abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of international normalized ratios (INRs) maintained within the therapeutic range for @entity1 receiving chronic anticoagulation treatment with @entity1229 during inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: A consecutive, 4-month, retrospective chart review of all @entity1 receiving oral anticoagulation treatment was conducted in a large academic rehabilitation center. The percentage of INRs within and out of the therapeutic range, frequency of blood samples, length of therapy, and @entity1229 dose prescribed by physicians were calculated. A total of 181 @entity1 receiving chronic anticoagulation treatment were identified. A total of 3,709 blood samples were analyzed. In 74 @entity1 , the primary physician recommended a therapeutic range (Group 1). In the remaining 107 @entity1 , no therapeutic range was specified, and a target INR range of 2.0-3.0 was assumed (Group 2). RESULTS: In Group 1, the INRs were in the recommended range in 38.2% of all blood samples. In Group 2, 37.6% of all blood drawn was within an INR range of 2.0-3.0. Statistical analysis showed that no better accuracy was obtained when the INR range was predefined by a physician (Group 1) or assumed to be in the 2.0-3.0 range (Group 2; P = 0.839). CONCLUSIONS: Despite frequent physician monitoring, this study demonstrates the difficulty in maintaining INRs within therapeutic ranges for @entity1 receiving oral anticoagulation. An overall tendency for underdosing is observed. Improvement is necessary, given the high morbidity and mortality associated with insufficient anticoagulation in rehabilitation inpatients.

title: Dosing practices of physicians for anticoagulation with XXXX during inpatient rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Because the extent of @entity296 after acute @entity1563 is primarily dependent on wall tension, this study examined whether the decrease in systolic bulging with postextrasystolic potentiation was due to contractile reserve or to changes in loading conditions. Seven @entity235 were atrially paced at 100 beats/min after the sinus node was crushed and @entity11706 were generated. The left ventricular minor axis diameter and segment lengths in the @entity63 and nonischemic zones were measured with sonomicrometers. Wall tension was estimated using Laplace's law, and regional tension-length loops were determined. By 5 min after the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded, there was regional bulging. Postextrasystolic potentiation diminished the extent of bulging by increasing both isovolumic and ejection percent systolic shortening (isovolumic -9.1 +/- 2.0% to -5.9 +/- 1.7%, p less than 0.008; ejection 2.2 +/- 0.7% to 4.3 +/- 2.0%, p less than 0.008). The tension-length loops after @entity1563 showed an exponential upstroke and almost superimposed downstroke consistent with passive movement. The loops were unchanged by postextrasystolic potentiation. Wall tension data showed that bulging was reduced because of a shift down the tension-length curve as end-systolic wall tension was reduced by augmented nonischemic contraction. Similar results were seen at 60 min of @entity1563 . This study demonstrates that the decrease in bulging seen with postextrasystolic potentiation is due to changes in loading conditions and not to contractile reserve.

title: Effect of postextrasystolic potentiation on systolic bulging of XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial bulging']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of @entity4037 is a surgical challenge due to limited abdominal cavity. This study evaluates management of @entity4037 using @entity7502 mesh and host tissue barrier after suitable preoperative preparation. METHODS: In the period from January 2005 and January 2007, 35 @entity1 with @entity4037 underwent @entity547 repair. After careful preoperative preparation, repair was done using @entity7502 mesh. The mesh was separated from the viscera by a small part of the @entity547 sac and the greater omentum. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 52. Twenty @entity1 had post-operative incisional and 15 had @entity14147 . The mean @entity547 defect size was 16.8 cm. Mean body mass index was 33. Follow up ranged from 18-36 months. No @entity1 required ventilation after operation. Recurrent @entity2080 , which responded to repeated @entity1173 , was experienced in 4 @entity1 . @entity2737 was observed in 5 @entity1 . Small @entity547 occurred in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The use of @entity7502 and host tissue barrier after suitable preoperative preparation is relatively simple, safe, and reliable surgical solution to the problem of @entity4037 . KEYWORDS: Hernia repair; @entity4037 ; @entity7502 mesh.

title: Management of XXXX by @entity7502 mesh and host tissue barrier: trial of simplification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['Polypropylene', 'polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Minor wound infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['para-umbilical hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Giant ventral hernia', 'giant ventral hernia', 'giant ventral hernias']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['giant ventral hernia']


abstract: In vitro @entity1 monocyte differentiation to macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) is driven by @entity2841 or @entity2841 and @entity3646 , respectively. IFN regulatory factors (IRFs), especially @entity9688 and @entity41711 , are known to play essential roles in the development and functions of macrophages and DCs. In the present study, we performed cDNA microarray and Northern blot analyses to characterize changes in gene expression of selected genes during cytokine-stimulated differentiation of @entity1 monocytes to macrophages or DCs. The results show that the expression of @entity20630 mRNA, but not of other IRFs, was specifically up-regulated during DC differentiation. No differences in @entity20630 promoter histone acetylation could be found between macrophages and DCs, suggesting that the gene locus was accessible for transcription in both cell types. Computer analysis of the @entity1 @entity20630 promoter revealed several putative STAT and NF-kappaB binding sites, as well as an @entity17094 /Ets binding site. These sites were found to be functional in transcription factor-binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Interestingly, @entity7116 and @entity2451 and @entity9135 mRNAs were expressed at higher levels in DCs as compared with macrophages, and enhanced binding of these factors to their respective @entity20630 promoter elements was found in DCs. @entity20630 , together with PU.1, was also found to bind to the @entity17094 /Ets response element in the @entity20630 promoter, suggesting that @entity20630 protein provides a positive feedback signal for its own gene expression in DCs. Our results suggest that @entity20630 is likely to play an important role in myeloid DC differentiation and gene regulatory functions.

title: Differential expression of IFN regulatory factor 4 gene in XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings of mammary @entity5426 in 24 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study and waived informed consent. Twenty-four @entity1 with records in the surgical pathology database who had a diagnosis of mammary @entity5426 (n = 26) and who underwent preoperative imaging with mammography, ultrasonography (US), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were included. Mean and median ages at time of diagnosis were 40 and 38 years, respectively (range, 15-77 years). Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists with the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon and were compared with pathologic findings. Total length of follow-up (in months) was determined by the interval from the time of diagnosis to the time of last follow-up. Information on overall and disease-free survival was also obtained. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 size at time of diagnosis was 5.9 cm (range, 1-12 cm). Nineteen @entity5 manifested as a palpable mass, four manifested with progressive @entity0 , and three were asymptomatic. Mammograms of 16 @entity5 showed a noncalcified mass in eight, focal asymmetry in five, and no abnormality in three. All three mammographically occult @entity5 were visible at US and MR imaging. US images of 21 @entity5 showed a solid, frequently oval-shaped, and hyperechoic mass in 13 @entity5 and random mixed @entity2915 with associated @entity5 . Dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging of nine @entity5 showed large, lobular, and intensely and heterogeneously enhancing masses with rapid enhancement and the washout characteristics of a @entity5 . CONCLUSION: A mass that shows homogeneous or heterogeneous hyperechogenicity at US (with associated architectural distortion) and has a hypervascular, @entity548 , and heterogeneous appearance and typical malignant enhancement characteristics at MR imaging should alert the radiologist to a possible diagnosis of @entity5426 .

title: XXXX : imaging findings in 24 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast swelling']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'architectural distortion in eight tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- and hypoechogenicity']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Mammary angiosarcomas']


abstract: The current study was undertaken to assess whether @entity82 could regress under venesection therapy in @entity1 with @entity14399 homozygous @entity9595 . The 36 @entity1 studied were recruited from a subfile of our database consisting of 125 @entity14399 homozygotes with either severe @entity82 or @entity82 (F3 or F4 @entity82 stage, respectively, according to the METAVIR grading system). The second liver biopsy was performed for management of @entity96 , extrahepatic surgery, or assessment of liver @entity82 . All paired biopsies were reviewed by two pathologists without knowledge of clinical data. Among the 13 @entity1 who had F3 @entity82 on their initial liver biopsy, 3 had F0, 6 had F1, and 2 had F2 on their second liver biopsy. Among the 23 @entity1 with @entity82 on their initial liver biopsy, 1 had F0, 4 had F1, 3 had F2, and 2 had F3 on their second liver biopsy. When defining regression of @entity82 as a decrease of at least 2 METAVIR units, @entity82 regressed in 9 of 13 (69%) F3 and in 8 of 23 (35%) F4. When the ratio of gammaglobulins (g/L) to (platelets [n/mm(3)] x prothrombin activity [%]) was greater than 7.5, @entity82 never regressed. In conclusion, these data extend the concept of regression of @entity82 to @entity1 with treated @entity9595 and suggest that some simple biochemical tests would be predictive of further regression of @entity82 as a result of venesection therapy. If confirmed on larger series, this could modify the ultrasound screening policy of @entity157 in @entity9595 .

title: Reversibility of hepatic fibrosis in treated XXXX : a study of 36 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['genetic hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['genetic hemochromatosis']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 , 60-80 yr old, participated in a pharmacokinetic study to compare three doses (16, 32, and 64 mg/day, n = 8 or 9 in each group) of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) gel (0.7% hydroalcoholic gel with 2.3 g gel delivering 16 mg @entity587 ) applied daily over one upper arm (16 mg); both arms and shoulders (32 mg); and bilateral arms, shoulders, and upper abdomen (64 mg), respectively. Multiple blood samples for the pharmacokinetic profile for @entity587 and @entity251 (T) were drawn over a 24-h period before application, after first application, and after 14 days of daily application of @entity587 gel. Additional blood samples for @entity587 , T, and @entity53 were obtained 24 h after application on days 3, 5, 7, and 11 and after discontinuation of @entity587 gel for 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (days 17, 19, 21, and 28 after first instituting treatment). No skin irritation was observed in any of the subjects. Before treatment, mean serum @entity587 and T levels were not different among the three dose groups. The serum @entity587 levels increased gradually after gel application on the first day, reaching a plateau between 12-18 h. During the 14 days of daily application of @entity587 gel, the mean baseline @entity587 levels reached steady state by day 2 or 3 and were elevated considerably above baseline. Mean serum @entity587 levels varied between 8-11, 12-17, and 14-24 nmol/L in the 16-, 32-, and 64-mg groups, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of serum @entity587 levels over 24 h on day 14 were 6.0-, 6.9-, and 16.1-fold above pretreatment levels for the three doses. Concomitant with the increase in serum @entity587 levels, the AUC produced by endogenous serum T levels decreased to 75, 56, and 36% of baseline after 14 days of 16, 32, and 64 mg/day @entity587 gel. Similar patterns of decreases in AUC of serum @entity53 levels were found. The calculated mean total @entity342 levels (T + @entity587 ) rose with @entity587 gel application in all groups (P < 0.0001) on both days 1 and 14. We conclude that the three doses of @entity587 gel tested might provide adequate @entity342 replacement in hypogonadal @entity1 at the low, middle, and high physiological @entity342 (T + @entity587 ) range.

title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of three doses of percutaneous XXXX gel in healthy elderly @entity1 --a clinical research center study.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity586 :: (MESH:D013196,Chemical) :: ['dihydrotestosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An early and reliable diagnosis of metastatic spread has increased interest in serum @entity5 markers. This study investigated the ability of CA 15.3, @entity787 , and TPA to identify, predict, and exclude @entity3 in bone/viscera during adjuvant treatment and follow-up of high-risk @entity0 . METHODS: Ninety females with high-risk @entity0 were included in the study. Response evaluation was based upon clinical examination, x-rays or histology and elaborated marker criteria. RESULTS: During the marker monitoring period, @entity3 in four @entity1 were confined to skin or lymph nodes, 21 developed @entity79 , and 65 females had no evidence of @entity3 . CA 15.3, @entity787 , and TPA correctly classified 48%, 10%, and 19% of the @entity1 with @entity3 in bone/viscera, and 100%, 94%, and 98% without. Following CA 15.3, @entity787 , and TPA recurrence, 100%, 33%, and 60% of the @entity1 developed @entity3 in bone/viscera. @entity3 in bone/viscera were excluded in 86%, 76%, and 79% of @entity1 without CA 15.3, @entity787 , and @entity865 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Only CA 15.3 gave reliable information about recurrence. @entity3 in bone/viscera were identified in 10 of the 21 @entity1 with CA 15.3. There was no false-positive CA 15.3 information on the 65 @entity1 without clinical recurrence. The PVneg (86%) indicated that when CA 15.3 did not signal recurrence, @entity79 were not likely.

title: A novel method for monitoring high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 markers: CA 15.3 compared to XXXX and TPA.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['metastases to bone/viscera']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate the relationship between initial clinical response and @entity236 pattern on preprocedural magnetic resonance (MR) images in vertebral bodies selected for percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. @entity12468 was performed for @entity3814 in 80 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 72.4 years; range, 44-85 years; 67 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ; 157 vertebrae). @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the proportion of the vertebra in which the @entity236 pattern was observed on sagittal MR images: group 1, 50% or more of the vertebra; group 2, less than 50%; group 3, no @entity4 pattern observed. By using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test, groups were examined for differences in treatment efficacy, which was defined as the difference between preprocedural and postprocedural @entity158 as assessed by means of visual analog scale (VAS) score at 1-3 days after @entity12468 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were assigned to group 1, 14 to group 2, and 22 to group 3. No significant difference was seen between the groups with respect to age, sex, number of treated vertebrae, or preprocedural VAS score. In group 1, VAS score decreased from 7.5 before the procedure to 2.9 after (improvement of 4.6). In group 2, the score decreased from 6.8 to 3.1 (improvement of 3.7). In group 3, the score decreased from 7.0 to 4.3 (improvement of 2.7). Improvement was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3 (P < .005). CONCLUSION: @entity12468 resulted in significantly greater clinical improvement in @entity1 with an extensive @entity236 pattern than in those without this pattern. (c) RSNA, 2006.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: relationship between vertebral body XXXX pattern on MR images and initial clinical response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity302 is a relatively frequent disease in @entity1 , with considerable impact on cognitive and social life. Successful @entity302 surgery depends on unambiguous focus identification and requires a comprehensive presurgical workup, including several neuroimaging techniques [magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. These may be difficult to apply in younger or developmentally delayed @entity1 or both, requiring sedation, and hence, a significant workforce. Modern electric source imaging (ESI) provides accurate @entity302 source-localization information in most @entity1 , with minimal @entity1 discomfort or need for cooperation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the usefulness of ESI in pediatric EEG recordings performed with routine electrode arrays. METHODS: Preoperative EEGs recorded from 19 to 29 scalp electrodes were reviewed, and @entity302 was analyzed by using a linear source-imaging procedure (depth-weighted minimum norm) in combination with statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS: In 27 (90%) of 30 @entity1 , the ESI correctly localized the epileptogenic region. These numbers compare favorably with the results from other imaging techniques in the same @entity1 (PET, 82%; ictal SPECT, 70%). In @entity302 , ESI was correct in all cases, and in @entity1315 , in 10 of 13 cases. In two temporal lobe @entity1 showing less-accurate ESI results, 128-electrode data could be analyzed, and in both cases, the 128-electrode ESI was correct. CONCLUSIONS: ESI with standard clinical EEG recordings provides excellent localizing information in pediatric @entity1 , in particular in @entity1315 . The lower yield in @entity1315 seems to be due to undersampling of basal temporal areas with routine scalp recordings.

title: EEG source imaging in pediatric XXXX surgery: a new perspective in presurgical workup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform activity', 'epileptic', 'extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is a common and aggressive form of @entity5 . Due to a high rate of postoperative recurrence, the prognosis for @entity157 is poor. Subclinical @entity3 is the major cause of @entity5 recurrence and @entity1 mortality. Currently, there is no reliable prognostic method of invasion. AIM: To investigate the feasibility of fingerprints of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the in-vitro prediction of @entity3 . METHODS: Headspace gases were collected from 36 cell cultures ( @entity157 with high and low metastatic potential and normal cells) and analyzed using nanomaterial-based sensors. Predictive models were built by employing discriminant factor analysis pattern recognition, and the classification success was determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. The chemical composition of each headspace sample was studied using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS: Excellent discrimination was achieved using the nanomaterial-based sensors between (i) all @entity157 and normal controls; (ii) low metastatic @entity157 and normal controls; (iii) high metastatic @entity157 and normal controls; and (iv) high and low @entity157 . Several @entity157 -related VOCs that could be associated with biochemical cellular processes were identified through GC-MS analysis. CONCLUSION: The presented results constitute a proof-of-concept for the in-vitro prediction of the metastatic potential of @entity157 from VOC fingerprints using nanotechnology. Further studies on a larger number of more diverse cell cultures are needed to evaluate the robustness of the VOC patterns. These findings could benefit the development of a fast and potentially inexpensive laboratory test for subclinical @entity157 @entity3 .

title: The scent fingerprint of hepatocarcinoma: in-vitro XXXX prediction with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: As a result of an increasing number of studies on the surgical treatment of @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ), knowledge of its biological characteristics has been accumulating. We analyzed the clinicopathological features and outcome of 36 of 48 surgical @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1419 (75.0%) who underwent hepatic resection between March 1979 and July 1998. According to @entity5 location, 12 @entity1 had the central type and 24, the peripheral type. The incidence of portal vein @entity5 thrombus and lymph node @entity3 was higher in the central type than in the peripheral type. All 12 @entity1 with the central type had stage IV disease, and none of them underwent complete resection, whereas 12 of the 24 @entity1 with @entity1263 had stage IV disease; complete resection was achieved in 12 of the 24 @entity1 with @entity1263 (50%). Outcome after resection was significantly poorer in the @entity1 with the central type. The macroscopic type of lesion in the resected specimens was the mass-forming type in 15 @entity1 (41.7%), the mass-forming + periductal-infiltrating type in 15 @entity1 (41.7%), the periductal-infiltrating type in 3 @entity1 (8.3%) and the intraductal growth type in 3 @entity1 (8.3%). The macroscopic @entity5 type was associated with mode of @entity5 spread and outcome. All 3 @entity1 with the intraductal growth type are alive without @entity5 recurrence 26-138 months after surgery. The survival rate was much higher in the @entity1 with the mass-forming type than in those with the mass-forming + periductal-infiltrating type. Importantly, the outcome in the 17 @entity1 who underwent resection for stage IV-B disease and who accounted for 47.2% of @entity1 with resection in the present series was very poor, almost the same as that in the 12 @entity1 who did not undergo resection. By selecting @entity1 based on the biological characteristics of the @entity5 and taking into account @entity1 ' quality of life, complete surgical resection can be performed safely and is associated with long-term survival.

title: Clinicopathological features and outcome of hepatic resection for XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral type tumors']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Circling behaviour in unilateral @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 is interpreted as being opposite in direction to the side of the brain with highest striatal dopaminergic activation. Ipsiversive rotation indicates an action on the intact striatum, while contraversive rotation demonstrates an effect on @entity935 receptors in the denervated striatum and is taken as predictive of symptomatic benefit in @entity191 . But does an equivalent behavioural outcome result from stimulating the intact and denervated striatum to the same degree? We report on the behavioural responses produced by administration of L-dopa and the @entity1154 uptake inhibitor BTS 74,398. These were given alone, or in combination, at doses equivalent to their @entity2613 (25), @entity2613 (50) and @entity2613 (75) for inducing circling in unilateral @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 . L-dopa administered alone induced dose-dependent contraversive circling while BTS 74,398 produced @entity717 . However, L-dopa and BTS 74,398 in combination, produced the same contraversive circling response as when L-dopa was administered alone. Little or no @entity717 occurred, irrespective of the combination of doses employed. This surprising finding suggests that there are major differences in the outcome of stimulating the intact and denervated striatum with the latter dominating the behavioural response. Since repeated administration of L-dopa but not BTS 74,398, sensitises rotational responses and induces @entity910 , it may be that contraversive rotation is predictive of both clinical response in PD and the ability to induce motor complications.

title: Does contraversive circling in the XXXX -lesioned @entity35 indicate an ability to induce motor complications as well as therapeutic effects in @entity191 ?

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsiversive rotation']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Few cases of overwhelming @entity358 associated with the adult @entity649 have been reported. We describe 10 @entity1 with this condition who were treated at one center in Wisconsin. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1 presented with @entity221 , cough, and @entity1353 ; radiographic evidence of @entity358 ; and marked @entity73 . The mean alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient was 616 mm Hg. Six of the @entity1 had no underlying disease associated with altered immunity, and two had no recent exposure to environmental reservoirs of @entity12266 . In all 10 @entity1 , large numbers of broad-based budding @entity375 were seen on microscopical examination of tracheal secretions. All @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity2379 (0.7 to 1.0 mg per kilogram per day). Of the five survivors, four received full doses of @entity2379 in the first 24 hours, and four required mechanical ventilatory support for 7 to 151 days. Long-term follow-up of three survivors showed good recovery of pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS: Overwhelming infection with @entity12266 can cause diffuse @entity55 and the adult @entity649 , even in immunocompetent hosts. With prompt diagnosis by microscopical examination of tracheal secretions, intensive therapy with @entity2379 , and ventilatory support, good recovery of pulmonary function is possible.

title: Overwhelming XXXX associated with the adult @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of oxygenation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary blastomycosis', 'diffuse pulmonary infiltrates']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary blastomycosis']


abstract: @entity3999 has raised an interest in @entity5 research because of its role in @entity5 progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of @entity3999 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity3999 was detected in @entity14 with recurrence using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis. An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against @entity3999 heavy chain. Determinations on @entity5 specimens from 91 @entity1 with resectable CCs were performed. The minimum follow-up period was of 12.5 years for these @entity1 without @entity5 recurrence. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were also performed. Samples of @entity189 with recurrence showed an increased expression of @entity3999 . @entity5 with high @entity3999 expression by @entity5 cell were significantly associated with higher probability of @entity3 . Our results suggest that @entity3999 expression in CCs is associated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 development. Therefore, @entity3999 @entity5 expression may contribute to an improved prognostic evaluation in @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Clinical significance of XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CC tumors', 'colorectal cancer', 'CC']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: The United States National Cancer Institute @entity5344 Family Registry is the largest international Registry of this type; over 37 724 individuals have been enrolled to date. One activity of this Registry is the semicentralized pathologic review of @entity5 from all probands. Given the semicentralized nature of the review, this study was undertaken to determine the reproducibility, source(s) of classification discrepancies and stratagems to circumvent discrepancies for histologic subtyping and grading of invasive @entity0 among the reviewing pathologists. A total of 13 pathologists reviewed 35 invasive @entity0 and classified them by primary and secondary histologic type, Nottingham grade and score. Lymph-vascular space invasion, circumscribed margins, syncytial growth and lymphocytic infiltrate were also evaluated. A training session using a separate set of slides was conducted prior to the study. General agreement, in terms of category-specific kappa's and percent agreement, and accuracy of classification relative to a reference standard were determined. Classification of histologic subtype was most consistent (and accurate) for @entity189 (kappa=1.0), followed by tubular (kappa=0.8) and lobular subtypes (kappa=0.8). Classification of medullary subtype was moderate (kappa=0.4), but additional evaluation of degree of lymphocytic infiltrate, syncytial growth and circumscribed margins identified most cases. Category-specific kappa's were moderate to good for Nottingham grade (kappa=0.5-0.7), with the greatest agreement obtained in categorizing grade I (kappa=0.7), and @entity5 (kappa=0.7). A flexible classification strategy that employs individual and combined criteria provides good interobserver agreement for invasive @entity0 with uniform, unambiguous histology and compensates for classification discrepancies in the more histologically ambiguous or heterogeneous @entity5 .

title: Interobserver agreement and reproducibility in classification of invasive XXXX : an NCI @entity0 family registry study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['grade III tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['Breast/Ovarian Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A 75-year-old female with skin metastasis from advanced @entity356 (portion A, tub2, ss beta, n2, P0H0, Borrmann 3-type) was successfully treated with CDDP at a dosage of 25 mg/body every week or two. She had undergone R2 curative subtotal gastrectomy in October 1986, and had orally taken tegafur 300 mg/day as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Three years after the operation, she had skin erythema at chest and neck. A pathological examination revealed that the skin erythema was a metastasis of @entity356 . After administration of @entity1487 and MMC, the @entity272 diminished in size, but in November of 1990, it expanded again. Administration of @entity1487 , @entity1139 and @entity1259 was not effective. The @entity272 expanded extensively and changed to nodular type. CDDP was intermittently administered from August 1991 to December 1991, 25 mg/body div. every week or two; the total volume of CDDP reached 225 mg. The metastatic @entity1489 disappeared and a complete response was obtained. CEA, which had been high (190 ng/ml), regained the normal level. @entity882 and @entity409 developed as side effects, but reduced after cessation of CDDP administration. The @entity1 has been well for 3 years and 6 months since the onset of the skin metastasis.

title: [A case of complete remission of metastatic XXXX (erythema type) from advanced @entity356 by CDDP administration].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Irreversible electroporation is a tissue ablation modality that uses high voltage electric energy to induce an increase in cell membrane permeability. This causes destabilization of the existing cellular transmembrane potential leading to cell death, due to the inability to maintain cellular homeostasis. This phase I-II study was designed to evaluate the histopathological outcomes of irreversible electroporation to prostate and surrounding tissue in radical prostatectomy specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity263 underwent an irreversible electroporation ablation without curative intent, followed by radical prostatectomy scheduled 4 weeks later. For histopathological examination of the prostate, whole mounted tissue slices were examined by dedicated genitourinary pathologists. The borders of the ablation zone and @entity41 were outlined on the slides. RESULTS: The irreversible electroporation ablation zones were characterized as areas of @entity82 , @entity39 and loss of epithelial tissue in terms of denudation in the glandular structures. The ablation zone was well demarcated, showing trenchant delineations between viable and nonviable tissue. The ablated tissue showed mild to moderate @entity32 , with @entity3202 cells in 1 case. The area was surrounded by @entity548 at the location of the electrodes. No skip lesions or no viable tissue were seen in the ablation zone. Fibrinoid @entity39 of the neurovascular bundle was observed in 13 @entity1 and denudation of the urothelium of the prostatic urethra was seen in 9. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological assessment of the prostate 4 weeks after irreversible electroporation ablation showed sharply demarcated fibrotic and necrotic tissue in the ablation zone. No viable tissue was observed in the irreversible electroporation ablation zone.

title: Histopathological Outcomes after Irreversible Electroporation in XXXX : Results of an Ablate and Resect Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: @entity1 pro-xenopsins (proXP), proteins (such as alpha-coatomer) that yield XP-related peptides when digested by pepsin-related proteases, are ubiquitously distributed in @entity35 , with highest concentrations in liver and gastrointestinal tissues. Here, the cellular and subcellular distributions of @entity235 and @entity35 proXP were determined in brain, liver, stomach and intestine. Elutriation and percoll density centrifugation of collagenase-dispersed cells demonstrated that proXP was primarily associated with hepatocytes in liver, chief and parietal cells in stomach and endocrine/exocrine cells in intestine. When fragmented cells were subjected to differential centrifugation, congruent with85% of proXP was associated with particulate fractions and only congruent with15% was cytosolic. Sucrose-gradient centrifugation of crude mitochondrial preparations (P2 pellets) for liver, stomach and intestine demonstrated that proXP was localized to vesicles (density, congruent with1.19; size, 80-400 micrometer), which contained material of variable electron density. In isotonic homogenates of brain, proXP migrated primarily with synaptosomes (density, congruent with1. 15) which contained vesicles (size, 50-100 micrometer). During HPLC-sizing and ion exchange chromatography, proXP gave at least three components, the major one being an anionic 140-kDa protein. ProXP-like activity was found in @entity1 and @entity35 blood, @entity1 cerebral spinal fluid and in contents of the gastrointestinal lumen. These results are consistent with the idea that these vesicle-associated protein(s) could be released during endocrine and/or exocrine secretion and serve as precursors to XP-related peptides.

title: Pro-xenopsin(s) in vesicles of XXXX brain, liver, stomach and intestine is apparently released into blood and cerebral spinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: During the development of @entity1723 , the plasma insulin pattern changes. Because the islet secretory pattern has been implicated in this phenomenon, insulin release was measured from female nonobese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 islets isolated at different ages. Islets from 5-week-old @entity19 were used as controls because they had no infiltrating mononuclear cells and insulin release rose almost 9-fold with maintained oscillatory frequency when the @entity413 concentration was raised from 3 to 11 mM. Islets isolated from 13- and 25-week-old @entity19 were infiltrated with mononuclear cells. In these islets, increase in the @entity413 concentration from 3 to 11 mM only doubled insulin release. However, despite the cellular infiltration, insulin release was pulsatile. Islets from 13-week-old @entity19 had reduced @entity413 oxidation rate. Culture of such islets for 7 days at 11.1 mM @entity413 causes a decrease in the number of mononuclear cells infiltrating the islets, which in the present study was accompanied by a normalization of both @entity413 oxidation and @entity413 -induced insulin release. In the presence of the mitochondrial substrate @entity6525 (5 mM) both control and infiltrated islets responded with pronounced insulin pulses with similar amplitudes. The results suggest that the deranged plasma insulin pattern observed during the development of @entity1723 may be related to decrease in the insulin pulse amplitude rather than loss of the pulsatile release from the islets.

title: Preserved pulsatile insulin release from prediabetic XXXX islets.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6525 :: ('MESH:C013082', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-keto-isocaproate']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We studied the frequency and grade of @entity731 changes in the thoracic aorta and their significance as @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Using transesophageal echocardiography, we evaluated complicated lesions in the thoracic aortas of 62 @entity1 who met our clinical criteria for @entity64 . A complicated lesion was defined as a raised lesion with an irregular surface or acoustic shadow based on a comparative study of echocardiographic and histopathologic findings. The results were compared with plain radiographic findings and in some cases with computed tomographic or aortographic findings. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 (42%) showed complicated aortic arch lesions on echocardiogram. Transesophageal echocardiography brought us more abundant information than other techniques. Aortic knob calcification by plain radiography correlated well with the presence of echocardiographically complicated lesions, suggesting its utility for rough screening of @entity731 changes. Fifty-two @entity1 had other potential embolic sources in the heart or cervical arteries. Among the remaining 10 @entity1 without extra-aortic embolic sources, three showed complicated lesions and were diagnosed as having aortogenic @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity731 should be recognized as an embolic source of @entity64 and the advantage of transesophageal echocardiography recognized in its evaluation.

title: Aortogenic XXXX : a transesophageal echocardiographic approach.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['embologenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['embolic stroke']


abstract: @entity2760 is occasionally the first clinical expression of disseminated @entity5 . @entity1 admitted to the medical ward of a general hospital during a 10-year period were surveyed for the presence of @entity2760 rheumatica (PMR) in the context of @entity5 . Five @entity1 were identified with @entity2760 characterized by prominent systemic symptoms and one or more features dissimilar from PMR, such as a) age of fewer than 50 years, b) only one typical site involved, c) asymmetrical involvement at typical sites, d) additional @entity158 , and e) no improvement on 10 mg/d @entity229 treatment. There were four @entity1 and one @entity1 . The ages ranged from 37 to 84 years. The onset of PMR-like symptoms preceded the initial diagnosis of @entity5 or of recurrent @entity5 by 1 to 3 months. On x-ray of the shoulder and pelvic girdles, @entity75 were observed in one @entity1 . Bone scintigraphy showed pathologic uptake suggestive of metastatic spread, particularly in the symptomatic segments, in all @entity1 . The primary sites of @entity5 in the five @entity1 were lung (n = 1), kidney (n = 1), colon (n = 2) and unknown (n = 1). Although a search for @entity5 may not be justified in @entity1 presenting with typical PMR, the present survey suggests that in @entity1 with @entity2760 , there is significant risk of @entity5 involving @entity79 . Isotopic bone scan is an appropriate screening test for such a possibility.

title: XXXX as presentation of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bones and joints']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful joints']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia', 'A polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndrome', 'a PMR-like syndrome', 'atypical PMR-like syndromes']

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['A polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndrome']


abstract: Due to the low evolutionary rate and the limited horizontal transmission of @entity1 @entity778 ( @entity2662 ), its phylogenetic analysis reveals the movements and contacts of ancient populations. Since simian strains cannot be distinguished from @entity1 strains by phylogenetic criteria, this virus has appropriately been called @entity37851 type I ( @entity37851 -I). We sequenced the LTR of six @entity37851 -I strains: three @entity2662 strains from African @entity1 with @entity3498 ( @entity3498 ) (Equateur, Zaire), two laboratory @entity2662 strains of Japanese origin, MT-2 and MT-4, and one @entity37852 from a @entity3474 of the primate center in Sukhumi, Georgia. We applied four phylogenetic inference methods: neighbor-joining (NJ), unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), Fitch and Wagner parsimony (pars), and maximum likelihood (ML), to these 6 LTR sequences and 18 published LTR sequences (cosmopolitan, African, and Melanesian @entity2662 strains and African and Asian @entity37852 strains). Three major @entity2662 subtypes can be identified with all four methods: the cosmopolitan HTLV-Ia, the central African HTLV-Ib, clearly descendant from a @entity37852 CH-like African ancestral simian strain, and the Melanesian HTLV-Ic, probably descendant from an Asian @entity37852 . We observe a segregation of @entity37851 -I sequences according to their geographical origin and not according to host species. The Zairean strains form a cluster closely related to an @entity37852 isolated from a @entity831 ( @entity37852 CH) and distinct from western African strains, which belong to the cosmopolitan subtype of @entity2662 . The Sukhumi @entity37852 found in a captive-born @entity3474 was of Asian descent. We experienced rooting problems with UPGMA when using @entity4451 as an outgroup. Concordant results with all four methods were obtained by eliminating @entity4451 LTR sequence fragments with bad alignment to @entity2662 . This resulted in a @entity4451 root node on the African @entity37852 TAN90 terminal branch (with bootstrap values above 92% for the NJ and pars methods) and not on the Asian @entity37852 PtM3 branch, as has been derived by others based on their use of UPGMA. The results of the analyses also support a higher evolutionary rate of @entity37851 -I in Asia, implying that the trees obtained with the NJ and ML methods have a higher reliability. These results are more compatible with an ancient African origin of @entity37851 -I than with an Asian origin.

title: XXXX type I LTR sequence variation and its phylogenetic analysis: compatibility with an African origin of @entity37851 -I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphotrophic virus type I']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

entities_list: @entity37851 :: ('39101', 'Species') :: ['PTLV', 'primate T-lymphotropic virus']

entities_list: @entity3498 :: ('MESH:D015493', 'Disease') :: ['tropical spastic paraparesis', 'TSP']

answer: @entity37851 :: (39101,Species) :: ['Primate T-lymphotropic virus']


abstract: Chemotherapy for @entity135 was initially used as a palliative treatment in advanced and/or recurrent disease. The overall response rate was about 30% but @entity1 survival was sometimes short. It was also observed that complete responders had a significantly longer survival period than non-responders. @entity900 -containing regimens including @entity900 plus @entity1487 appear to be the most efficacious for this disease. In a large number of randomized trials, organ function preservation studies have shown the possibility of laryngeal preservation for T2 and T3 laryngeal and @entity5 . A survival benefit has been shown clearly in advanced @entity5 . Another survival prolongation has been demonstrated in cases of locally unresectable @entity5 in the oral cavity, pharynx, nose and paranasal sinus. Thus, we conclude that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effective in cases of locally unresectable @entity5 in the oral cavity, pharynx, and nose and paranasal sinus. In advanced N stage @entity5 , neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy may be indicated. @entity1442 stage @entity5 is a good candidate for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. For the aim of laryngeal preservation, neoadjuvant and/or concurrent chemoradiotherapy can be indicated for T2 and T3 laryngeal and @entity5 .

title: [Chemotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'hypopharyngeal cancer', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced T']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: A population-based screening programme for @entity0 was initiated in Nijmegen in 1975 with mammography as the only screening procedure. Up to January 1987, 6 screening rounds were carried out with a 2-year screening interval. Rates of attendance, referral, biopsy and detection were calculated and numbers of @entity5 are presented in order to give a clear view of what repeated screening can accomplish in a population. At the first screening round the attendance rate was 87% for @entity1 under age 50 and 83% for @entity1 aged 50-64. For @entity1 aged 65 or over the initial attendance rate was 40%. Rates of attendance declined in subsequent years. Detection rates were highest for elderly @entity1 at their first examination: 9.5 per 1,000 screened @entity1 . Corresponding rates were 5.6 and 2.3 per 1,000 for @entity1 aged 50-64 and below 50 respectively. The positive predictive value for referral was, on average, 20% for @entity1 under age 50 and 50% for elderly @entity1 , although a sharp increase was seen in the last 2 screening examinations for all age-groups. Predictive values for biopsy were higher: 30% on average for @entity1 aged under 50 and 60%-70% for elderly @entity1 , again with a sharp increase in the last 2 screening rounds. Interval @entity5 rates, calculated as the number of @entity5 occurring within 2 years among negatively screened @entity1 at risk, showed no particular trend and varied between 0.9-1.3 per 1,000 @entity1 -years after each screening round. Compared to screen-detected @entity5 , @entity5 occurred more frequently in younger @entity1 . In @entity1 under age 50, the ratio between screen-detected and interval @entity5 was about 1:1, while it was about 2:1 for elderly @entity1 .

title: Screening for XXXX in Nijmegen. Report of 6 screening rounds, 1975-1986.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Forces applied to tendon during movement cause cellular deformation, as well as fluid movement. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity95 tendon fibroblasts detect and respond to fluid-induced shear stress. Cells were isolated from the paratenon of the @entity95 Achilles tendon and then subjected to fluid flow at 1 dyn/cm(2) for 6h in a specially designed multi-slide flow device. The application of fluid flow led to an increased expression of the @entity721 ( @entity721 ), stromelysin-1 ( @entity21182 ), cyclooxygenase II ( @entity12050 ) and @entity20573 ( @entity20573 ) genes. The release of proMMP-3 into the medium exhibited a dose-response with the level of fluid shear stress. However, not all cells aligned in the direction of flow. In other experiments, the same cells were incubated with the @entity460 -reactive dye @entity593 AM, then subjected to laminar fluid flow in a parallel plate flow chamber. The cells did not significantly increase intracellular @entity460 concentration when exposed to fluid shear stress levels of up to 25 dyn/cm(2). These results show that gene expression in @entity95 tendon cells is sensitive to fluid flow, but that signal transduction is not dependent on intracellular @entity460 transients. The upregulation of the @entity721 , @entity21182 and @entity12050 genes shows that fluid flow could be an important mechanical stimulus for @entity1796 .

title: @entity95 tendon cells produce XXXX in response to fluid flow without significant @entity460 transients.

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon remodelling or injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity21182 :: (100009111(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['MMP-3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy and safety of recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF) and recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) for the treatment of severe @entity1398 due to @entity4753 ( @entity4753 ) or @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Eight @entity1 with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) below 1,000/microL attributable to @entity4753 (n = 4) or @entity1252 (n = 4) were treated with rhG-CSF. The hematologic and clinical response as well as side effects were recorded. In addition, reports on the use of rhG-CSF/rhGM-CSF in @entity4753 and @entity1252 retrieved from the English language literature were analyzed. RESULTS: RhG-CSF effectively corrected @entity1398 due to @entity4753 and @entity1252 in seven of the current eight @entity1 . In 54 of 55 @entity4753 and @entity1252 @entity1 retrieved from the literature, @entity1261 or @entity2841 , respectively, proved to be effective at elevating the neutrophil count, which was often associated with improvement of infectious complications. The neutrophil count often declined again when growth factor treatment was stopped but generally stabilized at a level that exceeded the pretreatment count. Side effects included rare cases of @entity882 , @entity4841 , and development of @entity7255 . Side effects were dose dependent and resolved when treatment was discontinued. One of our own @entity1 and 17 previously reported @entity1 continued to benefit from long-term administration of rhG-CSF over periods of more than 40 months. CONCLUSIONS: RhG-CSF is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment for @entity1398 due to @entity4753 or @entity1252 . Exacerbation of the underlying @entity627 due to @entity1261 appears to be rare if @entity1261 is administered at the lowest dose effective at elevating the ANC above 1,000/microL.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX due to @entity4753 or @entity1252 with @entity1261 .

entities_list: @entity4753 :: ('MESH:D005258', 'Disease') :: ["Felty's syndrome", 'FS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic condition']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity2331 and increased risk for @entity174 in @entity8787 result from several factors. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the dietary intake of @entity460 in @entity8787 @entity1 . METHODS: A 22-item quantitative validated frequency food questionnaire was used for quantifying dietary @entity460 in relation to gender and age, in 187 @entity8787 @entity1 , 420 normal- and 276 diseased controls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney, chi-square- and T-tests. RESULTS: The mean @entity460 intake was 991.0    536.0 (105.8% Recommended Daily Allowances) and 867.6    562.7 SD mg/day (93.8% RDA) in healthy and diseased controls, and 837.8    482.0 SD mg/day (92.7% RDA) in @entity8787 , P<0.001. @entity460 intake was high in celiac disease (1165.7    798.8 SD mg/day, 120% RDA), and non-significantly lower in @entity31 than in @entity30 (798.7    544.1 SD mg/day vs 881.9    433.0). @entity1050 and UC females, but not males, had a mean @entity460 intake well under RDA. In all study groups the intake was lower in @entity1 believing that consumption of @entity1132 -containing food induced symptoms, versus those who did not (105.8% vs 114.3% RDA in normal controls; 100.4% vs 87.6% RDA in @entity8787 ). CONCLUSIONS: Diet in @entity8787 @entity1 contained significantly less @entity460 than in healthy controls. Gender and age, more than diagnosis, are central in determining inadequate @entity460 intake, more so in @entity8787 . Self-reported @entity1132 intolerance, leading to dietary restrictions, is the single major determinant of low @entity460 intake. Inadequate @entity460 intake is present in one third of @entity8787 @entity1 and represents a reversible risk factor for @entity170 , suggesting the need for tailored nutritional advice in @entity8787 .

title: Dietary @entity460 intake in XXXX with inflammatory bowel disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two cases of @entity20413 are reported. Case 1; A 25-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital to be treated for @entity3069 infection. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lower lung. High-resolution CT showed a low attenuation area and @entity4595 in the right lower lobe. He had had two episodes of @entity55 in his childhood. 3D CT scan showed a narrowing of right lower pulmonary arteries. Case 2; A 65-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity1353 on effort. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lung. Chest CT scan on inspiration and expiration detected air-trapping, which is characteristic of this syndrome. In both cases, the volume of the hyper lucent lung was normal. From these clinical findings, we diagnosed these two cases as @entity20413 and in this paper described the clinical features and treatment.

title: [Two cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity20413 :: ('MESH:D019568', 'Disease') :: ['Swyer-James syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity20413 :: (MESH:D019568,Disease) :: ['Swyer-James syndrome']


abstract: Myofibroblasts are matrix-producing cells with contractile properties, usually characterized by de novo expression of @entity1918 , that arise in @entity66 . Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), known as perisinusoidal cells containing auto-fluorescent @entity904 , are the major although not exclusive source of myofibroblasts in the injured liver. Portal myofibroblasts (PMFs) have been defined as liver myofibroblasts derived from cells that are distinct from HSCs and located in the portal tract. Here, we describe the protocol we have established to obtain @entity35 PMFs in culture. In this method, the biliary tree is (i) separated from the liver parenchyma by in situ enzymatic perfusion of the liver, (ii) minced and further digested in vitro, until bile duct segments are isolated by sequential filtration. Bile duct isolates free of HSC contaminants, form small cell clusters, which initially comprise a large majority of epithelial cells. In culture conditions (fetal bovine serum) that provide a growth advantage to mesenchymal cells over epithelial cells, the epithelial cells die and detach from the substrate, while spindle-shaped cells outgrow from the periphery of the cell clusters, as shown by video-microscopy. These cells are highly proliferative and after 4-5 days, the culture is composed exclusively of fully differentiated myofibroblasts, which express @entity1918 and collagen 1, and secrete abundant collagen. We found no evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, i.e., no co-expression of @entity1918 and cytokeratin at any stage, while cytokeratin becomes undetectable in the confluent cells. PMFs obtained by this method express the genes that were previously reported to be overexpressed in non-HSC or portal fibroblast-derived liver myofibroblasts as compared to HSC-derived myofibroblasts, including the most discriminant, collagen 15, @entity49280 , and @entity18715 . After one passage, PMFs retain the same phenotypic features as in primary culture. In conclusion, this straightforward and reproducible method of PMF culture, can be used to identify new markers of PMFs at different stages of differentiation, to compare their phenotype with those of HSC-MFs and ultimately determine their progenitors and specific functions in liver wound-healing.

title: Culture Model of XXXX Portal Myofibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Two strategies are commonly used for the initial diagnosis of @entity2202 ( @entity2202 ): (1) physical examination and (2) radiologic evaluation using upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) or sonography. The authors wished to determine the sensitivity and relative cost of each strategy. METHODS: The charts of 234 @entity1 presenting over 3 years with a history suggestive of @entity2202 were reviewed retrospectively. Cost, expressed as mean diagnostic charges (MDC) and @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ), was calculated according to two theoretical models. In model A, all @entity1 first are examined by a surgeon. If an olive is palpable, they proceed to surgery. If not, they are sent to radiology. In model B, all @entity1 have radiologic investigation first, and then surgical evaluation if the study result is positive. RESULTS: Of the 234 @entity1 , 150 had @entity2202 (64%). Olives were appreciated in 111 of these (palpation sensitivity of 74%). There was one false-positive olive (0.7%) and no false-negatives. Sonography and UGI were equally accurate (sensitivity of 100%, 0.5% false-positive). Equations were generated to estimate MDC and @entity11339 for our @entity1 population under each model. In model A, MDC =  507 - ( 221 x palpation sensitivity) and @entity11339 =  2,543 ( 240 x palpation sensitivity). In model B, MDC =  449 and @entity11339 =  2,454, and costs were independent of ability to feel an olive. When cost was plotted against palpation sensitivity, model A yielded a lower MDC than model B if palpation sensitivity was at least 26%, and a lower @entity11339 if palpation sensitivity was at least 37%. Because our palpation sensitivity was 74%, approximately  100 per @entity1 would be saved by sending all @entity1 suspected of having @entity2202 to a surgeon for examination as an initial step. CONCLUSIONS: Although highly sensitive, imaging is superfluous if an olive is palpable. @entity1 suspected of having @entity2202 should have a surgical consultation before a radiology study as long as the surgeon's palpation sensitivity for an olive is at least 37%. Improved palpation skills will result in maximum financial savings.

title: Sensitivity and cost minimization analysis of radiology versus olive palpation for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2202 :: ('MESH:D046248', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['mean total charges', 'MTC']

answer: @entity2202 :: (MESH:D046248,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']


abstract: The changes in the duration of atrial electrograms and the appearance of AF during atrial pacing were compared among five atrial pacing sites in @entity235 to clarify the arrhythmogenicity of atrial pacing at different atrial pacing sites. In seven mongrel @entity235 (15-20 kg), the right atrial surface was exposed by right thoracotomy. Atrial electrograms were recorded via bipolar electrodes with an interelectrode distance of 1.2 mm at four right atrial sites: (1) the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ), (2) the mid-right atrium (MRA), (3) the low right atrium (LRA), and (4) the center of the pectinate muscle (PM). The duration of the atrial electrograms at these four recording sites were measured during atrial pacing with fixed cycle lengths of 200, 150, and 120 ms delivered at five atrial sites: (1) the @entity13678 , (2) the inferior vena cava (IVC), (3) the right atrial appendage (RAA), (4) Bachman's bundle (BB), and (5) the @entity955 ( @entity955 ). In each @entity235 , the atrial pacing with the 120-ms cycle length was performed five times at each pacing site to evaluate the inducibility of AF. When AF was induced, the atrial recording site which first showed a fragmented atrial electrogram was considered the initiation site of the AF. AF was induced during 9 of 35 episodes of atrial pacing at the @entity13678 site, 11 of 35 at the IVC site, 5 of 35 at the RAA site, 3 of 35 at the BB site, and none at the @entity955 site. The initiation site of AF was in the @entity13678 site in 11 of 28 episodes of induced AF, in the MRA site in 9 of 28, and in the LRA site in 8 of 28. At each recording site, the shorter the paced cycle length, the longer the duration of the atrial electrogram regardless of the pacing site. During the atrial pacing with the 200-ms cycle length, the @entity13678 pacing resulted in the shortest duration of the atrial electrogram at each recording site in comparison with the other pacing sites. However, during atrial pacing at the two shorter paced cycle lengths, the duration of the atrial electrogram was shorter during the pacing at the BB or @entity955 sites in comparison with the other three pacing sites, i.e., the @entity13678 , IVC, and RAA sites. These results were the same for all atrial recording sites, but the prolongation of the atrial electrogram was most prominent at the @entity13678 and MRA recording sites, which are most likely initiation sites of the induced AF. In the @entity235 atria, (1) the initiation sites of AF were likely to be the @entity13678 , MRA, or LRA sites in comparison with the PM site; and (2) the atrial pacing at the BB or @entity955 sites was considered less arrhythmogenic for AF than the pacing at the @entity13678 , LRA, or RAA sites.

title: Comparison of arrhythmogenicity of atrial pacing at several right atrial pacing sites: evaluation of @entity235 atrial electrograms during atrial pacing and arrhythmogenicity for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atrial septum']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['HRA', 'high right atrium']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with sarcomatoid differentiation is an aggressive disease that is associated with poor outcomes to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The utility of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-targeted therapy in @entity1 with this disease is unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who had @entity1358 with sarcomatoid features in the primary @entity5 and who were treated with @entity7 -targeted therapy were retrospectively identified. Pathology slides were reviewed to determine the percentage of sarcomatoid differentiation. Objective response rate, percentage of @entity5 burden shrinkage, progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 who had sarcomatoid @entity1358 were identified. The median percentage of sarcomatoid features was 14% (range, 3% to 90%). @entity1 were treated with either @entity2240 (49%), @entity2857 (28%), bevacizumab (19%), or @entity2240 plus bevacizumab (5%). Partial responses were observed in eight @entity1 (19%); 21 @entity1 (49%) had stable disease; and 14 @entity1 (33%) had progressive disease as their best response. Partial responses were limited to @entity1 who had underlying clear-cell histology and less than 20% sarcomatoid elements. Median @entity5 shrinkage was -2% (range, -85% to 127%), and 53% achieved some degree of @entity5 shrinkage on therapy. Median PFS and @entity1349 were estimated to be 5.3 months and 11.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who have @entity1358 and sarcomatoid differentiation can demonstrate objective responses and @entity5 shrinkage to @entity7 -targeted therapy. @entity1 who have clear-cell histology and a lower percentage of sarcomatoid differentiation may have better outcomes with @entity7 -targeted therapy.

title: Metastatic @entity1358 treated with XXXX -targeted therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'Metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since treatment approaches thought to be useful for @entity162 are presumably suitable for hypomania as well, little systematic research has been done on the treatment of hypomanic episodes and their long-term outcome. As systematic trials have shown that the atypical antipsychotic @entity1090 may be effective and safe in the treatment of acute @entity162 , we decided to conduct an open-label study of its effectiveness and tolerability in hypomania associated with @entity162 . METHODS: Forty-four DSM-IV @entity162 @entity1 with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores above 7 were included and followed-up for 6 months. Efficacy was measured by means of the YMRS and the Clinical Global Impression for @entity162 (CGI-BD). @entity308 was measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), and the Udvalg for Kliniske Unders  gelser (UKU) subscale was used for neurological/extrapyramidal side-effects. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 completed the trial. The mean dose of @entity1090 at endpoint was 2.8 mg/day. Last observation-carried-forward analysis showed significant reduction of YMRS scores from the first week of treatment, which continued until the endpoint (P<0.0001). At 6-month follow-up, 60% of @entity1 were assymptomatic according to the CGI. The 32% who received @entity1090 in monotherapy seemed to respond equally well. @entity1090 , as used in this study, appeared to be most protective against hypomanic than @entity308 . Nine @entity1 (12%) had a depressive relapse during 6-month follow-up, one @entity1 (2%) had an hypomanic relapse and another (2%) had both. No @entity1 developed @entity910 during the duration of the study. Although most @entity1 received @entity1090 in combination with standard mood-stabilizers, only three @entity1 discontinued @entity1090 because of other side-effects. LIMITATIONS: In the absence of a placebo arm, it is uncertain to what extent the foregoing results could be ascribed to spontaneous remission of @entity162 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1090 , either in combination with mood-stabilizers or alone was well-tolerated in @entity162 @entity1 , who presented in a hypomanic state, and appeared efficacious. Further controlled research on the role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of less-than-manic forms of @entity162 is warranted.

title: Role of XXXX in @entity162 : an open 6-month study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder', 'bipolar II', 'bipolar II disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive recurrences', 'Treatment-emergent depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical not only for morphogenesis during embryonic development but also the conversion of early-stage @entity5 into infiltrative phenotypes. The present study examines the expression of Twist, a highly conserved bHLH transcription factor that is known to promote EMT, and evaluated its prognostic significance in @entity1204 . Tissue specimens from 70 @entity1 with @entity1204 who underwent primary surgery were immunohistochemically evaluated for Twist expression. A semiquantitative scoring system was developed based on the intensity and extent of @entity5 cells with Twist expression. Thirty-six @entity1 (51%) exhibited high Twist expression and 34 (49%) had low expression. Most cases exhibited both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining mainly observed in @entity5 foci and, preferentially, at the margin but, in some cases, the stromal cells located adjacent to @entity5 foci as well. Among various clinical variables, high Twist expression was significantly associated with deep @entity3 (>1/2) (P = .012) and concurrent with decreased @entity5962 expression (P < .001), a hallmark of EMT. In univariate survival analyses, both @entity3 and Twist expression influenced overall survival, but Cox multivariate analyses revealed that only Twist was an independent predictor of @entity1 survival (hazard ratio, 5.12; P = .023). Thus, our data implies that high Twist expression is a potential novel prognostic factor for disease survival of @entity1204 . Furthermore, the present study implicates Twist as a potential therapeutic target for this @entity5 type.

title: High Twist expression is involved in infiltrative XXXX and affects @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity7138 ( @entity7138 ) and @entity12737 ( @entity12737 ) are two sides effects associated with the usage of @entity205 (CyA) but not with @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and security of the conversion from CsA to @entity1140 to treat those two complications. From August 1996 to May 1997, 15 @entity1 (9 males, 6 females) aged from 23 to 63 years old (38 +/- 14, mean +/- SD) were switched from CsA to @entity1140 , 12 for @entity7138 , 2 for @entity12737 and one for combined presentation. @entity1140 was first initiated at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day and then adjusted to a level target of 8 ng/ml. The conversion was done on an out @entity1 basis at average 35 (5-83) months after transplantation. @entity1 were followed prospectively for 12 months. There was a significant reduction in @entity7138 in all @entity1 within 3 months. Five out 13 @entity1 had a complete resolution of @entity7138 within three months of conversion, 9/12 within 6 months and all by 12 months. @entity12737 resolved completely within 6 months. No rejection episode occurred and the serum creatinin remain stable over one year post conversion. Conversion from CsA to @entity1140 is thus a safe and valid option to treat CsA induced @entity7138 and @entity12737 .

title: [ XXXX and gingival hypertrophy regression in renal transplants following the substitution of @entity205 by @entity1140 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['GH', 'Gingival Hyperplasia']

answer: @entity12737 :: (MESH:D006983,Disease) :: ['Hypertrichosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3761 is used in the treatment of @entity281 and inflammatory diseases. The dapsone @entity7586 , which is associated with a reported mortality of 9.9%, develops in about 0.5 to 3.6% of @entity1 treated with the drug. Currently, no tests are available to predict the risk of the dapsone @entity7586 . METHODS: We performed a genomewide association study involving 872 @entity1 who had received @entity3761 as part of multidrug therapy for @entity1201 (39 @entity1 with the dapsone @entity7586 and 833 controls), using log-additive tests of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed HLA molecules. For a replication analysis, we genotyped 24 SNPs in an additional 31 @entity1 with the dapsone @entity7586 and 1089 controls and performed next-generation sequencing for @entity1530 and @entity18698 typing at four-digit resolution in an independent series of 37 @entity1 with the dapsone @entity7586 and 201 controls. RESULTS: Genomewide association analysis showed that SNP @entity51528 , located between the @entity1530 and @entity1531 loci, was significantly associated with the dapsone @entity7586 among @entity1 with @entity1201 (odds ratio, 6.18; P=3.84 10(-13)). @entity1530 *13:01 was confirmed to be a risk factor for the dapsone @entity7586 (odds ratio, 20.53; P=6.84 10(-25)). The presence of @entity1530 *13:01 had a sensitivity of 85.5% and a specificity of 85.7% as a predictor of the dapsone @entity7586 , and its absence was associated with a reduction in risk by a factor of 7 (from 1.4% to 0.2%). @entity1530 *13:01 is present in about 2 to 20% of Chinese @entity1 , 1.5% of Japanese @entity1 , 1 to 12% of Indians, and 2 to 4% of Southeast Asians but is largely absent in Europeans and Africans. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1530 *13:01 was associated with the development of the dapsone @entity7586 among @entity1 with @entity1201 . (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others.).

title: XXXX *13:01 and the dapsone @entity7586 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3761 :: ('MESH:D003622', 'Chemical') :: ['dapsone', 'Dapsone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity syndrome']

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B']


abstract: This study examines the effect of systemic blockade of @entity1808 @entity1809 receptors by @entity1564 on the exaggerated tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) activity in 7-wk-old, euvolemic spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). TGF activity was assessed by stop-flow pressure (SFP) and early proximal flow rate (EPFR) measurements during perfusion of Henle's loop. During the control period, SHR exhibited a greater maximal SFP response (19 versus 0.11 mmHg), and a lower tubular flow rate elicited half-maximal response (turning point) (12.7 versus 14.1 nl/min). In addition, EPFR at a high perfusion rate (40 nl/min) was lower in SHR, indicating exaggerated TGF activity. Blockade of @entity1809 receptors was achieved by intravenous injection of 0.05 mg/kg @entity1564 , which did not affect mean arterial pressure. Renal blood flow and mean arterial pressure responses to injections of @entity1808 were blocked by >95%. Maximum SFP response in SHR decreased to 11 mmHg, and turning point increased to 16.5 nl/min. The slope of the TGF response curve at the half-maximal SFP response (reactivity) decreased from -5.5 to -2.0 mmHg/nl per min. In contrast, maximum SFP response and TGF reactivity were unchanged by @entity1809 receptor blockade in euvolemic WKY. A small effect was noted as an increase in turning point to 18.0 nl/min after @entity1564 treatment. Thus, the exaggerated TGF activity in young SHR is markedly attenuated by systemic administration of @entity1564 , whereas TGF was basically unchanged in euvolemic WKY. These results demonstrate that @entity1808 plays an important role in the enhanced TGF activity observed in young SHR. Significant TGF activity, essentially at normal levels for euvolemic animals, persists during @entity1809 receptor blockade in both groups of @entity35 .

title: @entity1564 normalizes exaggerated tubuloglomerular feedback activity in young spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In a nationwide population-based study of @entity1 born between 1950 and 1976, 75 @entity1 with @entity44190 ( @entity44190 ) were identified in Finland. @entity1 were ascertained through hospital records and the registers of chromosome laboratories. In one family 4 daughters were affected; in six families 2 daughters were affected; and 57 cases were isolated. In one additional family the two affected females were in successive generations. Population records were utilized to trace ancestors of @entity1 back to the beginning of the 19th century, in most cases. Consanguinity was detected in 8 (12%) of 66 families. When females only are considered, the segregation analyses yield a proportion of .23 affected. The relatively large number of affected individuals identified (incidence 1 in 8,300 live-born @entity1 ) implies a high gene frequency in the Finnish population. The geographic distribution was highly uneven, with most families originating in the sparsely populated north-central part of Finland. These findings support the existence of an autosomal recessive @entity44190 gene (locus designation " @entity23385 ) that is highly enriched in Finland. The multiplex families already identified will make it possible to map the @entity23385 gene by a random search for linkage by using polymorphic markers. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis in the sporadic @entity1 will then be used to test for genetic homogeneity versus heterogeneity.

title: The genetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity44190 :: ('OMIM:233300', 'Disease') :: ['XX gonadal dysgenesis', 'XXGD']

answer: @entity44190 :: (OMIM:233300,Disease) :: ['XX gonadal dysgenesis']


abstract: @entity3483 are a common and significant problem in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Pleurodesis with @entity803 or other sclerosing agents is the usual treatment for @entity3483 . In contrast to this approach, intrapleural chemotherapy has the potential advantage of treating the underlying @entity5 in addition to controlling the effusion. Intracavitary @entity900 -based chemotherapy, which is cytotoxic rather than sclerosing, has proven safe and effective via the intraperitoneal route in @entity43 and @entity3620 . There has been little previous experience, however, with intrapleural @entity900 -based chemotherapy. As part of a planned series of trials in @entity3620 , the @entity2 Study Group first evaluated intrapleural @entity900 and @entity2592 in @entity1 with @entity3483 from a variety of solid @entity5 . From April 1986 to November 1987, 46 @entity1 with cytologically proven, symptomatic, and previously untreated @entity3483 were entered on study. A single dose of @entity900 100 mg/m2 plus @entity2592 1,200 mg was instilled into the pleural space via a chest tube, which was then immediately removed. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response at 24 hours; 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and then monthly. No recurrence of the effusion was considered a complete response (CR). Partial response (PR) was defined as a 75% or greater decrease in the amount of the effusion on serial chest radiographs. One @entity1 experienced reversible grade 4 @entity8 , four @entity1 had grade 3 hematologic @entity137 , and five @entity1 had grade 3 cardiopulmonary @entity137 . The overall response rate (CR plus PR) at 3 weeks was 49% (18 of 37 @entity1 ). The median length of response was 9 months for a CR and 5.1 months for a PR. The outcome of this trial was sufficiently encouraging that this regimen has been incorporated into subsequent trials for @entity3620 .

title: Intrapleural @entity900 and @entity2592 in the management of XXXX : a @entity2 Study Group trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present our technique of closed nailing in diaphyseal @entity3330 treated between 1 to 14 days postinjury. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the fact that such @entity174 can be treated closed in the absence of a @entity174 table or C-arm. METHODS: In all, 200 consecutive closed @entity3330 were fixed 1 to 14 days postinjury during a period of 2 years. Skeletal traction was applied immediately at admission and sufficient weight was applied to overcome @entity2473 . In most cases, a closed nailing was successfully performed. Distal locking was achieved with either a medinov nail with wings for distal locking, or a standard nail with a jig for the distal lock. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 30 years. Follow up ranged from 6 to 12 months. Mean duration of follow up was 10 months. All @entity1 had a functional range of movement at the hip and knee with a normal gait. The average time taken for surgery was 90 minutes with an average @entity190 of 50 to 100 mL. Time in hospital after surgery was 2 to 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed closed nailing of @entity3330 can be achieved without a C-arm or a @entity174 table provided adequate skeletal traction is applied preoperatively and proper attention is paid to the surgical steps as described.

title: Closed antegrade interlocked nailing of femoral shaft XXXX operated up to 2 weeks postinjury in the absence of a @entity174 table or C-arm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired decision making, a hallmark of addiction, is hypothesized to arise from maladaptive plasticity in the mesolimbic @entity935 pathway. The endocannabinoid system modulates @entity935 activity through activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). Here, we investigated whether impulsive behavior observed following @entity2072 exposure requires CB1R activation. METHODS: We trained @entity35 in a delay-discounting task. Following acquisition of stable performance, @entity35 were exposed to @entity2072 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every other day for 14 days and locomotor activity was measured. Two days later, delay-discounting performance was re-evaluated. To assess reversal of @entity23 , injections of a CB1R antagonist (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle were given 30 minutes before the task. During the second experiment, aimed at preventing @entity23 rather than reversing it, @entity13677 Rs were antagonized before each @entity2072 injection. In this experiment, subsecond @entity935 release was measured in the nucleus accumbens during delay-discounting sessions before and after @entity2072 treatment. RESULTS: Blockade of @entity13677 Rs reversed and prevented @entity2072 -induced @entity23 . Electrochemical results showed that during baseline and following disruption of endocannabinoid signaling, there was a robust increase in @entity935 for immediate large rewards compared with immediate small rewards, but this effect reversed when the delay for the large reward was 10 seconds. In contrast, @entity935 release always increased for one-pellet options at minimal or moderate delays in vehicle-treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Endocannabinoids play a critical role in changes associated with @entity2072 exposure. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade may thus counteract maladaptive alterations in afferents to @entity935 neurons, thereby preventing changes in dopaminergic activity underlying a loss of self-control.

title: Endocannabinoids promote XXXX -induced @entity23 and its rapid dopaminergic correlates.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: The gender differences in peak @entity26 uptake (VO2peak) for various modes of exercise have been examined previously; however, no direct gender comparisons have been made during repetitive lifting (RL). In the present study the VO2peak between RL and treadmill running (TR) was compared between 20 @entity1 [mean (SD) age, height, body mass and body fat: 21 (3) years, 1.79 (0.06) m, 81 (9) kg, 19 (6)%, respectively] and 20 @entity1 [mean (SD) age, height, body mass and body fat: 21 (3) years, 1.63 (0.05) m, 60 (7) kg, 27 (6)%, respectively]. VO2peak (l x min[-1]), defined as the highest value obtained during exercise to volitional fatigue, was determined using discontinuous protocols with treadmill grade or box mass incremented to increase exercise intensity. For RL VO2peak, a pneumatically driven shelf was used to lower a loaded box to the floor, and subjects then lifted the box, at a rate of 15 lifts x @entity1009 ). VO2peak (l x @entity1009 ) and ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and minute ventilation (VE, l x min[-1]) were determined using an on-line gas analysis system. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant gender effects, with @entity1 having higher values for VO2peak (l x @entity1009 ) and ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and VE, but @entity1 having higher values of the ventilatory equivalent for @entity26 (VE/VO2). There were also mode of exercise effects, with TR values being higher for VO2peak (l x @entity1009 ) and ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and VE and an interaction effect for VO2peak (l x @entity1009 ) and ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and VE/VO2. The @entity1 obtained a greater percentage (approximately 84%) of their TR VO2peak during RL than did the @entity1 (approximately 79%). There was a marginal tendency for @entity1 to decrease and @entity1 to increase their VE/VO2 when comparing TR with RL. The magnitude of the gender differences between the two exercise modalities appeared to be similar for heart rate, VE and R, but differed for VO2peak (l x @entity1009 ) and ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]). Lifting to an absolute height (1.32 m for the RL protocol) may present a different physical challenge to @entity1 and @entity1 with respect to the degree of involvement of the muscle groups used during lifting and ventilation.

title: Gender comparison of peak XXXX uptake: repetitive box lifting versus treadmill running.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: A 36-yr-old pregnant @entity1 with a history of @entity101 presented at term for elective Caesarean section because of breech position. At preoperative examination, a diastolic murmur was found and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) revealed a large, 8.1-cm diameter ascending aortic @entity439 with severe @entity337 and moderate @entity2294 . Surgical repair was not considered to be urgently required. The @entity1 was delivered electively by Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia using invasive arterial pressure monitoring. TOE performed 6 h post-partum showed progressing @entity2294 , for which emergency replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta were indicated. The epidural catheter was removed 4 h before starting the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Arterial pressure was controlled by a titrated infusion of @entity7368 and @entity1338 . To improve uterine tone, the @entity1 received an i.v. infusion of @entity398 throughout surgery. After implantation of an aortic composite graft and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, the @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit. Awake and receptive to neurological evaluation, her @entity825 was extubated 4 h after surgery. Mother and baby made an uneventful recovery.

title: Emergency repair of incidentally diagnosed ascending aortic XXXX immediately after caesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']