abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe our experience using the RAVINE retractor (K2M, Leesburg, VA, USA) to gain access to the lateral aspect of the lumbar spine through a retroperitoneal approach. Postoperative neurological adverse events, utilising the mentioned retractor system, were recorded and analysed. We included 140 @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion (MI-LLIF) for degenerative spinal conditions between 2011 and 2015 at two major spinal centres. A total of 228 levels were treated, 35% one level, 40% two level, 20% three level and 5% 4 level surgeries. The L4/5 level was instrumented in 28% of cases. 12/140 @entity1 had @entity16 . Immediately after surgery, 5% of @entity1 (7/140) had transient symptoms in the thigh ranging from sensory loss, @entity158 and paraesthesia, all of which recovered within 12weeks following surgery. There were five cases of @entity2096 (3.6% - two ipsilateral and three contralateral), all of which recovered completely with no residual sensory or motor deficit within 6months. MI-LLIF done with help of the described retractor system has proved a safe and efficient way to achieve interbody fusion with minimal complications, mainly nerve related, that recovered quickly. Judicious use of the technique to access the L4/5 level is advised.

title: XXXX using a novel retractor system for direct lateral minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurological complications']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is an alkylating agent used to treat @entity463 . This @entity5 type synthesizes the antioxidant @entity2041 through system X c (-) , which is inhibited by @entity3378 ( @entity16324 ). We exposed A172 and T98G @entity1 @entity463 cells to a presumably clinically relevant concentration of @entity2904 (25    M) and/or 0.5  mM @entity16324 for 1, 3, or 5  days and assessed cell viability. For both cell lines, @entity2904 alone did not alter viability at any time point, while the coadministration of @entity2904 and @entity16324 significantly reduced cell viability after 5  days. The drug combination exerted a synergistic effect on A172 cells after 3 and 5  days. Therefore, this particular lineage was subjected to complementary analyses on the genetic (transcriptome) and functional ( @entity2041 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) protein) levels. Cellular pathways containing differentially expressed genes related to the cell cycle were modified by @entity2904 alone. On the other hand, @entity16324 regulated pathways associated with @entity2041 metabolism and synthesis, irrespective of @entity2904 . Moreover, @entity16324 , but not @entity2904 , depleted the total @entity2041 level. Compared with the vehicle-treated cells, the level of @entity1364 protein was lower in cells treated with @entity2904 alone or in combination with @entity16324 . In conclusion, our data showed that the association of @entity2904 and @entity16324 is cytotoxic to T98G and A172 cells, thus providing useful insights for improving @entity2904 clinical efficacy through testing this novel drug combination. Moreover, the present study not only reports original information on differential gene expression in @entity463 cells exposed to @entity2904 and/or @entity16324 but also describes an antiproliferative effect of @entity2904 , which has not yet been observed in A172 cells.

title: @entity3378 intensifies @entity2903 cytotoxicity in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: The attherosclerosis risk-factors occurrence is studied in the present paper and compared with that of abnormal coronarogram in 376 male subjects. As an abnormal coronarogram is estimated this with at least one of coronaries having more than 50% of lumen obstructed. The abnormal coronarogram occurred significantly with more frequently in male @entity1 with @entity5522 an in smokers (p less than 0.001). In a total of male subjects with positive coronarographic findings, the significantly higher averaged levels of total @entity165 (p less than 0.01) have been stated. Authors detected the levels of total @entity165 higher than 6.72 mmol/l and those of @entity1674 higher than 1.80 mmol/l are significantly exerting the influence on the value of coronarographic score. Of particular interest is a fact that no significant relation of abnormal coronarogram to the occurrence of systemic @entity101 has been detected as well as to the disorders of glycide metabolism and @entity28 . However, mathematically significant relation has been determined between the smoking and @entity5522 (p less than 0.001). The cigarette smoking was stated to enhance @entity5522 as 4 %. Smokers have been found to represent pathologically increased both @entity412 and total @entity165 levels. It is to be said that the group of smokers has values of body mass index (BMI) lower ones than the group of non-smokers. Authors also revealed the disorders of glycide metabolism were related with higher occurrence of @entity5522 in @entity1 as 1-2%. Although no significantly frequent occurrence of glycide @entity209 has been proved in @entity1 with abnormal coronarogram, the more detailed analysis showed those with glycide @entity209 were significantly higher in coronarographic score (p less than 0.05) in contrast with the group compared, and showed significantly higher occurrence of hemodynamically important stenoses than the controls. The results of the present work are believed to enlarge the knowledge about the relations between the @entity731 changes, their clinical manifestations and risk-factors estimated in conditions which are completely different from those of routine epidemiological studies. The necessity of primary prevention is confirmed and possible secondary measures are indicated.

title: [ XXXX risk factors in @entity1 examined by coronarography. II. Results and evaluation in the group of @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: The value of @entity2287 -enhanced MRI in 30 @entity1 with intraocular lesions has been evaluated. Seventeen @entity1 had a @entity2184 , two a @entity320 , three had uveal metastases, one @entity706 , four had senile macula degenerations, and three uveal nevi. Twelve of 17 @entity1 with @entity320 were followed up by MRI after @entity3739 plaque therapy on 2-4 occasions. @entity320 showed high precontrast signal intensities and only a slight enhancement after intravenous @entity7241 was given. After @entity3739 plaque therapy precontrast signal intensities (SI) decreased while a moderate signal increase on postcontrast scans was noted. Scars or @entity5 residues were better delineated on enhanced images. All other @entity5 than @entity320 showed low SI on precontrast scans and a high signal increase after @entity7241 administration. @entity5 were better delineated on postcontrast scans. In addition @entity7241 -enhanced MRI allowed differentiation between @entity5 and @entity548 . No signal increase after @entity7241 application was seen in subretinal or vitreous hemorrhages of varying ages.

title: Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI of intraocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Small amelanotic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanotic melanomas', 'Melanomas', 'ciliary body melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Studies were made of the effects of continuous intravenous infusion of a synthetic @entity12579 ( @entity12579 ) or, pre-treatment with the @entity935 receptor antagonist @entity1767 , on the renal response in anaesthetized @entity35 subjected to volume expansion with an isotonic solution at 2% kg-1 body weight (wt) h-1. A time-control group receiving vehicle alone was studied in parallel. Measurements were compared 75 and 145 min after initiation of the volume expansion. Seventy minutes of Atriopeptin II infusion at 10 micrograms h-1 kg-1 body wt did not significantly alter the glomerular filtration rate [control value 1.29 +/- 0.10 ml min-1 g-1 kidney wt (n = 7, mean +/- 1 SEM), experimental value 1.20 +/- 0.12], but increased @entity1372 excretion by 49% (from 2.87 +/- 0.56 to 4.27 +/- 0.45 mumol min-1). The arterial blood pressure was reduced by 9%. In previous investigations we found that in the same dosage Atriopeptin II increased @entity1372 excretion 10-fold in euvolaemic animals. In the time-control group (n = 7) the response was similar to that in the @entity12579 -treated animals with the exception that the blood pressure was unaltered. Thus, glomerular filtration rate showed no statistically significant change (1.28 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.09 ml min-1 g-1 kidney wt) while the @entity1372 excretion increased by 96% (from 2.29 +/- 0.22 to 4.50 +/- 0.49 mumol min-1). In animals pretreated with @entity1767 (n = 5), the natriuretic response to the volume expansion was attenuated and was about ten times below that in the time-control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal effects of atriopeptin II and @entity935 receptor blockade in acutely volume-expanded XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor', 'ANF']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity3437 viridiflava is a soft-rotting pathogen of harvested vegetables that produces an extracellular pectate lyase (PL) responsible for maceration of plant tissue. A pel gene encoding PL was cloned from the genome of strain SJ074 and efficiently expressed in @entity526 . After a series of deletion subclonings and analysis by transposon mutagenesis, the pel gene was located in a 1.2-kb PstI-BglII genomic fragment. This fragment appears to contain a promoter at the PstI end required for pel gene expression. The PL produced by pectolytic @entity526 clones is identical to those produced by strain SJ074 and by other strains of P. viridiflava in terms of molecular weight (42 kDa) and pI (9.7). A mutant of strain SJ074, designated @entity17849 , which had Tn5 specifically inserted in the pel locus was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The MEI mutant produced 70- to 100-fold less PL than the wild type and failed to cause tissue maceration in plants. PL production and soft-rot pathogenicity in MEI and in a Pel- mutant previously isolated from strain SF312 were restored to the wild-type level by complementation in trans with the cloned pel gene. By using the 1.2-kb fragment as a probe, pel homologs were detected in four bacteria that are pathologically unrelated to P. viridiflava. These include three pathovars of @entity3437 . lachrymans, pv. phaseolicola, and pv. tabaci) and @entity17847 . malvacearum. No DNA fragments showing homology to pel of P. viridiflava were detected in genomic digests prepared from two strains of soft-rot erwinias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase gene from the soft-rotting bacterium XXXX viridiflava.

entities_list: @entity17847 :: ('339', 'Species') :: ['Xanthomonas campestris pv']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['P. syringae (pv', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity3437 :: (317,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas']


abstract: The identification of germ-line mutations in 2 genes ( @entity5345 and @entity2674 ) responsible for the majority of @entity43 has led an increasing number of @entity1 carriers of these mutations to undergo prophylactic oophorectomy (PO) to reduce their risk of subsequent @entity43 . A large number of unexpected, clinically occult @entity5 are thus being discovered. Up to December 2004, the Medical Genetics Service of the National @entity5 Institute in Milan, Italy, has tested 756 probands from breast and/or @entity43 families for @entity5345 and @entity2674 germ-line mutations. Molecular screening of family members led to the identification of 344 female carriers of @entity5345 (239) or @entity2674 (105) germ-line mutations. Of the 186 potentially eligible @entity1 (37 of whom had tested positive for @entity5345 for @entity2674 mutation), 50 (26.8%) chose to undergo PO. Six clinically occult primary gynecologic malignancies (2 stage IIIC serous @entity189 of the ovary, 3 in situ serous @entity6887 , and 1 stage IIB invasive @entity189 of the fallopian tube) and 1 occult ovarian metastasis from @entity0 were identified in the PO specimens of 7 @entity1 (all @entity5345 mutated). Four of the @entity1 with occult primary @entity5 are alive without disease 129, 87, 38, and 7 months after PO, respectively. One of the 2 @entity1 with primary @entity43 and the single @entity1 with @entity189 are alive with recurrent disease 83 and 20 months after PO, respectively. In addition, one of the @entity1 whose PO specimen did not show any @entity5 presented with @entity5 77 months after PO. The relatively high number of @entity5 found at PO in this group of @entity1 underlines the linkage between mutation and the risk of developing @entity5 , and stresses the need to include @entity5274 at the time of PO and of thoroughly evaluating the specimens at the microscopic level. The upstaging of all 3 invasive @entity189 after staging surgery, and the late recurrence and persistence of 2 of them despite treatment indicate that small size of the @entity5 should not preclude therapy.

title: Incidental XXXX in prophylactic specimens in @entity5345 and @entity2674 germ-line mutation carriers, with emphasis on @entity5274 : report of 6 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'hereditary ovarian cancers', 'ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tubal neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'stage IIIC tubal carcinoma', 'gynecologic cancers', 'tubal cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'tubal invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the entire tubes']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: Twenty cases of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were studied; 19 involved the lung and 1 the esophagus only. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 3 to 72 years. There were 9 males and 11 females. Involvement of a bronchus was seen in one case and of mediastinal structures in four. @entity662 and @entity1353 were common symptoms; eight @entity1 were asymptomatic. Seven @entity1 underwent lobectomy, 12 local excision, and 1 biopsy alone. The lesions were nonencapsulated and ranged from 1.2 to 15 cm. Various proportions of plasma cells, histiocytes, and spindle cells were observed; the latter corresponded ultrastructurally to fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, were immunoreactive for @entity2277 and actin and focally for @entity2283 , and were negative for epithelial markers. Plasma cells were polyclonal for light chains. One @entity1 had two recurrences, and in one case a large @entity5 was found eight years after the excision of a similar lesion in the lung. All @entity1 with follow-up (ten) were well as long as ten years after the diagnosis (average, 3.7 years).

title: XXXX (plasma cell granuloma). Clinicopathologic study of 20 cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural IMT', 'inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'IMT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the relationship between @entity25 and the type of substance use and the number of previous hospitalizations in @entity1 admitted in a detoxification unit. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 150 drug-dependent inpatients with @entity915 -I. @entity1 were asked to complete an 11-item questionnaire measure (Likert scales from 1-minimum to 7-maximum) designed to assess the relationship between @entity25 and drug use. RESULTS: 75.3% were @entity1 . 39% were alcoholic, 34,67% @entity2072 -users, 30% poly-drug users, 22.6% opioid, 18% @entity1245 and 14% cannabis-dependent @entity1 . 68.1% reported experiencing sleep problems. 80.1% related @entity25 to drug consumption. @entity25 was found in all @entity1 with previous hospitalizations (47.3%). This group experienced more @entity22 than those who had never been hospitalized (43.7 vs 22.8%, P<.05). Poly-drug users perceived more @entity25 (57.8 vs 24.3%, P<.05). @entity22 was referred by 61% of alcoholic @entity1 . 86% of the sample used @entity1245 , 75.4% used them without prescription. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of suffering from @entity25 is frequent in @entity734 . @entity1 with poly-drug use and previous hospitalizations were the most affected.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX in drug dependent inpatients].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Worry about sleep problems', 'sleep disorders', 'disordered sleep']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disorders']


abstract: The frequency of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) among the Alaska Native @entity1 is the highest of any ethnic group in the United States. In this study, @entity14 from 329 Alaska Native @entity1 (165 Eskimo, 111 Indians, and 53 Aleut) were evaluated for evidence of defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) by testing @entity5 for altered protein expression ( @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity4638 ) and for the presence of microsatellite instability. Of the 329 samples tested, 46 (14%) showed both microsatellite instability and altered protein expression; 42 (91%) with a loss of @entity6756 , 3 (7%) @entity4311 , and 1 (2%) @entity6756 / @entity4638 . @entity5 with loss of @entity6756 were further evaluated for @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation and for the presence of the @entity817 - @entity8554 mutation. Among cases tested, all 19 (100%) @entity5 among the Eskimo @entity1 showed @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation, whereas this was the case for only 3 of the 7 (42%) @entity5 among the Aleut (P=0.002) and 5 of the 10 (50%) @entity5 from the Indians (P=0.002). The majority of hypermethylated cases (23 of 27) tested positive for the @entity8554 alteration. Of the nine @entity5 from the Aleut and Indian @entity1 that did not exhibit @entity6756 hypermethylation, eight tested negative for @entity8554 . Overall, the frequency of defective MMR among the three groups was not statistically different (P=0.75). However, the data suggest that the pathogenesis of @entity14 may differ between the three groups. The @entity14 with defective MMR among the Eskimo sample fit the typical profile for @entity6756 -related @entity5 associated with sporadic @entity14 , whereas the pattern in the Aleut and Indian suggests the possibility that germ line @entity6756 mutations may be present.

title: Frequency of defective DNA mismatch repair in @entity14 among the Alaska Native XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Single cardiac myocytes were isolated from the ventricles of failing and non-failing @entity1 hearts. The contraction amplitude, time-to-peak shortening and time to 50% and 90% relaxation were measured in cells stimulated at 0.2 Hz at 32 degrees C. The effects of increasing extracellular @entity460 and @entity3044 were investigated using cumulative concentration/response curves. Maximum contraction amplitude in high @entity460 or velocities of contraction or relaxation were not impaired in cells from failing hearts. Beta-adrenoceptor function in a single cell was assessed by the maximum contraction amplitude in the presence of @entity3044 relative to that with high @entity460 in the same cell ( @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio). A decrease in the @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio correlated positively with an increase in the @entity3044 EC50 (concentration for half-maximal effect) for a cell (P less than 0.02, n = 39). The @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio in left ventricular myocytes decreased with increasing severity of disease, correlating with @entity177 as defined by New York Heart Association class (P less than 0.001, n = 26 @entity1 ), left ventricular ejection fraction (P less than 0.001, n = 24), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (P less than 0.05, n = 21) and amount of diuretics prescribed (P less than 0.001, n = 26). In right ventricular myocytes, only increasing NYHA class correlated with decreasing @entity3044 / @entity460 ratios. There was a correlation of the @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio between right and left ventricular cells from @entity1 with @entity741 (P less than 0.05), n = 11). Beta-adrenoceptor subsensitivity occurred in @entity339 , @entity741 , @entity154 and @entity384 , but not in the right ventricle of @entity1 with @entity2401 . The @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio correlated negatively with the age of the @entity1 (P less than 0.001, n = 26, left ventricle). Multiple regression indicated that the maximum contraction amplitudes in either high @entity3044 or high @entity460 declined significantly with age only, but that both age and severity of disease contributed to the decrease in @entity3044 / @entity460 ratio. Time-to-peak tension in @entity3044 , as well as relaxation times in high @entity460 also decreased with the age of the @entity1 . Analysis of variance showed that between- @entity1 variation was significantly greater than between-cell for most of the parameters measured. Beta-adrenoceptor desensitisation may be detected in individual myocytes from failing hearts, and this relates more to the severity of disease and the age of the @entity1 rather than the etiology of @entity712 . A decline in absolute contractility of muscle cells with age was detected.

title: Isolated ventricular myocytes from failing and non-failing XXXX heart; the relation of age and clinical status of @entity1 to @entity3044 response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity320 who had recurrence after negative @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy has rarely been evaluated systematically. METHODS: We searched our databases for @entity320 @entity1 with @entity1600 biopsy from the end of 1999 and the beginning of 2011. Data was analyzed using uni- and multivariate statistics as well as Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Data of 651 @entity1 with @entity320 was available for statistics. We observed 451 (69.3%) @entity1 with negative @entity1600 who had no evidence of disease recurrence during follow-up. Recurrence in @entity1600 negative @entity1 was found in 50 (7.7%) cases. @entity5 subtypes such as invasive @entity320 and @entity320 (odds ratio 15.2, P  =  0.015) and @entity5 thickness  >  2  mm (odds ratio 3.1, P  =  0.0017) were independent predictors for recurrence in @entity1 with negative @entity1600 . @entity1 with negative @entity1600 and subsequent recurrence had a significantly (P  =  0.036) reduced 5-year @entity320 -specific survival (MSS) when compared with positive @entity1600 @entity1 . Recurrence of disease in positive @entity1600 @entity1 was observed after a median of 39 months when compared to @entity1 with negative @entity1600 and recurrence (28 months, P  =  0.0079). Negative @entity1600 with recurrence was an independent predictor for worse recurrence free and @entity320 -related survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with negative @entity1600 and recurrence experience earlier disease relapses and poorer MSS when compared to @entity1 with positive @entity1600 status implicating that more stringent follow-up procedures are warranted in @entity1 with higher @entity5 thickness and invasive @entity552 and @entity320 , despite a negative @entity1600 .

title: Worse outcome for @entity1 with recurrent XXXX after negative sentinel lymph biopsy as compared to sentinel-positive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity552 :: ('MESH:D018327', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo maligna']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'acral melanoma', 'lentigo maligna melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sonography is used to diagnose infantile @entity2202 , but Little information is available about the appearance of postoperative sonographs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the pylorus in association with an obstruction before and after pyloromyotomy. METHODS: Pyloric length, diameter, muscle thickness and intermuscular space were measured sonographically at diagnosis and daily after pyloromyotomy until discharge in 12 @entity1 with infantile @entity2202 . The ratios of pyloric wall thickness and intermuscular space to the entire pyloric diameter were measured. RESULTS: The pylorus still appeared hypertrophied after pyloromyotomy on the sonograms. The traditional measurement of linear dimensions of the pylorus was not significantly changed from the preoperative values by the time of discharge, except for muscle thickness. The intermuscular space increased from 4.8+/-0.8 mm preoperatively to 7.3+/-2.1 mm by postoperative day 3 (p=0.10). Lowe's pyloric ratio at diagnosis was a mean of 0.32, decreasing to 0.29 on postoperative day 3 and 0.29 on the day of discharge (p=0.82). The alternative pyloric ratio increased significantly by postoperative day 2 (0.24+/-0.09 on day 2 vs. 0.11+/-0.07 preoperatively, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The pyloric ratio appears to be a reliable parameter in evaluating the regression of @entity2203 after pyloromyotomy, and also aids in the diagnosis of @entity2203 .

title: Sonogram before and after pyloromyotomy: the pyloric ratio in infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2202 :: ('MESH:D046248', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric stenosis']

answer: @entity2202 :: (MESH:D046248,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of @entity9961 in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and explore its relationship with proliferation and @entity3 of @entity189 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of 62 @entity189 @entity1 were divided into 2 equal portions, one for immunohistochemical staining with @entity9961 polyclonal antibody by streptavidin peroxidase method, another for flow cytometry with Ki67 antibody to analyze the proliferation of @entity5 . The @entity1 were followed up periodically, and then their 3-year survival and the cause of @entity204 were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 62 @entity1 , the percentage of @entity9961 positive cells in the @entity5 ranged from 0 - 82%, 17 (27.4%) were negative, 13 (21.0%) weak positive, 18 (29.0%) moderate positive and 14 (22.6%) strong positive. Ki67 positive @entity5 cells ranged from 0 - 52%, 40 cases (64.5%) showed low expression which include 15 cases of negative, 22 (35.5%) showed high expression. There was a direct relationship between the expression of @entity9961 and Ki67 (r = 0.323, P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of 62 @entity1 was 66.1%. The expression of @entity9961 in the @entity1 with positive lymph node was much higher than that with negative lymph node (P < 0.01). Among the 8 @entity1 with distant @entity3 , their @entity9961 expression was strong positive while among the 21 disease free survival @entity1 , their @entity9961 expression was (-) or (+) account for 80.9%. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity9961 expression and prognosis of @entity189 @entity1 , but the difference has no statistical significance (r = -0.219, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: High expression of @entity9961 is related with proliferation and @entity3 of @entity189 cells. It is not an independent prognostic factor, but a predictive marker of disease-free survival of @entity189 @entity1 .

title: [Relationship between @entity9961 expression and @entity189 proliferation and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to identify clinical predictors that differentiate a @entity17107 from @entity2688 in adults. The secondary objective was to identify the prevalence of @entity286 smoking behaviour in this group of @entity1 with peritonsillitis. SETTING: The Ottawa Hospital, a tertiary care centre. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity17107 or @entity2688 in the adult emergency department of The Ottawa Hospital during the years 2002 to 2004. RESULTS: The charts of 130 @entity1 with peritonsillitis were reviewed. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 16 to 91 years. Fifty @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity17107 and 80 with @entity2688 . Forty-four percent of the @entity1 in this study admitted to active @entity286 smoking behaviour. Clinical signs significantly associated with @entity17107 included trismus (p < .001), uvular deviation (p < .001), and inferior displacement of the superior pole of the tonsil (p < .001) on the affected side. @entity158 duration was not a significant discriminative factor (p = .069). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a @entity17107 is based on clinical findings. In this study, the prevalence of @entity286 smoking behaviour in @entity1 with @entity66 was high. Further study is recommended to investigate the potential causal effects of @entity286 smoke on the development of @entity66 .

title: Clinical predictors of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar disease']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess']

answer: @entity17107 :: (MESH:D000039,Disease) :: ['peritonsillar abscess']


abstract: Complement-derived anaphylatoxins ( @entity4417 , @entity10287 , and @entity2242 ) are potent, stable mediators of acute @entity32 . Because @entity1 corneas contain functional complement, the authors subjected normal @entity1 donor corneas to various forms of immunologic or @entity130 to determine if the complement system could be activated and anaphylatoxins generated. The experimental @entity267 of each donor pair was injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or immune complexes or injured by application of acid or alkali. The remaining @entity267 of each donor pair served as a control. After incubation of corneas in tissue culture media for 6 hours and elution in @entity1391 -buffered saline for 24 hours, @entity4417 , @entity10287 , and @entity2242 were measured in corneal eluates by radioimmunoassay. Compared with control corneas, @entity4417 levels were significantly increased in corneas injected with LPS or immune complexes and in corneas injured with acid or alkali. @entity10287 levels were significantly elevated in corneas injected with immune complexes and in corneas injured with acid or alkali but not in corneas injected with LPS. @entity2242 levels were detectable only in corneas injured with acid or alkali. These results suggest that immunologic reactions in the @entity1 @entity267 may activate the classic or alternative complement pathways and generate anaphylatoxins. Additionally, @entity130 with acid or alkali generate anaphylatoxins in the @entity267 . Anaphylatoxins may participate in the acute inflammatory response of the @entity1 @entity267 to chemical or immunologic injury.

title: Generation of complement-derived anaphylatoxins in normal XXXX donor corneas.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injury', 'chemical injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is confined to the dermal and/or subcutaneous tissue without an epidermal component. It is unclear whether this lesion is a subtype of primary @entity320 or distant cutaneous @entity3 from an unknown primary. We evaluated our large experience to determine the prognosis and optimal management of @entity320 . METHODS: Our @entity320 referral center's database of prospectively acquired records was used for identification and clinicopathologic analysis of @entity1 presenting with @entity320 between 1971 and 2005. RESULTS: Of 12,817 database @entity1 seen during a 34-year period, 101 (0.8%) had @entity320 . Of 92 @entity1 free of distant @entity3 on initial presentation, 55 (60%) were observed and 37 (40%) underwent surgical nodal staging: regional metastases were identified in 7 (19%). Nodal recurrence occurred in 1 of 30 @entity1 (3.3%) with histopathology-negative nodes compared with 13 of 55 @entity1 (24%) who underwent nodal observation instead of nodal staging. Thus, 21 of 92 @entity1 (23%) had nodal @entity3 identified during surgical nodal staging or postoperative nodal observation. At a median follow-up of 68 months, estimated 5-year overall survival rate was 73% for 71 @entity1 with localized disease versus 67% for 21 @entity1 with regional disease (P=0.25) versus 22% for 9 @entity1 with distant disease (P=0.009, regional versus distant disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity320 resembles intermediate-thickness primary @entity320 with respect to prognostic characteristics and clinical evolution, but its rate of distant @entity3 justifies radiographic staging and its high rate of regional node @entity3 justifies wide excision and sentinel node biopsy.

title: XXXX : beginning or end of the metastatic process?

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'SDM', 'Solitary dermal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Solitary dermal melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous laser ablation ( @entity1989 ) in the treatment of benign solid hypoactive thyroid nodules on nodule volume, thyroid functions, nodule cytology and @entity1 ' complaints. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Criteria for enrollment in the study were as follows: @entity1 with euthyroid, benign, hypofunctional nodule who had compressive symptoms or cosmetic complaints, but considered inoperable, or who rejected surgical treatment. @entity1989 procedure at 3-5 watts (W) was applied to 15 thyroid nodules of 12 @entity1 (4 male and 8 female; age range 20-78 yr, mean age 47.42+/-17.05 yr), and @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. Thyroid functions and nodule volumes (ultrasonographically) were evaluated. US-guided @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was performed before and after the procedure, and biopsy specimens were cytologically evaluated. RESULTS: The mean nodule volume before the procedure was 11.97 ml (min-max 0.95-26.30 ml). However, 12 months after the procedure the mean nodule volume was 2.21+/-2.32 ml (min-max 0.10-7.65 ml). The mean reduction in nodule volumes was 82%. @entity3745 levels reached peak values at 1 month after the procedure, and anti- @entity3745 levels at 3 months after the procedure. @entity400 performed at 12th month showed neutrophil polymorphs, macrophages, abundant cell debris, colloid, multinucleated giant cells, and small fragments of @entity82 which indicated that @entity1989 procedure led to degenerative changes in nodules. CONCLUSION: US-guided @entity1989 is a new, successful treatment method which is reliable in the long term in benign solid thyroid nodules for selected @entity1 who are inoperable or do not prefer surgery.

title: Effects of percutaneous laser ablation treatment in benign solitary thyroid nodules on nodule volume, XXXX and anti- @entity3745 levels, and cytopathology of nodule in 1 yr follow-up.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Gene') :: ['Thyroglobulin', 'thyroglobulin']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: Childhood @entity2194 is a preventable cause of @entity227 and @entity1939 worldwide. This prospective study was conducted to explore the profile of @entity4858 in pediatric @entity1 referring to a tertiary eye center in Tehran, Iran. Six hundred consecutive pediatric @entity1 aged 17 or less who presented to emergency department of Farabi Hospital were enrolled. Age and sex of pediatric @entity1 , time of @entity130 , time between @entity130 and presentation, place of @entity4858 , visual acuity, and @entity130 based on Birmingham @entity735 Terminology were collected. Mean (  SD) age of cases was 7.9    4.8. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. More than 70 % of the @entity1 presented less than 12 h after @entity2194 . Most @entity130 occurred at home (57.7 %) followed by street (20.3 %). Twelve @entity1 had visual acuity lower than 0.1 at initial visit. Projectile @entity130 was the most common cause (35.8 %) followed by @entity130 (33.3 %). 86.3 % of traumatic events consisted in closed globe @entity130 . Parents should be involved more effectively in care and supervision of their @entity1 especially for @entity1 , at home and on holidays.

title: Pattern of pediatric XXXX in Tehran, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'injury, etiology of eye injury']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Eye Trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'injuries', 'type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['eye injuries']


abstract: Lactating St. Croix White and Dorper St. Croix White ewes were used to evaluate the effect of breed and feeding a split ration on body temperature during the cool (March-April) and warm (July-August) seasons in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Within each season ewes were assigned to treatments (n=8/treatment) based on breed, age, and number of @entity742 . Treatments consisted of individually feeding ewes daily 0.9 kg concentrate (16.4% CP and 68% TDN) in the morning (AM) or afternoon (PM), 0.45 kg in the morning and afternoon (AM-PM), or no feed (Control) for 56 d beginning on d 7 (lambing=d 0). Ewes were fitted with intravaginal temperature data loggers, set to record @entity365 ( @entity365 ) at 5-min intervals, for 48 h in wk 2 (d 8-14), 5 (d 29-35), and 8 (d 50-56) postpartum. Repeated measures analysis of @entity365 was conducted using a model including treatment, season, and breed as fixed effects. There was no effect of season so data were pooled across season. The interaction of breed with treatment or season was not significant so breed comparisons were made using data pooled across treatments and season. The mean temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index during the cool and warm seasons were 25.8  C, 85.9%, and 76.1 and 28.3  C, 86.7%, and 80.6, respectively. There was no effect of season or the breed treatment season interaction on @entity365 (P>0.10) so all data were pooled across season and breed for analysis of the treatment effect. During wk 2 there was no difference (P>0.10) in @entity365 among treatment groups. During wk 5 the AM-PM ewes had higher (P<0.01) @entity365 than AM, PM, or Control ewes. During wk 8 the AM-PM and PM ewes had higher @entity365 (P<0.01) than either the AM or Control ewes. To evaluate breed effect, data were pooled across treatments and seasons and analyzed using breed as the single main effect. Dorper St. Croix White ewes had higher (P<0.0001) @entity365 than St. Croix White ewes. The results show that body temperature of ewes can be influenced by time of feeding and breed. The local breed of @entity742 , St. Croix White, had a lower body temperature than Dorper St. Croix White @entity742 . Ewes that were fed in the afternoon for an extended time during the postpartum period developed elevated body temperatures, which could make them more susceptible to heat stress.

title: The effect of a split feeding regimen and breed on body temperature of hair XXXX ewes in the tropics.

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'vaginal temperature']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To test the predictability of miserable outcome amongst @entity64 @entity1 receiving @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) based on a simple variables model (SVM) and to compare the model's predictive performance with that of an existing score which includes imaging and laboratory parameters ( @entity21009 ). METHODS: The SVM consists of the parameters age, independence before @entity64 , normal @entity772 verbal score, able to lift arms and able to walk. In a derivation cohort (n = 1346) and a validation cohort (n = 638) of consecutive @entity5275 -treated @entity64 @entity1 , the probability estimated by SVM and the observed occurrence of miserable 3-month outcome (modified Rankin score 5-6) were compared. The performances of SVM and the @entity21009 score were compared. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval, CI) and the bootstrapping approach were used to compare the predictive performance. RESULTS: The AUCs to predict miserable outcome in the derivation cohort were 0.807 (95% CI 0.774-0.838) using the SVM and 0.822 (0.790-0.850) using the @entity21009 score (P = 0.3). For the validation cohort, AUCs were 0.786 (0.742-0.829) for the SVM and 0.809 (0.774-0.845) for the @entity21009 score (P = 0.23). Only one @entity1 with an SVM probability of >70% for miserable outcome in either cohort had a good outcome whilst 83% had a miserable outcome. An online SVM calculator to estimate the probability of miserable outcome for individual @entity1 is available under http://www.unispital-basel.ch/SVM-Tool. CONCLUSION: The SVM was similar in accuracy to the @entity21009 score for predicting miserable outcome after @entity5275 . As these simple variables are available already at the pre-hospital stage, the SVM may facilitate and accelerate pre-hospital triage of @entity1 at high risk for miserable outcome after @entity5275 towards endovascular treatment.

title: Simple variables predict miserable outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

answer: @entity5275 :: (MESH:D015819,Disease) :: ['intravenous thrombolysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our study investigated the influence of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO) treatment, inducing raised hemoglobin levels in nonanemic @entity19 , on intratumor oxygenation before and during fractionated irradiation. Furthermore, the consequences of rHuEPO administration on @entity5 response to fractionated radiotherapy (RT) were evaluated. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Experiments were performed on two @entity1 @entity11 (GBM Nan1 and @entity8001 ) xenografted in @entity19 . RHuEPO was daily delivered (0.3 IU/g/day, 5 days/week). Tumor @entity519 was assessed before (T1) and during (T6) fractionated irradiation using (1) pO(2)-Histograph (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) and (2) the EF5-binding assay. Vascular density was determined using type IV collagen immunostaining. To assess RT efficacy, the irradiation schedule was 20 fractions of 2 Gy, once daily, 5 days/week over 4 weeks. RESULTS: At T1, hemoglobin levels in rHuEPO-treated @entity19 were significantly increased. Percentage of pO(2) values <2.5 mm Hg was reduced in rHuEPO-treated @entity5 as compared with control groups (37.1 +/- 19.1% vs. 58.5 +/- 27.0%; p = 0.009 for GBM Nan1; 81.6 +/- 13.4% vs. 91.5 +/- 8.3%; p = 0.035 for @entity8001 ). The decrease of viable @entity519 @entity5 cells fraction after rHuEPO was confirmed by the EF5-binding assay. Vascular density was not altered after rHuEPO treatment. At T6, rHuEPO reduced the @entity519 fraction by about 20% (p = 0.036 and p = 0.171) in GBM Nan1 and @entity8001 @entity5 . RHuEPO did not influence @entity5 growth by itself. RT alone or combined with rHuEPO induced a significant @entity5 growth delay. Finally, rHuEPO significantly enhanced RT efficacy (p = 0.012 in GBM Nan1 and p = 0.037 in @entity8001 ), resulting in radiopotentiation ratios of 1.21 and 1.54 for respective models. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that rHuEPO, by enhancing blood @entity26 -carrying capacity, decreases @entity5 and maintains its effect during fractionated irradiation in @entity11 xenografts. Therefore, rHuEPO contributes to radiosensitize these @entity5 .

title: @entity1307 -induced reduction of @entity519 before and during fractionated irradiation contributes to improvement of radioresponse in @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'irradiated tumors', 'intrinsic tumor hypoxia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Many species that engage in parental behavior exhibit infanticide under certain circumstances. The neural signals regulating the transition from @entity1 care giver to @entity1 killer and back remain unclear. Previously we demonstrated that @entity1420 (P) and its receptor (PR) have inhibitory effects on parental behavior and increase @entity1 -directed aggression in male @entity19 . In the present studies we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which the effects of P are manifested. Because the onset of parental behavior in females is associated with the @entity3347 at the end of pregnancy we tested the hypothesis that @entity3347 would similarly enhance parental behavior in males. Virgin male @entity19 were implanted with P or vehicle for 21 days, replicating the duration of pregnancy in females. Tests were run for parental and @entity146 5 days after removal of the capsules. P increased the proportion of nonparental males that attacked pups. However, neither the number of males exhibiting parental care nor the quality of care was affected by P treatment. Serum P and @entity251 (T) levels were not different from controls at the time of behavioral testing indicating continued elevations in peripheral hormones are not required for the expression of infanticide. In conclusion, @entity3347 does not trigger the onset of parental behavior in males. Rather, prior exposure to P induces persistent @entity146 in adult male @entity19 .

title: Effects of XXXX on male-mediated @entity1 -directed aggression.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal of P']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['infanticidal behavior']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: In our department we have reviewed the use of @entity3693 maleate as a provocative agent for inducing @entity3361 during coronary arteriography. From January 1978 to December 1991 the test has been performed in 116 @entity1 . According to their symptoms, the @entity1 were divided into 4 groups: (A) @entity1 with exertional @entity951 : 16 @entity1 (13.8%), (B) @entity1 with @entity951 at rest: 64 @entity1 (55.2%), (C) @entity1 with atypical @entity662 : 29 @entity1 (25%), and (D) @entity1 with previous @entity583 : 7 @entity1 (6%). We have subdivided the @entity1 with @entity951 at rest, according to the electrocardiogram recorded during @entity158 , into: (1) 16 @entity1 with ST-segment elevation; (2) 14 @entity1 with @entity308 or T wave inversion; (3) 5 @entity1 with electrocardiogram unchanged during @entity951 ; (4) 29 @entity1 with no electrocardiogram recorded during @entity951 . In 67 @entity1 (57.7%) the coronaries were normal, 17 @entity1 (14.6%) had mild irregularities, 26 @entity1 (22.4%) had non critical fixed @entity3885 (< or = 70%), and in 6 @entity1 (3.5%) there were fixed coronary narrowings > or = 70%. The left ventricle was normal in 85 subjects (73.2%), hypo or @entity2845 in 31 (26.8%). After routine coronary angiography and ventriculography, @entity3693 maleate, 0.05 up to 0.4 mg, was given intravenously. The @entity3693 test was considered positive when a focal @entity2473 narrowed a normal coronary artery, or one with a mild fixed obstruction (< or = 50%) to more than 70%, or when a 70% stenosis became occluded. The development of @entity951 and/or electrocardiographic changes were not taken as a criteria of positivity. Thirteen tests (11.2%) were considered positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The use of XXXX in the hemodynamics laboratory].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

answer: @entity3693 :: (MESH:D004874,Chemical) :: ['ergonovine']


abstract: In a variety of systems, evidence is accumulating which suggests that neoplastic transformation requires the action of two or more genes such as mutated or over-expressed proto-oncogenes. To determine whether the cytoplasmic @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase oncogene raf could complement a deregulated myc gene and induce @entity5 in adult @entity19 , BALBC @entity19 were primed with an intraperitoneal (ip.) injection of mineral oil ( @entity16307 ) and then given an ip. injection of a retroviral construct, J1, J2 or J5, which expresses either @entity11956 (J1), v-myc (J5) or both (J2). The J1 virus induced no @entity5 in 150 days in 38 @entity19 , except for 5 helper virus-associated @entity784 . Under identical conditions the J5 virus, which expresses only v-myc, induced exclusively monocytic @entity5 in 93% of 15 @entity19 . The J2 virus expresses both v-myc and @entity11956 and caused equal numbers of monocytic and B cell @entity5 in 66% of 30 @entity19 . Under these conditions, it appears that @entity11956 expression acts synergistically with v-myc to induce the transformation of B cells, which neither oncogene could do alone. The J3 virus, which originally contained a complete v-myc and an inactivated @entity11956 , can induce @entity5 of later stage B cells (plasmacytomas, Potter et al., 1987). Recent studies of virus recovered from these plasmacytomas (called the J3V1 virus, Troppmair et al., 1989) show that the J3 virus has undergone deletions which have reactivated @entity11956 in a mutated form. Only J3V1, not J3, induced @entity5 in vivo. Our data presented here corroborate Troppmair et al. and extend Potter et al. (1987) which reported that J3 (presumably J3V1) induced 10% myeloid @entity5 and 90% plasmacytomas. In light of the discovery, our J2 and J3 data indicate that in combination with the same form of v-myc, different forms of @entity11956 induce different spectra of @entity5 .

title: v-myc and @entity11956 act synergistically to induce B-cell tumors in XXXX -primed adult BALBC @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity16307 :: (MESH:C009042,Chemical) :: ['pristane']


abstract: In an attempt to evaluate the relationship between @entity1722 expression and/or gene amplification, DNA ploidy and morphology, wall penetration, lymphatic permeation, and @entity1350 , we studied a series of 87 primary @entity356 and their respective @entity3 (n = 335) using immunohistochemistry and performed DNA analysis of 30 @entity5 and 10 @entity3 from eight cases. Flow cytometry of fresh or frozen material was performed in 79 @entity5 . Five out of 87 @entity5 (5.7%) and 17 out of 335 lymph node @entity3 (5.1%) showed unequivocal membrane immunostaining for @entity1722 . Seven out of 30 @entity5 (23.3%) showed gene amplification while amplification was identified in four out of 10 @entity3 (40.0%) from three @entity1 . @entity5 (9.2%) showed @entity1722 protein immunoreactivity, gene amplification, or both. One of these cases showed @entity1722 protein immunoreactivity only in the metastatic deposits, while gene amplification could be identified in the @entity5 . Three @entity5 showed gene amplification, but immunoreactive cells could not be identified. In no case was protein overexpression identified in the absence of gene amplification. Five cases with @entity1722 expression/amplification were well/moderately differentiated, and all the eight cases with @entity1722 expression/amplification disclosed aggressive features. Lymphatic permeation/lymph node @entity3 were found in all the cases and seven cases showed @entity1350 as well. In one case, there was also a liver @entity3 . Two cases were early @entity356 (T1sm) showing lymphatic permeation/nodal @entity3 and venous invasion. Six cases were @entity2007 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX expression in primary @entity356 and their @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Eight tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2718 -associated disease (CDAD) is associated with antibiotic use, acid suppression, and hospitalization, all of which occur frequently in @entity82 . The aim was to define the effect of CDAD on outcomes and identify risk factors for its development in @entity82 . METHODS: Case-control studies using the de-identified national (Nationwide Inpatient Sample, NIS) and an identified liver transplant center database of hospitalized cirrhotics with and without CDAD were performed. The NIS 2005 was queried for mortality, charges, and @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) in cirrhotics with/without CDAD. Outcomes of @entity82 and @entity281 were also analyzed. In the transplant center database, risk factors for CDAD were defined in hospitalized cirrhotics with/without CDAD who were age matched in a 1:2 ratio. RESULTS: The NIS 2005 included 1,165 cirrhotics with and 82,065 without CDAD. Cirrhotics with CDAD had a significantly higher mortality (13.8% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001), @entity3656 (14.4 days vs. 6.7 days, P<0.001), and charges ( 79,351 vs.  35,686, P<0.001) compared with those without CDAD. On multivariate analysis, CDAD was associated with higher mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.85), charges, and @entity3656 despite controlling for @entity82 complications and @entity281 . In the transplant center database, 54 cirrhotics with and 108 cirrhotics without CDAD were included. Outpatient spontaneous @entity298 (35% vs. 13%, P=0.01), inpatient antibiotic (63% vs. 35%, P=0.0001), and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (74% vs. 31%, P=0.0001) were significantly higher in those with CDAD. CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotics with CDAD have a higher mortality, @entity3656 , and charges on the NIS 2005 compared with those without CDAD. Antibiotic and PPI use are risk factors for CDAD development in hospitalized cirrhotics.

title: XXXX is associated with poor outcomes in patients with @entity82 : A national and tertiary center perspective.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['length of stay', 'LOS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate if the single nucleotide polymorphisms @entity28936 , @entity28937 and @entity28938 , recently implicated in the development of acute primary angle closure or primary angle closure @entity726 , are associated with ocular biometric characteristics of British adults in the European Prospective Investigation of @entity2093 study. METHODS: Genotyping data on @entity28937 (between @entity28939 and @entity28940 ), @entity28938 (at @entity28941 ) and @entity28936 (at @entity28942 ) were available on 3268 @entity1 . Direct genotypic data was available for @entity28937 and @entity28936 . Data was imputed for @entity28938 . Ocular biometric data was available on 1137 @entity1 who attended the third European Prospective Investigation of @entity5 health examination and 988 (87%) of these @entity1 had no previous @entity231 surgery either eye. @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) and corneal keratometry were measured by using the Zeiss IOLMaster. RESULTS: Presence of at least one A allele (AG or AA genotype) for @entity28937 was associated with a shallower @entity8707 (-0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.01 to -0.14 mm, p=0.028) after adjusting for age and sex (both p <=0.001). There was no association with @entity3656 or corneal keratometry for @entity28937 genotypes. @entity3656 , @entity8707 and keratometry were not associated with @entity28936 or @entity28938 genotypes including after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that primary angle closure @entity726 susceptibility at the @entity28939 - @entity28940 locus may be partly explained by an association between @entity28937 and @entity8707 in European populations. This effect is equivalent to almost 20% of the SD of the mean @entity8707 of phakic individuals in this cohort. We were not able to identify any association between @entity28936 or @entity28938 and ocular biometry.

title: Genotype-phenotype analysis of SNPs associated with primary angle closure XXXX ( @entity28937 , @entity28936 and @entity28938 ) and ocular biometry in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['Axial length', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-Norfolk eye']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether recipients of lung transplants have a higher risk of @entity548 from fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) than other @entity1 who undergo the procedure. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Bronchoscopy services of Johns Hopkins Hospital, a tertiary referral center and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, a community hospital. @entity1 : All adult @entity1 (18 years) who underwent FOB between July 1, 1996 and June 30, 1997 by the full-time pulmonary medicine staff were included. A total of 720 procedures were performed, including 38 in lung transplant recipients. MEASUREMENTS: Bleeding was assessed by reviewing physician reports of bloody drainage after the procedure and whether the procedure was terminated early for @entity548 . @entity1 reports of hemoptysis were assessed using questionnaires administered pre- and post-FOB. Predictor variables included @entity1 demographics, @entity548 parameters (platelets, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), immunosuppressive medications, @entity117 use, use of transbronchial biopsy, and the time length of the procedure. RESULTS: Lung transplant recipients were significantly more likely to have used @entity117 prior to FOB (18.4 vs 7.2%, p < 0.05) and to undergo transbronchial biopsy (64.9 vs 26.8%, p < 0.001). Lung transplant @entity1 were more likely to have new or worsened hemoptysis (53.8 vs 24.6%, p < 0.001), to have > 25 mL of @entity190 (44.5 vs 17.5%, p < 0.001) and to have the procedure terminated early for @entity548 (5.4 vs 1.0%, p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, predictors of new or worsened hemoptysis included lung transplant, longer procedure time, and older @entity1 age. Independent predictors of greater @entity190 included lung transplant, performance of transbronchial biopsy, longer procedure time, and older @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: Lung transplant recipients are at higher risk of @entity548 from bronchoscopy than are other @entity1 . This propensity to bleed is independent of coagulation parameters, platelet count, immunosuppressive medication use, @entity117 use, or performance of transbronchial biopsy. The higher risk of @entity548 should be considered when assessing the risks and benefits of bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients.

title: The higher risk of @entity548 in lung transplant recipients from bronchoscopy is independent of traditional XXXX risks: results of a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2478 in @entity3124 @entity1 leads to @entity4 . @entity1284 is independently associated with poor prognosis. Bedside measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), fluid balance, and capillary leak index (CLI) may provide a valuable prognostic tool in mechanically ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: We performed an observational study of 123 mechanically ventilated @entity1 with extended hemodynamic monitoring, analyzing process-of-care variables for the first week of ICU admission. The primary outcome parameter was 28-day mortality. /\maxEVLWI indicated the maximum difference between EVLWI measurements during ICU stay. @entity1 with a /\maxEVLWI <-2 mL/kg were called 'responders'. CLI was defined as C-reactive protein (milligrams per deciliter) over albumin (grams per liter) ratio and @entity32889 ( @entity32889 ) as even-to-negative fluid balance on at least two consecutive days. RESULTS: CLI had a biphasic course. /\maxEVLWI was lower if @entity32889 was achieved and in survivors (-2.4    4.8 vs 1.0    5.5 mL/kg, p = 0.001; -3.3    3.8 vs 2.5    5.3 mL/kg, p = 0.001, respectively). No @entity32889 achievement was associated with increased CLI and IAPmean on day 3 and higher risk to be nonresponder (odds ratio (OR) 2.76, p = 0.046; OR 1.28, p = 0.011; OR 5.52, p = 0.001, respectively). Responders had more ventilator-free days during the first week (2.5    2.3 vs 1.5    2.3, p = 0.023). Not achieving @entity32889 and being nonresponder were strong independent predictors of mortality (OR 9.34, p = 0.001 and OR 7.14, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: There seems to be an important correlation between CLI, EVLWI kinetics, IAP, and fluid balance in mechanically ventilated @entity1 , associated with organ dysfunction and poor prognosis. In this context, we introduce the global @entity101 .

title: Fluid management in XXXX @entity1 : the role of extravascular lung water, abdominal @entity101 , capillary leak, and fluid balance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased permeability syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary leak']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity32889 :: ('MESH:C537877', 'Disease') :: ['CLFM', 'conservative late fluid management']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Fluid overload']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: AIMS: To describe a series of @entity6019 with large numbers of @entity4348 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The eight @entity5 occurred in @entity1 aged 42-74 years. In three cases, the @entity5 arose in the uterine corpus and in the others there was either an extrauterine origin or the origin could not be determined since multiple sites were involved. In four cases, glands were present throughout the @entity5 and in the others there were areas of typical @entity6019 without glands. In one case, glands were present only in the recurrent @entity5 . The malignant stromal component comprised, for the most part, typical @entity6019 . In two @entity1 , repeated biopsy specimens from the vagina or cervix were initially diagnosed as @entity46 , and in some cases there was a significant delay in diagnosis. Apart from @entity46 , other diagnostic considerations, depending on the @entity5 location and exact morphology, included @entity1870 , @entity6020 and @entity6962 . CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial stromal sarcoma with extensive endometrioid glandular differentiation is rare. The presence of glands often results in diagnostic difficulty with a significant risk of misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis. It is likely that some cases reported in the literature as aggressive @entity46 represent this entity.

title: XXXX with extensive endometrioid glandular differentiation: report of a series with emphasis on the potential for misdiagnosis and discussion of the differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6020 :: ('MESH:D018195', 'Disease') :: ['adenosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma', 'endometrial stromal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid-type glands']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['Endometrial stromal sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion with @entity1068 injection of septal arteries is an efficient treatment procedure of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and @entity1416 with microcoils. METHODS: The microcoils were delivered through the guide-wire lumen of a 2mm-diameter coaxial balloon positioned inside the target vessel as distally as possible. One or more 0.018"-straight microcoils (Hilal straight coils, Cook, USA) were used for each target vessel until complete flow obstruction was noted. The intraventricular pressure gradient was measured before, during and after the procedure. @entity732 was finally documented by coronary angiography. RESULTS: We treated 7 @entity1 (pts) (male: 5 pts; mean age: 48 (10 years). All @entity1 were symptomatic (NYHA class 3 or 4). The target vessels were successfully occluded in all @entity1 , without complications. Moderate @entity158 was recorded during and after the procedure and the CK level increased five- to ten-fold. The pressure gradient diminished during the procedure from 72 +/- 21 mm Hg to 30 +/- 15 mm Hg. The number of coils delivered ranged from 3 to 7 / @entity1 . The embolized septal branches: 1 vessel in 5 @entity1 ; 2 vessels in 1 @entity1 ; 3 vessels in 1 case. After the procedure the pressure gradient, evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography, was 34 +/- 16 mm Hg and 42 +/- 12 mm Hg at 3 month-follow-up. Clinical improvement was recorded in all @entity1 after the procedure (NYHA class 1 or 2). Temporary pacing was necessary in 3 @entity1 during and immediately after the procedure but no @entity1 needed permanent pacing. CONCLUSIONS: Microcoil embolization is an efficient and safe approach for transcatheter ablation of @entity1184 in @entity1121 . This technique induced @entity296 without the toxic effects of @entity167 , reducing the risk of complications (permanent pace-maker implantation, @entity1068 flow to other @entity296 ).

title: Microcoil embolization for ablation of XXXX in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial regions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['efficiency of septal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['Septal branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['septal hypertrophy']


abstract: @entity1804 are rare benign lesions requiring surgical treatment when they become symptomatic. Transsphenoidal surgery is the recommended therapy due to its efficacy and safety. However, whether the optimal surgical strategy is simple drainage and biopsy or cyst wall resection remains controversial. We report a single center's experience of a series of 14 @entity1804 treated with transsphenoidal resection of the cyst wall. Postoperatively, there was no @entity5254 . The complications included permanent @entity2010 , hypocortisolism (including a @entity1 with a coexisting adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting @entity652 ), @entity1244 and a case of @entity693 and @entity733 , one year post-surgery. @entity227 and @entity10 resolved in all cases. @entity4611 was restored only in @entity1 with @entity4089 and @entity699 . During the follow-up period (median 29 months) there was no recurrence requiring re-operation. According to our experience, the @entity146 approach is associated with good surgical results and with low complication and recurrence rates.

title: Treatment of XXXX : experience at a single centre.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ["Rathke's cleft cysts"]

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['intrasellar abscess']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1804 :: (MESH:D020863,Disease) :: ['Rathke's cleft cysts']


abstract: Several authors have investigated the antitumor activity of @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) antagonists, which are widely used as antihypertensive drugs. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the @entity7743 antagonist @entity1564 against @entity150 . For the study in vitro, @entity1 @entity150 cells (KU-19-19) were cultured with and without @entity2178 (A II) and @entity1564 , and cell viability and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) secretion were analyzed. Also for the study in vivo, a @entity5 xenograft model was prepared in @entity19 using @entity1 cells. @entity19 were administered @entity1564 daily by oral gavage, and @entity1311 via intravenous infusion. Microvessel density, @entity7 expression, and apoptosis were investigated. @entity1564 did not induce direct @entity137 in @entity1 cells, but @entity7 was significantly lower in @entity1564 -treated cells than in the A II-treated control cells. In @entity19 , @entity1564 , @entity1311 and @entity1564 - @entity1311 significantly suppressed @entity5 growth to 46.0%, 35.8% and 17.3%, respectively, of the @entity5 volume in the control group, showing that combined treatment significantly inhibited @entity5 growth compared to the @entity1564 group. Microvessel density and @entity7 were significantly decreased in the @entity1564 and @entity1564 - @entity1311 groups compared to the control group. The apoptotic index was significantly increased in the @entity1311 and @entity1564 - @entity1311 groups compared to the control and @entity1564 groups. In our experimental model, @entity1564 prevented @entity150 growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. Furthermore, combined treatment with @entity1564 and @entity1311 enhanced @entity1311 -induced @entity137 . These results suggest that the @entity7743 antagonist @entity1564 may be a candidate for innovative therapy for @entity150 .

title: Effect of @entity7743 antagonist on @entity5 growth and angiogenesis in a xenograft model of XXXX @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity263 generally respond to @entity342 ablation therapy, but progression to @entity342 -independence is frequently observed. To further evaluate disease progression, the pattern of progression and survival in hormonally treated @entity263 was examined. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-three @entity1 with untreated @entity263 (TxNxM ) who received endocrine therapy between 1986 and 1995 were included in the present study. The pattern of progression was evaluated in these @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen of the 193 @entity1 (61.1%) had disease progression: 33 had local progression, 73 had distant progression and 12 had distant with local progression. @entity1 with only local progression had a longer interval to disease progression and longer survival than those with distant progression. The interval from disease progression to @entity204 in @entity1 with local progression was longer than in those with distant progression. The @entity1 whose @entity1486 had not been normalized 3 months after the start of endocrine therapy had a tendency to progression either into the prostate or into distant sites. @entity1 with extent of disease (EOD) scores of 3 and 4 progress, especially to distant sites, after endocrine treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In untreated @entity263 , @entity1 with a poor response of @entity1486 levels and @entity1 with a high volume of bone @entity3 (i.e. EOD 3, 4) were in the high-risk group for progression, especially to distant sites. Progression into distant sites was a poor prognostic factor for @entity1 with recurrence to endocrine therapy.

title: Pattern of progression and survival in hormonally treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of small popliteal @entity438 remains a matter of debate. The goal of this study was to gain additional knowledge about this pathology, focusing specifically on popliteal arteries smaller than 20 mm in diameter. Furthermore, the need for surveillance of the contralateral popliteal artery in @entity1 with a small @entity439 was studied. METHODS: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in 2 Dutch hospitals. From 1998 until 2011, data were collected through a search in the hospital @entity1 databases. A small @entity439 (which was defined as a popliteal artery diameter of 10-20 mm) was identified and evaluated in 73 @entity1 . These @entity1 were monitored, whereby symptoms, complications, and survival were recorded. In addition, the contralateral popliteal artery was analyzed in all 73 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 73 small @entity439 , 58% were asymptomatic, of which 24% developed an indication for surgical repair during follow-up. Furthermore, 32% were symptomatic and 11% completely thrombosed. Results of surgically treated @entity439 were good, with a secondary patency of 90% after a median follow-up of 30 months. A contralateral popliteal artery exceeding 10 mm was present in 49 @entity1 (67%), of whom 59% had an indication for surgery. CONCLUSION: This study found that small popliteal @entity438 show a considerable risk of becoming symptomatic. In all @entity1 with a known @entity438 , investigation of the contralateral popliteal artery is advised.

title: Small popliteal XXXX : important clinical consequences and contralateral survey in daily vascular surgery practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'popliteal artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: @entity21879 and in particular unilateral @entity21879 is a rare clinical entity. It relates to massive @entity0 @entity1 . This case report describes an initially mild unilateral asymmetry occurring nine months postpartum in a 33-year-old female. However, following her second pregnancy within 12 months, her left breast became severely enlarged. This did not improve on delivery. No discrete lesion was seen on imaging and no significant abnormalities were seen in her blood chemistry. Surgical treatment was a mammoplasty and 580 g of mammary tissue was removed. Grossly, there was spongiform subcutaneous tissue with diffuse extension. On histology, this consisted of a highly complex and diffuse pattern of infiltration and of cavernous empty channels lined by a delicate attenuated endothelium which was @entity2280 and D2-40 positive. The appearances were consistent with @entity15704 , more commonly encountered in the limbs, heretofore. @entity15704 has not been previously described in breast tissue and only a single case report exists for such a lesion in axillary tissue. Treatment of such lesions in the periphery by surgical excision is very difficult and excision without being radical can be impossible. Follow up of our @entity1 , shows no evidence of recurrence in this @entity1 . Our case report describes the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis to be considered and treatment, in addition to reviewing the relevant literature.

title: A unique cause of a rare disorder, unilateral @entity21879 due to XXXX of the breast: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the breast in non-obese']

entities_list: @entity15704 :: ('MESH:C537727', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangiomatosis', 'lymphangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['Macromastia', 'macromastia']

answer: @entity15704 :: (MESH:C537727,Disease) :: ['lymphangiomatosis']


abstract: An analysis of 174 @entity1 with an acute biliary or alcoholic @entity788 who were admitted to the Surgical University Clinic Mannheim from 1986 until 1989 showed significant differences in the course of the disease and surgical treatment. 77.2% of our @entity1 with an @entity8883 were @entity1 . Mean age of all @entity1 was 45.7 years. 72.3% of our @entity1 had a mild @entity788 and 27.7% a necrotising @entity788 . In 26.8% of the @entity1 an operation was necessary (necrosectomy, lavage of the lesser sac). In 35% of these @entity1 occurred complications. Total lethality was 9.9% (mild @entity788 : 0%, severe @entity788 : 17.6% and total @entity39 of the pancreas: 63.6%). 58.9% of our @entity1 with an @entity656 were @entity1 . Mean age of all @entity1 was 62.4 years. In 50% of all cases an operation was necessary (in most cases cholecystectomy and extraction of a prepapillary concrement but also necrosectomy and lavage of the lesser sac). In 17% of these @entity1 occurred complications. Total lethality was 11.0% (mild @entity788 : 0%, severe @entity788 8.3% and total @entity39 : 77.7%). The conclusion is a surgical therapy depending of the cause of the @entity788 and also a different prognosis of the disease.

title: [Acute biliary and alcoholic XXXX : two different diseases?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Because of the intramural spread of @entity356 , a sufficient length of a resection margin has to be attained to ensure complete excision of the @entity5 . There has been debate on an adequate length of proximal resection margin (PRM) and its related issues. Thus, the objective of this article is to review several studies on PRM and to summarize the current evidence on the subject. Although there is some discrepancy in the recommended values for PRM between authors, a PRM of more than 2-3 cm for early @entity356 and 5-6 cm for advanced @entity356 is thought to be acceptable. Once the margin is confirmed to be clear, however, the length of PRM measured in postoperative pathologic examination does not affect the @entity1 's survival, even when it is shorter than the recommended values. Hence, the recommendations for PRM length should be applied only to intraoperative decision-making to prevent positive margins on the final pathology. Given that a negative resection margin is the ultimate goal of determining an adequate PRM, development and improvement of reliable methods to confirm a negative resection margin intraoperatively would minimize the extent of surgery and offer a better quality of life to more @entity1 . In the same context, special attention has to be paid to @entity1 who have advanced stage or diffuse-type @entity356 , because they are more likely to have a positive margin. Therefore, a wider excision with intraoperative frozen section (IFS) examination of the resection margin is necessary. Despite all the attempts to avoid positive margins, there is still a certain rate of positive-margin cases. Since the negative impact of a positive margin on prognosis is mostly obvious in low N stage @entity1 , aggressive further management, such as extensive re-operation, is required for these @entity1 . In conclusion, every possible preoperative and intraoperative evaluation should be thoroughly carried out to identify in advance the @entity1 with a high risk of having positive margins; these @entity1 need careful management with a wider excision or an IFS examination to confirm a negative margin during surgery.

title: Clinical importance and surgical decision-making regarding proximal resection margin for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cockroach is an important allergen in inner-city @entity565 . The diagnosis and treatment of @entity566 has been impeded by the lack of standardized cockroach extracts. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the utility of a mediator release assay based on @entity35 basophil @entity1778 (RBL) cells for comparing the potency of @entity13377 extracts. METHODS: RBL cells (line 2H3) transfected with @entity1 FcepsilonRI were passively sensitized with sera from subjects with @entity566 and stimulated with serial dilutions of 3 commercial cockroach extracts (1:10 weight/volume). In addition, the in-house prepared extract was tested in separate experiments with pooled sera that produced optimal performance in the RBL assay. N-hexosaminidase release (NHR) was used as a marker of RBL cell degranulation and was examined in relation to the intradermal skin test (ID(50)EAL) and serum cockroach-specific and total IgE levels. RESULTS: The median cockroach-specific IgE concentration in 60 subjects was 0.72 kU(A)/L (interquartile range, 0.35-2.97 kU(A)/L); 19 sera (responders) produced a minimum 10% NHR to more than 1 extract. Responders had higher median cockroach-specific IgE (7.4 vs 1.0 kU(A)/L) and total IgE (429 vs 300 kU/L) levels than nonresponders. Ranking of extract potency was consistent between the mediator release assay and the ID(50)EAL. For the in-house prepared cockroach extract, the dose-response curves were shifted according to the concentration of the extract. NHR was reproducible between different experiments by using pooled sera. CONCLUSION: The mediator release assay measures biologic potency and correlates with the ID(50)EAL. It should be further evaluated to determine whether it could be used to replace intradermal skin test titration for assessing the potency of cockroach extract.

title: Mediator release assay for assessment of biological potency of XXXX allergen extracts.

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['German cockroach']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['cockroach allergy']

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['German cockroach']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of long-term survivors of @entity259 has risen due to the rapid increase in the incidence of @entity259 , which generally has an excellent prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of HRQOL in disease-free survivors of differentiated @entity259 (DTC) and to evaluate the important determinants of HRQOL. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in which we interviewed consecutive disease-free survivors of DTC. Three different validated questionnaires ("EORTC QLQ-C30" for various functional domains, the "brief fatigue inventory (BFI)" and the "hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale" (HADS)) were used. Data from a large, population based survey of 1,000 @entity1 were used as a control. RESULTS: The response rate for the questionnaires was 78.9% (316/401). Disease-free survivors of DTC showed a decreased HRQOL in all five functional domains (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social) on the EORTC QLQ-C30 compared with controls (P < 0.01). BFI and HADS- @entity148 scores also showed greater distress in disease-free survivors of DTC than in controls (P < 0.05). A multiple regression analysis for the determinants of HRQOL showed that the HADS- @entity148 , @entity308 , and BFI scores were the most significant components of decreased HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Although disease-free survivors of DTC are expected to have disease-specific survival comparable to the general population, they experience a significantly decreased HRQOL. @entity148 , @entity308 , and fatigue were the major determinants of the decreased HRQOL. Supportive psychological care should be integrated into the management of long-term survivors of DTC.

title: Decreased health-related quality of life in disease-free survivors of differentiated XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'HADS-depression']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early assessment of neurologic recovery is often challenging in survivors of @entity1167 . Further, little is known about when to assess neurologic status in @entity772 , postarrest @entity1 receiving therapeutic @entity2332 . We sought to evaluate timing of prognostication in @entity1167 who received therapeutic @entity2332 . DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of consecutive postarrest @entity1 receiving therapeutic @entity2332 (protocol: 24-hr maintenance at target temperature followed by rewarming over 8 hrs). Data were abstracted from the medical chart, including documentation during the first 96 hrs post arrest of "poor" prognosis, diagnostic tests for neuroprognostication, consultations used for determination of prognosis, and outcome at discharge. SETTING: Two academic urban emergency departments. @entity1 : A total of 55 consecutive @entity1 who underwent therapeutic @entity2332 were reviewed between September 2005 and April 2009. INTERVENTION: None. RESULTS: Of our cohort of @entity772 postarrest @entity1 , 59% (29 of 49) were male, and the mean age was 56    16 yrs. Chart documentation of "poor" or "grave" prognosis occurred "early": during induction, maintenance of cooling, rewarming, or within 15 hrs after normothermia in 57% (28 of 49) of cases. Of @entity1 with early documentation of poor prognosis, 25% (seven of 28) had care withdrawn within 72 hrs post arrest, and 21% (six of 28) survived to discharge with favorable neurologic recovery. In the first 96 hrs post arrest: 88% (43 of 49) of @entity1 received a head computed tomography, 90% (44 of 49) received electroencephalography, 2% (one of 49) received somatosensory evoked potential testing, and 71% (35 of 49) received neurology consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of "poor prognosis" occurred during therapeutic @entity2332 in more than half of @entity1 in our cohort. Premature documentation of poor prognosis may contribute to early decisions to withdraw care. Future guidelines should address when to best prognosticate in postarrest @entity1 receiving therapeutic @entity2332 .

title: Timing of neuroprognostication in XXXX therapeutic @entity2332 *.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest survivors', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['postcardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Correction of @entity85 through reduction of the increased first intermetatarsal angle by a proximal open-wedge osteotomy. INDICATIONS: @entity85 with a first intermetatarsal angle > 14 degrees and @entity4553 in younger @entity1 . @entity85 with a short first metatarsal. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Degenerative changes in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Contractures of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Relative: overlength of the first metatarsal. Relative: lateral tilt of the articular cartilage surface of the first metatarsal head. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Proximal metatarsal osteotomy approximately 10 mm distal of the first tarsometatarsal joint with preservation of the lateral cortex. Careful manual opening of the osteotomy to avoid a fracture of the lateral cortex. Fixation of the osteotomy with an interlocking plate. Filling of the defect with cancellous bone. Distal soft-tissue procedure. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Postoperative hallux shoe for 6 weeks. Partial weight bearing (20 kg) for 2 weeks, afterwards full weight bearing. Mobilization of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Full weight bearing in comfortable shoes after appropriate bony healing has occurred radiologically. Sports with a high impact on the foot is allowed after 12 weeks. Orthotics are prescribed, if some @entity158 remains or associated pathologies require external support. RESULTS: In a consecutive series of 35 @entity1 , the first intermetatarsal angle could be reduced to normal values (6.8 degrees , standard deviation 1.3 degrees ). The open-wedge osteotomy resulted in a slight lengthening of the first metatarsal (1-2 mm). In one @entity1 local wound healing problems had to be treated with oral antibiotics. Operative revision was not necessary in any case. Implant failure or nonunion was not observed. One plate was removed because of local subcutaneous irritation.

title: [The proximal open-wedge osteotomy with interlocking plate for correction of @entity85 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['splayfoot deformity', 'Splayfoot deformity', 'Splayfoot deformities']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus deformity']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']