abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated circle of Willis ( @entity291 ) completeness in relation to the risk of future @entity385 in @entity1 without prior @entity66 . METHODS: We included 976 @entity1 with @entity731 , but no previous @entity4905 / @entity64 , from the Second Manifestations of @entity455 (SMART) study. All @entity1 underwent MR angiography of the @entity291 . Cox regression was used to determine whether anterior @entity291 completeness (anterior communicating artery or A1 segments) and posterior @entity291 completeness (posterior communicating arteries or P1 segments) were related to @entity64 , and whether @entity291 completeness influenced the relation between internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity850 /occlusion and @entity64 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (3.1  %) had @entity385 after 9.2        3.0  years of follow-up. Twenty-four @entity1 (80  %) had anterior circulation @entity64 . An incomplete anterior @entity291 was related to future anterior circulation @entity64 (HR 2.8 (95  % CI 1.3-6.3); p   =   0.01), whereas a one-sided and two-sided incomplete posterior @entity291 were not (HR 2.2 (95  % CI 0.7-7.1; p   =   0.19) and 1.9 (95  % CI 0.6-5.9; p   =   0.29), respectively). In stratified analyses, @entity1 with an incomplete anterior @entity291 had the highest risk of future anterior circulation @entity64 when they also had a one-sided (HR 7.0 (95  % CI 1.3-38.2; p   =   0.02)) or two-sided incomplete posterior @entity291 (HR 5.4 (95  % CI 1.0-27.8; p   =   0.04). @entity291 completeness did not change the relation between @entity543 /occlusion and future @entity385 (p   =   0.68). CONCLUSIONS: An incomplete anterior @entity291 combined with an incomplete posterior @entity291 is related to future anterior circulation @entity64 . @entity291 completeness has no large effect on the relation between @entity543 /occlusion and @entity64 .

title: Completeness of the circle of Willis and risk of XXXX in @entity1 without @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'future stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ARTerial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic ICA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The importance of thermal dose and the location of the heat maximum for the outcome of transurethral microwave thermotherapy for @entity1067 was studied. It was originally designed as a two-arm randomized study of 196 @entity1 comparing high and low effect with the heat maximum at the apex of the prostate. The inclusion criteria were: prostate volume 25 to 70 cc, Madsen score > or = 8, Qmax < or = 15 mL/sec, residual urine volume < 350 mL, and no median-lobe enlargement. Using the same inclusion criteria, another group of 31 @entity1 was compared in which the location of the heat maximum was at the base of the prostate. Treatment was performed as an outpatient single session procedure for 70 minutes with the Prostcare (Bruker Medical, France). Improvement was found after 6 months in all three groups regarding Qmax and Madsen, bother, and quality of life scores. The improvement of Madsen score from baseline was more pronounced in the high-effect base group than in the other two groups. Responders were defined as @entity1 showing improvement in Madsen score who were satisfied with treatment outcome and in no need of complementary treatment at 6 months' follow-up. Significantly more responders were found, and the increment of serum @entity1486 and side effects were more pronounced, in the high-effect base group than in the other two groups. Treatment outcome seems to be both dose related and dependent on the location of the heat maximum. However, the improvement in outcome is associated with increased morbidity.

title: Importance of thermal dose and antenna location in transurethral microwave thermotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: This study evaluates the pharmacokinetics and safety of pegylated @entity4020 ( @entity970 -Intron) following a single-dose subcutaneous injection into subjects with normal renal function, subjects with chronic @entity8 , and @entity1 on hemodialysis. In this open-label, single-dose, parallel group study, subjects were divided into five groups according to their degree of renal function: four groups as defined by measured @entity1011 clearance and a fifth hemodialysis dependent group. They received 1 microg/kg @entity970 -Intron subcutaneously after a 10-hour fast. Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments were performed up to 168 hours postdose. Hemodialysis @entity1 had a second @entity970 -Intron dose 12 hours prior to a hemodialysis session. @entity970 -Intron pharmacokinetic parameters (AUCtf, Cmax, and t1/2) increased progressively as CL(CR) declined. All subjects reported at least one adverse event, which were typical of those reported after alpha-interferon administration (e.g., flu-like symptoms, @entity10 ). Single-dose @entity970 -Intron administration to volunteers with @entity8 was safe and well tolerated. In @entity1 with CL(CR) < 30 ml/min, AUCand Cmax values were increased 90% compared with controls, while half-life was increased by up to 40% over controls. Based on the relationship between @entity970 -Intron apparent clearance and CL(CR), renal clearance accountsfor less than half of its total clearance. Hemodialysis did not affect @entity25763 apparent clearance.

title: Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of pegylated @entity4020 in XXXX with chronic @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['normal renal function and chronic renal impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha2b']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This paper extends on previous data on prognosis in @entity15 ( @entity15 ), to encompass the entire course of the disease. The first episode suggestive of @entity15 [the @entity922 ( @entity922 )] was included as a starting point, and the speed of secondary progression as an end point. Primary progressive @entity15 was not included. Unique preconditions, with one neurological service covering the G  teborg district, allowed for establishing a strictly population-based, essentially untreated 15-year incidence cohort of 308 @entity15 @entity1 who were followed for 25 years. Survival analysis was performed as Kaplan-Meyer graphs, and independent predictors were ascertained by Cox regression analysis. A matrix of several predictors and end points was created. From @entity922 , a higher risk of developing @entity922 ( @entity922 ), secondary progressive course and Disability Status Scale 7 (DSS7) was predicted by efferent tract lesions. However, less than 25% had reached DSS7 25 years after @entity922 with pure afferent lesions or other favorable predictors. During the first five years, higher relapse frequency, as well as incomplete remission of early bouts, predicted higher risks of secondary progressive course and DSS7 during follow-up to 25 years. However, these early predictors were unable to predict the rate of progression, which seems to contain an element of the disease process unassociated with its early events. Only late predictors, such as a shorter time from onset to secondary progression (1-10 years) and a higher number of functional systems involved at onset of progression predicted a faster progression rate. Predictors from this study could be used to refine historically controlled trials.

title: Long-term follow up of XXXX with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS', 'clinically definite MS', 'CDMS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Salinization usually plays a primary role in soil degradation, which consequently reduces agricultural productivity. In this study, the effects of salinity on growth parameters, ion, @entity38 , and @entity1521 content, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation of two @entity2708 cultivars, [CCRI-79 (salt tolerant) and Simian 3 (salt sensitive)], were evaluated. Salinity was investigated at 0 mM, 80 mM, 160 mM, and 240 mM @entity1219 for 7 days. Salinity induced morphological and physiological changes, including a reduction in the dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diameter, @entity38 and @entity1521 contents, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. In addition, salinity caused ion imbalance in plants as shown by higher Na+ and Cl- contents and lower K+, @entity141 , and @entity1025 concentrations. Ion imbalance was more pronounced in CCRI-79 than in Simian3. In the leaves and roots of the salt-tolerant cultivar CCRI-79, increasing levels of salinity increased the activities of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity9050 peroxidase (APX), and @entity2041 reductase (GR), but reduced catalase (CAT) activity. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in the leaves and roots of CCRI-79 were higher than those in Simian 3. CAT and APX showed the greatest @entity274 scavenging activity in both leaves and roots. Moreover, CAT and APX activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the scavenging process. These results indicate that CCRI-79 has a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher antioxidant activities than those in Simian 3. Overall, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and Chl (a+b) contents, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities showed the most significant variation between the two @entity2708 cultivars.

title: Morphological and physiological responses of XXXX ( @entity2708 .) plants to salinity.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a heterogeneous group of disorders encompassing @entity2438 , @entity13104 , @entity10791 and @entity245 Not Otherwise Specified. Auditory integration therapy ( @entity2167 ) was developed as a technique for improving abnormal sound sensitivity in individuals with @entity74 including @entity2438 . Other sound therapies bearing similarities to @entity2167 include the Tomatis Method and Samonas Sound Therapy. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of @entity2167 or other methods of sound therapy in individuals with @entity72 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 - February 2002), EMBASE (1980 - February 2002), CINAHL (1982 - December 2001), PsycINFO (1887 - February 2002), ERIC (1965 - December 2001) and LILACS (1982 - March 2002). Reference lists of articles identified electronically were searched for further relevant publications. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of adults or @entity1 with @entity72 . Treatment was @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ) or other sound therapies involving listening to music modified by filtering and modulation. Control groups could be no treatment, waiting list, usual therapy or placebo equivalent. Outcomes sought were changes in core and associated features of @entity72 , auditory processing, quality of life and adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All outcome data reported in included papers were continuous. Initial intention was to undertake meta-analyses using mean difference and standard deviation to take into account differences between treatment and control groups at baseline. These data were not available. Instead, point estimates and standard errors were calculated from t-test scores and post intervention means. Meta-analysis was attempted but deemed inappropriate at present. MAIN RESULTS: No trials assessing sound therapies other than @entity2167 were found. Six RCTs of @entity2167 , including one cross-over trial, were identified with a total of 171 individuals aged 3-39 years. Four trials had fewer than 20 @entity1 . Allocation concealment was inadequate for all of the studies. Seventeen different outcome measures were used. Only two outcomes were used by three or more studies: Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) (5) and Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist (FAPC) (3). Meta-analysis was not possible due to very high heterogeneity (Aberrant Behaviour Checklist subscores), or presentation of data in unusable forms. Three studies (Bettison 1996, Zollweg 1997, Mudford 2000) did not demonstrate benefit of @entity2167 over control conditions. The remaining trials (Veale 1993, Rimland 1995, Edelson 1999) reported improvements at 3 months for the @entity2167 group based on improvements of total mean scores for the ABC, which is of questionable validity. Rimland 1995 also reported improvements at 3 months in the @entity2167 group for ABC subgroup scores. No significant adverse effects of @entity2167 were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed to inform parents', carers' and practitioners' decision making about this therapy for individuals with @entity72 .

title: Auditory integration training and other sound therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['AIT', 'auditory integration therapy']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ["Asperger's Disorder"]

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['Autistic Disorder', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Pervasive Developmental Disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['Semantic-Pragmatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of @entity5215 in process of @entity3884 -rich saline attenuating global @entity2806 -reperfusion (I/R) injury in @entity35 . METHODS: Seventy-two male @entity35 , weighing 280-320 g, were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group I), @entity2806 -reperfusion group (group II), @entity3884 -rich saline group (group III), vehicle group (group IV), @entity6336 inhibitor @entity4287 group (group V), @entity6336 inhibitor+ @entity3884 -rich saline group (group VI). Global cerebral I/R was produced by transesophageal pacing inducing @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) method. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and mechanical ventilation was implemented at the end of 4 min for @entity1167 . In groups III and VI, @entity3884 -rich saline 5 ml/kg was intraperitoneally immediately and 6 hours after reperfusion, while equel volume of nomal saline was injected in the other four groups. The @entity35 in groups V and VI received intracerebroventricular injection of @entity6336 inhibitor @entity4287 10   l 30 min before @entity63 , while group IV received intracerebroventricular injection of equal volume of @entity3733 . Neuro Deficit Score (NDS) was evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion. Then @entity35 were sacrificed, and the global brain tissues were obtained and stained with HE for examination of the changes in pyramidal cells in the @entity1249 region of hippocampus. The bilateral hippocampi were romoved for detection of the expression of p- @entity6336 , @entity6336 and @entity5215 using Western Blotting. RESULTS: Compared with group I, the expression of p- @entity6336 , nuclear @entity5215 and the level of NDS were significantly up-regulated, and the number of pyramidal cells and was decreased in group II and IV. Compared with group II, the expression of p- @entity6336 , nuclear @entity5215 and the level of NDS were significantly down-regulated, and the number of pyramidal cells was increased in group III, V and VI. CONCLUSION: @entity3884 -rich saline can attenuate global cerebral I/R injure through inhibiting @entity6336 , reducing the expression of @entity5215 .

title: [Role of @entity5215 in process of @entity3884 -rich saline attenuating global XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Non-conventional MHC class I MIC molecules interact not with the TCR, but with @entity3223 , a C-type lectin activatory receptor present on most NK, gammadelta and @entity405 (+) alphabeta T cells. While this interaction is critical in triggering/calibrating the cytotoxic activity of these cells, the actual extent of its in vivo involvement, in @entity1 , in @entity281 , @entity5 or @entity792 , needs further assessment. The latter has gained momentum along with the reported expansion of peripheral @entity404 (+)CD28(-) @entity3223 (+) T cells in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We first initiated to extend this report to a larger cohort of not only @entity309 @entity1 , but also those affected by @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity244 ( @entity244 ). In @entity309 and @entity244 , this initial observation was further tested in target tissues: the joint and the salivary glands, respectively. In conclusion and despite occasional and indiscriminate expansion of the previously incriminated T cell subpopulation, no correlation could be observed between the @entity404 (+)CD28(-) @entity3223 (+) and auto-immunity. Moreover, in situ, the presence of @entity3223 matched that of @entity405 (+), but not that of @entity404 (+) T cells. In parallel, a total body tissue scan of both @entity1531 and @entity1532 transcription clearly shows that despite original presumptions, and with the exception of the central nervous system, both genes are widely transcribed and therefore possibly translated and membrane-bound. Extending this analysis to a number of @entity1 @entity5 did not reveal a coherent pattern of expression vs. normal tissues. Collectively these data question previous assumptions, correlating a tissue-specific expression/induction of MIC in relevance to auto-immune or @entity5 processes.

title: In vivo expression pattern of XXXX and @entity1532 and its relevance to auto-immunity and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1531 :: (100507436,Gene) :: ['MICA']


abstract: The role of @entity37654 , a centrally acting muscle relaxant in relieving painful @entity2473 is recently being discussed. The present study hypothesizes that the prophylactic use of @entity37654 may effectively relieve post-exercise muscle @entity925 , based on the @entity2473 theory of exercise @entity158 . Twenty male volunteers, aged 25.2 +/- 0.82 years (mean +/- SEM) participated in 10 sessions in which they received oral treatment with placebo or the centrally acting muscle relaxant @entity37654 (150 mg) three times daily for 8 days, in randomized crossover double-blind design. Time course assessments were made for pressure @entity158 threshold, Likert's @entity158 score (0-5), @entity158 areas, range of abduction, isometric force, and electromyography (EMG) root mean square (RMS) during maximum voluntary isometric force on day 1 and 6, immediately after an eccentric exercise of first dorsal interosseous muscle, and 24 and 48 h after the exercise. Treatment with placebo or @entity37654 was initiated immediately after the assessments on the first day baseline assessments. On the sixth day baseline investigations were repeated and then the subjects performed six bouts of standardized intense eccentric exercise of first dorsal interosseous muscle for provocation of post-exercise muscle @entity925 (PEMS). Perceived intensity of warmth, tiredness, @entity925 and @entity158 during the exercise bouts were recorded on a 10 cm visual analogue @entity158 scale. VAS scores and pressure @entity158 thresholds did not differ between @entity37654 and placebo treatment. All VAS scores increased during the exercise bouts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as compared to bout 1. Increased @entity158 scores and @entity158 areas were reported immediately after, 24 and 48 h after exercise. @entity158 thresholds were reduced at 24 and 48 h after the exercise in the exercised hand. Range of abduction of the index finger was reduced immediately after the exercise and was still reduced at 24 h as compared to the non-exercised hand. The EMG RMS amplitude was also reduced immediately after the exercise, but was increased at 24 and 48 h. Isometric force was reduced immediately after the exercise as compared to days 1, 6, and the 24 and 48 h post-exercise assessments with a greater reduction following the @entity37654 treatment and the reduction was more in @entity37654 group as compared to the placebo group. The results suggest, that the prophylactic intake of @entity37654 provides no relief to @entity158 in course of post-exercise muscle @entity925 but results in reduction in isometric force.

title: Prophylactic @entity37654 for post-exercise muscle XXXX causes reduced isometric force--a double-blind randomized crossover control study.

entities_list: @entity37654 :: ('MESH:D014049', 'Chemical') :: ['tolperisone', 'tolperisone hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['soreness']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasm', 'spasm']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pressure pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['soreness']


abstract: @entity472 is a common @entity4297 for which surgical procedures can be done with low risk except in @entity1 whose conditions are seriously compromised. The purpose of this report was to present our experience with the results of surgical aortic valvotomy for @entity472 performed at our hospital. The study group consisted of 24 @entity1 , 3 females and 21 males, with ages ranging from 1 to 15.5 years (mean age 8.5 years), who underwent aortic valvotomy for @entity472 . The case records of all the @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. They were followed for 1-10.5 years (mean 5.02+/-2.38 years) after relief of @entity472 , and were scheduled for reevaluation. Sixteen of the 24 @entity1 were recatheterized and 15 (93.7%) were found to have @entity337 on angiography. Peak systolic pressure gradients (mean+/-SD) were 65.9+/-19.5 mmHg before and 36.7+/-14.8 mmHg (p<0.05) after the operatilon. Of the 24 @entity1 , 45.8% had a new postoperative diastolic murmur. Twenty @entity1 (83.3%) had residual stenosis and three (12.5%) had recurrent stenosis. Two @entity1 (8.3%) had undergone reoperation six to seven years after the initial aortic valvotomy, and most of the others will require reoperation in the future. No sudden @entity204 occurred in this series. Timely relief of obstruction prevents @entity944 and produces symptomatic improvement in @entity472 , but aortic valvotomy is only a palliative measure.

title: Surgical outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Valvar aortic stenosis', 'congenital valvar aortic stenosis', 'valvar aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['congenital valvar aortic stenosis']


abstract: Although regional differences in semen parameters have been described, little is known about the etiologic factors underlying these variations in male fertility status. We previously reported @entity1 from a rural area (Peer) in Flanders to have lower sperm parameters and free @entity251 than @entity1 from the city of Antwerp. In the present study, our objectives were to investigate to what extent these differences were associated with lifestyle or environmental factors. @entity1 in Peer were slightly older and had a higher body mass index, factors known to affect @entity251 concentrations but not sperm parameters. @entity1 consuming locally produced vegetables (n = 37 of 94) but not fruit had significantly lower serum free @entity251 and luteinizing hormone (LH) (both P = .04) and nonsignificantly lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P = .05). Per unit increase of monthly intake of locally produced vegetables, free @entity251 declined by 0.7% (P = .01) and sperm concentration by 2.3% (P = .04) over the whole range of the explanatory variable, whereas LH declined by 3.6% (P = .02), FSH declined by 3.5% (P = .08), and sperm morphology by 7% (P = .002) in the range of 0-10 consumptions per month. No relationship was found with lifelong exposure to @entity3409 . These results support a hypothesis of impaired gonadotropic signaling causing the regional difference in reproductive parameters. The surprising strong impact of self-grown vegetable consumption did not seem to be related to soil contamination by @entity3409 . We could not exclude pesticide exposure by inappropriate application or other factors such as @entity3147 , physical activity, or stress as contributors to the observed regional differences.

title: Reproductive parameters of community-dwelling XXXX from 2 regions in flanders are associated with the consumption of self-grown vegetables.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Research on somatisation or functional disorders, characterised by the subjective report of physical symptoms in the absence of clear physical pathology, in young @entity1 is limited. This study investigates the distribution, types and co-occurrence of parent-reported @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) and their impairment in a population-based sample of Danish 5-7-year-old @entity1 . Data were obtained from a 5-7-year follow-up of the Copenhagen @entity1 Cohort 2000. The entire study population included 3,000 randomly sampled @entity1 from the cohort. Among these @entity2531 measures were obtained for 1,327 @entity1 . The newly introduced parent interview, the soma assessment interview, was used to assess the @entity1 's @entity2531 . Impairing symptoms were defined as @entity2531 that caused substantial discomfort, impairment of everyday life, absence from day-care or school and/or help-seeking in the health care system. The 1-year prevalence of any @entity2531 was 23.2% (N = 308) and higher in @entity1 than @entity1 (27.6 vs. 18.8%, P < 0.0001). Impairing @entity2531 were found in 4.4% (N = 58). @entity158 complaints, i.e. limb @entity158 , @entity10 and @entity490 , were the most frequently reported @entity2531 . Among the 308 @entity1 with @entity2531 , 66 (21.4%) presented with two or more of these functional @entity158 complaints, while 15 (4.9%) had all three types. The findings indicate that @entity2531 are common health complaints in 5-7-year-old @entity1 . A subgroup with impairing @entity2531 with a likely need of clinical intervention was identified. This suggests that a somatisation pattern may start early in life and call for future studies to include associated impairment in the investigation of childhood @entity2531 .

title: Functional somatic symptoms and associated impairment in 5-7-year-old @entity1 : the Copenhagen XXXX Cohort 2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['FSS', 'functional somatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic-assisted surgery for @entity14 has been widely spread worldwide. To avoid the invasiveness of abdominal wound and get better good-looking, incisionless laparoscopic low anterior resection with transanal natural orifice specimen extraction using prolapsing technique for @entity5 has been developed in our center. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term outcomes of this technique. METHODS: From January 2013 to October 2013, twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity189 were treated by incisionless laparoscopic low anterior resection, and the data of these @entity1 were collected and retrospectively analyzed to assess the value of this technique. RESULTS: All operations were successfully accomplished without conversion to open surgery or laparoscopic-assisted surgery. The mean operation time was 135 minutes. The mean @entity190 was 50 ml. The mean first bowel movement was 48 hours. The post-operative hospital stay was 9 days. All @entity1 had clean distal margin and the mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 18. One @entity1 had @entity834 . CONCLUSIONS: Incisionless laparoscopic low anterior resection with transanal natural orifice specimen extraction using prolapsing technique for @entity5 appears to be feasible, safe and oncologically acceptable with a satisfactory short-term outcome for selected cases.

title: [Short-term outcomes of incisionless laparoscopic low anterior resection using prolapsing technique for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2849 and @entity2548 of renal arteries are rare clinical lesions. Invasive renal procedures may lead to @entity2849 or @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ). We report two @entity2849 and @entity2548 cases that were treated by transcatheter embolization with metallic coils. The first case is @entity8 after nephrectomy in a @entity1 with a solid @entity703 . The second case is right main renal artery AVF with @entity2849 after both gunshot injury and nephrectomy. On the basis of color Doppler sonography and computed tomography (CT) findings, cases were diagnosed as @entity2849 after nefrectomy. Contrast-enhanced CT scans showed a hyperdense area within the @entity1410 consistent with @entity2849 . Endovascular treatment with coil embolization succeeds to @entity432 . Delayed @entity548 related to postnephrectomy may be life-threatening conditions because of diagnostic difficulties. AVF and @entity2849 can be treated safely and successfully by transcatheter @entity1416 .

title: XXXX after nephrectomy: two cases treated by transcatheter coil embolization.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left main renal artery pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion in renal artery pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'giant pseudoaneurysm', 'Pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Pseudoaneurysm and renal arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effects of Oenothera laciniata @entity1042 extract (OLME) in vitro by using melan-a cells. The total @entity3978 and @entity3096 content of OLME was 66.3 and 19.0 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability, @entity16376 (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity, and @entity224 dismutase (SOD)-like activity of OLME (500  g/mL) were 94.5%, 95.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. OLME and @entity33636 treatment at 50  g/mL significantly decreased melanin content by 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME and @entity33636 treatment at 50  g/mL significantly inhibited intra-cellular @entity11442 activity by 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME (50  g/mL) significantly decreased @entity11442 , @entity18259 ( @entity18259 ), @entity22920 , and @entity4353 -associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M) mRNA expression by 57.1%, 67.3%, 99.0%, and 77.0%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). @entity33636 (50  g/mL) significantly decreased @entity11442 , @entity18259 , and @entity22920 mRNA expression by 24.2%, 42.9%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). However, @entity33636 (50  g/mL) did not affect MITF-M mRNA expression. Taken together, OLME showed a good antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect in melan-a cells that was superior to that of @entity33636 , a well-known skin-whitening agent. The potential mechanism underlying the anti-melanogenic effect of OLME was inhibition of @entity11442 activity and down-regulation of @entity11442 , @entity18259 , @entity22920 , and MITF-M mRNA expression.

title: Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Oenothera laciniata XXXX Extract in Melan-a Cells.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity33636 :: ('MESH:D001104', 'Chemical') :: ['Arbutin', 'arbutin']

entities_list: @entity16376 :: ('MESH:C002502', 'Chemical') :: ["2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity18259 :: ('7306', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein-1', 'TRP-1']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['Methanol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The conventional @entity1050 used 10 mm drill holes associated with a lack of structural support. Thus, alternative methods such as a @entity11608 implant, small drill holes, and biological treatment were developed to prevent deterioration of the joint. The treatment of @entity1050 by multiple 3.2 mm drill holes could reduce the @entity2249 and partial weight bearing was allowed. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity2530 intervention rod versus core decompression using multiple small drill holes on early stages of @entity39 of the femoral head. METHOD: From January 2011 to January 2012, 60 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity2530 with core decompression were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on the type of core decompression used: (1) a total of 30 @entity2530 @entity1 (with 16 hips on Steinburg stage   ,20 hips on Steinburg stage   ) were treated with a porous @entity11608 rod insertion. The diameter of the drill hole for the intervention rod was 10mm.(2) a total of 30 @entity2530 @entity1 (with 14 hips on Steinburg stage   ,20 hips on Steinburg stage   ) were treated with core decompression using five drill holes on the lateral femur, the diameter of the hole was 3.2 mm. The average age of the @entity1 was 32.6 years (20-45 years) and the average time of follow-up was 25.6 months (12- 28 months) in the rod implanted group. The average age of the @entity1 was 35.2 years (22- 43 years) and the average time of follow-up was 26.3 months (12-28 months) in the small drill holes group. RESULTS: The average of surgical time was 40 min, and the mean volume of @entity190 was 30 ml in both surgical groups. The average of Harris score was improved from 56.2    7.1 preoperative to 80.2    11.4 at the last follow-up in the rod implanted group (p < 0.05). The mean Harris score was improved from 53.8    6.6 preoperative to 79.7    13.2 at the last follow-up in the small drill holes group (p<0. 05). No significant difference was observed in Harris score between the two groups. At the last follow-up, 28 of 36 hips were at the same radiographic stages as pre-operation, and 8 deteriorated in the rod implanted group. 26 of 34 hips were at the same radiographic stage as pre-operation, and 8 deteriorated in the small drill holes group. No significant difference was observed in radiographic stage between the two groups. There was no favourable result on the outcome of a @entity11608 intervention implant compared to multiple small drill holes. DISCUSSION: @entity1050 via multiple small drill holes would allow similar postoperative load-bearing and seems to result in similar or even better clinical outcome without the prolonged implantation of an expensive @entity11608 implant. A @entity11608 rod intervention and core decompression using multiple small drill holes were effective on the stage I hips rather than stage II hips.

title: Effect of @entity2530 Intervention Rod Versus Core Decompression Using Multiple Small Drill Holes on Early Stages of Necrosis of the Femoral Head: A Prospective Study on a Series of 60 XXXX with a Minimum 1-Year-Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Several authors found that the prognosis of overweight and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 was lower than that of normal weight @entity1 . We present the first study which evaluates the impact of body mass index (BMI) on compliance (i.e. to start a recommended therapy) and persistence to adjuvant @entity0 therapy. An unselected cohort of 766 @entity1 ( <=75 years) diagnosed from 1997 to 2009 was analyzed in relevance to the four adjuvant therapy modalities: (A) radiation, (B) chemotherapy, (C) therapy with trastuzumab, and (D) endocrine therapy. With respect to compliance, multivariate analyses calculated Odds ratios (ORs) >1 for increased BMI in all four therapy modalities, i.e. increased BMI had a positive influence on compliance. The results were significant for radiotherapy (OR,2.37;95%CI,1.45-3.88;p < 0.001) and endocrine therapy (OR,1.92;95%CI,1.21-3.04;p = 0.002) and showed a trend in chemotherapy (OR,1.42;95%CI,0.97-2.08;p = 0.063). Analyzing persistence, increasing BMI had ORs <1 for chemotherapy and therapy with trastuzumab, both not reaching statistical significance. For endocrine therapy, increasing BMI was a significant predictor for persistence (OR,1.35;95%CI,1.08-1.80;p = 0.042). Failure of compliance and persistence to adjuvant therapy does not pose a contributing factor for the observed unfavorable prognosis in overweight/obese @entity0 @entity1 . In most therapy modes, @entity1 with increasing BMI demonstrated a higher motivation and perseverance to the recommended treatment.

title: Impact of body mass index on compliance and persistence to adjuvant XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'obese breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence linking low dose pesticide exposure and chronic ill-health in UK @entity742 farmers is limited. Our aim was to examine whether @entity146 were associated with low dose chronic and/or more acute pesticide exposure in @entity742 farmers. METHODS: A cohort of British farmers working in the 1970s was sent a screening questionnaire which asked about their health and work history. The prevalence of screen-positive @entity308 , @entity303 , @entity304 and @entity16 was determined using a priori algorithms. Self-reported pesticide exposure was assessed by whether the @entity1 had ever handled the pesticide concentrate (for low dose chronic exposure) or sought advice for pesticide @entity4968 (acute exposure) and @entity1 categorised into those with only acute or chronic exposure, those with both acute and chronic exposure and those with neither acute nor chronic exposure. Associations between acute and chronic pesticide exposure, and screen-positive ill-health were determined after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, occupation and somatic severity scores and other variables. RESULTS: In those @entity1 , who had never sought advice for pesticide @entity4968 , handling the pesticide concentrate for treating @entity742 was associated with elevated ORs for @entity16 (ORadi 1.57 95%CI 0.97-2.54) and @entity304 (ORadj 1.56 95%CI 0.95-2.56) but not @entity308 or @entity303 . In those @entity1 who had handled the pesticide concentrate, seeking advice for pesticide @entity4968 was associated with screen-positive @entity308 (Odds ratio, ORadj=9.97 95%CI 4.76-20.8 ), @entity303 (OR=6.94 95%CI 3.44-14.0), @entity304 (ORadj=4.77 95% 2.39-9.52), and @entity16 (ORadj=4.77 95%CI 2.39-9.52). Adjustment for somatic severity score modified little the associations with pesticide handling in those not acutely exposed but reduced the ORs for seeking advice for pesticide @entity4968 in those exposed chronically. Furthermore, stratification of results based upon somatic severity score indicated that the highest ORs for handling the pesticide concentrate associated with @entity16 and @entity304 were found in those @entity1 whose somatic score was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Results are consistent with low-dose exposure to pesticides being associated with @entity16 and @entity304 but the stronger associations between seeking advice for pesticide @entity4968 and screen-positive ill-health suggest that acute pesticide exposure remains an important determinant of ill-health. Further work is required to better delineate to what extent low dose exposures may contribute to ill-health in populations without acute exposures. Somatising tendency does not appear to play an important role in this population.

title: Pesticide exposure and screen-positive XXXX in British @entity742 farmers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['screen-positive neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from @entity2523 (Pg-LPS) on gingival @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in @entity35 . A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from @entity526 (Ec-LPS) on @entity568 and @entity1505 levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS (1  g/1  L) or Ec-LPS (1 or 6  g/1  L) was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg  mL(-1) of @entity568 basally; basal @entity1505 levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. @entity22517 -LPS failed to alter @entity568 levels but markedly increased @entity1505 levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither @entity568 nor @entity1505 were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and @entity7942 mRNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that @entity21140 and @entity7942 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival @entity1505 without affecting @entity568 . The present results suggest that @entity21140 but not @entity7942 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival @entity1505 in @entity35 .International Journal of Oral Science advance online publication, 5 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ijos.2015.9.

title: Intragingival injection of XXXX -derived lipopolysaccharide induces a transient  increase in gingival @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, but not interleukin-6, in anaesthetised @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: @entity583 is associated with an inflammatory response, ultimately leading to healing and scar formation. Reperfused @entity583 exhibit an enhanced inflammatory reaction, and are associated with improved cardiac repair and @entity1 survival. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the inflammatory mechanisms mediating injury and repair following @entity741 and reperfusion. @entity296 is associated with complement activation and free radical generation, triggering a cytokine cascade and chemokine upregulation. @entity687 and @entity2242 are released in the @entity63 , and may have a crucial role in neutrophil recruitment. Extravasated neutrophils may induce potent cytotoxic effects through the release of proteolytic enzymes and the adhesion with Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 expressing cardiomyocytes. However, despite these potentially injurious effects, the post-reperfusion inflammatory response may significantly enhance healing. @entity2842 is induced in the infarcted area and may regulate mononuclear cell recruitment. Accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages, and mast cells may increase expression of growth factors inducing angiogenesis and fibroblast accumulation in the @entity1188 . In addition, expression of cytokines inhibiting the inflammatory response, such as @entity688 may suppress injury. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors regulate extracellular matrix deposition and play an important role in mediating ventricular remodeling. Inflammatory mediators may induce recruitment of blood-derived primitive stem cells in the @entity1188 , which may differentiate into endothelial cells and even lead to limited myocardial regeneration. Understanding the cellular and molecular steps involved in regulating @entity1188 healing may lead to specific interventions aimed at optimizing cardiac repair.

title: Inflammatory mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['healing infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The colour change of @entity35192 ( @entity22717 ) dyes induced by surfactants at concentrations much greater than their critical micellar concentrations is found to be accompanied by enhanced fluorescence. Thus, the otherwise weak fluorescence of TPM dyes can be detected using supramicellar surfactant concentrations. In this respect, the nonionic @entity968 (POE) chain-containing surfactants are found to be more efficient compared with ionic surfactants. The POE surfactants, @entity6000 , @entity9266 and @entity9266 present a polymer-like surface to the dyes, which can thus easily bind to them. At supramicellar concentrations, the hydrophobic environment formed in these micelles is effective in preventing nonradiative relaxation processes of the dyes. As a result, there is enhanced fluorescence for even micromolar concentrations of the dyes. Among the Tween series, @entity9266 being more hydrophobic leads to greater fluorescence enhancement than @entity9266 . From the fluorescence properties, binding constants for dye binding to the surfactants can be determined. Thus the relative efficiency of these surfactants as binding substrates can be assessed. Another interesting observation is that the electrolyte @entity4113 in presence of the surfactants leads to even larger fluorescence enhancement than the surfactants alone.

title: Enhanced fluorescence of XXXX dyes in aqueous surfactant solutions at supramicellar concentrations--effect of added electrolyte.

entities_list: @entity35192 :: ('MESH:C046945', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylmethane']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyoxyethylene']

answer: @entity35192 :: (MESH:C046945,Chemical) :: ['triphenylmethane']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the surgical technique of phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens(IOL) implantation in eyes with posterior polar @entity231 and the managements of @entity260 . METHODS: Phacoemulsification with removal of posterior plaque, or continuous curvilinear posterior capsulorhexis and foldable IOL implantation were carried out after topical anesthesia in 46 cases (61 eyes) with age ranging from 38 to 78 years old (average 57). RESULTS: All eyes were implanted foldable IOL. Fifty-one eyes revealed intact posterior capsule, six of which revealed @entity3236 . Ten eyes developed posterior capsule @entity397 . However, four eyes need to perform anterior vitrectomy. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in one eye with @entity1596 and secondary @entity726 induced by soft shell of nucleus sank into the vitreous cavity. Fifty-eight in 61 IOL were implanted in the capsular bags, while 3 IOLs were fixed in the ciliary sulcus. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation is an effective method to treat posterior polar @entity231 . Dealing with the posterior plaque during phacoemulsification carefully may decrease @entity260 and remarkably improve postoperative visual acuity.

title: [Phacoemulsification in eyes with posterior polar XXXX and foldable intraocular lens implantation].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications', 'intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: In vivo models utilizing orthotopic injection of @entity5 cells into @entity19 have proven valuable for the study of @entity3 . However, @entity0 are among the more difficult of @entity1 @entity5 to grow in @entity465 @entity19 , with a relatively low @entity5 take. Fewer still develop spontaneous @entity3 . The injection of GI101A @entity0 cells into the mammary fatpad (mfp) produced lung @entity3 in 25% of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Selecting cells from the lung @entity3 and recycling in vivo resulted in the isolation of a series of variant cell lines. These cell lines were tested for tumorigenicity and @entity3 in @entity19 following mfp injection compared with the original cell line, and in vitro expression of factors associated with the metastatic phenotype measured. The in vivo selected cell lines were more aggressive, with higher @entity5 take, faster local growth rate and increased incidence (> or = 85%) and extent of lung @entity3 . However, the @entity3 -selected variants showed no increases in expression of the growth factor receptors @entity12841 or @entity7171 , and the pro-angiogenic factors @entity1611 and @entity3806 . Immunohistochemistry of mfp @entity5 revealed no differences in microvessel density (counting CD-31 positive structures) and cell proliferation (PCNA-positive cells) comparing the GI101A line with selected variants. No TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the @entity5 of the @entity3 -derived variant, with a small number of cells undergoing apoptosis detected in sections of GI101A @entity5 . In vitro, the @entity3 -derived variants were found to have a more robust expression of phosphorylated PKB/Akt, with or without EGF or serum stimulation, suggesting an association between Akt activation and metastatic ability. This new series of isogenic cell lines may be valuable for identifying molecular mechanisms involved in the metastatic progression of @entity0 .

title: Selection of more aggressive variants of the gI101A @entity1 XXXX cell line: a model for analyzing the metastatic phenotype of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The urachus is a tubular structure extending from the dome of the bladder to the umbilicus. Normally, this allantoic and cloacal remnant obliterates into a fibrous band by late fetal development. @entity854 include a patent urachus, @entity6089 , umbilical urachal sinus, and a vesicourachal diverticulum. These abnormalities are most often asymptomatic and only come to clinical attention when associated with @entity281 . A 2-month-old male @entity1 presented to our tertiary pediatric hospital with several days of intermittent fevers and a focal region of swelling and erythema over the umbilicus. On physical examination, a tender mass was palpated in the umbilical region. Ultrasound revealed a long tubular structure coursing from the dome of the bladder anteriorly and superiorly to the subumbilical region. This tubular structure was fluid filled with internal echoes suggestive of @entity281 with @entity733 formation. The @entity733 was drained surgically, at which time a patent urachus was also excised. This case demonstrates the importance of having a thorough understanding of @entity154 when evaluating @entity1 presenting with umbilical pathology.

title: Ultrasound Evaluation of XXXX in a Young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['urachal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Urachal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess', 'urachal abscess']

entities_list: @entity6089 :: ('MESH:D014496', 'Disease') :: ['urachal cyst']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['Urachal Abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent theory in pathogenesis of @entity731 has focused on the pathobiology of the artery wall including the emerging influence of the @entity842 (NO) system on thrombogenicity and trigger mechanisms leading to morphologic changes culminating in the stenotic plaque. Therefore, diagnostic evaluation of disturbances in NO bioavailability might be of prognostic relevance regarding primary prevention of @entity65 . Disturbances in NO production can be measured noninvasively with conventional high-resolution ultrasound. On the other hand, particularly in individuals with @entity6 , microalbuminuria is thought to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Thereby it is still unknown, whether an increase in @entity8 can be regarded as an indicator of @entity409 , or whether other partial functions such as the @entity842 system might be disturbed earlier. PROBANDS AND METHODS: Therefore, the NO system and @entity8 were examined in 129 subjects (56 with type 2 @entity6 and 73 nondiabetics). @entity842 production was assessed by measuring @entity450 ( @entity450 ) of the brachial artery using a 13-MHz linear array. Comparison was done between subjects with disturbed endothelial NO production ( @entity450 < 5%) and subjects with normal regulation of the vascular tone ( @entity450 > 5%). RESULTS: In normoalbuminuric individuals (< 20 microg/min, and < 20 mg/l, respectively), neither for the group of subjects with type 2 @entity6 nor in the group of nondiabetics, relevant differences could be found in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) rate between subjects with disturbed and normal @entity450 ( @entity8 in diabetics 4.8 +/- 5.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 5.1 mg/l and in nondiabetics 5.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 4.9 +/- 2.7 microg/min). Both groups were well balanced regarding other risk factors of the @entity209 ( @entity299 /diastolic blood pressure, @entity413 and lipid metabolism). Furthermore, comparison of @entity450 in subjects with microalbuminuria (20-200 microg/min and 20-200 mg/l, respectively, n = 18) versus normoalbuminuric individuals (n = 111) again did not reveal a significant difference for the @entity6 group ( @entity450 median 4.3% [range 1.8-7.6%] vs. 5.0% [range 1.1-9.1%]) nor for the nondiabetic group ( @entity450 median 4.7% [range 3.1-13.3%] vs. 5.2% [range -1.2-31.6%]). However, this analysis underlined the considerable influence of the classic cardiovascular risk factors. Particularly in the nondiabetic group, individuals with microalbuminuria showed higher blood pressure (p = 0.05) and a higher body mass index (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: From these results, it is concluded that both procedures ( @entity8 rate and the measurement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation) investigate two independent disturbances of the vascular wall. Furthermore, these results lead to the hypothesis that disturbances in endothelial NO production occur early and may already be operative before @entity8 increases. Thus, for the purpose of actually identifying cardiovascular high-risk subjects early, peripheral @entity409 should be measured in addition to @entity8 rate.

title: [Urinary albumin excretion and noninvasive assessment of peripheral @entity409 with high-resolution ultrasound in type 2 XXXX subjects and nondiabetic controls].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RAE', 'renal albumin excretion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['global endothelial dysfunction', 'endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7190 (ORN) is a common and serious complication of head and neck radiotherapy for which there is little reliable evidence for prevention or treatment. The diagnosis and classification of ORN have been inconsistently and imprecisely defined, even in clinical trials. METHODS: A systematic review of diagnosis and classifications of ORN with specific focus on clinical trials is presented. The most suitable classification was evaluated for consistency using blinded independent review of outcome data (clinical photographs and radiographs) in the HOPON trial. RESULTS: Of 16 ORN classifications found, only one (Notani) appeared suitable as an endpoint in clinical trials. Clinical records of 217 timepoints were analysed amongst 94 randomised @entity1 in the HOPON trial. The only inconsistency in classification arose where @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were apparent, which occurred in 19% of @entity1 . Some trial investigators judged @entity79 as clinically unimportant and not reflecting ORN, others classified as ORN based on @entity2003 in common clinical use. When @entity79 was added as a distinct category to the Notani classification this ambiguity was resolved and agreement between observers was achieved. DISCUSSION: Most definitions and clinical classifications are based on retrospective case series and may be unsuitable for prospective interventional trials of ORN prevention or treatment. When ORN is used as a primary or secondary outcome in prospective clinical trials, the use of Notani classification with the additional category of @entity79 is recommended as it avoids subjectivity and enhances reliability and consistency of reporting.

title: Refining the definition of @entity7190 in clinical trials: The cancer research UK HOPON trial (Hyperbaric Oxygen for the Prevention of XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['minor bone spicules', 'MBS']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid definitions']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['Mandibular osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity7190 :: (MESH:D010025,Disease) :: ['Osteoradionecrosis']


abstract: Sixteen healthy @entity1641 with no history of skin or @entity1576 were used for an intradermal testing (IDT) threshold study, in order to determine the concentrations of 13 commercial allergenic insect extracts most appropriate for IDT. Five dilutions of each extract were used, which included the manufacturer's recommended concentrations for @entity1641 IDT, plus one dilution higher and three lower than these standard concentrations. Allergens tested included caddisfly (Trichoptera spp.), mayfly (Ephemeroptera spp.), horsefly (Tabanus spp.), deerfly (Chrysops spp.), fire ant ( @entity15173 ), black ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus), cockroach mix ( @entity564 and @entity13377 ), mosquito ( @entity4224 ), house @entity238 (Musca domestica), moth (Heterocera spp.), flea (Ctenocephalides canis/ @entity24723 ), Culicoides variipennis and Culicoides nubeculosis. Two separate methods were used to calculate the allergen concentration for each insect extract where the normal @entity1641 , as a group, ceased to show @entity146 . 'Irritant' threshold concentrations were determined for 9/13 of these allergens, whereas the other 4 were undetermined due to either insufficient reactivity (flea, C. variipennis) or excessive reactivity (black ant, moth) to the concentrations tested. Recommended concentrations for future use in @entity1641 @entity1 with suspected insect hypersensitivity include: 125 pnu @entity19264 (mayfly); 250 pnu @entity19264 (caddisfly, horsefly, deerfly, fire ant, house @entity238 ); 500 pnu @entity19264 (cockroach); 1000 pnu @entity19264 (mosquito); and 1:10 000 w/v (C. nubeculosis).

title: Determination of 'irritant' threshold concentrations for intradermal testing with allergenic insect extracts in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ["false-positive ('irritant') reactions"]

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['Blattella germanica']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity15173 :: ('13686', 'Species') :: ['Solenopsis invicta']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We discuss the clinical aspects related to mechanical @entity340 based upon 20 years' experience of our cases. METHODS: Between January 1982 and December 2001, 21 @entity1 underwent surgical interventions because of mechanical @entity340 . Thirteen @entity1 and 8 @entity1 (mean age 47 +/- 20, range 3-75 years-old), were included. RESULTS: @entity339 was observed in 12 @entity1 . @entity849 occurred in 6 @entity1 between 2 and 224 months, and @entity2478 in 4 between 1 and 71 months after surgery. The other 2 @entity1 suffered from @entity5714 with mild @entity2478 between 102 and 104 months after surgery. @entity886 was observed in 8 @entity1 including 3 stenotic lesions between 48 and 97 months and 5 @entity2478 between 3 and 150 months after surgery. @entity997 was seen in 1 @entity1 with a huge right atrium at 42 months after surgery. Early @entity204 was seen in 1 @entity1 . Late @entity204 occurred in 1 @entity1 , 17 years after operation. Survival, including early @entity204 , was 95.2%, at 10 and 15 years. One valve-related complication of @entity340 at the mitral and tricuspid positions occurred 12 years after a reoperation. The freedom from complications was 95.2% at 10 years, and 76.2% at 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2478 without overt @entity884 had latency periods of up to 12 years, and @entity2070 formation was observed 20 years after surgery. Early and late clinical results after surgery for mechanical @entity340 were excellent.

title: When and how does nonstructural mechanical prosthetic XXXX occur?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Paravalvular leaks', 'paravalvular leaks']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['Prosthetic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['bioprosthetic valve endocarditis', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['heart valve dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a widely studied phenomenon in health care. This study aimed to identify which factors can be extracted from a generic 16-dimension (16D) HRQoL instrument in a sample of adolescents seeking help for early @entity146 symptoms. METHODS: Data were collected at the @entity580 ( @entity580 ), Finland, by an early intervention team. In total, 394 help-seeking adolescents (mean age 15.3 years, @entity168 2.14 years, 183 @entity1 and 211 @entity1 ) completed a 16D HRQoL questionnaire. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis (generalized least squares method, promax rotation) identified four factors in the 16D instrument. The first factor of "psychophysiological health" included the dimensions of vitality, breathing, distress, @entity25 , physical appearance, mental functioning and @entity308 . The second factor, "physical and social health", consisted of the items discomfort and symptoms, friends and elimination. The items hearing, eating and speech were loaded on factor three, "health in somatosensory functioning". Moreover, the single item of school and hobbies was loaded on factor four, "health in functioning ability". However, the items of vision and mobility were not loaded on any factor. Since the 16D instrument was originally designed for 11-15-year-old adolescents, analysis was repeated using a subsample of this age group (n = 245). CONCLUSIONS: The results here suggest that the 16D instrument consists of four factors and forms its own latent variable structure in this specific sample of adolescents seeking help for early @entity146 symptoms. However, items such as vision, mobility and school and hobbies should be interpreted with caution as a part of the factor structure of a 16D instrument among this population.

title: Exploratory factor analysis of a 16D Health-Related Quality of Life instrument with adolescents seeking help for early XXXX symptoms.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HUCH', 'Helsinki University Central Hospital']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Opioids are used to manage all types of @entity158 including acute, @entity5 , chronic @entity9 . Unfortunately, opioid-related adverse effects such as @entity1576 , tolerance, physical @entity734 and addiction have led to an underutilization of these compounds for adequate @entity158 relief. One strategy to improve the therapeutic utility of opioids is to co-administer them with other analgesic agents such as agonists acting at a2-adrenergic receptors (a2ARs). Analgesics acting at a2ARs and opioid receptors (ORs) frequently synergize when co-administered in vivo. Multimodal analgesic techniques offer advantages over single drug treatments as synergistic combination therapies produce @entity1337 at lower doses, thus reducing undesired side effects. This inference presumes, however, that the synergistic interaction is limited to the analgesic effects. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of @entity23926 /OR combination therapy in acute antinociception and in the often-undesired side effects of sedation and @entity65 in awake unrestrained @entity19 . @entity1286 , @entity1338 or their combination was administered by spinal or systemic injection in awake mice. Antinociception was determined using the warm water tail flick assay (52.5  C). @entity73 was evaluated using the accelerating rotarod assay and cardiovascular function was monitored by pulse oximetry. Data were converted to percent maximum possible effect and isobolographic analysis was performed to determine if an interaction was subadditive, additive or synergistic. Synergistic interactions between @entity1286 and @entity1338 were observed in the antinociceptive but not in the sedative/motor or cardiovascular effects. As a result, the therapeutic window was improved    200-fold and antinociception was achieved at non-sedating doses with little to no @entity65 . In addition, combination therapy resulted in greater maximum analgesic efficacy over either drug alone. These data support the utility of combination adrenergic/opioid therapy in @entity158 management for antinociceptive efficacy with reduced side-effect liability.

title: @entity1286 and XXXX combination therapy improves therapeutic window in @entity19 : synergy in antinociceptive but not in sedative or cardiovascular effects.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Sedation/motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic and inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel bone marrow sampling technique utilized in a @entity235 diagnosed with secondary dysmyelopoiesis. CASE SUMMARY: A 1.5-year-old female spayed Lhasa Apso was treated for generalized @entity410 , @entity1174 , and severe @entity295 . Pertinent history included administration of @entity109 (2.1 mg/kg PO q 12 h) for the 6 months prior to presentation for suspected @entity3762 . Initial @entity1431 and @entity882 was attributed to underlying @entity295 and @entity5642 . Progressive decline @entity1358 ( @entity16111 , @entity1431 , @entity882 , and @entity417 ), along with history of @entity109 administration, suggested @entity2590 . Bone marrow cytology via serial costochondral rib aspirates confirmed secondary dysmyelopoiesis. @entity109 therapy was abruptly discontinued and replaced with alternative anticonvulsant therapy. Complete resolution of the observed @entity1431 , @entity882 , and @entity417 were observed 2 weeks after discontinuation of @entity109 . NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: Costochondral rib aspirate appears to be a simple, viable method for bone marrow evaluation in @entity235 . Dysmyelopoiesis is a rare adverse effect of @entity109 administration that can possess fatal consequences if not quickly recognized. Prompt diagnosis and discontinuation of the inciting drug is imperative to successful case management. Prognosis for return of bone marrow function appears good following drug discontinuation.

title: Diagnosis of secondary dysmyelopoiesis via costochondral rib aspirate in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['in all cell lines']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The MADS box transcription factor SrfA is required for spore differentiation in @entity4328 . srfA null strains form rounded spores that do not resist adverse environmental conditions. Five genes whose expression is dependent on SrfA have been isolated by differential hybridization. One of these genes, sigC, is identical to phg1b, previously characterized in mutants with altered adhesive properties and found to encode a nine-transmembrane-domain protein. This gene is transcribed into two mRNAs as the result of alternative splicing of two internal exons. The slower-migrating mRNA codes for a shorter protein that lacks the first transmembrane fragment and is not expressed in srfA null strains. The other four genes (sigA, sigB, sigD, and 45D) are expressed only during late developmental stages. In situ hybridization experiments showed that expression of sigA, sigB, and sigD is restricted to the sorus of developing structures. sigA codes for a homologue of @entity5910 dehydrogenase that converts @entity2388 to @entity5910 to replenish the @entity6626 cycle. sigB encodes a protein with significant similarity to the GP63 metalloproteinase of Leishmania, leishmanolysin. The sequence of SigD is highly similar to that of several spore coat proteins of @entity4328 , and it may play a role in that structure. The gene 45D codes for an RNA-binding protein homologue whose expression is also dependent on the GATA transcription factor stalky (StkA). The expression of sigB is also dependent on both SrfA and StkA. The expression of 45D, but not of sigA, sigB, sigC, and sigD, can be induced in srfA null cells by constitutive protein kinase A activation. Strains in which either sigA, sigB, or sigD is disrupted were isolated and found to form spores that are not detectably different from those of wild-type strains.

title: XXXX developmentally regulated genes whose expression is dependent on MADS box transcription factor SrfA.

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Ygastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) rank among the most frequently applied bariatric procedures worldwide due to their positive risk/benefit correlation. A systematic review revealed a similar excess @entity353 (EWL) 2  years postoperatively between SG and RYGB. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled multi-centre trials comparing SG and RYGB, not only concerning EWL, but also in terms of remission of @entity28 -related  co-morbidities, @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and quality of life (QoL) in the mid- and long-term. METHODS: The BariSurg trial was designed as a multi-centre, randomized controlled @entity1 and observer blind trial. The trial protocol was approved by the corresponding ethics committees of the centres. To demonstrate EWL non-inferiority of SG compared to RYGB, power calculation was performed according to a non-inferiority study design. Morbidity, mortality, remission of @entity28 -related  co-morbidities, @entity354 course and QoL are major secondary endpoints. 248 @entity1 between 18 and 70  years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 35-60  kg/m(2) and indication for bariatric surgery according to the most recent German S3-guidelines will be randomized. The primary and secondary endpoints will be assessed prior to  surgery and afterwards at discharge and at  the time points 3-6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60  months postoperatively. DISCUSSION: With its five year follow-up, the BariSurg-trial will provide further evidence based data concerning the impact of SG and RYGB on EWL, remission of @entity28 -related  co-morbidities, the course of @entity354 and QoL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial protocol has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004766 .

title: BariSurg trial: Sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in @entity28 XXXX with BMI 35-60  kg/m(2) - a multi-centre randomized @entity1 and observer blind non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8968 or @entity130 can result in significant injury to the contralateral testicle. Antisperm autoantibodies are thought to play a significant role in this phenomenon. It has been reported that early surgical repair of the vas, before the development of antisperm autoantibodies, will prevent any potential damage to the contralateral testicle. This led us to investigate the timing of the antisperm antibody production and to attempt to determine whether antibody production precedes histologic testicular damage in the Lewis @entity35 model. In a controlled study, mature @entity35 were divided into temporal groups, with the experimental animals all receiving a unilateral vasectomy. At postoperative endpoints of 1, 7, 15, or 30 days, blood samples were collected for immunologic assay, and the testicles were harvested for histologic examination. Antibody levels were measured by an immunobead test using goat anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated Sepharose beads; tissue sections were fixed in Bouin solution, embedded in @entity982 , and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . There was no statistically significant histologic difference between any of the groups. However, immunologic evaluation revealed a statistically significant increase in immunobead antibody binding in the 30-day group compared to the control groups (P = .02). These data seem to indicate that in this model, antisperm antibody production is not evident until 15-30 days after unilateral @entity130 occurs, and the development of these antibodies precedes any demonstrable histologic damage to the testicle. If it is correct to infer that human antisperm antibody production will also precede histologic testicular damage, and further, that the onset of the @entity1 autoantibody response may vary from several days to weeks, then in cases of suspected or known @entity130 , the clinical monitoring of antisperm antibody levels could enable testicular damage to be predicted prior to its development and thus be avoided.

title: Antisperm autoantibody response after unilateral vas deferens ligation in XXXX : when does it develop?

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ductal injury', 'injury to the vas deferens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded surgical specimens from 55 @entity1653 were immunostained with monoclonal antibody against @entity876 (Immunotech, Marseilles, France). There were 38 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ranging between 9 and 82 years of age. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I (47 @entity1 ) - mildly symptomatic and group II (eight @entity1 ) - severe initial symptoms. There were 43 WHO grade I, 11 WHO grade II, and one WHO grade III @entity1653 according to the 1999 WHO classification of @entity1313 . In group A (n=49), the @entity5 were attached to the dura mater of the skull base, and in group B (n=6) they were not. @entity5 volume ranged from 1.23 cm(3) to 303.37 cm(3). Peritumoral @entity4 was classified into three grades: grade 0 (n=28) no or minimum @entity4 , grade I (n=19) @entity4 reaches at least half of one cerebral hemisphere, and grade II (n=8) holohemispheric @entity4 . Immunostaining for @entity876 was found in the neuronal nuclei of 18 @entity1653 . It was not correlated with gender, age, anatomical location, @entity5 volume, degree of @entity4 , or Simpson's resection grade. Labeling for @entity876 was observed in 9/12 @entity1653 of WHO grades II or III and was correlated with severity of symptoms (P=0.033) and histological grade (P=0.0009). Immunolocalization of @entity876 was not correlated with the degree of @entity5 .

title: @entity876 Protein expression in @entity1653 - a clinicopathologic study of 55 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular complications curtail life expectancy and quality of life in type 1 @entity6 and development at younger ages is particularly detrimental. To date no review has summarised the prevalence or factors predicting their development in young adults. METHODS: A quantitative epidemiological systematic review was conducted to identify the prevalence and predictive factors for development of @entity989 , @entity8 and @entity101 in young adults (sample age mean [plus 1SD] 18-30 years) with type 1 @entity6 , using processes adapted from established review methods set out by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), CINAHL, Science Direct (Elsevier), Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant articles published between 1993 and June 2014. From this eleven papers were retrieved, appraised and results summarised by three reviewers using established methods. RESULTS: Some form of @entity989 occurred in up to almost half of @entity1 ; more severe forms affected up to one in ten. One in six was reported with microalbuminuria; one in 14 had macroalbuminuria. @entity101 occurred in almost one in two @entity1 . Applying out-dated high thresholds this decreased to approximately one in ten @entity1 . Glycaemic control was a consistent predictor of @entity455 in this age group. CONCLUSION: Prevalence rates of @entity989 , @entity8 and @entity101 in young adults with type 1 @entity6 emphasise the importance of regular complication screening for early detection and treatment. The predictive effect of glycaemic control reinforces its importance for prevention of @entity455 .

title: XXXX and factors predictive of their development in young adults with type 1 @entity6 : systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Prevalence of vascular complications']


abstract: The hypolipidemic activity of Cassia tora (Chakvat, Chakunda) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) seeds extract have been studied in two models of @entity407 in @entity35 . In an acute model, @entity407 was induced by injecting a single dose of @entity12218 (400  mg/kg, b.w.) intraperitonially in @entity35 . Feeding with C. tora seed extract at the dose of 500  mg/kg, b.w. exerted significant lipid lowering effect as assessed by the reversal of plasma levels of total @entity165 , phospholipids, @entity412 and reactivation of post heparin lipolytic activity. In the chronic model, @entity407 was induced by feeding with @entity165 rich-HFD in @entity35 . The treatment with seeds extract of C. tora (500  mg/kg, b.w.) simultaneously for 15  days also caused lowering of lipid levels in plasma and liver following reactivation of plasma post heparin lipolytic activity and hepatic lipoprotein lipase activity in animals. The hypolipidemic activity of C. tora seeds was compared with a standard drug guggulipid (200  mg/kg, b.w.) in both models.

title: Hypolipidemic Activity of Cassia tora Seeds in Hyperlipidemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress ulcers and related upper @entity360 are well-known complications in @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 . @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI)-based stress @entity1066 (SUP) has been widely prescribed in noncritically ill @entity1 who are at low risk for clinically significant @entity548 , which is then injudiciously continued after hospital discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of inappropriate prescribing of PPI-based preventative therapy in @entity1213 versus non- @entity1213 @entity1 that subsequently continued postdischarge, and to estimate the costs incurred by the unwarranted outpatient continuation of PPI therapy. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 data at a major teaching hospital in Korea was performed. During the 4-year study period, adult @entity1 who were newly initiated on PPI-based SUP during hospital admission and subsequently discharged on a PPI without a medical indication for such therapy were captured for data analysis. The incidence rates of inappropriate prescribing of PPIs were compared between @entity1213 and non- @entity1213 @entity1 , and the costs associated with such therapy were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 4,410 @entity1 , more than half of the inpatient-initiated PPI users, were deemed to have been inadvertently prescribed a PPI at discharge in the absence of a medical need for acid suppression. The incidence of inappropriate outpatient continuation of the prophylaxis was higher among @entity1213 @entity1 compared with non- @entity1213 @entity1 (57.7% versus 52.2%, respectively; P=0.001). The total expenditure accrued through the continuation of nonindicated PPI therapy was approximately US 40,175. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that excess usage of PPIs for SUP has spread to low-risk, non- @entity1213 @entity1 . The overuse of unwarranted PPI therapy can incur large health care expenditure, as well as clinical complications with minimal therapeutic benefits. Educating clinicians regarding SUP guidelines and the adverse effects of long-term use of acid suppression can improve the cost effectiveness of PPI therapy.

title: Evaluation of costs accrued through inadvertent continuation of hospital-initiated XXXX inhibitor therapy for stress @entity1066 beyond hospital discharge: a retrospective chart review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity7080 :: (495,Gene) :: ['proton pump']


abstract: AIM: The current study assessed the clinical and radiological outcome and motor function improvement after subcutaneous adductor tenotomy in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). It was also analysed if groups with different preoperative hip functions and radiological hip migrations differed in their final clinical, radiological and motor function outcome. METHOD: A prospective study of 91 @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 , mean age 4.9 years, range: 1.1 - 15.8) with 141 @entity572 or subluxations analysed preoperatively the hip abduction and radiologically the @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ). Depending on the preoperative status, all @entity1 were grouped into 3 abduction and 3 @entity4222 groups. Additionally, the motor function was classified according to the Rancho los Amigos scale. A subcutaneous adductor tenotomy was performed mono- or bilaterally and all @entity1 were treated for 4 - 6 weeks with a hip abduction splint. @entity1 were assessed annually for 4 years; clinical and radiological results and the motor function were analysed according to their preoperative status. RESULTS: The mean hip abduction was preoperatively 30.3 +/- 1.2 degrees and was significantly improved to 50.3 +/- 1.3 degrees 1 year and to 43.3 +/- 2.2 degrees 4 years post surgery. The preoperative mean @entity4222 was preoperatively 42.3 +/- 1.3 % and was significantly improved to 34.6 % 1 year and to 31.9 % 4 years post surgery. After 4 years, 41 % had undergone a motor function improvement and 52 % no change in motor function. After 4 years, @entity1 with a hip abduction <or= 20 degrees showed the most improvement; other abduction groups also improved significantly but to a lesser extent. The 4-year @entity4222 was significantly and to a relatively large extent improved in the groups with a preoperative @entity4222 between 25 % and 50 % and above 50 %. With a preoperative @entity4222 <or= 25 %, there was a significant but only slight improvement. The motor function was improved when the preoperative hip abduction was most restricted and the preoperative @entity4222 was high. CONCLUSION The subcutaneous adductor tenotomy in @entity572 and subluxation of @entity1 with @entity306 is a safe procedure that can treat and prevent @entity572 /subluxation in 76 % of the cases. In appropriately selected @entity1 , the number of individuals that are "freely walking" and "walking with aid" can be doubled. @entity4222 and hip abduction are both predictors of therapy outcome.

title: [Prophylaxis and therapy for @entity572 in XXXX with @entity306 ( @entity306 ): motor functional, radiological and clinical results after subcutaneous adductor tenotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'migration percentage']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'hip dislocations']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['infantile cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy', 'ICP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple cycles of high-dose @entity3003 and @entity1311 and one consolidation cycle of high-dose melphalan with all cycles supported by hematopoietic stem cells and cytokine, in previously untreated @entity1 with optimally debulked @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHOD: @entity1 had histologically documented @entity43 and optimal initial cytoreductive surgery. No prior chemotherapy was permitted. Adequate performance status, bone marrow, @entity177 was required. After being mobilized with @entity786 3 g/m(2), @entity1311 300 mg/m(2), and filgrastim 5 microg/kg/day, peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected by leukapheresis. @entity1 received three cycles of @entity3003 AUC 15 mg. min/ml iv, @entity1311 250 mg/m(2), and PBSC with filgrastim every 28 days, followed by one cycle of melphalan 140 mg/m(2) and hematopoietic support. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 entered the trial and received all planned cycles of chemotherapy. Of the eight @entity1 who consented to surgical reassessment upon completing therapy, four had residual small-volume macroscopic disease, three had microscopic @entity66 , and one had pathologic complete response. The estimated probability of a pathologic complete response was 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.3-52.7%). @entity1503 was severe but manageable. Eleven of 45 cycles (24.4%) resulted in hospital admission for @entity221 , dehydration +/- @entity294 , @entity1163 , or @entity1353 and @entity158 secondary to tense @entity843 . CONCLUSIONS: The low pathological complete response rate did not justify @entity137 ; thus, the study was closed. High-dose chemotherapy as first-line treatment for @entity43 remains experimental and should be restricted to clinical trials.

title: Pilot evaluation of high-dose XXXX and @entity1311 followed by high-dose melphalan supported by peripheral blood stem cells in previously untreated advanced @entity43 : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage III epithelial ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic, and renal function']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']