abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on improved clinical outcomes in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) the FDA and EMA have approved bevacizumab with interferon, @entity2240 , and @entity6219 in the first-line treatment of low to intermediate risk metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). However, there is little comparative data to help in choosing the most effective drug among these agents. METHODS: We performed an indirect comparative effectiveness analysis of the pivotal RCTs of bevacizumab with interferon, @entity2240 , or @entity6219 compared to one another or interferon alone in first-line treatment of metastatic or advanced @entity1358 . Endpoints of interest were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival (PFS), and response rate (RR). Adverse events were also examined. RESULTS: The meta-estimate of the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity1349 for bevacizumab with interferon vs. interferon alone was 0.86 (0.76-0.97), for @entity2240 vs. interferon alone was 0.82 (0.67-1.00), for @entity6219 vs. interferon alone was 0.74 (0.57-0.97), for @entity2240 vs. bevacizumab with interferon was 0.95 (0.75-1.20), for @entity6219 vs. bevacizumab with interferon was 0.86 (0.64-1.16), and for @entity6219 vs. @entity2240 was 0.91 (0.76-1.08). Similarly, bevacizumab with interferon, @entity2240 , or @entity6219 had better PFS and RR than interferon alone. @entity2240 and @entity6219 had better RR than bevacizumab with interferon and there was suggestive evidence @entity6219 may outperform @entity2240 in terms of RR. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab with interferon, @entity2240 , and @entity6219 are adequate first-line options in treatment of mRCC. Interferon alone should not be considered an optimal first-line treatment.

title: Comparative effectiveness of approved first-line anti-angiogenic and molecularly targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of good and intermediate risk metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To assess the post-operative outcome after single-level @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) for @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: While there is a plethora of literature on @entity1347 following traditional arthrodesis techniques, literature on @entity1347 following @entity2649 is limited. Vice versa, the surgical outcome after @entity2649 for the treatment of @entity1347 remains to be elucidated. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent single-level @entity2649 for @entity1347 at two institutions (03/2006-04/2012) were included, and the medical records, operative reports, radiographic imaging studies, and office records reviewed. RESULTS: Out of 523 @entity2649 @entity1 , 52 met the inclusion criteria, and were post-operatively followed for 16.1  9.8 months (range: 5-44). When comparing the pre-operative data with both the first and most recent follow-up postoperatively, @entity2649 resulted in a @entity615 (p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively) and @entity158 (p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively), increase in segmental @entity1515 (p=0.003, and p=0.014, respectively), decrease in segmental coronal angulation (p<0.001, and p=0.003, respectively), and increase in intervertebral height (p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively) at the surgical level. The reoperation rate related to the @entity2649 procedure was 21.2% (11/52), which was performed after an average of 14.6  10.1 months (range: 3.3-31.0). Eight out of 11 @entity1 (72.7%) in the reoperation sub-group underwent standalone @entity2649 , whereas only 23 out of 41 @entity1 (56.1%) without a reoperation underwent standalone @entity2649 (p=0.491). There was a trend towards a higher fusion rate in @entity1 who underwent circumferential fusion compared to the standalone sub-group (87.5% vs. 53.8%; p=0.173). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2649 may be an effective surgical treatment option for @entity1347 with regard to both the clinical and radiographic outcome in a large proportion of cases. Although standalone @entity2649 is associated with a narrower spectrum of adverse effects compared to circumferential fusion, posterior instrumentation may be necessary to increase segmental stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Single-level Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of XXXX : A Retrospective Two-center Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lateral lumbar interbody fusion', 'LLIF']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment disease', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in back pain']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Adjacent Segment Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to define and identify drivers of trends in cost and use of targeted therapeutics among privately insured nonelderly @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy between 2001 and 2011. METHODS: We classified oncology drugs as targeted oral anticancer medications, targeted intravenous anticancer medications, and all others. Using the LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database, we studied and disaggregated trends in use and in insurance and out-of-pocket payments per @entity1 per month and during the first year of chemotherapy. RESULTS: We found a large increase in the use of targeted intravenous anticancer medications and a gradual increase in targeted oral anticancer medications; targeted therapies accounted for 63% of all chemotherapy expenditures in 2011. Insurance payments per @entity1 per month and in the first year of chemotherapy for targeted oral anticancer medications more than doubled in 10 years, surpassing payments for targeted intravenous anticancer medications, which remained fairly constant throughout. Substitution toward targeted therapies and growth in drug prices both at launch and postlaunch contributed to payer spending growth. Out-of-pocket spending for targeted oral anticancer medications was  <= half of the amount for targeted intravenous anticancer medications. CONCLUSION: Targeted therapies now dominate anticancer drug spending. More aggressive management of pharmacy benefits for targeted oral anticancer medications and payment reform for injectable drugs hold promise. Restraining the rapid rise in spending will require more than current oral drug parity laws, such as value-based insurance that makes the benefits and costs transparent and involves the @entity1 directly in the choice of treatment.

title: Trends in the Cost and Use of Targeted XXXX Therapies for the Privately Insured Nonelderly: 2001 to 2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Thyroid hormones are essential to maintain normal function of many systems including the cardiovascular system. Their @entity942 may upset @entity1 body homeostasis. @entity1378 leads to cardiovascular system's hyperdynamic status which is characterized by @entity591 , increased difference between systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, significant increase of the @entity64 volume and improvement of the left ventricular diastolic function. Long-lasting @entity2743 in @entity1 with @entity299 may result in @entity955 , @entity951 or @entity712 . @entity1375 leads to hemodynamic disturbances which are quite different than those observed in @entity1378 , but cardiac symptoms are scant in clinical practice. @entity1375 's clinical significance is limited to @entity731 progression and intensification of ischaemic @entity299 . Both leads to symptomatic @entity65 or its deterioration. We should emphasize that cardiovascular system dysfunction associated with @entity132 subsides when euthyreosis is restored. It sounds promising that there are reports suggesting a potential advantage of thyroxin treatment in @entity1 with acute or chronic @entity65 . These hypotheses result from the observations that @entity299 in @entity1375 is similar to that observed in @entity712 .

title: [Thyrometabolic disorders and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['thyrometabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'heart disease symptoms', 'heart dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular system diseases', 'cardiovascular system failure']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['excess or deficiency']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neutrophils to synthesize and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are regulated at both the transcriptional and translational level. We reported previously that neutrophils stimulated with LPS induce expression of genes typically expressed in response to stimulation with antiviral type I interferons (IFN), such as @entity13434 ( @entity13434 ). However, we present evidence that this response of neutrophils to lipopolysaccharide occurs in the absence of interferon-dependent signaling. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils do not phosphorylate the interferon-associated transcription factors @entity24779 , and medium from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells was unable to induce @entity13434 gene expression, suggesting a soluble factor is not involved. Furthermore, LPS did not alter expression of @entity3027 and @entity2391 genes. In contrast to neutrophils, LPS-stimulated @entity1 monocyte-derived macrophages induced the expression of @entity13434 , but @entity2391 was induced, and medium from LPS-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages supported @entity13434 induction. An inhibitor of @entity1435 kinase blocked induction of @entity13434 by lipopolysaccharide, but not @entity3027 , in neutrophils, and induction of @entity13434 was dependent on protein synthesis. LPS, but not @entity3027 , substantially activated @entity1435 . In contrast, the induction of @entity13434 by LPS in monocyte-derived macrophages was insensitive to @entity1435 inhibition, although @entity1435 is phosphorylated in LPS-stimulated but not @entity3027 -stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages. The expression of @entity13434 in neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages is mediated by @entity2939 but not @entity2938 . The data presented here indicate that lipopolysaccharide activates novel interferon-independent signaling pathways in neutrophils and that induction of antiviral genes is a consequence of exposure of neutrophils to bacterial products.

title: Lipopolysaccharide stimulates XXXX -dependent induction of antiviral genes in neutrophils independently of paracrine factors.

entities_list: @entity24779 :: ('6772;6774', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and -3']

entities_list: @entity13434 :: ('4599', 'Gene') :: ['myxovirus resistance-1', 'MX1']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The ability of @entity5 to evade the immune system is one of @entity5 hallmarks. In @entity0 , it has been demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2(+)/ epidermal growth factor receptor(+) ( @entity4873 (+)/ @entity35153 (+)) status might influence @entity5 microenvironment allowing escape of @entity5 cells to the immune system. This topic is unknown in @entity235 @entity5 (CMT). Therefore, the potential relationship between CD3(+) T-lymphocytes and concurrent @entity4873 / @entity35153 expression was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded malignant CMT samples (n=63) were submitted to immunohistochemical staining to detect CD3, @entity4873 and @entity35153 . RESULTS: Tumoral CD3(+) T-lymphocytes were significantly associated with tubular differentiation grade (p=0.006), @entity5 @entity39 (p=0.025), histological grade of @entity5 (p=0.027) and presence of lymph node @entity3 (p=0.009). A correlation between @entity4873 and @entity35153 was observed (r=0.741, p<0.0001). The @entity4873 (+)/ @entity35153 (+) group was associated with @entity5 size (p=0.002), mitotic index (p=0.019), histological grade of @entity5 (p=0.035) and presence of lymph node @entity3 (p=0.041). CD3(+) T-lymphocytes and @entity4873 / @entity35153 groups were significantly associated (p=0.025) and positively correlated (r=0.399; p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the @entity4873 (+)/ @entity35153 (+) status may be part of a strategy adopted by @entity5 cells to evade the @entity5 -specific immune responses.

title: Positive Interplay Between CD3+ T-lymphocytes and Concurrent @entity4873 / XXXX Expression in @entity235 Malignant Mammary Tumors.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cytotoxic tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity35153 :: (404306(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity291 colostrum is a rich source of nutrients, antibodies and growth factors. AIM: To examine the efficacy of colostrum enemas in the treatment of @entity1960 using a randomized, double-blind, controlled protocol. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (eight female), with a mean age of 45 years (range, 16-75 years) and mild to moderately severe @entity1960 (Powell-Tuck scoring system), received colostrum enema (100 mL of 10% solution) or placebo (albumin solution) b.d. for 4 weeks. Both groups also received @entity2983 (1.6 g/day) or, if already taking it, had a dose increment of 1.6 g/day. Disease activity was documented at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the colostrum group showed a mean reduction in symptom score of - 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), - 5.4 to - 0.3), whereas the placebo group showed a mean response of + 0.5 (95% CI, - 2.4 to +3.4). The histological score improved in five of the eight @entity1 in the colostrum group (mean response, - 0.9; 95% CI, - 1.69 to - 0.03), whereas the histological scores only improved in two of the six @entity1 in the placebo group (mean response, 0.2; 95% CI, - 2.4 to +2.6). CONCLUSIONS: @entity291 colostrum enema shows potential as a novel therapy for left-sided @entity1960 with additional benefits over using @entity2983 alone. Further studies appear to be warranted.

title: Use of the 'nutriceutical', XXXX colostrum, for the treatment of @entity1960 : results from an initial study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated a novel immunosuppressive protocol including thymoglobulin induction in combination with @entity3446 and @entity288 , followed by introduction of markedly reduced exposures to @entity205 to prevent pancreas-transplant rejection. METHODS: A 7-day course of thymoglobulin (1.5 mg/kg per day) was begun on postoperative day (POD) 0, together with 15 mg of @entity3446 on @entity773 , and followed by 5 mg per day, targeting these doses to achieve a trough of 10 to 20 ng/mL. When the serum @entity1011 was below 2.5 mg/dL, @entity205 was introduced at 50 mg twice daily with dose adjustment to maintain a trough concentration of 100 to 125 ng/mL. RESULTS: The 18 @entity1 included 14 simultaneous @entity8 . Two @entity1 were African-American, three @entity1 had a pretransplant panel reactive antibody greater than 20%, and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch was 4.5+/-1 (mean+/-standard deviation). With a mean follow-up of 13.6+/-4.7 months, @entity1 , kidney, and pancreas graft survivals are 100%, 100%, and 94%, respectively. A single pancreas graft was lost to @entity715 . There were no acute rejection episodes and no @entity1292 . Mean hospital stay was 9+/-3 days. At 3 months posttransplantation, the mean value of serum @entity1011 was 1.2+/-0.3 mg/dL, fasting @entity413 was 88+/-15 mg/dL, and @entity3446 dose at month 3 was 6.3+/-3 mg per day and at month 12 2.7+/-1 mg per day. The average total daily @entity205 dose at month 3 was 208+/-62 mg per day and 133+/-13 mg per day at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: This immunosuppressive regimen provided excellent prophylaxis against acute rejection with no @entity1292 . We believe that careful monitoring of @entity3446 and @entity205 levels was critical to success of this protocol.

title: Thymoglobulin, @entity3446 , and reduced-dose XXXX provides excellent rejection prophylaxis for pancreas transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney and 4 pancreas-after-kidney transplant recipients']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry provides the definitive measure of @entity3604 risk. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether metabolic measures of bone formation and/or common features of clinical hypercortisonism provide a useful guide in selecting corticosteroid-treated @entity748 @entity1 for referral for bone densitometry. METHODS: We measured bone density and 8 AM serum osteocalcin, procollagen, and @entity701 levels in 52 @entity748 adults aged 60.7 +/- 12.6 years (mean +/- SD). Years of @entity134 exposure for these @entity1 was 11.8 +/- 10.7 ( @entity229 ) and 11.78 +/- 4.98 (inhaled @entity134 ). Using stepwise logistic regression, we assessed the capacity of the osteocalcin and procollagen levels, with or without the @entity701 level, age, clinical features of hypercortisonism, and different lifetime exposures to inhaled and oral @entity230 for distinguishing between @entity1 with greater or lesser risk of @entity174 . RESULTS: @entity170 , defined as a bone density T score below -2.5, affected 26% of the group at the spine and 63% at the hip. At the spine, greater risk was associated only with lower @entity701 levels (P =.003). Diagnostic accuracy was 71%, the false-positive rate was 26%, and the false-negative rate was 31%. At the hip, greater risk was associated with lower @entity701 levels (P =.002), longer @entity229 exposure, (P =.003), lower current doses of @entity229 (P =.01) and inhaled @entity134 (P =.02), and older age (P =.01). Diagnostic accuracy was 83%, the false-positive rate was 13%, and the false-negative rate was 21%. CONCLUSIONS: Neither osteocalcin nor procollagen nor any of the clinical criteria analyzed proved sufficiently accurate to be reliable as indicators of the risk of @entity174 in these elderly, @entity228 -treated @entity748 adults. They are therefore not useful for selecting such @entity1 for diagnostic densitometry.

title: Serum osteocalcin and procollagen as markers for the risk of XXXX in corticosteroid-treated @entity748 adults.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between changes in intracranial pressure and incidence of subclinical @entity410 in @entity1 requiring neurological intensive care is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate if acute increases in intracranial pressure were accompanied by subclinical @entity410 . METHODS: We prospectively studied 17 intensive care @entity1 (11 male, aged 3-66 yr) who were selected from 85 @entity1 requiring intracranial pressure measurement. @entity1 were selected to have a 30 min, 16-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded when intracranial pressure remained increased despite preliminary treatments. RESULTS: Diagnoses included @entity542 , @entity932 , @entity510 and @entity50 . All @entity1 had at least one acute episode of @entity428 . Pressures ranged from 90 to 440 mm @entity2507 . Encephalopathic features (delta/theta rhythms and burst suppression) were noted on all EEGs. No @entity410 activity was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from this pilot study that @entity410 are an uncommon cause of acute @entity428 . To determine whether @entity428 causes @entity410 , long-term monitoring in a large cohort of intensive care @entity1 would be necessary, studying @entity1 with similar diagnoses and ages.

title: XXXX and @entity410 in the neurological intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial pressure increase', 'raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['Raised intracranial pressure']


abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator synthesized by activated inflammatory and endothelial cells. Recently PAF has been shown to contribute to neoangiogenesis in several experimental models. Here we evaluated the presence of PAF and its potential role in neovascularization within @entity1 @entity731 . The amount of PAF extracted from 18 carotid plaques (266.65+/-40.07 pg/100 mg dry tissue; mean +/- SE) was significantly higher than that extracted from 18 normal arterial specimens (6 from carotid artery and 12 from aorta) (4.72+/-2.31 pg/100 mg dry tissue; mean +/- SE). The levels of PAF significantly correlated with the infiltration of @entity469 -positive monocytes and the extent of neovascularization, detected as @entity2880 Factor-positive cells. The amount of PAF also correlated with the area occupied by @entity310 -expressing cells. The absence of enhanced level of PAF in the circulation of @entity731 @entity1 suggests a local production of this mediator within the plaque. The lipid extracts of @entity731 containing high levels of PAF-bioactivity, but not those of control arteries, were angiogenic in a @entity19 Matrigel model. @entity18209 , a specific PAF receptor antagonist, significantly prevented @entity7499 induced by the lipid extracts of @entity731 . Our results indicate a local production of PAF within the @entity731 and suggest that it may contribute to intra-plaque neoangiogenesis.

title: Intra-plaque production of platelet-activating factor correlates with neoangiogenesis in XXXX carotid atherosclerotic lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the DS @entity702 Ligation @entity23396 for @entity2055 closure in laparoscopic appendectomy. METHODS: Overall, 502 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were recruited for this observational multicentre study in nine study centres between October 2011 and July 2013. The @entity23396 was finally applied in 390 @entity1 . Primary outcome variables were feasibility of the @entity23396 , intra-abdominal surgical site (abscesses, stump leakages) and @entity2737 . @entity1 were followed 30  days after surgery. RESULTS: The @entity23396 was applicable in nearly 80  % of @entity1 . Reasons for not applying the @entity23396 were mainly an inflamed caecum or a too large diameter of the appendix base. @entity2737 were found in nine (2.31  %), @entity6177 in five (1.28  %), @entity2055 leak in one (0.26  %), and other adverse events in 22 (5.64  %) @entity1 . In total, 12 (3.08  %) @entity1 were re-admitted to hospital for treatment. Seven re-admissions were surgery-related; ten (2.56  %) @entity1 had to be re-operated. One @entity1 died during the course of the study due to persisting @entity298 (mortality 0.26  %). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the DS @entity702 Ligation @entity23396 is a safe and effective option in securing the @entity2055 in laparoscopic appendectomy. The complication rates found with the use of the DS- @entity23396 are comparable to the rates in the literature when other methods are used. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01734837 .

title: The TICAP-Study ( @entity702 clips for XXXX closure): A prospective multicentre observational study on @entity2055 closure with an innovative @entity702 @entity23396 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial wound infections', 'superficial wound infections']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular stump']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['appendicular stump']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine whether olestra alters the absorption of @entity205 microemulsion in pediatric renal transplant recipients. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic study. SETTING: General clinical research center in a university medical setting providing tertiary care. @entity1 : Seven pediatric-adolescent renal transplant recipients, ages 9 to 18, 5 to 24 months post-transplant with mean serum @entity1011 of 0.9 mg/dL (range, 0.7-1.6 mg/dL). METHODOLOGY: @entity1 participated in 2 study periods: 1. @entity1 were given their usual dose of Neoral (Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ) without olestra, 2. @entity1 were given their usual dose of Neoral combined with 0.35 g/kg (maximum of 16 g of olestra or approximately 2 ounces of Lays WOW [Frito Lay, Plano, TX] @entity415 chips). The 2 study periods were separated by a minimum 7-day washout period. CsA blood concentrations were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after drug administration. RESULTS: Each @entity1 in the study had a consistent decrease in area under the curve (AUC) when given olestra along with their usual dose of Neoral, compared with giving Neoral alone (5,018 ng*hr/mL versus 4,086 ng*hr/mL; P <.001). There also was a decrease in maximum concentration (Cmax) when Neoral was given with olestra compared with giving Neoral alone (1,202 ng/mL versus 876 ng/mL; P =.015). There was no statistical difference in the mean elimination rate or the trough values for both regimens (half-life 4.767 hours versus 4.771 hours and trough levels of 143 ng/mL versus 124 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: Olestra decreases total @entity870 exposure in pediatric renal transplant recipients. The noted decrease in AUC was not adequately predicted by CsA trough values which could lead to rejection episodes in the clinical setting.

title: Modifications in XXXX (CsA) microemulsion blood concentrations by olestra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of @entity308 and @entity148 in young adulthood. DESIGN: Seven wave cohort study over six years. SETTING: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. @entity1 : A statewide secondary school sample of 1601 students aged 14-15 followed for seven years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Interview measure of @entity308 and @entity148 (revised clinical interview schedule) at wave 7. RESULTS: Some 60% of @entity1 had used cannabis by the age of 20; 7% were daily users at that point. Daily use in young @entity1 was associated with an over fivefold increase in the odds of reporting a state of @entity308 and @entity148 after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 12). Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for @entity308 and @entity148 (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, @entity308 and @entity148 in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent cannabis use in teenage @entity1 predicts @entity308 and @entity148 , with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted.

title: Cannabis use and mental health in young XXXX : cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['later depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Malignant cell contamination in autologous transplants is a potential origin of @entity5 relapse. Ex vivo expansion of @entity2280 (+) blood progenitor cells (BPC) has been proposed as a tool to eliminate @entity5 cells from autografts. To characterize the influence of culture conditions on survival, growth, and clonogenicity of malignant cells, we isolated primary @entity189 cells from pleural effusions and @entity843 of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 and cultured them in the presence of @entity6826 ( @entity6826 ), @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity2772 , @entity650 , and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), ie, conditions previously shown to allow efficient ex vivo expansion of @entity2280 (+) BPC. In the presence of serum, @entity5 cells proliferated during a 7-day culture period and no significant growth-modulatory effect was attributable to the presence of @entity1583 growth factors. When @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) was added to these cultures, proliferation of @entity0 cells was reduced. Expansion of clonogenic @entity5 cells was seen in the presence of @entity6826 + @entity1356 + @entity2772 + @entity650 + @entity1307 , but was suppressed by @entity2533 . Cocultures of @entity5 cells in direct cellular contact with @entity1583 cells showed that @entity5 cell growth could be stimulated by ex vivo expanded @entity1583 cells at high cell densities (5 x 10(5)/mL). In contrast, culture under serum-free conditions resulted in death of greater than 90% of @entity0 cells within 7 days and a further decrease in @entity5 cell numbers thereafter. In the serum-free cultures, @entity1583 cytokines and cellular contact with @entity2280 (+) BPC could not protect the @entity5 cells from death. Therefore, ex vivo expansion of @entity2280 (+) BPC in serum-free medium provides an environment for efficient purging of contaminating @entity189 cells. These results have clinical significance for future protocols in autologous progenitor cell transplantation in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Proliferation and survival of @entity189 cells are influenced by culture conditions used for ex vivo expansion of XXXX (+) blood progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate what weight management interventions work for @entity1 , with which @entity1 , and under what circumstances. DESIGN: Realist synthesis of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: Sensitive searches of 11 electronic databases from 1990 to 2012 supplemented by grey literature searches. STUDY SELECTION: Studies published between 1990 and 2012 reporting qualitative research with @entity28 @entity1 , or @entity28 @entity1 in contrast to @entity28 @entity1 and lifestyle or drug weight management were included. The studies included @entity1 aged 16   years or over, with no upper age limit, with a mean or median body mass index of 30   kg/m(2) in all settings. RESULTS: 22 studies were identified, including 5 qualitative studies linked to randomised controlled trials of weight maintenance interventions and 8 qualitative studies linked to non-randomised intervention studies, and 9 relevant UK-based qualitative studies not linked to any intervention. Health concerns and the perception that certain programmes had 'worked' for other @entity1 were the key factors that motivated @entity1 to engage with weight management programmes. Barriers to engagement and adherence with programmes included: @entity1 not problematising their weight until labelled ' @entity28 '; a lack of support for new food choices by friends and family, and reluctance to undertake extreme dieting. Retaining some autonomy over what is eaten; flexibility about treats and @entity285 , and a focus on physical activity were attractive features of programmes. Group interventions, humour and social support facilitated attendance and adherence. @entity1 were motivated to attend programmes in settings that were convenient, non-threatening and congruent with their masculine identities, but @entity1 were seldom involved in programme design. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 's perspectives and preferences within the wider context of family, work and pleasure should be sought when designing weight management services. Qualitative research is needed with @entity1 to inform all aspects of intervention design, including the setting, optimal recruitment processes and strategies to minimise attrition.

title: A qualitative evidence synthesis on the management of male XXXX .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency and outcome of @entity548 ( @entity548 ) after @entity64 in @entity1 treated with non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 on treatment with a NOAC were prospectively enrolled in this multicentre observational study between February 2012 and 2015. Brain imaging at admission and follow-up imaging until day 7 were reviewed for @entity548 . Functional outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) before the index event, at discharge, and at 3-months. RESULTS: 231 @entity1 without recanalisation therapy (no- @entity138 ), and 32 @entity1 with @entity138 were eligible for analysis. Any @entity548 was present at admission in 9/231 no- @entity138 @entity1 (3.9%, 95% CI 2.0 to 7.3) and in none of the @entity1 with @entity138 . In @entity1 with follow-up imaging (no- @entity138 , n=129, and @entity138 , n=32), @entity548 was present in 14.0% (no- @entity138 ; 95% CI, 8.9 to 21.1), and 40.6% ( @entity138 , 95% CI, 25.5 to 57.8), respectively. After adjustment for @entity64 severity, this difference between the no- @entity138 and @entity138 groups became non-significant. Symptomatic ICH was observed in 1 @entity1 per group. @entity548 was not associated with unfavourable outcome (mRS 3-6) at 3-months in multivariable analysis. Resumption of OAC after @entity64 was delayed in @entity1 with @entity548 compared to those without (15 d [IQR, 5-26] vs. 1 d [0-4], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and severity of @entity548 after @entity64 on NOAC appears similar to previous reports for @entity2067 antagonists and no anticoagulation. Whether asymptomatic @entity548 should delay resumption of preventive anticoagulation requires further investigation.

title: @entity548 after XXXX in @entity1 Taking Non- @entity2067 Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'haemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adding single doses of @entity2756 and @entity4509 to a @entity2177 plus @entity868 regimen on the reduction of @entity166 following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS Bx). Materials and Methods. Four hundred and fifty @entity1 who were candidates for TRUS Bx were divided into two groups of 225 each. The control group received @entity2177 500   mg orally every 12 hours together with @entity868 500   mg orally every 8 hours from the day prior to the procedure until the fifth postoperative day. In the second group, single doses of @entity2756 1   g by intravenous infusion and @entity4509 5   mg/kg intramuscularly were administered 30-60 minutes before TRUS Bx in addition to the oral antimicrobials described for group 1. The incidence of @entity281 was compared between the groups. Results. The incidence of @entity166 in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (4.6% versus 0.9%, p = 0.017). Conclusion. The addition of single doses of intramuscular @entity4509 and intravenously infused @entity2756 to our prophylactic regimen of @entity2177 plus @entity868 resulted in a statistically significant reduction of @entity166 following TRUS Bx.

title: Addition of @entity2756 and XXXX to a @entity2177 plus @entity868 Regimen for Preventing Infectious Complications of Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['Amikacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although not very frequent, @entity323 ( @entity323 ) in @entity1 younger than 40 years represents a disease to be kept in mind in our sanitary area. We propose a study of the various risk factors identified in this population group. METHODS: We studied a total of 736 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity323 following our protocol, using as inclusion criteria being between 19 and 40 years of age. In this group, we have studied the incidence of various risk factors associated with the disease both globally and dividing the group into age subgroups also. RESULTS: Overall, we have diagnosed 64 @entity1 with @entity323 under the age of 40 years (8.7%). 25 of these @entity1 were classified as psychogenic origin dysfunctions (39%), 26 organic (40.7%), and 13 of mixed origin (20.3%). Age subgroups analysis shows: between 19 and 25 years: 7 psychogenic, 2 mixed, and 5 organic; between 26 and 30: 1 psychogenic, 2 mixed, and 3 organic; between 31 and 35: 7 psychogenic, 3 mixed, and 8 organic; between 36 and 40: 11 psychogenic, 6 mixed, and 9 organic. We identified as risk factors, in order of prevalence: psychogenic (47%), @entity6 (14.6%), cardiovascular (9.7%), toxic- @entity167 , @entity286 , and drugs--(12.1%), neurogenic (4.8%), and others (7.3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity323 under the age of 40 years causes a growing demand of medical care day by day, mainly due to the increasing prevalence of its etiologic factors. As other publications have shown psychogenic factors are the most frequently associated with the disease in younger @entity1 globally, although when dividing by age groups we found different results than other publications in terms of association with various risk factors.

title: [ XXXX in those under 40. Etiological and contributing factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Preventing massive cell death is an important therapeutic strategy for various @entity66 . Protein therapeutics have the advantage of delivering proteins in a short period. We have engineered the antiapoptotic @entity1836 gene to generate the super antiapoptotic factor, @entity17861 , with a more powerful cytoprotective activity. In this study, we fused the protein transduction domain (PTD) of the HIVTat protein to @entity17861 and used the construct in an animal model of @entity2806 . When added into culture media of @entity1 @entity521 cells and @entity35 neocortical neurons, PTD- @entity17861 rapidly transduced into cells and localized to mitochondria within 1 h. It protected the @entity521 and neurons against @entity866 -induced apoptosis and @entity2227 -induced excitotoxicity, respectively. The cytoprotective activity of PTD- @entity17861 was found at concentrations as low as 0.3 pM. Additionally, PTD- @entity17861 affected the cytosolic movement of @entity460 ions, which may relate to its neuroprotective action. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that myc-tagged PTD- @entity17861 (PTD-myc- @entity17861 ) injected i.p. into @entity19 can have access into brain neurons. When injected i.p. into gerbils, PTD- @entity17861 prevented delayed @entity528 in the hippocampus caused by transient global @entity63 . These results suggest that PTD- @entity17861 has a potential for clinical utility as a protein therapeutic strategy to prevent cell death in the brain.

title: Protection against XXXX by protein therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injuries and disorders']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urgent surgical debridement of @entity174 is of paramount importance for prevention of subsequent infection. Due to limited information on the timing of this surgical procedure in Mwanza, Tanzania; the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early versus delayed surgical debridement on the outcome of @entity174 . METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving 143 @entity1 with @entity174 admitted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) between December 2014 and April 2015 was conducted. @entity1 were stratified into two main groups basing on whether they presented at BMC and operated early (within 6  h) or late (more than 6  h). Socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using structured questionnaire. Analysis was done using STATA software version 11. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.6: 1, with most of the @entity1 being in their third decade of life (30.8  %). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of @entity174 (67.8  %). Majority of @entity1 , 91 (63.6  %) had Gustillo-Anderson grade II and the timing of debridement was significantly associated with this grading (p-value   =   0.05). Nine (6.3  %) @entity1 developed @entity281 ( @entity281 ) and the median length of hospital stay (LOS) (interquartile range) was 7 (5-10) days, ranging from 3 to 35  days. @entity281 was found more in the late group compared to the early group [7.5  % (6/80) versus 4.8  % (3/63) respectively, p-value   =   0.503)] and LOS was also longer in the late group compared to the early group [7 (6-11.5) days and 6 (5-10) days respectively, p-value   =   0.06]. @entity796 was the predominant bacteria causing @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Open long bone @entity174 due to RTA are common at BMC. The risk of developing @entity281 in this setting is low and comparable to many other countries. Despite the fact that there was no statistical significant difference between early versus delayed debrided groups on @entity281 and LOS stays; the need for prompt surgical intervention in both groups should be an enduring focus to maintain these favorable outcomes.

title: The effect of early versus delayed surgical debridement on the outcome of XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture injuries', 'open long bone fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['open long bone fractures']


abstract: @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is a severe @entity4977 associated with an enhanced risk to develop @entity65 later in life, with @entity731 beginning already in childhood. These are facts which make an early diagnosis and therapy necessary to prevent or delay such complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity3413 , a potent @entity2453 reductase inhibitor, in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity4310 . Therefore, 20 @entity1 and adolescents (12 females, 8 males) aged between 10 and 17 years with @entity4310 were recruited for this 1-year @entity3413 study. According to baseline levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, @entity1 and @entity1 were divided into two groups, one group (with @entity11429 <220 mg/dl) starting with a @entity3413 dosage of 5 mg/day, the other (with @entity11429 >220 mg/dl) 10 mg/day with the possibility to increase dosages up to a daily maximum of 20 mg, if not reaching @entity11429 concentrations of <170 mg/dl within the first period. Every 4-8 weeks, weight, height, lipids, Lp(a) and routine safety parameters of all @entity1 were determined by a paediatrician, documenting exactly all side-effects. The percentage decrease was 25% for @entity11429 in the 5 mg @entity3413 period (19% for total @entity165 (tChol)), 30% for @entity11429 in the 10 mg period (26% for tChol) and 36% decrease for @entity11429 in the 20 mg period (29% for tChol). The changes for high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C were -5.9% (5 mg), +2.9% (10 mg) and -10.9% (20 mg) the percentage decrease in @entity1674 was 12.6% (5 mg), 14.3% (10 mg) and 21% (20 mg). The side-effects of @entity3413 were of no clinical relevance and all disappeared after a couple of days. CONCLUSION: our results showed that @entity3413 seems to be an effective and safe medical therapy even in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity4310 .

title: The effect of low-dose XXXX in @entity1 with @entity4310 : a 1-year observation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of lipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Familial hypercholesterolaemia', 'familial hypercholesterolaemia', 'FH']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: We report the history of a 14-year-old @entity1 with atypical @entity1625 "Gastaut type" whose first generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 was preceded by @entity5330 and followed by a status migrainosus. This status lasted for 3 days despite standard analgesic therapy. An EEG recording revealed an occipital @entity159 during her @entity2704 complaints. Seven minutes after intravenous administration of 10 mg @entity3175 under continuous EEG recording, a suppression of the @entity302 over the right occipital was seen, while the @entity10 subsided 3 min later. After precise questioning about the circumstances that possibly could have led to these events, it appeared that she had played for hours with a play station on the new color TV and she had visited an exhibition of Matisse and Bonnard with bright colors and contrast-rich text. Standardized extensive @entity30634 ( @entity30634 ), 2 days after the status migrainosus, evoked besides asymmetrical right-sided driving, green spots in her left visual field, while in the EEG sharp waves were recorded over the right parietotemporal region. After further @entity30634 with 20 Hz (eye closure), she started complaining of a light pulsating @entity10 right occipitally and in the EEG right parietotemporal sharp-waves were seen. This lasted for about 10 min. Later, an interictal routine EEG was normal except for some theta over the right temporooccipital area. The most likely diagnosis is an atypical form of @entity302 "Gastaut type." We would therefore advocate recording EEGs with photic stimulation in @entity1 with atypical migraneous features.

title: A case with atypical @entity1625 "Gastaut type": an ictal @entity2704 manifestation with a good response to intravenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['childhood occipital epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['occipital epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity30634 :: ('MESH:C535300', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent photic stimulation', 'IPS']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The relationship between change in body weight and risk of @entity174 is inconsistent in epidemiologic studies. In this cohort of middle-aged to elderly Chinese in Singapore, compared to stable weight, @entity353 >= 10  % over an average of 6  years is associated with nearly 40  % increase in risk of @entity173 . INTRODUCTION: Findings on the relationship between change in body weight and risk of @entity173 are inconsistent. In this study, we examined this association among middle-aged and elderly Chinese in Singapore. METHODS: We used prospective data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-74  years at recruitment in 1993-1998. Body weight and height were self-reported at recruitment and reassessed during follow-up interview in 1999-2004. Percent in weight change was computed based on the weight difference over an average of 6  years, and categorized as loss >= 10  %, loss 5 to <10  %, loss or gain <5  % (stable weight), gain 5 to <10  %, and gain >= 10  %. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied with adjustment for risk factors for @entity173 and body mass index (BMI) reported at follow-up interview. RESULTS: About 12  % experienced @entity353 >= 10  %, and another 12  % had @entity1017 >= 10  %. After a mean follow-up of 9.0  years, we identified 775 incident hip @entity174 among 42,149 eligible @entity1 . Compared to stable weight, @entity353 >= 10  % was associated with 39  % increased risk (hazard ratio 1.39; 95  % confidence interval 1.14, 1.69). Such elevated risk with @entity353 >= 10  % was observed in both genders and age groups at follow-up ( <=65 and >65  years) and in those with baseline BMI >= 20  kg/m(2).There was no significant association with @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that substantial @entity353 is an important risk factor for @entity173 among the middle-aged to elderly Chinese.

title: Association between change in body weight after midlife and risk of XXXX -the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity17101 was diagnosed in six nondomestic felids from eastern Tennessee, including two Asian lions (Panthera leo persicus), one African lion (Panthera leo), one Siberian @entity7928 ( @entity7928 ), one @entity26407 ( @entity26407 ), and one @entity38014 ( @entity38014 ). Clinical signs included lethargy, @entity448 , @entity353 , @entity1353 , sneezing. @entity2055 , and paresis. Variable nonspecific changes included @entity491 , monocytosis, moderate left shift of neutrophils, moderate @entity2741 , hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Thoracic radiographs revealed interstitial and alveolar changes, consolidation or collapse of a lung lobe, bullae formation, and a pulmonary mass. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) serology for @entity12266 was performed in five felids and was positive in three. The @entity7928 had cerebral @entity17101 and was positive for AGID serologic tests of both cerebrospinal fluid and serum. One percutaneous lung aspirate in the @entity38014 and one bronchial aspirate in an Asian lion demonstrated @entity12266 organisms. whereas tracheal wash samples and a nasal discharge were nondiagnostic in others. Treatment with @entity2059 was attempted in four @entity468 . The @entity7928 improved before euthanasia, whereas the others did not survive beyond initial treatments. In four felids, @entity12266 was found in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes associated with a florid pyogranulomatous reaction; the @entity7928 had a pyogranulomatous @entity1651 , and the @entity26407 had a single @entity358 . Thoracic radiography, cytologic examination of lung lesion aspirates, and @entity12266 AGID serology should be performed on clinically ill zoo felids in endemic areas to rule out @entity17101 .

title: XXXX in nondomestic felids.

entities_list: @entity26407 :: ('32536', 'Species') :: ['Acinonyx jubatus', 'cheetah']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary granuloma']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis', 'Blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis']

entities_list: @entity7928 :: ('9694', 'Species') :: ['tiger', 'Panthera tigris']

entities_list: @entity38014 :: ('29064', 'Species') :: ['Panthera uncia', 'snow leopard']

answer: @entity17101 :: (MESH:D001759,Disease) :: ['Blastomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity158 and @entity19157 symptoms are common after major thermal @entity130 (MThBI)-requiring tissue autografting. To our knowledge, no prospective longitudinal studies have characterized @entity158 and @entity19157 outcomes after tissue autografting and associations between and functional interference caused by such symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated burn graft site and tissue donor site @entity158 and @entity19157 severity (0 to 10, numeric rating scale) over 1 year among a representative cohort of MThBI survivors (n=96) who received tissue autografting within 14 days of MThBI. RESULTS: Nearly all @entity1 had moderate or severe burn @entity158 at the time of enrollment. Most individuals experienced an @entity2045 burn with donor tissue taken from thigh. Persistent moderate or severe burn graft site @entity158 declined thereafter, but remained common, with 25/90 (28%), 24/77 (31%), and 17/82 (21%) experiencing moderate or severe @entity158 at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Although there was improved function after immediate postinjury decline in all @entity1 , those who had moderate or severe @entity158 showed worse functional outcomes at each timepoint. Significant correlations were present between @entity19157 and @entity158 burden over time at the same site (ie, autograft site r=0.629, P<0.01) and also across sites (ie, autograft and donor site @entity19157 r=0.552, P<0.01). DISCUSSION: @entity158 and @entity19157 are common after MThBI, are temporally and spatially concordant and cause significant impact on daily function. Further studies are needed to better understand @entity158 and @entity19157 symptom pathogenesis after MThBI, to reduce the tremendous suffering and decline.

title: Chronic Pain and @entity19157 are Common, Morbid Sequelae Among Individuals Who Receive Tissue Autograft After Major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Thermal Burn Injury']


abstract: The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries associated with proximal @entity174 remains debatable. Our hypothesis was that MRI over-diagnoses clinically relevant associated soft-tissue injuries. This prospective study involved 50 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for a split- @entity308 @entity174 of the lateral tibial condyle (AO/OTA type B3.1). The mean age of @entity1 was 50 years (23 to 86) and 27  (54%) were female. All @entity1 had MRI and arthroscopy. Arthroscopy identified 12 tears of the lateral meniscus, including eight bucket-handle tears that were sutured and four that were resected, as well as six tears of the medial meniscus, of which five were resected. Lateral @entity130 were diagnosed on MRI in four of 12 @entity1 , yielding an overall sensitivity of 33% (95% confidence interval (CI) 11 to 65). Specificity was 76% (95% CI 59 to 88), with nine tears diagnosed among 38 menisci that did not contain a tear. MRI identified medial @entity130 in four of six @entity1 , yielding an overall sensitivity of 67% (95% CI 24 to 94). Specificity was 66% (95% CI 50 to 79), with 15 tears diagnosed in 44 menisci that did not contain tears. MRI appears to offer only a marginal benefit as the specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing @entity130 are poor in @entity1 with a @entity174 . There were fewer arthroscopically-confirmed associated lesions than reported previously in MRI studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1631-6.

title: The usefulness of MRI and arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of soft-tissue injuries associated with split- XXXX fractures of the lateral tibial condyle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injuries']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Staging systems applied to @entity259 ( @entity259 ) rely on initial clinical and pathological features and do not consider the response to treatment. To determine whether @entity259 staging can be improved by incorporating the first postoperative calcitonin measurement. @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Eighty-five @entity1 being monitored for @entity259 (median follow-up 5  years) were retrospectively classified according to both the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the proposed combined risk stratification system (low, intermediate and high risk), which incorporates the first postoperative calcitonin measurement, using the outcomes no evidence of disease (NED), biochemical evidence of disease, structurally identifiable disease and @entity204 . RESULTS: Ninety per cent of AJCC I @entity1 were classified as NED at final follow-up. When we added a postoperative calcitonin measurement, 95% low-risk @entity1 were classified as NED at final follow-up. AJCC stages I and IV were associated, respectively, with no occurrence and a high rate (63%) of structurally identifiable disease. Stages II and III yielded similar predictions of structurally identifiable disease, 13% and 14%, respectively. When we included the postoperative calcitonin level, the @entity1 with structural evidence of disease included none from the low-risk group, 10% from the intermediate group and 63% from the high-risk group. The proportion of variance explained analysis (PVE) was better for the combined risk stratification system (54%) than for the AJCC system alone (32%). CONCLUSION: Including the first postoperative calcitonin measurement with the anatomical staging system can better predict the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity259 and refine the follow-up of these @entity1 .

title: Integration of a postoperative calcitonin measurement into an anatomical staging system improves initial risk stratification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid cancer']


abstract: Although mosaic @entity2008 are being increasingly detected as part of high-density genotyping studies, the clinical correlates are unclear. From an electronic medical record (EMR)-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) of @entity3657 , log-R-ratio and B-allele-frequency data were used to identify mosaic @entity2008 including copy number variation and loss of heterozygosity. The EMRs of @entity1 with @entity2008 and those without @entity2008 were reviewed to compare clinical characteristics. Among 3336 study @entity1 , 0.75% (n = 25, mean age = 74.8    10.7 years, 64% @entity1 ) had abnormal intensity plots indicative of @entity2008 . A @entity1583 was present in 8 @entity1 (32%), of whom 4 also had a solid organ malignancy while 2 @entity1 had a solid organ malignancy only. In 50 age- and sex-matched @entity1 without @entity2008 , there was a lower rate of @entity1583 (2% vs 32%, P < .001) but not solid organ malignancies (20% vs 24%, P = .69). We also report the clinical characteristics of each @entity1 with the observed @entity2008 . Interestingly, among 5 @entity1 with 20q deletions, 4 had a @entity6961 while all 3 @entity1 in this group had @entity263 . In summary, in a GWAS of 3336 adults, 0.75% had @entity2008 and nearly a third of them had @entity1583 . A potential novel association between 20q deletions, @entity6961 , and @entity263 was also noted.

title: Clinical Correlates of XXXX in an Electronic Medical Record-Linked Genome-Wide Association Study: A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'autosomal chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder', 'myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Autosomal Chromosomal Abnormalities']


abstract: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is accompanied by an increased risk for @entity1031 events in most affected @entity1 . Current guidelines therefore recommend antithrombotic therapy with @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) or non VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in the majority of @entity955 @entity1 . Current @entity955 treatment guidelines recommend that only @entity1 younger than 65 years of age with lone @entity955 , meaning without further concomitant risk factors for @entity1031 events should not be anticoagulated. NOACs, like the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 and the factor X inhibitors @entity3925 , @entity5424 , and @entity14242 have undergone large phase III clinical trials concerning treatment efficacy and @entity548 risk in comparison to the VKA @entity1229 . In most cases, treatment with NOACs has been shown to decrease @entity1031 risk and/or decrease @entity548 risk when compared with @entity1229 . Especially, as major @entity548 like life threatening or intracranial @entity548 are reduced, the question arises, if due to favourable adverse event ratios the indication for oral anticoagulation therapy should be broadened and all @entity1 with diagnosed @entity955 should be anticoagulated. This article gives a review on currently used @entity1031 and @entity548 risk scores. Furthermore, the impact of NOAC therapy on @entity64 and @entity548 risk is summarized, especially taking pharmacological interactions of NOAC therapy altering @entity1031 or @entity548 risk into consideration. Differences of currently available guidelines are discussed. Finally, ongoing recent studies on treatment of low risk @entity1 are debated.

title: The Impact of Novel Anticoagulants: Should All @entity955 XXXX Now Be Anticoagulated?

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhages', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, we have performed hypogastric @entity616 using a posterior transdiscal approach in 20 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2371 because of @entity5 . METHODS: The L(5)-S(1) interdiscal space was identified with fluoroscopy. A needle attached to a 5-mL syringe was introduced through the disc and advanced under lateral fluoroscopic control until resistance was lost. After verifying proper position, 5 mL of 10% aqueous @entity3971 was administered through the needle. After drawing back the needle, @entity7048 50 mg in 1 mL was administered to the disc to prevent @entity1512 . The visual analog scale (VAS) values, daily analgesic requirements, and @entity1 satisfaction were evaluated before the procedure, at 24 hours and then every month for 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Disc puncture was performed without difficulty in all @entity1 , there were no complications associated with disc puncture such as @entity1512 or @entity397 . Twelve @entity1 had statistically significant @entity158 relief immediately after the block (P <.05). Fifteen @entity1 were satisfied after the block, and their daily analgesic requirement decreased significantly. No @entity158 relief was observed in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Transdiscal approach to the hypogastric plexus appears to be a safe and effective procedure. However, prospective randomized controlled studies comparing different approaches are needed to increase our knowledge of hypogastric @entity616 .

title: Transdiscal approach for hypogastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cephazolin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['disc rupture']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11007 Background: Twenty percent of @entity0 @entity1 develop CNS @entity3 . The main objective of the present paper is to evaluate the incidence rate and evolution of this condition in @entity1 treated at the IOHM. METHODS: A search of the IOHM @entity0 registry was carried out. In this database all 1,680 @entity5 were reviewed and classified according to the USA Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology's recommendations. Only those with @entity0 developing CNS @entity3 were included in this paper. RESULTS: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 174 @entity1 with @entity0 were identified and 26 (14.9%) of them presented CNS @entity3 . Population Characteristics: Median Age 54 years (30-78); Menopause YES/NO 13/13; Histology: IDC= 25,ILC=1; High Tumor Grade=23; Stage (I=1pt. II=13 pts, III=5 pts, IV=7pts); Previous CNS @entity3 treatment (Adjuvant 18 pts, Advanced 16 pts); CNS @entity3 characteristics: Group A) 9 pts (CNS @entity3 only) (Solitary @entity3 in 2 cases, Multiple @entity3 in 7 cases), Group B) (CNS @entity3 with other metastatic sites) 17 pts (Solitary CNS @entity3 1 Case, Multiple @entity3 16 cases). CNS @entity3 treatment and follow up: All 26 @entity1 received radiotherapy. In three @entity1 the @entity3 was surgically removed prior to radiotherapy and ten @entity1 received chemotherapy after radiotherapy. The median follow up was 60 months (range 1-126); median overall survival 43 months (range 1-126); median post CNS @entity3 survival 5 months (range 1-60); after single @entity3 surgery (3 cases) the survival was: +15 months, +35 months and +60 months. In @entity1 with multiple @entity3 the survival time after radiotherapy was much longer in Group A (7 pts, Median survival: 6 months) than in Group B (16 pts, Median survival: 3.3 months) (Log Rank p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1) 15% of this cohort presented with a compromised CNS. 2) The only long survival chance was achieved after the surgical removal of single CNS @entity3 (3 pts median survival 35 months). 3) The median survival after developing multiple CNS @entity3 was 6 months, it was reduced to 3 months when this affectation followed the compromise of other metastatic locations.

title: @entity0 ( XXXX ): An outcome research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumors', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['CNSBC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibodies to @entity6016 are usually found in sera of @entity1 with @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ) and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Recent work from our laboratory (Mol Med 2002;8:293-305) revealed that an active idiotypic network involving antibodies to epitopes of @entity6016 and their anti-idiotypes exist in @entity1 sera. The anti-idiotypic antibodies were detected using complementary peptides to B-cell epitopes of the autoantigen. The principle of the complementary peptides is based on the 'molecular recognition' theory. According to this theory, translation of two complementary RNA strands (coding and non-coding strand) into protein, generate a pair of peptides, which bind each other with specificity and high affinity. AIM: To investigate antibody production and T-cell responses in non-autoimmune-susceptible animal strains which were immunized with the epitope 289-308aa of @entity6016 as well as its complementary epitope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were immunized with a peptide corresponding to epitope 289-308aa (pep) or its complementary (cpep) peptide (5 animals/group). The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to pep and cpep as well as for epitope spreading to recombinant @entity1 @entity6016 and a major B-cell epitope of @entity6016 spanning the region 349-364aa. Another group of animals was sacrificed on day 10 and T-cell responses against pep and cpep were evaluated in cells from lymph nodes and spleen. RESULTS: Immunizations with either pep or cpep led to the appearance of antibodies against the immunogen peptide by day 31 which subsequently was followed by antibody production to its complementary peptide by day 55. In two out of five animals immunized with the epitope 289-308aa, a spreading of the immune response to epitope 349-364aa was observed. In the remaining three animals, negative for antibodies to pep349-364, a specific treatment of sera, using cpep349-364 revealed that anti-idiotypic antibodies masked antibodies to pep349-364. In all immunization experiments high T-cell proliferative responses to both pep and cpep peptides were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Complementary peptides to epitopes of @entity6016 can be utilized as probes to study the development of an idiotypic-anti-idiotypic network towards the major autoantigen. The ability of pep and cpep peptides to induce both B-cell and T-cell responses may provide useful insights into understanding further the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune response and create new tools for therapeutic intervention.

title: Idiotype-anti-idiotype circuit in non-autoimmune XXXX after immunization with the epitope and complementary epitope 289-308aa of La/SSB: implications for the maintenance and perpetuation of the anti-La/SSB response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's Syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Canalicular lacerations are common complications of eyelid @entity130 in the pediatric population. Irrigating air, water, and colored or viscous agents through the intact canaliculus have been suggested to identify the torn proximal edge. We report our experience in repairing canalicular lacerations using a novel viscoelastic injection technique with a Monoka monocanalicular stent. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 <18 years of age who underwent repair of a @entity4551 with a monocanalicular stent using superficial viscoelastic deployment to locate the torn canaliculus were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, cause of @entity130 , surgical management using our novel viscoelastic injection technique, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 with lid lacerations were identified, of whom the 17 with canalicular involvement were included (mean age, 6.27 years). Canalicular injury in these 17 was due to @entity235 bite (9 @entity1 ) and shearing @entity130 (8 @entity1 ). In 11 @entity1 , the injury was located in the lower lid; in 4, the upper lid; and in 2, combined upper and lower lids. All @entity1 had good anatomic repair and on follow-up had negative dye disappearance tests and were free of tearing. CONCLUSIONS: Deploying viscoelastic superficially near, and injecting into the injured canaliculus can improve visualization of the operative field by retracting the surrounding tissue and tamponading any @entity548 , which aids in location and dilation of the torn canaliculus initially and in subsequent steps, eases intubation into the lubricated torn canaliculus and nasolacrimal duct, and avoids @entity130 to an uninjured canaliculus.

title: XXXX repair using a viscoelastic injection to locate and dilate the proximal torn edge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['canalicular laceration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury', 'eyelid injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4551 :: (MESH:D022125,Disease) :: ['Canalicular laceration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, we assessed nutritional and immunologic risk factors for @entity166 and @entity204 related to @entity281 in elderly @entity1 undergoing major elective surgery. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 60 y or older were enrolled in this study. The preoperative variables analyzed were body mass index, body mass index knee height, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-arm muscle area, albumin, @entity69 , prealbumin, and @entity904 -binding protein levels, immunoglobulins G, A, and M, C3, and C4 levels, total lymphocyte counts, and the occurrence of delayed @entity56 reactions (multitest). RESULTS: Abnormally low levels of prealbumin (P = 0.004), @entity904 -binding protein (P = 0.05), and @entity69 (P = 0.04) were related to @entity166 . Prealbumin levels (P = 0.02) and lymphocyte counts below 1500 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.04) were associated with mortality secondary to @entity281 . Univariate regression analysis showed that levels of prealbumin (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limits = 1.6, 110.9), @entity904 -binding protein (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 4.8, 95% confidence limits = 1.2, 19.3), and @entity69 (P = 0.03; odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence limit = 1.2, 15.6) were associated with @entity166 . Multivariate analysis associated only prealbumin levels with @entity166 (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limit = 1.6, 110.9). Regression analysis provided no conclusion regarding mortality because of the small number of @entity204 recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with a good cardiac index (Goldman I and II) who underwent major elective surgery, prealbumin protein, @entity904 -binding protein, and @entity69 levels below normal values represented a significant risk for @entity260 . Lymphocyte counts lower than 1500/m(3) and abnormal prealbumin values were associated with postoperative mortality secondary to @entity281 . The anthropometric variables evaluated did not predict @entity260 and mortality.

title: Nutritional risk factors for @entity260 in Brazilian elderly XXXX undergoing major elective surgery.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that exert a critical influence on tumorigenesis through post-transcriptional modification and are considered to be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of @entity5 . Although several miRNAs have been proposed as relevant biomarkers for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), detailed working mechanisms and validated prognostic significance of these miRNAs remain controversial. In this study, we evaluated expression levels of @entity10013 ( @entity10013 ) and @entity18076 in 72 NSCLCs and 30 benign lung tissues by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and analyzed the correlation of miRNA expression with a variety of clinicopathological factors and @entity1 survival. Compared with the benign control group, @entity10013 expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLCs (p   <   0.001), while @entity18076 expression was significantly upregulated in NSCLCs (p   <   0.001). The expression of @entity10013 was significantly higher in NSCLCs with a @entity5 size of  <=3  cm than in those with a @entity5 size of >3  cm (p   =   0.026). There were no other significant associations between miRNA expression and clinicopathological features. In univariate survival analysis for all @entity1149 @entity1 , high @entity18076 expression (p   =   0.037), large @entity5 size (p   =   0.026), and lymphovascular invasion (p   =   0.012) were significantly correlated with worse overall survival. High @entity10013 expression was significantly associated with favorable prognosis only in @entity1 with @entity420 (p   =   0.033). In multivariate analysis, @entity18076 and @entity5 size remained as independent prognostic factors. Our results suggest that @entity10013 might play @entity5 -suppressive and @entity18076 an oncogenic role, and these @entity11216 's are potential prognostic biomarkers for @entity1149 .

title: Expression of microRNA @entity10013 and @entity18076 is associated with prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of inhibitory transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of behavioural abnormalities of @entity2438 @entity1 . METHODS: Twelve young adult @entity1 with @entity2438 were enrolled. All subjects presented @entity717 and most of them had @entity73 . The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) was administered as the primary outcome measure before and after a 2-week tDCS course. All subjects received 10 daily applications of 20 min/1.5 mA/cathodal (inhibitory) tDCS over the left dorso-lateral pre-frontal cortex. RESULTS: Eight out of 10 study completers improved in their abnormal behaviours, reaching an average reduction of 26.7% of the total ABC score. The remaining two @entity1 showed no changes. In the whole group of completers, among the five subscales contributing to the significant reduction of the total score, the most remarkable and statistically significant change was seen in the subscale assessing @entity2915 and non-compliance (-35.9%, P = 0.002). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitory tDCS improved the ABC rating scores for @entity2438 behaviours. Owing to its ease of use, cost-effectiveness and the limited availability of specific treatment strategies, tDCS might be a valid therapeutic option to be tested in @entity2438 @entity1 .

title: Transcranial direct current stimulation for XXXX and noncompliance in @entity2438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['speech impairment']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']


abstract: Authors present the effect of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the treatment of hip instability in @entity1 with @entity306 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sixty-seven non walking @entity1 (110 hips) with @entity1688 and hip instability ( @entity4222 > 33% or increase of @entity4222 > 20% in the second follow-up after 12 months) were evaluated. The mean age of @entity1 in the beginning of study was 3 years and 8 months (SD = 2 years). The @entity1 were randomly allocated to administrations of BTX-A - group A (52 hips) or to observation - group B (58 hips). The intramuscular injections of BTX-A were performed every 3 months, bilaterally to adductors, medial hamstrings and psoas muscles. The choice of muscles for BTX-A administration was determined by the results of clinical examination consisting in dynamic assessment of joint range of motion. The groups of muscles presenting the dynamic contraction (3 and more in Ashworth Scale) were injected. The a-p radiographs were used to assess the @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ). The average length of follow-up was 21 months. RESULTS: The mean value of @entity4222 in the group A was 38% at the beginning of treatment and 28% at the end of follow-up (difference statistically significant; p < 0.00001). The mean value of @entity4222 in the group B was 36% at the primary examination and 38% at the final examination (difference statistically significant; p < 0.00001). The mean progression (-) for the group A = 10% (improvement) and for the group B +3% (deterioration) (difference statistically significant; p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Locate specific target intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) are a useful method of prevention of the neurogenic @entity572 in @entity1 with @entity306 .

title: [The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of spastic hip joint instability in XXXX with @entity306 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'migration percentage']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of @entity1271 . The mechanism by which it causes @entity32 around the mammary ducts is unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Inflammation and dilatation of the mammary ducts were compared in two groups of @entity1 with proven histologic diagnoses of @entity1271 ( @entity1271 , n = 133) and @entity15779 ( @entity15779 , n = 98) over an eight year period. This study was done to determine if the number of cigarettes smoked correlated with the amount of @entity32 seen in @entity1271 . Duct dilatation, @entity32 , and squamous metaplasia were assessed objectively by two pathologists without knowledge of the clinical parameters. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1271 were significantly more likely to be smokers than @entity1 with @entity15779 (p < 0.001). @entity1 with @entity32 were more likely to be younger (p < 0.05) whereas those with duct dilatation were more likely to be older (p < 0.02). @entity1 with @entity1271 who were heavy smokers (more than ten cigarettes per day) had @entity32 (p = 0.0006) and squamous metaplasia of the lactiferous ducts (p < 0.02) compared with light or nonsmokers. Duct dilatation did not correlate with smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking appears to be an important etiologic factor in @entity1271 and appears to have direct toxic effects on the mammary ducts.

title: Periductal XXXX and cigarette smoke.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['periductal inflammation', 'inflammation', 'severe periductal inflammation', 'more periductal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15779 :: ('MESH:D018300', 'Disease') :: ['IDP', 'intraductal papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['periductal mastitis', 'PDM']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has clearly been demonstrated that @entity308 constitute a major worldwide public health problem, with massive economic and quality-of-life consequences. Existing pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, with only about a third of @entity1 achieving remission on any one medication. Delayed onset of action and variable tolerability contribute to this limited efficacy. @entity57494 , introduced in the US in 2011, has been described as the first member of the @entity750 partial agonist-reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) class of medications, combining @entity750 -reuptake inhibition with 5-HT1A partial agonism. This agent could potentially have benefits for subgroups of @entity308 @entity1 , including @entity308 @entity1 with comorbid @entity148 and @entity1 with @entity148 , and might have fewer @entity458 than selective @entity750 -reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). AIMS: We reviewed existing clinical trials that assess the benefits of @entity57494 for treatment of @entity308 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: In clinical trials, including two Phase III studies and two Phase IV studies, @entity57494 has been shown to have efficacy greater than placebo on the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale, comparable efficacy to @entity837 , and continued benefit after 52 weeks of treatment. The safety profile for @entity57494 is comparable to other SSRI medications, and tolerability also appears generally comparable to other SSRI medications. PLACE IN THERAPY: @entity57494 , which has been described as the first-of-class SPARI medication, may potentially have benefits for subgroups of @entity1 , particularly those @entity308 individuals with coexisting @entity148 or @entity148 . However, convincing evidence for these benefits has as yet not been published.

title: @entity57494 for the treatment of XXXX : an evidence-based review of its place in therapy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity57494 :: ('MESH:C494040', 'Chemical') :: ['vilazodone', 'Vilazodone']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the mechanism of limitation of pronation/supination of the forearm associated with the @entity85 of the forearm bones and narrowing of the interosseous space. DESIGN: A three-dimensional geometric model of the forearm bones with the interosseous membrane and its axial section were used. BACKGROUND: Limitation of pronation/supination associated with the deformity of the forearm bones is one of the significant problems encountered in the treatment of the @entity174 . Elucidation of its mechanism is important for its prevention and treatment. METHODS: In the axial section, the effects of the positional relationship between the axis of pronation/supination and the forearm bones on the range of pronation/supination was studied using analytic geometry in each model with non-narrowing or narrowing of the interosseous space. Subsequently, in the three-dimensional model each forearm bone with the same @entity85 , the direction and magnitude of the @entity85 which would lead to limitation of pronation/supination were calculated using analytic geometry. Each parameter of the models was obtained by the radiographic measurements of the normal forearms. RESULTS: When the axis of the pronation/supination passed through the interosseous region (less than 2 cm radioulnarly and 0.8 cm anteroposteriorly) in the model of the axial section without narrowing of the interosseous space, more than 40 degrees of pronation and supination were possible. When the axis deviated from this region, significant loss of pronation/supination was observed associated with restriction by the interosseous membrane rather than impingement. Furthermore, the area of this region decreased according to narrowing of the interosseous space with shortening of the interosseous membrane. In the three-dimensional model, the direction and magnitude of the @entity85 which would lead to significant loss of pronation/supination was more than 14 degrees radially, 7 degrees ulnarly, 5 degrees anteriorly, 4 degrees posteriorly. CONCLUSIONS: The positional relationship between the axis of pronation/supination and the forearm bones with the interosseous membrane may play an important role regarding pronation/supination of the forearm. RELEVANCE: Evaluation of the @entity79 based on understanding this mechanism of limitation of pronation/supination would lead to an appropriate treatment of malunion of the forearm bones.

title: Mechanism of limitation of pronation/supination of the forearm in geometric models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['angular deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['forearm fracture']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['deformities of the forearm bones']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to document the imaging and pathology findings in non-fecalith-induced @entity698 . We reviewed the imaging and pathologic findings in 40 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity698 seen over a 2-year period. Findings documented were (1) total appendiceal involvement, (2) predominant appendiceal @entity5936 involvement, (3) presence of a fecalith, and (4) presence of @entity706 . There were a total of 40 @entity1 , 28 males and 12 females. The age range was 2-18  years with a mean of 11.5  years. Twenty-two (55  %) @entity1 demonstrated classic @entity698 of the whole appendix, 20 (91  %) of these appendices had a fecalith. Eighteen (45  %) @entity1 demonstrated @entity698 confined to or predominately involving the @entity5936 of the appendix, and all 18 (100  %) @entity1 demonstrated marked @entity706 . Only two (11  %) of these appendices had a fecalith. Overall, a fecalith was found in only 55  % of our cases, while 45  % demonstrated no fecalith, but rather marked @entity706 . @entity706 appeared to be the underlying predisposing cause of @entity698 in these cases.

title: Non-fecalith-induced XXXX : etiology, imaging, and pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia', 'Lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['purulent appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']