abstract: Monocyte adherence results in the rapid transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization of numerous mediators of @entity32 and tissue repair. While the enhancer and promoter elements associated with transcriptional activation have been studied, mechanisms linking adhesion, mRNA stabilization, and translation are unknown. GROalpha and @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) mRNAs are highly labile in nonadhered monocytes but stabilize rapidly after adherence. GROalpha and @entity1356 transcripts both contain A+U-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) which have been directly associated with rapid mRNA turnover. To determine if the GROalpha ARE region was recognized by factors associated with mRNA degradation, we carried out mobility gel shift analyses using a series of RNA probes encompassing the entire GROalpha transcript. Stable complexes were formed only with the proximal 3' UTR which contained the ARE region. The two slower-moving complexes were rapidly depleted following monocyte adherence but not direct integrin engagement. Deadherence reactivated the two largest ARE-binding complexes and destabilized @entity1356 transcripts. Antibody supershift studies demonstrated that both of these ARE RNA-binding complexes contained @entity24061 . The formation of these complexes and the accelerated mRNA turnover are phosphorylation-dependent events, as both are induced in adherent monocytes by the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity670 and the @entity1435 MAP kinase inhibitor of @entity1356 translation, SK_F 86002. These results demonstrate that cell adhesion and deadhesion rapidly and reversibly modify both cytokine mRNA stability and the RNA-binding complexes associated with @entity24061 .

title: Adhesion-dependent regulation of an A+U-rich element-binding activity associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity24061 :: (3184,Gene) :: ['AUF1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a noninvasive technique that can be used to support a clinically suspected diagnosis of @entity2543 in @entity1 who have previously undergone penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS: Previously resected corneal buttons of 14 @entity1 who developed signs suggestive of @entity2543 after PK were examined retrospectively using immunohistochemical analysis to determine if occult epithelial cells were in fact present on the posterior surface of the @entity267 . Many of these @entity1 were diagnosed with pseudophakic @entity3279 or graft failure and had undergone multiple intraocular surgical procedures. In all cases, the initial histopathologic evaluation did not disclose the presence of epithelial cells using light microscopy after standard handling and staining techniques. Fourteen age- and diagnosis-matched control specimens were also examined. RESULTS: Thirteen of 14 specimens (92.9%) exhibited positive staining with anti-keratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 markers, indicating that epithelial cells were already present on the endothelial surface at the time of the original PK. None of the control specimens displayed positive staining of the retrocorneal surface. CONCLUSION: Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of corneal specimens can establish the diagnosis of @entity2543 in a noninvasive manner. Early diagnosis may allow for this condition to be treated more successfully if aggressive intervention is undertaken. Alternatively, it may spare the @entity1 from additional (and potentially futile) intraocular surgery. In the clinical setting of suspected @entity2543 , ophthalmic pathologists should re-evaluate PK specimens from @entity1 initially diagnosed with pseudophakic @entity3279 or graft failure.

title: Noninvasive diagnosis of XXXX after penetrating keratoplasty using immunohistochemical analysis of resected corneal buttons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial downgrowth']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity2543 :: (MESH:D017573,Disease) :: ['epithelial downgrowth']


abstract: The effect of preinduction specific growth rate on the yield of recombinant alpha consensus interferon in @entity2624 was investigated. The cells used in the investigation contain a temperature-sensitive, walkaway plasmid bearing an insert that codes for alpha consensus interferon. Transcription of the recombinant gene is controlled by a lambda repressor/pL promoter system. The lambda promoter is regulated by the temperature-sensitive gene cI857 at 30 degrees C, but at 42 degrees C the promoter is derepressed. The cells were grown under @entity413 -limited conditions in a chemostat at pH 7 and 30 degrees C. Once steady state was achieved, the vessel temperature was raised to 42 degrees C and a fed-batch mode was initiated. Six dilution rates ranging from 0.025/h to 0.2/h were investigated. Cell dry weight, alpha consensus interferon content, @entity413 concentration, @entity598 concentration, and plasmid stability were measured. At each dilution rate, the expression level of alpha consensus interferon (g/g of cell dry wt) reached its maximum value approximately 3 h after induction. In addition, the expression level of alpha consensus interferon increases 4-fold as the dilution rate prior to induction is increased from 0.025/h to 0.2/h. Consequently, the expression of recombinant protein produced by @entity526 is dependent on the preinduction specific growth rate.

title: Effect of preinduction specific growth rate on recombinant alpha consensus interferon synthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to many types of cells causes a rapid decrease in high affinity binding of @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ), a process which has been termed transmodulation. Treatment with the @entity5 promoter, @entity864 ( @entity865 ) also results in the transmodulation of the @entity6354 receptor in many cell types. PDGF can transmodulate @entity6354 binding through a mechanism that is not dependent on protein kinase C activity. A recent report (Wattenberg, E. V., McNeil, P. L., Fujiki, H., and Rosner, M. R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 213-219) described the requirement for a @entity1372 ion influx in the down-modulation of the @entity6354 receptor stimulated by a non- @entity865 -type @entity5 promoter, palytoxin, in @entity19 cells. We tested for a similar @entity1372 requirement in Balb/c/3T3 and @entity19 cells stimulated by PDGF or @entity865 in Balb cells treated with @entity865 for prolonged periods to down-regulate protein kinase C activity. Our results clearly show that the PDGF- and @entity865 -stimulated transmodulation of the @entity6354 receptor does not require external @entity1372 nor is the process affected by @entity6478 . In each of these experiments, the loss of 125I- @entity6354 binding occurred to a similar extent and at a similar rate in the presence or absence of @entity1372 . Intracellular pH also did not appear to have a role in the response. The @entity1372 ionophore, @entity6193 , was previously shown to bring about the down-modulation of 125I- @entity6354 binding in Swiss cells. However, our results indicate that @entity6193 -induced transmodulation of the @entity6354 receptor occurs with or without external @entity1372 , suggesting that the loss of binding is not the result of a @entity1372 ion influx. These findings demonstrate that an increase in intracellular @entity1372 does not cause nor is it required for PDGF- or @entity865 -stimulated @entity6354 receptor transmodulation.

title: Transmodulation of epidermal growth factor binding by platelet-derived growth factor and @entity864 is not XXXX -dependent in Balb/c/3T3 cells.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3330 are @entity158 and @entity158 invariably worsens on any movement. Anesthesia for @entity174 femur surgery is usually provided by spinal block. This study was undertaken to compare the analgesic effects of femoral @entity616 (FNB) using nerve stimulator with 0.2% @entity1342 (15 ml) and intravenous (I.V.) @entity3575 before @entity1 positioning for @entity174 femur surgery under spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative study was conducted on 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II @entity1 (18-60 years) scheduled for femur surgery under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. @entity1 in Group I (n = 30), were administered FNB using nerve stimulator with 0.2% @entity1342 (15 ml) and in Group II @entity1 (n = 30), I.V. @entity3575 0.5  g/kg was given as preemptive analgesia. Parameters observed included time to spinal anesthesia, intra-operative and postoperative @entity227 ( @entity227 ) for any @entity158 and postoperative epidural top-ups dosages. RESULTS: Demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. @entity227 at 2 min in Group I was 5.63 and in Group II it was 8.00. Satisfaction score was better in Group I as compared to Group II @entity1 . Time to administer subarachnoid block was 17.80 min in @entity1 of Group I as compared to 25.03 min in Group II @entity1 . Postoperatively, @entity227 scores were lower in Group I than Group II @entity1 . The frequency of epidural top-ups was higher in Group II than in Group I @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: FNB is comparatively better in comparison to I.V. @entity3575 when used as preemptive and postoperative analgesic in @entity1 being operated for @entity174 femur.

title: Intravenous analgesia with opioids versus femoral XXXX with 0.2% @entity1342 as preemptive analgesic for @entity174 femur: A randomized comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['extremely painful', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: OBJECT: The relentless natural progression of @entity1653 mandates their treatment. The management of these @entity5 , however, is challenging. Among the issues debated are goals of treatment, outcomes, and quality of life, appropriate extent of surgical removal, the role of skull base approaches, and the efficacy of combined decompressive surgery and radiosurgery. The authors report on the outcome in a series of @entity1 treated with the goal of total removal. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 64 cases of @entity1653 operated on by the senior author (O.A.) from 1988 to 2012, strictly defined as those originating medial to the fifth cranial nerve on the upper two-thirds of the clivus. The @entity1 ' average age was 49 years; the average @entity5 size (maximum diameter) was 35.48    10.09 mm (with 59 @entity5 > 20 mm), and cavernous sinus extension was present in 39 @entity1 . The mean duration of follow-up was 71.57 months (range 4-276 months). RESULTS: In 42 @entity1 , the operative reports allowed the grading of resection. Grade I resection ( @entity5 , dura, and bone) was achieved in 17 @entity1 (40.4%); there was no recurrence in this group (p = 0.0045). Grade II ( @entity5 , dura) was achieved in 15 @entity1 (36%). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of recurrence with respect to resection grade (Grades I and II vs other grades, p = 0.0052). In all @entity1 , @entity5 removal was classified based on postoperative contrast-enhanced MRI, and gross-total resection (GTR) was considered to be achieved if there was no enhancement present; on this basis, GTR was achieved in 41 (64%) of 64 @entity1 , with a significantly lower recurrence rate in these @entity1 than in the group with residual enhancement (p = 0.00348). One @entity1 died from @entity1151 after discharge. The mean Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score was 85.31 preoperatively (median 90) and improved on follow-up to 88, with 30 @entity1 (47%) having an improved KPS score on follow-up. Three @entity1 suffered a permanent deficit that significantly affected their KPS. @entity5173 occurred in 8 @entity1 (12.5%), with 2 of them requiring exploration. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity1 had @entity129 on presentation; of the 54 @entity1 with more than 2 months of follow-up, 21 (32.8%) had persisting @entity129 . The overall odds of permanent @entity129 of treated @entity1653 was 6.2%. There was no difference with respect to immediate postoperative @entity129 in @entity1 who had GTR compared with those who had subtotal resection. CONCLUSIONS: Total removal (Grade I or II resection) of @entity1653 is achievable in 76.4% of cases and is facilitated by the use of skull base approaches, with good outcome and functional status. In cases in which circumstances prevent total @entity41 can be followed until progression is evident, at which point further intervention can be planned.

title: True XXXX : results of surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['removal, residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningiomas', 'petroclival meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: Microelectrode array (MEA) approaches have been proposed as a tool for detecting functional changes in electrically excitable cells, including neurons, exposed to drugs, chemicals or particles. However, conventional single well-MEA systems lack the throughput necessary for screening large numbers of uncharacterized compounds. Recently, multi-well MEA (mwMEA) formats have become available to address the need for increased throughput. The current experiments examined the effects of a training set of 30 chemicals on spontaneous activity in networks of cortical neurons grown on mwMEA plates. Each plate contained 12 wells with 64 microelectrodes/well, for a total of 768 channels. Of the 30 chemicals evaluated, 23 were known to alter neuronal function in vivo ("positives"), including 6 GABAergic and 3 glutamatergic antagonists/agonists, 4 @entity312 , 3 metals, 2 cholinesterase inhibitors, 2 nicotinic @entity934 receptor agonists, @entity1092 , @entity1855 , and @entity905 . Seven compounds expected to have no effect on neuronal function were tested as "negatives" ( @entity4252 , @entity1443 , @entity3785 , @entity6453 , @entity8021 , @entity37157 and @entity115 ). Following collection of 33 min of baseline activity, chemical effects (50  M or highest soluble concentration) were recorded for 33 min. Twenty of the positives altered the mean network spike rate by more than the 14% threshold (two standard deviations from the mean for @entity3733 control). The three positives without effect were @entity9687 , @entity1239 and @entity5051 . None of the negative compounds caused a change in activity beyond the threshold. Based on these results, the mwMEA assay has both high sensitivity (87% identification of positive compounds) and specificity (100% identification of negative compounds). These experiments demonstrate the capacity of mwMEAs to screen compounds for @entity2359 effects mediated by a broad variety of mechanisms.

title: Evaluation of multi-well microelectrode arrays for XXXX screening using a chemical training set.

entities_list: @entity4252 :: ('CHEBI:27744', 'Chemical') :: ['glyphosate']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity37157 :: ('CHEBI:17924', 'Chemical') :: ['d-sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity9687 :: ('MESH:C099952', 'Chemical') :: ['bifenthrin']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicenter observational study. OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) and lifestyle-related diseases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Impaired blood flow as a result of @entity4288 facilitates degenerative changes in the spine. However, associations between @entity2649 and lifestyle-related diseases ( @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity2299 ) remain unclear. METHODS: @entity1 comprised 526 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2649 using the clinical diagnostic support tool and magnetic resonance imaging at 64 facilities. Data on 1218 males and 1636 females in the general population were selected from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey as control data. We investigated the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases ( @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity2299 ) and levels of hemoglobin A1c, total @entity165 , and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 . @entity2649 and control groups were divided into 4 subgroups by age (nonelderly, <70 yr old; elderly, >=  70 yr) and sex. Statistical analyses were performed to compare @entity1 with @entity2649 and the control group using the    test or Fisher exact text. Values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among nonelderly @entity1 , proportions of @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity6 were higher in @entity1 with @entity2649 than in controls (P < 0.01 each). The proportion of @entity1 with hemoglobin A1c was 6.1% or greater and higher for female @entity1 with @entity2649 than for female controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity2299 was apparent between the @entity2649 and control groups. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for age and sex, this study revealed a close association between @entity6 and @entity101 in 50- to 69-year-old @entity1 with @entity2649 . Physicians should consider the possibility of concomitant @entity101 or @entity6 when examining 50- to 69-year-old @entity1 with @entity2649 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and lifestyle-related disorders: a cross-sectional multicenter observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the sequential and long-term @entity1 outcome after nonoperative treatment of a displaced intra-articular calcaneal @entity174 , and to determine if initial results remain stable or deteriorate in the second decade after the injury. DESIGN: Retrospective case series with sequential follow-up at 2 time points a decade apart. SETTING: University teaching hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At the first follow-up in 1990, hind feet were assessed with a computerized tomographic (CT) scan, radiographs, and with a 100 point score, the @entity9066 ( @entity9066 ). At the second follow-up in 2000, the @entity9066 was repeated and the @entity1 completed the visual analog scale and the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: In 1990, 15 of 24 hind feet had good or excellent results on the @entity9066 . Sixteen of 19 @entity1 returned to their preinjury level of employment. Subtalar @entity4040 on the CT scan correlated with lower average scores [64 points vs. 82 points (P < 0.035)]. Ten years later in 2000, the average @entity9066 had decreased from 74 points to 64 points (P < 0.03); however, in @entity1 with no or minimal @entity4040 detected on the 1990 CT scan, the scores remained stable with an average of 82 points, in 1990, and an average of 81 points in 2000 (P < 0.61). SUMMARY: These results suggest that after nonoperative treatment of closed displaced intra-articular @entity174 , clinical results correlate with the presence of subtalar @entity4040 on CT scans [except for those with grade V (spontaneous fusion)]. @entity1 with @entity4040 grades III and IV have @entity158 and deterioration in function in the second decade after injury compared with those with minimal @entity4040 (grades I or II) or those who spontaneously fused their subtalar joint. @entity1 without @entity4040 have good outcomes that remained stable over greater than 2 decades of follow-up.

title: Intra-articular calcaneal XXXX treated nonoperatively and followed sequentially for 2 decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'calcaneus fractures']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['ICS', 'Iowa calcaneal score']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: 1. Plasma @entity916 activity, response to @entity11605 and exchangeable @entity1372 have been measured in 43 @entity1 with early @entity8 . 2. Blood pressure was directly proportional to plasma @entity916 activity. However, mean plasma @entity916 activity was lower in @entity1 with @entity8 than in normal controls. 3. Blood pressure fell in response to @entity11605 infusion in proportion to the pre-infusion plasma @entity916 activity. 4. Exchangeable @entity1372 in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity8 did not exceed that in normotensive @entity1 in contrast to earlier reports. Discrepancies may arise from the difficulty in interpreting measured exchangeable @entity1372 in relation to body build.

title: @entity1372 and @entity916 in the XXXX of early @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The experience with MVAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy in advanced @entity5 is reviewed with emphasis on @entity137 and efficacy. METHODS: We report on 28 @entity1 with advanced, progressive @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder (27) or ureter (1), treated with MVAC. RESULTS: The average number of cycles was 4.5. @entity1210 was the most frequent and severe side effect (18% WHO grade I, 46% GII, 19% GII and 4% @entity24396 ). Other side effects were acceptable and could be treated successfully. One @entity1 (complete responder) died of a toxic cause ( @entity295 ), a second @entity1 (partial responder) died of an intestinal bleeding (not drug- or @entity5 -related). Complete response was seen in 10 @entity1 (36%), partial response and stable disease in 4 @entity1 each (14%), progression in 8 @entity1 (29%), and 2 @entity1 were not evaluable for response. However, relapses were frequent (8 of 12 remaining responders, 66%). Median survival of the whole group was 9 months (0-52), without a significant difference for responders and nonresponders (p = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results are comparable to data from the literature with regard to efficacy and @entity137 , although detailed @entity137 data are unfortunately not always available.

title: @entity137 and results of MVAC ( XXXX , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['Leucopenia']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: 1. At concentrations lower than 10(-5) M, @entity3365 did not affect the contractile force in @entity235 Purkinje fibers, but at 2 x 10(-5) M, decreased it significantly. 2. X-537A (10(-6) M) slightly increased the contractile force. The increase was not modified by 10(-7) M @entity7690 . 3. At 20 min after application both ionophores (2 x 10(-5) M) affected little or no changes in the action potential configurations, except for a marked shortening of the action potential duration. A delayed afterdepolarization and an aftercontraction occurred. 4. The electrophysiological effects were potentiated with an increase in extracellular @entity141 and further by @entity3044 (1-3 x 10(-7) M). 5. A post-rest potentiation was depressed in the presence of these @entity141 ionophores. 6. When the stimulation frequency was stepped up from 120 to 180 beats/min, the negative staircase of the contractile force was reversed to positive one in the presence of @entity3365 , high @entity141 and @entity3044 . 7. These results indicate that in @entity235 Purkinje fibers, X-537A produces cellular @entity141 overload, but @entity3365 alone does not cause it. Mechanical and electrophysiological effects induced by these ionophores are potentiated by addition of high @entity141 and @entity3044 .

title: Comparative mechanical and electrical actions of XXXX and X-537A in @entity235 Purkinje fibers.

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity3365 :: (MESH:D000001,Chemical) :: ['A23187']


abstract: Prior to a campaign to eliminate blinding @entity11738 , a survey of the prevalence of the disease was conducted in the seven administrative regions of Mali between March 1996 and June 1997. In each region (with the exception of Bamako District) a random sample of thirty clusters was taken from the general population, in accordance with the principle of probability proportionate to the size of the communities. All @entity1 under 10 years of age and all @entity1 over 14 years were examined. The simplified coding proposed by WHO was used for data gathering. A total of 15,310 @entity1 and 11,530 @entity1 were examined. The prevalence of active @entity11738 , follicular (TF) or intense (TI), was estimated to be 34.9% among @entity1 under 10 years of age (95% CI: 32.3-37.6). The prevalence of TI showing the intensity of @entity11738 was 4.2% (95% CI: 3.5-5.0) among the same @entity1 . The prevalence increased up to the age of 3 years, when it reached 49.2%. The prevalence of TF/TI was 35.7% among @entity1 and 34.3% among @entity1 . The prevalence of entropion @entity5055 among @entity1 over 14 years of age was 2.5% (95% CI: 2.1-2.9), and 1% had central @entity5575 (95% CI: 0.8-1.3). These prevalences increased with age, such that 10% of @entity1 over 70 years of age had @entity5055 . By region of the country, the prevalence ranged from 23.1% of active @entity11738 among @entity1 in S  gou, to 46.2% in Gao. The prevalence of entropion @entity5055 was 0.65% in Gao region and 3.9% in Koulikoro region. This survey allows the @entity11738 treatment needs of Mali to be quantified. We estimate that 1.09 million @entity1 under 10 years are carriers of active @entity11738 and require local or general antibiotic treatment. If all the under-10-year-olds from all villages where TF/TI exceeded 20% were to be treated, a total of 2.436 million @entity1 would be involved. A total of 85,000 adults should have surgery to correct @entity5055 and avoid the onset of @entity1939 .

title: [Cartography of XXXX in Mali: results of a national survey].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare differences in dosimetric, clinical and quality-of-life end points among @entity1 treated with @entity499 ( @entity499 ) and segmental multileaf collimator (SMLC)-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity189 . METHODS: From June 2005 to August 2009, 30 consecutive @entity1 were treated with IMRT for @entity189 to a dose of 70 Gy. 14 @entity1 (47%) were treated using @entity499 and 16 (53%) were treated using SMLC-based IMRT. 28 @entity1 (93%) received concurrent chemotherapy. The @entity1 were evenly balanced between the two radiotherapy groups with respect to clinical and pathological characteristics. Median follow-up was 30 months (range, 6-62 months). RESULTS: The 2-year estimates of overall survival, local-regional control and progression-free survival were 81%, 87% and 82%, respectively. There were no significant differences in any of these end points with respect to IMRT technique (p>0.05 for all). Dosimetric analysis revealed that @entity1 treated by @entity499 had significantly improved salivary sparing with respect to mean dose (27.3 vs 34.1 Gy, p=0.03) and volume receiving greater than or equal to 30 Gy (31.7% vs 47.3%, p=0.01) to the contralateral (spared) parotid gland. The incidence of Grade 3+ late @entity2133 was 13 and 7% among @entity1 treated with SMLC-based IMRT and @entity499 , respectively (p=0.62). The corresponding proportion of @entity1 who subjectively reported "too little" or "no" saliva at final follow-up was 38% and 7%, respectively (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The superior dosimetric outcome observed with @entity499 appeared to translate into moderately improved clinical outcomes with respect to salivary sparing. Prospective trials are needed to validate this gain in the therapeutic ratio.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity189 : improvement of the therapeutic ratio with XXXX vs segmental multileaf collimator-based techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity499 :: (MESH:C536217,Disease) :: ['helical tomotherapy']


abstract: There are good grounds to expect that @entity2727 (MP) should enhance cognitive function. However, experimental evidence on this point is scant. The present study therefore examined the effects of MP on learning the association between a conditioned stimulus (CS, in this case, noise) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS, in this case, footshock) in an aversive variant of a trace conditioning procedure. Learning was measured off-the-baseline as conditioned suppression of drinking (both latencies to drink, expressed as suppression ratios, and the amount drunk, expressed as the number of licks, in the presence of the CS). In addition to the measures of discrete cue conditioning, MP effects on contextual conditioning were measured as suppression to apparatus cues and an experimental background stimulus. MP was administered at 1 or 5 mg/kg prior to conditioning sessions. As @entity71 ( @entity71 ) has been characterized as involving a ;wide attentional window' (e.g. Shalev and Tsal, 2003), it was predicted that MP, as the treatment of choice for @entity71 , should increase selectivity (narrowing the attentional window). This outcome would show as reduced levels of conditioning (compared to control @entity35 ) to less informative trace and contextual cues present during conditioning. Contrary to prediction, both 1 and 5 mg/kg MP increased learning about all the available stimuli, including the less informative trace CS and the background stimulus. These findings are consistent with reduced rather than increased selectivity in learning (because of increased rather than decreased conditioning to weak cues) under MP.

title: XXXX can reduce selectivity in associative learning in an aversive trace conditioning task.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence on local control after fractionated radiotherapy of @entity519 measured in unirradiated @entity5 using the hypoxic marker @entity12184 , using multivariate approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five @entity1 @entity957 lines (FaDu, UT-SCC-15, UT-SCC-14, XF354, and UT-SCC-5) were transplanted subcutaneously into the right hind-leg of NMRI @entity19 . Histological material was collected from 60 unirradiated @entity5 after injection of @entity12184 . The relative @entity5 area ( @entity12184 hypoxic fraction, pHF) was determined in seven serial 10 microm cross-sections per @entity5 by fluorescence microscopy and computerized image analysis. @entity5 control was evaluated in a total of 399 irradiated @entity5 at 120 days after 30 fractions given within 6 weeks with total doses between 30 and 115 Gy. RESULTS: Tumour lines showed pronounced heterogeneity in both pHF and TCD50. Mean pHF values varied between 5% and 37%, TCD50 values between 47 and 130 Gy. A Cox Proportional Hazards model of time to recurrence with two covariates, dose and pHF, yielded significant contributions of both parameters on local control (p < 0.005) but violated the proportional hazards assumption, suggesting that other factors also influence @entity5 control. Introduction of histological grade as an example of a confounding factor into the model improved the fit significantly. Local control rates decreased with increasing pHF and this effect was more pronounced at higher doses. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that @entity5 measured using @entity12184 in untreated @entity5 is a significant determinant of local control after fractionated irradiation. The data support the use of multivariate approaches for the evaluation of a single prognostic biomarker such as @entity12184 , and more generally, suggest that they are required to establish accurate prognostic factors for @entity5 response.

title: XXXX labelling and response to fractionated irradiation of five @entity1 @entity957 (hSCC) lines in @entity19 : the need for a multivariate approach in biomarker studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumour', 'tumour hypoxia', 'tumours', 'hypoxic area within the viable tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12184 :: ('MESH:C033815', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimonidazole']

answer: @entity12184 :: (MESH:C033815,Chemical) :: ['Pimonidazole']


abstract: In an effort to determine the patterns of failure and survival of @entity694 , a retrospective review of 294 @entity1 who underwent potentially curative surgery at the New England Deaconess Hospital (NEDH) was performed. For the entire group, the 5-year crude survival rate was 68% and the actuarial rate was 80%. Survival decreased with increasing bowel wall penetration by @entity5 and the presence of lymph node @entity3 . Although survival varied with the @entity5 site, none of the differences was statistically significant. Other variables, including the grade of @entity420 , size, and the type of surgery had a significant impact on survival. Patterns of failure, expressed as the actuarial incidence of first diagnosed failure at 5 years, were examined by stage and site. There was a trend toward increased failure with increasing bowel wall penetration by @entity5 and the presence of lymph node @entity3 . Abdominal failure, either as the only site or as a component of failure, was the most common type of failure. When compared by site, @entity1 with @entity189 had a significantly lower incidence of local and distant failure than @entity1 with disease in other selected sites. No differences in patterns of failure were seen in @entity1 with @entity189 in the mobile sections of the colon compared with those who had disease arising in the nonmobile sections of the colon. These data may be useful in identifying those @entity1 who might benefit most from adjuvant therapy.

title: Potentially curative surgery of XXXX : patterns of failure and survival.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'cecal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity189 , which is an unusual variant of @entity1358 . The @entity1 , a 56-year-old @entity1 , was admitted to our hospital for detailed examination of a renal mass on the left side. He had no clinical symptoms such as gross @entity811 or @entity812 . Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity5 4 cm in diameter at the lower pole of the left kidney. Selective renal angiography showed an avascular @entity66 . We performed left transperitoneal radical nephrectomy with a preoperative diagnosis of left @entity703 , T2N0M0. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity189 of papillary tubular type. Lectin histochemistry demonstrated positive staining with soyabean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. These findings supported our conclusion that the @entity5 might have originated from the Bellini duct epithelium. The @entity1 currently remains disease-free. The pathogenesis and management of this rare condition are discussed.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Bellini duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Bellini duct carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity27061 gene encodes an essential @entity4357 ( @entity4357 ) transfer protein required for formation of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles in @entity375 . Suppressor mutations that rescue temperature-sensitive @entity27061 mutants provide an approach for determining the role of @entity27061 in secretion. One suppressor, @entity38560 -22, causes accumulation of @entity1076 . @entity38560 encodes a phosphatase that can hydrolyze @entity1076 and certain other @entity4357 . These findings suggest that @entity1076 is limiting in @entity27061 cells and that elevation of @entity1076 production can suppress the secretory defect. Correspondingly, we found that @entity1076 levels were decreased significantly in @entity27061 -3 mutants shifted to 37 degrees C and that @entity27061 -3 cells could grow at an otherwise nonpermissive temperature (34 degrees C) when carrying a plasmid overexpressing @entity38561 , encoding one of two essential PtdIns 4-kinases. This effect is specific because overexpression of the other PtdIns 4-kinase gene ( @entity38562 ) or a PtdIns 3-kinase gene ( @entity38563 ) did not rescue @entity27061 -3 cells. To further address @entity38561 function in secretion, two different @entity38561 (ts) mutants were examined. Upon shift to restrictive temperature (37 degrees C), the @entity1076 levels dropped by about 60% in both @entity38561 (ts) strains within 1 h. During the same period, cells displayed a reduction (40-50%) in release of a secreted enzyme (invertase). However, similar treatment did not effect maturation of a vacuolar enzyme (carboxypeptidase Y). These findings indicate that, first, @entity1076 limitation is a major contributing factor to the secretory defect in @entity27061 cells; second, @entity27061 function is coupled to the action of @entity38561 , and; third, @entity1076 has an important role in the Golgi-to-plasma membrane stage of secretion.

title: Direct involvement of @entity1076 in secretion in the @entity375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides', 'phosphatidylinositol', 'PtdIns']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The cause of airway resistance that develops during an @entity565 attack is not fully understood. Besides @entity5143 and @entity4 , a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increase in airway resistance. This study sought to determine if surface activity of airway fluid is altered in acute @entity748 attacks. Sputa were collected serially from seven @entity1 with acute @entity748 attacks and compared with that of normal subjects (n = 15) and subjects with stable @entity565 (n = 14). Sputa were analyzed for minimal surface tension (STmin), phospholipids (PL), and total proteins (TP). There were no significant differences in STmin, PL, and TP between sputa from normal subjects and subjects with stable @entity565 . In the acute phase of the attack, TP, TP/PL ratio, and STmin significantly increased. However, in the recovery phase of the attack, TP/PL ratio and STmin significantly decreased. These data demonstrated that surface properties of airway fluid deteriorated in the early phase of the @entity565 attack, but were ameliorated in the recovery phase possibly by the surfactant recruitment. The drastic changes in surface activity of sputum suggest that changes in airway surfactant may be partly involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity1224 during @entity748 .

title: Surface activity of sputum from acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatic attack']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['airway edema']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular and systemic effects and @entity1337 during the postoperative period of epidural anesthesia performed with @entity1341 alone or with @entity3575 or @entity681 in bitches maintained at a light plane of anesthesia with continuous infusion of @entity1875 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized masked clinical trial. ANIMALS: 30 female @entity235 of various breeds. PROCEDURES: @entity235 were allocated into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received @entity3575 (2 microg/kg [0.91 microg/lb]) and @entity1341 (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]), 1 group received @entity681 (1 microg/kg) and @entity1341 (1 mg/kg), and 1 group received @entity1341 (1 mg/kg). All @entity235 received @entity11988 (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) and continuous infusion of @entity1875 for sedation. The agents were administered into the lumbosacral space and diluted in saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution to a total volume of 0.36 mL/kg (0.164 mL/lb). Cardiac and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, pH, and blood gases were evaluated. @entity1337 , sedation level, serum @entity701 concentrations, and plasma @entity2922 concentrations were measured regularly for 6 hours. RESULTS: No important changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, or sedation variables were observed. Degree of @entity1337 in the postoperative period was higher in the @entity681 group, although use of @entity3575 and @entity1341 also resulted in a sufficient level of @entity1337 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the 3 anesthetic techniques permitted ovariohysterectomy with sufficient @entity1337 and acceptable neuroendocrine modulation of @entity158 with minimal adverse effects.

title: Epidural anesthesia with @entity1341 , XXXX and @entity3575 , or @entity1341 and @entity681 during intravenous administration of @entity1875 for ovariohysterectomy in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: It was hypothesized that subjects with medical symptoms would show more signs of stress in projective drawings. A Stress Load Index, including five signs of stress in drawings, was evaluated. A questionnaire with an instruction to draw "a @entity1 in the rain" was sent to a cohort of 195 subjects, and the drawings were analysed blindly for eight stress items. @entity1 had a higher index than @entity1 (p < .05) and drew clouds more often (p < .05). Drawing of clouds was associated with @entity10 (adjOR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.75; 11.68). Drawing of puddles was associated with ocular symptoms (adjOR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.38, 7.50), facial dermal symptoms (adjOR= 2.94; 95% CI 1.28, 6.81), and tiredness (adjOR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.05, 5.67). Drawing of long rain @entity64 was associated with nasal symptoms (adjOR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.05, 2.06) and @entity10 (adjOR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.28, 8.05). Age and stress load were predictors of @entity19609 symptoms (p < .05). In conclusion, a nonverbal projective drawing test detected sex differences which represent directions opposite to those with verbal methods. These need empirical assessment.

title: Projective drawings for assessing stress among subjects with medical symptoms compatible with XXXX , and validation of a modified version of the Stress Load Index from the Drawing Personality Profile: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'person']

entities_list: @entity19609 :: ('MESH:D018877', 'Disease') :: ['sick building syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

answer: @entity19609 :: (MESH:D018877,Disease) :: ['sick building syndrome']


abstract: Although " @entity14495 " has traditionally been considered a single entity as reflected in the original term " @entity14495 ( @entity2969 )" and later by the term "malignant @entity82 , @entity7468 and mitotic activity varies in this group, suggesting biologic heterogeneity. The clinicopathologic features of 31 @entity5 meeting the traditional criteria of @entity2969 but having only mild to moderate nuclear atypia are presented. @entity1 with these @entity5 (19 females; 12 males) ranged in age from 14 to 84 years (mean, 40 years) and presented with masses of involving either superficial (n = 16) or deep (n = 13) soft tissue. Most occurred on the arm or hand (n = 16) and ranged in size from 0.7 to 6.5 cm (mean, 2.1 cm). The @entity5 consisted of sheets and nodules of rounded mononuclear cells that blended with spindled cells and benign osteoclastic giant cells. @entity7468 were absent. Osteoid was noted in 10 cases, but features typically associated with @entity2967 (such as dense stromal hyaline, siderophages, and @entity4741 cells) were nearly always absent. Mitotic figures ranged from 1-10/10 HPF (mean, 2-3/10 high-powered field), and angiolymphatic invasion was present in 10 cases. @entity39 was absent, however. The mononuclear cells expressed @entity469 , @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase, and smooth muscle actin, but lacked @entity1195 , @entity4483 protein, @entity2283 , and lysozyme, an immunophenotypic profile identical to that of @entity2968 . Follow-up information in 19 @entity1 (mean, 3 yrs; median, 1-7 yrs) indicated recurrences in four @entity1 , but none developed @entity3 . This behavior contrasts significantly with the high-grade behavior traditionally associated with @entity2969 of soft parts. These @entity2967 can be consistently recognized by the lack of cytologic atypia even in the face of mitotic activity and vascular invasion. Although their long term metastatic risk is not fully defined, we propose they be termed " @entity2967 of low malignant potential" and regarded as the soft tissue analogue of @entity2968 . The term " @entity14495 " or giant cell malignant @entity82 should be restricted to histologically high-grade lesions.

title: Soft tissue giant cell @entity5 of low malignant potential: a proposal for the reclassification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell type" the degree of atypia', 'Pleomorphic giant cells']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'tenosynovial giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of soft parts', 'malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14495 :: (MESH:D018227,Disease) :: ['malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To study whether the magnitude of the time factor is different for continuously fractionated irradiation and for fractionation protocols including gaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity1 head and neck @entity957 ( @entity957 ), FaDu and GL, were transplanted subcutaneously into the right hindleg of NMRI (nu/nu) @entity19 and irradiated with 30 fractions under ambient conditions within 2, 6 and 10 weeks. Irradiations within 6 and 10 weeks were given either as a continuous course or with a mid-course gap of 3 weeks. The end-point of the experiments was @entity5 control at day 120 (FaDu) or day 180 (GL) after the end of treatment. RESULTS: In @entity5 , two experimental cohorts (A, B) yielded significantly different results and were analyzed separately. In cohort A, the @entity5 control dose 50% (TCD50) increased from 37 to 89 Gy when the treatment time of continuous fractionated irradiation was extended from 2 to 10 weeks. The recovered dose/day (D(r)) was 0.98 Gy (95% confidence interval, 0.72; 1.27). In cohort B, the TCD50 increased from 35 to 63 Gy, and the D(r) was 0.51 Gy (0.24; 0.75). In @entity5 , the TCD50 for continuously fractionated irradiation increased from 41 to 48 Gy. This increase was not significant, and the D(r) was 0.15 Gy (0; 0.30). None of the TCD50 and D(r) values obtained in both @entity5 models for continuous irradiation vs. irradiation with a gap were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Prolongation of the overall treatment time of fractionated irradiation resulted in a pronounced decrease of local control in @entity1 FaDu SCC and little decrease of local control in @entity1 GL SCC. No evidence was found that the magnitude of the time factor in these @entity5 is different for continuous fractionation or fractionation protocols including gaps.

title: No evidence for a different magnitude of the time factor for continuously fractionated irradiation and protocols including gaps in two @entity1 XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FaDu tumors', 'tumor', 'GL tumors', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity900 is currently used as a front line agent in many important @entity5 , but its dose-limiting nephrotoxicity prevents potential efficacy. There is therefore great interest in developing new @entity902 agents that have less @entity137 . We have synthesized new @entity902 analogues containing @entity23291 as a carrier ligand and @entity43715 as a leaving group. Previously we showed that these new @entity902 complexes have much less nephrotoxicity than @entity900 . In the present study, the efficacy of one new @entity902 complex was evaluated with @entity1 @entity1 @entity150 specimens in three-dimensional histoculture as well as with monolayer cultures of @entity5 cell lines. The efficacy end points used were @entity413 consumption and @entity1014 incorporation on the histocultured specimens and @entity98 reduction on monolayer cell cultures. Our results showed that the new @entity902 complex was more effective at high concentration (10(-3) M) but less effective at low concentration (10(-4) M) compared to @entity900 on histocultured @entity150 specimens. The compound demonstrated higher efficacy than @entity900 on @entity19 , and L-1210 leukemic cell lines. The new analog demonstrated similar efficacy to @entity900 on the @entity1 @entity1 @entity5 cell line. The PC-14 @entity1 @entity2 cell line, MH1C1 @entity35 @entity157 cell line, NIH-OV3, SKOV-3 @entity43 cell lines were as sensitive to the new analog as to @entity900 at high concentrations of the new @entity902 analogue. The @entity900 -resistant M-14 @entity320 cell line was not sensitive to either the new analog or @entity900 . Based on these results, this novel @entity902 compound appears to be a valuable lead compound with high efficacy and low nephrotoxicity.

title: Efficacy of the @entity902 analog [Pt(cis-dach)(DPPE)-2NO3] on histocultured XXXX @entity1 @entity150 and @entity5 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatinum', 'cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Utilizing the stathmokinetic principle of timed @entity1891 and @entity1732 , we combined these two agents with @entity1138 . The dose schedule included @entity1891 0.5 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) geginning on day 1 and repeated twice weekly for 12 weeks; each injection was followed in 6-12 hours by @entity1732 6 mg/m2 for 12 weeks. @entity1138 was administered as a 20 mg/m2 bolus beginning on day 2 and repeated at 6-week intervals. Thirty @entity1 were entered into this study, 27 were fully available for response. Thirteen @entity1 (48%) met criteria of response (greater than 50% reduction in volume of measurable @entity5 ). Significant myelosuppression resulted from this therapy. Median @entity1431 nadir was 3.8 X 10(3) cells/mm3 and median @entity882 nadir was 116 X 10(3) cells/mm3. Additional toxic reactions included @entity417 , lassitude, @entity448 , @entity221 , and @entity1910 . Despite significant, but manageable, @entity137 , this combination appears to represent an improvement in the chemotherapy of a traditionaly refractory solid @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1138 , XXXX , and @entity1732 in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropath fever']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: A panel of @entity14 has been examined immunohistologically with mAb specific for allodeterminants of @entity1529 or @entity1530 , and with mAb reactive with @entity1529 ,B,C framework determinants or @entity2262 . Out of 85 @entity189 , 5 cases were completely negative for all class I Ag in the @entity5 cell population. Fifteen cases exhibited a differential expression of @entity1529 and @entity1530 products in all @entity5 cells or in a subset. Such @entity5 cells showed strong staining with monomorphic HLA antibodies but failed to stain with certain allospecific mAb. Negativity of @entity5 cells was scored only when normal stromal cells within the @entity5 mass were clearly labeled, indicating expression of the particular allodeterminant(s) in the given tissue. Four @entity189 showed a selective loss of HLA-A2 or a non-A2 @entity1529 allospecificity in all @entity5 cells or a major subset, whereas @entity1530 Ag were expressed. Seven cases showed a selective loss of the HLA-Bw6 superspecificity in the @entity5 cell population; HLA-Bw4 and @entity1529 Ag were present. Three cases exhibited a combined loss of HLA-A2 and HLA-Bw6 Ag, with non-A2 @entity1529 and HLA-Bw4 Ag being expressed. A further case was HLA-Bw6/Bw4 negative in a major @entity5 cell subset and @entity1529 negative in the complementary minor subset. The results show that a considerable proportion of @entity14 is heterogeneous with regard to @entity1529 and @entity1530 expression. The reasons for the appearance of @entity5 subsets with complete loss of class I Ag or selective loss of only @entity1529 or @entity1530 Ag are not clear, but it is conceivable that some of them arose because they have escaped immunoselection.

title: Selective loss of @entity1529 or XXXX antigen expression in colon carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic high-dose @entity619 therapy for sudden @entity1274 in comparison to the previous treatment regimen at our clinic with systemic @entity229 100 mg daily for 7 days analyzed in a previous study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of an electronic @entity1 data base of 79 @entity1 with @entity1274 . The standard treatment was orally applied @entity619 (1st to 3rd day: 40 mg daily, 4th to 6th day: 10 mg daily) in an ambulant setting. The primary endpoint was change in hearing threshold from the initial audiogram to an audiogram at least 4 weeks later. Factors that were analyzed included @entity1 's age, interval between onset of symptoms and start of treatment, presence or absence of @entity1296 and @entity392 , the audiogram pattern, severity of @entity393 and hearing in the opposite ear. Hearing gain was expressed either as absolute or relative @entity393 . Functionally relevant recovery of hearing was defined as the final pure-tone average (PTA) of 30 dB or less (or the same as the PTA of the opposite ear    10 dB). Furthermore, we calculated the percentage of @entity1 with complete, partial and no recovery as defined in the recently published Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. We then compared our results with the previous treatment regimen carried out at our clinic. RESULTS: The average initial @entity865 @entity393 in the affected ear compared to baseline PTA of the unaffected ear was 51.5    20.9 dB (mean    SD). The mean absolute @entity393 was 44.4    18.1 dB. The mean relative @entity393 was 86    19%. Of the total, 87% had functionally relevant recovery of hearing. All of our @entity1 showed partial (24%) or complete recovery (76%). No difference in recovery rate could be detected between @entity1 with start of therapy within 24 h and @entity1 with beginning of therapy within 7 days. We found a correlation between the severity of @entity393 and functionally relevant recovery. A mild @entity393 was noted in 34% of @entity1 , with an average relative @entity393 of 89% and a functionally relevant recovery in 96% of them; the 9% of @entity1 with @entity2319 showed a mean relative @entity393 of 69% and a functionally relevant recovery in 43%. The audiogram pattern with low- or high-frequency @entity393 showed the best recovery rate; the poorest recovery rate was found in @entity1 with @entity2319 . CONCLUSION: Application of high-dose orally applied @entity619 seems to improve the recovery outcomes in comparison to @entity229 100 mg p.o. for 7 days.

title: Effectiveness of systemic high-dose @entity619 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['initial deafness']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity6459 (CD105) is a receptor for the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) with crucial role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Additionally, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) overexpression has been associated with advanced stage and poor survival for several @entity5 types. These molecules have been shown to be useful markers for identifying proliferating endothelium involved in @entity5 angiogenesis, especially in @entity1 with @entity5 at risk of developing @entity3 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity7 and @entity6459 expression in an experimental model of @entity14 , as well as to investigate the effect of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors on @entity5 development incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity694 was induced with @entity20132 ( @entity18399 ). @entity12698 and @entity3522 treatment was started simultaneously with @entity18399 induction. @entity6459 protein expression was performed using western blot analysis. @entity7 plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In histopathological evaluations, no pathological change was observed in control @entity35 , while @entity420 (62.5%), @entity1141 (31.25%) and @entity32 (6.25%) were detected in the group given @entity18399 . In treatment groups, a marked decrease was observed in @entity420 rate. Expression of @entity6459 protein was significantly elevated in the @entity18399 group compared to controls (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was noted between treatment groups and @entity18399 group regarding @entity6459 expression but a decrease was detected in the @entity12698 -treated groups. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed by histopathology and western blotting that @entity3840 inhibitors, particularly @entity12698 , decrease the rate of disease and slow-down progression of existing @entity14 . These data show that @entity6459 expression may have an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis and predict of @entity5 invasion.

title: Expression of @entity6459 and @entity7 as Prognostic Markers in Experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib', 'celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGFb1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity20132 :: ('CHEBI:73759', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) has been suggested as a key mediator between @entity32 and @entity731 , and the @entity2936 - @entity11603 interaction has a role in @entity731 progression. We evaluated if platelet released serum sCD40L and sCD40 levels differ between @entity1 with early onset occlusive @entity2998 and age-matched controls. METHODS: sCD40L and sCD40 levels were measured in serum samples of 60 @entity1 with occlusive @entity2998 and 30 age-matched controls using ELISA. @entity543 (ICA), and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in the common carotid artery were measured by high resolution ultrasound. Values are given as mean +/- SD. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.9 +/- 3.5 and 50.1 +/- 3.5 years in the @entity1 and control groups. @entity121 was significantly thicker in @entity1 than in controls (0.89 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.78 +/-0.12 mm, p=0.0003). Serum levels of sCD40L were significantly higher (6.9 +/- 5 vs. 4.5 +/- 3.0 ng/mL, p=0.038) in @entity1 , whereas sCD40 did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls (85 +/- 56.9 vs. 79.3 +/- 18.7 pg/mL, p=0.34). @entity121 did not correlate with sCD40L or sCD40 levels (R=-0.03, p=0.77; and R=0.109, p=0.308, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: sCD40L but not sCD40 levels are significantly higher in @entity1 with occlusive @entity2998 . Platelet derived sCD40L may be a key mediator among @entity32 , @entity715 and @entity731 .

title: Serum levels of platelet released @entity2936 ligand are increased in early onset occlusive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['Degree of stenosis of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the curative effect of the reserving soft palate and part uvula UPPP and traditional UPPP in @entity27 @entity1 . METHOD: Eighty-five @entity27 @entity1 were selected and were performed two groups :improved UPPP (44 cases) and traditional UPPP (41 cases). The follow-up was carried out in 6 months and 1 year after operation, and the curative effects were compared. RESULT: The improved UPPP had been performed on forty-four @entity1 and the traditional UPPP on forty-one @entity1 . The total effective rate in improved UPPP group was 56.82% (25/44), in UPPP group was 58.54% (24/41)6 months later, there was no statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The total rate of the @entity260 in improved group was 36.36% (16/44), in traditional UPPP group was 68.29% (28/41) 6 months later, there was a statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The total effective rate in improved UPPP group was 47.73% (21/44), in traditional UPPP group was 46.34% (19/41) 1 year later, there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The total rate of the @entity260 in improved UPPP group was 27.27% (12/44), in traditional UPPP group was 73.17% (30/41)1 year later, there was a statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It may get identical curative effect to use improved UPPP and traditional UPPP for those oropharynx obstruction @entity27 @entity1 . But improved UPPP may efficiently reduce the rate of the @entity260 .

title: [Contrast the curative effect of the improved UPPP and traditional UPPP in treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['OSAHS']


abstract: This was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study which included female @entity0 @entity1 , receiving their first of 6 scheduled courses of chemotherapy ( @entity786 greater than or equal to 500 mg/m2). @entity1 received an intravenous dose of 16 mg @entity619 with either 8 mg @entity3974 or 60 mg @entity1769 before chemotherapy, followed by oral dosing with 8 mg @entity3974 or 20 mg @entity1769 3 times daily for 5 days. A total of 93 @entity1 were treated with @entity3974 and 94 @entity1 with @entity1769 . On day 1 of their first course of treatment 91 and 60% of @entity1 in the @entity3974 and @entity1769 groups respectively were free of emesis (p less than 0.001). Over the 5-day treatment period, the corresponding figures were 81 and 48% (p less than 0.001). The results for @entity390 also revealed highly statistically significant treatment differences (p less than 0.001) in favour of @entity3974 for both day 1 and day 1-5 analyses of the first treatment course. Over the series of courses, 67% of @entity1 receiving @entity3974 completed all 6 courses with a maximum of 2 emetic episodes on their worst day, compared with 28% of @entity1 receiving @entity1769 (p less than 0.001). A similar analysis for @entity390 revealed that 49% of @entity1 receiving @entity3974 completed all 6 courses with 'none' or 'mild' @entity390 compared with 27% of @entity1 receiving @entity1769 (p less than 0.001). These differences were reflected in quality of life data (Rotterdam Symptom Checklist). After the first course of treatment, a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.002) in the psychological subscale scores was observed after @entity3974 compared with @entity1769 . No differences were observed in the physical or functional activity subscales after the first course. However, the quality of life results over the series of courses revealed a more pronounced difference in favour of @entity3974 in the psychological subscale scores (p less than 0.001) as well as trends in favour of @entity3974 in the physical (p = 0.096) and functional activity (p = 0.056) subscales. @entity21 were reported in 19% of @entity1 in the @entity1769 group and resulted in 15% of @entity1 withdrawing from their randomised anti-emetic schedule, either during or between treatment courses. Other adverse events were generally minor in nature and did not necessitate withdrawal from treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity3974 is significantly superior to @entity1769 (each with a single pre-treatment dose of @entity619 ) in the control of emesis over 6 courses of chemotherapy for @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity3974 compared with XXXX in the control of emesis and quality of life during repeated chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal symptoms']

answer: @entity1769 :: (MESH:D008787,Chemical) :: ['metoclopramide']


abstract: Chinese translation BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is frequently used to treat @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) despite limited scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture in @entity1 with @entity2023 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled multicenter trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00610584) SETTING: 46 specialized physicians in 6 hospital clinics and 32 private outpatient clinics. @entity1 : 422 @entity1 with @entity2023 and IgE sensitization to birch and grass pollen. INTERVENTION: Acupuncture plus rescue medication (RM) ( @entity14746 ) (n = 212), sham acupuncture plus RM (n = 102), or RM alone (n = 108). Twelve treatments were provided over 8 weeks in the first year. MEASUREMENTS: Changes in the @entity2490 Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) overall score and the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) from baseline to weeks 7 and 8 and week 16 in the first year and week 8 in the second year after randomization, with predefined noninferiority margins of -0.5 point (RQLQ) and -1.5 points ( @entity910 ). RESULTS: Compared with sham acupuncture and with RM, acupuncture was associated with improvement in RQLQ score (sham vs. acupuncture mean difference, 0.5 point [97.5% CI, 0.2 to 0.8 point; P < 0.001]; RM vs. acupuncture mean difference, 0.7 point [97.5% CI, 0.4 to 1.0 point; P < 0.001]) and @entity910 (sham vs. acupuncture mean difference, 1.1 points [97.5% CI, 0.4 to 1.9 points; P < 0.001]; RM vs. acupuncture mean difference, 1.5 points [97.5% CI, 0.8 to 2.2 points; P < 0.001]). There were no differences after 16 weeks in the first year. After the 8-week follow-up phase in the second year, small improvements favoring real acupuncture over the sham procedure were noted (RQLQ mean difference, 0.3 point [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.6 point; P = 0.032]; @entity910 mean difference, 1.0 point [95% CI, 0.2 to 1.9 points; P = 0.018]). LIMITATION: The study was not powered to detect rare adverse events, and the RQLQ and @entity910 values were low at baseline. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture led to statistically significant improvements in disease-specific quality of life and @entity16206 use measures after 8 weeks of treatment compared with sham acupuncture and with RM alone, but the improvements may not be clinically significant.

title: Acupuncture in XXXX with @entity2023 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['SAR', 'seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinically, there is a group of @entity1 with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in whom the underlying cause is not apparent. The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure is not elevated. For such cases, the designation of @entity120 may be made clinically. From the clinical categorization of @entity120 , three distinct pathologic entities emerge, namely 1) @entity358 , 2) recurrent @entity1151 , and 3) @entity5885 . The plexogenic type is characterized initially by pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction with medial @entity1184 . Secondary proliferative intimal lesions, including the @entity75 , develop. Recurrent @entity1151 is characterized by the presence of arterial thrombi of varying ages involving the microscopic-sized pulmonary arteries. Thrombi may be embolic in nature or may develop in situ. @entity5885 is characterized by obstructive lesions of pulmonary veins and venules. The clinical presentation of the three pathologic types may be so similar that definitive diagnosis depends upon histologic examination of the lung from tissue obtained either by biopsy or at necropsy.

title: Clinical XXXX : three pathologic types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform lesion']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity5885 :: ('MESH:D011668', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease', 'pulmonary veno-occlusive disease']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity68 is a critical cofactor for many enzymes and is known to regulate gene expression in many bacterial pathogens. @entity328 normally inhabits the upper respiratory mucosa but can also invade and replicate in lungs and blood. These anatomic sites vary considerably in both the quantity and form of available @entity68 . The genome of serotype 4 pneumococcal strain TIGR4 encodes a putative @entity68 -dependent transcriptional regulator (IDTR). A mutant deleted at idtr (/\idtr) exhibited growth kinetics similar to parent strain TIGR4 in vitro and in @entity19 blood for up to 48 hours following @entity281 . However, /\idtr was significantly attenuated in a @entity19 model of @entity295 . IDTR down-regulates the expression of ten characterized and putative virulence genes in nasopharyngeal colonization and @entity55 . The host cytokine response was significantly suppressed in @entity295 with /\idtr. Since an exaggerated inflammatory response is associated with a poor prognosis in @entity295 , the decreased inflammatory response could explain the increased survival with /\idtr. Our results suggest that IDTR, which is dispensable for pneumococcal growth in vitro, is associated with regulation of pneumococcal virulence in specific host environments. Additionally, IDTR ultimately modulates the host cytokine response and systemic @entity32 that contributes to morbidity and mortality of invasive @entity66 .

title: Role of an @entity68 -dependent transcriptional regulator in the pathogenesis and host response to @entity281 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity42430 (P, 10(-4)-10(-3) M), @entity3522 (D, 10(-5)-10(-4) M) and @entity7734 (E, 10(-5)-10(-4) M), proposed as inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis, on the contractions of @entity35 uterus induced by several agonists have been studied. 2. P, D and E inhibit the motility induced by @entity398 (4 mU/ml) (IC50: 4.62 x 10(-4), 2.55 x 10(-4) and 2.98 x 10(-5) M, respectively). 3. P (10(-3) M), D (10(-4) M) and E (10(-4) M) also inhibit the contraction induced by @entity2710 (10(-5) M), @entity22667 (10(-6) M) and @entity3282 (6 mM), and relaxed, in a dose-dependent way, the tonic component of contraction to KCl (60 mM) (IC50: 5.81 x 10(-4), 6.67 x 10(-5) and 7.55 x 10(-5) M, respectively). 4. The @entity3282 (0.1-10 mM) reverted the relaxation of @entity4338 contraction produced by P, but not by D or E. None of the inhibitions on @entity3282 (6 mM) are reverted by @entity9898 . 5. D and E also relaxed the tonic contraction to @entity8870 (10(-4) M) in uterus incubated in @entity460 free solution P, enhances the @entity8870 -induced contractions.

title: Mechanisms involved in the effects of @entity42430 , @entity3522 and XXXX in @entity35 uterus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7734 :: ('MESH:D004976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethacrynic acid']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity42430 :: ('MESH:C015429', 'Chemical') :: ['phenidone']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

answer: @entity7734 :: (MESH:D004976,Chemical) :: ['ethacrynic acid']


abstract: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in @entity579 causes poor grain quality and results in significant reductions in yield, leading to significant economic losses. In contrast, deep dormancy can lead to equally unwanted non-uniform germination. Therefore, a suitable level of dormancy is a critically important agronomic trait. In this study, an analysis of PHS in developing seeds of two Korean @entity579 cultivars (vivipary), Gopum and Samgwang, revealed differences in dormancy in caryopses at 25 d after heading (DAH). To assess the transcriptomic characteristics associated with vivipary, we compared RNA profiles at early (3-6 DAH), middle (25 DAH), and late (40 DAH) developmental stages. Transcriptomic differentiation was most pronounced in caryopses at 25 DAH, the developmental stage at which differential dormancy was also the most prominent. A k-means clustering analysis of the two cultivars revealed groups of genes with similar or dissimilar expression profiles. Many of the genes that showed distinct differential expression profiles were those involved in seed maturation. Intriguingly, differential gene expression levels between the two cultivars were positively correlated with fold-changes in their expression during the early half of caryopsis development. This implies that the establishment of seed dormancy is strongly correlated with the altered transcriptomic patterns related to the progression of maturation. Our global RNA profiling suggests that caryopsis development in Gopum proceeds at a greater speed than in the Samgwang cultivar. Thus, a high degree of @entity2175 and early dormancy release may be present in 25 DAH caryopses of Gopum, although we cannot exclude the possibility of @entity74 modifying dormancy. The comparative transcriptomic analysis of the two cultivars did not reveal noticeable differences in RNA profiles with respect to differences in @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) content or @entity2272 sensitivity. Therefore, it is unlikely that @entity2272 is directly involved in the differences in dormancy observed between the two cultivars.

title: Comparative transcriptome profiling of developing caryopses from two XXXX cultivars with differential dormancy.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: @entity1286 has been reported to suppress @entity1 immune response. We aimed to observe the effects of @entity1286 , @entity3575 and @entity1340 on @entity2451 and @entity1199 from both laboratory and clinical perspective. Jurkat cells were incubated with ten times clinically relevant concentrations of @entity1286 , @entity3575 and @entity1340 before being stimulated with @entity4515 . @entity2451 binding activity and @entity1199 levels were measured. In the clinical study, 150 consenting @entity1 were randomized into 3 groups according to the analgesics used in them, namely, group @entity1286 (M), group @entity3575 (F) and group @entity1340 (T). @entity1199 was measured preoperatively and 1, 3 and 24 h after operation. Consequently, @entity2451 activation was suppressed by @entity1286 and @entity3575 but not by @entity1340 . @entity1199 was significantly decreased by @entity1286 and @entity3575 but not by @entity1340 in vitro. In the @entity5546 @entity1 , @entity1199 was decreased in group M and increased in group F postoperatively. Whereas in group T, @entity1199 was unchanged 1 h after operation but was significantly elevated 3 and 24 h after operation. Our results showed that the inhibition of @entity1286 on @entity1199 was most probably related to its suppression on @entity2451 . @entity3575 had different effects on @entity1 immune response in vitro and in vivo. @entity1340 may have immune enhancing effect.

title: Effects of @entity1286 , @entity3575 and @entity1340 on XXXX immune response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection is employed in @entity1 with resectable @entity1149 . Despite complete resection, recurrence is sometimes observed. Oncogenic mutations promote initiation and progression of @entity2 , and mutation status predicts treatment outcome of advanced @entity1149 ; however, their impact on the recurrence patterns remains poorly understood. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 401 @entity1 showing recurrence after complete resection of @entity1149 . Clinicopathological factors were reviewed for time to recurrence, and recurrence patterns were compared according to oncogenic status and examined according to @entity470 mutational subtype. RESULTS: Among 401 @entity1 , 185 with @entity470 mutation, 46 with @entity984 mutation, 15 with @entity7041 rearrangement and 155 with triple-negative mutation were identified. Multivariate analysis following univariate analyses showed that younger age, well-moderately-differentiated histology, earlier pathologic stage and presence of @entity470 or @entity7041 mutation were favorable prognostic factors for time to recurrence. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 53.3% of @entity7041 -positive @entity1 , being significantly common in these @entity1 than in @entity470 - and @entity984 -positive @entity1 . @entity470 -positive @entity1 mostly experienced @entity456 , the incidence of which was significantly higher in triple-negative mutation @entity1 . Adrenal recurrence was observed in 7.2% of triple-negative mutation @entity1 , but it was rarely identified in @entity470 -positive @entity1 . Among @entity470 -positive @entity1 , the incidence of brain metastases was significantly higher in @entity9512 cohort than in Del Ex19 cohort. CONCLUSIONS: In resected @entity1149 , younger age, well-moderately-differentiated histology, earlier pathologic stage and presence of @entity470 or @entity7041 mutation were favorable factors for TTR, and distinct recurrence patterns were revealed according to oncogenic mutation status and mutational @entity470 subtype. Our results may provide suggestions for developing a strategy for follow-up and adjuvant therapies after resection.

title: Impact of the oncogenic status on the mode of recurrence in resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural recurrence']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To establish the diagnostic accuracy and adequacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) within a regional @entity5 network, and to determine what service improvements may be required to allow successful implementation of an FNAC-based, 'one-stop' head and neck clinic, as proposed by the current National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Sussex @entity5 network serves a population of 1,200,000 and contains five hospitals within three acute trusts. In 2004, an audit was undertaken retrospectively to examine the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of head and neck FNAC across the network. Comparisons were then made with the results of subsequent relevant surgery. For the purposes of the audit, FNAC was subdivided into three main groups: salivary gland, thyroid gland and neck node. As part of the data analysis, we also noted the clinical source of the FNAC and whether it was performed blind or under image guidance. RESULTS: In 2004, 712 FNAC procedures were undertaken in 647 @entity1 , 276 of whom underwent subsequent surgery. Fine needle aspiration cytology was non-diagnostic in 52 per cent of @entity1 in the neck node group, in 50 per cent in the salivary gland group and in 30 per cent in the thyroid group. With these non-diagnostic results removed, statistical analysis was performed on data from those @entity1 who had undergone both FNAC and subsequent surgery. This gave a sensitivity of 89 per cent and a specificity of 57 per cent in the neck node group, a sensitivity of 64 per cent and specificity of 100 per cent in the salivary gland group, and a sensitivity of 62 per cent and specificity of 86 per cent in the thyroid group. Diagnostic problems with FNAC were noted, particularly in the differentiation of reactive nodal hyperplasia from @entity706 and in diagnosing follicular thyroid lesions. Ultrasound guidance was used in 50 per cent of the thyroid FNAC procedures but in only a minority of @entity1 in the neck node and salivary gland groups. CONCLUSION: This audit demonstrated widespread diagnostic difficulties associated with head and neck FNAC in a large @entity1 sample. It is likely that these problems will be mirrored in other @entity5 networks. In order for one-stop head and neck clinics to succeed, the non-diagnostic rate of FNAC in particular must be minimised. There are strategies to enable this, depending on local resources, including increased access to cytologists or cytology technicians, diagnostic ultrasound, image guidance for FNAC and the use of ultrasound-guided core biopsy.

title: Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in neck lump assessment: results from a regional XXXX network over a one year period.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/ @entity19409 gene fusion (Xp11.2 @entity1358 ) is a rare subtype of @entity1358 which is firstly described as a distinct entity in 2004 so that clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 @entity1358 in different gender and age are unknown. The purpose of systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive assessment on them. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies which evaluate the clinical characteristics of Xp11.2 @entity1358 . The literature published between July 2004 and May 2014 was searched. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies with 147 @entity1 were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that number of @entity1 of all age in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 3.93(95  % CI   =   1.66-9.34). However, incidence of distant metastases (OR   =   0.34, 95  % CI   =   0.12-1.57) and lymphatic metastases (OR   =   0.51, 95  % CI   =   0.14-1.91), @entity5 stage (OR   =   0.85, 95  % CI   =   0.34-2.15) and overall survival (OS) (OR   =   0.46, 95  % CI   =   0.05-4.34) between male and female were comparable. Incidence in female was higher than in male with pooled OR of 5.13(95  % CI   =   1.67-15.72) in adults, while in @entity1 no gender-related predominance (OR   =   1.19, 95  % CI   =   0.38-3.72) was observed. In addition, incidence of distant metastases (OR   =   1.00, 95  % CI   =   0.13-7.84) and lymphatic metastases (OR   =   1.00, 95  % CI   =   0.07-13.67) and @entity5 stage (OR   =   1.94, 95  % CI   =   0.20-19.03) between @entity1 and adults were comparable. Survival curves presented comparable outcomes between male and female (P   =   0.707) as well as between @entity1 and adults (P   =   0.383). CONCLUSIONS: Female @entity1 with Xp11.2 @entity1358 in adults exhibit a high incidence compared to male, but not in @entity1 . Comparable clinical characteristics including incidence of distant and lymphatic metastases, @entity5 stage and prognosis is presented between male and female as well as between @entity1 and adults.

title: Clinical characteristics of XP11.2 translocation/ @entity19409 gene fusion XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']