abstract: Medical treatment for @entity9303 is effective in controlling vertigo for approximately 85% of @entity1 . However, when disabling vertigo continues, surgical therapy is indicated. Several surgical approaches are performed to control the symptoms of @entity1897 refractory to medical measures, each procedure having many technical variations. Surgery is usually reserved for @entity1 with disabling vertigo. Here, the authors discuss surgical options for vertigo control in @entity9303 and review the literature on outcomes of these management options. The authors discuss endolymphatic sac shunt (ie, endolymphatic mastoid shunt), vestibular nerve section, cochleosacculotomy, and labyrinthectomy. When looking at data based on @entity1 ratings, the authors find that surgery improves vertigo in endolymphatic sac shunt, vestibular nerve section, and labyrinthectomy groups and improves imbalance for the endolymphatic sac shunt and vestibular nerve section groups. Labyrinthectomy and translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section both offer excellent control of intractable vertigo. However, @entity1 undergoing translab yrinthine vestibular nerve section are more likely to show improvement in imbalance and functional disability. This outcome is more likely for diagnoses other than @entity9303 . There are potential prognostic factors that can be helpful in the preoperative or postoperative counseling of @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment of vertigo. @entity1 who rate themselves as more disabled before surgery are less likely to achieve the best outcomes. Several other factors, such as duration of @entity2788 , and @entity566 , may play a role.

title: Endolymphatic sac shunt, labyrinthectomy, and vestibular nerve section in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['disease, contralateral tinnitus, eye disease']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: Organophosphorous pesticides exert sensitizing effects. Our investigations in workers of the @entity9415 production department showed frequent incidence of the upper respiratory tract @entity566 as well as diminished specific airways conductance. The aim of the study is to assess serum immunoglobulin E concentration in the workers of the chemical plant department producing @entity9415 . The study covered the entire staff of the department:--35 @entity1 aged 25-55 years, employed for 1-15 years. @entity3311 was diagnosed in 13 (37.1%) workers; in none of the subjects examined @entity565 was found. Spirometry showed a lower Tiffeneau's index in 5 (14.3%) and impaired specific airways conductance in 11 (31.4%) workers. Air @entity9415 concentration in the work environment did not exceed MAC level, the average concentration was 0.0008-0.0018 mg/m3, and the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was within normal range. Serum @entity9416 concentration was evaluated with the enzyme immunoassay (Enzymun-Test @entity9416 from Boehringer, Cat. No. 1289071), the results were compared with those of a control group of 30 healthy male inhabitants of the region, professionally not exposed to chemical noxes. Mean serum @entity9416 concentration in the workers (109.6 +/- 120.0 IU/ml) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher as compared to the control group (51.1 +/- 36.4 IU/ml). In 14 (40.0%) workers the @entity9416 concentration exceeded 100 IU/ml, whereas in the control group only in 4 (13.3%) @entity1 the @entity9416 level was elevated. The results of our investigations provide support for an essential role of @entity196 hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of inflammatory changes in the respiratory system caused by @entity9415 .

title: [Serum immunoglobulin E concentration in workers producing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity9415 :: ('MESH:D002709', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorfenvinphos']

answer: @entity9415 :: (MESH:D002709,Chemical) :: ['chlorfenvinphos']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether controlled resuscitation with @entity2388 -fortified Ringer's (PR) solution vs. conventional @entity880 Ringer's (LR) more effectively stabilizes mean arterial pressure (MAP) and suppresses @entity296 postresuscitation. METHODS: @entity1237 were hemorrhaged (255 +/- 22 ml) to lower MAP to 48 +/- 1 mmHg. Next, the right femoral vessels were occluded for 90 min to model tourniquet application. Beginning at 30 min occlusion, LR or PR was infused i.v. at 10 ml/min for 90 min. The femoral occlusions were released at 60 min infusion. RESULTS: At 4 h postocclusion, MAP (mmHg) was increased in PR (59 +/- 4) vs. LR (47 +/- 3) resuscitated @entity1237 (p < 0.05). PR also more effectively augmented circulating HCO3 and total base excess. Nitrosative stress, detected in myocardium 4 h after LR resuscitation, was suppressed by PR. Finally, PR prevented the increase in circulating neutrophils that accompanied LR resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to LR, resuscitation with PR more effectively stabilized MAP, suppressed myocardial nitrosative stress and minimized systemic @entity32 after @entity548 with hindlimb @entity63 -reperfusion.

title: XXXX -fortified fluid resuscitation improves hemodynamic stability while suppressing systemic @entity32 and myocardial oxidative stress after @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['Pyruvate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the observation of @entity174 patterns enables the clinician to predict the presence and type of injuries to the lower urinary tract, as the mechanisms of injury to the lower urinary tract in association with @entity174 of the pelvic ring are unclear. @entity1 AND METHODS: The case-notes and radiographs of 168 @entity1 with either pelvic ring or acetabular @entity174 were reviewed; 108 @entity174 (81 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ) and 60 acetabular @entity174 (46 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ). The @entity174 were classified according to the system described by Tile and were correlated with the incidence and type of lower @entity5450 (LUTI). RESULTS: Overall, of the 108 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity174 , 27 (25%) had a LUTI documented either radiologically or as an intraoperative finding. Of the 81 @entity1 with @entity174 , 24 (30%) had a LUTI, of whom six (7%) had an isolated @entity1494 , 14 (17%) a partial @entity130 (PUI) and four (5%) a @entity6369 ( @entity6369 ). Five of the 18 @entity1 with @entity130 also had @entity1494 and in three of these, the @entity1494 was also injured. Three of 27 @entity1 (11%) had a LUTI, all of whom had isolated @entity1494 . Of the 46 @entity1 with an @entity174 , one (2%) had a @entity6369 , and three (7%) had a PUI. One of 14 of @entity1 with an @entity174 sustained a @entity1494 . None of the three @entity1 with a Tile Type-A pelvic ring @entity174 sustained a LUTI. Of the 28 @entity1 with 'open-book' (Tile Type-B1) @entity174 , 21 (75%) had no associated LUTI and seven (25%) had a LUTI (five partial @entity130 and two @entity1494 ). Of the 10 @entity1 with 'lateral compression' (Tile Type-B2) @entity174 , six had no LUTI and four had a LUTI (two partial @entity130 and two @entity1494 ). Of the 40 @entity1 with 'vertical shear' (Tile Type-C) @entity174 , 27 (68%) had no LUTI and 13 (32%) a LUTI (four complete urethral disruptions, seven partial @entity130 , and two @entity1494 ) including all of the combined bladder and @entity130 and all of the @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: The pelvic @entity174 pattern alone does not predict the presence of a LUTI. When it occurs, the type of LUTI appears to be related to the @entity174 mechanism. The pattern of injury to the soft tissue envelope and specifically to the ligaments supporting the lower urinary tract offers the best correlation with the observed LUTI. We propose a mechanism for this.

title: Proposed mechanisms of lower XXXX in @entity174 of the pelvic ring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['CUD', 'complete urethral disruption']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injuries', 'bladder laceration', 'bladder lacerations', 'bladder neck injuries', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'acetabular fracture', 'pelvic fractures', 'fracture', 'pelvic ring fractures', 'particular pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury', 'urethral injuries']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['urinary tract injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity508 on anthropometrics, body composition (fat mass [FM] and @entity1386 [ @entity1386 ]), and metabolic profile (energy expenditure, plasma @entity413 , insulin concentration, and lipid panel) in individuals with motor complete @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: Ten individuals with chronic motor complete @entity1566 (age, 33 +/- 7 years; BMI, 24 +/- 4 kg/m2; level of injury, C6-T11; American @entity3510 Association A and B) underwent waist and abdominal circumferences to measure trunk adiposity. After the first visit, the @entity1 were admitted to the general clinical research center for body composition ( @entity1386 and FM) assessment using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. After overnight fasting, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and metabolic profile (plasma @entity413 , insulin, and lipid profile) were measured. Spasticity of the hip, knee, and ankle flexors and extensors was measured at 6 time points over 24 hours using the Modified Ashworth Scale. RESULTS: Knee extensor @entity508 was negatively correlated to abdominal circumferences (r = -0.66, P = 0.038). After accounting for leg or total @entity1386 , @entity508 was negatively related to abdominal circumference (r = -0.67, P = 0.03). Knee extensor @entity508 was associated with greater total % @entity1386 (r = 0.64; P = 0.048), lower % FM (r = -0.66; P = 0.03), and lower FM to @entity1386 ratio. Increased @entity1386 (kg) was associated with higher RMR (r = 0.89; P = 0.0001). Finally, @entity508 may indirectly influence @entity413 homeostasis and lipid profile by maintaining @entity1386 (r = -0.5 to -0.8, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Significant relationships were noted between @entity508 and variables of body composition and metabolic profile in @entity1 with chronic motor complete @entity1566 , suggesting that @entity508 may play a role in the defense against deterioration in these variables years after injury. The exact mechanism is yet to be determined.

title: Relationship of @entity508 to soft tissue body composition and the metabolic profile in @entity1 with chronic motor complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of the nuclear matrix protein (NMP) 22 BladderChek test (NMP22BC) in the detection and follow-up of @entity189 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1021 @entity1 who underwent the NMP22BC, cytology, and cystoscopy, were studied. We divided the @entity1 into 2 groups: group I consisted of 597 @entity1 who were being followed up for previous @entity189 , and group II consisted of 424 @entity1 with @entity811 . The sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22BC, cytology, and the combination (NMP22BC + cytology) were compared. RESULTS: Of the 1021 @entity1 , 131 were diagnosed with @entity5 . The overall sensitivities for the NMP22BC, cytology, and the combination were 32.1%, 38.2%, and 52.7%, respectively. In group I, the sensitivity of the NMP22BC was lower than the sensitivity of cytology (22.58% vs 35.5%); there was no difference between the sensitivity of the NMP22BC and that of cytology in group II (40.58% vs 40.58%). For the combination, the sensitivity was greater than that of either test alone in both groups (46.77% and 57.97% in groups I and II, respectively). The sensitivity of the NMP22BC was greater than that of cytology (22.6% vs 13.2%) for low-grade @entity150 . CONCLUSIONS: The NMP22BC has lower sensitivity than cytology. However, the sensitivity of @entity14276 BC in low-grade @entity5 was higher than that of cytology. Therefore, when the @entity14276 BC is combined with cytology, the sensitivity for detecting @entity189 is increased, which implies that this combination may be useful in the screening and follow-up of @entity189 .

title: Use of the XXXX BladderChek test in the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity5 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity14276 :: (4926,Gene) :: ['NMP22']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medication adherence and health outcomes over a 5-year period in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). METHODS: Adherence was calculated for several commonly prescribed @entity1577 medications by comparing the actual number of times a prescription was filled in a 12-month period to the number of times it should have been filled based on the prescribed supply. We used prescription refill histories as documented by three major specialty pharmacies used by our @entity1 . A binomial mixed effects model was used to investigate the longitudinal association between adherence and age group (0-5, 6-12, and 13-21 years) with gender, year in the study, lung function, body mass index (BMI), and annual hospitalization rate included as potential confounders. RESULTS: The 0-5 years group had the highest overall adherence (P = 0.009). The 6-12 years group had significantly better adherence to inhaled medications as compared to oral medications (P = 0.020). Within each group, for any given year in the study, having a higher BMI was associated with greater odds of adherence (P < 0.0001). There were no associations between adherence and gender, lung function or hospitalization rate (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant age differences in adherence. Younger @entity1 have better overall adherence likely secondary to increased parental supervision. Having better nutritional status is associated with improved adherence.

title: A five-year retrospective analysis of adherence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: FDG-PET-derived textural features describing intra- @entity5 heterogeneity are increasingly investigated as imaging biomarkers. As part of the process of quantifying heterogeneity, image intensities (SUVs) are typically resampled into a reduced number of discrete bins. We focused on the implications of the manner in which this discretization is implemented. Two methods were evaluated: (1) R(D), dividing the SUV range into D equally spaced bins, where the intensity resolution (i.e. bin size) varies per image; and (2) R(B), maintaining a constant intensity resolution B. Clinical feasibility was assessed on 35 @entity2 @entity1 , imaged before and in the second week of radiotherapy. Forty-four textural features were determined for different D and B for both imaging time points. Feature values depended on the intensity resolution and out of both assessed methods, R(B) was shown to allow for a meaningful inter- and intra- @entity1 comparison of feature values. Overall, @entity1 ranked differently according to feature values   which was used as a surrogate for textural feature interpretation   between both discretization methods. Our study shows that the manner of SUV discretization has a crucial effect on the resulting textural features and the interpretation thereof, emphasizing the importance of standardized methodology in @entity5 texture analysis.

title: The effect of SUV discretization in quantitative FDG-PET Radiomics: the need for standardized methodology in XXXX texture analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiac involvement in SSc is characterized by @entity296 , @entity943 and @entity2396 . Prevalence studies have shown variable results. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiac involvement in SSc @entity1 using the non-invasive, highly sensitive diagnostic methods of @entity299 and coronary angiotomography. METHODS: We included 62 SSc @entity1 and excluded those with @entity299 prior to the onset of SSc, @entity177 , @entity6 , hyperlipidaemia, @entity101 , untreated @entity1374 , @entity3618 , pregnancy or contraindications to performing @entity299 . All underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation, ECG, coronary angiotomography and @entity299 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity296 was 45% and was higher in dcSSc (59%) than in lcSSc @entity1 (33%; P = 0.04). The mean @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was lower in @entity1 with @entity296 (56%) than in those without @entity82 (63%; P = 0.0009); @entity296 on MRI was more frequent in the basal-septal segments of the LV. Seventy-nine per cent of @entity1 had subendocardial perfusion defects and these were associated with higher ultrasensitive serum CRP values. There was no association of @entity296 or @entity16 with @entity731 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity296 on MRI attributable to SSc is 45%, is more frequent and severe in dcSSc @entity1 , is associated with lower @entity1002 and affects mainly basal LV walls. @entity16 in SSc is common and is associated with elevated ultrasensitive CRP levels. @entity299 due to SSc is not associated with @entity453 .

title: Assessment of XXXX and @entity16 in systemic sclerosis by magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiotomography.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular damage', 'microvascular damage']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac damage', 'cardiac MRI', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial fibrosis']


abstract: @entity4996 , in particular @entity864 ( @entity865 ), have been shown to have profound effects on most biological systems including @entity5 promotion. Presented here are studies on the acute toxic effects of @entity865 , and the effects of @entity4996 on the in vivo and in vitro, T cell-dependent, antigen-specific antibody response in the @entity19 . The LD50 of a single i.v. dose of @entity865 in the @entity19 was 309 micrograms/kg. Acute toxic effects included lethargy, @entity2332 and enlarged, hemorrhagic spleens at the higher doses. @entity865 was shown to be a potent inhibitor of the in vivo primary antibody response as measured by the IgM antibody-forming cell (AFC) response to @entity742 red blood cells (sRBC). The ED50 of a cumulative i.v. dose was 145 micrograms/kg administered the day before and the day of immunization (72.5 micrograms/kg/day). A cumulative dose of 500 micrograms/kg (250 micrograms/kg/day) resulted in a 100% suppression of the response. This in vivo exposure to @entity865 did not alter B cell/T cell ratio in the spleen. @entity4621 analogs inactive in other biological systems were also inactive in the in vivo AFC response. The in vitro AFC assay was used to determine what cell type was being affected by @entity865 . Separation of the adherent spleen cells into B and T cell populations was done using nylon wool columns and anti-theta plus complement treatment. Experiments with these cell populations indicated that @entity865 produced suppression of the response due to an effect on the nylon wool adherent cell population.

title: Suppression of the antibody response by XXXX in the @entity19 is due to an effect on the nylon wool adherent cell population.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol esters', 'phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity4996 :: (MESH:D010703,Chemical) :: ['phorbol esters']


abstract: We have examined 41 forms of @entity43 for genetic alterations on chromosome 9 using a combination of five RFLP DNA probes and 15 simple tandem repeat polymorphisms. Genetic imbalance (i.e., loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, amplification) for 1 or more informative markers on chromosome 9 was observed in 66% (27 of 41) of our @entity5 panel. Genetic imbalance was observed on 9q in 59% (24 of 41) of @entity5 informative for at least one locus. In contrast, only 13% (5 of 40) of informative @entity5 demonstrated a genetic alteration involving 9p. Furthermore, allelic loss on 9q was more common in late stage @entity5 (63%, 17 of 27) and poorly differentiated @entity5 (75%, 15 of 20) as compared to benign and early stage @entity5 (30%, 3 of 10). Evaluation of 15 @entity5 showing limited regions of genetic imbalance has identified 2 candidate @entity5 suppressor regions on 9q and 1 on 9p. Interestingly, the regions defined to 9p21-p24, 9q31, and 9q32-q34 all overlap with several known disease loci. In this aspect, the potential role of the @entity15308 gene at 9p21-p22 in ovarian @entity105 was assessed in an extended panel of @entity43 , 11 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines, and 1 cervical @entity5 cell line. With the use of comparative multiplex PCR, homozygous deletions were detected in 16 of 115 (14%) fresh @entity5 and 3 of 12 @entity5 cell lines. For those @entity5 demonstrating allelic loss for markers on 9p no somatic mutations were observed in the retained allele of @entity15308 , as determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, but a mutation was observed in an additional cell line. Furthermore, @entity15308 mRNA levels were similar in the 9 @entity5 cell lines that retain @entity15308 , as compared to normal @entity1 ovarian surface epithelial cell lines. Overall, our results suggest the potential involvement of a gene or genes on chromosome 9q and de-emphasize a significant role for the @entity15308 gene on 9p in the initiation and progression of @entity43 .

title: Characterization of chromosome 9 in @entity1 XXXX identifies frequent genetic imbalance on 9q and rare alterations involving 9p, including @entity15308 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian neoplasia']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and neurophysiological data of 6 @entity302 @entity1 who developed negative @entity2045 and stupor a few days after introduction of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). Prompt remission of clinical signs and symptoms followed @entity1092 withdrawal. We attempted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of @entity2052 -induced stupor and provide further polygraphic and backaveraging EEG documentation of negative @entity2045 . During @entity2052 -induced stupor electroencephalograms revealed posterior background slowing in all @entity1 . @entity302 were present in 3 @entity1 . In all 6 @entity1 close examination using simultaneous video-polygraphic recording showed negative @entity2045 which was not time-related to lateralized spike discharges. In 2 of 3 @entity1 with no spikes on conventional EEG who underwent backaveraged EEG recordings we detected a large (5 microV) cortical positive-negative wave time-locked (30-40 msec) with the postural modification of the contralateral wrist. This cortical potential was similar to that observed in @entity1 with @entity2358 secondary to metabolic or toxic @entity75 . In one @entity1 i.v. administration of 10 mg @entity3175 did not modify this cortical potential and did not reverse the clinical manifestations. In all @entity1 the only abnormal laboratory finding was an increased level of @entity1211 . Our findings are against an @entity302 origin of @entity2052 @entity75 and provide further argument in favour of a cortical non- @entity302 mechanism mediating negative @entity2045 . Benzodiazepines should be avoided in the management of this condition.

title: Negative XXXX during @entity1092 -related stupor. Neurophysiological evidence of a cortical non- @entity302 origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['asterixis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Interictal epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous ammonemia']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 is a pro-drug that has to be phosphorylated to @entity24932 in order to exhibit its antineoplastic activity. This reaction involves the enzyme @entity7090 kinase which is saturated at plasma concentrations following standard 30-min infusions. Pharmacological studies indicate that prolonged administration of @entity136 might result in higher intracellular concentrations of active metabolites. This phase I trial was therefore initiated to determine the optimal dose of @entity136 administered over 4 h in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were treated with @entity136 as 4 h-infusion on day 1, 8 and 15 in 4 week intervals. The starting dose was 350 mg/m(2). Doses were escalated in 50 mg/m(2) increments. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were treated at doses ranging from 350 to 450 mg/m(2). The maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg/m(2) with @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity3136 and elevation of liver enzymes being dose limiting @entity137 (DLTs). Hematologic and nonhematological @entity137 were generally mild to moderate. Most common side effects were myelosuppression, @entity390 , elevation of liver enzymes and @entity1395 . Objective responses were noted in @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity189 . CONCLUSION: In this phase I study of @entity136 as 4h-infusion, DLTs were @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity3136 and elevation of liver enzymes. The recommended dose for phase II studies is 400 mg/m(2).

title: Prolonged infusion of XXXX in advanced solid @entity5 : a phase-I-study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity24932 :: ('MESH:C533693', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine-triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cholangio-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7090 :: ('MESH:D003841', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycytidine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19 models are of increasing interest to study cellular and molecular mechanisms during @entity174 healing. However, unlike in large animals and in @entity1 , stable fixation of @entity174 has been difficult due to the small size of the @entity19 . METHODS: Based on  CT-scans of a @entity19 femur, we developed a new intramedullary implant system comparable to a @entity1 locking nail. We analyzed @entity174 healing with osteotomy gap sizes of 0.00, 0.25, and 2.00 mm, which were stabilized with the LockingMouseNail. RESULTS: Femora with a gap size of 0.00 mm and 0.25 mm showed complete @entity174 healing after 5 wk. Femora showed a secondary bone healing pattern with induction of a small periosteal callus. In contrast, femora with a gap size of 2.00 mm showed sparse periosteal callus formation and a lack of bone bridging even after 10 wk, indicating @entity3202 . CONCLUSION: The LockingMouseNail allows standardized fixation of @entity19 @entity174 and also stabilization of segmental defects. By introducing different gap sizes, the healing process can be influenced, ranging from normal @entity174 healing to @entity3202 formation. Therefore, the model may ideally be suited to study molecular mechanisms of normal @entity174 healing, @entity245 , and non-union formation. It may additionally allow studying biological properties and effectiveness of different bone substitutes in stabilized segmental defects.

title: The LockingMouseNail--a new implant for standardized stable osteosynthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'femur fractures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic non-union']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The evidence is mounting that alterations of innate immunity and gut microbiota contribute to chronic @entity409 and its complications. Modulation of intestinal microbiota is an emerging therapeutic strategy in hepatology. Probiotics through modulation of intestinal milieu have the potential to affect the course of @entity409 . The data concerning the influence of probiotics on various plasma molecules and compounds involved in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic circulatory state in @entity1575 is still not confluent and require further evaluation. In our study twenty @entity1 with compensated and decompensated @entity1575 and ten healthy controls received probiotic VSL#3 daily for 28 days. Plasma levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), @entity16364 /a ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 ), monocyte chemotactic protein-1a ( @entity2842 / @entity2842 ), @entity1 @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), @entity842 (NO), @entity2918 , @entity2871 ( @entity3448 ) and big-endothelin were measured at baseline, day 14 and 28 of probiotic administration. The incidence of hepatic @entity75 was assessed with critical flicker frequency. Changes in clinical, biochemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated. The stage of @entity1575 correlated with an increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity650 ) and chemotactic chemokines involved in immune cell trafficking ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 ). Probiotic administration in @entity1 with @entity1575 led to modulation of plasma levels of several molecules and compounds measured ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 , NO, big-endothelin, @entity3448 and @entity3335 ). The grade of @entity75 during the course of probiotic supplementation remained unaffected in both groups of @entity1 . VSL#3 treatment was well tolerated and safe in @entity1 with @entity409 . In @entity1 with compensated and decompensated @entity1575 , VSL#3 manipulates selected plasma molecules and compounds involved in hyperdynamic @entity1457 . Short term VSL#3 administration affects several clinical and biochemical parameters commonly altered in @entity1575 .

title: The effect of short term treatment with probiotic VSL#3 on various clinical and biochemical parameters in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity16364 :: ('6368', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein 3']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered serotonergic neural transmission is hypothesized to be a susceptibility factor for @entity914 such as @entity161 . The @entity750 6 (5-HT6) receptor is therapeutically targeted by several second generation antipsychotics, such as @entity1088 and @entity1037 , and @entity2254 -induced @entity2915 in @entity35 is corrected with the use of a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. In addition, the disrupted prepulse inhibition induced by @entity2254 or @entity12781 was restored by 5-HT6 receptor antagonist in an animal study using @entity35 . These animal models were considered to reflect the positive symptoms of @entity161 , and the above evidence suggests that altered 5-HT6 receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of @entity914 . The symptoms of @entity888 ( @entity7865 )-induced @entity716 are similar to those of @entity4750 . Therefore, we conducted an analysis of the association of the 5-HT6 gene ( @entity25417 ) with @entity7865 -induced @entity716 . METHOD: Using five tagging SNPs ( @entity25418 , @entity25419 , @entity25420 , @entity25421 and @entity25422 ), we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (197 @entity7865 -induced @entity716 @entity1 and 337 controls) in the Japanese population. The age and sex of the control subjects did not differ from those of the @entity888 dependence @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity25418 was associated with @entity7865 -induced @entity716 @entity1 in the allele/genotype-wise analysis. Moreover, this association remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In the haplotype-wise analysis, we detected an association between two markers ( @entity25418 and @entity25419 ) and three markers ( @entity25418 , @entity25419 and @entity25420 ) in @entity25417 and @entity7865 -induced @entity716 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity25417 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity7865 -induced @entity716 in the Japanese population.

title: XXXX 6 receptor gene is associated with @entity888 -induced @entity716 in a Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid type schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: SETTING: In @entity378 both host protection and most pathogenic mechanisms depend on T lymphocytes. After activation by mycobacterial antigens, T cells both secrete @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) and express a high affinity receptor for this molecule ( @entity2902 ) on their own surface. A soluble fraction of @entity3647 (sIL-2R), released from cell membrane, is detectable in serum and its concentration is known to be elevated in @entity378 . OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the role of sIL-2R as an indicator of clinical evolution and response to antituberculosis treatment. DESIGN: A prospective study, in which we have measured serum sIL-2R in 52 @entity1 (42 with active and 10 with @entity1907 ) and in 36 healthy controls. In 20 patients, serum sIL-2R levels were measured serially throughout the treatment. Levels of sIL-2R were correlated to clinical and radiological parameters. RESULTS: Serum sIL-2R was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity378 as compared to healthy subjects. Both the radiological findings and the clinical state of @entity1 showed a good correlation with sIL-2R. All @entity1 with normal values of sIL-2R 6 months after starting therapy had a favourable clinical evolution. CONCLUSION: Serum sIL-2R is a useful marker of the clinical state and evolution of @entity1 with @entity1907 . The detection of permanently high values beyond 3-6 months of treatment suggests that additional drugs or prolonged administration would be advisable in order to ensure full recovery.

title: Serum soluble @entity1199 receptor: a useful indicator of the clinical course in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'inactive pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: This follow-up study was designed to evaluate whether the use of @entity117 either before or after @entity1756 affects the occurrence of delayed @entity2806 . @entity117 inhibits platelet function and @entity2871 production and has been shown to reduce the risk of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular @entity63 . Following admission, the @entity1 in this study was interviewed regarding their use of @entity117 and other medicines prior to and after @entity548 , and their urine was screened qualitatively for salicylates. @entity1 outcome and the occurrence of @entity75 consistent with @entity385 on follow-up computerized tomography (CT) were studied prospectively up to 1 year after @entity548 . Of 291 @entity1 , 31 (11%) died because of the initial @entity548 and 18 (6%) died due to rebleeding within 4 days after @entity548 . Of the remaining 242 @entity1 , 90 (37%) had delayed @entity2806 , which caused a permanent @entity51 or @entity204 in 54 @entity1 (22%). Of 195 @entity1 undergoing follow-up CT, 85 (44%) had @entity385 that was not seen on the CT scan obtained on admission. Those who had salicylates in the urine on admission had a relative risk of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15 to 1.10) of delayed @entity63 with fixed deficit and a risk of 0.40 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.93) of @entity385 compared with @entity1 who did not have salicylates in their urine. This reduced risk of @entity63 complications with @entity117 use was restricted to those @entity1 who used @entity117 before @entity548 , when the risk of @entity63 was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.03 to 1.63) and the risk of @entity1188 was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.84) compared with those who had not used @entity117 . The reduced risk of @entity385 remained significant after adjustment for several potential confounding factors (adjusted risk 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.89). These observations suggest that platelet function at the time of @entity510 may be associated with delayed @entity2806 after @entity1756 .

title: @entity117 and delayed @entity2806 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic diseases', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense lesions']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Many @entity1 in coronary care unit (CCU) suffer from @entity25 caused by environmental and mental factors. This study compared the efficacy of foot reflexology massage, foot bath, and a combination of them on the quality of sleep of @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented on @entity1187 @entity1 in Iran. Random sampling was used to divide the @entity1 into four groups of 35 subjects. The groups were foot reflexology massage, foot bath, a combination of the two and the control group. Sleep quality was measured using the Veran Snyder-Halpern questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13. Results: The mean age of the four groups was 61.22 (11.67) years. The mean @entity25 in intervention groups (foot reflexology massage and foot bath groups) during the second and third nights was significantly less than before intervention. The results also showed a greater reduction in @entity25 in the combined group than in the other groups when compared to the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the intervention of foot bath and massage are effective in reducing @entity25 and there was a synergistic effect when used in combination. This complementary care method can be recommended to be implemented by CCU nurses.

title: Comparing the Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage, Foot Bath and Their Combination on Quality of Sleep in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'decreased sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: A detailed critique of the literature on focal @entity5186 is provided. Some of the cases commonly cited in this literature had, in fact, severely @entity2414 , most often involving visuospatial material. Other cases showed poor anterograde memory in more moderate or subtle form, begging the question of whether "like" had really been compared with "like" across the retrograde and anterograde domains: there may be alternative explanations for the observed patterns of performance. One suggestion is that these @entity1 suffer an impairment of long-term consolidation, an attractive hypothesis but one which requires much more rigorous testing than has occurred to date and which implies that the underlying problem is not specific to retrograde memory. Moreover, within the literature on cases of focal @entity5186 , differing patterns of performance on tests of autobiographical memory or remote semantic knowledge have been reported, and sometimes these may have reflected factors other than the sites of lesions. Many of the most convincing cases in this literature have been those in whom there was an initially severe anterograde @entity2730 as well as an extensive retrograde loss: in these cases, the critical issue is what determines differential patterns of recovery across these domains-it is likely that both physiological and psychological factors are important. A second, somewhat different, group are @entity1 with semantic @entity303 , who show a pronounced recency effect in remote memory but, in these cases, the most parsimonious explanation may be in terms of predominantly semantic/linguistic and/or strategic factors. A third group are those with transient @entity302 but, in these cases, the memory gaps may reflect past (anterograde) ictal activity. A fourth group are those in whom psychogenic factors may well be relevant. Although it is difficult to "prove" psychological causation, the logical difficulties in attributing causation where @entity75 are either very subtle or multiple have been considerably underestimated in the neuropsychological literature. Given these problems, in uncertain or equivocal cases, it is as critical to present the relevant psychological data for the reader to evaluate as it is to provide the pertinent memory test scores: this is underemphasised in many of the studies reviewed. Publication of cases in the absence of such data may lead to faulty clinical, neuropsychological, and cognitive conclusions. Abbreviations : AA: anterograde @entity2730 ; AMI: Autobiographical Memory Interview; PTA: @entity2730 ; RA: @entity5186 ; RMT: Recognition Memory Test; @entity1041 : transient @entity302 ; @entity13808 : transient global @entity2730 ; @entity3297 : Wechsler Memory Scale.

title: Focal XXXX and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally critical view.

entities_list: @entity5186 :: ('MESH:D000648', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde amnesia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'posttraumatic amnesia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic amnesia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired anterograde memory']

answer: @entity5186 :: (MESH:D000648,Disease) :: ['retrograde amnesia']


abstract: Perinatal administration of @entity17559 in the @entity35 , as a one time injection on gestational day 21, postnatal days 0, 1 or 2, altered the parallel orientation of cerebellar folia. The effect persisted into adulthood. In animals injected on one of the postnatal days 3, 4 or 5, the folial pattern was not altered. Even when the injection was repeated for three days on postnatal days 3, 4 and 5, changes in the cerebellar surface were not found. However, in animals receiving a low protein diet during the last five days of gestation, the three injection regimen produced a distortion of the folial pattern. The surface of cerebella of animals injected on gestational day 21 through postnatal day 2 was covered with small blebs resembling the surface of a cauliflower head. In sagittal sections, islands of cortical laminae appeared to be isolated from the arbor vitae. However, serial reconstruction of the granular layer from sections revealed that these pieces were continuous with the arbor vitae. Surprisingly, cerebella having malaligned folia also had varying degrees of Purkinje cell somas distributed throughout the granule cell layer rather than in a single layer. This occurred even when the granule cell layer approached normal thickness. Analysis of cerebellar weight from the group injected on the day of birth revealed three levels of @entity353 : severe (greater than 40%), moderate (20-40%) and mild (less than 20%). The granule cell deficit was directly related to the @entity353 . In the severely-affected cerebella, areas of the cortex were virtually devoid of granule cells. The moderately-affected cerebella had a continuous granular layer which was thick and thin. In the mild type, the layer was relatively normal in thickness but, nevertheless, the cerebellar surface was highly distorted. In all animals treated with @entity17559 on days G21 through P5, parallel fibers were disoriented. This occurred even though the folia appeared normal in the G20, @entity17560 injected groups. Bundles of parallel fibers crisscrossed in the plane of the cerebellar surface in all areas where a molecular layer was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Perinatal XXXX uncouples coincidence of orientation of cerebellar folia and parallel fibers.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction of the cerebella', 'weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity17559 :: ('MESH:D008746', 'Chemical') :: ['methylazoxymethanol acetate']

answer: @entity17559 :: (MESH:D008746,Chemical) :: ['methylazoxymethanol acetate']


abstract: Thymus @entity194 and regeneration were studied in 13- to 22-month-old beef @entity291 treated with @entity619 ( @entity15093 ), using anabolic dosages and implementing different withdrawal times. Two trials were conducted. In trial 1, group A (n=6) received 0.7 mg/day @entity15093 orally for 40 days, group B (n=6) received 1.4 mg/day orally for 40 days and group C (n=6) was the control. In trial 2, group D (n=6) received 0.7 mg/day @entity15093 orally for 40 days, group E (n=6) received 1.4 mg/day orally for 40 days and group K (n=6) was the control. @entity15093 withdrawal times before slaughter were six days (groups A and B) and 26 days (groups D and E). At slaughter, thymus @entity194 was severe and progressive in animals from groups A and B. In contrast, thymus weight and volume of the animals from groups D and E were almost normal. Slight @entity194 was also detected in the @entity291 in these groups. Histological changes and Ki67 immunostaining revealed a large number of positive lymphoid cells, mostly in the cortical area, associated with higher expression of apoptosis in the medulla compared with controls. This demonstrated that the thymus of beef @entity291 is still able to regenerate following @entity15093 administration.

title: Thymus @entity194 and regeneration following XXXX administration to beef @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems offer great promise in addressing challenges of @entity137 , poor bioavailability and non-specificity for a number of drugs. Much progress has been reported for nano drug delivery systems for intravenous administration, however very little is known about the effects of orally administered nanoparticles. Furthermore, the development of nanoparticulate systems necessitates a thorough understanding of the biological response post exposure. This study aimed to elucidate the in vivo uptake of chitosan and @entity968 ( @entity970 ) coated @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) nanoparticles and the immunological response within 24 h of oral and peritoneal administration. These @entity7050 nanoparticles were administered orally and peritoneally to female Balb/C @entity19 , they were taken up by macrophages of the peritoneum. When these particles were fluorescently labelled, intracellular localisation was observed. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity2047 , @entity777 , IL-12p70 and @entity637 in plasma and peritoneal lavage was found to remain at low concentration in @entity7050 nanoparticles treated @entity19 as well as @entity1948 nanoparticles during the 24 hour period. However, these were significantly increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated @entity19 . Of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, @entity777 and IL-12p70 were produced at the highest concentration in the positive control group. The anti-inflammatory cytokines @entity1618 and chemokines INF-y, @entity58 , @entity59 remained at normal levels in @entity7050 treated @entity19 . @entity1618 and INF-y were significantly increased in LPS treated @entity19 . @entity8929 was found to be significantly produced in all groups in the first hours, except the saline treated @entity19 . These results provide the first report to detail the induction of cytokine production by @entity7050 nanoparticles engineered for oral applications.

title: In vivo uptake and acute immune response to orally administered chitosan and @entity970 coated XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'Poly, DL, lactic-co-glycolic Acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: Four @entity1460 meals (SBM) were prepared in a commercial solvent-extraction plant to give a much wider range in heat treatment than is usually found among commercially available SBM. The meals were designated in ascending order of heat treatment as Under, Normal, Over and Rumen Escape. The Normal meal was processed using standard operating conditions. The Under meal received less heat treatment by reducing the steam pressure and retention time in the desolventizer-toaster. Over and Rumen Escape meals received further heat treatment in an additional four-compartment toaster. The Over meal received less heat treatment than the Rumen Escape meal by reducing steam pressure and retention time in both toasters. Crude protein content was similar for the four meals, but @entity376 tended to decrease with increasing heat treatment. In general, urease activity, @entity9232 , protein dispersibility index and @entity1568 solubility index decreased with increasing heat treatment. The +a Hunterlab color values increased as heat treatment increased. Apparent ileal digestibility of N and @entity1522 were similar for all meals (P greater than .05); however @entity376 digestibility for the Rumen Escape meal was 3.3 percentage units lower than the average of the lesser-heated meals. Energy digestibilities and @entity1568 balance data were also similar (P greater than .05) for the four meals, but the apparent biological value of the Rumen Escape meal was 4.5 percentage units lower than the average of the other meals. There were no differences in nutritional value among the Under, Normal and Over meals, which represent the range in heat treatment usually found among SBM. The Rumen Escape meal, which received more severe heat treatment, tended to have lower nutritional value than the lesser-heated meals.

title: Effects of different heat treatments during processing on nutrient digestibility of XXXX meal in growing swine.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The F  d  ration Francophone de Canc  rologie Digestive phase III trial in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 comparing 5FU, @entity4181 and @entity900 combination followed by @entity136 (Arm A) versus the opposite sequence (Arm B) failed to demonstrate a benefit in overall survival. To longitudinally compare the quality of life (QoL) we explored different definitions of time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) of QoL scores according to @entity922 ( @entity922 ) cut-offs. METHODS: QoL was evaluated using the EORTC QLQ-C30 every 8 weeks until @entity204 . The following scores were analysed: global health, emotional functioning, physical functioning, fatigue and @entity158 . TUDD was defined as the time interval between randomisation and the first occurrence of a decrease in QLQ-C30 score >= 5 points without any further improvement in QoL score >= 5 points or any further available QoL data. Analyses were repeated using a 10 point @entity922 and/or including @entity204 as event. RESULTS: From 08/2003 to 05/2006, 102 @entity1 in Arm A and 100 in Arm B were included. Using a 5 and a 10 point @entity922 , TUDD curves of the 5 scores did not differ according to treatment arm., The median TUDD of global health was 5.2 months (4.3-6.2) in Arm A and 6.1 months (5.1-8.5) in Arm B (log-rank p=0.50) including @entity204 as an event for a 5 point @entity922 . Multivariate Cox model showed that @entity5 localisation and progression were independently associated with TUDD (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of chemotherapy did not influence the deterioration of QoL. The TUDD approach seems to provide meaningful clinical results that are adapted to metastatic @entity788 trials.

title: Time until definitive quality of life score deterioration as a means of longitudinal analysis for treatment trials in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dynamic graciloplasty (DGP) improves anal continence and quality of life for most @entity1 . However, in some @entity1 , DGP fails and @entity1241 is unsolved or only partially improved. Constipation is also a significant problem after DGP, occurring in 13-90%. Colonic irrigation can be considered as an additional or salvage treatment for @entity74 after unsuccessful or partially successful DGP. In this study, the effectiveness of colonic irrigation for the treatment of persistent @entity1241 after DGP is investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity74 after DGP visiting the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Maastricht were selected for colonic irrigation as additional therapy or salvage therapy in the period between January 1999 and June 2003. The Biotrol(R) Irrimatic pump or the irrigation bag was used for colonic irrigation. Relevant physical and medical history was collected. The @entity1 were asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire about colonic irrigation. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were included in the study with a mean age of 59.3 +/- 12.4 years (80% female). On average, the @entity1 started the irrigation 21.39 +/- 38.77 months after the DGP. Eight @entity1 started irrigation before the DGP. Fifty-two percent of the @entity1 used the irrigation as additional therapy for @entity1241 , 24% for @entity1142 , and 24% for both. Irrigation was usually performed in the morning. The mean frequency of irrigation was 0.90 +/- 0.40 times per day. The mean amount of water used for the irrigation was 2.27 +/- 1.75 l with a mean duration of 39 +/- 23 min. Four @entity1 performed antegrade irrigation through a colostomy or appendicostomy, with good results. Overall, 81% of the @entity1 were satisfied with the irrigation. Thirty-seven percent of the @entity1 with @entity1241 reached (pseudo-)continence, and in 30% of the @entity1 , the @entity1142 completely resolved. Side effects of the irrigation were reported in 61% of the @entity1 : leakage of water after irrigation, abdominal cramps, and distended abdomen. Seven (16%) @entity1 stopped the rectal irrigation. CONCLUSION: Colonic irrigation is an effective alternative for the treatment of persistent @entity1241 after DGP and/or recurrent or onset @entity1142 additional to unsuccessful or (partially) successful DGP.

title: Colonic irrigation for XXXX after dynamic graciloplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence and/or constipation', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecation disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['defecation disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sleep-wake states are impaired in various @entity16 . @entity25 can be an early condition that exacerbates these disorders. Therefore, treating @entity25 may prevent or slow the development of these diseases. Although many gene products are likely to be involved in the sleep-wake disturbance, hypnotics and psychostimulants clinically used are limited in terms of their mode of action and are not without side effects. Therefore, there is a growing demand for developing new hypnotics and psychostimulants with high efficacy and few side effects. Toward this end, animal models are indispensable for use in genetic and chemical screens to identify sleep-wake modifiers. As a proof-of-concept study, we performed behavioral profiling of @entity3392 treated with chemical and genetic sleep-wake modifiers. We were able to demonstrate that behavioral profiling of @entity3392 treated with hypnotics or psychostimulants from 9 to 10 days post-fertilization was sufficient to identify drugs with specific modes of action. We were also able to identify behavioral endpoints distinguishing @entity1246 -A modulators and hypocretin (hcrt) receptor antagonists and between sympathomimetic and non-sympathomimetic psychostimulants. This behavioral profiling can serve to identify genes related to sleep-wake disturbance associated with various @entity146 and novel therapeutic compounds for @entity22 and excessive daytime sleep with fewer adverse side effects.

title: Pharmacological profiling of XXXX behavior using chemical and genetic classification of sleep-wake modifiers.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Impairment of sleep-wake states', 'sleep-wake dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: AIM: @entity13746 is a constellation of rare @entity154 of the chest wall, with or without alterations to the @entity717 . Actually Foucras' classification is commonly used to choose the most appropriate surgical treatment, but often only a radiological classification proves unsatisfactory in order to achieve the best aesthetic result. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since November 2006 in our institute have been treated 6 @entity1 (3 M, 3 F) with Poland Syndrome affected by only chest wall and/or @entity0 . RESULTS: We treated 6 @entity1 opting for different surgical procedures, depending on the deformity detected. We experienced only one procedural complication, a fat @entity39 with superior migration of the prosthesis, successfully managed. DISCUSSION: Surgical alternative treatments of the Poland's abnormalities of the chest wall are independent from the corrective surgery of the ipsilateral affected forearm ad hand. Surgeons should be able to develop an operative plan to address aesthetic goals while preserving muscular functionality. Indeed surgical techniques should be minimally invasive and possible available in every hospital structure. CONCLUSIONS: This study has been designed to review a series of surgical options of breast reconstruction in @entity1 with Poland Syndrome in order to develop a new flow chart to plan the best surgical choice analyzing only breast/chest wall deformities according to Blondeel's point of view about reconstruction of the new breast and thoracic wall. KEY WORDS: Breast reconstruction, @entity13746 .

title: XXXX : an algorithm to select the appropriate chest wall surgical reconstructive treatment.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral superior extremity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast deformities']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity13746 :: ('MESH:D011045', 'Disease') :: ['Poland syndrome']

answer: @entity13746 :: (MESH:D011045,Disease) :: ['Poland syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Motions of the bladder and rectum during pelvic irradiation are considered as major causes of geometrical uncertainties. As a result, the volume status of these organs is changed and the definition of the treatment margins is imperative. The aim of this study was, firstly, to determine these margins, comparing series of CT scans, performed at simulation time, with empty (EB) and full bladder (FB) and, secondly, to evaluate the dose volume histograms (DVHs) of @entity5 and rectum using standard treatment margins. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with muscle-invading @entity150 underwent two scan series with EB and FB bladder during radiotherapy (RT) simulation. Gross @entity5 volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), planning treatment volume ( @entity343 ) and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured. Displacements of the bladder wall were determined at all directions. Cumulative DVHs were generated for the volumes of interest. Using the same beam arrangements for both the EB and FB CT series, DVHs were also produced. RESULTS: The mean bladder volume was 119.3  55.9 cm3 and 264.3  145.7 cm3 for EB and FB CT series, respectively (p<0.001). The maximum bladder wall displacement was observed at cranial direction (2.2  0.6 cm for the EB vs. 3.4  1.0 cm for the FB series; p<0.001) and at caudal direction (2.3  0.6 cm for the EB vs. 3.6  1.0 cm for the FB series; p<0.001). Standard anisotropic margins of 2 cm in craniocaudal and posterior-anterior directions and 1.2 cm in lateral direction gave coverage to 75% of all @entity1494 caused by FB. Analysis of DVHs and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) calculations gave same results (74%), while normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of the rectum showed no significant changes. CONCLUSION: CT scans series with empty and full bladder, performed at simulation time, could offer a potential advantage to evaluate the target expansion necessary to cover the bladder wall for each @entity1 , giving more information about safe margining.

title: External beam radiotherapy of XXXX : considerations in determining the irradiation field margins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder movements']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor control probability', 'TCP']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies have examined the influence of a nutrition support team on @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) use; however, the influence of registered dietitian (RD) order-writing privileges on appropriate @entity3147 use has yet to be reported. A retrospective cohort was conducted at a single tertiary care urban academic medical center to compare adult @entity3147 use before RD order-writing privileges (January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004, pre-privileges) to after RD order-writing privileges (January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, post-privileges). RD order-writing privileges were obtained June 2005; @entity3147 @entity1 during the washout period (January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005) were not included. Descriptive statistics were conducted (N=1,965 @entity1 ). Although total hospital admissions increased from the pre-privileges to post-privileges periods (P<0.0001), overall @entity3147 use decreased from 1,080 @entity1 during the pre-privileges period to 885 @entity1 during the post-privileges period (P<0.0001). Inappropriate @entity3147 use decreased from 482 (45%) to 240 (27%) @entity1 (P<0.0001) during the pre- and post-privileges periods, respectively. Among inappropriate @entity3147 use, there was a decrease in @entity3147 administration for @entity1 with poor oral intake (130 to 41 @entity1 ), @entity788 (78 to 26 @entity1 ), intractable @entity390 and @entity391 (68 to 23 @entity1 ), and @entity33 (56 to 18 @entity1 ; all Ps<0.0003), reflecting a 20% cost savings for @entity3147 . No significant differences were found in hospital length of stay, admissions to intensive care units, or other infectious complications between the two periods. RDs with order-writing privileges can decrease inappropriate @entity3147 use and costs in a hospital setting. Future studies should continue to highlight the influence of RDs in these advanced practice roles, as well as other members of the nutrition support team, especially with regard to nutrition support delivery and @entity1 outcomes.

title: Assessing the influence of registered dietitian order-writing privileges on XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['parenteral nutrition']


abstract: @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) is an important reactive @entity26 species (ROS), non-radical, and taking part in physiological processes concerned with the defense of the organism, but there has been limited information regarding its scavenging by @entity6398 . This study was designed to examine the @entity9785 scavenging activity of several @entity6398 and microwave assisted extracts of herbal teas. @entity9785 scavenging activity has usually been determined spectrophotometrically by KI/ @entity2226 assay at 350 nm. Since some @entity6398 (i.e., @entity15476 and @entity15602 ) have a strong UV absorption in this range, their @entity9785 scavenging activity was alternatively determined without interference by using @entity15603 ( @entity6153 ) as a fluorogenic probe. In the present assay, @entity9785 induces the chlorination of @entity15603 into its non-fluorescent products. @entity6398 as @entity9785 scavengers inhibit the chlorination of the probe by this species. Thus, the IC25 (25% inhibitive concentration) value of @entity6398 was determined by using the relative increase in fluorescence intensity of @entity15603 probe. The @entity9785 scavenging activities of the test compounds decreased in the order: @entity3089 > @entity3092 > @entity11676 > @entity15604 > @entity12919 > @entity15605 . The present study revealed that @entity3089 (IC25=0.1   M) was the most effective scavenging agent. In addition to @entity6398 , four herbal teas were evaluated for their @entity9785 activity using the @entity15603 method. The proposed spectrofluorometric method was practical, rapid, and less open to interferences by absorbing substances in the range 200-420 nm. The results hint to the possibility of @entity6398 to have beneficial effects in diseases such as @entity731 in which @entity9785 plays a pathogenic role.

title: Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of @entity6398 from Herbal Teas and Evaluation of Their in vitro XXXX Scavenging Activity.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity15603 :: ('MESH:C031389', 'Chemical') :: ['resorcinol']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyphenols', 'polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-dihydroxy benzene']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['Hypochlorous Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1593 is an immune-mediated enteropathy characterized with high heterogeneity in presentation among genetically predisposed individuals. In recent years, a change in the phenotypic presentation of @entity1593 has been reported. We studied clinical presentation, from 1960 through 2015, in Ireland, which has a high incidence of @entity1593 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical charts from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1593 at 5 secondary referral centers in Ireland from 1960 through 2015 (n  = 749; median age, 56 years; age range, 18-91 years). The cohort was divided into 5 groups based on year of diagnosis (<= 1985, 1986-1995, 1996-2005, 2006-2010, or 2011 and later). We collected findings from clinical presentation at diagnosis; serology tests; small intestinal biopsy analyses; and @entity1 ' demographic, clinical, and family data. Presentations at diagnosis were classified according to the Oslo criteria as follows: classical ( @entity1 presenting with @entity8884 ), nonclassical (no signs or symptoms of @entity8884 at presentation), or subclinical (below the threshold of clinical detection). The primary outcome was change in clinical presentation of @entity1593 over time. RESULTS: Of the 749 @entity1 studied, 512 were female and 237 were male (ratio of 2.2:1). Female @entity1 were diagnosed at younger ages than male @entity1 (42 vs 47 years, respectively; P  = .004), and had more immune-mediated conditions than male @entity1 (35.7% for female @entity1 vs 21.5% for male @entity1 ; P < .001). For @entity1 diagnosed as adults (after the age of 18 years), the median age of diagnosis increased from 34.0 years during the period <= 1985 to median ages of 44-46 years after 1985 (P < .002). A smaller proportion of @entity1 presented with classical features of @entity1593 after 2010 (48.4%) than <= 1985 (85.2%); the proportion of @entity1 with nonclassical or subclinical @entity1593 increased from 14.8% <= 1985 to 51.6% after 2010 (P  = .006 for each). Biopsies categorized as Marsh 3c decreased, from 52.2% in the period 1996-2005 to 22.5% in the period after 2010 (P  = .003). The prevalence of associated @entity1374 has decreased during the study period, from 36.6% <= 1985 to 17.1% after 2010 (P  = .039), whereas body mass index at diagnosis increased from 21.5 kg/m(2) <= 1985 to 24.8 kg/m(2) after 2010 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We found the clinical presentation of @entity1593 changed significantly in Ireland from 1960 through 2015. The age of presentation in adulthood increased over this time period, as did the proportions of @entity1 with nonclassical or subclinical disease.

title: Changes in Presentation of XXXX in Ireland From the 1960s to 2015.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['Celiac Disease']


abstract: Affinity proteins have advanced the field of targeted therapeutics due to their generally higher specificity compared to small molecular compounds. However, side effects caused by on-target binding in healthy tissues are still an issue. Here, we design and investigate a prodrug strategy for improving tissue specificity of Affibody molecules in future in vivo studies. The prodrug Affibody (pro-Affibody) against the @entity1722 receptor was constructed by fusing a @entity1722 -specific Affibody (ZHER2) to an anti-idiotypic Affibody (anti-ZHER2). The linker was engineered to comprise a substrate peptide for the @entity5 -associated @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ). The hypothesis was that the binding surface of ZHER2 would thereby be blocked from interacting with @entity1722 until the substrate peptide was specifically hydrolyzed by @entity3334 . Binding should thereby only occur where @entity3334 is overexpressed, potentially decreasing on-target @entity137 in normal tissues. The pro-Affibody was engineered to find a suitable linker and substrate peptide, and the different constructs were evaluated with a new bacterial display assay. @entity1722 -binding of the pro-Affibody was efficiently masked and proteolytic activation of the best variant yielded over 1,000-fold increase in apparent binding affinity. Biosensor analysis revealed that blocking of the pro-Affibody primarily affected the association phase. In a cell-binding assay, the activated pro-Affibody targeted native @entity1722 on @entity5 cells as opposed to the non-activated pro-Affibody. We believe this prodrug approach with proteolytic activation is promising for improving tissue specificity in future in vivo targeting applications and can hopefully be extended to other Affibody molecules and similar affinity proteins as well.

title: A new prodrug form of Affibody molecules (pro-Affibody) is selectively activated by XXXX -associated proteases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloprotease 1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report clinical experiences and cytogenetic findings of @entity6961 ( @entity6961 ) in neonates with and without Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: @entity3421 gene was screened in DNA samples from neonates presenting with @entity6961 during their leukemic and remission status. RESULTS: Six neonates (2 phenotypically normal and 4 DS) born in the past 6 years had presented with @entity6961 ; all had trisomy 21 during leukemic status. Two DS @entity1 died during early infancy, one of @entity1578 and one of @entity299 . One non-DS @entity1 evolved into @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and acute @entity1778 since 14 months old. Three other @entity1 have not developed true @entity1778 after follow-up of 8, 9, and 70 months, respectively. The authors detected mutations within exon 2 of @entity3421 gene in 3 DS and 2 non-DS @entity1 . All these mutations disappeared after remission of @entity6961 , but an identical mutation was detected in one non-DS @entity1 when evolving into @entity2590 . Trisomy 21 was confined to leukemic clone in non-DS @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6961 should be considered in case of @entity1778 with megakaryoblastic features and accompanied by trisomy 21 and @entity3421 mutation. Both DS and non-DS @entity1 will possibly develop true @entity1778 within few years.

title: XXXX and @entity3421 mutation in neonates with and without Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['congenital leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['transient myeloproliferative disorder', 'TMD']

answer: @entity6961 :: (MESH:D009196,Disease) :: ['Transient myeloproliferative disorder']


abstract: Using echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured three-dimensional changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in eight contiguous coronal slices, encompassing the entire @entity35 brain, before and after local cortical stimulation. We applied chemical ( @entity4337 application; n = 6) and mechanical (needle stab; n = 4) stimulations to the right posterior parietal @entity35 cortex. In all animals in which @entity4337 or the needle stab was applied, a region of decreased ADC values to a mean of 0.45 +/- 0.03 x 10(-5)cm2/s occurred. These reduced ADC levels appeared in the posterior parietal cortex within 1 min after cortical stimulation and the change recovered within 1 min. Then a ripple-like movement of similar changes developed across the unilateral cortex. This change was localized to the cortex and no significant ADC changes occurred in subcortical structures. The propagating speed of this movement was 3.4 +/- 0.5 mm/min. These findings are compatible with spreading @entity308 as observed electrophysiologically. Similar ADC changes occurred in areas distinct from the @entity2806 in 3 of 12 animals subjected to focal @entity2806 . This magnetic resonance method could detect spreading ADC decline if it occurred in @entity1 diseases including @entity2806 .

title: Spreading waves of a reduced diffusion coefficient of water in normal and ischemic XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'cerebral ischemia', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) are often prescribed as first-line therapy for @entity1 with @entity565 Despite their efficacy and improved safety profile compared with oral @entity288 , the potential for systemic side effects continues to cause concern. In order to reduce the potential for systemic side effects, the pharmaceutical industry has begun efforts to generate new drugs with pulmonary-targeted topical efficacy. One of the major challenges of this approach is to differentiate both efficacy and side effects (pulmonary vs. systemic) in a preclinical animal model. In this study, @entity5023 and @entity10924 were used as tool compounds to explore the possibility of demonstrating both efficacy and side effects in a @entity35 model using pulmonary delivery via intratracheal (IT) instillation with nanosuspension formulations. The inhibition of neutrophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cytokine ( @entity1505 ) production were utilized to assess pulmonary efficacy, while adrenal and thymus involution as well as plasma @entity2819 suppression was measured to assess systemic side effects. Based on neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production data, the ED50s for @entity10924 and @entity5023 were calculated to be 0.1 and 0.03 mg, respectively. At the ED50, the average adrenal involution was 7.6    5.3% for @entity10924 versus 16.6    5.1% for @entity5023 , while the average thymus involution was 41.0    4.3% for @entity10924 versus 59.5    5.8% for @entity5023 . However, the differentiation became less significant when the dose was pushed to the EDmax (0.3 mg for @entity10924 , 0.1 mg for @entity5023 ). Overall, the efficacy and side effect profiles of the two compounds exhibited differentiation at low to mid doses (0.03-0.1 mg @entity10924 , 0.01-0.03 mg @entity5023 ), while this differentiation diminished at the maximum efficacious dose (0.3 mg @entity10924 , 0.1 mg @entity5023 ), likely due to @entity1445 in this model. We conclude that the @entity35 @entity558 model using IT administration of nanosuspensions of @entity4185 is a useful tool to demonstrate pulmonary-targeted efficacy and to differentiate the side effects. However, it is only suitable at sub-maximum efficacious levels.

title: Evaluating the suitability of using XXXX models for preclinical efficacy and side effects with inhaled corticosteroids nanosuspension formulations.

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is increased in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of known @entity65 risk factors and biomarkers of @entity65 in @entity1 with and without @entity309 . METHODS: This study included two components: an examination of clinical @entity65 risk factors among @entity1 participating in the Nurses' Health Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort, and an analysis of @entity65 biomarkers among a subgroup of @entity1 from this cohort who provided a blood specimen in 1989 (biospecimen cohort). Data regarding clinical risk factors for @entity65 were collected in 1990 by mailed questionnaire. The diagnosis of @entity309 was confirmed through a structured medical record abstraction. We compared clinical risk factors for @entity65 and biomarkers of @entity65 between @entity1 with and without @entity309 , adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and menopause status. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity309 (n = 287) were significantly more likely than @entity1 without @entity309 (n = 87,019) to report no @entity167 use (48.2% versus 39.4%) and past cigarette smoking (47.8% versus 38.0%). No significant differences between these groups were observed for current smoker status, BMI, regular @entity117 use, @entity6 , @entity101 , physical activity, and family history of early @entity583 . In the biospecimen cohort (69 @entity309 cases and 491 controls), the levels of several inflammatory biomarkers linked to @entity65 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity309 , including CRP, @entity2002 , sICAM-1, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and @entity2159 . Levels of total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein, @entity1674 , @entity755 , and Lp(a) were similar between groups. Levels of @entity1255 were similar, but @entity2186 was significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity309 than among the controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 participating in the Nurses' Health Study, most traditional @entity65 risk factors were similar between those who had @entity309 and those who did not. However, as expected, biomarkers of @entity32 associated with @entity65 were generally elevated in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Cardiovascular risk factors in XXXX with and without @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the time of onset, method of identification, management, and outcome of pelvic relapse following @entity706 ( @entity706 ) alone (mantle and paraaortic/spleen or splenic pedicle fields, excluding the pelvis) in supradiaphragmatic Stage I-II @entity978 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis was performed of the initial, relapse, and regular follow-up evaluations of @entity1 with pelvic relapse following @entity706 alone from 1968 to the present for supradiaphragmatic Stage I-II @entity978 after pathologic staging ( @entity14554 -laparotomy staging) and clinical staging ( @entity1050 -no laparotomy staging). RESULTS: Following staging, which included bipedal lymphangiography, 482 @entity1 (408 @entity14554 and 74 @entity1050 ), were treated with @entity706 alone for supradiaphragmatic Stage I-II @entity978 . The actuarial freedom from relapse at 20 years was 75% in @entity14554 @entity1 and 81% in @entity1050 @entity1 . The actuarial pelvic failure at 20 years was 7% for @entity14554 @entity1 and 3% for @entity1050 @entity1 . Of the 29 @entity1 with pelvic relapse, 97% (28 of 29) occurred within 5 years of treatment, including 1 @entity1 who progressed during initial treatment. Pelvic relapse was most commonly initially identified by abnormalities involving @entity1 symptoms (62%), physical examination (55%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (48%), and bipedal lymphangiogram and/or abdominal radiograph (38%). Relapse was limited to previously unirradiated sites in 17 @entity1 (58%). In addition to pelvic @entity1600 , 3 @entity1 (10%) had involvement of bone, and 4 @entity1 (14%) had bone marrow involvement. Following relapse, all @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy (MOP[P], MOP[P]/ABV[D], ABVD, or PAVe) and 19 of 29 @entity1 received involved field consolidative irradiation. Twenty-one of 29 (72%) remained relapse free at the time of last follow-up evaluation, including 15 of 19 (79%) treated with combined therapy. Eight @entity1 experienced a second relapse despite salvage therapy, and all eight expired with recurrent @entity978 . Two @entity1 died of complications related to prior treatment. Therefore, the actuarial risk of @entity204 at 20 years associated with pelvic failure in the entire cohort of 482 @entity1 was 2%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic relapse occurred in 7% of @entity1 following @entity706 alone and was effectively diagnosed by regular follow-up, which included a combination of @entity1 history, physical examination, and radiographic laboratory evaluation. Seventy-two percent of @entity1 remained relapse free following salvage treatment, which included chemotherapy, resulting in an overall survival rate associated with pelvic control of 98%. This approach, therefore, spared the majority of @entity1 the long-term risks associated with pelvic irradiation and/or chemotherapy, such as @entity249 , but maintained an excellent prognosis.

title: Pelvic relapse following @entity706 in early stage XXXX --an analysis of risk, management, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal lymphoid irradiation', 'STLI']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with a rectal swab or stool sample positive for norovirus, rotavirus, or adenovirus. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Charleston Area Medical Center, a regional academic medical center in Charleston, West Virginia. METHODS: Rectal swab or stool samples were obtained from @entity1 suspected of having @entity1800 . These samples were sent to the Charleston Area Medical Center virology laboratory for testing in 2007. Viral antigen in rectal swab and stool samples is detected by use of commercially available immunoassay kits for each virus. Data were extracted from the virology laboratory database for the following 1-year time period: January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2007. When necessary, additional information was obtained from electronic administrative data on @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 2,867 rectal swab and stool samples available for viral testing. Of these samples, 1,261 (44%) were positive for a virus. Of these positive samples, 972 (77%) were positive for norovirus, 182 (14%) were positive for rotavirus, and 110 (9%) were positive for adenovirus. The @entity1 in the youngest age group had the highest number of test results positive for all 3 viruses. When the test results for the youngest age group (0-9 years) were compared with those for all the other age groups combined (10-99 years), the proportion of positive cases was highest for the youngest age group (P<.001). There were significant seasonal trends for all 3 viruses. Multivariate analysis of norovirus showed that season, source, sex, and age were significant predictors of a positive test result. Multivariate analysis of rotavirus showed that season and source were significant predictors of a positive test result. Multivariate analysis of adenovirus showed that season and age were significant predictors of a positive test result. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude (1) that these 3 viruses are common causes of @entity1902 in Charleston, West Virginia; (2) that @entity1 and young @entity1 are more likely to test positive for these viruses than are older individuals; (3) that norovirus was the most common cause of @entity1902 ; and (4) that there are seasonal trends for all 3 viruses.

title: XXXX in Charleston, West Virginia, in 2007: from birth to 99 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Viral gastroenteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) constitutes about 3% of solid @entity5 in adults. Unfortunately, in spite of continuous development of more and more efficient diagnostic methods, in about 30% of @entity1 with @entity1358 metastatic spread is found at presentation. Only in 1% of @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 metastases are limited exclusively to the head-and-neck region. We present a case of a male @entity1 in whom a @entity5 of the upper lip was the first symptom of advanced @entity703 . CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old male was admitted to the Urology Department due to a large @entity5 of the right kidney. About two months earlier the @entity1 noted a nodule located within the upper lip. In the same period painless @entity811 occurred twice, which was disregarded by the @entity1 . A CT scan of the chest and abdomen showed a large @entity5 of the kidney, multiple lung and bone metastases. The @entity1 underwent local surgical @entity5 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: In natural history of @entity703 there is a risk of metastatic spread to the head-and-neck region. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen should be considered if a @entity5 of unknown origin is found within the head-and-neck region. Prognosis in case of confirmed metastatic @entity703 is unfavourable and @entity1 's treatment should be conducted in specialist centres.

title: An @entity5 as the presenting symptom of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['palliative renal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'excision of the lip tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']