevance of the factors assessed.

title: In situ duct XXXX : clinical and histopathologic factors and association with recurrent @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: Patterns of growth and body proportions were studied in 75 @entity1 receiving @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and hematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) before onset of puberty. Of the 19 @entity1 receiving GH, only data obtained before onset of GH were included. Thirty-two @entity1 reached final height (FH). Median change in height SD score ( @entity214 ) between @entity8 and FH was -1.7 in @entity1 and -1.1 in @entity1 . Peak height velocity (PHV) was decreased in the majority of the @entity1 (median PHV 5.7 cm/y in @entity1 and 5.3 cm/y in @entity1 ), even though it occurred at appropriate ages. Changes in body proportions were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models. Decrease in sitting height @entity214 did not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , decrease in leg length @entity214 was of comparable magnitude, whereas, in @entity1 , decrease in leg length was less pronounced, leading to a significant decrease in @entity214 for sitting height/height ratio in @entity1 only. The sex-specific effects of several variables on height @entity214 were analyzed by linear mixed-effects modeling, showing a slightly faster decrease in younger @entity1 and a more pronounced decrease during puberty in @entity1 compared with @entity1 . We conclude that 1) younger @entity1 are more susceptible to @entity851 after @entity348 and @entity8 , 2) pubertal growth is more compromised in @entity1 , and 3) leg growth is relatively less affected in @entity1 , possibly due to a high incidence of @entity177 in @entity1 .

title: Patterns of growth and body proportions after XXXX and hematopoietic @entity8 during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total-body irradiation']


abstract: A correlation of the angiographic evolution of @entity3979 ( @entity850 diameter > or = 20%) with morphological @entity850 parameters at baseline could help to identify the risk of progressive stenoses. Therefore, the data of the prospective INTACT study (International @entity594 Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy) were reviewed. In 348 @entity1 with moderate @entity453 , standardized coronary angiograms were taken 3 years apart and were quantitatively analysed. Changes in the minimal diameter of the 1063 preexisting @entity3979 compared between both angiograms were set in relation to a number of conventional @entity850 parameters at baseline. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation of the changes in minimal diameter with baseline % diameter @entity850 (r = 0.30; P < 0.001), minimal diameter (r = -0.28; P < 0.001) and reference diameter of stenoses (r = -0.14; P < 0.001). The changes were not correlated with @entity850 length and plaque area. The baseline parameters of 22 preexisting stenoses progressing to occlusions differed from those remaining patent only with regard to the % diameter @entity850 (43 +/- 9% vs 39 +/- 11%; P < 0.05). Additional progression of @entity301 became manifest through development of 228 stenoses and 19 occlusions at arterial sites free from definitive stenoses in the baseline angiograms. Thus, progression of @entity731 predominantly occurred in mild preexisting @entity3979 and developed at previously angiographically normal sites. Since the conventional angiographic parameters analysed in this study failed to identify individual arterial sites with an increased risk for progression, definition of new angiographic parameters or application of new techniques seem mandatory to this end.

title: Evolution of XXXX is related to baseline severity--a prospective quantitative angiographic analysis in @entity1 with moderate @entity301 . INTACT Investigators. International @entity594 Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenoses']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenoses']


abstract: Resistant variants of the @entity1 leukaemic line K562 were developed using selection with the @entity37131 analogues @entity2592 , @entity8778 , @entity3118 and @entity136 . The resistant lines displayed a high degree of cross resistance to all @entity37131 analogues, with little or no cross resistance to other agents. There was a profound accumulation defect of all @entity2353 analogues in the resistant variants but no significant defect in @entity2353 transport in any of the variants. 5' nucleotidase activity was strongly increased and @entity7090 kinase activity was moderately reduced in all of the resistant variants, resulting in reduced accumulation of @entity6224 analogues. In addition a deletion in one of the alleles of the @entity7090 kinase was detected in the @entity3118 -resistant line. @entity2151 reductase activity was found to be strongly increased in the @entity136 -selected line and purine @entity2353 phosphorylase was increased in the @entity8778 -selected line. Free @entity377 pools were increased in the @entity8778 -selected line. There was no expression of the @entity1262 gene by the resistant lines. Karyotypic analysis and FISH experiments using a 6q21 specific probe showed alterations in the 6(q16-q22) region which contains the @entity18615 gene. Early events in the activation and degradation of @entity37131 analogues appear to constitute common mechanisms of resistance to these compounds.

title: Common resistance mechanisms to XXXX analogues in variants of the @entity1 erythroleukaemic line K562.

entities_list: @entity6224 :: ('MESH:C005692', 'Chemical') :: ['triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chlorodeoxyadenosine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity7090 :: ('MESH:D003841', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycytidine']

entities_list: @entity37131 :: ('CHEBI:18274', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxynucleoside']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity37131 :: (CHEBI:18274,Chemical) :: ['deoxynucleoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of @entity6518 to @entity791 -associated @entity4988 . DESIGN: Prospective assessment of @entity1 with @entity791 . SETTING: An urban county hospital (Los Angeles _ University of Southern California Medical Center. USA). @entity1 : Four groups of @entity1 with @entity791 were studied: (1) @entity1 with normal serum albumin (> or = 3.9 g/dl) and normal bowel habits; (2) @entity1 with normal serum albumin and @entity294 (> or = four loose or watery stools per day for > or = 2 weeks); (3) @entity1 with @entity4988 (< or = 3.0 g/dl) and normal bowel habits; and (4) @entity1 with @entity4988 and @entity294 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration was used as a measure of protein loss in the gut. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4988 had a significantly higher mean fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration than those with normal albumin (10.8 +/- 3.0 mg/g dry stool versus 2.4 +/- 0.4 mg/g dry stool; P < or = 0.001). Although mean fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were similar in @entity1 with and without @entity294 in the normal albumin group, @entity1 with @entity4988 and @entity294 had significantly higher levels of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin than those with @entity4988 and normal bowel habits (17.3 +/- 5.8 mg/g dry stool versus 4.6 +/- 1.0 mg/g dry stool; P = 0.009). Twelve out of 36 (33%) @entity1 with normal albumin had elevation of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin compared with 33 (70%) of 47 @entity1 with @entity4988 (P < or = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between serum albumin and fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration (r = -0.38; P < or = 0.001). Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3137 visualized at upper endoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy than in those without gross abnormalities (13.5 +/- 5.8 mg/g dry stool versus 2.4 +/- 0.7 mg/g dry stool; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: @entity6518 is common in @entity1 with @entity791 and may contribute to the development of @entity4988 in these @entity1 .

title: @entity6518 and XXXX in @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['Protein-losing enteropathy', 'protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity4988 :: (MESH:D034141,Disease) :: ['hypoalbuminemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a @entity179 that selectively affects motor neurons in the cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. The precise pathogenic mechanism remains unknown, and there is currently no effective therapy. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of @entity1 @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) in an animal model of @entity746 . @entity1 abdominal subcutaneous fat tissues were obtained by simple liposuction from donors, and @entity1386 were isolated from the fat stromal vascular fraction. @entity1386 were found to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and neurons. @entity182 G93A @entity746 @entity19 were divided into three groups: sham, intravenous (IV), and intracerebroventricular (ICV) groups. @entity1 @entity1386 were transplanted in the @entity746 @entity19 at 70 postnatal days before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Behavior of transplanted animals was assessed by rotarod test, paw grip endurance (PaGE), and reflex index. @entity19 in every group were sacrificed after 4 weeks posttransplantation. Transplanted @entity1386 were identified in the lumbar spinal cords with an antihuman mitochondria antibody and cell type-specific markers for neurons or astrocytes. Delayed onset of clinical symptoms (26 days) and extended survival of animals (24 days) were observed in @entity746 @entity19 transplanted with @entity1386 via ICV route. @entity1386 were found to secrete high levels of neurotrophic factors such as NGF, @entity9140 , @entity7424 , and @entity1611 . Reduction of apoptotic cell death by these factors was confirmed in cultured CNS cells and in the @entity746 spinal cord. These results indicate that transplantation of @entity1386 in @entity746 @entity19 provides neuroprotective effects by production of cytokines/growth factors, delays disease progression, and prolongs the life span of @entity746 @entity19 .

title: Transplantation of XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Delays Clinical Onset and Prolongs Life Span in @entity746 @entity19 Model.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['ASCs', 'adipose tissue-derived stem cells']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity5345 gene result in an elevated risk of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). However, risk estimates vary depending on the study population and statistical methodology used, and there are indications that the birth cohort and location of the mutation influence @entity5 risk. We investigated the risks for @entity0 and @entity43 associated with @entity5345 mutations in a young cohort of female mutation carriers who were identified by molecular genetic testing and belonged to a genetically heterogeneous Central European population. The study included 106 healthy and 158 affected carriers identified at an Austrian risk evaluation center. Risk estimation employed the product limit method. The log rank test was used to compare different strata. The risk of developing @entity5 to age 70 was found to be 85% for @entity0 (95% CI 75-97%) and 53% for @entity43 (95% CI 37-68%). Female mutation carriers born in 1958 or later were subject to a significantly higher risk of @entity0 (P=0.005; 27% vs. 46% to age 40) and @entity43 (P=0.006; 2% vs. 8% to age 40) than those born earlier. Mutations in exon 11 were associated with lower @entity0 risk than mutations in exons 1-10 (P=0.008) and exons 12-24 (P=0.0006). @entity43 risk was not influenced by mutation location (P=0.86). We conclude that female @entity5345 mutation carriers should be counseled about their cohort-dependent @entity5 risk. Further research into variables that affect @entity5 risk and are amenable to modification (e.g., lifestyle-related factors) should be considered a priority.

title: Younger birth cohort correlates with higher breast and ovarian cancer risk in European XXXX mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic capsular release is used to treat @entity2585 (frozen shoulder) that is refractory to nonoperative treatment or manipulation under anesthesia. The role of arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery or @entity174 is less clearly understood. The purposes of this study were to define the outcome of arthroscopic capsular release in the management of frozen shoulder after surgery or @entity174 and to compare these results with those of arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of @entity2585 . METHODS: We evaluated the results of arthroscopic capsular release in three different groups of @entity1 with shoulder contracture refractory to nonoperative management and manipulation under anesthesia. The three groups consisted of @entity1 who had an @entity2585 , shoulder stiffness after surgery, or shoulder stiffness after @entity174 . We evaluated @entity158 , function, @entity1 satisfaction, and range of motion in all three groups before and after the study treatment. RESULTS: At a mean of twenty months (range, twelve to forty-six months) after the operation, fifty @entity1 were available for assessment of function and range of motion of the involved shoulder. At the time of follow-up, each group had a significant improvement in the scores for @entity158 , @entity1 satisfaction, and functional activity as well as in the overall outcome score (p < 0.01). Comparison of the scores among the different groups revealed that all had a similar degree of improvement in range of motion of the involved shoulder, but @entity1 with postoperative frozen shoulder had significantly (p < 0.05) lower scores for @entity158 (p < 0.03), @entity1 satisfaction (p < 0.004), and functional activity (p < 0.002) than did those with idiopathic or post- @entity174 frozen shoulder. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic capsular release was as effective for improving range of motion in @entity1 with postoperative contracture of the shoulder as it was in @entity1 with idiopathic and post- @entity174 contracture. However, there was less improvement in the subjective scores for @entity158 , function, and @entity1 satisfaction in the postoperative group.

title: Arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of refractory postoperative or post- XXXX shoulder stiffness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic adhesive capsulitis', 'idiopathic frozen shoulder']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The results of operative resection of a post-traumatic @entity19386 performed by one surgeon in eighteen limbs of seventeen consecutive @entity1 during an eight-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The resection was performed an average of nineteen months after the injury; eight limbs had the resection less than twelve months after the injury. A free fat graft was used in the first eight @entity1 . No adjuvant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication or low-dose radiation was used postoperatively as prophylaxis against @entity2736 . We classified the proximal radioulnar synostoses into three subgroups: A indicated a @entity8213 at or distal to the bicipital tuberosity (four limbs), B indicated a @entity8213 involving the radial head and the proximal radioulnar joint (seven limbs), and C indicated a @entity8213 that was contiguous with bone extending across the elbow to the distal aspect of the humerus (seven limbs). The @entity1 were followed for an average of thirty-four months (range, twenty-four to sixty months). The @entity8213 recurred in one @entity1 , the only @entity1 in the series who had sustained a @entity6075 at the time of the @entity130 . Additional complications included a @entity174 of the ulna, a broken pin on a hinged elbow distractor, and dislodgment of a free nonvascularized fat graft in one @entity1 each. The seventeen limbs that did not have a recurrence regained an average of 139 degrees of @entity717 of the forearm. With the number of @entity1 available, we could not detect a significant relationship between subsequent @entity717 of the forearm and the size of the @entity8213 , the use of interpositional fat, or the concomitant use of a hinged elbow distractor. The eight limbs that had resection of the @entity8213 than twelve months after the injury regained an average of 144 degrees of @entity717 compared with 134 degrees in the nine limbs that had resection at least twelve months after the injury. This difference could not be shown to be significant. In this series, operative resection of a post-traumatic @entity19386 led to good results despite the lack of adjuvant radiation therapy or anti-inflammatory medication.

title: Operative treatment of post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis', 'synostosis less']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['proximal radioulnar synostosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity19386 :: (MESH:C562408,Disease) :: ['proximal radioulnar synostosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In many jurisdictions, @entity146 problems are intended for commutation. Therefore, a forensic psychiatrist has an important role in detection of malingering. While several studies evaluate diagnostic tests, it is less known what symptoms are more likely to be imitated by malingerers. METHOD: In a prospective study 45 malingerers, who were diagnosed according to interviews by two forensic psychiatrists, from defendants with a judicial order for evaluation of mental status and criminal responsibility during a period of eighteen months were examined in legal medicine center of Tehran. @entity1 were assessed in another interview to determine symptoms. @entity1109 in felony and misdemeanor groups were analyzed using fisher's exact test. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Thirty-eight malingerers were charged with misdemeanors and seven with felonies. Behavioral symptoms were most frequently faked by 35 @entity1 (77.8%). @entity1 charged with criminal accusation had a significantly lower mean age (P=0.032) and a higher level of education (P=0.008) than other non-criminal defendants. A statistically significant increase in memory function problems was demonstrated in the misdemeanor group (P=0.040). With regard to dual symptom imitation, statistically significant correlations were observed between thought content and perceptual symptoms (P=0.048) for felonies and mood _ affect and thought process symptoms (P=0.034), mood _ affect and @entity73 and behavioral symptoms (P=0.039) for misdemeanors. In general, many simulators attempted to mimic simple symptoms of @entity146 . Probably felony offenses need less accurate programming; therefore, their rates are higher in older, less educated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that differences between presenting symptoms among different offenses may not be useful in detection of malingering,; however, unusual dual symptom imitations may be useful, particularly when standard tests are not performed.

title: Feigned symptoms among defendants claiming XXXX problems: Survey of 45 Malingerers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral symptoms (P=0.000) and cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Dichotomous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavioral disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Although abnormalities in course and geometry (tortuosity, kinking, and coiling) of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) are commonly identified, their etiology and relationship with @entity64 and @entity64 risk factors remain unclear This study assessed the clinical and ultrasonographic features of the @entity1 with abnormalities in course and geometry of the ICA. Carotid color duplex ultrasound studies of 345 consecutive @entity1 referred to the Neuroultrasound Lab were prospectively evaluated. Abnormalities in direction and course of the ICA were classified according to the criteria of Weibel-Fields and Metz modified by the authors. Kinking was categorized as mild (> 60 degrees), moderate (30 degrees-60 degrees), and severe (< 30 degrees). @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were found in 85/345 (24.6%), 60/85 (70.6%) were female. More @entity66 were seen in females older than 60 y/o (p < 0.001), but there was no gender difference in @entity1 60 y/o or younger @entity66 were bilateral in 41 @entity1 (48%), but in those with unilateral @entity66 , most were on the left. The most common @entity66 was kinking (71 arteries, 56%), followed by tortuosity (48 arteries, 38%), and coiling (7 arteries, 6%). None of the @entity731 or risk factors was associated with @entity66 . Mild @entity1856 plaques predominated in @entity1 with @entity66 , but moderate and large plaques were more common in the others (p = 0.001). Maximal systolic velocity at the level of @entity66 was higher in @entity1 with kinking or coiling compared with tortuosity (p = 0.001). Lumen diameter at the level of @entity66 was inversely correlated to the severity of @entity66 (p < 0.001). However, @entity543 was equally present in all groups. This study suggests that @entity66 have no clear importance as a @entity64 risk factor or marker of @entity731 . Our results suggest that @entity66 do not develop as a consequence of vascular risk factors or @entity731 , and they are not related to @entity385 , @entity4905 or the presence of @entity543 . In @entity1 , @entity66 was related with advanced age. It appears that @entity66 frequently identified by color duplex sonography are more of curiosity than a clinically significant finding.

title: Carotid artery tortuosity, kinking, coiling: XXXX risk factor, marker, or curiosity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'Carotid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic vascular diseases', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generalised @entity170 is often described in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate disease related determinants of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Subjects were selected from a group of 147 @entity1 with recent onset @entity309 . Disease activity and functional capacity were studied prospectively in this cohort. Activity of the disease was assessed once every three months by various parameters, and functional capacity was measured with a health assessment questionnaire once every six months. Ninety seven @entity1 consented to participate in the study. Bone mineral density was assessed with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, in a combined region of interest in the hips, and in Ward's triangle. Multiple linear regression procedures were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Duration of @entity309 was negatively associated with @entity79 at all three sites of measurement. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the six months before @entity79 measurement was negatively associated with @entity79 in the hip and in Ward's triangle. Other parameters of disease activity were not related to @entity79 . The mean health assessment questionnaire score in the 18 months before @entity79 measurement was negatively associated with @entity79 in the combined hip region only. Bone mineral density tended to be decreased when @entity1 were compared with a normal reference group, especially in the femoral regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that @entity79 may be affected in @entity1 with recent onset @entity309 by disease dependent mechanisms. Several factors have been suggested elsewhere as determinants of @entity79 in @entity309 . The results of this study show that disease duration, disease activity, and functional impairment may, independently of each other, contribute to @entity604 , especially in the proximal femur.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1 with recent onset XXXX : influence of disease activity and functional capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We previously reported that beta-SQAG9 liposome, a @entity45238 extracted from sea urchin intestines, had a protective effect against @entity99 reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we made a detailed investigation of this protective effect and its mechanism. @entity35 were pretreated either with beta-SQAG9 liposome (treated group) or with @entity1391 -buffered saline solution (control group). Thereafter, they were subjected to partial hepatic I/R. The serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, and @entity880 dehydrogenase were measured, and histological damage was evaluated with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. To investigate the protective mechanism of beta-SQAG9 liposome on I/R injury, the serum levels and the tissue messenger RNA levels of @entity1505 and @entity3426 were measured, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration was histologically evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, to investigate an interaction between beta-SQAG9 liposome and @entity20222 on PMNs, flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence were performed. beta-SQAG9 liposome reduced the hepatic I/R injury. The pretreatment with beta-SQAG9 liposome reduced the PMN infiltration into the liver parenchyma. On the other hand, there was no apparent difference in the serum levels and the tissue messenger RNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines between the two groups. Thus, beta-SQAG9 liposome might reduce the hepatic I/R injury by inhibition of the PMN infiltration into the liver parenchyma, which was independent of the regulation of cytokine production. Moreover, we demonstrated that beta-SQAG9 liposome specifically bound to @entity20222 on PMN cell surface, which mediated the PMN infiltration. beta-SQAG9 liposome might competitively antagonize @entity20222 on PMNs and suppress the subsequent PMN infiltration, resulting in the reduction in I/R injury.

title: Protective mechanism of beta-SQAG9 liposome, a XXXX extracted from sea urchin intestines, against @entity99 reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity45238 :: ('MESH:C024615', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonoglycolipid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity45238 :: (MESH:C024615,Chemical) :: ['sulfonoglycolipid']


abstract: @entity12180 ( @entity12180 ) has been suggested to have a presynaptic effect on cholinergic terminals in the @entity35 hippocampus, which results in an activation of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) synthesis. Recently, a @entity12180 -related novel peptide, @entity19381 was isolated from the ovine hypothalamus, and we previously demonstrated in the @entity35 that @entity19381 binding site densities were high in the hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity12180 and @entity19381 on the release of @entity1617 from the @entity35 hippocampus. We succeeded in detecting the spontaneous release of @entity1617 from the dorsal hippocampus in the conscious @entity35 using microdialysis and HPLC-ECD. @entity12180 , @entity11697 and @entity11697 were applied through a microinjection cannula placed in a region adjacent to the tip of a microdialysis tube. Injections of @entity12180 , @entity11697 and @entity11697 (12, 120 pmol) resulted in dose-related increases in @entity1617 release. The ability to enhance @entity1617 release was @entity12180 > @entity11697 > @entity11697 . The increased release of @entity1617 caused by these peptides was highly @entity460 -dependent. @entity1022 (10(-6) M) added to the perfusion medium significantly reduced both the release of @entity1617 enhanced by these peptides and the basal release. The present results suggest that @entity12180 , @entity11697 and @entity11697 presynaptically stimulate cholinergic activity in the hippocampus, which may be reflected by an increase in @entity1617 synthesis to maintain releasable terminal stores of @entity1617 .

title: Effects of @entity12180 ( @entity12180 ) and @entity19381 ( @entity19381 ) on the spontaneous release of XXXX from the @entity35 hippocampus by brain microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity19381 :: ('24166(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)', 'PACAP']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12180 :: ('117064(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7995 is rare in childhood. Frequently (35-52% of all cases depending on the series) they have, during their clinical course, foci of @entity17 leading to the clinical picture of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Since 1993, the @entity7995 study group has recommended treatment with high doses of corticosteroids, since this seemed to stop progression, improve long-term results and delay the appearance of @entity15 . The course of our @entity1 was better than we expected. CLINICAL CASE: A 10 year old prepubertal @entity1 complained of progressive @entity1018 and slight @entity3856 for 26 days before admission to hospital. On examination there was obvious @entity1829 of the right ocular fundus with total loss of the pupillary light reflex, together with @entity735 . Study of the visual evoked potentials (VEP) showed that there was marked delay of the @entity7286 wave, and a lower amplitude in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging did not show any demyelinated focus. Serological testing for neurotropic viruses was negative. CONCLUSIONS: After the initial phase of intravenous treatment (third day) there was subjective recovery of vision and the pupillary light reflex returned. VEP studies showed marked recovery. Thirty days after treatment was started there was almost complete subjective and VEP recovery. This rapid progress, as compared to that of other paediatric cases published, suggests a mechanism involving decompression of the optic nerve.

title: [Response to high dose corticosteroids in a @entity1 with bilateral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'Optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['consensual hyporeflexia of the left eye']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the recurrences of @entity955 in @entity1 treated with @entity2778 or @entity5126 . METHODS: After conversion to sinus rhythm, 121 @entity1 with @entity955 were randomized to @entity2778 (58 @entity1 ) or @entity5126 (63 @entity1 ) and followed-up during 6 months. Symptoms and ventricular rates on the 12 lead electrocardiogram of the arrhythmic events were compared between the two groups. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were analyzed as predictors of @entity955 recurrence. RESULTS: Seventeen (14%) @entity1 relapsed into @entity955 ; 7 (12%) were treated with @entity2778 and 10 (16%) with @entity5126 . Recurrence occurred later in the @entity2778 group (median 69 days) in comparison with the @entity5126 group (median 10 days) (p = 0.04). Symptoms were present in 14 (82%) @entity1 during the initial crisis and in 10 (47%) during recurrence. Recurrence was less symptomatic during antiarrhythmic therapy (p < 0.04), with no statistical differences between the two groups. Only @entity1 treated with @entity2778 had ventricular rates during the recurrences lower than during initial crisis (p < 0.02). All variables failed to predict recurrence of @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible demonstrate differences between @entity2778 and @entity5126 for the prevention of @entity955 . Recurrence was less symptomatic during antiarrhythmic therapy. @entity1 treated with @entity2778 relapsed to @entity955 later and had ventricular rates during recurrences significantly lower than during the initial crisis.

title: [Analysis of @entity955 recurrence during therapy with XXXX or @entity5126 . Researchers of +SOCESP].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sutures and synchondroses, the @entity82 found in the skulls of vertebrates, have been studied for many biological applications at the morphological scale. However, little is known about these articulations at the microscopic scale in non- @entity1 vertebrates, including extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians). The major goals of this paper were to: (i) document the microstructure of some sutures and synchondroses through ontogeny in archosaurs; (ii) compare these microstructures with previously published sutural histology (i.e. that of mammals); and (iii) document how these articulations with different morphological degrees of closure (open or obliterated) appear histologically. This was performed with histological analyses of skulls of @entity6498 , @entity20085 , a fossil crocodilian and ornithischian dinosaurs (hadrosaurids, pachycephalosaurids and ceratopsids). @entity6498 and mammals possess a sutural periosteum until sutural fusion, but it disappears rapidly during ontogeny in @entity20085 . This study identified seven types of sutural mineralized tissues in extant and extinct archosaurs and grouped them into four categories: periosteal tissues; acellular tissues; fibrous tissues; and intratendinous tissues. Due to the presence of a periosteum in their sutures, @entity6498 and mammals possess periosteal tissues at their sutural borders. The mineralized sutural tissues of crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs are more variable and can also develop via a form of @entity39 for acellular tissues and @entity4648 for fibrous and intratendinous tissues. It was hypothesized that @entity17523 , like the @entity20085 , lacked a sutural periosteum and that their primary mode of ossification involved the direct mineralization of craniofacial sutures (instead of intramembranous ossification found in mammals and birds). However, we keep in mind that a bird-like sutural microstructure might have arisen within non-avian saurichians. While synchondroseal histology is relatively similar in archosaurs and mammals, the microstructural differences between the sutures of these two clades are undeniable. Moreover, the current results suggest that the degree of sutural closure can only accurately be known via microstructural analyses. This study sheds light on the microstructure and growth of archosaurian sutures and synchondroses, and reveals a unique, undocumented histological diversity in non-avian dinosaur skulls.

title: Comparative histology of some craniofacial sutures and skull-base synchondroses in XXXX and their extant phylogenetic bracket.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous and cartilaginous articulations']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity20085 :: ('8496', 'Species') :: ['American alligators', 'American alligator']

entities_list: @entity17523 :: ('MESH:D001715', 'Disease') :: ['non-avian dinosaurs']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

answer: @entity17523 :: (MESH:D001715,Disease) :: ['non-avian dinosaurs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase our understanding of factors underlying the decision to store gametes after the diagnosis of @entity5 . DESIGN: Qualitative interview study. SETTING: Andrology, Haematology, and Oncology Departments of a Scottish teaching hospital, and @entity1 ' own homes. POPULATION: Sixteen @entity1 and 18 @entity1 aged 17-49 years recently diagnosed with @entity5 ; 15 health professionals concerned in @entity5 care. METHODS: Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Topics included perceptions of diagnosis; prognosis; future reproductive choices; priorities; quality of information received; communication and decisions made about future reproductive choices; and the role of partners, family, friends and healthcare professionals. Professional interviews examined their role in decision making and that of protocols and guidelines, together with information emerging from @entity1 interview analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Themes identified following analysis of interview transcripts. RESULTS: The primary barriers to pursuing fertility preservation were the way in which information was provided and the 'urgent need for treatment' conveyed by staff. Survival was always viewed as paramount, with future fertility secondary. Sperm banking was viewed as 'part and parcel' of oncology care, and the majority of @entity1 quickly stored sperm as 'insurance' against future @entity249 . Few @entity1 were afforded the opportunity to discuss their options, reflecting clinicians' reservations about the experimental nature of egg and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and the need for partner involvement in embryo storage. CONCLUSIONS: Significant gaps in the information provided to young @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 suggest the need for an early appointment with a fertility expert.

title: Factors affecting decision making about fertility preservation after XXXX diagnosis: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proteolysis and formation of new extracellular matrix components are important mechanisms in tissue remodeling and repair. In this study we analyzed the expression and distribution of the urokinase plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ), its membrane receptor ( @entity10431 [ @entity10431 ]), and its inhibitor ( @entity2289 [ @entity2289 ]) in @entity656 in @entity1 beings. In addition, we studied the concomitant expression of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), which is activated by @entity2290 from its precursor and is a potent regulator and stimulator of formation of extracellular matrix. METHODS: With immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis, the expression and cellular distribution of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , @entity2289 , and @entity2533 were determined in 12 normal pancreata obtained from organ donors and 12 pancreatic tissues obtained from @entity1 undergoing operation because of complications of @entity656 . RESULTS: Northern blot analysis showed enhanced expression of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 in eight of 12, seven of 12, and nine of 12 necrotizing @entity788 samples, respectively, compared with normal control samples. In addition, increased @entity2533 mRNA expression was present in eight of 12 necrotizing @entity788 samples. In contrast, amylase mRNA expression was markedly decreased in the samples of @entity656 . Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 immunoreactivity in the remaining acinar and ductal cells adjacent to the @entity39 tissue areas. In contrast, acinar and ductal cells that were located farther from @entity39 exhibited less @entity2290 and @entity10431 immunoreactivity. A similar staining pattern in samples of necrotizing @entity788 was found for @entity2533 . CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of @entity2290 and @entity10431 , which activate proteolysis, might create a milieu that enhances lysis and @entity39 . The increase in @entity2533 might result from the enhanced catalytic conversion of its precursors by @entity2290 , which subsequently might stimulate formation of extracellular matrix, formation of granulation tissue, and @entity82 .

title: The plasminogen activator/plasmin system is up-regulated after @entity656 in XXXX beings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPAR', 'urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'removal of pancreatic necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'transforming growth factor-beta-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5379 are involved in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , and increased levels occur in serum and plasma of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . It is, however, unclear whether changes in serum levels can be exploited for early detection or classification of @entity1 into different risk/disease categories. In our study, we measured concentration and activity of @entity5379 in sera of 345 donors classified as low risk (Gail score <1.7), high risk (HR) (Gail score > or =1.7), benign disease or @entity0 . Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests showed that total- @entity1476 concentration is higher in HR compared to control (p = 0.012), benign (p = 0.001) and @entity5 (p = 0.007). Active @entity1476 (aMMP2) concentration is higher in control than benign and @entity5 (p < 0.001, respectively). Total and aMMP9 concentrations are higher in @entity5 than benign (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Total- @entity1476 and total- @entity1495 activities are lower in control than benign (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) and @entity5 (p < 0.001, respectively). Total- @entity1476 and @entity1495 activities are also higher in @entity5 than benign (p = 0.004, p < 0.001) and HR (p = 0.008, p = 0.007, respectively). These results were not affected by age or inclusion/exclusion of donors with noninvasive @entity5 or @entity1373 . Linear discriminant analysis revealed that HR donors are characterized by lower total- @entity1476 and higher aMMP2. Overall group classification accuracy was 64.5%. Independent validation based on the leave-one-out cross validation approach gave an overall classification of 63%. Our study provides evidence supporting the potential role of serum @entity5379 as biomarkers for @entity1558 .

title: Circulating @entity1476 and XXXX in @entity0 -- potential role in classification of @entity1 into low risk, high risk, benign disease and @entity0 categories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP2/9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease classification']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP9']


abstract: We here report on our 10-year experience of surgery in 25 @entity1 with primary @entity242 and make an appraisal of the more effective available clinical approach. Ten @entity1 had @entity1822 , @entity1821 , and seven had other @entity5 types. Histological grading was G1 in seven @entity1 , G2 in six @entity1 and G3 in 12. Ten @entity1 (40%) underwent wide @entity5 excision, five (20%) marginal excision, four (16%) partial excision and six (24%) wedge biopsy at laparotomy. Adjacent organ resection was required in 10 of the 15 @entity1 who underwent wide or marginal resection, seven of whom had adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After wide resection, local recurrences were observed in 2/10 @entity1 ; the 10-year survival rate was 33%. Three out of five @entity1 who underwent marginal resection had local recurrences; one is alive 10 years after surgery and chemo-radiotherapy. Histological grading was the most important prognostic factor. Radical resection is the only effective available treatment for @entity242 , and @entity1 with low-grade @entity5 benefit most from it with respect to survival and local recurrence rate. The efficacy of adjuvant treatment has yet to be clarified.

title: Management of primary XXXX of the retroperitoneum.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma', 'retroperitoneal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['eight liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: The recessive @entity19 mutant @entity26601 (rv) affects the morphogenesis of the axial skeleton. The phenotype is characterized by @entity154 such as fusion of adjacent segments, hemivertebrae, or open neural arches and rib defects including fusions, forked ribs, and additional ribs. We have analyzed this mutant in detail and are able to show that defective somite patterning underlies the @entity600 . The rv mutation leads to an elongation of the presomitic mesoderm and a disruption of the anterior-posterior polarization of somites, as indicated by the abnormal expression of @entity39817 and @entity45673 . Somites are irregular in size but the overall formation of somites appears unaffected. These changes are reminiscent of somite defects obtained in loss of function alleles of the Delta-Notch pathway. Expression of the Notch pathway components @entity13186 ( @entity13186 ) and @entity45674 ( @entity45674 ) are altered in rv mutants. To investigate possible interactions of rv with components of the Notch pathway, we crossed rv into @entity13186 (lacZ). Double heterozygous (rv/+; @entity13186 (lacZ)/+) @entity19 show @entity154 and homozygous animals with one inactive @entity13186 allele (rv/rv; @entity13186 (lacZ)/+) exhibit a dramatic increase in phenotypic severity, indicating that rv and @entity13186 genetically interact. We have mapped rv to a region on chromosome 7 that is syntenic to @entity1 chromosomes 11p, 10q, and 11p. rv is phenotypically similar to @entity1 @entity600 and can serve as a model for these conditions.

title: @entity19 mutant " XXXX (rv): a defect in somite polarity.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral malformations syndromes', 'vertebral malformations']

answer: @entity26601 :: (21389(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['rib-vertebrae"']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity981 ( @entity981 ) maintenance therapy (MT) has been occasionally associated with symptomatic @entity4053 (SH), attributed to purine analog ( @entity4446 [ @entity7275 ]). This @entity4053 has been hypothesized to affect substrate utilization of gluconeogenic precursor @entity493 in the liver. CASE REPORT: An overweight 5-year-old @entity1 with @entity981 was evaluated for SH ( @entity391 ) that occurred 8-10 h after fasting while receiving daily @entity7275 . @entity2749 (>20 episodes per month) occurred predominantly around midmorning but not during the 5-day @entity619 pulse. The adrenocorticotropic hormone test yielded a normal @entity701 response, which ruled out pituitary adrenal suppression. A 12-h overnight fasting @entity413 was 49 mg/dL, with suppressed insulin response <2 IU/mL, low C-peptide of 0.5 ng/mL, @entity851 factor-binding protein >160 ng/mL, high free @entity844 of 2.64 mmol/L, and negative glucagon stimulation test (change in blood @entity413 [BG] <5 mg/dL). These results ruled out hyperinsulinism. The @entity1 was placed on cornstarch therapy 5 h prior to dosing with @entity7275 . This treatment reduced the SH events to fewer than two episodes per month. To study the efficacy of cornstarch, the @entity1 was fitted with the iPro    professional continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) with a preset low alarm at 70 mg/dL, which was worn for a period of 5 days while the @entity1 was on cornstarch. With 1,000 sensor reading the BG range was 65-158 mg/dL, and the percentage mean absolute difference between sensor and finger-stick BG readings (the parent monitored his BG four times a day) was 9.4%. There were no hypoglycemic episodes detected by the CGMS while the @entity1 was on cornstarch. After the cessation of chemotherapy, a 15-h fasting study was performed, and the CGMS was placed. Results showed resolution of @entity4053 . CONCLUSIONS: The CGMS helped us devise an effective management plan for our @entity1 . CGMS proved useful as an adjunct to characterize the pattern of @entity4053 and to validate the benefit of cornstarch in @entity4053 associated with @entity7275 treatment of @entity981 .

title: Continuous XXXX monitoring: a valuable monitoring tool for management of @entity4053 during chemotherapy for @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['high insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['lethargy and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment outcome for @entity166 , including @entity3377 , may be influenced by @entity1 awareness of the disease itself, as well as by compounding socioeconomic factors. We attempted to evaluate parameters of @entity1 awareness and disease perception in @entity3377 and the ways they influence outcome. METHODS: We used a specifically developed questionnaire assessing various parameters of @entity1 literacy on @entity3377 in 70 @entity1 with a new diagnosis of @entity3377 . @entity1 were assessed by interviewing at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Awareness and perception of the disease, willingness for epidemiologic surveillance, mode of referral, treatment preferences, and adherence were evaluated. RESULTS: Although basic disease awareness is high, willingness to collaborate in epidemiologic surveillance is limited. @entity1 education may improve adherence to treatment and willingness to undergo surveillance, but may also result in many false referrals for relapse. Level of academic education does not influence the results. Convenience is the major factor when determining treatment preferences. CONCLUSION: Improving health literacy may result in improved treatment outcome and improved control of disease incidence. There is a need for constant evaluation of the quality and quantity of information distributed in order to reduce transmission of misinformation and occurrences of public @entity148 .

title: Health literacy in the field of @entity166 : the paradigm of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) are very rare @entity5 and clinicopathological data is sparse. In a Canadian series of 30 cases, extracted from the surgical pathology files of The Ottawa Hospital between 1990 and 2010, a clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic analysis was conducted. @entity5 were staged using the Ann Arbor staging and classified using the World Health Organization 2008 classification. There were 15 salivary gland (SG) primary @entity706 with @entity66 , predominantly mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type @entity1074 (MALT-L), but with a significant incidence of low grade @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and diffuse large B cell phenotype as well. There were 7 systemic @entity706 and 5 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1071 originating from intra-parotid lymph nodes. Finally, the remaining 3 cases represented reactive @entity7841 . A literature review was conducted and our primary @entity706 group was compared to those from other countries. SGLDs are predominantly B cell @entity706 that develop in older adults. @entity5 , which have MALT-L and low grade @entity706 characteristics, have a favorable survival, however MALT-L have a high rate of relapse. A minority of SG lesions are excised secondary to @entity706 that definitely arose from intra-parotid lymph nodes.

title: XXXX : a Canadian tertiary center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['sialadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders', 'SGLD', 'Salivary gland lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'FL', 'lymphoma', 'SG lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal zone lymphoma']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['Salivary gland lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: To define the clinical course of @entity1757 , 410 consecutive @entity1 with isolated @entity1757 were evaluated over a period of 13 years. Their age ranged from 12 days to 24 years at the time of first visit to the hospital. @entity1 with less than 2 years follow-up period were excluded. One hundred and fifty seven @entity1 were one year of age or less. The @entity1002 size remained the same in 52.4% of cases. In 34.4% the shunt size decreased, with complete closure of @entity1757 in 8.8%. Closure of @entity1757 was observed even in @entity1 who had initially presented with large left to right flow, and @entity712 in infancy. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction developed in 8.5% of @entity1 usually between 2 and 10 years of age. Murmur of @entity337 appeared in 8.9% on follow-up. @entity884 developed in 6 cases. The unfortunate complication of Eisemenger's complex was seen in 3 @entity1 ; they had not returned for follow up for a long period of time. Hence, our data show that the @entity1002 across the @entity1757 decreases in about one-third of @entity1 . However, a regular follow up is essential to prevent development of @entity6924 and for early detection of other complications like @entity337 and @entity3585 .

title: Clinical course of isolated XXXX : an Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenger's complex"]

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: In @entity19168 , the expression of the @entity1507 assimilation metabolism is subjected to re-pression-derepression mechanisms triggered by reduced @entity1568 compounds such as @entity3104 . To further our knowledge on the genetics of these regulatory mechanisms, a screening strategy for the isolation of mutants exhibiting @entity1507 reductase activities in the presence of reduced @entity1568 compounds was set up. This strategy makes use of a @entity1507 + @entity8776 mutant to isolate suppressors of its characteristic phenotype--the inability to grow on a @entity1507 plus @entity8776 medium. A total of 21 regulatory mutants were isolated with this strategy and grouped into five complementation classes. One of these mutants harbours the recessive mutation nmr1-1, which determines the derepression of the @entity1507 assimilation metabolism in media containing @entity1507 plus a repressing @entity1568 source ( @entity3104 , @entity8776 , @entity2227 , @entity1133 or @entity492 ). Therefore, @entity1507 reductase activities are detected in the presence of reduced @entity1568 sources, as long as @entity1507 is also in the medium. Our data indicate that the processes of repression-derepression and induction are controlled by elements which are distinct. Furthermore, they indicate that Nmrlp is involved in repressing circuits which control not only the @entity1507 -utilisation pathway, but also other pathways which are necessary for the utilisation of @entity1568 sources alternative to @entity3104 . Of considerable interest is the fact that our nmr1-1 mutant is derepressed in @entity2227 but not in @entity1160 . Since the phenotype of this mutant seems to exclude a @entity1160 synthetase defect, we suggest that @entity2227 (or a derivative of this compound) might be involved in signalling @entity1568 metabolite repression in @entity19168 . Thus, in @entity19168 , a @entity1160 -dependent circuit may co-exist with a @entity1160 -independent circuit.

title: XXXX metabolite repression in Hansenda polymorpha: the nmrl-l mutation.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity19168 :: ('870730', 'Species') :: ['Hansenula polymorpha', 'H. polymorpha']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of the modified bilobed flap in the reconstruction of zygomatic-facial massive defect after resection of @entity1489 . METHODS: Between August 2009 and October 2011, 15 @entity1 with @entity1489 in the zygomatic-facial region underwent defect reconstruction using modified bilobed flaps after surgical removal. There were 12 males and 3 females, aged 52-78 years (mean, 64.1 years). The disease duration was 1-14 months (mean, 4.6 months). Among the @entity1 , there were 11 cases of @entity1491 and 4 cases of @entity957 ; 1 @entity1 had @entity281 and the others had no skin ulceration; and @entity5 involved the skin layer in all @entity1 . According to @entity2802 staging, 13 cases were rated as T2N0M2 and 2 cases as T3N0M3. The defect size ranged from 4.0 cm x 2.5 cm to 6.5 cm x 4.0 cm after @entity5 resection. The modified bilobed flaps consisting of @entity14153 was used to repair the defect after @entity5 resection. The size ranged from 4.0 cm x 2.5 cm to 6.5 cm x 4.0 cm of the first flap and from 3.0 cm x 2.0 cm to 5.0 cm x 3.0 cm of the second flap. RESULTS: Partial incision dehiscence occurred in 1 case, and was cured after dressing change; the flaps survived and incision healed primarily in the other cases. Fourteen @entity1 were followed up 12-24 months (mean, 18.7 months). No recurrence was found, and the @entity1 had no obvious face asymmetry or skin scar with normal closure of eyelid and @entity2103 . At last follow-up, the results were very satisfactory in 5 cases, satisfactory in 7 cases, generally satisfactory in 1 case, and dissatisfactory in 1 case. CONCLUSION: The pre- and @entity14153 could be used to reconstruct the massive defects in the zygomatic-facial region after resection of @entity1489 .

title: [Reconstruction of zygomatic-facial massive defect using modified bilobed flap after resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14153 :: ('MESH:D004428', 'Disease') :: ['pre-auricular flap and post-auricular flap', 'post-auricular bilobed flaps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate response to sequential treatment schedules and risk of development of @entity302 in childhood. METHODS: All @entity1 younger than 14 years with two or more unprovoked @entity410 seen at our hospital between 1994 and 2004 were included and prospectively followed. " @entity410 control" was defined as a 2-year @entity410 -free interval without further recurrences except those related to attempts of medication withdrawal and " @entity302 " as failure of >2 drugs plus >1 @entity410 /month for > or =18 months. RESULTS: 343 @entity1 were included, 191 males and 152 females. Mean age at diagnosis was 4y 10 mo (SD 3 year 10 month). Mean follow-up period was 76.2 mo (SD 35.2). The probability of achieving " @entity410 control" was 70% and 86% at 5 and 10 years. 59% of @entity1 were "controlled" with the first drug used. Among @entity1 failing the first, second and third therapeutic regimen due to lack of efficacy, 39%, 23% and 12% respectively were finally "controlled" with subsequent treatment schedules Risk of development of @entity302 was 8% and 12% at 6 and 10 years. CONCLUSION: After failing a first drug, a significant proportion of @entity1 can still be controlled with subsequent therapeutic schedules. Only a small proportion develops @entity302 .

title: Response to sequential treatment schedules in childhood @entity302 : risk for development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ), an alkylating agent derived from @entity1011 metabolism, is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. Mid-gestational exposure to @entity7045 leads to @entity4218 in @entity19 . Previous studies have shown that nonspecific maternal immune stimulation protects against @entity7045 -induced teratogenesis. A role for immune-mediated placental improvement in this effect remains uncertain. METHODS: The immune system of timed-pregnant C57BL/6N and @entity2659 @entity19 was stimulated by @entity39633 intraperitoneal (IP) injection with the cytokine @entity60 ( @entity60 ). A teratogenic dose of @entity7045 was then administered by IP injection on the morning of GD 9 to disrupt distal limb formation. Fetal limb length, body length, @entity85 , and placental integrity were evaluated on GD 14. RESULTS: The incidence of syndactyly, @entity5767 , and interdigital webbing in @entity7045 -exposed @entity19 was decreased by maternal @entity60 treatment. In C57BL/6 @entity19 , these defects were reduced by 47, 100, and 63%, respectively, as compared to previous reports on @entity2659 @entity19 , by 39, 71, and 20%, respectively. Administration of @entity60 significantly diminished @entity7045 -induced endothelial and trophoblast placental damage in both strains of @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a possible link between maternal immunity, placental integrity, and fetal distal limb development. Further, these results suggest that @entity60 might act through placental improvement to indirectly protect against @entity7045 -induced @entity2241 .

title: Placental improvement and reduced @entity4218 by maternal @entity60 injection in @entity7044 -exposed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['distal limb defects']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['digital deformities']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal limb malformations']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is involved in an important non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway that is responsible for the highly selective turnover of cellular proteins both under basal metabolic conditions as well as stress. Protein degradation by this pathway is attributed to the 20S proteasome that forms the catalytic core of the complex. Recently there has been increasing interest in the proteasome because of its possible role in @entity528 and @entity204 . Fetal Down syndrome (DS) neurons were demonstrated to degenerate and undergo apoptosis in vitro. We therefore investigated the expression of different proteins involved in this degradative pathway, including subunits of the 20S proteasome, ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, and regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome in control and DS fetal brains by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). After 2-DE, approximately 389 protein spots were successfully identified by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS) and this was followed by quantification of twenty three proteins of the pathway. The results indicate that all but two proteins exhibited no apparent alterations in their pattern of expression. @entity46451 , an alpha subunit of the 20S proteasome (P < 0.05) and ubiquitin @entity1473 -terminal hydrolase T ( @entity22159 ), a deubiquitinating enzyme (P < 0.001) were significantly increased in fetal DS compared to controls. Whilst the expression of proteasome iota (n = 9, r = -0.9489, P = 0.0004) and proteasome epsilon (n = 9, r = -0.7227, P = 0.0311) chains was decreased with age in fetal DS brain, no significant correlation was obtained in the other proteins with age. The data suggest that such selective upregulation may have relevance to the developmental abnormalities that characterize this disorder.

title: Selective upregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway proteins, XXXX and @entity22159 in fetal Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity46451 :: ('5686', 'Gene') :: ['Proteasome zeta chain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity46451 :: (5686,Gene) :: ['proteasome zeta chain']


abstract: Commercially reared growers, finishers, and sows of Danish Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred were inoculated orally with @entity10130 at 50 eggs kg-1 body weight. @entity1547 on the serosal surface of livers and total larval recoveries from lungs were recorded 7 days later. The response in @entity1707 originating from a specific pathogen free and parasite free herd (parasite na  ve) was observed in the three different age groups and compared with age-matched @entity1707 from a herd maintained in a facility contaminated with A. suum (naturally exposed). The pre-inoculation immune status of the various groups was characterized serologically using antigen preparations derived from various stages of A. suum. Inoculation of all age groups of parasite na  ve @entity1707 with A. suum eggs produced relatively high liver white spots and lung larvae, although expression of these counts as a percentage of the inoculum showed a moderate age-related resistance from growers to finishers to sows. In contrast, @entity1707 naturally exposed to A. suum expressed strong immunity to a challenge @entity281 as few or no larvae were detected in the lungs. In addition, growers, finishers, and sows from the naturally exposed herd had significantly higher levels of serum IgG/IgA to several different A. suum antigens compared with @entity1707 from the parasite nave herd. Liver white spots, expressed as a percentage of the inoculum, were highest in growers from the naturally exposed herd but were markedly reduced in finishers and sows from that herd. In fact, few or no white spots were observed in naturally exposed sows, while sows from the parasite-na  ve herd had in excess of 300 liver white spots following challenge. These results indicate that commercially raised @entity1707 that are exposed to A. suum develop a strong protective immunity that ultimately produces a complete pre-hepatic barrier to larval migration, while @entity1707 raised parasite free remain susceptible to @entity281 .

title: Resistance to XXXX in parasite na  ve and naturally exposed growers, finishers and sows.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['White spots']

answer: @entity10130 :: (6253,Species) :: ['Ascaris suum']


abstract: Isolated retinal ganglion neuronotrophic factor (RGNTF) was used as an antigen to immunize Group A Balb/c @entity19 intraperitoneally prior to the inoculation into the anterior chamber of eye with @entity1 retinoblastomal cell line Y-79 (Rb). In Group B @entity19 , Rb cells were inoculated into the eyes before RGNTF immunization. In Group C @entity19 , empty gel without RGNTF was used in immunization 10 days after the Rb inoculation, to serve as a control. The results revealed that the inhibitory rate of Rb @entity5 development in Group A was 65% (13/20); in Group B only 10% (2/20); and in Group C 0% (0/20). The T-test for difference in the inhibitory rate between Group A and B was statistically significant (T > 2.58; P < 0.01). Sera were collected from these @entity19 and their content of the anti-RGNTF antibody was quantified by ELISA method. The results showed that the anti-RGNTF antibody titer in Group A antisera at 1:600 dilution was measured with an average optical density of 0.156 +/- 0.015; that in Group B 0.103 +/- 0.016; and that in Group C only 0.048 +/- 0.018. Those of controls for normal mouse serum and culture medium were 0.050 +/- 0.008 and 0.043 +/- 0.014, respectively. The t test for difference in the antibody titer measurements between Group A and B was statistically significant (t > t0.05; p < 0.05). Therefore, the above results indicated that active immunization of RGNTF can enhance the specific immunity against the development of @entity5 in Balb/c @entity19 , which may have clinical significance in treating @entity1 @entity995 .

title: [Anti- XXXX reaction developed in vivo through immunization of retinal ganglion neuronotrophic factor].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retinoblastomal tumor']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']