abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of acute, complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is still unresolved. PURPOSE: To determine the difference between operative and nonoperative treatment in acute Rockwood types III and V ACJ dislocation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: In the operative treatment group, the ACJ was reduced and fixed with 2 transarticular Kirschner wires and ACJ ligament suturing. The Kirschner wires were extracted after 6 weeks. Nonoperatively treated @entity1 received a reduction splint for 4 weeks. At the 18- to 20-year follow-up, the Constant, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), Larsen, and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores were obtained, and clinical and radiographic examinations of both shoulders were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 35 potential @entity1 were examined at the 18- to 20-year follow-up. There were 11 @entity1 with Rockwood type III and 14 with @entity3029 . Delayed surgical treatment for ACJ was used in 2 @entity1 during follow-up: 1 in the operatively treated group and 1 in the nonoperatively treated group. Clinically, ACJs were statistically significantly less prominent or unstable in the operative group than in the nonoperative group (normal/prominent/unstable: 9/4/3 and 0/6/3, respectively; P = .02) and in the operative type III (P = .03) but not type V dislocation groups. In operatively and nonoperatively treated @entity1 , the mean Constant scores were 83 and 85, UCLA scores 25 and 27, Larsen scores 11 and 11, and SST scores 11 and 12 at follow-up, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in type III and @entity3029 . In the radiographic analysis, the ACJ was wider in the nonoperative than the operative group (8.3 vs 3.4 mm; P = .004), and in the @entity3029 (nonoperative vs operative: 8.5 vs 2.4 mm; P = .007). There was no statistically significant difference between study groups in the elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle. Both groups showed equal levels of radiologic signs of @entity2720 and @entity730 of the coracoclavicular ligaments. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment was shown to produce more prominent or unstable and radiographically wider ACJs than was operative treatment, but clinical results were equally good in the study groups at 18- to 20-year follow-up. Both treatment methods showed statistically significant radiographic elevations of the lateral clavicle when compared with a noninjured ACJ.

title: Results of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Rockwood Types III and V XXXX : A Prospective, Randomized Trial With an 18- to 20-Year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['ACJ osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['type V dislocations']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The @entity881 ( @entity881 ) score published by Goris et al. in 1985 was one of the first attempts to quantify severity of organ dysfunction and failure based on expert opinion in surgical intensive care unit @entity1 . Fifteen years later a reassessment of this score is mandatory. @entity1 AND METHODS: Daily @entity881 scores were documented in @entity1 admitted to the surgical ICUs in Nijmegen (NL) and Cologne (D). @entity1 with an ICU stay < or = 3 days were excluded. @entity881 (1 point) and organ failure (2 points) were recorded for the following organ systems: lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood, gastrointestinal tract (GI), and central nervous system (CNS). Maximum scores were computed, and logistic regression analysis was used to optimize point weights for each organ system. Predictive power was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: In all, 147 @entity1 , mean age 56 years, were included with a total of 2,354 observation days. Hospital mortality was 30.6%. @entity344 was present on only 3.3% of days, without impact on mortality. Valid evaluation of CNS was impossible in most cases due to sedation and ventilation. Reweighting of the score items revealed only marginal improvements in prediction. Mortality consistently increased with increase in number of failed organs. This phenomenon was even more pronounced in older @entity1 , e.g., 55% mortality (age > or = 60) versus 0% (age < 60) with two failing organs. CONCLUSION: Due to problems in definition and assessment (reliability) CNS and GI should not be considered in future assessments of the @entity881 score. The original point weights in the remaining five organ systems provide a valid and reliable risk stratification, at least in surgical ICU @entity1 .

title: Revision of the XXXX score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure', 'Organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since more solid @entity5 are observed in transplant recipients treated with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) than in healthy @entity1 . We sought to describe the incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 treated with @entity870 for fibrosing @entity401 . METHODS: We prospectively reviewed 43 @entity1 who received @entity870 and @entity617 for fibrosing @entity401 over 180 days at our hospital between April 2004 and October 2008. The duration of @entity870 treatment was 632 +/- 364 days. RESULTS: Malignancy developed in 6 (14.0%) @entity1 . Time to diagnosis after medical intervention ranged from 394 days to 1325 days (mean, 783 days). @entity1149 was diagnosed in 4 cases. These were discovered by routine computed tomography in all cases. @entity157 and @entity356 were each diagnosed in 1 case, respectively. Incidence of @entity5 tended to be higher in @entity1 who had been treated with @entity870 for 567 days or more than in those who had been treated for less than 567 days, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the need for close follow-up for @entity1 who receive @entity870 for over 2 years. This could lead to @entity5 detection at an early stage.

title: [Solid @entity5 in @entity1 who received @entity205 for fibrosing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of monozygotic twins with discordant @entity154 . DESIGN: Descriptive case report. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): A 20-year @entity1 with complete @entity365 ( @entity14259 ) and right renal agenesis presented for creation of a neovagina. She had a monozygous twin confirmed by DNA testing using short tandem repeat (STR) loci; the twin had normal mullerian/mesonephric development but isolated bilateral @entity9321 . INTERVENTION(S): The complete history, physical, and laboratory data of both the @entity1 and her twin. Also, operative laparoscopy with creation of a neovagina in the @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Diagnosis and appropriate treatment of @entity14259 and DNA testing with STR loci for monozygosity. RESULT(S): The surgical resection of the bilateral uterine remnants, creation of a neovagina in the @entity1 , and the demonstration of monozygosity with her twin with bilateral @entity9321 . CONCLUSION(S): This case report suggests a link between @entity790 .

title: Monozygotic twins discordant for @entity365 and bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['tibial longitudinal deficiency']

entities_list: @entity14259 :: ('OMIM:277000', 'Disease') :: ['Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities of the genital and skeletal system']

answer: @entity9321 :: (MESH:D049310,Disease) :: ['tibial longitudinal deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the refractive and postoperative outcomes of a high-power foldable @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) in @entity735 . SETTING: Six ophthalmic surgical centers in Canada. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Consecutive charts of nanophthalmic @entity1 having @entity231 extraction and insertion of the CT Xtreme D @entity2790 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), minimum keratometry (K) value and maximum K value, corneal white-to-white (WTW), anterior chamber depth, lens thickness (LT), and complications. The following preoperative and operative data were collected: uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), sphere, cylinder, and @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ). The primary outcome measure was change in @entity6110 . The secondary outcome measures were changes in UDVA and CDVA. RESULTS: A total of 21 eyes from 13 @entity1 with a mean follow-up time of 9.6    8.5 months were studied. Mean preoperative data were: age (51.4    15.2 years), @entity3656 (16.63    0.68 mm), minimum K value (46.20    2.26 @entity8906 K value (47.55    2.34 D), anterior chamber depth (2.60    0.49 mm), WTW (11.08    1.38 mm), LT (4.70    0.97 mm), and @entity2790 power implanted (+49.9    3.3 diopters [D]). @entity6110 improved from +16.11    3.26 D preoperatively to +2.00    2.37 D postoperatively (P < .0001). UDVA improved from 1.47    0.30 logMAR preoperatively to 0.74    0.43 logMAR postoperatively (P = .016). CDVA did not change significantly. Five eyes (23.8%) had serious @entity260 . Of these eyes, 2 had @entity726 , 2 had @entity548 , and 1 eye had a @entity548 with @entity1713 resulting in visual acuity of no light perception. CONCLUSION: Implanting foldable high-power IOLs in a series of @entity735 yielded significant improvement in UDVA and @entity6110 . @entity231 surgery in these eyes carries increased risk. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Iqbal Ike K. Ahmed is a consultant to Carl Zeiss Meditec AG. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Refractive outcomes in XXXX after phacoemulsification and implantation of a high-refractive-power foldable  @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['axial length', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalence']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['nanophthalmic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['nanophthalmic eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity669 kinases are a family of genes that includes many growth factor receptors and protooncogenes. They appear to have a role in many @entity5 , but have not been systematically studied in the pathogenesis and progression of @entity1 @entity242 . METHODS: To characterize the protein @entity669 kinases that are expressed in @entity1 @entity242 , we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to construct kinase-specific cDNA libraries from low-grade and high-grade @entity5 . Thereafter, individual @entity669 kinase gene expression was assessed in a panel of @entity242 cell lines and @entity5 using Northern blotting and PCR. RESULTS: We identified 19 species of @entity669 kinase genes, including many growth factor receptors, the @entity1 homolog of the @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) gene, and a novel trk-related kinase designated @entity3819 . Messenger RNA expression analyses showed relative overexpression of the two forms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) with expression of the alpha form restricted to a subgroup of high-grad and metastatic @entity242 . We were unable to demonstrate coexpression of the PDGF isoforms in @entity5 that overexpressed the receptors, suggesting that a PDGF/ @entity3820 autocrine pathway may not be a central mechanism in the @entity5 in vivo. @entity3818 expression was observed in a variety of @entity242 , with increased levels in several high-grade and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: When grouped together by histologic cell type and grade, the expression data of the 19 kinases in @entity5 described a greater degree of heterogeneity than is generally appreciated by clinicopathologic classification schemes. This diversity suggests that @entity242 , even those that appear to be clinically similar, arise through a variety of molecular pathways involving @entity669 kinases.

title: Expression of growth factor receptors, the XXXX , and other @entity669 kinases in @entity1 soft tissue @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of sarcomas', 'primary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3818 :: (5747,Gene) :: ['focal adhesion kinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have reported high rates of @entity250 in @entity1 treated for @entity5 , most studies have been limited by retrospective design, failure to use validate instruments, and a limited number of female @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to 1) prospectively assess changes in sexual function before and after treatment for @entity5 and 2) identify potential areas for improved care of @entity1 who have @entity5 with @entity250 . DESIGN: This study is a prospective, longitudinal survey. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at 4 tertiary care academic hospitals. @entity1 : The @entity1 included had newly diagnosed @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment Quality of Life Cancer Module and @entity14 Module, International Index of Erectile Function, and Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires before the start of treatment, after the completion of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 completed the study, and the overall results showed significant @entity250 in both male and female subjects that continued to increase from baseline up to 1 year after surgery. In male subjects, sexual activity, interest, and enjoyment remained relatively stable, despite increasing sexual problems. However, for female @entity1 , although sexual activity and interest remained relatively stable, sexual enjoyment worsened as sexual problems increased. LIMITATIONS: The study closed before reaching the target sample size owing to lower than anticipated accrual rates. Post hoc analysis included qualitative interviews with @entity1 to explore reasons for low recruitment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that sexual problems continue to increase up to 1 year after surgery. Despite this, sexual interest in both male and female @entity1 remained relatively unchanged suggesting that other aspects of sexuality, not just physiologic function, also need to be evaluated. Future studies to assist and educate physicians on how to initiate a discussion about sexuality and identify @entity1 in "distress" because of sexual problems are important.

title: Prevalence of Physiologic @entity250 Is High Following Treatment for XXXX : But Is It the Only Thing That Matters?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) and @entity1063 are suggested to coexist as neurotransmitters in sympathetic neurons. The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in the colonic vasoconstriction and @entity1319 induced by infusion of @entity7766 and @entity1063 close i.a. Colonic blood flow was monitored using a drop recorder, and motility was registered by a volume recording device, both operating an ordinate writer. @entity694 was stimulated either by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves (PNS; 4 Hz, 5 ms, 8 V) acting via enteric @entity21 or by i.v. infusion of @entity10257 (10 nmol kg-1 @entity1009 ) acting directly on muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle. With both types of motility stimulation, an immediate colonic vasodilatation was registered. Electrical stimulation of the lumbar colonic nerves (4 Hz, 5 ms, 8 V) induced @entity3960 and vasoconstriction during continuous PNS (P less than 0.05). @entity694 induced by PNS (P less than 0.01) was dose-dependently reduced by @entity7766 (50-400 pmol @entity1009 ; P less than 0.05-0.01) and @entity1063 (1000-6000 pmol @entity1009 ; P less than 0.05-0.01). Simultaneously, vasoconstriction was induced by both @entity7766 and @entity1063 (P less than 0.01). @entity694 induced by infusion of @entity10257 (P less than 0.01) was not inhibited by @entity7766 (50-200 pmol @entity1009 ). However, at the highest dose (400 pmol @entity1009 ) the motility response was reduced (P less than 0.05). Similarly, @entity1063 only at the highest dose (6000 pmol @entity1009 ) reduced the contractile response (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mechanisms involved in colonic vasoconstriction and XXXX induced by @entity7766 .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic contraction', 'Colonic motility']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['colonic smooth muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of motility']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['inhibition of motility']


abstract: Miscellaneous @entity299 can occur after electrical burns. The long term outcomes are still unknown. We studied 10 @entity1 , 9 of whom suffered high-voltage electrocution, and one of whom was struck by lightning. Serial electrocardiograms (ECG) and serum MB @entity908 phosphokinase isoenzyme (MB-CPK) activities were obtained during their stay in hospital. ECG and thallium 201 cardiac scintigraphy at rest, as well as echocardiograms were obtained in all @entity1 4 to 48 months after discharge. In hospital, 9 @entity1 showed one or more abnormal findings at physical examination (4 cases), ECG (8 cases), MB-CPK (1 case). At long term follow-up, 5 @entity1 had one or more myocardial functions or conduction abnormalities, with or without symptoms. One @entity1 had compensated @entity712 . Nine @entity1 were asymptomatic. Abnormal ECG findings persisted in 3 @entity1 . Three cardiac scans showed evidence of regional @entity296 . Decreases in left ventricular indices measured by echocardiogram were found in 3 @entity1 . We conclude that high-voltage electrocution is associated with a high incidence of @entity299 , which may persist. Long term evaluation, requiring cardiac T1 201 scintigraphy and echocardiogram, may be justified.

title: XXXX after electrical burns: short and long term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We report a new salvage technique for treating @entity439 ( @entity439 ) complicating vascular access @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) using externally reinforced @entity1211 . DESIGN: A retrospective study over a 20-month period from a single centre. @entity1 : @entity1 presenting to the vascular surgery department, Bordeaux University Hospital for revision of a vascular access @entity2548 were included. METHODS: Reinforced @entity1211 consisted in removal of redundant vessel wall followed by reinforcement using an external prosthetic graft. Patency, diameter and flow were assessed by duplex ultrasound at 1, 6 and 12 months after salvage. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eligible @entity1 were identified. Five were excluded because VA was associated with central vein @entity850 ; the remaining 33 underwent salvage. Indications were rapidly expanding or painful VA in seven cases; VA with frequent @entity548 or damaged overlying skin in eight; VA in close relation to a @entity850 in two; and VA associated with high-flow rate in 16. Cannulation was attempted after 30 days. Mean follow-up time was 12 S.D. 5 months (range: 4-22). Two repaired AVFs failed. Primary 1-year patency was 93%. No @entity439 or @entity281 occurred. Reduction of high flow was successful in 12 of 16 @entity1 . The remaining four required re-operation. CONCLUSIONS: Reinforced @entity1211 is effective in controlling @entity384 and achieving patency. Reduction of high-flow rates was not always achieved. Further study is needed to evaluate long-term efficacy of this treatment.

title: Salvage treatment for @entity439 complicating vascular access XXXX : use of an exoprosthesis to reinforce the vein after aneurysmorrhaphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous dilation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['venous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'VAs']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous aneurysmorrhaphy']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare lung reaeration measured by bedside chest radiography, lung computed tomography, and lung ultrasound in @entity1 with @entity2489 treated by antibiotics. DESIGN: Computed tomography, chest radiography, and lung ultrasound were performed before (day 0) and 7 days following initiation of antibiotics. SETTING: A 26-bed multidisciplinary intensive care unit in La Piti  - @entity9574  tri  re hospital (University Paris-6). @entity1 : : Thirty critically ill @entity1 studied over the first 10 days of developing @entity2489 . INTERVENTIONS: : Antibiotic administration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Computed tomography reaeration was measured as the additional volume of gas present within both lungs following 7 days of antimicrobial therapy. Lung ultrasound of the entire chest wall was performed and four entities were defined: consolidation; multiple irregularly spaced B-lines; multiple abutting ultrasound lung "comets" issued from the pleural line or a small subpleural consolidation; normal aeration. For each of the 12 regions examined, ultrasound changes were measured between day 0 and 7 and a reaeration score was calculated. An ultrasound score >5 was associated with a computed tomography reaeration >400 mL and a successful antimicrobial therapy. An ultrasound score <-10 was associated with a loss of computed tomography aeration >400 mL and a failure of antibiotics. A highly significant correlation was found between computed tomography and ultrasound lung reaeration (Rho = 0.85, p < .0001). Chest radiography was inaccurate in predicting lung reaeration. CONCLUSIONS: Lung reaeration can be accurately estimated with bedside lung ultrasound in @entity1 with @entity2489 treated by antibiotics. Lung ultrasound can also detect the failure of antibiotics to reaerate the lung.

title: Ultrasound assessment of antibiotic-induced pulmonary reaeration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) assesses severity of @entity933 . However, whether the MDAS can be used in a Chinese population is unknown. Moreover, the optimal postoperative MDAS cutoff point for describing @entity260 in Chinese remains largely to be determined. We therefore performed a pilot study to validate MDAS in the Chinese language and to determine the optimal postoperative MDAS cutoff point for @entity933 . METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 (80    6 years, 21.9% male), who had hip surgery under general anesthesia, were enrolled. The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to the @entity1 before surgery. The CAM and MDAS were performed on the @entity1 on the first, second and fourth postoperative days. The reliability and validity of the MDAS were determined. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal Chinese version MDAS cutoff point for the identification of @entity933 . RESULTS: The Chinese version of the MDAS had satisfactory internal consistency (a = 0.910). ROC analysis obtained an average optimal MDAS cutoff point of 7.5 in describing the CAM-defined @entity260 , with an area under the ROC of 0.990 (95% CI 0.977-1.000, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the MDAS had good reliability and validity. The @entity1 whose postoperative Chinese version MDAS cutoff point score was 7.5 would likely have @entity260 . These results have established a system for a larger scale study in the future.

title: Using the Chinese version of Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale to describe XXXX after hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative delirium']


abstract: The skeletal muscle fibre is a syncitium where each myonucleus regulates the gene products in a finite volume of the cytoplasm, i.e., the myonuclear domain (MND). We analysed aging- and gender-related effects on myonuclei organization and the MND size in single muscle fibres from six young (21-31 years) and nine old @entity1 (72-96 years), and from six young (24-32 years) and nine old @entity1 (65-96 years), using a novel image analysis algorithm applied to confocal images. Muscle fibres were classified according to @entity9740 ( @entity9740 ) isoform expression. Our image analysis algorithm was effective in determining the spatial organization of myonuclei and the distribution of individual MNDs along the single fibre segments. Significant linear relations were observed between MND size and fibre size, irrespective age, gender and @entity9740 isoform expression. The spatial organization of individual myonuclei, calculated as the distribution of nearest neighbour distances in 3D, and MND size were affected in old age, but changes were dependent on @entity9740 isoform expression. In type I muscle fibres, average NN-values were lower and showed an increased variability in old age, reflecting an aggregation of myonuclei in old age. Average MND size did not change in old age, but there was an increased MND size variability. In type IIa fibres, average NN-values and MND sizes were lower in old age, reflecting the smaller size of these muscle fibres in old age. It is suggested that these changes have a significant impact on protein synthesis and degradation during the aging process.

title: Effects of aging and gender on the spatial organization of nuclei in single XXXX skeletal muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity9740 :: ('4624', 'Gene') :: ['MyHC', 'myosin heavy chain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the emergency-based approach to @entity137 reversal in @entity5 @entity1 . DATA SOURCE: A MEDLINE and PubMed search was conducted (1966 to May 2014) using the terms opioids, @entity5 , @entity1510 , @entity1576 , @entity1286 , @entity1286 derivatives, emergency, and @entity2021 . METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: English articles in @entity1 subjects identified from the MEDLINE and PubMed search were evaluated. Citations were excluded if they addressed acute @entity1445 , @entity5 , and/or acute, non-chronic @entity158 . DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: @entity158 is a common occurrence in the oncology population. Although @entity137 from opioids is common, life-threatening @entity137 are not. The use of @entity1510 in this particular @entity1 population occurs frequently for any perceived opioid-related effect and can be detrimental to the oncology @entity1 's care and quality of life. Difficulties exist when attempting to separate @entity137 from disease progression or @entity3 and, therefore, a thorough history is needed prior to complete opioid reversal in this population. Severity of the @entity4784 should dictate reversal strategy. Dosing strategies that take into account both the treatment of the opioid-related effects as well as the negative effects reversal will have on the @entity1 are offered. We also review the pre-hospital setting and identified the need for protocols that not only take the @entity1 's symptoms into account, but also the @entity1 's @entity5 history. CONCLUSION: Opioid reversal protocols should be developed by a multi-disciplinary team. Each protocol should differentiate those @entity137 which are life-threatening and require complete opioid reversal with @entity137 that require small aliquots of @entity1510 to mitigate the presenting symptoms.

title: Use of @entity1510 for reversal of life-threatening @entity137 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'opioid toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-cancer pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid intoxication']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Currently the distraction technique could be very useful for posterior expansion in @entity91 . Even for fronto-orbital advancement (FOA), it is thought that distraction has the definitive advantage over the conventional technique. The authors describe the appropriate indication of distraction for FOA in our series of @entity91 @entity1 . Since 1998, FOA by distraction has been used for 61 cases of simple and @entity91 . Among these, seven severe cases were extracted with a conspicuous @entity2122 with a multiple honeycomb appearance in 3DCT views. Early surgery for FOA by distraction to the extent possible was performed and a retrospective study was conducted. Seven @entity1 were identified. All of them exhibited a severe @entity2122 . @entity8257 in 5 @entity1 and clover-leaf skull in two unidentified @entity1 were diagnosed. Mean age at surgery for FOA by distraction ranged 10-18 months. Mean operative time: 3-3.5  h. @entity190 : 230-320  mL. The mean advancement by distraction: 20-27  mm. We conclude FOA by distraction when a large amount of advancement is required for early severe cases as our series can be definitely one of the most appropriate candidates beyond the conventional technique, despite disadvantages.

title: Appropriate indication of fronto-orbital advancement by distraction osteogenesis in XXXX : Beyond the conventional technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial deformity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis', 'syndromic craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['syndromic craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We compared the @entity17234 antagonists C7, M35, M40 and galantide, for their ability to ameliorate acute @entity788 (AP). METHODS: @entity17234 antagonists were co-administered with 7 hourly @entity8629 injections used to induce AP. Plasma amylase and lipase activities were measured as indices of AP, and pancreata were harvested at 12 h for histological examination and estimation of @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity. RESULTS: Treatment with galantide, M35 and C7 ameliorated the AP-induced plasma hyperenzymemia by 40-75%. Administration of M40 did not significantly alter plasma hyperenzymemia. Galantide, M35 and M40 significantly reduced the pancreatic @entity10873 activity by 65-80%, whereas C7 increased @entity10873 activity. Galantide and M35 but not C7 or M40 treatment significantly reduced the AP-induced @entity39 score by 30-50% compared to the AP alone group. C7 alone increased plasma lipase activity and the pancreatic @entity39 score compared with saline treatment alone, whereas the other antagonists were without effect. CONCLUSION: Galantide and M35 ameliorated the severity of AP, but M40 and C7 had mixed effects. Complex @entity17234 pathways may be involved in @entity8629 -induced AP. M35 and galantide are potential therapeutic peptides for the treatment of AP and further evaluation should be considered. and IAP.

title: @entity17234 receptor antagonist m35 but not m40 or c7 ameliorates @entity8629 -induced acute XXXX in mice.

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Levels of mRNAs specific for the @entity7266 of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor were measured in @entity1573 skeletal muscle by solution hybridization, using a genomic DNA probe containing the intramembrane segments M2 and M3 of the @entity7266 and probes comprising exons 2-6 and exons 4-8, respectively, of the gamma- and delta-subunit. In the innervated @entity291 musculature of adult @entity1573 , receptor-specific messages were detected in approx. 100-fold excess over the amount required to account for the observed synthesis rate. Within 1 week after section of the sciatic nerve, @entity7266 message levels rose 112-, 42- and 24-fold, respectively, while receptor expression rate increased about 150-fold. The rise in message levels preceded the denervation-induced increase in receptor concentration. In differentiating myogenic cells all three messages were found in excess over the amounts required for the observed rate of receptor synthesis. Treatment of differentiated myotubes with drugs that change receptor synthesis rate selectively affects @entity7266 mRNA. In all situations in vitro and in vivo the @entity7266 mRNA was found to reach final levels faster, and to be from 3 to over 30 times more abundant, than the other messages. These observations corroborate earlier evidence for a regulatory mechanism in which the supply of mRNA determines @entity934 receptor synthesis rate. They also suggest that receptor expression is not simply proportional to @entity934 receptor subunit mRNA concentrations, but rather is controlled, to a considerable extent, by the efficiency with which the receptor-specific mRNAs and/or the subunits they code for are subsequently utilized.

title: @entity934 receptor synthesis rate and levels of receptor subunit messenger RNAs in XXXX muscle.

entities_list: @entity7266 :: ('395381(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-, gamma- and delta-subunit', 'alpha-subunit']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: To identify the factors associated with a poor outcome, we reviewed the records of 28 @entity1 with @entity6588 diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. Most of the @entity1 were @entity1 between the ages of 35 and 45 years, who presented with @entity6588 . Twelve @entity1 had the anticipated rapid response to therapy, with resolution of their presenting symptoms within one week (group A). Surprisingly, the majority (16 [58%] of 28) had a more prolonged or @entity221 (group B). Group B @entity1 more often had a serious underlying medical disorder, and waited longer before seeking medical attention. Only @entity1 in group B presented with electrolyte or @entity8 (31%), @entity55 and @entity1143 (25%), elevated serum @entity908 phosphokinase levels (25%), and @entity5092 @entity2259 (12.5%). Sterile @entity4658 , however, was an unexpectedly frequent finding in both groups. Group B @entity1 more often experienced a prolonged delay from the time of physician contact to therapy, and were not treated with an @entity4028 ; relapse (12.5%) and @entity204 (6.2%) occurred only in group B. Thus, earlier and more appropriate intervention by the physician may have prevented some of the increased morbidity in our @entity1 . These findings suggest that rapid presumptive @entity4028 therapy ( @entity801 or @entity3639 ) should be considered soon after @entity6588 is suspected, especially for @entity1 with serious underlying medical disorders.

title: Factors associated with a poor outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fatal illness']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['ulceroglandular tularemia', 'tularemia']

answer: @entity6588 :: (MESH:D014406,Disease) :: ['tularemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The involvement of @entity6333 in controlling renal function is unclear with the literature only emphasizing its role in @entity633 . We therefore investigated the potential association between nephrinuria as evidenced by the appearance of urinary immunopositive @entity6333 fragments, with multiple renal traits. METHODS: Western blot analysis of the urine samples from a cross-sectional study of 381 Chinese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 revealed four distinct protein fragments, indicative of nephrinuria. @entity633 was measured in random spot urine samples using the albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (ACR), while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the @entity1011 -based Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula. RESULTS: Each @entity6333 fragment was associated with a decline in eGFR (smallest P = 0.001). Even with the inclusion of logarithmic form of ACR (ln ACR) in the multivariate model, nephrinuria still remained significantly associated with lower eGFR (smallest P < 0.05). Nephrinuria was also strongly associated with lnACR and this finding was independent of eGFR (smallest P < 0.001). Thus, nephrinuria was independently associated with both renal traits in the form of lnACR and eGFR. Furthermore, nephrinuria was significantly associated with lower eGFR even among normoalbuminuric @entity1 (ACR  <= 30 mg/g) (smallest P = 0.002), potentially implicating nephrinuria in the development of @entity177 . Apart from the renal traits under investigation, the presence of nephrinuria did not associate with other @entity1 clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrinuria was associated with multiple renal traits in type 2 @entity6 even in normoalbuminuric @entity1 who are traditionally perceived as having a low risk of @entity740 .

title: Nephrinuria associates with multiple renal traits in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Putting forward disturbances of cutaneous vasomotricity, sweating and sebaceous excretion is of slight diagnostical value in atopy, but contributes to a better knowledge of its physiopathology. Abnormal vascular reactions are probably correlated with a functional disturbance of beta-adrenergic receptors of the blood vessels; clinical symptoms of apparently paradoxical vasoconstriction occur in most cases of @entity483 , i. e. white dermographism in 80 p. 100, delayed cholinergic blanch in 70 p. 100 or absence of erythema to rubefacients in 55 to 70 p. 100. The troubles of eccrine sweating are more complex: in the eczematous lesions there is a spontaneous and experimentally provoked increase of sweating; in @entity1097 @entity1 the level of @entity934 induced sweating is lowered and the mean excretion rate is increased; these parameters are not modified by beta-blockers which enhance cholinergic sweating in normals. On the contrary, in atopics @entity2263 -agonists increase eccrine sweating in summer, but become inefficient in autumn and winter, just as if there was a less severe beta-blockade during warm season. In atopics, sweat is mainly of the cholinergic type and contains more @entity10303 and less acid mucopolysaccharides; therefore its tensio-activity is increased and its thermolytic evaporative rate correlatively decreased; eccrine sweat glands of atopics are less able to adapt to wintry adrenergic stress, because @entity2661 stimulate in preference the dark muciparous cells of the glomerular coil. Eccrine sweat of atopics contains also high amounts of IgE and that is probably the reason of its whealing effect by intradermal injection. The cutaneous dryness of @entity1097 @entity1 seems unrelated to these sudoral troubles, but rather to a excessive transepidermal water loss due to the extensive eczematous microscopical spongiosis of the epidermis and the loss of the barrier function of its horny layer. Decrease of the sebaceous secretion contributes also to the xerosis and following disturbances have been registered: decrease of the total excretion rate, decrease of the lipids of sebo-glandular origin such as waxes, squalen and @entity1674 , higher amount of @entity165 , decrease of surfaces and density of sebaceous glands and lower labelling of cells in S phase. Troubles of apocrine sweating have not yet been reported. Abnormal vasomotor, sudoral and sebaceous functions in @entity1097 @entity1 can be satisfactorily interpreted if one accepts the theory of a constitutional blockade of @entity2263 - and H2-receptors.

title: [Abnormal vasomotor, sudoral and sebaceous reactions in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity10303 :: ('MESH:D002712', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorides']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: In the literature it is generally assumed that @entity1211 within the radicular veins is prevented by the presence of bicuspid valves and narrowing of the transdural part of these vessels. Recently, we performed a @entity1 cadaver study of the internal vertebral venous plexus. Surprisingly, a large number of radicular and perimedullary veins appeared to be filled with @entity10725 CY 221 mixture, after injection of this material into the vertebral venous system, implicating reflux via the radicular veins and suggesting insufficiency of the presumed anti-reflux mechanism. Therefore, it was decided to study the radicular veins in order to determine and to investigate the presence or absence of anti-reflux mechanisms within this system. The vertebral venous systems of ten fresh @entity1 cadavers, between 64 and 93 years of age, were injected with @entity10725 CY 221 mixture. After polymerization, all cadavers were dissected and the spinal nerve sheaths, including nerve roots, radicular veins and epidural veins, were excised as a whole. After macroscopical examination, serial sections (40 microm) were cut on a freezing microtome and stained in Von Gieson medium. Every third section was stained immunohistochemically with @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), to visualize smooth muscle cells. In all cadavers, a number of intradural radicular veins was filled with @entity10725 . Employing microscopical examination, no bicuspid valves were found. However, four structures were encountered that might serve as ananti-reflux-mechanism: 1) intravenous dural folds, 2) meandrous configuration, and 3) narrowing of the radicular veins at the point of penetration of the dura mater, and 4) varying numbers of smooth muscle fibers in the walls of the intradural and extradural parts of the radicular veins. Reflux via the radicular veins seems to be a physiological phenomenon. Structural valves have not been encountered during this study. Intravenous dural folds, meandrous configuration and narrowing of the transdural part of the radicular veins, and the presence of large numbers of smooth muscle cells in the radicular venous walls suggest the existence of a dynamic reflux-regulating system that has the ability to increase the intravascular resistance under conditions of venous hyperpression, in order to protect the spinal cord from venous pressure waves. Possibly, @entity1211 via the radicular veins has a role in selective cooling of the spinal cord.

title: XXXX radicular veins: regulation of @entity1211 in the absence of valves.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle antigen', 'SMA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES, This retrospective analysis was designed to examine the intermediate and long-term effects of balloon angioplasty for native @entity1498 and to determine whether any factors are predictive of outcome. BACKGROUND: Balloon angioplasty for native @entity1498 is controversial. Concerns exist over lack of long-term follow-up and possible formation of @entity439 . The role of transverse arch and @entity509 after @entity384 is unknown. METHODS: Included in the study were all @entity1 3 days to 29 years old (mean age 4.6 years) referred for possible @entity384 to the pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory with evidence of a discrete @entity1498 . The hemodynamic data, angiograms and clinical records of 102 @entity1 were examined, with follow-up data from 2 to 117 months (median 36.2) available in 92 @entity1 . RESULTS: Immediate success with balloon angioplasty was achieved in 93 (91.2%) of the 102 @entity1 . Seventy-one @entity1 (77.2%) with intermediate follow-up data (range 12 to 117 months) available are asymptomatic and normotensive, with insignificant arm to leg blood pressure gradients (< or = 20 mm Hg). Twenty-one @entity1 (22.8%) with an initial successful result developed an increase in gradient 2 at 86 months after angioplasty, requiring reintervention in 18. Follow-up > 72 months is available in 17 @entity1 , 16 of whom are normotensive and have not required additional intervention. No additional intervention was needed in 88.4% of older @entity1 and @entity1 > 7 months old. Ten of the 13 surviving neonates who initially had a successful dilation required reangioplasty or operation 14 days to 10 months (median 4.6 months) after angioplasty. Transverse arch @entity509 had minimal effect on follow-up blood pressure gradient, whereas @entity509 was associated with reintervention in 50%. A small @entity439 was noted in 2 (1.9%) of 102 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Balloon angioplasty of native @entity1498 is effective in @entity1 and older @entity1 . In neonates, balloon angioplasty provides effective palliation only. @entity439 formation is rare; however, lifetime follow-up is warranted.

title: Balloon angioplasty of native XXXX : midterm follow-up and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus hypoplasia', 'hypoplasia', 'isthmic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: These studies have examined the role of brain areas that receive efferent projections from the globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN) in producing the contralateral head turning evoked by unilateral electrical stimulation of the neostriatum in the conscious @entity35 . Two parameters were studied: the latency for a 90 degree head turn and changes in the normal latency evoked by administration of the @entity1246 drugs picrotoxin and @entity6341 in GP. Electrolesions in the ipsilateral ventromedial and centromedian thalamic nuclei had no effect on the head turn parameters. Although small electrolesions in the SN slowed, but did not abolish the head turn, it prevented the changes in the response latency brought about by @entity1246 drugs in GP. Treatment with @entity2955 , which partly destroyed the nigro-striatal @entity935 neurones, had no effect on the head turn. Areas of the brainstem that receive basal ganglia efferents were lesioned. An electrolesion of the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus had no effect on the head turn latencies. The head turning was abolished by a lesion in the lateral periaqueductal grey (PAG); a more rostral PAG lesion, on the same level as SN, was ineffective. It is concluded that the head turning is mediated by basal ganglia efferents which pass close to the nigra without synapsing and project to the PAG. The @entity1246 -sensitive GP efferents which modulate the response, probably project to SN.

title: Role of globus pallidus and substantia nigra efferent pathways in striatally evoked head turning in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on @entity9 and verify whether regular treadmill exercise alters opioid receptor expression in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) in a @entity9 @entity35 model. METHODS: Thirty-two male @entity35 were used in the study. All @entity35 were divided into 3 groups, i.e., group A, sham group (n=10); group B, @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) group (n=11); and group C, @entity8638 +exercise group (n=11). Regular treadmill exercise was performed for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks at the speed of 8 m/min for 5 minutes, 11 m/min for 5 minutes, and 22 m/min for 20 minutes. Withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency were measured before and after the regular exercise program. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots analyses were performed using antibodies against   -opioid receptor (MOR). RESULTS: Body weight of group C was the lowest among all groups. Withdrawal thresholds and withdrawal latencies were increased with time in groups B and C. There were significant differences of withdrawal thresholds between group B and group C at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks after exercise. There were significant differences of withdrawal latencies between group B and group C at 3rd and 4th weeks after exercise. MOR expression of group C was significantly decreased, as compared to that of group B in the RVM and spinal cord. CONCLUSION: In @entity9 , exercise induced @entity1337 could be mediated by desensitization of central MOR by endogenous opioids, leading to the shift of RVM circuitry balance to @entity158 inhibition.

title: Effect of Exercise on   -Opioid Receptor Expression in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla in @entity9 XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14510 and @entity10400 are two separate and uncommon @entity227 in neuro-ophthalmology. We report an extremely rare case of @entity14510 coincident with @entity10400 secondary to @entity2758 . The manifestations of these two @entity227 are also described. METHODS: A 35-year-old, left-handed @entity1 had suffered from @entity227 when recognizing her family's faces and was unable to read or associate separate parts of a word into a whole word. Her visual field revealed slight right homonymous @entity1805 . Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance images were arranged and vertebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2758 . RESULTS: Gamma-knife stereoscopic radiotherapy was performed. Two months after the treatment, the ability to recognize faces and read improved and the visual field recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists should keep in mind that usual complaints of "blurred vision" might correlate with @entity227 . @entity14510 and @entity10400 have not been reported to occur together and the left-handed- dominance in our case leads to this scarce concurrence.

title: "Seeing but not identifying": @entity14510 coincident with XXXX in @entity2758 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual recognition disorders', 'disorders of visual recognition', 'severe blurred vision', 'unusual visual recognition disorders']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['left occipital arteriovenous malformation', 'occipital arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity14510 :: ('MESH:D020237', 'Disease') :: ['pure alexia', 'Pure alexia']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity10400 :: (MESH:D020238,Disease) :: ['prosopagnosia']


abstract: This study was designed to identify the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at which rebleeding occurs when a clot is formed by a hemostatic agent, Celox or TraumaDEX, compared with a standard dressing. Fifteen @entity1707 (5 each) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: Celox, TraumaDEX, or standard pressure dressing as a control. In all animals, the femoral artery and vein were transected to simulate @entity130 . Subjects were allowed to @entity548 1 minute before treatment. Direct pressure was held 5 minutes followed by application of elastic dressings for 30 minutes. Dressings were removed after 30 minutes, and the wound was observed for rebleeding. Animals demonstrating hemostasis received @entity2647 infusion to increase SBP in 10-mm Hg increments until SBP reached 210 mm Hg or @entity548 recurred. There were statistically significant differences between Celox (mean SBP, 166.4 mm Hg; mean MAP, 1376 mm Hg) and the control (mean SBP, 88.25 mm Hg; mean MAP, 59.7 mm Hg), and between TraumaDEX (mean SBP, 152.2 mm Hg; mean MAP, 113.2 mm Hg) and the control (P < .05). However, no statistically significant difference existed between Celox and TraumaDEX. Celox and TraumaDEX effectively prevent rebleeding compared with standard dressing.

title: Effects of arterial blood pressure on rebleeding using Celox and TraumaDEX in a porcine model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['lethal femoral injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sentinel node (SN) biopsy has been practiced in @entity356 in recent years, and many studies focused on the distribution of solitary lymph node @entity3 (SLM) to assess the pattern of SN. In fact, there is usually more than one SN existing in @entity356 . The distribution of SNs needs to be further re-evaluated. METHODS: A total of 289 @entity1 in pT1-2 stage with 1-3 positive nodes confined to same compartment were included in this study with informed consents. The @entity75 was solitary ( <= 5.0 cm in diameter) and D2 or D3 lymph node dissection had been performed. The location of metastatic lymph nodes was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most positive nodes occurred in N1 compartment, with frequency of 79.6% to 85.7% based on site of @entity5 . In the lower third of stomach, no. 6 was the most common metastatic site and no. 3 was the second; the order was reversed for SLM. With increasing depth of @entity5 invasion, a progressively augmented nodal involvement was shown. Nearly a half appeared transverse @entity3 when the @entity5 located at the lesser or greater curvature. Among skip @entity3 , no. 7, 8a, 9 and 11p were the most common metastatic sites and the prognosis was as similar as that of @entity1 with N1 involved only. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-3 positive nodes in the same compartment should be possible SNs, and most of which are restricted in N1 in pT1-2 @entity356 . Transversal and 2 stations lymph node @entity3 are common.

title: A novel insight of sentinel lymph node concept based on 1-3 positive nodes in @entity1 with pT1-2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brain tissue slices are a common neuroscience model that allows relatively sophisticated analysis of @entity528 in a simplified preparation. Most experimental methodology utilizes electrophysiological tools to probe these model systems. The work here demonstrates the adaptation of @entity258 ( @entity258 ) to a brain slice system. @entity258 is used to sample from the hippocampus of @entity19 brain slices. Perfusate @entity3689 levels are quantified following sampling with capillary electrophoresis. @entity3264 was measured from the CA1 region of the hippocampus in slices taken from a @entity1434 - @entity3264 transporter deletion mutant, @entity20568 (-/-), and the background strain C57BL/6J. Sampling is performed over up to 6.5 h with standard tissue slice preparation and experimentation methods. Four @entity1522 were quantified to demonstrate the ability to perform @entity258 and show good agreement with published literature. Perfusate @entity3264 levels are found to be significantly lower with @entity20568 (-/-) slices (1.9(  0.5)  M) relative to controls (4.90(  1.1)  M). But, experiments with control slices show a significant decrease in @entity3264 over the 6 h sampling period that are not seen with @entity20568 (-/-) slices. Increasing the @entity258 sample collection rate during the first 90 min of sampling did not show a sampling artifact in perfusate @entity3264 content. Sampling immediately following slicing did not show an early increasing @entity3264 level that would be indicative of a significant contribution from blood or tissue damage. The data presented here show a complementarity to electrophysiological studies of tissue slices. The ability to characterize extracellular fluid chemical content with @entity258 in these slices provides an alternative data stream for probing neurochemical signaling networks in brain tissue slices.

title: Sample collection and @entity1522 analysis of extracellular fluid of XXXX brain slices with low flow push-pull perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-flow push-pull perfusion sampling', 'LFPS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal networks']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ) is a common @entity250 . Treatment ranges from behavior modification to systemic and topical pharmacological treatments. Results to date have been generally inconsistent and of limited effectiveness. New avenues of therapy are needed. AIM: To investigate the effect of extracorporeal @entity177 ( @entity177 ) as a noninvasive treatment for @entity1 with @entity2754 . METHODS: The NeoControl System for @entity177 was used in the study. Baseline assessment included: history and physical, medications, hormonal assessment and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IVELT) by stopwatch determination. Treatment involved a first phase of five biweekly sessions (primary outcome). @entity1 who reported an improvement in IVELT and desired to continue were given a second identical course (secondary outcome). Outcome measures included: IVELT and a global assessment questionnaire (GAQ). The responses incorporated both the @entity1 's perception of response together with the more objective IVELT timing and were rated as: 1. Worse: no improvement in GAQ or mean IVELT for the total number of attempts; 2. Unchanged: improvement in IVELT but the @entity1 reported no improvement; 3. Slightly improved: increase in IVELT < 100% and a reported mild improvement and 4. Better: IVELT increase of > or = 100% with GAQ indicating "moderate" to "marked" improvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two primary outcome measures were considered in both treatment phases, the IVELT and the GAQ. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were treated. Their mean age was 43.7 years. Fifty-seven percent reported primary @entity2754 and 63% were circumcised. Hormone levels were normal in all. Baseline IVELT for the group was 60.6 seconds. All @entity1 completed phase I. Of these, 50% reported no change in the GAQ although they recorded an increase in IVELT; 29% were categorized as slightly better and 14% as better. Eight @entity1 entered phase II. Of these, 3 (37.5%) were unchanged; 2 (25%) were slightly better and 3 (37.5%) were classified as better. The response in these last three has persisted for over 6 months post treatment. Both phases of the study showed a trend towards IVELT improvement, more evident at the end of phase II. However the differences did not reach statistical significance on either phase. Side effects were mild and non-treatment related. DISCUSSION: The use of @entity177 is claimed to alter the spinal centers without altering cerebral neurotransmitters. Although there were some remarkable responses, our results, are not better than the purported responses to behavioral or pharmacological methodologies. There was a clear trend in IVELT improvement; however, this didn't translate into an equivalent subjective estimation by most of the subjects. This outcome dissonance might be diminished by longer/more intense regimens of treatment. The pilot nature of the study does not permit to draw solid conclusions but stimulate the search for a new therapeutic option in @entity2754 .

title: A novel approach to XXXX : extracorporeal @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional magnetic stimulation', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['Premature ejaculation', 'PE']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1582 @entity1 who become refractory to immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and @entity1749 have poor survival, with limited therapeutic options. @entity16291 has shown improved survival and good tolerability in this @entity1 cohort in clinical trials, but real world data are scarce. We retrospectively analysed all @entity1 treated with @entity16291 at five UK centres between 2013 and 2016. Of 85 @entity1 identified, 70 had sufficient information for response assessments. Median age was 66  years [40-89], 96  5% were refractory to IMiDs, 72  9% were refractory to both an IMiD and @entity1749 and 92  9% were refractory to their last treatment. Of 45 @entity1 with fluorescence in  situ hybridization results 64% had adverse risk, 19 @entity1 (22  4%) had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <45  ml/min. Grade >= 3 non-haematological @entity137 occurred in 42  4%, and grade >= 3 @entity1398 and @entity882 in 38% and 24% respectively, but only 18  8% had dose reductions. The overall response rate was 52  9%. At a median follow-up of 13  2  months, median progression-free survival was 5  2  months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4  150-6  238], and median overall survival was 13  7  months (95% CI 11  775-15  707). No significant difference was seen in response, survival or tolerability by renal function, age or cytogenetic risk. This real-world data support the results seen in published clinical trials.

title: Real-world use of @entity16291 and dexamethasone in double refractory multiple XXXX suggests benefit in renal impairment and adverse genetics: a multi-centre UK experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16291 :: ('MESH:C467566', 'Chemical') :: ['Pomalidomide', 'pomalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with the late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) technique allows the detection of @entity296 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The aim of this study was to compare different methods of automatic quantification of LGE in @entity1121 @entity1 . METHODS: Forty @entity1121 @entity1 (mean age 48 y, 30 males) and 20 normal subjects (mean age 38 y, 16 males) underwent CMR, and we compared 3 methods of quantification of LGE: 1) in the SD2 method a region of interest (ROI) was placed within the normal @entity1562 and enhanced @entity1562 was considered as having signal intensity >2 SD above the mean of ROI; 2) in the SD6 method enhanced @entity1562 was defined with a cut-off of 6 SD above mean of ROI; 3) in the RC method a ROI was placed in the background of image, a Rayleigh curve was created using the SD of that ROI and used as ideal curve of distribution of signal intensity of a perfectly nulled @entity1562 . The maximal signal intensity found in the Rayleigh curve was used as cut-off for enhanced @entity1562 . Parametric images depicting non enhanced and enhanced @entity1562 was created using each method. Three investigators assigned a score to each method by the comparison of the original LGE image to the respective parametric map generated. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1121 had lower concordance between the measured curve of distribution of signal intensity and the Rayleigh curve than controls (63.7 +/- 12.3% vs 92.2 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.0001).A cut off of concordance < 82.9% had a 97.1% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity to distinguish @entity1121 from controls. The RC method had higher score than the other methods. The average extent of enhanced @entity1562 measured by SD6 and Rayleigh curve method was not significant different but SD6 method showed underestimation of enhancement in 12% and overestimation in 5% of @entity1 with @entity1121 . CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of @entity82 in LGE images with a cut-off derived from the Rayleigh curve is more accurate than using a fixed cut-off.

title: Quantitative analysis of late XXXX enhancement in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous report, we described a method of reconstruction using @entity5 -bearing autograft treated by liquid @entity1568 for @entity3478 . Here we present the first case of @entity79 correction following a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft via three-dimensional computerized reconstruction after multiple surgeries. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old female student presented with @entity158 in the left lower leg and was diagnosed with a low-grade central @entity421 . Surgical bone reconstruction was performed using a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft. Bone union was achieved at 7  months after the first surgical procedure. However, @entity5 recurrence and lung metastases occurred 2  years later, at which time a second surgical procedure was performed. Five years later, the @entity1 developed a 19   @entity85 and underwent a third surgical procedure, during which an osteotomy was performed using the Taylor Spatial Frame three-dimensional external fixation technique. A fourth corrective surgical procedure was performed in which internal fixation was achieved with a locking plate. Two years later, and 10  years after the initial diagnosis of @entity421 , the @entity79 was completely corrected, and the @entity1 's limb function was good. CONCLUSION: We present the first report in which a @entity79 due to a primary @entity421 was corrected using a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft, followed by multiple corrective surgical procedures that included osteotomy, three-dimensional external fixation, and internal fixation.

title: Successful correction of tibial @entity79 through multiple surgical procedures, liquid @entity1568 -pretreated @entity3478 autograft, three-dimensional external fixation, and internal fixation in a XXXX with primary @entity421 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformity']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma', 'tibial osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is well established that @entity2025 virus nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) can act as a potent repressor of gene expression, but little is known about the sequence of events occurring during the repression process. To explore further the role of EBNA3C in gene repression-particularly in relation to histone modifications and cell factors involved-the three host genes previously reported as most robustly repressed by EBNA3C were investigated. @entity10141 , a gene of unknown function, is regulated by EBNA3C alone and the two co-regulated disintegrin/metalloproteases, @entity10142 and @entity10143 have been described previously as targets of both EBNA3A and EBNA3C. For the first time, EBNA3C was here shown to be the main regulator of all three genes early after @entity281 of primary B cells. Using various EBV-recombinants, repression over orders of magnitude was seen only when EBNA3C was expressed. Unexpectedly, full repression was not achieved until 30 days after @entity281 . This was accurately reproduced in established LCLs carrying EBV-recombinants conditional for EBNA3C function, demonstrating the utility of the conditional system to replicate events early after @entity281 . Using this system, detailed chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the initial repression was associated with loss of activation-associated histone modifications (H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3K4me3) and was independent of recruitment of polycomb proteins and deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 modification, which were only observed later in repression. Most remarkable, and in contrast to current models of @entity4853 in repression, was the observation that this DNA-binding factor accumulated at the EBNA3C-binding sites only when EBNA3C was functional. Transient reporter assays indicated that repression of these genes was dependent on the interaction between EBNA3C and @entity4853 . This was confirmed with a novel EBV-recombinant encoding a mutant of EBNA3C unable to bind @entity4853 , by showing this virus was incapable of repressing @entity10141 or @entity10142 / @entity10143 in newly infected primary B cells.

title: EBNA3C Directs Recruitment of @entity4853 ( XXXX ) to Chromatin during the Process of Gene Repression in EBV Infected B Cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr']

answer: @entity4853 :: (3516,Gene) :: ['CBF1']


abstract: CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Partial nephrectomy has become the standard of care for @entity703 less than 4 cm in diameter. Controversy still exists, however, regarding the best surgical approach, especially when minimally invasive techniques are taken into account. @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) has emerged as a promising technique that helps surgeons achieve the standards of open partial nephrectomy care while offering a minimally invasive approach. The objective of the present study was to describe our initial experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and extensively review the pertinent literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2009 and February 2010, eight consecutive selected @entity1 with contrast enhancing renal masses observed by CT were submitted to @entity1625 in a private institution. In addition, we collected information on the @entity1 ' demographics, preoperative @entity5 characteristics and detailed operative, postoperative and pathological data. In addition, a PubMed search was performed to provide an extensive review of the robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy literature. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had @entity1625 on the left or right sides with no intraoperative complications. One @entity1 was electively converted to a robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy. The operative time ranged from 120 to 300 min, estimated @entity190 (EBL) ranged from 75 to 400 mL and, in five cases, the @entity63 ( @entity63 ) ranged from 18 to 32 min. Two @entity1 did not require any clamping. Overall, no transfusions were necessary, and there were no intraoperative complications or adverse postoperative clinical events. All margins were negative, and all @entity1 were disease-free at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1625 is a feasible and safe approach to small renal cortical masses. Further prospective studies are needed to compare open partial nephrectomy with its minimally invasive counterparts.

title: XXXX : initial experience in Brazil and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['RALPN', 'Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['WIT', 'warm ischemia time']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The study examines the outcomes of the 'inject and cut' endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), for large sessile and flat @entity1127 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2008 all @entity1 referred to our institution for EMR of large @entity1127 were prospectively evaluated. The accuracy of lifting sign and the rate of en bloc and piecemeal resection, complications and recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 157 @entity1 with 182 lesions (median size 24.7 +/- 10.2 mm) were included in the study. The most frequent location was the sigmoid colon in 30.2%. Because of non-lifting sign, 5/182 lesions were referred to surgical resection and 177 (43 flat and 134 sessile) were resected, 79 (44.6%) en bloc and 98 (55.4%) piecemeal. There were 20 procedural (11.3%) and 2 late (1.1%) @entity548 , 4 post-polypectomy syndrome (2.2%) and 2 perforations (1.1%). Bleeding was related to @entity5 (p = 0.01). Intramucosal @entity5 was observed in 5 cases (2.8%) while invasive @entity5 was seen in 8 (4.5%). Malignancy was related to polyp size >or=30 mm (p = 0.002). Follow-up colonoscopy was performed in 147 @entity1 with 172 EMR for a mean of 19.8 months. Recurrence was observed in 12/172 (6.9%) @entity1127 . CONCLUSION: Inject and cut EMR is practical and effective with a low risk of complication and local recurrence.

title: Efficacy, safety and outcomes of 'inject and cut' endoscopic mucosal resection for large sessile and flat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: PURPOSE: Relation of clinical factors to frequency, type, and, in particular, outcome of @entity9292 in @entity30 was studied. METHODS: One hundred twelve @entity1 seen in this hospital between January 1972 and June 1993 who suffered from @entity30 were included in the study. Those 35 (31 percent) with @entity9292 were re-examined or interviewed and asked about their perianal symptoms and anal control. RESULTS: Rectal involvement of @entity30 was associated with an increased incidence of @entity9292 (49 vs. 17 percent; P < 0.01), especially high ones (82 vs. 17 percent; P < 0.01). Ten of 18 @entity1 with low @entity292 underwent fistulotomy; all 10 @entity292 healed, but slowly (mean healing time, 7.5 months), and 4 of them recurred. Of eight low @entity292 managed by drainage alone, four healed. Finally, 11 of 18 @entity1 with low @entity292 had their @entity292 heated. Fourteen of 17 @entity1 with high @entity292 were primarily treated by drainage and 3 by local surgery. Finally, only three @entity1 had healed @entity292 --two after simple drainage and one after local surgery, and seven @entity1 had to undergo proctectomy. Only two @entity1 with low @entity292 required proctectomy. Eight @entity1 (33 percent) of those 24 with @entity292 in whom anal continence could be assessed, 5 with local surgery and 3 with drainage alone, reported minor defects in anal control. CONCLUSIONS: Fistulotomy is a justifiable option with satisfactory results for low symptomatic @entity9292 associated with @entity30 , although healing may be delayed and some @entity292 will recur. Outcome of high @entity292 is less satisfactory, and proctectomy is ultimately required in a number of @entity1 ; therefore, for high @entity292 a conservative approach is primarily recommended.

title: Factors related to frequency, type, and outcome of @entity9292 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistulas', 'anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity198 is generally presumed, even when @entity410 follow banal @entity281 , and pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid fails. This retrospective multicenter case series reports on 22 previously healthy @entity1 aged 3-15 years (median 6.5 years) with prolonged or recurrent @entity410 occurring 2-14 days (median 5 days) after fever onset (19 @entity1 with respiratory or nonspecific @entity281 ). Cerebrospinal fluid studies revealed 2-42 cells/microl (median 5 cells/microl) and no pathogens. Electroencephalography showed diffuse slowing or multifocal discharges. Neuroimaging demonstrated normal findings in 10 @entity1 . Brain biopsies were performed in seven @entity1 showing @entity5219 but no @entity32 . Anesthetic barbiturates were used in 14 @entity1 with refractory @entity159 , and immunotherapy in 9. Two @entity1 died, eight remained in a state of @entity1662 , eight developed therapy-refractory @entity302 , two had behavioral disturbances, and two recovered. The lack of evidence for @entity198 suggests another infection-related pathogenesis of this disastrous @entity302 . Therefore, we propose the term " @entity281 -related @entity302 " ( @entity302 ).

title: @entity302 ( XXXX ): a nonencephalitic encephalopathy in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis', 'Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['febrile infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy syndrome', 'epilepsies', 'epileptic encephalopathy', 'FIRES']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['FIRES']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity165 is an essential substance for maintaining normal structure and function of the brain. But unfortunately, a long-term high- @entity165 diet can lead to a variety of pathological changes of the brain such as b-amyloid (Ab) accumulation, @entity3072 , reactive @entity5219 , @entity528 and synaptic degeneration. These pathological changes have complex internal relations with one other, causing @entity2414 and participating in the pathogenesis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, early @entity1007 -induced events that @entity75 are not clear. To address this, 6-month-old female @entity19 were fed a 3% @entity165 diet for 8weeks, followed by behavioral, biochemical and neuropathological analyses. The high- @entity165 -fed @entity19 did not show @entity528 or @entity73 compared with @entity19 given a normal diet, but astrocytes were mildly activated with increased expression of functional markers including @entity6970 and @entity22440 in the hippocampus. Hippocampal @entity635 expression slightly increased, but @entity777 ( @entity777 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a did not change significantly compared with those in the control group. Levels of Ab, and its precursor protein, were unaffected, but levels of @entity20933 and @entity22441 ( @entity22441 ), that initiate Ab generation and degradation, respectively, increased in the hippocampus of the model @entity19 . In addition, Tau phosphorylation levels were not different between the control and model groups. These results suggest that changes in astrocyte functional markers and Ab metabolism proteins, which contribute to maintaining brain @entity165 and Ab homeostasis, are early events in the process of @entity1007 -related neuropathological changes.

title: Changes in astrocyte functional markers and b-amyloid metabolism-related proteins in the early stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lead to brain deterioration']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Tau hyperphosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal and synaptic impairment', 'neuroinflammation, neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol', 'Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity22441 :: ('15925(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IDE', 'insulin-degrading enzyme']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To summarize the clinical presentation, histological features, treatment, and outcome of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of cases of @entity8 in @entity1252 @entity1 reported in the English literature from January 1985 to May 2009 by a Medline search. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of @entity8 in biopsy-proven @entity1988 is 2.3% in childhood and 1.1% in adults. There are 13 individual cases (12 @entity1 , one @entity1 ) of @entity1252 reported in the literature. The mean age of @entity1310 onset was 32.7 years. In six (46%) @entity1 , @entity8 was the initial manifestation of @entity1252 . All @entity1 presented with @entity1985 and two (15%) had active urinary sediments. Renal function was impaired in eight (62%) @entity1 and six (46%) @entity1 had active lupus serology. All @entity1 responded promptly to high-dose glucocorticoids but four (31%) had relapse of @entity644 during their course of @entity1252 . None of the @entity1 developed @entity1031 or infective complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is an uncommon histological class of @entity1988 . Typically, @entity1 present with heavy @entity644 , and transient @entity8 is common. The prognosis of @entity8 in @entity1252 appears to be good because of its rapid response to glucocorticoids. Relapses of @entity644 may be reduced by the use of maintenance immunosuppression. Alkylating agents, calcineurin inhibitors, @entity618 , and rituximab can be considered in glucocorticoid-dependent or refractory cases of @entity1252 .

title: Minimal XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change nephropathy', 'MCN', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE-related MCN']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['mesangial lupus nephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate physical examination findings, central venous pressure, fluid output, and central venous @entity26 saturation with pulmonary artery catheter parameters. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Data from the multicenter Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial of the National Institutes of Health Acute @entity649 Network. @entity1 : Five hundred thirteen @entity1 with @entity647 randomized to treatment with a pulmonary artery catheter. INTERVENTIONS: Correlation of physical examination findings (capillary refill time >2 secs, knee mottling, or cool extremities), central venous pressure, fluid output, and central venous @entity26 saturation with parameters from a pulmonary artery catheter. MEASUREMENTS: We determined association of baseline physical examination findings and on-study parameters of central venous pressure and central venous @entity26 saturation with cardiac index <2.5 L/min/m2 and mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60%. We determined correlation of baseline central venous @entity26 saturation and mixed venous @entity26 saturation and predictive value of a low central venous @entity26 saturation for a low mixed venous @entity26 saturation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prevalence of cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60% was 8.1% and 15.5%, respectively. Baseline presence of all three physical examination findings had low sensitivity (12% and 8%), high specificity (98% and 99%), low positive predictive value (40% and 56%), but high negative predictive value (93% and 86%) for cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60%, respectively. Central venous @entity26 saturation <70% predicted a mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60% with a sensitivity 84%,specificity 70%, positive predictive value 31%, and negative predictive value of 96%. Low cardiac index correlated with cool extremities, high central venous pressure, and low 24-hr fluid output; and low mixed venous @entity26 saturation correlated with knee mottling and high central venous pressure, but these correlations were not found to be clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS: In this subset of @entity1 with @entity647 , there is a high prior probability that cardiac index and mixed venous @entity26 saturation are normal and physical examination findings of ineffective circulation are not useful for predicting low cardiac index or mixed venous @entity26 saturation. Central venous @entity26 saturation <70% does not accurately predict mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60%, but a central venous @entity26 saturation >or=70% may be useful to exclude mixed venous @entity26 saturation <60%.

title: Association of physical examination with pulmonary artery catheter parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Distress Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate lorry drivers' work stress by measurement of @entity1425 and @entity1063 excreted in the urine, and to find out which factors in their working situation are related to the excretion rates of these @entity2661 . METHODS: The urinary excretion of @entity1425 and @entity1063 of 32 lorry drivers, who also had loading and unloading activities to perform, was studied for one working day and one rest day. Each driver was asked to provide six urine samples on both days. RESULTS: For all samples, except the first (overnight) sample, the excretion rates of both @entity2661 on the working day were higher than those on the rest day. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were carried out to find out which factors in the drivers' working situation were related to the excretion rate of the working day. The excretion rate of @entity1425 on the rest day, age, and @entity5539 complaints were positively related to the excretion rate on the working day (all P < 0.05). Body mass index and physical workload during loading and unloading were positively related to @entity1063 excretion rate (both P < 0.01). Psychosocial job strain did not significantly contribute to the proportion of variance explained in the excretion rates of both @entity2661 . CONCLUSIONS: The excretion rates of @entity1425 and, especially, @entity1063 on the working day were higher than those found in earlier studies among professional drivers and insufficient recovery took place after the work was ended. The only association between excretion rate on the working day and work stressors was found for @entity1063 and physical workload. The drivers' sympathoadrenal medullary reactivity to everyday work demands shows the characteristics of sustained activation.

title: Lorry drivers' work stress evaluated by XXXX excreted in urine.

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: We have previously reported the detection of endotoxin in the amniotic fluid of @entity1 with gram-negative @entity281 . Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is a potent biologic product capable of inducing @entity3009 release from several cell types and, therefore, may be involved in the onset of @entity1 parturition in the presence of @entity281 . This article describes a technique for the quantification of endotoxin in amniotic fluid. The method uses a computer-assisted quantification of the turbidimetric reaction between the Limulus amebocyte lysate and endotoxin. Serial dilutions of @entity526 endotoxin in culture-negative amniotic fluid were prepared, and the samples were run in the assay. Amniotic fluid was found to enhance the reaction, and a dilution of 1:20 was required for this biologic fluid to behave similarly to pyrogen-free water. The sensitivity of this kinetic turbidimetric technique in the detection of endotoxin in amniotic fluid was 40 pg/ml. This method was applied to the quantification of endotoxin concentration in amniotic fluid in 26 @entity1 with @entity281 and premature rupture of membranes. @entity1 in active labor had higher concentrations of endotoxin (median = 47,514 pg/ml) than nonlaboring @entity1 (median = 635 pg/ml) (p less than 0.025). Therefore, @entity1 with @entity3152 had a higher median concentration of endotoxin in amniotic fluid than @entity1 who were not in labor.

title: @entity281 . II. Bacterial endotoxin in amniotic fluid and its relationship to the onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intraamniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']