abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) and other @entity166 are some of the most serious treatment-related @entity137 of chemotherapy for @entity5 , with a mortality rate of 2% to 21%. The two main types of prophylactic regimens are granulocyte ( @entity1261 ) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF); and antibiotics, frequently @entity5176 or @entity799 . Important current guidelines recommend the use of colony stimulating factors when the risk of @entity1398 is above 20% but they do not mention the use of antibiotics. However, both regimens have been shown to reduce the incidence of @entity281 . Since no systematic review has compared the two regimens, a systematic review was undertaken. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of @entity1261 or GM-CSF with antibiotics in @entity5 @entity1 receiving myeloablative chemotherapy with respect to preventing @entity221 , @entity1398 , @entity281 , @entity281 -related mortality, early mortality and improving quality of life. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, databases of ongoing trials, and conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology (1980 to 2007). We planned to include both full-text and abstract publications. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing prophylaxis with @entity1261 or GM-CSF versus antibiotics in @entity5 @entity1 of all ages receiving chemotherapy or bone marrow or stem cell transplantation were included for review. Both study arms had to receive identical chemotherapy regimes and other supportive care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial eligibility and quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were done in duplicate. Authors were contacted to obtain missing data. MAIN RESULTS: We included two eligible randomised controlled trials with 195 @entity1 . Due to differences in the outcomes reported, the trials could not be pooled for meta-analysis. Both trials showed non-significant results favouring antibiotics for the prevention of @entity221 or hospitalisation for @entity1398 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence for or against antibiotics compared to G(M)-CSFs for the prevention of @entity281 in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic antibiotics or XXXX for the prevention of @entity281 and improvement of survival in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'Febrile neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary conservative surgery and @entity900 -based chemotherapy have resulted in high cure rates in @entity43 . A significant proportion of advanced @entity5 may have post-chemotherapy residue and it is important to distinguish @entity39 or @entity82 without viable @entity5 from persistent viable @entity5 and @entity44 . AIMS: To evaluate the role of laparotomy in assessing the nature of post-chemotherapy residue in @entity43 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity43 seen at @entity5 Institute, Chennai between 1992 and 2002 were studied. Sixty-eight @entity1 completed combination chemotherapy with @entity900 regimes, of whom 35 had radiological residual masses. Twenty-nine out of these 35 @entity1 underwent laparotomy to assess the nature of the residue. RESULTS: On laparotomy, three @entity1 had viable @entity5 , seven @entity44 , three mature @entity44 and 16 only @entity39 or @entity82 . None of our @entity1 with @entity5000 , @entity189 , absence of @entity44 element in the @entity5 and radiological residue of < 5 cm had viable @entity5 whereas all @entity1 with @entity5 containing @entity44 component initially had @entity41 . Absence of viable disease was higher in @entity1 who had normalization of serum markers by two cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that @entity1 with absence of @entity44 element initially, radiological residue of< 5 cm and normalization of serum markers after two cycles of chemotherapy do not require surgery to assess the nature of post-chemotherapy residue. However, laparotomy should be performed in @entity1 with @entity5 that initially contain @entity44 element and in those with sluggish @entity5 marker response after two cycles of chemotherapy since they have a high chance of having viable post chemotherapy residue.

title: Laparotomy for post chemotherapy residue in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors', 'malignant ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'immature teratoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Economic issues in @entity158 management affect the @entity1 , the provider and society. This paper will review some of the data on the costs to society of @entity1118 and its associated disability. It will also look at the costs to @entity1 and provider of alternative economic models. Conceptual issues that underlie health care delivery and the attendant costs must be addressed if society is to gain control over runaway health care costs and reduce the economic burden of @entity1118 and disability for the @entity1 as well as the provider. METHODS: Literature review and synthesis. RESULTS: @entity1118 is the primary cause of health care consumption and disability in the working years. @entity158 clinics have proven utility. Data on efficacy of most other kinds of care is lacking. Disability costs are related to conceptual inadequacies and the medicalization of post-industrial societies. CONCLUSION: To control inappropriate care and escalating costs, we must change concepts of @entity158 and disability and the methods of funding both of these in relation to @entity1118 . The outcome of the continuing struggle between the profession of medicine, the state and capitalists will determine how and whether @entity158 management is a part of medical care.

title: Economic implications of XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Multidisciplinary pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adjuvant @entity13558 , alone or associated with @entity562 , on @entity1555 and @entity174 risk in @entity1 more than 70 years old with hormone receptor-positive early @entity0 (EBC). In a group of 51 elderly @entity1 (aged 76.4    5.0 years) considered for adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for EBC, 24 @entity1 with T-scores >=  -2 and no prevalent @entity174 received @entity13558 1 mg/day (group A), and 27 @entity1 with T-scores < -2, or with T-scores >=  -2 and prevalent @entity174 (group B), received @entity13558 (1 mg/day) plus @entity562 (35 mg/week). Both groups received supplementation with 1 g @entity4959 and 800 IU @entity560 per day. Differences in @entity1555 and @entity174 were evaluated after 1 and 2 years. In group A, significant decreases in @entity1555 were observed in the lumbar spine (/\ @entity1555 , -0.030    0.04 g/cm  , P < 0.05), femoral neck (/\ @entity1555 , -0.029    0.05 g/cm  , P < 0.05), and trochanter (/\ @entity1555 , -0.026    0.03 g/cm  , P < 0.01) after 2 years. The greatest percent reduction in height (Hpr) emerged in the thoracic spine (3.6    2.4%, P < 0.01), although only one incident @entity174 was observed. In group B, @entity1555 increased in the lumbar spine (/\ @entity1555 , 0.038    0.04, P < 0.001), although no significant changes were seen in the hip regions. The decline in Hpr was negligible (about 1%). No incident @entity174 were observed at follow-up. In conclusion, @entity13558 treatment for EBC in elderly @entity1 seems to have only mild negative effects on the femoral bone. @entity562 makes the use of @entity13558 safer, even for @entity6092 or @entity3604 elderly @entity1 .

title: Preventive effect of XXXX on @entity174 in elderly @entity1 treated with @entity13558 for early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'bone fracture', 'frailty fractures']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate', 'Risedronate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity562 :: (MESH:C073008,Chemical) :: ['risedronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS), a novel 21-item parent- or self-report questionnaire that covers wide variation in @entity3119 , and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a community-based pediatric sample. METHOD: The TOCS was completed for 16,718 @entity1 and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 17 years in a  community setting. Internal consistency, convergent validity with the Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the @entity1 Behaviour Checklist (CBCL-OCS), divergent validity with the Strengths and Weaknesses of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Rating Scale ( @entity28927 ), interrater reliability, as well as sensitivity and specificity of the TOCS were assessed. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the 21 TOCS items was excellent (Cronbach's a  = 0.94). TOCS was moderately correlated with the CBCL-OCS (Spearman correlation  = 0.51) and poorly correlated with the @entity28927 (Pearson correlation  = 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity analyses indicated that a TOCS total score of greater than 0 successfully discriminated community-reported @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) cases from noncases. OC traits were continuously distributed both at the total score and dimensional level in our pediatric community sample. CONCLUSION: TOCS is a multidimensional measure of OC  traits in @entity1 and adolescents with sound psychometric properties. TOCS reveals that OC traits are common and continuously distributed in a community sample. TOCS may be a useful measure for studies of the characteristics and etiology of OC traits.

title: The Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Psychometrics of a Dimensional Measure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits', 'obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['Obsessive-Compulsive Traits']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of questionnaire which is included in the protocol designed for screening the @entity1 with extensive pathological states of @entity11158 . 100 @entity1 , with their ages ranging from 11 to 77 years old, were selected for the study and they were classified under various disorder classification which is based on the criteria of Japanese society for Temporomandibular Joint. Statistical analysis was performed to find the relationship between the different pathological states and the results of the questionnaire. The following results were obtained: 1. The ratio of appearance on @entity158 was as follows: Type I (100%), Type II (0%), Type III (43.8-75.0%) and Type IV (75.0%). 2. The ratio of appearance on @entity158 on chewing was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (100%), Type III (20.0-100%) and type IV (37.5%). 3. The ratio of appearance on @entity158 on maximum opening was as follows: Type I (100%), Type II (100%), Type III (50.0-100%) and Type IV (75.0%). 4. The ratio of appearance on @entity1348 noise was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (0%), Type III (40.9-81.3%) and Type IV (50.0%). 5. The ratio of appearance on the fatigue by mastication was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (50.0%), Type III (40.0-100%) and Type IV (75.0%). 6. The ratio of appearance on @entity8599 was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (0%), Type III (10.4-40.0%) and Type IV (25.0%). 7. The ratio of appearance on the stiff of jaw on awakening was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (0%), Type III (20.8-70.0%) and Type IV (37.5%). 8. The ratio of appearance on the unilateral chewing was as follows: Type I (50.0%), Type II (0%), Type III (20.0-50.0%) and Type IV (62.5%). 9. There were significances among those types about each items on the questionnaire, it can be suggested that the questionnaire for screening about @entity11158 was effective.

title: [Clinical evaluation of protocol for the XXXX . 3. Questionnaire for the @entity11158 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11158 :: ('MESH:D017271', 'Disease') :: ['craniomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity11158 :: (MESH:D017271,Disease) :: ['craniomandibular disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of distraction osteogenesis for @entity1 with mandibular @entity4239 secondary to @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 . METHODS: 43 @entity1 (aged from 2 to 61 years old) with mandibular @entity4239 were treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Two types of mechanical distraction were utilized in this study. Ten @entity1 (age ranged from 2 to 16-years-old, mean age 7.6 years old) with severe @entity4239 underwent bilateral mandibular distraction with rigid external distraction (RED) device. Other 33 @entity1 were treated with unilateral(6 cases) or bilateral (27 cases) mandibular distraction using internal distraction device. Distraction was started on the 4th to 8th day after operation and distraction rate was 0.25 mm every time, four times a day. Distractor was removed after 3 to 6 months of consolidation period. RESULTS: Eighty sides of mandible in 43 @entity1 were lengthened. The mean distraction distance was 23.2 mm (ranged from 14 to 35 mm). After distraction, the average posterior airway space (PAS) was enlarged from 4.9 mm to 10.4 mm and average angle of sella-nasion-point B (SNB) was increased from 64.2 degrees to 74.5 degrees. The @entity27 index (AHI) was decrease significantly. The profile was improved and OSA was improved effectively in each @entity1 . No complication occurred during treatment. No persistent @entity1183 of lower lip was observed. All @entity1 were satisfied with the results. After a mean follow-up period of 20.3 months(5 to 103 months) , the result was stable and no obvious relapse of @entity4239 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction osteogenesis is an effective way in correction of mandibular @entity4239 secondary to @entity1348 @entity3947 . RED is a new method for treatment of @entity1 and adolescence with severe mandibular @entity4239 . The procedure is simple and safe with stable result.

title: [The treatment of mandibular @entity4239 secondary to XXXX @entity3947 with distraction osteogenesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33480 ( @entity33480 ) clinics form the mainstay of forensic @entity146 services in the Netherlands. Their costs are rising, but little is known about how these costs are distributed. AIM: To determine the distribution of service costs for @entity1 with @entity1314 in @entity33480 medium security units in the Netherlands. METHOD: Data on service use were extracted retrospectively from the case files of 55 @entity1 with @entity1314 who are residents in six medium security units within two @entity33480 centres during 2006 (De Rooyse Wissel and Pompestichting). Standard unit costs were obtained for each service, and multiplied by frequency of service use to obtain the total cost of service per @entity1 . A modified version of the Secure Facilities Service Use Schedule was completed. RESULTS: The average daily cost of a bed in a @entity33480 hospital in 2006 was 388 @entity7634 (402 (SD 37) @entity7634 in De Rooyse Wissel; 375 (SD 48) @entity7634 in the Pompestichting). @entity7298 (overheads). There was considerable difference between @entity1 and between unit variations in the other costs, but about one-third went on costs of staying in department (sociotherapists), and less than 10% each on specific therapeutic interventions or daily activities. About 3% of the budget overall was spent on other costs, but, as these included escorted leaves, at times these costs accounted for a much higher proportion of the per @entity1 expenditure. CONCLUSION: Our results may provide a baseline measurement, with which future costs of @entity33480 treatment can be compared as the services expand and develop. More attention to costs in this way may help to contain budget increases. New studies could examine more specific aspects of treatment or other specific @entity1 groups.

title: Cost of care of @entity1 with XXXX in forensic @entity146 hospitals in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['Over half of this was spent on non-treatment fixed costs']

entities_list: @entity33480 :: ('MESH:C537274', 'Disease') :: ['TBS', 'Ter beschikking stelling']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose   Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with cardiovascular risk in late adulthood. Recent studies in adolescents suggest that modifiable factors may have greater influence on increased cardiovascular risk. This study aims to investigate the association between LBW and changes in anthropometric and biochemical risk factors during adolescence in a population with low average socioeconomic status. Methods   In a retrospective double cohort, data of birth weight were extracted from hospital records of @entity1 born on the same day between 1992 and 2002. According to the World Health Organization, we classified the @entity1 as having LBW or normal birth weight. A total of 172 subjects among @entity1 , adolescents and adults were researched. We measured anthropometric and clinical data, lipid profile and @entity413 after an overnight fasting. The low and normal weight groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U, Fischer exact, Chi-square (  2) and Student's t tests. Results   Pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 delivered more newborns with LBW (p   <   0.001). Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between groups. No differences were found in the family history of @entity65 (p   =   0.1), family incomes (p   =   0.8) and maternal school education (p   =   0.8) between groups. Conclusion   In this study, LBW did not increase @entity65 risk factors in adolescents. We observed absence of association between low birth weight and poor health outcomes among adolescents with low socioeconomic status from an urban city in the Brazilian northeast.

title: Could Low Birth Weight be Associated with XXXX in Adolescence?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the gene expression of the key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, @entity32 , and proliferation. PPARy may contribute toward attenuation of atherogenesis. We investigated the relationship of the @entity21086 @entity6864 polymorphism with the presence and severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) assessed by Gensini score (Gs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 239 @entity1 and 244 control individuals were investigated for clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, and angiographic information. Standard definitions were used to diagnose @entity1 with @entity1187 . The Gs system was used to calculate the severity of @entity453 . The computer model Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) 2 was used to determine b-cell function (HOMA-b), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). PCR-RFLP was performed for DNA genotyping for @entity21086 in the @entity6864 polymorphism. RESULTS: Allele frequencies were 0.842 for the Pro allele and 0.158 for the Ala allele. The diseased vessel number was lower in @entity1 with the Ala allele than others. The Gs tended to be lower in @entity1 with the Ala allele than in others [10 (8-16) vs. 24 (16-32), P<0.001]. @entity1 with Pro/Pro had a significantly higher glycemia, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR, and reduced HOMA-b and HOMA-S than Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala individuals. CONCLUSION: The Ala 12 Ala genotype of the @entity6864 gene may decrease the number of diseased vessels and the severity of @entity453 , which could be because of a direct antiatherogenic effect of this polymorphism as well as an indirect effect through its association with a lower level of inflammatory parameters and insulin resistance.

title: A XXXX substitution in the @entity6864 polymorphism may decrease the number of diseased vessels and the severity of angiographic coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21086 :: ('p|SUB|P|12|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro 12 Ala']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity21086 :: (p|SUB|P|12|A,ProteinMutation) :: ['Pro 12 Ala']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) constitute a family of over one hundred compounds and can generally be found in complex mixtures. @entity2556 metabolites cause DNA damage which can lead to the development of @entity105 . @entity137 assessment of @entity2556 complex mixtures is currently expressed in terms of toxic equivalents, based on @entity137 Equivalent Factors (TEFs). However, the definition of new TEFs for a large number of @entity2556 could overcome some limitations of the current method and improve @entity5 risk assessment. The current investigation aimed at deriving the relative potency factors of @entity2556 , based on their genotoxic effect measured in vitro and analyzed with mathematical models. For this purpose, we used a new genotoxic assay (yH2AX) with two @entity1 cell lines (HepG2 and LS-174T) to analyze the genotoxic properties of 13 selected @entity2556 at low doses after 24h treatment. The dose-response for genotoxic effects was modeled with a Hill model; equivalency between @entity2556 at low dose was assessed by applying constraints to the model parameters. In the two cell lines tested, we observed a clear dose-response for genotoxic effects for 11 tested compounds. LS-174T was on average ten times more sensitive than HepG2 towards @entity2556 regarding genotoxicity. We developed new TEFs, which we named @entity20183 ( @entity20183 ). Calculated @entity20183 for the tested @entity2556 were generally higher than the TEF usually used. Our study proposed a new in vitro based method for the establishment of relevant TEFs for @entity2556 to improve @entity5 risk assessment.

title: Comparative potency approach based on H2AX assay for estimating the genotoxicity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity20183 :: ('9181', 'Gene') :: ['Genotoxic Equivalent Factor', 'GEF']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: A randomized double-blind study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity7305 in the treatment of recurrent @entity7809 (RAS). Thirty @entity1 , aged 9-65 years, were selected, based on a documented history of three or more episodes of RAS. @entity1 were instructed to take 150 mg of @entity7305 (or placebo) daily for 3 days at the onset of the first prodromal symptoms of an @entity1066 . The regimen was to be repeated for each new episode, but not more than once per week. At each episode @entity1 were examined and evaluated as to number and duration of @entity1066 , interval between episodes, @entity158 associated with @entity1066 , and side effects. Data on 24 @entity1 were suitable for analysis. Of those @entity1 receiving @entity7305 , six showed slight improvement and five were unchanged. Of those @entity1 receiving the placebo, one showed a marked improvement, four slight improvement, six were unchanged, and two deteriorated. There was neither a clinical nor a statistically significant difference between the groups. It is concluded that @entity7305 , in this study protocol, had no effect on the incidence or severity of @entity7809 .

title: Randomized, double-blind study of XXXX in recurrent @entity7809 .

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis', 'aphthous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

answer: @entity7305 :: (MESH:D007978,Chemical) :: ['levamisole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant evaluation of the metabolic and growth-promoting effects of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) therapy in @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ) may be used in the prediction of the growth response to @entity2124 therapy. AIM: To evaluate the metabolic effects of @entity2124 therapy in @entity2689 and correlation with the short-term growth response. @entity1 : 24 prepubertal @entity1 with @entity2689 , aged 9.4 +/- 2.6 years were followed for auxology and @entity442 , @entity2301 , @entity1243 , ghrelin, @entity1254 , lipids and OGTT results in a prospective multicenter study. INTERVENTION: @entity2124 (Genotropin) in a dose of 50 microg/kg/day for 1 year. RESULTS: Height standard deviation score (SDS) increased from -3.9 +/- 1.5 to -3.5 +/- 1.4 (p = 0.000) on therapy. BMI did not change. @entity442 @entity214 increased from -2.3 +/- 0.4 to -1.6 +/- 1.1 at 3 and 6 months (p = 0.001) and decreased thereafter. Serum @entity1243 decreased significantly from 2.3 +/- 3.9 to 1.7 +/- 5.3 ng/ml (p = 0.022) at 3 months and increased afterwards. Serum ghrelin decreased from 1.2 +/- 0.8 to 0.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml (p = 0.005) with no change in @entity1254 . Basal and stimulated @entity2690 levels also increased significantly. Delta height SDS over 1 year showed a significant correlation with Delta @entity442 (0-3 months) (r = 0.450, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: @entity442 may be considered as a marker of growth response in @entity2689 at short term. @entity1243 shows a decrease at short term but does not have a correlation with growth response. The decrease in ghrelin in face of unchanged weight seems to be associated with increase in @entity442 and @entity2690 levels. The unchanged @entity1254 levels in spite of an increase in @entity2690 levels indicates that @entity1254 is mainly affected by weight, not @entity2690 .

title: Effects of @entity2124 on growth, XXXX resistance and related hormones (ghrelin, @entity1243 and @entity1254 ) in @entity2689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity28015 ( @entity28016 , THR-221) was evaluated for its pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy in 30 pediatric @entity1 with @entity2348 . The following results were obtained. 1. The pharmacokinetics of CDZM in 6 @entity1 were investigated with a dose level of 20 mg/kg via intravenous injection. Mean serum half-lives (T 1/2 beta) of the drug were 120.9 minutes (HPLC) and 115.6 minutes (bioassay). In 8 hours after administration of CDZM, urinary excretion rates were 74.7% (HPLC) and 75.0% (bioassay). 2. The clinical efficacies of CDZM were studied in 29 pediatric @entity1 , comprising 22 with @entity1729 , 2 with @entity293 , 2 with @entity1681 , 2 with @entity3298 and 1 with @entity2522 . The clinical efficacies were excellent in 13, good in 13 and fair in 3, with an efficacy rate of 89.7%. 3. The eradication rate for pathogens identified in 7 pediatric @entity1 was 60% (6/10). The clinical efficacy rate in cases where pathogens were identified was 100% in terms of excellent+ good evaluations. 4. Only one case of mild @entity294 was observed as a side effect associated with CDZM. Laboratory tests revealed abnormal value of slightly elevated eosinophil in 3 cases. The data suggested that CDZM is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic for the treatment of infections in @entity1 .

title: [Clinical studies of XXXX in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28015 :: ('MESH:C033356', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefodizime']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity28015 :: (MESH:C033356,Chemical) :: ['cefodizime']


abstract: AIMS: @entity957 (SCC) increases dramatically in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). The aim was to determine whether qualitative and quantitative differences in perineoplastic @entity32 in OTRs contribute to the increased @entity105 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate in SCC, assessing depth, density and phenotype ( @entity27440 , @entity403 , @entity9988 and @entity6897 ) by immunohistochemistry in paired biopsy specimens of intraepithelial and invasive SCC in immunocompetent @entity1 and OTRs. Considerable @entity32 was observed in all intraepithelial SCC (inflammatory infiltrate depth 2.80 +/- 2.21 mm immunocompetent @entity1 , 2.15 +/- 2.95 mm OTRs). @entity32 was more pronounced in invasive SCC of immunocompetent @entity1 (4.60 +/- 4.67 mm) and OTRs (3.30 +/- 5.90 mm) (P < 0.005). The density of perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrates increased from intraepithelial to invasive SCC (P = 0.005). OTRs showed a lower density of perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.041). OTRs also showed reduced CD3+ T-lymphocyte and @entity405 + cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proportions in intraepithelial SCC (P = 0.025 and 0.027, respectively). @entity403 + regulatory T-lymphocyte proportions in OTRs' invasive SCC were markedly diminished (P = 0.048). @entity9988 + plasmacytoid dendritic cells increased in the progression from intraepithelial to invasive SCC in immunocompetent @entity1 (P = 0.040). @entity9988 + cells were reduced in all SCC of OTRs (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: @entity32 in intraepithelial SCC is pronounced both in immunocompetent @entity1 and OTRs. @entity32 increases further in invasive SCC. OTRs show reduced proportions of @entity403 + regulatory T cells and @entity9988 + plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This distinct inflammatory infiltrate may result in increased cutaneous @entity105 and more aggressive behaviour of SCC in OTRs.

title: Progression of XXXX in immunosuppressed @entity1 is associated with reduced @entity9988 + and @entity403 + cells in the perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Perineoplastic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is a common cause of irreversible @entity1018 in the elderly. The hypothesis was that in vitro stimulation of RPE cells with Abeta(1-40), a constituent of drusen, promotes changes in gene expression and cellular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1020 , including oxidative stress, @entity32 , and angiogenesis. METHODS: Confluent @entity1 RPE cells were stimulated with Abeta(1-40), or the reverse peptide Abeta(40-1), and genome wide changes in gene expression were studied with gene microarrays. Selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Pathway analysis with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ingenuity revealed top functional pathways in RPE after Abeta(1-40) stimulation. RESULTS: RPE cells stimulated with Abeta(1-40) (0.3 microM) for 24 hours resulted in 63 upregulated and 22 downregulated previously known genes. The upregulated genes were predominantly in inflammatory and immune response categories, but other categories were also represented, including apoptosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. Categories of downregulated genes included immune response, transporters, metabolic functions and transcription factors. ELISA confirmed that secreted levels of @entity687 were two times higher than control levels. GSEA and ingenuity analysis confirmed that the top affected pathways in RPE cells after Abeta(1-40) stimulation were @entity32 and immune response related. Surprisingly, few angiogenic pathways were activated at the doses and exposure times studied. CONCLUSIONS: Abeta(1-40) promotes RPE gene expression changes in pathways associated with immune response, @entity32 , and cytokine and interferon signaling pathways. Results may relate to in vivo mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1020 .

title: Microarray analysis identifies changes in inflammatory gene expression in response to amyloid-beta stimulation of cultured XXXX retinal pigment epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity3620 is a rare @entity5 with a median survival, ranging from 4 to 18 months in untreated @entity1 . In a phase II study of @entity1 with @entity2615 , the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1260 and mesna was evaluated. Twenty-nine previously untreated @entity1 , with histologically proven and unresectable @entity2615 , entered the study. Three @entity1 were later excluded from the study due to revision of the diagnoses. The @entity1 had to have bidimensionally measurable disease by CT scans and a WHO performance status < or = 3. Eligible @entity1 received @entity1260 3000 mg/m2 per day for 3 days as a 1-h infusion and mesna 1800 mg/m2 per day for 3 days every third week. Dose modifications were made according to the degree of hematologic, neurologic and @entity8 . Response to treatment was evaluated in accordance with WHO criteria. The median age of @entity1 was 59 years (range 39-68), 18 @entity1 (69%) had a history of asbestos exposure and the median of treatment cycles was four (range 1-10). No complete responses were observed. One @entity1 obtained a partial response after five cycles with a duration of response of 25 months. Nine @entity1 (35%) had stable disease, while 13 (54%) progressed. The median survival for all @entity1 was 10 months. The @entity137 of the treatment was considerable. Thirteen @entity1 (50%) had grade 4 @entity1210 , ten @entity1 (38%) had grade 3 or 4 reversible @entity2359 and ten @entity1 (38%) had grade 3 or 4 @entity390 and @entity391 . Eleven @entity1 (42%) went off the study due to the @entity137 of the treatment. In conclusion, @entity1260 did not show any substantial activity of relevance in @entity3620 at the dose level investigated, in spite of considerable @entity137 .

title: @entity1260 in XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy influences postoperative @entity1104 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. POPULATION: A total of 108 @entity1 who underwent second-look laparoscopy after laparoscopic myomectomy without concomitant pelvic surgery between January 2006 and May 2010. METHODS: Absorbable cellulose adhesion barriers were used for uterine repair at initial surgery in all @entity1 . The presence of @entity1104 was evaluated by second-look laparoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The influence of background factors (diameter of @entity1868 , number of @entity1868 , incision sites and number of suture layers) and the uterine status immediately after uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy (number, length and location of wounds, as well as wound appearance classified as virtually normal, swollen or protruding) on adhesion formation were analysed in 108 @entity1 with 296 uterine wounds. Data were analysed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-one (38.0%) @entity1 had @entity1104 to their uterus at follow up. We identified 48 (16.2%) @entity1104 among 296 wounds in all @entity1 . A protruding wound was significantly associated with @entity6081 (odds ratio, 2.53; p=0.02). The number of enucleated @entity1868 (odds ratio, 3.29; p<0.001) and the diameter of the @entity1868 (odds ratio, 1.05; p<0.001) were significantly associated with wound protrusion, which was a critical factor influencing adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative wound adhesion formation seems to depend on uterine status immediately after laparoscopic myomectomy.

title: Association between uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy and postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['subserosal myomas', 'largest myoma', 'myomas']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound adhesion']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['adhesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Water-soluble components in mesenteric lymph have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity647 and distal organ failure following @entity130 and @entity548 . Proteomics analyses have recently shown similarities and specificities of post- @entity130 / @entity548 lymph and plasma. We hypothesise that the metabolic phenotype of post- @entity130 / @entity548 mesenteric lymph and plasma share common metabolites, but are also characterised by unique features that differentiate these two fluids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matched samples were collected from 5 brain-dead organ donors who had suffered extreme @entity130 / @entity548 . Metabolomics analyses were performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Overall, 269 metabolites were identified in either fluid. Despite significant overlapping, metabolic phenotypes of matched lymph or plasma from the same @entity1 could be used to discriminate sample fluid or biological @entity1 /traumatic-injury origin. Metabolites showing relatively high levels in both fluids included markers of haemolysis and cell lysis secondary to tissue injury. DISCUSSION: High positive correlations were observed between the quantitative levels of markers of systemic metabolic derangement following traumatic/ @entity548 hypoxaemia, such as @entity4588 , @entity33990 , @entity414 and @entity1718 . These metabolites might contribute to @entity1003 of @entity130 and neutrophil priming driving @entity647 . Future studies will investigate whether the observed compositional specificities mirror functional or pathological adaptations after @entity130 and @entity548 .

title: Metabolomics of XXXX -associated death: shared and fluid-specific features of @entity1 plasma vs lymph.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock', 'haemorrhage', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity33990 :: ('CHEBI:25801', 'Chemical') :: ['oxoproline']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the effects of age on differences in the clinical course and functional outcome of mechanically ventilated @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 32 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5011 in need of mechanical ventilation were divided into two groups: (1) 15 @entity1 <65 years, and (2) 17 @entity1 >or=65 years. Length of ventilation, therapy, incidence of @entity10296 , @entity8053 , preceding @entity281 , need for tracheostomy, mortality, and functional outcome at 1-year follow-up using the Hughes outcome scale were analyzed. RESULTS: The groups were comparable regarding treatment, lesion type, incidence of @entity10296 , @entity8053 , preceding @entity281 and duration of ventilation. The majority of @entity1 (75%) received combination therapy (intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange). Tracheostomy was performed in 91% of @entity1 . Mortality was higher in older @entity1 (41 vs. 7%; p = 0.02) and overall outcome worse (p = 0.05). Interestingly, once surviving the early, most critical period, older @entity1 functionally recovered as well as younger @entity1 (80% good outcome vs. 86%; p = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Despite all the advances in intensive care, mortality in older, ventilated @entity5011 @entity1 is still substantial. However, once they have survived the early, most critical period, older @entity1 may recover as well as younger @entity1 . Special care should therefore be taken to prevent and, if present, to vigorously treat complications commonly associated with intensive care treatment of severe @entity5011 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Mechanical ventilation in XXXX : does age influence functional outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar involvement']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The @entity3881 ald gene encodes @entity5098 dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the @entity2125 -dependent deamination of @entity5098 to @entity2388 for the generation of energy and is required for normal sporulation. The transcription of ald is induced by @entity493 , but the mechanism underlying @entity493 induction remains unknown. Here we report that a gene (formerly yukF and now designated adeR) located upstream of ald is essential for the basal and @entity493 -inducible expression of ald. The disruption of the adeR gene caused a sporulation defect, whereas the complementation of an adeR mutation with an intact adeR gene restored the sporulation ability. adeR expression was not subject to autoregulation and @entity493 induction. Deletion and mutation analyses revealed that an inverted repeat, centered at position -74.5 relative to the transcriptional initiation site of ald, was required for ald expression and also likely served as a   -independent transcription terminator. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that purified His-tagged AdeR was a specific DNA-binding protein and that this inverted repeat was required for AdeR binding. AdeR shows no significant @entity535 sequence similarity to the known transcriptional activators of ald genes from other bacteria. AdeR appears to be a member of the PucR family of transcriptional regulators. Its orthologs of unknown function are present in some other Bacillus species. Collectively, these findings support the notion that AdeR is a transcriptional activator which mediates ald expression in response to @entity493 availability and is important for normal sporulation in @entity3881 .

title: AdeR, a PucR-type transcription factor, activates expression of @entity5098 dehydrogenase and is required for sporulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: AIM: To determine which factors relate to the development of @entity1005 , in adult @entity1 who are admitted to critical care units. BACKGROUND: @entity1 survival rates from critical care areas are improving each year and this has led to interest in the long-term outcomes for @entity1 who have been discharged from such environments. @entity1 typically require invasive and extensive treatment, which places a stress on physical and mental health. Prevalence estimates of @entity1005 in the critical care discharge population vary from 5-63%, yet it remains unclear what the predisposing factors are. DESIGN: A systematised review. METHOD: Subject heading and keyword searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect, with 23 articles identified that examined the relationship between critical care and the development of @entity1005 . RESULTS: Three main themes were identified; Critical Care Factors, @entity1 Factors and Experience Factors. Eight key and three potential causative factors were found: younger age, female, previous @entity146 history, length of ICU stay, @entity1245 sedation, use of stress hormones, delusional memory and traumatic memory, delirium, GCS score of <= 9 on admission _ use of mechanical restraint. CONCLUSIONS: Post-traumatic stress reactions can be strongly related to the development and presence of traumatic and delusional memories. Younger @entity1 may exclude themselves from research to avoid their traumatic thoughts. The role of prior @entity146 is unknown. Distinction between 'factual' and 'false' or delusional memory as occurs in the literature maybe unhelpful in understanding trauma reactions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: There are around 38,000 occupied critical care beds each year in England. The scale of the issue is therefore substantial. Risk factors can be isolated from available evidence and provide a rudimentary risk assessment tool to inform practice development in this area.

title: Literature review of XXXX in the critical care population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the clinical and anatomic characteristics of filtering @entity4530 after @entity726 surgery with a new biodegradable collagen implant, Ologen, using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective interventional case series in 15 eyes with openangleglaucoma. The authors performed limbal-based deep sclerectomy with Ologen implantation in the scleral bed. UBM, Visante anterior segment OCT, and a complete ophthalmic examination were performed at each follow-up visit, at 1 day, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly reduced (p<0.001) from a mean preoperative value of 24.2-/+6.8 mmHg (n=2.82 @entity726 medications) to a mean postoperative value of 8.1-/+1.2 (n=0), 8.5-/+1.3 (n=0), 11.7-/+3.2 (n=0), and 14.2-/+3.9 mmHg (n=0.33) at 1 day, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively. Lower IOP correlated with @entity4530 height and low trabeculocorneal membrane thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01, r=0.91, p<0.001) based on UBM examination. Lower IOP correlated with thin @entity4530 wall, large subconjunctival fluid spaces, and @entity258 tissue reflectivity (r=0.81, p<0.01, p<0.001, and p<0.001) based on OCT examination. No @entity260 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: UBM and OCT examinations are useful methods to evaluate outflow mechanisms after @entity726 surgery. Deep sclerectomy with Ologen implantation seems to be an effective and well-tolerated method to reduce IOP.

title: Ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging of filtering XXXX after deep sclerectomy with new collagen implant.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['blebs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have attributed racial disparities in @entity5 incidence and mortality to variances in socioeconomic status and health insurance coverage. However, an Institute of Medicine report found that blacks received lower quality care than whites after controlling for health insurance, income, and disease severity. METHODS: To examine the effects of race on @entity14 outcomes within a single setting, the authors performed a retrospective cohort study that analyzed the @entity5 registry, billing, and medical records of 365 university hospital @entity1 (175 blacks and 190 whites) diagnosed with stage II-IV @entity694 between 2000 and 2005. Racial differences in the quality (effectiveness and timeliness) of stage-specific @entity694 treatment (colectomy and chemotherapy) were examined after adjusting for socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, sex, age, and marital status. RESULTS: Blacks and whites had similar sociodemographic characteristics, @entity5 stage and site, quality of care, and health outcomes. Age and diagnostic stage were predictors of quality of care and mortality. Although few @entity1 (5.8%) were uninsured, they were more likely to present at advanced stages (61.9% at stage IV) and die (76.2%) than privately insured and publicly insured @entity1 (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: In a population without racial differences in socioeconomic status or insurance coverage, @entity1 receive the same quality of care, regardless of racial distinction, and have similar health outcomes. Age, diagnostic stage, and health insurance coverage remained independently associated with mortality. Future studies of disparities in @entity694 treatment should examine sociocultural barriers to accessing appropriate care in various healthcare settings.

title: A black-white comparison of the quality of stage-specific XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on @entity2348 (IMI) in dairy @entity291 . A total of 2,106 @entity1271 pathogens in 12 species were isolated from 125 dairy farms distributed in 30 different cities in China, and the information about these factors was recorded at the same time. @entity1271 pathogens were isolated from 63.43% of the milk samples, whereas @entity5967 accounted for 38.61% of all pathogens, followed by Str. dysgalactiae (28.16%), @entity794 (19.10%), @entity526 (6.90%), and other pathogens (7.23%). According to our investigation, IMI was more common in spring with the isolation rate of pathogens at 81.04%, and lowest in winter (52.34%). @entity291 were more likely to be infected by environmental pathogens ( @entity526 or Str. uberis) in summer, in rear quarters and in @entity291 with higher daily milk yield or lower somatic cell count. In addition, Str. dysgalactiae exhibited a higher prevalence with increased parity. Different clinical symptoms of quarters with bacterial IMI were seen in this study, and @entity1271 pathogens were isolated from healthy quarters.

title: Influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on intramammary infection in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial intramammary infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) continues to be a difficult one in Pediatrics, mainly because of the polymorphism of its clinical presentation and the lack of specific laboratory test. Among the Jones' major criteria, @entity625 is the most frequent and the least specific. Ninety three @entity1 with @entity4789 who presented 117 flares of the disease were studied in the Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, between Dec. 1989 and Dec. 1991. The presence of @entity625 was defined as an inclusion criterion. The diagnosis was based on history, physical and laboratory examinations (Modified Jones' Criteria). The mean age was 10 years and the sex ratio was 1 male: 1.4 female. In 45% of the flares, @entity625 was the only major criterion. In 44% there were @entity625 and @entity2401 , in 7% @entity625 and @entity4790 and in 4% @entity625 , @entity2401 and @entity4790 . In 64% of the flares the pattern of articular involvement was migratory and in 36% addictive. @entity625 and @entity4932 were observed respectively in 64% and 36%. Monoarthritis was reported in 3%. The definitive diagnosis of @entity4789 with atypical articular involvement only was possible in the presence of @entity2401 or @entity4790 . The authors conclude that physicians should be aware of the atypical involvement observed in some cases of @entity4789 , specially when @entity625 is the only major criterion.

title: [ XXXX : atypical joint manifestations].

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Polyarthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In anticipation of vaccine introduction, we assessed the epidemiology, burden, and genotype of infecting strains of @entity6425 among Moroccan @entity1 hospitalized for @entity697 . METHODS: From June 2006 through May 2007, 345 @entity1 <5 years of age who had @entity697 and were admitted to 4 sentinel hospitals in different regions of Morocco were enrolled in this surveillance study, and stool specimens were tested for the presence of rotavirus with use of enzyme immunoassay. RNA from positive samples was genotyped by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Overall, 314 @entity1 had complete data available, and among these, 138 (44%) tested positive for rotavirus. @entity6425 was most common among @entity1 <24 months of age (95% of all hospitalizations for @entity6425 ). @entity6425 was detected year-round at all 4 sites but was most prevalent from September through January. Genotype analysis demonstrated that 30.6% of samples were G1[P8], 26% were G9[P8], 7.5% were G2[P6], 3.7% were G1[P6], and 0.7% were G2[P8]. @entity377 sequencing analysis of G- or P-untypeable strains showed that 4.5% were G9[P8], 2.2% were G1[8], 2.2% were G2[P6], and 1.5% were G2[P4]. A high frequency of @entity325 (21%) was found, of which G1G2[P8] accounted for the majority (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus was responsible for 44% of all hospitalizations for @entity294 among young @entity1 at these 4 separate sites in Morocco. These data will help inform a decision on the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Morocco. Continued and extended surveillance in Morocco will be important to monitor changes in the epidemiology of @entity6425 and the impact of vaccination after introduction.

title: Epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis among XXXX <5 years of age in Morocco during 1 year of sentinel hospital surveillance, June 2006-May 2007.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'Rotavirus infection', 'rotavirus disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate biosynthetic absorbable mesh in single-staged contaminated (Centers for Disease Control class II and III) @entity4037 (CVH) repair over 24 months. BACKGROUND: CVH has an increased risk of @entity86 . CVH repair with synthetic or biologic meshes has reported chronic @entity281 and high @entity547 rates. METHODS: @entity1 with a contaminated or clean-contaminated operative field and a @entity154 at least 9cm had a biosynthetic mesh (open, sublay, retrorectus, or intraperitoneal) repair with fascial closure (n = 104). Endpoints included overall Kaplan-Meier estimates for @entity547 and @entity6081 rates at 24 months, and the EQ-5D and Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12). Analyses were conducted on the intent-to-treat population, and health outcome measures evaluated using paired t tests. RESULTS: @entity1 had a mean age of 58 years, body mass index of 28kg/m, 77% had contaminated wounds, and 84% completed 24-months follow-up. Concomitant procedures included @entity292 takedown (n = 24) or removal of infected previously placed mesh (n = 29). @entity547 recurrence rate was 17% (n = 16). At the time of CVH repair, intraperitoneal placement of the biosynthetic mesh significantly increased the risk of recurrences (P <=  0.04). Surgical site infections (19/104) led to higher risk of recurrence (P < 0.01). Mean 24-month EQ-5D (index and visual analogue) and SF-12 physical component and mental scores improved from baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective longitudinal study, biosynthetic absorbable mesh showed efficacy in terms of long-term recurrence and quality of life for CVH repair @entity1 and offers an alternative to biologic and permanent synthetic meshes in these complex situations.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0, where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

title: Multicenter, Prospective, Longitudinal Study of the Recurrence, @entity281 , and Quality of Life After Contaminated XXXX Repair Using Biosynthetic Absorbable Mesh: The COBRA Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defect']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['biomaterial infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive fluid balance has been associated with adverse outcomes in @entity1 admitted to general intensive care units. We analysed the relationship between a positive fluid balance and its persistence over time in terms of in-hospital outcomes among @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 complicated by @entity1455 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied fluid intake and output for 96 hours following hospital admission in 48 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 , all undergoing primary angioplasty. Daily and accumulated fluid balance was registered at up to 96 hours following admission. The cohort was stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of positive fluid balance on day 4. @entity1 ' records were assessed for in-hospital adverse outcomes, as well as 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A positive fluid balance was present in 19/48 @entity1 (40%). @entity1 with positive fluid balance were older and more likely to be treated by intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation and antibiotics. These @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity810 and to need new intubation and were less likely to have renal function recovery as well as successful weaning from mechanical ventilation (p < 0.05 for all). @entity1 with positive fluid balance had higher 30-day mortality (68% vs. 10%; p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox regression model, for every 1-L increase in positive fluid balance, the adjusted risk for 30-day mortality increased by 24% (hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.42; p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A positive fluid balance was strongly associated with higher 30-day mortality in @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: Prognostic implications of fluid balance in @entity583 complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nonpharmacologic treatments for @entity565 may act as useful adjuncts to pharmacotherapy but should be recommended to @entity1 only after several well-controlled studies provide evidence of efficacy. Research demonstrating that written emotional expression can improve pulmonary function in @entity1 with @entity565 consists of one impressive yet unreplicated study. Our main objective was to test and extend previous research finding that written emotional expression improves pulmonary function in @entity1 with @entity565 compared with writing on neutral topics. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of outpatient asthmatics recruited from hospitals and the community. Of the 137 adult @entity1 with @entity565 who were randomized, 117 began and 114 completed the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to write for 20 minutes, once per week, for 3 weeks about stressful experiences (n = 41), positive experiences (n = 37), or neutral experiences (n = 36; control group). At baseline, postintervention, and 2-month follow up, @entity1 were assessed by spirometry. RESULTS: The mean change from baseline to 2-month follow up in percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 4.2% in the stress-writing group, 1.3% in the positive-writing group, and 3.0% in the control group. In forced vital capacity (FVC), there was 3.1% improvement in the stress-writing group, 3.6% in the positive-writing group, and 2.4% in the control group. These changes were not statistically or clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reduces confidence in the ability of written emotional expression to benefit the disease status of @entity565 @entity1 .

title: Does writing affect XXXX ? A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: To study the effects of donor T lymphocytes on engraftment and @entity2132 in relation to @entity348 , we have returned small numbers of T cells to T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplanted across a minor histocompatibility barrier in @entity19 ( @entity2020 .BR--> @entity11643 ). T-cell-depleted @entity2020 .BR marrow (10(7) cells) was transplanted into CBA recipients prepared with @entity131 doses ranging from 4 to 14 Gy. Selected animals also received 10(4) (0.1%) and 10(5) (1.0%) measured @entity2020 .BR T lymphocytes. The extent of donor marrow engraftment was determined from hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase phenotyping of peripheral blood at 3 months posttransplant. @entity137 was assessed from breathing-rate measurements, histopathology, and animal survival. Addition of T cells had a profound effect on survival related to radiation dose. The @entity131 doses resulting in an LD50 at 12 weeks were 6.9 Gy, 9.3 Gy, and 13.0 Gy for animals receiving 10(5), 10(4), and no T cells, respectively. Mortality was associated with @entity358 as measured by an elevation of breathing rates. Autopsy and histological analysis revealed extensive @entity358 . In contrast to the @entity137 data, addition of T cells to the donor marrow had no effect on the @entity131 dose required for equivalent erythroid engraftment. These results demonstrate that in combination with @entity131 small numbers of T cells in the transplanted marrow do not aid engraftment but do significantly increase the risk of @entity358 .

title: The effect of donor T lymphocytes and total-body irradiation on hemopoietic engraftment and XXXX following experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['recipient total-body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the lung parenchyma', 'pulmonary toxicity', 'pulmonary dysfunction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary toxicity']


abstract: The impact of sagittal plane alignment on the treatment of @entity74 is of critical importance. A failure to recognise malalignment in this plane can have significant consequences for the @entity1 not only in terms of @entity4512 , but also social interaction due to @entity9529 . A good understanding of the principles of sagittal balance is vital to achieve optimum outcomes when treating @entity74 . Even when addressing problems in the coronal plane, an awareness of sagittal balance is necessary to avoid future complications. The normal spine has lordotic curves in the cephalad and caudal regions with a kyphotic curve in between. Overall, there is a positive correlation between @entity1513 and @entity1515 . There are variations on the degree of normal curvature but nevertheless this shape allows equal distribution of forces across the spinal column. It is the disruption of this equilibrium by pathological processes or, as in most cases, ageing that results in @entity85 . This leads to adaptive changes in the pelvis and lower limbs. The effects of limb alignment on spinal posture are well documented. We now also know that changes in pelvic posture also affect spinal alignment. @entity893 presents as an exaggeration or @entity1515 or @entity1513 . Most cases seen in clinical practise are due to @entity85 secondary to inflammatory, degenerative or post-traumatic disorders. They may also be secondary to @entity5 . There is usually @entity158 and functional disability along with concerns about self-image and social interaction due to inability to maintain a horizontal gaze. The resultant pelvic and lower limb posture is an attempt to restore normal alignment. Addressing this complex problem requires detailed expertise and awareness of the potential pitfalls surrounding its treatment.

title: XXXX : an overview of interpretation and management.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['pain and deformity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infection or tumours']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of normal lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['deficient forward gaze']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['Sagittal malalignment']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Sagittal plane deformity']


abstract: The proper use of resistance genes (R genes) requires a comprehensive understanding of their genomics and evolution. We analyzed genes encoding @entity4334 -binding sites and @entity368 -rich repeats in the genomes of @entity579 ( @entity579 ), @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ), @entity1101 ( @entity1101 ), and @entity1102 . Frequent deletions and translocations of R genes generated prevalent presence/absence polymorphism between different accessions/species. The deletions were caused by unequal crossover, homologous repair, nonhomologous repair, or other unknown mechanisms. R gene loci identified from different genomes were mapped onto the chromosomes of @entity579 cv Nipponbare using comparative genomics, resulting in an integrated map of 495 R loci. Sequence analysis of R genes from the partially sequenced genomes of an African @entity579 cultivar and 10 wild accessions suggested that there are many additional R gene lineages in the AA genome of Oryza. The R genes with chimeric structures (termed type I R genes) are diverse in different @entity579 accessions but only account for 5.8% of all R genes in the Nipponbare genome. In contrast, the vast majority of R genes in the @entity579 genome are type II R genes, which are highly conserved in different accessions. Surprisingly, pseudogene-causing mutations in some type II lineages are often conserved, indicating that their conservations were not due to their functions. Functional R genes cloned from @entity579 so far have more type II R genes than type I R genes, but type I R genes are predicted to contribute considerable diversity in wild species. Type I R genes tend to reduce the microsynteny of their flanking regions significantly more than type II R genes, and their flanking regions have slightly but significantly lower G/C content than those of type II R genes.

title: Dynamic @entity4334 -binding site and XXXX -rich repeat-encoding genes in the grass family.

entities_list: @entity1102 :: ('15368', 'Species') :: ['Brachypodium distachyon']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['Sorghum bicolor', 'sorghum']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: Oral or intravenous inoculation of previously unexposed juvenile and adult ferrets with @entity5363 uniformly resulted in intestinal colonization lasting 2 to 12 days. Disease varied from mild to moderate @entity294 , which resolved in 2 to 3 days. @entity281 animals developed agglutinin titers of 8 to 256 within 3 weeks, while those infected intravenously developed titers of 256 to 2,048. Ferrets which had recovered from campylobacteriosis all developed high titers of agglutinating and bacterial antibodies but were readily colonized by subsequent oral inoculation with the same strain of @entity5363 . @entity281 ferret kits 3 to 6 weeks of age exhibited the same general pattern of @entity281 as adults, but @entity294 was somewhat more severe. Kits resolved their @entity294 in 1 to 6 days and developed agglutinin titers in serum of 16 to 32 within 3 weeks. A series of five oral or rectal inoculations of kits during the 5- to 9-week age interval resulted in progressively shorter clearance times and eventual strain-specific resistance against @entity281 , as well as disease. Gnotobiotic adults showed the same pattern of strain-specific accelerated clearance and resistance to disease. Kits born to immune dams with high levels of whey antibodies had passively acquired serum agglutinin titers of 256 to 2,048. These kits showed no resistance to colonization with the homologous strain of @entity5363 but were completely refractory to @entity294 . These observations suggest that (i) some form(s) of specific immunity, rather than factors relating solely to age or normal flora, is responsible for resistance to @entity5363 colonization and disease production and (ii) humoral immunity at a level that does not prevent colonization can protect against @entity66 caused by this organism.

title: A domestic ferret model of immunity to XXXX -induced @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and disease', 'infection', 'Orally infected']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enteric disease']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: This study was undertaken to clarify the role of @entity935 receptor (DA2) on the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) on blood pressure, plasma and urinary @entity8262 , and urinary @entity1372 excretion, alpha- @entity1 ANP (alpha-hANP) was intravenously administrated to 7 normal subjects and 14 @entity1 with essential @entity101 as follows: first a dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then 0.03 micrograms/kg/min with or without @entity1769 (MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of the 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP, systolic blood pressure fell from 115 +/- 17 mmHg to 109 +/- 15 mmHg in normal subjects, and fell significantly from 163 +/- 33 mmHg to 145 +/- 26 mmHg in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 +/- 14 mmHg to 92 +/- 7 mmHg in @entity1 with essential @entity101 but did not change in normal subjects. A dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min of alpha-hANP led to a threefold rise in urine volume and twofold rise in urinary @entity1372 excretion in normal subjects, and a fivefold rise in urine volume and fourfold rise in urinary @entity1372 excretion in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . However, there was no relationship between the @entity551 and natriuretic effects of alpha-hANP in either normal subjects or @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The infusion of a 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP increased plasma @entity8262 concentration from 4.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/ml to 34.3 +/- 25.Opmol/ml in normal subjects and from 4.5 +/- 2.6 pmol/ml to 20.3 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The rise in plasma @entity8262 by alpha-hANP was suppressed by MC both in normal subjects and @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Urinary @entity8262 excretion also increased during the infusion of alpha-hANP, but this effect was not suppressed by MC. Furthermore, plasma @entity1369 concentration (PAC), which was depressed by alpha-hANP in normal subjects and @entity1 with essential @entity101 , was increased by MC. These results suggest that the @entity551 effect of alpha-hANP may depend not only on the natriuretic effect, but also on vasodilatation, the inhibition of @entity1369 production or the suppression of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. @entity8262 may be produced through the DA2 receptor in vascular tissue but not in the kidney.

title: [The significance of cGMP and @entity935 receptor on the natriuretic and XXXX activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic GMP', 'cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: Importance: @entity9576 ( @entity168 ) is an intractable @entity179 characterized by autonomic failure in addition to various combinations of @entity304 , @entity6447 , and @entity409 . It has recently been reported that functionally impaired variants of @entity26875 , which encodes an essential enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of @entity7447 ( @entity7447 ), are associated with @entity168 . However, little is known about the role of @entity7447 in the pathogenesis of @entity168 . Objective: To compare the levels of plasma @entity7447 in @entity1 with @entity168 with those in age-, sex-, and @entity26875 genotype-matched controls. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : We enrolled 44 Japanese @entity1 with @entity168 and 39 Japanese controls from September 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015. @entity1 with @entity168 were diagnosed on the basis of the second consensus criteria by at least 2 neurologists. Plasma @entity7447 levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Sanger sequencing of @entity26875 was performed to determine the @entity26875 genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between @entity168 and the plasma @entity7447 level. Main Outcomes and Measures: Plasma @entity7447 levels in @entity1 with @entity168 were compared with those in controls after adjusting for age, sex, and @entity26875 genotype. Results: Among 44 @entity1 with @entity168 ( @entity168 , 63.7 [8.3] years) and 39 controls ( @entity168 , 60.3 [13.0] years), the mean (SD) plasma level of @entity7447 in @entity1 with @entity168 was lower than that in controls (0.51 [0.22] vs 0.72 [0.42]   g/mL; P   =   .01) (difference between medians: -0.14; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.03). The mean (SD) plasma levels of @entity7447 in @entity1 with the cerebellar variant of @entity168 and those with the @entity191 variant of @entity168 were 0.58 (0.19) and 0.49 (0.26)   g/mL, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and @entity26875 genotype, the levels of plasma @entity7447 were significantly associated with @entity168 (95% CI, 0.10; range, 0.02 to 0.66) (P   =   .02). Conclusions and Relevance: Our data showed decreased levels of plasma @entity7447 in @entity1 with @entity168 regardless of the @entity26875 genotype, supporting a hypothesis that supplementation with @entity7447 is beneficial for @entity1 with @entity168 .

title: Plasma @entity7447 Levels in XXXX With @entity9576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental @entity130 are highly prevalent lesions in primary teeth, but crown-root @entity174 are seldom observed in primary molars. When @entity130 is sustained to the chin, the posterior primary teeth are at increased risk of @entity130 . The treatment of fractured teeth can be complicated, sometimes because of difficulties with the final restoration. CASE REPORT: A 4-year-old @entity1 was referred to a Specialty Dental clinic by a general dental practitioner with complaints of @entity158 in her left mandibular posterior teeth region while biting. History revealed that she had fallen ten days before while playing. Chin laceration was sutured in the @entity130 centre, but no dental treatment was carried out. She was subsequently discharged. Later, she had @entity158 while biting for which she was referred to the clinic by her general dental practitioner. Extra-oral examination demonstrated a healing laceration on the chin. Radiographic examination showed the presence of an unusual complicated crown-root @entity174 of the left mandibular first primary molar. Pulpectomy was carried out and the @entity174 was stabilised with glass ionomer cement and a preformed metal crown was placed. FOLLOW-UP: @entity1 was reviewed after 3, 6 and 12 months both radiographically and clinically. Though radiographically it was found that the obturating material was resorbed completely at the 12 month visit, clinically the @entity1 was asymptomatic until now (after 15 months). The @entity1 is still under review. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the need for a systematic history and examination in all cases of dental @entity130 . It also demonstrates that conservative management is possible and not all primary teeth with crown-root @entity174 need to be extracted.

title: Case report: management of crown-root XXXX in lower first primary molar caused by injury to the chin: report of an unusual case.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to analyse the pregnancy outcome of @entity1 with extrahepatic @entity6315 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational analysis conducted at the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India, between January 2007 and September 2009. A total of 41 pregnancies in 24 @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: All @entity1 conceived spontaneously (maternal age 20-35 years). 17 @entity1 had moderate-to-severe @entity417 , and five @entity1 had @entity3043 . @entity548 occurred in ten @entity1 during pregnancy, which was managed successfully with endoscopic sclerotherapy in eight @entity1 and endoscopic variceal ligation in two @entity1 . @entity3152 (14.63%), postpartum @entity548 (7.31%), abortion (4.87%) and pregnancy-induced @entity101 (4.87%) were observed in the 41 pregnancies. There were 39 live births and almost all mothers delivered vaginally, except for four who underwent Caesarean section for obstetric indications. Prematurity (15.38%), low birth weight (10.25%), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (12.82%), @entity2209 (2.56%) and @entity204 (2.56%) were noted in the newborns. CONCLUSION: @entity548 during pregnancy coincided with unfavourable outcomes. Although endoscopic obliteration of varices is a safe and effective method for antenatal management of varices in @entity1 , prenatal obliteration results in less morbidity. On rare occasions, obliterated varices can @entity548 in subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, preconception evaluation of the state of varices prior to each pregnancy and their ligation are important aspects of counselling. A successful foetomaternal outcome is achievable with multidisciplinary backup in a tertiary care centre.

title: Is pregnancy safe with extrahepatic XXXX ? An analysis.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleed', 'Variceal bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity6315 :: (MESH:C563407,Disease) :: ['portal vein obstruction']


abstract: Long-duration @entity2224 (LDVF) in the globally ischemic heart is characterized by transmurally heterogeneous decline in @entity2224 rate (VFR), emergence of inexcitable regions, and eventual global @entity1167 . Rapid loss of both local and global excitability is detrimental to successful defibrillation and resuscitation during @entity1167 . We sought to assess the role of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 current (I(KATP)) in the timing and spatial pattern of electrical depression during LDVF in a structurally normal @entity235 heart. We analyzed endo-, mid-, and epicardial unipolar electrograms and epicardial optical recordings in the left ventricle of isolated @entity235 hearts during 10 min of LDVF in the absence (control) and presence of an I(KATP) blocker @entity5217 (60  M). In all myocardial layers, average VFR was the same or higher in @entity5217 -treated than in control hearts. The difference increased with time of LDVF and was overall significant in all layers (P < 0.05). However, @entity5217 did not significantly affect the transmural VFR gradient. In epicardial optical recordings, @entity5217 shortened diastolic intervals, prolonged action potential duration, and decreased the percentage of inexcitable area (all differences P < 0.001). During 10 min of LDVF, @entity1167 occurred in 55.6% of control and none of @entity5217 -treated hearts (P < 0.05). In three hearts paced after the onset of @entity1167 , there was no response to LV epicardial or atrial pacing. In structurally normal @entity235 hearts, I(KATP) opening during LDVF is a major factor in the onset of local and global inexcitability, whereas it has a limited role in overall deceleration of VFR and the transmural VFR gradient.

title: Role of KATP channel in electrical depression and XXXX during long-duration @entity2224 in ex vivo @entity235 heart.

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glybenclamide']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['asystole']


abstract: OsCaM61 is one of five calmodulins known to be present in @entity579 that relays the increase of cytosolic [ @entity141 ] to downstream targets. OsCaM61 bears a unique C-terminal extension with a prenylation site. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we studied the behavior of the calmodulin ( @entity13609 ) domain and the C-terminal extension of OsCaM61 in the absence and presence of @entity141 . NMR dynamics data for OsCaM61 indicate that the two lobes of the @entity13609 domain act together unlike the independent behavior of the lobes seen in @entity1 @entity13609 and @entity1460 @entity31155 . Also, data demonstrate that the positively charged nuclear localization signal region in the tail in apo-OsCaM61 is helical, whereas it becomes flexible in the @entity141 -saturated protein. The extra helix in apo-OsCaM61 provides additional interactions in the C-lobe and increases the structural stability of the closed apo conformation. This leads to a decrease in the @entity141 binding affinity of EF-hands III and IV in OsCaM61. In @entity141 -OsCaM61, the basic nuclear localization signal cluster adopts an extended conformation, exposing the C-terminal extension for prenylation or enabling OsCaM61 to be transferred to the nucleus. Moreover, Ser(172) and Ala(173), residues in the tail, interact with different regions of the protein. These interactions affect the ability of OsCaM61 to activate different target proteins. Altogether, our data show that the tail is not simply a linker between the prenyl group and the protein but that it also provides a new regulatory mechanism that some plants have developed to fine-tune @entity141 signaling events.

title: Structural analysis of a calmodulin variant from XXXX : the C-terminal extension of OsCaM61 regulates its calcium binding and enzyme activation properties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Foot pressure @entity1066 are a common complication of @entity6 because of @entity1 's lack of sensitivity due to @entity16 . Deep pressure @entity1066 appear internally when pressures applied on the foot create high internal strains nearby bony structures. Monitoring tissue strains in @entity1 with @entity6 is therefore important for an efficient prevention. We propose to use personalized biomechanical foot models to assess strains within the foot and to determine the risk of @entity1066 formation. Our workflow generates a foot model adapted to a @entity1 's morphology by deforming an atlas model to conform it to the contours of segmented medical images of the @entity1 's foot. Our biomechanical model is composed of rigid bodies for the bones, joined by ligaments and muscles, and a finite element mesh representing the soft tissues. Using our registration algorithm to conform three datasets, three new @entity1 models were created. After applying a pressure load below these foot models, the Von Mises equivalent strains and "cluster volumes" (i.e. volumes of contiguous elements with strains above a given threshold) were measured within eight functionally meaningful foot regions. The results show the variability of both location and strain values among the three considered @entity1 . This study also confirms that the anatomy of the foot has an influence on the risk of pressure @entity1066 .

title: Clinical workflow for personalized foot pressure XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacteria invading the mammary gland can cause pathogen-dependent differences in the permeability of the blood-milk barrier leading to the differential paracellular transfer of blood and milk components. Glucocorticoids such as @entity617 ( @entity16723 ) are known to increase the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and quickly restore the decreased milk quality associated with @entity1271 . The objective of this study was to examine the effect of intramammary @entity16723 on the differential permeability of the blood-milk barrier during @entity1271 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from @entity526 or lipoteichoic acid ( @entity26800 ) from @entity794 . Thirty-one dairy @entity291 , divided into 6 groups, were injected via a teat canal with LPS, @entity26800 , LPS and @entity16723 , @entity26800 and @entity16723 , saline (control), or @entity16723 . Milk and blood samples were collected 0 to 8 h after challenge and analyzed for somatic cell count, IgG, @entity32771 , and @entity880 dehydrogenase in milk, or a-lactalbumin in plasma. Somatic cell count was similarly elevated in LPS- and @entity26800 -challenged quarters and was reduced to control quarter levels only in @entity26800 -challenged quarters with @entity16723 administration. @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was highly elevated in LPS quarters and only slightly elevated in @entity26800 quarters, but decreased to control quarter levels with @entity16723 administration. For @entity32771 and IgG, only LPS quarters showed an elevation in concentration and @entity16723 treatment reduced the concentration to control quarter level. We found no differences in a-lactalbumin concentrations in plasma in @entity16723 -treated @entity291 compared with @entity291 that only received LPS or @entity26800 . In conclusion, the pathogen-specific appearance of blood constituents in milk during @entity1271 demonstrates a differential activation of the blood-milk barrier that, in turn, can be manipulated by intramammary glucocorticoids. The results show that the administration of @entity16723 during @entity1271 increases the blood-milk barrier integrity but has implications in reducing the transfer of IgG that specifically occurs during @entity526 @entity1271 . In addition, it can also reduce the number of migrating immune cells dependent on the @entity1271 -inducing pathogen. Potential effects of @entity16723 on the cure of naturally occurring @entity1271 have to be taken into consideration.

title: Differential glucocorticoid-induced closure of the blood-milk barrier during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced @entity1271 in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']