abstract: PURPOSE: To compare interferon (IFN) beta with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the treatment of intermediate @entity1596 with @entity1103 . DESIGN: Monocentric, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Specialized @entity1596 center at the University of Heidelberg. @entity1 OR STUDY POPULATION: @entity1 with either primary intermediate @entity1596 or @entity1596 associated with @entity15 . MAIN INCLUSION CRITERIA: Visual acuity of 20/30 or worse (0.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) and @entity1103 of more than 250  m (central 1-mm in optical coherence tomography; Stratus). Randomization into either @entity2391 44  g subcutaneously 3 times weekly or 20 mg @entity1500 subcutaneously once weekly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 3 months, the primary outcome parameter of mean change in visual acuity was evaluated and efficacy was determined. Secondary parameters were @entity1103 by optical coherence tomography, inflammatory activity, and retinal sensitivity by microperimetry (MP-1; Nidek). In case of treatment failure, switching to the other treatment arm was possible. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were included. Ten were randomized to @entity1500 , and 9 were randomized to @entity2391 . At 3 months, visual acuity improved a mean 0.31 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (range, -0.02 to -0.96, 15.6 letters on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study chart) in the @entity2391 group versus a mean 0.09 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (range, 0.12 to -0.38, 4.7 letters) in the @entity1500 arm (P = .0435, Mann-Whitney U test). Macular thickness decreased by a mean of 206  m (range, -41 to -416  m) in the IFN arm, but increased by 47  m (range, 108 to -28  m) in the @entity1500 group (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the sample size is small, results of the trial support superiority of @entity2391 over @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity1103 in the setting of intermediate @entity1596 .

title: Interferon versus @entity1499 in intermediate @entity1596 with XXXX : results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the often asymptomatic nature of @entity6 and the long period between sustained @entity4854 and observable complications, appropriate @entity6 care relies on a long-term program of secondary prevention. Yet routine monitoring and screening among @entity1 with @entity6 is less than optimal. To support the provision of routine care to @entity1 with @entity6 , the Center for Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System (Detroit), developed a Web-based @entity6 Care Management Support System (DCMSS). A nonrandomized, longitudinal study was conducted (January 1, 1998-October 31, 1999) with 13,325 health maintenance organization @entity1 with @entity6 who were aligned to 190 primary care providers practicing in 31 primary care clinics. RESULTS: Three DCMSS features--clinical practice guidelines, @entity1 registries, and performance reports--were made available via a corporate intranet within an existing electronic medical record. The effect of DCMSS usage frequency was evaluated on the likelihood of a @entity1 's receipt of glycated hemoglobin testing, lipid profile testing, and retinal examinations. @entity2357 models controlling for @entity1 sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the testing history of the @entity1 , the primary care physician, and the primary care clinic, were fit using generalized estimating equation methods. The more often a physician used DCMSS, the more likely his or her @entity1 were to receive lipid profile testing (OR [odds ratio] = 1.01, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.01-1.02). Compared with @entity1 of physicians who never used the system, @entity1 of physicians who initiated 12 sessions were an estimated 19% more likely (95% CI = 7%-33%) to receive lipid profile testing. The analyses also suggested that the likelihood of a @entity1 receiving a retinal exam was associated with system usage (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.01-1.01). No relationship was found between system use and glycated hemoglobin testing. CONCLUSIONS: Computerized systems of clinical practice guidelines, @entity1 registries, and performance feedback may help improve the rate of routine testing among @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: A Web-based XXXX care management support system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A novel Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, spore-forming, @entity1568 -fixing bacterium, designated strain 7188(T), was isolated from jujube rhizosphere soil in Beijing, China. The strain grew at 4-40    C and pH 6-12, with an optimum of 30    C and pH 7.0, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 7188(T) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain 7188(T) and the type strains of all recognized members of the genus Paenibacillus were below 96  %. The major cellular @entity1718 were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and C(16:0). The predominant @entity4606 was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain 7188(T) was 60.3  mol%. The major polar lipids were @entity6298 , @entity3633 , @entity3634 and unknown aminophospholipids. The @entity29157 in the cell wall peptidoglycan is meso- @entity6135 . On the basis of these results, strain 7188(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus beijingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7188(T) (=ACCC 03082(T)  =  @entity9854 24997(T)).

title: Paenibacillus beijingensis sp. nov., a novel XXXX -fixing species isolated from jujube garden soil.

entities_list: @entity6135 :: ('MESH:D003960', 'Chemical') :: ['diaminopimelic acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6298 :: ('CHEBI:28494', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity29157 :: ('CHEBI:35987', 'Chemical') :: ['diamino acid']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4606 :: ('MESH:D024482', 'Chemical') :: ['menaquinone']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: At autopsies between 1951 and 1969, 246 of 2393 cases with @entity583 and @entity121 showed no thrombi and no @entity432 to be worth mentioning. The 7 comprehensive morphologically investigated observations of a second case group were discovered in a prospective study from 1970 to 1973. This study included 255 cases with @entity583 or @entity121 . Comparatively to the investigations with @entity1463 of the coronary arteries, @entity583 without occlusive @entity301 were stated more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Furthermore, more young @entity1 were affected from these @entity1188 . In 3 of 7 cases without @entity1463 or @entity715 of the coronary arteries the @entity1188 were located more frequent subendocardial that in these cases with @entity301 or @entity715 . Respectively to the size the 246 @entity1188 of the first group, they did not differ from those taken in a respecting group of 2147 @entity1188 with stenosing processes of the coronary arteries. @entity1188 without @entity1463 or @entity715 of the coronary arteries were located more frequently in the ventricular septum and in the wall of the right ventricle. For these @entity1188 a coincidenceof several, separate not relevant factors in supposed to be the cause. Theinfarctions without stenosing processes of the coronary arteries occupy insome respects an exceptional position, but on principle they do not differ in the morphological findings from the other @entity583 .

title: [ XXXX without stenosing artery selerosis of @entity715 ofthe coronary arteries (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sclerosis', 'coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'cardiac infarctions', 'Infarctions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['heart muscle scars']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarctions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No study has reported the differences between sides in the net muscular moment of lower limbs of subjects with @entity1269 during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in various foot positions. Moreover, the asymmetry of lower-joint moments has not yet been related to @entity425 of the lower limbs in this population. METHODS: A convenience sample of 12 individuals (mean age (standard deviation): 49.7 (9.0) years) with @entity1269 due to @entity64 were asked to stand up and sit down at their natural speed in four foot positions. The joint moments at the hip and knee on both sides during the tasks were estimated with an inverse dynamic approach while the dynamic concentric strength in extension at the hip and knee was assessed with a Biodex dynamometric system. Statistical analyses (paired t-tests and ANOVAs) were used to assess the effects of sides and foot position factor on the asymmetry in the hip and knee joint moments. The level of association between @entity425 and the asymmetry in the joint moments was quantified with Pearson correlation coefficients (r). FINDINGS: At the knee, the extensor moments were significantly lower on the affected side (P<0.05) and were affected by the foot position. At the hip, the moments were not significantly different between sides and were slightly modified by the foot positions. There were also strong correlations (0.70<r<0.89; P<0.05, for symmetrical foot position) between the asymmetry in knee extensor moments and the asymmetry in strength. No relation was established at the hip. INTERPRETATION: The sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks are characterized by a marked asymmetry in the knee extensor moments, which is associated with knee extensor weakness.

title: Side difference in the hip and knee joint moments during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'chronic hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'muscle weakness']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: The authors evaluate their experience with the diagnosis and treatment of @entity12294 during the period of 1995-1999. During the above period 6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 with @entity12294 were operated. The mean age at the time of operation was 5 years and 8 months. Ultrasonographic examination was made in all 10 @entity1 , CT examination in 8. The surgical finding was @entity2696 of the mesenterium 4x, of the omentum 2x, of the adrenals 2x of the retroperitoneum 1x and @entity1944 1x. Macroscopically complete extirpation of the @entity2696 was possible in 9 @entity1 and called for resection of the gut 3x and for adrenalectomy 2x. In one @entity1 subtotal extirpation was performed. Postoperative follow-up did not reveal a relapse in any of the @entity1 . Abdominal @entity3609 are rare benign malformations of the lymphatic system. For preoperative differential diagnosis in typical cases USG is sufficient. The therapeutic method is complete surgical extirpation which is associated with a low incidence of relapses.

title: [ XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity12294 :: ('MESH:C535553', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

answer: @entity12294 :: (MESH:C535553,Disease) :: ['Abdominal lymphangiomas']


abstract: Changes in arterial blood pressure induced by mechanical ventilation allow assessment of cardiac preload. In this study, @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ), which is the percentage change between the maximal and minimal @entity64 volumes (SV) divided by the average of the minimum and maximum over a floating period of 30 s, continuously displayed by the PiCCO continuous cardiac output monitor, was evaluated as a predictor of fluid responsiveness. Fifteen @entity1 undergoing brain surgery were included. During surgery, graded volume loading was performed with each volume loading step (VLS) consisting of 100 mL of 6% hydroxyethylstarch given for 2 min. Successive responsive VLSs were performed (increase in SV > 5% after a VLS) until a change in SV of < 5 % was reached (nonresponsive). A total of 140 VLSs were performed. Responsive and nonresponsive VLSs differed in their pre-VLS values of systolic blood pressure, SV, and @entity6355 , but not in the values of heart rate and central venous pressure. By using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for @entity6355 (0.870, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.809 to 0.903) was statistically more than those for central venous pressure (0.493, 95% CI: 0.397 to 0.590, P = 7 x 10(-10)), heart rate (0.593, 95% CI: 0.443 to 0.635, P = 5.7 x 10(-10)), and systolic blood pressure (0.729, 95% CI: 0.645 to 0.813, P: = 4.3 x 10(-3)). An @entity6355 value of 9.5% or more, will predict an increase in the SV of at least 5% in response to a 100-mL volume load, with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 93%. IMPLICATIONS: @entity64 volume variation may be used as a continuous preload variable and in combination with the continuously measured cardiac output, defining on-line the most important characteristics of cardiac function, allowing for optimal fluid management.

title: XXXX volume variation as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in @entity1 undergoing brain surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Four experiments explored the coding of categorical and coordinate spatial relations in @entity227 ( @entity227 ). @entity1 judged whether two stimuli presented successively on a computer screen were the same or different. On positional change trials the two stimuli differed in the position of one element. Positional changes were of two types, coordinate and categorical. On coordinate trials the position of one element changed by a small amount, but retained the categorical relationships (above, below, left of, right of) to all other elements. On categorical trials one element moved by the same amount but additionally changed its categorical relationship to one of the other elements (e.g., changed from below to above). @entity1 detected categorical changes more accurately than coordinate changes when the elements were independent locations marked by squares, indicating that the categorical relationships amongst the squares were encoded in memory. Furthermore, this categorical advantage was unmodulated by either the suppression of articulation (Experiment 2) or by the requirement to retain either @entity2113 associations or positions only (Experiment 3). When the elements to be remembered were the vertices of simple outline polygons (Experiment 4) there was no categorical advantage, establishing the effect as spatial in nature. Contrary to predictions derived from Postma and De Haan (1996), the employment of categorical relations appears not to be specifically linked to either verbal coding or to the requirement to associate objects with positions. The results suggest that the categorical relations are an intrinsic property of the representation of spatial configurations.

title: Coding categorical and coordinate spatial relations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial short-term memory', 'VSSTM']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['colour-position']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual-spatial short-term memory']


abstract: @entity9156 when described by Meleney was caused predominantly by @entity4195 . Since then, there were several reports which confirmed @entity4195 as the main organism identified in this disease entity. However, recently there were reports of @entity4685 @entity9156 caused by organisms other than @entity4195 . We analysed 19 cases of @entity4685 @entity9156 seen in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery over a period of 24 months to see if this disease entity has changed significantly. The @entity1 in our series were between the ages of 19 to 85 years with an average age of 57.2 years. Males were more often affected (16 out of 19). The majority of the @entity1 have some form of underlying disease (16 out of 19 cases). There was a trend towards polymicrobial infection and many were resistant to standard antimicrobial therapy. The mortality rate was 21.1%. Our results are comparable to many earlier series.

title: XXXX --an old enemy or a new foe.

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis', 'Necrotising fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Streptococcus', 'streptococcus']

answer: @entity9156 :: (MESH:D005208,Disease) :: ['Necrotising fasciitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidation of low density lipoproteins is an initial step of atherogenesis that generates pro-inflammatory phospholipids, including platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is degraded by @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ), which has been postulated to be a risk factor for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The role of @entity6511 for the onset of @entity583 is unclear. METHODS: Polymorphisms located in putatively functional regions were investigated in a cohort of @entity1 having @entity583 onset prior to 46 years of age (n = 200) and a sex-age-matched control group (n = 200). The activity of @entity6511 and coronary angiograms were evaluated for the severity of @entity453 . RESULTS: The V allele of @entity35121 (exon 11) polymorphism on @entity6511 gene was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity583 (P = 0.001). This V allele polymorphism was also associated with a lower activity of plasma @entity6511 and a more complex @entity453 (p Trends <0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that this polymorphism was an independent risk factor (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% CI 1.14.1 to 5.80, P = 0.008) as well as smoking (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.77 to 9.28, P = 0.001), @entity6 (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.32, P = 0.007) and @entity101 (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.36, P = 0.003) for the onset of @entity583 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that a functional and significant association between the @entity35121 polymorphism on exon 11 of @entity6511 gene and @entity583 exists in this Taiwanese population. This polymorphism is significantly associated with the @entity6511 activity and the severity of @entity453 .

title: Platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase XXXX (exon 11) gene polymorphism is an independent and functional risk factor for premature @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['PAF-acetylhydrolase', 'PAF-AH']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'premature MI', 'MI']

answer: @entity35121 :: (p|SUB|A|379|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['A379V']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Systemic @entity32 and @entity2690 resistance may play important roles in the pathogenesis of @entity28 -related diseases for which migrant Asian Indians are at particularly high risk. We examined relationships between markers of @entity2690 resistance and @entity32 , resting energy expenditure (REE), and body composition. DESIGN AND METHODS: Measurements were made of @entity13738 , including regional fat mass (FM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), REE by indirect calorimetry and fasting @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , @entity413 and @entity2690 , in 79 healthy Asian Indians (38F, 41M; age 30-49 years) from urban Auckland, New Zealand. Beta-cell function (HOMA B%) and @entity2690 sensitivity (HOMA S%) were derived using homeostatic model assessment. RESULTS: @entity1 had a more central distribution of body fat than @entity1 . REE was strongly correlated with @entity650 concentrations in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . In both sexes, @entity650 was associated positively with percentage body fat and HOMA B% and inversely with ASMM and HOMA S%. @entity2690 increased and HOMA S% decreased with increasing waist-to-hip ratio and abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . @entity310 was not significantly associated with any of the variables examined. CONCLUSION: Relationships between body fat distribution and HOMA S% were strongly sex dependent and may indicate a greater propensity for development of the @entity209 among male Asian Indians than females in the age group examined.

title: Interleukin-6, XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha and @entity2690 relationships to body composition, metabolism and resting energy expenditure in a migrant Asian Indian population.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['total and regional body composition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity1 breast tissue can give rise to @entity1373 , @entity1373 , and in @entity2735 originating in a terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU). These entities are associated with increased risk of subsequent development of @entity189 . @entity1 @entity0 arise via intermediate steps known as precursor or @entity75 . However, it is difficult to perform stepwise observation of the progression of @entity1 @entity0 . @entity19 mammary tissue can give rise to several characteristic types of @entity1373 and @entity5 , originating in a duct or acinus, that progress to @entity189 . Three specific types of @entity19 mammary lesion with premalignant potential have been identified: @entity133 ( @entity133 ), plaque (PLQ), and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). These lesions partially resemble @entity1 precursor lesions, and clarification of similarities and differences between the @entity1 and @entity19 lesions could improve our understanding of @entity1 breast carcinogenesis. Some invasive @entity0 acquire metastatic potential and may cause the death of the @entity1 . Because the most malignant aspect of @entity5 is @entity3 , recognition of metastatic phenotypes is particularly important. @entity19 mammary @entity189 rarely metastasize, but there exist @entity19 models of @entity3 of @entity189 . In the present review article, we describe morphological, biological, and molecular aspects of @entity75 of @entity19 , and we discuss their metastatic phenotypes.

title: Multistep @entity19 mammary tumorigenesis through pre- @entity5 to XXXX and acquisition of metastatic potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['situ carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'DH', 'premalignant hyperplasia', 'ductal hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic alveolar nodule', 'HAN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the role of topical corticosteroids in the management of @entity19415 . METHODS: The records of 38 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity19415 at three institutions were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: After medical therapy alone, @entity1 diagnosed within 1 month of symptom onset had an increased likelihood of being cured (p = 0.02) and attaining visual acuity of 20/60 or better (p < 0.01). Fourteen (73.7%) of 19 @entity1 treated with topical corticosteroids at any time were cured after antiamoebal therapy alone, whereas five (26.3%) @entity1 required penetrating keratoplasty for either persistent @entity281 (n = 3) or perforation (n = 2). The mean antiamoebal therapy duration, excluding duration after keratoplasty if applicable, was 38.5 weeks. Thirteen (76.5%) of 17 @entity1 treated with antiamoebal therapy without topical corticosteroids were medically cured, whereas four (23.5%) required penetrating keratoplasty for either persistent @entity281 (n = 2) or perforation (n = 2). The mean antiamoebal therapy duration was 20 weeks. Although the mean antiamoebal therapy duration in the @entity134 -treated group was significantly longer than that in the non- @entity134 -treated group (p = 0.02), outcome after medical therapy between the groups was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Topical corticosteroids were not associated with a higher rate of medical treatment failure in @entity1 with @entity19415 . Rather, poor outcome was significantly related to diagnostic delays. Therefore prudent use of corticosteroids in selected @entity1 with severe @entity158 not responsive to analgesics or severe corneal or anterior chamber @entity32 appears justified.

title: The role of topical corticosteroids in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prophylaxis for @entity2803 is highly recommended for kidney transplant recipients. The use of daily 900 mg @entity20638 is the usual prophylactic dose, whereas 450 mg daily is under investigation. We evaluated the outcome of using 2 different doses of @entity20638 prophylaxis for @entity2803 after kidney transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomized kidney transplant recipients (1:1) to receive 450 mg daily @entity20638 (group 1) or 900 mg daily @entity20638 (group 2) for the first 6 months after kidney transplant. Serologically, all @entity1 were at moderate risk for @entity2803 . @entity1 were studied for incidence of @entity2803 , @entity1431 attacks, rejection episodes, and graft outcomes for 1 year. RESULTS: Demographic features of group 1 (98 @entity1 ) and group 2 (98 @entity1 ) were comparable. More than 50% of @entity1 received thymoglobulin induction therapy without difference between the groups. There were more @entity1431 attacks in group 2 (P = .03) requiring higher doses of @entity1261 (P = .03). Group 2 @entity1 received lower doses of @entity618 (P= .04) and required reduced doses of @entity20638 (P = .045). Compared with group 1, the high-dose group developed numerically more rejection episodes (P = .057) and more @entity2803 requiring full treatment (P = .17). Graft and @entity1 outcomes were satisfactory in both groups. CONCLUSION: Six months of low-dose @entity20638 prophylaxis for intermediate-risk kidney transplant recipients was as effective as high-dose @entity20638 with a better safety profile.

title: Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose XXXX for Prevention of @entity2803 in Intermediate-Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity20638 :: ('MESH:C121677', 'Chemical') :: ['valganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus disease', 'cytomegalovirus infections', 'cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity20638 :: (MESH:C121677,Chemical) :: ['Valganciclovir']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The distance @entity1 can travel outside the home influences how much of the world they can sample and to what extent they can live independently. Recent technological advances have allowed travel outside the home to be directly measured in @entity1 ' real-world routines. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether decreased visual acuity (VA) from @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) loss from @entity726 are associated with restricted travel patterns in older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited from an eye clinic, while travel patterns were recorded during their real-world routines using a cellular tracking device. @entity1 : Sixty-one control subjects with normal vision, 84 subjects with @entity726 with bilateral @entity227 , and 65 subjects with @entity1020 with bilateral or severe unilateral loss of VA had their location tracked every 15 minutes between 7 am and 11 pm for 7 days using a tracking device. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Average daily excursion size (defined as maximum distance away from home) and average daily excursion span (defined as maximum span of travel) were defined for each individual. The effects of @entity1018 on travel patterns were evaluated after controlling for individual and geographic factors. RESULTS: In multivariable models comparing subjects with @entity1020 and control subjects, average excursion size and span decreased by approximately one-quarter mile for each line of @entity227 (P  <= .03 for both). Similar but not statistically significant associations were observed between average daily excursion size and span for severity of @entity227 in subjects with @entity726 and control subjects. Being married or living with someone and younger age were associated with more distant travel, while less-distant travel was noted for older individuals, African Americans, and those living in more densely populated regions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Age-related @entity1020 -related loss of VA, but not @entity726 -related loss of @entity227 , is associated with restriction of travel to more nearby locations. This constriction of life space may impact quality of life and restrict access to services.

title: Alteration of travel patterns with @entity1018 from @entity726 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['better-eye VA loss', 'visual field', 'VF loss', 'better-eye VF loss', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: A study was conducted in general practice to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity11364 200 mg once daily compared with @entity3352 25 mg 3 times a day in the treatment of acute exacerbations of @entity625 . The trial was conducted as a multicentre, double-blind, randomized parallel-group study with 'dummy loading' of the medications. Thirty-one general practitioners entered 309 @entity1 in the study. Of these, 139 @entity1 on @entity11364 and 137 on @entity3352 completed the treatment. The most common sites of @entity625 were the knee (100 @entity1 ) and the hip (79 @entity1 ). On examination at 7 days and 14 days there was a significant improvement in both treatment groups. After 7 days the @entity158 and clinical symptoms of @entity625 and knee was significant for both drugs at the P less than 0,001 level. There thus appeared to be no difference in clinical efficacy between the drugs. Eight @entity1 in the @entity11364 group experienced definite drug-related adverse reactions as against 19 in the @entity3352 group. A total of 38 @entity1 (18 on @entity11364 and 20 on @entity3352 ) suffered probably drug-related effects. @entity11364 therefore appeared to be better tolerated than @entity3352 .

title: XXXX and @entity3352 in acute @entity625 . A GP multicentre double-blind comparison.

entities_list: @entity11364 :: ('MESH:C013580', 'Chemical') :: ['isoxicam', 'Isoxicam']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['osteo-arthritis', 'osteo-arthritis of the hip']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity11364 :: (MESH:C013580,Chemical) :: ['Isoxicam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 is a condition characterised by fatty deposition in the hepatocytes of @entity1 in @entity1 with minimal or no @entity167 intake. Some @entity1 develop @entity7936 . @entity3645 may potentially protect cellular structures and may be of benefit in @entity1 with @entity1561 or @entity1560 . OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects of @entity3645 versus no intervention, placebo, or other interventions for @entity1 with @entity1561 or @entity1560 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register (July 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2005), EMBASE (1980 to July 2005), and The Chinese Biomedical Database (1978 to July 2005). No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials evaluating any @entity3645 versus no intervention, placebo, or other interventions in @entity1 with @entity1561 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data from the identified trials as well as contacted authors. We evaluated the methodological quality of the randomised trials by assessing the generation of allocation sequence, allocation concealment, blinding, and follow-up. We made our analyses following the intention-to-treat method by imputing missing data. MAIN RESULTS: We identified four randomised clinical trials randomising 279 @entity1 . Only one of the trials was considered a low-bias risk trial. One of the trials reported a non-liver-related @entity204 in the @entity6741 group. No significant differences were found regarding mortality or improvement in liver function tests observed after treatment with @entity10055 . Data on the radiological and histological responses were too scant to draw any definite conclusions. Adverse events were non-specific and considered of no major clinical relevance. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Presently, there are insufficient data to support or refute the use of @entity10055 for @entity1 with @entity1561 or @entity1560 . It may be advisable to carry out large randomised clinical trials on this topic.

title: @entity3645 for XXXX and/or @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'non-alcoholic fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With the use of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS), morphological changes in the median nerve have been recently reported in @entity1 with @entity923 ( @entity923 ). On the other hand, the literature still lacks the information whether those changes are further altered with @entity134 and local anesthetic injection which is a widely used treatment in this group of @entity1 . Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore in-vivo the effects of @entity134 with repetitive @entity8162 @entity5828 injection on the median nerve of @entity1 with @entity923 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: This prospective clinical trial followed-up @entity1 for 2 months. 22 @entity1 (37 median nerves) with clinical and electrophysiological evidence of @entity923 were included in the study. All @entity1 received both 40 mg of @entity2995 once and 4 ml of 1% @entity8162 @entity5828 twice a week for 2 weeks with the same technique. Clinical, functional, electrophysiological and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed at the study onset, and 2 months after the last injection. RESULTS: Electrophysiological, ultrasonographic findings (median nerve anterior-posterior diameter, transverse diameter and cross sectional area in the proximal carpal tunnel and volar bulging,) VAS scores, Boston carpal tunnel symptom and function assessment scale improved significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity134 injection with repetitive @entity8162 @entity5828 injection effectively reduced the symptoms of @entity923 , improved the Boston carpal tunnel symptom and function assessment scale and also electrophysiological and ultrasonographic findings. Long term effects remain to be studied. Indisputably, the use of MSUS seems to be promising in this regard.

title: Effects of @entity134 with repetitive @entity8162 XXXX injection in the management of @entity923 : an ultrasonographic study.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity5828 :: (CHEBI:17883,Chemical) :: ['HCl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors describe a new and simple procedure, the Micro-Reflux Test (MRT), to screen for primary acquired @entity1448 (PANDO). This study sought to determine the reliability of this new test in the diagnosis of complete @entity1448 . DESIGN: A nonrandomized, prospective, self-controlled, comparative case series. @entity1 : Two hundred eyes of 100 @entity1 with documented unilateral complete PANDO were examined. INTERVENTION: The MRT was performed by a masked examiner on both eyes of each @entity1 . Two drops of 0.25% @entity941 dye were instilled in the inferior cul-de-sac and the @entity1 made to blink five times to activate the lacrimal pump mechanism. Excess @entity941 dye was blotted away using tissue paper. The @entity1 was positioned at the slit lamp, and observation of the inferior punctum with the @entity1953 blue filter was done using 5x magnification. The tissue overlying the lacrimal sac was massaged in a counterclockwise direction with moderate pressure using the index finger. The test was considered positive if there was continued observed reflux of @entity941 -stained tears from the inferior punctum after the initial counterclockwise massage to empty the inferior canaliculus. The validity of the MRT was measured by sensitivity and specificity as well as positive- and negative-predictive values. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The MRT was considered positive if there was continued reflux of @entity941 -stained tears from the inferior punctum after the initial digital massage to empty the dye from the inferior canaliculus. RESULTS: The MRT used for the evaluation of complete PANDO has a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 95%. It has a positive-predictive value of 95% and a negative-predictive value of 97%. CONCLUSION: The MRT is a reliable screening test for presence of complete @entity1448 .

title: The Micro-Reflux Test: a new test to evaluate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Juvenile onset recurrent @entity1724 (JORRP) results from HPV transmission. @entity5 , also transmitted via HPV, is known to be correlated with @entity159 ( @entity159 ). This study aims to determine if an association exists between @entity159 and severity of JORRP. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all active JORRP @entity1 at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto in 2005. @entity159 information from Hollingshead surveys, Postal walk Census data, and Low Income Cutoff Data were compared with @entity66 severity scores, peak annual surgical frequency, and age of diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were surveyed. Hollingshead results were as follows: two @entity1 (10%) were class I (major business and professional); 11 @entity1 (52%) were class II (medium business, minor professional, technical); 4 @entity1 (19%) were class III (skilled craftsmen, clerical, sales workers); 4 @entity1 (19%) were class IV (machine operators, semiskilled workers); 0% were from class V (unskilled laborers, menial service workers). Interestingly, based on postal code data nine @entity1 (45%) were below the low income cutoff as compared to the Toronto (metropolitan) and Ontario (provincial) rates of low income (17% and 14%, respectively). There was significant correlation between each of the @entity159 measures and between disease severity measures. However, analysis of the @entity159 measures versus disease severity measures did not demonstrate any significant relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Though almost half the @entity1 lived below the low income cutoff, this study did not demonstrate a significant correlation between @entity159 and severity of disease in JORRP. One possible explanation is that universal access to the Canadian health care system is able to provide support despite a large proportion of @entity1 being socioeconomically vulnerable. A national level study is underway to further detect any relationship between @entity159 and JORRP severity in the general population.

title: Severity of juvenile onset recurrent XXXX is not associated with @entity159 in a setting of universal health care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Derkay-Wiatrak disease']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effect on long-term health outcomes of lifestyle interventions designed to produce @entity353 in postmenopausal @entity1 . A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases retrieved four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one controlled clinical trial (CCT) of at least 24 weeks' duration as well as one systematic review. The majority of the studies recruited from the community, had samples with similar baseline characteristics and assessed completers only. Drop-out rates varied from 2.5% to 16%. All active-treatment arms demonstrated significant improvements in weight and body composition from baseline. Significant effects between treatment groups were shown only in intervention versus control studies. Significant @entity353 was not accompanied by beneficial changes in cardiovascular risk factors in the majority of studies. None of the studies of @entity353 reported disease outcomes. Weight loss in active-treatment arms varied from 1.5 kg to 9 kg over 6-12 months. The study that produced the greatest @entity353 demonstrated improvements in risk factors and it may be that only this one study produced sufficient @entity353 to do so. Many of the studies were probably underpowered and too short in duration to detect change in risk factors. Lifestyle interventions do produce @entity353 in overweight postmenopausal @entity1 and have the potential to improve disease outcomes associated with overweight.

title: Health benefits of weight reduction in postmenopausal XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A paucity of data exists on the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity74 . AIM: Here we report results of a comprehensive analysis from two international registries of @entity1 with @entity74 , depicting the clinical picture of this disorder in @entity1 and describing any gender-related differences. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of two fully compatible, international registries of @entity1 with @entity74 (International Registry of @entity5630 , @entity26242 ; Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry, STER) was performed. RESULTS: In our cohort (N = 449; 215 male, 234 female), the higher prevalence of @entity548 in females strongly predicted ensuing gynaecological @entity548 (hazard ratio = 12.8, 95% CI 1.68-97.6, P = 0.014). @entity931 was the most prevalent type of @entity548 (46.4% of @entity1 ), and was the presentation symptom in 12% of cases. Replacement therapies administered were also analysed. For surgical procedures (n = 50), a receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the minimal first dose of rFVIIa to avoid postsurgical @entity548 during the first 24 hours was 22  g kg(-1) , and no less than two administrations. Prophylaxis was reported in 25 @entity1 with excellent or effective outcomes when performed with a total weekly rFVIIa dose of 90  g kg(-1) (divided as three doses). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5630 have a @entity548 disorder mainly characterized by @entity548 , which predicts an increased risk of ensuing gynaecological @entity548 . Systematic replacement therapy or long-term prophylaxis with rFVIIa may reduce the impact of @entity931 on the reproductive system, @entity68 loss and may avoid unnecessary hysterectomies.

title: XXXX with @entity5630 : clinical phenotype and treatment options from two international studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous bleeds', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['Factor VII deficiency', 'FVII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency', 'inherited FVII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia', 'Menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: At the University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in Zagreb, Croatia, we treated 81 @entity1 with primary @entity4615 , in a period from January 1975 to December 1994. There were 55 female and 26 male pts, in age from 1 month to 80 years, mean 46+/-15 years. Clinical manifestations varied from no symptoms and very poor or no clinical signs to various manifestations of chronic or acute @entity712 , @entity1163 and @entity943 with or without systemic findings such as high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity417 , leucocytosis, elevated gamma globulin, @entity882 or low grade fever, as well as @entity64 due to @entity5 embolization. Cardiac symptoms were predominant in 54 pts (66.6%) and cerebrovascular in 20 pts (24.7%). Seven pts (8.6%) were symptomless and discovered accidentally, mostly regarding on an unexplained heart murmur. In almost all the @entity1 preoperative diagnosis of @entity4615 was sufficiently established by echocardiography. The @entity5 was located in the left atrium in 62 pts (76.5%) and in the right atrium in 19 pts (23.5%). Delay from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis was 6 months in average (range 10 days to 25 months). The average waiting for the operation was 9 days (range from 1 to 60 days). The echocardiographic diagnosis was confirmed during intraoperative examination followed by histological analysis. All pts underwent excision of @entity3291 using cardiopulmonary bypass with core and topical @entity2332 and @entity5032 . According to the additional preoperative and intraoperative findings, in 6 pts sinchronous mitral valve reconstruction, in 3 pts artificial @entity339 and in 2 pts atrial wall reconstruction was performed. There was no perioperative mortality. After the operation, we could not evaluate all the @entity1 long enough, mostly because of some paramedical circumstancies, such as war, migrations, etc. Twenty two pts undevent evaluation for at least 5 years after the operation. Among them there was no evidence of the @entity5 recurrence, 15 pts were asymptomatic and 7 had NYHA II class symptoms. For 17 pts with a left @entity4615 preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic data were available for comparison, showing a significant reduction of the left atrial diameter (p<0.001) during the postoperative follow-up. Our data, presenting one of the biggest reports concerning @entity299 , showed a broad spectrum of their clinical presentation, importance of echocardiography in diagnosing and postoperative follow-up and efficacy of a proper surgical intervention as a definite, curative therapy since there were no deaths and no significant @entity299 neither @entity5 reccurrence as well.

title: XXXX : diagnostic approach, surgical treatment and follow-up. A twenty years experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold crystaloid cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac myxoma', 'atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac myxomas']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac myxoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1772 for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) unresponsive to standard anti-reflux therapy. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with refractory GERC were given an 8-wk course of @entity1772 20 mg three times a day as an add-on therapy to @entity4546 . Changes in the cough symptom score, cough threshold to @entity2951 , reflux symptom score and possible adverse effects were determined after treatment. The variables of multi-channel intraluminal impedance combined with pH monitoring were compared between responders and non-responders to @entity1772 . RESULTS: Twelve of 16 @entity1 completed treatment. Cough disappeared or improved in 56.3% (9/16) of @entity1 , including 6 @entity1 with acid reflux-induced cough (66.7%) and 3 @entity1 with non-acid reflux-induced cough (33.3%). With @entity1772 treatment, the cough symptom score began to decrease at week 2, was clearly decreased at week 6 and reached a minimum at week 8. At the end of therapy, the lowest concentration of @entity2951 required for induction of >=  2 and >=  5 coughs increased from 0.98 (1.46) to 1.95 (6.82)  mol/L (Z = -2.281, P = 0.024) and from 1.95 (7.31) to 7.8 (13.65)  mol/L (Z = -2.433, P = 0.014), respectively, and the reflux symptom score decreased from 8.0    1.6 to 6.8    0.8 (t = 2.454, P = 0.023). The number of acid reflux episodes was significantly lower in responders than in non-responders. The main adverse effects were @entity2147 , dizziness and @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: @entity1772 is a useful, but suboptimal treatment option for refractory GERC.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of XXXX in refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is used to remove a circumferential strip of mucosa and submucosa about 4 cm above the dentate line, in order to restore the correct anatomical relationships of the anal canal structures. We evaluated the histological features of the resected tissue obtained after stapled hemorrhoidopexy with correlation to the short-term and mid-term results. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 234 cases of stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Data concerning @entity86 , anal @entity158 , @entity322 , @entity850 , and recurrence of @entity6713 were collected from hospital and outpatient clinic records. Histologic slides were examined for the type of epithelium, presence of muscle fibers, nerve endings, and degree of @entity455 . RESULTS: Some 52% of the biopsies revealed on the surface a combination of glandular with squamous epithelium, meaning a stapling line at the level of the transitional zone/dentate line. Smooth muscle fibers were more frequent as the stapling line approached the level of the dentate line/transitional zone (p = 0.0028). Internal sphincter fibers were present in 36% of the cases, yet there were no cases of anal @entity322 . Inclusion of merely squamous epithelium in the resected tissue correlated with severe @entity282 persisting one week after surgery (p < 0.0001), whereas the concurrent presence of squamous and glandular epithelium correlated only with severe @entity158 on the first postoperative day (p = 0.018). Nerve endings were more frequent in @entity1 with anal @entity158 one week after surgery (p = 0.02). The rate of recurrence of symptoms was 3%, which did not correlate with any of the histological parameters tested. CONCLUSIONS: Though stapled hemorrhoidopexy is performed according to well-established technical guidelines, it is too difficult to be standardized.

title: Mid-term results of stapled hemorrhoidopexy for third- and fourth-degree XXXX --correlation with the histological features of the resected tissue.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ectasia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: We report a 11-year-old @entity1 and two 14-year-old @entity1 with @entity699 due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). In these @entity1 , @entity699 is a consequence of autonomous @entity701 secretion from adrenal glands and is ACTH-independent. Besides PPNAD, the @entity1 had @entity6311 , spotty pigmentation on her bucal mucosa and lips and she also had @entity808 . One of the reported @entity1 had @entity2013 . Considering this, those two @entity1 fulfill the criteria for @entity11930 which is a type of @entity3018 inherited in an autosomal dominant trait. The other @entity1 had PPNAD but no other obvious signs of @entity11930 were noticed. Family study didn't reveal any clinical or laboratory signs of @entity11930 in our @entity1 ' first relatives. All of our @entity1 underwent bilateral adrenalectomy (in one of the @entity1 laparoscopic surgery was performed). Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid substitution has been started. @entity10163 were macroscopically normal but pathohistological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of PPNAD.

title: [Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease as cause of @entity699 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity11930 :: ('MESH:D056733', 'Disease') :: ['Carney complex']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['lentigines']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal glands']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity11930 :: (MESH:D056733,Disease) :: ['Carney complex']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: It is well known that under the proper conditions multipotential bone marrow stromal cells are capable of osteogenic differentiation. Recently studies have demonstrated that an analogous subpopulation of cells exist within adipose tissue. Although early studies characterizing these adipose-derived stromal (ADS) cells in culture exist, investigations exploring the characteristics and viability of these cells cultured on a three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix are absent. PURPOSE: To characterize and investigate the viability of ADS cells cultured on bioengineered three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrices (SMM). STUDY DESIGN: Basic science, laboratory study. @entity1 SAMPLE: Sixty SMM total. Six underwent examination by scanning electron microscopy, 18 for cellular viability, 18 for biochemical assay, and 18 for evaluation by gene expression. OUTCOME MEASURES: The SMM were examined under scanning electron microscopy to evaluate for adherence, migration, and proliferation at 7, 14, and 28 days. Cellular viability was assessed using colorimetric assay for mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity in viable cells (MTS [ @entity15781 ] assay) at each corresponding time point. Osteoblastic differentiation was determined using biochemical assays for @entity623 activity and gene expression for @entity623 ( @entity623 ), osteocalcin (OC), and @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ). METHODS: Multipotential ADS cells from adult @entity35 were isolated and maintained in media. Sintered microsphere matrices of @entity10124 [85:15] were prepared using solvent evaporation technique followed by mechanical sieving and fabricated by heating in metal molds. ADS cells were then seeded on the SMM and cultured in media with growth and differentiation factor-5 ( @entity26885 ). Treated samples and controls were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days. Statistical significance was set at p<.05. RESULTS: Multipotential ADS cells were capable of being isolated from adipose tissue. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation revealed cells adherent to the scaffold surface in a monolayer by 7 days. Cytoplasmic extensions were seen linking the cells on adjacent microspheres. Migration and proliferation resulting in extension of the cellular elements into the scaffold was apparent by 14 days. MTS confirmed cell viability within the scaffold throughout the 28-day study. Osteoblastic differentiation was confirmed using biochemical assays for @entity623 activity and gene expression for @entity623 , OC, and @entity8087 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate the fate of @entity37065 seeded on a three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix. The results of this study confirm that ADS cells, when treated with @entity26885 , are not only capable of adhering to the bioengineered scaffold, but also remain viable and demonstrated the ability to migrate, proliferate, and subsequently undergo osteogenic differentiation under the conditions described. These early findings support the concept that ADS cells cultured on a SMM may serve as a viable alternative to more traditional methods of bone graft materials.

title: Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells treated with XXXX cultured on a novel three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix.

entities_list: @entity8087 :: ('860', 'Gene') :: ['core binding factor alpha-1', 'Cbfa1']

entities_list: @entity15781 :: ('MESH:C070380', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactide-co-glycolide)']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity26885 :: (8200,Gene) :: ['GDF-5']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual results of full-time occlusion therapy in pediatric @entity1 with monocular structural abnormalities and @entity4457 . METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of visually immature @entity1 with unilateral structural @entity227 , who presented to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics over a 20-year period, and underwent @entity4457 therapy. The results were categorized according to the type of structural abnormality (i.e., partial media opacity, @entity75 , or @entity1781 ). Associated factors, including @entity9340 , strabismus, age of presentation, and pupillary responses, were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of the 51 @entity1 in the study achieved a visual acuity of at least 20/80, including 72% of the @entity1 with media opacities, 42% with macular lesions, and 21% with @entity1781 . Strabismus and @entity9340 occurred frequently and were not prognostically significant. Relative afferent @entity2300 did not contraindicate good results. Amblyopia recurred in 31% of @entity1 and was successfully treated with resumption of full-time occlusion. Occlusion @entity4457 occurred in only one @entity1 and was easily reversed. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend a trial of full-time occlusion for @entity1 with all three types of @entity2526 . The @entity1 with partial media opacities have a high success rate. Despite lower success rates for the other two groups, good results are possible; no better treatment option exists.

title: Results of XXXX therapy in eyes with @entity2526 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and decreased visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['macula lesion']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve anomalies', 'optic nerve abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defects']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: Many processes that are essential for mycobacterial growth are poorly understood. To facilitate genetic analyses of such processes in mycobacteria, we and others have developed regulated expression systems that are repressed by a @entity803 repressor (TetR) and induced with @entity2930 , permitting the construction of conditional mutants of essential genes. A disadvantage of these systems is that @entity2930 function as transcriptional inducers and have to be removed to initiate gene silencing. Recently, reverse TetR mutants were identified that require @entity2930 as co-repressors. Here, we report that one of these mutants, TetR r1.7, allows efficient repression of lacZ expression in @entity7666 in the presence but not the absence of @entity23784 (atc). TetR and TetR r1.7 also allowed efficient silencing of the essential secA1 gene, as demonstrated by inhibition of the growth of a conditional mutant and dose-dependent depletion of the SecA1 protein after the removal or addition, respectively, of atc. The kinetics of SecA1 depletion were similar with TetR and TetR r1.7. To test whether silencing of secA1 could help identify substrates of the general secretion pathway, we analyzed the main porin of @entity7666 , MspA. This showed that the amount of cell envelope-associated MspA decreased more than 90-fold after secA1 silencing. We thus demonstrated that TetR r1.7 allows the construction of conditional mycobacterial mutants in which the expression of an essential gene can be efficiently silenced by the addition of atc and that gene silencing permits the identification of candidate substrates of mycobacterial secretion systems.

title: Silencing XXXX by using @entity803 repressors.

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis', 'M. smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity23784 :: ('MESH:C016229', 'Chemical') :: ['anhydrotetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

answer: @entity7666 :: (1772,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1283 is often seen in the out- @entity1 setting. Frequently, these @entity1 are listed for tonsillectomy for the purpose of ruling out malignant histology. This study aims to determine the necessity for tonsillectomy. METHOD: This retrospective case-note review looks at all the tonsillectomies performed for histological examination at our institution over a five year period, and analyses the histological findings in those with @entity1283 ( @entity1283 ) alone, and those with @entity1283 with other clinical features (history of @entity1118 , @entity1282 , the presence of tonsillar or @entity10900 , those with cervical @entity3329 ). All @entity1 who underwent tonsillectomy for the purpose of histological examination from 1 June 1998 to 30 May 2003 were identified and their notes reviewed. Exclusion criteria included cases where there were no pre-operative out- @entity1 notes, those @entity1 where the specimens had been sent from other hospitals, those @entity1 who had @entity5 already diagnosed, and those cases where tonsillectomy had been performed by other surgical specialties (e.g. maxillofacial, plastics). There were 1475 tonsillectomies, of which 181 performed over this period were sent for histological analysis. After excluding those @entity1 that did not meet our criteria, we were left with 53 @entity1 who had @entity1283 . The primary outcome measure was the rate of @entity5 in the two groups. RESULTS: Of these, 33 had @entity1283 alone, 20 had associated clinical features. In the former group, none of the @entity1 were found to have @entity5 . In the latter, nine (45 per cent) had a @entity5 . Fisher's exact test was used to test for differences between the @entity1283 alone group versus the @entity1283 plus other features group (p<0.001). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of @entity5 in tonsils which exhibit asymmetry with no other clinical features is very low; in our study it was zero. However, other studies have found a small percentage representing underlying @entity5 . In view of this, we feel that a 'watch and wait' policy is initially more appropriate, and if symptoms or signs are progressive, tonsillectomy should then be advised.

title: Is XXXX alone an indication for tonsillectomy?

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral tonsillar enlargement', 'UTE', 'unilateral tonsillar enlargement']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar mucosal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['unilateral tonsillar enlargement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stiffness has been associated to @entity5 in prostate and breast, as well as thyroid. Ultrasound elastography objectively measures tissue elasticity, and previous studies have described it as a high sensitivity and specificity technique for the detection of malignant thyroid nodules in high-risk populations. The aim was to assess the accuracy of elastography in a population with low risk of @entity5 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : 128 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8170 were recruited. Elastography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration were performed. When @entity5 was suspected by citology, surgery was recommended. Thyroid nodules were classified by elastography according the criteria described by Ueno, and an alternative classification. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were female, aged 56.1 year, with single nodule (52.0%) or @entity1376 (45.6%), and a few @entity1374 (2.4%). The majority of nodules were mostly elastic. Fine-needle aspiration found 86% of benign nodules, 9.3% of indeterminate, and 4.7% possibly malignant. After surgery, 3 malignant nodules were confirmed, all of them being @entity1377 . All the malignant nodules were mostly elastic, as well as 75% of indeterminate nodules. Low values of sensitivity and specificity were found for elastic nodules being benign and hard nodules malignant. CONCLUSION: In a low-risk population for @entity259 , elastography lacks accuracy for the diagnosis of malignant nodules.

title: Accuracy of ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of XXXX in a low-risk population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between abdominal aortic @entity730 scores (AACS) and bone metabolism parameters in a well-characterized general population of older adults. BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest a link between bone mineral metabolism disorders and @entity729 ; although only few of them analyze bone mineral density( @entity1555 ), laboratory bone markers and cardiovascular parameters at the same time and none were done in a miscegenated population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 815 subjects >=  65 years old. The risk factors for @entity170 and @entity65 as well as a wide array of demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. @entity1555 was measured by DXA. Kauppila's method was used to quantify the AAC score (AACS) by spine X-rays. Laboratory analyses were also performed. RESULTS: AAC was observed in 63.2% of subjects with a median AACS of 2 (IQR: 0-7). AACS were categorized in quartiles and the highest quartile of AACS (>7) were compared with the three lower quartiles of AACS ( <= 7). Logistic regression analysis was performed using parameters with statistical significance in the univariate analysis. The best logistic regression model revealed that AACS>7 was negatively associated with femoral neck @entity1555 and positively associated with @entity3151 , adjusted by age, current smoking, LDL, and arterial @entity101 in the elderly community-dwelling population. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that higher serum @entity1391 levels and lower hip @entity1555 are independent bone variables that are associated with @entity729 scores, supporting the search for effective prevention and treatment strategies that may simultaneously reduce these modifiable risk factors in older subjects.

title: Serum @entity1391 and hip bone mineral density as additional factors for high XXXX scores in a community-dwelling: the S  o Paulo Ageing _ Health Study (SPAH).

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'elevated vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcification']


abstract: Exposure for 20 min of stationary phase cells of @entity2491 to a combined @entity262 ( @entity262 ) treatment comprising hypochlorite derived 5 ppm free available @entity3878 in solution acidified with 1% succinate (pH 2.5) and at a chill shock temperature of 5 degrees C resulted in symptoms of injury. Cells became sensitive to 40 micrograms/ml lysozyme, 50 micrograms/ml @entity4316 and 100 micrograms/ml ribonuclease B, to which control cells were resistant. @entity209 was indicated by reduction in colony forming ability of stressed cells on minimal salts @entity413 agar M9 medium. There was no detectable leakage loss of 260-280 nm-absorbing materials. This was also confirmed by assay of the cellular RNA material components. Loss of alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the stressed cells. The intensity of induced cellular damage as measured by lysozyme sensitivity was greatest in the cells exposed to the complete @entity262 , followed by those stressed in 1% succinate at 5 degrees C, then 5 ppm @entity3878 at 5 degrees C and the singular chill shock stress at 5 degrees C, respectively. The magnitudes of cellular damage, however, were suggestive of synergistic interactions among the component stress factors of the @entity262 . The findings obtained indicated impairment of the structural integrity and functional capabilities of the permeability barriers and the inactivation of certain periplasmic enzymes. The resultant cumulative cellular damage from the @entity262 exposure may therefore enhance greater sensitivity of treated cells to subsequent stress factors.

title: Mechanisms of triple stress-mediated damage in stationary phase cells of XXXX exposed to succinate-acidified hypochlorite system at 5 degrees C.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'triple stress system']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Targeted fusion biopsies have led to an improved @entity263 ( @entity263 ) detection rate ( @entity7958 ). Our aim was to assess if device-assisted fusion biopsies are superior to cognitive ones in terms of @entity7958 . The association between multiparametric MRI parameters and @entity263 was also evaluated. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 50 @entity1 who underwent transrectal biopsy with elastic fusion (Koelis; group KB, n = 25) or cognitive approach (group CB, n = 25). Targeted biopsies were done on targets, while a variable number of random biopsies were performed depending on the clinical case. RESULTS: The groups did not significantly differ in terms of age, @entity1486 , prostate volume and previous biopsies. Mean number of random cores was significantly inferior in KB group (8.4 vs. 12.1) and mean number of targeted biopsies was significantly higher (3.6 vs. 2.6). @entity7958 was higher in fusion biopsies (64 vs. 40%), with the gap becoming significant when considering @entity7958 of MRI targets only (59 vs. 27%). The difference was marked for lesions  <=10 mm, where @entity7958 was 52% in KB against 21% in CB group. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, elastic fusion biopsies performed with Koelis achieve an increased per- @entity1 and per-lesion @entity7958 as compared to cognitive biopsies, especially in the case of lesions  <=10 mm.

title: XXXX Detection Rate with Koelis Fusion Biopsies versus Cognitive Biopsies: A Comparative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: To determine whether @entity968 ( @entity970 ) causes growth of liposomes by affecting them directly or indirectly, vesicles composed of @entity2434 were exposed to increasing concentrations of Mr 15 000-20 000 @entity970 or Mr 40 000 dextran either by direct mixing or across a dialysis membrane. After incubation at room temperature and dilution below at least 5% (w/w) polymer, the vesicles were monitored for fluorescence energy transfer and for absorbance at 400 nm. @entity970 induced the same levels of dequenching or lipid mixing and increased turbidity, regardless of whether the vesicles had been mixed directly with or dialyzed against @entity970 . These changes occurred within 5-15 min of polymer application. It is concluded that the increased lipid mixing and/or increased turbidity, indicating @entity851 , resulted from an indirect effect of @entity970 on the vesicles--most likely dehydration. Dextran, in contrast to @entity970 , induced less dequenching and/or less turbidity increase when vesicles were directly mixed with, as opposed to dialyzed against, dextran. Although dextran not in contact with vesicles and with osmotic activity comparable to @entity970 was able to cause a degree of membrane fusion similar to that of @entity970 , therefore, the dehydrating effect of dextran could be mitigated if it were allowed to interact with vesicles. In further support of membrane dehydration as a precursor to membrane fusion, lipid mixing among sonicated and sonicated, frozen-thawed vesicles dialyzed against @entity969 increased as a function of @entity969 concentration. Vesicle morphology generally determined the maximal degree of membrane fusion inducible by the polymers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Membrane fusion due to dehydration by XXXX , dextran, or @entity969 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['vesicle growth']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: To characterize the role of @entity1218 in the generation of TSH pulsatility as well as the effect of @entity1375 on episodic GH secretion, blood was constantly withdrawn (30-60 microliters/min) from @entity35 treated with 0.02% @entity3937 in the drinking water for 8-10 days. This treatment significantly reduced circulating levels of both T3 and T4 and elevated plasma TSH; however, since @entity6145 titers were still detectable (T3, 39.6 +/- 5.3 vs. 89.8 +/- 5.3 ng/dl in euthyroid animals), @entity3937 -treated @entity35 were referred to as being mildly @entity1375 . TSH was found to be secreted in secretory bursts, consisting of one to several peaks in these @entity35 . Pulsar analysis of TSH secretory profiles revealed a mean pulse frequency of 2.8 pulses/h, a mean pulse amplitude of 10 ng/pulse, and a mean pulse duration of 0.2 h. Euthyroid @entity35 exhibited similar fluctuations of circulating TSH levels; however, due to the variability of the TSH RIA in the range of euthyroid TSH titers, no significant pulsatility was detected by Pulsar. Mean plasma TSH levels in eu- and @entity1375 @entity35 were 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 14.6 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, respectively. To confirm that the @entity1218 antiserum ( @entity1218 - @entity5427 ) used in the present study for passive immunization had sufficient binding capacity to absorb endogenous @entity1218 release, euthyroid @entity35 were pretreated with either normal rabbit serum or @entity1218 - @entity5427 , followed by the injection of @entity1338 (100 micrograms/kg BW, iv). This alpha 2-adrenergic agonist caused a significant (P < 0.01) 12.7-fold rise in plasma TSH levels in normal rabbit serum-treated animals, which was completely abolished by @entity1218 - @entity5427 pretreatment, indicating that @entity1338 stimulates TSH secretion via activation of hypothalamic @entity1218 release. When @entity1218 - @entity5427 was slowly infused into @entity1375 @entity35 that were sampled frequently for the detection of TSH pulsatility, it caused a significant (60.3%; P < 0.01) decrease in mean TSH levels, with TSH titers approaching euthyroid concentrations 1 h after the infusion of @entity1218 - @entity5427 . The antiserum treatment also caused the disappearance of statistically significant (Pulsar) TSH secretory pulses. Mild @entity1375 shifted the GH secretory profiles from a low frequency, high amplitude in euthyroid animals to a high frequency, low amplitude pattern in @entity1375 @entity35 . Mean GH levels in @entity1375 @entity35 were 76% lower than those in euthyroid controls. These findings show that TSH is secreted in a pulsatile fashion in the @entity1375 @entity35 and that @entity1218 is predominantly responsible for the generation of TSH pulsatility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Analysis of pulsatile secretion of thyrotropin and growth hormone in the @entity1375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity35 heart and liver mitochondria, respectively, oxidized @entity11668 and @entity13134 optimally at 20-30 and 10-20 nmol substrate/mg. The oxidation of @entity11668 was accompanied by a lag in State 3 respiration that was proportional to the @entity11668 concentration. The delay in State 3 rates was more prolonged in liver than in heart at comparable @entity11668 levels. A similar range of @entity11668 concentrations produced significant inhibition of respiration in mitochondria oxidizing @entity2227 - @entity5910 . The inhibition was not due to a detergent effect of @entity11668 since addition of @entity6211 restored State 3 rates. Electron microscopic examination of mitochondria at low @entity11668 levels revealed normal ultrastructure. At comparable concentrations of @entity11668 , formation of @entity13134 by mitochondria from @entity35 heart and liver followed first-order kinetics. The apparent first-order rate constants decreased with increasing @entity11668 . These results suggest that substrate inhibition may influence the rate of @entity13134 formation even at physiological concentrations of @entity11668 . The apparent first-order rate constant at @entity11668 levels (12 nmol @entity11668 /mg) optimally oxidized by liver mitochondria, was one-third the value of the apparent rate constant measured in heart mitochondria at the identical substrate level. The prolongation in time to reach equilibrium may acocunt for the relatively greater respiratory sensitivity of liver mitochondria to increasing levels of @entity11668 .

title: The effect of palmitoyl-coenzyme A on XXXX heart and liver mitochondria. Oxygen consumption and @entity13134 formation.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity13134 :: ('MESH:D010172', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoylcarnitine', 'palmitoyl carnitine']

entities_list: @entity11668 :: ('MESH:D010171', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl-CoA', 'palmitoyl CoA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity37309 has been shown to mediate signal transduction of @entity669 kinases and affect function of hematopoietic cells. However, its role in @entity1210 during embryonic development is currently unclear. In this study, we examined this issue using morpholino (MO) gene knockdown in @entity3392 embryos METHODS: MO targeting at the exon-1-intron-1 junction of @entity3392 PLC-gamma1 was injected into embryos at the one- to four-cell stage (referred herein zPLC-gamma1(MO) embryos). Primitive @entity1210 was examined quantitatively by flow cytometry in Tg( @entity4061 :GFP) embryos and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 18 hours-post-fertilization (hpf), before the onset of circulation. The embryos were also treated with receptor inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor at 25, 1, and 30 micromol/L, respectively, from one cell until 48 hpf. RESULTS: Erythropoiesis was reduced in zPLC-gamma1(MO) embryos, as shown by the reduction in @entity4061 (+) cells (wild-type: 4.32% +/- 0.10% vs zPLC-gamma1(MO): 2.38% +/- 0.11%, p = 0.021) and @entity4061 and alpha-embryonic hemoglobin expression [0.47 +/- 0.06-fold (p = 0.013) and 0.46 +/- 0.04-fold (p = 0.013)]. Expression of scl, @entity37310 (early hematopoietic progenitors), pu.1, and @entity37311 (myelomonocytic lineages) as well as @entity29361 (vascular progenitors) were unaffected. @entity29361 (+) cells in Tg( @entity29361 :GFP) embryos were also unaffected by zPLC-gamma1(MO). When embryos were incubated with receptor inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFRTKI), fibroblast growth factor ( @entity7795 ), or platelet-derived growth factor ( @entity37312 ), only VEGFRTKI reduced erythropoiesis [VEGFRTKI: 2.10% +/- 0.07% (p = 0.021) vs @entity7795 : 4.08% +/- 0.12% (p = 0.248) vs @entity37312 : 4.12% +/- 0.14% (p = 0.149)]. CONCLUSION: PLC-gamma1 is involved in the regulation of primitive @entity1210 in @entity3392 embryos, which is distinct from its later effect on vascular formation.

title: The role of @entity37309 in primitive @entity1210 during XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: A 42 year @entity1 presented with malignant @entity101 , @entity1696 and @entity5714 with schistocytosis. The diagnosis of @entity9818 was confirmed by early renal biopsy. Purely symptomatic treatment (peritoneal dialysis and @entity551 drugs) was supplemented by administration of heparin and Dipyridamole. Gastro-intestinal bleeding prevented early thrombolytic therapy. @entity5714 rapidly disappeared but @entity1696 persisted. Three months later a second renal biopsy showed persistence of active lesions and absence of irreversible parenchymal damage. Streptokinase treatment was then instituted and followed by a rapid return of urinary output. Hemodialysis was stopped and renal function continued to improve over the following months. Two years later the @entity1 remains well despite persistence of @entity101 difficult to control. @entity1011 clearance is stable at 20 ml/min. This observation suggests that late thrombolytic therapy may be effective in @entity1 with @entity9818 when histological findings do not indicate extensive irreversible lesions.

title: Late streptokinase therapy in XXXX : a case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['Microangiopathic anemia', 'hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High cutoff hemofilters are characterized by an increased effective pore size designed to facilitate the elimination of inflammatory mediators in @entity295 . Clinical data on this new renal replacement modality are lacking. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital, intensive care units. @entity1 : : Thirty @entity1 with @entity295 -induced @entity810 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were allocated to high cutoff (n = 20) or conventional (n = 10) hemofiltration in a 2:1 ratio. Median renal replacement dose was 31 mL/kg/hr. For high cutoff hemofiltration, a high-flux hemofilter with an in vivo cutoff point of approximately 60 kilodaltons was used. Conventional hemofiltration was performed with a standard high-flux hemofilter (PF11S). The impacts of high cutoff hemofiltration on the need for @entity1063 and on plasma levels and clearance rates for @entity650 and @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) were analyzed. Absolute values, but also adjusted values (expressed as proportion of baseline), were analyzed. The observation period was restricted to 48 hrs. MAIN RESULTS: Apart from higher antithrombin III levels at entry into the study, main clinical and laboratory parameters were comparable between both groups. The median @entity1063 dose at entry into the study was 0.30 microg/kg/min in the high cutoff group and 0.21 microg/kg/min in the conventional hemofiltration group (p = .448). Only the high cutoff group showed a significant decline (p = .0002) in "adjusted" @entity1063 dose over time. Clearance rates for @entity650 and @entity1193 were significantly higher in the high cutoff hemofiltration group (p < .0001), which translated into a significant decline of the corresponding plasma levels (p = .0465 for @entity650 ; p = .0293 for @entity1193 ). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, high cutoff hemofiltration has been shown to exert a beneficial effect on the need for @entity1063 in septic @entity1 with @entity810 . In addition, we demonstrate that high cutoff hemofiltration is superior to conventional hemofiltration in the elimination of @entity650 and @entity1193 from the circulating blood of septic @entity1 .

title: Pilot study on the effects of high cutoff hemofiltration on the need for XXXX in septic @entity1 with @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine whether perfusion computed tomography (PCT) adds value to noncontrast head CT (NCT), CT angiogram (CTA), and clinical assessment in @entity1 suspected of acute @entity385 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 165 @entity1 with acute @entity385 . PCT was used to calculate the volumes of @entity1188 core and ischemic penumbra on admission. Other imaging data included Alberta Score Program Early CT Score, site of occlusion, and collateral flow. Clinical data included age, time, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale at baseline, treatment type, and modified Rankin score (mRS) at 90 days. Recanalization status was assessed on follow-up imaging. In a first multivariate regression analysis, we assessed whether volumes of PCT penumbra and @entity1188 core could be predicted from clinical variables, NCT, or CTA, or whether they represented independent information. In a second multivariate regression analysis, we used mRS at 90 days as outcome and determined which variables predicted it best. RESULTS: Of 165 @entity1 identified, 76 had a mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days, 89 had a mRS score >2. @entity1188 could be predicted by clinical data, NCT, CTA, and combinations of this data (P<0.05). PCT penumbra could not be predicted by clinical data, NCT, and CTA. All of the variables but NCT and CTA were significantly associated with 90-day mRS outcome. The single most important predictor was recanalization status (P<0.001). PCT penumbra volume (P=0.001) was also a predictor of clinical outcome, especially when considered in conjunction with recanalization through an interaction term (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PCT penumbra represents independent information, which cannot be predicted by clinical, NCT, and CTA data. PCT penumbra is an important determinant of clinical outcome and adds relevant clinical information compared with a @entity64 CT workup, including NCT and CTA.

title: Computed tomography workup of XXXX suspected of acute @entity385 : perfusion computed tomography adds value compared with clinical evaluation, noncontrast computed tomography, and computed tomography angiogram in terms of predicting outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'PCT infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1031 remain a leading cause of maternal mortality in the developed world. The halving of the number of deaths from @entity1031 in the last Confidential Enquiry provides further proof that they are largely preventable. A formal assessment of risk factors (e.g. previous @entity1031 , @entity49 , @entity28 ) should be made at booking and at the time of delivery, or when intercurrent problems develop or the @entity1 is admitted. @entity1 with risk factors pre-dating pregnancy should be offered pre-pregnancy counselling and planning. Thromboprophylaxis should be instituted as soon as practical, bearing in mind that potentially fatal @entity1031 may occur in the first trimester. All @entity1 presenting in pregnancy with new chest symptoms should be thoroughly investigated. Imaging is safe and should not be withheld. Treatment should be started empirically while the investigations are completed. Both prophylaxis and treatment doses should be carefully adjusted to take into account the weight of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX in obstetrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic disorders', 'thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic disorders']