abstract: Progressive @entity5545 is an acquired reading deficit caused by @entity75 regions that are essential for written word processing. Functional imaging studies have shown that early processing of the visual word form depends on a hierarchical posterior-to-anterior processing stream in occipito-temporal cortex, whereby successive areas code increasingly larger and more complex perceptual attributes of the letter string. A region located in the left lateral occipito-temporal sulcus and adjacent fusiform gyrus shows maximal selectivity for words and has been dubbed the ' @entity227 '. We studied two @entity1 with progressive @entity5545 in order to determine whether their reading deficits were associated with structural and/or functional abnormalities in this @entity227 . Voxel-based morphometry showed left-lateralized occipito-temporal @entity194 in both @entity1 , very mild in one, but moderate to severe in the other. The two @entity1 , along with 10 control subjects, were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging as they viewed rapidly presented words, false font strings, or a fixation crosshair. This paradigm was optimized to reliably map brain regions involved in orthographic processing in individual subjects. All 10 control subjects showed a posterior-to-anterior gradient of selectivity for words, and all 10 showed a functionally defined @entity227 in the left hemisphere that was activated for words relative to false font strings. In contrast, neither of the two @entity1 with progressive @entity5545 showed any evidence for a selectivity gradient or for word-specific activation of the @entity227 . The @entity1 with mild @entity194 showed normal responses to both words and false font strings in the posterior part of the @entity227 , but a failure to develop selectivity for words in the more anterior part of the system. In contrast, the @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity194 showed minimal activation of any part of the @entity227 for either words or false font strings. Our results suggest that progressive @entity5545 is associated with a dysfunctional @entity227 , with or without substantial cortical @entity194 . Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that functional MRI has the potential to reveal the neural bases of @entity73 in neurodegenerative @entity1 at very early stages, in some cases before the development of extensive @entity194 .

title: Dysfunctional visual word form processing in progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual word form area', 'visual word form system']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of brain']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['alexia']


abstract: Thoracoabdominal asynchrony ( @entity2796 ) and the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time (TME/TE) have been used to assess @entity1224 in @entity1 and adults. We obtained these measurements using calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) on 15 adolescents and young adults with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and varying disease severity. The measurements were then compared to 15 normal age-matched controls. @entity2796 was expressed as a phase angle (phi) calculated from the abdominal (AB) and ribcage (RC) signals acquired from scalar strip chart recordings. Using CODAS (DATAQ Instruments, Akron, @entity2145 ) software, the analog signals were digitized, and the differentiated sum (AB + RC) signal was used to calculate TME/TE. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) were obtained using RIP in all subjects. Subjects with @entity1577 had a significantly higher mean phi than the control subjects (15 degrees vs. 8 degrees, respectively, P = 0.01). In the @entity1577 @entity1 the specificity of a high phi as an indicator of abnormality was 80%, while the sensitivity was 65%. There was no correlation in the magnitude of phi and disease severity as assessed by FVC or FEV1. There was no significant difference in TME/TE between the groups. We conclude that RIP-acquired phi, but not TME/TE, is a simple and useful method to detect the presence of @entity1224 . We speculate that the sensitivity of this method will increase in younger @entity1 with more compliant chest walls and less air trapping. Longitudinal studies of phi in @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity358 could help in assessing disease severity and progression in this population, in whom repeated measures are few and complex.

title: Thoracoabdominal asynchrony and ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction', 'airway obstructive disease']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Intramedullary @entity4097 (IMSCTs) of the pediatric population are rare and comprise thirty-five percent of @entity5 . Low-grade @entity816 predominate; @entity424 increase in frequency with ascending age and become the most frequent IMSCT in adults. @entity7667 are very rare in adults but comprise nearly thirty percent of @entity5 in @entity1 under three years of age. The cervical spine is the region of the spine most affected. @entity158 is the most common presenting symptom with @entity425 , @entity426 , torticollis also frequently reported. @entity1276 occurs with greater frequency than in adult @entity1 and often requires a shunt. Motor and sensory evoked potential monitoring is routinely utilized. Osteoplastic laminotomy is performed to forestall the development of progressive @entity85 . Gross total resection is feasible in most @entity424 and results in surgical cure. @entity816 are @entity5 and gross total resection is occasionally possible only in the pediatric population. However, the role of radical resection of low-grade fibrillary @entity816 of the spinal cord in @entity1 has not been definitively demonstrated in the literature. Outcome for low-grade @entity816 is better in @entity1 than adults, but not as favorable as that for @entity424 . @entity5 have dismal outcomes and surgery in these @entity1 serves only to provide a diagnosis.

title: XXXX : special considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'intraspinal neoplasms', 'infiltrating neoplasms', 'Malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait deterioration']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['Gangliogliomas']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taste abnormalities are common among @entity5 @entity1 after starting radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Considering the role of @entity219 and reports on its beneficial effects in taste perception, we evaluated the preventive effects of @entity17562 on radiation-induced taste alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adult @entity1 with @entity135 who were on schedule for radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, were allocated to receive @entity17562 (50 mg, three times a day) or placebo; started with beginning of radiotherapy and continued for one month later. Taste acuity was determined by measuring detection and recognition thresholds for four taste qualities at baseline, at the end of radiotherapy, and a month later using the Henkin method. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 (mean age = 59.2    16.5, 60% male) completed the trial. The two groups were similar at baseline. After radiotherapy, and one month later, there was a significant increase in taste perception threshold for bitter, salty, sweet, and sour tastes in the placebo group (P = 0.001). In those who received @entity219 , there was only slight increase in threshold for perception of the salty taste (P = 0.046). No relevant side effects due to @entity17562 were reported. CONCLUSION: @entity219 supplementation in head/neck @entity5 @entity1 under radiotherapy can prevent radiation-induced taste alterations. Further studies with longer follow-ups and with different doses of @entity219 supplementation are warranted in this regard.

title: Preventive effects of @entity17562 on taste alterations in @entity1 under irradiation for XXXX : A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Historically, nephrectomy for @entity8 was performed by an open technique. We performed this study to compare outcomes in hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy with open nephrectomy in this population. METHODS: Charts of @entity1 with @entity8 who underwent nephrectomy by a transplant surgeon from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011, were reviewed. The hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy group was compared with the open group. Data collected included unilateral versus bilateral nephrectomy, operative time, complications, transfusion requirement, and length of stay. RESULTS: Of the 78 @entity1 identified, 18 underwent open transabdominal nephrectomy, 56 underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy, and 2 underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy that was converted to an open procedure. Two @entity1 were excluded because another major procedure was performed at the same time as the nephrectomy. Operative times were similar. @entity1 undergoing open bilateral nephrectomy were more likely to receive transfusion (odds ratio, 3.57 [95% confidence interval, 0.74-17.19]; P = .016), and the length of stay was longer in the open groups (5.9 days vs 4.0 days for unilateral [P = .013] and 7.8 days vs 4.6 days for bilateral [P = .001]). Overall complication rates were similar. The most frequent complications associated with hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy were the development of an incisional @entity547 at the hand-port site and arteriovenous fistula @entity715 . CONCLUSION: Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy can be safely performed without increased operative times or complications. The hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy group enjoyed a shorter length of stay, and fewer @entity1 in this group received transfusion. For @entity1 considering renal transplantation, avoidance of transfusion is important to prevent sensitization and limiting access to compatible organs.

title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: Endothelin (5 nmol/kg, i.v.) caused a transient @entity551 followed by a lasting @entity101 in @entity35 . However, an abrupt fall in the blood pressure was observed in most @entity35 6 to 30 min after the injection of endothelin and @entity944 followed with lethality noted over 60 min. An abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) ( @entity943 ) was observed in @entity35 injected with endothelin. @entity11617 (i.v.) also caused @entity944 in @entity19 . Pretreatment (5 or 60 min) with specific @entity9480 antagonists, @entity37532 (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity6849 (30 mg/kg, p.o.), and a @entity460 channel blocker, @entity3988 (60 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented @entity204 and attenuated the ECG changes induced by endothelin, but @entity37532 did not prevent the blood pressure changes induced by endothelin. @entity37532 (0.5-3 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity6849 , @entity3988 and @entity619 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) protected @entity19 against the @entity204 induced by endothelin. On the other hand, @entity117 (cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not protect @entity19 from the @entity204 . Thus, endothelin is a highly toxic peptide with @entity1370 effects, and @entity9480 may be involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity944 .

title: Endothelin-induced XXXX and the possible involvement of @entity9480 ( @entity9480 ).

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), @entity209 and @entity731 although evidence of causality is lacking in @entity1 . We hypothesized that very low-dose experimental @entity5694 would induce @entity32 and systemic IR during a low-grade but asymptomatic inflammatory response and thus provide an experimental model for future tests of pharmacologic and genomic modulation of cardio-metabolic traits in @entity1 . METHODS: Ten healthy, @entity1 volunteers (50% male, 90% Caucasian, mean age 22.7    3.8) were randomized in a double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study to separate 36-hour inpatient visits (placebo versus intravenous- @entity558 0.6 ng/kg). We measured clinical symptoms via the @entity158 questionnaire and serial vital signs. Plasma and serum were collected for measurement of cytokines, C-reactive protein, insulin and @entity413 , serial whole blood _ subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR. HOMA-IR, a well-validated measure of IR was calculated to estimate insulin resistance, and frequently sampled intravenous @entity413 tolerance testing (FSIGTT) was performed to confirm an insulin resistant state. We performed ANOVA and within subject ANOVA to understand the differences in cytokines, @entity32 and IR before and after @entity558 or placebo. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between placebo and @entity558 in clinical responses of symptom scores, body temperature or heart rate. However, low-dose @entity5694 induced a rapid and transient 25-fold induction of plasma @entity310 and 100-fold increase in plasma @entity650 (Figure 1B) (p < 0.001 for both) both peaking at two hours, followed by modest @entity32 in adipose tissue with increases in mRNA levels of several inflammatory genes known to modulate adipose and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue mRNA levels of @entity650 (peak 6-fold, ANOVA F = 27.5, p < 0.001) and @entity310 (peak 1.8-fold, F = 2.9, p = 0.01) increased with @entity2842 (peak 10-fold, F = 5.6, p < 0.01) and @entity17582 ( @entity17184 ) (peak 15-fold, F = 13.3, p < 0.001). Finally, HOMA-IR was 32% higher following @entity558 compared to placebo (p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity declined by 21% following @entity558 compared to placebo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We present a low dose @entity1 @entity5694 model of @entity32 which induces @entity32 and systemic insulin resistance in the absence of overt clinical response. Such a model has the potential for broad and safe application in the study of novel therapeutics and genomic influences in @entity209 .

title: A @entity1 model of XXXX ; a double blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'adipose tissue inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'cardio-metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity17582 :: ('MESH:D054428', 'Chemical') :: ['fractalkine']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['inflammatory cardio-metabolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety, costs, and cost-effectiveness of biphasic @entity2690 aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) with NPH plus regular @entity1 @entity2690 (NPH/ @entity16127 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: It was a Single-center, parallel-group, randomized, clinical trial (Trial Registration: NCT01889095). One hundred and seventy four @entity6 @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 (HbA1c   >=    8  % (63.9  mmol/mol)) were randomly assigned to trial arms (BIAsp 30 and NPH/ @entity16127 ) and were followed up for 48  weeks. BIAsp 30 was started at an initial dose of 0.2-0.6  IU/Kg in two divided doses and was titrated according to the glycemic status of the @entity1 . Similarly, NPH/ @entity16127 @entity2690 was initiated at a dose of 0.2-0.6  IU/Kg with a 2:1 ratio and was subsequently titrated. Level of glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, direct and indirect costs, quality adjusted life year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio have been assessed. RESULTS: HbA1c, Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), and two-hour post-prandial @entity413 (PPG) were improved in both groups during the study (P   <   0.05 for all analyses). Lower frequencies of minor, major, and @entity2749 were observed with BIAsp 30 (P   <   0.05). Additionally, BIAsp 30 was associated with less @entity1017 and also higher QALYs (P   <   0.05). Total medical and non-medical costs were significantly lower with BIAsp 30 as compared with NPH/ @entity16127 (930.55        81.43 USD vs. 1101.24        165.49 USD, P   =   0.004). Moreover, BIAsp 30 showed lower @entity10679 as a dominant alternative. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being more expensive, BIAsp 30 offers the same glycemic control as to NPH/ @entity16127 dose-dependently and also appears to cause fewer hypoglycemic events and to be more cost-effective in Iranian @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Biphasic @entity2690 Aspart 30 vs. NPH plus regular @entity1 XXXX in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 ; a cost-effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity150 accounts for approximately 5% of all newly diagnosed @entity5 in the developed world. Smoking, occupational exposure and dietary factors constitute the most important exogenous risk factors for @entity1494 . Yet, individuals with seemingly equal exposure to environmental carcinogens develop @entity150 in an unpredictable manner. This is probably attributed to the fact that DNA repair capacity varies in @entity1 populations, pointing the role of genetic susceptibility in @entity1 @entity5 . Numerous studies demonstrated that certain genetic and epigenetic alterations are fairly constant. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 9 is an aberration found in urothelial cell @entity189 (UCC) of all stages and grades as well as in dysplastic urothelium, possibly representing an early event in @entity1494 . On the contrary, gains of 3p can only be found in @entity5 demonstrating highly malignant behavior. @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is another frequent finding in @entity150 . This has led many investigator groups to employ the analysis for @entity124 for early diagnosis of UCC with promising results. The silencing of certain genes such as @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and DAPK by aberrant methylation of their promoter region also represents an important mechanism in @entity105 . Similarly, alterations in certain @entity5 suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes result in uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and have been associated with more aggressive UCC phenotypes. Undoubtedly, the application of these observations in clinical practice will make a breakthrough in the management of @entity150 .

title: Molecular mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinogenesis', 'bladder carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity842 synthase ( @entity9554 ) @entity21005 gene polymorphism seems as a genetic determinant of total @entity1255 (tHcy) concentrations through an effect on @entity1501 catabolism. We tested for a significant contribution to blood pressure values for the @entity9554 @entity21005 and 4a/b gene polymorphisms and whether those changes could explain the modulating effect on tHcy concentrations. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed 158 healthy @entity1 . The @entity9554 gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment analysis ( @entity21005 ) and by PCR (4a/b). Total @entity1255 concentrations were evaluated by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay method. RESULTS: In our population we did not obtain a significant contribution of the @entity21005 to blood pressure variations. However, tHcy mean concentration values differed according @entity21005 genotypes (P = 0.01). Interestingly, we did not obtain a significant modulating effect on tHcy concentrations according to 4a/b genotypes although the 4a/b genotype distribution was statistically associated with blood pressure variations. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a modulating effect of the @entity9554 4a/b gene variant on tHcy concentrations that is at least partially provoked by discrete blood pressure increments. Nevertheless, our multivariate analysis did not show a statistical significant role for the @entity9554 @entity21005 gene polymorphism on tHcy concentrations.

title: [Arterial blood pressure variations: XXXX and @entity842 synthase gene polymorphisms ( @entity9554 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: A total of 369 samples of @entity579 (n = 311), @entity3505 (n = 10), @entity1460 (n = 44), and adzuki bean (n = 4) collected from various locations in Japan between 1999 and 2002 were analyzed for PCDDs, PCDFs ( @entity38849 /Fs) and coplanar @entity3215 . Sampling points within about 1 km of operational municipal waste incinerators that were considered sources of dioxins were defined as "near-source" areas, and all other sampling points were defined as "general" areas. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values of @entity1460 samples collected from near-source areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from general areas. A significant difference of TEQs among sampling years in @entity579 in general areas was also found. However, the differences could not be explained by the presence or absence of incineration plants in the area surrounding the sampling point or by a temporal decrease of air pollution. The TEQs of the crops varied widely, but the median value of each crop was quite low, at 0.000021, 0.00013, 0.0000095, and 0.00016 pg-TEQ/g wet wt. in @entity579 , @entity3505 , @entity1460 and adzuki bean, respectively. On the basis of these survey results, the daily intake of @entity38849 /Fs and coplanar @entity3215 from @entity579 , @entity3505 , @entity1460 , and adzuki bean was calculated. The daily intakes from these crops were estimated to be 0.0056 pg-TEQ/kg B.W./day on the assumption that "not detected" (ND) could be taken as zero, ND = 0, and 0.18 pg-TEQ/kg B.W./day if ND is put equal to 1/2 LOD (half the limit of detection). In comparison with the tolerable daily intake set in Japan for @entity38849 /Fs and coplanar @entity3215 (4 pg-TEQ/kg B.W./day), it was considered that the levels of contamination by @entity38849 /Fs and coplanar @entity3215 in these crops cultivated in the environment of Japan do not present a problem.

title: Levels of dioxins in @entity579 , @entity3505 , XXXX , and adzuki bean cultivated in 1999 to 2002 in Japan and estimation of their intake.

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1118 have been shown to be more frequent utilizers of primary care, a contributor to increased health care costs. This study aimed to clarify which @entity1 factors predict primary care utilization among veterans with @entity1118 . DESIGN: Data were gathered from the electronic medical records of veterans who used Veterans Affairs primary care services from 2003 to 2009 in upstate New York. @entity1118 cases (N = 792) were those veterans diagnosed with a musculoskeletal condition of the hip, knee, or lower back during two or more primary care encounters over a period >=  3 months. Cases were frequency matched by age to controls, or those veterans who did not have a chronic musculoskeletal condition of the hip, knee, or lower back. Demographic information, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, medication use, and other health-related factors were used in regression models to predict primary care utilization. RESULTS: Cases consistently accrued more primary care encounters than controls during each year of the observation period. Cases also accrued more encounters from specialty medicine clinics, @entity1118 clinics, and behavioral health clinics co-located in primary care. The contribution of mental health factors to care utilization differed by case-control status. Diagnosis of @entity308 and substance use disorders were predictors of care utilization only among controls, whereas @entity148 , use of anxiolytics, and @entity2166 were predictors only among cases. Cases with a co-occurring @entity148 had a greater than twofold increased risk (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.32-4.22) of being in the top 10% of the distribution of total primary care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health conditions that commonly co-occur with chronic @entity4512 contribute to greater health care utilization. Improved screening and early intervention for these disorders in primary care may improve @entity1 outcomes and stem high rates of care utilization of veterans.

title: Primary care utilization among veterans with chronic XXXX : a retrospective chart review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorders']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: More and more data point to the involvement of the @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocyte subpopulation in the pathogenesis of @entity64 . This paper attempts to answer the question of whether an increase in the percentage of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the blood may be associated with carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a group of 109 @entity1 , aged 45 to 65 years, including 42 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 , experiencing symptoms resulting from disturbances of the anterior area of cerebral circulation, arterial @entity101 and/or @entity6 (group 1). Group 2 consisted of 34 @entity1 with above-mentioned risk factors but without @entity64 . The control group comprised 33 healthy individuals. Distribution of sex and mean age was comparable. The @entity121 of carotid arteries was measured by ultrasonography. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the percentage of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. RESULTS: The @entity121 was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity64 than in @entity1 without @entity64 . No significant correlation was found between the proportion of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the blood and the @entity121 of carotid arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The significant proportion of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity64 points to the involvement of the cells in the pathogenesis of @entity64 . The @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes are not involved in the pathomechanism of common carotid arteries @entity121 thickening in this group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX   @entity1361    lymphocytes and @entity64 . Part I: @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes and common carotid artery @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of artificial @entity515 @entity19418 on bacterial translocation in an experimental retroperitoneoscopy model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult male New Zealand White @entity95 weighing 2.5 to 3 kg were divided into two groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 6 @entity95 , while the remaining 12 served as the @entity19418 group (group 2). In group 1, the left retroperitoneal space was dissected with a 50-mL balloon without @entity515 insufflation, and the animals were kept under anesthesia for 3 hours with the balloons inflated. In group 2, after balloon dissection as in group 1, @entity515 insufflation was applied at 1 L/min to achieve a pressure of 10 to 12 mm Hg for 3 hours. Afterward, all animals were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the blood, retroperitoneal area, lungs, liver, mesentery, heart, kidneys, ureters, bladder, colon, small intestine, and spleen and carried to the microbiology laboratory in Carry-Blair medium. Bacterial growth was evaluated using standard techniques. RESULTS: All animals survived the experimental procedures. None of the @entity95 in the control group demonstrated any bacterial translocation in the sampled tissues. In the @entity19418 group, one @entity95 was found to have 10(2) colony-forming units of @entity526 in the kidney, but this was considered to be the result of contamination, not translocation. CONCLUSION: @entity544 @entity19418 does not seem to cause @entity2259 or bacterial translocation in this experimental model. Retroperitoneoscopy probably does not create any additional risk of septic complications.

title: Effect of @entity544 XXXX on bacterial translocation in an experimental retroperitoneoscopy model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity19418 :: ('MESH:D012188', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoretroperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity19418 :: (MESH:D012188,Disease) :: ['pneumoretroperitoneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is the first therapeutic option in percutaneous @entity157 but data on its long-term efficacy and safety are not conclusive. AIM: This study reports a prospective survey on radiofrequency thermal ablation in north-east Italy. METHODS: Data were collected on 401 @entity1 with @entity157 (males 301, mean age: 68 years) treated by radiofrequency thermal ablation in 13 centres. Indication to treatment was: single nodule not eligible for surgery in 77% of @entity1 , 2-3 nodes in 18% and @entity75 in 5%. Mean size was 3 cm (1-8 cm). Treatment response was assessed at 1 month by spiral computerized tomography and then with ultrasound examination and new spiral computerized tomography. RESULTS: Complete response was obtained in 67% of @entity1 and in 27% response was 75-99%. Complete response raised to 77% in lesions smaller than 3 cm. The morbidity rate was 34%; the mortality was 0.5%, seeding was observed in four @entity1 . Ten @entity1 presented an unexpected rapid disease progression. CONCLUSION: The above data show that by radiofrequency thermal ablation, complete response can be achieved only in about two-third of the cases, clearly less than expected, and that, beyond seeding, unexpected progression can be observed.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently available anticoagulants utilized for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) treatment and prevention and @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) have proven effectiveness but are not optimally utilized because of barriers such as the need for subcutaneous administration and requisite routine laboratory monitoring. @entity3925 , a novel oral Xa inhibitor, is an alternative to standard therapies utilized for @entity1211 prevention after elective orthopedic surgery, primary and secondary @entity64 prevention in @entity955 , @entity1211 treatment after an acute @entity1211 event, and secondary prevention after the @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the pharmacology, efficacy, and tolerability of @entity3925 for @entity1211 prophylaxis in post-orthopedic surgery and medically ill @entity1 , @entity64 prevention in @entity955 , adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1187 , and @entity1211 treatment. METHODS: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and EMBASE were searched for English-only clinical trials and reviews published between 1970 and March 15, 2012. PubMed was searched for articles published between 1970 and June 30, 2012. Additional trials and reviews were identified from the citations of published articles. RESULTS: Eighty-nine publications were identified: 10 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis were used to obtain efficacy and tolerability data, and 1 analysis of pooled data from the clinical trials was included; 17 pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and drug-drug interaction studies were included; and 5 cost-analyses were reviewed. These data showed @entity3925 to be noninferior to enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis of @entity1211 after total knee and total hip replacement surgery. It was also shown to be noninferior to @entity2067 antagonist therapy for primary and recurrent @entity64 prevention in @entity955 as well as for the treatment of @entity1211 after an acute @entity1150 or @entity1151 . It also showed benefit in lowering the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events after @entity1187 . Differences in major @entity548 rates were not statistically significant between @entity3925 and comparators across the various studies, with the exception of @entity1187 , in which there were higher rates of non-coronary artery bypass graft surgery related @entity548 and @entity932 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the studies reported in this review, @entity3925 is an effective option for the prevention of @entity1211 after orthopedic surgery, @entity64 prevention for @entity955 , and treatment of @entity1211 . At this time, @entity3925 cannot be recommended for secondary risk reduction after @entity1187 because of the increased @entity548 risk.

title: XXXX : an oral factor Xa inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'nonvalvular AF', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['Rivaroxaban']


abstract: One of the challenges of @entity5 therapeutics is to discover targets unique to the @entity5 cell population. Constitutively activated @entity669 kinases play a role in the malignant phenotype in a number of different @entity5 . While the kinases may be present in the normal cell, the @entity5 cell is often dependent upon the activation of the kinase for the maintenance of malignant growth. Inhibition of kinase activation may therefore selectively inhibit malignant proliferation. In the case of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), the activated @entity669 kinase ( @entity1861 ) is due to a chromosomal translocation that defines this disease, and is necessary for malignant transformation. @entity2213 (Gleevec, Novartis) is a small molecule @entity669 kinase inhibitor, developed through the chemical modification to be selected for a small number of @entity669 kinases present in @entity1 cells. This agent is also orally bioavailable and has been found to be effective in clinical trials. We have learned much through the clinical use of this agent. 1) Specific targeting of activated signal transduction pathways may be effective in inhibiting @entity5 cells. 2) @entity5 cells may not only be inherently resistant to small molecule inhibitors, but may also develop resistance after exposure to the inhibitor. 3) Increased knowledge regarding critical signal transduction pathways, the structure of the molecules that are being targeted and the inhibitors themselves, will allow us to understand resistance as it develops and create new molecules to bypass resistance. We will discuss @entity2213 as an important example of the success and pitfalls of targeted therapeutics for @entity5 .

title: Mechanisms of resistance to @entity2213 in XXXX @entity1 : a paradigm for the advantages and pitfalls of molecularly targeted therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: Aquatic total @entity3151 (Tot-P) is measured at fish-cages in Lake Huron for environmental regulatory compliance. An improved understanding of how Tot-P is manifested in the near-field (<or=30 m) water column relative to reference sites within the same water body, current movement and farm structures is required to help interpret sample results and refine monitoring protocols where necessary. The primary aim of this study is to investigate spatial and temporal concentrations of Tot-P at a commercial fish farm. A secondary aim investigates the utility of automated dissolved @entity26 (DO) and pH monitoring to assist with Tot-P monitoring. Near-field TP at a commercial @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) cage-farm in the North Channel of Lake Huron was intensively sampled for six multi-day periods of differing environmental and fish production scenarios. Current profiles were measured by acoustical Doppler current profilers for five periods, and multi-probes continuously measured temperature, pH and dissolved @entity26 , at the farm centre and 30 m north/south for two sampling periods. Near-field Tot-P data was non-normally distributed. Differences between parametric and non-parametric measures were minor. @entity3151 depth profiles appeared to be influenced by the locations of cages, manure collectors and the lake bottom. Near-field lateral Tot-P concentrations were elevated above background only in down-current locations except during one period of high production and slow current velocity; suggesting adequately flushed cages will have background concentrations at up-current locations. Variation of DO, pH and Tot-P and the correlations among these parameters, increased from the up-current, down-current and the site centre locations, respectively. These relationships suggest some limited utility for the use multi-probes deployed around fish cages to determine nutrient flow direction, thereby inferring short-term trends of Tot-P concentrations adjacent to the farm. Implications for present monitoring practices are discussed.

title: Near-field loading dynamics of total @entity3151 and short-term water quality variations at a XXXX cage farm in Lake Huron.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus', 'phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: New technologies available for the treatment of idiopathic @entity931 include five global endometrial ablation devices that use differing ablative methods, including thermal balloon, circulated hot fluid, cryotherapy, radiofrequency electrosurgery, and microwave energy. All have been compared with rollerball endometrial ablation by way of randomized clinical trials and are associated with high @entity1 satisfaction rates, regardless of method, but a wide range of @entity2588 rates (13.9-55.3%). They are associated with low complication rates when performed by well-trained physicians following protocols in Food and Drug Administration trials. Some serious complications have been reported subsequently. Strict adherence to @entity1 selection criteria and manufacturer protocols is strongly recommended. New technologies for the treatment of @entity10401 include uterine artery embolization, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasonography, laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion, and cryomyolysis. There is sound evidence for shorter hospital stay, quicker return to work, and a similar major complication rate compared with hysterectomy. Uterine artery embolization appears to be effective for up to 5 years in reducing bulk symptoms and @entity931 associated with @entity10401 . The chance of reoperation for @entity2909 -related symptoms within 5 years is 20-29%. @entity1 who wish to become pregnant should be cautioned about potential complications during pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence to recommend uterine artery embolization in postmenopausal @entity1 . With regard to magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasonography, cryomyolysis, and laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion, although the initial symptom reduction outcomes have been reported as favorable, more data are needed to better understand the durability of these results.

title: Assessment of new technology in the treatment of idiopathic @entity931 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyomata', 'leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity10401 :: (MESH:C535516,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyomata']


abstract: @entity5 of the pancreas are rare, accounting for approximately 2-4% of all @entity9451 . @entity1358 is the most common solid @entity5 that metastasizes to the pancreas. Here, we present a case of uterine @entity2622 metastasizing to the pancreas and review the literature regarding this rare event. A 44-year-old @entity1 with a uterine cervical @entity5 had undergone radical hysterectomy and had been diagnosed pathologically with stage Ib mixed @entity189 in 2004. She underwent concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively. Pulmonary metastases subsequently appeared in 2008 and 2011, and she underwent complete resection of the @entity2 by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Although she was followed up without any treatment and with no other recurrences, positron emission tomography revealed an area of abnormal uptake within the pancreatic body in 2012. Enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a 20-mm lesion in the pancreatic body and upstream @entity384 . Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration was performed and pathological examination suggested @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ). On the basis of these results and the @entity1 's oncological background, lesions in the pancreatic body were diagnosed as secondary @entity3 from the @entity2622 that had been treated 8 years earlier. No other distant metastases were visualized, and the @entity1 subsequently underwent middle pancreatectomy. Pathological examination showed @entity3270 consistent with pancreatic @entity3 from the uterine @entity2622 . The @entity1 has survived 7 months since the middle pancreatectomy without any signs of local recurrence or other metastatic lesions.

title: Pancreatic metastasis from mixed XXXX of the uterine cervix: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic cancers', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: The marine picocyanobacterium @entity16237 . WH7803 possesses two @entity3264 synthetases (GSs; EC 6.3.1.2), GSI encoded by glnA and GSIII encoded by glnN. This is the first work addressing the physiological regulation of both enzymes in a marine cyanobacterial strain. The increase of GS activity upon @entity1568 starvation was similar to that found in other model cyanobacteria. However, an unusual response was found when cells were grown under darkness: the GS activity was unaffected, reflecting adaptation to the environment where they thrive. On the other hand, we found that GSIII did not respond to @entity1568 availability, in sharp contrast with the results observed for this enzyme in other cyanobacteria thus far studied. These features suggest that GS activities in @entity16237 . WH7803 represent an intermediate step in the evolution of cyanobacteria, in a process of regulatory streamlining where GSI lost the regulation by light, while GSIII lost its responsiveness to @entity1568 . This is in good agreement with the phylogeny of @entity16237 . WH7803 in the context of the marine cyanobacterial radiation.

title: Physiological Studies of XXXX Synthetases I and III from @entity16237 . WH7803 Reveal Differential Regulation.

entities_list: @entity16237 :: ('1131', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus sp']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 was admitted with complaint of @entity221 . The peripheral blood showed @entity3043 and @entity236 showed @entity1141 in trilineage blood cells with increased blasts (18.2%). Bone marrow chromosome study revealed a karyotype of 46XX, -6, 3q-, +mar in 19 cells of 20 analyzed. She was diagnosed as @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ). 95% of neutrophils in the bone marrow and 84% of that in the peripheral blood were stained with non-specific esterase using @entity18617 as substrate. On the other hand, the positivity of neutrophils for peroxidase. Sudan black B or @entity2863 esterase was markedly decreased. The phagocytotic activity of neutrophils was increased in comparison with normal control cells. Surface marker analysis of peripheral blood myeloid cells revealed increased expression of monocyte specific markers. These findings suggested that the @entity1 's neutrophils, which were surely neutrophils in morphology, shared also monocyte-specific characters. After treatment with low dose @entity2592 , @entity3043 was recovered and blasts in the bone marrow were reduced. Also was decreased non-specific esterase positive neutrophils, indicating that the neutrophils were derived from abnormal myeloid clone.

title: [Non-specific esterase positive neutrophils in a case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB', 'refractory anemia with excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity18617 :: ('MESH:C027876', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity2863 :: ('MESH:C006972', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspirate']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity7139 :: (MESH:D000754,Disease) :: ['refractory anemia with excess of blasts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate results of endovascular stent-graft placement for @entity439 of the descending aorta in 3 Finnish university hospitals during 1998-2010. METHODS: Among 158 consecutive @entity1 treated with stent-graft placement for disease of the descending thoracic aorta, all 69 @entity1 (58 @entity1 ; mean age 71.7 years, range 54-90) with an @entity439 were included in the analysis. Medical records, radiological images, and national death records were collected and analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality rate was 3.7% in 54 elective @entity1 and 46.7% in 15 urgently treated acute @entity1 . The paraparesis rate was 4.3%, and the major @entity64 rate was 4.3% after the operation. There were 4 @entity1756 , all in the urgent group, two of whom had access failure. The other two died despite seemingly good initial results. The mean follow-up was 34.8  29 months. Two late @entity397 occurred in @entity1 who were lost to follow-up. In all, 12 type I (10 early, 2 late) and 1 late @entity1070 were encountered in the observation period. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, endovascular treatment of @entity439 of the descending aorta is relatively safe. To reduce the risk of @entity260 , optimal preoperative imaging is mandatory. Postoperative regular imaging controls are indicated for early detection and prompt treatment of late type I or III endoleaks and to reduce the risk of late @entity397 .

title: Early and midterm outcomes after endovascular treatment of XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta: a Finnish multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type III endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['degenerative aneurysms']


abstract: CONTEXT: - @entity10922 and @entity35372 immunomarkers have a crucial role in differentiating @entity2220 from @entity957 and in identifying a primary @entity2220 when working on a @entity5 of unknown origin. OBJECTIVES: -To investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity41563 in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in the detection of expression of these biomarkers in @entity2220 and to compare RNAscope to immunohistochemical techniques. DESIGN: -Both RNAscope and the immunohistochemical assays for @entity10922 and @entity35372 were performed on tissue microarray sections containing 80 @entity2220 and 80 @entity957 . The RNAscope assay for both @entity10922 and @entity35372 was also performed on 220 @entity420 from various organs. RESULTS: -The RNAscope assay for @entity10922 gave positive results in 92.5% (74 of 80) of the @entity2220 ; in contrast, immunohistochemistry gave positive results in 82.5% (66 of 80) of those cases. The RNAscope assay for @entity35372 gave positive results in 90% (72 of 80) of @entity2220 ; immunohistochemistry results were positive in 77.5% (62 of 80) of those cases. @entity35372 expression was not seen in @entity957 by either method. In contrast, @entity10922 expression was seen in 3.8% (3 of 80) (1(+)) and 10% (8 of 80) (1(+)) of the @entity957 by immunochemistry and the RNAscope, respectively. All @entity420 results were negative for @entity10922 by the RNAscope assay. CONCLUSIONS: -Preliminary data suggest that RNAscope is superior to immunohistochemistry in detecting @entity10922 and @entity35372 expression in primary @entity2220 . Therefore, performing an RNAscope assay may be considered for both @entity10922 and @entity35372 (-) cases with a clinical suspicion of @entity2220 . The @entity10922 results should be interpreted with caution because a small percentage of @entity957 can be focally positive by either assay.

title: @entity41563 In Situ Hybridization Is a More Sensitive Method Than Immunohistochemistry in Detection of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 and @entity35372 Expression in Lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas', 'lung squamous cell carcinoma', 'lung squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'nonpulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41563 :: ('D012313', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinomas']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 was referred to our department after being diagnosed with right @entity3041 on the basis of computed tomography (CT). CT and magnetic resonance imaging results indicated circumferential wall thickening in the right middle ureter. A retrograde pyelogram revealed an approximately 20 mm stricture in the right middle ureter, and urine cytology results were pseudo-positive. Ureteroscopy was performed due to suspicion of a @entity150 , but no malignant lesions were found. Biopsy results showed only the pathology of nonspecific @entity1901 , and a diagnosis could not be made even with immunostaining. The @entity1 's blood IgG4 levels were high (317 mg/dl). Based on the diagnostic criteria, the @entity1 was given a possible diagnosis of an IgG4-related disease and treated by the placement ofa ureteral stent and administration of @entity479 therapy. After starting treatment, blood IgG4 levels decreased and the imaging findings showed improvement. The ureteral stent was removed in the 12th week, and @entity479 administration was discontinued in the 14th week. No recurrence has since been noted.

title: [Possible Diagnosis of Segmental Ureteritis Due to an IgG4-Related Disease that Improved with XXXX Therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteritis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor of the urinary tract']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the feasibility of primary treatment with extended-field irradiation and weekly @entity900 (extended-field concurrent chemoradiotherapy, EFCCRT) as initial therapy in @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics @entity3846 to IIIB @entity5 with paraaortic or high common iliac lymph node @entity3 . METHODS: @entity1 comprised @entity1 with confirmed @entity5 , showing paraaortic or high common iliac lymph node @entity3 on diagnostic imaging, treated with EFCCRT. Total external radiation doses were 50.4 Gy to the whole pelvis and 45.0 Gy to the lumbar paraaortic region. High-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy was performed to deliver a total dose of 18-24 Gy in 6-Gy fractions prescribed at point A. Weekly @entity900 (30-40 mg/m(2)) was given concurrently with radiotherapy. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated. Median follow-up interval was 34 months. The dose of @entity900 was 30 mg/m(2) in 2 cases, 35 mg/m(2) in 8 cases, and 40 mg/m(2) in 14 cases. Twenty-two cases (92 %) received more than 160 mg/m(2) @entity900 . Ten cases (42 %) experienced acute grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 , and 9 cases (38 %) experienced acute grade 3 nonhematological @entity137 . No case presented late grade 3/4 @entity137 . Three-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 54 % and 72 %, respectively. Eleven cases recurred during follow-up. Sites of recurrence were within the irradiation field in 4 cases, outside the field in 6 cases, and in both fields in 1 case. CONCLUSION: EFCCRT and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for @entity1 with paraaortic or high common iliac lymph node @entity3 from @entity5 is feasible.

title: Feasibility of extended-field irradiation and intracavitary brachytherapy combined with weekly @entity900 chemosensitization for IB2-IIIB XXXX with positive paraaortic or high common iliac lymph nodes: a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study anatomic biologic contouring (ABC), using a previously described distinct halo, to unify volume contouring methods in treatment planning for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity135 at various sites were planned for radiation therapy using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The ABC halo was used in all PET/CT scans to contour the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) edge. The CT-based GTV (GTV-CT) and PET/CT-based GTV (GTV-ABC) were contoured by two independent radiation oncologists. RESULTS: The ABC halo was observed in all @entity1 studied. The halo had a standard unit value of 2.19 +/- 0.28. The mean halo thickness was 2.02 +/- 0.21 mm. Significant volume modification (>or=25%) was seen in 17 of 25 @entity1 (68%) after implementation of GTV-ABC. Concordance among observers was increased with the use of the halo as a guide for GTV determination: 6 @entity1 (24%) had a <or=10% volume discrepancy with CT alone, compared with 22 (88%) with PET/CT (p < 0.001). Interobserver variability decreased from a mean GTV difference of 20.3 cm3 in CT-based planning to 7.2 cm3 in PET/CT-based planning (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Using the "anatomic biologic halo" to contour GTV in PET/CT improves consistency among observers. The distinctive appearance of the described halo and its presence in all of the studied @entity5 make it attractive for GTV contouring in @entity135 . Additional studies are needed to confirm the correlation of the halo with presence of malignant cells.

title: The impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in edge delineation of gross @entity5 volume for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: Diet and food intake play an important role in the development of @entity170 . However, apart from @entity460 and @entity560 , how nutrients affect bone status is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in Japanese postmenopausal @entity1 . This 5-year cohort study included 600 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 55-74 years at baseline in 2005. Information on demographics, nutrition, and lifestyle was obtained through interviews, and nutritional and dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. @entity79 measurements were performed by dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry. In 2010, 498 @entity1 underwent follow-up @entity79 examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine associations of predictor variables with @entity79 , adjusting for confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, coffee or @entity33977 consumption was positively associated with lumbar spine (P = 0.004) and total hip (P = 0.003) @entity79 , and @entity285 intake was positively associated with femoral neck (P = 0.005) and total hip (P = 0.001) @entity79 . In longitudinal analyses, @entity2067 (P = 0.028) and natto (fermented @entity1460 ) (P = 0.023) were positively associated with lumbar spine @entity79 , and meat or meat product consumption was inversely associated with total hip (P = 0.047) @entity79 . In conclusion, dietary factors other than @entity460 and @entity560 intake are predictors of bone mass and @entity604 in Japanese postmenopausal @entity1 . In particular, natto intake is recommended for preventing @entity14577 on the basis of current evidence.

title: Association between Dietary Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Postmenopausal XXXX : The Yokogoshi Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Retroperitoneal @entity548 (or @entity8678 ) refers to an accumulation of blood found in the retroperitoneal space. It is a rare clinical entity with variable aetiology including anticoagulation, @entity1755 , @entity656 , @entity5 , and @entity548 from @entity8 . Diagnosis of @entity548 is sometimes missed or delayed as presentation is often nonspecific. Multislice CT and arteriography are important for diagnosis. There is no consensus about the best management plan for @entity1 with @entity8678 . Stable @entity1 can be managed with fluid resuscitation, correction of @entity1003 if any, and blood transfusion. Endovascular options involving selective intra-arterial embolisation or stent-grafts are clearly getting more and more popularity. Open repair is usually reserved for cases when there is failure of conservative or endovascular measures to control the @entity548 or expertise is unavailable and in cases where the @entity1 is unstable. Mortality of @entity1 with @entity8678 remains high if appropriate and timely measures are not taken. @entity548 from a @entity5 is a rarer entity which is described in this case report which emphasizes that physicians should have a wide index of suspicion when dealing with @entity1 presenting with significant groin, @entity615 , or haemodynamic instability of unclear cause. Our @entity1 presented with features of acute abdomen and, being pregnant, was thought of having a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

title: Not All Acute Abdomen Cases in Early Pregnancy Are Ectopic; Expect the Unexpected: @entity8 Causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal bleed', 'Haemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal haematoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['flank, abdominal, or back pain']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Massive Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop flexible classifiers that predict @entity5 using a large database from nine centers. METHODS: The database consisted of 1066 @entity1 with at least one persistent @entity4134 for which a large amount of clinical and ultrasound data were recorded. The outcome of interest was the histological classification of the @entity4134 as benign or malignant. The outcome was predicted using Bayesian least squares support vector machines in comparison with relevance vector machines. The models were developed on a training set (n=754) and tested on a test set (n=312). RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 (n=266) had a @entity5 . Variable selection resulted in a set of 12 variables for the models: age, maximal diameter of the ovary, maximal diameter of the solid component, personal history of @entity43 , hormonal therapy, very strong intratumoral blood flow (i.e. color score 4), @entity843 , presumed ovarian origin of @entity5 , @entity5 , blood flow within papillary projections, irregular internal cyst wall and acoustic shadows. Test set area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) for all models exceeded 0.940, with a sensitivity above 90% and a specificity above 80% for all models. The least squares support vector machine model with linear kernel performed very well, with an AUC of 0.946, 91% sensitivity and 84% specificity. The models performed well in the test sets of all the centers. CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian kernel-based methods can accurately separate malignant from benign masses. The robustness of the models will be investigated in future studies.

title: Preoperative diagnosis of XXXX using Bayesian kernel-based methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in adnexal masses', 'tumor', 'multilocular-solid tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The protein storage vacuole (PSV) is a plant-specific organelle that accumulates reserve proteins, one of the main agricultural products obtained from crops. Despite the importance of this process, the cellular machinery required for transport and accumulation of storage proteins remains largely unknown. Interfering with transport to PSVs has been shown to result in secretion of cargo. Therefore, secretion of a suitable marker could be used as an assay to identify mutants in this pathway. @entity30457 , a negative regulator of shoot stem cell proliferation, is an extracellular ligand that is rendered inactive when targeted to vacuoles. We devised an assay where trafficking mutants secrete engineered vacuolar @entity30457 and show reduced meristems, a phenotype easily detected by visual inspection of plants. We tested this scheme in plants expressing VAC2, a fusion of @entity30457 to the vacuolar sorting signal from the storage protein @entity2247 lectin. In this way, we determined that trafficking of VAC2 requires the SNARE @entity26227 but not its close homologue, the conditionally redundant @entity38066 protein. Furthermore, a @entity26227 mutant is specifically altered in transport of storage proteins, whereas a @entity38066 mutant is affected in transport of a lytic vacuole marker. These results demonstrate the specialization of @entity26227 and @entity38066 in mediating trafficking to storage and lytic vacuoles, respectively. Moreover, they validate the VAC2 secretion assay as a simple method to isolate genes that mediate trafficking to the PSV.

title: Divergent functions of @entity26227 and XXXX in trafficking to storage and lytic vacuoles in Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity38066 :: (833947(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['VTI11']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the diagnostic yield of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in urine samples for the rapid diagnosis of @entity11570 compared to that of conventional microbiological techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an SYBR Green I LightCycler based real-time polymerase chain reaction to retrospectively study 10 urine samples from @entity1 with @entity11570 . The assay amplifies a 223 bp sequence of a gene that codes for the synthesis of an immunogenetic membrane protein specific for Brucella genus (BCSP31). After amplifying this 223 bp sequence we performed melting curve analysis to verify the specificity of polymerase chain reaction products. RESULTS: @entity6467 was isolated from blood cultures in 9 cases (90%). Wright's seroagglutination was negative or inconclusive in 30% of cases. Brucella was isolated from urine in only 1 case, whereas real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in urine was positive in 9 (90%). Also, results were available in 4 hours, whereas mean time to availability of the final blood culture results was 5.8 days (range 4.5 to 7). CONCLUSIONS: SYBR Green I LightCycler based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in urine samples is highly sensitive and specific, and easy to perform. It could provide the clinician with results in less than 5 hours. The technique could be a practical and useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of genitourinary complications of @entity1 @entity3377 .

title: Rapid diagnosis of XXXX by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in urine samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['brucella epididymo-orchitis', 'Brucella epididymo-orchitis']

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['Brucella epididymo-orchitis']


abstract: @entity66 are the main causes of neurological events occurring during pregnancy and puerperium. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and imaging scans of females presenting with @entity64 during pregnancy or puerperium. We selected the cases with abnormal initial CT and/or MRI and a radiological follow-up until stabilization of the @entity16 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with ages ranging from 21-38 years were found. The hospital admission occurred between the second trimester of pregnancy and the first two weeks after delivery. In six cases there was a clinical setting of @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ): five with reversible @entity75 syndromes ( @entity101 -like @entity75 ) and one with a @entity1410 in a @entity2102 @entity1 . Three other cases had a clinical setting of @entity101 , not fulfilling the @entity5029 criteria, presented with @entity385 in one case and lenticular @entity1410 in the other two. The other two cases were a @entity510 in a @entity1 with a @entity438 and a cortical @entity1188 in a @entity1 with @entity50 . CONCLUSION: @entity101 is the major underlying factor in peri-partum @entity64 . @entity5029 syndrome is the major leading cause of @entity64 in the peri-partum and maternal morbidity/mortality. MRI is very useful in evaluating this entity and, may have a positive impact on the management protocol.

title: [ XXXX in pregnancy and puerperium].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarct']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['lateral sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarct']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29555 ( @entity29555 ) are frequently associated with focal intractable @entity302 . Epileptogenicity is usually attributed to hemosiderin deposits. Combined recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a new method to investigate @entity302 discharges. METHODS: We used EEG-fMRI to identify BOLD responses to interictal spikes in @entity1 with @entity29555 . Responses were analyzed in the lesional and perilesional area, and at distance. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were scanned, all with @entity1315 and spikes. One @entity1 had bilateral spikes, analyzed separately, and three studies with less than two spikes were excluded. All six studies analyzed showed BOLD responses. No response was found in the lesion itself or immediate periphery, and the raw fMRI signal showed signal loss in lesional and perilesional areas in all @entity1 . Responses were close to the perilesional area in 2/6 studies. All @entity1 showed responses at a distance from the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite susceptibility artifacts caused by @entity68 deposits, we demonstrated EEG-fMRI responses involving the perilesional areas in 33% of studies. We also demonstrated diffuse rather than focal responses, in accordance with previous studies in lesional and non-lesional @entity1315 , confirming the frequent distant effect of @entity302 spikes.

title: Metabolic correlates of XXXX spikes in cerebral cavernous angiomas.

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity29555 :: ('MESH:C536610', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral cavernous angiomas', 'CCA']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Natural @entity137 , mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, has been believed to play an important role in inhibiting experimental @entity5 @entity3 , and diminished NK cell activities leads to a high incidence of @entity5 occurrence. Despite convincing evidence from experimental studies, the role of NK cells in the immunological surveillance against @entity5 in @entity1 is poorly defined. METHODS: The present study was based on a retrospective analysis of data on 156 @entity1 with @entity356 , who were surgically treated in the Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Hospital from 1993 to 1996. All @entity1 were examined for NK cell activity based on a peripheral blood sampling done preoperatively. RESULTS: Significant association between NK cell activity and clinicopathological parameters including @entity5 size, lymphatic involvement, vascular involvement, and lymph node @entity3 was evident. When comparing the two groups according to NK cell activity, @entity5 with low NK cell activity tend to have lymphatic involvement. The 5-yr survival rates were 94.6% and 72.3% for those with NK cell activity > 25% lysis and < or = 25% lysis, respectively, the value being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The independent risk factors for prognosis examined by logistic regression analysis were lymphatic involvement. NK cell activity, depth of @entity5 invasion, and lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: These current data showed that NK cell activity may be related to @entity5 volume and dissemination. Measurement of preoperative NK cell activity may be pertinent for the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity356 and for follow-up clinical management.

title: Prognostic significance of natural killer cell activity in XXXX with @entity356 : a multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In 2006, a pathogenic variant of the common intestinal organism @entity8184 was discovered in @entity1 who were experiencing chronic @entity344 . Most species of @entity8184 inhabit @entity1 with no symptoms. The discovery of a pathogenic variant of @entity8184 is significant, because @entity8184 is related to Entamoeba, a similar organism with pathogenic variants that kill over 100,000 @entity1 each year. Recent research has shown that @entity8184 may be undetectable using existing clinical methods. Medical case reports from the Middle East, Europe, and United States suggest that @entity281 with this variant may already be widespread and misdiagnosed as one of several functional disorders. HYPOTHESIS: A more virulent or transmissible type of @entity8184 emerged in the Middle East in the 1980's, and was transmitted to Europe and the United States by military and more significantly vacation and business travel. The lack of adequate tests made it impossible to detect the @entity281 . Transmission to the larger population resulted in rising @entity29 ( @entity29 ) rates in Europe in the 1990's. The relationship between @entity29 and @entity2438 is explored, along with the possibility that the same pathogen causes both conditions. SUPPORTING DATA: Serological and epidemiological findings are presented supporting the hypothesis. @entity8184 survives sewage treatment, shows low host specificity, and can be spread by many animals. Several communities which have been studied due to high @entity2438 rates are located close to rivers which receive large quantities of sewage effluent, such as South Thames (England), Olmsted County (Minnesota, USA) and many communities in Oregon (USA). CONCLUSIONS: Scientists from other countries represent the first line of defense against @entity7823 , but their publications on @entity8184 are not well known in the United States and Europe. With the publication of corroborating research by Western scientists in core scientific journals, it is hoped that an appropriate response from the public health system will be forthcoming. Investigation into the existence of @entity281 in the groups mentioned with sensitive and specific tests should be performed. Such tests could include a serum antibody test and a Polymerase Chain Reaction test specific to the pathogenic variant.

title: Is this recently characterized gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for rising rates of @entity29 ( XXXX ) and @entity29 associated @entity2438 in Europe and the United States in the 1990s?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis infections', 'Blastocystis']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Although hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) has been used clinically for 3 decades, there have been few controlled clinical trials. Animal models have not been adequate to test the efficacy of HBO in the treatment of chronic wounds, either by itself or in combination with growth factors. We hypothesize that HBO is as efficacious as a prototype growth factor in improving wound healing in a new animal model of @entity63 chronic wounds. DESIGN: Twenty-five aged @entity95 and 3 young @entity95 had their ears rendered chronically @entity63 and @entity1066 were created down to the level of cartilage. These @entity1066 were treated in 1 of 3 ways: with HBO, 90 minutes per day, Monday through Friday, for 4 weeks; with @entity4827 at 1 microg/cm(2); or with both modalities combined. Controls were treated with vehicle or hyperbaric room air or both. RESULTS: This model created an aged/ @entity63 wound that failed to heal spontaneously up to 26 days after wounding (88% reduction compared with aged/nonischemic controls). Hyperbaric @entity26 alone and @entity4827 alone both improved healing rate (only 38% reduction in healing compared with aged/nonischemic controls). Combined therapy produced no additional improvement over either modality by itself. CONCLUSIONS: In aged animals, HBO and @entity4827 were equally effective in improving wound healing. Our data suggest that HBO alone may be more effective in the chronic wound than in the acute wound. There was no additive benefit to combining modalities as has been reported in the same wound model in young @entity95 .

title: Enhancement of wound healing by hyperbaric XXXX and transforming growth factor beta3 in a new chronic wound model in aged @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4827 :: ('100358982(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta(3)']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity302 is a clinical paroxysmal disorder of recurring @entity410 , excluding @entity167 or drug withdrawal @entity410 or such recurring exogenous events as repeated insulin-induced @entity4053 . @entity302 has a profound impact on each individual diagnosed with this disease. @entity410 have been and are thought to arise as a result of abnormalities in (a) neural circuits, (b) excitation/inhibition balance, (c) @entity972 , and (d) @entity74 . Therapy for @entity302 is either medical, entailing the use of a variety of antiepileptic drugs, or surgical. An urgent approach to @entity410 control is indicated when @entity159 occurs. When all standard therapy fails, general anesthesia can be used to control @entity159 . Surgery is an option in the treatment of @entity302 and requires extensive preoperative evaluation. The primary concerns for the neuroanesthesiologist anesthetizing the @entity1 with @entity302 are the capacity of anesthetics to modulate or potentiate @entity410 activity and the interaction of anesthetic drugs with antiepileptic drugs. Proconvulsant and anticonvulsant properties have been reported for nearly every anesthetic. If @entity410 spikes are to be evoked during @entity410 surgery, then light anesthesia with a proconvulsant anesthetic is used. Conscious analgesia can be used for awake @entity410 surgery. However, if electrocorticography is not planned, then a general anticonvulsant anesthetic maintenance regimen is used. The latter technique also may be useful in @entity1 whose anesthetic management is complicated by an incidental history of @entity302 .

title: Anesthetic implications of @entity302 , XXXX , and @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The feeling of hunger and feeding, a wake-state-dependent behavior, is regulated by specific centers within the hypothalamus. While paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and dorso- and ventromedial hypothalamus (DMH/VMH) regulate feeding, the @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) is associated both with feeding and wake/REM sleep regulation. In order to examine the effects of sleep and wakefulness on food intake and body weight, we also measured hypothalamic @entity855 concentrations, which are known to be involved in feeding behavior and sleep-wake regulation. METHODS: In @entity35 , food intake and body weight was measured during a 24-h light-dark cycle and during 6 h of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) performed by gentle handling. Tissue samples from the PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH, and @entity2339 were collected after 6 h of @entity1949 and from time-matched diurnal controls. @entity855 was measured by @entity10051 -luciferase bioluminescence assay. RESULTS: Across the 24-h light-dark period, @entity35 consumed approximately 28.13  4.48 g of food and gained 5.22  1.65 g with a positive correlation between food intake and body weight. During @entity1949 , while food intake increased significantly +147.31  6.13%, they lost weight significantly (-93.29  13.64%) when compared to undisturbed controls. @entity1949 resulted in a significant decrease in @entity855 levels only in @entity2339 (-44.60  21.13%) with no change in PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH region when compared with undisturbed controls. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a strong overall correlation between @entity855 concentrations in the @entity2339 and individual food intake and suggest a sleep-wake dependent neuronal control of food intake and body weight.

title: Sleep, brain energy levels, and food intake: Relationship between hypothalamic @entity855 concentrations, food intake, and body weight during @entity1949 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity10051 :: ('CHEBI:25078', 'Chemical') :: ['luciferin']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['LH', 'lateral hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The levels of production, ascarid burden and @entity1576 were measured on 15 purposively selected @entity1707 herds, and the relationships between the various measures of ascarid burden were examined. On each farm 30 randomly selected @entity1707 were weighed and rectal fecal samples were collected at approximately 11, 15, 19 and 22 weeks of age, and at slaughter. Fecal ascarid-egg counts and duration of @entity281 were combined to calculate a composite measure of ascarid burden called "lifetime burden". At the abattoir the carcass weight and levels of anteroventral @entity55 , @entity21650 , and @entity409 were recorded for each hog. The number of ascarids in the small intestines were counted. Study hogs were marketed at an average of 189 +/- 22 days. The average dressed carcass weight was 77.0 +/- 5.9 kg and the mean average daily gain was 0.519 +/- 0.071 kg/day. The percent of hogs with @entity2329 varied widely among farms, no matter what measure of @entity2329 was used; the percent with intestinal ascarids at slaughter ranged from 0% to 96%, the percent that shed ascarid eggs during their lifetime ranged from 0% to 100%, and the range for hogs with @entity409 ranged from 27% to 100%. Of the hogs slaughtered, 82% had milk spot lesions, 32% shed ascarid eggs during their lifetime and 35% had intestinal ascarids. The latter had an average of 12 intestinal ascarids. Anteroventral @entity55 occurred in 55% of the slaughtered hogs and 9% had @entity21650 scores of five. The percent of hogs per farm with @entity55 ranged from 17% to 96%. The percent of hogs per farm with @entity21650 scores of five ranged from 0% to 57%.

title: @entity2329 , @entity1576 and production indices in selected Prince Edward Island XXXX herds.

entities_list: @entity21650 :: ('MESH:D012222', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ) is characterized by a high @entity174 rate and great heterogeneity. This cross-sectional study presents skeletal investigations and protein analyses in 85 adult @entity6926 @entity1 . We find significant differences in bone mass, architecture, and @entity174 rate that correlate well with the underlying biochemical and molecular abnormalities. INTRODUCTION: @entity6926 is a @entity74 characterized by compromised connective tissue predominantly caused by mutations in collagen type 1 (COL-1) encoding genes. Widespread symptoms reflect the ubiquity of COL-1 throughout the body. The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of clinical manifestations by investigating anthropometry and skeletal phenotypes (DXA, HRpQCT) in an adult @entity6926 population and compare the findings to underlying COL-1 genotype and structure. METHODS: The study comprised 85 @entity6926 @entity1 aged 45  (19-78)  years, Sillence type I (n  =  58), III (n  =  12), and IV (n  =  15). All @entity1 underwent DXA, HRpQCT, spine X- @entity16039 , biochemical testing, and anthropometry. @entity13239 and @entity4173 were sequenced and 68 @entity6926 causing mutations identified (46 in @entity13239 , 22 in @entity4173 ). Analysis of COL-1 structure (quantitative/qualitative defect) by @entity214 -PAGE was performed in a subset (n  =  67). RESULTS: A qualitative collagen defect predisposed to a more severe phenotype with reduced aBMD, more @entity174 , and affected anthropometry compared to @entity1 with a quantitative COL-1 defect (p  <  0.05). HRpQCT revealed significant differences between @entity1 with @entity6926 and IV. @entity1 with type I had lower vBMD (p  <  0.005), thinner cortexes (p  <  0.001), and reduced trabecular number (p  <  0.005) compared to @entity1 with type IV indicating that HRpQCT may distinguish type I from type IV better than DXA. CONCLUSION: The defective collagen in @entity1 with @entity6926 has pronounced effects on the skeleton. The classical @entity6926 types based on the clinical classification show profound differences in bone mass and architecture and the differences correlate well with the underlying biochemical and molecular collagen abnormalities.

title: Skeletal phenotypes in adult @entity1 with osteogenesis imperfecta-correlations with @entity13239 / XXXX genotype and collagen structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['OI', 'OI type I', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity4173 :: (1278,Gene) :: ['COL1A2']


abstract: We evaluated the potential of @entity419 PET/CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to monitor the histologic response in @entity1 with extremity @entity421 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using sequential PET/CT and MR imaging. METHODS: We prospectively registered 28 @entity1 with high-grade @entity421 treated with 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. All @entity1 underwent sequential @entity419 PET/CT and MR imaging before (PET/ @entity29817 ) and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (PET/MR2). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), @entity5 volume based on MR imaging (MRV), and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured on PET/ @entity29817 (SUV1, @entity5765 , and ADC1) and PET/MR2 (SUV2, @entity5765 , and ADC2). The percentage changes in maximum SUV (/\SUV), MRV (/\MRV), and ADC (/\ADC) were calculated, and the correlations among these parameters were evaluated. After surgery, the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were graded histopathologically: grades III and IV ( @entity39 of >=  90%) indicated a good response, and grades I and II ( @entity39 of < 90%) indicated a poor response. The optimum cutoff values of /\SUV, /\MRV, /\ADC, and their combination for predicting histologic response were assessed by single- and multi-receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in the present study after 1 @entity1 with inadequate acquisition of MR imaging was excluded. /\SUV and /\ADC negatively correlated with each other (   = -0.593, P = 0.001), and /\MRV did not correlate with /\SUV or /\ADC. The cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting good histologic response were  <= -52%, 67%, 87%, and 78%, respectively, for /\SUV and > 13%, 83%, 73%, and 78%, respectively, for /\ADC. However, /\MRV did not predict histologic response. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 83%, 87%, and 85%, respectively, using the combined criterion of /\SUV  <= -31% and /\ADC > 13%. CONCLUSION: In the current preliminary study, both PET/CT and DWI are useful for predicting histologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity421 . Combining PET/CT and DWI may be an effective method to predict the histologic response of @entity1 to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Combination of @entity419 PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging as a predictor of histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: preliminary results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: 1. The Rathke's gland secretions of @entity23116 ( @entity23116 ) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) sea turtles contain 20 and 10 mg of protein/ml, respectively. The proteins of each species were separated by gel filtration into two major fractions, one (35%) in the excluded volume, and one (50%) with a molecular mass of approximately 55 kDA. 2. The 55 kDa fraction from each species' secretions exhibits a single band on SDS-PAGE (Mr approximately equal to 55,000) and a single @entity1472 -terminal sequence. 3. The @entity535 compositions of the two 55 kDa proteins are similar, and the first 15 residues of their @entity1472 terminus are identical. Both proteins contain @entity4823 . 4. Analyses of the @entity535 and @entity17596 composition of the high molecular weight fractions from the two turtle species also indicate similarities; there are distinct differences between them and their 55 kDa proteins.

title: Glycoproteins in Rathke's gland secretions of XXXX ( @entity23116 ) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) sea turtles.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity23116 :: ('8467', 'Species') :: ['loggerhead', 'Caretta caretta']

entities_list: @entity17596 :: ('CHEBI:28963', 'Chemical') :: ['amino sugar']

answer: @entity23116 :: (8467,Species) :: ['loggerhead']