abstract: PURPOSE: The long-term purpose of this research was to establish the relationships between composition, structure, and function that affect @entity1 lens membranes. The authors hypothesized that the functional differences of epithelial, cortical, and nuclear lens membranes are related to compositional differences. Furthermore, age-dependent alterations in membrane function and structure can also be related to variations in the phospholipid composition. To explore these possibilities, the authors determined the phospholipid composition of epithelial, cortical, and nuclear membranes from pools of @entity1 lenses of different ages. METHODS: Membranes were extracted from pools of clear @entity1 lenses of different ages using a monophasic methanolic extraction that minimizes the interfacial fluff produced with biphasic extractions. The phospholipid composition was determined by 31P NMR: RESULTS: Only minor differences were detected between cortical and nuclear fractions. All phospholipids, except @entity4291 , @entity3633 , and the phospholipid with a shift of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) in the 31P NMR spectrum, showed significant differences in the epithelial fractions of all age groups compared to the fiber fractions; the percentage of @entity2434 was considerably higher than that in the cortical and nuclear membranes of the same age. Conversely, the percentage of @entity3634 and @entity4994 was significantly smaller in the epithelial membranes than in the fiber membranes. The age-related changes in the composition of cortical and nuclear membranes were identical. These membranes showed a steady increase with age in the percentage of @entity4291 and of an unidentified component with a shift of 1.2 ppm. The percentage of @entity2434 decreased with age in both epithelial and fiber membranes. The rate of decrease was greater in the epithelial membranes than in the fiber membranes. Epithelial membranes contained approximately five times more @entity2434 than fiber membranes of corresponding age. CONCLUSION: Regardless of age, the composition of epithelial cell membranes was different than that of cortical and nuclear membranes, which showed similar phospholipid content. This suggests that significant compositional changes occur when epithelial cells become elongated to form fiber cells.

title: Regional and age-dependent differences in the phospholipid composition of XXXX lens membranes.

entities_list: @entity4994 :: ('MESH:C026223', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of the initial arterial study as a predictor of 90-day mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: A total of 1220 unselected @entity1 assessed during the first 24 hours after @entity64 onset were prospectively studied. Initial @entity64 severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale and dichotomized in mild (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale < or =7) and severe (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale >7). Severe @entity2791 (> or =70%) or @entity432 in the symptomatic territory was determined by a Doppler study and also by additional explorations (carotid duplex, MR or CT angiography) in the first 24 hours after admission. The following variables were also analyzed: age, gender, previous functional status, smoking, @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity6 , @entity3657 , @entity63 @entity299 , @entity712 , @entity955 , previous @entity64 , and prior use of antithrombotic or statins. Ninety-day mortality was the end point of the study. RESULTS: Ninety-day mortality was 15.7%. A total of 25.5% of all @entity204 were in @entity1 with mild @entity64 . In addition to well-known factors related to mortality (age, @entity64 severity, @entity63 @entity299 , @entity712 , and @entity717 ), severe @entity2791 /occlusion was the factor with the highest relationship with 90-day mortality (adjusted OR: stenosis 2.13, occlusion 4.42, both 3.36). @entity2791 /occlusion was a higher predictor of 90-day mortality in @entity1 with mild (adjusted OR: 5.38) than severe @entity64 (adjusted OR: 3.05). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity2791 /occlusion in the early arterial study was highly related with 90-day mortality in an unselected series of @entity1 with @entity64 . These data achieve special relevance in @entity1 with initial mild @entity64 .

title: Early arterial study in the prediction of mortality after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial stenosis', 'arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['previous disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The definition of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity694 has been modified in different editions of the AJCC/ @entity2802 staging system. Studies have shown that the presence of @entity8527 is associated with advanced @entity5 growth and poor prognosis. Most of these data were obtained in @entity1 with simultaneous lymph node (LN) @entity3 . Reports focusing on the impact of @entity8527 in @entity1 without LN @entity3 are limited. We retrospectively restaged all right-sided @entity694 over a 10-year period using criteria from the fifth, sixth, and seventh AJCC edition. We compared the number of @entity5 nodule interpreted as LN and @entity8527 in each edition and evaluated the stage migration caused by @entity8527 definition change. We then assessed clinical significance of @entity8527 in the AJCC seventh edition by comparing 5-year overall survival of N1c @entity1 versus other N category (N0, N1, N2) @entity1 with similar T and M status. We showed that the average number of @entity5 nodules interpreted as LNs per case and the number of cases with positive LNs were significantly decreased with the seventh edition compared with fifth/sixth; however, numbers of cases with @entity5 and <12 LNs were significantly increased with the seventh edition compared with fifth/sixth. These changes, however, resulted in minimal effects on the final stage grouping. Our survival analysis showed that N1c @entity1 had significantly worse survival compared with N0 @entity1 . Although not statistically significant, the hazard ratios indicated that the N1c group might have worse survival than the N1 group and better survival than the N2 group. Therefore, we conclude that @entity5 predict @entity1 outcome at least similarly to positive LNs.

title: The Impact of Tumor Deposits on XXXX AJCC @entity2802 Staging and Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TDs', 'tumor deposits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to evaluate trends in utilization of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS: Identified were 5487 @entity1 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database with a diagnosis of @entity135 (aged>or=65 years) between 2000 and 2005, who received any type of radiotherapy (RT). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of @entity1 , @entity5 , treatment, and sociodemographic characteristics on receipt of IMRT versus conventional radiotherapy techniques. RESULTS: Overall, 21.3% of @entity1 in the cohort received IMRT as the technique of irradiation. The use of IMRT increased significantly, with 1.3% of @entity1 receiving it in 2000 compared with 46.1% in 2005 (P<.0001 for trend). @entity1 treated with RT in 2005 were 68 times more likely to receive IMRT than those treated in 2000. There was significant geographic variation observed in use of IMRT, ranging from 11.3% of cases in Kentucky to 40.4% of cases in Hawaii. @entity1 in the census tracks comprising the lowest quartile for socioeconomic status were 33% less likely to receive IMRT than @entity1 in the highest quartile, even when adjusting for geographic area and year of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IMRT has rapidly become widespread for the delivery of RT for @entity1 with @entity135 . However, there was significant geographic variation noted in the utilization of IMRT. @entity1 in census tracks comprising the lowest socioeconomic quartile were less likely to receive IMRT than their more affluent counterparts.

title: Evaluation of trends in the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX from 2000 through 2005: socioeconomic disparity and geographic variation in a large population-based cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis remains a @entity66 that are often extensive and disfiguring. While the potential for @entity73 are recognized, the literature remains equivocal with regard to the prevalence and degree of this impairment. METHODS: The present study utilized a new questionnaire designed to assess the type and degree of @entity73 present among @entity1569 @entity1 . The questionnaire was designed to assess major areas of psychosocial functioning and was completed by 64 @entity1 undergoing outpatient treatment. RESULTS: Approximately half the @entity1 were found to have moderate to extreme levels of @entity148 , @entity308 , and anger. @entity1 reported experiencing these negative emotional sequelae both during their disease flares and during periods of remission. @entity1 were also found to have moderate to extreme levels of @entity111 associated with their flares. Psychologic morbidity was positively associated with length of disease flare. Significant levels of social embarrassment, life disruption, and social withdrawal were found as well. CONCLUSIONS: Psoriasis does appear to cause significant psychosocial morbidity. Greater awareness by physicians and more comprehensive treatment addressing these psychosocial components may avert, or at least minimize, some of these negative sequelae.

title: Trivial or terrible? The psychosocial impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease with lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial morbidity and impairment', 'psychosocial impairment']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increases in dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ) concentrations have been reported in surface waters worldwide in the last 10 to 20 years. The causes behind these increases have been attributed to many factors, including climate change and decreasing depositions of atmospheric @entity597 (SO        ). Trends in @entity4420 concentrations and their potential causal factors were examined in a network of 30 lakes lying in undisturbed temperate and boreal catchments in the province of Quebec, Canada. METHODS: Temporal trends in lake @entity4420 concentrations were analysed with the seasonal Kendall test. For each lake, the variation in @entity4420 concentration over time was assessed in light of the variation in SO         concentration in precipitation, air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation using the forward stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Between 1989 and 2006, significant increases in @entity4420 were observed in most of the lakes, the mean rate of change being 0.05 mg L(-1) year(-1). Lake @entity4420 concentrations were significantly explained by different models that yielded a variance explanation ranging from 13% to 77%. The models included long-term temperature variables (i.e. averaged over intervals of 10 years), short-term precipitation variables (i.e. summed over intervals 6 months), radiation (i.e. ice-free period prior to the @entity4420 observation) and precipitation SO         concentration as explanatory variables. CONCLUSION: Temporal changes in @entity4420 concentrations seem more consistent with the evolution of climate parameters rather than SO         concentrations despite the fact that most lakes were in the process of recovery, showing increases in pH.

title: Increases of dissolved organic XXXX in temperate and boreal lakes in Quebec, Canada.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) and ambient air fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) are both complex mixtures that have important adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Although exposures to these complex mixtures have been studied individually, direct comparisons between the two has not been performed. In this study, the authors employed a novel, noninvasive ultrasound biomicroscopy method (UBM) to assess the effects of long-term, low-concentration inhalations of @entity9927 ( @entity9927 ) and concentrated ambient PM(2.5) (CAPs) on plaque progression. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 (n = 8/group) on high-fat chow (HFC), or normal chow (NC), were exposed to @entity9927 (PM = 450 microg/m(3)) or filtered air (FA) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months; CAPs exposure was at 134 microg/m(3) (NC only). Mortality during the @entity9927 exposure was greater in the HFC than in the NC, and @entity9927 significantly enhanced the effects of diet. No mortality was observed in CAPs-exposed @entity19 . At 4 and 6 months, @entity9927 produced the greatest change in plaque area in the left common carotid artery (CCA) in HFC as compared to FA or NC, but not in the brachiocephalic artery. In contrast, CAPs exposure significantly enhanced plaque areas in brachiocephalic and left CCA at 3 and 6 months of exposure. The effect of @entity9927 was comparable in magnitude to that produced by CAPs at an average PM(2.5) mass concentration that was only 30% as high. In light of the employment of the same animal model, uniform inhalation exposure protocols, time schedules, a noninvasive monitoring protocol, and a parallel study design, these findings have broad applicability.

title: Atherosclerosis lesion progression during inhalation exposure to environmental XXXX smoke: a comparison to concentrated ambient air fine particles exposure.

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'side-stream smoke']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is no consensus whether to use unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin for the treatment of @entity49 . We examined the effect on clinical outcome of each type of heparin. METHODS: A nonrandomized comparison of a prospective cohort study (the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural @entity50 ) of 624 @entity1 with @entity49 . @entity1 not treated with heparin (n = 107) and those who sequentially received both types of heparin (n = 99) were excluded from the primary analysis. The latter were included in a secondary analysis, allocated according to the type of heparin given first. The primary end point was functional independency at 6 months (modified Rankin scale score  <= 2). Secondary end points were complete recovery (modified Rankin scale score 0 to 1), mortality, and new @entity932 . RESULTS: A total of 119 @entity1 received low-molecular weight heparin (28%) and 302 received unfractionated heparin (72%). Significantly more @entity1 treated with low-molecular weight heparin were functionally independent after 6 months, both in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.1; CI, 1.0 to 4.2) and after adjustment for prognostic factors and imbalances (odds ratio, 2.4; CI, 1.0 to 5.7). In the secondary analysis, there was a similar, nonsignificant trend (odds ratio, 1.7; CI, 0.80 to 3.6). Low-molecular weight heparin was associated with less new @entity1779 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; CI, 0.07 to 1.3), especially in @entity1 with intracerebral lesions at baseline (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19; CI, 0.04 to 0.99). There was no difference in complete recovery and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This nonrandomized study in @entity1 with @entity49 suggests a better efficacy and safety of low-molecular weight heparin over unfractionated heparin. Low-molecular weight heparin seems preferable above unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of @entity49 .

title: Unfractionated or low-molecular weight heparin for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: Photoinduced electron transfer from @entity669 to the @entity1785 chromophore is involved in activation of BLUF (sensor of blue light using FAD) photoreceptors. We studied the electron transfer (ET) coupled with proton-transfer (PT) reactions, by means of XMCQDPT2//CASSCF calculations on a molecular cluster model. By defining a minimum active space in the CASSCF calculations, we could compute the entire photoreaction pathway. We find that the crossing of the locally excited and ET states is located along the @entity1785 bond-stretching coordinate. The ET state is stabilized by a proton transfer from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. We mapped two different PT pathways from @entity669 to @entity1785 via the conserved @entity1160 . These reactions generate a tautomeric form of @entity1160 . Along the PT coordinates, we find geometries where the ET and the electronic ground states degenerate. At the state crossing structures, either formation of the ground state biradical intermediate or a relaxation back to the Franck-Condon minimum takes places. The computed relaxation pathways reveal that the @entity3884 bonds involving @entity1160 in the chromophore-binding pocket control BLUF photoefficiency.

title: Photoreaction in BLUF receptors: proton-coupled electron transfer in the XXXX -Gln-Tyr system.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

answer: @entity1785 :: (MESH:C024132,Chemical) :: ['flavin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulation observed in portal @entity101 states. @entity3027 can stimulate NO formation directly or indirectly via cytokines. However, @entity3027 concentrations seem to increase or decrease in cirrhotic @entity1 . This study investigated the plasma concentration of @entity3027 in @entity1 with @entity82 and its relationship to systemic and portal hemodynamics. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity82 and 47 healthy controls had blood samples taken for the determination of plasma concentrations of @entity3027 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Systemic and portal hemodynamics were measured in @entity1 with @entity82 on the same day of blood sampling using Swan-Ganz catheterization and the thermodilution technique. RESULTS: As compared with healthy subjects, @entity1 with @entity82 demonstrated a significantly higher @entity3027 detectable rate (> 3 pg/ml, 14.9% vs 36.1%, p < 0.05). In cirrhotic @entity1 , the @entity3027 detectable rates were similar between those with and without decompensation, a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 12 mmHg, or the presence of large esophageal varices (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the systemic vascular resistance or hepatic venous pressure gradient between cirrhotic @entity1 with and without a detectable plasma @entity3027 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity3027 concentrations tended to increase in @entity1 with @entity82 . However, @entity3027 concentrations do not play a role in the hyperdynamic circulation observed in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: Plasma concentrations of interferon-alpha in XXXX with liver cirrhosis: relationship to systemic and portal hemodynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'Interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity2856 ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of two extracellular alpha subunits and two beta subunits with @entity669 kinase activity. The @entity2856 is frequently upregulated in @entity5 and signals from the cell surface to promote proliferation and cell survival. Recent attention has focused on the @entity2856 as a target for @entity5 treatment. Here, we report that the nuclei of @entity1 @entity5 cells contain @entity2856 , detectable using multiple antibodies to alpha- and beta-subunit domains. Cell-surface @entity2856 translocates to the nucleus following clathrin-mediated endocytosis, regulated by IGF levels. The @entity2856 is unusual among transmembrane receptors that undergo nuclear import, in that both alpha and beta subunits traffic to the nucleus. Nuclear @entity2856 is phosphorylated in response to ligand and undergoes IGF-induced interaction with chromatin, suggesting direct engagement in transcriptional regulation. The IGF dependence of these phenomena indicates a requirement for the receptor kinase, and indeed, @entity2856 nuclear import and chromatin binding can be blocked by a novel @entity2856 kinase inhibitor. Nuclear @entity2856 is detectable in primary @entity703 cells, @entity406 -fixed @entity5 , preinvasive lesions in the breast, and nonmalignant tissues characterized by a high proliferation rate. In @entity1358 , nuclear @entity2856 is associated with adverse prognosis. Our findings suggest that @entity2856 nuclear import has biological significance, may contribute directly to @entity2856 function, and may influence the efficacy of @entity2856 inhibitory drugs.

title: Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor translocates to the nucleus of XXXX @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity3659 ( @entity3660 ) and its pharmacological effect was investigated in @entity35 . The plasma concentration of @entity3660 was maintained constantly from 5 h to 7 d after intraperitoneal infusion by the implantation of an osmotic minipump with an adjusted release rate of 20 mg/kg/d of @entity3660 . Neither the plasma or brain concentrations of @entity3660 in a 24-h infusion group were significantly different as compared with those in the 7-d group. The pharmacological effect of @entity3660 was measured by our improved forced-swimming test. When @entity3660 (dose of 20 and 50 mg/kg/d) was infused, the pharmacological effect in both infusion groups of @entity35 was increased significantly at each dose in comparison to that of the control @entity35 (p < 0.05). With 10 mg/kg/d infusion, the effect in the 7-d group increased significantly as compared with that of the control (p < 0.05), although the effect in the 24-h group did not change. The effect was increased in both groups with an increase of dose. When the effect was plotted to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), the effect approached a limiting value (12 micrograms/ml.h). Therefore, it was suggested that 12 micrograms.ml/h as the AUC for @entity3660 was enough to obtain a maximum @entity3660 pharmacological effect in @entity35 . From these results, we concluded that the AUC for @entity3660 may be a useful index to evaluate its pharmacological effect, rather than the plasma concentration.

title: The relationship between the pharmacological effect of XXXX based on an improved forced-swimming test and plasma concentration in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

answer: @entity3659 :: (MESH:D000639,Chemical) :: ['amitriptyline']


abstract: A policy of joint management of @entity1 with acute variceal @entity548 was constructed and applied prospectively to 37 consecutive @entity1 . According to the protocol, every @entity1 underwent an initial joint assessment by a physician and a surgeon soon after admission and resuscitation, which included age, previous history, physical examination and biochemical profile. Pugh's modification of @entity1 's scoring system was used to assess the severity of the underlying @entity99 . @entity1 in groups A and B who were less than 70 years of age were treated by shunt surgery carried out during the same admission. @entity1 outwith this category were managed conservatively and a blood transfusion limit (10 units) imposed unless the clinical picture subsequently improved or the liver function was good but the @entity1 was not eligible for surgery because of age. Twenty seven @entity1 underwent shunt surgery, the most frequent procedure being a Warren shunt (n = 21). The average hospital stay in the surgically treated group was 18 days. The 30 day operative mortality was 15%. Two further deaths in the shunted group occurred during the follow-up period (mean = 30 months, range = 6-97 months). Seventeen @entity1 in the shunted group remain well but three have required further therapy because of rebleeding episodes (two with sclerotherapy, one by surgery). Two @entity1 who went abroad after recovery from their shunt surgery have been lost to follow up. The survival in the conservatively treated group was short and recurrent @entity548 common. This experience indicates that an initial joint assessment using established criteria reliably identifies the poor prognosis group of @entity1 with variceal @entity548 and allows the rationalisation of the hospital resources.Early and expeditious selective shunt surgery in the good risk category carries an acceptable mortality and is cost effective in the long term.

title: Prospective study of a planned approach to the surgical management of XXXX oesophageal varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: @entity20740 ( @entity20740 ) have received increasing attention since their introduction 30 years ago. Soon it was discovered that they can be used as alternative resist materials and are compatible with different established lithographic techniques commonly used in silicon semiconductor technology. Besides these possibilities to structure @entity20740 , other attractive properties emerged from the use of @entity20740 . E.g., the introduction of addressability into the patterns by selective functionalization with reactive precursor molecules and/or by applying suitable surface reactions was established. In this feature we highlight developments of photolithographic techniques that have been used in combination with @entity20740 serving either as resists for the patterning process or as precursor molecules for surface reactions, which can be performed on non-structured and mainly photochemically structured surfaces to obtain multifunctional surfaces with tunable surface properties. The aim is to provide an overview about the versatile possibilities to use @entity12138 based SAM systems to structure @entity6619 - @entity8369 substrates by introducing topographical as well as chemically heterogeneous surface structures. In particular the chemical activation of @entity20740 includes a large number of functionalization concepts which are intended to be summarized in this review. They will be introduced here according to the class of chemical reaction that has been used. Therefore, an introduction into the plethora of possible structures, which have been created by the combination of photolithographic structuring approaches, and the integration of tailor made surface functionalities into these systems will be highlighted. Additionally effective strategies to implement a diversity of chemical functionalities onto one substrate are summarized.

title: Fabrication of patterned XXXX based self-assembled monolayers by photolithography and surface reactions on silicon-oxide substrates.

entities_list: @entity20740 :: ('MESH:C564991', 'Disease') :: ['Self-assembled monolayers', 'SAMs']

answer: @entity12138 :: (CHEBI:29389,Chemical) :: ['silane']


abstract: @entity11001 proteins are among the most abundant pre-mRNA-binding proteins of vertebrates and structurally similar to @entity11002 . We have produced two specific monoclonal antibodies against @entity5057 and studied their molecular characteristics and in vivo expression in @entity35 tissues. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the @entity11001 complexes contain many snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) proteins, consistent with their role in pre-mRNA splicing. RNA polymerase II inhibition causes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of @entity5057 . In most tissues, they are localized in the nucleus; however, in the squamous epithelium of the skin and esophagus A2 is also distributed in the cytoplasm. The relative amounts of @entity5057 are not constant among different tissues. In the adrenal, only A2 is extremely abundant in the medulla but not in the cortex. In the testis the expression of @entity5057 are observed through spermatogenesis, and different from A1 which is stringently repressed in spermatocytes. We also found and cloned a novel testis-specific isoform of @entity5057 , namely hnRNP B0. The difference of expression of A2, B1, and A1 provides new information on their in vivo roles. The diversity of A/B group hnRNP proteins may have important effects on the posttranscriptional regulation of cell-specific gene expression.

title: Molecular characterization of the XXXX proteins: tissue-specific expression and novel isoforms.

answer: @entity11001 :: (362361(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['hnRNP A2/B1']


abstract: AIM: To study the association of polymorphisms at five microsatellite loci with immune responses to a killed @entity3069 . @entity3068 (Map) vaccine. METHODS: Merino @entity742 (504 vaccinates and 430 unvaccinated controls) from a long-term Johne's vaccine trial undertaken on three different properties in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, were genotyped for five microsatellite markers located in three immunologically significant chromosome regions. The marker loci included three from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), namely DYMS1, OLADRB and SMHCC1; and one each from the @entity21596 ( @entity21596 ), OVINRA1, and the interferon-y (IFN-y), o(IFN)-y, gene regions. Associations between immune responses and genetic polymorphisms at the marker loci were examined by analysing both allelic and genotypic effects. RESULTS: The o(IFN)-y locus had only two alleles, whereas the other four loci exhibited extensive polymorphism, with the number of alleles ranging from 10 (OVINRA1) to 21 (DYMS1), resulting in 30-92 genotypes per locus. Heterozygosities varied between 37% (o(IFN)-y) and 87% (SMHCC1), while information on polymorphic contents ranged from 0.31 (o(IFN)-y) to 0.87 (DYMS1). Each of the three properties exhibited unique allelic and genotypic frequencies. Analysis of immune response data revealed strong antibody and IFN-y responses as early as 2 months post-vaccination. Immune responses in control animals on all three properties remained consistently low, except for slightly elevated IFN-y responses at a few time-points on two properties, concomitant with exposure to @entity281 . Genotype-phenotype association analyses revealed a number of marker genotypes/alleles to be significantly associated with antibody and IFN-y responses. However, the effects of only five genotypes (one each at DYMS1, OLADRB, SMHCC1, OVINRA1 and o(IFN)-y) and three alleles (one each at o(IFN)-y, DYMS1and OLADRB) on IFN-y responses were consistent across the three properties. CONCLUSION: Considering the significance of IFN-y responses in protection against Map, it is possible that the genotypes/alleles identified might have a role in protective immune responses to natural Map infections, and further studies are warranted to confirm this.

title: Association of microsatellite polymorphisms with immune responses to a killed @entity3069 . @entity3068 vaccine in Merino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['natural infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a @entity227 , attention to an event usually modulates the event-related potential (ERP). An ERP-based brain-computer interface (BCI) exploits this neural mechanism for communication. Hitherto, it was unclear to what extent the accuracy of such a BCI requires @entity1319 (overt attention) or whether it is also feasible for targets in the visual periphery (covert attention). Also unclear was how the visual design of the BCI can be improved to meet peculiarities of peripheral vision such as low spatial acuity and crowding. METHOD: Healthy @entity1 (N = 13) performed a copy-spelling task wherein they had to count target intensifications. EEG and @entity1319 were recorded concurrently. First, (c)overt attention was investigated by way of a target fixation condition and a central fixation condition. In the latter, @entity1 had to fixate a dot in the center of the screen and allocate their attention to a target in the visual periphery. Second, the effect of @entity227 was investigated by comparing the symbol Matrix to an ERP-based @entity13500 -o-Spell, a two-levels speller consisting of six discs arranged on an invisible hexagon. RESULTS: We assessed counting errors, ERP amplitudes, and offline classification performance. There is an advantage (i.e., less errors, larger ERP amplitude modulation, better classification) of overt attention over covert attention, and there is also an advantage of the @entity13500 -o-Spell over the Matrix. Using overt attention, P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 components are enhanced by attention. Using covert attention, only N2 and P3 are enhanced for both spellers, and N1 and P2 are modulated when using the @entity13500 -o-Spell but not when using the Matrix. Consequently, classifiers rely mainly on early evoked potentials in overt attention and on later cognitive components in covert attention. CONCLUSIONS: Both overt and covert attention can be used to drive an ERP-based BCI, but performance is markedly lower for covert attention. The @entity13500 -o-Spell outperforms the Matrix, especially when @entity1319 are not permitted, illustrating that performance can be increased if one accounts for peculiarities of peripheral vision.

title: (C)overt attention and XXXX in an ERP-based brain-computer interface.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual speller layout', 'visual oddball paradigm']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movements']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual speller design']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare interferon b-1b (IFNb-1b) and @entity1638 (GA) on new lesion (NL) ( @entity2287 -enhancing, new T2) evolution into permanent black holes ( @entity16050 )--a marker of irreversible tissue damage--in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). METHODS: BEYOND was a large, phase III, clinical trial comparing IFNb-1b 250  g, IFNb-1b 500  g, and GA (2:2:1). @entity1 scans were reexamined post hoc for @entity16050 in a rater-blinded manner. Two predefined coprimary endpoints compared IFNb-1b 250  g with GA: first, number of @entity16050 per @entity1 at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL, then proportion of year 1 NL evolving into @entity16050 at year 2. IFNb-1b 500  g and GA were compared in an exploratory fashion. RESULTS: Approximately 90% (1,957/2,244) of @entity1 had NL at year 1 with follow-up at year 2. Mean numbers of @entity16050 per @entity1 at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL were lower for IFNb-1b 250  g than GA (0.30 vs 0.43; p = 0.0451). The proportion of NL evolving into @entity16050 was similar (IFNb-1b 250  g vs GA: 21.6% vs 23.5%; p > 0.20). For IFNb-1b 500  g, both the mean @entity16050 number per @entity1 at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL (0.26 vs 0.43; p = 0.0037) and proportion of NL evolving into @entity16050 (16.3% vs 23.5%; p = 0.0409) were lower relative to GA. CONCLUSION: IFNb-1b affected @entity16050 development to a similar or better extent than GA. IFNb-1b favorably influences an MRI outcome indicative of permanent tissue destruction in the brains of @entity1 with @entity15 . CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that IFNb-1b is associated with a reduction in MRI @entity16050 formation and evolution compared with GA between years 1 and 2 of treatment.

title: Interferon b-1b and XXXX effects on permanent black hole evolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1638 :: (MESH:C089995,Chemical) :: ['glatiramer acetate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine in the management of @entity158 , @entity1032 , and @entity410 . We evaluated neurosedative and anticonvulsant properties of the @entity1068 leaf extract of O. subscorpioidea (ELEOS). Methods: Effects of ELEOS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25   mg/kg) on novelty-induced behaviors were determined using open field test. Anxiolytic effect of ELEOS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25   mg/kg) was assessed using hole-board and elevated-plus maze paradigms. The effect of O. subscorpioidea on @entity4485 sleeping time was also investigated. Anticonvulsant property of ELEOS (12.5-50   mg/kg) was evaluated using @entity5093 , @entity5094 and @entity1026 -induced @entity410 assays. The extract was administered once intraperitoneally. Results: The LD50 of ELEOS was 300   mg/kg. ELEOS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25   mg/kg) significantly reduced rearing (99.8  2.8, 76.2  2.9, 37.4  1.2, 5.8  0.8) and grooming (48.0  3.6, 33.8  2.9, 25.4  1.6, 7.6  0.8) as compared with controls (185.8  5.1; 63.8  4.3). Treatment with ELEOS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25   mg/kg) significantly reduced head-dipping on hole-board (10.6  1.9, 8.8  1.2, 7.2  0.9, 6.0  1.1) as compared with control (27.8  1.5). However, there was no anxiolytic effect on EPM. ELEOS (12.5, 25, 50   mg/kg) significantly prolonged @entity4485 -induced sleeping time (43.0  1.4, 51.0  1.2, 61.0  1.8) as compared with control (31.0  0.7). At 50   mg/kg, ELEOS significantly prolonged onset of @entity410 (2.72  2.07) and latency to death (9.20  1.24) as compared with controls (0.54  0.02; 2.00  0.44) in @entity5093 -induced @entity410 with no effect on @entity5094 and @entity1026 -induced @entity410 . Conclusion: The ELEOS is sedative and has mild anticonvulsant activity and this study supports pharmacological basis for its use in the management of @entity1032 and @entity410 .

title: Pharmacological Evaluation of Central Nervous System Effects of XXXX Leaf Extract of Olax Subscorpioidea in Experimental Animals.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown antifibrotic effects of @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ) inhibitors as well as of @entity19729 ( @entity19729 ) antagonists, however, prospective trials with clinical end points comparing these effects do not exist. @entity23928 -/- @entity19 develop a non-hypertensive @entity8 . We used this animal model to compare the potential of @entity14206 inhibitor vs @entity19729 antagonist to prevent @entity8 irrespective of blood pressure-dependent involvement by the renin system. METHODS: @entity23928 -/- @entity19 were treated with placebo, @entity3372 or @entity1564 . Blood pressure, @entity644 , serum @entity1133 and lifespan were monitored. Renal matrix was characterized by immuno-histochemistry, light and electron microscopy. Further biochemical analysis was provided using cDNA microarray and western blot techniques. RESULTS: Untreated @entity19 died of @entity177 after 71+/-6 days. @entity3372 and @entity1564 both delayed onset and reduced the extent of @entity644 . Both had minor effects on blood pressure and postponed onset of uraemia. @entity3372 increased lifespan by 111% to 150+/-21 days (P<0.01), whereas @entity1564 resulted in only a 38% prolongation to 98+/-16 days (P<0.01). @entity3372 reduced glomerular and tubulo-interstitial @entity82 and numbers of activated fibroblasts to a greater extent than @entity1564 . Microarray and western blot analysis revealed a higher antifibrotic potential of @entity3372 in terms of downregulation of @entity641 , connective tissue growth factor, metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an antifibrotic, nephroprotective effect of @entity14206 inhibitors and @entity19729 antagonists in an animal model of @entity8 . The greater antifibrotic effect of @entity3372 at the maximal therapeutic doses employed may not be explained by different antiproteinuric or blood pressure lowering properties, but by-in contrast to @entity1564 -its ability to hinder the proinflammatory, profibrotic activation of the angiotensin receptor 2.

title: Antifibrotic, nephroprotective potential of @entity14206 inhibitor vs XXXX antagonist in a @entity19 model of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['progressive renal fibrosis', 'renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

answer: @entity19729 :: (11607(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic @entity490 , and to identify the optimal protocol. DESIGN: Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify @entity1 ' conditions as "emergency" or "nonemergency." Utility analysis was used to identify the preferred protocol and monetary cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the least expensive protocol. SETTING: County emergency medical services (EMS) system with five receiving hospitals serving a mainly urban population of approximately 350,000. @entity1 : Records of 902 @entity1 who called 911 for nontraumatic @entity490 were reviewed; @entity1 not transported were excluded. Twenty-seven county EMS medical directors completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Six ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic @entity490 were developed: indiscriminate-dispatch, four selective protocols, and no-dispatch. A dichotomous classification system was derived prospectively from the prehospital and medical records of @entity1 who had activated the EMS system before the study period to define "emergency" and "nonemergency" conditions associated with nontraumatic @entity490 . Emergency criteria identified @entity1 with conditions requiring medical treatment within 1 hour. Reviewers determined, for each @entity1 , whether an ambulance would have been dispatched by each of the protocols. Undertriage and overtriage rates were calculated for each protocol. County EMS medical directors assigned utility values to four potential outcomes of ambulance dispatch by the direct scaling method. The outcomes comprised correct and incorrect decisions to dispatch ambulances to @entity1 with and without @entity341 . The protocols were compared by decision analysis. A cost analysis was also performed, using an estimated marginal cost per transport of  302. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of varying the cost of an undertriage error and the cost per response. Of the 788 @entity1 included in the study, 7.8% had conditions defined as @entity341 . The four selective ambulance dispatch protocols had overtriage rates ranging from 10% to 51% and undertriage rates of 4% to 7%. None of the protocols was proven superior on the basis of the medical directors' assignment of utility values. The marginal cost of dispatching advanced life support ambulances to all @entity1 with this complaint was  3,838 per emergency. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with nontraumatic @entity490 who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as @entity341 . In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than  3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if an undertriage error costs less than  3,674, no ambulance dispatch is the least expensive strategy.

title: Comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and the @entity137 of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and FOLFOX4 ( @entity1487 / @entity4181 combined and @entity901 ) regimen for advanced @entity356 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with cTNM stage III or IV (M0) @entity356 were enrolled and 39 were randomized into the treatment arm (n=39, @entity1311 combined with FOLFOX4 regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy every two weeks in each cycle) and control group (n=39). Clinical response was evaluated with RECIST criteria after 3 cycles. @entity1 in experimental group received surgery after 2-4 weeks and postoperative chemotherapy of 3 cycles of the original regimen. When disease progressed, postoperative chemotherapy regimen was changed into ECF regimen. The control group of 39 @entity1 received surgery within 2 weeks and postoperative chemotherapy of 6 cycles of @entity1311 combined with FOLFOX4 regimen. RESULTS: The clinical response rate was 66.7% in the treatment arm. The R0 resection rate (59.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.025) and the number of lymph node @entity3 in the treatment arm(3.23  2.80) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.79  2.69, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rate (5.1% vs. 2.6%) and the number of lymph node dissection (19.69  2.95 vs. 20.59  3.22) between the two groups (P>0.05). The median survival time and 2-year survival rate in the treatment arm [(27.10  2.32) months and 59.0%] was significantly higher than that in the control group[(18.20  1.30) months and 28.2%] (P=0.001, P=0.006). Cox regression multivariable analysis showed that @entity5 differentiation, R0 resection, lymph node @entity3 were independent prognostic factors. Adverse reaction of chemotherapy, mainly hematological adverse reactions, and @entity1897 , were tolerable. No significant differences were noted between the two groups in adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of @entity1311 combined with FOLFOX4 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy is high. @entity1 tolerance and compliance are satisfactory. It can improve in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 the R0 resection rate, reduce lymph node @entity3 and improve survival.

title: [A clinical study of XXXX combined with FOLFOX4 regimen as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: AIMS: @entity8 (EAML) is only described in case reports or in multi-institutional small series. The aim was to report cases seen at our institution and to perform a meta-analysis based on a literature review. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six EAML cases seen at our institution were reviewed and a meta-analysis performed using cases retrieved from a literature review. There were a total of 69 cases for review. The male:female ratio was 1:3. In the absence of areas of typical @entity3052 , useful features in distinguishing EAML from epithelial @entity703 include: extreme degree of cytological atypia, histiocytoid appearance, presence of melanocytic pigments, solid architecture with the absence of frequent areas of alveolar pattern, tubulo-papillary formation and @entity2318 . A fatal outcome, distant or lymph node @entity3 , venous invasion and local recurrence were considered as adverse events and occurred in 40% of cases over a period of follow-up of 3-60 months (mean 22.5 +/- 18 months). Tumours with an unfavourable outcome showing marked cytological atypia and extensive @entity5 @entity39 were larger (135 +/- 43 mm) than those with a favourable outcome (79 +/- 50 mm) (P < 0.002), and predominantly occurred in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity703 with certain unusual features should be investigated immunohistochemically to rule out the possibility of EAML. The frequency of adverse outcome is lower in EAML than in @entity1358 .

title: XXXX : a study of six cases and a meta-analytic study. Development of criteria for screening the entity with prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal neoplasms', 'renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine changes of @entity18515 expression in distal colon and the sensitivity of colonic muscle to SLIGRL- @entity2733 , the @entity18515 -activating peptide ( @entity18515 -AP) following @entity6835 . @entity14341 was administrated intragastrically in healthy male @entity35 to induce @entity6835 . The effect of SLIGRL- @entity2733 on the motility of colonic muscle strips were examined. The expression of @entity18515 was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Intragastric administration of @entity14341 induced acute @entity32 at the mucosa of the distal colon at 4-11 days, and the @entity32 disappeared 18 days later. @entity18515 -AP-induced @entity4524 insensitive relaxation of the colonic muscle strips. This inhibitory effect on colonic circular muscle strips was reduced on days 11-35, but the @entity5402 -induced contraction did not change. @entity18515 was located at the colon smooth muscles cells and myenteric nerve plexus. The amount of @entity18515 expression in distal colon was down regulated on days 11-35. These data indicated that @entity6835 exerted a long-term downregulation on the expression of @entity18515 in distal colon. This might be the reason of the low sensitivity of the colon circular muscle strips to the @entity18515 -AP-induced relaxation following intragastric administration of @entity14341 .

title: Long-term downregulation of protease-activated receptor-2 expression in distal colon in @entity35 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary dysentery']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['S.flexneri', 'Shigella flexneri']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity6835 :: (MESH:D004405,Disease) :: ['bacillary dysentery']


abstract: @entity788 represent 10-15% of primary cystic masses of the pancreas. While @entity45 are detected with an increasing frequency due to the use of advanced imaging modalities in clinical practice, the diagnosis of @entity788 remains unsatisfactory because available diagnostic techniques proved not sensitive enough so far. This study was designed to characterize the proteomic pattern of pancreatic cyst fluids obtained from various @entity5409 . Cyst fluids were collected by direct puncture during open surgery to avoid any possible contamination from other tissues. CEA, CA-19-9, and amylase concentrations were measured using specific immunoassays. After immunodepletion and fractionation by SDS-PAGE, proteins were digested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Specific histological lesions were found to be associated with distinct protein patterns. Interestingly, some of these proteins have been proposed as biomarkers of @entity788 . Immunoblots allowed for verifying the differential expression in specific cyst fluids of two selected proteins, @entity5905 and @entity3558 -18. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to correlate these data with the expression pattern of @entity5905 and @entity3558 -18 in pancreatic cyst tissues. Results from this study indicate that proteomic analysis of cyst fluid could provide reliable candidates for developing new biomarkers for the preoperative management of malignant and premalignant @entity45 .

title: Role of proteomics to differentiate between benign and potentially malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cystic neoplasms', 'Pancreatic cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous in  vitro and in  vivo results suggested that @entity1862 (HU) and @entity1855 could suppress @entity1653 growth individually and synergistically. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of this approach for the treatment of refractory recurrent/progressive @entity1653 and expanded our studies in a xenograft orthotopic @entity19 model. METHODS: Six @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 26-76 years (median, 56 years), with magnetic resonance imaging-proven progression of >= 25% in cross-sectional area of recurrent @entity1653 (2 World Health Organization grade I, 5 grade II) within the preceding 6 months received HU 1000 or 1500 mg/day (20 mg/kg/day, twice daily) as well as @entity1855 sustained-release tablets with dose escalation every 2 weeks (120-240 mg/day). They underwent magnetic resonance imaging every 3 months during therapy. To augment the clinical trial results, we performed @entity19 orthotopic xenograft experiments using similar dosing to test @entity5 growth, vascularity, and drug bioavailability. RESULTS: After a mean of 8.1 cycles of treatment, the @entity1 demonstrated no significant radiographic responses during mean follow-up of 14.5    4.8 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.0 months, and 6-month PFS was 85%. Side effects occurred in 6 (86%) @entity1 . Xenograft studies showed no effect of individual or combined treatments on @entity1653 growth. Neither HU  nor @entity1855 was detectable in @entity19 @entity1313 tissue despite adequate serum levels within therapeutic ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed no effect of HU or @entity1855 on @entity5 recurrence, PFS, and in  vivo @entity5 burden reduction. Drug delivery to the @entity5 may be a major limitation.

title: Combined Hydroxyurea and @entity1855 in the Clinical Treatment of XXXX : @entity1 and Orthotopic Xenograft Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Refractory Meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: Four @entity1 (1 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , mean age 43.5 years) with @entity189 were analyzed clinicopathologically. RESULTS: The four @entity189 @entity1 accounted for 1.3% of 308 @entity1 having spleen biopsy from 1959 to 1999. Their chief presentations were @entity158 and mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The mass was located in the upper pole of the spleen (1 @entity1 ), the lower pole of the spleen (2), or the lower pole and hilum of the spleen (1). Macroscopically, all of the lesions were nodular. Histologic type of these MCSs included @entity3981 (2 @entity1 ), transverse @entity694 (1). Clinically, 1 @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity189 and 3 were misdiagnosed. According to Chinese literature, the clinicopathologic features of @entity189 were as follows: (1) 66.7% of the @entity1 with @entity189 were aged 30 approximately 60 years, with a mean of 51.2 years. (2) 76.3% of the @entity1 presented with @entity158 in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and 63.2% with @entity381 and splenic masses. (3) Macroscopically, nodular lesions accounted for 68.4%. (4) Microscopically, 84.2% of the lesions were @entity420 and 70.3% originated from @entity96 . (5) B-mode ultrasonography and/or CT showed occupying lesions or masses in the spleen in 76.7%, and @entity189 in 11.8%. (6) Clinically, 73.7% of the @entity1 were misdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 is uncommon but its clinical misdiagnosis rate is high. Image examination is of value in clinical diagnosis. Cooperation of clinicians and pathologists may enhance the diagnostic level of @entity189 .

title: [Clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the colon, liver, ovary and pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['MCS', 'metastatic carcinoma to the spleen']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma (1), and hepatic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['metastatic carcinoma to the spleen']


abstract: Voltage-operated @entity460 channels (VOCCs) play a significant role in the regulation of intracellular @entity460 concentrations in cardiovascular, neuronal and skeletal tissues. Therefore, physiologically relevant screening methods for @entity460 channel modulators are required. A 45 @entity141 uptake assay based on clonal @entity35 pituitary cell line GH4C1, possessing L-type VOCCs, was miniaturised into a 96-well plate format. The assay was validated by known @entity141 channel blockers, @entity1855 and @entity3931 (IC50 values 3.4 and 0.007 microM, respectively) and by a set of natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives. The results were consistent with our previous data and demonstrated the reliability of the assay. The signal-to-background ratio was 3.9 +/- 0.4, signal-to-noise ratio 10.3 +/- 2.3, Z' factor 0.59 +/- 0.10, and day-to-day variability in positive control values 5%. Furthermore, experiments were also made on a Biomek FX workstation to evaluate the suitability of the assay for automation. With minor modifications the assay is applicable, e.g. for studying possible @entity141 channel activators in detail. The established 96-well plate assay modification for screening of @entity460 channel modulators reduces considerably the time, labour and resources needed for cell culture and experiments, and has significant advantages in terms of automation suitability and overall cost-efficiency.

title: Miniaturisation and validation of a cell-based assay for screening of XXXX channel modulators.

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity299 and the coronary artery lesions of @entity1 suffering from @entity573 were evaluated by cardiovascular angiography using a newly developed rotary three-dimensional digital angiography method, and the usefulness of the device was examined. This method enable the observation of lesions from 144 directions within a 180 degree range depicting an image from optimal directions. In addition, the radiation exposure during one angiography was about one fifth of that of conventional cineangiography. With regard to the lesions of the coronary artery, identification of the localization of the stenotic lesions were made possible, especially at bifurcations, or the stenotic lesions overlapping with other bifurcations or @entity574 as well as the structure at the ostium of the left and right coronary arteries, which were difficult to identify using conventional coronary artery angiography. For the case of @entity1 ductus arteriosus or @entity432 ( @entity432 ), separation and imaging of the overlap with other blood vessels through the three-dimensional observation became possible. This method is effective for the evaluation of the site, direction and morphology of these arteries. With regard to @entity850 of the right ventricular outflow tract, the morphology and the degree of @entity850 could be evaluated more accurately than by conventional cineangiography. In addition, the images matched well with the operative findings. This method was also effective for the diagnosis and evaluation of the @entity850 at the main pulmonary artery and @entity850 of the bifurcation of the right and left pulmonary arteries overlapping with the main trunk of the pulmonary artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An evaluation of coronary artery lesions of @entity573 and XXXX using rotary three dimensional digital cardiovascular angiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['major aortopulmonary collateral artery', 'MAPCA']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: The protective action of @entity219 compounds in @entity30 in animals has been shown. A similar action of @entity17562 on @entity31 has not been defined. The present study aimed to delineate the protective action of @entity17562 and the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity17563 ( @entity17564 )-induced @entity31 in @entity35 . @entity17562 at different concentrations was given either orally (p.o.) or rectally (p.r.) to @entity35 at 42, 48, 66 and 72 h following the induction of @entity32 by DNBS. @entity35 were killed 96 h after instillation of DNBS rectally to assess the severity of @entity1049 , @entity1589 and @entity3624 oxidase activities. The involvement of mast cell degranulation and @entity112 release in the pathogenesis of DNBS-induced @entity1960 was determined by using a mast cell stabilizer ( @entity6850 ) and @entity112 receptor blockers ( @entity9691 and @entity5616 ). DNBS given rectally produced @entity32 and ulceration in @entity35 with a pathology resembling @entity31 . @entity1589 activity but not @entity3624 oxidase activity was sharply increased by this agent. Intrarectal administration of @entity219 solution and parenteral injection of @entity112 blockers significantly reduced tissue damage and @entity1589 but not @entity3624 oxidase activity. @entity6850 , a mast cell stabilizer, also significantly @entity3137 and @entity1589 activity in the colon. In conclusion, mast cell degranulation followed by @entity112 release plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DNBS-induced @entity31 . @entity219 given rectally has a therapeutic effect against this @entity1960 model, perhaps through the reduction of @entity32 and inhibition of the above pathogenic mechanisms.

title: Delineation of the protective action of @entity17562 on XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'colonic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen', 'Ketotifen']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['Zinc sulfate', 'zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1589 :: ('303413(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Myeloperoxidase', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease-like inflammatory bowel disease"]

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['decreased mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic damage']

entities_list: @entity17563 :: ('MESH:C001073', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Introduction. @entity5 is a rare @entity5 often treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. However, the utility of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, particularly when the @entity5 is resistant to chemotherapy alone, has not been established. In this study, we report a case of pT3cN3M0 @entity957 with progression of @entity66 on chemotherapy, which was cured with use of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation. Case Report. A 65-year-old male presented with a fixed left inguinal lymph node with associated firmness of the penile glans. Biopsies of both sites revealed evidence of @entity957 . The @entity1 underwent partial penectomy for the @entity75 and began neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the size of the unresectable left inguinal node. However, he displayed disease progression in the left inguinal node. As such, we attempted concurrent chemoradiation therapy with regression of his @entity66 . The @entity1 was able to undergo left inguinal node dissection and has no evidence of disease 18 months since his initial surgery. Conclusion. The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for bulky cN2-3 disease seems appropriate in the setting of progressive disease. Further studies are necessary to assess the utility of concurrent chemoradiation both in the neoadjuvant and salvage setting.

title: Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation for curative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Penile cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'penile squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to further characterize Limited Joint Mobility (LJM) of the hand using quantitative goniometric measurements among Black Africans with @entity6 and @entity6 . METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 63 normal controls matched for age and gender were purposively selected. Visual clinical examination and quantitative goniometric assessment of @entity1 with @entity3918 and non- @entity3918 controls were done. The LJM was graded using the criteria of Silverstein et al. Glycaemic control and @entity644 were also assessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of LJM among @entity164 2 @entity3918 @entity1 was 26.3% compared with 4.8% in normal controls. Subjects with LJM within the control group were significantly older than those with LJM within the @entity3918 group (p < 0.05). Prayer sign was 11.8% in @entity3918 @entity1 compared with 4.8% of control. The flattening sign demonstrated by the inability to flatten their hands on a flat surface was more in @entity1 with @entity3918 (10.5%) compared with 4.8% in the control group. Stage II LJM with 18.4% prevalence was the commonest followed by Stage III (7.9%) among @entity1 with @entity3918 . Poor glycaemic control was found in 85%, using fasting plasma @entity413 and 70%, using 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 (2 hpp). CONCLUSION: We conclude that Black Africans with @entity164 2 @entity3918 only have moderately severe cases of LJM.

title: Assessment of limited joint mobility of the hand in Black Africans with XXXX and in non-diabetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with post-streptococcal acute @entity631 , age mean: 8.3 years (range: 6 - 12) were studied prospectively. Mean initial hematocrit (Hct) was 31.6% with 90% showing Hct under the normal lower limit for this age group. Reticulocyte index (RI) was < 0.5 in half of the cases. Serum @entity68 concentration, total @entity68 binding capacity (TIBC) and percentage of @entity69 saturation were normal for this age group although 75% of the @entity1 had increased serum ferritin levels. At the time of discharge, Hct increased to 35.1% but 44% still had @entity417 . Hct increased spontaneously for 105 days stabilizing at 38%. Based on Hct changes, 3 groups were defined: Group I (3 individuals): normal upon discharge; Group II (19): partial recovery at discharge, slow recovery stabilizing after 105 days; Group III (11): lower Hct, slower recovery but with RI significantly higher than group II (0.96 vs 0.45 p < 0.01). Our data suggest that although hemodilution is present in all, it may be considered the solely factor only in 3 cases (Group I). In group II, evidence of @entity236 was indicated by the low RI. On the other hand, the intense @entity417 that could not be justified only by hemodilution and @entity308 in group III, suggests other pathogenic factors.

title: [ XXXX associated with acute post streptococcal @entity631 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence to inform the management of @entity1 with @entity1204 who are not candidates for hysterectomy, and treatment alternatives have not been compared directly in randomized trials. We analyzed the prognostic factors and outcomes for @entity1 with stage I or II @entity1204 in the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results public database. METHODS: We identified a cohort of @entity1 with stage I-II @entity1204 who were managed without hysterectomy and who were diagnosed during 1989 to 2010. @entity1 with prior @entity5 were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed to test associations between @entity1 characteristics, radiotherapy modality, and overall and @entity1204 -specific survival. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of radiation therapy (RT) type on survival outcomes after adjusting for other factors. RESULTS: Among the 997 @entity1 included in the analyses, 605 received no RT (60.7%), 207 (20.8%) received external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone, and 185 (18.6%) received brachytherapy, either alone or in combination with EBRT. After adjusting for other @entity5 and demographic factors, RT type was not associated with overall or @entity1204 -specific survival. Significant predictors of survival included: @entity5 stage and grade, age at diagnosis, and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 in this population-based cohort with early-stage @entity1204 managed without hysterectomy, the delivery of brachytherapy was not associated with improved survival, compared with EBRT alone. It seems worthwhile to pursue future clinical trials to evaluate definitive EBRT-alone strategies, omitting brachytherapy, for selected @entity1 with medically inoperable @entity1204 .

title: Definitive Radiation Therapy for Stage I-II Endometrial XXXX : An Observational Study of Nonoperative Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: This investigation studied the functional and energetic effects of the novel positive inotropic agent @entity20511 and the negative inotropic agent @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ) in the paced Langendorff-perfused @entity35 heart. @entity20511 is a @entity460 -sensitizing agent that has previously been shown to increase contractility without affecting @entity460 transients. Its effects were compared with that of @entity452 , which increases contractility by increasing @entity460 transient amplitude. @entity20511 (2 microM) and @entity452 (0.2 microM) induced a 40% increase in developed pressure. Myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) increased significantly with @entity452 . However, there was no significant change in MVO2 with @entity20511 . There was no change in @entity1391 metabolite concentrations as detected by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance with either agent. @entity880 production and basal metabolism were unaffected by either agent. Thus @entity20511 increased contractility in a more energetically economical manner than did @entity452 . Contractility was decreased with @entity18650 , an intracellular @entity460 chelator that decreases contractility by binding free @entity460 . The metabolic effects of @entity18650 (2.2 microM) were compared with those of @entity1855 (10 nM), an agent which decreases @entity460 fluxes. Both agents decreased developed pressure 60%. MVO2 decreased 14% with @entity18650 and 50% with @entity1855 . Neither agent altered the concentrations of @entity1391 metabolites, @entity880 production, or basal metabolism. Thus @entity18650 lowered contractility in a less energetically economical manner than @entity1855 . These data suggest that in @entity35 hearts, inotropic agents with different effects on @entity460 handling have different effects on energetics.

title: Functional and energetic effects of the inotropic agents @entity20511 and @entity18650 on the isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Platelets are involved in the initiation of @entity731 by adherence to inflamed endothelium. Monocytes bind to these platelets and transmigrate into the vessel wall, transforming into macrophages and foam cells. We have previously shown that lipid-laden platelets are phagocytosed by macrophages. In this study we investigated the functional consequences of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake on platelet function and interaction with the endothelium. @entity1 platelets were isolated from healthy donors and activated by @entity857 . Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that oxLDL is located intracellularly in vesicles. With mepacrine costaining and confocal microtomography, we were able to identify dense granules as the vesicles that contain oxLDL. OxLDL-laden platelets induced @entity2071 expression in endothelial cells more than exogenous native LDL, oxLDL, and oxLDL-negative platelets. Furthermore, oxLDL-laden platelets induced foam cell development from @entity2280 (+) progenitor cells. On endothelial regeneration, oxLDL-laden platelets had the opposite effect: The number of @entity2280 (+) progenitor cells (colony-forming units) able to transform into endothelial cells was significantly reduced in the presence of oxLDL-platelets, whereas native LDL had no effect. Our results demonstrate that activated platelets internalize oxLDL and that oxLDL-laden platelets activate endothelium, inhibit endothelial regeneration, and promote foam cell development. Platelet oxLDL contributes significantly to @entity32 and is able to promote @entity731 .

title: Oxidized LDL-activated platelets induce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['vascular inflammation']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of somatic and @entity4148 concurrently in @entity5710 and @entity6 subjects in the general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nerve conduction and heart rate variability studies were used for detecting both types of @entity3949 . Of 1,576 inhabitants, 143 @entity1 were identified as @entity5710 or having @entity6 . One hundred and thirty-three @entity1 completed a nerve conduction test and 118 @entity1 a valid heart rate variability test. Significant correlates responsible for @entity3949 were also collected. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of definite, probable and no @entity16 were 9.0% (12/133), 20.3% (27/133) and 70.7% (94/133), respectively. The corresponding figures for @entity4148 were 14.4% (17/118), 54.2% (64/118) and 31.4% (37/118). The prevalence rate for the presence of both @entity16 was 16.9%. In a univariate analysis, age, @entity177 , HbA1c and fasting @entity413 level were significantly associated with @entity16 whereas only systolic blood pressure was statistically significantly associated with @entity4148 . In a multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure and fasting @entity413 level were positively associated with @entity16 and systolic blood pressure remained statistically significant for @entity4148 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity4148 is twofold compared with @entity16 . Concurrence of the two kinds of @entity16 was approximately half of sole @entity16 and a quarter of sole @entity4148 . Systolic blood pressure and fasting @entity413 level were related to @entity16 whereas only systolic blood pressure was correlated with @entity4148 .

title: Prevalence and risk factors of @entity4148 in @entity5710 and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['somatic neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Replacement therapy in @entity1887 comprises treatment with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and adrenal @entity342 precursors. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy in newly diagnosed @entity1887 leads to rapid and impressive improvements. However, despite the use of established replacement concepts, well-being is often not fully restored in @entity1 with @entity1887 , and life expectancy may even be reduced. This has led to a reconsideration of current replacement strategies. Several studies demonstrate that addition of @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) to the treatment regimen may lead to further improvement of general well-being and also sexual function. However, long-term trials with @entity2494 are still lacking, and @entity2494 alone is not able to restore subjective health status to normal. Further innovations comprise the development of delayed-release glucocorticoid preparations that better allow mimicking of circadian @entity701 secretion and may have the potential to significantly improve the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1887 . However, future studies have to prove the clinical importance of physiological @entity701 day profiles. To date, no relevant risk factors for susceptibility to @entity774 are known, and @entity1 education is key for a successful prevention strategy. In our experience the well-educated @entity1 often guides the physician not familiar with this disease.

title: Therapeutic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal crisis']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the literature regarding the use of intravenous @entity1456 (tPA) in the treatment of acute @entity385 , focusing on the appropriate usage criteria and administration time window. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed and MEDLINE search was performed (1990-November 2010) using the key words alteplase, @entity1456 , thrombolytic, @entity385 , and @entity64 . STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trials published in English were evaluated and relevant primary literature evaluating the use of tPA in acute @entity385 was included. DATA SYNTHESIS: The NINDS (National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 ) trial revealed clinical efficacy of tPA in the treatment of acute @entity385 when administered within 3 hours of @entity64 symptom onset and served as the foundation for the American Heart Association/American @entity64 Association (AHA/ASA) acute @entity385 guideline recommendations. The ECASS (European Cooperative Acute @entity64 Study) I, ECASS II, and ATLANTIS (Alteplase Thrombolysis for Acute Noninterventional Therapy in @entity385 ), part A and B, trials each assessed the efficacy of @entity865 when administered beyond 3 hours of @entity385 onset, but the results of each trial did not support its use beyond 3 hours. The ECASS III trial showed clinical efficacy of tPA when administered up to 4.5 hours. The SITS-MOST (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 -Monitoring Study) and SITS-ISTR (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 International @entity64 Thrombolysis Register) registries evaluated the safety and efficacy of tPA at both 3 and 4.5 hours and showed promising results. In 2009, the AHA/ASA @entity64 guidelines were updated to support the use of tPA in select @entity1 up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: tPA is effective when administered up to 4.5 hours after @entity385 symptom onset in select @entity1 . However, timely administration remains paramount to achievement of optimal therapeutic outcomes.

title: Role of @entity1456 in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity972 and @entity1760 deficiency prolong the QT interval on a standard electrocardiogram and predispose the @entity1 to dangerous @entity943 . No information is available on QT interval in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4861 . METHODS: The QT interval was assessed on lead II in 27 @entity1 with biochemically and genetically defined @entity4861 , who had discontinued medical treatment for at least four weeks. They included 15 female and 12 male subjects, aged 6.7 to 40 years old, median 20 years old. The corrected QT interval was calculated from the measured QT interval and heart rate using the Bazett formula. RESULTS: The corrected QT interval was normal (between 391 and 433 msec) in 16 and prolonged in the remaining 11 @entity1 (between 444 and 504 msec). @entity1 with prolonged and @entity1 with normal QT interval did not significantly differ with respect to female to male ratio, plasma @entity972 , plasma total @entity1760 , and plasma ionized @entity460 . Plasma @entity1372 and @entity2865 values were slightly but significantly lower and @entity3157 levels higher in @entity1 with a prolonged than in those with a normal QT interval. CONCLUSIONS: The corrected QT interval is often pathologically prolonged in @entity1 with @entity4861 , suggesting that there is an increased risk for development of @entity943 . Further investigations are required in @entity1 with a prolonged QT interval to assess the true hazard of @entity943 .

title: Electrocardiogram with prolonged QT XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['Gitelman disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'dangerous arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity4861 :: (MESH:D053579,Disease) :: ['interval in Gitelman disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous findings have demonstrated that chronotype (morningness/intermediate/eveningness) is correlated with cognitive functions, that is, @entity1 show higher mental performance when they do a test at their preferred time of day. Empirical studies found a relationship between morningness and higher learning achievement at school and university. However, only a few of them controlled for other moderating and mediating variables. In this study, we included chronotype, gender, conscientiousness and test @entity148 in a @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) with grade point average (GPA) as @entity4207 achievement outcome. @entity1 were 158 high school students and results revealed that @entity1 and @entity1 differed in GPA and test @entity148 significantly, with @entity1 reporting better grades and higher test @entity148 . Moreover, there was a positive correlation between conscientiousness and GPA (r = 0.17) and morningness (r = 0.29), respectively, and a negative correlation between conscientiousness and test @entity148 (r = -0.22). The @entity2383 demonstrated that gender was the strongest predictor of @entity4207 achievement. Lower test @entity148 predicted higher GPA in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Additionally, chronotype as moderator revealed a significant association between gender and GPA for evening types and intermediate types, while intermediate types showed a significant relationship between test @entity148 and GPA. Our results suggest that gender is an essential predictor of @entity4207 achievement even stronger than low or absent test @entity148 . Future studies are needed to explore how gender and chronotype act together in a longitudinal panel design and how chronotype is mediated by conscientiousness in the prediction of @entity4207 achievement.

title: The role of chronotype, gender, test XXXX , and conscientiousness in @entity4207 achievement of high school students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'Participants', 'girls', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation model', 'SEM']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Meat inspection in the EU is based on Regulation (EC) 854/2004. Accordingly a risk based meat inspection should be implemented. In this paper, the incision of the heart in @entity1707 meat inspection is discussed with respect to efficacy. The incision especially can reveal the presence of @entity884 . Here, Erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae ( @entity13553 ) and/or Streptococcussuis ( @entity11769 ) are of particular concern. Both agents are regarded to be zoonotic agents. There is some evidence for infection of @entity1 via an alimentary pathway. Hence, the occurrence of @entity13553 and @entity11769 is a concern of public health (PH) as well as veterinary public health (VPH). However, other measures, including on-farm disease prevention and diagnosis, seem to be more important for food safety. It is concluded that the incision and inspection of the heart is not justifiable with respect to PH aspects.

title: Incision of the heart during meat inspection of fattening XXXX - A risk-profile approach.

entities_list: @entity13553 :: ('1648', 'Species') :: ['E. rhusiopathiae']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and its progressive form, @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ), are among the least understood metabolic consequences of @entity28 . Increasingly, omental adipose tissue is recognized as a biologically active organ in the pathogenesis of @entity1561 . Differences in transcriptional regulation in omental adipose tissue and liver tissue may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of @entity1561 and its progression. METHODS: Transcriptional profiles were obtained for liver and visceral adipose specimens of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. Functional analyses with the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base (IPKB) and @entity9348 4.0 software identified genes that potentially play hepatoprotective roles as well as those potentially involved in the pathogenesis of @entity7936 . @entity310 and @entity650 were measured in the serum samples. RESULTS: Tissue from @entity1 with @entity7936 showed prominent adipose-specific deregulation of genes related to @entity32 and the immune system. A number of liver and adipose-specific functional networks, including those centered at @entity310 , @entity1178 / @entity11346 , and @entity379 were highlighted as related to the @entity7936 pathogenesis. The results also showed compensatory increases in hepatic detoxification enzymes and decreases in the gene network controlled by transcription factor @entity14373 . CONCLUSION: Our findings support the hypothesis that adipocyte secretion plays an important role in the development of @entity1561 .

title: Gene expression patterns in hepatic tissue and visceral adipose tissue of XXXX with @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']