abstract: We model nongraphitized @entity17244 surfaces and investigate adsorption of @entity3503 on these surfaces by using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. In this model, the nongraphitized surface is modeled as a stack of @entity15583 layers with some @entity505 atoms of the top @entity15583 layer being randomly removed. The percentage of the surface @entity505 atoms being removed and the effective size of the defect (created by the removal) are the key parameters to characterize the nongraphitized surface. The patterns of adsorption isotherm and @entity6167 are particularly studied, as a function of these surface parameters as well as pressure and temperature. It is shown that the adsorption isotherm shows a steplike behavior on a perfect @entity15583 surface and becomes smoother on nongraphitized surfaces. Regarding the @entity6167 versus loading, we observe for the case of graphitized thermal @entity505 black the increase of heat in the submonolayer coverage and then a sharp decline in the heat when the second layer is starting to form, beyond which it increases slightly. On the other hand, the @entity6167 versus loading for a highly nongraphitized surface shows a general decline with respect to loading, which is due to the energetic heterogeneity of the surface. It is only when the fluid-fluid interaction is greater than the surface energetic factor that we see a minimum-maximum in the @entity6167 versus loading. These simulation results of @entity6167 agree well with the experimental results of graphitization of Spheron 6 (Polley, M. H.; Schaeffer, W. D.; Smith, W. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1953, 57, 469; Beebe, R. A.; Young, D. M. J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 93). Adsorption isotherms and @entity6167 in pores whose walls have defects are also studied from the simulation, and the pattern of isotherm and @entity6167 could be used to identify the fingerprint of the surface.

title: Modeling of adsorption on nongraphitized XXXX surface: GCMC simulation studies and comparison with experimental data.

entities_list: @entity15583 :: ('MESH:D006108', 'Chemical') :: ['graphite', 'graphene']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['isosteric heat']

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the treatment outcomes of @entity1 with early-stage @entity189 after radiotherapy (RT) alone and discuss the effects of different T and N stages on the prognosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The clinical data from 362 early-stage (T1-T2N0-N1M0, 1992 Fuzhou, China staging system) @entity189 @entity1 who had undergone RT alone between January 1999 and December 2001 and were hospitalized in the @entity5 Center of Sun Yat-Sen University were collected and reviewed. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 70 months. The 5-year overall survival rate for the whole group was 85%. The 5-year overall survival rate of those with T1N0, T2N0, and T1N1 was 96.6%, 91.3%, and 85.8%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference detected among the three groups (p > .05). However, the 5-year overall survival rate of 73.1% for those with Stage T2N1 was significantly different from that of the former three groups. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival and 5-year regional recurrence-free survival rates among the four groups was not significantly different (p < .05). The 5-year distant @entity3 -free survival rate of those with Stage T1N0, T2N0, and T1N1 was 94.9%, 97.5%, and 95.6%, respectively, without any significant differences (p > .05); however, the 81.2% rate for those with Stage T2N1 was significantly different (p < .05). CONCLUSION: RT alone for Stage T1N0, T2N0, and T1N1 yielded satisfactory results. The outcome for those with T2N1 was obviously poorer than that for the other three groups. The main reason for treatment failure in this group was distant @entity3 . @entity1 who have a high risk of distant @entity3 in the T2N1 group may need combined treatment instead of RT alone.

title: Treatment outcomes after radiotherapy alone for @entity1 with early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Predictors of treatment resistance and relapse have not been well described in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity10763 . OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical, pathologic, and serologic predictors of treatment resistance and relapse in a community-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity19417 . DESIGN: Cohort of @entity1 identified at or near the time of biopsy diagnosis and followed as clinically indicated. SETTING: The @entity8 Collaborative Network. @entity1 : 350 @entity1 who received a new diagnosis of @entity19417 between 1985 and 2003 and were followed for a median of 49 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were categorized according to whether they had antiproteinase-3 (anti- @entity7134 ) antibodies or antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibodies. Organ involvement was determined by biopsy or by well-defined clinical criteria. Treatment resistance was defined as progressive @entity8 with active urine sediment or the persistence or appearance of extrarenal manifestations. Relapse was defined as the time to the resurgence of vasculitic symptoms. RESULTS: Treatment resistance affected 23% of 334 treated @entity1 and was associated with female sex, black ethnicity, and presentation with severe @entity8 (odds ratio per serum creatinine elevation of 100 micromol/L [1.13 mg/dL], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.39]). The following factors were associated with relapse in 258 (77%) @entity1 who attained remission: seropositivity for anti- @entity7134 antibodies (hazard ratio, 1.87 [CI, 1.11 to 3.14]) and disease of the lung (hazard ratio, 1.71 [CI, 1.04 to 2.81]) or upper respiratory tract (hazard ratio, 1.73 [CI, 1.04 to 2.88]). Relapses occurred in 26% of @entity1 with no risk factors versus 73% of @entity1 with all 3 risk factors (hazard ratio, 3.7 [CI, 1.4 to 9.7]). Among 143 @entity1 attaining remission who subsequently stopped all immunosuppressant therapy, relapse rates were similar for those who had received @entity786 therapy for 6 months or less (34%) compared with those treated for a longer duration (35%), even after adjusting for risk factors for relapse (hazard ratio, 1.41 [CI, 0.80 to 2.50]). LIMITATIONS: The cohort mostly included @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8 . @entity1 were not followed with uniform treatment protocols, and only limited information about their clinical course before diagnosis was available. CONCLUSIONS: Female or black @entity1 , or those with severe @entity8 , may be resistant to initial treatment more often than other @entity1 with @entity10763 . Increased risk for relapse appears to be related to the presence of lung or upper airway disease and anti- @entity7134 antibody seropositivity.

title: Predictors of relapse and treatment resistance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular Disease', 'decline in kidney function', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis', 'small-vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity10763 :: (MESH:C565222,Disease) :: ['small-vessel vasculitis']


abstract: This article reviews 54 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4494 that were surgically removed and histologically confirmed at the Hospital for Special Surgery from 1981 to 1993. Lower extremity @entity21 were more common among @entity1 . @entity1 ' ages ranged from 13 to 80 years, with the fifth and sixth decades being the most common. Size of the cysts ranged from 3 cm to 10 cm (average: 2.9 cm). Thirty-six (67%) @entity1 had ganglion cysts of the foot and ankle, and 18 (33%) @entity1 had ganglion cysts of the knee area. Four (7%) @entity1 had @entity2001 located in the proximal tibia, patella, and the first metatarsal head. Follow-up data of 40 (74%) @entity1 at an average of 5.9 years (range: 1 to 12.5 years) were obtained. Satisfaction was reported by 83% of @entity1 . Recurrence was seen in 10% of @entity1 , and a report of no or mild @entity158 was given by 86% of the group. @entity1 who underwent revision ganglion excision had inferior results. Only 25% reported satisfaction and 50% reported no or mild @entity158 . @entity1 who underwent curettage of an @entity2001 appeared to have superior results. All @entity1 reported satisfaction and no or mild @entity158 . The performance of a concomitant surgical procedure, the anatomic region of the ganglion, or type of postoperative immobilization did not appear to affect the outcome.

title: XXXX of the lower extremity: an analysis of 54 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity ganglion cysts']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous ganglia', 'intraosseous ganglion']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['Ganglion cysts']


abstract: Neuron-specific in vitro screening strategies have the potential to accelerate the evaluation of chemicals for @entity2359 . We examined neurite outgrowth as a measure of neuronal response with a commercially available @entity35 cortex progenitor cell model, where cells were exposed to a chemical during a period of cell differentiation. In control cultures, the fraction of beta-III-tubulin positive neurons and their neurite length increased significantly with time, indicating differentiation of the progenitor cells. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, also increased significantly with time. By seeding progenitor cells at varying densities, we demonstrated that neurite length was influenced by cell-cell spacing. After ten days, cultures seeded at densities of 1000 cells/mm(2) or lower had significantly shorter neurites than cultures seeded at densities of 1250 cells/mm(2) or higher. Progenitor cells were exposed to @entity1091 , a neuroactive chemical with diverse modes of action. Cultures exposed to 30 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) had significantly lower metabolic activity than control cultures, as reported by @entity855 content, and no neurons were observed after ten days of exposure. Cultures exposed to 3 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, or 0.3 mmol/L @entity4113 , which encompass @entity1091 's therapeutic range, had metabolic activity similar to control cultures. These cultures exhibited concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth after ten days of @entity4113 exposure. Neurite outgrowth results were relatively robust, regardless of the evaluation methodology. This work demonstrates that measurement of neurite outgrowth in differentiating progenitor cell cultures can be a sensitive endpoint for neuronal response under non-cytotoxic exposure conditions.

title: Neurite outgrowth and differentiation of XXXX cortex progenitor cells are sensitive to @entity13557 at non-cytotoxic exposures.

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1823 are @entity5 with a prevalence of 1/10000 to 1/30000. @entity5 arising from the paraganglia are characteristically of low malignant potential. Vertebral metastases are exceedingly rare, and only isolated case reports have described them. The authors present the clinical course of a 47   years-old female @entity1 with a @entity1823 [PGL] with vertebral metastastization, who underwent an intralesional @entity5 excision and corpectomy. Genetic screening demonstrated a new germinal frameshift mutation of the @entity10168 exon 6 [c.587-591DelC]. After surgery there was normalization of the analytical parameters and imagiologic screening. One year later she presented a new image in the the pedicle of @entity3138 on the contralateral side of the @entity954 . She performed 2 treatments with MIBG and 1 cicle of radiotherapy that made the new lesion regress. Currently the @entity1 does not present any clinical or analytical evidence of new @entity3 .This case outlines the clinical course of a @entity1 with a @entity1823 for whom a rare vertebral @entity3 was diagnosed. It highlights the importance of identifying @entity1 with germline @entity10168 mutations, as these @entity1 are at a high risk of developing @entity5 .

title: Rare vertebral XXXX in a case of Hereditary Paraganglioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'rare tumours', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'PGL syndrome', 'familial paraganglioma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and acceptance of a new @entity3303 lozenge compared with a @entity3303 viscous oral solution as a pharyngeal anesthetic before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE), a diagnostic procedure commonly performed worldwide during which many @entity1 experience severe discomfort mostly because of the gag reflex. @entity1 : The single-blinded, randomized, controlled study involved 110 adult @entity1 undergoing diagnostic UGE at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark. METHODS: The @entity1 were randomized to receive either 100 mg @entity3303 as a lozenge or 5 mL @entity3303 viscous oral solution 2%. Intravenous @entity1363 was administered if needed. The effect of a @entity3303 lozenge in reducing @entity1 discomfort, including the gag reflex, during UGE compared with a @entity3303 oral solution was assessed. RESULTS: Questionnaires from the @entity1 showed that the gag reflex was acceptable for 64% in the lozenge group compared with 33% in the oral solution group (P = 0.0072). UGE was evaluated as acceptable by 69% in the lozenge group compared with 39% in the oral solution group (P = 0.0092). The taste was evaluated as good by 78% in the lozenge group (P < 0.0001), and 82% found the lozenge to have good texture (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The lozenge reduced the gag reflex, diminished @entity1 ' discomfort during UGE, and was evaluated as having a good taste and texture. The lozenge improved @entity1 ' acceptance of UGE.

title: New @entity3303 lozenge as topical anesthesia compared to XXXX viscous oral solution before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: @entity340 is common in the setting of @entity454 and is associated with increased risks for @entity65 events. It is unknown whether the prevalence of @entity340 is increased in milder @entity8 after accounting for cardiovascular risk factors. @entity1 who attended the sixth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study (1995 to 1998) were eligible. Kidney function was estimated by GFR using the simplified Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study equation. @entity730 ( @entity730 ), @entity2333 , and @entity730 were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of @entity340 among @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ; GFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). A total of 3047 @entity1 (52% @entity1 ; mean age 59 +/- 10 yr) were available for analysis. @entity740 was present in 8.6% (n = 262) of the sample. Among @entity1 with @entity7874 (n = 284; 9.3%), 20% had @entity740 , compared with 7% in @entity1 without @entity340 . After adjustment for age, gender, systolic and diastolic BP, @entity101 treatment, total/HDL @entity165 , body mass index, @entity6 , smoking status, and @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity740 had a 60% increased odds of @entity730 (odds ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.5). There was no significant association between @entity740 and either @entity2333 or @entity730 (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.1, respectively). After age and gender adjustment, the combination of both @entity740 and @entity730 was associated with a three-fold increased risk for @entity204 compared with those with neither condition (P = 0.0004). In the community, @entity740 is associated with presence of @entity730 before the onset of @entity454 . Further research is warranted to understand whether traditional and novel vascular risk factor burden, as well as metabolic derangements found in early @entity8 , can account for the @entity740 - @entity730 association.

title: Cross-sectional association of kidney function with XXXX : the Framingham heart study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['valve/annular calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['MAC', 'Mitral annular calcification', 'aortic annular calcification']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification', 'Valvular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular and annular calcification']


abstract: The autonomic nerve preserving operation was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity189 (9 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ), from August 1990 to February 1991. The average age was 57.2 years ranging from 28 to 70 years. Low anterior resection was performed on 6 @entity1 having @entity189 . Seven Colonic @entity254 and two abdominoperineal resections were performed for lower @entity189 . The average operation time was 4 hours and 22 minutes. The average @entity190 was 1560 cc. Urinary functions were evaluated pre- and post-operatively. None of the @entity1 needed re-catheterization postoperatively. Urodynamic studies showed no significant differences. We recommend this operation for @entity5 because it prevented the postoperative @entity5433 without affecting the curability.

title: [Autonomic nerve preserving operation for XXXX : preliminary postoperative urinary function of 15 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['middle rectal carcinoma', 'rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM:     @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is not only characterized by pathological lesions localized to colonic mucosa, but also to various complications involving other organs, including postoperative @entity5042 . Among these complications, diffuse @entity10189 with lesions resembling @entity1049 has been reported, albeit rarely.The aim of the present study was to attempt to characterize the lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract occurring as a complication of @entity31 , and to assess the frequency and clinical course of these lesions. METHODS:     A total of 322 @entity31 @entity1 who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. We assessed the frequency of endoscopic findings, including @entity66 resembling @entity1049 . @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) associated with @entity31 was diagnosed if lesions satisfied the following criteria: (i) improvement of the lesions with treatment of @entity31 ; and/or (ii) resemblance to @entity31 in pathological findings. RESULTS:     @entity10189 satisfying the aforementioned criteria was found in 15 (4.7%) of 322 @entity1 . All the 15 @entity1 had @entity10189 accompanied by pancolitis or after proctocolectomy. Frequency in 146 @entity1 with pancolitis was 6.2% (nine @entity1 ) and that in 81 @entity1 who had undergone proctocolectomy was 7.4% (six @entity1 ). Four @entity1 with diffuse ulcerative @entity344 (DUMI) had @entity5042 . In all @entity1 except one, the lesions resolved easily with medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS:     In more than half of the post-proctocolectomy @entity1 , @entity10189 was related to the occurrence of @entity5042 . The existence of characteristic @entity10189 must be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity31 , and @entity10189 is possibly related to the occurrence of @entity5042 .

title: Diagnosis and clinical course of @entity10189 associated with @entity31 : possible relationship with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenitis', 'UGDL', 'Ulcerative gastroduodenal lesion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper-gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['pouchitis']


abstract: One-third of @entity1 with @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) have circulating functional autoantibodies against the high affinity IgE receptor @entity220 , or IgE. The intradermal injection of autologous serum causes a weal and flare reaction in many @entity1 with @entity14687 , and this reaction forms the basis of the autologous serum skin test (ASST). We have determined the parameters of the ASST which define the optimal sensitivity and specificity for the identification of @entity1 with autoantibodies. Two physicians (R.A. S. and C.E.H.G.) performed ASSTs in a total of 155 @entity1 with @entity14687 , 40 healthy control subjects, 15 @entity1 with dermographism, nine with cholinergic @entity110 and 10 with @entity483 . @entity1 were classified as having functional autoantibodies by demonstrating in vitro serum-evoked @entity112 release from the basophils of two healthy donors. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the mean weal diameter, weal volume, weal redness and flare area of the intradermal serum-induced cutaneous responses at 30 min between @entity1 with @entity14687 with autoantibodies and either those without autoantibodies or control subjects. The optimum combined sensitivity and specificity of the ASST was obtained if a positive test was defined as a red serum-induced weal with a diameter of >/= 1.5 mm than the saline-induced response at 30 min. For R.A.S. and C.E.H.G., the ASST sensitivity was 65% and 71% and specificity was 81% and 78%, respectively. Using these criteria, the following subjects had positive ASSTs: none of 15 dermographics, none of 10 atopics, one of nine cholinergics and one of 40 controls.

title: The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity14687 :: (MESH:D007566,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The destruction of the basement membrane (BM) is the first step in @entity3 and @entity3 . Type IV collagen is a major component of the BM, and is composed of six genetically distinct a(IV) chains; a1(IV) to a6(IV). The loss of a5(IV) and a6(IV) chains from the epithelial BM at the early stage of @entity3 has been reported in several types of @entity5 . However, the expression of a5(IV) and a6(IV) chains in @entity1126 ( @entity1126 ) remains unclear. METHODS: We examined the expression of a(IV) chains by immunohistochemistry using 71 resected @entity1126 specimens. Prognostic significance of a(IV) chains was examined by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: In the @entity3 , the expression of a6(IV) chain in the BM was lost partially or completely preceded by the loss of a2(IV) chain. The loss of a6(IV) chain in the BM of the @entity3 was related to the @entity5 classification, @entity2802 stages, and the expression of a2(IV) chain. The @entity1 with a2(IV)-negative and a6(IV)-negative chains had significantly poorer prognosis than those with a2(IV)-positive and a6(IV)-positive/negative chains (P   =   0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The loss of a2(IV) and a6(IV) chains might be a useful prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity1126 .

title: Differential expression of basement membrane type IV collagen a2 and a6 chains as a prognostic factor in XXXX with @entity1126 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma', 'EBDC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'cancer invasion', 'invasive cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aging process is associated with a decline in T cell-mediated immunity, including decreased @entity2047 production and mitogen-induced T cell proliferation. Because macrophages (M phi) from old @entity19 have higher production of @entity3009 (PG) E2 than young @entity19 , and @entity1421 has been shown to suppress T cell-mediated function, we hypothesized that increased production of @entity1421 would contribute to decreased T cell function with aging and that decrease in @entity1421 production by dietary antioxidants would enhance T cell-mediated function. Experiments were conducted in which combinations of purified M phi and T cells (> 95% pure) from young or old C57BL/6N1A @entity19 were cultured together. Co-cultures containing T cells and M phi from old @entity19 had reduced ConA-stimulated proliferation and @entity2047 secretion than those consisting of T cells and M phi from young @entity19 . Addition of M phi from old @entity19 suppressed proliferation and @entity2047 secretion by T cells from young @entity19 . Likewise, T cells from old @entity19 secreted more @entity2047 when cultured with M phi from young @entity19 compared to those cultured with M phi from old @entity19 . Addition of @entity1421 , at concentrations produced by old M phi, decreased proliferation and @entity2047 production by young but not old T cells. Neither addition of @entity274 at physiological levels, nor catalase changed the response of cultures from young or old @entity19 . However, addition of @entity3352 and the antioxidant nutrient @entity270 , both of which decreased @entity1421 production, improved T cell proliferation and @entity2047 production. These experiments demonstrate that increased production of @entity1421 by M phi contributes to the age-associated decline in T cell function. @entity270 improves T cell responsiveness in old @entity19 mostly by reducing M phi @entity1421 production, although a direct effect of @entity270 on T cells was also observed.

title: Macrophage prostaglandin production contributes to the age-associated decrease in T cell function which is reversed by the dietary antioxidant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: From January, 1979 to December, 1990, 105 pregnancies of the 87 mothers with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) were studied. There were 15 (14.29%) fetal losses. Among the 90 livebirths, 23 (25.5%) were moderately premature; and 1 (1.1%), was extremely premature. All but 2 (2.2%) had an Apgar score more than 7 at 1 minute. There was no @entity204 . Significantly lower birth body weights were noted compared with the matched control group (p = 0.0001). Birth body length and head circumference were not different. Only 1 of the 13 newborns who had been small for gestational age at birth had body weight and length less than the 3rd percentile during follow-up. Three (3.3%) newborns presented as @entity713 ( @entity713 ). Their mothers were all positive for SSA (Ro) antibody. One of them obligatorily needed pacemaker implantation. ECG abnormalities including multiple ventricular premature contractions, wandering @entity955 , @entity13610 , and first degree @entity1129 block were detected in another six newborns. @entity299 with secundum type @entity118 was noted in two newborns (2.2%). Among the 59 mothers who had been tested for SSA antibody, 29 (49.1%) were positive. The incidence of complete @entity1129 block was significantly higher in newborns of mothers with SSA antibody (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the frequency of fetal loss has higher in newborns of mothers without SSA antibody (p = 0.0043).

title: Newborns of Chinese mother with @entity1252 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CCAVB', 'congenital complete atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital cardiac defect']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial pacemaker']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: The aim of the study was to testify the effectiveness and acceptance of combination of the resistive inspiratory muscle training and the following walking training in 26 stable COPD pts with FEVI%VC about 50%. Measurements of inspiratory ( @entity11542 cm H20) and expiratory (MEP cm H20) muscle strength and also spirometric examinations two times before the training and one time after every month of observation were done. During first 3 months of the training inspiratory resistor (Pflex) was used. Everyday 20 s MVV with smaller orifice of Pflex (strength training) and 30 min quiet breathing by medium orifice of Pflex 3 times a week (endurance training) were performed. In first 3 months of experiment 13 @entity1 resigned of it. Other 13 pts (age 64 +/- 11.9. F-4 with medium FEVI%VC = 47.3 +/- 14.5, @entity11542 = -54.1 +/- 11.4, MEP = = 99.8 +/- 40.5) were trained during 3 months. In 11 of them (FEVI%VC = 50.0 +/- 17.3) @entity11542 improved by 33%. Values of other indices did not change at all. After 3 month of resistive training 11 pts (3-F) were qualified to walking training but only 5 (1-F) of them had finished it. After 5 month of exercises their @entity11542 improved by 74% (p < 0.5) and MEP by 50% (p < 0.05). We conclude that our method of resistive breathing with Pflex is effective and well tolerated by stable COPD pts but accepted only by 50% of them. It may be used as the first step before conditioning training. Inspiratory muscle training is not alternative to pharmacological treatment but is valuable supplementation of it.

title: [Results of respiratory muscle training in XXXX with chronic obstructive lung diseases with a moderately severe course].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Breakdown or disruption of the cytoskeleton has been implicated in the neurodegenerative processes of a variety of diseases, including @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity64 . Studies of such diseases in the @entity1 involve the use of postmortem brain tissue. Postmortem delay may vary considerably from a few hours to a few days, and within this period, a degree of cytoskeletal breakdown may occur. It is therefore crucial to examine alterations occurring in the cytoskeleton as a result of postmortem delay and subtract these from those caused by the disease. In this study, the distribution of tau, @entity19744 , and MAP5 immunohistochemistry was examined following postmortem intervals of 0-72 h in the @entity35 cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus. Each microtubule-associated protein (MAP) underwent unique changes that were dependent both on postmortem interval and the brain region examined. Following long postmortem delays, some of the changes in these proteins were similar to those seen in rodent models of @entity2806 . These results demonstrate that MAPs are not stable during postmortem delay in the @entity35 . Therefore, caution must be exercised when interpreting changes in MAPs in @entity1 postmortem tissue, especially in cases where @entity63 may be involved. Examination of control tissue carefully matched for postmortem delay is therefore essential to allow meaningful interpretation of cytoskeletal abnormalities in @entity1 @entity179 .

title: The effect of postmortem delay on the distribution of microtubule-associated proteins tau, XXXX , and MAP5 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity19744 :: (25595(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MAP2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Over recent years, the increasing incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been associated with different factors, particularly increased @entity28 in childhood. The aim of this study was to find out if there was any relationship between birth weight, body mass index (BMI) increase during the first two 3 years of life, and BMI at @entity6 onset with age at diagnosis, in a cohort of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data from 100 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity6 of both sexes (57 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ) between 10 months and 16 years of age, mean age 84.45 months (SD; 52.4), were studied. We analysed the following variables: age at diagnosis, gestational age, weight and height at birth, at two years of age and at @entity6 diagnosis, expressed as SD scores ( @entity214 ). RESULTS: All @entity1 were between 38-40 weeks of gestational age. @entity6 @entity1 have lower birth weight (-2.88 ((-0.51)-(-0.066)) and lower BMI at birth compared with healthy @entity1 -0.5 ((-0.77)-(-0.23)). @entity6 @entity1 have a significant increase in BMI during the first two years of life (4.58 versus 2.17; P<0.001). @entity1 with the lowest BMI at birth (12.77 versus 13.06; P<0.006) are the youngest at onset of the disease. BMI at diagnosis was not related to any of the variables studied. There were no gender differences either. CONCLUSIONS: The low BMI at birth and the later increase in the following years of life seem to be related to intrauterine environment as a risk factor for @entity6 .

title: [Low birth weight is a risk factor for type 1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A simple, precise, accurate and rugged reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five permeability model compounds, viz. @entity4591 , @entity1406 , @entity7988 , @entity1483 and @entity3971 red. The method was intended to standardize @entity35 in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion studies to assess the intestinal permeability of drugs in the market as well as new chemical entities. Optimum resolution was achieved by gradient elution on a Symmetry Shield C-18 analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of aqueous @entity41809 (pH 5.5; 0.01 m) and @entity1042 at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The retention times of @entity4591 , @entity1406 , @entity7988 , @entity3971 red and @entity1483 were about 9, 12, 13, 16 and 17 min, respectively. Data acquisition was carried out using a photo diode array detector in the wavelength range 210-600 nm. Extraction of chromatograms was carried out by timed wavelength. Data obtained in all studies indicated that the method was suitable for the intended purpose. The validated method was found to be linear and precise in the working range. Suitability of storage under various conditions and freeze/thaw impact at cold temperature were established to ensure complete sample recovery without any stability issues. Recovery very close to the spiked amounts indicated that the method was highly accurate and suitable for use on routine basis.

title: High-performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous determination of five model compounds, @entity4591 , @entity1406 , XXXX , @entity1483 and phenol red, as a tool for the standardization of @entity35 in situ intestinal permeability studies using timed wavelength detection.

entities_list: @entity41809 :: ('CHEBI:63036', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['antipyrine']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: The records of 67 Israeli @entity1 with classical @entity2826 treated at Rambam Medical Center were analyzed retrospectively for clinical and laboratory data. As expected, all except 1 @entity1 were of Jewish origin. There was a male predominance with a ratio of 2.2:1. The age of onset was mostly during the 5th to 7th decades of life. The course of the disease was usually slow and indolent. As has been already noted, we found a higher frequency of @entity6 (16.4%). Although a high frequency of second @entity5 was seen in our @entity1 , this was less so than that described in an American series, 15% as compared to 37%, respectively. The most frequent second @entity5 was that of the lymphoreticular system. No serologic evidence for an association with types of herpes @entity778 has been found. No alterations in humoral and cellular immunity were demonstrated. These data show similar clinical findings with those described in other series, besides the lower frequency of a second @entity5 . Some discordance with that described before concerning the relationship with @entity2803 and T cells subsets was also noted.

title: XXXX : retrospective study of 67 cases with the classical form.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancy', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of 2 techniques (Anwar vs. Melles) of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) in @entity1 with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. @entity1 : Fifty-seven eyes of 57 @entity1 20 to 35 years of age were enrolled. METHODS: @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity9042 who were contact lens intolerant and whose corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was less than 20/80 were enrolled. Eligible eyes were allocated randomly into 2 groups: the Anwar technique (23 eyes) or the Melles technique (25 eyes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was CDVA. Secondary outcomes were spherical equivalent, contrast sensitivity, corneal aberrations, corneal biomechanical properties, endothelial cell count, and central corneal thickness. All outcomes were compared 15 months after surgery. RESULTS: The CDVA was 0.17    0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units and 0.18    0.11 logMAR units in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.803). Spherical equivalent was -1.82    2.7 diopters (D) and -2.69    3.94 D in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.155). Overall, the difference in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity function between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2 groups in total and higher-order aberrations up to the fifth order (P>0.05 for all parameters). Corneal hysteresis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (9.9    0.8 vs. 9.9    0.6; P = 0.606). The corneal resistance factor was 10.02    0.8 and 10.13    0.76 (P = 0.509). There was no significant difference in percentage of endothelial cell loss between the 2 groups (1    2% vs. 1    3% in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively; P = 0.869). Mean central corneal thickness was 525.56    47.87  m versus 504.64    54.20  m in the Anwar and Melles groups, respectively (P = 0.155). CONCLUSIONS: The Anwar and Melles techniques of @entity9762 have comparable visual acuity and refractive outcomes, aberrometric profiles, biomechanical properties, corneal thicknesses, and endothelial cell densities. However, @entity1 who underwent the Anwar technique showed better contrast sensitivity.

title: Anwar versus Melles @entity9762 for XXXX : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty', 'DALK']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aside from muscle, brain is also a major expression site for dystrophin, the protein whose abnormal expression is responsible for @entity1555 . @entity73 are frequently associated with this @entity74 , we therefore studied the fate of @entity121 and @entity52775 in @entity3986 models. RESULTS: All dystrophin-associated glycoproteins investigated were reduced in @entity121 . In @entity942 mdx brain and @entity54848 -deficient mdx-3cv brain, the expression of alpha-dystroglycan and laminin was reduced, utrophin isoforms were up-regulated and beta-dystroglycan was not affected. Immunofluorescence localization of beta-dystroglycan in comparison with glial, endothelial and neuronal cell markers revealed co-localization of @entity2880 factor with beta-dystroglycan. Its expression at the endothelial-glial interface was preserved in dystrophin isoform-deficient brain from mdx and mdx-3cv @entity19 . In addition, chemical crosslinking revealed that the @entity54848 isoform exists in mdx brain predominantly as a monomer. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests an association of beta-dystroglycan with membranes at the vascular-glial interface in the forebrain. In contrast to @entity121 fibres, @entity942 does not trigger a reduction of all @entity52775 in the brain, and utrophins may partially compensate for the lack of brain dystrophins. Abnormal oligomerization of the dystrophin isoform @entity54848 might be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abnormal brain functions.

title: Brain dystrophin-glycoprotein complex: persistent expression of beta-dystroglycan, impaired oligomerization of XXXX and up-regulation of utrophins in animal models of @entity3986 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic animal']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity52775 :: ('MESH:C567727', 'Disease') :: ['dystroglycans']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic skeletal muscle', 'dystrophic muscle fibres', 'brain and skeletal muscle dystrophins']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Dp427-deficient', 'dystrophin deficiency']

answer: @entity54848 :: (13138(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Dp71']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS), particularly @entity273 ( @entity274 ), play an important role in signalling in various cellular processes. The involvement of @entity274 in the @entity4166 - @entity16258 symbiotic interaction raises questions about its effect on gene expression. A transcriptome analysis was performed on inoculated roots of @entity4166 in which ROS production was inhibited with @entity3056 (DPI). In total, 301 genes potentially regulated by ROS content were identified 2 d after inoculation. These genes included MtSpk1, which encodes a putative protein kinase and is induced by exogenous @entity274 treatment. MtSpk1 gene expression was also induced by nodulation factor treatment. MtSpk1 transcription was observed in infected root hair cells, nodule primordia and the infection zone of mature nodules. Analysis with a fluorescent protein probe specific for @entity274 showed that MtSpk1 expression and @entity274 were similarly distributed in the nodule infection zone. Finally, the establishment of symbiosis was impaired by MtSpk1 downregulation with an artificial micro-RNA. Several genes regulated by @entity274 during the establishment of rhizobial symbiosis were identified. The involvement of MtSpk1 in the establishment of the symbiosis is proposed.

title: @entity273 -regulated genes in the XXXX - @entity16258 symbiosis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylene iodonium']

entities_list: @entity4166 :: ('3880', 'Species') :: ['M. truncatula', 'Medicago truncatula']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity4166 :: (3880,Species) :: ['Medicago truncatula']


abstract: Although @entity268 is an important second messenger that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of @entity1423 and dilatation of blood vessels, little is known about the action of @entity268 on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thus, we initially studied the effects of @entity268 accumulation by using various @entity268 stimulants, including a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor ( @entity1924 ) on @entity1 aortic VSMC growth. Accumulation of @entity268 inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMC growth in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), whereas PDGF significantly stimulated the growth of @entity1 VSMCs. Thus, we focused on the role of cell cycle regulatory genes, especially on a negative regulator, an anti-oncogene, @entity876 . The protein of @entity876 was potentiated by @entity1924 as well as @entity1928 and @entity5987 , whereas PDGF decreased @entity876 expression. Upregulation of @entity876 protein by @entity268 was further confirmed by the observation that the decrease in @entity3544 , a @entity876 -inducible protein, by PDGF was significantly attenuated by @entity1924 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). These results revealed that accumulation of @entity268 inhibited VSMC proliferation, which was at least in part due to an increase in @entity876 - @entity3544 expression. Because @entity876 and @entity3544 have been reported to induce apoptosis, we examined apoptotic cells for @entity268 accumulation. Incubation of VSMCs with @entity1924 resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle treatment as assessed by nuclear chromatic morphology (P<0.01); @entity1928 also stimulated apoptotic cells. Consistent with nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation in VSMCs treated with @entity1928 as well as @entity5987 and @entity1924 was significantly increased compared with DNA fragmentation in VSMCs treated with vehicle, whereas PDGF significantly decreased the rate of DNA fragmentation (P<0.01). Overall, these results demonstrated that @entity268 inhibited the proliferation of @entity1 aortic VSMCs, accompanied by @entity876 - @entity3544 -mediated apoptosis. Analogues of @entity268 that have direct inhibitory effects on VSMC proliferation can be considered as potential antiproliferative drugs against VSMC growth.

title: Cyclic AMP inhibited proliferation of @entity1 aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, accompanied by induction of XXXX and @entity3544 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: An 8-week, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of @entity10935 and acipimox was conducted in @entity1 with @entity1007 . Prior to entry into active treatment, all @entity1 followed a standard @entity165 -lowering diet for 12 weeks. Sixty-three @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity10935 (10 mg/day) or acipimox (750 mg/day) tablets for 8 weeks under double-blind conditions. Both groups were similar at randomization. @entity10935 significantly reduced total @entity165 (p < 0.0001) (15.8%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 (21%) and the ratios of LDL- @entity165 to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 (15.8%) and @entity165 to HDL- @entity165 (11.5%). Acipimox significantly lowered both @entity165 and LDL @entity165 by 7.5%. The percent changes of total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and both ratios were larger in the @entity10935 group than in the acipimox group. Both drugs were well tolerated. Acipimox significantly increased (p > 0.001) @entity492 amino transferase levels but only four @entity1 showed increases above the normal limit. @entity10935 significantly reduced creatinine values (p > 0.05) but no @entity1 had values out of the normal range. Four @entity1 withdrew from the study (two from each group) but none withdrew because of adverse effects. No adverse effects were reported in the @entity10935 group, while five @entity1 on acipimox reported adverse effects (hot flushes, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity10 , @entity158 and leg @entity4 ). These results indicate that @entity10935 (10 mg/day) was more effective and well tolerated than was acipimox (750 mg/day) in this study population.

title: A comparative study of XXXX Versus acipimox in @entity1 with @entity1007 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['type II hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10935 :: ('MESH:C080710', 'Chemical') :: ['policosanol', 'Policosanol']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondrial pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity10935 :: (MESH:C080710,Chemical) :: ['policosanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perforation is a major complication of endoscopic resection for @entity1820 . However, little is known about delayed perforation after endoscopic resection for @entity19639 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of delayed perforation after endoscopic resection for @entity19639 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a referral @entity5 center. A total of 63 @entity1 (41 with @entity652 and 22 with @entity189 ) underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from January 1993 to December 2011. Incidence, outcome, and factors associated with occurrence of delayed perforation were investigated. RESULTS: Delayed perforation occurred in four @entity1 (6.3%). All lesions were located distal to @entity21151 . Three of four delayed perforations occurred within 36   h after endoscopic resection. All @entity1 developed @entity8678 , and two also had retroperitoneal abscesses. Although three @entity1 were cured with conservative management, a long hospital stay was required (28-, 80-, and 81-day hospital stay, respectively). One @entity1 required emergency surgery as a result of panperitonitis. There was, fortunately, no mortality in this series. The significant predictors of delayed perforation were location (distal to @entity21151 , P   =   0.007) and resection method (ESD and piecemeal EMR, P   =   0.003). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection for @entity19639 has a possible risk of morbid complication i.e. delayed perforation, especially in @entity1 with lesions located on the side distal from the ampulla and who are treated with piecemeal EMR or ESD.

title: Delayed perforation: a hazardous complication of endoscopic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitonitis']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity19639 :: ('MESH:D004379', 'Disease') :: ['non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms', 'non-ampullary duodenal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity21151 :: ('MESH:C536534', 'Disease') :: ["Vater's ampulla"]

answer: @entity19639 :: (MESH:D004379,Disease) :: ['non-ampullary duodenal neoplasm']


abstract: Repeated daily administration to female @entity35 of either an electroconvulsive shock (110 V, 1 sec) or @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ; 5 mg/kg x 2) caused a progressive decrease in presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor function assessed by the hypoactivity (sedation) response to @entity1338 (0.5 mg/kg). This reduction was maximal after approximately seven electroshocks or 8-12 days of injection of @entity9956 . Daily administration of @entity53 (100 micrograms s.c.), starting one day prior to the commencement of administration of @entity9956 or treatment with electroshock, markedly accelerated the onset of @entity393 responses to @entity1338 , but did not alter the maximum reduction induced by repeated injection of @entity9956 or administration of electroshock. Injection of @entity53 alone had no effect on the responses to @entity1338 . Administration of @entity9956 for 14 days decreased the number of both alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the cortex. Cortical beta-, but not alpha 2-adrenoceptors, were also decreased after 4 days of injection of @entity9956 . Two and ten electroshocks moderately increased and decreased cortical alpha 2-adrenoceptors, respectively. beta-Adrenoceptors were also decreased by ten electroshocks, but two were without effect. Simultaneous administration of @entity53 had little influence on the changes in the binding of alpha 2- or beta-adrenoceptors induced by repeated administration of @entity9956 or treatment with electroshock. @entity53 increased the numbers of cortical alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors 3 and 15 days after injection, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influence of injection of @entity53 to female XXXX on changes in alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptor function induced by repeated administration of @entity5829 or electroconvulsive shock.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased hypoactivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the Framingham, national health epidemiologic follow up study, and the WHO ERICA risk scores in predicting @entity204 from @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in an Australian population. DESIGN: Cohort follow up study. SETTING AND @entity1 : The cohort consisted of 1923 @entity1 and 1968 @entity1 who participated in health surveys in the town of Busselton in Western Australia over the period 1966-81. Baseline assessment included @entity65 factor measurement. Mortality follow up to 31 December 1994 was used. MAIN RESULTS: Risk scores for @entity204 from @entity301 within 10 years based on age, systolic blood pressure, @entity165 , smoking, and BMI were derived from the Busselton study data using logistic regression analysis. Similar risk scores developed from the Framingham, the national health epidemiologic follow up study, and the WHO ERICA cohorts were found to perform just as well in Busselton as the Busselton-derived scores, both before and after controlling the effect of age. There was considerable overlap across the different risk scores in the identification of individuals in the highest quintile of risk. Those in the top 20% of scores included about 41% of deaths from @entity301 among @entity1 and about 63% of deaths from @entity301 among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although there is variation in risk score coefficients across the studies, the relative risk predictive performance of the scores is similar. The use of Framingham and other similar risk scores will not be misleading in white Australian populations.

title: Prediction of XXXX mortality in Busselton, Western Australia: an evaluation of the Framingham, national health epidemiologic follow up study, and WHO ERICA risk scores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: From January 1980 to December 1989, 30 untreated @entity1 with supradiaphragmatic @entity978 ( @entity978 ) stage IA to IIBE, presenting a mediastinal mass with mediastinal to thoracic ratio (MTR) > or = 0.33, were treated by combined modality therapy. None had staging laparotomy and the range of MTR was 0.33 to 0.60 (mean 0.43). In the entire group. MOPP chemotherapy (2 or 3 cycles) was followed by mantle irradiation of 40-45 Grays over 26 to 30 days and @entity4558 irradiation of 30 Grays over 19 days. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 26 of 30 @entity1 (87%). The remaining 4 @entity1 who failed to respond to initial chemotherapy received salvage chemotherapy and/or autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). With a median follow-up time of 72 months (range 11 to 131 months), overall survival and disease free survival (DFS) were 86% and 78% respectively at 10 years. Five relapses were observed after 10 to 63 months of CR. Among five @entity1 (3 relapsing and 2 failing to respond) who received intensive chemotherapy and/or ABMT, complete remission was obtained in 4 (80%). Univariate analysis of different risk factors such as age, systemic symptoms, @entity75 , histological subtype, sex, MTR and response to initial chemotherapy indicated that early response to chemotherapy was the only significant factor influencing overall survival (p < 0.001). Intensive chemotherapy with ABMT is suggested for @entity1 failing to respond to initial chemotherapy or relapsing after combined modality treatment.

title: Modality treatment in adult stage I-II XXXX with large mediastinal masses: study of 30 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['E-lesions']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['paraaortic-splenic pedicle']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current therapy for @entity1580 is ascending aortic replacement. Operative mortality and morbidity rates have been markedly improved because of recent advances in surgical techniques and anesthesiology. However, @entity1580 with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is still a surgical challenge because of the need for extensive aortic replacement. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity1580 were treated with endovascular stent-grafts. The false lumen of the ascending aorta was patent in five @entity1 , and it was thrombosed in the other five @entity1 . The entry tears were located in the descending thoracic aorta in all cases. Seven @entity1 had acute dissection, and three @entity1 had subacute dissection. Four @entity1 had @entity2294 . Stent-grafts were fabricated from expanded @entity736 and Z-stents. RESULTS: Entry closure was achieved in all @entity1 . Complete @entity715 of the false lumen of the ascending aorta was observed after stent-grafting in all @entity1 . A second stent-graft was required in two @entity1 to obtain complete @entity715 of the false lumen of the descending thoracic aorta. No procedure-related complications were observed, with the exception of a minor @entity64 in one @entity1 . During a mean follow-up period of 20 months, no @entity1755 or @entity439 formation was noted in either the ascending or descending thoracic aorta, and all @entity1 were alive and doing well. The @entity1028 enlarged after stent-grafting in one @entity1 , and this was treated by closing the fenestrations of the abdominal aorta with stent-grafts. CONCLUSION: Stent-graft repair of aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is a safe and effective method and may be an alternative to surgical graft replacement in highly selected @entity1 .

title: Transluminal placement of endovascular stent-grafts for the treatment of XXXX with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the question of whether different arthroscopically confirmed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury patterns have distinctive preoperative findings on clinical examination, instrumented laxity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Three hundred consecutive @entity1347 @entity1 with isolated ACL tears were evaluated with the Lachman test (LT), the pivot-shift test (PST), stress radiographs using the Telos Stress Device (Metax, Hungen, Germany), and MRI. After arthroscopic confirmation of the @entity130 , we grouped @entity1 into 4 different ACL tear types (complete, partial anteromedial [AM] bundle intact, posterolateral [PL] bundle intact, and posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] healing), and partial tears were further evaluated for mechanical integrity and functionality of the remaining fibers. RESULTS: PST grades of  +2 and  +3 were consistent with complete ACL tears (86%; P < .00001), whereas PST grades of 0 or  +1 were strongly related to partial tears (76%; P < .00001). Instrumented laxity results showed a significant difference in @entity10584 ( @entity10584 ) of anterior tibial translation in complete tears (9.1    3.4 mm) versus partial tears (5.2    2.9 mm; P < .0001). Most PL-intact cases were "functional" (67%), with lower instrumented laxity values ( @entity10584 , 4.3    2.3 mm) than the "nonfunctional" cases ( @entity10584 , 6.7    2.9 mm; P < .001). The contrary was not observed for AM-intact cases (17% functional). Partial ACL tears with functional remaining fibers had PST grades of 0 or  +1 and less than a 4 mm @entity10584 in stress radiographs (sensitivity, 0.76; specificity, 0.90). Partial ACL tears with nonfunctional fibers had positive PST results and an @entity10584 of anterior tibial displacement from 4 to 9 mm (sensitivity, 0.56; specificity, 0.92). Positive PST results and an @entity10584 greater than 9 mm was recorded in complete ACL tears (sensitivity, 0.88; specificity, 0.96). MRI analysis revealed overlapping results between complete and partial tears. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative evaluation of different ACL tear types showed differences between complete and partial ACL tears with functional fibers in clinical examination and instrumented laxity tests. The combination of clinical tests and stress radiographs produced threshold values that distinguished complete from partial ACL tears, which may help the surgeon in the early identification of the presence of remaining functional fibers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control study.

title: The diagnostic value of clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and instrumented laxity in the differentiation of complete versus partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['side-to-side difference', 'SSD']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior cruciate ligament tears']


abstract: Emotional stress is associated with an increased activity of both the @entity1636 and the sympathetic-adrenal medullary systems resulting in raised plasma levels of glucocorticoids and @entity2661 . There is evidence to suggest that prolonged stress induced @entity2915 initiated myocardial pathogenesis and that this may relate to a corticosteroid @entity2922 interaction. In the present study driven atrial strips removed from stressed male CSF @entity35 were found to exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to both @entity1063 and @entity1425 . These animals had previously been subjected to irregular foot shock associated with a warning signal; a situation producing a high plasma @entity134 level. The enhanced myocardial sensitivity to both @entity2661 was observed in naive animals subjected to a single period, and persisted unchanged in animals stressed daily over a 28 day period. The @entity56 of the myocardium observed immediately after stress was maintained for at least 24 hr, whereas the circulating @entity134 level had returned to control values within 3 hr. In animals subjected to regular stress without a warning signal, a situation producing a much lower @entity134 level, no enhanced myocardial sensitivity was observed. While the aetiology of the phenomenon of enhanced myocardial sensitivity to @entity2661 is not entirely understood, the evidence presented suggests that it may be related to the extreme elevation of circulating glucocorticoids. The sensitivity of the vas deferens however, was unaltered even though the animals were subjected to the stressor producing a high plasma @entity134 level. This apparent specifcity of the stress induced sensitivity change is discussed on the basis of receptor differences.

title: Myocardial sensitivity to XXXX following exposure of @entity35 to irregular, signalled footshock.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal cortical system']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['adrenergic hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower doses of @entity619 for treatment of @entity1313 edema are as effective as the conventional dose of 16 mg/d. We consecutively executed two double-blind randomized trials in @entity1 with CT-proven brain metastasis and Karnofsky scores of 80 or less. In the first series, we compared 8 mg @entity619 per day versus 16 mg/d; in the second series, 4 mg/d versus 16 mg/d. Standardized evaluation of quality of life and side effects took place at days 0, 7, 28, and 56. We randomized a total of 96 @entity1 and evaluated eighty-nine. The Karnofsky score improved in the 8-mg group, which had improvement of 8.0 +/- 10.1 (mean +/- SD) points at day 7 versus 7.3 +/- 14.2 points in the 16-mg group. In the second series, the 4-mg group had improvement of 6.7 +/- 11.3 points at day 7 and 7.1 +/- 18.2 points at day 28 versus 9.1 +/- 12.4 and 5.6 +/- 18.5 points in the 16-mg group. Toxic effects occurred more frequently in the 16-mg group (p < 0.03). We conclude that administration of 4 mg @entity619 per day for treatment of @entity1313 edema results in the same degree of improvement as does administration of 16 mg/d after 1 week of treatment in @entity1 who have no signs of impending herniation. Toxic effects are dose-dependent and, during a 4-week period, occurred more frequently in @entity1 using 16 mg/d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dose-effect relationship of XXXX on Karnofsky performance in metastatic @entity1313 : a randomized study of doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg per day.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of high-dose @entity1363 in the treatment of @entity159 in @entity1 . SETTING: Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN: Audit of clinical experience. SUBJECTS: Seventeen consecutive @entity1 treated for episodes of @entity159 . INTERVENTIONS: Algorithm-driven administration of intravenous @entity1363 to control RSE. Regular, mandatory, @entity1 evaluation to avoid delay in the appropriate escalation of therapy. Our target was the abolition of clinical @entity410 within 30 min of initiating treatment and early confirmation of cessation of all @entity410 activity using EEG. The algorithm had failed if clinical @entity410 persisted beyond 30 min despite the administration of @entity1363 at 24 microg/kg/min or if administration of a further acute anti- @entity302 drug was required to achieve @entity410 control. MEASUREMENTS: The @entity1363 infusion rate, cumulative @entity1363 dose and duration of @entity1363 therapy at time of clinical @entity410 control were recorded. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously. Episodes of algorithm failure, breakthrough @entity410 and @entity410 relapses were identified. @entity1 outcome was measured in terms of survival to PICU discharge. RESULTS: In 13 @entity1 (76%) @entity1363 achieved clinical @entity410 control within 30 min of treatment initiation. @entity1363 was eventually successful in treating 15 @entity410 episodes (88%). Breakthrough @entity410 occurred in 8 @entity1 (47%). Relapse after discontinuation of therapy occurred in 1 @entity1 (6%). No significant adverse effects attributable to the use of @entity1363 occurred. There were 3 deaths (18%) related to underlying CNS pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1363 can offer control of @entity159 without significant morbidity.

title: High-dose @entity1363 therapy for XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['refractory status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['refractory status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis and distribution of @entity63 caused by inappropriate bandaging of the lower limb in @entity235 and @entity468 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMAL POPULATION: Eleven client-owned animals, including 9 @entity235 and 2 @entity468 with a history of @entity130 consistent with incorrect application of a bandage. METHODS: Medical records for @entity235 and @entity468 referred to the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital with limb wounds between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed for clinical history and referring veterinary surgeons' reports, indicating that the injury was directly related to the application of a bandage to the limb. RESULTS: The indications for bandage application included 2 postoperative cruciate @entity397 , 2 lacerations, 3 internal fixations, an onychectomy, a @entity2065 , a @entity235 bite, and a @entity6475 . None of the @entity1 had other body systems involved or underlying or concurrent diseases. Five different types of bandage were described (support, Robert Jones, pressure, splint, and Velpeau), and no particular age or breed was overrepresented. Of the 11 animals, 5 required full-thickness skin grafts, 3 had to have digits amputated, and 2 required limb amputations. Nine animals survived, but only 4 became fully functional on the affected limb. CONCLUSIONS: Bandage-related @entity130 are potentially serious sequelae to a routine procedure. A guarded prognosis should be given when there is loss of deeper structures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A review of bandaging principles is presented. Method of application, choice of materials, and close monitoring of the bandage are important factors in preventing @entity130 .

title: XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injuries']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['tendon strain']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ligament ruptures']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury', 'injuries']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic bandage injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -The aim of the present study was to establish whether isolated neonatal @entity1 cardiomyocytes were capable of downregulating energy-using processes other than contraction while maintaining metabolic stability when @entity26 availability was reduced. METHODS AND RESULTS: Metabolic response of cardiomyocytes was investigated under moderate (5 to 6 micromol/L) and severe (2 to 3 micromol/L) forms of @entity519 . Cells exposed to @entity26 concentrations of 5 to 6 micromol/L exhibited rates of @entity26 consumption, which were decreased to 64% of normoxic rates. Rates of cellular energy usage were decreased because this reduced rate of @entity26 consumption was not associated with either decreased intracellular @entity855 and @entity1734 concentrations or a compensatory switch to glycolysis. When cells were exposed to @entity26 concentrations of 2 to 3 micromol/L, rates of @entity26 consumption decreased to 9% of normoxic rates. This decreased rate of @entity26 consumption was associated with energetic stress, because a significant switch to glycolysis occurred and intracellular @entity1734 concentrations were decreased by 40%. Rates of cellular energy usage were further decreased as indicated by stable intracellular @entity855 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: -Our results suggest that isolated cardiomyocytes are capable of downregulating energy-consuming processes other than contraction when @entity26 supply is decreased. Regions of myocardial tissue are also capable of downregulating metabolic activity during @entity63 by shutting down contractile activity ( @entity1562 ). We suggest that metabolic downregulation associated with @entity1562 may not be exclusively due to reduced rates of contractile activity. Other energy-using processes (eg, protein synthesis, mRNA synthesis, ion channel activity, and proton leak) may also be shut down.

title: Hibernation in noncontracting XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hibernation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: 1. The mitochondria isolated from @entity1 or @entity35 liver were fractionated into submitochondrial particles and purified inner and outer membrane. According to different marker enzymes the inner membranes were enriched about 5-6-fold and the outer membranes about 12-14-fold. The electron microscopical appearance of the membranes was that expected on the basis of enzymic characterization. 2. A comparison of the average @entity535 composition of the membrane proteins from the two types of mitochondria has been made. In the case of submitochondrial particles there were statistically significant differences between the @entity1 and @entity35 hydrolysates for only five @entity1522 . Analysing the purified mitochondrial membranes there were significant differences between the two species for nine @entity1522 in the case of outer membranes and for 12 @entity1522 in the case of inner membranes. 3. With one exception all @entity1522 that were increased or decreased in the outer membrane exhibited a similar trend in the inner membrane of @entity1 compared with @entity35 liver mitochondria. It appears that liver mitochondrial membranes have a species-dependent pattern of @entity535 composition of their proteins.

title: Ultrastructural aspects and XXXX composition of the purified inner and outer membranes of @entity1 liver mitochondria as compared to @entity35 liver mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity4250 , @entity3409 , and @entity349 are among the most abundant toxic metals (TM) in the environment. Although the most common renal manifestation of TM @entity137 is proximal tubular dysfunction, significant @entity8 can also occur. We hypothesized that @entity8 following TM exposure results from TM-induced apoptosis of podocytes. To test this hypothesis we examined the extent of apoptosis and the apoptotic pathways induced in cultured @entity19 podocytes incubated for three days with @entity4250 , @entity3409 , or @entity349 , and with equimolar combinations of all three metals. Apoptosis was detected by DNA laddering, and the number of apoptotic nuclei determined by Tunel assay. Treatment for three days with each TM resulted in DNA laddering and induced a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic nuclei. In contrast, treatment with equimolar combinations of TM induced significantly fewer apoptotic nuclei than individual TM treatments. Apoptosis induced by each TM was associated with a significant (approximately 400%) increase in @entity4699 activity, but no change in @entity7349 activity, and Western analyses revealed a marked up-regulation of Fas (approximately 500%) and @entity51424 (approximately 300%) with no change in expression of @entity1380 , @entity1379 , or @entity26667 . Similar to the apoptotic response, combinations of TM induced less @entity4699 activity and Fas/ @entity51424 expression than individual TM treatments. Collectively, these results demonstrate that (1) TM induced apoptosis in cultured @entity19 podocytes via the extrinsic Fas- @entity51424 @entity4699 pathway, rather than the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and (2) combination TM exposure induced less apoptosis than individual TM, indicating an antagonistic rather than an additive or synergistic @entity137 .

title: Single and combination toxic metal exposures induce apoptosis in cultured XXXX podocytes exclusively via the extrinsic @entity4699 pathway.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenite', 'arsenite']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The personal and societal impact of @entity1643 is considerable. The intervertebral disc is considered the etiologic source in up to 40% of @entity1 , with considerable previous efforts directed at developing reliable and efficacious treatments. Recent publications, including a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, using a one-time treatment of @entity6693 , showed statistically significant, clinically relevant improvements in @entity158 and function in the treatment groups. The postulated mechanism of action of @entity6693 is denervation of small nociceptive fibers that grow into the annulus @entity82 , which are implicated in @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: @entity158 management center. OBJECTIVES: To examine the outcomes for a cohort of @entity1 treated with @entity6693 for @entity158 , discuss potential differences in selection and administration protocols and briefly review other proposed treatments for @entity158 (e.g. intradiscal electrothermy therapy, intradiscal steroids, intradiscal biaccuplasty, rami communicans radiofrequency thermocoagulation, and chymopapain). METHODS: This case series examines the @entity158 and functional outcomes in 8 @entity1 treated with a one-time administration of @entity6693 for @entity615 . Follow-up information was available between 2 months and over one year, depending on the @entity1 . RESULTS: Application of this treatment for these 8 @entity1 for @entity158 diagnosed by provocation discography showed only one clinical success at our center. Four @entity1 had a time-limited clinical response in @entity158 and/or function between 2 weeks and 5 months. @entity1 specific data are outlined in detail herein. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1643 ascribed to a discogenic source continues to be an elusive clinical entity to treat. We have reserved further treatment of @entity6693 for @entity158 until other controlled trials have been published. LIMITATIONS: A case series.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Low back pain']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Academic pain', 'pain', 'discogenic pain']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['Methylene blue']


abstract: MAP3K  1 and MAP3K  2 are a pair of @entity958 genes that encode protein kinases related to cdc7p from @entity375 . We have previously shown that the map3k  1;map3k  2 double-mutant combination causes pollen lethality. In this study, we have used an @entity1068 -inducible promoter construct to rescue this lethal phenotype and create map3k  1(-/-);map3k  2(-/-) double-mutant plants in order to examine the function of these genes in the sporophyte. These rescued double-mutant plants carry a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-MAP3K  1 transgene under the control of the @entity167 -inducible AlcA promoter from @entity14940 . The double-mutant plants were significantly smaller and had shorter roots than wild-type when grown in the absence of @entity1068 treatment. Microscopic analysis indicated that cell elongation was reduced in the roots of the double-mutant plants and cell expansion was reduced in rosette leaves. Treatment with @entity1068 to induce expression of YFP-MAP3K  1 largely rescued the leaf phenotypes. The double-mutant combination also caused embryos to arrest in the early stages of development. Through the use of YFP reporter constructs we determined that MAP3K  1 and MAP3K  2 are expressed during embryo development, and also in root tissue. Our results indicate that MAP3K  1 and MAP3K  2 have roles outside of pollen development and that these genes affect several aspects of sporophyte development.

title: Genetic analysis of the XXXX protein kinases MAP3K  1 and MAP3K  2 indicates roles in cell expansion and embryo development.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous closure of an external @entity3472 is unlikely when a concomitant downstream obstruction of the pancreatic duct inhibits downstream flow. Early endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and stent insertion may enhance @entity292 closure in these @entity1 . METHODS: The results of endoscopic stenting of the pancreatic duct were evaluated in 15 @entity1 with an external @entity3472 that developed after operative necrosectomy and debridement of the pancreas (seven @entity1 and eight @entity1 , median age 45 (range 25-68) years). RESULTS: Median drainage before ERP was 50-800 ml/day, with an amylase content of 210,00-493,000 units/l. ERP was performed after a median time of 35 days and revealed leakage of the duct and a downstream obstruction in all @entity1 . An endoprosthesis was inserted beyond the site of obstruction. Within a median time of 10 (range 2-64) days drainage stopped in all @entity1 . In one @entity1 ERP failed and pancreaticojejunostomy was performed. During follow-up (median 24 (range 2-55) months) three @entity1 required resection of the pancreatic tail because of @entity9007 formation, all of whom originally had leakage from the tail area. CONCLUSION: Based on these data, an active approach for external @entity3472 seems warranted. Early ERP and stent insertion enhances @entity292 resolution, facilitates wound care and surgery is postponed or even avoided.

title: Endoscopic stent placement for pancreaticocutaneous XXXX after surgical drainage of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: @entity27801 again is well known to be surprisingly effective in @entity1 with severe @entity3148 in @entity1 (SME). Rare side effects on the skin reappeared, such as the febrile @entity17795 ( @entity17795 ). In 1993 we described the first three cases of @entity39 and introduced the term 'halogen @entity3139 '. It is a @entity262 with crops of subcutaneous nodules, fever, elevated sedimentation rate, hepatosplenomegalia, and @entity490 . Later severe @entity39 of the skin and adipose tissue may happen with deep @entity1066 . History and course of five cases, described in this paper, suggest either an @entity566 or toxic reason. Histologic picture shows @entity32 of adipose tissues with infiltrating lymphocytes, but lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was not reliable in diagnosing the disease. Possibly, @entity54382 act as a chemokine and stimulate inflammatory processes. @entity4001 can be transformed into a @entity5497 radical/free electron pair under UV irradiation at 228.8 nm in aqueous solution. The @entity5497 radical may have detrimental effects on the tissue. However, despite some research, the origin of halogen @entity3139 and @entity66 remains unclear.

title: XXXX due to @entity27801 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['similar diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotizing panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity17795 :: ('MESH:D010201', 'Disease') :: ['Weber-Christian syndrome', 'nodular panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity27801 :: ('MESH:C039004', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium bromide']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromide']

answer: @entity3139 :: (MESH:D015434,Disease) :: ['Panniculitis']


abstract: AIM: We estimated the usefulness of our new scale to rate medial temporal @entity194 with short inversion time inversion recovery images. METHODS: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) subjects (n= 34) and non-demented subjects (n= 19) were recruited for this study. First, coronal short inversion time inversion recovery images were scanned vertical to the long axis of hippocampus. Next, the single image in which peduncles appeared widest was adopted for estimation. The parahippocampal cerebrospinal fluid space was divided into three parts: the outer, upper and inner parts. The hippocampus was defined as a structure being of equal intensity to grey matter. Two radiologists compared each part of the parahippocampal cerebrospinal fluid space with the hippocampus and rated them on a 0-3 scale. Interrater and intrarater kappa statistics and sensitivity/specificity for the diagnosis of @entity195 were calculated using the scores of the right, left and both sides combined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between @entity195 and @entity11702 subjects with regards to sex. @entity195 subjects had lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and were older than non-demented subjects. Interrater and intrarater kappa statistics were 0.52-0.68 and 0.76-0.83, respectively. Sensitivity was 88.2% using the scores of both sides. CONCLUSIONS: Interrater and intrarater agreements were fair to good and good to excellent, respectively. Our new visual rating method detected medial temporal @entity194 in @entity195 @entity1 at a highly sensitive rate. As such, we conclude that this visual rating scale is useful for judging medial temporal @entity194 simply and objectively in clinical use, and it is helpful in establishing an @entity195 diagnosis.

title: New visual rating system for medial temporal lobe XXXX : a simple diagnostic tool for routine examinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy for @entity5 with pathologic risk factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the charts of 83 @entity1 who received postoperative radiation therapy at our facility from March 1980 to November 1993 for early stage @entity5 with positive surgical margins, positive pelvic or periaortic lymph nodes, lymphovascular space invasion, deep invasion, or for disease discovered incidently at simple hysterectomy. Twenty-eight @entity1 received low dose rate (LDR) intracavitary radiation with or without external beam pelvic irradiation and 55 @entity1 received external beam pelvic irradiation with @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary implants. Of these 83 @entity1 , 66 were evaluable--20 LDR and 46 @entity1168 @entity1 . All @entity1 received 45-50 Gy external beam irradiation and 20 Gy LDR equivalent intracavitary irradiation prescribed to 0.5 cm below the mucosa. Ninety percent of the LDR group and 92% of the @entity1168 group completed treatment within < 56 days. Treatment-related @entity137 were scored according to the GOG @entity137 scale. Mean and median follow-up times were 101 months and 111 months (3-172 months) for the LDR group and 42 and 40 months (3-98 months) for the @entity1168 group. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free survival was 89% for the LDR group and 72% for the @entity1168 group. Local control was observed in 90% (18 out of 20) of the LDR @entity1 and 89% (41 out of 46) of the @entity1168 @entity1 for an overall local control rate of 89.5%. Two of 20 LDR @entity1 (10%) experienced recurrence (two pelvic with distant @entity3 ). Nine of 46 @entity1168 @entity1 (22%) had recurrence of disease (three pelvic, four distant @entity3 , and two pelvic with distant @entity3 ). In the @entity1168 group, 6 out of 16 (38%) with positive lymph nodes died of disease whereas, 27 out of 30 (90%) of the @entity1 with negative lymph nodes remain free of disease. Three of 20 (15%) LDR @entity1 and 4 out of 46 (9%) @entity1168 @entity1 experienced Grade 2 or 3 late treatment- related complications. No @entity1 in either group had Grade 4 or 5 complications. Pathologic risk factors were analyzed. Lymph node positivity and lymphovascular space invasion were found to be significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). Positive margins, deep invasion, and age were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the efficacy of postoperative irradiation for @entity5 with pathologic risk factors. Overall, the local control rate was 89.5% The @entity1168 results demonstrate that this method can be delivered safely and effectively.

title: XXXX with pathologic risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cervix cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Postoperative radiation for cervical cancer']