abstract: @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) has been proposed as a biochemical marker of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). The present study focused on the implications of @entity7245 and @entity1759 interaction in the proliferation and invasiveness of @entity3620 . The proliferation and invasive activity was evaluated in two @entity1 @entity2615 cell lines, ACC-MESO-1 and @entity45194 , by the @entity2454 assay and the transwell chamber model. The knockdown of @entity1759 gene expression was accomplished by transfection of the cells with small interfering RNA. Flow cytometry revealed that both the ACC-MESO-1 and K921MSO cell lines highly expressed @entity1759 . Treatment with @entity7245 enhanced the proliferation in both @entity2615 cell lines in comparison to cells without @entity7245 treatment. The treatment with @entity7245 (25  g/ml) also significantly upregulated the invasion of both types of cells. The silencing of @entity1759 significantly abrogated the effect of @entity7245 treatment on the proliferation of ACC-MESO-1 cells and significantly suppressed the proliferation of K921MSO cells. @entity7245 - @entity1759 binding is important for the migration and proliferation of @entity2615 cells. Therefore, the @entity7245 - @entity1759 interaction is a potentially useful therapeutic target in @entity3620 .

title: Effects of hyaluronic acid and XXXX interaction on the proliferation and invasiveness of @entity3620 .

entities_list: @entity45194 :: ('p|SUB|K|921|MSO', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K921MSO']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2915 is an unusual alteration in praxic function due to a @entity75 which is contralateral to that which would be expected. We report a case of crossed @entity1742 due to a right parietal lesion in a left handed @entity1 who had been obliged to be right handed. We discuss the peculiar neuropsychological profile and possible relation of this to left handedness. CLINICAL CASE: A 75 year old @entity1 , left handed but obliged to use the right hand, suffered an acute episode of alteration in the management of utensils (lids, taps, medicine containers), although he maintained his usual social behaviour and orientation. On neurosomatic examination no focal deficits were observed. On MMST he scored 29/30, on the Edinburgh questionnaire he scored 35 (left handed dominance). On a Barcelona PIENC battery his scores were in the pathological range for subtests on understanding orders, carrying out symbolic gestures and imitating gestures, in perceiving super imposed images and visual memory. MRI showed a right parietal laminar @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 showed clear bilateral ideo motor @entity1742 , which could not be justified/explained by visuo spatial @entity1054 secondary to a right parietal @entity75 . It is usually considered that ideatory and @entity8378 are due to left hemisphere lesions, whilst contsructive @entity1742 and @entity1742 related to dress are due to right hemisphere lesions. In this case, there was @entity8378 secondary to a right parietal lesion, that is to say a crossed @entity8378 , without crossing of other neuropsychological functions. This supports the theory of independence of hemisphere dominance for different cognitive functions. The frustrated left handedness of the @entity1 might be related to the greater probability of unusual hemisphere dominance for ideomotor praxis function in this particular case.

title: [ XXXX secondary to a right parietal @entity1188 ].

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['ideomotor apraxias', 'ideomotor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesion', 'cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Crossed apraxia']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['Crossed apraxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26825 ( @entity26825 ) are deposits due to @entity209 and degeneration. Studies so far have focused on adults. Our aim was to study the effect of @entity26825 on visual function as well as optic nerve head structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects younger than 18 years of age with @entity26825 and who had a reliable @entity227 in at least one eye due to @entity26825 were considered for inclusion. All subjects underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), funduscopy, and SITA 24-2 standard automated perimetry. OCT scanning was performed using Cirrus- @entity2033 Model 4000. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness data were compared with a group of age-matched healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were included, with a mean age of 13 years (range 7 to 17 years). BCVA was 1.0 in all eyes, except in a @entity1 with concomitant @entity5971 . @entity26825 were bilateral in 13 @entity1 . Among the 28 eyes with @entity26825 , 12 (43%) were classified as type 1 (buried), eight (29%) as type 2 (ringed) and eight (29%) as type 3 (superficial). All @entity1 had a @entity227 in at least one eye, according to the inclusion criteria; however, two eyes (7%) had no defect in spite of the presence of @entity26825 . Five eyes showed an isolated enlarged blind spot (18%), 15 cases showed a nasal defect (54%), and six eyes showed a constricted visual field (21%). RNFL thickness was higher in type 1 and 2 @entity26825 than in the control group, although these differences were only significant for the average, superior, and inferior quadrant thicknesses in type 1 and the inferior quadrant in type 2. RNFL thickness was lower in type 3 @entity26825 than in the control group, although these differences were only significant for the average, superior, and nasal quadrant thicknesses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26825 may lead to the development of @entity227 , even in @entity1 . In initial stages, @entity26825 produce an increase in RNFL thickness as measured with OCT. As drusen develop and become superficial, the RNFL thickness decreases. The temporal quadrant is often undamaged, probably reflecting the preservation of central visual acuity.

title: XXXX due to optic disk drusen in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity26825 :: ('MESH:D015594', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve head drusen', 'ONHD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in axonal metabolism']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual field defects']


abstract: Our previous immunohistochemical study on @entity1126 showed that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with a poor outcome expressed @entity2355 mucin but was negative for @entity5091 mucin, whereas @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) with a favorable outcome was @entity2355 negative and @entity5091 positive. In the present study, @entity3 was further subdivided into 2 subtypes: @entity851 ( @entity3 ) and mass forming type ( @entity3 -M). The survival of @entity1 with @entity1157 or @entity3 is significantly better than that of @entity1 with @entity3 -M. We examined these subtypes ( @entity3 and @entity3 -M) and @entity1157 for their expression of @entity2355 mucins of different glycoforms. @entity3 -M showed significantly higher @entity2355 expression rates (90%, 95%, and 85% positive rates as measured with the DF3, MY.1E12, and @entity2355 -Glycoprotein antibodies, respectively) than @entity1157 and @entity3 (14% and 33%, 58% and 58%, and 0% and 50% positive respectively, as measured by the same antibodies). In contrast, @entity1157 (86% positive) and @entity3 (67% positive) showed significantly higher @entity5091 expression rates than @entity3 -M (25% positive) as measured with the anti-MRP antibody. Thus, the immunohistochemical staining pattern of @entity3 resembled the pattern of @entity1157 more than they resembled @entity3 -M. In general, @entity2355 expression is associated with poor @entity1 outcome, irrespective of the glycosylation status. In particular, high expression of more sialylated forms of @entity2355 mucins was correlated with poor survival. In contrast, expression of non-sialylated @entity5091 mucin is a favorable prognostic indicator. These results suggest that @entity3 is a different entity from @entity3 -M. This reclassification may have value in determining prognosis and treatment method.

title: Expression of XXXX and @entity5091 mucin antigens in @entity1126 : its relationship with a new morphological classification of cholangiocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal growth type and/or periductal infiltrating type']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cystadenocarcinoma', 'BDCC']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic bile duct tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cholangiocarcinoma', 'ICC-IP', 'ICC']

answer: @entity2355 :: (4582,Gene) :: ['MUC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity1205 when administered concomitantly with radical hyperfractionated radiotherapy and @entity900 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity5 received radical radiotherapy of 74.4 Gy given in two daily fractions of 1.2 Gy for 6 weeks. @entity900 was given once weekly on day 1 at a constant dose of 15 mg/m2. The starting dose of @entity1205 was 10 mg/m2 once weekly on day 3, with planned escalation steps of 5 mg/m2. Main endpoints of the study were the maximum tolerated dose of @entity1205 , acute @entity137 , and the preliminary efficacy results. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Median follow-up was 15 months (range: 4-40 months). Two of three @entity1 presented with dose-limiting @entity137 at the 15-mg/m2 dose of @entity1205 (one @entity1 presented with multiple grade 3-4 @entity137 requiring hospitalization for management and another presented with multiple @entity137 including life-threatening bronchoaspiration). Thus, the weekly @entity1205 dose of 10 mg/m2 was considered the maximum tolerated dose. Nineteen @entity1 were then treated with the maximum tolerated dose and no dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. Radiotherapy was completed in all @entity1 except one (median dose: 74.4; range: 73.2-74.4), and at least 80% of the scheduled @entity900 and @entity1205 doses were given in 92% of the @entity1 . Acute @entity137 were dominated by grade 3 @entity33 (92%) and grade 3-4 @entity1282 (68%). The 2.5 year actuarial local control rate was 87.5%, and the disease-free survival rate was 75%. At the time of last follow-up, 23 @entity1 were alive and two had died from @entity5 . No distant metastases were observed. DISCUSSION: In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 , this study determined the maximum tolerated dose of @entity1205 to be 10 mg/m2 administered once weekly when given concurrently with 74.4 Gy hyperfractionated radiotherapy and a weekly 15-mg/m2 dose of @entity900 . The @entity137 profile and the encouraging results suggest that this new combination merits further investigation in a multi-institutional phase II trial.

title: Phase I trial of concomitant hyperfractionated radiotherapy with @entity1205 and @entity900 for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: @entity8 is a common cause of @entity1985 in adults. Although some @entity1 with @entity8 achieve a spontaneous remission, renal function continues to deteriorate in others. We conducted a prospective randomized trial evaluating monotherapy with @entity1140 to achieve complete or partial remission in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8 . Twenty-five @entity1 received @entity1140 (0.05 mg/kg/day) over 12 months with a 6-month taper, whereas 23 @entity1 were in the control group. The probability of remission in the treatment group was 58, 82, and 94% after 6, 12, and 18 months but only 10, 24, and 35%, respectively in the control group. The decrease in @entity644 was significantly greater in the treatment group. Notably, six @entity1 in the control group and only one in the treatment group reached the secondary end point of a 50% increase in their serum @entity1011 . No @entity1 in the @entity1140 group showed a relapse during the taper period. @entity1985 reappeared in almost half of the @entity1 who were in remission by the 18th month after @entity1140 withdrawal. We conclude that @entity1140 is a very useful therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity8 and preserved renal function. The majority of @entity1 experienced remission with a significant reduction in the risk for deteriorating renal function.

title: @entity1140 monotherapy in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: The megencephaly @entity19 show dramatic progressive increase in brain size and @entity410 . The overgrowth affects primarily the hippocampus and ventral cortex. The phenotype originates from a mutation in the Shaker-like voltage-gated @entity972 channel @entity15530 brain, which results in a malfunctioning protein. A key question in elucidating the mechanism behind the unique brain overgrowth is whether it is caused by an increase in cell number. By applying stereological techniques, we found that the number of both neurons and astrocytes, as well as structure volume, was increased approximately two-fold within dentate gyrus (DG), @entity44898 , and hilus of 12-week-old mceph/mceph versus wild type @entity19 . In @entity4778 , there was a tendency toward an increase in volume and in number of astrocytes. The volume estimates in newborn and @entity27264 @entity19 suggest that the overgrowth in mceph/mceph hippocampus starts between birth and the second week of life. To investigate the @entity1373 , cell proliferation was studied within the subgranular zone of the DG using @entity1603 and @entity14160 . There was a three-fold increase in proliferation in mceph/mceph @entity19 compared to wild type @entity19 at an age before onset of @entity302 (3 weeks), and these new mceph/mceph neurons showed increased migration and had a 6-week survival rate as the new neurons in wild type DG. Also when @entity410 were frequent in mceph/mceph (9 weeks old), the proliferation rate was three-fold higher than in wild type. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in hippocampus was lower in mceph/mceph supporting additional overgrowth mechanism than induced by @entity410 . In conclusion, lack of a functional @entity15530 ion channel subunit in the mceph/mceph @entity19 causes a unique @entity528 in distinct hippocampal regions and consequently hippocampal enlargement from 2 to 3 weeks of age. This phenotype is a result, at least in DG, from increased proliferation, neurogenesis, and enhanced general hippocampal cell survival.

title: Lack of XXXX channel induces proliferation and survival causing increased neurogenesis and two-fold hippocampus enlargement.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The massive @entity353 @entity1 may require a circumferential contouring of the lower trunk. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the complication rates and explore the possibility of predictive risk factors for complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review using the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify published articles on the topic. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were conducted to synthesize the data gathered. RESULTS: The analysis included 28 studies and 1380 @entity1 . All but one were retrospective cohorts or case studies. Circumferential contouring of the lower trunk resulted in 37% [95%-CI 30%; 44%] overall complications; 17% [95%-CI 12%; 24%] wound dehiscences; 4% [95%-CI 3%; 5%] skin @entity39 ; 5% [95%-CI 3%; 9%] infections; 3% [95%-CI 2%; 4%] @entity1410 ; 13% [95%-CI 9%; 18%] @entity2080 ; 12% [95%-CI 7%; 21%] scar irregularities; 3% [95%-CI 2%; 5%] @entity1031 ; and 5% [95%-CI 3%; 8%] revisions for complications. Lower body lift-related techniques were associated with a higher rate of overall complications than belt lipectomy-related techniques (P = .002). No difference in complication rate was shown when performing a gluteal augmentation with flap. Due to insufficient data reported in the studies, risk factors for @entity260 could not be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The whole literature provides very low reliable information. @entity911 factors could not be ruled out to explain the increased complications rate for the lower body lift compared to the belt lipectomy. This finding needs to be confirmed in randomized trials. Collaborative efforts must be made to improve the evidence level of our practices and to serve @entity1 in an optimal way. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Therapeutic.

title: Are There Factors Predictive of XXXX in Circumferential Contouring of the Lower Trunk? A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are sensitive to environmental stressors, including @entity286 smoke. On the other hand, miRNAs are involved in immune regulation, such as regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between prenatal @entity286 smoke exposure, miRNAs, and Treg cell numbers. METHODS: Within a prospective mother- @entity1 study (Lifestyle and Environmental Factors and Their Influence on Newborns Allergy Risk), we analyzed the expression of @entity10015 and @entity10019 together with Treg cell numbers in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in cord blood (n = 441). @entity286 smoke exposure was assessed based on questionnaire answers and maternal urine cotinine levels. Additionally, the concentration of smoking-related volatile organic compounds was measured in dwellings of study @entity1 . RESULTS: Both maternal and cord blood @entity10019 expressions were positively correlated with maternal urine @entity4874 levels. An association was also found between maternal @entity10019 expression and indoor concentrations of @entity7935 and @entity8336 . High @entity10019 expression was associated with lower Treg cell numbers in maternal and cord blood. Furthermore, @entity1 with lower Treg cell numbers at birth had a higher risk of @entity483 during the first 3 years of life. The concentration of the @entity8336 metabolite @entity46757 in maternal urine was associated with decreased cord blood, but not maternal blood, @entity10015 expression. A relationship between @entity10015 expression and Treg cell numbers was not found. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we show that maternal @entity286 smoke exposure during pregnancy correlates with the level of miRNA-223 expression in blood, with an effect on @entity1 's cord blood Treg cell numbers and subsequent @entity566 risk.

title: Maternal and cord blood @entity10019 expression associates with prenatal XXXX smoke exposure and low regulatory T-cell numbers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity46757 :: ('MESH:C029319', 'Chemical') :: ['S-benzylmercapturic acid']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: This study describes the coronary artery distribution patterns associated with the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right side of the aortic valve in @entity329 . The hearts of 15 affected animals were examined by means of a corrosion-cast technique, histology and scanning electron microscopy. The hamsters belonged to a laboratory inbred colony with a high incidence of @entity453 and bicuspid aortic valves. The aortic valve was tricuspid in eight hamsters and bicuspid in the other seven. In all cases, the right coronary artery was normal, whereas the left main coronary artery trunk arose from the right aortic sinus or from the right side of the ventral aortic sinus when the aortic valve was bicuspid. In 12 specimens, the left main trunk crossed the infundibular septum and then divided into the left circumflex branch and the obtuse marginal branch. In another specimen, the course of the left main trunk was ventral to the right ventricular outflow tract; in the remaining two, it surrounded the aorta dorsally. In @entity1 , some of these distribution patterns may cause @entity296 and @entity944 . The present findings prove that the origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus occurs in primitive mammals such as the @entity329 , suggesting that the defect may occur in other @entity1 species. Its possible occurrence should be borne in mind in domestic animals, especially in those with signs of @entity296 after strenuous activity.

title: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right side of the aortic valve in XXXX ( @entity329 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster', 'Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomalies']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: Animal models of @entity1 disease are necessary in order to rigorously study stages of disease progression and associated mechanisms, and ultimately, as pre-clinical models to test interventions. In these methods, we describe a technique in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is injected into the lactating @entity19 mammary gland via the nipple, effectively modeling @entity1271 , or @entity32 , of the gland. This simulated infection results in increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling, as visualized through bioluminescent imaging of an NF-kB luciferase reporter @entity19 . Our ultimate goal in developing these methods was to study the @entity32 associated with @entity1271 in the lactating gland, which often includes redness, @entity4 , and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, we were keenly aware that incision or any type of wounding of the skin, the nipple, or the gland in order to introduce the LPS could not be utilized in our methods since the approach would likely confound the read-out of @entity32 . We also desired a straight-forward method that did not require specially made hand-drawn pipettes or the use of micromanipulators to hold these specialized tools in place. Thus, we determined to use a commercially available insulin syringe and to inject the agent into the mammary duct of an intact nipple. This method was successful and allowed us to study the @entity32 associated with LPS injection without any additional effects overlaid by the process of injection. In addition, this method also utilized an NF-kB luciferase reporter transgenic @entity19 and bioluminescent imaging technology to visually and quantitatively show increased NF-kB signaling within the LPS-injected gland. These methods are of interest to researchers of many disciplines who wish to model disease within the lactating mammary gland, as ultimately, the technique described here could be utilized for injection of a number of substances, and is not limited to only LPS.

title: Intraductal injection of LPS as a XXXX model of @entity1271 : signaling visualized via an NF-kB reporter transgenic.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonword repetition, the ability to retain and repeat unfamiliar sequences of phonemes is usually impaired in @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ), but it is unclear whether this explains slow language learning. Traditional nonword repetition tests involve a single presentation of nonwords for immediate repetition. Here we considered whether rate of learning of novel phonological sequences was impaired when the same items were presented repeatedly. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three complex nonwords were each presented for repetition five times in two sessions (A and B) separated by one hour. We studied both adults and @entity1 from (i) families with a @entity1 with @entity10870 and (ii) families whose @entity1 did not have @entity10870 . This gave a 2 2 design with familial @entity10870 as one factor, and age (up to or above 18 years) as the other. Overall, @entity1 from families with @entity10870 were poorer at nonword repetition than their peers from typical-language families, and there was a trend for @entity1 with @entity10870 to show less within-session learning than typically developing @entity1 . However, between-session retention, measured as the difference between the last trial from session 1 and the first trial of session 2, showed a significant age effect,      = .139, p = .004, regardless of family @entity10870 status. Adult @entity1 showed a decrease in score from the last trial of session A to the first trial of session B, whereas @entity1 maintained their level of performance, regardless of whether or not they had @entity10870 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Poor nonword repetition in @entity10870 appears to reflect inadequate encoding of phonological information, rather than problems retaining encoded information. Furthermore, the nonword learning task is consistent with the notion of a sensitive period in language learning: @entity1 show better retention over a delay for new phonological sequences than adults, regardless of overall level of language ability.

title: Delayed retention of new word-forms is better in XXXX than adults regardless of language ability: a factorial two-way study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3930 represents an important, although long underestimated, public health problem. Both in @entity1 and in @entity1 aging is accompanied by continuous @entity604 and by an exponential increase in the incidence of @entity3604 , with a female to male incidence ratio of about 2 to 3 to 1 in the elderly for @entity173 . Morbidity after @entity3604 appears to be more serious and mortality more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . To date, no single treatment has been proved to be effective and safe in published prospective studies. The present report, based on a systematic search of the literature on male @entity170 , summarises the state of the art on the clinical consequences of male @entity170 and its risk factors, in relation to the present state of knowledge about female @entity170 . This constitutes the background for the design of rational clinical development strategies for therapeutic interventions in male @entity170 . From this review of the literature it is apparent that notwithstanding the existing sex differences in pathophysiology of @entity170 and the difference in age-specific incidence of @entity3604 , there are also important similarities between @entity170 in @entity1 and @entity1 . The higher incidence of @entity174 in @entity1 than in @entity1 results from quantitative differences in risk factors rather than from different risk factors. Even though there are sex differences in bone geometry, incidence of @entity174 seems to be similar in @entity1 and @entity1 for a same absolute areal bone mineral density. However, the lack of data on the changes in @entity174 rates in @entity1 resulting from pharmacological intervention, leading to changes in bone mineral density or bone turnover, remains the main limitation for extrapolation of established treatment outcomes from @entity1 to @entity1 .

title: Background for studies on the treatment of male XXXX : state of the art.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['Male osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip and vertebral fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: We have isolated two nuclear genes, tufA and tufB, encoding chloroplast EF-Tu from a @entity286 ( @entity20250 ) genomic library. The tufA gene encodes a polypeptide of 478 @entity535 residues, consisting of a putative transit peptide of 70 residues and a mature EF-TuA of 408 residues. The tufB gene codes for a precursor proteins of 485 residues, containing a transit peptide of 77 residues and a mature EF-TuB of 408 residues. No introns were found in either gene. The sequence similarity within the coding regions of the two genes is 84.3% for @entity2036 and 89.7% for @entity1522 . Multiple 5' ends of transcripts were observed for both tuf genes. Northern analysis revealed that the EF-Tu mRNA accumulated at least 30-fold more in leaf than in root tissue. Ribonuclease protection assays using gene-specific probes showed that the level of tufB mRNA is three-fold higher than that of tufA mRNA in leaves but in roots the tufB mRNA levels is less than half that of tufA mRNA. The relative amount of tufB mRNA is 30-fold higher in leaves than in roots whereas tufA messages are only five-fold higher in leaves. These data suggest that expression of both tuf genes is differentially regulated according to tissue and plastid type.

title: Structure and differential expression of two distinct genes encoding the chloroplast elongation factor Tu in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity20250 :: ('4096', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana sylvestris']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: The role of changes in preload in maintaining stable hemodynamics during coronary obstruction was assessed in the presence of @entity741 due to occlusions of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries. Changes in preload (mean left atrial pressure) to maintain a constant @entity64 volume after @entity1563 were examined in 18 anesthetized @entity235 ( @entity1347 occlusion in 9 @entity235 , LCX occlusion in 9 @entity235 ). The level of @entity63 was assessed sonomicrometrically. Ventricular function curves relating left atrial pressure to @entity64 volume were assessed during a control state and after 1 min of @entity1563 . The extent of preload reserve after @entity1563 was examined on the ventricular function curves and was defined as the change in mean left atrial pressure required to maintain @entity64 volume at the level of the control state under conditions of regional @entity63 . Ischemic size was determined by a stereo-angiogram after the animals were sacrificed. The extent of preload reserve (X) was linearly related to the @entity63 size (Y) in both @entity1347 (Y = 0.90 + 0.16X, r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and LCX (Y = -1.79 + 0.19X, r = 0.79, p < 0.001) occlusions. The slopes of the regression lines in @entity1347 and LCX occlusions were the same. The X intercepts of these lines were -5.6% and 9.4% of the left ventricular weight in @entity1347 and @entity63 (p < 0.001), respectively. Thus, the presence of systolic wall motion abnormalities due to @entity1563 can be compensated for hemodynamically by changes in the preload reserve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessment of preload reserve in @entity741 --the relation between preload reserve and @entity63 size differs between anterior descending and circumflex @entity1563 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'LCX ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend implementing a 6-h resuscitation bundle, which has been associated with reduced mortality of @entity1 presenting with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . However, this resuscitation bundle has not yet become a widely implemented treatment protocol. It is still unclear what factors are associated with the rate of compliance with the resuscitation bundle. In this study, we evaluated the potential factors associated with implementation and compliance of a 6-h resuscitation bundle in @entity1 presenting with severe @entity295 or @entity326 in the emergency department. We conducted a retrospective observational study involving adult @entity1 presenting with severe @entity295 or @entity326 in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital during the period between August 2008 and July 2010. The resuscitation bundle consisted of seven interventions according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. The primary outcome measure was the rate of high compliance with the 6-h resuscitation bundle, defined as implementation of more than five of seven interventions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the confounding factors. A total of 317 @entity1 were enrolled into the study. One hundred seventy-two @entity1 (54.3%) were assigned to the high compliance group, and 145 @entity1 (45.7%) to the low compliance group. Significant factors associated with high compliance of the 6-h resuscitation bundle were @entity221 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-1.70), care from experienced nurses who had 3 or more years of clinical experience (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.58), and care from senior residents or board-certified emergency physicians (adjusted OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.68-6.89). Factors related with lower compliance were cryptic shock (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.52) and higher serum @entity880 levels (adjusted OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98). Furthermore, we found several potential factors that influence compliance with the @entity295 resuscitation bundle. To improve the compliance with the resuscitation bundle, interventions focusing on those factors will be needed.

title: Factors influencing compliance with early resuscitation bundle in the management of severe XXXX and @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neonatal calf @entity294 is still one of the most important diseases in @entity291 rearing, and severe @entity294 has a marked effect on animal welfare. Furthermore, significant economic losses can result from this disease due to high mortality rates, high medical costs, and low @entity1017 . To avoid a fatal outcome of the disease, it is crucial that vulnerable @entity291 are identified as early as possible. @entity48105 is described as an early and reliable prognostic marker in several diseases. In this study, 20 scouring @entity291 were tested by ELISA for their @entity17837 serum concentrations. Samples were collected twice, at the beginning of @entity294 and 7 to 10 d later. Regarding the clinical outcome after 7 to 10 d, @entity291 were classified as recovered or nonrecovered. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to determine the prognostic value of @entity17837 for the progress of clinical symptoms. At the beginning of @entity294 , the @entity17837 concentration was significantly higher in nonrecovering @entity291 compared with those that recover 7 to 10 d after the onset of @entity294 . @entity48105 proved to be a useful additional parameter in the clinical examination. High initial @entity17837 values can support the decision for closer monitoring and an adapted therapeutic strategy for the respective @entity291 . This may help to prevent unnecessary animal suffering and reduce economic losses.

title: Serum XXXX as a prognostic marker in neonatal calf @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity48105 :: (280826(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: @entity1120 is a @entity2315 caused by a @entity1120 (GC), and is an excellent candidate for gene replacement therapy. To develop a clinically acceptable protocol for this purpose, we created two amplified (A) high-titer retroviral vector-producer cell lines to efficiently transduce @entity1583 stem and progenitor cells. GP+envAm12/A- @entity48536 (A- @entity48536 ), contained the GC cDNA driven by the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) and the @entity5154 phosphotransferase gene expressed from the @entity2235 early promoter. GP+envAm12/A-LG4 (A-LG4) contained only the GC gene driven by the LTR. Both A- @entity48536 and A-LG4 contained multiple proviral copies and gave approximately 10-fold higher titers on 3T3 cells compared to their unamplified counterparts. These vectors were packaged in @entity19 cells because vectors produced in this cell line transduced @entity1583 cells more efficiently than other packaging cells tested. Bone marrow mononuclear cells and purified @entity2280 + cells were infected with virus supernatants four times in the presence of @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ), @entity650 , and @entity6826 ( @entity6826 ) over 96 hours in culture. Cells were then plated in semisolid cultures and colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies were scored for vector presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transduction efficiency of CFU-GM colonies derived from @entity2280 + cells was improved considerably using the amplified vectors in the GP+envAm12 packaging line. For A- @entity48536 , A-LG4, and unamplified @entity48536 , transduction efficiencies were 41, 42, and 25%, respectively. Therefore, multiple proviral copies resulting in higher titer improves retroviral transduction of @entity1 @entity1583 progenitor cells. @entity1583 cells from Gaucher @entity1 were transduced and placed into long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC). Viral supernatant from the amplified producer lines transduced long-term culture initiating cells (LTCIC) efficiently (30 to 50%) using this clinically acceptable protocol. Both sustained mRNA expression and GC enzyme production are achieved in the long-term culture of LTCIC and lead to correction of the @entity1120 in their progeny cells.

title: Correction of the enzyme deficiency in XXXX cells of Gaucher @entity1 using a clinically acceptable retroviral supernatant transduction protocol.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic', 'Hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease', 'GC deficiency', 'deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: We have shown previously that admixtures of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) and Intralipid ( @entity11015 -IL) obtained by vigorous and prolonged @entity2146 are stable and can be standardized. These preparations exhibited in-vitro activity against various Candida spp., and had significantly lower @entity137 . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activity of @entity11015 -IL admixtures in vivo in comparison with the conventional formulation of @entity11015 ( @entity2379 ), using a @entity19 model of experimental systemic candidosis. ICR female @entity19 (4-6 weeks old) were injected iv with 5 x 10(4) @entity5132 @entity5132 . The animals developed a @entity281 (100%) within 10 days. Systemic candidosis was demonstrated by the presence of fungal elements in kidneys and spleen tissue, and by enumeration of cfu of Candida in the tissue homogenates. @entity11015 -IL or @entity11015 was administered iv 48 h post-Candida inoculation for 5 consecutive days. Four experiments with 108 @entity19 treated with @entity11015 5 x 0.4 mg/kg and followed up for 6 weeks, showed that the mean survival percentages at the end of the experiment were 0, 24.9 and 52.5% for the untreated group, conventional @entity11015 -treated and @entity11015 -IL-treated groups, respectively. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.4, 25 and 30 days for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated and @entity11015 -IL-treated groups, respectively. Use of increased doses of @entity11015 showed that conventional @entity11015 at doses greater than 5 x 1 mg/kg caused immediate @entity204 . @entity11015 -IL was used at doses of @entity11015 up to 5 x 2 mg/kg. Experiments with 104 @entity19 revealed that the mean survival percentage at the end of the experiment was 0, 34.5, 58.6 and 97% for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated (5 x 1 mg/kg), @entity11015 -IL-1-treated (5 x 1 mg/kg) and @entity11015 -IL-2-treated (5 x 2 mg/kg) groups, respectively. The @entity1349 was 7, 27.8, 34.8 and 41.4 days for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated, @entity11015 -IL-1-treated and @entity11015 -IL-2-treated groups, respectively. The results of this study reveal that @entity11015 -IL is significantly more effective in treating systemic @entity19 candidosis than conventional @entity11015 .

title: Antifungal activity of XXXX -lipid admixtures in experimental systemic candidosis in naive @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['CBS 562', 'Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lethal infection']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['animal death']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spending on physician-administered drugs is high and uses not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are frequent. Although these drugs may be targets of future policy efforts to rationalize use, little is known regarding how physicians respond to emerging safety and effectiveness evidence. STUDY OBJECTIVE: We analyzed changes in bevacizumab (Avastin) use for @entity0 in response to its market launch (February 2008), 2 FDA meetings reviewing data suggesting that its risks exceed its benefits (July 2010 and June 2011), and the FDA's withdrawal of approval (November 2011). DATA: Data from a population-based audit of oncologists' prescribing (IntrinsiQ Intellidose) were used to measure the monthly number of @entity0 @entity1 treated with bevacizumab (January 2008-April 2012). METHODS: The number of bevacizumab @entity1 following each regulatory action was estimated using negative binomial regression, compared with @entity1 before the first FDA meeting, adjusting for @entity5 stage, treatment line, @entity1 age, and outpatient office affiliation. RESULTS: Bevacizumab use for @entity0 increased significantly after FDA approval. After all regulatory actions, there was a 65% decline (95% CI, 64%-65%) in use compared with the period before the first meeting. The largest decline was in the 6-month period after the first meeting (37%; 95% CI, 28%-47%). The rate of decline did not differ by @entity1 or @entity5 characteristics and differed minimally by office affiliation. DISCUSSION: Bevacizumab use for @entity0 declined dramatically after FDA meetings and regulatory actions, a period without changes in guideline recommendations or insurance coverage. Physicians seem to be responsive to emerging evidence concerning physician-administered drug safety and effectiveness.

title: The impact of emerging safety and effectiveness evidence on the use of physician-administered drugs: the case of bevacizumab for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introcochlear application of exogenous or transgenic neurotrophins, such as @entity19562 (NT-3) and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), could promote the resprouting of @entity528 in deafened animals. These resprouting neurites might reduce the gap between cochlear implant electrodes and their targeting SGNs, allowing for an improvement of spatial resolution of electrical stimulation. This study is to investigate the impact of electrical stimulation employed in CI on the extension of resprouting SGN neurites. We established an in vitro model including the devices delivering of charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation, and @entity4494 ( @entity4494 ) dissociated culture treated with @entity2252 and NT-3. After electrical stimulation with varying durations and intensities, we quantified neurite lengths and Schwann cell densities in @entity4494 cultures. Stimulations that were greater than 50 A or longer than 8hours significantly decreased @entity4494 neurite length. Schwann cell density under 100 A electrical stimulation for 48hours was significantly lower compared to that in non-stimulated group. These electrical stimulation-induced decreases of neurite extension and Schwann cell density were attenuated by various types of voltage-dependent @entity460 channel (VDCC) blockers, or completely prevented by their combination, @entity3409 or @entity460 -free medium. Our study suggested that charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation inhibited the extension of resprouting SGN neurites and decreased Schwann cell density in vitro. @entity460 influx through multiple types of VDCCs was involved in the electrical stimulation-induced inhibition.

title: Charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation inhibits neurite extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['SG', 'spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) neurites']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['spiral ganglion neurons']


abstract: The present study investigated whether there is any difference between the effects of @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 anxiolytics on agonistic behavior in male @entity19 , using an ethopharmacological technique. Agonistic behavior was evoked using a resident-intruder paradigm. The effects of four doses of the following drugs were assessed in either resident or intruder @entity19 : @entity3175 (vehicle, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity49438 (vehicle, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.). Residents and intruders were drugged on alternate test days, and all animals received different sequences of each of the drug conditions according to a random schedule. The injection-test interval was 30 min. When a resident @entity19 were treated with either @entity3175 or @entity49438 , the frequency of attack bite was suppressed significantly in a dose-dependent manner. When intruder @entity19 were treated with @entity3175 , attack bites by untreated residents were significantly increased, whereas @entity49438 was ineffective. Although @entity3175 caused a significant decrease in both locomotion and rearing, @entity49438 did not cause @entity66 . These evidence indicate that @entity49438 , a @entity19472 agonist, has different pharmacological properties from @entity3175 .

title: [Comparison of the effects of @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 anxiolytics on agonistic behavior in male XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity49438 :: ('MESH:C055267', 'Chemical') :: ['tandospirone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The macrolide @entity3446 specifically binds the 12-kD @entity1140 -binding protein (FKBP12), and this complex potently inhibits the target of @entity3446 ( @entity30849 ) kinase. The identification of @entity30849 in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) revealed that @entity30849 is conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotes. However, research on @entity30849 signaling in plants has been hampered by the natural resistance of plants to @entity3446 . Here, we report @entity30849 inactivation by @entity3446 treatment in a photosynthetic organism. We identified and characterized @entity30849 and FKBP12 homologs in the unicellular green alga @entity2060 . Whereas growth of wild-type @entity2060 cells is sensitive to @entity3446 , cells lacking FKBP12 are fully resistant to the drug, indicating that this protein mediates @entity3446 action to inhibit cell growth. Unlike its plant homolog, @entity2060 FKBP12 exhibits high affinity to @entity3446 in vivo, which was increased by mutation of conserved residues in the drug-binding pocket. Furthermore, pull-down assays demonstrated that @entity30849 binds FKBP12 in the presence of @entity3446 . Finally, @entity3446 treatment resulted in a pronounced increase of vacuole size that resembled autophagic-like processes. Thus, our findings suggest that @entity2060 cell growth is positively controlled by a conserved @entity30849 kinase and establish this unicellular alga as a useful model system for studying @entity30849 signaling in photosynthetic eukaryotes.

title: Inhibition of target of @entity3446 signaling by @entity3446 in the unicellular green alga XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: Currently, @entity1 with @entity1313 must undergo both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to take advantage of CT's density information and MR's soft tissue imaging capabilities. A method has been developed that allows virtual simulation, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), and 3-D treatment planning of @entity1 with @entity1313 to be generated using only one T1-weighted MR data set. DRRs of an anthropomorphic RANDO head phantom were generated using MR and CT imaging. The MR based DRRs provided structural information equivalent to CT based DRRs. The spatial linearity of CT and MR image sets was evaluated by measuring the percent distortion and @entity2246 . There was no statistical difference in spatial linearity or accuracy between the CT and MR image sets. MR and CT based treatment planning were compared using a variety of different treatment accessories, field sizes, photon energies, and gantry positions. Doses at various points throughout the head phantom were used as comparison points between CT based heterogeneous, CT based homogenous, and MR based homogenous treatment planning of the head phantom. @entity50107 thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to verify the dosimetric accuracy of MR based treatment planning by taking measurements at these points. For treatment plans with fields that pass through large air cavities, such as the maxillary sinus, homogenous treatment planning produces unacceptable dosimetric error (2%-4%). For treatment plans with fields that pass through the skull, MR homogenous treatment planning can be used with a dosimetric accuracy of +/- 2%.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging based digitally reconstructed radiographs, virtual simulation, and three-dimensional treatment planning for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['spatial error']

entities_list: @entity50107 :: ('MESH:C027651', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasms']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain neoplasms']


abstract: @entity45465 and @entity45466 ( @entity45466 ) have costimulatory effects as part of a complex series of events in host immunity. In this study, the expression of @entity45465 and @entity45466 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from @entity291 with @entity3068 were measured on freshly isolated PBMCs and on cells cultured for 8, 24, and 72 h in the presence or absence of live @entity3069 . @entity3068 and exogenous gamma interferon, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor b. Results demonstrated greater @entity45465 and @entity45466 expression on fresh PBMCs obtained from animals in the clinical stage of disease (symptomatic) than those from healthy control animals or @entity291 in the subclinical stage of disease (asymptomatic). A similar expression profile with greater magnitude was noted for cultured PBMCs, with increased @entity45465 expression after 8 and 24 h of culture and increased @entity45466 expression between 24 and 72 h on PBMCs obtained from clinically infected animals. The addition of live @entity3069 . @entity3068 to cell cultures resulted in downregulation of @entity45466 expression in naturally infected @entity291 , regardless of the disease stage. In contrast, the addition of live @entity3069 . @entity3068 to cultures resulted in upregulation of @entity45465 expression on cells obtained from clinically infected animals, while a decrease in expression was noted for healthy and subclinically infected @entity291 . No effects of exogenous cytokines on @entity45465 or @entity45466 expression were observed. These results clearly point for the first time to a disparity in the expression of these costimulatory molecules on immune cells from @entity291 in different stages of @entity3068 and suggest further investigation into their roles in @entity3068 pathogenesis.

title: Clinical disease upregulates expression of @entity45465 and @entity45465 ligand on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity291 naturally infected with XXXX subsp. @entity3068 .

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium subsp', 'Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis', "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the disease course in @entity4932 (JIA) can be characterized as monophasic, polycyclic, or persistent, and to determine whether early clinical and laboratory characteristics can be used to predict the disease course and time to remission. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with systemic JIA diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 were followed up with a standardized data collection protocol, including data on clinical and laboratory features (mean followup 4.9 years). Disease was considered inactive if the clinical and laboratory features were normal. Three definitions of remission were applied to classify disease course. @entity66 were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Predictors of time to remission were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: When applying a definition of remission requiring inactive disease while not receiving any medications for a period of 3 months, 42.2%, 6.7%, and 51.1% of the @entity1 were classified as having monophasic, polycyclic, and persistent disease, respectively. @entity221 and active @entity625 at 3 months (R2 = 0.42, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.76) and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >26 mm/hour and corticosteroid use at 6 months (R2 = 0.49, AUC = 0.92) were predictive of a nonmonophasic course. Absence of active @entity625 , an ESR of <26 mm/hour, and no requirement for corticosteroid therapy at 3 and 6 months were predictors of an earlier time to remission. CONCLUSION: The disease course in systemic JIA can be characterized as monophasic, polycyclic, or persistent using a definition of remission requiring 3 months of inactive disease while not receiving any therapy. Features at 3 and 6 months are predictive of the disease course and time to remission.

title: XXXX and remission in @entity4932 : significance of early clinical and laboratory features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Predictors of disease course']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Predictors of disease course']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is a common condition in @entity1 with @entity1577 . Large amounts of pancreatic enzyme supplements are required to reduce malabsorption but @entity1 compliance is not always optimal. AIMS: To compare @entity1 ' preference and the efficacy of two enteric coated microsphere preparations in @entity1 with @entity1577 . @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity3210 due to @entity1577 . METHODS: @entity1 were assigned to the crossover treatment with Creon or Pancrease for 1 week and then to the alternative treatment. @entity1 had to follow a fixed diet (at least 2 g fat/kg) and had to assume 1000 units lipase/g fat. The evaluation parameters were: @entity1 ' preference, acceptance of therapy, stool fat excretion, stool weight, @entity344 , and tolerance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of the 33/60 @entity1 who expressed a preference for one of the two treatments, 30 preferred Creon while only 3 @entity1 preferred Pancrease (p<0.001). No difference between the two treatments was observed regarding stool characteristics, @entity344 and tolerance. The mean number of capsules taken daily was reduced by 35% with Creon. The results of this study showed a preference in favour of Creon probably due to the reduction of daily capsule intake of 35%, supporting digestion as well as Pancrease.

title: Comparison of two enteric coated microsphere preparations in the treatment of @entity3210 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic exocrine insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying early reproductive loss in the @entity1 are beginning to be elucidated. The migratory and invasive capacity of @entity1 endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is increasingly recognized to contribute to the intense tissue remodelling associated with embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion and endometrial regeneration. In this review, we examine the signals and mechanisms that control ESC migration and invasion and assess how deregulation of these cell functions contributes to common reproductive disorders. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for publications on motility and invasiveness of @entity1 ESCs in normal endometrial function and in reproductive disorders including @entity177 , @entity393 ( @entity393 ), @entity46 and @entity1870 , covering the period 2000-2012. RESULTS Increasing evidence suggests that @entity177 and @entity393 involve abnormal migratory responses of decidualizing ESCs to embryo and trophoblast signals. Numerous reports indicate that @entity46 , as well as @entity1870 , is associated with increased basal and stimulated invasiveness of ESCs and their progenitor cells, suggesting a link between a heightened menstrual repair response and the formation of ectopic implants. Migration and invasiveness of ESCs are controlled by a complex array of hormones, growth factors, chemokines and inflammatory mediators, and involve signalling through Rho GTPases, @entity4357 -3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. CONCLUSIONS Novel concepts are extending our understanding of the key functions of ESCs in effecting tissue repair imposed by cyclic menstruation and parturition. Migration of decidualizing ESCs also serves to support blastocyst implantation and embryo selection through discriminate motile responses directed by embryo quality. Targeting regulatory molecules holds promise for developing new strategies for the treatment of reproductive disorders such as @entity46 and recurrent miscarriage; and harnessing the migratory capacity of progenitor mesenchymal stem cells in the endometrium may offer new opportunities in regenerative medicine.

title: The motile and invasive capacity of XXXX endometrial stromal cells: implications for normal and impaired reproductive function.

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['implantation failure']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent pregnancy loss', 'RPL']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The 3-year FREEDOM trial assessed the efficacy and safety of 60 mg denosumab every 6 months for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . @entity1 who completed the FREEDOM trial were eligible to enter an extension to continue the evaluation of denosumab efficacy and safety for up to 10 years. For the extension results presented here, @entity1 from the FREEDOM denosumab group had 2 more years of denosumab treatment (long-term group) and those from the FREEDOM placebo group had 2 years of denosumab exposure (cross-over group). We report results for bone turnover markers (BTMs), @entity79 ( @entity79 ), @entity174 rates, and safety. A total of 4550 @entity1 enrolled in the extension (2343 long-term; 2207 cross-over). Reductions in BTMs were maintained (long-term group) or occurred rapidly (cross-over group) following denosumab administration. In the long-term group, lumbar spine and total hip @entity79 increased further, resulting in 5-year gains of 13.7% and 7.0%, respectively. In the cross-over group, @entity79 increased at the lumbar spine (7.7%) and total hip (4.0%) during the 2-year denosumab treatment. Yearly @entity174 incidences for both groups were below rates observed in the FREEDOM placebo group and below rates projected for a "virtual untreated twin" cohort. Adverse events did not increase with long-term denosumab administration. Two adverse events in the cross-over group were adjudicated as consistent with @entity2530 of the jaw. Five-year denosumab treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 maintained BTM reduction and increased @entity79 , and was associated with low @entity174 rates and a favorable risk/benefit profile.

title: Five years of denosumab exposure in XXXX with @entity170 : results from the first two years of the FREEDOM extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity545 is an acquired connective tissue disorder of the penile tunica albuginea with @entity82 and @entity32 . The disease produces palpable plaques, @entity546 and @entity158 during erections. @entity1 report negative effects in four major domains: physical appearance and self-image, sexual function and performance. These changes damage sexual life and compromise the quality of life. Our objective is to review the @entity1 's sexual life after penile tunical plicature using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questionnaires. METHODS: A total of 47 @entity1 with @entity545 ( @entity545 ) were enrolled at our urology department and they underwent correction of penile deviation between February 2009 and March 2010. Mean @entity1 age was 56 years and mean follow-up was 24 months. @entity1 with @entity545 with no progression in angulation for at least 12 months were chosen for surgery. They underwent a penile tunical plication.IIEF and SEP questionnaire were administered to all @entity1 . RESULTS: Of all treated @entity1 , 94% were able to insert their penis in the partner's vagina (p<0.01; SEP question 2), compared with 62% preoperatively and 90% of them was satisfied overall with the sexual intercourse (p<0.01; SEP question 5) . @entity1 had a significantly higher endpoint and a greater change from baseline for the remaining SEP questions related to achievement of an erection, satisfaction of erection hardness (SEP questions 1 and 4; p < 0:001).We reported a significant improvement in the IIEF scores (from a baseline total score of 25.2 +/- 3.2 to a final score of 38.3 +/- 5.2; P<0.01). It resulted in significantly higher endpoint IIEF scores across all five IIEF domains: Erectile Function, Intercourse Satisfaction, Orgasmic Function, Sexual Desire and Overall Satisfaction. The main complaint was penile shortening (28 @entity1 , 60%), feeling of the suture during flaccidity and tumescence (37 @entity1 , 80%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 quality of life improved after surgery thanks to the improvement of their sexual life. The complications are unimportant and few bother symptoms are reported. The significant improvement in erectile function was also supported by IIEF and SEP questionnaire data. Nowadays tunical plication is a safe, advantageous and useful technique to treat @entity1 suffering of @entity545 .

title: Tunical plication in the management of XXXX due La @entity545 . Our experience on 47 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'painless PD plaque', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile curvature']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In thyroid surgery, preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is crucial for preventing @entity86 . Right nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (NRLNs) are not particularly rare, and they are vulnerable to injury during surgery. This @entity154 is associated with a @entity5216 . Thus, a right-sided aortic arch with an @entity5216 (LSA) suggests a possible left NRLN. METHODS: We report the cases of 4 @entity1 with right-sided aortic arch and aberrant LSA. Preoperative imaging studies revealed those anomalies, but no signs of situs inversus. During the surgeries, only 1 of the 4 cases had a left NRLN. We retrospectively evaluated the @entity1 ' imaging studies. RESULTS: An aortic diverticulum was found at the point at which the aberrant LSA originated in the 3 @entity1 with left-RLNs, but not in the @entity1 with the left-NRLN. CONCLUSION: In right-sided aortic arch + aberrant LSA cases, the absence of an aortic diverticulum suggests a left NRLN.    2016 The Authors Head _ Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

title: Right-sided aortic arch and XXXX with or without a left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative phonatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['right aberrant subclavian artery', 'aberrant left subclavian artery']

answer: @entity5216 :: (MESH:C535555,Disease) :: ['aberrant left subclavian artery']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ), particularly of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), is still unknown and the precise nature of the primum movens is strongly debated. Epithelial cells can be the first target of various environmental toxic agents. Both types of pneumocytes may be injured. Type I pneumocyte loss, however, is most conspicuous in fibroblastic foci, the principal sites where irreversible fibrogenesis starts. Epithelial regeneration is highly disturbed: cuboidal and bronchial cells are mainly involved in alveolar repair. These cells, unable to accomplish important functions of normal pneumocytes, secrete various factors inducing migration and proliferation of fibroblasts responsible for progressive extracellular matrix accumulation and lung remodelling. Endothelial cells may also be considered the major players in the initiation of fibrogenic events. @entity130 has been largely demonstrated as an early event in @entity2416 lungs. Thrombin as well as other coagulation products has many biological effects such as the activation of different profibrotic factors, which in addition to other fibrogenetic molecules released by stimulated endothelium, are responsible for migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. The old pathogenesis of @entity2416 : chronic inflammation can now be considered the principal event in other non @entity2416 - @entity16058 . Among inflammatory cells, different cell types have been extensively suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity3794 : granulocytes and eosinophils or mast cells. More recently novel mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of @entity3794 have been proposed: bone marrow-derived stem cells may play a crucial role in the fibroproliferative response as well as in epithelial regeneration.

title: XXXX : Primum movens: epithelial, endothelial or whatever.

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'IIPs']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular injury']

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased @entity3426 (IL-1) in the brain and periphery has been associated with neurodegenerative and @entity146 . However, results from different IL-1 sources, administrating routes, doses and treatment duration were inconsistent and confused. The neuroendocrine-immune mechanism by which IL-1-induced behavioral changes occur is still unclear. METHODS: In the present study, the acute and sub-chronic effects of @entity35 recombinant IL-1, following either intraperitoneal (ip) or intracerebroventricular (icv) injection, were studied on the behavior, @entity2819 secretion, peripheral inflammatory responses and brain monoamines. RESULTS: In the open field apparatus, IL-1 (ip) increased locomotor activity but decreased the activity following icv administration. IL-1 had a greater anxiogenic effect in the elevated plus maze after icv than after ip administration. In the Morris water maze spatial memory was only impaired following sub-chronic and icv administration. Both acute and sub-chronic IL-1 increased the serum @entity2819 concentration and decreased the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 from whole blood cultures. However, centrally administered IL-1 increased, while peripherally administered decreased, the release of @entity1421 from blood cultures. After sub-chronic administration, the @entity1063 concentration was decreased in several limbic regions, while the turnovers of @entity750 and @entity935 were increased. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that 1) IL-1 effects depended on the dose, route and duration of administration, and 2) IL-1 enhances the responsiveness of @entity35 to stressful environmental stimuli. In addition, the sub-chronic administration of IL-1 induces behavioral, neurotransmitter, hormonal and immune changes that may be causally implicated in the mechanism of some of @entity146 such as @entity308 .

title: The comparison of changes in behavior, neurochemistry, endocrine, and immune functions after different routes, doses and durations of administrations of @entity3426 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In a controlled field study of three years' duration we evaluated the effect of @entity1953 supplementation on pathological changes in @entity1953 / @entity2186 -deficient Texel twin @entity742 grazing the same @entity1953 -deficient pasture. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the histopathology of liver and brain was done on 44 sets of twins. Pathological changes were related to blood concentrations of @entity2186 , @entity15744 , and @entity1255 . Lesions were mainly confined to the liver and brain. Acute hepatic changes were characterized by @entity1560 , @entity528 , and single cell @entity39 . Chronic changes consisted of bile duct proliferation, the presence of ceroid containing macrophages, and @entity82 in the portal triads. Many non-supplemented @entity742 showed polymicrocavitation and @entity5718 in the brain. Polioencephalomalacia was observed in three non-supplemented @entity742 but was regarded as a secondary lesion. Our results indicate that the main lesions found in @entity1953 / @entity2186 -deficient @entity742 are acute and chronic @entity99 . These lesions were associated with low concentrations of @entity2186 and high concentrations of @entity15744 and @entity1255 in the blood. The @entity409 were also associated with polymicrocavitation of the brain, probably as morphological evidence of @entity8601 .

title: Pathological changes in @entity1953 -supplemented and non-supplemented twin XXXX in relation to blood concentrations of @entity15744 and @entity1255 .

entities_list: @entity5718 :: ('MESH:C536595', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type II reaction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity8601 :: ('MESH:C563797', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocytic degeneration']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of @entity1143 levels of soluble receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on @entity1 cells (sRCAS1) in @entity2 @entity1 with @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ). METHODS: Pleural effusion samples were collected from 78 @entity1 with @entity3483 , and from 48 @entity1 with benign @entity1143 (BPE). Pleural effusion sRCAS1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity3483 was significantly higher sRCAS1 levels than that of BPE (P<0.01). With a cutoff value of 18.7 U/ml, sRCAS1 showed a good diagnostic performance for @entity3483 . Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that elevated sRCAS1 levels were an independent predictor of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease free survival (DFS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves further confirmed that @entity1 with high sRCAS1 have shorter DFS and @entity1349 (P=0.026 and P=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, measurement of sRCAS1 might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for @entity3483 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic significance of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on @entity1 cells in @entity2 associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'SiSo']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: Two-stage revision represents the gold standard in the treatment of @entity281 . Different techniques have been proposed, mostly not preserving range of motion. An articulated antibiotic-loaded cement spacer made in association with two unicompartmental implants has been used as an alternative to a static spacer in an effort to retain as much movement as possible between the stages in young, high-demand @entity1 with preserved ROM. METHODS: We evaluated nine consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 66.5 years. The second stage was performed after lab tests returned to normal and culture proved negative. Mean follow-up was 4.6 years. RESULTS: Mean ROM from a preoperative value of 105.6   was 103.5   after the first stage, and improved to 110.0   after the definitive implant. Mean Knee Society score was 27.6 preoperatively improving to 86.4 points postoperatively. WOMAC score showed that six @entity1 were very satisfied with the overall result of their reimplanted knee, three subjects were somewhat satisfied. No recurrence of @entity281 , no significant radiolucent lines or @entity3061 were recorded at clinical and radiological follow-up and the @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that this technique may ensure the advantages of a static spacer, but allow a greater ROM and better functional recovery. It may be considered as a viable option in selected cases even though the higher costs of two unicompartmental implants should be considered in the light of other aspects, such as prolonged hospital stay and rehabilitation in revision of @entity281 .

title: A novel technique to preserve range of motion in two-stage revision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected total knee arthroplasty', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infected total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: @entity882 can be a pathophysiological feature of pregnancy. In the case reported, the thrombocyte count was reduced to 1% of normal (1 x 10(9) thrombocytes/l) at 28 weeks of gestation. In chronological order, the @entity1 showed @entity1415 , macrohematuria and gingival, conjunctival, intracerebral and @entity548 . The latter was life-threatening. An emergency splenectomy was undertaken, without complications. The operation was followed by a massive increase in the thrombocyte count, reaching 200 x 10(9)/l four days later. Unfortunately, a premature rupture of the membranes, with signs of @entity281 , occurred on the seventh day. A Cesarean section was undertaken (30 weeks of gestation), without complications. Both mother and baby are in good health 10 months later. The newborn had a normal thrombocyte count at delivery and thereafter. The life-threatening @entity548 of the mother, the delivery of an unaffected baby and the relatively quick remission after splenectomy suggest an upregulated destruction of thrombocytes by the maternal spleen. The increased level of @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), a normal feature of pregnancy, has the potential to augment thrombocyte destruction by activating macrophages. The production of anti-thrombocyte antibodies, especially if localized in the spleen, could result in increased thrombocyte sequestration by macrophages with severe effects focused on the mother.

title: Successful emergency splenectomy during pregnancy in a XXXX with life-threatening @entity882 . Case report.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'pulmonary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amnion infection']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor', 'M-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Intravascular stents are used clinically as an adjunct to coronary and iliac angioplasty. This study was performed to evaluate the thrombogenicity and intimal @entity1373 incited by stents deployed in non-injured and in balloon-injured femoral arteries in the @entity235 model. Medinvent stents (4 mm) were placed in the femoral arteries bilaterally in five mongrel @entity235 via cut down. This was preceded by balloon catheter angioplasty of the stent site on one side. Platelet deposition was measured at 30, 60, and 90 minutes and at 24 and 48 hours after stent placement, using gamma camera imaging of Indium111 platelets. The animals were killed after 2 months using a pressure perfusion technique, and the stents harvested. All vessels were patent at the time of harvest. Neointimal thickness was measured by computer image analysis. Platelet deposition was significantly increased on the angioplastied side compared to the non-angioplastied side at 60 minutes (5.67 x 10(9) +/- 1.4 versus 2.17 x 10(9) +/- 0.5 platelets/cm; P < 0.05), at 90 minutes (8.13 x 10(9) +/- 1.8 versus 2.33 x 10(9) +/- 0.6 platelets/cm; P < 0.05), and at 24 hours (stent-to-blood ratio = 15.86 +/- 6.3 versus 3.75 +/- 1.5; P < 0.05). Neointimal thickness was also significantly greater on the side of combined angioplasty and stent placement (0.45 +/- 0.21 mm versus 0.33 +/- 0.09 mm; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that placement of intravascular stents in normal arteries is associated with a certain degree of thrombogenicity and formation of neointimal @entity1373 . Combining balloon angioplasty with stent placement significantly augments both thrombogenicity and production of intimal @entity1373 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reaction to injury following balloon angioplasty and intravascular stent placement in the XXXX femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present about 80% of @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) will be cured following treatment with multi-drug chemotherapy. A major concern for this growing number of survivors is the risk of late effects of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether signs of @entity296 were present in @entity1 treated in childhood with cumulative @entity4349 doses of less than 300 mg/m(2). PROCEDURE: Evaluation of cardiac function in a cohort of 63 long-term survivors in first continuous remission following treatment of @entity981 with multi-drug chemotherapy including @entity8253 was performed using standard M-mode echocardiography and tissue doppler imaging (TDI). Associations between age at diagnosis, cumulative dose of @entity4349 , sex, length of follow-up, and deviations from normal values in M-mode echocardiograms were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. TDI data were compared to normal values using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. RESULTS: By standard M-mode echocardiography the most significant findings were diastolic dilation of the left ventricle, thinner interventricular septum (IVS), decreased left ventricular mass (LVM) in females, follow-up dependent dilation of the left ventricle in systole and follow-up dependent decrease in ejection fraction (EF). TDI abnormalities included signs of early @entity67 and @entity1283 , and were also found in structures that appeared normal by M-mode echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the growing evidence that even low to moderate doses of @entity8253 might lead to progressive @entity299 . It is important that @entity1 treated with @entity8253 receive life long follow-up for signs of @entity296 .

title: Late cardiac effects of XXXX containing therapy for childhood @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of myocardial viability based on wall-motion scoring (WMS) during @entity452 echocardiography ( @entity8653 ) is difficult and subjective. Strain-rate imaging (SRI) is quantitative, but its incremental value over WMS for prediction of functional recovery after revascularization is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity8653 and SRI were performed in 55 stable @entity1 (mean age, 64+/-10 years; mean ejection fraction, 36+/-8%) with previous myocardial infarction. Viability was predicted by WMS if function augmented during low-dose @entity8653 . SR, end-systolic strain (ESS), postsystolic strain (PSS), and timing parameters were analyzed at rest and with low-dose @entity8653 in abnormal segments. Regional and global functional recovery was defined by side-by-side comparison of echocardiographic images before and 9 months after revascularization. Of 369 segments with abnormal resting function, 146 showed regional recovery. Compared with segments showing functional recovery, those that failed to recover had lower low-dose @entity8653 SR, SR increment (DeltaSR), ESS, and ESS increment (DeltaESS) (each P<0.005). After optimal cutoffs for the strain parameters were defined, the sensitivity of low-dose @entity8653 SR (78%, P=0.3), DeltaSR (80%, P=0.1), ESS (75%, P=0.6), and DeltaESS (74%, P=0.8) was better though not significantly different from WMS (73%). The specificity of WMS (77%) was similar to the SRI parameters. Combination of WMS and SRI parameters augmented the sensitivity for prediction of functional recovery above WMS alone (82% versus 73%, P=0.015; area under the curve=0.88 versus 0.73, P<0.001), although specificities were comparable (80% versus 77%, P=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of low-dose @entity8653 SR and DeltaSR is feasible, and their combination with WMS assessment improves the sensitivity of viability assessment with @entity8653 .

title: Incremental value of strain rate analysis as an adjunct to wall-motion scoring for assessment of myocardial viability by XXXX echocardiography: a follow-up study after revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the literature generated on @entity19415 since 1998. RECENT FINDINGS: Acanthamoeba @entity281 may be on the rise. Contact lenses are the biggest risk factor for their development. Silicone hydrogel lenses are increasingly prescribed and may be 'more sticky' to Acanthamoeba organisms. Orthokeratology for the treatment of @entity1714 has been associated with many new cases of @entity19415 . Daily disposable contact lenses are the safest form of soft contact lens. @entity1 continue to be misdiagnosed as having @entity1034 . Impression cytology and confocal microscopy are newer diagnostic modalities. Topical @entity24815 , @entity1216 and @entity25913 are the mainstay of medical therapy. Amniotic membrane may be used for cases of persistent epithelial defect and to control @entity32 . Penetrating keratoplasty in a medically treated eye affords a good chance of positive outcome. SUMMARY: @entity19415 continues to be a difficult @entity281 to diagnose and manage. The frequency of these @entity281 may be on the rise, most commonly associated with frequent replacement soft contact lenses. The best chance for a good outcome is based on early diagnosis, so it is important for ophthalmologists consider it in @entity1 , especially in the contact lens wearer with suspected @entity1034 .

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis', 'herpes simplex keratitis']

entities_list: @entity24815 :: ('MESH:C031233', 'Chemical') :: ['polyhexamethylene biguanide']

entities_list: @entity25913 :: ('MESH:C005555', 'Chemical') :: ['propamidine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with a newly acquired systolic murmur and severe @entity299 following a recent @entity583 (27 with an anterior and 23 with an inferior @entity1188 ) were studied by a combination of two-dimensional echocardiography, spectral Doppler and Doppler color flow mapping. The initial ultrasound study defined a @entity9009 in 43 @entity1 and severe isolated @entity339 in 7 @entity1 (5 with @entity121 and 2 with severe @entity121 ). All 50 @entity1 had subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis by either cardiac catheterization or surgical inspection, or both. Two-dimensional echocardiography alone directly visualized a @entity1757 in only 17 (40%) of the 43 @entity1 with @entity9009 . In all 43 @entity1 the mitral valve appeared normal on imaging. In six of the seven @entity1 with isolated @entity339 , two-dimensional echocardiography correctly demonstrated the structural abnormality of the mitral valve (five with flail anterior leaflet and one with posterior leaflet prolapse). The addition of Doppler color flow mapping greatly improved the diagnostic information in both @entity1 groups. In all 43 @entity1 with @entity9009 , Doppler color flow mapping demonstrated both an area of turbulent transseptal flow and a diagnostic systolic flow disturbance within the right ventricle. In the seven @entity1 with isolated @entity121 or dysfunction, Doppler color flow mapping not only demonstrated the presence of @entity339 in all cases, but also identified the specific @entity854 by defining the direction of the regurgitant jet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Doppler color flow mapping in the diagnosis of XXXX and @entity339 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal rupture']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mitral leaflet abnormality']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle rupture', 'papillary muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal rupture']