abstract: BACKGROUND: Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used mainly in treating @entity158 associated with @entity625 . The usual oral dose for @entity571 is 15 mg daily, but lower doses of 7.5 mg are advised in older @entity1 . This review sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral meloxicam in acute @entity282 , using clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity158 , and with outcomes measured primarily over 6 hours using standard methods. This type of study has been used for many decades to establish that drugs have analgesic properties. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of single dose oral meloxicam in acute @entity282 , and any associated adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched Cochrane CENTRAL (Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (June 2009); EMBASE (June 2009); the Oxford @entity158 Relief Database. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of oral meloxicam for relief of acute @entity282 in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We planned to use area under the " @entity158 relief versus time" curve to derive the proportion of @entity1 with meloxicam experiencing least 50% @entity158 relief over 4 to 6 hours, using validated equations; to use number needed to treat to benefit (NNT); the proportion of @entity1 using rescue analgesia over a specified time period; time to use of rescue analgesia; information on adverse events and withdrawals. MAIN RESULTS: No studies were identified by the searches that examined oral meloxicam in @entity1 with established @entity282 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of evidence of efficacy, at present, for oral meloxicam in acute @entity282 , its use in this indication is not justified. Because trials clearly demonstrating analgesic efficacy in the most basic of acute @entity158 studies is lacking, use in other indications should be evaluated carefully. Given the large number of available drugs of this and similar classes, there is no urgent research agenda.

title: Single dose oral meloxicam for acute XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'established pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term results after subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy in idiopathic @entity73 . METHODS: Between January 2003 and February 2004, 14 @entity1 with @entity73 and 2 @entity1 with mixed @entity1142 underwent subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy. The following information was collected during follow-up (mean 3 years): number of bowel movement, stool consistency, complications, quality of life and degree of satisfaction. RESULTS: There was no mortality or major @entity260 . One month after the operation, bowel frequency was a mean of 4 daily, with a semi-liquid stool consistency. After 3 years, bowel frequency was a mean of 2 daily, with a semi-solid stool consistency. Although no patient used antidiarrheal medicine, laxatives continued to be used by one case with mixed chronic @entity1142 . All @entity1 reported a good or improved quality of life and satisfied with the results. Two @entity1 developed @entity1104 ileus post operation. There was no @entity294 or @entity322 occurred during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal colectomy with end-to-end antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy for appropriately selected @entity1 with @entity73 results in consistent relief of @entity1142 and satisfactory outcome.

title: [Long-term results of subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-transit constipation', 'chronic slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['chronic slow-transit constipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation for stenotic lesions of renal arteries and other branches of the aorta in @entity12040 have been reported to show good outcomes. However, this form of therapy has been reported in few cases with pulmonary artery involvement. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of this interventional treatment for @entity849 due to @entity12040 . METHODS: A total of 4 @entity1 (3 female and 1 male, ages 30-40 yrs) with Takayasu's @entity358 underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and stent implantation and were followed up for 1 to 4 years. RESULTS: One @entity1 underwent balloon angioplasty alone, 3 @entity1 underwent balloon angioplasty and stent implantation. The stenoses were relieved acutely, @entity26 saturation improved immediately due to improvement in lung perfusion and relief of @entity1353 . The pressure gradient fell from 58.3 +/- 8.7 mm Hg to 14 +/- 3.2 mm Hg and mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 48.5 +/- 12.0 mm Hg to 37.3 +/- 6.0 mm Hg. At a follow-up period of 34.5 +/- 15.8 months, the @entity1 with balloon angioplasty alone developed a recurrence of symptoms 18 months after the procedure. The other 3 @entity1 continued to be asymptomatic and the stent remained patent without @entity256 after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation is a safe and effective treatment in @entity1 with @entity849 caused by @entity12040 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for XXXX due to @entity12040 : clinical outcome and four-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteritis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) in the Sivas province, and to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and co-morbid axis-I and axis-II diagnoses in @entity1277 . METHOD: 1122 @entity1 between 18-44 years of age were enrolled in the study after completing the eating attitude test (EAT), and @entity1 who had points around the cut-off score had clinical interviews. The control group included subjects that were age- and sex-matched with the @entity2613 group, were not diagnosed with an @entity2613 , and had an EAT score <30. In order to determine the following as @entity2270 II, @entity915 -I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity74 ) and @entity915 -II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders) were performed on both the @entity1277 and control groups. RESULTS: As a result of the scanning done with EAT, we observed that 5.25% of this population might have an eating @entity146 . The prevalence of the @entity1277 was found to be 1.52% by the structured clinical interview in the second step of the study. While the prevalence of @entity1279 was determined to be 0.63%, that of @entity5550 was 0.81%. The diagnosis of @entity2613 is common and statistically significant among @entity1 (88.2%). According to the study, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2613 were more likely to have a moderate income as compared with those who were not diagnosed with an @entity2613 . Also, @entity1 with @entity2613 had been exposed to more @entity130 , and it was more likely that someone in their family had a @entity146 diagnosis. Among the @entity1 group, the axis I and axis II co-morbidity rates were significantly higher than those of the control group. 47% (8/17) of the @entity1 were determined to have a co-morbid axis I diagnosis. The most frequently diagnosed co-morbidity was major @entity308 . 41% of the @entity1 were determined to have an @entity146 . The most common rate of diagnosis was 11.8% for both @entity3119 and @entity1314 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the point prevalence rate for @entity1277 among all the @entity1 was 1.52%, with @entity5550 being the most prevalent @entity2613 . Psychiatric co-morbidity is common in @entity1 with @entity1277 . An @entity2613 is a disease that can be seen in different age groups and socioeconomic levels. Studies with larger samples, including different regions of the country and different age groups, and with diagnoses that have been confirmed by clinical interviews, are required.

title: [The prevalence of @entity1277 and comorbid XXXX in the Sivas Province].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons', 'women', 'participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['avoidant personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavior disorder', 'axis II diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'EDs', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis-I Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis I or axis']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: The purpose of this article is to present detailed data on the nutritional assessment in cirrhotic @entity1 . The exact frequency and types of @entity3147 , its associations with the aetiology of @entity409 , @entity409 and clinical staging in @entity1575 are unknown. A new classification system is presented which may help to suggest some interventional guidelines. Physical (anthropometry, 24-h urinary @entity1011 excretion, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), total body @entity972 counting, ultrasound examination) and metabolic (indirect calorimetry) assessment of nutritional status was therefore performed in 123 @entity1 with @entity1575 , who were considered as potential candidates for liver transplantation. Data were related to the clinical, biochemical, histological and prognostic data of @entity409 . Of our @entity1 65% showed some signs of @entity7493 as indicated by low body cell mass, reduced serum @entity2313 concentrations or abnormal skinfold thickness. Of these 34% were considered as " @entity16995 -like" (normal body composition, serum @entity2313 less than 35 g/l), and 18% were "marastic" (reduced body weight, body cell mass, and fat mass). However, 49% of the malnourished group had reduced body cell mass in association with increased fat mass and frequently presented with a normal body weight ("mixed" or " @entity28 " type). @entity7493 did not correlate with the aetiology of the disease and biochemical parameters of liver function. Malnutrition was observed at all clinical stages but was more frequently seen at advanced stages. We conclude that @entity3147 associated with @entity1575 is not a clear phenomenon. Its clinical presentation is heterogenous and not reflected by the histological or biochemical parameters of @entity409 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-calorie malnutrition', 'Protein-calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity16995 :: ('MESH:D007732', 'Disease') :: ['kwashiorkor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['Protein-calorie malnutrition']


abstract: @entity6758 -mediated signaling promotes invasiveness by direct @entity5 activation in some @entity5 . However, @entity6758 expression and its relationship with clinical features and prognosis in @entity157 remained unclear. Overexpression of @entity4245 is common in @entity157 and associated with poorer prognosis. Therefore, expression of @entity6758 and @entity4245 was investigated in @entity157 cell lines and tissue specimens in our study, and special attention was paid to evaluating the role of @entity6758 expression in prognosis of @entity157 . Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect expression of @entity6758 , @entity4245 and @entity1495 in 4 @entity157 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, expression of these proteins was confirmed on the samples from 95 @entity157 @entity1 who underwent curative resection using immunohistochemistry. ROC and survival analysis determined the predictive values of parameters and the association with survival. @entity157 cell lines with a higher @entity6758 expression were more invasive. Both @entity6758 and @entity4245 expressions were significantly higher in @entity157 tissues than in non-cancerous tissues. High-expression @entity6758 and @entity4245 , associated with adverse clinical features, were independent prognostic factors for @entity4434 and @entity3012 (P=0.023 and P=0.044, respectively). Positive correlation was found between @entity6758 and @entity4245 or @entity1495 (r=0.418 and r=0.232, respectively, P<0.05 for both) in cancerous tissues. The combination of @entity6758 and @entity4245 gave a better power to predict @entity1 ' recurrence and @entity204 (P<0.001 for both). High @entity6758 expression, distinctively expressed in the cytomembrane of @entity157 cells, was associated with @entity157 progression and worse outcome. High co-expression of @entity6758 and @entity4245 may be a novel prognostic marker for @entity157 , especially in recurrence.

title: High co-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and @entity4245 is associated with poor prognosis after curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy for central @entity703 suspicious for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) may carry a small risk of having @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) on final pathology, even in the absence of filling defects or abnormal cytology. We describe outcomes in such @entity1 undergoing robotic nephrectomy for suspected @entity1358 , with intraoperative specimen assessment to guide completion ureterectomy if @entity1606 is present. Between September 2010 and August 2015, ten @entity1 had central renal masses suspicious for @entity1358 , which were not amenable to nephron-sparing surgery. @entity1 underwent a four-arm robotic nephrectomy technique using a GelPOINT(  ) access port. Following hilar ligation, the ureter was divided between adjacent hem-o-lok clips, placed in an endocatch bag, and extracted through the GelPOINT incision for the frozen section analysis. If intraoperative assessment confirmed @entity1606 , a robotic completion ureterectomy and a bladder cuff excision were performed. Of the ten @entity1 with central @entity5 who underwent robotic nephrectomy for suspected @entity1358 , four (40  %) had @entity1606 on the frozen section analysis and underwent completion ureterectomy. Five @entity1 had @entity1358 , and one @entity1 had an @entity1637 . Mean age was 63.1  years (49-76) and mean @entity5 size was 4.0  cm (1.9-7.6). Mean operating time was 246  min (135-328). All @entity1 had negative margins. Mean length of stay was 2.5  days. No recurrences were documented at median 8.5  months follow-up. For @entity1 undergoing robotic nephrectomy for central @entity703 , intraoperative specimen evaluation can help determine the need for minimally invasive completion ureterectomy.

title: Robotic nephrectomy for central XXXX with intraoperative evaluation of @entity5 histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of anti- @entity8265 IgA (TTG) antibody titer in the diagnosis of @entity1593 , taking small intestine histopathology as the gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Paediatrics, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from February to July 2013. METHODOLOGY: Sixty @entity1 aged 2 - 13 years, admitted in the Paediatric Department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, having at least 3 features from chronic @entity294 , @entity3147 , @entity851 , @entity417 , @entity1661 and clubbing, were included. Age, gender, weight and height were recorded. @entity1661 and clubbing were clinically noted. For hemoglobin, blood complete picture was done. For determination of nutritional status and @entity851 , standard centile charts were used. TTG titer upper GI endoscopy, duodenal biopsy, and histopathology were done in all cases. RESULTS: There were 60 @entity1 ; 32 males, 28 females with mean age of 5.85 _plusmn;3.36 years. Frequency of @entity1050 was 63.33% in study population. Sensitivity of TTG was 86.84%, with 81.82% specificity, 89.19% positive predictive value, and 78.26% negative predictive value for diagnosing @entity1050 . TTG titre more than 50 iu/ml had a 100% positive predictive value. CONCLUSION: TTG is an excellent screening test for the diagnosis of paediatric @entity1050 . TTG value _ 50 IU/ml has 100% positive predictive value.

title: Accuracy of Anti- XXXX IgA Antibody in the Diagnosis of @entity1593 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension', 'Abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

answer: @entity8265 :: (7052,Gene) :: ['Tissue Transglutaminase']


abstract: A 40-yr-old @entity1 who had @entity2012 and @entity1378 due to a GH/TSH-secreting @entity977 is described. Serum free T4 was 2.8 ng/dl, free T3 was 1.1 ng/dl, and TSH was 1.2-1.5 microU/ml; the latter was measured in an immunoradiometric assay with a sensitivity of 0.07 microU/ml. Serum TSH was immunologically identical to standard TSH and did not decrease during a T3 suppression test. Serum free alpha-subunit and the molar alpha-subunit to TSH ratio were high (6.1 ng/ml and 31.2, respectively). @entity1218 administration induced significant @entity101 (+129%) and alpha-subunit (+156%) levels. Conversely, @entity935 infusion resulted in a decrease in serum GH (-66%) and alpha-subunit (-43%) levels, and subsequent administration of the @entity935 antagonist @entity3216 induced significant @entity101 and alpha-subunit (+393% and +106%, respectively). Similarly, @entity1943 infusion inhibited GH (-43%) and alpha-subunit (-61%) secretion. Serum TSH levels were not affected by @entity1218 , @entity935 , or @entity1943 . The biological to immunological activity ratio of serum TSH purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and measured in an adenylate cyclase assay was significantly increased compared to that in serum from hypothyroid or euthyroid subjects [biological to immunological activity ratio, 6.9 +/- 0.2 (+/- SD) vs. 4.4 +/- 1.1; P less than 0.001]. In gel chromatography, the apparent mol wt of the @entity1 's TSH was smaller than that of the controls. After adenomectomy, all of the altered parameters of pituitary function became normal. Double gold particle immunostaining of the adenomatous tissue showed that all of the cells contained secretory granules positive for GH and alpha-subunit, while very few cells were positive for @entity8531 as well as GH and alpha-subunit. These data indicate that in this patient serum TSH had an apparent mol wt smaller than that of normal TSH and an increased biological activity which, along with the autonomous TSH secretion, account for @entity1378 in the presence of low normal TSH levels; alpha-subunit originated from the same adenomatous cells that secreted GH but not TSH, thus explaining the in vivo observation that alpha-subunit responses to several agents were dissociated from TSH responses and parallel to GH responses; and TSH and GH were colocalized in a minority of the neoplastic cells.

title: Endocrine, biochemical, and morphological studies of a XXXX secreting growth hormone, thyrotropin (TSH), and alpha-subunit: evidence for secretion of TSH with increased bioactivity.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in both GH']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: Successful repair of nonpenetrating @entity3697 is uncommon. Two cases of nonpenetrating traumatic @entity299 from accident are reported. Case 1. Seventy eight year old @entity1 with shock was admitted to Iida City Hospital four hours after getting a bruise by a wood block on the anterior chest wall. Soon after his arrival ultrasonic cardiography was performed because of a doubt of cardiac @entity130 . And it revealed @entity2293 . Then the emergency operation was performed. After pericardial effusion was drained, @entity397 on the out-flow tract of the right ventricle was found and was successfully repaired without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. Case 2. Sixty five year old @entity1 with @entity712 was admitted to Iida City Hospital four months after getting a bruise on left chest and back from falling. @entity662 was reduced three weeks after the accident, however, @entity1353 was getting worse. Ultrasonic cardiography and aortography showed @entity337 . Under cardiopulmonary bypass aortic valve replacement was performed. His @entity337 was caused by perforation of non-coronary cuspid due to accident. Ultrasonic cardiography is useful to make a diagnosis of nonpenetrating @entity3697 . It is necessary to operate as soon as possible in @entity7086 , and to select valve replacement for @entity337 .

title: [Two cases of @entity299 due to nonpenetrating XXXX of the chest].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest and back pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injuries']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic cardiac injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: In the accompanying paper, we described the existence, molecular characterization, and ontogeny of a 30 kDa abnormal protein in @entity1573 @entity121 . In this study, we have purified @entity1573 carbonic anhydrase III and the 30 kDa protein and directly compared them. In terms of its enzymological features, the 30 kDa protein is a typical carbonic anhydrase III. Like carbonic anhydrases, it contains one mole zinc per mole of protein. The protein selectively cross-reacted with a @entity1573 carbonic anhydrase III antibody. Antibody to the 30 kDa protein cross-reacted with @entity1573 skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase III. Moreover, the distribution of the abnormal protein is exactly identical to that of carbonic anhydrase III; however, there is a possibility that the 30 kDa protein is a variant of carbonic anhydrase III. Slight differences were found in antigenicities and in the apparent molecular weights of the two proteins. We have compared the two proteins by 125I-labeled two-dimensional peptide mapping. Tryptic maps have shown that the two proteins are highly homologous. Combined, these results strongly indicate that the 30 kDa protein and carbonic anhydrase III are similar, if not identical.

title: The 30 kDa abnormal protein in avian XXXX is indistinguishable from carbonic anhydrase III by physicochemical, immunological, and enzymological criteria.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic muscles']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['dystrophic muscle']


abstract: Limb @entity1742 , a defect in skilled, learned purposive movement, may be related to impairment of either representational or innervatory components of praxis processing. Innervatory motor patterns, in turn, may involve on-line motor programs (visual feedback-controlled) or prepared movement programs (independent of continuous visual feedback). We evaluated movement abilities ofthe innervatory pattern system in @entity1906 ,a 26-year-old @entity1 with @entity1742 from a left dorsolateral frontal @entity64 . @entity1906 and four controls performed nonmeaningful single and multi-joint movements to command, with multi-joint movements combined sequentially (e.g. "open and close your hand and then bend your elbow") or simultaneously (e.g. "open and close your hand; keep doing that while bending your elbow"). @entity1906 showed no difference between single-joint (71.5% correct) and multi-joint movements in sequential combinations (68% correct), but she was significantly worse at simultaneous movement combinations (28.6% correct; P < .02). Controls performed consistently at > 90% mean accuracy. @entity1906 and four normals also performed the Fitts (1954) task, in which they alternately tapped with a pen between two target circles of varying size. @entity1906 was proportionately slower than controls on the larger Fitts circles, which call predominantly on prepared movement programs; her performance on the smaller circles (involving more on-line programs) was comparable to normals. We conclude that functional synchrony of one innervatory pattern subtype, prepared movement programs, may require late-level frontal processing, and that failure at this level can result in both @entity1742 and defective programming of nonmeaningful movements.

title: XXXX : failure to combine simultaneous preprogrammed movements.

answer: @entity1742 :: (MESH:D001072,Disease) :: ['Dyssynchronous apraxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injuries to the abdominal aorta are rare and remain one of the most lethal causes of @entity204 in @entity130 . The purposes of this study were to identify primary predictors of mortality and to examine the impact of a well-established operating room resuscitation protocol on survival in @entity1 with traumatic @entity130 . METHODS: A 20-year retrospective review was performed of medical records and autopsy reports of @entity130 @entity1 admitted with confirmed injury to the abdominal aorta. Data on @entity1 demographics, admission characteristics, operative findings, and the initial location of resuscitation were collected. The main outcome measure was @entity204 . RESULTS: Abdominal aortic @entity130 were diagnosed in 60 @entity1 . Their average age was 26.5 years, and the mean transport time was 10 minutes. The overall mortality rate (MR) was 73%. With the exclusion of 18 @entity1 considered dead on arrival, the MR decreased to 61%. The mechanism of injury was blunt in 20% (MR 92%) and penetrating in 80% (MR 68%). @entity520 , defined as a pH <7.2 (MR 81%) or a base deficit >10 (MR 77%), was a predictor of @entity204 (P < .0001). @entity1 resuscitated directly in the operating room had a significantly lower MR (40%) than those resuscitated in the @entity130 room (MR 78%; P < .02). The lack of retroperitoneal tamponade (P < .02), the presence of associated intra-abdominal @entity130 (P < .001), and the location of @entity130 at the subdiaphragmatic (18%; MR 90%) or suprarenal location (37%; MR 71%; P < .005) at exploration resulted in significantly higher @entity1 mortality. Surgical management consisted of primary repair in 26, end-to-end repair in 1, interposition graft in 8, or patch in 1. Resuscitative thoracotomy was performed in 27 @entity1 (45%), with an overall MR of 92%. CONCLUSION: Despite advances in fluid resuscitation, operative strategy, and transport during the past 20 years, the mortality of @entity130 to the abdominal aorta remains high. Shock, @entity520 , @entity130 , and a lack of retroperitoneal tamponade all independently contribute to mortality and should raise the suspicion for a potentially lethal @entity130 in a severely injured @entity1 . Rapid identification and resuscitation in the operating room may therefore be the only factors to improve current survival rates in such devastating @entity130 .

title: XXXX factors and operating room resuscitation predict mortality in traumatic abdominal aortic injury: a 20-year analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'Acidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'traumatic injury', 'aortic injury', 'suprarenal aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown in many types of @entity5 including the @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Although there are many new and innovative approaches in the treatment of @entity213 , a clear marker of this disease is still missing. Three candidate miRNAs ( @entity22869 -3p, @entity27164 -5p and @entity26261 -3p) were studied in connection with @entity213 using quantitative real-time PCR expression levels in 42 tissue samples of @entity213 @entity1 and histologically normal @entity5 -adjacent tissue samples of these @entity1 . Primary @entity213 tissues can be distinguished from histologically normal-matched noncancerous @entity5 -adjacent tissues based on hsa- @entity26261 -3p expression (sensitivity 87.5  %, specificity 65  %). Additionally, a significant decrease of hsa- @entity27164 -5p expression was revealed in @entity5 -adjacent tissue samples of @entity1 with node positivity. Lower expression of hsa- @entity27164 -5p and hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity213 tissue was associated with higher @entity5 grade. Consequently, survival analysis was performed. Lower expression of hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity5 -adjacent tissue was associated with worse overall and disease-specific survivals. Lower expression of @entity22869 -3p in tumourous tissue was associated with worse relapse-free survival. hsa- @entity26261 -3p seems to be a relatively promising diagnostic marker in @entity213 but is not suitable for prognosis of @entity1 . Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of histologically normal @entity5 -adjacent tissue in @entity213 progress (significant decrease of hsa- @entity27164 -5p expression in @entity5 -adjacent tissue of @entity1 with node positivity and low expression of hsa- @entity22869 -3p in @entity213 -adjacent tissue associated with worse prognosis).

title: Expression profiles of XXXX , @entity27164 and @entity26261 in @entity5 and @entity5 -adjacent tissues of head and neck cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC tumour', 'HNSCC carcinoma', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity22869 :: (407026,Gene) :: ['miR-29c']


abstract: Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) are becoming an important source of cells for regenerative medicine given their apparent advantages of accessibility, renewal capacity and multipotentiality. In the intermediate stage between the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, AFSCs may have a distinct mechanism to choose their fate. Unfortunately, until now, little is known about how bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control the osteoblastic differentiation of AFSCs, especially on 3D scaffolds. Our research shows that @entity1 AFSCs (hAFSCs) can be induced for osteoblastic differentiation by rhBMP-7, and hAFSCs respond to rhBMP-7 more strongly than @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). As synthetic ECM, scaffolds play a central role in tissue engineering. The hAFSCs, on the nanofibrous scaffolds (NF scaffolds) with morphology similar to that of natural collagen fibers, showed significantly enhanced @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity, @entity460 content, von Kossa staining and the expression of osteogenic genes than those on the traditional scaffolds, i.e. solid walled scaffolds. The data on the bone formation in vivo presented further evidence that biomimetic NF scaffolds provided hAFSCs a more favorable synthetic ECM, and thus, facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of hAFSCs. The relative strong responsiveness to rhBMP-7 makes hAFSCs promising in bone regeneration. The synthetic NF scaffolds, which mimic the morphology of natural collagen fibers, enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation of hAFSCs in vitro and bone formation in vivo.

title: Osteogenic differentiation of XXXX amniotic fluid-derived stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein-7 and enhanced by nanofibrous scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['alkaline phosphatase', 'ALP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic removal of symptomatic @entity356 ( @entity788 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2011, 9 @entity1 with suspected symptomatic @entity788 were enrolled in the study. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed to clarify the @entity788 tissue location and to choose the endoscopic resection method. Endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed to remove the @entity788 tissue. Symptoms in the enrolled @entity1 were assessed before and after endoscopic removal of the @entity788 tissue. @entity5 pathology and complications were recorded after the treatment. A standard follow-up was scheduled at 1 week and 2 months after treatment. RESULTS: Removal of suspected @entity33 or endoscopic submucosal dissection was successful in all 9 cases. @entity490 , @entity491 , and @entity548 occurred in 6 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 , respectively, after treatment and were relieved by symptomatic treatment. There were no other unpredictable complications. The symptoms related to @entity788 , including @entity158 , bloating, and postprandial fullness, were relieved significantly after the treatment. During follow-up, there was no recurrence of @entity788 in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic removal appears to be a safe and effective method to treat @entity1819 suspected to be @entity788 with symptoms. The symptoms, such as @entity158 , bloating, and postprandial fullness were well resolved after endoscopic treatment.

title: Endoscopic removal of symptomatic XXXX : a report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['HP with endoscopic mucosal resection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric heterotopic pancreas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric heterotopic pancreas']


abstract: Soft-gel miniprostheses of @entity1346 were implanted subcutaneously into 75 male @entity35 . Groups of prostheses were preinjected with saline, a commercial form of @entity2995 , or a suspension of crystalline @entity2995 . The softness of the prosthesis mound later was measured objectively, and the capsules surrounding the implants were analyzed by histology, SEM, and chemistry, at various intervals up to 120 days after implantation. The control implants developed a normal laminar capsule. With an incidence increasing up to 100 percent at 120 days, the @entity479 -treated implants were surrounded by capsules lacking an inner membrane. The inner membrane of the laminar capsule had a high protein content (relative to normal tissue) and a relatively reduced collagen content, while the diffuse capsule resulting from the TA treatment had a high protein content and a high collagen content (about the same as normal tissue). No differences were found in the softness of the mounds of the implanted prostheses. The effect of the TA treatment was explained on the basis of its collagenolytic effect, which could gradually erode the normal capsule membrane. Capsule firmness could not be related to the architecture or the protein or collagen content in our findings. We hypothesize that normal capsule firmness may be related to the amount and kind of interconnection between the loose outer zone of connective tissue and the surrounding tissue.

title: Experimental effects on surrounding fibrous capsule formation from placing XXXX in a silicone bag-gel prosthesis before implantation.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is an @entity792 characterized by chronic @entity32 of the @entity2720 leading to bone and @entity16 . Untreated @entity625 can result in severe @entity717 . The use of anti-inflammatory agents and biologics has been the mainstay of treatment of @entity309 . However, the prolonged use of such agents may lead to severe adverse reactions. In addition, many of these drugs are quite expensive. These limitations have necessitated the search for newer therapeutic agents for @entity309 . Natural plant products offer a promising resource for potential antiarthritic agents. We describe here the cellular and soluble mediators of @entity32 -induced @entity79 (osteoimmunology) in @entity625 . We also elaborate upon various herbal products that possess antiarthritic activity, particularly mentioning the specific target molecules. As the use of natural product supplements by @entity309 @entity1 is increasing, this paper presents timely and useful information about the mechanism of action of promising herbal products that can inhibit the progression of @entity32 and @entity79 in the course of @entity625 .

title: Mediators of XXXX -induced @entity79 in @entity625 and their control by herbal products.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['synovial joints']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deformities and disability']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe diagnoses and outcomes when @entity1 choose to continue a pregnancy despite detection of @entity2241 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study from a French national registry between 2005 and 2009. Various indication groups were classified based on a scale incorporating mortality and morbidity outcomes. Risk factors for perinatal mortality and predictors of neonatal survival were determined by multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The overall number of pregnancies that continued after diagnosis of a @entity2241 was 2266 (6.6%). The diagnoses were categorized into life-limiting conditions (34.2%), @entity717 (40.8%), potential @entity717 (8.6%), other conditions (8.8%), and failure to classify (7.4%). During the study period, there was a significant increase in the number of @entity1 who continued pregnancy after their fetus was diagnosed with a life-limiting condition (p = 0.03), and a decrease when the fetus was diagnosed with potential @entity717 (p = 0.01). Pregnancy outcomes were @entity5617 (17.4%), neonatal mortality (22.3%), neonatal survival (52.7%), or unknown (7.5%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis suggested an increased likelihood of neonatal survival among fetuses diagnosed with @entity717 [59.8%, relative risk (RR) 4.1, 95% CI 3.1-5.7], potential @entity717 (74.4%, RR 11.5, 95% CI 6.2-21.2), and other conditions (80%, RR 12.6, 95% CI 5.7-27.9) compared with life-limiting conditions (30.1%). CONCLUSIONS: An increasing proportion of @entity1 chose to continue pregnancy after the fetus was diagnosed with a potentially life-limiting condition; survival of @entity1 with these diagnoses is not uncommon.

title: Continuation of pregnancy despite a diagnosis of XXXX : a retrospective French study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['serious disability anomaly', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['severe fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['severe fetal anomaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of muscle composition and @entity6288 on overall survival in advanced @entity43 ( @entity43 ) after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIC/IV @entity43 who underwent @entity1104 with curative intent between 1/1/2006 and 12/31/2012 were included. @entity1 variables and vital status were abstracted. Body composition was evaluated in a semi-automated process using Slice-O-Matic software @entity34483 (TomoVision). Skeletal muscle area and mean skeletal muscle attenuation were recorded. Associations with overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models and recursive partitioning. RESULTS: We identified 296 @entity1 and 132 (44.6%) were classified as sarcopenic. The average mean skeletal muscle attenuation of the entire cohort was 33.4 Hounsfield units (HU). A multivariate model of overall risk of death included histology, @entity66 , and mean skeletal attenuation. Among @entity1 without @entity66 , overall survival, but not progression free survival was significantly different between @entity1 with low versus high mean skeletal attenuation (median survival, 2.8 vs. 3.3years). Among @entity1 with @entity66 , overall survival was significantly different between @entity1 with low versus high mean skeletal attenuation >= 36.40 vs. <36.40 HU (median survival, 2.0 vs. 3.3years). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 and low mean skeletal muscle attenuation are common in @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 for advanced @entity43 . These factors are associated with poorer outcomes, and can be used in preoperative risk stratification and @entity1 counseling. Further research into body composition and whether this risk factor can be altered via nutrition or fitness in this population is warranted.

title: Muscle composition measured by CT scan is a measurable predictor of overall survival in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'primary debulking surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure contrast-response functions (CRFs) for 9 @entity227 ( @entity227 ) regions and nonlinear interactions between regions using a multifocal steady-state VEP ( @entity2073 ). METHODS: Ten normal adults were tested (51.7    16.9 yr, 5 females). Stimuli resembling those of the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) perimeter were presented in 9 @entity227 regions simultaneously, which were modulated at incommensurate temporal frequencies (mean 19.7 Hz). Responses were recorded to 11 contrasts from 3% to 89%, using 8 scalp electrodes. Two repeats of a 20s duration stimulus were averaged for each contrast. RESULTS: The CRFs were log-linear except for a @entity308 near 7% contrast (p=0.0008), which was prominent in the central @entity227 . The effects of @entity227 region, stimulus frequency and recording electrode were significant (all p<0.016). Significant responses at frequencies corresponding to interactions between @entity227 regions also appeared. Electrodes that were best for the interactions and second harmonic responses differed, suggesting different cortical sources. CONCLUSIONS: Despite short recording durations the saturating CRFs meant that significant responses could be measured to low contrasts, and be distinguished from nonlinear interactions. SIGNIFICANCE: Recording MSVs to low contrast FDT-like stimuli might be useful for quantifying damage by @entity726 and other @entity227 .

title: Contrast-response functions of the multifocal steady-state VEP ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF', 'visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity2073 :: (10821,Species) :: ['MSV']


abstract: Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can affect the intracellular structures of cells in vitro. This study shows the direct effects of nsPEFs on @entity5 growth, @entity5 volume, and histological characteristics of normal skin and B16-F10 @entity320 in SKH-1 @entity19 . A @entity320 model was set up by injecting B16-F10 into female SKH-1 @entity19 . After a 100-pulse treatment with an nsPEF (40-kV/cm field strength; 300-ns duration; 30-ns rise time; 2-Hz repetition rate), @entity5 growth and histology were studied using transillumination, light microscopy with @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain and transmission electron microscopy. Melanin and @entity68 within the @entity320 were also detected with specific stains. After nsPEF treatment, @entity5 development was inhibited with decreased volumes post-nsPEF treatment compared with control @entity5 (P<0.05). The nsPEF-treated @entity5 volume was reduced significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). @entity1710 and eosin stain and transmission electron microscopy showed morphological changes and nuclear shrinkage in the @entity5 . Fontana-Masson stain indicates that nsPEF can externalize the melanin. @entity68 stain suggested nsPEF caused slight @entity548 in the treated tissue. Histology confirmed that repeated applications of nsPEF disrupted the vascular network. nsPEF treatment can significantly disrupt the vasculature, reduce subcutaneous @entity19 @entity320 development, and produce @entity5 cell contraction and nuclear shrinkage while concurrently, but not permanently, damaging peripheral healthy skin tissue in the treated area, which we attribute to the highly localized electric fields surrounding the needle electrodes.

title: Histopathology of normal skin and XXXX after nanosecond pulsed electric field treatment.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin', 'hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: There is accumulating clinical evidence that @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) represents the therapeutic moiety of @entity3378 in the treatment of @entity29 . For more than 4 decades, the active metabolite, @entity3504 , has been administered in the form of the 'prodrug' @entity3378 ; however, in contrast to @entity3378 , the pharmacokinetics of @entity3504 were unknown until recently. @entity3378 itself is poorly absorbed (3 to 12%) and its elimination half-life of about 5 to 10 hours is probably affected by the absorption process. The major part of @entity3378 is split by bacterial azo-reduction in the colon into @entity3504 and @entity27009 , the latter accounting for most of the adverse effects of @entity3378 . The effective cleavage of @entity3378 depends on an intact colon and transit time. It is markedly reduced in patients taking antibiotics and after removal of the large bowel. The formed @entity27009 is almost completely absorbed and eliminated by hydroxylation, glucuronidation and polymorphic acetylation. Depending on the genetic phenotype, the elimination half-life and apparent oral clearance of @entity27009 are approximately 14 hours and 40 ml/min (slow acetylators) or 6 hours and 150 ml/min (fast acetylators), respectively. Of the @entity3504 released from its 'vehicle' @entity27009 in the colon, at least 25% is absorbed and after acetylation is subsequently excreted in the urine. At least 50% is eliminated in the faeces. Recently, @entity3504 has also been administered directly in the form of enemas, suppositories and oral slow-release preparations. While the elimination half-life of @entity3504 is short (0.5 to 1.5 h), its major acetylated metabolite (which may be active) exhibits a half-life of 5 to 10 hours. During therapy with @entity3378 or @entity3504 , steady-state plasma concentrations of @entity3504 are relatively low (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml); thus its mode of action appears to be topically rather than systemically. Another approach to deliver the active @entity3504 to the gastrointestinal tract is accomplished with novel 'prodrugs' of @entity3504 , in which the carrier molecule @entity27009 is replaced by @entity3504 itself ( @entity18573 ) or other compounds.

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity3378 , its metabolites and other prodrugs of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity18573 :: ('MESH:C032587', 'Chemical') :: ['azodisalicylate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulphasalazine', 'sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity27009 :: ('MESH:D013427', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphapyridine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']


abstract: We report herein the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity16959 on @entity5829 ( @entity9956 )-induced @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity4090 (PRL) and @entity701 secretion in healthy male subjects. In the first study, nine subjects were treated with either @entity16959 (0.04 mg, p.o.) or placebo. In the second study, 12 subjects received either @entity9956 (50 mg, i.v.) alone or in combination with @entity16959 (0.04 mg, p.o.) given 60 min prior to @entity9956 administration. @entity16959 alone had no influence on @entity2124 , PRL, or @entity701 concentrations, compared to placebo. @entity9956 alone caused @entity2124 stimulation (mean maximum = 15.7 +/- 3.4 ng/ml), which was significantly lower after combined administration of @entity9956 and @entity16959 (mean maximum = 7.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) (p less than or equal to 0.01). @entity9956 -induced PRL and @entity701 stimulation was not influenced by @entity16959 pretreatment. These results indicate the inhibiting influence of noradrenergic beta-receptors on @entity2124 stimulation.

title: Influence of @entity16959 , a beta-adrenergic agonist, on XXXX induced @entity2124 , @entity4090 and @entity701 stimulation.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the Chinese practice of intraocular antibiotics administration for prophylaxis after @entity542 . METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed online by scanning a Quickmark (QR) code with smartphones at the 20th Chinese National Conference of Ocular @entity130 in November 2014. RESULTS: A total of 153 (30.6%) of all participators at the conference responded. Of the respondents, 20.9% were routinely administered with prophylactic intraocular injection of antibiotics at the conclusion of the primary eye repair, and 56.9% were used only in cases with high risk of @entity3225 development. The intraocular route of delivery was mainly included with intracameral injection (47.9%) and intravitreal injection (42.0%). @entity2886 (53.8%) and @entity2176 (42.0%) were the main choices of antibiotic agents, followed by @entity2887 (24.3%), and @entity581 (13.4%). Only 21.9% preferred a combination of two or more two drugs routinely. In addition, significantly more respondents from the referral eye hospital (92.7%) replied using intraocular antibiotics injection for prophylaxis compared to those respondents from the primary hospital (69.4%) (p = 0.001, @entity16043 's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular antibiotics injection for post-traumatic @entity3225 prophylaxis is widely used in China. However, the choice of antibiotic agents and the intraocular route of delivery vary. A well-designed clinical trial is needed to establish a standardized protocol of intraocular antibiotics administration for post-traumatic @entity3225 prophylaxis.

title: Survey of Intraocular Antibiotics Prophylaxis Practice after XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open globe injury']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['Cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Open Globe Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate bone changes demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) as a predictor of the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Tertiary referral university medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 diagnosed with unilateral @entity1180 underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from 2003 to 2009. Preoperative CTs of all @entity1 were reviewed by a single radiologist blinded to the pathologic diagnosis. Bone density was evaluated and expressed in Hounsfield units (HU). Sinus @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was also measured and compared with the contralateral side. All the histopathologic specimens were reviewed. A database was constructed containing demographic data, clinical symptoms, CT measurements, and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Average age was 44.07 years, with 22 @entity1 (57.9%) and 16 @entity1 (42.1%). The average @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) was 828.7 HU, and no correlation was found between the density of the diseased maxillary sinus bony walls and the severity of the histopathologic inflammatory process of the soft tissue (P = .474). The average @entity121 of the diseased sinuses was 2.6 mm, and a correlation was found between inflammation severity and @entity121 (P = .018). Wall thickening was found in 97.3% of the cases and an increase in density in 78.9% without correlation between @entity2101 and @entity121 . CONCLUSION: Wall thickness but not @entity2101 obtained from CT scans may be a simple index for evaluation of unilateral chronic rhinosinusitis and its severity. Further studies confirming these results and comparing them with clinical correlates are indicated.

title: Comparison of clinical data, CT, and bone histopathology in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['chronic maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['wall thickness', 'WT']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['WD', 'wall density']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['chronic maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: Salivary gland cells are joined by junctional complexes consisting of a tight junction (TJ), zonula adherens and one or more desmosomes. TJs regulate paracellular permeability, maintain separate apical and basolateral membrane domains, and serve as signaling centers. We examined TJs of @entity19 submandibular glands (SMG) in thin sections and freeze- @entity174 replicas. TJs between acinar cells and between intercalated duct cells had 2-6 parallel strands on the @entity174 , with occasional branches, interconnections and free ends, and corresponding grooves on the extracellular face. Granular duct cell TJs had 2-30 strands, a depth of <or=0.5 microm, and occasional loops extending further basally. Where 3 or 4 cells met, the TJs extended basally <or=1 microm and consisted of 2 parallel boundary strands into which the apical strands inserted. Quantitative analyses showed significant differences in TJ complexity, measured by fractal geometry, and strand number of acinar compared to granular duct cells, and a greater number of strands in male compared to female granular ducts. @entity2134 stimulation increased TJ strand number in female acinar cells, and increased complexity of male granular duct cell TJs. As the salivary gland water channel aquaporin 5 ( @entity31998 ) has been proposed to functionally interact with TJs to regulate salivary fluid composition, we also studied glands from @entity31998 knock-out @entity19 . In males lacking @entity31998 , granular duct TJs were more complex than those of wild-type @entity19 , and exhibited more strands following @entity2134 stimulation. The results demonstrate specific gender, cell type and genetic differences in TJ structure and response to stimulation.

title: The structure of tight junctions in XXXX submandibular gland.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['protoplasmic fracture face', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Synthetic matrices have been used widely to repair and/or to replace biological tissues. However, there is relatively little information on the effect of different anatomical compartments on the host response to foreign implants. We have analyzed such responses to sponge implants in subcutaneous and in intraperitoneal sites in @entity19 at days 3, 5, and 8 postimplantation by measuring @entity32 , angiogenesis, and production of proangiogenic/inflammatory cytokines. The angiogenic response, assessed by hemoglobin content and by morphometric analysis of the number of vessels, was higher in intraperitoneal implants. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in intraperitoneal implants were 14-fold higher than in subcutaneous implants at day 3 and remained high for the next 5 days. Neutrophil accumulation as determined by @entity10873 activity was the same in both types of implants. Macrophage accumulation (N-acetylglucosaminidase activity) was also similar on days 3 and 8 in both implants. Levels of the chemokine @entity9701 /KC were always higher, but those of @entity1750 /JE lower, in the intraperitoneal implant. These results demonstrate that the anatomical site of the implant markedly influenced the host response to synthetic matrices. Our results provide a greater understanding of factors affecting the biocompatibility of exogenous materials placed at different anatomical sites.

title: Host response to sponge implants differs between subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2657 is a fatal @entity879 and its pathogenesis remains unclear. To determine its presence in a model of @entity1578 , @entity35 were subjected to a portacaval @entity254 followed by hepatic artery ligation. Brain water was measured using the sensitive gravimetric method. Preliminary studies revealed marked @entity2332 in devascularized animals kept at room temperature (26.9 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees C). An additional group of devascularized @entity35 was kept in an incubator. As expected for @entity2332 , such animals had a lower arterial pressure and heart rate; the duration of @entity75 was markedly prolonged. Water content of the cortical gray matter was only increased in normothermic devascularized @entity35 : 80.14% +/- 0.31%, normal; 80.06% +/- 0.22%, portacaval shunt only; 80.42% +/- 0.26%, devascularized at room temperature; 81.29% +/- 0.38%, devascularized at controlled temperature (p less than 0.001). Such differences could not be detected using the dry-weight technique in whole cerebral hemispheres. Astrocyte changes in the cortical gray matter were noted in both @entity4 and nonedematous devascularized groups, coupled with the presence of vesicles containing horseradish peroxidase in the endothelial capillary cell. This suggests that in this model, @entity2657 may be due to both a cytotoxic mechanism and changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Future studies with this widely used model will require strict control of temperature to allow interpretation of experimental results. A therapeutic role for @entity2332 in the management of @entity2657 deserves further attention.

title: Effect of body temperature on @entity2657 and XXXX in the @entity35 after hepatic devascularization.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Brain edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['complication of fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: An affinity-purified plant lectin from @entity9377 (RCAII) was shown to exhibit differential @entity137 toward SV40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts grown in vitro. When macromolecular synthesis was examined in @entity19 and 3T3 cells, RCAII suppressed cell protein synthesis in the transformed line at lower concentrations (1/50 to 1/100) compared to the 3T3 line, and these effects were blocked by the RCAII inhibitors @entity3649 or @entity1132 . RNA and DNA synthesis and @entity4307 transport were relatively unaffected by RCAII concentrations (greater than 1 mug/ml) that completely suppressed protein synthesis in both cell lines. The RCAII-mediated inhibition of cell protein synthesis required incubation times longer than 60 min, but quantitative cell binding studies with 125-I-RCAII indicated that the lectin binds to maximal levels in approximately 5 to 10 min, even at 4 degrees. During 10-min labeling experiments with 125-I-RCAII (1 mug/ml), it was demonstrated that the cell-bound lectin could be almost quantitatively removed from cells up to an additional 15 min after labeling without subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis. However, longer incubation times (greater than 30 min) after RCAII cell labeling and washing resulted in incomplete removal of cell-bound lectin (less than 20 to 30% of cell-bound lectin could be removed after a 60-min incubation). The longer incubation times (greater than 60 min) also resulted in almost complete inhibition of protein synthesis. Ferritin-conjugated RCAII (ferritin-RCAII) was used to follow the fate of the cell-bound lectin. Ferritin-RCAII bound rapidly (less than 10 min) to @entity19 cell surfaces and could be blocked from labeling with @entity1132 . After a 10-min incubation at 4 degrees in ferritin-RCAII solutions, the ferritin label was exclusively located at the extracellular surface in a random distribution. After washing and incubation at 37 degrees, the ferritin-RCAII induced clustering of its receptors (15 to 30 min) and eventually induced endocytosis (30 to 60 min). Further incubation (greater than 60 min) resulted in a predominantly intracellular localization of ferritin-RCAII inside endocytotic vesicles and free in the cell cytoplasm. That RCAII acts directly on protein synthesis after cell entry was confirmed with @entity95 reticulocyte and @entity19 Krebs II ascites S30 cell-free protein synthesis system in diameter wit

title: Mechanism of cell entry and @entity137 of an affinity- purified lectin from XXXX and its differential effects on normal and virus-transformed fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['Ricinus communis']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

answer: @entity9377 :: (3988,Species) :: ['Ricinus communis']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity935 2 receptor ( @entity1633 ) modulates locomotor activity, hormone secretion, and neuropsychiatric function. Current knowledge of the @entity1633 structure is in large part derived from mutagenesis studies and molecular pharmacologic analysis together with homology modeling using @entity291 @entity6988 as a template. In this study, we utilized comparison of the @entity238 @entity33202 ( @entity33202 ) with the @entity1633 as a novel approach for identifying candidate @entity1522 that are determinants of ligand potency and/or efficacy. We focused our studies on four dopaminergic ligands that are used in the treatment of @entity191 : @entity2847 , @entity4088 , @entity23150 , and @entity25049 . All four ligands are potent agonists at the wild-type @entity1633 , whereas only @entity2847 shows comparable function at the @entity33202 . We performed site-directed mutagenesis to replace @entity1633 @entity1522 (modeled to project into the ligand binding pocket) with corresponding @entity238 residues, and vice versa. Substitution of three @entity1522 in the @entity1633 with the homologous @entity33202 residues ( @entity33203 , @entity33204 , and @entity33205 ) led to a pronounced loss of @entity4088 potency and efficacy. A converse triple @entity535 substitution of @entity1 residues into the @entity238 receptor ( @entity33202 - @entity33206 / @entity33207 / @entity33208 ) markedly enhanced @entity4088 efficacy and potency at the mutant @entity33202 . The same substitutions also converted @entity23150 and @entity25049 , which lacked appreciable activity on the @entity33202 , to partial agonists. These findings show the important role of these three residues in drug-receptor interactions. Our study illustrates that comparison of a @entity1 receptor with an invertebrate homolog complements previously described strategies for defining G protein-coupled receptor structure-function relationships.

title: Identification of XXXX determinants of @entity935 2 receptor synthetic agonist function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity33203 :: ('p|SUB|V|91|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V91A']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'fly']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['piribedil']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on 24  -h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) with a standard radiofrequency ablation catheter (RF catheter). METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with resistant @entity101 received bilateral RDN with an RF catheter (6  RF applications, 1  minute each, 8-12  watts). Seventy @entity1 fulfilled inclusion criteria with mean systolic ABP >= 140  mmHg (mean 165/89) despite treatment with >= 3 antihypertensive drugs (mean 5.9) including a diuretic, and were further analysed for ABP changes. Follow-up @entity12804  months comprised biochemical evaluations and ABP measurement. At 6/12  months, duplex sonography of the renal arteries was additionally performed. RESULTS: @entity1903  months we observed a significant reduction in systolic ABP of -15/-17/-18/-15  mmHg (n  = 55/53/57/50; non-parametric Friedman test, p <  0.001) and diastolic ABP of -6/-9/-10/-7  mmHg (p <  0.001). Of the @entity1 , 70   %/64   % showed a systolic ABP reduction of >= 10  mmHg, and 77   %/70   % of >= 5  mmHg at 6/12-month follow-up. Two @entity1 (2.7   %) developed @entity2791 (>70   %) with subsequent stenting without complications. Logistic regression analysis with systolic ABP reduction >= 10  mmHg at 12  months follow-up as criterion revealed that only the mean baseline systolic ABP was significant, OR  = 2.174. CONCLUSIONS: RDN with a standard RF catheter can be used safely to reduce mean ABP in resistant @entity101 as shown in long-term follow-up.

title: Renal denervation with standard radiofrequency ablation catheter is effective in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure reduction - follow-up XXXX  months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

answer: @entity12804 :: (185;4287,Gene) :: ['at 1/3/6/12']


abstract: CONTEXT: Stimulation of lipolysis, leading to increased blood concentrations of free @entity1718 (FFAs), is a primary effect of GH and phosphorylation of intracellular @entity11715 is a primary mediator of the effects of GH. OBJECTIVE: Based on preliminary results, we intended to test whether FFAs exert a negative feedback inhibition of @entity11715 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Eight healthy young @entity1 were investigated for 8 h on four occasions at four different FFA levels in a single blind, randomized manner. Acipimox was used to suppress FFA levels and Intralipid was infused to obtain appropriate FFA concentrations. @entity1943 was infused to control GH levels and GH, insulin, and glucagon were replaced. Muscle biopsies were taken after 8 h and compared with a fifth biopsy taken under normal basal conditions. SETTING: The study was conducted at a university clinical research unit. RESULTS: GH concentrations remained steady and comparable in all studies and FFA concentrations varied between 0.01 and 1.71 mmol/liter on the four occasions (P < 0.05). We observed a dose-dependent 40% decrease of @entity11715 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle with increasing concentrations of FFAs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest the existence of a negative feedback loop, whereby effects of GH may be dampened by FFA inhibition of GH-dependent @entity11715 phosphorylation. The mechanisms behind and biological consequences of this finding awaits additional studies.

title: Free @entity1718 inhibit growth hormone/signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 signaling in XXXX muscle: a potential feedback mechanism.

entities_list: @entity11715 :: ('6776', 'Gene') :: ['STAT5', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The major action of serum on gram-negative organisms is thought to be on the microbial envelope. We compared the effects of normal @entity1 and rabbit serum on the envelope lipids of two strains of @entity5134 , one sensitive and one resistant to the bactericidal effects of serum. During killing by either serum, the sensitive strain underwent rapid permeability changes coincident with degradation of microbial phospholipids. The resistant strain exhibited none of these effects. The phospholipid degradation that accompanies killing of the sensitive strain by serum could be caused by phospholipases present in serum or by Serratia's own phospholipid-splitting enzymes. The results indicate that phospholipid breakdown is caused by activation of bacterial of bacterial phospholipases and not by serum phospholipases. This conclusion is based upon the following findings.(i1 Although rabbit serum @entity35169 was at least 10 times more active than human serum @entity35169 , phospholipid degradation in the sensitive Serratia strain was comparable during (equally rapid) killing by @entity1 or rabbit serum. (ii) Heat treatment (56 C) of both sera eliminated bactericidal activity as well as microbial lipid degradation but abolished phospholipase activity of human serum only. (iii) Virtually complete removal of @entity35169 activity from human serum by adsorption onto autoclaved @entity7178 had no effect on the extent of phospholipid hydrolysis or on bactericidal activity. Activation by serum of endogenous phospholipase activity in @entity5134 was accompanied by enhanced incorporation of lipid precursors into bacterial lipids. No evidence was found for increased turnover of protein or ribonucleic acid during killing by serum.

title: Effects of XXXX and rabbit serum on viability, permeability, and envelope lipids of @entity5134 .

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus lysodeikticus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) are assumed to be at an increased risk for @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1613 and prophylactic placement of inferior vena cava filters have been advocated by some because of concerns for increased @entity932 in the presence of prophylactic anticoagulation. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity131 would not be at increased risk for the development of @entity1151 compared with the general @entity130 population. METHODS: @entity1 from the National @entity130 Data Bank from the year 2008 were analyzed. @entity1 demographics, Injury Severity Score, and the prevalence of @entity1150 and @entity1151 were extracted. Studied injuries were assigned to six categories: thorax, abdominal solid organs, @entity174 , @entity174 , @entity174 , and @entity131 . RESULTS: Of a total of 627,775 injured @entity1 , 2,182 (0.35%) had a documented @entity1151 . The prevalence of @entity1151 in @entity1 with @entity131 , lower extremity, @entity174 , liver and/or spleen, thorax, spine, @entity1230 , and none of the studied injuries were 0.25%, 0.36%, 0.35%, 0.37%, 0.52%, 0.37%, 1.1%, and 0.12%, respectively. Using an age-, sex- and race-adjusted multivariable logistic regression model and controlling for interaction between inferior vena cava filters and injury types, we found that @entity131 was not associated with @entity1151 . CONCLUSION: Isolated @entity131 does not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of @entity1151 compared with other injuries. @entity1 with @entity131 may not require early aggressive prophylaxis as is the standard for other high-risk groups.

title: Risk of @entity1151 in XXXX @entity1 : Not all created equal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'isolated TBI']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'spine fracture', 'lower extremity fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['Delay in the initiation of chemoprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This work describes the formulation and characterization of @entity1133 -loaded microspheres prepared using various polymers such as @entity22041 cellulose (EC), @entity32275 (CAP) and @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ), along with the utilization of a solvent evaporation technique. The effect of various formulation parameters (i.e. polymer type and concentration, vehicle type, polymer solution/vehicle volume ratio, drug/polymer ratio, homogenizer and stirrer speed, sonication time and speed, type of washing solution, drying and separation method) on the characteristics of microspheres was also evaluated. Results obtained indicated that, in the presence of @entity1133 , highest rate of EC microsphere production could be obtained at a drug/polymer ratio of 1:2 and a polymer solution/vehicle volume ratio of 1:50. In some cases, crystallization of @entity1133 was observed during the encapsulation process using cellulose derivative polymers. CAP microparticles showed a rough and tortuous surface while EC microparticles had a wider range of particle size. However, with the @entity7050 polymer, much better desired microparticles with a smaller size range of 1-3 microm were obtained. In general, @entity7050 microspheres were spherical in shape and possessed smooth surfaces with less pores in comparison with those obtained by the other polymers. The yield of particle production and the extent of @entity1133 encapsulation in @entity7050 particles were measured to be 68.87% +/- 5.3 and 40.5% +/- 3.4, respectively. The release study from @entity7050 microspheres revealed that up to 70% of the drug was released within a few days, through a four-stage release pattern.

title: Preparation and characterization of biodegradable XXXX -loaded microparticles as an approach for transdermal delivery.

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)', 'PLGA']

entities_list: @entity32275 :: ('MESH:C011708', 'Chemical') :: ['cellulose acetate phthalate']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: In a double blind randomized study, branched-chain @entity1522 and placebo (casein) were compared as a treatment for @entity3619 in @entity82 . After a 15-day run-in period with controlled diet (45-65 g protein), the @entity1 were administered, in addition to their diet, branched-chain @entity1522 (0.24 g/kg, 30 @entity1 ) or an equinitrogenous amount of casein (34 @entity1 ). One @entity1 on branched-chain @entity1522 and two on casein were lost to the study. After 3 months, the index of portal-systemic @entity75 significantly improved in @entity1 on active treatment (from 40 [S.D. 14]% to 21 [17]), but was not in subjects receiving casein (from 37 [13]% to 36 [12]). Two or more parameters of the index improved in 24 @entity1 treated with @entity1522 (80%; confidence limits, 61-92%), and only in 12 receiving casein (35%; confidence limits, 20-54%; p less than 0.001). @entity1 who did not improve were given an alternative treatment for 3 more months. Casein-treated @entity1 given branched-chain @entity1522 rapidly improved. The changes in neuropsychologic function were associated with an improvement in semiquantitative @entity1568 balance, which became consistently positive in @entity535 -treated subjects; there was also a mild improvement in nutritional parameters and in liver function tests. The supplementation of oral branched-chain @entity1522 to the diet is superior to casein as a treatment for providing adequate @entity1568 supply and improving the mental state of cirrhotic @entity1 with chronic @entity75 .

title: Long-term oral branched-chain @entity535 treatment in XXXX . A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. The Italian Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: In order to investigate the effects of lead exposure on lipid metabolism, @entity35 were exposed to 200, 300 and 400 ppm lead in their drinking water for 12 weeks. The lead exposure resulted in induction of phospholipidosis in kidney and brain of the animals. While renal phospholipidosis was accompanied with depletion of renal @entity165 , phospholipidosis in the brain was accompanied with enhanced cholesterogenesis and @entity2298 . Lead exposure also resulted in enhanced hepatic cholesterogenesis and this was accompanied with a decrease in @entity412 and phospholipid contents. While lead exposure did not affect erythrocyte phospholipids, there was a 37% increase in erythrocyte @entity165 in animals exposed to the 200 ppm lead dose. In the plasma, lead exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase in free @entity844 concentration. Although phospholipids also decreased in the plasma as a result of lead exposure, the decrease was not dose-dependent. Lead exposure did not affect plasma and HDL @entity165 and @entity412 . A double fold increase in @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was observed in the brain of lead-exposed animals, whereas this ratio decreased in the kidney. Positive associations were observed between tissue @entity165 and phospholipids versus lead accumulation in blood, liver and kidney. In contrast however, negative associations were observed between tissue @entity412 and lead accumulation in liver and kidney. Our results suggest that induction of cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis in tissues may be responsible for the subtle and insidious cellular effects of lead and that these cellular events may mediate the hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and @entity2359 manifestations in @entity8769 .

title: Lead-induced phospholipidosis and cholesterogenesis in XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['lead intoxication']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The pupose of this study is to assess the long-term outcome and @entity137 of fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for 100 @entity5513 treated at a single institution. From 1993 to 2007, 104 @entity1 underwent were treated with radiation therapy for @entity5513 . Forty-eight @entity1 received SRS, with a median prescription dose of 12.5 Gy for SRS (range 9.7-16 Gy). For FSRT, two different fraction schedules were employed: a conventional schedule (ConFSRT) of 1.8 Gy per fraction (Gy/F) for 25 or 28 fractions to a total dose of 45 or 50.4 Gy (n = 19); and a once weekly hypofractionated course (HypoFSRT) consisting of 4 Gy/F for 5 fractions to a total dose of 20 Gy (n = 37). @entity1 treated with FSRT had better baseline hearing, facial, and trigeminal nerve function, and were more likely to have a diagnosis of @entity13755 . The 5-year progression free rate (PFR) was 97.0 after SRS, 90.5% after HypoFSRT, and 100.0% after ConFSRT (p = NS). Univariate analysis demonstrated that @entity13755 and larger @entity5 size (greater than the median) correlated with poorer local control, but prior surgical resection did not. Serviceable hearing was preserved in 60.0% of SRS @entity1 , 63.2% of HypoFSRT @entity1 , and 44.4% of ConFSRT @entity1 (p = 0.6). Similarly, there were no significant differences in 5-year rates of @entity137 , @entity394 , or @entity392 . CONCLUSIONS: Equivalent 5-year PFR and @entity137 rates are shown for @entity1 with @entity394 selected for SRS, HypoFSRT, and ConFSRT after multidisciplinary evaluation. Factors correlating with @entity5 progression included @entity13755 and larger @entity5 size.

title: Single institution experience treating 104 XXXX with fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'trigeminal toxicity facial nerve toxicity']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwanoma', 'vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1822 in uterine @entity2909 is estimated to be between 0.13 to 0.29%. However, the exact incidence of @entity1822 in uteri removed with a preoperative diagnosis of benign uterine @entity2909 has not been previously reported. Between 1983 and 1988, a total of 1432 @entity1 in @entity1 's Hospital, a self-referred indigent population, had a hysterectomy planned because of abnormal uterine @entity548 or @entity490 associated with the presence of uterine @entity2909 , or because of a pelvic mass thought to be uterine @entity2909 of sufficient size or character to warrant surgical exploration. The ages of these @entity1 ranged from 36 to 62 years and the presence of @entity1822 in the hysterectomy specimens increased steadily from the fourth to seventh decades of age (0.2%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 1.7%, respectively). Preoperative histologic examination of the endometrium was performed in eight @entity1 . Three of the eight @entity1 had a preoperative tissue diagnosis of @entity1822 that was clinically confined to the uterus. After the hysterectomy in the 1429 @entity1 with presumed benign disease, histologic diagnosis of @entity1822 was made in seven (0.49%). There was no evidence of @entity5 in the endometrial sampling of any of these seven @entity1 and the diagnosis was suspected intraoperatively in only three. Preoperative uterine size ranged from 8 to 20 weeks' gestational size and postoperative uterine weight ranged from 120 to 1100 gm. Seven of the 10 @entity1 had symptoms of abnormal uterine @entity548 . Between the ages of 40 and 60 years, 1% (8 of 817) of @entity1 with presumed uterine @entity2909 producing symptoms that necessitated hysterectomy in this series had @entity1822 diagnosis postoperatively. Such treatments as @entity4396 agonists, endometrial ablation, myomectomy by hysteroscopy or laparotomy instead of hysterectomy in such @entity1 could delay the diagnosis and definitive treatment of @entity1822 .

title: XXXX in a series of hysterectomies performed for presumed uterine @entity2909 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: 1. When one optic lobe of a @entity2083 is removed and the optic nerve from the contralateral eye is deflected ipsilaterally, the nerve innervates the intact, previously foreign side. When the control eye is left intact, the animal shows normal swimming and coordination of head and eyes. In some cases, however, optokinetic @entity346 evoked through the experimental eye is reversed, indicating a functional ipsilateral projection which was apparently outweighed by the normal projection during swimming. 2. When the same surgical procedure is accompanied by partial or complete destruction of the control eye, the animals show overt reversal of visuomotor behavior soon after the ipsilateral projection is established. They make a spontaneous @entity346 and circle continuously. The @entity346 and the circling persist in total darkness for days before they are extinguished. They resume as soon as the animal returns to light. 3. The vestibuloocular reflex is biased differently from normal, but the sign of the gain is normal. 4. We conclude that the neurological reversal of vision triggered the @entity346 and the circling, and that the many months with reversed vision resulted in some longer lasting change in the nervous system such that the behaviors persisted even in the absence of moment-to-moment visual stimulation.

title: Reversed visuomotor behavior mediated by induced ipsilateral retinal projections in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To design a decision analytic model to help determine the costs associated with various treatment regimens for @entity354 ( @entity354 ). STUDY DESIGN: A decision analytic model incorporating Markov processes was developed to calculate clinical and direct economic outcomes for @entity1 with @entity354 after 2 years of treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: We used retrospective data in the Markov model to generate clinical and economic outcomes. The primary data sources were the 1993 MarketScan claims database, the 1992 National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the clinical literature. RESULTS: @entity1 with mild @entity354 (17.6% of @entity1 ) contributed 37.8% of costs, while those with moderate to severe disease (14.4% of @entity1 ) contributed 49.9% of costs. The remaining 12.3% of costs was spent on the 68% of @entity1 with non- @entity354 diagnoses. The class of drugs with the highest acquisition cost--proton pump inhibitors--had the lowest total cost per case. The high level of efficacy of these drugs may explain this result. Sensitivity testing showed no evidence that our model's results depended heavily on any one probability or cost factor. CONCLUSIONS: This model showed that @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity354 were the most expensive cases to treat and that proton pump inhibitors resulted in the lowest total cost per case. Further testing and manipulation of the model are required to gain a better understanding of the trade-offs involved in different options for @entity354 management.

title: Determining the cost of XXXX : a decision analytic model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: The interaction of @entity367 -plasminogen with group A, C, and G streptococci and subsequent formation of surface-associated plasminogen by @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) were studied. Binding of 125I- @entity367 -plasminogen to streptococci greatly facilitated its activation to 125I- @entity367 - @entity1351 by exogenous @entity3479 , whereas activation in the absence of bacteria took place only slowly. @entity367 - @entity1351 formed on the streptococcal surface was further converted to the Lys form. Similar activation and modification took place also in the presence of plasminogen-depleted plasma, containing functional @entity3479 and @entity1351 inhibitors, indicating that the surface-associated enzymes were protected against these inhibitors. Lys-plasminogen was 10- to 30-fold more potent than @entity367 -plasminogen or @entity367 - @entity1351 in inhibiting the binding of 125I- @entity367 -plasminogen to streptococci. This indicated a higher affinity of the Lys form towards plasminogen-binding molecule(s) on the streptococcal surface. The surface-associated @entity1351 was also enzymically active as judged by digestion of chromogenic substrate @entity31781 . Surface-associated @entity1351 activity was observed only when the incubations were carried out in the presence of @entity3479 and @entity367 -plasminogen or @entity1 plasma as the source of plasminogen. Under these conditions, soluble enzymatic activity was also recovered in the supernatant of group A streptococci. This favors the idea that @entity1351 can be released from the bacterial surface. The findings provide a mechanism for streptococci to adopt proteolytic activity by binding a host-derived enzyme zymogen on their surface, where the subsequent activation then takes place. The results suggest a role for surface-associated @entity1351 activity in tissue tropism and tissue invasiveness of streptococci.

title: XXXX -mediated activation of plasminogen on the surface of group A, C, and G streptococci.

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

answer: @entity3479 :: (5327,Gene) :: ['Tissue-type plasminogen activator']