abstract: This case report describes interaction of @entity4903 and @entity281 resulting in a complex psychopathology in an 82-year-old, previously healthy lady. One month after a hip replacement, she developed fluctuating @entity73 and @entity8143 , associated with hyponatraemia. Shortly afterwards, development of severe @entity308 resulted in a prolonged @entity146 admission. During this time, she suffered recurring @entity293 ( @entity293 ). @entity73 persisted. Persistent hyponatraemia prompted regular @entity701 monitoring. Gradual decline was detected and primary @entity1887 was confirmed with Synachten test. Starting life-long substitution treatment resulted in a normalisation of serum @entity1372 levels, mood and cognition and disappearance of @entity716 features. According to our hypothesis, psychopathology was induced by @entity1887 triggered by the hip replacement and perpetuated by recurrent @entity293 . Although @entity933 are well known to be associated with hyponatraemia, @entity1316 have been only described in one previous case report.

title: @entity1887 presenting as a range of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Delusions and fluctuating cognition']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadrenalism', 'adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium-type symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['trauma, endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: Phase I studies with pegylated @entity26118 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF), a @entity26118 that stimulates megakaryopoiesis, have demonstrated that @entity970 -rHuMGDF is biologically active alone and causes a dose-related enhancement of platelet recovery when administered after chemotherapy. Here we report the dose-ranging pharmacokinetics of @entity970 -rHuMGDF. Pre-injection blood samples were drawn daily for pharmacokinetic studies on 43 @entity1 . An ELISA, established using @entity970 -rHuMGDF as the standard, was able to quantitate @entity26118 at concentrations > 0.02 ng/mL. Over the dose range 0.03 to 5.0 microg/kg/day, subcutaneous administration produced linear increases in steady-state serum levels. Maximum levels of @entity970 -rHuMGDF attained after 5.0 microg/kg/day were 5.88 to 10.9 ng/mL. After discontinuation of @entity970 -rHuMGDF, concentrations of @entity26118 returned to baseline within 5 days. The pharmacokinetics were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption, an absorption delay, and non linear clearance over the first 48 hours. The mean terminal half-life was 33.3 + 16.7 hours, and the average apparent at steady state was 27.7 + 14.0 mL/h/kg; both were independent of administered dose. The apparent clearance of @entity970 -rHuMGDF was not predicted by platelet count. Administration of chemotherapy and Filgrastim did not alter the pharmacokinetics of @entity970 -rHuMGDF.

title: Pharmacokinetic analysis of pegylated XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26118 :: ('7066', 'Gene') :: ['Mpl ligand', 'megakaryocyte growth and development factor', 'c-Mpl ligand']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['megakaryocyte growth and development factor']


abstract: @entity68 regulates the stability of the mRNA encoding the @entity8282 ( @entity8282 ). When @entity68 is scarce, @entity68 regulatory proteins (IRPs) stabilize @entity8282 mRNA by binding to the 3'-untranslated region. High levels of @entity68 induce degradation of @entity8282 mRNA; the translation inhibitor @entity1880 prevents this. To distinguish between cotranslational mRNA decay and a trans effect of translation inhibitors, we designed a reporter system exploiting the properties of the selectable marker gene @entity1014 kinase (TK). The 3'-untranslated region of @entity1 @entity8282 , which contains all elements necessary for @entity68 -dependent regulation of mRNA stability, was fused to the TK cDNA. In stably transfected @entity19 fibroblasts, the expression of the reporter gene was perfectly regulated by @entity68 . Introduction of stop codons in the TK coding sequence or insertion of stable stem-loop structures in the leader sequence did not affect on the @entity68 -dependent regulation of the reporter mRNA. This implies that global translation inhibitors stabilize @entity8282 mRNA in trans. @entity1880 prevented the destabilization of @entity8282 mRNA only in the presence of active IRPs. Inhibition of @entity17731 inactivation by @entity1880 or by the specific proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 correlated with the stabilization of @entity8282 mRNA. These observations suggest that inhibition of translation by @entity1880 interferes with the rate-limiting step of @entity68 -induced @entity8282 mRNA decay in a trans-acting mechanism by blocking @entity17731 inactivation.

title: Characterization of the translation-dependent step during XXXX -regulated decay of transferrin receptor mRNA.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity8282 :: ('7037', 'Gene') :: ['TfR', 'transferrin receptor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine what @entity1 and injury factors are associated with the presence of a meniscus tear in @entity174 . We also sought to compare functional outcome, @entity158 scores, and range of motion between @entity1 groups with and without @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 99 @entity1 with 101 acute @entity174 were included in the study cohort. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those with and without meniscus tears at the time of @entity130 . Statistical analysis with Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi square test for categorical variables was performed to compare those with and without a meniscal tear. Logistic regression was performed to identify the variables that predicted the presence of a meniscus tear and repeated ANOVA measures were used to assess functional outcome scores. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 with 56 @entity174 (55%) were found to have an associated meniscal tear. The average amount of joint @entity308 in this group was 12.3 mm (range: 2.0 to 29.5 mm). The remaining 45 @entity1 with 45 @entity174 (45%) had an average @entity308 of 5.4 mm (range: 0.0 to 12.8 mm). Degree of @entity308 was the only significant predictor of @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that amount of @entity308 in @entity174 is a significant predictor of the occurrence of a meniscus tear with an odds ratio of 1.36. We also found no significant difference in the functional outcome, @entity158 scores, and knee range of motion between the group with and without meniscus tears at the longest follow-up interval. These findings suggest that acute repair of @entity130 following traumatic @entity174 of the tibial plateau could produce functional results similar to those @entity1 that did not sustain a meniscus tear.

title: XXXX with and without meniscus tear--results of a standardized treatment protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'tibial plateau depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial plateau fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'meniscal injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: @entity75 is an increasingly recognized complication of type 1 @entity6 . The underlying mechanisms are not well understood, although @entity1720 has been implicated. The spontaneously @entity6 BB/Wor- @entity35 develops @entity146 and neuronal cell death in hippocampus and frontal cortex, which can be prevented by insulinomimetic C-peptide. Here we examined whether contributing factors such as activation of innate immune mediators are responsive to C-peptide replacement. Seven-month @entity6 BB/Wor- @entity35 and those treated with full C-peptide replacement were compared to age-matched control @entity35 . Hippocampi of @entity6 @entity35 showed upregulation of @entity23688 and NF-kappaB, the former being localized to proliferating astrocytes. These changes were associated with increased expression of @entity1505 , @entity3426 , @entity5041 and @entity568 in hippocampi of @entity6 @entity35 . Full C-peptide replacement, which did not induce @entity4854 , resulted in significant prevention of upregulation of @entity23688 expression, activation of NF-kappaB and activation of pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, impaired insulin activity is associated with upregulation of @entity23688 and pro-inflammatory factors, and these are likely to contribute to previously described oxidative and apoptotic neuronal cell death. Replacement of insulinomimetic C-peptide significantly prevents this cascade of events.

title: Inflammation in XXXX is Prevented by C-Peptide.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1032 represents an important public health problem. Local-level data concerning @entity1032 in different populations (e.g., socio-demographics and residence--metropolitan/urban/rural) provides the evidence-base for public health authorities to plan, implement and evaluate control programs. This paper describes prevalence and covariates of @entity146 conditions in Georgia populations in three defined geographic areas. METHODS: Data came from the Georgia population-based random-digit-dialing study investigating unwellness and @entity5815 ( @entity8553 ) in Georgia populations of three defined geographic areas (metropolitan, urban, and rural). Respondents were screened for symptoms of @entity1295 , sleep, cognition, and @entity158 at household screening interviews, and a randomly selected sample completed detailed individual phone interviews. Based on the detailed phone interviews, we conducted one-day clinical evaluations of 292 detailed interview @entity1 classified as unwell with a probable @entity8553 (i.e. @entity8553 ; a functional somatic syndrome), 268 classified as other unwell, and 223 well (matched to @entity8553 ). Clinical evaluation included @entity146 classification by means of the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). To derive prevalence estimates we used sample weighting to account for the complexity of the multistage sampling design. We used 2- and 3-way table analyses to examine socio-demographic and urbanicity specific associations and multiple logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: @entity1316 were the most common @entity146 conditions. Nineteen percent of @entity1 suffered a current @entity148 , 18% a @entity1316 and 10% had two or more conditions. There was a significant linear trend in occurrence of @entity148 or @entity1316 from well to @entity8553 . The most common @entity148 were @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) (6.6%) and @entity148 ( @entity148 ) (5.8%). Logistic regression showed that lower education and female sex contributed significantly to risk for both @entity1005 and @entity148 . In addition, rural/urban residence and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with @entity1005 . We defined moderate to severe @entity308 as @entity308 or a Zung score>60 and logistic regression found lower education to be significantly associated but sex, age and urbanicity were not. CONCLUSIONS: Overall occurrence of @entity148 and @entity1316 in Georgia mirrored national findings. However, @entity1005 and @entity148 occurred at twice the published national rates (3.6 and 2.7%, respectively). State and local prevalence and associations with education, sex and urbanicity comprise important considerations for developing control programs. The increased prevalence of @entity148 and @entity1316 in @entity1 with a functional somatic syndrome (or @entity8553 illness) is important for primary care providers, who should consider additional @entity146 screening or referral of individuals presenting with somatoform symptoms.

title: XXXX in metropolitan, urban and rural Georgia populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental illness', 'mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'Anxiety and mood disorders', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'generalized anxiety disorder', 'GAD', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental illness']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the incidence of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and its risk factors among @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: All first-time @entity1479 recipients in Denmark during 2000-12 were identified from medical databases. Incident VTEs were ascertained, overall and according to gender, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score (no, moderate, or severe comorbidity), prior pacemaker or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) implantation, and @entity1479 type (single-chamber, dual-chamber, or CRT-D). We computed the risk of @entity1211 within 3 months and 5 years of implantation, taking death into account as a competing risk. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to compute hazard ratios as estimates of incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Among 8132 @entity1479 recipients, 136 VTEs were diagnosed during up to 13 years of follow-up (median = 3.0 years). The @entity1211 incidence rate was thus 4.5 per 1000 @entity1 -years [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7-5.2]. @entity1211 risk was 0.3% (95% CIs ranging from 0.1 to 0.7%) within 3 months following @entity1479 implantation regardless of comorbidity level. Within 5 years following implantation it was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8-2.3%), 1.3% (1.0-1.8%), and 3.2% (95% CI: 2.4-4.1%) for @entity1 with no, moderate, and severe comorbidity, respectively. Overall, severe comorbidity conferred a 2.7-fold higher incidence rate ratio than no comorbidity (95% CI: 1.6-4.6). Incidence rate ratios did not differ by gender, age, or @entity1479 type. CONCLUSION: Three-month risk of @entity1211 following @entity1479 implantation was 0.3% regardless of comorbidity level. Five-year risk of @entity1211 following @entity1479 implantation was 1.9% and more than twice as high for @entity1 with severe comorbidity as for @entity1 without comorbidity.

title: @entity1211 in XXXX with @entity737 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Outcome data of @entity1 with acquired @entity2150 ( @entity41712 ) are lacking from the developing world. Here, we describe the same from a centre in North India. METHODS: Retrospective data regarding medical history, physical examination, complete blood count, bone marrow aspirate, and biopsy were retrieved for all @entity1 <18 years, with acquired @entity41712 admitted between January 2005 and June 2012. In addition, the outcome data after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) or bone marrow transplant (BMT) was obtained. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity41712 (Inherited-18 @entity41712 ). Among 43 @entity1 with acquired @entity41712 , 3 had nonsevere and 40 had severe. One @entity1 with nonsevere @entity41712 died of @entity295 and 2 recovered spontaneously. Of the 40 remaining @entity1 with severe @entity41712 , 10 refused therapy and 3 died due to severe @entity295 prior to any therapy. Five underwent upfront matched sibling donor BMT and one post-IST failure. Four year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event free survival (EFS) for @entity1 undergoing BMT was 100% and 80    17.9, respectively. Out of 22 treated with IST, 20 were evaluable for response. Seventeen received one course and 3 received two course of IST. The overall response to IST was seen in 14/20 (70%). Only two achieved complete response while remaining 12 had partial response. The 4-year estimated @entity1349 and EFS for @entity1 treated with IST was 74.4    12.1% and 65.6    12.2. CONCLUSION: Outcomes for @entity1 with @entity41712 are encouraging in the developing world although barriers like @entity295 and treatment abandonment remain. BMT offers faster and complete recovery.

title: Outcome of pediatric acquired XXXX : a developing world experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and its treatment impair speech intelligibility by alteration of the vocal tract. The aim of this study was to identify the factors of @entity5 treatment that influence speech intelligibility by means of an automatic, standardized speech-recognition system. The study group comprised 71 @entity1 (mean age 59.89, range 35-82 years) with @entity957 ranging from stage T1 to T4 (TNM staging). @entity5 were located on the tongue (n=23), @entity4067 (n=27), and floor of the mouth (n=21). Reconstruction was conducted through local tissue plasty or microvascular transplants. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in 49 @entity1 . Speech intelligibility was evaluated before, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after @entity5 resection, and compared to that of a healthy control group (n=40). Postoperatively, significant influences on speech intelligibility were @entity5 localization (P=0.010) and resection volume (P=0.019). Additionally, adjuvant radiotherapy (P=0.049) influenced intelligibility at 3 months after surgery. At 6 months after surgery, influences were resection volume (P=0.028) and adjuvant radiotherapy (P=0.034). The influence of @entity5 localization (P=0.001) and adjuvant radiotherapy (P=0.022) persisted after 12 months. Tumour localization, resection volume, and radiotherapy are crucial factors for speech intelligibility. Radiotherapy significantly impaired word recognition rate (WR) values with a progression of the impairment for up to 12 months after surgery.

title: Factors influencing relative speech intelligibility in XXXX with @entity957 : a prospective study using automatic, computer-based speech analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'oral cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['lower alveolar crest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a method for isolating highly purified brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) from @entity35 brain by using magnetic cell sorting, and clarify the expression levels of @entity24071 ( @entity24071 ) subtypes in these highly purified BCECs. METHODS: The cells were prepared from the capillary enriched-fraction by enzyme digestion, and reacted with anti- @entity18518 antibody. The cell sorting was performed by autoMACS. The mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS: From five @entity35 , 2.3 x 10(6) cells were isolated in the @entity18518 (+) fraction and the percentage of labeled cells in this was 85.9%. @entity18518 , @entity22677 and @entity26081 mRNA were concentrated in the @entity18518 (+) fraction compared with @entity35 brain. The contamination by neurons and astrocytes was markedly less than in the brain capillary fraction prepared by the glass bead column method. @entity39396 were predominantly expressed in the @entity18518 (+) fraction at similar levels to @entity23742 . The mRNA levels of @entity39397 and 3 were 10.6 and 7.60% of that of @entity24071 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This new purification method provides BCECs with less contamination by neural cells. In the isolated BCECs, @entity39396 are predominantly expressed, suggesting that they play an important role at the @entity35 blood-brain barrier.

title: Establishing a method to isolate @entity35 brain capillary endothelial cells by magnetic cell sorting and dominant mRNA expression of XXXX 1 and 4 in highly purified @entity35 brain capillary endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity24071 :: ('24565(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Mrp1', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein', 'Mrp']

answer: @entity24071 :: (24565(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['multidrug resistance-associated protein']


abstract: @entity41817 ( @entity41817 ) display an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water temperatures. These fish express both anti-freeze proteins and @entity653 in their plasma, liver, muscle and other tissues to avoid freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Maintenance of @entity653 levels requires active feeding in very cold water. To understand how these fish can maintain activity at cold temperatures, we explored thermal acclimation by the @entity121 of smelt exposed to cold water. We hypothesized that cold-acclimated fish would show enhanced swimming ability due to shifts in muscle contractile properties. We also predicted that shifts in swimming performance would be associated with changes in the expression patterns of muscle proteins such as parvalbumin (PV) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Swimming studies show significantly faster swimming by smelt acclimated to 5  C compared to fish acclimated to 20  C when tested at a common test temperature of 10  C. The cold-acclimated fish also had faster muscle contractile properties, such as a maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) almost double that of warm-acclimated fish at the same test temperature. Cold-acclimation is associated with a modest increase in PV levels in the swimming muscle. Fluorescence microscopy using anti-MyHC antibodies suggests that MyHC expression in the @entity121 may shift in response to exposure to cold water. The complex set of physiological responses that comprise cold-acclimation in smelt includes modifications in muscle function to permit active locomotion in cold water.

title: Thermal acclimation in XXXX , @entity41817 , leads to faster @entity121 contractile properties and improved swimming performance.

entities_list: @entity41817 :: ('8014', 'Species') :: ['Rainbow smelt', 'Osmerus mordax']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myotomal muscle']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity41817 :: (8014,Species) :: ['rainbow smelt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparative mapping of 5S and 45S rDNA by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique is an excellent tool to determine cytogenetic relationships among closely related species. RESULTS: In this study, the number and position of 5S and 45S rDNA loci in all @entity15669 and subspecies were determined. The cultivated watermelon ( @entity4101 . vulgaris), @entity4101 . mucosospermus, C. colocynthis and C. naudinianus (or Acanthosicyos naudinianus) had two 45S rDNA loci and one 5S rDNA locus which was located syntenic to one of the 45S rDNA loci. C. ecirrhosus and @entity4101 . lanatus had one 45S rDNA locus and two 5S rDNA loci, each located on a different chromosome. C. rehmii had one 5S and one 45S rDNA locus positioned on different chromosomes. The distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA in several species belonging to other genera in Benincaseae tribe was also investigated. The distribution pattern of rDNAs showed a great difference among these species. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed evolutionary closeness among cultivated watermelon ( @entity4101 . vulgaris), @entity4101 . mucosospermus and C. colocynthis. Our result also supported that @entity4101 . lanatus was not a wild form of the cultivated watermelon instead was a separate crop species. In addition, present cytogenetic analysis suggested that A. naudinianus was more closely related to Cucumis than to Citrullus or Acanthosicyos, but with a unique position and may be a link bridge between the Citrullus and the Cucumis.

title: Cytogenetic relationships among XXXX in comparison with some genera of the tribe Benincaseae (Cucurbitaceae) as inferred from rDNA distribution patterns.

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['Citrullus species']

entities_list: @entity4101 :: ('3654', 'Species') :: ['C. lanatus subsp']

answer: @entity15669 :: (MESH:C564159,Disease) :: ['Citrullus species']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transnasal endoscopy with ultraslim endoscope has rapidly spread in Japan. Ultraslim endoscopy provides less resolution than that of conventional endoscopy and may lead to missed screening of early @entity356 . We evaluated the efficacy of ultraslim endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) for the diagnosis of early @entity356 . METHODS: This study included 20 consecutive @entity1 in whom 22 @entity356 were resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) between April 2011 and January 2012 in Yamaguchi University Hospital. Prior to ESD, marking dots were made during observation with ultraslim endoscopy with FICE. We evaluated en bloc resection rate and @entity5 visibility with the FICE system. RESULTS: All @entity5 were resected with sufficient lateral margin. Only one case had @entity5 cells in the vertical margin. En bloc resection rate was 95.5 % (21/22 lesions). Ultraslim endoscopy with FICE more clearly visualized @entity5 margin than did conventional endoscopy. Especially, the effect was remarkable in discolored lesions (100.0 %, 3/3 lesions). CONCLUSIONS: Ultraslim endoscopy with FICE improved visibility of @entity356 .

title: Usefulness of ultraslim endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement for detection of XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric neoplasms']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric neoplasm']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 underwent anterior resection and coloanal @entity254 between October 1984 and September 1987. Indications included @entity420 of the low rectum in 9, @entity5 in 2, @entity5 in 1, @entity1161 in 1, adult onset @entity195 in 1, rectourethral fistula in 1, and megarectum in 1. There was no in-hospital mortality and no anastomotic dehiscence. The Kirwan classification was used to evaluate functional results. Ninety-three percent of @entity1 expressed satisfaction with their surgical results. Eighty-seven percent of @entity1 are normally continent. A single @entity1 is grossly incontinent. Eight of nine @entity1 with @entity189 were resected for cure. A single @entity1 has died of an @entity74 and the remaining seven are free of disease at an average follow-up of 24 months. The authors conclude that coloanal @entity254 is a safe procedure accompanied by minimal morbidity, or risk of local recurrence. Excellent, or at least acceptable, continence can be anticipated in the majority of carefully selected @entity1 . The coloanal @entity254 should be strongly considered in any @entity1 with a low-lying @entity75 in whom body habitus precludes the possibility of conventional low anterior resection.

title: Restorative resection: coloanal @entity254 for benign and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['villous tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity49 testing helps to identify populations at risk of @entity1211 , but motivations for testing individuals are frequently unclear. OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to assess the motivations for @entity49 testing among family physicians (FPs) to determine whether testing was congruent with expert opinion, and to study counseling practices. METHODS: The FPs and experts completed a survey involving hypothetical @entity49 @entity1 . Responses between groups were compared using the script concordance method. RESULTS: The FPs referred 35.9% of cases. Of the five scenarios, two resulted in disagreement regarding appropriateness of testing (P  <= .037). The FPs were more likely to test male, @entity28 , or pediatric @entity1 , @entity1 with a family history of @entity583 or @entity249 , and @entity1 with a recent event (P  <= .043). The FPs were more likely to counsel @entity1 after testing (P  <= .016). CONCLUSION: Disagreement exists between physician groups about the utility of @entity49 testing. Self-reported lack of pretest counseling among FPs warrants further study.

title: A study of XXXX testing and counseling practices of family physicians using the script concordance method in Calgary, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombophilia', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: To address the paucity of randomized clinical studies assessing @entity9052 on long-term outcomes in type 2 @entity6 , we assessed the clinical antidiabetic efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of supplementation with a Korean red @entity9052 (KRG) preparation, dose, and mode of administration, selected from an acute, clinical, screening model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with well-controlled type 2 @entity6 (sex: 11 M:8 F, age: 64+/-2 years, BMI: 28.9+/-1.4 kg/m(2), HbA(1c): 6.5%) completed the study. Using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, each @entity1 received the selected KRG preparation (rootlets) and placebo at the selected dose (2 g/meal=6 g/day) and mode of administration (preprandial oral agent [-40 min]) for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual anti- @entity6 therapy (diet and/or medications). Outcomes included measures of efficacy (HbA1c and fasting- and 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test [OGTT]-plasma @entity413 [PG], plasma insulin [PI], and insulin sensitivity index [ISI] indices); safety (liver, kidney, haemostatic, and blood-pressure function); and compliance (returned capsules, diet-records, and body-weight). There was no change in the primary endpoint, HbA(1c). The @entity1 , however, remained well-controlled ( @entity4051 c=6.5%) throughout. The selected KRG treatment also decreased 75 g-OGTT-PG indices by 8-11% and fasting-PI and 75 g-OGTT-PI indices by 33-38% and increased fasting-ISI (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]) and 75 g-OGTT-ISI by 33%, compared with placebo (P<0.05). Safety and compliance outcomes remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical efficacy, as assessed by HbA1c, was not demonstrated, 12 weeks of supplementation with the selected KRG treatment maintained good glycemic control and improved PG and PI regulation safely beyond usual therapy in @entity1 with well-controlled type 2 @entity6 . Further investigation with similarly selected KRG treatments may yield clinical efficacy.

title: Korean red XXXX ( @entity9052 ) improves @entity413 and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 @entity6 : results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 80% of @entity1 with @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) survive, but many develop long-term effects after the therapy. The aim of the study was to reveal how much Norwegian adults treated for @entity1778 before the age of 16 know about the risk of long-term effects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The @entity1 (n = 139) were recruited from a cross-sectional study (ALLBARN) of adults treated for @entity1778 before the age of 16 in the period 1970-2002. Their knowledge of diagnosis, treatment and long-term effects was investigated in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: A median number of 23 years after treatment for @entity1778 , 85 (61%) of the @entity1 were unable to give examples of possible long-term effects of @entity5 treatment. Reduced fertility was known to 35 @entity1 (25%), while few were aware of the risk of @entity712 (n = 3) or secondary malignancy (n = 5). Those who were aware of long-term effects usually had personal experience of the problem. However, the @entity1 had a sound knowledge of their own diagnosis and the therapy they had been submitted to. INTERPRETATION: Long-term survivors of @entity1778 in childhood and adolescence know little of the risk of long-term effects. The dissemination of information about the potential consequences of the therapy should be improved.

title: XXXX knowledge of late effects of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphatic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Eight million new cases of @entity378 are merging annually, worldwide, of which an estimated three million are dying. The quality of medical care rendered by chest clinics (dispensaries) to @entity378 @entity1 is crucial. The present study was conducted in order to assess quality of medical care rendered to @entity378 @entity1 in all chest clinics in Alexandria (n=7). To achieve this aim, three checklists were developed in relation to the three dimensions of medical care, namely, structure, process of care and outcome. They were validated and rated by ten medical experts working in the field of @entity378 and @entity764 . Accordingly for the process of care, each item was scored using weighted scores for physicians' performance. Unit weighted scoring was also used for physicians, nurses, as well as social workers. Direct observation was conducted for assessment of structure and process of care rendered by physicians, nurses and social workers. On the other hand, outcome was measured by cure or treatment completion rate, treatment failure rate, defaulter rate, as well as death rate. The results revealed that percentage of recommended structure items ranged between 77.8% and 94.4%. Regarding process of care, it was found that the overall weighted physicians' performance index (PPI) expressed in percentage was 36.97+/-13.65%, while the mean unit weighted PPI was 35.26+/-13.5%. For the different areas of care, the mean weighted and unit weighted PPI, respectively, were 27.86+/-20.83% and 28.6+/-21.7% in history taking, 54.65+/-11.92% and 42.83+/-13.83% for examination, 31.64+/-19.61% and 37.10+/-19.40% for educating @entity1 , while it was 36.36+/-16.0% and 37.90+/-16.20% for measures applied to contacts. Moreover, assessment of nurses and social workers' performance revealed that they had carried out 91.86% and 86.60% of their recommended activities, respectively. Outcome indices among the different clinics showed that cure or treatment completion rate ranged from 47.48% to 81.51%, while treatment failure rate ranged between 1.71% and 11.54%. On the other hand, the defaulter rate showed a minimum of 13.70% and a maximum of 44.86%. From the present study it could be recommended that quality of medical care in chest clinics should be emphasized specially as regards process of care given by physicians.

title: Quality assessment of medical care in XXXX in Alexandria.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest diseases']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest dispensaries']


abstract: DAB486IL-2 is a recombinant fusion toxin in which the native receptor binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced with @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). It selectively binds and intoxicates only cells that bear the high-affinity receptor for @entity1199 . In the first clinical trial of a genetically engineered ligand fusion-toxin, we have treated 18 @entity1 with chemotherapy-resistant @entity3647 expressing @entity1583 with escalating doses of @entity11100 . The maximal tolerated dose of a daily intravenous bolus of DAB486IL-2 was 0.1 mg/kg per day for 10 doses, established by asymptomatic, reversible elevations of hepatic transaminases without changes in other tests of liver function. Other mild reversible side effects noted were @entity1910 , @entity390 , elevated @entity1011 , chest tightness, and @entity221 . Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a monophasic clearance of 5.8 +/- 0.7 minutes with peak levels of 3,549 +/- 1,041 mg/mL at the 0.1 mg/kg dose. Approximately 50% of @entity1 developed an antibody response to diphtheria toxin or DAB486IL-2. The presence of such antibodies did not preclude @entity1 from experiencing an antitumor response as four of the six patients with antitumor effect had detectable antibody titers. Although this was a phase I trial designed to define the safety of DAB486IL-2, remissions were observed in three @entity1 lasting from 5 to over 18 months. The ability to achieve significant @entity5 reductions in this group of heavily treated @entity1 is encouraging and suggests additional trials are warranted in @entity1583 .

title: Phase I trial of an XXXX ( @entity1199 ) fusion toxin (DAB486IL-2) in @entity1583 expressing the @entity3647 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity705 is the most common @entity3478 in the scapula. This condition might lead to @entity1795 , which is characterized by @entity158 , audible, and/or palpable abnormal scapulothoracic motion. In the present case, this syndrome was successfully treated by use of endoscopically assisted resection of the @entity705 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 41-year-old @entity1 had a tolerable @entity158 in his scapular region over a 10 years' period. The @entity158 developed gradually with shoulder motion, in particular with golf swing since he was aiming a professional golf player career. On physical examination, "clunking" was noted once from 90 degrees of abduction to 180 degrees of shoulder motion. A trans-scapular roentgenogram and computed tomography images revealed an @entity705 located at the anterior and inferior aspect of the scapula. @entity5 was performed by the use of endoscopically assisted resection. One portal was made at the lateral border of the scapula to introduce a 2.7-mm-diameter, 30 degrees Hopkins telescope. The @entity5 was resected in a piece-by-piece manner by the use of graspers through the same portal. Immediately after the operation @entity158 relief was obtained, and the "clunking" disappeared. CT images showed complete @entity5 resection. The @entity1 could start playing golf one week after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Endoscopically assisted resection of @entity705 provides a feasible technique to treat @entity1795 and obtain early functional recovery with a short hospital stay and cosmetic advantage.

title: Endoscopically assisted resection of a XXXX causing @entity1795 .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma of the scapula', 'Osteochondroma', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['snapping scapula syndrome']

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['scapular osteochondroma']


abstract: The nutritive value of meat and bone meals (MBM) was assessed for broilers. The MBM was produced according to the revised (pressure) processing system ordered by the European Union (EC 96/449). Three batches of MBM from @entity291 (MBMcattle) and three from @entity1707 (MBMpig) with different ash contents (224, 306, 387, and 209,293, 430 g/kg, respectively) were tested for digestibility at a 10% inclusion level. The MBMcattle and MBMpig with the lowest ash (224 and 209 g/kg, respectively) were tested also at 20% inclusion. A basal diet ( @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal) was used as a control. Two-week-old broiler @entity1573 were used in four replicates per treatment (14 to 32 d of age). The AMEn of MBM was high (10.51 to 13.04 MJ/kg DM). Species origin had no significant effect, whereas more ash and a higher inclusion level decreased the AMEn. The factors investigated showed no significant effect on the excretal digestibility of @entity2723 or on total AA. Excretal digestibility of total @entity1522 (AA) ranged from 60 to 65%. The ileal digestibility of @entity2723 and AA of MBMpig with 209 g/kg ash was also tested at 10 and 20% inclusion. Excretal digestibility was significantly higher than ileal digestibility of @entity2723 (63.8 and 55.8%, respectively) and total AA (60.9 and 56.2%, respectively). The 20% inclusion level resulted in a lower digestibility for both methods. The digestibility of @entity2723 was measured by four different in vitro techniques, based on pepsin digestibility. The data showed a large variation and did not correlate at all with the in vivo digestibility values.

title: Nutritive value of the meat and bone meals from @entity291 or XXXX in broiler diets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Screening, diagnosis and revascularization of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity6 are major challenges for current clinical practice. Diagnostic (angiography) and therapeutic (angioplasty) cardiac catheterization are important resources for the clinical assessment and management of @entity453 . Anatomic peculiarities of @entity453 in @entity6 can be well characterized by angiography, associated or not by intravascular ultrasound. The worse outcome following coronary revascularization procedures, either angioplasty or surgery, in @entity6 is one of the main fields of clinical research. In spite of controversies, about one quarter of angioplasty and one third of surgical revascularization procedures are performed in @entity6 . Two ongoing, large, randomized, multicentric trials are investigating the best management of @entity453 in @entity6 . The BARI 2D trial is randomizing asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic @entity1 with @entity453 for either medical therapy or revascularization (angioplasty or surgery, according to the best clinical judgment). The FREEDOM trial is randomizing stable @entity1 with multivessel @entity453 for either angioplasty with drug eluting stents or surgery, with or without extracorporeal circulation. While the evidences are not available, in order to decide on the best revascularization procedure for individual @entity1 , medical practice has been balanced according to a number of variables. Conditions that favor angioplasty: short lesions, lesions in large vessels, absence of left anterior descending @entity455 , previous coronary bypass surgery and high surgical risk due to co-morbidities. Conditions that favor surgery: long lesions, lesions in small vessels, presence of left anterior descending @entity455 and need for associated valve surgery.

title: [Coronary angiography and angioplasty in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity101 has seemingly vanished from surgery; this study was undertaken to determine where it has gone. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the Agency for Health Care Administration for 33,166,201 hospital inpatients in Florida for the periods 1988 to 1992, 1998 to 2002, and 2008 to 2012 were analyzed. RESULTS: Admissions with a diagnosis of @entity101 dramatically increased: 5,473 @entity1 from 1988 to 1992, 7,366 @entity1 from 1998 to 2002, and 36,554 @entity1 from 2008 to 2012. Endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices also dramatically increased. The number of decompressive shunts placed nominally increased, but application of endoscopic therapy increased significantly faster than the application of decompressive shunts (p < 0.0001). The percentage of @entity1 who underwent shunting dramatically and significantly decreased (p < 0.0001), and surgeons undertook proportionally fewer shunts (42% in 1992 to 4% in 2012; p < 0.0001). For @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity101 , in-hospital mortality progressively decreased, from 9% in 1988 to 1992 to 3% in 2008 to 2012 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the state of Florida, over 25 years, there has been a 7-fold increase in the number of @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity101 , with a 65% reduction of in-hospital mortality. Application of endoscopic treatment of varices has increased dramatically. Decompressive shunts are applied to an ever-decreasing percentage of @entity1 , and when applied, are now routinely undertaken by nonsurgeons. Therefore, @entity101 has disappeared from the purview of surgery and has migrated toward the world of medical and endoscopic therapy, probably never to return.

title: Portal XXXX Over the Last 25 Years: Where Did It Go?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'portal hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) is essential for cell viability and genome stability. Homologous recombination repair plays an important role in DSB repair and impairment of this repair mechanism may lead to loss of genomic integrity, which is one of the hallmarks of @entity5 . Recent research has shown that the @entity5 suppressor genes @entity876 and @entity6069 are involved in the proper control of homologous recombination, suggesting a role of this type of repair in @entity1 @entity5 . We developed a novel assay based on recombination between two Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) sequences in transiently transfected plasmid DNA. The plasmid construct contains an intact, emission-shifted, "blue" variant of GFP (BFP), with a 300 @entity377 stretch of homology to a nonfunctional copy of GFP. In the absence of homologous recombination only BFP is present, but homologous recombination can create a functional GFP. The homologous regions in the plasmid were constructed in both the direct and the inverted orientation of transcription to detect possible differences in the recombination mechanisms involved. A panel of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines was chosen on the basis of genetic background and chromosome integrity and tested for homologous recombination using this assay. The panel included cell lines with varying levels of karyotypic abnormalities, isogenic cell lines with normal and mutant @entity876 , isogenic cell lines with or without DNA mismatch repair, @entity6069 mutant cell lines, and the @entity706 cell line DT40. With this assay, the observed differences between cell lines with the lowest and highest levels of recombination were about 100-fold. Increased levels of recombination were associated with mutant @entity876 , whereas a low level of recombination was found in the @entity5345 mutant cell line. In the cell line HT1080TG, a mutagenized derivative of HT1080 with two mutant alleles of @entity876 , high levels of recombination were found with the direct orientation but not with the inverted orientation plasmid. No difference in recombination was detected between two isogenic cell lines that only differed in DNA mismatch repair capability. We conclude that this assay can detect differences in homologous recombination capacity in cultured cell lines and that these differences follow the patterns that would be expected from the different genotypes of these cell lines. Future application in normal cells may be useful to identify genetic determinants controlling genomic integrity or to detect differences in DNA repair capacity in individuals.

title: A novel host cell reactivation assay to assess homologous recombination capacity in XXXX @entity5 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic indicators for @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) offer realistic expectations for parents of affected @entity1 . @entity1188 affecting the basal ganglia are associated with a poor outcome. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the distribution of @entity1188 in @entity1 with @entity1906 on CT with an outcome score (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT brain scans in @entity1 with @entity1906 were retrospectively reviewed and the distribution of @entity1188 recorded. The degree of correlation with OS at 6 months was determined. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between all sites of @entity1188 (P = 0.0001-0.001), other than hemispheric (P = 0.35), and outcome score. There was also a statistically significant association between all types of @entity1188 (P = 0.0001-0.02), other than hemispheric (P = 0.05), and overall poor outcome. The odds ratio for poor outcome with bilateral basal ganglia and internal capsule @entity1188 was 12. The odds ratio for poor outcome with 'any @entity1188 ' was 4.91 (CI 2.24-10.74), with 'bilateral @entity1188 ' 8.50 (CI 2.49-28.59), with @entity1188 5.73 (CI 2.60-12.64), and for hemispheric @entity1188 2.30 (CI 1.00-5.28). CONCLUSION: @entity1188 is associated with a poor outcome unless purely hemispheric. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging was not part of this study, but is likely to play a central role in detecting @entity1188 not demonstrated by CT.

title: Distribution of brain infarction in @entity1 with XXXX and correlation with outcome score at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'basal ganglia infarction', 'Infarctions', 'infarction', 'Infarction']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Expression studies of the rare @entity36500 sequence variant of the @entity1 @entity11712 receptor in HEK293 cells demonstrated that @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity9251 had both three times higher binding affinity and agonist potency at the variant receptor than wild-type receptor. We examined whether in-vivo expression of the variant compared to the wild-type @entity815 / @entity815 genotype at codon 124 of the @entity11712 receptor in @entity1 temporal arteries modifies their agonist-induced contraction. METHODS: Rings of arteries, coexpressing @entity11712 and 5- @entity7601 receptors, from 98 @entity1 undergoing neurosurgery were set up to measure contraction. Blood sample genotyping was performed by PCR using a mutagenic primer which induces a NheI restriction site in the @entity2569 but not in the @entity815 allele. RESULTS: Three @entity1 exhibited the @entity2569 / @entity815 genotype, probably yielding coexpression of both the 124Phe and the 124Cys @entity11712 receptors. In 95 @entity815 / @entity815 @entity1 , exclusively the 124Phe receptor was expressed. The contractile potencies of @entity750 and sumatriptan were not significantly different in arteries from @entity2569 / @entity815 or @entity815 / @entity815 individuals. The @entity11712 receptor-selective antagonist @entity31190 was five-fold more potent in blocking the effects of @entity750 in arteries from three @entity2569 / @entity815 than from 30 @entity815 / @entity815 individuals (P < 0.03). The fraction of @entity750 effects via @entity11712 receptors, related to the total contractile amplitude via @entity11712 and 5- @entity7601 receptors, was enhanced from 0.42 +/- 0.03 in 88 @entity815 / @entity815 individuals to 0.75 +/- 0.10 in three @entity2569 / @entity815 individuals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the potency of @entity11712 receptor agonists does not differ between arteries from @entity815 / @entity815 and @entity2569 / @entity815 individuals, the contribution of @entity11712 receptors to the mediation of the effects of @entity750 is increased in @entity2569 / @entity815 individuals.

title: @entity750 -induced contraction of @entity1 temporal arteries coexpressing 5- @entity7601 receptors and wild-type or variant ( XXXX ) @entity11712 receptors: increased contribution of @entity11712 receptors to the total contractile amplitude in arteries from @entity36500 heterozygous individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity36500 :: ('p|SUB|F|124|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Phe124Cys']

answer: @entity36500 :: (p|SUB|F|124|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['Phe124Cys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity253 and @entity1448 are serious complications of many @entity409 . Although resident hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) are frequently implicated in disease progression, most studies fail to differentiate the contribution of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (iMNPs) that infiltrate the liver subsequent to obstruction. AIM: This study was undertaken to examine the roles and potential interactions of these two disparate mononuclear phagocyte populations in @entity99 attending @entity1448 . METHODS: Female, C57Bl/6 @entity19 were injected with magnetic beads on day 3 prior to sham operation or bile duct ligation (BDL) to facilitate subsequent Kupffer cell isolation. Three days post-surgery, animals were euthanized, and bead-containing Kupffer cells and iMNPs were separated, purified and analysed. To examine the ability of Kupffer cells to modulate iMNP activity, iMNPs were isolated from the livers of intact and Kupffer cell-depleted @entity19 on day 3 post-surgery and compared. RESULTS: Purified Kupffer cells and iMNP populations obtained from BDL @entity19 exhibited heterogeneous morphologies rendering them visually indistinguishable. iMNPs, however, were characterized by the increased expression of @entity19347 and @entity3804 and the elevated production of chemokines/cytokines characteristic of inflammatory cells. In the absence of Kupffer cells, iMNPs immigrating to the liver following BDL exhibited significant decreases in @entity3804 and @entity19347 expression, and in pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS: Kupffer cells and iMNPs exhibit disparate biological responses to @entity253 and @entity1448 . Kupffer cells play a key role in regulating iMNP influx and activity.

title: Contrasting responses of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes to @entity253 in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'Biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['cholestatic liver injury']


abstract: Antidepressants that block the reuptake of @entity1063 and/or @entity750 are among the first-line treatments for @entity9 , although the mechanisms underlying this analgesia remain unclear. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus is an essential element of both the ascending and descending pain modulator systems regulated by these antidepressants. Hence, we investigated the effect of analgesic antidepressants on locus coeruleus activity in @entity35 subjected to @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ), a model of @entity9 . In vivo extracellular recordings of locus coeruleus revealed that @entity8638 did not modify the basal tonic activity of this nucleus, although its sensory-evoked response to noxious stimuli was significantly altered. Under normal conditions, noxious stimulation evokes an early response, corresponding to the activation of myelinated A fibers, which is followed by an inhibitory period and a subsequent late @entity2951 -sensitive response, consistent with the activation of unmyelinated C fibers. @entity8638 provokes an enhanced excitatory early response in the animals and the loss of the late response. Antidepressant administration over 7 days ( @entity5829 , 10mg/kg/day or @entity4480 , 5mg/kg/day, delivered by osmotic minipumps) decreased the excitatory firing rate of the early response in the @entity8638 group. Moreover, in all animals, these antidepressants reduced the inhibitory period and augmented the late response. We propose that @entity1024 and alpha-2-adrenoceptors are involved in the analgesic effect of antidepressants. Antidepressant-mediated changes were correlated with behavioral effects indicative of analgesia in healthy and @entity1109 @entity35 .

title: Analgesic antidepressants promote the responsiveness of locus coeruleus neurons to noxious stimulation: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Confirmation of @entity507 -delayed parasite clearance in @entity3964 along the Thai-Myanmar border has inspired a global response to contain and monitor drug resistance to avert the disastrous consequences of a potential spread to Africa. However, resistance data from Myanmar are sparse, particularly from high-risk areas where limited health services and decades of displacement create conditions for resistance to spread. @entity4092 may represent an important reservoir for resistance genes that confer a fitness disadvantage relative to wild-type alleles. This study estimates the prevalence of resistance genotypes in three previously unstudied remote populations in Myanmar and tests the a priori hypothesis that resistance gene prevalence would be higher among isolates collected from subclinical infections than isolates collected from febrile clinical @entity1 . A systematic review of resistance studies is provided for context. METHODS: Community health workers in Karen and Kachin States and an area spanning the Indo-Myanmar border collected dried blood spots from 988 febrile clinical @entity1 and 4,591 villagers with @entity4092 participating in routine prevalence surveys. Samples positive for @entity3964 18 s ribosomal RNA by real-time PCR were genotyped for @entity3964 multidrug resistance protein (pfmdr1) copy number and the pfcrt @entity19306 polymorphism using multiplex real-time PCR. RESULTS: Pfmdr1 copy number increase and the pfcrt K76 polymorphism were determined for 173 and 269 isolates, respectively. Mean pfmdr1 copy number was 1.2 (range: 0.7 to 3.7). Pfmdr1 copy number increase was present in 17.5%, 9.6% and 11.1% of isolates from Karen and Kachin States and the Indo-Myanmar border, respectively. Pfmdr1 amplification was more prevalent in subclinical isolates (20.3%) than clinical isolates (6.4%, odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 - 12.5). Pfcrt @entity19306 prevalence ranged from 90-100%. CONCLUSIONS: Community health workers can contribute to molecular surveillance of drug resistance in remote areas of Myanmar. Marginal and displaced populations under-represented among previous resistance investigations can and should be included in resistance surveillance efforts, particularly once genetic markers of @entity507 -delayed parasite clearance are identified. @entity4092 may contribute to the epidemiology of drug resistance, but determination of gene amplification from desiccated filter samples requires further validation when DNA concentration is low.

title: Molecular surveillance for drug-resistant XXXX in clinical and subclinical populations from three border regions of Burma/Myanmar: cross-sectional data and a systematic review of resistance studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19306 :: ('p|SUB|K|76|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K76T']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['Subclinical infections', 'subclinical infection']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Chronic exposure to inorganic @entity3494 , a widely distributed environmental contaminant, can lead to toxic effects, including immunosuppression. Owing to the established roles of @entity1 macrophages in immune defense, we determined, in the present study, whether inorganic @entity3494 can affect these major immune cells. Our results demonstrate that noncytotoxic concentrations of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ), an inorganic trivalent form, markedly impair differentiated features of @entity1 blood monocyte-derived macrophages. First, treatment of macrophages with 1 microM @entity9188 induced a rapid cell rounding and a subsequent loss of adhesion. These morphologic alterations were associated with a marked reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, which includes retraction of peripheral actin extensions and formation of a cortical actin ring. In addition, @entity9188 reduced expression of various macrophagic surface markers, enhanced that of the monocytic marker @entity5750 , and altered both endocytosis and phagocytosis; unexpectedly, exposure of macrophages to the metalloid also strongly potentiated expression of @entity310 and @entity687 induced by @entity558 . Finally, like monocytes, @entity9188 -treated macrophages can be differentiated into dendritic-like cells. Impairment of macrophage function by @entity9188 mainly resulted from activation of a @entity3547 /Rho-associated kinase pathway; indeed, pretreatment of macrophages with the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor @entity12223 prevented metalloid effects on cytoskeleton and phagocytosis. Moreover, @entity9188 was found to increase level of the active @entity3007 -bound form of @entity3547 and that of phosphorylated- @entity20037 , a major cytoskeleton adaptor protein involved in @entity3547 regulation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that @entity1 macrophages constitute sensitive targets of inorganic @entity3494 , which may contribute to immunotoxicity of this environmental contaminant.

title: XXXX macrophages constitute targets for immunotoxic inorganic @entity3494 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: MicroRNAs are endogenous small RNAs with a high degree of conservation, participating in a variety of vital activities. In present study, to explore the effect of microRNAs on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and @entity1254 expression, the adipo-related microRNAs were screened and identified by micorRNA microarray. The highly expression plasmid of microRNA-21 with obvious expression up-regulation ( @entity10017 ) and its anti-sense ( @entity10017 inhibitor) were constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The effect of @entity10017 on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was observed, and the protein and mRNA expression level of @entity1254 and @entity11346 were analyzed. Results showed that, the expression profiles of microRNAs significantly changed during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. The expression of @entity10017 was obviously up-regulated. @entity10017 could significantly promote adipocyte differentiation, increase @entity1254 mRNA and protein expression, while decrease @entity11346 protein level. Meanwhil, @entity10017 inhibitor blocked the effects of @entity10017 mentioned above. The overexpression of @entity11346 could absolutely reverse the stimulatory effect of @entity10017 on @entity1254 . @entity10017 plays an important role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and @entity1254 expression by inhibiting @entity11346 expression.

title: Role of microRNA-21 in regulating 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and XXXX expression.

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: The whole-cell patch-electrode technique of Fenwick, Marty _ Neher (1982) has been applied to single suspension-cultured @entity19 fibroblasts. Seals in the range of 10-50 G omega were obtained without special cleaning of the cell membranes. Rupture of the membrane patch inside the electrode was accompanied by a shift of measured potential into the range -10 to -25 mV, but in most cases with little change in the recorded resistance. The latter fact implied that the absolute resistance of the cell membrane must be in the same range as the seal resistance and the recorded potential is a poor measure of actual cell membrane potential. Steady-state current-voltage curves (range -160 mV to +80 mV) were generated before and after @entity397 of the membrane patch, and the difference between these gave (zero-current) membrane potentials of -50 to -75 mV, which represents a leak-corrected estimate of the true cell-membrane potential. The associated slope conductivity of the cell membrane was 5-15 microS/cm2 (assumed smooth-sphere geometry, cells 13-15 microns in diameter) and was K+-dominated. With 0.1 mM (or more) free @entity141 filling the patch electrode, membrane potentials in the range -60 to -85 mV were observed following patch @entity397 , with associated slope conductivities of 200-400 microS/cm2, also K+-dominated. Similar voltages and conductivities were observed at the peak of pulse-induced 'hyperpolarizing activation' (Nelson, Peacock, _ Minna, 1972), and the two phenomena probably reflect the behaviour of @entity141 -activated K+ channels. Both the pulse-induced conductance and the @entity141 -activated conductance spontaneously decayed, the latter over periods of 5-15 min following patch @entity397 . @entity15410 , @entity8594 , and @entity515 could also activate the putative K+ channels, but only Sr2+ really mimicked @entity141 . @entity515 and @entity8594 activated with a delay of several minutes following patch @entity397 , and deactivated quickly with a small decrease of conductance and a large decrease of membrane potential. Evidently, @entity515 and @entity8594 affect channel specificity as well as channel opening and closing kinetics.

title: Membrane voltage, resistance, and channel switching in isolated XXXX fibroblasts (L cells): a patch-electrode analysis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity788 is the main indication for surgery and the principal determinant of prognosis in @entity656 . Previous studies on the effects of antibiotics have not, however, uniformly demonstrated any reduction in the need for surgery or any decrease in mortality among these @entity1 , although the incidence of @entity788 was significantly reduced. This single-center randomized study was designed to compare early vs. delayed @entity2892 treatment for @entity656 . Ninety @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity1851 > 150 mg/L, @entity39 on CT) were randomized within 48 hours either to a group receiving @entity2892 (1.0 g plus @entity9234 intravenously 3 times a day) or a control group. Not included were those who had been started on antibiotics at the referring clinic, those who were taken directly to the intensive care unit for @entity177 , and those who refused antibiotics or might have had adverse reactions. Thirty-two @entity1 were excluded because they were over 70 years of age (not potentionally operable) or for any study violation. There were 25 @entity1 in the @entity2892 group and 33 @entity1 in the control group. The main end point was the indication for necrosectomy due to @entity281 (i.e., after the initial increase and decrease, there was a second continuous increase in temperature, white blood cell count [> 30%] and @entity1851 [> 30%], with other infections ruled out, or bacteria were found on Gram stain of the pancreatic fine-needle aspirate). In the control group, @entity2892 was started when the operative indication was fulfilled. Conservative treatment was continued for at least 5 days before necrosectomy. The study groups did not differ from each other with regard to sex distribution, @entity1 age, etiology, @entity1851 concentration, and extent of @entity39 on CT. Two (8%) of 25 @entity1 in the @entity2892 group compared to 14 (42%) of 33 in the control group fulfilled the operative indications (P = 0.003). Nine @entity1 in the control group responded to delayed antibiotics but five had to undergo surgery. Of those receiving antibiotics, 2 (8%) of 25 in the early antibiotic ( @entity2892 ) group needed surgery compared to 5 (36%) of 14 in the delayed antibiotic (control) group (P = 0.04). Two (8%) of 25 @entity1 in the @entity2892 group and 5 (15%) of 13 @entity1 in the control group died (P = NS [no significant difference]). Seven (28%) of 25 in the @entity2892 group and 25 (76%) of 33 in the control group had major organ complications (P = 0.0003). Based on the preceding criteria, early @entity2892 - @entity9234 therapy appears to significantly reduce the need for surgery and the overall number of major organ complications in @entity656 , and reduces by half the mortality rate; this is not, however, statistically significant in a series of this size.

title: Early treatment with antibiotics reduces the need for surgery in XXXX --a single-center randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic infection', 'pancreatic infections']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: Effects of treatment with @entity12292 ( @entity12292 ), a @entity460 entry blocker, on @entity528 were investigated. Monkeys were subjected to temporary occlusion of eight (bilateral common carotid, internal and external carotid, and vertebral arteries) major arteries. Blood flow was restored after 5, 10, 13, and 15 min occlusion, and @entity12292 (1 mg/kg) was then immediately infused intravenously. Monkeys were killed by perfusion fixation 5 days after occlusion. All brain regions were then histologically investigated for @entity63 neuronal changes. Physiological data of @entity12292 -treated subjects were not significantly different than those of untreated subjects. Heart rate tended to decrease after @entity63 in treated subjects. Occlusion of 8 arteries for 10 to 15 min produced @entity528 confined exclusively to the @entity1399 subfield of the hippocampus. Treatment with @entity12292 markedly reduced @entity528 in the @entity1399 subfield of the hippocampus. It is suggested that postischemic treatment with the @entity460 entry blocker, @entity12292 , might protect the brain from the @entity2806 produced in @entity1 suffering from transient @entity63 .

title: XXXX entry blocker ameliorates @entity528 in monkey hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12292 :: ('MESH:C050134', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- diphenylmethylpiperazinyl)ethanol dihydrochloride', 'NC-1100']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal damage']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if the concordance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopic data with histologic measures of @entity1560 is affected by histologic magnification level, tissue heterogeneity, or assessment of tissue area versus that of hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained. In- and out-of-phase MR imaging and MR spectroscopic measures of @entity1560 were compared in 33 @entity1 with @entity1561 and in 15 healthy volunteers. Concordance of MR imaging and MR spectroscopic data with histologic findings was assessed for (a) histologic examination at standard ( 40 and  100) versus high magnification ( 200 and  400), (b) heterogeneity and homogeneity of livers, and (c) percentage of tissue and hepatocytes that contained lipids. Evaluations included linear regression and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: In- and out-of-phase MR imaging and MR spectroscopic data were well correlated (R2=0.93) and generally concordant with histologic measures. @entity1 in whom MR fat fractions were higher than expected compared with @entity1560 grades at standard magnification histologic examination were upgraded significantly more often when high magnification was used than were the remaining @entity1 (100% [10 of 10] vs 47% [7 of 15], P<.01). MR imaging and MR spectroscopic data of homogeneous livers were significantly more likely than those of heterogeneous livers to be concordant with @entity1560 grades when high magnification was used (81% [13 of 16] vs 47% [8 of 17], P<.05). For all @entity1 , percentage of fat in tissue was lower than that in hepatocytes, which affected individual @entity1 , but not the overall correlation. CONCLUSION: MR imaging and MR spectroscopic data were generally concordant with histologic measures of @entity1560 . Discordance between them may reflect differences in magnification at histologic examination and in liver heterogeneity.

title: XXXX : concordance of MR imaging and MR spectroscopic data with histologic grade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['Liver steatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Dual inhibition of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) demonstrated initial promise in clinical trials. This phase II study tested the efficacy and safety of @entity416 , @entity901 , and cetuximab with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment for metastatic @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity416 850 mg/m2 PO twice daily for 14 days, @entity901 130 mg/ m2 IV day 1, and cetuximab 400 mg/m2 IV loading dose followed by 250 mg/m2 IV days 1, 8, and 15 with (arm A) or without (Arm B) bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg IV day 1 every 21 days. Tumor samples were collected and retrospectively analyzed for @entity984 mutation status. The primary endpoint was response rate, with @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and overall survival (OS) as secondary objectives. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (12 in arm A, 11 in arm B) were enrolled onto the study. Median follow-up was 25.9 months. Both treatments were well tolerated, with expected higher rates of grade 1/2 @entity101 and @entity548 in arm A. The overall response rate was 54% (36.4% in arm A and 72.7% in arm B). Median @entity1054 was 8.7 months in arm A and 14.4 months in arm B. The median survival was 18.0 months in arm A and 42.5 months in arm B. The study was prematurely terminated after other studies reported inferior outcomes with dual antibody therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although terminated early, the study supports the detrimental effect of combining @entity7 and @entity470 inhibition in metastatic @entity14 .

title: A phase II study of @entity416 , @entity901 , and cetuximab with or without bevacizumab as frontline therapy for metastatic XXXX . A Fox Chase extramural research study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate an inpatient geriatric @entity130 consultation service (GTCS). BACKGROUND: Delays in recognizing the special needs of older @entity130 @entity1 may result in suboptimal care. The GTCS is a proactive geriatric consultation model aimed at preventing and managing age-specific complications and discharge planning for all @entity1 60 years or older admitted to the St Michael's @entity130 Service. METHODS: This was a before and after case series of @entity1 admitted pre-GTCS (March 2005-August 2007) and post-GTCS (September 2007-March 2010). Study data were derived from a review of the medical records and from the St Michael's Hospital @entity130 registry. Abstracted data included demographics, type of geriatric issues addressed, rate of adherence to recommendations made by the GTCS, geriatric-specific clinical outcomes, @entity130 quality indicators, consultation requests, and discharge destinations. RESULTS: A total of 238 pre-GTCS @entity1 and 248 post-GTCS @entity1 were identified. The rate of adherence to recommendations made by the GTCS team was 93.2%. There were fewer consultation requests made to Internal Medicine and Psychiatry in the post-GTCS group (N = 31 vs N = 18, P = 0.04; and N = 33 vs N = 18, P = 0.02; respectively). There were no differences in any of the prespecified complications except @entity933 (50.5% pre-GTCS vs 40.9% post- GTCS, P = 0.05). Among @entity1 admitted from home, fewer were discharged to long-term care facilities among the post-GTCS group (6.5% pre-GTCS vs 1.7% post-GTCS, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A proactive geriatric consultation model for elderly @entity130 @entity1 may decrease @entity933 and discharges to long-term care facilities. Future studies should include a multicenter randomized trial of this model of care.

title: An evaluation of a proactive geriatric XXXX consultation service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Hospital Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Background and purpose - Arthroscopic estimation of articular cartilage thickness is important for scoring of lesion severity, and measurement of cartilage speed of sound (SOS)-a sensitive index of changes in cartilage composition. We investigated the accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in measurements of cartilage thickness and determined SOS by combining OCT thickness and ultrasound (US) @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) measurements. Material and methods - Cartilage thickness measurements from OCT and microscopy images of 94 @entity1641 osteochondral samples were compared. Then, SOS in cartilage was determined using simultaneous OCT thickness and US @entity1054 measurements. SOS was then compared with the compositional, structural, and mechanical properties of cartilage. Results - Measurements of non-calcified cartilage thickness using OCT and microscopy were significantly correlated (   = 0.92; p < 0.001). With calcified cartilage included, the correlation was    = 0.85 (p < 0.001). The mean cartilage SOS (1,636 m/s) was in agreement with the literature. However, SOS and the other properties of cartilage lacked any statistically significant correlation. Interpretation - OCT can give an accurate measurement of articular cartilage thickness. Although SOS measurements lacked accuracy in thin @entity1641 cartilage, the concept of SOS measurement using OCT appears promising.

title: Optical coherence tomography enables accurate measurement of XXXX cartilage thickness for determination of speed of sound.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'time-of-flight']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Electrical stimulation of the midbrain is known to influence blood pressure in animals. In @entity1 , it is used for the treatment of chronic @entity9 . Our aim was to assess whether @entity551 can be successfully treated with deep brain stimulation of the periventricular/periaqueductal gray areas in @entity1 . METHODS: We recruited 11 @entity1 who had chronic @entity9 and who had undergone implantation of a deep brain stimulator in the periventricular/periaqueductal gray areas. @entity1 were divided into three groups depending on whether they had @entity551 (one @entity1 ), mild orthostatic intolerance (five @entity1 ), or no orthostatic intolerance (five @entity1 ). Postoperatively, we continuously recorded blood pressure and heart rate with stimulation off and on and in both sitting and standing positions. From these values, we derived the blood pressure changing rate. Using autoregressive modeling techniques, we calculated changes in low- and high-frequency power spectra of heart rate and baroreflex sensitivity. RESULTS: Electrical stimulation reduced the decrease in systolic blood pressure on standing from 28.2 to 11.1% in one @entity1 with @entity551 (P < 0.001). In the mild orthostatic intolerance group, an initial drop in systolic blood pressure of 15.4% was completely reversed (P < 0.001). There were no side effects in the remaining group. These changes were accompanied by @entity101 changing rate, the baroreflex sensitivity, and the baseline (sitting) low-frequency power of the RR interval, but not the high-frequency power. CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation of the @entity1 periventricular/periaqueductal gray areas can reverse @entity551 . The cause seems to be an increase in sympathetic outflow and in baroreflex sensitivity. This has important implications for future therapies.

title: Controlling the heart via the brain: a potential new therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in the blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['orthostatic hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the QuickDASH as a @entity1 -reported outcome measure for assessing @entity717 in @entity0 survivors. DESIGN: Large cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Ambulatory care center at a university hospital. @entity1 : Postmenopausal @entity1 (N=150) with stage I to III hormone receptor-positive @entity0 currently taking a third-generation aromatase inhibitor. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: QuickDASH, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire, assesses global arm function over the past 7 days. RESULTS: Of 150 surveys, 148 (99%) were scorable. The factor analysis demonstrated 1 factor with an eigenvalue of 6.7, which explains 61% of variance. The score was reliable with a Cronbach alpha of .93. The test-retest reliability was .78 over 2 weeks. The mean QuickDASH score    SD for all @entity1 was 19  19. Those with upper @entity4841 reported higher QuickDASH scores than controls without @entity158 (26 vs 12, P=.001). Those with frozen shoulder @entity158 also reported higher QuickDASH scores than controls without @entity158 (37 vs 15, P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: The QuickDASH instrument is a convenient, reliable, and valid @entity1 -reported outcome measure to assess @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Validation of QuickDASH outcome measure in @entity0 survivors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['extremity arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['upper extremity disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff repair surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the world but limited literature exists for guidance of optimal management of post-operative arthrofibrosis following cuff repair. The purpose of this study is to report the results of arthroscopic capsular release, lysis of adhesions, manipulation under anesthesia, and aggressive physical therapy in @entity1 with recalcitrant postoperative @entity2693 after rotator cuff repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 who had recalcitrant arthrofibrosis following either an arthroscopic (62%), open (28%), or mini-open (10%) rotator cuff repair were included in study. The average age at the time of index cuff repair surgery was 49.8 years (range 24-70 years). Sixteen @entity1 (55%) were involved in worker's compensation claims. The mean time from the date of index operation to lysis of adhesions was 9.7 months (range 4.2-36.2 months), and the mean time from lysis of adhesion to most recent follow-up 18.2 months (range 4.1-43.7 months). Post-operative evaluation was performed using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Visual Analog Score (VAS), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) on 18 (62%), while range of motion (ROM), dynamometer strength testing, and Constant-Murley Scoring were performed on 13 (45%). Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's t-test. RESULTS: Prior to arthroscopic lysis of adhesions, mean forward active elevation (FE) was 103.8  , (range 60-145   (SD 26.3) and external rotation at the side (ERS) was 25.3  , (range 5-70   SD 15.1  ). Post-operatively, at the most recent follow-up, FE was significantly improved to 158.3  , (range 110-180   SD 22.3  ), and ERS improved to 58.9  , (range 15-90   SD 18.6  ) in both cases. Involvement in a worker's compensation claim resulted in a lower ASES, VAS, and SANE score, but there was no statistically significant difference in motion. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic capsular release, lysis of adhesions, and manipulation under anesthesia is a safe, reliable method of treating persistent @entity2693 following rotator cuff repair.

title: Arthroscopic management of recalcitrant XXXX following rotator cuff repair: A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: PURPOSE: We characterized tear protein markers in @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). METHODS: In this prospective study, based on the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and corneal staining (CS), 95 @entity2194 @entity1 (OSDI >= 13) with increasing CS were enrolled into 3 severity groups: DE1 (CS <4), DE2 (CS 4-7), and DE3 (CS >7), while 25 asymptomatic subjects with no CS were enrolled into the control group (OSDI <13 and CS = 0). Tear fluid was collected at day 0 and day 7 visits, and concentrations of 43 protein markers were measured by multiplexed immunoassay. RESULTS: We analyzed 22 control and 80 @entity2194 subjects. Among 33 markers detectable, good inter-visit repeatability was observed with 25 markers, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.85-0.60; ICCs were <0.60 in the other 8. Correlation with clinical measures was found with two markers, with absolute partial correlation coefficients >0.40: @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity687 . @entity1193 and @entity687 correlated with conjunctival staining (0.43, P < 0.001 and 0.35, P < 0.01, respectively), and with Schirmer test (-0.58 and -0.42, P < 0.001). @entity1193 and @entity687 in DE3 were 4.4- and 2.1-fold higher than in DE1 (P = 0.0001 and 0.0007), and 1.9- and 1.6-fold higher than in DE2 (P = 0.022 and 0.017). @entity1193 in DE2 was 2.3-fold higher than in DE1 (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Tear levels of many immune mediators were highly repeatable between visits in @entity2194 . Among them, @entity1193 and @entity687 were associated with clinical signs and disease severity defined by corneal staining.

title: Evaluations of tear protein markers in XXXX : repeatability of measurement and correlation with disease.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease', 'DED']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist', 'IL-1Ra']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['dry eye disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Knowledge of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors in young @entity1 who experienced @entity583 (MI) is poorly described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Knowledge of traditional @entity65 risk factors, non-fatal cardiovascular events and of non-pharmacological factors able to reduce @entity65 risk and education level were evaluated by questionnaires in subjects who visited their family doctors. Sixty-one @entity1 with history of MI in age <50 years (MI+) were compared with 3749 subjects with age <50 years, from the same population source, but without history of MI (MI-). MI+ were more frequently @entity1 (p<0.01), did not have significantly higher prevalences of family history of @entity65 , @entity6 and @entity101 . MI+ individuals reported previous non-fatal @entity64 (13% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001), overweight, @entity6 , and @entity1007 (all p<0.001) more frequently than controls, whereas prevalence of @entity101 , smoking habit and physical inactivity did not differ between the two groups; MI+ and MI- individuals did not differ in terms of the proportion of those who were unaware of being @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity753 . MI+ @entity1 reported more frequently lower education level than controls (p<0.05). Knowledge of non-pharmacological approach for @entity65 risk reduction was similar in MI+ and MI-. In a logistic multivariate analysis, male gender (adjusted odds ratio=5.8) and high @entity165 level (adjusted odds ratio 2.8, both p<0.01) were independent correlates of MI+. @entity65 risk factors distribution was similar between @entity1 with juvenile MI+ and MI in age >or=50 years (n=167) extracted from the same population source; however, @entity64 was reported more frequently in juvenile MI+ than in those who had MI at age >or=50 years/old (13% vs. 4%, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile non-fatal MI was associated with metabolic @entity65 risk factors, with higher cerebrovascular co-morbidity and lower education level.

title: Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and awareness of non-pharmacological approach for risk prevention in young survivors of acute XXXX . The cardiovascular risk prevention project "Help Your Heart Stay Young".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']