abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4053 presents a significant risk for @entity1 with @entity1723 . We propose a predictive @entity4053 detection algorithm that uses continuous @entity413 monitor (CGM) data with explicit certainty measures to enable early corrective action. METHOD: The algorithm uses multiple statistical linear predictions with regression windows between 5 and 75 minutes and prediction horizons of 0 to 20 minutes. The regressions provide standard deviations, which are mapped to predictive error distributions using their averaged statistical correlation. These error distributions give confidence levels that the CGM reading will drop below a hypoglycemic threshold. An alarm is generated if the resultant probability of @entity4053 from our predictions rises above an appropriate, user-settable value. This level trades off the positive predictive value against lead time and missed events. RESULTS: The algorithm was evaluated using data from 26 inpatient admissions of Navigator(R) 1-minute readings obtained as part of a DirecNet study. CGM readings were postprocessed to remove dropouts and calibrate against finger stick measurements. With a confidence threshold set to provide alarms that correspond to hypoglycemic events 60% of the time, our results were (1) a 23-minute mean lead time, (2) false positives averaging a lowest blood @entity413 value of 97 mg/dl, and (3) no missed hypoglycemic events, as defined by CGM readings. Using linearly interpolated FreeStyle capillary @entity413 readings to define hypoglycemic events provided (1) the lead time was 17 minutes, (2) the lowest mean @entity413 with @entity2849 was 100 mg/dl, and (3) no hypoglycemic events were missed. CONCLUSION: Statistical linear prediction gives significant lead time before hypoglycemic events with an explicit, tunable trade-off between longer lead times and fewer missed events versus fewer @entity2849 .

title: Statistical XXXX prediction.

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false alarms']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Cultures of isolated testicular cells are widely used for evaluating mechanisms of action of direct-acting testicular toxicants. However, for testicular cells, the expression of @entity137 in vitro is frequently different from that found in vivo. @entity17884 (ME) produces @entity75 in @entity35 which are characterized by pachytene spermatocyte degeneration 24 hr after dosing. As part of a study to evaluate mechanisms of male germ cell toxicants, we compared the morphological aspects of spermatocyte @entity137 after in vivo exposure to ME with those found in various testicular cell culture systems after in vitro exposure to the active ME metabolite, @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ). Immature @entity35 were used because they respond to in vivo ME treatment in the same way as adults, but their testes are relatively enriched in pachytene spermatocytes. 24-day-old @entity35 were given a single dose of 250 mg ME/kg body weight by gavage and the testes were evaluated 24 hr after dosing. In vitro, cultured seminiferous tubules, Sertoli-germ cell co-cultures, and enriched mixed germ cells, all prepared from 24-day-old @entity35 , were evaluated after 24-hr in vitro exposure to 5 mm @entity11596 (a level of @entity11596 found after ME exposure in vivo). Testes from ME-exposed @entity35 showed the expected pachytene spermatocyte degeneration 24 hr after dosing. Similar changes were observed in cultured seminiferous tubules after 24 hr of exposure to @entity11596 in vitro. However, without the intact seminiferous tubule structure in vitro, the expression of @entity11596 spermatocyte @entity137 was different. In conventional Sertoli-germ cell co-cultures, spermatocyte detachment from the Sertoli cell monolayer occurred as expected, although no significant morphological degeneration was observed in these detached germ cells. Similarly, no increase in degenerating spermatocytes was noted in isolated enriched mixed germ cells after in vitro @entity11596 exposure. Instead, @entity137 in these germ cell fractions was expressed only by increased uptake of @entity3460 dye, revealing an increase in plasma membrane permeability. In summary, this in vivo/in vitro comparison of the spermatocyte @entity137 of ME/ @entity11596 showed that the expression of @entity137 is different in the different culture architectures and that an intact seminiferous tubule structure is required for full expression of the morphological degeneration produced by ME/ @entity11596 , and suggests the usefulness of culture seminiferous tubules in future mechanistic studies.

title: Spermatocyte XXXX of @entity17884 in vivo and in vitro: Requirement for an intact seminiferous tubule structure for germ cell degeneration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['testicular lesions']

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Methoxyethanol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: For @entity395 it may be difficult to generate data from randomized trials to support funding of a drug. Enzyme replacement therapies for diseases of @entity2246 provide an example of this dilemma. The Ontario Public Drug Programs convened the Drugs for Rare Diseases Working Group to develop a policy for assessing these drugs. METHODS: The Drugs for Rare Diseases Working Group developed terms of reference expecting that the ideal policy product would be transparent and consistent and address unique aspects of the treatment of a specific rare condition while being adaptable to other dissimilar conditions. The perspective was that of a public payer addressing requests for funding generated for a specific drug, and included respect for the principles of "accountability for reasonableness" of Daniels and Sabin. RESULTS: A seven-step framework was developed and tested by using the case study of @entity20102 for @entity5684 ( @entity66 ). Estimation of clinical effectiveness was done by using decision modeling. The model developed informed funding recommendations and ultimately led to an agreement with the manufacturer allowing funding of @entity20102 in Ontario. CONCLUSIONS: This policy framework attempts to address the policy challenges of funding drugs for @entity395 . The framework will be used to assess other drugs in future and will inevitably require modification with experience. It is hoped that it may be of value to other policymakers.

title: An evaluation framework for funding drugs for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis II']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inherited metabolic enzyme deficiency']

answer: @entity395 :: (MESH:D035583,Disease) :: ['rare diseases']


abstract: @entity8 is one of the most common @entity631 throughout the world, which is thought to be the multifactorial complex diseases, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to this disease. The failure of replicating the single genes in previous association studies may be of that the gene-gene interaction might have more influence on the susceptibility of the complex diseases. In all, 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 candidate genes (which were involved in the pathways implicated in the development or progression of @entity6994 ) were selected to conduct a large case-control association study in 527 @entity6994 @entity1 and 543 healthy controls. Traditional linear logistic regression analyses were used to detect single-locus associations in dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust the P-values for multiple testing. The gene-gene interaction effects of multiple SNPs were detected by multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. After Bonferroni correction, no significant single-locus associations was observed between @entity6994 @entity1 and controls (Pc>0.05). The MDR analysis showed a potential interaction of @entity30269 @entity35661 ( @entity30270 ) and @entity19757 31+197A/G ( @entity35662 ) on the susceptibility of @entity6994 (P<0.001). Gene-gene interaction may have some influence on the susceptibility to @entity8 . This finding proposed a potential gene-gene interactive model for future studies.

title: Interaction of @entity30269 - @entity19757 on the susceptibility to XXXX in Southern Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: From 1963 to 1977, 349 radical abdominal hysterectomies with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed for Stage IB (331 @entity1 ) and Stage IIA (18 @entity1 ) cervical @entity5 at the New York Medical College, with no operative deaths. Definitive diagnosis was obtained from the biopsy specimen in 281 @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity1 were pregnant when the diagnosis was established. The average operating time was 4 hours and 48 minutes with an average @entity190 of 900 ml. Eleven fistulas were noted: ureterovaginal, 7; vesicovaginal, 3; rectovaginal, 1. Since 1972, there have been no fistulas in 130 radical hysterectomies. @entity189 of the regional lymph nodes was discovered in 27 @entity1 for an incidence of 7.7%. Postoperative total pelvic external irradiation was utilized in 40 @entity1 (27 with positive nodes, 10 with microscopic @entity189 in vascular channels, and an additional three @entity1 with an inadequate vaginal extirpation margin). A total of 62% of those @entity1 with poor prognostic criteria receiving postoperative irradiation are alive and well. Two hundred nineteen @entity1 have been followed up for at least 5 years and the survival rate was 90%. Our data support the view that radical abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 with Stages IB and IIA cervical @entity5 in the nonpregnant state, unless there are major medical contraindications.

title: Surgical treatment of stages IB and IIA invasive XXXX by radical abdominal hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the visual and anatomic outcomes of @entity1 with refractory or recurrent neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) who were converted from bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab to aflibercept. DESIGN: Two-center, retrospective chart review. METHODS: Treatment history, visual acuity (VA), and central macular thickness (CMT) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were collected. @entity1 were divided into "refractory" (persistent exudation despite monthly injections) or "recurrent" (exudation suppressed, but requiring frequent injections). RESULTS: One hundred and two eyes of 94 @entity1 were included; 68 were refractory and 34 were recurrent. Eyes received a mean of 20.4 prior bevacizumab/ranibizumab injections and a mean of 3.8 aflibercept injections. Mean follow-up was 18  weeks. Mean VA was 20/50-1 before conversion, 20/50-2 after 1 aflibercept injection (P  = .723), and 20/50+2 after the final injection (P  = .253). Subgroup analysis of refractory and recurrent cases also showed stable VA. Of the refractory cases, mean CMT had improved after 1 injection (P < .001) and the final injection (P < .001). Intraretinal (P  <  .001) and subretinal (P < .001) fluid decreased after 1 injection, and the mean injection interval was extended from 5.2 to 6.2  weeks (P  = .003). Of the recurrent cases, mean CMT improved after 1 injection (P  <  .001) and the final injection (P < .001). Intraretinal (P  = .003) and subretinal (P  = .046) fluid decreased after 1 injection, and the mean injection interval was extended from 7.2 to 9.5  weeks (P  = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Converting @entity1 with chronic @entity1020 to aflibercept results in stabilized vision and improved anatomic outcomes, while allowing injection intervals to be extended.

title: Conversion to aflibercept for chronic refractory or recurrent neovascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular AMD', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: The Nano Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (NAMS) was deployed to rural/coastal and urban sites to measure the composition of 20-25 nm diameter nanoparticles during new particle formation (NPF). NAMS provides a quantitative measure of the elemental composition of individual, size-selected nanoparticles. In both environments, particles analyzed during NPF were found to be enhanced in elements associated with inorganic species ( @entity1568 , @entity599 ) relative to that associated with organic species ( @entity505 ). A molecular apportionment algorithm was applied to the elemental data in order to place the elemental composition into a molecular context. These measurements show that @entity597 constitutes a substantial fraction of total particle mass in both environments. The contribution of @entity8316 to new particle growth was quantitatively determined and the gas-phase @entity8316 concentration required to incorporate the measured @entity597 fraction was calculated. The calculated values were compared to those calculated by a @entity8316 proxy that considers solar radiation and @entity9734 levels. The two values agree within experimental uncertainty. @entity597 accounts for 29-46% of the total mass growth of particles. Other species contributing to growth include @entity3104 , @entity1507 , and organics. For each location, the relative amounts of these species do not change significantly with growth rate. However, for the coastal location, @entity597 contribution increases with increasing temperature whereas @entity1507 contribution decreases with increasing temperature.

title: Quantitative assessment of the XXXX contribution to new particle growth.

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity8316 :: (MESH:C033158,Chemical) :: ['sulfuric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear if socioeconomic factors like type of insurance influence time to referral and developmental outcomes for @entity4806 @entity1 undergoing @entity302 surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study determined whether private compared with state government insurance was associated with shorter intervals of @entity410 onset to surgery and better developmental quotients for @entity4806 @entity1 undergoing @entity302 surgery. METHODS: A consecutive cohort (n = 420) of @entity4806 @entity1 undergoing @entity302 surgery were retrospectively categorized into those with Medicaid (California @entity1 's Services; n = 91) or private (Preferred Provider Organization, Health Maintenance Organization, Indemnity; n = 329) insurance. Intervals from @entity410 onset to referral and surgery and Vineland developmental assessments were compared by insurance type with the use of log-rank tests. RESULTS: Compared with private insurance, @entity1 with Medicaid had longer intervals from @entity410 onset to referral for evaluation (log-rank test, P = .034), and from @entity410 onset to surgery (P = .017). In a subset (25%) that had Vineland assessments, @entity1 with Medicaid compared with private insurance had lower Vineland scores presurgery (P = .042) and postsurgery (P = .003). Type of insurance was not associated with @entity410 severity, types of operations, etiology, postsurgical @entity410 -free outcomes, and complication rate. CONCLUSION: Compared with Medicaid, @entity1 with private insurance had shorter intervals from @entity410 onset to referral and to @entity302 surgery, and this was associated with lower Vineland scores before surgery. These findings may reflect delayed access for uninsured @entity1 who eventually obtained state insurance. Reasons for the delay and whether longer intervals before @entity302 surgery affect long-term cognitive and developmental outcomes warrant further prospective investigations.

title: Time to @entity4806 XXXX surgery is longer and developmental outcomes lower for government compared with private insurance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: MOTIVATION: It has been debated whether @entity1 need to have @entity5406 to be classified as having @entity244 . In this study, we have therefore in detail evaluated and compared a large number of @entity1 with an acute onset of @entity370 and bilateral @entity3329 (BHL), with or without @entity5406 ( @entity5406 ). This study is important because it may lead to a more accurate definition of @entity244 , and an exact phenotype of @entity1 is crucial in modern medical research. BACKGROUND: @entity244 is commonly regarded as a distinct clinical entity. METHODS: We have in detail evaluated a large group of @entity1 (n = 150) with an acute onset of @entity370 with BHL, in most cases with @entity221 , @entity5406 , and/or bilateral @entity625 or periarticular @entity32 . Within this group, 87 @entity1 had @entity5406 ( @entity5406 positive), whereas 63 were without @entity5406 ( @entity5406 negative), though with distinct symmetric @entity32 . RESULTS: @entity5406 -positive and @entity5406 -negative @entity1 were identical in every aspect except that there were significantly more @entity1 in the @entity5406 -positive group: 58 @entity1 (67%) in the @entity5406 -positive group compared with only 17 (27%) @entity1 in the @entity5406 -negative group (p < 0.0001). In all other aspects, such as age, smoking habits, seasonal clustering of disease onset, rate of positive biopsies, chest radiography, pulmonary function, bronchoalveolar lavage cell distributions including the typically increased @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, and clinical development of the disease, the @entity5406 -positive and @entity5406 -negative groups were close to identical. The two groups were also identically strongly associated with @entity1533 *0301/ @entity3098 *0201, with 60 (69.0%) and 44 (69.8%) @entity1 having this particular HLA type in the @entity5406 -positive and @entity5406 -negative groups, respectively. Such @entity1 recovered to the same degree-that is, at almost 100%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that manifestations of @entity244 differ between @entity1 and @entity1 , with @entity5406 found predominantly in @entity1 , whereas a marked periarticular @entity32 of the ankles or @entity625 without @entity5406 is seen preferentially in @entity1 .

title: Sex-specific manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ankle inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['ankle arthritis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["L  fgren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['EN', 'erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['L  fgren's syndrome']


abstract: @entity150 is a heterogeneous disease: approximately 75% of its forms are non muscle invasive @entity5 . Standard treatment for non muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) consists of complete transurethral resection (TURB) of all visible lesions. Recurrence rates following TURB and intravesical chemoprophylaxis seem to decrease to 25-50% in 2 years of follow-up. The aim of the present paper is to review findings from the most relevant studies and evaluate the potentials of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in the treatment of non muscle invasive @entity150 . Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE(R) and Pubmed(R) databases up to 2010 using both medical subject heading (Mesh) and a free text strategy with the name of known individual chemotherapeutic drug and the following key words: "non muscle-invasive @entity150 ", "intravesical therapy", " @entity1138 ", "Device Therapy". At the end of our research in literature we selected 66 articles. From literature is clear that in case of low or intermediate risk superficial @entity150 , @entity1139 is one of the most used agents with limited side effects. In fact @entity1139 has a high molecular weight and is relatively hydrophobic, resulting in less sistemic absorption. Regimens are based on weekly instillations but despite many studies there is not universal consensus on timing and duration of therapy. @entity1139 early istillation seems effective in preventing @entity5 recurrence in low risk non muscle invasive @entity5 . @entity1139 maintenance chemotherapy continue to be considered effective in reducing @entity5 recurrence rate in low and intermediate @entity5 . It is known in literature that the lack of response to intravesical chemotherapy in @entity1 with non muscle invasive @entity150 is due to two factors: lack of sensitivity of the @entity5 to intravesical chemotherapy and inadequate drug delivery to the @entity5 . In order to resolve these limitations in the last years @entity1139 , in many centers, is used with device assisted therapies or with new administration scheme.

title: @entity1138 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['risk tumours', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent cross-sectional studies revealed that @entity6288 is associated with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) in general population. However, it remains to be elucidated that the association between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and @entity1560 in patients with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this cross-sectional study of 145 Japanese patients (79 men and 66 women) with @entity164 2 @entity6 , we examined the correlation of SMI with @entity1560 . Skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and SMI (%) was defined as skeletal muscle mass (kg)/total body weight (kg) * 100. @entity536 ( @entity536 ) evaluated with transient elastography, was used for assessment of @entity1560 . In addition, we also investigated the association between SMI and prevalence of @entity1561 , which was defined as @entity536 over 237.8 dm(-1), using logistic regression analysis. Fifty-eight (74%) men and thirty-nine (60%) women had @entity1561 . Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SMI was independently correlated with @entity536 (b = -0.35, P = 0.007) in men after adjusting for age, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, @entity1674 / HDL-C ratio, C-reactive protein and @entity5428 transferase. On the other hand, SMI was not associated with @entity536 in women. Odds ratio per incremental 1% of SMI for prevalence of @entity1561 was 0.80 (95% CI 0.64-0.97, P = 0.021) after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking statues, @entity1674 / HDL-C ratio, HbA1c, and @entity5428 transferase in men. In conclusion, SMI was negatively associated with @entity1560 in men with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: The relationship between @entity1560 and skeletal muscle mass index in men with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['Controlled attenuation parameter', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: In @entity35 , acute i.v. administration of @entity10278 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) produced a @entity9598 response followed by a pressor response, while the acute i.p. administration of @entity10278 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) produced only a pressor response. @entity5521 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity4033 (10 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity1169 (2 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity3352 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as bilateral adrenalectomy, acute reserpinization and chemical sympathectomy by @entity2997 did not modify the acute pressor response to @entity10278 . @entity1855 (1 mg and 2 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity594 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) prevented the acute pressor response to @entity10278 administered by either i.v. or i.p. route. @entity5521 (10 micrograms/ml) could not prevent the rise in perfusion pressure of the @entity35 hindquarter due to intra-arterial @entity10278 administration. However, @entity1855 (50 and 100 micrograms/ml) prevented rise in perfusion pressure. It is concluded that @entity3409 ion might mimic @entity460 ion and produce a direct contractile effect on the vascular smooth muscle.

title: The acute pressor response to XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: Previous data have shown that the type II @entity6708  -dependent protein kinase ( @entity6709 II) inhibits the EGF  -induced MAPK signaling pathway. In order to thoroughly investigate @entity6709 , it is necessary to elucidate the function of another type of @entity6709 , @entity6709 I. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible inhibitory effect of @entity6709 II and @entity6709 I activity on the @entity540 ( @entity540 )  -induced proliferation and migration of U251 @entity1 @entity11 cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. U251 cells were infected with adenoviral constructs encoding cDNA of @entity6709 I (Ad  - @entity6709 I) or @entity6709 II (Ad  - @entity6709 II) to increase the expression levels of @entity6709 I or @entity6709 II and then treated with @entity11255 and 8  -pCPT  - @entity6708 , respectively, to activate the enzyme. An @entity98 assay was used to detect the proliferation of the U251 cells. The migration of the U251 cells was analyzed using a Transwell migration assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the phosphorylation/activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), @entity8047 and @entity3963 and the nuclear distribution of p- @entity3963 . The results showed that @entity540 treatment increased the proliferation and migration of U251 cells, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of FGFR, @entity8047 and @entity3963 . Furthermore, the nuclear distribution of p- @entity3963 increased following @entity540 treatment. Increasing the activity of @entity6709 II through infection with Ad- @entity6709 II and stimulation with @entity29742 significantly attenuated the aforementioned effects of the @entity540 treatment, while increased @entity6709 I activity did not inhibit the effects of @entity540 treatment. These data suggest that increased @entity6709 II activity attenuates @entity540  -induced proliferation and migration by inhibiting the MAPK/ @entity3963 signaling pathway, whereas @entity6709 I does not.

title: Type II, but not type I, XXXX -dependent protein kinase reverses @entity540 -induced proliferation and migration of U251 @entity1 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity997 ( @entity997 ) is an under treated disease. Although surgery for @entity997 remains an effective therapy, many @entity1 are considered to be at a high risk or otherwise inoperable. Caval valve implant (CAVI) offers an alternative to surgery in these @entity1 . Trials assessing the safety and efficacy of caval valve implant are lacking. METHODS: The Heterotopic Implantation Of the Edwards-Sapien XT Transcatheter Valve in the Inferior VEna cava for the treatment of severe @entity997 (HOVER) trial is an FDA approved, physician initiated, prospective, non-blinded (open label), non-randomized safety and feasibility study to determine the safety and efficacy of the heterotopic implantation of the Edwards-Sapien XT valve in the inferior vena cava for the treatment of severe @entity997 in @entity1 who are at high risk or inoperable. @entity1 with severe @entity997 in the absence of severe @entity120 will be recruited. They will be evaluated by a multi-disciplinary team who will agree by consensus that the @entity1 ' symptoms are from @entity997 . They will undergo imaging to assess the size of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to determine feasibility of the procedure. If @entity1 meet the inclusion criteria and are free from exclusion criteria, after informed consent they will be eligible for enrollment in the study. A total of 30 @entity1 will be enrolled. The primary objective of the study will be to demonstrate procedural success at 30-days and @entity1 success at 1-year. CONCLUSION: Caval valve implant may present an alternative for @entity1 who are at high risk or inoperable for tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) for @entity997 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Study design and rationale of the heterotopic implantation of the Edwards-Sapien XT transcatheter valve in the inferior VEna cava for the treatment of severe XXXX (HOVER) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'Tricuspid regurgitation', 'Tricuspid Regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: The effect of short-term pulsatile @entity4396 administration was studied in 8 healthy subjects ranging from 60 to 81 yr to see if the decrease of @entity10844 could be in part due to changes in the discharge of @entity4396 from the hypothalamus. Gonadotropin and @entity251 (T) secretion was evaluated two weeks before and during @entity4396 (122-160 ng/kg bw every 120 min sc) infusion. In addition, a bolus dosage of @entity4396 (50 mu iv) was given both at the beginning and at the end of pulsatile @entity4396 administration in order to test gonadotrophs sensitivity. A significant increase in gonadotropin levels from day 0 to day 4 was found, and was followed by a subsequent decrease from day 7 to day 14. A slight significant increase in T levels was observed during @entity4396 administration (p less than 0.01). LH pulses were identified in 5 out of 8 subjects on day 0. On day 14, all the exogenous @entity4396 pulses were followed by significant LH bursts. There was not a significant decrease in the pituitary LH responsiveness to @entity4396 test from day 0 to day 14. Our study seems to indicate that pituitary - gonadal unit in normal elderly @entity1 can be modulated by pulsatile administration of @entity4396 . A pulse frequency of @entity4396 which is probably similar to the physiological one, could induce a slight increase in T levels via qualitative changes in LH activity. We can assume that clinical changes in gonadal activity might also be connected to some disturbances in endogenous @entity4396 pulsar.

title: Effect of pulsatile luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration on pituitary-gonadal function in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gonadal function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: @entity12116 Synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D) is a rare autosomal recessive @entity3205 , potentially leading to lethal @entity3263 . Based on the age of onset, there are two distinct phenotypes: neonatal and late form. The @entity28486 enzyme, located in the mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa, is encoded by the @entity28486 gene. At present more than 220 clear-cut genetic lesions leading to CPS1D have been reported. As most of them are private mutations diagnosis is complicated. Here we report an overview of the main clinical findings and biochemical and molecular data of 13 @entity28486 D Italian @entity1 . In two of them, one with the neonatal form and one with the late form, cadaveric auxiliary liver transplant was performed. Mutation analysis in these @entity1 identified 17 genetic lesions, 9 of which were new confirming their "private" nature. Seven of the newly identified mutations were missense/nonsense changes. In order to study their protein level effects, we performed an in silico analysis whose results indicate that the @entity535 substitutions occur at evolutionary conserved positions and affect residues necessary for enzyme stability or function.

title: XXXX synthetase 1 deficiency in Italy: clinical and genetic findings in a heterogeneous cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamoyl Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3205 :: ('MESH:D056806', 'Disease') :: ['urea cycle disorder']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity12116 :: (MESH:D002221,Chemical) :: ['Carbamoyl phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the ability of biopsy core recutting to increase @entity5 detection in @entity1 with @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ). METHODS: This prospective study encompasses all @entity1 undergoing 12 core TRUS guided prostate biopsy between February 2004 and January 2007. In @entity1 with @entity5436 on initial biopsy, the @entity982 blocks were resampled for @entity5 by additional deeper levels per core. Additional analysis was performed in the @entity1 with @entity5436 in order to detect whether significant differences in prebiopsy variables were associated with @entity1 subsequently found to have benign versus @entity189 on recutting. Last, the costs associated with this procedure were studied. RESULTS: Forty of 584 (6.8%) @entity1 undergoing prostate biopsy were found to have @entity5436 in the absence of @entity263 on initial histopathology. Following recutting, 12.5% (5/40) of these @entity1 were found to have @entity263 not previously detected. Of the remaining 35 @entity1 , 18 underwent repeat biopsy. Of these, five @entity1 were found to have @entity420 and three were found to have persistent @entity5436 . The PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and PSA velocity (PSAV) prior to initial biopsy were not statistically different when comparing @entity1 found to have benign tissue versus @entity189 on recutting. In @entity1 with @entity5436 , at our institution, recutting the biopsy would yield a cost savings of  436/ @entity1 as opposed to universal rebiopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that prostate biopsy recutting may increase @entity5 detection in @entity1 initially found to have @entity5436 . Additionally, a significant cost savings is associated with the recutting protocol.

title: Recutting prostate needle core biopsies with XXXX increases detection of @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['HGPIN', 'high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: It has been proposed that lowering glomerular pressure in @entity1 with @entity1723 will reduce microalbuminuria and that this reduction may preserve renal function. We therefore conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to compare 3 months of treatment with the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3371 (0.9 mg/kg/day), and 3 months of placebo administration to 12 normotensive adolescents with @entity1723 , 11 with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate of 15 to 200 micrograms/min) and one with early overt @entity8 . Mean age (+/- SD) was 14.4 +/- 1.7 years, and disease duration was 5.1 +/- 2.5 years. Albumin excretion rate decreased significantly during @entity3371 therapy (baseline 78 +/- 114 micrograms/min; mean of monthly measurements 38 +/- 55 micrograms/min vs placebo 78 +/- 140 micrograms/min; p less than 0.001). During @entity3371 therapy, albumin excretion was reduced by 41 +/- 44% and decreased in 10 of 12 subjects, but was unchanged in two, one with a borderline albumin excretion rate (16.3 micrograms/min) and one with @entity6 of short duration (2.9 years). Plasma @entity916 activity rose significantly during @entity3371 therapy, and mean arterial pressure decreased slightly (placebo 81 +/- 7 mm Hg; @entity3371 76 +/- 5 mm Hg; p = 0.004). After 3 months of @entity3371 treatment, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow did not change significantly. Hemoglobin Alc values remained stable during the study. The only side effect of @entity3371 was @entity294 in one @entity1 . We conclude that, in the short term, @entity3371 is effective in decreasing albumin excretion rate in normotensive @entity1 with @entity1723 and microalbuminuria, without significant side effects. Longer trials are indicated in an attempt to delay or prevent overt @entity8 .

title: @entity1289 inhibitor therapy to decrease microalbuminuria in normotensive @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Moroccan version of the Quebec Back @entity158 Disability Scale (QDS) and to investigate its reliability and validity in Moroccan @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QDS were developed in agreement with published guidelines. The QDS was translated by use of the forward and backward translation procedure. After pretest, it was validated in 64 Moroccan @entity1 with @entity1643 . The QDS was recorded twice, at baseline visit and 72  h later. Reproducibility was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman method. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach a coefficient. Ceiling and floor effects were assessed. Validity was measured by correlating the scores of the Moroccan QDS with visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity158 , Disability VAS, Schober test, fingertip-floor measurement and the Moroccan version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) by means of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Association with gender and education level was also studied. Reliability was excellent with an ICC (type 2.1) of 0.959 (CI 95%: 0.934-0.975). The internal consistency was high with a Cronbach a of 0.979. The Bland and Altman method showed homogenous distribution of the differences, with no systematic trend. There were no floor or ceiling effects. The correlation between QDS and RMDQ was very good (r   =   0.664; p    <=   0.001). There was no correlation between QDS and the other variables. Accordingly, the Moroccan version of QDS has good reproducibility, internal consistency and validity for the assessment of disability in Moroccan-speaking @entity1 with @entity1643 .

title: Translation, adaptation and validation of the Moroccan version of the Quebec Back XXXX Disability Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity64 is a common, severe, and disabling condition that is recognized as a major public health problem. Our goal was to study the clinical features and prognosis of @entity51 in @entity64 @entity1 hospitalized in the neurology department of the Yalgado-Oeudraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study took place from March 1 through September 30, 2012. The study included all @entity1 with @entity717 following a CT-confirmed @entity64 that had occurred within the previous month. @entity1 were reviewed at one month (M1) and three months (M3) to assess their current treatment and their autonomy, by the Barthel Index. During the study period, 59 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity64 , 56 with @entity717 for a 95% prevalence of @entity64 with @entity51 . Their mean age was 57.8    17.7 years (range: 20 to 84 years), and the sex-ratio of 1.6 (male/female). Overall, 61% of the @entity64 were @entity63 and 39% hemorrhagic, with an equal distribution of right and left @entity1158 (46.4% each) and 7% of the @entity1 showing bilateral involvement. The mortality rate before M1 was 29% and before M3, 40%. On admission, 4% of @entity1 had a Barthel Index greater than 60, at M1 35%, and at M3, 60%. Only 51% of @entity1 received physical therapy. Characteristics significantly associated with functional recovery were age younger than 65 years (p = 0.0026), @entity74 at M1 (p = 0.002), @entity64 (compared to @entity63 ) (p = 0.0038), functional rehabilitation (p = 0.0012), and right (versus left) hemisphere damage (p = 0.010).

title: [Prognosis for XXXX after @entity64 in Burkina Faso].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit', 'motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disabilities']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['motor deficits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) area under the curve @entity2690 (AUC @entity2723 ) is the gold-standard measure of endogenous insulin secretion in type 1 @entity6 but is intensive and invasive to perform. The 90-min MMTT-stimulated @entity2723 >= 0.2 nmol/L (90CP) is related to improved clinical outcomes, and @entity2723 >= 0.1 nmol/L is the equivalent fasting measure ( @entity35552 ). We assessed whether 90CP or @entity35552 are alternatives to a full MMTT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity2723 was measured during 1,334 MMTTs in 421 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 aged <18 years at 3, 9, 18, 48, and 72 months duration. We assessed: 1) correlation between mean AUC @entity2723 and 90CP or @entity35552 ; 2) sensitivity and specificity of 90CP >= 0.2 nmol/L and @entity35552 >=  0.1 nmol/L to detect peak @entity2723 >= 0.2 nmol/L and the equivalent AUC @entity2723 ; and 3) how the time taken to reach the @entity2723 peak varied with age of diagnosis and @entity6 duration. RESULTS: AUC @entity2723 was highly correlated to 90CP (r(s) = 0.96; P < 0.0001) and strongly correlated to @entity35552 (r(s) = 0.84; P < 0.0001). AUC @entity2723 >= 23 nmol/L/150 min was the equivalent cutoff for peak @entity2723 >= 0.2 nmol/L (98% sensitivity/97% specificity). A 90CP >= 0.2 nmol/L correctly classified 96% @entity1 using AUC or peak @entity2723 , whereas @entity35552 >= 0.1 nmol/L classified 83 and 85% @entity1 , respectively. There was only a small difference seen between peak and 90CP (median 0.02 nmol/L). The @entity2723 peak occurred earlier in @entity1 with @entity6 (6.1 min each 1-year increase in duration) and younger age (2.5 min each 1-year increase). CONCLUSIONS: 90CP is a highly sensitive and specific measure of AUC and peak @entity2723 in @entity1 and adolescents with type 1 @entity6 and offers a practical alternative to a full MMTT.

title: Lessons from the mixed-meal tolerance test: use of 90-minute and fasting XXXX in pediatric @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['longer diabetes duration', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['C-peptide']


abstract: Autophagy has been emerging as a novel cytoprotective mechanism to increase @entity5 cell survival under conditions of metabolic stress and @entity519 as well as to escape chemotherapy-induced cell death. To elucidate whether autophagy might also protect @entity5 cells from the growth inhibitory effects of targeted therapies, we evaluated the autophagic status of preclinical @entity0 models exhibiting auto-acquired resistance to the anti- @entity1722 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Tzb). We first examined the basal autophagic levels in Tzb-naive SKBR3 cells and in two pools of Tzb-conditioned SKBR3 cells (TzbR), which optimally grow in the presence of Tzb doses as high as 200 microg/ml Tzb. Fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that the number of punctate @entity21684 structures -a hallmark of autophagy- was drastically higher in Tzb-refractory cells than in Tzb-sensitive SKBR3 parental cells. Immunoblotting analyses confirmed that the lipidation product of the autophagic conversion of @entity21684 was accumulated to high levels in TzbR cells. High levels of the @entity21684 lipidated form in Tzb-refractory cells were accompanied by decreased @entity16402 / @entity16402 protein expression, a phenomenon characterizing the occurrence of increased autophagic flux. Moreover, increased autophagy was actively used to survive Tzb therapy as TzbR pools were exquisitely sensitive to chemical inhibitors of autophagosomal formation/function. Knockdown of @entity21684 expression via siRNA similarly resulted in reduced TzbR cell proliferation and supra-additively interacted with Tzb to re-sensitize TzbR cells. Sub-groups of Tzb-naive SKBR3 parental cells accumulated @entity21684 punctate structures and decreased @entity16402 expression after treatment with high-dose Tzb, likely promoting their own resistance. This is the first report showing that @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 cells chronically exposed to Tzb exhibit a bona fide up-regulation of the autophagic activity that efficiently works to protect @entity0 cells from the growth-inhibitory effects of Tzb. Therapeutic targeting autophagosome formation/function might represent a novel molecular avenue to reduce the emergence of Tzb resistance in @entity1722 -dependent @entity0 .

title: Autophagy facilitates the development of @entity0 resistance to the anti- XXXX monoclonal antibody trastuzumab.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: We set up a new model of @entity356 induced by the luminal perfusion of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) in @entity35 pretreated with @entity1397 under conditions where acid secretion is stimulated, and examined the effect of antiulcer drugs on the @entity548 . Under @entity4774 anesthesia, acid secretion was stimulated by i.v. infusion of @entity112 (8 mg/kg/h), and two catheters were inserted into the stomach, one from the esophagus and another from the duodenum. The stomach was perfused with 25 mM @entity1281 at a rate of 0.1 ml/min using an infusion pump, and @entity356 was measured as hemoglobin concentration in the perfusate collected every 15 min. @entity1397 (30 mg/kg) was given orally 24 h before the perfusion. Various antiulcer drugs were given intraduodenally 30 min before the @entity1281 treatment. Perfusion of the stomach with @entity1281 provoked @entity356 or damage even when acid secretion was stimulated. Pretreatment with @entity1397 significantly increased the @entity548 and damage caused by @entity1281 . The @entity548 and lesions produced by @entity1281 plus @entity1397 were significantly prevented by pretreatment with @entity6359 and @entity4546 . Mucosal protective drugs such as rebamipide, @entity34182 and @entity13736 also prevented @entity356 response to @entity1281 / @entity1397 under conditions of acid secretion, although the effect was less pronounced than that of the antisecretory drugs. We conclude that @entity1397 increases @entity356 induced by @entity1281 when acid secretion is stimulated. Both antisecretory and mucosal protective drugs are effective in reducing @entity356 under such conditions. This model is useful for the screening of drugs that protect against @entity356 .

title: A new model of @entity356 induced in XXXX by @entity117 plus @entity1397 under stimulation of acid secretion. Prophylactic effects of antiulcer drugs.

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['teprenone']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity34182 :: ('MESH:C041836', 'Chemical') :: ['irsogladine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['little gastric bleeding', 'gastric bleeding']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment in advanced @entity43 (EOC) is based on primary cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Successful cytoreduction to minimal @entity5 burden is the most important determinant of prognosis. However, extensive surgical procedures to achieve maximal debulking are inevitably associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine predictors of 30-day morbidity after primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage EOC. METHODS: All @entity1 in the South Western part of the Netherlands who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage EOC between January 2004 and December 2007 were identified from the Rotterdam Cancer Registry database. All peri- and @entity260 within 30 days after surgery were registered and classified according to the definitions of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme (NSQIP). To investigate independent predictors of 30-day morbidity, a Cox proportional hazards model with backward stepwise elimination was utilised. The identified predictors were entered into a nomogram. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-three @entity1 entered the study protocol. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 136 (46%) @entity1 . 30-day morbidity was seen in 99 (34%) @entity1 . Postoperative morbidity could be predicted by age (P=0.007; odds ratio [OR] 1.034), WHO performance status (P=0.046; OR 1.757), extent of surgery (P=0.1308; OR=2.101), and operative time (P=0.017; OR 1.007) with an optimism corrected c-statistic of 0.68. CONCLUSION: 30-day morbidity could be predicted by age, WHO performance status, operative time and extent of surgery. The generated nomogram could be valuable for predicting operative risk in the individual @entity1 .

title: Prediction of 30-day morbidity after primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Voice problems affect up to 30% of the population at some time during their life, and in particular it affects those who use their voice professionally. @entity1 who commonly present with @entity7364 are often found to have symptoms of both @entity566 and reflux. Clinical examination of the larynx often makes it difficult to differentiate between the main causative factors of @entity7364 , as the clinical findings on nasendoscopy between reflux and @entity566 are similar. @entity8823 ( @entity8823 ), an entity of @entity354 , is a common diagnosis made in the voice out- @entity1 clinic. Few studies have been able to successfully correlate management of @entity8823 and outcome of @entity7364 . @entity566 or more specifically @entity2023 is said to affect approximately 24% of the population, but few studies have investigated its role in @entity7364 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTINGS: University teaching hospital otolaryngology department. @entity1 : Fifteen new @entity1 with @entity1740 were investigated for possible @entity8823 and @entity566 from April 2007 to October 2007. All @entity1 were tested using the validated @entity304 ( @entity304 ), reflux finding score (RFS) to diagnose @entity8823 , and both skin prick tests (SPT) and nasal @entity842 (NO) levels to diagnose the presence of @entity566 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of symptoms of reflux and @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with primary @entity1740 , and also whether @entity7364 thought to be caused by @entity8823 could actually be due to @entity566 . RESULTS: No positive correlation or statistical significance was found between reflux and @entity566 . From our sample 20% (three @entity1 ) were diagnosed with @entity8823 and 67% (ten @entity1 ) with @entity566 . The three @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8823 also had concomitant @entity566 . CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 cohort, three times as many @entity1 demonstrated @entity566 compared with @entity8823 . This has led us to question if some @entity1 with @entity56 are being misdiagnosed with @entity8823 and thereby being over-treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

title: Is XXXX due to @entity56 being misdiagnosed as laryngopharyngeal reflux?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'reflux symptom index']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['LPR', 'Laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['primary voice disorder', 'voice disorders']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: Early septic complications were studied in 292 @entity1 operated on for penetrating @entity130 of the abdomen with involvement of either the spleen or the liver, at Basrah Teaching Hospital between January 1983 and April 1986. Depending on associated injuries, @entity1 with splenectomy were divided into three groups, the first with isolated @entity130 , the second with splenic and associated extra-intestinal organ injury, and the third with splenic and intestinal injuries with or without extra-intestinal organ injury. @entity1 with @entity99 were classified similarly. Splenectomy was carried out for any degree of @entity130 . Grade I hepatic injuries were managed by d  bridement and suturing while major grades II-IV underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy. @entity1 were considered septic if they had any three of four clinical criteria: temperature higher than 39 degrees C; significant @entity5122 ; @entity3945 , or @entity1458 . Of the total, 79 were excluded due to: early transfer 51, incomplete records 8, perioperative @entity204 11, and having combined splenic and hepatic injuries 9 (excluded by definition), leaving 104 (74.8%) @entity1 with splenectomy and 109 (71.1%) with @entity99 available for study. @entity295 developed in 48 (46.1%) of @entity1 after splenectomy and in 28 (25.7%) with @entity99 . This difference was significant (P greater than 0.005). In @entity1 with isolated @entity130 , eight (25.8%) were septic while three (13.6%) of those with isolated @entity99 developed @entity295 . This was not significant (P = 0.32, Fisher's exact test). When either was associated with an injury to an extra-intestinal organ, 15 (50%) of the splenectomy group developed @entity295 compared to five (23.8%) of the @entity99 group. This did not reach significance. When either was associated with @entity1944 , @entity295 developed in 25 (58.1%) of the splenectomy @entity1 , in contrast to 20 (30.3%) of @entity1 with @entity99 . This was significant (P < 0.005). Gram-negative coliforms were the most common organisms isolated comprising 72.5% and 67.8%, in contrast to pneumococci isolated in 5.9% and 3.6% in the splenectomy group and @entity99 group, respectively.In conclusion, in @entity1 with penetrating missile injuries of the abdomen, the risk of @entity295 is increased after splenectomy compared to @entity99 , only if there was associated @entity130 . This was reflected in the type of causative organism (predominantly enteric flora) despite 'appropriate'antibiotic cover, as well as a fivefold increase in mortality among the splenectomy group. We suggest that splenic salvage, where feasible, is mandatory if associated with @entity1944 .

title: Early post-splenectomy @entity295 after XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'missile injury', 'bowel injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['missile injury']


abstract: Oxidative and nitrative stresses have been established to play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. During @entity32 -mediated @entity179 , including @entity195 and @entity191 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity842 (NO) are produced by activated microglia, further inducing @entity528 in the brain. @entity35183 ( @entity865 ) is a bioactive compound isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine, Caesalpinia sappan L. (Lignum Sappan), showing immunosuppressive effects. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-oxidative and nitrative activity of @entity865 have not been elucidated, particularly in central nervous system. In this study, we found that @entity865 significantly inhibited ROS and NO production by suppression of @entity1110 oxidase and inducible @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Moreover, @entity865 modulated IKK/IkB/NF-kB @entity32 signal pathway to inhibit the activity and expressions of @entity1110 oxidase and @entity3623 . A further study indicated that @entity865 didn't inhibit LPS interaction with transmembrane protein @entity5750 , which is a receptor for LPS binding. However, @entity865 interfered with the interaction of @entity5750 with Toll-like receptor ( @entity2939 ), an early cell event of IKK/IkB/NF-kB @entity32 signal activation, resulting in a block on LPS translocation from @entity5750 to @entity2939 . Therefore, @entity5750 / @entity2939 interaction may be a potential drug target in neuroinflammation-related oxidative and nitrative stress. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity865 has anti-oxidative/nitrative activities on brain immune and neuroinflammation through regulation of @entity5750 / @entity2939 -dependent IKK/IkB/NF-kB @entity32 signal pathway.

title: @entity35183 inhibits oxidative and nitrative stress via interfering the interaction of transmembrane protein XXXX with @entity2939 in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity35183 :: ('MESH:C090723', 'Chemical') :: ['Protosappanin A']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['increased neuronal injury']

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: According to the IFAH, veterinary vaccines currently account for 26% of the global market in veterinary medicines, reflecting the importance of vaccines in @entity4409 , as well as the number of wild and domesticated target species, and the monospecific nature of most vaccines. Multispecies vaccines include @entity116 and rabies. In 2010, the number of food-producing animals was estimated to be roughly 20 billion and is rising gradually. Fowl currently represent the main food species. Veterinary vaccination has allowed the eradication of rinderpest, as officially declared last year (2011), jointly by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). Rinderpest was a real scourge, and was only the second @entity1800 to be totally eradicated (after @entity1 @entity14333 ). One characteristic of veterinary vaccination is the DIVA approach, "differentiating infected from vaccinated animals". The DIVA strategy is especially interesting for regulated control of diseases like @entity4021 , @entity17976 , @entity13219 , and @entity29030 . DIVA vaccination requires prior serological testing. Vaccination is also used for wild animals such as foxes (rabies) and @entity1707 ( @entity29030 ). "In ovo" vaccination of fowl on day 18 of the incubation period is used to prevent @entity10803 for instance, and double vaccination (vector and insert) to prevent both @entity10803 and @entity195 in fowl. Animal vaccination can also help to protect @entity1 health, as illustrated by fowl vaccination against @entity5746 .

title: [Role of vaccination in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity17976 :: ('MESH:D007241', 'Disease') :: ['infectious bovine rhinotracheitis']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity29030 :: ('MESH:D006691', 'Disease') :: ['classical swine fever']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Gumboro's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10803 :: ('MESH:D008380', 'Disease') :: ["Marek's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

entities_list: @entity13219 :: ('MESH:D011557', 'Disease') :: ['pseudorabies']

answer: @entity4409 :: (MESH:D000820,Disease) :: ['animal health']


abstract: @entity26000 ( @entity26000 ) and Early Childhood Onset Severe @entity1105 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous @entity989 characterised by @entity227 and @entity346 from birth or early infancy. We investigated the prevalence of sequence variants in @entity32307 in a large cohort of such @entity1 (n=392) and probed the likelihood of disease-causation of the identified variants, subsequently undertaking a detailed assessment of the phenotype of @entity1 with disease-causing mutations. Genomic DNA samples were screened for known variants in the @entity32307 gene using a microarray @entity26000 chip, with 153 of these cases then being directly sequenced. The assessment of disease-causation of identified @entity32307 variants included segregation testing, assessing evolutionary conservation and in silico predictions of pathogenicity. The chip identified @entity32307 variants in 12 @entity1 . Sequencing of @entity32307 in 153 @entity1 and 96 controls found a total of 46 variants, with 29 being novel. In silico analysis suggested that only 6 of these variants are likely to be disease-causing, indicating a previously unrecognized high degree of polymorphism. Seven @entity1 were identified with biallelic changes in @entity32307 likely to be disease-causing. In the youngest subject, electroretinography revealed reduced cone photoreceptor function, but rod responses were within normal limits, with no measurable @entity9493 in other @entity1 . An increasing degree and extent of peripheral retinal pigmentation and degree of @entity1020 was noted with increasing age in our series. @entity32307 is significantly polymorphic in both controls and @entity1 , thereby complicating the establishment of disease-causation of identified variants. Despite the associated phenotype being characterised by early-onset severe @entity227 in our @entity1 series, there was some evidence of a degree of @entity989 , which was most marked in the youngest @entity1 in our cohort. This data suggests that there are @entity1 who have a reasonable window of opportunity for gene therapy in childhood.

title: XXXX associated with @entity32307 : challenges in ascribing disease causation, clinical findings, and implications for gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal Dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity26000 :: ('MESH:D057130', 'Disease') :: ['Leber Congenital Amaurosis', 'LCA']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders', 'retinal structural and functional preservation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity26000 :: (MESH:D057130,Disease) :: ['Leber congenital amaurosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity4034 is a well-known complication of @entity3458 . However, it has been infrequently reported in immunologically normal @entity1 or @entity6 @entity1 . PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity4034 in a @entity6 @entity1 with multiple rib infections, large bilateral psoas muscle abscesses, and @entity1143 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case report. METHODS: A case of @entity4034 is reported in a 42-year-old @entity1 with @entity6 . The @entity1 had multiple rib and T12 @entity281 with @entity1143 and large bilateral psoas muscle abscesses. The adjacent discs were intact. RESULTS: Diagnosis was made by computed tomography-guided psoas @entity121 drainage and aspirate culture. Appropriate antibiotic treatment resulted in a favorable outcome. The @entity1 had mild @entity615 with a 38 degrees residual @entity1513 at his thoracolumbar junction after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4034 caused by @entity5746 is uncommon in @entity6 @entity1 . @entity5746 can cause multiple @entity79 and large abscesses of psoas muscles in @entity1 without @entity3458 . Correct diagnosis can be confirmed by blood, biopsy, or abscess culture. Appropriate antibiotic treatment was effective.

title: XXXX of @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral osteomyelitis', 'Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral infections']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle abscess']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Salmonella osteomyelitis']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-eight surgical operations in @entity6 @entity1 have been studied to assess the effectiveness, under routine clinical conditions, of a management regimen based on the use of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 infusion (GIK). Forty-four non-insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity2175 ) and 41 insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) @entity1 received GIK. Mean blood @entity413 on the day of operation was 9.3 +/- S.D. 2.2 mmol/l in @entity2175 and 8.9 +/- 2.3 mmol/l in @entity1723 @entity1 . Acceptable control on the day of operation (defined as mean blood @entity413 5-12 mmol/l without hypoglycaemia) was achieved in 70 (82%) @entity1 . Eleven of 15 failures were attributable to incorrect implementation of the protocol. Though 10 units Soluble insulin/500 ml 10% @entity413 (0.32 units/g @entity413 ) was needed in 61% of @entity1 , 26% required a higher and 13% a lower dose. Plasma @entity972 concentration did not change after 24 h of GIK infusion, but @entity1372 concentration fell (136 +/- 5 to 132 +/- 5 mmol/l; p less than 0.01), with 12 of 32 @entity1 having post-operative values less than 130 mmol/l. Forty-three @entity2175 @entity1 undergoing minor surgery were managed without insulin, and acceptable control was achieved in 40 (93%). We conclude that the regimen described is a satisfactory routine means of managing @entity6 during surgery, but that optimal results depend on careful monitoring with appropriate alteration of therapy.

title: Management of @entity6 during surgery with @entity413 -insulin- XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) has powerful immunosuppressive properties, and its recent application to organ transplantation has resulted in markedly improved graft survival. However, @entity870 has certain adverse side effects, the most notable being nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Among other untoward effects, little is known about the effects of @entity870 on the reproductive organs. Since good graft survival is now expected with @entity870 , the long term effect of the drug on the gonads should be monitored carefully, particularly for young recipients. Prior to investigation of the effect of @entity870 on the testis, the level of @entity870 in semen of the adult renal transplant @entity1 were measured. Twelve samples of semen from eight recipients, mean age 35 (SD 9), were collected by masturbation in the morning just before taking @entity870 after more than 5 day abstinence, and it was frozen at -80 degrees C. They had been taking immunosuppressants that were a combination of either @entity870 and @entity617 , or @entity870 , @entity500 and @entity617 for 5 to 63 months. The dose of @entity870 was 3.7 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg. The range of the level of serum @entity1011 was 1.1 mg/dl to 2.9 mg/dl. @entity870 in whole blood was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and @entity870 in semen was also measured by HPLC after extracting @entity870 with @entity4543 . The level of @entity870 in semen was 27 ng/ml to 165 ng/ml and that in whole blood was 51 ng/ml to 133 ng/ml. The relation between both levels was linear (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Cyclosporin levels in semen of renal transplant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylether']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nutritional state and growth are considered as prognostic markers of chronic @entity298 ( @entity298 ) adequacy in pediatric @entity1 . The euvolemia, blood pressure control, and metabolic and electrolytic equilibrium are parameters to be achieved by @entity298 treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe the chronic @entity298 prescription parameters of a cohort of pediatric @entity1 and to compare the obtained hemodynamic, antrophometric and adequacy results with those suggested by the literature. METHODS: Retrospective analysis based on clinical records evaluation of 30 pediatric @entity1 undergoing @entity298 for more than 6 months from January 1998 to May 2005. RESULTS: In the present study, 17/30 (56.7%) were @entity1 . @entity740 was @entity3528 in 66.7% of the cases. The infusion volume was > 1,000 ml/m2 in 9 @entity1 . The peritoneal membrane was characterized as high (27.8%), high-average (33.3%), low-average (22.2%) and low transporter (16.7%). The weekly urea Kt/V was > 2.1 in all the evaluated @entity1 . Blood pressure parameters above the 95th percentile despite the use of antihypertensive medication were observed in 5/30 @entity1 , four of whom with CKD secondary to @entity8 . The initial and final Body Mass Index and weight for height ratio were preserved in 83.3% (25/30) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Elevated indexes of small solutes removal are easily attained in pediatric @entity298 @entity1 and do not imply optimal clinical management do not imply optimal climanagement.

title: Comparative role of PET and Kt/V determination in pediatric chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to uropathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Locomotion recovery after a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) includes axon regeneration, myelin preservation and increased plasticity in propriospinal and descending spinal circuitries. The combined effects of @entity440 and exercise after a @entity1566 were analyzed in this study to determine whether the combination of both treatments induces the best outcome in locomotion recovery. In this study, the @entity2982 was provoked by a sharp projectile that penetrates through right dorsal and ventral portions of the T13-L1 spinal segments, affecting propriospinal and descending/ascending tracts. Intraperitoneal application of @entity440 and a treadmill exercise protocol, as rehabilitation therapies, separately or combined, were used. To evaluate the functional recovery, angular patterns of the hip, knee and @entity3681 as well as the leg pendulum-like movement (PLM) were measured during the unrestricted gait of treated and untreated (UT) animals, previously and after the @entity130 (15 and 30days post-injury (dpi)). A pattern (curve) comparison analysis was made by using a locally designed Matlab script that determines the Frechet dissimilarity. The @entity1566 magnitude was assessed by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of the injury site 30days after @entity1566 . Our results showed that all treated groups had an improvement in hindlimbs kinematics compared to the UT group, which showed a poor gait locomotion recovery throughout the rehabilitation period. The group with the combined treatment ( @entity440 +exercise (TE)) presented the best outcome. In conclusion, @entity440 and treadmill exercise treatments are complementary therapies for the functional recovery of gait locomotion in hemi-spinalized @entity35 .

title: Quantitative analysis of hindlimbs locomotion kinematics in spinalized @entity35 treated with XXXX plus treadmill exercise.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apart from the small number of iatrogenic and familial cases, the cause of most cases of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) is not known. We aimed to identify risk factors for @entity13895 . METHODS: In a case-control study, we compared the medical history and selected demographic characteristics of 241 definite (neuropathologically confirmed) and probable (clinically likely) @entity1 with @entity3605 , ascertained from the Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry between Jan 1, 1970, and October 31, 1997, and of 784 controls, recruited from the community by random telephone interview in August, 1997. Standard logistic regression was used for the comparisons. FINDINGS: Surgical procedures were significantly associated with the development of @entity13895 . This risk progressively increased with the number of surgical treatments to a maximum for three procedures (odds ratio 2.13 [95% Cl 1.34-3.41], p=0.002). There was also a significant association between risk of @entity3605 and residence or employment on a farm (p<0.001) or market garden (p=0.002) for longer than 10 years. We found no significant risk associated with a history of blood transfusion, organ transplantation, major dental work, or occupation. INTERPRETATION: Our findings accord with the hypothesis that a range of surgical treatments may serve as unrecognised contamination events and account for a proportion of cases of @entity13895 . Possible biases in different methods and times for the acquisition of data on cases and controls suggest our findings need to be replicated in independent studies with community controls.

title: Surgical treatment and risk of XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic CJD']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

answer: @entity13895 :: (MESH:C565143,Disease) :: ['sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2675 ( @entity2675 ) remains a poor understood disease. Prognostic factors are not well established and specific prognostic subgroups are warranted. @entity1 /METHODS: Retrospectively revision of 111 cases treated in the same @entity5 Center. Blinded-central pathological revision with immunohistochemical (IHQ) analysis for @entity172 (ER), @entity1420 (PR) and @entity342 (AR) receptors, @entity1722 , ki67 and @entity876 was done. Cox regression model was used for uni/multivariate survival analysis. Two classifications of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) subgroups (based in ER, PR, @entity1722 , 2000 classification, and in ER, PR, @entity1722 , ki67, 2013 classification) were used to achieve their prognostic value in @entity2675 @entity1 . Hierarchical clustering was performed to define subgroups based on the six-IHQ panel. RESULTS: According to @entity0 classifications, the majority of @entity5 were luminal: A (89.2%; 60.0%) and B (7.2%; 35.8%). Triple negative phenotype was infrequent (2.7%; 3.2%) and @entity1722 enriched, non-luminal, was rare (<= 1% in both). In multivariate analysis the poor prognostic factors were: size >2 cm (HR:1.8; 95%CI:1.0-3.4 years, p = 0.049), absence of ER (HR:4.9; 95%CI:1.7-14.3 years, p = 0.004) and presence of distant @entity3 (HR:5.3; 95%CI:2.2-3.1 years, p < 0.001). @entity0 subtypes were independent prognostic factors (p = 0.009, p = 0.046), but when analyzed only luminal groups, prognosis did not differ regardless the classification used (p > 0.20). Clustering defined different subgroups, that have prognostic value in multivariate analysis (p = 0.005), with better survival in ER/PR+, AR-, @entity1722 -and ki67/ @entity876 low group (median: 11.5 years; 95%CI: 6.2-16.8 years) and worst in PR-group (median:4.5 years; 95%CI: 1.6-7.8 years). CONCLUSION: @entity0 subtypes do not give the same prognostic information in @entity2675 even in luminal groups. Two subgroups with distinct prognosis were identified in a common six-IHQ panel. Future studies must achieve their real prognostic value in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX : Looking for better prognostic subgroups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['MBC', 'Male Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Female Breast Cancer', 'FBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['Male breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical picture in @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity741 ) and verifying severity of @entity943 . The study included 856 @entity1 with @entity741 aged 23-88 years (mean = 55.3), including 659 @entity1 and 197 @entity1 . Holter monitoring was performed in all @entity1 . @entity943 were graded according to Lown. The @entity1 were divided into five groups: group 1-349 @entity1 with Lown's grade 1 and 2; group 2-95 @entity1 with grade 3; group 3-152 @entity1 with grade 4a and 4b; group 4-11 @entity1 with grade 5; group 5-507 @entity1 (selected from groups 2, 3 and 4) with Lown's grade 3 and 4 or 5. Arterial @entity101 was found in 17.1%, @entity296 in 66%, and @entity1163 in 12.3% of the @entity1 . The @entity1 with complex @entity943 versus Lown's grade 1 and 2 show significant differences especially in respect to: the frequency of previous anterior @entity296 , the incidence of @entity158 at rest, @entity909 , the frequency of @entity1165 and @entity955 , @entity158 and exercise-related @entity943 . The @entity1 with Lown's ventricular @entity943 grade 3-5 do not differ significantly in their clinical manifestations of @entity741 from the @entity1 with @entity943 grade from 3 to 5. The development of silent @entity741 during exercise stress testing is typical also for the @entity1 with complex @entity943 . A decreased contractility index, ejection fraction and dyskinesis are significantly more frequent in the @entity1 with complex @entity943 .

title: [Complex XXXX in @entity741 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infraction']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss consciousness']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: A total of 1,975 plasma @entity3988 concentrations were obtained from 1,067 @entity1 enrolled in a multicenter secondary intervention study of @entity3988 after acute @entity583 . To evaluate the determinants and significance of @entity3988 concentrations in this @entity1 population, we related drug concentrations to a variety of clinical variables recorded on the case history forms. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that (1) time from the last drug dose, (2) drug dose taken, (3) @entity1 height (an index of lean body weight), and (4) @entity1 age were important determinants of plasma concentration. For an equivalent dose, plasma @entity3988 concentrations in a 75-year-old @entity1 were about double those of a 25-year-old @entity1 . Total weight and drug dose prescribed did not significantly affect plasma concentrations. Whereas drug concentrations were higher (p = 0.01) among @entity1 with @entity712 , they were not altered by @entity8 , @entity99 or beta blockers. @entity3988 concentrations were a significant determinant of diastolic arterial pressure (p less than 10(-9), but neither systolic pressure nor heart rate were significantly related to @entity3988 concentration. The overall incidence of adverse experiences was not related to drug concentrations, but the occurrence of second- and third-degree @entity713 in the coronary care unit and the need for a temporary pacemaker were substantially higher among @entity1 with a drug concentration greater than 150 ng/ml (7.4 and 1.9%, respectively) than among @entity1 with lower concentrations (2.6% for @entity713 , 0.3% for pacemaker; p = 0.02 for each). The risk of @entity713 was particularly increased by high @entity3988 concentrations in the face of acute @entity1188 . These results suggest that @entity3988 's pharmacologic and clinical effects in a large population are concentration-related, and that the consideration of @entity1 size, age, and left ventricular function in selecting a @entity3988 dose may allow for effective drug therapy with a reduced likelihood of adverse effects.

title: Determinants and significance of @entity3988 plasma concentrations after acute XXXX . The Multicenter @entity3988 Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['inferior infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the interface of medical and legal systems by empirically identifying and evaluating the relation of medically related legal needs and @entity1 quality of life and by assessing the degree to which these needs were addressed in standard @entity1 care. METHODS: Medically related legal needs were identified in a focus group setting. These needs were subsequently sorted and rated by a sample of 50 mixed-site @entity5 @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ; mean age, 52 years) and subjected to multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. @entity1 also rated each need in terms of the extent to which it was met in their medical care and the impact on their quality of life. RESULTS: @entity1 identified 30 medically related legal needs. Multivariate analyses identified 4 distinct medical-legal domains: Health Care Related, Estate Related, Financial, and Employment Related. @entity1 rated these domains as exerting a significant impact on quality of life. @entity1 reported that that these needs were not met by their current medical or supportive care. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified a range of medically related legal needs of @entity5 @entity1 . Despite their importance to @entity1 quality of life, these needs were not met by standard medical and supportive care. Findings underscored the need to integrate legal resources into @entity5 care as an important component of interventions that enhance @entity1 quality of life.

title: Medically related legal needs and quality of life in XXXX care: a structural analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Of 1776 sonograms done on 1312 @entity1 with sector real time equipment, 923 done on 670 @entity1 were selected because of suspected peri and @entity1779 . The studies demonstrated @entity548 in only 117 @entity1 . It was possible to follow 107 @entity1 and in 6.8 the @entity548 was grade I, in 14 @entity1 it was grade II, in 19 it was grade II and in 6 it was grade IV. Most of the @entity1 (82 of 107) were pre-term (the average gestational age was less than 32 weeks). Twenty-three were term and two were post term. In most instances, the grade I @entity548 resolved without sonographic or @entity16 , but in ten @entity1 the @entity548 focus was replaced by a "cyst" which resolved in seven to more than 204 days; and in two it was replaced by a @entity45 , which in one of the @entity1 could still be seen at 134 days (when the last study was performed). All @entity1 with grade II @entity548 were pre-term (average gestational age of 33.1 weeks). Sonographic follow-up of these @entity1 showed that @entity548 foci were not visible after 84 days (time of the last sonogram) and that only two @entity1 had slight @entity1276 . Most of the @entity1 with grade III @entity548 (75%) were premature (average gestational age of 32 weeks), and the others (25%) were at term. This was the group in which the greatest number of sonographic sequelae (e.g. @entity1276 and/or @entity194 ) were observed. Also in this group more serious @entity16 were found. Grade IV @entity548 was found in the smallest number of @entity1 but it had the worst prognosis: 2 of 2 premature babies died; 1 of 3 term babies died at 14 days after birth, another develop @entity1276 and was operated on (developed @entity306 ) and the third one was lost to follow up. A post term @entity1 with grade IV @entity548 is being followed in the high risk clinic (at 10 months she has @entity16 which are not severe). At times it is difficult to differentiate grade IV @entity548 from other conditions such as @entity5719 and/or peri-ventricular @entity1188 . Real time sonography, performed through the anterior fontanelle has been shown to be very useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of peri and @entity1779 .

title: [Real-time sonography in the evaluation of peri- and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['porencephalic cyst']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: From June 1980 to April 1989, 72 of 401 (18%) adult recipients of orthotopic heart transplantation developed prolonged (greater than 24 hours) @entity1168 (less than 60 beats/min) within 5 days after transplantation. Junctional @entity1168 occurred in 50 (69%) recipients, sinus @entity1168 in 18 (25%), and slow ventricular response during @entity955 in four (6%). Fifty-five of 72 (76%) @entity1 had @entity1168 of less than 20 days' duration (less than 7 days, 50 @entity1 ; 7-20 days, five @entity1 ). Fifty @entity1 returned to sinus rhythm (greater than 60 beats/min) by the time of discharge. Five @entity1 expired within 20 days. Seventeen of 72 (24%) @entity1 had @entity1168 for more than 20 days, which was symptomatic in 11. All 17 @entity1 (junctional @entity1168 , 13 @entity1 ; sinus @entity1168 , four @entity1 ) received a permanent pacemaker within 40 days after transplantation. Between 1 and 12 months (mean, 4 +/- 3 months) after pacemaker implantation, 12 @entity1 recovered sinus rhythm (greater than 70 beats/min). The other five @entity1 had intrinsic rates of 32-57 beats/min (mean, 48 +/- 10 beats/min) during 1-9 months (mean, 4 +/- 3 months) of follow-up. The donor ischemic time in @entity1168 @entity1 was 202 +/- 34 minutes, which was significantly longer (p less than 0.01) than the 173 +/- 43 minutes for those @entity1 without @entity1168 . Conclusively, the incidence of posttransplantation @entity1168 is relatively high. It is usually temporary, however, even in @entity1 with a prolonged duration of @entity1168 . A relation appears to exist between donor ischemic time and the incidence of @entity1168 .

title: XXXX after heart transplantation. Incidence, time course, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'bradyarrhythmias', 'bradyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Bradyarrhythmia']