abstract: SUMMARY: In renal transplantation, postischemic @entity810 ( @entity810 ) develops in more than 20% of @entity1 . We investigated whether tubular epithelial cells obtained from donor kidneys without subsequent @entity810 express a different pattern of survival genes, compared with cells from kidneys exhibiting @entity810 . Donor kidney biopsy specimens were obtained before transplantation from eight recipients of cadaveric kidneys with primary graft function (CAD-PF), eight @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity810 without rejection (CAD- @entity810 ), and eight recipients of living donor kidneys with primary graft function (LIV). One thousand proximal tubular epithelial cells per biopsy specimen were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Quantitative analysis of apoptosis and the apoptosis regulatory genes @entity588 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 were performed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 - @entity1859 nick-end labeling staining and real-time PCR, respectively. Primary cultures of @entity1 proximal tubular epithelial cells served as calibrator. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in CAD- @entity810 compared with LIV and CAD-PF (1.5 +/- 1.1% [p < 0.05] vs. 0.3 +/- 0.2% vs. 0.4 +/- 0.2%; mean +/- SD). The apoptosis inhibitors @entity588 and @entity1836 were significantly up-regulated in renal tubular cells of recipients without @entity810 compared with CAD- @entity810 . The ratios of @entity588 / @entity7501 normalized to calibrator were as follows: LIV 48 +/- 30, CAD-PF 38 +/- 55, and CAD- @entity810 5 +/- 7 (p < 0.05). The corresponding ratios for @entity1836 were as follows: LIV 6 +/- 6, CAD-PF 5 +/- 3, and CAD- @entity810 1 +/- 1 (p < 0.05). No difference in the expression of the proapoptotic @entity589 could be observed. These data suggest that failure of proximal tubular cells to respond to injury by up-regulation of survival factors from the @entity588 family contributes to postischemic @entity810 in @entity1 after cadaveric renal transplantation.

title: Failure of XXXX up-regulation in proximal tubular epithelial cells of donor kidney biopsy specimens is associated with apoptosis and delayed graft function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL-2']


abstract: Serum @entity1254 has been reported to inversely correlate with the degree of adiposity in @entity1 . However, the relative contribution of @entity1254 -dependent signaling to the development of @entity209 in @entity28 is unclear. We overfed prepubertal, male @entity35 a high-fat diet via total enteral nutrition. Excessive caloric intake led to @entity28 , increased body weight and fat mass; @entity2299 ; ectopic fat deposition; and @entity3190 (P<.05). Expression of @entity844 transporter FAT/ @entity19182 was elevated in both liver and skeletal muscle (P<.05). Hepatic Akt phosphorylation was elevated (P<.05) and @entity19183 protein in hepatic nuclear extracts was reduced (P<.05) in the face of @entity3190 , whereas no increase in Akt phosphorylation or decrease in nuclear @entity19183 was observed in skeletal muscle. Overfeeding increased serum @entity1254 concentration from 24.6  1.9  g/ml to 46.3  5.9  g/ml (P<.004), and positively correlated with increased adipose tissue mass. The expression of the inflammatory cytokine tumor @entity39 factor a in the adipose tissue was unchanged. @entity1254 -mediated @entity860 ( @entity860 ) kinase phosphorylation, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-a expression and the expression of genes involved in @entity844 oxidation were elevated in both liver and muscle (P<.05). These data (1) demonstrate that excessive intake of a high-fat diet in young @entity35 results in " @entity1254 -independent" increases in ectopic fat deposition and @entity3190 , (2) suggest that @entity844 transport is a major mechanism underlying ectopic fat deposition, (3) demonstrate tissue-specific differences in the response of Akt-FoxO signaling to @entity3190 following the development of @entity4806 and (4) suggest age-related differences in the role of @entity1254 in pathological responses associated with @entity28 .

title: XXXX and ectopic fat deposition can develop in the face of hyperadiponectinemia in young @entity28 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate', 'AMP']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case management provided by @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is effective in improving primary care for @entity308 @entity1 . Little is known on the implementation-related aspects of case management performed in small family practices. OBJECTIVE: To explore family doctors' perspectives on clinical and organizational aspects of implementation of case management and perceived practice-related aspects associated with @entity1 care after 1 year's experience of @entity283 providing case management for @entity308 @entity1 in their practices. METHODS: This qualitative study was nested in a cluster-randomized trial on case management provided by practice-based @entity283 for @entity1 with @entity308 in Germany. We used semi-structured interview guides and performed audio-taped interviews with family doctors. Full transcription and thematic content analysis were carried out. RESULTS: Twenty-three family doctors were interviewed. The family doctors perceived case management as beneficial to @entity1 and reported that it improved their consultation styles and doctor- @entity1 relationships. They implemented case management elements into their everyday day work using 'concrete', 'subsumed' or 'progressive' implementation styles. CONCLUSIONS: Family doctors perceived practice-based case management by @entity283 as beneficial for @entity1 care. Different implementation styles may be appropriate, depending on the health care setting, and this requires further evaluation.

title: Practice-based XXXX case management in primary care: a qualitative study on family doctors' perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care assistants', 'HCAs']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity73 is a very common complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The principal cause of postoperative @entity73 is thought to be cerebral microemboli during CPB. We recently investigated the effects of perfusionist interventions and aortic cannulation techniques on @entity999 during coronary bypass (CABG) surgery. @entity1 undergoing isolated CABG were monitored with continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral artery. Perfusionist interventions were defined as injections of drugs into the CPB circuit or acquisition of blood samples from the CPB circuit. @entity1 were randomized to receive either standard cannulation of the ascending aorta or cannulation of the distal aortic arch. @entity999 were detected in all @entity1 . The number of emboli per minute was markedly higher during perfusionist interventions than during other time periods. @entity1 with increased perfusionist interventions had worse neuropsychological outcomes. Cannulation of the distal aortic arch, with placement of the cannula tip beyond the cerebral vessels, resulted in significantly less @entity999 than cannulation of the ascending aorta. Perfusionist interventions are a common source of cerebral microemboli during CPB, and may contribute to postoperative @entity73 . Care should be taken to minimize the introduction of air into the bypass circuit during CPB. Provided it is performed safely, distal aortic arch cannulation is a useful technique for @entity999 during cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX during cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of perfusionist interventions and aortic cannulas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'neuropsychological impairment', 'Neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli production', 'Cerebral emboli', 'reducing cerebral emboli', 'cerebral emboli']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['Cerebral emboli']


abstract: This report describes the findings of preclinical testing of @entity19211 , a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in @entity2659 @entity19 over a wide range of doses, in which the heart and reproductive organs of both sexes demonstrated toxic effects. Repeat-dose @entity137 studies assessed 5, 15, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day, orally by gavage, for one or three months. Findings included higher testes and ovary weights and lower uterus weights (> or =200 mg/kg), small ovaries/uterus (> or =400 mg/kg), and histopathologic changes of large corpora lutea and @entity43 at 200 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, chronic @entity296 of the heart base occurred at 100 mg/kg. Vaginal staging of the estrous cycle revealed persistent diestrus. There was no histopathologic correlate or morphometric change to explain higher testes weights. A pilot fertility and early embryonic developmental @entity137 study assessing doses of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day produced complementary results. Females had prolonged or abnormal estrous cycles, fewer successful pregnancies, @entity2670 , and decreased size of live litters owing to fetal resorptions. Male fertility was not affected. However, males had a 25% increase in testes weights at all doses. The pharmacology of specific PDE4 isoenzymes may explain both the reproductive and cardiac findings.

title: @entity296 of @entity19211 , a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian atrophy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['increased ovarian corpora lutea']

answer: @entity2659 :: (111334(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD-1']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of and associated risks for falls and @entity174 after gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity28 and to determine the clinical signs of @entity604 . The sample consisted of 167 individuals at a mean age of 47 years (SD = 10). Ten @entity1 (6%) reported a decrease in height since surgery, and 33 (20%) reported a decrease in height since they were 20 years old. Eight @entity1 (5%) reported postoperative @entity174 . Twenty-three @entity1 (13.8%) reported falling once since surgery, and 34 (20.4%) reported falling two or more times since surgery. Twelve @entity1 reported a new diagnosis of @entity170 postoperatively, and 1 @entity1 reported a new diagnosis of @entity2331 . Sixty-seven percent (n = 112) of the @entity1 were never advised to undergo a bone density test postoperatively. The findings from this study suggest that @entity604 is a critical issue in this @entity1 population, with 25% (n = 42) reporting a decrease in height, 8% (n = 13) reporting a new diagnosis of @entity170 or @entity2331 , and 5% (n = 8) reporting @entity174 during a mean postoperative interval of 2.4 years. In addition, risk for @entity2100 is profound in this cohort of individuals, with 34% (n = 57) indicating a history of one or more falls postoperatively. The results from this study clearly indicate a need for early recognition of @entity604 in this population so that timely interventions can be initiated to prevent further loss and subsequent @entity174 .

title: Incidence of @entity604 , falls, and @entity174 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal fragility']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and their major @entity1675 and @entity3294 --are subnormal in most @entity1 with @entity3295 . However, the pathophysiology of low-plasma @entity1675 and @entity3294 is unclear. The kinetic parameters (turnover) of HDL @entity1675 and @entity3294 were studied in six lean @entity1 with primary @entity2101 associated with @entity3295 and five normolipidemic controls. Autologous 125I labeled HDL were injected intravenously (IV; 25 microCi) and blood samples drawn ten minutes after the injection and periodically thereafter for 12 days. Urine samples were collected daily and their radioactivity measured. Kinetic parameters were calculated from the area under the decay curve using three exponentials. Mean plasma @entity1675 and @entity3294 were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in @entity1 than normals (70.4 +/- 2.7 v 106.9 +/- 7.0; 24.2 +/- 1.6 v 39.2 +/- 0.9 mg/dL, respectively). The mean fractional catabolic rates (FCR) obtained from plasma 125I-HDL, @entity1675 , @entity3294 radioactivity decay curves and by Berson and Yalow's method (urine/plasma radioactivity ratios) were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in @entity1 than in controls (0.387 v 0.299; 0.391 v 0.309; 0.361 v 0.275; 0.272 v 0.207/d; respectively). The mean synthetic rates (SR) of @entity1675 and @entity3294 were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls (11.12 v 14.17 mg/kg body weight/d, P less than 0.05; 3.53 v 4.68 mg/kg body weight/d, P less than 0.05, respectively). In vitro lipolysis of @entity412 (TG) rich lipoproteins by @entity291 lipoprotein lipase, and measurement of hepatic TG lipase and lipoprotein lipase in postheparin plasma were similar in @entity1 and controls, indicating no abnormality in these factors that are linked to HDL and TG catabolism. However, a significant positive correlation between hepatic TG lipase and the FCR of @entity1675 and @entity3294 was found. The data suggest that in this series of @entity1 with @entity2101 the low plasma HDL- @entity165 , @entity1675 , and @entity3294 levels resulted from decreased synthesis and an increased fractional catabolic rate of @entity1675 and @entity3294 , the major proteins of HDL.

title: XXXX and AII metabolism in @entity1 with primary @entity2101 associated with @entity3295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HDL deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['proteins--apolipoprotein (apo) AI', 'apo AI']

entities_list: @entity3295 :: ('MESH:D006953', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein AI']


abstract: @entity2118 ( @entity2118 ) is a rare @entity4848 characterized by hypopigmented macules along the Blaschko line and @entity156 , including @entity410 , @entity851 , @entity154 , and chromosome mosaicism. We report a four-month-old female baby with typical @entity272 on the right upper limb, chest, and scalp, noted at the age of one week. She also had a @entity410 disorder which manifested as neck flexion and hand gripping with series formation from the age of three months. Electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated modified @entity739 . The characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic features favored the diagnosis of @entity739 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an absence of abnormal neuronal migration. The auditory brainstem evoked response, nerve conduction velocity, and ophthalmologic examinations were all within normal limits. The @entity410 responded to adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy on the 12th day of initial therapy, and the EEG became normal. However, another different pattern of @entity410 characterized by staring and lateral gaze in a right upward direction occurred two weeks later. @entity2049 and @entity109 were added to the therapeutic regimen. She was regularly followed up at the outpatient department every two weeks after one-and-a-half months of hospitalization. @entity739 with evidence of @entity739 in the EEG recurred at seven months of age. Oral @entity134 therapy reduced @entity410 frequency by 80%. As far as we know, this is the first case report of @entity2118 combined with @entity739 in Taiwan.

title: @entity2118 associated with XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmologic defects']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms', 'West syndrome', 'hypsarrhythmias', 'Infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomelanosis of Ito', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of undergraduate geriatric dentistry education on knowledge of ageing and on attitudes towards institutionalised elderly @entity1 , as perceived by recently graduated dentists. METHODS: A validated questionnaire was sent by mail to all dentists of the study group (n = 357). The questionnaire collected socio-demographic data, motives for pursuing a dental career, knowledge of ageing, attitude towards institutionalised elderly @entity1 using the @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), and aspects of geriatric dentistry education. RESULTS: Great variability between the six dental schools involved was observed in respect of the undergraduate education received in geriatric dentistry. Dentists' knowledge of ageing was also low. The mean value of @entity4943 -total indicated that in this study there was a negative attitude towards the institutionalised elderly. The covariate 'financial motive for pursuing a dental career' was the only item that seemed to have any significant influence on the @entity4943 . Age was the only significant variable for knowledge. All other covariates were found not to have any influence. CONCLUSIONS: From this study it would appear that the attitude of recently graduated dentists in Belgium towards the institutionalised elderly is rather negative and their knowledge of ageing is poor. The actual level of geriatric dentistry education in the undergraduate curriculum did not appear to influence this attitude, but Belgian dental schools are challenged to reorientate their provision of geriatric dentistry education to include activities that help to develop positive perceptions towards the elderly, with an empathic positive and caring attitude.

title: The impact of undergraduate geriatric dental education on the attitudes of recently graduated dentists towards institutionalised elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Aging Semantic Differential']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity888 abuse has risen dramatically in South Africa. The chronic effects of @entity551 have not been documented. This study reviewed @entity1 referred for evaluation of @entity8 and/or @entity101 , who had been abusing @entity7865 . METHODS: The records of @entity1 referred to the renal unit between 2005 and 2013 who had been using @entity7865 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 demographics, biophysical parameters, blood pressure, renal function, renal ultrasound and biopsy findings, complications of @entity740 and comorbidities were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 were included in the study. Their mean age was 29 years. @entity101 was present in 42 (89.4%) of @entity1 , with malignant @entity101 in 21 (44.7%). Forty-five (95.7%) had @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and 26 (55.3%) had @entity454 . Renal biopsies were performed in 24 @entity1 . Twelve (50.0%) of the biopsies showed @entity101 changes and 14 (58.3%) @entity3630 , with deposition of IgM and C3 complement. CONCLUSION: @entity888 use is associated with severe @entity101 , @entity3630 and @entity740 .

title: @entity101 , @entity454 and XXXX in @entity888 users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity7865 :: ('D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamines']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type 1', 'mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['abuse on the kidneys and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3630 :: (MESH:D015432,Disease) :: ['mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity462 cathepsins play an important role in shaping the highly infiltrative growth pattern of @entity1 @entity11 . We have previously demonstrated that the activity of @entity462 cathepsins is elevated in invasive @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cells in vitro, in part due to attenuation of their endogenous inhibitors, the @entity464 . To investigate this relationship in vivo, we established U87-MG xenografts in non-obese @entity6 (NOD)/severe @entity465 ( @entity466 )-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) @entity19 . Here, @entity5 growth correlated with an elevated enzymatic activity of @entity467 both in the @entity5 core and at the periphery, whereas @entity468 and CatL levels were higher at the xenograft edge compared to the core. Reversely, StefB expression was detected in the @entity5 core, but it was generally absent in the @entity5 periphery, suggesting that down-regulation of this inhibitor correlates with in vivo invasion. In @entity1 @entity463 samples, all cathepsins were elevated at the @entity5 periphery compared to brain parenchyma. @entity467 was also typically associated with angiogenic endothelia and @entity39 areas. StefB was mainly detected in the @entity5 core, whereas CysC and StefA were evenly distributed, reflecting the observations in the xenografts. However, at the mRNA level, no differences in cathepsins and @entity464 were observed between the @entity5 center and the periphery in both @entity1 biopsies and xenografts. Interestingly, in @entity1 @entity5 , cathepsin and stefin transcript levels correlated with @entity469 and @entity436 levels, but not with @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Moreover, we reveal for the first time that an elevated StefA mRNA level is a highly significant prognostic factor for @entity1 survival.

title: The regulation of @entity462 cathepsins and @entity464 in XXXX @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine', 'cysteine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity464 :: ('MESH:D055333', 'Chemical') :: ['cystatins']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'GBM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive screening is crucial in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, there is still a lack of short tools in French. In this study, we aimed to compare the Parkinson @entity303 Assessment (PANDA) with the Mini Mental Parkinson (MMP), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Test in French-speaking @entity1 . We also aimed to propose cut-off scores for @entity73 and @entity303 for the French language version of the PANDA. METHOD: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity191 took the PANDA, the MMSE, the MMP, and the Clock Test. They also underwent extensive neuropsychological testing by a neuropsychologist who was blinded to the above-mentioned screening test results. @entity1 were classified as either having normal cognition (n=15), mild @entity73 (n=20) or @entity303 (n=16). RESULTS: When compared with the three other screening tools, the PANDA exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) for both @entity73 and @entity303 . Using the cut-off scores proposed for the German version, the PANDA had 94% specificity and 100% sensitivity for @entity303 and 100% and 72%, respectively for @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the PANDA exhibited a higher discriminative power than the three other tests in detecting @entity73 and @entity303 . In @entity191 @entity1 , the PANDA should thus be considered for the detection of @entity73 in routine clinical practice.

title: Cognitive screening in @entity191 : Comparison of the Parkinson XXXX Assessment (PANDA) with 3 other short scales.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychometric Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychometric Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a measure of childhood information learning experiences related to dental @entity148 according to Rachmnan's theory of fear acquisition entitled "Dental Information Learning History Questionnaire (DILHQ)" and to determine its test quality with regard to factorial validity, reliability, divergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. METHOD: Sample 1 included 228 dental @entity1 , answering a 17-item-pool of the DILHQ, the Dental @entity148 Scale (DAS: Corah, 1969), and the Self-Consciousness Scale by Fenigstein et al. (1975). A second sample of 197 @entity1 filled in the final 12-item test version, the DAS and the state version of the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970). Ninety-five @entity1 constituting the third sample answered the DILHQ twice with a 14-days interval. RESULTS: An exploratory study using the first sample resulted in two dimensions underlying the DILHQ-answers after removal of the unique loading items. The two-factorial structure was confirmed in the second sample. The factor-analytically derived Danger Information and Acceptance Information subscales showed sufficient internal consistency (Alpha = 0.87 and 0.72) and temporal stability (r(tt) = 0.77 and 0.76). Dentally fearful @entity1 remembered being exposed to more danger information and less acceptance information about dentistry during childhood than low-fearful @entity1 did (p < 0.001 each). Danger information and acceptance information predicted anxious response to the following dental procedure in opposite directions (r = 0.29 and r = -0.29). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the DILHQ fulfils criteria of good construct validity. Exposure to threatening information about dentistry during childhood may increase the risk for dental fear acquisition and for exaggerated anxious response to treatment, while acceptance information might have a protective effect.

title: Development of a measure of childhood information learning experiences related to dental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: AIM: Few studies have investigated the role of the @entity9164 and @entity4192 genes in @entity2909 . Therefore, in the current study the distribution of these genotypes in Iranian @entity1 and susceptibility to @entity2909 was investigated. METHODS: Blood samples of 50 @entity1 with @entity2909 and 50 healthy individual controls were collected in this cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted, and subsequently @entity9164 and @entity4192 null genotypes were detected by the Gap-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: A total of 42% of @entity1 appeared to lack @entity9164 enzyme activity due to the presence of an extended deletion ( @entity9164 0/0 genotype), compared with 18% in a control group (odds ratio [OR], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-9.37; P < 0.010). In addition, the prevalence of the @entity4192 null genotype in @entity1 was higher than that in the control group (42% to 14%, P  <  0.009). Also, it was shown that individuals with both null genotypes (-/-) had a 19.23-fold higher risk of developing the disease in comparison to @entity1 who showed both present genotypes (+/+). (P  =  0.007; 95%CI, 2.20-167.41). Besides, it was observed that at least one null genotype increases the risk of @entity1868 to 2.6 compared to the both present genotype (P-value  <  0.03, 95%CI, 1.05-6.82). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is first significant correlation between risk of @entity2909 and null @entity9164 and @entity4192 genotypes among Iranian @entity1 . Our data support the involvement of @entity9164 and @entity4192 in @entity2909 liability, and especially its role as a genetic factor in the occurrence of this disease.

title: Impact of null genotypes of XXXX and @entity9164 with @entity2909 risk in Iranian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyoma']

answer: @entity4192 :: (2952,Gene) :: ['GSTT1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the difference in signal intensity on @entity18497 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images between normal and cirrhotic livers in @entity35 as correlated with the expressions of the transporters of @entity18497 and the morphopathologic change in bile canaliculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional animal review board approval was received prior to the commencement of all studies. Fifteen @entity35 received @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ) in their drinking water for 12 weeks to induce @entity1575 . As a control, 15 @entity35 were given normal water. After 12 weeks, seven @entity35 in the @entity2796 group and seven @entity35 in the control group underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging (0.025 mmol @entity2287 per kilogram of body weight). Five @entity35 in each group were used for comparison of transporter ( @entity21997 [ @entity21997 ] and @entity21998 [ @entity21998 ]) activities. Three @entity35 in each group were used for morphologic examination. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Signal enhancement of the liver in the @entity2796 group significantly decreased in comparison with that in the control group, although the signal enhancement of the kidney in both groups was almost identical. The @entity21997 and @entity21998 activities were as follows: 2.17 +/- 0.71 (standard deviation) for @entity21997 in the @entity2796 group, 2.58 +/- 0.35 for @entity21997 in the control group, 3.37 +/- 1.04 for @entity21998 in the @entity2796 group, and 0.93 +/- 0.34 for @entity21998 in the control group (P = .175 for @entity21997 , P = .009 for @entity21998 ). At morphologic examination, enlargement of bile canaliculi and @entity1373 or elongation of microvilli were observed in the @entity2796 group. CONCLUSION: Findings showed that @entity1575 promotes the elimination of @entity18497 mediated by @entity21998 ; therefore, @entity21998 up-regulation may explain the significant signal intensity loss noted on @entity18497 -enhanced MR images in the @entity35 . In addition, the up-regulation of @entity21998 may be accompanied by morphologic changes in bile canaliculi and microvilli.

title: Cirrhotic @entity35 liver: reference to transporter activity and morphologic changes in bile canaliculi-- XXXX -enhanced MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity21998 :: ('25303(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance-associated protein 2', 'mrp2']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity21997 :: ('50572(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['oatp1', 'organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['gadoxetic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: Mortality from @entity326 is highly heritable. The identification of causal genetic factors is insufficient. To discover key contributors, we first identified nonsynonymous single- @entity377 polymorphisms in conserved genomic regions that are predicted to have significant effects on protein function. We then test the hypothesis that these nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome alter clinical outcome of @entity326 . DESIGN:: Genetic-association study plus in vitro experiment using primary cells plus in silico analysis using genomic DNA and protein database. SETTING:: Twenty-seven ICUs at academic teaching centers in Canada, Australia, and the United States. @entity1 :: @entity1 with @entity326 of European ancestry (n = 520). INTERVENTIONS:: @entity1 with @entity326 were genotyped for 843 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in conserved regions of the genome and are predicted to have damaging effects from the protein sequence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: The primary outcome variable was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcome variables were organ dysfunction. Productions of adhesion molecules including @entity687 , growth-regulated oncogene-a, @entity2842 , and @entity7721 were measured in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells after @entity14034 gene silencing by RNA interference. @entity1 with @entity326 having the @entity14034 C allele of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism, @entity14034 @entity14035 ( @entity14036 , @entity14037 ), had a significant increase in the hazard of death over the 28 days (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.31-2.26; p = 9.7   10-5) and increased organ dysfunction and needed more organ support (p < 0.05). Silencing @entity14034 significantly increased @entity687 , growth-regulated oncogene-a, @entity2842 , @entity7721 production in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells under lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:: C allele of @entity14034 @entity14035 ( @entity14036 ) single-nucleotide polymorphism, a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in conserved regions and predicted to have damaging effects on protein structure, was associated with increased 28-day mortality and organ dysfunction of @entity326 . @entity14034 appears to regulate molecules of the leukocyte adhesion pathway.

title: Identification of a Nonsynonymous Polymorphism in the @entity14034 Gene Associated With Altered Clinical Outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7721 :: ('6354', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-3', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-3']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity14036 :: ('p|SUB|Q|581|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p. Gln581His']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['Septic Shock']


abstract: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great promise for the inactivation of Candida species, its effectiveness against @entity5638 -resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. This in vitro study describes the association of Photogem   (Photogem, Moscow, Russia) with @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) light for the photoinactivation of @entity2380 -resistant (FR) and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains of @entity5132 and @entity7408 . Suspensions of each Candida strain were treated with five Photogem   concentrations and exposed to four @entity3917 light fluences (14, 24, 34 or 50 min of illumination). After incubation (48 h at 37   C), colonies were counted (CFU ml(-1)). Single-species biofilms were generated on cellulose membrane filters, treated with 25.0 mg l(-1) of Photogem   and illuminated at 37.5 J cm(-2). The biofilms were then disrupted and the viable @entity375 cells present were determined. Planktonic suspensions of FR strains were effectively killed after PDT. It was observed that the fungicidal effect of PDT was strain-dependent. Significant decreases in biofilm viability were observed for three strains of @entity5132 and for two strains of @entity7408 . The results of this investigation demonstrated that although @entity4906 was effective against Candida species, @entity2380 -resistant strains showed reduced sensitivity to PDT. Moreover, single-species biofilms were less susceptible to PDT than their planktonic counterparts.

title: Fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against @entity2380 -resistant @entity5132 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['LED', 'light emitting diode']

answer: @entity7408 :: (5478,Species) :: ['Candida glabrata']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In clinical trials and observational studies there is considerable inconsistency in the use of definitions to describe delayed @entity2806 (DCI) after @entity510 . A major cause for this inconsistency is the combining of radiographic evidence of @entity2553 with clinical features of @entity2806 , although multiple factors may contribute to DCI. The second issue is the variability and overlap of terms used to describe each phenomenon. This makes comparisons among studies difficult. METHODS: An international ad hoc panel of experts involved in @entity510 research developed and proposed a definition of DCI to be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies. We used a consensus-building approach. RESULTS: It is proposed that in observational studies and clinical trials aiming to investigate strategies to prevent DCI, the 2 main outcome measures should be: (1) @entity385 identified on CT or MRI or proven at autopsy, after exclusion of procedure-related @entity1188 ; and (2) functional outcome. Secondary outcome measure should be clinical deterioration caused by DCI, after exclusion of other potential causes of clinical deterioration. @entity2553 on angiography or transcranial Doppler can also be used as an outcome measure to investigate proof of concept but should be interpreted in conjunction with @entity21950 or functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed measures reflect the most relevant morphological and clinical features of DCI without regard to pathogenesis to be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies.

title: Definition of delayed XXXX after @entity510 as an outcome event in clinical trials and observational studies: proposal of a multidisciplinary research group.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: At present, there are many antiepileptic drugs with a wide range of side effects on the @entity1 body. It was assumed that Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) with sedative, anti- @entity6389 and anti-inflammatory activity may be effective in the treatment of @entity302 . The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and its fraction extracts on @entity5093 ( @entity17202 )-induced chemical kindling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, eight separate groups of male albino @entity19 were used. All groups received 11 separate intraperitoneal injections of @entity17202 (35 mg/kg) with two-day intervals. 30 min before the injection of @entity17202 , @entity19 received vehicle, Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract (300 and 600 mg/kg), @entity1045 , @entity1324 , @entity1042 fraction extracts (150 mg/kg), or @entity3175 (10 mg/kg). RESULTS: The kindled @entity19 that were pretreated with vehicle showed a gradual increase in their @entity410 scores up to the end of the study. The hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced @entity410 scores significantly. However, @entity1045 , @entity1324 and @entity1042 extracts did not affect @entity410 scores significantly. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora did reduce the severity of @entity410 attacks in @entity17202 -induced chemical kindling in @entity19 .

title: The effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss hydroalcoholic extract and fractions in XXXX -induced kindling in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity5093 :: (MESH:D010433,Chemical) :: ['pentylenetetrazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to detect and follow transplanted superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO)-labeled endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PROCEDURES: Infarcted @entity35 were randomized to injections of SPIO-labeled EPCs, unlabeled EPCs, or saline. From 1  day to 8  weeks, in vivo serial MRI was performed for cell tracking. RESULTS: Labeled cells were visualized as hypointense areas by MRI. The presence of labeled EPCs at 10  days and disappearance of these cells by 8  weeks was confirmed by @entity68 and @entity14939 . Co-staining for @entity68 and ED-1 showed that the @entity68 -positive cells were macrophages. EPC implantation significantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor expression, accompanied by increased capillary and arteriole density in the @entity63 myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: At 8  weeks, the transplanted EPCs were not present and the enhanced MRI signals arose from macrophages. However, both EPCs enhanced cardiac function. The major mechanism of cardiac improvement appears to be paracrine pathways of the engrafted EPCs.

title: In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of injected endothelial progenitor cells after myocardial infarction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine outcomes of @entity1 with small-volume stage @entity3846 disease managed by conservative surgical treatment. DESIGN: A retrospective review. SETTING: The Northern Gynaecological Oncology Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK. POPULATION: @entity1 with stage @entity3846 cervical @entity5 who were managed by conservative surgery over a 6-year period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pelvic lymph node @entity3 , recurrence rates and outcome survival. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 with conservatively managed stage @entity3846 cervical @entity5 were identified. Their ages were 25-67 years, median 37 years, 4 @entity1 were nulliparous. All @entity1 presented with an abnormal screening smear showing at least severe dyskaryosis. Estimated @entity5 volumes ranged from 16 to 640 mm3, median 72 mm3. Four @entity1 showed @entity3 . All four nulliparous @entity1 and one parous @entity1 underwent fertility-sparing treatment, i.e. loop cone +/- laparoscopic pelvic node dissection. The other 12 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy/total abdominal hysterectomy +/- pelvic lymph node dissection. There were no cases of @entity66 in any of the definitive treatment specimens. There were no cases of metastatic spread to pelvic lymph nodes. To date, no @entity1 have developed recurrent disease, and all @entity1 are alive and well (median follow up, 29 months). CONCLUSIONS: The conservative surgical management of small-volume stage @entity3846 cases in this series showed an excellent outcome with no cases showing pelvic lymph node involvement and no cases developing recurrent disease. A more formal assessment of @entity5 volume with a more active approach to determining the third dimension will allow more @entity1 the option of conservative treatment, thereby minimising the adverse effects of radical surgery.

title: Conservative surgical management of small-volume stage @entity3846 cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'multifocal invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity543 predicts @entity64 after noncardiac surgery remains unknown. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that degree of @entity543 is associated with in-hospital @entity64 or 30-day all-cause mortality after noncardiac surgery. As @entity543 is also a marker for @entity65 , our secondary hypothesis was that degree of @entity543 is associated with postoperative @entity296 . METHODS: We included adults who had noncardiac, noncarotid surgery at Cleveland Clinic from 2007 to 2011 and had carotid duplex ultrasound performed either within 6 months before or 1 month after surgery. Internal @entity2998 peak systolic velocity (ICA PSV) was used as a measure of @entity543 severity. A multivariate (i.e., multiple outcomes per @entity1 ) generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the association between highest ICA PSV and the composite of @entity64 and 30-day mortality after adjusting for predefined potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Of 2,110 @entity1 included, 112 (5.3%) died within 30 days and 54 (2.6%) suffered @entity64 . ICA PSV was not associated with this composite outcome (odds ratio of 1.0 [95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.02] for a 10-unit increase, P = 0.55). ICA PSV was also not associated with postoperative @entity296 (odds ratio 1.00 [0.99, 1.02], P = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort represents a high-risk population, as carotid duplex examinations were likely prompted by neurological symptoms. There was nonetheless no association between @entity543 and perioperative @entity64 or 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery.

title: Lack of Association between Carotid Artery Stenosis and XXXX or @entity296 after Noncardiac Surgery in High-risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative in-hospital stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The mean blood pressure in the second trimester of pregnancy was calculated with a formula (Formula: see text) which stands for systolic pressure plus twice diastolic pressure divided by 3 equals mmHg. In 285 @entity1 43% had a @entity16842 value of 85 mmHg. or higher. At this threshold value 89% of all later @entity101 were recognized. An @entity14383 value of 90 mmHg. was found in 21% of the @entity1 . In this group 63% became @entity101 . However, this group contained 10 of the 11 moderately severe and severe cases. In the outcome of the pregnancies there was a significant increase in prepathological fetal monitoring changes and a significant increase in suspicious Apgar values. The calculation of the @entity14383 value should become a part of routine prenatal care.

title: [The mean blood pressure in the second trimester ( @entity14383 ) as a valuable aid in the early recognition of the pregnancies with a risk of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertensions']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: We provide an overall description of the @entity21159 ( @entity21159 ) intervention to transform family practices into @entity1 -centered medical homes. METHODS: An independent evaluation team used multiple data sources and methods to describe the design and implementation of the @entity21159 . These included direct observation of the implementation team and project meetings, site visits to practices, depth interviews with practice members and implementation team members, access to practice communications (eg, telephone calls, e-mails), and public domain materials (eg, the @entity21159 Web site). RESULTS: The American Academy of Family Physicians created a new division called TransforMED, which launched the 24-month @entity21159 in June 2006. From 337 family medicine practices completing an extensive online application, 36 were selected and randomized to a facilitated group, which received tailored, intensive assistance and services from TransforMED, or a self-directed group, which received very limited assistance. Three facilitators from diverse backgrounds in finance, practice management, and organizational psychology used multiple practice change strategies including site visits, e-mails, metrics, and learning sessions. The self-directed practices worked primarily on their own, but self-organized a retreat midway through the project. The intervention model for the project evolved to be consistent with the emerging national consensus principles of the @entity1 -centered medical home. The independent evaluation team studied the @entity21159 and provided ongoing feedback to inform the implementation process. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity21159 illustrates that complex practice change interventions must combine flexibility in the intervention model, implementation strategy, and the evaluation, in order to maximize ongoing learning.

title: Implementing the XXXX -centered medical home: observation and description of the national demonstration project.

entities_list: @entity21159 :: ('MESH:C536977', 'Disease') :: ['NDP', 'National Demonstration Project']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The best treatment for elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is still debated. To guide clinical management of these @entity1 and suggest the priorities for clinical research in this field, an International Expert Panel met in Naples, Italy, on April 19 to 20, 2004. Results and conclusions based on a review of evidence available in the literature to date are presented in this article. A comprehensive geriatric assessment is recommended to better define prognosis and to predict tolerance to treatment. In the first randomized study dedicated to elderly @entity1149 @entity1 , single-agent @entity1206 showed superiority over supportive care alone, both in terms of survival and quality of life. In a large randomized trial, @entity136 plus @entity1206 failed to show any advantage over either agent alone. Subset analyses suggest that the efficacy of @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy is similar in fit older and younger @entity1 , with an acceptable increase in @entity137 for elderly @entity1 . These data should be interpreted cautiously because retrospective subgroup analyses are encumbered by selection bias; hence, randomized trials dedicated to @entity902 -based chemotherapy for nonselected elderly @entity1 are warranted. Several promising biologic therapies are under investigation; however, with present data, target-based agents as first-line treatment for elderly @entity1149 @entity1 are not yet recommended. Clinical research, with trials specifically designed for elderly @entity1 , is mandatory. With the current evidence, single-agent chemotherapy with a third-generation drug ( @entity1206 , @entity136 , a @entity3907 ) should be the recommended option for nonselected elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . @entity902 -based chemotherapy is a viable option for fit @entity1 with adequate organ function. Best supportive care remains important, in addition to chemotherapy or as the exclusive option for @entity1 who are unsuitable for more aggressive treatment.

title: Treatment of advanced XXXX in the elderly: results of an international expert panel.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the 2004 @entity3081 outbreak in Douala, densely populated and poor suburban populations had very poor access to safe drinking water and were at high risk of transmission. The provincial task force thus decided to provide preventive antibiotic treatment of all @entity1 contacts, that is, family members taking care of @entity1 in the hospital and household members of @entity1 or close neighbours living in houses directly adjacent to @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: This retrospective report, based on data from hospitals, local @entity3081 committees, and pharmacies, describes the course of the epidemic, bacteriological monitoring, and antibiotic distribution. RESULTS: Suddenly appearing in January 2004, the outbreak affected 5,020 @entity1 in 8 months. @entity1838 , which was isolated in 111/187 samples, remained susceptible to @entity3403 , @entity115 , and @entity2887 . A total of 182,366 @entity1 (35 contacts per patient) received antibiotic treatment. The rate of contacts among new @entity1 fell from 30% to less than 0.2%. DISCUSSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis was a part of a comprehensive package of community interventions that included health education, disinfection of homes, latrines and wells in all affected households, and bacteriological monitoring. Although it reduces the risk of the disease, mass antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended against @entity3081 outbreaks, because it does not prevent contamination and is limited by contraindications, costs, and modes of administration. Moreover, it increases the risk of developing resistance. It is impossible to eradicate vibrio from the environment. The individual risk of contracting @entity3081 is not known and it is difficult to assess the impact of a collective prevention strategy. Because the bacteria remains susceptible to antibiotic drugs, a well-targeted antibiotic prophylaxis made it possible to reduce direct @entity1 transmission of @entity3081 . This reduction did not affect the overall epidemic, however, because of the massive environmental contamination. CONCLUSION: The role of chemoprophylaxis in limiting @entity3081 epidemics is difficult to ascertain. Large-scale prophylaxis should be selective and limited to close contacts, in accordance with WHO recommendations, with rigorous application and monitoring of both integrated prevention procedures and antibiotic susceptibility.

title: [Large-scale selective antibiotic prophylaxis during the 2004 XXXX outbreak in Douala (Cameroon)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: Plasma and adrenal @entity165 disposition have been examined to gain further insight into the mechanisms by which @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) treatment decreases the diurnal peak in plasma @entity2819 concentrations. @entity1300 induces an increase in plasma @entity165 concentration that is nearly complete on Day 2, at least 2 days before the most pronounced increase in adrenal @entity165 concentration (Days 4-6). This adrenal increase involves both free @entity165 and @entity8557 , in contrast to the response to dietary @entity1007 where only @entity8557 increase. Although adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) does not increase adrenal mitochondrial @entity165 in normal @entity35 ( @entity165 turnover is faster than @entity165 uptake), this response changes between Days 6 and 9 after @entity1300 treatment such that ACTH then stimulates accumulation of mitochondrial @entity165 . This additional @entity165 is fully available to @entity7816 , as judged both by active @entity165 metabolism in isolated mitochondria and by increased @entity165 -P-450SCC complex formation. The accompanying in vivo suppression of the peak plasma @entity2819 concentration suggests a @entity1300 -induced inhibition of @entity165 side-chain cleavage (SCC). Consistent with this hypothesis, similar effects on adrenal mitochondrial @entity165 were produced by in vivo administration of the @entity165 side-chain cleavage inhibitor, @entity6239 , to ACTH-stimulated @entity35 . Although the putative @entity1300 -induced inhibitory factor is apparently readily lost from mitochondria during preparation, inhibition may be retained in isolated cells. @entity1300 , therefore, affects adrenal @entity165 regulation by at least two mechanisms. Adrenal @entity165 content increases in part as a consequence of elevated plasma @entity165 , and @entity165 side-chain cleavage becomes partially inhibited in vivo.

title: @entity1007 and the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis in XXXX -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1300 :: (MESH:D013749,Chemical) :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']


abstract: The @entity3326 is characterized by @entity590 , @entity2003 , @entity21 , vegetative symptoms and @entity1032 . This group of symptoms develops abruptly and may lead to serious complications. One of these complications is the @entity810 . Permanent @entity2003 causes the damage of muscle cells which result in myoglobinaemia, @entity9958 and elevations in muscle related @entity908 phosphokinase. The authors report the case of a young @entity1 who underwent neuroleptic medication because of hebephrenia. During the medication the following symptoms were developed: @entity21 , restlessness, @entity2003 , high fever. These symptoms eventually lead to @entity810 caused by @entity5925 (characteristic urine finding, significant elevations in serum @entity908 phosphokinase). With regards to the @entity3326 dantrolenum and @entity2847 treatment were applied with the discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. As a part of the complex therapy a massive volumen-supplementing and alkalizing treatment was used but haemodialysis had also become necessary. During the above mentioned treatment symptoms referring to the @entity3326 resolved and the @entity810 was cured. The case report calls attention to a specific group of symptoms and the possibilities for prevention and treatment. The above case report is the first observation in Hungary.

title: [ XXXX in @entity3326 ].

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorientation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal motion disorder', 'extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity319 -TKIs) have been widely used in a variety of solid @entity5 . Concerns have arisen regarding the risk of severe @entity281 (>= grade 3) with use of these drugs, but the contribution of @entity319 -TKIs to @entity281 is still unknown. METHODS: The databases of PubMed and abstracts presented at oncology conferences' proceedings were searched for relevant studies from January 2000 to December 2014. Summary incidences, Peto odds ratio (Peto OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using either random-effects or fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS: A total of 16,488 @entity1 from 27 randomized controlled trials were included. The risk of developing severe (Peto OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96, P<0.001) and fatal @entity281 (Peto OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13-2.81, P=0.013) was significantly increased in @entity1 treated with @entity319 -TKIs when compared to controls. Exploratory subgroup analysis showed no effect of @entity5 types, phase of trials, or agent used on the Peto OR of severe @entity281 . When stratified according to specific infectious events, the risks of high-grade febrile @entity1398 , @entity55 , @entity221 , and @entity295 were increased compared with controls, with Peto ORs of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.30-1.88, P<0.001), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.29-2.49, P<0.001), 5.35 (95% CI: 1.47-19.51, P=0.011), and 3.68 (95% CI: 1.51-8.99, P=0.004), respectively. Additionally, @entity319 -TKIs significantly increased the risk of @entity295 (OR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.47-9.13, P=0.005) but not fatal @entity55 (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.80-2.25, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity319 -TKIs significantly increases the risk of developing severe and fatal infectious events in @entity5 @entity1 . A close monitoring for any signs of @entity281 is recommended for @entity1 treated with @entity319 -TKIs.

title: Increased risk of severe @entity281 in @entity5 XXXX treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'fatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity282 following craniofacial or esthetic surgery, or @entity130 is readily treated with medicinal regimens. @entity158 persisting for more than six months is defined as chronic and must be distinguished from nontraumatic atypical @entity158 or "tic-douloureaux." Our surgical experience managing chronic facial (trigeminal) @entity158 is reviewed to provide insight into the success of our current algorithm for managing @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of nine consecutive @entity1 operated for post-traumatic chronic trigeminal nerve @entity158 . Most @entity1 were @entity1 (mean age 41 years). Data evaluated included mechanism of @entity128 , physical exam, CT scans, computer-aided neurosensory testing, and diagnostic nerve blocks. Surgical management included hardware removal, neurolysis, and/or @entity2950 resection with nerve grafting when indicated. Primary outcome measurement included @entity158 scale score (range 0-10). Secondary outcome measurements included sensory exam, medication requirement, and return to work. Based on these outcome measures, results were defined as excellent, good, fair, or poor. RESULTS: Five of the nine @entity1 had excellent outcomes, one was good, two were fair, and one was poor. The one @entity1 with a poor result had temporary improvements, but later returned to baseline. No @entity1 was made symptomatically worse or had operative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of chronic, post-traumatic trigeminal nerve @entity158 can be expected using an algorithm that measures sensory function of the involved trigeminal nerve branch. Then either preserves that function through neurolysis or reconstruction with a nerve graft, or eliminates that function through @entity2950 resection.

title: Surgical algorithm for treatment of post-traumatic trigeminal nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Facial pain', 'facial pain', 'pain', 'Likert pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this pan-Canadian study, we sought to elucidate the current state of surgical care for primary @entity43 and factors influencing selected short-term outcomes; these were in-hospital mortality (IHM), major complications (MCs), failure-to-rescue (FTR), and hospital length of stay (LOS). METHODS: We created a population cohort using inpatient admission records from the Canadian Institute of Health Information data set (2004-2012). Multilevel logistic regression and flexible parametric survival analyses, adjusted for hospital clustering effect, were conducted to determine the effect of @entity1 -specific factors (i.e.,  age, comorbidities, and admission category); procedural complexity; and the surgical volume and specialty of each care provider on the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: A total of 16 089 @entity1 underwent surgeries for primary @entity43 across Canada. The crude rates of IHM, MC, and FTR were 0.89%, 5.7%, and 9.09%, respectively, with a median LOS of four days (interquartile range 3 to 6). The majority of surgical procedures were performed by surgeons and hospitals with annual surgical volumes of less than five such procedures. Hospitals with higher surgical volumes were associated with lower risk of IHM (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99) and FTR (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99) and a higher chance of earlier discharge (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06). Surgeons with higher surgical volumes were associated with lower odds of early discharge (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) and a higher risk of MC (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23). Compared with gynaecologic oncologists, general surgeons had a significantly higher risk of IHM (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.82 to 6.74) and MC (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.33) and lower odds of early discharge (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.47). CONCLUSION: Despite limitations in the administrative data set, valuable information was available for this pan-Canadian analysis. Our findings support centralization of surgical procedures for @entity1 with @entity43 in tertiary care centres with higher surgical volumes that are staffed by in-house multidisciplinary care teams and specialist surgeons.

title: Care Delivery Patterns, Processes, and Outcomes for Primary XXXX Surgery: A Population-Based Review Using a National Administrative Database.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: @entity282 was assessed in @entity1 undergoing @entity169 . Ten @entity1 received @entity3303 aerosol in the surgical wound before skin closure, ten @entity1 received placebo aerosol devoid of @entity3303 , and ten @entity1 were untreated. The @entity3303 -treated group had significantly lower @entity158 scores and @entity6882 requirements during the first postoperative day compared to the control groups. During the second day after surgery, these variables did not differ between groups. Wound anesthesia, assessed by palpation of the wound 24 h after surgery by a blinded investigator, was significantly more pronounced in the group treated with @entity3303 aerosol than in the control groups. Similarly, in @entity1 undergoing bilateral herniorraphy, wound @entity158 following palpation was significantly reduced on the @entity3303 -treated side compared to the untreated side. @entity1 in the group receiving @entity3303 aerosol indicated less @entity158 in connection with mobilization than untreated @entity1 , but not compared to @entity1 treated with placebo aerosol. Plasma substance @entity10133 ) and beta-endorphin (BE) measured in @entity3303 -treated @entity1 and in untreated @entity1 before and after drug administration showed no significant differences regarding SP, while BE was significantly increased 1 h after surgery in the untreated group. Plasma @entity3303 concentrations were well below toxic levels. Results show that @entity3303 aerosol used as topical anesthetic in the surgical wound is simple to use, and results in a long-lasting @entity158 after a single administration. Moreover, postoperative mobilization is facilitated, and the requirement for postoperative analgesics is reduced. Wound healing was normal, and no adverse reactions to @entity3303 were reported.

title: Topical anesthesia with @entity3303 aerosol in the control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of a predefined gene expression-based classifier for clinical risk estimation and cytotoxic treatment decision making in @entity521 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Gene expression profiles of 440 internationally collected @entity521 specimens were investigated by microarray analysis, 125 of which were examined prospectively. @entity1 were classified as either favorable or unfavorable by a 144-gene prediction analysis for microarrays (PAM) classifier established previously on a separate set of 77 @entity1 . PAM classification results were compared with those of current prognostic markers and risk estimation strategies. RESULTS: The PAM classifier reliably distinguished @entity1 with contrasting clinical courses (favorable [n = 249] and unfavorable [n = 191]; 5-year event free survival [EFS] 0.84 +/- 0.03 v 0.38 +/- 0.04; 5-year @entity1349 [ @entity1349 ] 0.98 +/- 0.01 v 0.56 +/- 0.05, respectively; both P < .001). Moreover, @entity1 with divergent outcome were robustly discriminated in both German and international cohorts and in prospectively analyzed samples (P <or= .001 for both EFS and @entity1349 for each). In subgroups with clinical low-, intermediate-, and high-risk of @entity204 from disease, the PAM predictor significantly separated @entity1 with divergent outcome (low-risk 5-year @entity1349 : 1.0 v 0.75 +/- 0.10, P < .001; intermediate-risk: 1.0 v 0.82 +/- 0.08, P = .042; and high-risk: 0.81 +/- 0.08 v 0.43 +/- 0.05, P = .001). In multivariate Cox regression models based on both EFS and @entity1349 , PAM was a significant independent prognostic marker (EFS: hazard ratio [HR], 3.375; 95% CI, 2.075 to 5.492; P < .001; @entity1349 : HR, 11.119, 95% CI, 2.487 to 49.701; P < .001). The highest potential clinical impact of the classifier was observed in @entity1 currently considered as non-high-risk (n = 289; 5-year EFS: 0.87 +/- 0.02 v 0.44 +/- 0.07; 5-year @entity1349 : 1.0 v 0.80 +/- 0.06; both P < .001). CONCLUSION: Gene expression-based classification using the 144-gene PAM predictor can contribute to improved treatment stratification of @entity521 @entity1 .

title: Prognostic impact of gene expression-based classification for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity4383 growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ) has been shown to induce chondrogenesis by embryonic @entity35 mesenchymal cells (Seyedin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 261: 5693, 1986). Here we report the effects of @entity291 @entity1810 on the phenotypic expression of differentiated primary @entity35 osteoblastic and chondroblastic cells. Culture of @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts with @entity1810 resulted in a dose and time-dependent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of alkaline phosphatase were reduced to less than 10% of control values by 0.4 nM @entity1810 . The decrease became apparent after 24 hours and reached a maximum by 72 hours. Similarly, treatment of chondroblasts with 0.4 nM @entity1810 resulted in decreased production of cartilage-specific macromolecules: type II collagen and cartilage proteoglycan. Both cell types exhibited dramatic changes in cell shape after treatment with @entity1810 . Modulation of these differentiated markers by @entity1810 could be mimicked, in part, by addition of fibronectin. Addition of @entity12086 blocked the inhibition of phenotypic expression by @entity1810 . These results indicate that @entity1810 inhibits phenotypic expression by osteoblasts and chondroblasts in vitro and suggest that this activity of @entity1810 may be mediated through interactions between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal elements.

title: XXXX growth factor-beta modulates the expression of osteoblast and chondroblast phenotypes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity12086 :: ('MESH:C024794', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrocytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming']

answer: @entity4383 :: (MESH:D020518,Disease) :: ['Transforming']


abstract: A Phase I trial of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) administered at circadian-rhythm modulated rate was carried out to evaluate maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and @entity137 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Recombinant @entity3027 -2b was administered as a 7-day continuous venous infusion with maximum delivery between 6 p.m. and 3 a.m. Entry dose levels were 0.2, 2 and 4 MU/m2/day. The dose was escalated by an amount equal to the starting dose until a maximum of 6 entry dose levels was achieved, with a 1-week rest between each cycle. The maximal daily dose of @entity3027 administered was 24 MU/m2/day. A programmable-in-time ambulatory pump was used, so that all @entity1 could receive their treatment at home. Eighteen @entity1 were entered in the study and 16 were evaluable for @entity137 . @entity137 was mild to moderate except for two @entity1 who developed WHO grade III @entity137 . No significant decline in performance status was associated with treatment. Two objective responses were observed in @entity1 with previously treated @entity1358 . As compared to standard s.c./i.m. administration or continuous nonchronomodulated i.v. infusion of @entity3027 , this circadian schedule has allowed to deliver high doses of drug with acceptable @entity137 .

title: A phase I study of recombinant interferon-alpha administered as a seven-day continuous venous infusion at circadian-rhythm modulated rate in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The technological development of pharmaceutical products based on plant extracts is currently responsible for a large number of recent innovations in healthcare. The objective of this study was to develop and investigate the effect and potential applicability of an ointment-based Bathysa cuspidata extract (BCE) for the management of skin wounds in @entity35 . Three skin wounds of 12 mm in diameter were made on the backs of the animals, which were randomized into 4 groups according to the application received, i.e. the @entity2697 group: 0.9% saline solution, the LAN group: @entity5156 , the BCE 2.5% group: 2.5% BCE emulsified in @entity5156 and the BCE 5% group: 5% BCE emulsified in @entity5156 . The applications were made daily over 21 days, and every 7 days tissue from different wounds was removed. On days 7, 14 and 21, the BCE 2.5% and BCE 5% groups showed the best results in relation to wound closure, and a higher proportion (in length, density and volume) of blood vessels and fibroblasts compared to the other groups. On days 7 and 14, there was a significant increase in the number of mast cells in these 2 groups when compared to the SAL and LAN groups. On day 21, they also had a higher proportion of collagen I than collagen III. B. cuspidata in an ointment base was effective in stimulating tissue cellularity, mast cell recruitment, neoangiogenesis, synthesis and maturation of collagen, epidermal thickness and surface area in scar tissue. These events were potentially related to the best quality and speed for skin regeneration in the @entity35 treated with the BCE ointment.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Bathysa cuspidata Extract Modulates the Morphological Reorganization of the Scar Tissue and Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in XXXX : A Time-Dependent Study.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: @entity6597 is thought to be an essential element in mammals, its @entity137 being very low. On the contrary, @entity6596 is highly toxic to @entity1 , even if its effects are generally local, involving the respiratory tract and the skin. Once absorbed, @entity6596 is quickly reduced to the trivalent form which accounts for all of this element present in the blood stream or taken up by tissues. As a result, any differences in systemic @entity137 can only be attributed to differential solubilities and absorption rates. The kidney should be regarded as the critical organ, although @entity8 following occupational exposure is mostly due to acute absorption and transient in nature. Sensitive immunochemical techniques for the measurement of specific proteins in the urine have been used for the early detection of @entity8 , a possible threshold having been indicated at exposure levels yielding 15 micrograms/g @entity1011 in urine. Such a threshold has been confirmed by using monoclonal antibodies to reveal antigens from the brush-border of proximal tubules. Two main features of @entity8 were, however, apparent. The first one is the lack of dose-effect/response relationships, i.e. the lack of any progression toward more severe impairments when the exposure intensity increases. The second one is that the recent absorption rate more than the cumulated dose is responsible for the observed nephrotoxic effects.

title: Selected toxicological aspects of XXXX compounds.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'tubular damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6596 :: ('MESH:C074702', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium(VI)', 'chromium (VI)']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6597 :: ('CHEBI:49544', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium(III)']

answer: @entity6596 :: (MESH:C074702,Chemical) :: ['chromium(VI)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute cardiac allograft rejection requires host, but not donor, expression of @entity8271 / @entity11787 costimulatory molecules. However, acute cardiac rejection requires direct antigen presentation by donor-derived antigen presenting cells to @entity1961 T-cells and does not require indirect antigen presentation to @entity1961 T-cells. Given this discrepancy in the literature and that the consequence of allograft exposure in @entity942 @entity19 is unknown; the goal of the study was to examine the antidonor status of allografted @entity8271 / @entity11787 -deficient hosts. METHODS: C57Bl/6 @entity8271 / @entity11787 -/- @entity19 were grafted with heterotopic BALB/c hearts. Recipients bearing long-term surviving allografts were used to examine the status of antidonor reactivity in vitro and in vivo. Tolerance was examined in vivo through adoptive transfer of splenocytes from graft-bearing animals to secondary immune-deficient @entity5350 -/- hosts bearing donor-type or third-party cardiac allografts and by regulatory T-cell depletion with anti- @entity3783 antibody. RESULTS: When transferred to B7-replete @entity5350 -/- recipients, cells from na  ve @entity8271 / @entity11787 -/- @entity19 readily initiated cardiac allograft rejection. However, splenocytes transferred from long-term allograft acceptor @entity8271 / @entity11787 -/- hosts failed to reject donor-type hearts but acutely rejected third-party allografts. In addition, such cells did not reject (donorxthird-party) F1 allografts. Finally, in vivo depletion of regulatory T-cells did not prevent long-term acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that @entity942 T-cells are capable of acute cardiac allograft rejection in a B7-replete environment. Importantly, results also show that @entity942 hosts do not simply ignore cardiac allografts, but rather spontaneously develop transferable, donor-specific tolerance and linked suppression in vivo. Interestingly, this tolerant state does not require endogenous @entity1961 + @entity3783 + regulatory T-cells.

title: Spontaneous allograft tolerance in @entity942 XXXX independent of preexisting endogenous @entity1961 + @entity3783 + regulatory T-cells.

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['B7-deficient']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current approaches are unlikely to achieve the @entity146 ( @entity378 ) control targets set for 2035 and beyond. @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) may be an important tool for augmenting existing strategies, but the cost-effectiveness of @entity3457 remains uncertain. Program evaluators can often measure the cost of @entity3457 per @entity378 case detected, but how this accessible measure translates into traditional metrics of cost-effectiveness, such as the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY), remains unclear. METHODS: We constructed dynamic models of @entity378 in India, China, and South Africa to explore the medium-term impact and cost-effectiveness of generic @entity3457 activities, conceptualized separately as discrete (2-year) campaigns and as continuous activities integrated into ongoing @entity378 control programs. Our primary outcome was the cost per DALY, measured in relationship to the cost per @entity378 case actively detected and started on treatment. RESULTS: Discrete campaigns costing up to  1,200 (95% uncertainty range [UR] 850-2,043) per case actively detected and started on treatment in India,  3,800 (95% UR 2,706-6,392) in China, and  9,400 (95% UR 6,957-13,221) in South Africa were all highly cost-effective (cost per DALY averted less than per capita gross domestic product). Prolonged integration was even more effective and cost-effective. Short-term assessments of @entity3457 dramatically underestimated potential longer term gains; for example, an assessment of an @entity3457 program at 2  years might find a non-significant 11% reduction in prevalence, but a 10-year evaluation of that same intervention would show a 33% reduction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3457 can be a powerful and highly cost-effective tool in the fight against @entity378 . Given that short-term assessments may dramatically underestimate medium-term effectiveness, current willingness to pay may be too low. @entity3457 should receive strong consideration as a basic tool for @entity378 control in most high-burden settings, even when it may cost over  1,000 to detect and initiate treatment for each extra case of active @entity378 .

title: How much is XXXX screening worth? Estimating the value of active case finding for @entity378 in South Africa, China, and India.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Active case finding', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive global tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Finland and Hokkaido resemble each other; the four season climate with cold winters and cool summers is the same as is the frequency of @entity378 . The size of the population is almost the same. From the 1984 Japanese nationwide @entity370 survey we got the data from Hokkaido (288 @entity1 ) in order to compare the information with similarly collected data in Finland from 1984 (1,378 @entity1 ). The crude prevalence of @entity370 was 28.2 per 100,000 in Finland and 3.7 per 100,000 in Hokkaido. The annual incidence was 11.4 per 100,000 in Finland and 1.0 per 100,000 in Hokkaido. The sex distribution was similar; 63% vs 67% @entity1 in Finland and Hokkaido, respectively. At diagnosis the Hokkaidoan @entity1 were significantly younger. In Hokkaido more cases were detected via mass X-ray survey (43% vs 34%). Among symptomatic @entity1 eye symptoms were more frequent in Hokkaido, whereas @entity1576 and @entity5406 were more frequent in Finland. @entity3329 ( @entity3329 ) was equally distributed (82% vs 84% whereas parenchymal lesions were seen more often in Finland (49% vs 25%) as well as @entity1897 (16% vs 8%).

title: The frequency of XXXX in Finland and Hokkaido, Japan. A comparative epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy', 'BHL']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and joint symptoms']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity358 is often observed after blunt @entity764 due to traffic accidents or fall from heights, but may also occur after a non-penetrating ballistic impact against @entity1053 . Such @entity130 has been designated behind armour blunt @entity130 (BABT). Our aim in the present study has been to evaluate pathophysiological changes and compensatory mechanisms that occur early after such severe @entity358 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1707 wearing @entity1053 were shot with a 7.62mm assault rifle to produce a standardised @entity358 . Exposed animals were compared with five control animals shot with blank ammunition. Physiological parameters and levels of @entity972 , @entity413 , haemoglobin, @entity460 , @entity880 and pH were monitored for two hours after the shot. RESULTS: The impact induced severe @entity358 with apnoea, desaturation and @entity551 in all exposed animals. Increased haemoglobin, @entity413 and severe hyperkalaemia were seen shortly after impact. Seven of twelve animals died due to the @entity130 . Dense cardiac tissue was observed during post mortem examination in six of the animals that died during the experimental course. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study has shown that life-threatening hyperkalaemia occurs early after severe @entity358 . Moreover, dense cardiac tissue and early increase of haemoglobin and @entity413 are intriguing findings that should be investigated in future studies.

title: Pathophysiological effects and changes in @entity972 , ionised @entity460 , @entity413 and haemoglobin early after severe blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung contusion', 'pulmonary contusion']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body armour']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity99 is an acute life- and health-threatening disease that may be increasingly frequent. However, accurate and representative data on time trends in its incidence and prognosis are not available. This study aims to provide nationwide population-based estimates of @entity99 incidence and mortality in Denmark, 1999-2008. METHODS: We identified, from the Danish National Registry of @entity1 , all @entity1 with a first-time discharge diagnosis of @entity99 from 1999 and through 2008. We also ascertained whether @entity1 had @entity82 . We computed the annual incidence rates as well as 28-, 84-day, 5-year, and 10-year mortality rates. RESULTS: We found 1951 @entity1 with @entity99 , 63% @entity1 . During the study decade, the annual incidence rate in the Danish population rose from 37 to 46 per 10(6) for @entity1 and from 24 to 34 per 10(6) for @entity1 . The steepest increase was observed among middle-aged @entity1 . The 28-day mortality rate rose from 12% to 15%, and the 84-day mortality rate rose from 14% to 24%, similarly for @entity1 and @entity1 . The increase in short-term mortality was attributable to increasing @entity1 age and prevalence of @entity82 . The 5-year mortality was 56% overall, 47% without @entity82 , and 69% with @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity99 in Denmark has increased during the recent decade. The @entity1 are older at diagnosis and more have @entity82 , resulting in worse short-term prognosis. The long-term prognosis is grave, especially for @entity1 with @entity82 . The increase in incidence mirrors changes in @entity167 consumption in Denmark.

title: Incidence and mortality of XXXX in Denmark 1999-2008: a nationwide population based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic hepatitis', 'alcoholic hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: Feeding highly fermentable diets to ruminants is one strategy to increase energy intake. The increase in @entity14559 ( @entity14559 ) production and reduced ruminal pH associated with highly fermentable diets imposes a challenge to the metabolism and the regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis of @entity3685 . The @entity3685 respond to these challenges in a coordinated manner. Whereas the enlargement of absorptive surface area is well documented, emerging evidence at the mRNA and transporter and enzyme activity levels indicate that changes in epithelial cell function may be the initial response. It is not surprising that gene expression analysis has identified pathways involved in @entity844 metabolism, ion transport, and intracellular homeostasis to be the pathways dominantly affected during adaptation and after adaptation to a highly fermentable diet. These findings are important because the intraepithelial metabolism of SCFA, particularly @entity4876 , helps to maintain the concentration gradient between the cytosol and lumen, thereby facilitating absorption. @entity4876 metabolism also controls the intracellular availability of @entity4876 , which is widely regarded as a signaling molecule. Current data indicate that for @entity4876 metabolism, @entity2453 synthase and @entity6625 acetyltransferase are potential regulatory points with transient up- and downregulation during diet adaptation. In addition to nutrient transport and utilization, genes involved in the maintenance of cellular tight junction integrity and induction of @entity32 have been identified as differentially expressed genes during adaptation to highly fermentable diets. This may have important implications on ruminal epithelial barrier function and the inflammatory response often associated with subacute @entity520 . The objective of this review is to summarize ruminal epithelial adaptation to highly fermentable diets focusing on the changes at the enzyme and transporter activity levels, as well as the underlying molecular changes at the mRNA and protein expression levels.

title: Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: Molecular adaptation of XXXX to highly fermentable diets.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyrate', 'butyrate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity14559 :: ('CHEBI:26666', 'Chemical') :: ['short-chain fatty acid', 'SCFA']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['ruminal acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['ruminal epithelia']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

answer: @entity3685 :: (MESH:D019959,Disease) :: ['ruminal epithelia']