abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the usefulness of @entity1543 -enhanced magnifying endoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity356 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; median age 61.6 years) with @entity356 or @entity652 were enrolled in a prospective trial of enhanced magnifying endoscopy after instillation of 1.5% @entity1543 . @entity1543 -enhanced magnified views of @entity189 or @entity652 and the surrounding non-neoplastic mucosa were observed, and the duration of whitening time of each lesion was recorded. OBSERVATIONS: Magnified views of @entity189 showed a minute, grain-like pattern that differed from the surrounding noncancerous mucosa. The histopathologic diagnostic criteria were based on the Vienna classification of @entity5 . The mean duration of whitening differed with each histologic type: low-grade @entity652 , 94 seconds; high-grade @entity652 , 24.3 seconds; noninvasive @entity189 , 20.1 seconds; invasive @entity189 , 3.5 seconds; and @entity189 or beyond, 2.5 seconds. The duration in the non-neoplastic surrounding mucosa was 90 seconds. After the disappearance of whitening in the @entity189 , the irregular pattern of the @entity189 reappeared, and the contrast between carcinomatous microvessels and the whitened non-neoplastic tissue became very clear on magnifying endoscopy. In accordance with the duration of whitening, more than 1 minute was termed "continuous whitening," from 31 to 60 seconds was "delayed disappearance of whitening," from 30 to 6 seconds was "early disappearance of whitening," and 0 to 5 seconds was "no response." CONCLUSIONS: @entity1543 -enhanced magnifying endoscopy was useful for the diagnosis of @entity356 . The duration of whitening differed among grades of @entity5 , and it was possible to observe changes in the whitening with time. @entity1543 -enhanced magnifying endoscopy, therefore, can be termed "dynamic chemical magnifying endoscopy."

title: The study of dynamic chemical magnifying endoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetic acid', 'acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI epithelial neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma', 'submucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasia', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest beneficial effects of exercise in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, knowledge on the effects of physical activity on the immune system is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess potential relationships between @entity410 , cognitive function, and immune parameters in physically active and inactive @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We identified 83 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting disease, an unrestricted walking range, and stable interferon-b treatment from our data base. Based on the subjective report of physical activity, the lower/inactive (n = 21) and upper/active quartiles (n = 21) of @entity1 were selected. We assessed the frequency of T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes and regulatory T cell populations by flow cytometry, measured @entity2252 and @entity560 serum levels by ELISA, and conducted spiroergometry and transcranial sonography. RESULTS: Physical activity and @entity410 were not associated with @entity2252 , frequency of T regulatory cells or any other immune cell subpopulation. However, we found a positive correlation of @entity560 serum levels with @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Overall, we found no negative effect of physical activity on the immune system. The association between @entity560 and @entity410 most likely reflects longer hours of sunlight exposure in active @entity1 , suggesting a desirable 'side- effect' of physical activity.

title: Physical activity in @entity15 : a comparative study of XXXX , @entity2252 and regulatory T cell populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: Antithrombotic therapy reduces the risk of recurrent @entity63 events in @entity1 with @entity1459 . The primary aim of the ESSENCE trial is to evaluate the efficacy of enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) versus unfractionated heparin, plus @entity117 , in @entity1 with @entity1459 or non-Q-wave @entity1188 . This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 3180 @entity1 comparing enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg sc bid, with unfractionated heparin via continuous iv infusion to maintain the aPTT at 2 x control. @entity1 within 24 hours of the onset of acute @entity741 without ST elevation are eligible, and trial therapy is administered for a minimum of 48 hours to a maximum of 8 days. Primary endpoints analyzed are death, @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or recurrent angina at 14 days. Currently 3019 @entity1 have been randomized in 10 countries. The mean age is 64 years, 33% are female, and 46% have had a prior @entity583 . The overall event rates at 14 days are 1.7% mortality, 5.9% subsequent @entity583 , and 17% recurrent angina. The composite triple endpoint rate @entity4318 .6%. Recruitment should be complete by June 1996. The methods and design of the study are presented in this article.

title: The Essence Trial: Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Unstable Angina and Non-Q-Wave XXXX : A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study Comparing Enoxaparin and Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin: Methods and Design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina', 'rest angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['MI']


abstract: PURPOSE: Serum supplementation has shown to have beneficial effects on in vitro @entity291 embryo development. However, it is often assumed that serum supplementation may produce @entity2383 and this damage would generate lipid accumulation, a major obstacle for cryopreservation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the previous assumptions in early embryonic stages. METHODS: We considered in vitro produced @entity291 embryos from day 1 to 4 of development, which were grown in presence of serum from days 1, 2 or 3 or in absence of it. Electron transmission micrographs allowed us to quantify the area occupied by lipid droplets and by the different mitochondrial types to evaluate serum effect. Using confocal microscopy we analyzed mitochondrial activity and location. RESULTS: We found no evidence of lipid droplets accumulation or @entity2383 or reduction of mitochondrial area in serum supplemented media. Further, our results suggest that events of mitochondrial proliferation are taking place even in serum supplemented media. CONCLUSIONS: Serum does not produce lipid accumulation or @entity2383 in @entity291 embryos from 2 to 16 cells. When serum was added to embryo culture medium on day 3 of development, there were ultrastructural signs of a beneficial effect for embryo development. The lack of serum until day 3 may also avoid the unnecessary exposure to potentially inhibitory factors present on it.

title: Does serum cause lipid-droplet accumulation in XXXX embryos produced in vitro, during developmental days 1 to 4?

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial degeneration', 'mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Symptom distress is an important but poorly characterized aspect of quality of life in @entity791 @entity1 . To assess and characterize the symptoms and symptom distress associated with @entity791 , 504 ambulatory @entity1 with @entity791 were evaluated between December, 1992 and December, 1995. The assessment included measures of symptom distress, physical and psychosocial functioning, and demographic and disease-related factors. @entity1 described symptoms during the previous week using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form (MSAS-SF), a validated measure of physical and psychological symptom distress. The mean age was 38.6 years (range 18-69); 56% were male. African-Americans comprised 40% of the sample, Caucasians 35%, and Hispanics 23%. Ninety-three percent had @entity404 + T-cell counts below 500, and 66% had counts below 200; 69% were classified in CDC category C (history of @entity791 -defining conditions). Fifty-two percent reported intravenous drug use. Karnofsky performance status was > or = 70 in 80% of the @entity1 . No @entity1 were taking protease inhibitors. The mean (+/- SD) number of symptoms was 16.7 +/- 7.3. The most prevalent symptoms were worrying (86%), @entity1295 (85%), sadness (82%), and @entity158 (76%). @entity1 with Karnofsky performance scores < 70 had more symptoms and higher symptom distress scores than @entity1 with scores > or = 70 (21.2 +/- 6.5 vs. 15.6 +/- 7.1 symptoms/ @entity1 ; 2.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.8 on the Global Distress Index [GDI] of the MSAS-SF; P < 0.0001 for both). @entity1 who reported intravenous drug use as an @entity645 transmission factor reported more symptoms and higher overall and physical symptom distress than those who reported homosexual or heterosexual contact as their transmission factor (17.8 +/- 7.5 vs. 15.4 +/- 6.9 symptoms/ @entity1 , P = 0.0002; 1.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.8 on the MSAS-GDI, P = 0.002). Both the number of symptoms and symptom distress were highly associated with @entity458 and poorer quality of life; for example, r = -0.69 (P < 0.0001) between GDI scores and scores on a validated measure of quality of life. Neither gender nor @entity404 + T-cell count was associated with symptom number or distress. Responses from this self-referred sample of @entity791 outpatients indicate that @entity791 @entity1 experience many distressing physical and psychological symptoms and a high level of distress. Both the number of symptoms and the distress associated with them are associated with a variety of disease-related factors and disturbances in other aspects of quality of life. Symptom assessment provides information that may be valuable in evaluating @entity791 treatment regimens and defining strategies to improve quality of life.

title: Symptom prevalence, characteristics, and distress in XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the long-term outcome of initial Ta grade 1 transitional cell @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 @entity1 with initial Ta grade 1 @entity150 were followed for a mean of 76 months (range 6 to 241). Recurrence was defined as positive findings on cystoscopy or biopsy. Progression was defined as an increase in @entity5 grade or stage. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence in 83 of 152 @entity1 (55%) was noted within 12 months of followup in 38 @entity1 (46%), between 12 and 24 in 11 (13%), and between 24 and 60 in 22 (27%). A significant number of recurrences (12, 14%) were diagnosed more than 60 months after the first @entity5 . Of 83 @entity1 with recurrence 31 (37%) had progression, including 21 to grade 2 and 2 to grade 3 disease. @entity189 in situ was diagnosed in 3 @entity1 and 5 had muscle invasive disease. Progression occurred more than 24 months after initial diagnosis in 20 @entity1 and more than 60 months after first @entity5 event (2 had @entity189 in situ and 2 had muscle invasive disease) in 12. CONCLUSIONS: Ta grade 1 @entity150 have a high recurrence rate and progression is not uncommon. These findings warrant close long-term followup, even when in some settings the trend is to discontinue followup after 5 years without any abnormal findings.

title: Long-term followup of initial Ta grade 1 transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder transitional cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a critical canal dimension in @entity1 with @entity612 that predicts response to epidural steroid injections (ESI). METHODS: @entity2649 @entity1 with a computed tomography scan before ESI were identified through ICD-9/CPT codes. Using a digital caliper, canal dimensions on axial cuts of each lumbar intervertebral level were recorded: the transverse canal diameter in line with the facets including the soft tissues, TC; the transverse osseous canal diameter, OS; and the mid-sagittal anteroposterior diameter, @entity15 . Minimum and maximum measurements were determined. @entity1 who improved after ESI and those that required a decompression after ESI were differentiated. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were included in the study. Fifty required surgical decompression after ESI and 34 @entity1 improved after ESI. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographics between the 2 groups. Mean minimum dimensions in the surgical group were 9.47 mm (TC), 16.53 mm (OS), and 12.40 mm ( @entity15 ); and 9.75 mm (TC), 16.65 mm (OS), and 12.39 mm ( @entity15 ) in the nonsurgical group. Mean ratio between the maximum and minimum dimensions in the surgical group was 1.76 (TC), 1.35 (OS), and 1.57 ( @entity15 ); and 1.86 (TC), 1.47 (OS), and 1.63 ( @entity15 ) in the nonsurgical group. There was no statistically significant difference in the minimum measurement in any dimension between the surgical and the nonsurgical group. There was also no statistically significant difference in the ratio between the minimum and maximum measurement in any dimension between the surgical and the nonsurgical group. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal canal dimension is not predictive of success or failure of ESI in @entity1 with @entity612 .

title: Correlation of spinal canal dimensions to efficacy of epidural steroid injection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the mean costs and outcomes associated with modifiable risk factors in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and to determine equivalent changes to these risk factors in terms of financial costs and health outcomes. METHODS: The Cardiff Stochastic Simulation Cost-Utility Model (DiabForecaster), which evolved from the Eastman model, was used to follow a cohort of 10 000 @entity1 over 20 years. RESULTS: Costs were affected most significantly by changes in the total @entity165 to HDL @entity165 (Total-C:HDL-C) ratio and in HbA(1c). Unit increases in Total-C:HDL-C increased discounted costs by pound 200 per @entity1 ; for ratios > 8 units, unit increases led to cost increases of pound 300 per @entity1 . Unit increases in HbA(1c) increased per @entity1 discounted costs from pound 200 (5-6%) up to pound 2900 (10-11%). Similar patterns were observed for QALYs. Estimates of equivalence showed that a 1% reduction in HbA(1c) was equivalent to an 0.4 increment in QALYs, which was equivalent to a reduction of 44 mmHg in @entity13519 , 18.2 mg/dL in HDL, 100 mg/dL in total @entity165 or 1.8 units of Total-C:HDL-C ratio. A 1% reduction in HbA(1c) was also equivalent to pound 108 less cost, which was equivalent to a 13.0 mmHg decrease in @entity13519 or a 0.57 unit decrease in the Total-C:HDL-C ratio. CONCLUSIONS: This model provides reliable utility estimates for @entity6 complications and may eliminate uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analyses of treatment. These data also provide a novel way of comparing the value of treatments that have multiple effects.

title: Evaluation of the costs and outcomes from changes in risk factors in XXXX 2 @entity6 using the Cardiff stochastic simulation cost-utility model (DiabForecaster).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity354 is not well understood and remains controversial. Distal gastrectomy serves as a model to assess the role of duodenal reflux with low gastric acidity in the development of @entity354 . We investigated the relationship between the severity of @entity2910 and @entity10189 , with particular focus on trypsin and @entity3645 after distal gastrectomy reconstructed with Billroth I @entity254 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity354 after distal gastrectomy were enrolled. Esophageal and duodenal contents were aspirated under endoscopical examination, and their trypsin activity and @entity6741 concentrations were measured. The grade of @entity354 was assessed by endoscopy and the symptoms were scored. Moreover, the grade of infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression of @entity2247 mRNA in the esophageal epithelium were evaluated. @entity1 with severe @entity2910 had a higher amount of trypsin activity and @entity6741 concentrations in the esophagus, but not in the duodenum, compared to @entity1 with mild @entity2910 (P < 0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the trypsin activity and the @entity6741 concentrations in the esophagus (r = 0.743, P = 0.0001). Moreover, the @entity2247 mRNA expression and the grade of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the esophageal mucosa significantly correlated with the trypsin activity and @entity6741 concentrations in the esophagus. Thus, duodenogastroesophageal reflux with low gastric acidity is one of the pathogeneses in the development of @entity354 from the present clinical study with @entity1 after distal gastrectomy reconstructed with Billroth I @entity254 .

title: Trypsin activity and XXXX concentrations in the esophagus after distal gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal juice reflux']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mortality rate of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) @entity1 is high despite of new advanced continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which has widely become the treatment of choice in @entity1 who are hemodynamically unstable. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of CRRT in improving the survival outcome is still unclear. Therefore, many centers still use @entity298 ( @entity298 ) or @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in hospital where CRRT is unavailable. The present study was carried out to evaluate outcome of @entity810 @entity1 who were treated with @entity400 and @entity298 in Saraburi Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of @entity810 @entity1 requiring dialysis during 2004 to 2009 was conducted. @entity1 who were under 15 years old or underwent more than one modality of dialysis were excluded. Demographic data and mode of RRT were analyzed for survival. RESULTS: Of all 145 @entity1 , 101 were admitted into ICU. Mean age of @entity1 was 61.6 +/- 17.8 years and 60.7% of all @entity1 were male. @entity4295 was the most common cause of @entity810 , whereas @entity1284 was the leading indication for RRT. Overall mortality was 68.3%. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate between the two modes of dialysis. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of @entity810 @entity1 is high despite having dialysis support. There is no statistically significant difference in mortality rate between @entity400 and @entity298 among these @entity1 .

title: Intermittent peritoneal dialysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent hemodialysis', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent peritoneal dialysis', 'IPD']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hypothesis that the combined necrotic angle measurement from magnetic resonance imaging scans predicts the subsequent risk of collapse in hips with @entity2738 was tested. METHODS: Thirty-seven hips with early stage @entity2530 in thirty-three consecutive @entity1 were investigated. With use of the modified method of Kerboul et al., we measured the arc of the femoral surface involved by @entity39 on a midcoronal as well as a midsagittal magnetic resonance image (rather than an anteroposterior and a lateral radiograph) and then calculated the sum of the angles. On the basis of the magnitude of the resulting combined angle, hips were classified into four categories: grade 1 (<200 degrees), grade 2 (200 degrees to 249 degrees), grade 3 (250 degrees to 299 degrees), and grade 4 (>/=300 degrees). After the initial evaluations, the hips were randomly assigned to a core decompression group or a nonoperative group. @entity1 underwent regular follow-up until femoral @entity135 or for a minimum of five years. RESULTS: Seven grade-4 hips and sixteen grade-3 hips had development of femoral @entity135 by thirty-six months. Six of the nine grade-2 hips and none of the five grade-1 hips collapsed (log-rank test, p < 0.01). None of the four hips with a combined necrotic angle of </=190 degrees (the low-risk group) collapsed, all twenty-five hips with a combined necrotic angle of >/=240 degrees (the high-risk group) collapsed, and four (50%) of the eight hips with a combined necrotic angle between 190 degrees and 240 degrees (the moderate-risk group) collapsed during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The Kerboul combined necrotic angle, as ascertained with use of magnetic resonance imaging scans instead of radiographs, is a good method to assess future collapse in hips with @entity2738 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Prediction of collapse in XXXX : a modified Kerboul method with use of magnetic resonance images.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head collapse']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis', 'femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: By the implementation of the sentinel node procedure in the treatment of @entity0 routine axillary lymph node, dissection can be abandoned in @entity1 with a @entity5 -negative sentinel node. When the sentinel node is positive there are two options; an axillary dissection or radiotherapy of the axilla. In the latter case one is not informed about the total number of positive lymph nodes which can be of importance for the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy. In this paper we analyse whether it is possible to use histological parameters of a lymph-node @entity3 to predict the number of @entity5 -cell-containing nodes. METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-eight @entity1 treated for @entity0 at our department from 1991 to 1996 were investigated to see whether @entity5295 of axillary metastases had a significant predictive value for the number of positive lymph nodes. Extranodal extension was scored as: no @entity5295 (NEE) and @entity5295 ( @entity5295 ); the latter was subdivided in @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) or @entity5295 ( @entity5295 ). RESULTS: Of 498 @entity1 , 230 @entity1 had axillary involvement. NEE was seen in 83 (36.1%) @entity1 and 147 (63.9%) had @entity5295 . Subdivision of this latter group revealed 77 @entity1 with @entity1987 (52%), 65 @entity1 with @entity5295 (45%) and five @entity1 not further specified (3%). The number of positive nodes for the @entity5295 -group (6.9+/-0.5) was significant higher compared with the NEE-group (2.1+/-0.2) (P<0.001). The number of positive nodes was also significantly higher for the @entity5295 -group compared to the @entity1987 -group, 10.6+/-0.8 vs 4.0+/-0.4 (P<0.001). The predictive value for > or =4 positive axillary lymph nodes was 84.6% for @entity5295 , 58.5% for @entity5295 and only 14.5% for NEE. These differences were significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity5295 in axillary lymph-node metastases can be a good predictor for the expected number of positive nodes. This histological parameter could be of value to determine the kind of adjuvant chemotherapy after a positive sentinel-node biopsy with only radiotherapy of the axilla and no further axillary lymph-node dissection.

title: Extranodal extension of axillary @entity3 of XXXX as a possible predictor for the total number of positive lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal extranodal extension', 'MEE']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'extranodal extension', 'EEE', 'extensive extranodal extension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast carcinoma']


abstract: Details of the symptomatic history of 118 @entity748 @entity1 with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), 18 @entity748 @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ), and 6 @entity748 @entity1 with both @entity2023 and @entity483 were investigated. All 142 @entity1 had @entity1097 (64 cases) or mixed-type @entity565 (78 cases). In 118 (83%) and 66 (46%) of the 142 @entity1 , @entity748 attacks were mainly associated with autumn and the rainy season in Japan, respectively. In 84 (68%) of 124 @entity1 with @entity2023 , @entity2023 -related symptoms were mainly associated with spring. In 68 @entity1 (55%), @entity2023 appeared 1-33 years (mean, 10.5 years) before the initial appearance of @entity565 . In @entity1 with @entity565 and @entity2023 , 102 (82%) of 124 cases had an inverse relationship between the peak times of symptoms consistent with @entity565 and @entity2023 . In 84 (82%) and 80 (78%) of 102 @entity1 with an inverse relationship between the peak times of symptoms associated with @entity565 and @entity2023 , respectively, episodes of preceding @entity2023 and @entity2490 were not seen at each @entity748 . Of 24 @entity748 @entity1 with @entity483 , 12 (50%) had @entity483 1-23 years (mean, 14.3 years) after the initial appearance of @entity565 . In 18 (75%) of 24 @entity1 , an inverse relationship between the peak times of symptoms consistent with @entity565 and @entity483 was observed. These results have tempted us to consider an allergic cycle theory that @entity565 may be inactive when @entity2023 or @entity483 is active; i.e., one @entity56 occurs at only one site among allergic sites of the body, including the bronchi, nasal mucosa, and skin.

title: Allergic cycle: relationships between @entity565 , XXXX , and @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatic attack']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['infectious rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['active allergic reaction']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: In a national multicentre trial in the FRG @entity1 with @entity978 in stages CS/PS III B/IV were entered into the @entity2033 3 protocol and received induction chemotherapy with 3 x (COPP + ABVD). @entity1 in complete remission (CR) received consolidation therapy by either radiotherapy (20 Gy IF) or chemotherapy (COPP + ABVD). @entity1 not in CR received salvage therapy (40 Gy in case of persisting @entity66 , else 4 x CEVD chemotherapy). Between July 1983 and May 1987 230 untreated @entity1 aged 15 to 60 qualified for this @entity2033 3 protocol. This analysis is based on the first 137 @entity1 evaluable for response. Of these, 86 (63%) achieved CR after induction chemotherapy. Including salvage therapy a total of 104 @entity1 (76%) achieved CR. Univariate and multivariate prognostic risk factor analyses were performed using freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) as endpoint. Sex, age, splenectomy, bone marrow, liver and bone involvement had no prognostic impact nor had stage according to the Ann Arbor classification. In contrast, a pretreatment erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) above 80 mm/h and a serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) above 230 IU/ml appeared as significant risk factors (p less than 0.01, relative risk 2.3). The two parameters were not independent. Comparing a group A (ESR less than or equal to 80 and AP less than or equal to 230) versus a pooled group B (ESR greater than 80 and/or AP greater than 230) increased the difference (p less than 0.001, relative risk of 2.8) which was also significant for survival (p less than 0.04).

title: Prognostic risk factors in advanced XXXX . Report of the German Hodgkin Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Aspergillus @entity4327 is a rare but often fatal @entity281 complicating thoracic surgery. Three @entity1 and one @entity1 aged 23-47 years were diagnosed with Aspergillus @entity4327 after lung resection. Underlying diseases were @entity2 (n = 2), @entity978 (n = 1) and thoracic @entity130 (n = 1). The treatment protocol consisted of systemic anti-fungal treatment with @entity11794 and @entity5074 , intrapleural application of @entity2379 and surgical debridement with secondary closure of the leaking bronchial stump. Two @entity1 with chronic Aspergillus @entity4327 had been pretreated with @entity2059 and/or @entity2379 . Two @entity1 were treated with a thoracostoma. Two @entity1 had undergone pneumonectomy for previously diagnosed @entity57 . @entity11794 was given for 13-60 days, @entity5074 for up to 100 days. Surgical debridement was performed in all cases and in two cases the created thoracostoma was closed during a second surgical procedure. Aspergillus PCR using blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage or aspiration fluid was used for monitoring. All four @entity1 had complete clinical and microbiological remission. Our case series shows promising results and underscores the importance of a combined therapeutic approach for Aspergillus @entity4327 consisting of anti-fungal treatment and surgery. @entity5074 and @entity11794 seem to be a suitable combination for this @entity281 .

title: Successful management of postpneumonectomy Aspergillus @entity4327 by combined surgical and anti-fungal treatment with @entity5074 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['Caspofungin', 'caspofungin']

answer: @entity11794 :: (MESH:C105417,Chemical) :: ['caspofungin']


abstract: The @entity916 -angiotensin system has long been recognized as crucial factor in the regulation of the systemic blood pressure and renal electrolyte homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of a local @entity916 -angiotensin system in a variety of organs. A recent study of the pancreatic @entity916 -angiotensin system showed that chronic @entity519 significantly increased the mRNA expression for angiotensinogen II receptor subtypes @entity7743 and @entity19496 . The activation of the @entity916 -angiotensin system may play an important role in cellular pathophysiological processes. @entity2178 enhances the formation of reactive @entity26 species via the activation of @entity3624 oxidase or @entity1110 oxidase. The reactive @entity26 species can cause oxidative damage in the pancreas and other tissues either directly or indirectly via the formation of other radicals such as reactive @entity1568 species. Rhodiola therapy may protect @entity519 -induced @entity660 in two ways. It prevents @entity519 -induced biological changes by increasing intracellular @entity26 diffusion and efficiency of @entity26 utilization. Alternatively, it reduces @entity519 -induced oxidative damage by its antioxidant activities. Additional experimental data are required to fully elucidate the mode of action of this herbal drug.

title: Association of free radicals and the tissue @entity916 -angiotensin system: prospective effects of Rhodiola, a genus of Chinese herb, on @entity519 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the performance of different b values and regions of interest (ROI) for diagnosing @entity1575 in @entity1 with chronic @entity99 by using diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Eleven healthy @entity1 and 33 @entity1 with @entity1956 or C were enrolled. The stage of @entity1575 and the grade of necroinflammation were determined by using a histologic activity index. Single-shot spin-echo echo-planar DW-MRI was performed in all @entity1 at b values of 0-500, 0-700, and 0-1000 s/mm(2) by using 2 circular small and large ROIs of 100 and 200 mm(2). To evaluate the performance of different b values for determining @entity82 , the receiver-operating characteristic curves were depicted, and the areas under the curves were compared. RESULTS: The average values of apparent diffusion coefficients significantly decreased with increasing stage or grade categories at all the 3 b values and for both small and large ROIs. The performance at b = 500 s/mm(2) was significantly better than b = 1000 s/mm(2) for determining @entity82 or @entity39833 @entity82 . The cut point of 153.4 for apparent diffusion coefficient ( 10(-5) mm(2)/s) at b = 500 s/mm(2) could determine @entity82 or @entity39833 @entity82 with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 82%. No difference was found between the average apparent diffusion coefficient values of large or small ROIs. Also, there was no difference in performance of large or small ROIs in the diagnosis of @entity1575 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provided beneficial data for clinical utilisation of DW-MRI in diagnosing @entity1575 : b = 500 s/mm(2) is better in performance than b = 1000 s/mm(2), and a small ROI of 100 mm(2) is sufficient for determining @entity82 or @entity39833 @entity82 .

title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of XXXX and inflammation in chronic viral hepatitis: the performance of low or high B values and small or large regions of interest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity189 were treated with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) (1000 mg/m2/d as a continuous intravenous [IV]infusion on days 1 through 4), @entity900 (100 mg/m2 IV on day 1), @entity1138 (10 mg/m2 IV on day 1), and concurrent radiation therapy (4500 cGy/4.5 wk). If no disease progression was observed, operable @entity1 underwent surgery 4 to 6 weeks after completion of radiation therapy. A thoracotomy with a gastric pull-through operation was performed in the first six @entity1 . Subsequently, a transhiatal ("blunt") esophagectomy was used. Twenty-five @entity1 had squamous cell histology and four had @entity420 . Of 25 @entity1 with @entity957 , 13 underwent esophagectomy. The clinical complete response rate was 61% (eight of 13 @entity1 ), with a pathologic complete remission documented in five of 13 @entity1 (38%). The overall local @entity5 sterilization rate was 53% (seven of 13 @entity1 ). In the 12 @entity1 who did not undergo surgery after chemoradiotherapy, four had a complete clinical response (33%) and five had a partial response (41%). Symptoms or signs of @entity66 recurrence or stricture were noticed in ten of 12 @entity1 who did not undergo surgery (83%), compared with 28% of @entity1 who underwent surgery. The median survival time of the group receiving surgery was 10 months, compared with 5 months for those who did not undergo operation (P = 0.027). @entity1 undergoing transhiatal esophagectomy had shorter postoperative hospital stays and fewer serious complications, compared with @entity1 undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy. The use of chemoradiotherapy and transhiatal esophagectomy for @entity418 should be evaluated using alternative sequences of treatment (e.g., postoperative therapy) to reduce @entity137 while maintaining local control of disease.

title: @entity900 , @entity1487 , @entity1138 , and concurrent radiation therapy with and without esophogectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: - @entity918 and @entity7486 are thought to exert their @entity551 efficacy through a combined vasodilator and diuretic effect, but in vivo evidence for a direct vascular effect is lacking. The presence and mechanism of a direct vascular action of @entity918 in vivo in @entity1 were examined and compared with those of the @entity2740 -like drug @entity7486 . Forearm vasodilator responses to infusion of placebo and increasing doses of @entity918 (8, 25, and 75 microg. @entity1009 . @entity19444 ) into the brachial artery were recorded by venous occlusion plethysmography. Dose-response curves were repeated after local @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) administration to determine the role of @entity972 channel activation and, in @entity1 with the @entity4861 , to determine the role of the @entity2740 -sensitive @entity1219 cotransporter in the vasodilator effect of @entity918 . Vascular effects of @entity918 were compared with those of @entity7486 in both normotensive (mean arterial pressure, 85+/-7 mm Hg) and @entity101 (mean arterial pressure, 124+/-16 mm Hg) subjects. At the highest infusion rate, local plasma concentrations of @entity918 averaged 11.0+/-1.6 microg/mL, and those of @entity7486 averaged 7. 2+/-1.5 microg/mL. In contrast to @entity7486 , @entity918 showed a direct vascular effect (maximal vasodilation, 55+/-14%; P=0. 013), which was inhibited by @entity1041 (maximal vasodilation after @entity1041 , 13+/-10%; P=0.02). The response was not dependent on blood pressure and was similar in @entity1 with @entity4861 , indicating that absence of the @entity1219 cotransporter does not alter the vasodilatory effect of @entity918 . The vasodilator effect of @entity918 in the @entity1 forearm is small and only occurs at high concentrations. The mechanism of action is not mediated by inhibition of vascular @entity1219 cotransport but involves vascular @entity972 channel activation. In contrast, @entity7486 does not exert any direct vasoactivity in the forearm vascular bed.

title: @entity2740 -induced vasodilation in @entity1 is mediated by XXXX channel activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['Gitelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) produces significant upregulation of @entity1014 phosphorylase, a principal determinant of the therapeutic index of @entity416 -based treatment, starting 4-6 days after treatment. On the basis of the time-dependency of this upregulation, we performed a phase I dose escalation study of @entity416 and @entity1139 in @entity1 with @entity344 . METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1 with advanced @entity344 received @entity1139 at 6 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity416 escalated in four successive @entity1 cohorts of doses 500-1,000 mg/m2/day twice daily on days 8-21, every 28 days. @entity1139 was capped at 36 mg/m2. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity1 were enrolled and 90% had at least one prior treatment in the metastatic setting. There was one DLT, grade 3 @entity8566 , at dose level four. The most common @entity137 was @entity1295 (61%). No @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity137 . Nine @entity1 experienced prolonged stability of disease. CONCLUSION: @entity416 in combination with @entity1139 in the proposed schedule is well-tolerated with evidence of preliminary activity. The recommended dose for phase II studies are @entity1139 at 6 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 28-day cycle with the dose capped at 36 mg/m2, in combination with @entity416 at 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 8-21.

title: A phase I dose escalation study of a pharmacobiologically based scheduling of @entity416 and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand and foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A second @entity5 (SPT) in the breast is the most common one seen in clinical practice. There are conflicting reports regarding the incidence and survival of @entity1 with SPT in the breast. METHODS: To elucidate this, data on 139,932 @entity1 with primary @entity0 , reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program between 1973 and 1986, were analyzed. Of these, 3431 @entity1 had a contralateral metachronous @entity0 (interval, > 6 months). RESULTS: Survival from the date of diagnosis of the metachronous @entity0 was compared with that of @entity1 with single @entity0 , controlling for age at diagnosis, stage, race, and treatment. In the multivariate analysis, age and stage at diagnosis of first and second @entity5 were the only variables that significantly influenced survival. The survival of @entity1 with localized SPT was similar to that of @entity1 with a localized single @entity0 . @entity1 with regionally advanced SPT lived for a shorter time than did corresponding @entity1 with only one @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with single @entity0 were at increased risk of having a SPT in the breast. As a result, efforts for early detection by physical examination and mammography of survivors of single @entity0 are advocated because the survival of @entity1 with a localized SPT in the breast is as good as that of those with a single localized @entity5 .

title: Survival of first and second primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of ventilator associated @entity55 can be made by quantitative cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or of protected specimen brushings, though cultures require 24-48 hours to provide results. In 80% of cases aerobic Gram negative bacteria are the cause. METHODS: A rapid diagnostic method of assessing the endotoxin content of lavage fluid by Limulus assay is described. Forty samples of lavage fluid were obtained from @entity1 with @entity1230 requiring mechanical ventilation for a prolonged period. @entity55 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, radiological, and bacteriological findings, including quantitative cultures of lavage fluid. RESULTS: A relation was observed between the concentration of endotoxin in lavage fluid and the quantity of Gram negative bacteria. The median endotoxin content of lavage fluid in Gram negative @entity2028 was 15 endotoxin units (EU)/ml; the range observed in individual @entity1 was 6 to > 150 EU/ml. In @entity1 with @entity55 due to Gram positive cocci and in non-infected @entity1 the median endotoxin level was 0.17 (range < or = 0.06 to 2) EU/ml. An endotoxin level greater than or equal to 6 EU/ml distinguished @entity1 with Gram negative @entity2028 from colonised @entity1 and from those with @entity55 due to Gram positive cocci. CONCLUSION: The measurement of endotoxin in lavage fluid is a rapid (less than two hours) and accurate diagnostic method. It should allow specific and early treatment of Gram negative @entity2028 .

title: Rapid diagnosis of gram negative XXXX by assay of endotoxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Female @entity6599 over 15 years of age develop irregular menstrual cycles, an indication of declining ovarian function similar to that occurring in perimenopausal @entity1 . To determine the effect of declining ovarian function on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and plasma @entity19411 , we measured plasma lipoprotein and @entity47545 levels in 86 female @entity6599 from 15-28 years of age with regular (n = 51) and irregular (n = 35) menstrual cycles. We sampled blood and liver while they were consuming a basal diet and after consuming a high @entity165 and high fat diet for 7 weeks. On the basal diet, @entity6599 with irregular cycles had higher VLDL + LDL/HDL @entity165 ratios (P = 0.034). After consuming the HCHF diet for 7 weeks, total plasma (P < 0.001) and VLDL + LDL (P < 0.001) @entity165 concentrations and VLDL + LDL/HDL @entity5068 ratios (P < 0.001) increased in both cycle groups; whereas HDL @entity165 concentrations increased only in @entity6599 with regular cycles (P = 0.009). As a result, HDL @entity165 concentrations (P = 0.006) were lower and VLDL + LDL/HDL @entity165 ratios (P = 0.002) were higher in @entity6599 with irregular cycles on the HCHF diet. Plasma @entity47545 concentrations were higher in @entity6599 with regular cycles than in those with irregular cycles on both basal (P = 0.018) and HCHF (P = 0.037) diets and were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with hepatic @entity5068 27-hydroxylase activities on both diets. Hepatic @entity5068 27-hydroxylase activities were negatively correlated with the VLDL + LDL/HDL @entity165 ratios on the HCHF diet (r = -0.342, P = 0.033). These results suggest that declining ovarian function changes the plasma lipoprotein pattern to one that is more atherogenic. @entity2670 is also associated with decreased concentrations of plasma @entity47545 (the major @entity19411 of plasma), and the decrease in plasma @entity47545 concentration was due to the decrease in hepatic @entity5068 27-hydroxylase activity. The effects of @entity2670 on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and plasma @entity47545 may be mediated by the decreased production of @entity172 in perimenopausal @entity6599 . Thus, the perimenopausal @entity3474 is an excellent model for menopause and can be used for studies that cannot be conducted in @entity1 .

title: Effect of naturally reduced ovarian function on plasma lipoprotein and XXXX levels in @entity6599 (Papio sp.).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity47545 :: ('MESH:C076996', 'Chemical') :: ['27-hydroxycholesterol']

entities_list: @entity19411 :: ('CHEBI:53030', 'Chemical') :: ['oxysterol', 'oxysterols']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian failure', 'ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity47545 :: (MESH:C076996,Chemical) :: ['27-hydroxycholesterol']


abstract: A case control study was undertaken comparing the outcome of 208 renal allografts transplanted into @entity6 recipients with those transplanted into an appropriately matched group of non- @entity6 recipients. In each group there were 151 cadaver, 21 two-haplotype identical, 35 one-haplotype identical, and one zero-haplotype identical living-related grafts. For the entire group of @entity6 , 1- and 5-year graft survivals were 71.3% and 46%. Graft survivals for the non- @entity6 recipients at 1 and 5 yr were 81.8% and 57.8% (p less than 0.05). In all @entity1 subgroups divided according to the donor source, the graft and @entity1 survival rates for the non- @entity6 recipients exceeded those of the @entity6 recipients. One- and 5-yr @entity6 @entity1 survivals were 90% and 70%, and for the non- @entity6 they were 97% and 95%, respectively (p less than 0.001). There were 40 @entity204 among @entity6 and 15 among the non- @entity6 . @entity65 was the major cause of @entity204 in the @entity6 , accounting for 40% of the @entity204 . In addition, allograft loss due to @entity1 @entity204 was a significant cause of graft loss in the @entity6 group, 24 grafts (28%). Seven grafts (10%) were lost due to @entity1 @entity204 in the non- @entity6 group (p less than 0.05). Post-transplant, @entity6 recipients had a greater incidence of @entity64 , angina, @entity583 , @entity1095 , @entity293 (p less than 0.01 for each), and @entity2737 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A case control study of renal transplantation in XXXX with type I diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated an outbreak of multidrug-resistant @entity3064 -calcoaceticus @entity281 among US service members injured in Iraq. METHODS: The investigation was conducted in Iraq and Kuwait, in the 2 military hospitals where the majority of injured service members were initially treated. After initially characterizing the outbreak, we evaluated 3 potential sources of infection for the period March 2003 to December 2004. The evaluation included screening samples that were obtained from the skin of @entity1 for the presence of colonization and assessing the soil and health care environments for the presence of A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex organisms. Isolates obtained from samples from @entity1 in US Military treatment facilities, as well as environmental isolates, were genotypically characterized and compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex organisms were present on the skin in only 1 (0.6%) of 160 @entity1 who were screened and in 1 (2%) of 49 soil samples. A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex isolates were recovered from treatment areas in 7 of the 7 field hospitals sampled. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we identified 5 cluster groups in which isolates from @entity1 were related to environmental isolates. One cluster included hospitalized @entity1 who had not been deployed to Iraq. Among the clinical isolates, only imipenem, @entity6414 , and @entity3273 demonstrated reliable in vitro antimicrobial activity. Generally, the environmental isolates were more drug susceptible than were the clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that environmental contamination of field hospitals and infection transmission within health care facilities played a major role in this outbreak. On the basis of these findings, maintaining infection control throughout the military health care system is essential. Novel strategies may be required to prevent the transmission of pathogens in combat field hospitals.

title: An outbreak of multidrug-resistant @entity3064 -calcoaceticus XXXX in the US military health care system associated with military operations in Iraq.

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['complex infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['complex infection']


abstract: Although intracoronary stenting has been advocated as an adjunct to balloon angioplasty to circumvent late @entity256 , its effectiveness has not yet been verified. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the differences in the immediate and long-term changes in @entity850 geometry between Wallstent implantation and balloon angioplasty in native @entity453 . To obtain two study populations with identical baseline @entity850 characteristics, @entity1 were matched for lesion site, vessel size, and minimal luminal diameter. Only @entity1 undergoing elective and successful coronary intervention of a native coronary artery, in whom a control angiographic study had been performed, were included. A total of 186 @entity1 (93 in each group) were selected. The coronary angiograms were analyzed with the computer-assisted cardiovascular angiographic analysis system. Matching was considered adequate, since there was an equal number of lesion sites in each study population and there were no differences in baseline reference diameter and minimal luminal diameter. Wallstent implantation resulted in a significantly greater increase in minimal luminal diameter (from 1.22 +/- 0.34 mm to 2.49 +/- 0.40 mm, p < 0.00001) compared with balloon angioplasty (from 1.21 +/- 0.29 mm to 1.92 +/- 0.35 mm, p < 0.00001). Despite a greater decrease in minimal luminal diameter after Wallstent implantation (0.48 +/- 0.74 mm) than after balloon angioplasty (0.20 +/- 0.46 mm), the minimal luminal diameter at follow-up was significantly greater after stent implantation (2.01 +/- 0.75 mm vs 1.72 +/- 0.54, p < 0.0001). It was concluded that Wallstent implantation results in a superior immediate and long-term increase in minimal luminal diameter compared with balloon angioplasty. The larger initial gain after stent implantation compensates for the late loss, and thus an improved initial result and not lessened neointimal @entity1373 is responsible for a reduced incidence of @entity256 . Studies based on matching of angiographic variables are a surrogate for randomized studies, forecasting their results and offering insight into the effects of different interventional techniques. Moreover, these studies yield statistical information that may be helpful for the proper design of a randomized study (sample size, type II error).

title: Matching based on quantitative coronary angiography as a surrogate for randomized studies: comparison between stent implantation and balloon angioplasty of native XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery lesions']


abstract: The effects of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) on an unfolding step of @entity1 cyanomet @entity5632 (Mb) were examined for wild-type and three @entity48439 mutant Mbs. The unfolding was induced at acidic pH (3.6-4.5) with various concentrations of @entity2400 (0-2 M). The monophasic process was monitored by visible absorption spectroscopy. We observed quite nonlinear delta G not equal to-[ @entity2400 ] relations for all the Mbs. delta G not equal to-[ @entity8723 ] relations were also determined for a comparative study. Thermodynamic evaluation of the results indicated that an upward reflection of delta G not equal to-[ @entity2400 ] relations in high @entity2400 is caused by the strong Hofmeister effect of the salt. Results obtained for three mutants ( @entity48440 , @entity48441 , and @entity48442 ) at pH 4.0 and 4.5 were consistent with our previous observation that the structure of the transition state is determined by the stability of Mb cores in the balance with the pH conditions of unfolding (T. Konno and I. Morishima. 1993. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1162:93-98).

title: Effects of XXXX on an unfolding step of @entity1 cyanomet @entity5632 .

entities_list: @entity48439 :: ('p|SUB|L||A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L-->A']

entities_list: @entity48440 :: ('p|SUB|L|29|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L29A']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity48441 :: ('p|SUB|L|72|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L72A']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Powered lower limb orthoses could reduce therapist labor during gait rehabilitation after @entity16 . However, it is not clear how @entity1 respond to powered assistance during stepping. @entity1 might allow the orthoses to drive the movement pattern and reduce their muscle activation. The goal of this study was to test the effects of robotic assistance in subjects with incomplete @entity1566 using pneumatically powered ankle-foot orthoses. METHODS: Five individuals with chronic incomplete @entity1566 (ASIA C-D) participated in the study. Each subject was fitted with bilateral ankle-foot orthoses equipped with artificial pneumatic muscles to power @entity3681 . Subjects walked on a treadmill with partial bodyweight support at four speeds (0.36, 0.54, 0.72 and 0.89 m/s) under three conditions: without wearing orthoses, wearing orthoses unpowered (passively), and wearing orthoses activated under pushbutton control by a physical therapist. Subjects also attempted a fourth condition wearing orthoses activated under pushbutton control by them. We measured joint angles, electromyography, and orthoses torque assistance. RESULTS: A therapist quickly learned to activate the artificial pneumatic muscles using the pushbuttons with the appropriate amplitude and timing. The powered orthoses provided approximately 50% of peak ankle torque. Ankle angle at stance push-off increased when subjects walked with powered orthoses versus when they walked with passive-orthoses (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Ankle muscle activation amplitudes were similar for powered and passive-orthoses conditions except for the soleus (approximately 13% lower for powered condition; p < 0.05). Two of the five subjects were able to control the orthoses themselves using the pushbuttons. The other three subjects found it too difficult to coordinate pushbutton timing. Orthoses assistance and maximum ankle angle at push-off were smaller when the subject controlled the orthoses compared to when the therapist-controlled the orthoses (p < 0.05). Muscle activation amplitudes were similar between the two powered conditions except for tibialis anterior (approximately 31% lower for therapist-controlled; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mechanical assistance from powered ankle-foot orthoses improved ankle push-off kinematics without substantially reducing muscle activation during walking in subjects with incomplete @entity1566 . These results suggest that @entity1411 assistance could be used during gait rehabilitation without promoting @entity1 passivity.

title: The effects of powered ankle-foot orthoses on joint kinematics and muscle activation during walking in individuals with incomplete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['robotic plantar flexion']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: Telemetric follow-up (RM) after cardiac devices implantation is not only not inferior to classic follow-up, but also enables earlier clinical complications detection and stricter @entity1 monitoring. AIM: The aim of the study was to confirm safety and efficacy of RM in @entity1 with implantable @entity737 with resynchronisation therapy (CRT-D), compared to traditional follow-up in outpatient clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group A (CRT-D+ @entity737 ) (retrospective, @entity1 followed-up in outpatient clinic) was consisted with 273 @entity1 (mean age 65  11 years, 230M). Group A included 128 @entity1 after CRT-D implantation and 145 @entity1 with @entity737 . Group B (RM group) (prospective, RM Medtronic CareLink follow-up) involved 89 @entity1 (mean age 61  14 years, 73M). 11 @entity1 had CRT-D and 78 had @entity737 implanted. Only @entity1 with Medtronic equipment were included to group B. Follow-up of @entity1 from group A - ambulatory visit in outpatient clinic: 1-3 months after implantation, then every 6 months. Follow-up of @entity1 from group B - daily follow-up using RM system (Medtronic CareLink). @entity1 's clinical status, medications, frequency/ type of @entity943 , device interventions were assessed in both groups. RESULTS: To assess presence of @entity943 , device interventions, @entity737 and CRT-D programming changes, pharmacotherapy changes, a number of @entity1 were randomly chosen from group A. They were similar in age, gender, LVEF value, NYHA class, comorbidities, time of follow-up (control group) to Group B (RM group). In the RM group, compared to control group, there were significantly less programming changes (3,4 vs 28,6%, p<0,001), time to first event was shorter ( @entity943 - 39 days, p<0,001; intervention - 102 days, p<0,001), time to first necessary programming change was longer (201 days, p<0,001). RM system proved to be save, more accurate (22% visits were performed personally by the physician operating Medtronic CareLink system, 71,4% consultations were performed via internet, phone), and general mortality did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0,147). CONCLUSIONS: Telemetric follow-up of cardiac implantable devices is a safe and more accurate method in comparison to classic ambulatory follow-up. Telemetric follow-up of cardiac implantable devices enables quick information transmission in case of clinical complications ( @entity943 , intervention). Telemetric follow-up allows to reduce number of ambulatory visits to only necessary ones.

title: [Safety and efficacy of classic ambulatory XXXX and resynchronisation systems follow-up compared to telemetric follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardioverterdefibrillator', 'ICD']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']


abstract: @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) represents a spectrum of clinical illness and morphological changes that range from @entity409 and @entity39 to progressive @entity82 . For the etiology of @entity5881 , oxidative stress, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis have been described. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of @entity20770 's milk (CM) in alleviating @entity167 -induced hepatotoxicity as a model of clinical @entity409 . Male @entity35 were grouped into four groups from which one group received normal saline and served as control. Groups from 2 to 4 received a daily oral dose of 56% @entity1068 for 4 weeks. Group 2 served as untreated control while groups 3 and 4 were respectively treated with CM either in a prophylactic or a curative approach. @entity493 transaminase, @entity492 transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, @entity1674 , as well as @entity165 levels were estimated in the serum. @entity1234 , total antioxidant capacity, and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha levels along with caspase-3 activity were determined in liver tissue homogenate. A histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also achieved. Results showed amelioration of all tested parameters following administration of CM. Conclusively, treatment with @entity20770 's milk alleviates @entity167 -associated hazards and protects hepatic tissue from @entity167 -induced @entity137 .

title: @entity20770 's milk alleviates XXXX -induced liver injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'Alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver, hepatic inflammation', 'liver illness']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Qigong as a complementary and alternative modality of traditional Chinese medicine is often used by @entity5 @entity1 to manage their symptoms. The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate the effectiveness of qigong exercise in @entity5 care. METHODS: Thirteen databases were searched from their inceptions through November 2010. All controlled clinical trials of qigong exercise among @entity5 @entity1 were included. The strength of the evidence was evaluated for all included studies using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The validity of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) was also evaluated using the Jadad Scale. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies including eight @entity23 and fifteen non-randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were identified. The effects of qigong on physical and psychosocial outcomes were examined in 14 studies and the effects on biomedical outcomes were examined in 15 studies. For physical and psychosocial outcomes, it is difficult to draw a conclusion due to heterogeneity of outcome measures and variability of the results in the included studies. Among reviewed studies on biomedical outcomes, a consistent tendency appears to emerge which suggests that the @entity1 treated with qigong exercise in combination with conventional methods had significant improvement in immune function than the @entity1 treated with conventional methods alone. CONCLUSIONS: Due to high risk of bias and methodological problems in the majority of included studies, it is still too early to draw conclusive statements. Further vigorously designed large-scale @entity23 with validated outcome measures are needed.

title: A systematic review of the effectiveness of qigong exercise in supportive XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab plus @entity1499 (ADA+ @entity1500 ) compared with @entity1499 monotherapy in achieving stable low disease activity (LDA; disease activity score (DAS28( @entity1851 )) <3.2 at weeks 22 and 26) and clinical, radiographic and functional outcomes in @entity1499 -naive @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: 1032 @entity1 with active @entity309 were randomly assigned 1:1 to ADA+ @entity1500 or placebo plus @entity1499 (PBO+ @entity1500 ) for 26 weeks. Treatment modifications were to be made in a subsequent study period based on the achievement of DAS28( @entity1851 ) <3.2 at weeks 22 and 26. Post-hoc analyses compared @entity1 achieving stable remission using DAS28 and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria with those achieving LDA but not remission. RESULTS: Among @entity1 completing 6 months, 44% (207/466) ADA+ @entity1500 versus 24% (112/460) PBO+ @entity1500 @entity1 achieved stable LDA at weeks 22 and 26 (p<0.001). Combination therapy was statistically superior to @entity1499 in obtaining higher ACR20/50/70 responses, more clinical remissions, greater mean reductions in DAS28( @entity1851 ), no radiographic progression, and normal functional status at week 26 (p<0.001 for all). The only factor predicting stable LDA was disease activity at week 12. @entity1 achieving ACR/EULAR remission, particularly in the PBO+ @entity1500 group, had some advantage in radiographic outcomes compared with @entity1 who only achieved LDA (but not remission). The overall frequency of adverse events was comparable between groups. There were more serious infections and deaths in the ADA+ @entity1500 group, with a possible age effect. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ADA+ @entity1500 was significantly superior to @entity1499 alone with respect to clinical, radiographic and functional outcomes in @entity1 with early active @entity309 . Before initiating treatment with adalimumab, individual @entity1 evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio should be carefully considered.

title: Clinical, functional and radiographic consequences of achieving stable low disease activity and remission with adalimumab plus @entity1499 or XXXX alone in early @entity309 : 26-week results from the randomised, controlled OPTIMA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Telomerase is highly activated in @entity1 immortal cell lines and @entity5 tissues, whereas it is not activated in primary cell strains and many @entity5 -adjacent tissues. It is suggested that telomerase activation is one of the critical steps in malignant transformation. In the present study, the telomerase activity was investigated in @entity157 tissues and non- @entity5 liver tissues from Korean @entity1 with @entity3619 and @entity82 . Eighty two liver tissues (24 @entity3619 specimens, 34 @entity82 specimens, and 24 @entity157 ) were obtained from 23 chronic @entity99 @entity1 , 19 @entity82 @entity1 (including 7 liver transplants), and 24 @entity1 with @entity157 , of which the surrounding non- @entity5 liver tissues were available in 16 @entity1 (1 @entity3619 and 15 @entity82 ). As negative controls, 3 normal liver tissues were included. Protein from liver specimens was purified by a detergent lysis method as described elsewhere, and telomerase activity was measured in 2 diluents of each sample (1:1 and 1:100) by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Telomerase was strongly activated in 79% (19/24) of the @entity157 , while weakly in 8% (2/24) of the @entity3619 tissues and in 24% (8/34) of the @entity82 tissues. All of 3 normal control livers showed no telomerase activation. No relationship could be observed between the enhancement of telomerase activity and @entity5 nature. None of the chronic heaptitis or @entity82 @entity1 with mild telomerase activation in the liver have developed @entity157 for at least 2 years of follow-up period. These results suggest that the strong enhancement of telomerase activity may be a critical part of hepatocarcinogenesis, although the exact mechanism of such high activation in @entity157 is not clear. In addition, further study will be necessary to clarify the reason why no telomerase activity detectable by a conventional TRAP can be seen in some @entity157 .

title: Telomerase is strongly activated in @entity157 but not in XXXX and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis']


abstract: Telomerase, an enzyme associated with cellular immortality and @entity5 , is stringently repressed in most normal somatic cells but is reactivated in @entity5 cells and immortal cell lines, indicating that activation of telomerase may play an important role in tumorigenesis and immortalization. The pattern of @entity1 telomerase RNA ( @entity7066 ) expression during progression of @entity356 was investigated by a radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. @entity982 -embedded sections of 85 archival samples from Korean @entity1 with benign and various malignant stages of @entity356 as well as normal and regenerative tissues were studied. In normal gastric mucosae and regenerative lesions such as chronic peptic ulcer and @entity1127 , only a weak degree of @entity7066 expression was noted, and the expression was limited to basal cells of the gastric glands. Also, a moderate degree of @entity7066 expression was present in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles present in the submucosa. In tubular @entity652 , the degree of @entity7066 expression was also generally weak, but, unlike normal gastric mucosa, the expression was rather diffuse and occasionally focal in distribution. However, moderate to intense and usually diffuse @entity7066 expression was present in all cancerous tissues at different stages. Although some heterogeneity of @entity7066 expression was noted, there was a tendency for intensity of @entity7066 expression to increase gradually as the @entity5 progressed to a more advanced stage. Our results indicate that upregulation of telomerase expression is associated with @entity356 development or plays some role in @entity356 . Upregulation of @entity7066 expression detected by ISH assay may be a useful marker or tool for the early detection of @entity356 .

title: Telomerase RNA expression during progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: With the use of @entity900 , @entity900 , to enhance the effect of radiation a combined modality approach was designed to treat @entity1 with inoperable, locally advanced @entity1149 . The regimen consisted of radiation doses of 300 cGy for 4 days every week for 4 weeks with a 2 week split in between. Each radiation dose was followed by an i.v. injection of @entity900 6 mg/m2 within 30 min. Hydration consisted on an oral fluid intake of 2 L only, enabling the @entity1 to receive the treatment on an outpatient basis. Of 40 @entity1 entered into the study, 37 were evaluable for @entity137 and 33 for response. Overall response rate was 65% and complete response rate 22%. Median duration of local control was 7 months. The majority of all @entity1 (76%) eventually progressed at the primary @entity5 site, while in 16 @entity1 relapse occurred in distant sites first. Median duration of overall survival was 10.5 months, whereas that of complete responders was 29.5 months. Generally, acute side effects were transient and did not require discontinuation of treatment. One @entity1 presented with @entity882 4 weeks after treatment had been finished. His death of @entity1779 was likely to be related with his therapy-resistant malignancy. Of late side effects three @entity1 showed disabling symptoms consisting of uncontrollable @entity358 in the presence of @entity5 in two @entity1 , one @entity1 had radiation @entity602 and another experienced @entity891 with distal paresis. The combination of radiation and daily low-dose @entity900 is a tolerable treatment modality with most benefit for @entity1 reaching a complete remission. Intensification of the regimen is being planned in those @entity1 with inoperable, locally advanced @entity1544 to reach a complete remission.

title: Phase II trial of combined radiotherapy and daily low-dose XXXX for inoperable, locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive, @entity179 characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. @entity746 is considered to be a complex trait and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated a few susceptibility loci. However, many more causal loci remain to be discovered. Since it has been shown that genetic variants associated with complex traits are more likely to be eQTLs than frequency-matched variants from GWAS platforms, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide screening for eQTLs associated with @entity746 . In addition, we applied an eQTL analysis to finemap association loci. Expression profiles using peripheral blood of 323 @entity4572 @entity1 and 413 controls were mapped to genome-wide genotyping data. Subsequently, data from a two-stage GWAS (3,568 @entity1 and 10,163 controls) were used to prioritize eQTLs identified in the first stage (162 @entity746 , 207 controls). These prioritized eQTLs were carried forward to the second sample with both gene-expression and genotyping data (161 @entity746 , 206 controls). Replicated eQTL SNPs were then tested for association in the second-stage GWAS data to find SNPs associated with disease, that survived correction for multiple testing. We thus identified twelve cis eQTLs with nominally significant associations in the second-stage GWAS data. Eight SNP-transcript pairs of highest significance (lowest p = 1.27   10(-51)) withstood multiple-testing correction in the second stage and modulated @entity17283 gene expression. Additionally, we show that @entity3301 appears to be the only gene in the 9p21.2 locus that is regulated in cis, showing the potential of this approach in identifying causative genes in association loci in @entity746 . This study has identified candidate genes for @entity4572 , most notably @entity17283 . Mutations in @entity17283 are causal to @entity4740 which can present as a clinical mimic of @entity746 with progressive upper motor neuron loss, making it a plausible susceptibility gene for @entity746 .

title: Mapping of gene expression reveals @entity17283 as a susceptibility gene for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic ALS']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity4740 :: ('MESH:D019294', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis']

answer: @entity4572 :: (MESH:C566291,Disease) :: ['sporadic ALS']


abstract: There are two major problems including indications and techniques in video-assisted lung resection for @entity2 . The current technique of video-assisted lung resection have various troublesome procedures as compared with conventional open thoracic surgery. We have designed a new thoracoscopic instrument as a ligation device. Between September 1997 and August 1999, 15 @entity1 with early @entity2 underwent video-assisted lobectomy (VAL). In 5 @entity1 , VAL was performed through skin incisions of 3 cm using this new device and at extraction of the resected lung the skin incision was elongated minimally (Group A). In 10 @entity1 , a skin incision of 6-8 cm was made enough to perform VAL without the new device at the beginning of the operation (Group B). Total length of skin incisions (TLS) and @entity86 ( @entity86 ) were measured. TLS was 7.2 +/- 1.47 cm in group A, 11.9 +/- 4.50 cm in group B (p = 0.029). @entity86 was 492 +/- 256 ml in group A, 1.132 +/- 591 ml in group B (p = 0.032). @entity86 might be thought as an index of invasion of VAL and it was difficult to decrease @entity86 significantly. The new device made it possible to feel the ligature tension when the device was in touch with the chest wall. In a result, the device improved technical procedure of VAL and contributed toward less invasive surgery.

title: [Technical evaluation of video-assisted lung resection for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['TPD', 'total postoperative pleural discharge']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity511 are extremely rare @entity5 that typically usually are associated with bone. Therapeutic experience with primary spinal @entity11262 is also extremely limited. The exact origin of rare intradural @entity511 remains obscure. We report the first case in the literature of a primary intradural @entity3293 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This 40-year-old @entity1 experienced a 3 month history with @entity615 . The results of his neurological examination were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)demonstrated at the T12 level intradural @entity5 . We could not identify this lesion as @entity511 in preoperative period. INTERVENTION: At surgery, a mass found attached solely to pia mater, with a normal arachnoid and dura mater overlying was seen. The mass was excised completely and microscopic examination identified a @entity511 . The postoperative course was unremarkable. But a histological examination revealed primary @entity3293 . Experience with primary spinal @entity11262 is also extremely limited. We especially discussed to the histological examination. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis considered in the present case included @entity1653 , @entity6872 , and non-neoplastic intradural spinal cord lesion. We emphasize the benefit of surgical resection without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This case presents the first case in the literature of an primary @entity3293 .

title: Primary intradural XXXX : a case report and review in the literature.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous chondrosarcoma', 'spinal chondrosarcomas', 'chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['spinal intradural myxoid chondrosarcoma', 'myxoid chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity3293 :: (MESH:C563195,Disease) :: ['myxoid chondrosarcoma']


abstract: Recurrent @entity7809 (RAS) or @entity7809 occur in 20-60% of all @entity1 . The lesion occurs because of increased viscosity of oral submucosal extracellular matrix (ECM). The lesions begin in the second decade and peak in the third decade. Sex hormones are an important influence on fibroblasts, especially in the early phase of exposure. Sex hormones are known to concentrate, to a degree, in the bucal mucosa in animals. Lesions of RAS localize clinically and experimentally at sites of @entity130 . In the skin, @entity4 is known to trigger early cellular @entity32 . Increased viscosity of ECM heightens the response. The histopathology of the @entity1066 is similar to that which occurs under sites of acute @entity32 in the skin. Systemic corticosteroids completely supress the lesions. Caustics, such as @entity7292 and @entity3971 , stop the growth and @entity158 . Irritants are known to break ECM viscosity. The oral mucosa exerts some control on underlying ECM. Substances such as lectins influencing the mucosa could influence ECM. Soluble substances in food or organisms could also penetrate to influence ECM. A number of different foods have been incriminated as trigger agents in individual cases. This includes gluten in @entity1 with @entity1593 . Gluten is known to alter the mucosa of the small intestine in @entity1 with @entity1593 .

title: @entity7809 ( XXXX ): a consequence of high oral submucosal viscosity (the role of extracellular matrix and the possible role of lectins).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'gluten sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['canker sores', 'aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesions']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of lesions']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['canker sores']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests an association between elevated serum aminotransferase levels and @entity209 ( @entity209 , @entity407 and @entity6 ). However, the significance of relatively low levels of aminotransferases in relation to @entity209 has not been fully investigated in the general population. We investigated the association between serum amiontransferase levels and @entity209 using data from a survey in Jilin province, China. METHODS: In 2007, a survey was conducted throughout Jilin, China, covering both urban and rural areas. A total of 3835 @entity1 , 18 to 79 years old including 1761 @entity1 and 2074 @entity1 , underwent real-time ultrasonography, blood tests including @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase, and had interviews with a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Serum aminotransferase levels within the normal range were associated with @entity209 independent of age, occupation, cultural and educational level, income, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, and @entity167 intake. Compared with the lowest level (<20 IU/L), the adjusted odds ratios for ALT levels of 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and >50 IU/L were 1.92, 2.50, 2.97, and 3.52 in @entity1 , and 1.38, 1.54, 3.06, and 2.62 in @entity1 , respectively. Near-normal serum aminotransferase levels associated with @entity407 , @entity1561 , @entity3918 were also found in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Normal to near-normal serum aminotransferase levels are associated with @entity209 . Serum ALT levels of 21-25 IU/L for @entity1 , and 17-22 IU/L for @entity1 are suggested as cutoff levels that detect @entity209 affecting the liver.

title: Relationship between Serum Aminotransferase Levels and XXXX in Northern China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2553 is well known to occur after various cerebral neurosurgical events that cause @entity510 . However, @entity2553 can occur after cranial base @entity5 resection. We present a series of nine @entity1 with angiographically evident @entity2553 that was clinically symptomatic in eight of them. METHODS: A total of 470 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 were operated in our institution between April 1993 and December 1996. Nine had evidence of @entity2553 postoperatively (1.9% of the total population), of whom eight were asymptomatic. There were seven males and two females with an age range of 33 to 65 years (average 48.5 years). There were seven @entity1653 , one @entity3580 , and one @entity808 . RESULTS: @entity2553 manifested clinically 1 to 30 days postoperatively in eight @entity1 . Most @entity1 were symptomatic within 7 days. In the ninth case, surgery was delayed when asymptomatic @entity2553 was noted on an angiogram before second stage surgery. Symptoms included @entity1032 in four @entity1 , @entity1269 in three @entity1 (one @entity1 had both @entity1269 and @entity1032 ), and monoparesis in two @entity1 . Factors that were found to correlate with a higher incidence of @entity2553 were @entity5 size, total operative time, vessel encasement, vessel narrowing, and preoperative embolization. All eight @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2553 were treated with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) therapy. Five @entity1 also underwent intraluminal angioplasty, in conjunction with @entity3302 in one case. One @entity1 received intraarterial papaverine alone. Angiographic results were good in all @entity1 . Significant clinical improvement was seen in six of the eight symptomatic cases. CONCLUSION: Delayed @entity16 in a @entity1 who has undergone cranial base @entity5 surgery not explained by an intracranial @entity66 should be promptly investigated with angiography. If @entity2553 is diagnosed, it should be treated aggressively with @entity101 therapy and early angioplasty.

title: @entity2553 after cranial base XXXX resection: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HHH', 'hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilutional']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cranial base tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vasospasm', 'Vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']