abstract: @entity4314 (1 ml/kg body weight as a 1:1 mixture of @entity14605 and mineral oil) was orally administered to @entity35 . After 12 h, the activity of plasma ALT ( @entity493 aminotransferase) was significantly higher than that of the control group, and plasma ALT and AST ( @entity492 aminotransferase) activities significantly increased 24 h after @entity14605 administration. These results indicated that the @entity39 process had initiated at about 12 h and developed thereafter. After 6-24 h of @entity14605 administration, the hepatic level of @entity620 , the most sensitive indicator of oxidative stress, decreased significantly, indicating that oxidative stress was significantly enhanced 6 h after @entity14605 intoxication and thereafter. Oral administration of @entity270 (1 ml/kg body weight as a 1:1 mixture of @entity1881 and mineral oil) 12 h before @entity14605 administration caused a significant elevation of liver @entity270 level and ameliorated @entity409 24 h after @entity14605 intoxication based on plasma AST and ALT. @entity270 also significantly restored the hepatic @entity620 concentration 12 and 24 h after @entity14605 intoxication, demonstrating that @entity270 functioned as an antioxidant. The liver @entity270 concentration was not changed by @entity270 supplementation to @entity35 that did not receive @entity14605 . This result indicated that @entity270 accumulated in the damaged liver. The activation of @entity6336 , @entity2508 and p38 MAPK took place 1.5 h after @entity14605 administration. Co-administration of @entity1881 with @entity14605 did not affect these early changes in MAPKs.

title: Effect of @entity1881 on @entity4314 intoxication in the XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features, course, and outcome in tubercular serpiginous-like @entity3193 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 105 @entity1 (141 eyes) between May 2002 and July 2010. METHODS: @entity1 had the following inclusion criteria: (1) complete clinical records and digital fundus images at baseline and follow-up visits, (2) positive tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis International Pty Ltd. Chadstone, Victoria, Australia) test result, (3) active serpiginous-like @entity3193 in at least 1 eye, (4) all known causes of infectious (except @entity378 ) and noninfectious @entity1596 ruled out, and (5) a minimum of 9 months of follow-up from initiation of treatment that included antitubercular therapy (ATT) with oral corticosteroids (93 @entity1 ) or corticosteroids alone (12 @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and evolution of @entity3193 lesions from the acute to healed stage, recurrence, visual outcome, and complications. RESULTS: Mean age was 33    9.3 years (range, 12-54 years; 75 male and 30 female @entity1 ). Serpiginous-like @entity3193 was bilateral (at least 1 eye active) in 66 @entity1 (62.9%). Of 171 affected eyes, 141 (82.45%) had active lesions at presentation. Of 141 eyes, 115 (81.56%) showed @entity32 . Lesions were multifocal in 133 eyes (94.3%), were noncontiguous to optic disc in 122 eyes (86.52%), and involved the macula in 125 eyes (88.65%). Of @entity1 receiving ATT, all showed resolution of lesions and 9 (9.7%) developed recurrences (median follow-up, 21 months). In addition, 12 @entity1 (12.9%) showed continued progression over a median 3.5 weeks after initiation of therapy. Of 12 @entity1 treated with @entity288 alone, none showed progression but 9 (75%) developed recurrence (median, 26.5 months). Final visual acuity of >=  6/12 was achieved in 108 eyes (76.60%) versus 72 eyes (51.06%) before treatment. Fovea was spared in 95 of 125 eyes (76%) with macular involvement. Five eyes (3.5%) developed @entity1940 . CONCLUSIONS: Tubercular serpiginous-like @entity3193 presented as multifocal serpiginoid @entity3193 affecting predominantly young to middle-aged @entity1 . It was frequently bilateral with @entity32 and characterized by @entity75 that were noncontiguous to the optic disc and showed serpiginoid spread. Antitubercular therapy significantly reduced recurrences. Lesions responded to combined antitubercular and @entity134 therapy, usually spared fovea, and had a good final visual acuity.

title: Tubercular serpiginous-like XXXX presenting as multifocal serpiginoid @entity3193 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascular membrane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak @entity26 consumption (pVO2) reflects @entity26 extraction from the skeletal muscles, but is routinely corrected for body weight. We hypothesized that correcting pVO2 for lean tissue rather than total body weight would improve the prediction of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 272 @entity712 outpatients (mean age 61 +/- 12 years, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class 2.3 +/- 0.8) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise testing and body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. During a median follow-up of 608 days (range 8-3656), 75 @entity1 died. Univariate survival analysis showed strong survival prediction from pVO2 adjusted for total weight or lean tissue (chi2 17.7, P < .001; chi2 27.5, P < .0001, respectively). Both predicted survival significantly in bivariate analysis, (chi2 4.6, P = .032; chi2 16.6, P < .0001). The predictive effects were independent of exercise protocol (treadmill versus cycle ergometer) (both P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that pVO2 adjusted for lean tissue had prognostic importance independently of NYHA class, ejection fraction, and ventilation and @entity544 production slope (P < .05 for each). In @entity1 with NYHA class I and II (n = 160), pVO2 adjusted for lean tissue predicted outcome (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Adjustment for lean tissue instead for body weight increases the prognostic power of pVO2, particularly in @entity1 with mild @entity712 .

title: Prediction of mortality in XXXX from peak @entity26 consumption adjusted for either body weight or lean tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: AIM: To investigate osteopontin expression and its association with hepatopathologic changes in BALB/C @entity19 infected with @entity2042 . METHODS: The schistosomal hepatopathologic @entity19 model was established by @entity1320 with schistosomal cercaria. Liver samples were obtained from @entity19 sacrificed at 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18 wk after @entity281 . Liver histopathological changes were observed with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Masson trichrome staining. The expression of osteopontin was determined with immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The expression of @entity3113 ( @entity3113 ) and @entity641 ( @entity641 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry. Correlations of osteopontin expression with other variables ( @entity3113 , @entity641 , hepatopathologic features including @entity738 formation and degree of @entity1575 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: Typical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes were induced in the animals. Dynamic changes in the expression of osteopontin were observed at week 6. The expression increased, peaked at week 10 (P < 0.01), and then gradually decreased. Positive correlations between osteopontin expression and @entity3113 (r = 0.720, P < 0.01), @entity641 (r = 0.905, P < 0.01), @entity738 formation (r = 0.875, P < 0.01), and degree of @entity1575 (r = 0.858, P < 0.01) were also observed. CONCLUSION: Osteopontin may play an important role in schistosomal hepatopathology and may promote @entity738 formation and @entity1575 through an unexplored mechanism.

title: Osteopontin expression is associated with hepatopathologic changes in XXXX infected @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b1']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of containment as an effective approach to reduce the risk of femoral @entity85 has been questioned because modest results have been achieved after nonoperative and operative treatments for severely involved @entity2444 . Several reports have shown the limited effectiveness of some conventional single procedures. However, there is limited data on the effectiveness of combined procedures. METHODS: The surgical group comprised 77 @entity1 (mean age 8.3 y) and involved 79 hips. The average follow-up term was 9.5 years. Sixty-five @entity1 were unilaterally involved and 12 @entity1 were bilaterally involved (although 10 of the latter @entity1 only received surgery on 1 hip). Among @entity1 , 28 hips were classified as Herring class B/C border (>8 y old) and 51 hips were Herring class C. The 79 hips were divided into 2 treatment groups for further analysis: group 1, single procedures (femoral varus osteotomy) (n=47); group 2, combined procedures [femoral varus osteotomy+Dega (Pemberton) osteotomy] (n=32). RESULTS: Using Stulberg classification I and II (acceptable outcome), the final outcome was statistically significant for group 2 (21 hips, 65.6%) compared with group 1 (18 hips, 38.3%) (P=0.031). The average remodeling efficacy, defined as the change in caput index between preoperation and postoperation, was better in group 2 (12.7%) than in group 1 (3.9%) (P=0.005). The acetabulum-head index and a-angle were also statistically significant in group 2 than in group 1 at the last follow-up. Clinical evaluations were statistically significant in group 2 compared with group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Both clinically and radiologically, the combined procedure group demonstrated significantly better outcomes with accelerated remodeling in both the severely affected femoral heads and the acetabula compared with the single procedure group. With this procedure, we anticipate the increased likelihood of preventing or delaying @entity570 in adulthood. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-therapeutic study.

title: Single Versus Combined Procedures for Severely Involved XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ['Legg-Calv  -Perthes disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['head deformity']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['coxarthroses']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Legg-Calv  -Perthes Disease']


abstract: In order to understand the role of the postmortem interval (PMI) on endothelial cell changes both in @entity1 and @entity95 aortas, we have examined the ultrastructural cytomorphologic alterations of these cells. @entity1 aorta (HA) and @entity95 aorta (RA) were maintained in @entity460 -free, @entity413 -supplemented Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). @entity95 endothelial cells (REC) on the aorta (organ culture) assayed morphologically survive for at least 12 h in culture solution. The predominant morphological change in the RA was the formation of multiple subendothelial vacuoles (SEV). These vacuoles may form as the results of increased permeability of endothelial cells to ions and fluid or cell contraction. Cell to cell connection remained intact. Individual and dispersed endothelial cells were observed 8 h after removal from the animal when incubated in @entity460 -free HBSS. These @entity39 endothelial cells were scattered among viable endothelial cells. @entity1 aortic endothelial cells were also well preserved in the same media for periods of 6-8 h postmortem. Increased extracellular @entity460 (1.3 mM) in the incubation media caused accelerated cell death. These findings suggest that aortic endothelial cells can be preserved for longer periods of postmortem time than would be expected and that the use of @entity460 -free HBSS media supplemented with @entity413 improves endothelial cell viability in vitro.

title: Postmortem viability and early changes in organ culture of XXXX and @entity95 aortic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoid (GC) withdrawal after a short-term use was common in clinical practice like immediate post-transplant period. However, previous studies without setting age-control group failed to determine whether the BMD recovery was sufficient and whether it is necessary to accept anti- @entity170 therapy after GC withdrawal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GC @entity79 in glucocorticoid-induced @entity170 (GIOP) @entity35 . Twenty-four female @entity35 (3 months' old) were randomly divided into two treatment groups: an untreated age-control group (Con, n  =  12); another group receiving a @entity619 injection (DEXA, n  =  12). Animals in the Con group were euthanized at 3rd month (M3) and 6th month (M6), respectively. Six @entity35 in the DEXA group were euthanized at 3rd month (M3), whereas GC intervention was withdrew in the remaining animals of DEXA group, which were euthanized at the end of 6th month (M6). Bone mass, bone microarchitecture, biomechanical properties of vertebrae, morphology, serum levels of PINP and b-CTX were evaluated. Compared with the Con(M3) group, the Con(M6) group showed significantly better bone quantity, morphology and quality. Compared with the Con(M3) group, the DEXA (M3) group showed significantly lower BMC, BMD, @entity10673 /TV, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, vBMD, bone strength, compressive displacement, energy absorption capacity, PINP levels, b-CTX levels, and damaged trabecular morphology. And the same change trend was observed in the comparison between the Con(M6) group and DEXA (M6) group. Compared with the DEXA (M3) group, the DEXA (M6) group showed significantly higher BMC, BMD and AREA, but no significant difference in @entity10673 /TV, BV/TV, SMI, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, vBMD, bone strength, bone stiffness, compressive displacement, energy absorption capacity, PINP levels, b-CTX levels, and improvement in trabecular morphology was observed. These results indicate that the reverse effect of GC withdrawal for 3 months on @entity79 in GIOP @entity35 was insufficient, which implied that related anti- @entity170 treatment might be still necessitated after GC withdrawal in clinical setting.

title: Effect of glucocorticoid withdrawal on glucocorticoid inducing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone impairment', 'withdrawal on bone impairment']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone impairment']


abstract: Cytokines, essential mediators of inflammatory and immune responses, play an important role in the pathophysiological processes associated with @entity9 following @entity1897 . Recently, a novel proinflammatory cytokine, the @entity636 , was found to orchestrate inflammatory responses in a wide range of inflammatory and @entity10469 . Here, we investigated the role of @entity636 in mediating neuroinflammation and pain @entity56 using the @entity9 model of partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in @entity19 . Compared to wild-type, @entity636 knockout (KO) @entity19 displayed significantly decreased mechanical pain @entity56 as well as decreased infiltration of T cells and macrophages to the injured sciatic nerves and the L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia and decreased activation of microglia and astrocytes in the L3-5 dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord. Further, intraplantar and intraneural injection of recombinant @entity636 into the hind paw and the sciatic nerve, respectively, induced both mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1931 , whereas intrathecal injection produced @entity1931 . @entity636 administration was associated with a significant increase in the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and activated dendritic cells in the injected hind paws and infiltrating neutrophils in the injected sciatic nerves. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity636 contributes to the regulation of immune cell infiltration and glial activation after @entity1897 and the ensuing @entity9 . PERSPECTIVE: @entity636 is an important regulator of immune responses and is involved in inducing and mediating proinflammatory reactions. Using @entity636 KO @entity19 , we have demonstrated that @entity636 contributes to neuroinflammatory responses and pain @entity56 following @entity130 . This work identifies @entity636 as a potential therapeutic target in @entity9 .

title: Interleukin-17 contributes to neuroinflammation and @entity9 following XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic injury']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: 1. Intracellular electrophysiological techniques were employed to investigate the effects of nicotinic receptor stimulation on @entity35 dorsolateral septal nucleus (DLSN) neurones in a submerged @entity35 brain slice preparation. 2. @entity934 (in the presence of the muscarinic antagonist, @entity3897 ), @entity1239 or @entity6958 ( @entity6958 ), applied either by pressure ejection or superfusion, produced predominantly a membrane potential hyperpolarization. 3. Following concentration-response comparisons, @entity6958 appeared to exhibit fewer desensitizing properties and greater efficacy than @entity1239 with half-maximal hyperpolarizing responses attainable at 3 and 10 microM, respectively. 4. Pharmacological analyses revealed that the agonist-induced membrane hyperpolarization was sensitive to antagonism by @entity6959 (50-100 microM) and neuronal bungarotoxin (0.2-0.3 microM), but not alpha-bungarotoxin (0.5-1.0 microM), curare (10-50 microM) or @entity6325 (50-100 microM). 5. Hyperpolarizing responses to @entity6958 were found to reverse near the equilibrium potential for @entity972 and were sensitive to changes in extracellular @entity972 concentration as predicted by the Nernst equation. Under single-electrode voltage clamp, application of @entity6958 produced an outward current (75-100 pA) which approached reversal at around -88 mV. These findings indicated that the hyperpolarizing response to nicotinic receptor stimulation was mediated by changes in membrane permeability to @entity972 . 6. @entity6958 -induced membrane hyperpolarization resulted from a direct action on postsynaptic DLSN neurones since the response persisted under conditions of superfusion with @entity460 -free/high-magnesium media or @entity1022 ; both conditions blocked orthodromically induced neurotransmission. The hyperpolarizing response remained unaltered in @entity4524 but was diminished in @entity460 -free/high- @entity1760 media. Further studies revealed blockade of the @entity6958 response following intracellular injection of EGTA. This response was also sensitive to antagonism by various @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channel blockers including apamin, @entity9666 and @entity5128 . 7. Our studies reveal a novel class of CNS nicotinic receptor whose action upon stimulation by an agonist results in a membrane hyperpolarization via a @entity460 -dependent increase in @entity972 ion conductance.

title: Pharmacology of nicotinic receptor-mediated inhibition in XXXX dorsolateral septal neurones.

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity6958 :: ('MESH:D004246', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylphenylpiperazinium', 'DMPP']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The two-hit theory of multiple @entity881 proposes that an initial insult primes the host for an altered response to subsequent stimuli. We have previously documented enhanced dilator tone in the small intestine after a two-hit insult; however, the effects on vasoconstrictor function are unknown. We postulated that prior @entity548 and resuscitation followed by @entity2259 would alter microvascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic stimulation. METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent fixed-volume @entity548 with resuscitation (H/R) or sham procedure (Sham). At 24 or 72 h, in vivo videomicroscopy of the small intestine was performed (inflow A1 and premucosal A3 arterioles). Constrictor function was assessed by topical application of @entity1063 (NE; 10(-8)-10(-6) M) before and 1 h after intravenous @entity526 or saline. RESULTS: Sham, 24 or 72 h H/R, and @entity526 alone produced no significant changes in A1 or A3 response to NE. Sequential H/R + @entity526 resulted in decreased constrictor response in both A1 (72 h H/R + @entity526 -38% from baseline vs Sham - 54%, P < 0.05) and A3 arterioles (-8% vs -51%, P < 0.05) at high doses of NE (10(-6) M). CONCLUSIONS: Prior H/R primes the intestinal microvasculature for an altered response during a subsequent stress and these effects persist for up to 72 h following H/R. Sequential insults in this two-hit model caused marked @entity6306 to NE. These alterations in control of microvascular tone might contribute to the hemodynamic compromise of @entity295 , impair mucosal blood flow, and contribute to the development of @entity881 .

title: Decreased alpha-adrenergic response in the intestinal microcirculation after "two-hit" XXXX /resuscitation and @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Data mining has the potential to provide information for improving clinical acupuncture strategies by uncovering hidden rules between acupuncture manipulation and therapeutic effects in a data set. In this study, we performed acupuncture on 30 @entity1 with @entity1158 due to acute @entity385 . All @entity1 were pre-screened to ensure that they exhibited immediate responses to acupuncture. We used a twirling reinforcing acupuncture manipulation at the specific lines between the bilateral Baihui (GV20) and Taiyang (EX-HN5). We collected neurologic deficit score, simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment score, muscle strength of the proximal and distal hemiplegic limbs, ratio of the maximal H-reflex to the maximal M-wave (Hmax/Mmax), muscle tension at baseline and immediately after treatment, and the syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine at baseline. We then conducted data mining using an association algorithm and an artificial @entity1274 algorithm. We found that the twirling reinforcing manipulation had no obvious therapeutic difference in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of " @entity942 ". The change in the muscle strength of the upper distal and lower proximal limbs was one of the main factors affecting the immediate change in Fugl-Meyer scores. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between the muscle tension change of the upper limb and Hmax/Mmax immediate change, and both positive and negative correlations existed between the muscle tension change of the lower limb and immediate Hmax/Mmax change. Additionally, when the difference value of muscle tension for the upper and lower limbs was > 0 or < 0, the difference value of Hmax/Mmax was correspondingly positive or negative, indicating the scalp acupuncture has a bidirectional effect on muscle tension in hemiplegic limbs. Therefore, acupuncture with twirling reinforcing manipulation has distinct effects on acute @entity385 @entity1 with different symptoms or stages of disease. Improved muscle tension in the upper and lower limbs, reflected by the variation in the Hmax/Mmax ratio, is crucial for recovery of motor function from @entity1158 .

title: Immediate effects of scalp acupuncture with twirling reinforcing manipulation on @entity1158 following acute XXXX : a hidden association study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network backpropagation']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiency and Excess']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity23042 , produced in the hypothalamus, acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate release of the gonadotropins LH and FSH. Reduced responsiveness of gonadotropes to @entity23042 is a primary cause of @entity6126 ( @entity6126 ), a disease characterized by @entity10844 and low blood levels of gonadotropins. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the receptor for @entity23042 ( @entity23042 ) are a common cause of @entity6126 . Sequencing of the @entity23042 gene in @entity1 with @entity6126 revealed mainly point mutations producing single @entity535 substitutions that cause misfolding and misrouting of this G protein-coupled receptor. To generate a @entity19 model that mimics the @entity1 disease, we introduced a single @entity535 substitution ( @entity34703 ) into the @entity19 @entity12103 gene, which is identical to a known @entity1 recessive mutation. In @entity1 , @entity34703 causes severe @entity6126 by preventing formation of the E90-K121 salt bridge, which is essential for correct folding. In cell cultures, @entity34703 causes misfolding that leads to almost complete retention by the protein quality control system and subsequent degradation. Here we report that the primary phenotype of @entity19 homozygous for @entity34703 is female infertility due to @entity177 . Mutant males are fertile despite reduced gonadotropin levels and smaller testes. These results suggest decreased @entity23042 receptor signaling in the mutant animal, compared with wild type. Our findings suggest that a threshold level of @entity23042 receptor activity is required for ovulation.

title: @entity19 harboring @entity12103 @entity34703 , a mutation that causes protein misfolding and XXXX in @entity1 , exhibit testis size reduction and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity34703 :: ('p|SUB|E|90|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E90K']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ovulation failure']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early excision and grafting (E_G) of burn wounds has been reported to decrease hospital stay, hospital costs and septic complications, and some purport reduced mortality while decreasing hospital costs. In today's practice, all burn wounds unlikely to achieve spontaneous closure within 3 weeks are excised and grafted. Early studies did not demonstrate dramatic differences in cosmetic or functional results. This is particularly true with burns of the face, hands and feet. In this study, early excision and skin grafting was compared with delayed skin grafting in @entity4808 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2006 to February 2008, 50 @entity1 with hand burns and average burn size less than 30% total body surface area (TBSA) deep second- and third-degree were randomly divided into early E_G group (group I) and delayed grafting group (group II). Gradual and careful limb and digit range of motion was started on about 10th-14th postoperative day. We used a questionnaire based on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire to evaluate final functional outcome. Further, @entity2805 formation, @entity1159 and @entity85 were followed and managed accordingly. RESULTS: The most common site of involvement was the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with frequency of 39% and 40% in groups I and II, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding deformity severity, @entity2318 formation, sensation, major activities and overall satisfaction. DISCUSSION: In treating burns of the hand, the primary goal should always be to restore the functionality of the hand. Although early surgery shortens the healing time and lessens the hospital stay, our results did not show any significant difference between these two methods regarding the function, @entity2318 formation, daily activity limitation and overall satisfaction.

title: Early excision and skin grafting versus delayed skin grafting in XXXX (a randomised clinical controlled trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['deep hand burns']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['deep hand burns']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There has been a global push towards the earlier diagnosis of @entity303 , but there is little understanding of the transitions along the assessment and diagnostic pathway from the perspective of @entity1 affected by @entity2414 , @entity73 and early @entity303 . This study explores the experience of the assessment and diagnostic pathway for @entity1 with @entity73 and their family carers. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 27 @entity1 with @entity73 and 26 carers (20 dyads) using four memory services before and after diagnosis disclosure were conducted. Interview transcripts were subject to constant comparative analysis and interpretations subject to discussion at regular 'analysis clinics'. RESULTS: Twelve sub-themes were identified along four points on the assessment journey. Feelings of @entity911 , uncertainty and @entity148 over interminable waiting times dominated. @entity1 often felt without support to manage their uncertainties, emotions and did not know where to turn for support. Some were highly critical of the systemic process of assessment and diagnosis disclosure but were generally positive of the practice of individual professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Service providers should review the process of assessment and diagnosis disclosure for @entity1 with @entity73 and their carers. They should develop a process that is @entity1 centred and accommodates the individualised preferences. The development of service systems to provide continuous relevant information and clarity to service users needs to involve all stakeholders, including @entity1 with @entity73 and their carers.

title: Negotiating a labyrinth: experiences of assessment and diagnostic journey in XXXX and @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reported outcomes are valuable for the management of @entity102 diseases like @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but no measures have been validated for use in US-based @entity1 with @entity1252 . OBJECTIVES: To adapt and assess the validity and reliability of an @entity1252 -specific quality of life (QoL) measure developed in the United Kingdom, the LupusQoL, for use in US-based @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Debriefing interviews of subjects with @entity1252 guided the language modifications of the tool. The LupusQoL-US, SF-36 and EQ5D were administered. Internal consistency (ICR) and test-retest (TRT) reliability, convergent and discriminative validity were examined. Factor analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 185 subjects with @entity1252 was 42.5 (12.9) years. ICR and TRT of the eight domains ranged from 0.85 to 0.94 and 0.68 to 0.92, respectively. Related domains on the SF-36 correlated with the LupusQoL domains (physical health and physical function r = 0.73, physical health and role physical r = 0.57, emotional health and mental health r = 0.72, emotional health and role emotional r = 0.48, @entity158 and @entity158 r = 0.66, fatigue and vitality r = 0.70, planning and social functioning r = 0.58). Most LupusQoL-US domains could discriminate between subjects with varied disease activity and damage. Principal component analysis disclosed five factors in the US version, with physical function, @entity158 loading on one factor. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence to support the psychometric properties of the LupusQoL-US, suggesting its utility as an assessment tool for @entity1 with @entity1252 in the USA.

title: Lupus-specific health outcome measure for US XXXX : the LupusQoL-US version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and planning items', 'bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systematic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ), as part of the microangiopathic complex, affects @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the peripheral or the axial skeleton in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three study groups were examined. Group 1 comprised 21 males with type 1 @entity6 and severe @entity1897 with a mean (range) duration of @entity6 of 28 (9-59) years and an @entity4051 c of 8.2% (6.3-10.4). Group 2 comprised 21 male type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with absent or mild @entity1897 matched to @entity1 of group 1 regarding age, weight, and duration of @entity6 . Group 3 comprised 21 control subjects. @entity79 was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus. @entity1897 was determined by biothesiometry. Levels of physical activity were assessed through guided questionnaires. RESULTS: In group 1, @entity79 was significantly reduced at all measured sites, compared with an expected Z score of 0 (spine, -1.01 +/- 0.34; femur, -0.94 +/- 0.25; forearm, -1.10 +/- 0.36). To a lesser extent, but still significantly, group 2 also showed reduced @entity79 values (spine, -0.60 +/- 0.26; femur, -0.55 +/- 0.25; forearm, -1.05 +/- 0.36), whereas group 3 had normal @entity79 values (-0.23 +/- 0.25, -0.10 +/- 0.21, -0.07 +/- 0.25, respectively). Group 1 had lower mean @entity79 levels than group 2 and group 3 at all measured sites, but a significant difference was found only between groups 1 and 3 at the site of the femur (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcaneus was significantly reduced in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (108 +/- 3 vs. 115 +/- 2 and 115 +/- 2). Significant correlations between all DEXA measurements and BUA were demonstrated in both groups 1 and 2 (r values between 0.54 and 0.75). No significant differences in physical activity levels or body composition were demonstrated between the two @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , @entity1897 may be an independent risk factor for reduced @entity79 in the affected limbs as well as in the skeleton in general.

title: Impact of @entity1897 on bone density in XXXX with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/AIMS: Corneal perforation can be potentially blinding unless the integrity of the globe is restored quickly. Although penetrating keratoplasty (PK) may achieve this, it carries a high risk of endothelial rejection in inflamed eyes. @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) may be an alternative option to PK in such eyes owing to its potential for a lower incidence of rejection. We report the efficacy of @entity9762 in @entity1 with @entity1035 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Four @entity1 underwent layer-by-layer @entity9762 for noninfective corneal perforation, after measures such as the use of a bandage contact lens, tissue adhesive, and conjunctival pedicle flap had failed. The preoperative visual acuity was hand movements in one @entity1 , 1/60 in two, and 6/60 in one. All four had iris @entity1035 . SF6 gas (three @entity1 ) and air (one @entity1 ) were injected into the anterior chamber at the end of surgery. RESULTS: The integrity of the globe was restored in all four @entity1 with an improvement in visual acuity (6/60 in one and 6/36 or better in three). The mean follow-up time was 7 months. All four @entity1 had clear corneas 3 months postoperatively, apart from the area of the original perforation. There was no recurrence of @entity1066 or perforation. CONCLUSION: @entity9762 is a safe and effective therapeutic measure in the management of @entity1 with @entity1035 acting to preserve the integrity of the globe and restore vision.

title: Therapeutic deep lamellar keratoplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['Deep lamellar keratoplasty', 'DLK']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforations', 'incarcerated within the corneal perforations']

answer: @entity1035 :: (MESH:D057112,Disease) :: ['corneal perforations']


abstract: The ectoparasitic harpacticoid copepod, Balaenophilus manatorum (Ort  z, Lalana and Torres, 1992) (syn. Balaenophilus umigamecolus Ogawa, Matsuzaki and Misaki, 1997), has been reported on 3 species of marine turtles from the Pacific and the Mediterranean and from the @entity27414 off Cuba in the Caribbean. The 3 available descriptions of this species were made using light microscopy. In this paper, we provide an amended description of B. manatorum using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) for specimens in the collection from which B. umigamecolus was originally described. This material was collected from 1 @entity23116 sea turtle, @entity23116 , from Japan. The use of @entity4653 allowed us to add several new microcharacters to the original description but, more importantly, allowed us to correct a number of the traits originally described. Some of the corrections could affect the interpretation of putative homology and variability of characters among populations of B. manatorum. A @entity4653 comparison of specimens of B. manatorum from @entity23116 from Japan and the western Mediterranean suggested the existence of morphological stasis between these populations. However, there were apparent meristic differences with a recently published description of this species from olive ridleys, @entity27415 , in Mexico. Although B. manatorum is currently considered as a single, widespread taxon, the possibility that it actually represents a species complex deserves further attention.

title: Balaenophilus manatorum (Ort  z, Lalana and Torres, 1992) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from XXXX sea turtles, @entity23116 , from Japan and the western Mediterranean: amended description and geographical comparison.

entities_list: @entity27414 :: ('9778', 'Species') :: ['West Indian manatee']

entities_list: @entity27415 :: ('27788', 'Species') :: ['Lepidochelys olivacea']

entities_list: @entity23116 :: ('8467', 'Species') :: ['loggerhead', 'Caretta caretta', 'loggerheads']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electronic microscopy']

answer: @entity23116 :: (8467,Species) :: ['loggerhead']


abstract: Few controlled trials compared second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) regarding relapse prevention in @entity161 . We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized trials, lasting    6 months comparing SGAs with FGAs in @entity161 . Primary outcome was study-defined relapse; secondary outcomes included relapse at 3, 6 and 12 months; treatment failure; hospitalization; and dropout owing to any cause, non-adherence and intolerability. Pooled relative risk (RR) (  95% confidence intervals (CIs)) was calculated using random-effects model, with numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) calculations where appropriate. Across 23 studies (n=4504, mean duration=61.9  22.4 weeks), none of the individual SGAs outperformed FGAs (mainly @entity1767 ) regarding study-defined relapse, except for isolated, single trial-based superiority, and except for @entity1090 's superiority at 3 and 6 months when requiring >= 3 trials. Grouped together, however, SGAs prevented relapse more than FGAs (29.0 versus 37.5%, RR=0.80, CI: 0.70-0.91, P=0.0007, I(2)=37%; NNT=17, CI: 10-50, P=0.003). SGAs were also superior regarding relapse at 3, 6 and 12 months (P=0.04, P<0.0001, P=0.0001), treatment failure (P=0.003) and hospitalization (P=0.004). SGAs showed trend-level superiority for dropout owing to intolerability (P=0.05). Superiority of SGAs regarding relapse was modest (NNT=17), but confirmed in double-blind trials, first- and multi-episode @entity1 , using preferentially or exclusively raw or estimated relapse rates, and for different @entity1767 equivalent comparator doses. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias. The relevance of the somewhat greater efficacy of SGAs over FGAs on several key outcomes depends on whether SGAs form a meaningful group and whether mid- or low-potency FGAs differ from @entity1767 . Regardless, treatment selection needs to be individualized considering @entity1 - and medication-related factors.

title: Relapse prevention in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of second-generation antipsychotics versus first-generation antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Studies have documented that nurses and other health care professionals are inadequately prepared to care for @entity1 in @entity1118 . Several reasons have been identified including inadequacies in nursing education, absence of curriculum content related to @entity158 management, and attitudes and beliefs related to @entity1118 . AIMS: The objective of this paper was to assess the @entity1118 and beliefs among nursing professionals in order to evaluate the biomedical and behavioral dimensions of their perceptions on @entity158 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of 363 nurses in a multispecialty hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study utilized a self-report questionnaire - @entity158 attitudes and beliefs scale (PABS) - which had 31 items (statements about @entity158 ) for each of which the @entity1 had to indicate the level at which he or she agreed or disagreed with each statement. Factor 1 score indicated a biomedical dimension while @entity8876 score indicated a behavioral dimension to @entity158 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparisons across individual and professional variables for both dimensions were done using one-way ANOVA and correlations were done using the Karl-Pearson co-efficient using SPSS version 11.5 for Windows. RESULTS: The overall factor 1 score was 52.95    10.23 and @entity8876 score was 20.93    4.72 (P = 0.00). The female nurses had a higher behavioral dimension score (21.1    4.81) than their male counterparts (19.55    3.67) which was significant at P < 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses had a greater orientation toward the biomedical dimension of @entity1118 than the behavioral dimension. This difference was more pronounced in female nurses and those nurses who reported very "good" general health had higher behavioral dimension scores than those who had good general health. The study findings have important curricular implications for nurses and practical implications in palliative care.

title: Attitudes and Beliefs About XXXX Among Nurses-Biomedical or Behavioral? A Cross-sectional Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'chronic pain-related attitudes']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: Ovariectomy of adult female @entity35 (200-230g) resulted in an increase in beta-adrenergic receptors in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary had the largest overall increase as well as the most rapid increase in beta-adrenergic receptor density of the tissues examined. The increase in hypothalamic or cerebral cortical beta-adrenergic receptors became apparent only long after ovariectomy (7-14 days). Fourteen days after ovariectomy, the density of beta-adrenergic receptors was 79%, 40%, and 24% in excess of control values in crude membranes prepared from anterior pituitary, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, respectively. Over the same interval, the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) increased 28-fold, while the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) rose 5-fold compared to control levels. @entity53 replacement (20 micrograms/kg/day) in these animals for four days before sacrifice concomitantly reduced plasma levels of the gonadotropins as well as the density of beta-adrenergic receptors in both the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus. Long-term @entity134 replacement during the fifth and sixth week after ovariectomy, with implants of @entity53 and @entity1420 which released the @entity230 in approximately physiological concentrations, significantly reduced beta-adrenergic density in anterior pituitary, but not in the hypothalamic membranes. This treatment significantly reduced plasma LH, but not FSH. Beta-adrenergic receptor density was also found to fluctuate significantly during the 4-day estrous cycle. The highest values were found on proestrus, and the lowest on diestrus 1. These studies indicate that changes in plasma concentrations of gonadal @entity230 (e.g. during the estrous cycle) influence the density of beta-adrenergic receptors in tissues involved in the control and release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins.

title: Regulation of anterior pituitary and brain beta-adrenergic receptors by ovarian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: One of the standard treatments for metastatic @entity1149 @entity1 is the combination of @entity900 plus @entity1206 . This regimen is associated with a high rate of severe @entity1398 , and a hemogram is therefore routinely performed on day 8 before the administration of @entity1206 . However, no study has ever examined the rate of @entity1398 detected in this hemogram or the rate of discontinuation of chemotherapy as a result. Since one of the objectives in the treatment of advanced @entity2 is to maintain quality of life, we have retrospectively analyzed a Spanish @entity2 Group study of @entity900 plus @entity1206 to address the question of whether this hemogram on day 8 could be avoided, thus eliminating unnecessary venipunctures without endangering @entity1 safety. Between April 2004 and January 2006, 180 chemotherapy-na  ve, advanced NSCLC @entity1 were included from 35 centers. They received intravenous doses of @entity900 75mg/m(2) on day 1 plus @entity1206 25mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks, for a maximum of six cycles. Median age was 62.5 years; 87.2% were males; 80.6% were smokers; 48.2% were @entity420 and 36% were @entity957 ; 17.2% were stage IIIB and 82.8% stage IV. Of 750 cycles analyzed, @entity1206 was administered on day 8 in 661 (88.1%), and the dose was reduced or canceled in 15 (2%) due to hematological @entity137 . Among @entity1 aged<70 with no dose modification in previous cycles, the likelihood of observing hematological @entity137 at day 8 was only 0.8% (95% CI, 0.1-3%). We speculate that the hemogram on day 8 could potentially be avoided in this subgroup of @entity1 while still maintaining an acceptable safety margin. Prospective clinical studies to further examine this hypothesis are warranted.

title: @entity900 plus XXXX as first-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 : Is a hemogram on day 8 essential?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) and spatial orientation and motion @entity132 occur in 70-80% of astronauts. @entity1 select "rest frames" to create the subjective sense of spatial orientation. In microgravity, the astronaut's rest frame may be based on visual scene polarity cues and on the internal head and body z axis (vertical body axis). The data reported here address the following question: Can an astronaut's orientation rest frame be related and described by other variables including circular vection response latencies and space motion @entity2704 ? The astronaut's microgravity spatial orientation rest frames were determined from inflight and postflight verbal reports. Circular vection responses were elicited by rotating a virtual room continuously at 35 degrees/s in pitch, roll and yaw with respect to the astronaut. Latency to the onset of vection was recorded from the time the crew member opened their eyes to the onset of vection. The astronauts who used visual cues exhibited significantly shorter vection latencies than those who used internal z axis cues. A negative binomial regression model was used to represent the observed total @entity3626 symptom scores for each subject for each flight day. Orientation reference type had a significant effect, resulting in an estimated three-fold increase in the expected motion @entity2704 score on flight day 1 for astronauts who used visual cues. The results demonstrate meaningful classification of astronauts' rest frames and their relationships to sensitivity to circular vection and @entity3626 . Thus, it may be possible to use vection latencies to predict @entity3626 severity and duration.

title: Relationship between selected orientation rest frame, circular vection and space motion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'Space motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['perception disturbances']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['sickness']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Does cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) improve resuscitation rates and limit @entity1188 size after @entity1167 and @entity583 ? DESIGN: Controlled randomized trial with all animals undergoing left anterior descending @entity1563 and subsequent @entity2224 and resuscitation. All animals were supported for four hours after resuscitation in an intensive care setting. INTERVENTION: Group 1 (eight) was resuscitated with standard external CPR and advanced life support. Group 2 (eight) was resuscitated with CPB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Group hemodynamic, resuscitation variables, number resuscitated, and number of four-hour survivors were compared. Ischemic and @entity39 myocardial weights were determined with histochemical staining techniques in four-hour survivors. @entity1188 size was measured as the ratio of @entity39 weight to @entity63 weight. Significantly fewer @entity235 were resuscitated in group 1 (four of eight) than in group 2 (eight of eight) (P less than .05). Group 2 survivors required significantly less @entity1425 and @entity3303 than group 1 survivors (P less than .05) and higher aortic diastolic and coronary perfusion pressures after CPB (P less than .001). The ratio of @entity296 weight to @entity63 weight at four hours was 0.82 +/- 0.25 in group 1 and 0.22 +/- 0.25 in group 2 (P less than .05). However, collateral blood flow was not measured in this study. CONCLUSION: This pilot study further substantiates the improvement in resuscitation rates obtainable with CPB. CPB may also limit @entity1188 size during the postresuscitation period and requires further study.

title: Improved survival and reduced @entity296 with cardiopulmonary bypass reperfusion in a @entity235 model of @entity1563 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrotic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiology of @entity573 in Icelandic @entity1 and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all cases of @entity573 and atypical @entity573 in @entity1 in Iceland from 1996-2005. Chart records were reviewed and @entity1 diagnosed at Landsp  tali - University Hospital invited for a Follow up study with emphasis on @entity299 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity573 , annual incidence was 10.7/100.000 @entity1 <5 years of age. The @entity1 : @entity1 ratio was 2.3:1. All 30 @entity1 were treated with IVIG, without any major adverse events related to the treatment. The median time from the initial symptoms to treatment was six days (range 3-31 days). There was no mortality. Two @entity1 developed @entity574 and three @entity301 . Follow up echocardiography was preformed in 23 of the @entity1 four to twelve years after @entity573 . Two of the @entity1 still had @entity301 , and six (26%) had @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity573 in Iceland was comparable to an earlier Icelandic study and reported incidence in the Nordic countries. Coronary involvement during the acute phase was mild, and all coronary aneurysm regressed. Serious @entity299 were not seen. @entity1 with @entity573 in Iceland have favorable prognosis. Interestingly, mild @entity339 and @entity301 were common at mid-term follow up.

title: [ XXXX in Iceland 1996-2005, epidemiology and complications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'Children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ectasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart complications', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysms']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evauluate the relationship between @entity19721 ( @entity19721 ) and @entity296 . STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively compared clinical and metabolic results of @entity1 with @entity19721 with and without @entity296 . RESULTS: Of 26 @entity1 with @entity19721 who survived the first year of age, a @entity384 developed in 6 (group 1) at a median age of 7 years (range, 5-11 years). They were compared with 14 @entity1 without @entity296 for whom data were available (group 2). Their median age at the time of the study was 11 years (range, 3-21 years). @entity19721 was diagnosed in the neonatal period in 5 of 6 @entity1 in group 1 and 11 of 14 @entity1 in group 2. All @entity1 received similar medical treatment. Two @entity1 in group 1 died of @entity1167 . In 2 @entity1 , the @entity296 was reversed during the year after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In 2 other @entity1 , OLT was contraindicated because of severe @entity299 . The number of metabolic distress episodes was similar in both groups. Excretion of @entity4919 metabolites in urine did not correlate with the occurrence of @entity296 . CONCLUSION: @entity384 , a frequent complication of @entity19721 , develops independent of any specific metabolic profile and is reversible after OLT.

title: XXXX in @entity19721 are reversible after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity19721 :: ('MESH:D056693', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'propionic acidemia']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathies']


abstract: Clinical detection of free flap failure lacks sensitivity. Failure is likely accompanied by altered gene expression; however, a genomic approach that identifies potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets has not been described. This study identifies genetic RNA expression alterations via microarray in a free flap failure animal model. A free tissue transfer @entity35 model based on the inferior epigastric vessels was utilized. After microscopic @entity254 , the vein was occluded and RNA extracted from flap tissue of failure and control groups. Gene expression of 3 experimental and control group samples was assessed with the Affymetrix GeneChip @entity35 230 v2.0 microarray. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on RNA of genes identified on an additional 6 experimental and 7 control group flaps. Eight hundred ninety of 28,000 genes had greater than 2-fold expression differences between experimental and controls. Student t test and 2-way analysis of variance filtering with equal variance identified 53 genes with statistically significant differences. Hierarchical clustering by gene ontology identified 4 genes with likely involvement in failure pathogenesis: RT1 class II, locus Bb, @entity31179 , and @entity22677 . Validation performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed statistically significant expression alterations in locus Bb, platelet/ @entity31180 , and @entity22677 of the failure group. Utilizing expression thresholds for test positivity, @entity432 was predicted with 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Three highly sensitive and specific novel genes predictive of flap failure from @entity432 were identified with altered expression in an animal model.

title: Expression microarray identifies novel markers of free flap failure in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31180 :: ('300519(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial cell adhesion molecule']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity31179 :: ('84402(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['secreted frizzled-related protein 1, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity6625 carboxylase from liver exhibits a linear inverse relationship between the ratio of enzymic activities at 0 and 2 mM @entity1792 and the extent of phosphorylation by its kinase, and this @entity1792 activity ratio method was used to examine the effect of nutritional conditions on the phosphorylation state of the enzyme. This method showed that the calculated phosphorylation state, being the extent of phosphorylation at sites accessible to carboxylase kinase, was highest in the livers of starved @entity35 , lower in those fed normally, and lower still in starved @entity35 which had been refed for 48 h on a fat-free diet. The actual values were 0.44, 0.26, and 0 mol of P/subunit, respectively, provided that liver samples were frozen rapidly to liquid @entity1568 temperatures and extracted with stopping buffers at temperatures well below freezing. Normal homogenization with stopping buffers (containing inhibitors for protein kinases and phosphatases) resulted in much higher calculated phosphorylation states. The effect of nutritional conditions on the phosphorylation state as estimated reported above was confirmed by purifying the carboxylase from livers of @entity35 , measuring the amount of @entity1391 which could be incorporated by carboxylase kinase, and comparing this with the phosphorylation state calculated from the @entity1792 activity ratio method or the specific activity. Furthermore, treatment with protein phosphatase of carboxylase from starved @entity35 resulted in the largest increase in specific activity, that from the starved/refed @entity35 in the least. Finally, the effects of @entity4854 on carboxylase and phosphorylase characteristics in the livers of intact @entity35 were ascertained by taking liver samples and preparing crude extracts by the rapid freezing method described above. @entity4854 caused a rapid increase in the activity of the carboxylase and a rapid decrease in its putative phosphorylation state as measured by the @entity1792 activity ratio method. Phosphorylase was also dephosphorylated, as indicated by a decrease in phosphorylase a activity. We conclude that the @entity1792 activity ratio method is a valid test for the phosphorylation state of @entity6625 carboxylase in crude extracts of tissue.

title: Phosphorylation state of XXXX carboxylase. II. Variation with nutritional condition.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA', 'Acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6625 :: (MESH:D000105,Chemical) :: ['acetyl-coenzyme A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8095 (aSN) is a presynaptic protein with a pathological role in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The mutants @entity20097 , @entity34716 and @entity20098 are involved in @entity191 early-onset forms. aSN is natively unfolded but can self-assemble to oligomers and fibrils and binds anionic membranes in a helical conformation. We study the influence of wild-type (wt) aSN and familial variants on the chain order and thermotropic phase behavior of anionic @entity34717 ( @entity34717 ) bilayers by using electron spin resonance and calorimetry, respectively. The alpha-helical conformation of the proteins in the membrane-bound state is assessed by circular dichroism thermal scans. wt and mutated aSN upon binding to fluid @entity34717 vesicles progressively increase chain order. Lipid:protein molar binding stoichiometries correspond to 50 for @entity20097 , 35-36 for aSN and @entity20098 , 30 for @entity34716 . The temperature range over which the variants assume the a-helical fold correlates directly with the density of proteins on vesicle surfaces. All variants preserve the characteristic chain flexibility gradient and impart motional restriction in the lipid chain. This is evident at the first @entity845 segments and is markedly reduced at the chain termini, disappearing completely for @entity20097 . The proteins slightly reduce @entity34717 main transition temperature, revealing preferential affinity for the fluid phase, and broaden the transition, promoting gel-fluid phase coexistence. The overall results are consistent with protein surface association in which the degree of binding correlates with the degree of folding and perturbation of the membrane bilayer. However, the degree of binding of monomer to membrane does not correlate directly with aSN @entity137 in vivo.

title: XXXX and familial variants affect the chain order and the thermotropic phase behavior of anionic lipid vesicles.

entities_list: @entity34716 :: ('p|SUB|E|46|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E46K']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity34717 :: ('MESH:C002773', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol', 'DMPG']

entities_list: @entity20097 :: ('p|SUB|A|30|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A30P']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity8095 :: (6622,Gene) :: ['Alpha-synuclein']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity244 is an acute, potentially fatal, @entity146 resulting from @entity9138 deficiency. The disorder is still greatly under-diagnosed, and failure to promptly identify and adequately treat the condition can lead to death or to the chronic form of the @entity75 - @entity9137 . @entity244 has traditionally been associated with @entity988 but, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of clinical settings in which the disorder is observed. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who arrived at the emergency room presenting signs of marked @entity1032 , @entity2055 . Main laboratory test findings included low serum @entity1760 and @entity417 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased T2 signal in the supratentorial paraventricular region, the medial regions of the thalamus and the central and periaqueductal midbrain. The diagnosis of @entity244 was made at once and immediate reposition of @entity9138 and @entity1760 was started. The @entity1 had a long history of recurrent thoughts of being overweight, severe self-imposed diet restrictions and self-induced @entity391 . She had also been drinking gin on a daily basis for the last eight years. One day after admittance the acute global confusional state resolved, but she presented severe @entity2414 and confabulation. After six months of outpatient follow-up, @entity2414 remained unaltered. CONCLUSION: In this case, self-imposed long-lasting nutritional deprivation is thought to be the main cause of @entity9138 deficiency and subsequent @entity75 , but adjunct factors, such as @entity1760 depletion and chronic @entity167 misuse, might have played an important role, especially in the development of @entity9137 . The co-morbidity between eating disorders and @entity734 has emerged as a significant health issue for @entity1 , and the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity1278 who also misuse @entity167 is probably at a particular risk of developing @entity9137 . The present case report highlights this relevant issue.

title: @entity1278 and XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition and mental confusion']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['megaloblastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ["Korsakoff's syndrome", 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's encephalopathy"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse disorders']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic gait and ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity9137 :: (MESH:D020915,Disease) :: ['Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome']


abstract: Simple method of venoarterial (V-A) bypass was developed for neonatal ECMO. Technical aspects in the management of our device was shown in this report. The most important technique was to keep the flow of ECMO less than 60-80 ml/min/kg. The low flow circulation less than 80 ml/min/kg made puppies alive under @entity386 experimentally. Clinically we experienced four newborn cases. All cases had severe @entity1576 with AaDO2 above 580 mmHg due to @entity2914 . Two cases of them were able to survive. Other two cases died from @entity932 during ECMO. The oxygenation of all cases was satisfactory under relative low flows. Our simple ECMO circuit was not only easy to operate but also to give @entity16 to blood.

title: [Experimental and clinical study on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for newborn XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['less damage']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: Syrup of ipecac is widely used following accidental drug overdosage in @entity1 . Proof of its efficacy, however, in reducing the risk of @entity4968 is limited. We prospectively studied the effect of early v late induction of @entity391 by ipecac in 50 @entity1 younger than 5 years of age with accidental @entity1443 @entity4968 . The mean estimated ingested dose was 165 mg/kg, and all @entity1 vomited within 15 to 255 (mean 78) minutes postingestion. Although the predicted four-hour plasma @entity1443 concentration was 97 +/- 4 micrograms/mL (mean +/- SEM, calculated on the basis of the estimated ingested dose), the measured four-hour plasma @entity1443 concentration was 34 +/- 5 micrograms/mL (P less than .01). To assess the efficacy of early v late ipecac-induced @entity391 , we used the ratio of measured to predicted four-hour @entity1443 plasma concentration. The ratio of the measured to predicted four-hour level increased as the delay in @entity391 increased (r = .60, P less than .001). Ipecac syrup was administered more promptly when available in the home than when obtained from a pharmacy or a medical facility (26 +/- 8 v 83 +/- 13 minutes postingestion, respectively; P less than .001) and vomiting occurred earlier (49 +/- 9 v 103 +/- 12 minutes postingestion; P less than .01). Although the mean estimated doses ingested were greater in @entity1 who received ipecac syrup at home, their four-hour plasma @entity1443 concentrations were lower. These data suggest that prompt administration of ipecac syrup results in a greater reduction in plasma @entity1443 concentrations in potentially toxic overdosages in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ipecac-induced @entity391 and reduction of plasma concentrations of drugs following accidental overdose in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['time to vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) tightly controls emotional responses to acute aversive stimuli. Repeated stress alters ECS activity but the role played by the ECS in the emotional consequences of repeated stress has not been investigated in detail. This study used social defeat stress, together with pharmacology and genetics to examine the role of @entity14650 ) receptors on repeated stress-induced emotional alterations. Seven daily social defeat sessions increased water (but not food) intake, sucrose preference, @entity148 , cued fear expression, and adrenal weight in C57BL/6 @entity19 . The first and the last social stress sessions triggered immediate brain region-dependent changes in the concentrations of the principal endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Pretreatment before each of the seven stress sessions with the @entity14650 receptor antagonist rimonabant prolonged freezing responses of stressed @entity19 during cued fear recall tests. Repeated social stress abolished the increased fear expression displayed by constitutive @entity14650 receptor-deficient @entity19 . The use of mutant @entity19 lacking @entity14650 receptors from cortical glutamatergic neurons or from GABAergic neurons indicated that it is the absence of the former @entity14650 receptor population that is responsible for the fear responses in socially stressed @entity14650 mutant @entity19 . In addition, stress-induced @entity2166 was amplified by the absence of @entity14650 receptors from GABAergic neurons. Mutant @entity19 lacking @entity14650 receptors from serotonergic neurons displayed a higher @entity148 but decreased cued fear expression than their wild-type controls. These mutant @entity19 failed to show social stress-elicited increased sucrose preference. This study shows that (i) release of endocannabinoids during stress exposure impedes stress-elicited amplification of cued fear behavior, (ii) social stress opposes the increased fear expression and delayed between-session extinction because of the absence of @entity14650 receptors from cortical glutamatergic neurons, and (iii) @entity14650 receptors on central serotonergic neurons are involved in the sweet consumption response to repeated stress.

title: Genetic dissection of the role of cannabinoid type-1 receptors in the emotional consequences of repeated social stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['hypolocomotor reactivity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIMS: The frequency and the effect of @entity167 and illicit drugs on @entity130 , severity and location of @entity204 in motor vehicle collision (MVC) fatalities were investigated. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study based on autopsy and toxicology. SETTINGS: Single faculty accepting referrals from Greater Athens and prefectures. @entity1 : Consecutive pre-hospital and in hospital fatalities. MEASUREMENTS: Demographics, toxicology, @entity130 scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), and location of @entity204 . FINDINGS: Of the 1860 screened subjects, 612 (32.9%) constituted the positive toxicology group (PTG) for @entity167 or illicit drugs or both and the 1248 (67.1%) the negative toxicology group (NTG). The median age was 34 (4-90) years for the PTG and 45 (3-97) years for the NTG. The PTG included significantly higher proportions of males and motorcyclists. The PTG had a 50% increased risk for a severe (AIS >= 3) cervical spine and 85% for a severe @entity130 , compared to the NTG. A total of 29.2% of the PTG and 22.4% of the NTG deaths were non-preventable (ISS=75). The frequency of severe @entity130 (ISS >= 16) was comparable between PTG and NTG (P=0.87). The PTG presented with a median ISS of 43 (6-75) versus 41 (2-75) of the NTG, hence without significant difference (P=0.11). The pre-hospital @entity204 rate was 77.8% for the PTG versus 58% of the NTG (P<0.001). The analysis confirmed that the odds of positive toxicology were considerably higher in the subjects who arrived dead at the hospital (OR 2.62, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the greater Athens region, almost a third of motor vehicle collision-related fatalities involved @entity167 , illicit drugs or both. Individuals screened positive for @entity167 or drugs were 2.6 times more likely to die before hospital admission than those with a negative toxicology screen, despite comparable injury severity. Specific evidence-based management protocols and reassessment of surveillance are required.

title: Motor vehicle collision fatalities involving XXXX and illicit drugs in Greece: the need for management protocols and a reassessment of surveillance.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity injury', 'abbreviated injury', 'trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Despite advocacy by professional nursing organizations, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the response of family members to a visit with an adult @entity1 during a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay. Therefore, the purpose of this RCT was to evaluate the impact of a brief PACU visitation on the @entity148 . The study was conducted in a phase I PACU of a large community-based hospital. Subjects were designated adult family members or significant others of an adult PACU @entity1 who had undergone general anesthesia. A pretest-posttest RCT design was used. The dependent variable was the change in @entity148 scores of the visitor after seeing his or her family member in the PACU. Student t  test (unpaired, two tailed) was used to determine if changes in @entity148 scores (posttest score-pretest score) were different for the PACU visit and no visit groups. A total of 45 @entity1 were studied over a 3-month period, with N=24 randomly assigned to a PACU visit and N=21 assigned to usual care (no PACU visit). @entity1 in the PACU visit group had a statistically significant (P=.0001) decrease in @entity148 after the visitation period (-4.11  6.4); @entity1 in the usual care group (no PACU visit) had an increase in @entity148 (+4.47  6.6). The results from this study support the value and importance of PACU visitation for family members.

title: Postanesthesia care unit visitation decreases family member XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety of family members', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new method for detecting circulating @entity2828 cells using flow cytometry is described. This strategy exploits the nearly universal expression of @entity3778 and the lack of expression of @entity1195 by @entity2828 cells. PROCEDURE: @entity2828 cell line A673, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were stained for @entity3778 and @entity1195 in order to detect @entity3778 + @entity1195 - cells by flow cytometry. Known quantities of A673 @entity2828 cells were spiked into control PBMCs to test the accuracy of this method. Control PBMCs were evaluated to assess the level of background staining. RESULTS: Flow cytometry was accurate at frequencies as low as one A673 cell per 500,000 PBMCs. The background rate of @entity3778 + @entity1195 - cell detection was low in PBMCs from nine healthy volunteers (median 0.0001% of total cells; range 0-0.00046%) and was further reduced by incorporating stains to exclude dead cells, progenitor cells, and monocytes. In one subject with newly diagnosed localized @entity2828 , @entity3778 + @entity1195 - cells were detected in both blood (0.0021%) and bone marrow (0.048%). CONCLUSIONS: Multicolor flow cytometry for @entity3778 + @entity1195 - cells provides a new strategy for detecting circulating @entity2828 cells. Clinical evaluation and validation of this method is ongoing.

title: Flow cytometric detection of XXXX cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma']


abstract: There has been an increasing interest in single @entity535 repeats ever since it was shown that these are the cause of a variety of diseases. Although a systematic study of single @entity535 repeats is challenging, they have subsequently been implicated in a number of functional roles. In general surveys, @entity368 runs were among the most frequent. In the present study, we present a detailed investigation of repeats in signal peptides of secreted and type I membrane proteins in comparison with their mature parts. We focus on eukaryotic species because single @entity535 repeats are generally rather rare in archaea and bacteria. Our analysis of over 100 species shows that repeats of @entity368 (but not of other hydrophobic @entity1522 ) are over-represented in signal peptides. This trend is most pronounced in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammals. In the @entity1 proteome, although less than one-fifth of all proteins have a signal peptide, approximately two-thirds of all @entity368 repeats are located in these transient regions. Signal peptides are cleaved early from the growing polypeptide chain and then degraded rapidly. This may explain why @entity368 repeats, which can be toxic, are tolerated at such high frequencies. The substantial fraction of proteins affected by the strong enrichment of repeats in these transient segments highlights the bias that they can introduce for systematic analyses of protein sequences. In contrast to a general lack of conservation of single @entity535 repeats, @entity368 repeats were found to be more conserved than the remaining signal peptide regions, indicating that they may have an as yet unknown functional role.

title: Single XXXX repeats in signal peptides.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the early single-center clinical experience with the @entity513 ( @entity513 ). METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing attempted transcatheter closure of persistent @entity432 ( @entity2461 ) with the @entity513 were included. Data collected included demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS: From March until September 2008, 29 procedures were undertaken in 27 @entity1 (21 female). Median age was 1.4 years (range 0.4-76 years) with median weight 9.4 kg (range 4.7-108 kg). A transarterial approach was used in 2 @entity1 . The median minimum ductal diameter was 2.7 mm (range 1.7-5). @entity513 was released in 25 @entity1 (92.5%). Two @entity1 had significant residual shunting following deployment of @entity513 and underwent closure with Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO I). Postprocedural echocardiography identified one occluder had changed position with development of a significant leak and one occluder had embolized to the @entity358 . Both occluders were retrieved successfully at a second catheter procedure. Complete occlusion was noted predischarge in 22 of the remaining 23 occluders (96%). One @entity1 had mild flow acceleration in the @entity358 which has resolved. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity513 is highly effective at providing rapid occlusion of morphologically varied PDAs. Occluder design allows closure with arterial or venous approach and delivery with 4 or 5 F delivery catheters. Stable occluder position is dependent on correct positioning of both @entity358 . A larger range of sizes and configurations of this occluder may be required to successfully occlude all ductal sizes and morphologies.

title: Early clinical experience with the new @entity513 for closure of the persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Amplatzer Ductal Occluder II', 'ADO II']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery', 'aortic and pulmonary discs']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial duct']


abstract: An investigation on the prevalence of Aeromonas in gastrointestinal illnesses of pediatric inpatients 1 month to 3 years of age was conducted from February 1997 through January 1998 in Madras. Sixteen Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 11 male and five female @entity1 among the 341 pediatric inpatients suffering from acute @entity294 . A. caviae, which was isolated from nine cases, was found to be the most predominant isolate, followed by A. veronii biovar sobria, isolated from six cases, and A. hydrophila, isolated from one case. @entity14341 was recovered along with @entity11673 biotype sobria serotype 035 from one 5-month-old female @entity1 . We did not notice any seasonal pattern in the association between Aeromonas and childhood @entity1902 . None of the 147 stool samples obtained from age-matched non-diarrhoeic control @entity1 yielded Aeromonas spp. Isolation of Aeromonas spp. from @entity1 suffering from @entity1902 was found to be significant (chi 2 = 7.1312; P = 0.008, < 0.01). Among the 16 Aeromonas isolates, seven isolates of A. caviae and two isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria induced a secretory response in @entity95 intestinal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers as demonstrated by a significant increase in the short circuit current. Nine of the 16 Aeromonas isolates, including three isolates of A. caviae, five isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria, and the solitary isolate of A. hydrophila were also cytotoxic to CHO cells. Five of the six isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria and the A. hydrophila isolate produced hemolysin. The results of this study indicate that Aeromonas species are important causative agents of @entity294 in childhood @entity1902 and are prevalent throughout the year in Madras.

title: Prevalence, in-vitro secretory activity, and cytotoxicity of Aeromonas species associated with childhood XXXX in Chennai (Madras), India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity11673 :: ('654', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas veronii']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['Shigella flexneri']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: The cumulated experience at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog   a Ignacio Chavez during the period from 1977 to 1988 in regard of @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ) and its sequelae, chronic @entity13675 ( @entity13675 ) was reviewed. There are 39 cases. One was an acute @entity2401 in a @entity1 16 months old. Three, subacute diseases among young @entity1 and 35 cases of @entity102 with severe heart compromise. @entity712 was the most important manifestation in 19 @entity1 . @entity943 was the dominant one in 8 cases. Both conditions did occur in 8, 2 had @entity8654 as presenting complaint and one had @entity1151 . The surface EKG was always abnormal and heart enlargement was noted in 36 cases on chest X rays. All @entity1 had serologic evidence of antitrypanosoma antibodies, 28 had heart reactive antibodies in their serum, 24 had @entity4754 and the same proportion had @entity309 factor. Only the acute case showed another non-organ specific autoantibody. Echocardiography was useful to show dilatation of all cavities, left ones were more severely affected, @entity910 was also detected with lower frequency, apical @entity439 and @entity4346 were rarely detected. Fifteen out of 16 cases studied by angiogram did show normal coronary arteries, @entity910 was demonstrated in 62% and apical @entity439 was present in 4 cases. Studies with EKG monitoring (Holter) and electrophysiology confirmed electrical abnormalities. Although once considered an exotic disease, @entity13675 is probably underdiagnosed because the lack of methodic studies looking for epidemiologic, clinical and seroimmunologic features in @entity1 with dilated @entity296 . Cardiologist practicing in south and southeast states in Mexico should be aware of this heart ailment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED @entity1526 250 WORDS)

title: [American trypanosomiasis and chronic XXXX at the "Ignacio Chaves" National Institute of Cardiology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8654 :: ('MESH:D000219', 'Disease') :: ['Stokes Adams syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['Chagasic Cardiopathy', 'CHC']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movement']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['American Trypanosomiasis', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas cardiopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in testicular sperm samples from @entity1 with @entity3893 either from spermatogenic failure or from duct obstruction. Several technologies can be applied in the evaluation of SDF, but given the ease and low costs, the @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) has emerged as a promising standard. DESIGN: Prospective blind observational cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated private IVF setting. @entity1 (S): Azoospermic @entity1 from couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Testicular sperm extraction (TESE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): We determined testicular SDF, and a basic comparison between nonobstructive (n = 22) and obstructive @entity3893 (n = 40) was performed. We also correlated SDF with embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S): SDF in the testicular sperm of @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity3893 was significantly higher, 46.92% (SEM = 4.47), than that of @entity1 with obstructive @entity3893 , 35.96% (SEM = 2.63). A moderate relationship between embryo morphology and testicular SDF was detected. Logistic regression analysis of the effect of testicular SDF on pregnancy outcome revealed no significant effect (odds ratio = 1.015). CONCLUSION(S): Ours is the first report of SDF analysis in testicular sperm by using @entity1480 in @entity3893 . This result suggests that spermatogenesis failure may result in a severe affectation of sperm DNA integrity. The degree of DNA fragmentation using the @entity1480 test is not reflected in pregnancy chances, and the explanation could be that embryos have been selected.

title: Sperm DNA fragmentation levels in testicular sperm samples from azoospermic males as assessed by the @entity1480 ( XXXX ) test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['sperm chromatin dispersion test', 'SCD']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['SCD']