abstract: PURPOSE: The authors assessed comorbidity of @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ), @entity73 ( @entity73 ), and @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) in school-age @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 (N = 68) with suspected @entity1650 and nonverbal IQ standard scores of 80 or more were assessed using auditory, language, reading, attention, and memory measures. Auditory processing tests included the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT; F. E. Musiek, 1994; D. Noffsinger, R. H. Wilson, _ F. E. Musiek, 1994); the Dichotic Digit Test Version 2 ( @entity318 ; F. E. Musiek, 1983); the Random Gap Detection Test (R. W. Keith, 2000); the 500-Hz tone Masking Level Difference (V. Aithal, A. Yonovitz, _ S. Aithal, 2006); and a monaural low-redundancy speech test (compressed and reverberant words; A. Boothroyd _ S. Nittrouer, 1988). The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (E. Semel, E. Wiig, _ W. Secord, 2003) was used to assess language abilities (including auditory memory). Reading accuracy and fluency and phonological awareness abilities were assessed using the Wheldall Assessment of Reading Passages (A. Madelaine _ K. Wheldall, 2002) and the Queensland University Inventory of Literacy (B. Dodd, A. Holm, M. Orelemans, _ M. McCormick, 1996). Attention was measured using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (J. A. Sandford _ A. Turner, 1995). RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 72% had @entity1650 on the basis of these test results. Most of these @entity1 (25%) had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally. A further 22% had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally and had @entity2169 for the @entity318 . About half of the @entity1 (47%) had problems in all 3 areas ( @entity1650 , @entity73 , and @entity5545 ); these @entity1 had the poorest FPT scores. More had @entity1650 - @entity5545 , or @entity1650 - @entity73 , than @entity1650 , @entity5545 , or @entity73 alone. There were modest correlations between FPT scores and attention and memory, and between @entity318 scores and memory. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 and @entity5545 commonly co-occur with @entity1650 . Attention and memory are linked to performance on some auditory processing tasks but only explain a small amount of the variance in scores. Comprehensive assessment across a range of areas is required to characterize the difficulties experienced by @entity1 with @entity1650 .

title: Comorbidity of auditory processing, language, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'language impairment']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory processing disorder', 'APD']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['right ear deficits']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'reading disorder']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['reading disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to model and calculate the absorbed fraction    of energy emitted from yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microsphere treatment of @entity96 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The @entity5 @entity39 model was proposed for the calculation of    over the spherical shell region. Two approaches, the semianalytic method and the probabilistic method, were adopted. In the former method, the range--energy relationship and the sampling of electron paths were applied to calculate the energy deposition within the target region, using the straight-ahead and continuous-slowing-down approximation (CSDA) method. In the latter method, the Monte Carlo PENELOPE code was used to verify results from the first method. RESULTS: The fraction of energy,   , absorbed from (90)Y by 1-cm thickness of @entity5 shell from microsphere distribution by CSDA with complete beta spectrum was 0.832    0.001 and 0.833    0.001 for smaller (r( @entity5 ) = 5 cm) and larger (r( @entity5 ) = 10 cm) @entity5 (where r is the radii of the @entity5 [ @entity5 ] and @entity39 [ @entity39 ]). The fraction absorbed depended mainly on the thickness of the @entity5 @entity39 configuration, rather than on @entity5 @entity39 size. The maximal absorbed fraction    that occurred in @entity5 without central @entity39 for each size of @entity5 was different: 0.950    0.000, and 0.975    0.000 for smaller (r( @entity5 ) = 5 cm) and larger (r( @entity5 ) = 10 cm) @entity5 , respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 @entity39 model was developed for dose calculation of (90)Y microsphere treatment of @entity99 with central @entity39 . With this model, important information is provided regarding the absorbed fraction applicable to clinical (90)Y microsphere treatment.

title: Model-based radiation dose correction for yttrium-90 microsphere treatment of XXXX with central @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic liver tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Partial or complete obliteration of the fat surrounding the @entity1593 and superior mesenteric artery on CT is considered so characteristic of @entity3123 that many consider it diagnostic. However, this finding may be present on CT scans of some treatable @entity5 . During a 2-year period, we retrospectively collected 10 cases of @entity5 that obliterated the fat surrounding the @entity1593 and/or superior mesenteric artery. Four @entity1 had metastatic disease, three had @entity706 , two had primary small-bowel @entity420 , and one had a @entity8703 . The scans were analyzed for presence, location, and morphology of the mass and biliary and/or @entity1124 . Of the @entity1 with metastatic disease, three had focal, retropancreatic, periceliac masses without ductal dilatation. One had an infiltrative retroperitoneal process enveloping the pancreas and causing @entity384 . Of the @entity1 with @entity706 , two had focal masses in the mesenteric root without ductal dilatation, and one had an infiltrative retroperitoneal process. Of the two @entity1 with @entity189 of the small bowel, one had a mesenteric mass without ductal dilatation and the other had an infiltrative retroperitoneal process enveloping the pancreatic head and obstructing the ducts. The @entity1 with the @entity5 had an infiltrative retroperitoneal process enveloping the @entity384 . Obliteration of the fat surrounding the @entity1593 and superior mesenteric artery is not a specific CT finding of @entity788 . One cannot rely solely on its presence for the diagnosis of @entity3123 but should use other important findings such as a focal pancreatic mass and ductal dilatation.

title: Obliteration of the fat surrounding the XXXX and superior mesenteric artery is not a specific CT finding of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'nonpancreatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse retroperitoneal endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dilatation', 'pancreas without ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac axis']


abstract: Thyroid @entity792 is the most prevalent autoimmune state that affects up to 4% of @entity1 during the age of fertility. A growing body of clinical studies links @entity1669 as a cause of @entity249 and adverse pregnancy outcomes that includes miscarriage or preterm deliveries. Importantly, these adverse effects are persistent in euthyroid @entity1 . In the current review we elaborate on the pathogenesis that underlies @entity249 and increased @entity393 among @entity1 with @entity1669 . Such mechanisms include thyroid autoantibodies that exert their effect in a TSH-dependent but also in a TSH-independent manner. The later includes quantitative and qualitative changes in the profile of endometrial T cells with reduced secretion of @entity3646 and @entity688 along with hypersecretion of interferon-y. Polyclonal B cells activation is 2-3 time more frequent in @entity1669 and is associated with increased titers of non-organ specific autoantibodies. @entity2915 and Increased migration of cytotoxic natural killer cells that alter the immune and hormonal response of the uterus is up to 40% more common in @entity1 with @entity1669 . Lack of @entity560 was suggested as a predisposing factor to @entity792 , and was shown to be reduced in @entity1 with @entity1669 . In turn, its @entity249 and @entity393 , suggesting a potential interplay with @entity1669 in the context of @entity249 . In addition, thyroid autoantibodies were also suggested to alter fertility by targeting zona pellucida, @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin receptors and other placental antigens.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity249 and recurrent XXXX in @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'deficiency is also linked to infertility']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: Among approximately 20,000 apparently healthy subjects whose serum @entity165 and @entity412 (TG) values were screened at a health examination, those with the most pronounced hyperlipidaemia have been selected for further studies. Thus, 188 males and 126 females, aged 30-65 years, with asymptomatic @entity298 (HLP) and 59 male and 69 female controls with non-elevated serum lipids were studied with regard to frequency of ST segment @entity308 during exercise to near maximal heart rate. Furthermore, the concentrations of @entity165 and TG were determined in the lipoprotein (LP) classes very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP, separated by preparative ultracentrifugation. From the LP analysis each subject's HLP was classified according to the typing system of HLP recommended by the WHO. The frequency of @entity308 (Minnesota code 4.1-4.3 as well as 4.1-4.4) increased with age, was higher in females than in males and was increased in all types of HLP in males. The percentage frequencies of @entity308 4.1-4.4 in the various types of HLP were (male/female, p against controls): controls 16/36, type IIA 50 (p less than 0.01)/56, type IIB 64 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.05), type III 67 (p less than 0.01)/33 and type IV HLP 40 (p less than 0.01/53. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of @entity308 in subjects with "high" and "low" BP ( @entity101 were excluded from the study) or in subjects with "high" and "low" k-value for the i.v. @entity413 tolerance. Non-smokers had a tendency to higher frequencies of @entity308 than smokers. The association between different LPs and other "risk factors" and the occurrence of @entity308 in HLP were studied further with multiple regression analysis. Invariably age was the best predictor of @entity308 . The LP fraction giving the highest correlation coefficient was LDL @entity165 in both sexes. VLDL TG and LDL TG were also positively and significantly associated with @entity308 . HDL @entity165 was negatively but insignificantly correlated to @entity308 . When age and LDL @entity165 had been entered into the multiple regression, the only factor giving further significance was VLDL TG in males. Probability tables for the occurrence of @entity308 considering age and different levels of LDL @entity165 and VLDL TG were given. The importance of simultaneous consideration of both VLDL TG and LDL @entity165 in ST segment @entity308 was evident from the tables. Of other "risk factors" (BP, @entity413 tollerance, smoking, ESR) entered into the regression together with only age and the LPs, only ESR contributed with borderline significance to @entity308 .

title: Studies in asymptomatic XXXX . IV. ECG at rest and during exercise and its relation to various lipoprotein classes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressions', 'ST depressions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperlipoproteinaemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['primary hyperlipidaemia']


abstract: @entity1 ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytoplasmic acidic protein possibly involved in biological functions other than the inhibition of @entity30555 and angiogenin activities. We have previously shown that RI can inhibit growth and @entity3 in some @entity5 cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as the beginning of invasion and @entity3 and has been implicated in the @entity3 of @entity150 . We therefore postulate that RI regulates EMT of @entity150 cells. We find that the over-expression of RI induces the up-regulation of @entity5962 , accompanied with the decreased expression of proteins associated with EMT, such as @entity6076 , @entity4245 , @entity19099 , @entity2277 and Twist and of @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ), @entity1495 and @entity4910 , both in vitro and in vivo. The up-regulation of RI inhibits cell proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, alters cell morphology and adhesion and leads to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in vitro. We also demonstrate that the up-regulation of RI can decrease the expression of @entity12019 ( @entity12019 ), a central component of signaling cascades controlling an array of biological processes. The over-expression of RI reduces the phosphorylation of the @entity12019 downstream signaling targets p-Akt and p- @entity9459 in @entity1 cells. We further find that @entity150 with a high- @entity3 capability shows higher @entity2277 , @entity4245 , @entity19099 and Twist and lower @entity5962 and RI expression in @entity1 clinical specimens. Finally, we provide evidence that the up-regulation of RI inhibits tumorigenesis and @entity3 of @entity150 in vivo. Thus, RI might play a novel role in the development of @entity150 through regulating EMT and the @entity12019 signaling pathway.

title: A novel role of ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and @entity12019 signaling pathway in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity12019 :: ('3611', 'Gene') :: ['ILK', 'integrin-linked kinase']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloprotein-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Previous studies have shown an unexpectedly high nutrient requirement for efficient @entity1068 production by ethanologenic recombinants of @entity526 B such as LY01 which contain chromosomally integrated @entity15548 genes (pdc,adhB) encoding the @entity1068 pathway. The basis for this requirement has been identified as a media-dependent effect on the expression of the @entity15548 genes rather than a nutritional limitation. @entity1068 production was substantially increased without additional nutrients simply by increasing the level of @entity2388 decarboxylase activity. This was accomplished by adding a multicopy plasmid containing pdc alone (but not adhB alone) to strain LY01, and by adding multicopy plasmids which express pdc and adhB from strong promoters. New strong promoters were isolated from random fragments of @entity15548 DNA and characterized but were not used to construct integrated biocatalysts. These promoters contained regions resembling recognition sites for 3 different @entity526 sigma factors: sigma(70), sigma(38), and sigma(28). The most effective plasmid-based promoters for fermentation were recognized by multiple sigma factors, expressed both pdc and adhB at high levels, and produced @entity1068 efficiently while allowing up to 80% reduction in complex nutrients as compared to LY01. The ability to utilize multiple sigma factors may be advantageous to maintain the high levels of PDC and @entity6085 needed for efficient @entity1068 production throughout batch fermentation. From this work, we propose that the activation of biosynthetic genes in nutrient-poor media creates a biosynthetic burden that reduces the expression of chromosomal pdc and adhB by competing for transcriptional and translational machinery. This reduced expression can be viewed as analogous to the effect of plasmids (plasmid burden) on the expression of native chromosomal genes.

title: Biosynthetic burden and plasmid burden limit expression of chromosomally integrated heterologous genes (pdc, adhB) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity15548 :: ('542', 'Species') :: ['Zymomonas mobilis', 'Z. mobilis']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cut points for defining @entity28 have been derived from mortality data among Whites from Europe and the United States and their accuracy to screen for high risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in other ethnic groups has been questioned. OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy and to define ethnic and gender-specific optimal cut points for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) when they are used in screening for high risk of @entity301 in the Latin-American and the US populations. METHODS: We estimated the accuracy and optimal cut points for BMI, WC and WHR to screen for @entity301 risk in Latin Americans (n=18 976), non-Hispanic Whites (Whites; n=8956), non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks; n=5205) and Hispanics (n=5803). High risk of @entity301 was defined as a 10-year risk > or =20% (Framingham equation). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and the misclassification-cost term were used to assess accuracy and to identify optimal cut points. RESULTS: WHR had the highest AUC in all ethnic groups (from 0.75 to 0.82) and BMI had the lowest (from 0.50 to 0.59). Optimal cut point for BMI was similar across ethnic/gender groups (27 kg/m(2)). In @entity1 , cut points for WC (94 cm) and WHR (0.91) were consistent by ethnicity. In @entity1 , cut points for WC and WHR varied significantly with ethnicity: from 91 cm in Latin Americans to 102 cm in Whites, and from 0.94 in Latin Americans to 0.99 in Hispanics, respectively. CONCLUSION: WHR is the most accurate anthropometric indicator to screen for high risk of @entity301 , whereas BMI is almost uninformative. The same BMI cut point should be used in all @entity1 and @entity1 . Unique cut points for WC and WHR should be used in all @entity1 , but ethnic-specific cut points seem warranted among @entity1 .

title: Interethnic differences in the accuracy of anthropometric indicators of @entity28 in screening for high risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is often associated with significant levels of disability. Although @entity1295 and @entity308 have been found to be independently related to severity of disability, it is not clear how these three factors are mutually related. The present study sought to address this issue by specifically testing a model of mediation whereby @entity308 was hypothesized to influence relations between @entity1295 and disability. METHODS: @entity1 included 90 individuals seeking treatment for @entity5815 at a tertiary care facility. Each provided demographic information and completed standardized measures of @entity308 and @entity1295 severity, as well as a measure of disability, which assessed difficulties in physical, psychosocial, and independence domains. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that @entity308 and @entity1295 were positively correlated with one another, as well as all three disability domains. Analyses of mediation indicated that @entity308 completely mediated the relation between @entity1295 and @entity717 and partially mediated the relation between @entity1295 and the other two disability domains. Indirect effects tests indicated that the inclusion of @entity308 in the statistical models was statistically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: These results replicate previous findings that @entity1295 and @entity308 are independently related to disability in those with @entity5815 . A more complex statistical model, however, suggested that @entity308 severity substantially influenced the strength of the relation between @entity1295 and disability levels across a range of domains, including complete mediation in areas involving psychosocial functioning. These results may aid in clarifying contemporary conceptualizations of @entity5815 and provide guidance in the identification of appropriate treatment targets.

title: Does XXXX mediate the relation between @entity717 in @entity5815 sufferers?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disability']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preretinal neovascular formations called sea fans develop at the border of non-perfused peripheral retina in @entity3458 . Angiogenic factors which could contribute to their development, however, have not been examined previously. The objective of this study was to determine immunohistochemically if @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or @entity540 ( @entity540 ) were associated with sea fan formations. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry on cryosections was used to localise @entity540 , @entity7 , heparan @entity597 proteoglycan, human serum albumin, collagens IV and II, and @entity2880 factor in tissue from five sickle cell and one control subject. RESULTS: The greatest immunoreactivity for @entity7 and @entity540 was in the feeder and preretinal vessels of sea fans (p<0.01). The most prominent reaction product was localised to vascular endothelial cells. In retinal vessels, @entity7 and @entity540 immunoreactivities were greater in sickle cell subjects (both proliferative and non-proliferative) than in the control subject (p<0.01 and p<0.02 respectively). In the sickle cell retina, no angiogenic factor immunoreactivity was detected in non-perfused periphery and there was no significant difference in @entity540 or @entity7 immunoreactivity between perfused retina and the border of perfused and non-perfused areas. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate for the first time that @entity7 and @entity540 are associated with sea fan formations in @entity3458 . Both factors may function in an autocrine manner because immunoreactivity for these factors was greater within the neovascularisation than in adjacent retina.

title: Angiogenic factors in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['proliferative sickle cell retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to better describe and understand the prevalence of @entity0 treatment-related adverse effects amenable to physical therapy and rehabilitative exercise. Prior studies have been limited to single issues and lacked long-term follow-up. The Pulling Through Study provides data on prevalence of adverse effects in @entity0 survivors followed over 6 years. METHODS: A population-based sample of Australian @entity1 (n = 287) diagnosed with invasive, @entity0 was followed for a median of 6.6 years and prospectively assessed for treatment-related complications at 6, 12, and 18 months and 6 years after diagnosis. Assessments included postsurgical complications, skin or tissue reaction to radiation therapy, upper-body symptoms, @entity4269 , 10% weight @entity1295 . The proportion of @entity1 with positive indication for each complication and 1 or more complication was estimated using all available data at each time point. @entity1 were only considered to have a specific complication if they reported the highest 2 levels of the Likert scale for self-reported issues. RESULTS: At 6 years after diagnosis, more than 60% of @entity1 experienced 1 or more side effects amenable to rehabilitative intervention. The proportion of @entity1 experiencing 3 or more side effects decreased throughout follow-up, whereas the proportion experiencing no side effects remained stable around 40% from 12 months to 6 years. Weight gain was the only complication to increase in prevalence over time. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the development of a multidisciplinary prospective surveillance approach for the purposes of managing and treating adverse effects in @entity0 survivors.

title: Prevalence of XXXX treatment sequelae over 6 years of follow-up: the Pulling Through Study.

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['gain, fatigue, and upper-quadrant function']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3830 ( @entity8314 ) is an uncommon disease described mainly through isolated case reports. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the cutaneous spectrum, clinical associations, and course of disease in babies with anti-Ro-positive @entity8314 . METHODS: This is a retrospective case series evaluation of newborns with anti-Ro-positive @entity8314 seen at a single ambulatory care university center over a 20-year period. Cases were drawn from a population of 3.2 million. Follow-up was at least 3 years. RESULTS: Four @entity1 and 14 @entity1 were included in our evaluation. Distribution of @entity272 in 18 babies was as follows: face, 17; @entity735 " facial @entity1910 , 14; scalp, 15; arms and legs, 13; trunk and groin, 6. Crusted lesions were predominant in 3. Photosensitivity was seen in 12, and features of @entity8721 were observed in 4. In 17 neonatal lupus was not suspected until the dermatology consultation. Noncutaneous manifestations included @entity882 in 4, @entity1448 in 3, and @entity6015 in 3. Four @entity1 had residual @entity8721 that persisted for 3 or more years but eventually cleared in 2 @entity1 . Three babies had dyspigmentation that spontaneously cleared within 22 months. None had @entity194 or @entity2318 . CONCLUSION: Periorbital, scalp, and extremity lesions are common in cutaneous @entity8314 . Crusted lesions predominated in male @entity1 . In @entity1 selected by cutaneous involvement, @entity882 and @entity99 were present as frequently as @entity299 and occurred more frequently in male babies with crusted @entity272 . @entity1 with cutaneous @entity8314 should be evaluated for hematologic and hepatic as well as cardiac involvement.

title: The clinical spectrum of anti-Ro-positive cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia', 'cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['periorbital "owl-eye" or "eye mask']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart block']

answer: @entity8314 :: (MESH:C536397,Disease) :: ['neonatal lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We report a case of @entity632 -induced @entity296 with severe @entity339 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Mitral valve replacement (MVR) and papillary muscle approximation ( @entity4515 ) were effective for this case. A 68-year-old @entity1 had @entity632 -induced @entity296 and had required repetitive hospitalizations for @entity712 for the past 10 years. He also required additional @entity712 hospitalizations after implantation of a device to perform cardiac resynchronization therapy. His echocardiogram showed severe @entity339 and reduced left ventricular function. We performed MVR and @entity4515 for his @entity339 . We preserved the tendinous cords of the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve. His echocardiogram showed improved left ventricular systolic function and reduced left ventricular volume. He has made satisfactory progress after the operation and he has not required further hospitalizations for @entity712 . MVR with preservation of bilateral tendinous cords and @entity4515 are very effective procedures for @entity339 and intractable @entity296 .

title: [Mitral valve replacement and papillary muscle approximation after ineffective cardiac resynchronization therapy in a @entity1 with XXXX -induced @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['functional mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity792 , @entity4155 producing T-cells (Th17), a pro-inflammatory subset of T-cells, are pathophysiologically involved. There is little knowledge on the role of Th17 cells in @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA). In the present study, we investigated Th17 cells, Tregs and subsets of circulating Th17 cells in GPA and related results to disease activity. METHODS: 42 GPA @entity1 in remission, 18 with active disease and 14 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Th17 cells, their subsets and regulatory T-cells were determined by intracellular fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Data are given as mean percentage   SD of total T-helper-cells. RESULTS: Th17 cells are expanded in active and quiescent GPA as compared to HC (1.7  1.4% vs. 0.7   0.3%, P = 0.006 and 1.9   1.5% vs. 0.7   0.3%, P<0.0001). Th17 expansion is stable over time and does not decline when remission is achieved. However, a negative association of Th17 cells and @entity134 dosage is observed (r=-0.46, P = 0.002). The Th17 expansion was not balanced by Tregs as indicated by skewed Th17/Treg ratios in active and quiescent GPA. Th17 subsets co-producing IFNy or @entity688 are significantly increased in GPA. GPA @entity1 in remission not receiving maintenance therapy have significantly more @entity688 / @entity4155 double positive T-cells than HC (0.0501   0.031% vs. 0.0282   0.016%, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence for a persistent, unbalanced expansion of Th17 cells and Th17 subsets which seems to be independent of disease activity. Maintenance therapy reduces -but does not normalize- Th17 expansion.

title: Th17 expansion in @entity2883 with XXXX (Wegener's): the role of disease activity, immune regulation and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of @entity1 with @entity1526 outside of areas that are generally considered endemic. The aim of this investigation is to describe the clinical profile of a series of @entity1 with @entity1526 in Alicante, Spain, which is a province located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. This study was performed at four general hospitals in Alicante between January 2002 and May 2011. A total of 128 @entity1 from seven countries were diagnosed with @entity1527 . The main country of origin of these @entity1 was Bolivia (n5101; 78.9%), and the median of age of these @entity1 was 35 years (range: 0   72 years). Four (3.3%) @entity1 were @entity1 under 14 years of age, and 81 (63.3%) were female. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze 106 @entity1 , 66.0% of whom demonstrated positive PCR results. Visceral involvement was diagnosed in 26.8%: 24.1% demonstrated @entity299 , 0.9% demonstrated gastrointestinal involvement, 0.9% demonstrated @entity299 , and 0.9% demonstrated involvement of the central nervous system. @entity1163 was found to be associated with @entity296 (28.0% versus 5.2%) (odds ratio: 6.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.5   27.1). Seventy-six @entity1 received treatment with @entity5220 , of whom 57 (75.0%) completed the treatment course without significant adverse events and 17.1% discontinued @entity5220 due to adverse events. In total, 50% of @entity1 experienced documented adverse reactions. Among @entity1 with positive PCR results before treatment, all demonstrated negative PCR results following treatment. In conclusion, majority of our @entity1 were female Bolivians immigrants, one of four of our @entity1 demonstrated @entity299 , and treatment tolerance was poor. It is important to improve the clinical and epidemiological knowledge of @entity1526 in nonendemic with additional multicenter studies in order to determine the magnitude of this problem and provide improved public health and health resource planning.

title: Multicenter epidemiological and clinical study on imported XXXX in Alicante, Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity5220 :: ('MESH:C009999', 'Chemical') :: ['benznidazole']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas diseases']


abstract: Until recently, the transplantation of skeletal muscle across a major histocompatibility barrier has proved difficult. However, with the advent of @entity205 ( @entity870 ), it has become possible to achieve extended survival across such histocompatibility barriers. To date, very little is known about the histochemical, biochemical, immunological or contractile properties of long-term-surviving muscle allografts. Consequently, it was the focus of this study to histochemically examine muscle allografts prolonged with CsA and determine the cross-sectional area of fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Measurements of cross-sectional area were made because they are an important correlate to the amount of tension a muscle can generate. Animals were assigned randomly to one of three groups: control (normal) (n = 5), syngeneic (n = 4), and allogeneic (n = 4). Muscle allografts were performed by transplanting the gastrocnemius of an ACI @entity35 ( @entity10171 ) hindlimb into the hindlimb of a Lewis @entity35 (LEW;RT1(1]. The syngeneic model consisted of an ACI-to-ACI transplant. Animals in the allograft group were given CsA (8 mg/kg/day) until the time of sacrifice. At approximately 100 days following transplantation, both syngeneic and allogeneic muscles were removed from the recipient, and quickly frozen in @entity28633 cooled by liquid @entity1568 . Muscle fibers were classified as slow-oxidative (SO), fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), or fast-glycolytic (FG) based upon their staining for myofibrillar ATPase and @entity2125 -dehydrogenase. From each muscle, the cross-sectional area of approximately 175 FG muscle fibers was determined. The fast-glycolytic muscle fibers of both the syngeneic and allogeneic grafts demonstrated a substantial decrease in cross-sectional area. The mean value (+/- SD) for the fibers of the allografted muscle was 1165 +/- 533 microns 2. The mean (+/- SD) fiber cross-sectional area for the fibers of the syngeneic muscle was 973 +/- 421 microns 2. These values contrast with a mean (+/- SD) value of 3552 +/- 601 microns 2 for fibers from age-matched control animals. The differences between the syngeneic and allogeneic muscles were not significant (P greater than 0.05). However, both exhibited significant (P less than 0.01) @entity194 compared with the control muscle.

title: Histochemical properties of muscle allografts enhanced via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity28633 :: ('MESH:C067038', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentane']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Diltiazem and @entity594 could be synergic. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of their association. Eighteen @entity1 , 15 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , average age 61 +/- 6 years, with @entity5749 on effort, were studied. Eight @entity1 had @entity66 and 10 @entity1 had multivessel disease. The @entity1 underwent a randomised double-blind trial with 4 successive treatment periods each lasting one week: placebo; 360 mg/day of Diltiazem; 60 mg/day of @entity594 ; 180 mg/day of Diltiazem with 30 mg/day of @entity594 . The benefits were evaluated clinically, by exercise stress testing and with drug plasma concentrations at the end of each sequence. The results at the end of the 3 treatment periods were significantly better than with placebo. Diltiazem was significantly better than @entity594 with respect to the development of angina during exercise testing (1 @entity1 compared with 7 @entity1 ) and to maximum load (118.3 +/- 33.3 watts compared with 105.9 +/- 35.4 watts) (p less than 0.05). The association of the two drugs did not give better results than Diltiazem alone. Compared with placebo, the total duration of exercise testing and the duration of 1 mm ST @entity308 were significantly longer during the 3 treatment sequences but there were no significant differences between each of them. Secondary effects were significantly more common with @entity594 (7 @entity1 ) and with the drug association (9 @entity1 ) than with Diltiazem alone (3 @entity1 ) or placebo (1 @entity1 ). Plasma concentrations of Diltiazem were 328 +/- 35 ng/l with the 360 mg/day dosage and 137 +/- 52 ng/l with the 180 mg/day dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative study of effects of diltiazem, @entity594 and their combination on exercise XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['stable angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed-combination brimonidine 0.2%/ @entity6839 0.5% (FCBT) compared with the fixed-combination dorzolamide 2%/ @entity6839 0.5% ( @entity2300 ) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2790 (IOP). METHODS: Pertinent randomized controlled trials comparing FCBT with @entity2300 in @entity1 with elevated IOP were identified through systematic searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE. The main efficacy measures were the IOP reduction (IOPR), including diurnal mean IOPR, and peak IOPR. The main tolerability measure was the individual adverse events. The pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were carried out in RevMan version 5.0 software. RESULTS: Seven studies involving 582 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. With a @entity353 ( @entity353 ) of IOPR in diurnal mean of 0.44   mmHg (95% CI, 0.00-0.88), the FCBT was as effective as @entity2300 in lowering IOP in @entity1 with elevated IOP (P=0.05). The @entity353 of IOPR at peak was 0.65   mmHg (95% CI, -0.06 to 1.35) (P=0.76), and there was no significant difference between FCBT and @entity2300 . FCBT caused burning/stinging in less @entity1 than @entity2300 [pooled relative risk: 0.45 (95% CI, 0.29-0.70)]. CONCLUSIONS: Both FCBT and @entity2300 can effectively lower IOP in @entity1 with elevated IOP, and the IOP-lowering efficacy of FCBT is noninferior to that of @entity2300 . Additionally, FCBT affords an ocular comfort advantage compared with @entity2300 .

title: Efficacy and tolerability of fixed combination of brimonidine 0.2%/ @entity6839 0.5% compared with fixed combination of dorzolamide 2%/ @entity6839 0.5% in the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of long-term @entity15675 / @entity15675 (Ceredase  /Cerezyme  , Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, MA, USA) treatment on hematological, visceral, and bone manifestations of @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ). METHODS: The International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry identified @entity1120 @entity1 treated with @entity15675 / @entity15675 who had dose and clinical data at first infusion and after 10 years of follow-up. Data for hemoglobin, platelet count, organ volumes, @entity158 , and bone crisis were analyzed. Tests of the null hypothesis (no change from first infusion to 10 years) were performed using t tests for within- @entity1 absolute change in continuous measurements and McNemar/chi-square tests for change in distributions using categorical values. An alpha level of 0.05 designated statistical significance. RESULTS: As of October 2011, 557 nonsplenectomized and 200 splenectomized @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of @entity1120 @entity1 had at least one @entity10727 allele. Compared with nonsplenectomized @entity1 at first infusion, splenectomized @entity1 had lower percentages of @entity417 (26.0 % vs. 42.8 %) and @entity882 (14.2 % vs. 76.3 %), similar percentages of moderate or severe @entity382 (81.2 % vs. 80.0 %), and higher percentages of @entity158 (88.9 % vs. 52.4 %) and bone crises (38.3 % vs. 16.0 %). After 10 years, both groups showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in mean hemoglobin levels, platelet count, liver, and spleen (nonsplenectomized) volumes, and bone crises. Initial dosing in both groups ranged from <15 U/kg to  <=90 U/kg every 2 weeks. After 10 years, the majority was receiving 15 to  <=45 U/kg every 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Ten years of @entity15675 treatment results in sustainable improvements in all @entity1120 parameters.

title: Long-term clinical outcomes in type 1 @entity1120 following 10 years of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['imiglucerase', 'alglucerase']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['GD1', 'Gaucher disease type 1']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity15675 :: (2629,Gene) :: ['imiglucerase']


abstract: In the study, the effects of @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) on alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix degradation were observed in a type of @entity1 alveolar epithelial cell, A549 cells, stimulated by @entity2533 . Firstly, @entity98 method was applied to evaluation of cellular proliferation and found that PNS from 12.5 mg x L(-1) to 200 mg x L(-1) dosage could not inhibit significantly cellular proliferation. Then, cells were divided into five groups, normal group, @entity2533 group, @entity2533 + 50 mg x L(-1) PNS group, @entity2533 + 100 mg x L(-1) PNS group and @entity2533 + 200 mg x L(-1) PNS group. Normal cells were not stimulatec by @entity2533 ; @entity2533 cells were only stimulated by @entity2533 and the other cells were stimulated by @entity2533 with different doses of PNS, respectively. After stimulation, cells and supernatants were collected for assays. Cellular roundness was applied to quantitative evaluation of morphological change. Immunocytochemistry was applied to examine E-cadherion, @entity1970 and FN proteins expression in the cells. Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was applied to @entity1495 and @entity2843 levels. The results showed that EMT of A549 cells was induced by @entity2533 , showing significant change of roundness, E-cadherion, alpha-SMA and FN (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared to @entity2533 , PNS significantly inhibited the changes of roundness (P < 0.05), FN and alpha-SMA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and not significantly inhibited the change of E-cadherion. Furthermore, @entity1495 levels were significantly increased by @entity2533 stimulation (P < 0.05), without significant change of @entity2843 . Compared with @entity2533 , PNS could significantly increase @entity1495 level (P < 0.05) and decrease @entity2843 levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In conclusion, PNS could inhibit alveolar epithelial cell EMT induced by @entity2533 , with increase of extracellular matrix degradation ability, which showed anti- @entity82 of lung ability.

title: [Inhibitory effect of XXXX @entity3857 on alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity33448 :: ('44586', 'Species') :: ['Panax notoginseng']

answer: @entity33448 :: (44586,Species) :: ['Panax notoginseng']


abstract: Atypical @entity44 of the pineal were studied pathologically and clinically, and five illustrative cases are described. The results of three postmortem examinations are available, while two of the @entity1 are living, one leading a normal life. Pathological verification revealed that two had suprasellar "ectopic" @entity979 . One @entity5 was located in the pineal (collicular) region. The histology of the @entity5 was identical, consisting of small cells resembling lymphocytes and large cells with prominent nucleoli and mitoses. This feature plus the midline location led to adoption of the term "atypical @entity44 ". @entity1 with @entity979 presented with @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity1829 , @entity1319 and, rarely, @entity346 . @entity2010 , @entity227 and @entity4614 were characteristic features in those with @entity5 . Treatment of collicular @entity979 has consisted of the use of a palliative shunt followed by a course of radiation. Chiasmal decompression and radiation have produced favourable results in @entity1 with @entity979 .

title: Atypical XXXX of the Pineal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual difficulty']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pinealomas', 'pinealoma', 'collicular pinealomas', 'suprasellar pinealoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar neoplasms', 'tumours', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ["Parinaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus retractorius']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['Teratomas']


abstract: CONTEXT: Prior studies examining associations between @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) and anti-thyroid antibodies with @entity393 and live birth indicate mixed results and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) has not been studied in this @entity1 population. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of pre-pregnancy TSH concentrations and @entity1669 with @entity1054 , @entity393 , and live birth among @entity1 with proven fecundity and a history of @entity393 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from a large, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Four medical centers in the United States. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Healthy @entity1 , ages 18-40, who were actively attempting to conceive and had one or two prior pregnancy losses and no history of @entity249 . INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1054 , @entity393 and live birth. RESULTS: @entity1 with TSH >=  2.5 did not have an increased risk of @entity393 (risk ratio [RR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81, 1.41) or a decrease in live birth rate (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88, 1.07) or @entity1054 (fecundability odds ratio [FOR] 1.09, 95% CI 0.90, 1.31) compared to @entity1 with TSH <2.5 mIU/L after adjustment for age and body mass index. Similar findings were observed for @entity1 with @entity1669 and after additional adjustment for treatment assignment. CONCLUSIONS: Among healthy fecund @entity1 with a history @entity393 , TSH levels >= 2.5, or the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies, were not associated with fecundity, @entity393 or live birth. Thus, @entity1 with @entity1375 or @entity1669 can be reassured that their chances of conceiving and achieving a live birth are likely unaffected by marginal @entity1374 .

title: @entity1375 and @entity1669 are not associated with fecundity, XXXX or live birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'SCH']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss', 'early pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To identify the decisions and attitudes of emergency clinicians in hypothetical scenarios involving @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ). METHODS: An online survey distributed to members of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine elicited decisions on @entity34 ( @entity34 ), limiting treatment or palliation in hypothetical clinical scenarios. Quantitative data were summarised using number and percentage. RESULTS: 388 surveys yielded a 13.0% response rate, including 190 fellows (51.9%) and 176 trainees (48.1%). For a 75-year-old @entity1 with major @entity130 and unknown comorbidities requiring laparotomy, most @entity1 (355/365, 97.3%) chose @entity34 . When an AD limiting treatment was made available, @entity34 decreased substantially (63/364, 17.3%), and the modal response was palliation (175/364, 48.1%). The most frequently reported influential factor in this decision was ethical obligation (82/383, 21.4%). For an elderly nursing-home resident with @entity303 , @entity5 and possible @entity326 , 10.7% (39/366) chose @entity34 , changing little (21/365, 5.8%) with a directive requesting full treatment. The @entity1 's presentation and history (189/375, 50.4%) overrode @entity1939 (14/375, 3.7%) in influencing the decision. For a 55-year-old @entity1 with @entity263 , @entity519 and @entity649 (potentially requiring ventilatory support) saying, 'I just want to end it all,' most (233/366, 63.7%) chose @entity34 . A directive requesting limitation resulted in fewer decisions on @entity34 (43/368, 11.7%). Clear documentation was most important (100/362, 27.6%) in influencing this decision. CONCLUSION: Hypothetical treatment decisions involving @entity1442 made by emergency clinicians appear to be more influenced by ethical and clinical factors than by @entity1939 .

title: Emergency clinicians' attitudes and decisions in XXXX scenarios involving @entity1442 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal obligations']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['ADs', 'advance directives']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CFT', 'commencing full treatment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Valuable information was collected on the medical history and clinical course of 1273 @entity1 entered in clinical trials with @entity632 (ADR) carried out in 12 European @entity5 centers. A coded @entity1 form was used for the data collection carried out in each center by a qualified physician following a guideline which was discussed and accepted by all of the @entity1 . The aim of the study was to define the incidence, characteristics, and possible co-factors of the @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy regimens including ADR. The mean total dose of ADR was 268 mg/m2 (range, 15--1251 mg/m2), and 5.1% of the @entity1 received a total dose of greater than 550 mg/m2. A "definite" ADR-related @entity296 was observed in 1.7% of the cases; another 3% of the cases were reported as "possible" ADR- @entity296 since the role played by the drug could not be clearly defined. "Definite" ADR- @entity296 was fatal in eight @entity1 (0.6%) while "possible" ADR- @entity296 was fatal in 13 @entity1 (1.0%). Among the possible co-factors examined, the following ones were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of a "definite" ADR- @entity296 : (a) total dose of ADR; (b) vincristine when given both before and concomitantly with ADR; (c) @entity1732 when given before ADR; and (d) radiotherapy to the mediastinum when given concomitantly with ADR. Furthermore, none of 182 @entity1 receiving ADR by slow infusion developed a "definite" ADR- @entity296 , while 2% of the @entity1 treated by bolus injection did so. The occurrence of a "possible" ADR- @entity296 was found to be significantly associated with two pre-existing pathologic conditions (electrocardiogram [ECG] abnormalities and @entity101 ) but not with the treatment-related co-factors for the "definite" ADR- @entity296 mentioned above. Other variables examined, such as sex, age, @entity96 , and @entity786 treatment, did not seem to influence the risk of ADR- @entity296 . Data on ECG changes occurring during ADR treatment were also reported and their incidence was found to be strictly related to the frequency of the ECG monitoring.

title: XXXX cardiotoxicity: a survey of 1273 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'CMP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer type, baseline liver function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography is still the routine screening method for @entity299 in most transplant centers. This study was designed to analyze functional and morphologic changes in heart transplant recipients with normal angiographic findings. METHODS: @entity452 stress echocardiography and intracoronary ultrasound were obtained in 56 @entity1 with a normal coronary angiogram 41+/-31 months after heart transplantation. Intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements before and after intracoronary @entity859 administration were performed in 34 of 56 @entity1 . Any regional wall motion abnormalities detected by stress echocardiography were regarded as abnormal. By quantitative intracoronary ultrasound analysis using a 6-grade scale, a mean grade of all coronary segments >3.0 was defined as significant intimal @entity1373 . RESULTS: Only 17 @entity1 (30%) showed both a normal @entity452 stress echocardiogram and absence of significant intimal @entity1373 by intravascularultrasound. Abnormal findings were observed in 39 @entity1 (70%): both by @entity452 stress echocardiography and intravascular ultrasound in 22 @entity1 , by intravascular ultrasound alone in 11 @entity1 , and by @entity452 stress echocardiography alone in 6 @entity1 . Coronary flow velocity reserve did not discriminate between @entity1 with normal or abnormal intravascular ultrasound or @entity452 stress echocardiographic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Only a minority of heart transplant @entity1 with a normal coronary angiogram is free of pathological changes, when assessed by intravascular ultrasound and @entity452 stress echocardiography. Coronary flow velocity reserve does not seem useful to further characterize these @entity1 .

title: Functional and morphological findings in heart transplant recipients with a normal coronary angiogram: an analysis by XXXX stress echocardiography, intracoronary Doppler and intravascular ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is a rare @entity5 associated with a poor prognosis. @entity902 , @entity8253 , and alkylating agents are the most effective antiblastic drugs for treatment of gynecologic epithelial and @entity5 . The aim of this study was to determine response rate and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity43 who were treated with a combination of these 3 drugs. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity43 who were referred to the Department of Gynecologic Oncology of San Gerardo Hospital in Monza and European Institute of Oncology in Milan, between January 1995, and December 2006, and treated with a combination regimen of @entity900 , @entity632 , and @entity786 or a combination regimen containing of @entity900 , @entity1259 , and @entity1260 plus @entity1261 were considered for this study. RESULTS: Four @entity1 had @entity43 stage I; 7, stage II; 23, stage III; and 7, stage IV. Heterologous, homologous, and mixed stromal components were described in 17, 14, and 10 @entity1 , respectively. Thirteen @entity1 were treated with a combination of @entity900 , @entity632 , and @entity786 and 28 with a combination of @entity900 , @entity1259 , and @entity1260 plus @entity1261 . Two @entity1 did not complete their treatment because of the rapid progression of their disease and severe @entity137 . Among 22 @entity1 considered evaluable for response, 10 (46%) achieved a complete response and 3 (13%) achieved a partial response (global response rate, 59%). Overall progression-free survival was 11.8 months (range, 0.9-96 months) and 13.8 and 10.1 months in stage I-II and III-IV, respectively (P = 0.13). Median @entity1349 was 20 months (range, 1-123 months), not reached in stage I-II, and 19.7 months in stage III-IV (P = 0.07). No significant difference between homologous and @entity3038 was observed (P = 0.95), whereas no significant trend of improved @entity1349 was noticed for stage IIIC-IV with optimal debulking surgery (n = 9), compared with suboptimal cytoreduction (n = 19; 32.6 vs 14.5 months, P = 0.14). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity4349 , alkylating agent, and @entity900 showed a good response rate but also a high @entity137 . The prognosis of @entity43 remains poor. Optimal cytoreduction may improve survival, but new anticancer drugs or more effective regimens are awaited.

title: @entity902 , @entity4349 , and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian carcinosarcoma', 'OCS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['heterologous sarcomatous components']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinosarcoma']


abstract: Kinetic parameters for @entity1110 and @entity2125 have been determined at pH 8.1 for @entity2772 , @entity375 , and @entity526 @entity2041 reductases. @entity1110 exhibited low Km values for all enzymes (3-6 microM), while the Km values for @entity2125 were 100 times higher (approximately 400 microM). Under our experimental conditions, the percentage of maximal velocities with @entity2125 versus those measured with @entity1110 were 18.4, 3.7, and 0.13% for the @entity2772 , @entity375 , and @entity526 enzymes, respectively. Primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects were independent of @entity9492 concentration between Km and 15Km levels, supporting a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. For each of the three enzymes, @entity1110 yielded primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on Vmax only, while @entity2125 exhibited primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on both V and V/K. The magnitude of DV/KNADH at pH 8.1 is 4.3 for the @entity2772 enzyme, 2.7 for the @entity375 enzyme, and 1.6 for the @entity526 @entity2041 reductase. The experimentally determined values of TV/KNADH of 7.4, 4.2, and 2.2 for the @entity2772 , @entity375 , and @entity526 @entity2041 reductases agree well with those calculated from the corresponding DV/KNADH using the Swain-Schaad expression. This suggests that the intrinsic primary kinetic isotope effect on @entity2125 oxidation is fully expressed. In order to confirm this conclusion, single-turnover experiments have been performed. The measured primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the enzyme reduction half-reaction using @entity2125 match those measured in the steady state for each of the three @entity2041 reductases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2041 reductase: comparison of steady-state and rapid reaction primary kinetic isotope effects exhibited by the @entity375 , @entity2772 , and XXXX enzymes.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : Ventilator-associated @entity55 is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. The delay before adequate antibiotherapy is known to influence @entity1 ' outcome. We hypothesized that the results of upper airways samples performed at immediately intensive care unit admission could help the clinician to choose the adequate empiric antibiotherapy for a @entity2489 occurring during the first 5 days of intensive care unit admission. OBJECTIVES: : To compare the bacterial content of the upper airways samples to that of the pulmonary plugged specimen performed when @entity2489 was suspected. DESIGN: : Prospective observational study. SETTING: : Twenty beds in a surgical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. @entity1 : : All @entity1 between 1996 and 2001, who were ventilated for more than 48 hours and presented a suspicion of @entity2489 , occurring during the first 5 days. INTERVENTIONS: : As compared to the results of pulmonary plugged specimen, upper airways samples performance was tested by determining sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios for each microorganism. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: : Five hundred eighty-eight @entity1 ventilated for more than 48 hours were suspected to suffer from a VAP and benefited from a pulmonary plugged specimen: 136 (48%) @entity1 had a positive pulmonary plugged specimen and received antibiotics. Of these 136, 125 (92%) had had a positive upper airway samples at intensive care unit admission. For all microorganisms, upper airway sample specificity exceeded 85%. For all bacteria except Streptococcus species, the likelihood ratios exceeded 6, threshold considered as significant to rule in the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: : In this study, we found high specificities and likelihood ratios for upper airways samples to predict the microorganisms involved in a @entity2489 . These results suggest that upper airways samples might provide an adjunctive assistance in selecting therapy for @entity2489 .

title: Can bacteriological upper airway samples obtained at intensive care unit admission guide empiric antibiotherapy for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity130 induces a dysregulation of immune response supported in parts by lymphocyte dysfunction. Controversial data about a shift within the T-helper cell subsets @entity1198 /Th2 are reported. METHODS: To prove whether @entity1198 /Th2-type cytokine plasma levels reflect the postulated Th2 shift after @entity130 , we investigated in a retrospective study 195 severely injured @entity1 (47 @entity1 , 148 @entity1 ; mean age 39.7 +/- 15.8 years; Injury Severity Score 32.0 +/- 11.3 points; overall 1,887 samples) during their ICU stay posttrauma. Mortality rate was 19%. @entity1198 -type cytokines @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity379 , IL-12 ( @entity12329 ), and @entity8923 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, @entity688 , and @entity4382 were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique in @entity1 and in healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1199 and @entity379 were seldom detectable. All other mediators were significantly increased matched to controls (p < 0.05). All cytokines were elevated most prominent during weeks 1 and 2 posttrauma and declined thereafter. A trend toward lower levels in nonsurvivors was seen for both groups of cytokines. However, significant differences were only seen for Injury Severity Score, age, white blood cells, and @entity1851 . All mediators correlated positively with each other (p < 0.01), a Th2-type shift was not observed. Two groups of @entity1 were identified: one group with generally high plasma levels of all cytokines investigated and a second group of nonresponders who presented with low or diminished plasma levels in which most nonsurvivors were found. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in plasma no @entity1198 /Th2 shift can be observed after major @entity130 .

title: @entity1198 - and Th2-type cytokines in plasma after major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Primary @entity706 (PBL) is a rare disease. To assess the clinical characteristics, outcome, and prognostic factors of this entity in Chinese population, we retrospectively analyzed 61 PBL @entity1 initially treated in our institution between 1997 and 2014. The median age was 45 years. The most common histological subtype was diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCL) (55.7%), followed by @entity784 (18.0%). All @entity1 underwent systemic chemotherapy as initial treatment while 24 @entity1 (39.3%) were additionally treated with radiotherapy. The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 57 cases with completed follow-up were 52.3% and 40.1%, respectively. In further analysis of the primary bone DLBCL (PB-DLBCL) subgroup, the 5-year @entity1349 and PFS rates were 53.0% and 47.0%, and a multivariable analysis revealed that baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and response to initial treatment (complete remission versus no complete remission) were independent prognostic factors for both @entity1349 and PFS. The proportion of @entity784 is higher in China than in western populations. High baseline ECOG scores (>= 2) and unachieved CR in initial therapy were factors for poor PB-DLBCL prognosis. The role of radiotherapy and rituximab in PLB therapy remains to be confirmed in further investigation.

title: Clinical characterization and outcome of primary XXXX : a retrospective study of 61 Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['bone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['bone lymphoma']


abstract: A number of reports suggest that @entity221 is an effective adjunctive treatment modality in management of neural @entity5 . Recent studies have demonstrated a synergistic effect of induced @entity221 when coupled with @entity503 in an in vitro model. This study examines the effect of @entity503 and @entity221 in an in vivo @entity19 @entity521 model. Forty-seven Ajax white @entity19 (weighing 20 to 30 g) received a subaxillary @entity5 burden (C-1300 @entity19 @entity521 ) per trochar (1.25 x 10(6) cells). The @entity5 was then incubated for 9 days. @entity19 were then divided into four groups: group 1, controls (n = 15); group 2, @entity221 (n = 12); group 3, @entity503 (n = 10); and group 4, @entity503 with @entity221 (n = 10). @entity221 was induced with 40 to 69 mW/cm2 at 2,450 MHz microwave radiation for 4 minutes to achieve a temperature of 41.5 degrees C for 10 of 14 treatment days. @entity503 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 10 of 14 treatment days. @entity19 were weighed and @entity5 size was determined daily. Animals were killed on day 21 and postmortem examination was performed, with @entity5 graded histologically. Animal weight, @entity5 weight, and @entity5 size were similar for all groups (P greater than .05). Mortality was 6% in group 1, 25% in group 2, 50% in group 3, and 40% in group 4 (P less than .05). Rate of @entity5 metastases was also statistically different from controls: group 1, 0%; group 2, 60%; group 3, 90%; and group 4, 90% (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity503 and @entity221 on @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'crest tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity1674 are transported by the largest and most lipid-rich of the lipoprotein particles, namely, chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These particles are buoyant because of the high @entity412 content, which makes up approximately 90% by weight of the chylomicron and 70% by weight of the VLDL. The chylomicron transports exogenous or dietary fat and @entity165 , whereas VLDL transports endogenous @entity412 and @entity165 in lipoproteins synthesized and secreted by the liver. Both chylomicrons and VLDL are hydrolyzed at the capillary surface by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of @entity412 in the lipid core of these particles, producing smaller particles known as remnants. We currently believe the remnants are atherogenic and that this is one reason why @entity2298 may predispose to @entity453 . Chylomicron remnants are recognized and removed by hepatic receptors that contain apolipoprotein (apo) E. The rate of clearance of remnant particles depends on which subfraction of @entity2204 is present. Particles containing apo EII are removed more slowly than those with apo EIII and EIV. The dietary @entity165 from the chylomicron remnant particles is thought to down-regulate the hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. VLDL remnants, also called intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), contain @entity2204 and may be removed by the liver through the LDL or B/E receptor. The decrease in activity of these receptors results in apparent oversynthesis of LDL, the end-product of VLDL and IDL metabolism. LDL is the major @entity165 carrier, followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interrelationship of XXXX with lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody UM-A9 identifies an antigen found on the basal surface of epithelial cells and expressed on all of the @entity957 ( @entity957 ) that we have tested. In a previous study, we showed that cell lines from metastatic or recurrent @entity957 exhibit stronger expression of the A9 cell membrane antigen than cell lines from the primary @entity5 of the same donors, suggesting that this marker is associated with @entity5 progression. Loss of expression in @entity5 tissue of normal A, B, and H (ABH) blood group antigens has also been linked to clinical behavior in some @entity5 . To determine the prognostic significance of these antigen markers, we prospectively evaluated tissue specimens for expression of these markers in a group of 82 consecutive, previously untreated @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 . Three patterns corresponding to strong (pattern 1), intermediate (pattern 2), or weak (pattern 3) A9 antigen expression were observed. Fifty-eight percent of the @entity1 whose @entity5 had pattern 1 A9 antigen expression and 78% of the @entity1 with loss of blood group antigen had early relapse, compared with only 34% of those with A9 antigen pattern 2 or 3 (P = .042) and 37% of those whose @entity5 expressed the mature ABH blood group antigen (P = .012). The combination of A9 pattern and ABH blood group antigen expression in @entity5 tissue was the variable most strongly associated with duration of disease-free survival, even after adjustment for the traditional prognostic factors of @entity5 site, stage, and TNM classification. Loss of blood group was the most significant single variable associated with early recurrence, but among @entity1 whose @entity5 retained ABH blood group antigen expression, the A9 pattern distinguished good and poor prognostic groups. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that differences in blood group antigen expression are significantly correlated with disease-free survival in @entity957 of the @entity135 . We have initiated a study (a) to determine the relationship of the A9 antigen and the blood group antigens with clinical response of the @entity5 and (b) to determine whether these markers should be used as prognostic indicators.

title: Altered antigen expression predicts outcome in @entity957 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare 2 kinds of anti-inflammatory medicines (ie, @entity619 and @entity5018 ) with a placebo according to their effects on the success rates of an @entity616 ( @entity616 ) for the endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with @entity11624 . METHODS: A total of 165 @entity1 were divided into 3 groups of 55 @entity1 each and were given a capsule of the same color and size (ie, a placebo of @entity1132 powder, 400 mg @entity5018 , or 0.5 mg @entity619 ). One hour after the oral administration of the capsules, all the @entity1 received a standard @entity616 . In @entity1 with a successful @entity616 , the teeth were examined with a cold pulp test. @entity1 were asked to assess their @entity158 using the visual analog scale. Then, endodontic access cavity preparation was initiated. In case of @entity158 during the treatment, the @entity1 were asked to rate the @entity158 on the visual analog scale. Success was defined as no or mild @entity158 during treatment. The chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to compare qualitative and quantitative data among the groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were found regarding the sex of the @entity1 in the 3 groups (P > .05). The @entity619 group showed significantly higher success rates compared with the placebo group (P = .001). There were no significant differences between the @entity5018 and placebo groups (P = .055) or the @entity619 and @entity5018 groups (P = .34). CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with @entity619 increased the success rate of an @entity616 in mandibular molars with asymptomatic @entity11624 .

title: Effect of premedication with @entity5018 and @entity619 on success rate of @entity616 for teeth with asymptomatic XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity11624 :: ('MESH:D011671', 'Disease') :: ['irreversible pulpitis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['IANB', 'inferior alveolar nerve block']

answer: @entity11624 :: (MESH:D011671,Disease) :: ['irreversible pulpitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of nerve and muscle biopsy in suspected cases of @entity1333 and their correlation with the clinical and electrophysiological data. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective review of I 15 nerve and muscle biopsy specimens from cases in the past 20 years at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Muscle and Nerve Histopathology Laboratory. Clinical and electromyography data in available cases were analyzed to evaluate the histopathologic correlation,: RESULTS: : The diagnostic sensitivity of nerve biopsy was 39%, Nerve biopsy showed a statistically higher diagnostic yield (P = 0-0001) than muscle biopsy (17%), although muscle biopsies resulted in a more definite diagnosis m 3%. of cases. The highest diagnostic yield (73%) of @entity1333 on nerve biopsy was observed in @entity1 with known @entity66 and accompanying @entity16 or @entity121 . Nerve conduction study was able to identify diffuse @entity16 in the majority of @entity1 with @entity1333 , including asymptomatic @entity16 . Abnormal sural nerve conduction was highly correlated (P = 0.03) with positive nerve biopsy. There was a wide spectrum of neurologic manifestations in @entity16 , with the most common clinical manifestation of @entity16 being @entity305 . CONCLUSIONS: Nerve biopsy is superior to muscle biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity1333 among suspected cases of @entity1333 . The highest diagnostic yield of nerve biopsy is observed when @entity1 with known @entity66 have @entity16 or @entity121 . Abnormal sural nerve conduction can be used as a guide for nerve biopsy.

title: Diagnostic value of nerve and muscle biopsy in suspected XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic disease', 'rheumatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity130 is a major cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality, yet knowledge of fluid resuscitation is limited. Our objectives were to determine current practises in resuscitation volume (RV) administered to paediatric @entity548 ( @entity548 ) @entity130 @entity1 and to identify fluid related complications. METHODS: We examined data from 139 @entity130 @entity1 1-17 years of age with an injury severity score >=  12 resuscitated at a @entity130 @entity1 's Hospital. @entity1 were separated into discreet groups based on ATLS age-dependent vital functions: toddler/preschooler (1-5 years), school age (6-12 years) and adolescent (13-17 years). RESULTS: The median RV (total fluid intake-maintenance fluid intake) in ml/kg over the first 24h from the time of @entity130 by age was: 24 (IQR=19-47; 1-5 years); 26 (IQR=15-36; 6-12 years); and 22 (IQR=14-42; 13-17 years). The differences in RV/kg/24h following @entity548 @entity130 was not significantly different between age groups (p=0.41). Urine output over the 24h ranged from 2.5 (IQR=1.9-3.3; lower age group) to 1.8 (IQR=1.2-2.4; upper age group) ml/kg/h; greater than the ATLS recommended age-dependent targets. Haematocrit was the only significant independent predictor of RV/kg/24h (p<0.001). Fluid-related complications attributable to RV were identified in 12% (n=17/139) of @entity1 , and included @entity843 (8%; n=11/139) and/or @entity1143 (s) (9%; n=13/139). @entity1 with fluid-related complications received significantly more RV in ml/kg/24h (42, IQR=27-76) than those without complications (22, IQR=14-36; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The range of median RV administered to paediatric @entity548 @entity130 @entity1 with ISS >=  12 was 22-26 ml/kg/24h. The RV administered was excessive based on high urine outputs and the presence of fluid-related complications. Further evaluation of RV triggers and endpoints used by paediatric traumatologists is required.

title: Resuscitation volume in paediatric XXXX @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['non-haemorrhagic', 'NH']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'Trauma-designated', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['non-haemorrhagic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the severity of @entity13299 sensation would be affected by the results of investigations on possible underlying serious pathology in the head, neck and esophagus. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity13299 sensation were enrolled in this study. All the @entity1 suffered relatively persistent @entity13299 sensation which remained after conventional laryngoscopy at their family doctors. These @entity1 were investigated for possible underlying oropharyngeal and esophageal lesions using fiberoptic endoscopy. The severity of @entity13299 was evaluated by the visual analog scales (VAS), and the degree of @entity148 was evaluated by the state section of State Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI-s). The questionnaires were administered at their first visits, and 9.6  3.2 months after endoscopy. The follow-up data obtained from 22 @entity1 were incorporated in the further evaluations. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the improvement of VAS scores and that of STAI-s scores. Afterwards, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was measured. The recorded images of fiberoptic endoscopy were retrospectively verified by an expert of upper @entity344 . RESULTS: No @entity5 were observed in the endoscopic examination. Despite no treatment administered during the follow-up period, significant improvement of VAS scores was observed from the initial scores (40  21) to follow-up scores (27  27, p=0.014) in the @entity1 examined in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis proved that the improvement of STAI-s scores was the only factor significantly affected the improvement of VAS scores (p=0.029) among the dependent valuables. The retrospective evaluation of the recorded images revealed @entity2910 in 10 out of the 22 @entity1 . When @entity1 were stratified with the presence of @entity2910 , significant improvement of VAS scores was observed only in the group without @entity2910 at their follow up (17  20, p=0.026) compared with their initial scores (36  17). The multiple linear regression analysis proved that the improvement of VAS scores was significantly affected by the improvement of STAI-s scores (p=0.047) in this group. Moreover, significant positive relationship between the improvement of VAS scores and that of STAI-s scores was observed only in the group without @entity2910 (r=0.61, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: Proper investigation to prove no underlying serious pathology may lead to the improvement of @entity13299 sensation in the @entity1 without @entity2910 through the reduction of their @entity148 even when their symptoms are relatively persistent. Our results also indicated that some treatments against @entity2910 may be helpful for the improvement of @entity13299 sensation in the @entity1 with this comorbid disease.

title: Endoscopic investigation and evaluation of @entity148 for the management of XXXX sensation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'comorbid esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity13299 :: (MESH:D003291,Disease) :: ['globus']


abstract: @entity11756 has the half life of 1 hour, and bioavailability in the body is 56% due to first-pass metabolism. The total daily dose of @entity11756 is 16   mg (e.g., 4   mg four times daily depending on meal patterns); hence, it required frequent dosing. Transdermal patch of @entity11756 was prepared to sustain the release and improve bioavailability of drug and @entity1 compliance. Different formulations were prepared by varying the grades of HPMC and concentration of @entity12468 K30 by solvent casting method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, % elongation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro permeation, and drug excipient compatibility. A 3(2) full factorial design was applied to check the effect of varying the grades of HPMC (X(1)) and @entity12468 concentration (X(2)) on the responses, that is, tensile strength, percentage drug released in 1   hr (Q(1)), 9   hr (Q(9)), and diffusion coefficient as a dependent variables. In vitro release data were fitted to various models to ascertain kinetic of drug release. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed for dependent variables. The results of the F2 statistics between factorial design batches and theoretical profile were used to select optimized batch. Batch F6 was considered optimum batch which contained HPMC K100 and @entity12468 (1.5%), showed release 92.343% up to 12   hr, and was more similar to the theoretical predicted dissolution profile (f(2) = 69.187).

title: Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11756 :: ('MESH:C072379', 'Chemical') :: ['Repaglinide']

answer: @entity11756 :: (MESH:C072379,Chemical) :: ['repaglinide']


abstract: Synthesis of the @entity526 outer membrane protein BtuB, which mediates the binding and transport of @entity2186 , is repressed when cells are grown in the presence of @entity2186 . Expression of btuB-lacZ fusions was also found to be repressed, and selection for constitutive production of beta-galactosidase in the presence of @entity2186 yielded mutations at btuR. The btuR locus, at 27.9 min on the chromosome map, was isolated on a 952-base-pair EcoRV fragment, and its @entity377 sequence was determined. The BtuR protein was identified in maxicells as a 22,000-dalton polypeptide, as predicted from the @entity377 sequence. Strains mutant at btuR had negligible pools of @entity27854 but did convert @entity2186 into other derivatives. Although btuB expression in a btuR strain could not be repressed by cyano- or @entity7614 , it was repressed by @entity27854 . Growth on @entity8398 as the sole @entity1568 source requires @entity27854 . btuR mutants grew on @entity8398 but were affected in the length of the lag period before initiation of growth, which suggested that an alternative route for @entity27854 synthesis might exist. No mutations were found that conferred constitutive btuB expression in the presence of @entity27854 . Other genes near btuR may also be involved in @entity2186 metabolism, as suggested from the complementation behavior of strains generated by excision of the Tn10 element in btuR. These results indicated that the btuR product is involved in the metabolism of @entity27854 and that this cofactor, or some derivative, controls btuB expression.

title: Altered @entity2186 metabolism in XXXX btuR mutants affects btuB gene regulation.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity27854 :: ('MESH:C000913', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosylcobalamin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B12', 'cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity7614 :: ('MESH:C019476', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcobalamin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies describe quality of life (QoL) outcomes following gastrectomy for @entity356 using a validated instrument. The @entity356 module for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy system of QoL measurement tools (FACT-Ga) was utilized to determine the changes in QoL following gastrectomy, and during the disease course. METHODS: In 43 @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy for @entity356 , outcome such as complications, recurrence, and survival were annotated. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and QoL were determined preoperatively and at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Nineteen (44%) @entity1 and 24 (56%) @entity1 underwent partial gastrectomy (PG) and @entity348 ( @entity348 ), respectively. Complications occurred in 30%, and one mortality (2.3%) occurred. Median survival was 23 months. KPS, FACT-G, and FACT-Ga scores all decreased after surgery, and normalized by 6 months. There was no significant difference in QoL in @entity1 who had a PG or @entity348 , although the type of gastrectomy did affect KPS. QoL dropped on average 4.4        3.6 months prior to @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgery adversely affects QoL for up to 6 months. Thereafter, QoL mirrors changes in disease status. More studies are required to document the QoL cost-benefit ratio in @entity356 , which often is accompanied by short survival benefits.

title: The quality of life trajectory of resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Emerging observational studies using propensity score (PS) methods assessed real-world comparative effectiveness of non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus @entity1229 in @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We aimed to compare treatment effect estimates of NOACs between PS studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic databases and conference proceedings were searched systematically. Primary outcomes included @entity64 ( @entity887 ) and major @entity548 . A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the data by pooling the PS- and RCT-derived hazard ratios (HRs) separately. The ratio of HRs (RHR) from the ratio of PS-derived HRs relative to RCT-derived HRs was used to determine whether there was a difference between estimates from PS studies and RCTs. There were 10 PS studies and 5 RCTs included for analysis. No significant difference of treatment effect estimates between the PS studies and RCTs was observed: RHR 1.11, 95  % CI 0.98-1.23 for @entity64 or @entity887 ; RHR 1.07, 95  % CI 0.87-1.34 for major @entity548 . A significant association between NOACs and risk of @entity64 or @entity887 was observed: HR 0.88, 95  % CI 0.83-0.94 for the PS studies; HR 0.79, 95  % CI 0.72-0.87 for the RCTs. However, no relationship between NOACs and risk of major @entity548 was found: HR 0.91, 95  % CI 0.79-1.05 for the PS studies; HR 0.85, 95  % CI 0.73-1.00 for the RCTs. In this study, treatment effect estimates of NOACs versus @entity1229 in @entity1 with @entity955 from PS studies are found to be in agreement with those from RCTs.

title: Comparison of treatment effect estimates of non- XXXX antagonist oral anticoagulants versus @entity1229 between observational studies using propensity score methods and randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'stroke or systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']