abstract: Pathological modifications in the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein @entity745 were recently associated to @entity179 including @entity746 ( @entity746 ), a @entity74 that affects predominantly motoneurons [Neumann, M. et al. (2006) Ubiquitinated @entity745 in @entity747 and @entity746 . Science 314, 130-133, Sreedharan, J. et al. (2008) @entity745 mutations in familial and sporadic @entity746 . Science 319, 1668-1672, Kabashi, E. et al. (2008) TARDBP mutations in individuals with sporadic and familial @entity746 . Nat. Genet. 40, 572-574]. However, the function of @entity745 in vivo is unknown and a possible direct role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. Here, we report that flies lacking @entity238 @entity745 appeared externally normal but presented @entity146 , reduced life span and anatomical defects at the neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes were rescued by expression of the @entity1 protein in a restricted group of neurons including motoneurons. Our results demonstrate the role of this protein in vivo and suggest an alternative explanation to @entity746 pathogenesis that may be more due to the lack of @entity745 function than to the @entity137 of the aggregates.

title: Depletion of XXXX affects @entity238 motoneurons terminal synapsis and @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['deficient locomotive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['late-onset disorder']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity745 :: (37781(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['TDP-43']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of B-type natriuretic hormone ( @entity3876 ) assay in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in the first month of life. METHODS: @entity3876 was measured in 152 neonates with @entity299 ; 154 healthy @entity1 matched for age were used as controls. @entity3876 was measured with a fully automated platform (Triage @entity3876 reagents, Access Immunoassay Systems, Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA). RESULTS: @entity3876 values were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in newborns and @entity1 with @entity299 compared with control ( @entity299 @entity1 : median 1167.5 ng/L, range 25-54,447 ng/L; healthy @entity1 : median 150.5 ng/L, range 5-866 ng/L). The diagnostic accuracy of @entity3876 was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, taking into account the three different groups divided according to age. Group 1: all @entity299 @entity1 and healthy newborns and @entity1 as a whole (i.e., from birth to the 30th day of life); Group 2: from the 1st to 3rd day of life; Group 3: from the 4th to 30th day of life. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for Group 3 (0.935) was significantly higher than that for Group 1 (0.843, p=0.009) and Group 2 (0.769, p=0.0003), while the AUC values of Group 1 and Group 2 were not significantly different (p=0.191). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3876 may be considered a useful marker for screening in the integrated approach of newborns, @entity1 and @entity1 with suspected @entity299 . However, the accuracy of the @entity3876 assay varies greatly during the first month of extra-uterine life, showing the lowest diagnostic accuracy in the first 3 days after birth. After the second week of life, the biomarker becomes more accurate in ruling in @entity299 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of B-type natriuretic hormone for XXXX in the first month of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: We have retrospectively evaluated islet isolation records collected from 230 consecutive adult pancreases with 146 pancreases fulfilling all criteria for our evaluation. Fifty-six pancreases procured by our local organ procurement team (33 before in situ vascular flush and 23 after in situ vascular flush with University of Wisconsin [UW] solution) were compared with 90 pancreases received from distant centers that were shipped in UW solution after in situ vascular flushing. Cold storage of 3-26 hr preceded islet isolation using collagenase digestion and Ficoll purification. Recoveries of islets were assessed by duplicate counts of @entity8059 -stained aliquots before and after purification. Isolations were considered successful if > 100,000 viable islets (islet equivalents to 150 microns) were recovered after purification. Islet function was assessed by in vitro @entity413 -stimulated perifusion and islets were considered viable if the stimulation index ( @entity413 stimulated over basal insulin secretion) was > 2. Eighty-three percent of the isolations from locally procured, UW-flushed pancreases were successful, as compared with 86% for pancreases that were stored for 3 to 8 hr, 73% for 8 to 16 hr of storage, and 38% for isolations following > 16 hr of cold storage. Increasing the duration of cold storage prior to islet isolation was associated with an increased proportion of failed isolations and decreased measures of islet viability. The actual numbers of islets per gram of pancreas before and after purification were significantly reduced if the hypothermic cold storage was > 16 hr. In vitro viability of isolated islets during @entity413 -stimulated perifusion showed a higher percentage of viable islets from pancreases with shorter durations of cold storage. For pancreases with > 16 hr of cold storage prior to islet isolation, islet viability was significantly reduced. We conclude that, with the current methods available to recover and store cadaver donor pancreases and the methods currently used to isolate @entity1 islets, yields of purified islets decline significantly from @entity1 pancreases that have been subjected to cold storage of > 16-18 hr.

title: XXXX pancreas preservation prior to islet isolation. Cold ischemic tolerance.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity8059 :: ('MESH:D004230', 'Chemical') :: ['dithizone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity407 ( @entity407 ) is emergent predictor of central lipid accumulation linked to @entity6 risk and @entity65 . In this study, our aims were (i) to assess the accuracy of the @entity407 for predicting @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in subjects without diagnosis of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity6 compared with other classical anthropometric parameters and (ii) to estimate the optimal @entity407 cut-off point to predict @entity209 in this population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with representative undiagnosed subjects aged 20-79 years (n  =  201; 37.8% @entity1 ), selected by simple random sampling. In this study, subjects without previous diagnosis of @entity65 and @entity6 , and those who did not make use of continuous medication were included. The independent variables were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and @entity407 . @entity209 was defined by American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI); International @entity6 Federation (IDF); and a harmonized criteria between AHA/NHLBI and IDF. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 was 78.9% and 69.6% for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. @entity407 showed better area under the curve (AUC) for @entity209 in three different criteria than those indexes based on body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio, even after adjusting for age and sex. In the harmonized criteria, the cut-off point of 34.2  cm.mmol/L for @entity407 showed the highest accuracy for @entity209 (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.61, positive likelihood ratio of 2.31 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: @entity407 is a simple and accurate predictor tool for @entity209 in undiagnosed adults. Moreover, it has significantly higher predictability than other screening tools commonly used to find subjects at risk of @entity65 and @entity6 development, with the best performance at the 34.2  cm.mmol/L cut-off point.

title: The lipid accumulation product is a powerful tool to predict XXXX in undiagnosed Brazilian adults.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Lipid accumulation product', 'LAP']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: CloQ is an aromatic prenyltransferase from the @entity23048 biosynthetic pathway of Streptomyces roseochromogenes var. oscitans. It is involved in the synthesis of the prenylated @entity23049 moiety of the antibiotic, specifically catalyzing the attachment of a @entity23050 moiety to @entity23051 . Herein, we report the crystal structure of CloQ and use it as a framework for interpreting biochemical data from both wild-type and variant proteins. CloQ belongs to the aromatic prenyltransferase family, which is characterized by an unusual core fold comprising five consecutive aabb elements that form a central 10-stranded anti-parallel b-barrel. The latter delineates a solvent-accessible cavity where substrates bind and catalysis takes place. This cavity has well-defined polar and nonpolar regions, which have distinct roles in substrate binding and facilitate a Friedel-Crafts-type mechanism. We propose that the juxtaposition of five positively charged residues in the polar region circumvents the necessity for a @entity1025 , which, by contrast, is a strict requirement for the majority of prenyltransferases characterized to date. Our structure of CloQ complexed with @entity23051 reveals the formation of a covalent link between the substrate and @entity2569 215 to yield a thiohemiketal species. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we show that this link is not essential for enzyme activity in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CloQ will accept alternative substrates and, therefore, has the capacity to generate a range of prenylated compounds. Since prenylation is thought to enhance the bioactivity of many natural products, CloQ offers considerable promise as a biocatalyst for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel compounds with therapeutic potential.

title: Structure and mechanism of the magnesium-independent aromatic prenyltransferase CloQ from the XXXX biosynthetic pathway.

entities_list: @entity23050 :: ('CHEBI:26248', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylallyl']

entities_list: @entity23051 :: ('MESH:C010590', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity23049 :: ('CHEBI:24675', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxybenzoate']

entities_list: @entity23048 :: ('MESH:C006260', 'Chemical') :: ['clorobiocin']

answer: @entity23048 :: (MESH:C006260,Chemical) :: ['clorobiocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Wrist injuries are a common presentation to emergency departments. A clinical pathway has recently been introduced in our institution for @entity1 with clinical suspicion of a @entity130 , using computed tomography (CT) at 2 weeks postinjury to rule out @entity174 . However, it is not known what happens to @entity1 who have a normal CT after such an injury. The aim of this pilot study was to assess disability after CT-negative @entity13316 . METHODS: A prospective questionnaire study was undertaken to assess disability in @entity1 who had a normal CT after clinical suspicion of a @entity174 , using the @entity1 Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaire. Adult @entity1 were recruited at their first emergency department clinic review, where a baseline questionnaire was completed. Follow-up questionnaires were sent 3, 6 and 12 months later. @entity158 and function were assessed on a 0-10 scale, giving a total score out of 100. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were initially recruited, of whom 72 had negative CT; 40 @entity1 completed follow-up. There was a statistically significant reduction in @entity158 and combined disability between baseline scores and 12-month follow-up. Overall, three (8%) @entity1 had severe disability ( @entity158 and function combined), and six (15%) had moderate disability at 12 months. CONCLUSION: The majority of these @entity1 recover from their injury, but a small proportion with normal CT scans have considerable disability 12 months after injury. Appropriate advice should be given to these @entity1 to enable them to access further investigation and treatment.

title: Outcome of XXXX with clinical suspicion of @entity130 after normal computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['scaphoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity13316 :: ('MESH:D014954', 'Disease') :: ['wrist injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain, functional deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scaphoid injury']

answer: @entity13316 :: (MESH:D014954,Disease) :: ['wrist injuries']


abstract: In a prospective screening study, the utility of the thickness of first-trimester simple @entity3609 in sonographic screening for fetal chromosomal aberrations was examined. A total of 3380 @entity1 , 1280 of whom were 35 years or over, and 2100 of whom were under 35 years, were screened by ultrasound at 9-12 weeks of gestation. The thickness of fetal nuchal simple @entity3609 was measured. @entity1 over 35 years of age underwent transabdominal @entity18565 ( @entity18565 ). In @entity1 under 35 years of age, @entity18565 was offered only if the thickness of @entity3609 was at least 3 mm, or in cases of parental @entity2008 . A total of 46 @entity2008 were detected, of which 43 (93.5%) showed simple @entity3609 . The incidence of first-trimester simple @entity3609 in pregnancies of @entity1 over 35 and under 35 years of age was 5.4% (69 cases) and 1.28% (27 cases), respectively, and the percentage of @entity2008 was 2.9% and 0.43%, respectively. The risks of @entity3769 and poor pregnancy outcome were increased at larger sizes of first-trimester simple @entity3609 . A sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 98.4% of the method were found. Using a measurement of first-trimester simple @entity3609 of > or = 3 mm to identify pregnancies at risk for @entity2008 at 9-12 weeks of pregnancy is a useful method for selection of @entity1 with high and low risk for @entity2007 .

title: First-trimester ultrasound screening for fetal @entity2007 in XXXX over 35 and under 35 years of age.

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['hygroma', 'nuchal hygroma']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3769 :: ('MESH:D014314', 'Disease') :: ['trisomies']

entities_list: @entity18565 :: ('MESH:C564876', 'Disease') :: ['CVS', 'chorionic villus sampling']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosomal anomalies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recessive @entity4240 is an incurable, often fatal mucocutaneous @entity4530 caused by mutations in @entity23172 , the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7). On the basis of preclinical data showing biochemical correction and prolonged survival in col7    /    @entity19 , we hypothesized that allogeneic marrow contains stem cells capable of ameliorating the manifestations of @entity4240 in @entity1 . METHODS: Between October 2007 and August 2009, we treated seven @entity1 who had @entity4240 with immunomyeloablative chemotherapy and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. We assessed C7 expression by means of immunofluorescence staining and used transmission electron microscopy to visualize anchoring fibrils. We measured chimerism by means of competitive polymerase-chain-reaction assay, and documented blister formation and wound healing with the use of digital photography. RESULTS: One @entity1 died of @entity296 before transplantation. Of the remaining six @entity1 , one had severe regimen-related cutaneous @entity137 , with all having improved wound healing and a reduction in blister formation between 30 and 130 days after transplantation. We observed increased C7 deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction in five of the six recipients, albeit without normalization of anchoring fibrils. Five recipients were alive 130 to 799 days after transplantation; one died at 183 days as a consequence of graft rejection and infection. The six recipients had substantial proportions of donor cells in the skin, and none had detectable anti-C7 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Increased C7 deposition and a sustained presence of donor cells were found in the skin of @entity1 with @entity4240 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term risks and benefits of such therapy in @entity1 with this disorder. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00478244.)

title: Bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blistering disease']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa', 'recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']

answer: @entity4240 :: (MESH:D016108,Disease) :: ['recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month treatment with @entity661 and @entity308 in @entity28 individuals with @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (aged 18-50  years) with @entity28 and @entity209 were selected for treatment with IGB for 6  months. Body composition was verified with dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and right after IGB removal. @entity148 / @entity308 symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADS) at baseline and after 6  months of treatment. RESULTS: In total, 39 @entity1 completed the study. After 6  months, there were significant decreases in weight (11.7      9.6  kg, p  <  0.0001) and waist circumference (9.3      8.2  cm, p  <  0.0001). Weight loss was also demonstrated by DXA and corresponded to decreases of 3.0      3.4% in body fat percentage, 7.53      7.62  kg in total body fat, and 3.70      4.89  kg in lean body mass (p  <  0.001 for all comparisons). @entity308 scores decreased by a mean of 4.57      10.6 points when assessed with the BDI (p  =  0.002) and 1.82      5.16 points when assessed with the @entity308 (p  =  0.0345). @entity148 symptoms scores decreased by a mean of 1.84      4.04 points when determined with the HADS- @entity148 (p  =  0.0066). The decrease in body fat percentage was the parameter that best correlated with improvements in @entity308 (p  =  0.008) and @entity148 (p  =  0.014). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity28 individuals with @entity209 , fat mass reduction was associated with short-term improvements in @entity308 . Trial Registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01598233.

title: Impact of a 6-month treatment with XXXX individuals with @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive/anxiety symptoms', 'depressive and anxiety symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive', 'Depressive symptoms', 'HADS-Depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['intragastric balloon (IGB) on body composition']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['intragastric balloon on body composition and psychopathological profile in obese']


abstract: 1. The present study used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to record from visually identified neurons surrounding the central canal in 300-microns transverse slices of lumbosacral spinal cord from 7- to 14-day-old @entity35 . Neurons in this location are implicated in rhythmical activity during locomotion. We assessed whether similarly located neurons could produce voltage oscillations by local perfusion of neuroactive substances known to initiate locomotor activity. 2. The sample population had mean values for cell resistance and membrane time constant of 1,020 @entity4780 and 61.5 ms, respectively. Three general categories of oscillatory behavior were observed; spontaneous @entity4365 in the absence of an applied agonist, @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced rhythmic @entity4365 in the presence of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ), and @entity143 -induced "unpatterned" @entity4365 in @entity4524 . 3. Three of 42 neurons exhibited spontaneous @entity4365 and one continued to oscillate in the presence of @entity4524 . In 34 other neurons, manual adjustments of membrane voltage in 10 mV increments between -60 and -20 mV failed to elicit voltage oscillations (in @entity4524 ). 4. Five of 42 neurons produced rhythmic @entity4365 in the presence of @entity4524 during applications of @entity143 (20-100 microM). Oscillation frequency ranged from 0.09 to 1.45 Hz. These neurons were located in a similar region, ventrolateral to the central canal. 5. Thirteen of 42 neurons underwent @entity143 -evoked "unpatterned" @entity4365 (in @entity4524 ) characterized by great variability in depolarized and baseline membrane potential durations. Three neurons produced single depolarizing phases only. Oscillation frequency ranged from 0.03 to 0.47 Hz. These neurons were located predominantly in the dorsal region surrounding the central canal with two others located just ventral to the canal. 6. @entity4365 demonstrated a dependence on voltage, applied agonist, and agonist concentration. Rhythmic and unpatterned oscillatory events typically arose from membrane voltages ranging from -70 to -55 mV with plateau peaks from -40 to -30 mV. Although @entity143 (20-100 microns) evoked voltage oscillations in neurons, @entity4176 (10-50 microns), @entity750 (10-200 microns), and @entity1063 (50-100 microns) failed to evoke voltage oscillations in all neurons tested, including those where @entity143 induced voltage oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX receptor-mediated voltage oscillations in neurons surrounding the central canal in slices of @entity35 spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['Low-frequency voltage oscillations', 'low-frequency voltage oscillations']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard treatment for advanced @entity135 . Whether short @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) provides additional benefit or, in particular, predictive benefit for the response to chemoradiotherapy is an open question. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility, @entity137 , and efficacy of induction with @entity1205 and @entity902 salt (TP) and subsequent CRT. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 25 @entity1 with functionally inoperable @entity5 of the base of the tongue, hypopharynx, or larynx received 1 cycle of @entity1205 (75 mg/m  , day 1) combined with either @entity900 (30 mg/m  , days 1-3; n = 23) or @entity3003 (AUC 1.5 days 1-3; n = 2). Responders (n = 22, >30% @entity5 reduction, graded by endoscopy) and 1 non-responder received CRT (target dose: 69-72 Gy) with @entity900 / @entity1311 , @entity3003 / @entity1311 , or @entity900 / @entity1205 . RESULTS: All @entity1 completed @entity7730 with acceptable @entity137 ( @entity1431 grade 4: 8%). The remission rate of the @entity5 was 88% (22/25 @entity1 ). There was no need to delay CRT due to @entity137 in any case. Each @entity1 received the full radiation dose. Of the @entity1 , 56% received >80% of the chemotherapy. The acute @entity137 of CRT was moderate, no grade 4 @entity137 occurred, while grade 3 @entity137 included the following: infection (39%), @entity1909 (13%), @entity1431 (30%), and @entity882 (4%). The local control rate was 84.6%    8.5% and the survival rate was 89.6%    7.2% at 12 months. Organ preservation was possible in 22/23 (95%) cases. CONCLUSION: Short induction with a TP regimen and subsequent CRT with a taxan is feasible and associated with an encouraging local control rate.

title: Feasibility, @entity137 , and efficacy of short XXXX of @entity1205 plus @entity900 or @entity3003 (TP) followed by concurrent chemoradio-therapy for organ preservation in advanced @entity5 of the hypopharynx, larynx, and base of tongue. Early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'induction chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['induction chemotherapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of the studies investigating the role of @entity4443 (LTs) and @entity2918 (PGs) in @entity565 have used invasive (eg, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) or semi-invasive (eg, sputum induction) techniques. Others have measured @entity1813 in plasma or urine, probably reflecting systemic rather than @entity55 . Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method to collect airway secretions. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate whether @entity1813 are measurable in EBC, to show possible differences in their concentrations in @entity748 @entity1 and healthy subjects, and to investigate whether exhaled @entity1813 correlate with exhaled @entity842 (NO), a marker of airway @entity32 . METHODS: Twelve healthy nonsmokers and 15 steroid-naive @entity1 with mild @entity565 were studied. Subjects attended on one occasion for pulmonary function tests, collection of EBC, and exhaled NO measurements. Exhaled LTB(4)-like immunoreactivity, LTE(4)-like immunoreactivity, @entity1421 -like immunoreactivity, PGD(2)- @entity9729 , @entity3774 (alpha)-like immunoreactivity, and @entity7489 -like immunoreactivity were measured by means of enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: LTE(4)-like immunoreactivity and LTB(4)-like immunoreactivity were detectable in EBC in healthy subjects, and their levels in @entity748 @entity1 were increased about 3-fold (P <.0001) and 2-fold (P <.0005), respectively. Exhaled NO was increased in @entity748 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects (P <.0001). There was a correlation between exhaled LTB(4) and exhaled NO (r = 0.56, P <.04) in @entity1 with @entity565 . When measurable, prostanoid levels were similar in @entity748 @entity1 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Exhaled LTE(4) and LTB(4) are increased in @entity134 -naive @entity1 with mild @entity565 . EBC may be proved to be a novel method to monitor airway @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: Exhaled @entity4443 and @entity2918 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9729 :: ('MESH:C005514', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxime']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B(2)']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIMS: A study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive as an alternative to suturing in management of pediatric lacerations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 7 @entity1 were evaluated and followed for 3-month. The wound was evaluated on 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative day for @entity4 , @entity281 , gaping and @entity158 and at 1(st) and 3(rd) postoperative month for scar evaluation. The evaluation was based on different superficial facial wound repairs (i.e., low @entity2701 ) with an average length <3 cm; and if the surgeon subjectively felt that subcuticular sutures were justified to reduce wound @entity2701 , then these were used. @entity21286 glue was applied over lacerated wound margins after cleaning the wound and holding together for 15 s by means of tissue holding forceps. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test after collection of data. Mean and standard error were estimated from the sample. RESULTS: The mean total time taken for skin closure was 1-2.5 min. There was no wound @entity281 in any of the cases; only one case showed wound dehiscence on 3rd postoperative day. The cosmetic was better as there were no suture marks. CONCLUSION: @entity21286 can be considered as excellent "no needle" alternative for closure of selected pediatric lacerations, those that are short, clean and under low @entity2701 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX tissue adhesive in management of pediatric lacerations: An alternative to suturing.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity21286 :: ('MESH:C043913', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate']

answer: @entity21286 :: (MESH:C043913,Chemical) :: ['isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate']


abstract: Chavele et al. studied the role of the @entity3913 receptor (MR) in crescentic @entity1310 . The accelerated nephrotoxic model of @entity631 was induced on both @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity11231 @entity19 . The @entity19 lacking the MR showed a markedly altered phenotype. They were largely protected against the development of @entity631 with less affected glomeruli, less @entity644 and much better renal function when compared to the @entity164 @entity19 . Whilst more infiltrating macrophages were present in the @entity164 animals, there was no difference in the deposition of @entity742 and @entity19 immunoglobulins. To elucidate the mechanism of MR-mediated damage, the authors additionally performed a series of in vitro experiments. They show that the Fab portion of @entity742 immunoglobulins binds to MR binding domains. Interestingly, the MR seems to interact with @entity6433 -mediated cellular reactions. When @entity11231 macrophages and mesangial cells were treated with immune complexes, the macrophages showed a significantly poorer @entity26 burst when compared with @entity164 cells. In line with this possible interaction between Fc-receptors and MR, co-localization of Fc  -receptors and MR was demonstrated on macrophages. Additionally, the authors observed that @entity11231 mesangial cells in culture proliferated more abundantly and showed a markedly increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis compared with @entity164 cells. These findings led the authors to test whether this increased apoptosis could play a role in the @entity8 . Indeed, @entity637 -   production by LPS-stimulated macrophages was markedly reduced in the presence or apoptotic cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic mesangial cells was increased when @entity11231 macrophages were used instead of @entity164 cells (Figure 1). Fig. 1 Proposed role for @entity3913 receptor in crescentic @entity631 . (A) IgG may bind to the Fc receptor with the Fc domain and to the @entity3913 receptor with the Fab portion leading to an increased @entity26 burst (left). If the @entity3913 receptor is absent, the @entity26 burst is decreased (right). (B) Absence of the @entity3913 receptor leads to an increased proliferation and apoptosis of mesangial cells. These apoptotic cells induce a non-inflammatory macrophage phenotype with @entity1618 and @entity641 production (right). If the @entity3913 receptor is present, mesangial cells proliferate less and are less apoptotic, and a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype with @entity637 production prevails.

title: Pattern recognition and renal defence in crescentic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of glomerular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11231 :: ('MESH:C563602', 'Disease') :: ['MR-deficient']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Association between casual and 24-h urinary @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ( @entity4024 / @entity3529 ) ratio is well recognized, although it has not been validated in diverse demographic groups. Our aim was to assess utility across and within populations of casual urine to estimate 24-h urinary @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio using data from the INTERSALT Study. METHODS: The INTERSALT Study collected cross-sectional standardized data on casual urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 and also on timed 24-h urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 for 10  065 individuals from 52 population samples in 32 countries (1985-87). Pearson correlation coefficients and agreement were computed for @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio of casual urine against 24-h urinary @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio both at population and individual levels. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients relating means of 24-h urine and casual urine @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio were r = 0.96 and r = 0.69 in analyses across populations and individuals, respectively. Correlations of casual urine @entity4024 / @entity1011 and @entity3529 / @entity1011 ratios with 24-h urinary @entity4024 and @entity3529 excretion, respectively, were lower than correlation of casual and 24-h urinary @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio in analyses across populations and individuals. The bias estimate with the Bland-Altman method, defined as the difference between @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio of 24-h urine and casual urine, was approximately 0.4 across both populations and individuals. Spread around, the mean bias was higher for individuals than populations. CONCLUSION: With appropriate bias correction, casual urine @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio may be a useful, low-burden alternative method to 24-h urine for estimation of population urinary @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio. It may also be applicable for assessment of the urinary @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio of individuals, with use of repeated measurements to reduce measurement error and increase precision.

title: Estimating 24-h urinary XXXX / @entity972 ratio from casual ('spot') urinary @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio: the INTERSALT Study.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Goal-directed movements, such as punching and pointing, need preprogramming of postural support and visual control. These processes are recorded in @entity1 by EEG, EMG, oculogram, and a platform. The earliest cerebral correlate of @entity2045 is the Bereitschaftspotential (readiness potential) or, after a trigger signal, the expectancy wave ( @entity471 ). These bilateral negative potential shifts increase to a Zielbewegungspotential (aiming potential) when a goal-directed movement is made, and end with a positive shift, when the goal is reached. During these cerebral potentials an attentive eye saccade is directed towards the target and an ordered sequence of bilateral muscle activations follows. This coordinated motor activity in trunk and leg muscles corresponds to a readiness innervation that prepares body posture and balance. It precedes the final aimed movement of the arm towards the target and postural adjustments such as the compensation of body and @entity717 by the vestibular-ocular reflex. The temporal order of the cerebral, oculomotor and muscular events is schematized for punching and pointing movements in a figure. The limits of conscious control and the necessity of automatized learning for @entity717 under visual control are discussed. Some speculations are made about a possible origin of slow potential shifts by surface negative dipoles in columnar modules of the parasagittal cortex during the programming and monitoring of aimed motion.

title: Postural support of goal-directed movements: the preparation and guidance of @entity2045 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary skilled movement', 'head rotation']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary action']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An infective, mostly viral basis has been found in different @entity1 @entity5 . To test the hypothesis of a possible @entity1221 in @entity1 , we investigated the associations with proxy measures of exposure to @entity166 . METHODS: In a large case-control study nested in the populations of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland of 4.4 million @entity1 , we studied the association of birth order and seasonal variation of birth with subsequent risk for CNS @entity5 . We identified 3983 @entity1 from the national @entity5 registries, and information on exposure was obtained from the high-quality national administrative health registries. We investigated the association between childcare attendance during the first 2 years of life and the risk for CNS @entity5 in a subset of Danish @entity1 with CNS @entity5 , using information from the Danish Childcare database. RESULTS: We observed no association between birth order and risk of CNS @entity5 overall (odds ratio (OR) for second born or later born vs first born, 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.10) or by histological subgroup, and @entity1 with CNS @entity5 did not show a seasonal variation of birth that was distinct from that of the background population. Childcare attendance compared with homecare showed a slightly increased OR (1.29; 95% CI, 0.90-1.86) for CNS @entity5 , with the highest risk observed in @entity1 attending a cr  che. The strongest association was observed for @entity1221 . We found no effect of age at enrolment or duration of enrolment in childcare. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that the burden of exposure to @entity166 in early childhood has an important role in the aetiology of @entity1221 .

title: Infectious exposure in the first years of life and risk of XXXX in @entity1 : analysis of birth order, childcare attendance and seasonality of birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric CNS tumours', 'embryonal CNS tumours', 'infectious aetiology for central nervous system (CNS) tumours']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity1221 :: (MESH:D016543,Disease) :: ['central nervous system tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the internal validity of a diagnostic protocol developed to facilitate the identification of @entity1 with @entity1004 ( @entity1004 )-related @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study design, we enrolled a sample of female subjects presenting to the emergency department for treatment of @entity130 with non-verifiable etiologies. The study sample was divided randomly into index and validation sets. The index set was used to develop the diagnostic protocol, and the validation set was used to assess the protocol's internal validity. The predictor study variable was risk for @entity130 ( @entity16111 , high or low). The outcome variable was self-report of injury etiology ( @entity1004 or other etiology). Appropriate univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were computed, including estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and relative risk. Goodness of fit of the diagnostic protocol was estimated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. For all analyses, P < or = .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The index and validation samples were composed of 200 and 100 @entity1 , respectively. In the index sample, subjects categorized at high risk of @entity130 were statistically associated with an increased risk for self-report of @entity130 (relative risk, 25.2; 95% confidence interval, 10.6-59.5 [P < .05]; sensitivity, 90.2%; specificity, 96.4%; positive predictive value, 90.1%; negative predictive value, 96.4%). The agreement between the predicted and actual observations showed excellent agreement in the index and validation samples (P = .999, Hosmer-Lemeshow chi(2)). CONCLUSION: The proposed diagnostic protocol effectively stratifies risk for @entity130 with good internal validity.

title: Validation of a diagnostic protocol used to identify XXXX in the emergency department setting.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['IPV-related injury', 'injuries', 'IPV-related injuries']

answer: @entity1004 :: (MESH:C563733,Disease) :: ['intimate partner violence']


abstract: To evaluate further the action of epidermal growth factor - @entity12214 (EGF-URO) in smooth muscle systems, we examined the effect of the peptide on @entity840 tracheal strips. The cumulative addition of EGF-URO to the organ bath resulted in a concentration-dependent tonic contraction without tachyphylaxis. The half-maximal contraction was obtained at 13 +/- 3 ng/mL EGF-URO (2 nM). The maximum contraction at 100 ng/mL approached 60% of that induced by 1 microM @entity112 . No significant difference in the EGF-URO-induced contraction was observed in the presence or absence of a functional epithelium. Preincubation with 1 microM @entity3352 for 20 min abolished the action of EGF-URO. The contractile effect of EGF-URO was not affected by @entity3160 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity1022 , and @entity3642 . However, @entity3543 caused inhibition by 37 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM for n = 3). @entity1855 (10 microM) inhibited the EGF-induced response by 62 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM for n = 4); the response was also absent in Ca-free (1 mM @entity4527 ) buffer. However, the response was restored after the readdition of @entity460 . Our results suggest that EGF-URO can modulate tracheal smooth muscle contractility via a cyclooxygenase product and raise the possibility that EGF-URO might play a role in controlling pulmonary smooth muscle tone in vivo.

title: Contraction of XXXX trachea by epidermal growth factor--urogastrone.

entities_list: @entity12214 :: ('MESH:D004815', 'Chemical') :: ['urogastrone']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3642 :: ('MESH:C007628', 'Chemical') :: ['esculetin']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells (uMSCs), owing to their cellular and procurement advantages, are in clinical trials to treat type 1 (T1D) and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Yet the therapeutic basis remains to be fully understood. The immunomodulatory property of uMSCs may explain the use in treating T1D, however the mere immune modulation may not be sufficient to support the use in @entity2175 . We thus tested whether uMSCs could exert direct trophic effects on b-cells. Infusion of uMSCs into chemically induced @entity6 @entity35 prevented @entity1602 progression with a parallel preservation of islet size and cellularity, demonstrating the protective effect of uMSCs on b-cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that uMSCs engrafted long-term in the injured pancreas and the engraftment markedly activated the pancreatic PI3K pathway and its downstream anti-apoptotic machinery. The pro-survival pathway activation was associated with the expression and secretion of b-cell growth factors by uMSCs, among which @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) was highly abundant. To establish the causal relationship between the uMSC-secreted factors and b-cell survival, isolated @entity35 islets were co-cultured with uMSCs in the transwell system. Co-culturing improved the islet viability and insulin secretion. Furthermore, reduction of uMSC-secreted @entity2135 via the siRNA knockdown diminished the protective effects on islets in the co-culture. Thus, our data support a model whereby uMSCs exert trophic effects on islets by secreting b-cell growth factors such as @entity2135 . The study reveals the new therapeutic role of uMSCs and suggests that multiple mechanisms may be employed by uMSCs to treat @entity6 .

title: @entity1 umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells exert trophic effects on b-cell survival in @entity6 XXXX and isolated islets.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF1', 'insulin-like growth factor 1']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Herein we report on the results of 171 out of 214 @entity1 with @entity8 . In 127 cases diameter of cyst being less than < 6 cm, was monitored repeating renal ultrasound every 6 months: 78 @entity1 underwent pecutaneous cyst echoguided puncture, while 9 @entity1 were treated as follows: 4 by open surgery, 3 by laparoscopy and 2 by percutaneous treatment in general anaesthesia. Cysts are classified in 4 types and therapy is different according to Bosniak's classification. When the cyst is less than 6 cm in diameter and symptomatology is absent, we follow the @entity1 up with yearly ultrasound. In our experience cyst sclerotization is carried out by injecting either @entity1068 or Trombovar or 50% @entity413 in water alone or associated with 2% @entity5324 . The best results are obtained from the use of @entity1068 (30% of the volume of cyst). However some relapses are encountered after this kind of procedure. In these cases it is helpful to examine the cystic wall because of the presence of intracystic septa. Percutaneous treatment by means nephroscopy permits to visualize the cystic wall but it is not able to perform a biopsy of its wall. Laparoscopic treatment is performed by inserting 5 trocars with the @entity1 under general anaesthesia. This technique is able to localize and biopsy the cystic wall without causing side-effects or complications. Open surgery was performed only in 4 @entity1 affected with hidatid cyst. At present echoguided cyst puncture permits to approach the renal not complicated cysts, while laparoscopy constitutes a safe treatment in the case of benign recurrent and complicated cysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Role of echography in the diagnostic-therapeutic management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['Aethoxysclerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: Intraarterial thrombolysis for @entity1504 has achieved recanalization at a 50-90% rate. Clinical outcome has been unpredictable. The authors sought to test the hypothesis that intrathrombus administration of recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) would improve recanalization rate and to assess the possibility that clinical outcome would be predicted by the extent of collateral flow. Seven @entity1 with @entity1504 (less than six hours in 6, twenty-four hours in 1) were treated with intrathrombus rt-PA at 1 mg/minute. Examinations were scored on a five-point motor scale. Collateral flow was assessed angiographically. Vessels recanalized in 5 @entity1 , 3 of whom had good outcomes. Vessels failed to recanalize in 2 @entity1 , 1 of whom had good outcome. Good collateral flow was evident in all 4 @entity1 with good outcome and in none of those with poor outcome. Intrathrombus administration of rt-PA is technically feasible. Favorable clinical outcome is more likely in the presence of good collateral flow. In the absence of good collateral flow, ultra-early intervention may be necessary.

title: Intrathrombus administration of @entity1456 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular occlusion']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['acute cerebrovascular occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aromatase inhibitor-associated @entity4841 (AIAA) is a common and often debilitating symptom in @entity0 survivors. Since joint symptoms have been related to @entity172 deprivation through the menopausal transition, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in @entity4819 , the final enzyme in @entity172 synthesis, may be associated with the occurrence of AIAA. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal @entity1 with stage 0 to III @entity0 receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. @entity1 -reported AIAA was the primary outcome. DNA was genotyped for candidate @entity4819 polymorphisms. Serum @entity172 levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations between AIAA and genetic variants controlling for possible confounders. RESULTS: Among 390 Caucasian @entity1 , 50.8% reported AIAA. @entity1 carrying at least one 8-repeat allele had lower odds of AIAA (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 0.79, P = 0.008) after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. @entity53 and @entity1815 were detectable in 47% and 86% of subjects on AIs, respectively. Although these post-AI levels were associated with multiple genotypes, they were not associated with AIAA. In multivariate analyses, @entity1 with more recent transition into menopause (less than five years) were significantly more likely to report AIAA than those greater than ten years post-menopause (AOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.72 to 6.39, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Functional polymorphism in @entity4819 and time since menopause are associated with @entity1 -reported AIAA, supporting the hypothesis that the host hormonal environment contributes to the pathophysiology of AAIA. Prospective investigation is needed to further delineate relationships between host genetics, changing @entity172 levels and AIAA.

title: Association of functional polymorphisms in @entity4819 with aromatase inhibitor associated XXXX in @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity4841 :: (MESH:D018771,Disease) :: ['arthralgia']


abstract: Liver is uniquely capable to repair itself after injury. Multiple molecular and biochemical processes initiated after partial hepatectomy, lead to proliferation of all cells within the liver. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly abundant non-coding RNA molecules that cause post-transcriptional gene repression and are involved in several biological processes including cell cycle regulation and differentiation. In this study, we examined the expression levels of miRNAs in liver tissue received from control @entity19 (L0) and compared them with the corresponding levels in liver tissue 12 h after @entity409 induced by 2/3 partial hepatectomy (L12). MiRNA expression was investigated using microRNA profiling. Further qPCR analysis was used for validation of the differentially expressed miRNAs at an early stage of @entity409 , induced by 2/3 partial hepatectomy. TargetScan and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed in order to identify the possible miRNA target genes and their ontology, respectively. A subset of miRNAs was found to be differentially expressed during @entity409 . @entity766 and @entity767 * showed the higher levels of up-regulation in liver tissue from the hepatectomized @entity19 at the end of the experiment (L12) compared to the sham operated @entity19 (L0). @entity766 up-regulation was further confirmed by qPCR. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that @entity766 exhibited the higher levels of expression at 12 h post hepatectomy. On the contrary, @entity768 *, @entity769 , @entity770 , @entity770 , @entity771 , mmu-miR-582-3p and mmu-miR-290-5p exhibited <0.5 down-regulation in liver tissue after partial hepatectomy in L12 vs. L0 @entity19 . The results from microarray and qPCR analyses were in good agreement. In conclusion, our results provide important information regarding the differentially expressed miRNAs in @entity19 liver tissue before and after partial hepatectomy. The early up-regulation of @entity766 during the process of @entity409 suggests a regulatory role in @entity409 in  vivo.

title: MicroRNA profiling in XXXX liver after partial hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity370 is known as a disease with high heterogeneity in clinical severity and inflammatory activity. On the basis of radiologic criteria, John Guyette Scadding developed a classification system, which is widely used, but is insufficient for clinical decision making. Therefore, biomarkers and genetic markers that predict outcome are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: To obtain a classification system based on clinical criteria to evaluate biomarker and genetic markers. METHODS: We developed a protocol for classification of various disease courses (sarcoid clinical activity classification [SCAC]) based on clinical criteria with three categories: (1) whether the disease was acute or nonacute in onset, (2) whether treatment was required, and (3) whether there was need for long-term treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In total, we evaluated 225 @entity1 with @entity370 , applying both classification protocols retrospectively. The described SCAC protocol based on clinical criteria was retrospectively able to stratify @entity1 according to disease outcome. The classes of @entity1 with @entity102 differed significantly regarding pulmonary function test parameters and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell composition. Most interestingly, concentrations of soluble @entity3647 and neopterin were particularly increased in @entity1 with @entity697 who required long-term treatment. A moderate but significant increase in soluble @entity3647 and neopterin was also observed in @entity1 with nonacute disease who needed long-term treatment. In contrast to the clinical classification system, the system based on radiologic criteria separated the @entity1 with the need for long-term therapy insufficiently, but identified @entity1 with advanced @entity5707 . CONCLUSIONS: The described SCAC protocol is practicable and gives additional information not yet acquired by radiologic typing and seems suitable for studies evaluating genetic influence and biomarkers.

title: Phenotyping XXXX from a pulmonary perspective.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic remodeling']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: @entity4757 , a neurotransmitter found in colonic mucosa, can alter gut immunologic, vascular, and motor phenomena. Thus, it may have an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ). By radioimmunoassay of the extracts of endoscopically obtained rectal mucosal biopsies in affected @entity1 , we evaluated mucosal @entity4757 levels. @entity29 @entity1 undergoing lower endoscopies and biopsies served as controls. There were significantly increased concentrations of @entity4757 in @entity1 with @entity31 , compared with controls (p < 0.05) and compared with @entity1 with @entity30 (p < 0.005). The mucosal levels in @entity30 @entity1 were significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). @entity1 with active rectal @entity30 had lower levels than @entity1 with no evidence of active @entity5584 . For the @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 , there was a strongly positive correlation between rectal mucosal @entity4757 concentrations and total histologic inflammation scores (r = 0.7, p = 0.001). A strong correlation existed for rectal mucosal @entity4757 concentrations and mucosal mononuclear cell scores (r = 0.7, p = 0.001) and for rectal mucosal @entity4757 concentrations and the combined scores of mucosal neutrophils and eosinophils (r = 0.7, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the rectal mucosal @entity4757 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity30 are significantly different. Thus, @entity4757 may have a different role in the pathogenesis of each of these entities. It is possible that the elevated concentrations in @entity1 with @entity31 are contributing to the @entity32 seen in these @entity1 . Alternatively, measured mucosal @entity4757 levels may simply reflect the end result of the different inflammatory processes in @entity31 and @entity30 , rather than the cause. It is possible that the inflammatory cells are contributing to the measured concentrations.

title: Rectal @entity4757 concentrations are increased in XXXX but not in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Non-inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal disease']

entities_list: @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P', 'Substance P']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the accuracy and inter-observer variation of bowel sound assessment in @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1744 . METHODS: Bowel sounds were recorded in @entity1 with suspected @entity1744 using a Littmann(  ) Electronic Stethoscope. The recordings were processed to yield 25-s sound sequences in random order on PCs. Observers, recruited from doctors within the department, classified the sound sequences as either normal or pathological. The reference tests for @entity1744 were intraoperative and endoscopic findings and clinical follow up. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each observer and compared between junior and senior doctors. Interobserver variation was measured using the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: Bowel sound sequences from 98 @entity1 were assessed by 53 (33 junior and 20 senior) doctors. Laparotomy was performed in 47 @entity1 , 35 of whom had @entity1744 . Two @entity1 underwent colorectal stenting due to @entity1744 . The median sensitivity and specificity was 0.42 (range: 0.19-0.64) and 0.78 (range: 0.35-0.98), respectively. There was no significant difference in accuracy between junior and senior doctors. The median frequency with which doctors classified bowel sounds as abnormal did not differ significantly between @entity1 with and without @entity1744 (26% vs 23%, P = 0.08). The 53 doctors made up 1378 unique pairs and the median Kappa value was 0.29 (range: -0.15-0.66). CONCLUSION: Accuracy and inter-observer agreement was generally low. Clinical decisions in @entity1 with possible @entity1744 should not be based on auscultatory assessment of bowel sounds.

title: Accuracy of abdominal auscultation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'large bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['bowel obstruction']


abstract: This study assessed the effect of 3 lipid-lowering therapies on the reduction of the carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in high-risk coronary Mexican @entity1 . The study was a randomized, comparative, and open clinical trial. Ninety high-risk coronary @entity1 were allocated to 3 groups: @entity8673 40 mg, @entity3413 40 mg, and @entity3413 20 mg and @entity3709 10 mg initially. If the therapeutic goals were not attained (<100 mg/dL of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 [LDL-C] for type C and <70 mg for type D), @entity1 in group 1 received @entity8673 40 mg and @entity3709 10 mg, group 2 received @entity3413 80 mg, and group 3 received @entity3413 40 mg and @entity3709 10 mg. The primary endpoint was the change of @entity121 over the course of 1 year. The secondary endpoints were changes in LDL-C and in high sensitive @entity1851 (CRPhs). The overall baseline IMTs generated by combining measurements in the internal carotid artery were 1.33+/-0.32 mm, 1.30+/-0.11 mm, and 1.23+/-0.28 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 1 year, @entity121 values were 0.93+/-0.13 mm, 0.90+/-0.11 mm, and 0.92+/-0.01 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At the end of the study, LDL-C levels were 48+/-41, 45+/-37, and 48+/-31 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No significant differences were observed in CRP, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , blood pressure, and body mass index, among the groups. This study is one of the first providing evidence that dual therapy has a beneficial effect on a surrogate marker of @entity731 .

title: The VYtorin on Carotid XXXX and overall arterial rigidity (VYCTOR) study.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: To determine spontaneous 24-h patterns of growth hormone (GH) plasma levels in unsedated and unrestrained nonhuman primates, a jacket and tethering system were used to study six @entity5434 . Hourly blood samples were collected, and body temperatures were recorded over 24-h periods. Measurements of GH were made on all samples. In one 24-h study @entity701 levels were also measured as well to document a normal circadian rhythm. GH was released at mean intervals of 4.5 +/- 0.47 h (mean +/- SE) over the 24-h studies. There were no day-to-night differences in either the mean interval of GH release (day, 4.6 +/- 0.66 h; night, 4.4 +/- 0.51) or the mean GH values (day, 9.8 +/- 1.7 mU/l; night, 7.9 +/- 0.8). An apparent midday peak in GH in the 24-h studies followed feeding. As expected, body temperature was higher during the day than night, documenting a normal circadian rhythm. Plasma @entity701 also showed a normal circadian variation with a low point midday and a progressive rise during the night in the one 24-h cycle in which it was measured. GH in unsedated, unrestrained @entity5434 was released in 4- to 5-h cycles both day and night without increased nighttime release. This contrasts sharply with the known nocturnal sleep release of GH seen in @entity1 .

title: Lack of enhanced nocturnal growth hormone release in tethered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The construction of genetic linkage maps in free-living populations is a promising tool for the study of evolution. However, such maps are rare because it is difficult to develop both wild pedigrees and corresponding sets of molecular markers that are sufficiently large. We took advantage of two long-term field studies of pedigreed individuals and genomic resources originally developed for @entity742 ( @entity742 ) to construct a linkage map for @entity8354 , @entity8354 . We then assessed variability in genomic structure and recombination rates between @entity8354 populations and @entity742 species. RESULTS: @entity8354 population-specific maps differed slightly in contiguity but were otherwise very similar in terms of genomic structure and recombination rates. The joint analysis of the two pedigrees resulted in a highly contiguous map composed of 247 microsatellite markers distributed along all 26 autosomes and the X chromosome. The map is estimated to cover about 84% of the @entity8354 genome and contains 240 unique positions spanning a sex-averaged distance of 3051 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 14.3 cM. Marker synteny, order, sex-averaged interval lengths and sex-averaged total map lengths were all very similar between @entity742 species. However, in contrast to @entity742 , but consistent with the usual pattern for a placental @entity1 , recombination rates in @entity8354 were significantly greater in females than in males (~12% difference), resulting in an autosomal female map of 3166 cM and an autosomal male map of 2831 cM. Despite differing genome-wide patterns of heterochiasmy between the @entity742 species, sexual dimorphism in recombination rates was correlated between orthologous intervals. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a first-generation @entity8354 linkage map that will facilitate future studies of the genetic architecture of trait variation in this species. While domestication has been hypothesized to be responsible for the elevated mean recombination rate observed in @entity742 , our results suggest that it is a characteristic of Ovis species. However, domestication may have played a role in altering patterns of heterochiasmy. Finally, we found that interval-specific patterns of sexual dimorphism were preserved among closely related Ovis species, possibly due to the conserved position of these intervals relative to the centromeres and telomeres. This study exemplifies how transferring genomic resources from domesticated species to close wild relative can benefit evolutionary ecologists while providing insights into the evolution of genomic structure and recombination rates of domesticated species.

title: Genetic linkage map of a wild genome: genomic structure, recombination and sexual dimorphism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8354 :: ('37174', 'Species') :: ['Ovis canadensis', 'Bighorn sheep', 'bighorn sheep']

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep', 'Ovis aries', 'domestic sheep']

answer: @entity8354 :: (37174,Species) :: ['bighorn sheep']


abstract: In China, approximately 30,000 babies are born with @entity393 each year. However, the molecular factors causing @entity393 in the Xiamen area of Fujian province have not been evaluated. To provide accurate genetic testing and counseling in the Xiamen area, we investigated the molecular etiology of @entity2319 in a deaf population from Xiamen. Unrelated students with @entity393 (n = 155) who attended Xiamen Special Education School in Fujian Province were recruited for this study. Three common @entity2319 -related genes, @entity3492 , @entity6361 , and mtDNA12SrRNA, were analyzed using all-exon sequencing. @entity3492 mutations were detected in 27.1% (42/155) of the entire cohort. The @entity3491 ( @entity3491 ) hotspot mutations @entity19225 ( @entity4705 ) and @entity6365 were found in this population, whereas the Caucasian hotspot mutation @entity4701 was not. The allelic frequency of the @entity19225 mutation was 9.03% (28/310), slightly higher than that of @entity6365 (8.39%, 26/310), which is the most common @entity3492 mutation in most areas of China. The allelic frequency of the @entity19225 mutation was significantly higher in this Xiamen's deaf population than that in previously reported cohorts (P = 0.00). The @entity6361 mutations were found in 16.77% (26/155) of this cohort. The most common pathogenic allele was @entity19226 (6.13%, 19/310), and the second most common was the @entity19227 ( @entity19228 ) mutation (1.94%, 6/310) which has rarely been reported as a hotspot mutation in other studies. The mutation rate of mtDNA12SrRNA in this group was 3.87% (6/155), all being the @entity19229 mutation. These findings show the specificity of the common deaf gene-mutation spectrum in this area. According to this study, there were specific hotspot mutations in Xiamen deaf @entity1 . Comprehensive sequencing analysis of the three common deaf genes can help portray the mutation spectrum and develop optimal testing strategies for deaf @entity1 in this area.

title: Mutation Spectrum of Common Deafness-Causing Genes in @entity1 with XXXX in the Xiamen Area, China.

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic hearing loss', 'NSHL']

entities_list: @entity4705 :: ('p|SUB|V|37|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.V37I']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'non-syndromic deafness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hearing impairment', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['Non-Syndromic Deafness']


abstract: @entity10108 in @entity1 is an international concern. Health effects vary according to a @entity1 's blood lead level. Historically, the problem of @entity10108 in Russia had been defined by analysis of hair samples. In Saratov, Russia, during the spring of 1996, the authors conducted the first evaluation of blood lead levels among Russian @entity1 . The mean blood lead level of 579 samples analyzed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was 7.7   g/dL (range 3.0 to 35.7   g/dL). The sensitivity of hair analysis in identifying blood lead levels above 10   g/dL was 50%. Most of the environmental samples evaluated (including water, dust, paint, and soil) were within acceptable U.S. remediation standards. Almost one-fourth of the Russian @entity1 evaluated during this site-specific investigation had blood lead levels capable of causing adverse health effects in @entity1 . Hair analysis is not an adequate method for identifying these @entity1 . Additional investigations in other Russian cities are necessary in order to determine the extent of @entity10108 in Russia's @entity1 .

title: Childhood XXXX in Russia: A Site-specific Pediatric Blood Lead Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning', 'Lead poisoning']

answer: @entity10108 :: (MESH:D007855,Disease) :: ['Lead Poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity2401 continues to be a challenging task in clinical practice. The purpose of our study was to investigate cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic workup of ambulatory @entity1 with the suspicion of @entity2401 after @entity1729 . The need for accurate diagnosis of @entity2401 arises from the low diagnostic accuracy of routine clinical tests. METHODS: We examined 67 consecutive @entity1 with symptoms of @entity425 , palpitations, and @entity1295 after @entity1729 . We compared these @entity1 to 31 controls. ECG-triggered, T2-weighted, fast-spin-echo triple inversion recovery sequences and delayed enhancement imaging were obtained in all @entity1 , as well as functional parameters of left ventricular function and dimensions. In addition, in 25 @entity1 and 10 controls, ECG-triggered, T1-weighted, multi-slice spin-echo images were obtained in axial orientation. RESULTS: We found a significant difference between @entity1 with suspected @entity2401 and controls in T2-global myocardial signal intensity. In addition, the ratio of global myocardial signal intensity/muscle signal intensity was 2.3    0.4 in @entity1 and 1.8    0.3 in controls, which was highly significant (p < 0.001). In 23 @entity1 , a pathological late enhancement pattern was seen, but only in one of the controls. There was no significant difference in T1-signal parameters. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique is able to detect early @entity296 after @entity1729 .

title: Diagnosis of @entity2401 after XXXX : insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infection', 'respiratory or gastrointestinal tract viral infection']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['early myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory or gastrointestinal tract viral infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the percentage of endothelial cell damage induced during a surgical technique of Descemet's membrane separation containing healthy endothelium, analyze the viability and efficacy of this technique, and evaluate the percentage of endothelial cell damage caused by inversion of the @entity267 on an artificial anterior chamber. METHODS: The corneas from three groups of 12 @entity95 were evaluated. The Group one was used as the control, so the corneas were analyzed after collected and trephinated. The Group two was analyzed after inversion of the @entity267 (endothelial side up at a convex shape) mounted on an artificial anterior chamber to calculate the percentage of endothelial cell damage caused by this inversion. The Group three was evaluated after the separation between the Descemet's membrane and the stroma using viscoelastic substance in corneas inverted and mounted on an artificial anterior chamber. The endothelial cell damage was analyzed by digital photographs taken under a microscope after staining the endothelium with @entity622 red. Group three samples were processed for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: The Group three (viscoelastic separation) showed an index of endothelial cell damage of 10.06%, the Group two showed an index of 3.58% and the control group an index of 0.18% of endothelial cell damage (p<0.05). Histological evaluation of the Group three corneas revealed that approximately a 120 microm thickness of stroma remained attached to the Descemet's membrane. CONCLUSION: This technique should be better investigated because it is a viable and efficient alternative of Descemet's membrane separation for endothelial cells transplantation, since the percentage of induced cell damage is 10.06%. The percentage of endothelial cell damage caused by inversion of the @entity267 on an artificial anterior chamber was 3.58%.

title: [Technique for separating Descemet membrane for corneal endothelial cells transplantation: experimental study in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: CONTEXT: One of @entity510 complication is @entity16 ( @entity16 ). It is postulated that @entity701 dynamics might be associated with the severity of this complication. AIMS: The goal of the study is to investigate whether the peak of morning serum @entity701 levels are associated with the severity of its complication during the course of the disease. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study conducted from January 2009 to June 2011, at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study follows a consecutive cohort of @entity1 for 14 days after the @entity510 . Serum cortisols, @entity701 binding globulin, adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were measured pre operatively and then on post operative days (POD) 2, 4, 7, and 10. Blood was drawn to coincide with peak @entity701 levels between 08.00-09.00 hours. Neurological examinations were conducted at least twice daily and @entity1 outcome were graded according to modified Ranklin Scale. @entity16 was defined by a decrease in the Glasgow @entity772 Scale of two or more points compared to the status on @entity773 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: All the results were analyzed using statistical software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v61; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the relationship between the variables. RESULTS: Thirty six consecutive @entity1 are collected, but only 28 @entity1 (12 M and 16 F) were eligible for the cohort analysis. Average @entity1 age is 50.75 years old (50.75  12.27), and more than 50% (15/28) arrived with World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons grade 3 or better. Elevated total @entity701 levels of more than 24 mg/dl on day 2, 4, and 10 were associated with @entity16 , and the most significant being on day 4 (P=0.011). These @entity1 also had a higher grade on the modified Ranklin scale of disability. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the elevated levels of morning total @entity701 in the serum are associated with the onset of @entity16 during the disease course, and it's also associated with bad outcomes.

title: The association between @entity701 dynamics and the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['DIND', 'delayed ischemic neurological deficits']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: In a population survey of 162 rural and 152 urban subjects aged 26-65 years at Moradabad, the findings are compared with existing data on Indian immigrants to Britain and United States. In comparison with rural subjects, urban subjects had a higher prevalence of @entity453 (8.6 vs. 3.0%) and @entity6 (7.9 vs 2.5%), higher blood pressures, total and low density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 and postprandial 2-h blood @entity413 and plasma @entity2690 similar to observations made in UK in immigrants compared to Europeans. Fasting plasma @entity2690 and high density lipoprotein @entity165 levels in urban subjects were comparable with rural subjects. Mean body weights were significantly higher in urban @entity1 , but not in @entity1 , than in rural subjects. However the body mass index (22.9 +/- 4.2 vs. 21.6 +/- 2.4 kg/m2) and waist-hip girth ratio (0.89 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.07) were significantly higher in urban @entity1 compared to rural @entity1 without such differences in @entity1 . Underlying these differences in risk factors, urban subjects had three times better socioeconomic status than rural subjects and were eating higher total and saturated fat, @entity165 and refined @entity3363 and lower total and complex @entity3363 compared to rural @entity1 and @entity1 . Energy expenditure during routine and spare time physical activity was significantly higher in rural compared to urban subjects. Those @entity1 who had risk factors, showed lesser physical activity and had greater adverse factors in the diet compared to subjects without risk factors. Body mass index and waist-hip girth ratio in @entity1 with risk factors were significantly higher than in subjects without risk factors. The findings suggest that decreased consumption of total and saturated fat and increased physical activity may be useful for prevention of @entity453 among urbans as well as in immigrants.

title: Epidemiologic study of diet and coronary risk factors in relation to central obesity and XXXX levels in rural and urban populations of north India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the morphologic patterns of angiographic @entity1103 using simultaneous colocalization of @entity941 angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD- @entity6653 ) images in @entity6 , epiretinal membrane, uveitic and pseudophakic @entity1103 , and @entity2994 . METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive @entity1 (107 eyes) with @entity1103 from 5 different etiologies were imaged by simultaneous scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/ @entity6653 to study the morphologic patterns of @entity4 on SD- @entity6653 and then correlated/colocalized with the @entity941 angiographic patterns of leakage. Statistical analysis was done to analyze the differences in the morphologic @entity6653 pattern by different diseases. RESULTS: Spectral-domain @entity6653 characteristics of @entity1103 showed a significant difference across different diseases (P = 0.037). Cystic fluid pockets were found to be more commonly seen in @entity1 with @entity1103 and @entity2994 , whereas those cases with @entity1103 secondary to epiretinal membrane showed noncystic changes on @entity6653 . Seventy of the 107 eyes had diffuse angiographic leakage, and the remaining 37 eyes had @entity2680 on angiography. Of the 70 eyes with diffuse leakage, 24.28% showed microcysts on SD- @entity6653 in the area of @entity4 , and 70% eyes had diffuse thickening or distorted architecture without @entity45 . All 37 eyes with @entity2680 showed cysts in the area of @entity4 by SD- @entity6653 . A total of 3.73% of eyes with @entity941 angiographic leakage had no abnormalities on SD- @entity6653 . CONCLUSION: Eyes with @entity1103 and @entity2994 have a significantly higher incidence of @entity45 formation on SD- @entity6653 . There was no correlation between visual acuity and @entity45 formation. Diffuse noncystoid angiographic @entity1103 may show microcysts on SD- @entity6653 , but diffuse @entity4 is more commonly associated with thickening or distortion of the retinal layers without @entity45 formation. Cystoid leakage on @entity941 angiography is always associated with cystic changes on SD- @entity6653 .

title: Correlation between morphologic features on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and angiographic leakage patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid leakage']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema', 'cystoid macular edema', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: SUMMARY: @entity1 in the observational study of the @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) were studied to determine if ethnic differences in femur geometry can help to explain differences in hip @entity174 rates. Structural differences in femurs of African and @entity10535 @entity1 appear to be consistent with lower rates of @entity173 vs. whites. INTRODUCTION: Ethnic origin has a major influence on @entity173 , but the underlying etiology is unknown. We evaluated ethnic differences in hip @entity174 rates among 159,579 postmenopausal @entity1 in the WHI then compared femur bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry among a subset with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip and total body. METHODS: The subset included 8,206 non-Hispanic whites, 1,476 @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), 704 @entity10535 ( @entity10535 ), and 130 Native Americans (NA). Femur geometry derived from hip DXA using hip-structure analysis (HSA) in whites was compared to minority groups after adjustment for age, height, weight, percent lean mass, neck-shaft angle and neck length, hormone use, chronic disease (e.g., @entity6 , @entity309 , @entity5 ), bone active medications (e.g., corticosteroids, @entity170 therapies), and clinical center. RESULTS: Both @entity3004 and @entity10535 @entity1 suffered @entity173 at half the rate of whites while NA appeared to be similar to whites. The structural advantage among @entity3004 appears to be due to a slightly narrower femur that requires more bone tissue to achieve similar or lower section moduli (SM) vs. whites. This also underlies their higher BMD (reduces region area) and lower buckling ratios (buckling susceptibility). Both @entity10535 and NA @entity1 had similar advantages vs. whites at the intertrochanter region where cross-sectional area and SM were higher but with no differences at the neck. NA and @entity10535 had smaller bending moments vs. whites acting in a fall on the hip (not significant in small NA sample). Buckling ratios of @entity10535 did not differ from whites at any region although NA had 4% lower values at the IT region. CONCLUSION: Differences in the geometry at the proximal femur are consistent with the lower hip @entity174 rates among @entity3004 and @entity10535 @entity1 compared to whites.

title: Ethnic differences in femur geometry in the XXXX 's health initiative observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity10535 :: ('MESH:C563087', 'Disease') :: ['Mexican-American', 'MA']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African-American']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Sterilization of allogeneic bone increases the availability of this tissue for supplanting skeletal defects and effecting fusions. The optimal sterilant destroys micro-organisms, preserves the physical and chemical integrity of bone and possibly even reduces immunogenicity. Cortical bone of skull heals slowly and is variably resorbed. Of 36 @entity235 , spontaneous regeneration in 72 paired 20 mm defects was constant but always incomplete, and restored only about one third of the cross-sectional area of the defect at six months. The repair in defects replaced with @entity235 allogeneic bony disc, sterilized with @entity11540 (n = 9), gamma irradiation (n = 7), or @entity1042 / @entity3636 / @entity13638 (n = 7) and then lyophilizedd, was compared with repair in defects filled with aseptically procured lyophilized only (n = 23) discs from the same donor. Criteria for evaluation of implants at six months included volume of defect filled, radiodensity, extent of fusion around circumference, revascularization, and remodeling. Bony discs sterilized with @entity1042 / @entity3636 / @entity13638 remodeled at a superior rate (p less than 0.01). Radiation sterilization resulted in diminished density and inferentially reduced protection of the brain (p less than 0.025). @entity11540 , lyophilized implants, and implants lyophilized only produced comparable repair. Whereas an acceptable cranioplasty was achieved in 86% of @entity1042 / @entity3636 / @entity13638 , lyophilize implants, all other alloimplants served an osteoconductive function with a successful repair occurring in 56% to 58%.

title: Superior osteogenesis in transplanted allogeneic XXXX skull following chemical sterilization.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide', 'Ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Literature supports short-term efficacy and safety of Sensor Augmented Insulin Pump (SAP) therapy in @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). However, no data are available showing long-term outcomes. Our study describes the long-term outcomes of SAP therapy with low- @entity413 suspend feature (SAP+ @entity9357 ) in @entity4053 in a Colombian population with @entity1723 and @entity4053 . METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with @entity1723 @entity1 receiving SAP+ @entity9357 therapy who initiated this therapy because of @entity4053 at San Ignacio University Hospital @entity6 center in Bogot  , Colombia. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was assessed at least every 6 months, severe @entity4053 (SH) and @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) incidence yearly. Adherence to therapy was also evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred eleven @entity1 were included in the analysis. Total daily insulin dose was reduced during follow-up (mean difference -0.22   U/kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.18 to -0.26; P   <   0.001). A1c levels were reduced from a baseline value of 8.8%        1.9% to 7.5%        1.0% at 5 months (mean difference -1.3%; 95% CI -1.09 to -1.50; P   <   0.001) and 7.1%        0.8% (mean difference -1.7%; 95% CI -1.59 to -1.90; P   <   0.001) at the end of follow-up (47 months on average). The incidence of SH and @entity4053 episodes decreased significantly since the first year, and this effect was maintained over time (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SAP+ @entity9357 therapy in @entity1723 @entity1 with @entity4053 led to a significant and sustained decrease in A1c during long periods of follow-up, as well as a significant reduction in SH and @entity4053 . Future randomized clinical trials are desired.

title: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Sensor Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy with Low- @entity413 Suspend Feature in XXXX with Type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia unawareness', 'HU']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The @entity6370 binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) play essential roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as vision, hormone responses, olfaction, immune response, and development. The heterotrimeric G proteins consist of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits and act as molecular switches to relay information from transmembrane receptors to intracellular effectors. The switch mechanism is a function of the inherent GTPase activity of the alpha-subunit. The alpha-subunit is comprised of two domains, the GTPase domain and the Helical domain. The GTPase domain performs all of the known alpha-subunit functions while little is know about the role of the Helical domain. To gain a better understanding of alpha-subunit function, we performed a screen for loss-of-function mutations, using the G alpha2-subunit of @entity4328 . G alpha2 is essential for the developmental life cycle of @entity4328 . It is known that the loss of G alpha2 function results in a failure of cells to enter the developmental phase, producing a visibly abnormal phenotype. This allows the easy identification of @entity1522 essential to G alpha2 function. A library of random point mutations in the g alpha2 cDNA was constructed using low fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The library was then expressed in a g alpha2 null cell line and screened for loss-of-function mutations. Mutations were identified in isolated clones by sequencing the g alpha2 insert. To date, sixteen single @entity1522 changes have been identified in G alpha2 which result in loss-of-function. Of particular interest are seven mutations found in the Helical domain of the alpha-subunit. These loss-of-function mutations in the alpha-subunit Helical domain may provide important insight into its function.

title: Loss-of-function mutations identified in the Helical domain of the G protein alpha-subunit, G alpha2, of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity379 ) to prevent @entity5 relapse following potentially curative surgery in @entity1 with high-risk @entity694 . A secondary goal was to determine the effect of @entity379 on immune function and to correlate alterations in immune parameters with survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three to 4 weeks after undergoing resection of all known @entity5 , 99 @entity1 with stage II, III, or IV @entity694 were randomly assigned to receive @entity379 0.2 mg total dose by subcutaneous injection daily for 6 months or observation. Serial assessment of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression and Fc receptors on peripheral-blood monocytes was conducted in 24 @entity1 who received @entity379 and 27 control @entity1 . RESULTS: With a median follow-up duration of 59 months in @entity1 still alive, there was evidence of a detrimental effect on time to relapse (P = .03) among @entity1 who received @entity379 . There was no significant difference in @entity1 survival (P = .12). This study has sufficient power to rule out a 25% reduction in death rate for @entity1 who received @entity379 (P < .05). Significant enhancement of immune function was observed in @entity1 treated with @entity379 as measured by HLA-DR expression (P < .01) and Fc receptors (P < .001) on peripheral-blood monocytes. CONCLUSION: This study effectively rules out any clinically meaningful benefit for @entity379 as surgical adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with high-risk @entity694 . Although significant enhancement of nonspecific immune function was seen with this dosage administration schedule of @entity379 , this was not associated with any demonstrable antitumor effect.

title: Controlled clinical trial of XXXX as postoperative surgical adjuvant therapy for @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']