abstract: Naturally occurring antibody responses to @entity3964 rhoptry-associated proteins 1 and 2 (RAP-1 and RAP-2) were measured with recombinant and parasite-derived forms of the antigens. For comparative purposes, responses to multiple forms of three other malarial antigens were also examined. The sera of 100 Papua New Guineans were screened for antibodies. Eighty-six and 82% of individuals over 30 years of age had antibodies that recognized parasite-derived RAP-1 and RAP-2, respectively. Importantly, we found that recombinant and native antigens share linear epitopes seen by the @entity1 immune system; thus, the recombinant proteins may be adequate @entity1 immunogens. However, antibodies affinity purified on recombinant RAP-1 reacted with other antigens in addition to parasite-derived RAP-1. Thus, the antigenicity of RAP-1 may have been overestimated previously. The recognition of RAP-1 and RAP-2 correlated with age and with the recognition of recombinant forms of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen, merozoite surface protein 1, and merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) antigens. Antibodies to these antigens appear to be generated in response to the total exposure to @entity311 of the host. Antibodies to conserved regions of MSA2 had stronger correlations with both age and the recognition of other antigens than did the full-length recombinant MSA2 molecule. In contrast to results with the other antigens, there was no significant difference in the ages of individuals with a certain antibody titer to the full-length recombinant or parasite-derived MSA2 molecule, but antibodies to these two antigens did correlate with @entity5895 . For all antigens tested, antibody levels after two infections can approach the peak levels of antibodies obtained in immune individuals.

title: Assessment of the humoral immune response against XXXX rhoptry-associated proteins 1 and 2.

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder has been increasing in @entity1 with a peak incidence occurring in the sixth decade. However, development of @entity5 under the age of 30 is relatively rare. In this regard, it has been reported that @entity5 in the young group is less malignant and rare to recur when compared with those in the elderly group. Recently, flow cytometric DNA histograms (FCM) provides quantitative and objective informations for detection and evaluation of malignant potential of @entity150 . Here we report @entity1 with @entity5 of the bladder under 30 years old and assess the clinical properties and biological characteristics of their @entity5 based on FCM. A total of 11 @entity1 from 1975 through 1988 were reviewed. Their mean age at the diagnosis was 22.6 years old (range from 22 to 29 years old). Male/female ratio was 2.7:1. The mean follow-up period was 4 years and 7 months (range from 8 months to over 13 years). An asymptomatic gross @entity811 was found in all of the @entity1 , which is the most common sign. Filling defects of the bladder on excretory urograms were observed in six out of the 11 @entity1 (54.5%). Cystoscopically, the size of @entity5 was less than 2 cm in diameter. Ten @entity1 had a @entity5 and one @entity1 had @entity5 at the time of the initial diagnosis. @entity5 were papillary in all but one @entity1 , who had a @entity5 . Their urine cytology showed class I in one, class II in eight, class III in one, class IV in one and class V in none.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Studies on biological characteristics of XXXX of the bladder in @entity1 under 30 years of age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'non-papillary tumor', 'single tumor', 'vesical tumors', 'Endoscopically tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: Previously, biodegradable polymer implants (polymer millirods) to release chemotherapeutic agents directly into @entity5 have been developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate local drug distribution from these implants in @entity96 treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation and determine if the implants provide a therapeutic improvement over RF ablation alone. Cylindrical implants were fabricated using 65% @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ), 21.5% @entity1219 , and 13.5% @entity632 . Control or drug-containing millirods were implanted inside VX2 @entity96 (11 mm diameter) in @entity95 after RF ablation. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed 4 and 8 days after treatment using @entity5 size, histology, and fluorescence measurement of drug distribution. @entity5 in both test groups recurred at the boundary of the ablated region. Therapeutic @entity632 concentrations were found in more than 80% of the ablated area, but concentrations declined rapidly at the boundary between normal and ablated tissue. This region was characterized by a developing fibrous capsule with resolving @entity32 , which restricted drug transport out of the ablated zone. The intratumoral @entity632 implants delivered high concentrations of drug within the ablated region but only limited amounts outside the ablation zone. Future studies will focus on overcoming the fibrotic transport barrier and enhancing drug delivery to the periphery of the ablation region to prevent @entity5 progression.

title: Combined radiofrequency ablation and @entity632 -eluting polymer implants for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: The metabolic effects of intravenous @entity205 on lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 29 allogeneic bone marrow recipients compared with 13 autologous bone marrow @entity1 not requiring @entity205 therapy. @entity1 were monitored continuously from 5 days prior to 27 days following transplantation; @entity205 treatment was initiated 4 days before transplantation. Fasting lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured in serial blood samples throughout the study period. Nutritional supplementation, conditioning regimens and concomitant medications were not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in age, weight, lipid, or lipoprotein levels were found at baseline between the @entity1 groups. @entity165 , @entity412 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels remained unchanged in autologous @entity1 . As compared with baseline values, plasma total @entity165 increased by an average of 26 percent in allogeneic transplantation @entity1 receiving @entity205 . Similarly, the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was fourfold greater in those @entity1 treated with @entity205 compared to the autologous group. We conclude that @entity205 appears to elevate @entity165 levels. Neither acute graft vs host disease nor changes in hepatic function could explain the differences in plasma @entity165 levels between groups.

title: Longitudinal study of @entity205 and lipids in XXXX undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to derive multiple regression equations for in vivo estimation of the carcass lean and fat content in @entity22157 . The experimental materials consisted of 240 White @entity22157 ducklings (120 male and 120 female). One hundred sixteen females aged 10 wk and 112 males aged 12 wk were slaughtered. Before slaughter the @entity4186 were weighed, and the following body measurements were taken: humerus length, drumstick length, @entity764 , @entity0 , width between the humeral bones, @entity764 , and breast muscle thickness. The coefficients of simple correlation between carcass tissue components and body measurements were calculated. It was found that live body weight was highly correlated with the weights of all tissue components (r = 0.701 to 0.857). In males a significant interrelation was found between breast muscle weight and all body measurements, whereas in females breast muscle weight was correlated with @entity0 , @entity764 , width between the humeral bones, @entity764 , and breast muscle thickness only. In both males and females the carcass lean content was closely correlated with drumstick length, @entity0 , @entity764 , and width between the humeral bones. In drakes the carcass fat content was closely correlated with all body measurements, whereas in hens significant correlations were observed between the carcass fat content and @entity764 , width between the humeral bones, and @entity764 only. The coefficients of simple correlation between the percentages of carcass tissue components and body measurements were generally low and statistically nonsignificant. Twelve multiple regression equations formulated based on the body measurements of live @entity4186 were verified with respect to the accuracy of estimation of the content of breast muscles, meat, and fat with skin in the carcass. These equations give small SE of the estimate (Sy = 23.3 to 83.8 g), high values of coefficients of multiple correlation between the dependent variable and the set of independent variables, and high values of determination coefficients.

title: Multiple regression equations to estimate the content of breast muscles, meat, and fat in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22157 :: ('8855', 'Species') :: ['Muscovy ducks', 'Muscovy']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest depth', 'chest girth']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast-bone crest length']

answer: @entity22157 :: (8855,Species) :: ['Muscovy ducks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surfactant-associated proteins (SP) A and D are in the family of collectin proteins that play an integral part in the innate defense system. @entity3231 and @entity9914 expression and function are altered in a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs, such as @entity565 , @entity566 , and @entity1577 . Our prior studies are the first to identify the presence of these proteins in the @entity1 sinonasal cavity. The objective of this study was to immunolocalize @entity3231 and @entity9914 in @entity1 sinonasal tissue. METHODS: Sinonasal mucosal biopsies were performed in @entity1 with various forms of chronic @entity5072 with @entity1412 and nondiseased mucosa from @entity1 undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. (n = 10) Immunolocalization of surfactant proteins was performed with antibodies to @entity3231 and @entity9914 using immunoperoxidase staining technique. Isotype-negative controls were performed on all specimens. RESULTS: Analyses of mucosal biopsy specimens from @entity1 sinonasal tissue reveals staining within respiratory and intermediate (metaplastic)-type surface epithelium. In addition, staining was intense in the submucosal ductal epithelium of the seromucinous glands. These properties appear to be consistent regardless of disease state and location within the sinuses. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to immunolocalize @entity3231 and @entity9914 in sinonasal @entity1 mucosa. These are secreted proteins that are intricately involved in innate immunity in the lungs. Their secretion in the upper airway indicates that future studies may allow manipulation of these proteins and development of novel treatments for sinonasal pathology.

title: Immunolocalization of XXXX and D in sinonasal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity3231 :: (653509,Gene) :: ['surfactant protein A']


abstract: The role of vagus nerve was studied in the development of @entity1819 induced by @entity1068 ( @entity167 ). The investigations were carried out on @entity35 . The @entity1819 was produced by i.g. administration of 1 ml 96% @entity167 . Acute surgical vagotomy (ASV) was carried out 30 min, chronic surgical vagotomy (CSV) 14 days before the @entity167 application. The animals were sacrificed at 0, 1, 5, 15, 60 min after @entity167 . Evans blue (EB) (1 mg/100 g) was given i.v. 15 min before autopsy. The number and severity of lesions the EB accumulation of the gastric juice and gastric mucosa were noted. It was found, that: 1. The vascular permeability increased after @entity167 treatment at an early state (within 1-5 min) in association to the macroscopic appearance of erosions. 2. The number and extension of lesions, the EB concentrations in gastric juice and gastric mucosa were significantly higher both after ASV and CSV. 3. Surgical vagotomy alone did not increase the vascular permeability. 4. No significant @entity1066 formation was observed in vagotomized @entity35 without @entity167 treatment. It was concluded, that 1. Both ASV and CSV enhanced the development of @entity1819 induced by @entity1068 . 2. Neither acute nor chronic surgical vagotomy exerted an effect of the development of @entity3137 and vascular permeability without the application of the noxious agent. 3. The further increase of enhanced vascular permeability by vagotomy probably has an etiologic role in the aggravating effect of ASV and CSV on the development of chemical-induced lesions.

title: Acute and chronic surgical vagotomy (SV) and gastric mucosal vascular permeability in XXXX treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal damage', 'gastric mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to report @entity2123 following surgical procedures for the treatment of temporomandibular pathology, using the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system (HBFNGS) as a means of classifying and measuring the degree and @entity130 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 32 @entity1 who underwent @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) surgery. A total of 50 approaches were carried out. Surgical procedures consisted of @entity1348 reconstruction, gap arthroplasty, eminectomy, bone plates for the treatment of chronic mandibular luxation, and disc plication. Facial nerve function of all @entity1 was evaluated preoperatively and 24 hours after surgery. @entity1 who presented postoperative @entity2123 were likewise examined using the HBFNGS at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 32 @entity1 , 12.5% (ie, 8% of the 50 approaches) showed signs of @entity2123 after @entity1348 surgery. The prevalence of postoperative @entity2123 was significantly greater in the @entity1 who had @entity3947 (P = .014) and in those submitted to gap arthroplasty (P = .011). At 24 hours, none of the @entity1 showed @entity2895 or @entity409 , only a moderately @entity409 (50%), or moderate @entity409 (50%). The forehead was the most affected area measured. At 3 months, all @entity1 had recovered their normal @entity2103 . The overall improvement in @entity2103 was 40% for the @entity1 classified initially with moderately @entity409 and 60% for those with moderate @entity409 . CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity2123 was related to the diagnosis of the temporomandibular pathology and surgical procedures. @entity2103 was shown to be of a temporary nature. Moreover, there is a need to standardize the reporting of facial nerve recovery.

title: Prospective study of XXXX after surgical procedures for the treatment of temporomandibular pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction', 'severe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve impairment', 'facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['total nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve function']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: @entity6984 are rare and their prognosis is poor. Long term survival can be expected only after a surgical resection, the treatment of choice. The aim of this study is to report our single centre experience and, by literature analysis, to define the role of surgery in the treatment of @entity201 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 1998, 27 @entity1 affected by @entity6984 were observed. Eight @entity1 and seven @entity1 (mean age 59 years) underwent surgical resection. Thirteen @entity1 (86%) had curative resection (7 hilar resection (HR), 4 HR combined with partial hepatectomy (PH) and 2 HR + PH with portal vein resection). Two @entity1 (13%) had palliative biliary resection and surgical drainage. RESULTS: One in-hospital @entity204 was recorded after a right hepatectomy with portal vein resection (6.6%). Postoperative morbidity rate was 40%. @entity1 were regularly followed up to date or to @entity204 . Ten @entity1 died and 5 survived. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate after curative resection was 84%, 54% and 34%. The median survival was 28.5 months. Lymph node involvement did not show a statistically significant difference on median survival between the positive group and the negative group (26.2 vs 29.8 months), nor did perineural invasion, because of the small number of @entity1 . The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rate after isolated hilar resection was 100%, 57.1%, 28.6% and 0. Four out of 6 @entity1 who underwent hilar resection combined with partial hepatectomy are still alive 1, 23, 29, 38 months after resection. Hepatectomy increased mortality (16% vs 0). Palliative biliary resection and surgical drainage were successfully performed in 2 @entity1 with satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical treatment of @entity6984 can improve @entity1 ' survival. Careful preoperative management has to be carried out by a multidisciplinary approach including surgeons, gastroenterologists, radiologists and pathologists. Hepatic resection involving the caudate lobe is often performed in order to obtain microscopic @entity5 -free margins and curative resection (R0). Biliary drainage and treatment of @entity255 is mandatory before surgery in order to improve surgical outcome. Surgical treatment is characterized by high technical difficulties and better results can be achieved by hepatobiliary surgical teams.

title: Diagnostic and surgical features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumors', "Klatskin's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity6984 :: (MESH:D018285,Disease) :: ['Klatskin tumors']


abstract: Although 2-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity715 , nonobstructive clots located on mitral valve rings can be missed. Real-time 3-dimensional (3D) TEE has incremental value in the visualization of mitral prosthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of real-time 3D TEE in the diagnosis of mitral prosthetic ring @entity715 . The clinical outcomes of these @entity1 in relation to real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiographic findings were analyzed. Of 1,263 @entity1 who underwent echocardiographic studies, 174 @entity1 (37 @entity1 , 137 @entity1 ) with mitral ring @entity715 detected by real-time 3D TEE constituted the main study population. @entity1 were followed prospectively on oral anticoagulation for 25    7 months. Eighty-nine @entity1 (51%) had thrombi that were missed on 2D TEE and depicted only on real-time 3D TEE. The remaining cases were partially visualized with 2D TEE but completely visualized with real-time 3D TEE. Thirty-seven @entity1 (21%) had @entity1031 . The mean thickness of the ring @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity1031 was greater than that in @entity1 without @entity1031 (3.8    0.9 vs 2.8    0.7 mm, p <0.001). One hundred fifty-five @entity1 (89%) underwent real-time 3D TEE during follow-up. There were no thrombi in 39 @entity1 (25%); 45 (29%) had regression of thrombi, and there was no change in thrombus size in 68 @entity1 (44%). @entity715 size increased in 3 @entity1 (2%). @entity715 was confirmed surgically and histopathologically in 12 @entity1 (7%). In conclusion, real-time 3D TEE can detect prosthetic mitral ring @entity715 that could be missed on 2D TEE and cause @entity1031 events.

title: Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of mechanical prosthetic mitral valve ring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: The biosimilar industry is witnessing an unprecedented growth with the newer therapeutics increasing in complexity over time. A key step towards development of a biosimilar is to establish analytical comparability with the innovator product, which would otherwise affect the safety/efficacy profile of the product. Choosing appropriate analytical tools that can fulfil this objective by qualitatively and/or quantitatively assessing the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the product is highly critical for establishing equivalence. These CQAs cover the primary and higher order structures of the product, product related variants and impurities, as well as process related impurities, and host cell related impurities. In the present work, we use such an analytical platform for assessing comparability of five approved @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) biosimilars (Emgrast, Lupifil, Colstim, Neukine and Grafeel) to the innovator product, @entity17083 (  ). The comparability studies involve assessing structural homogeneity, identity, secondary structure, and product related modifications. Physicochemical analytical tools include peptide mapping with mass determination, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, @entity2763 ( @entity2763 ) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) have been used in this exercise. Bioactivity assessment include comparison of relative potency through in vitro cell proliferation assays. The results from extensive analytical examination offer robust evidence of structural and biological similarity of the products under consideration with the pertinent innovator product. For the most part, the biosimilar drugs were found to be comparable to the @entity600 that was identified was that three of the biosimilars had a typical variant which was reported as an oxidized species in the literature. But, upon further investigation using @entity2763 -FLD and ESI-MS we found that this is likely a conformational variant of the biotherapeutic been studied.

title: Assessing analytical comparability of biosimilars: XXXX as a case study.

entities_list: @entity2763 :: ('MESH:D000210', 'Disease') :: ['RPC', 'reverse phase chromatography']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['GCSF', 'Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['innovator drug anomaly']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['GCSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1555 are @entity1112 caused by mutations in the @entity4714 gene, which affect approximately 1 in 3,500 and 1 in 18,000 @entity1 , respectively. The aim of this work was to develop a method to assist the diagnosis and classification of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A large data set of @entity4714 mutations was detected in 167 Chinese @entity1 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and sequencing. Muscle biopsy, immunohistochemistry and STR analysis were also carried out in the @entity1 and carriers. RESULTS: One hundred and three deletions, 23 duplications and two-point mutations. The deletion of one or more exons was detected in 103 (61.7%) @entity1 . The region spanning exons 44-55 was the most frequent deletion. The duplication was identified in 23 (13.8%) @entity1 , which was more common than previously reported. Most duplications were found in exons 2-18. Six out of the 45 muscle biopsies analyzed showed the presence of other @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: This study may be important to enable comparisons of mutation type and the most appropriate analytical approach for samples from different geographical areas and ethnicities.

title: XXXX : a clinical, genetic and immunohistochemical study in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked diseases']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle diseases']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Impairment of executive functions (EFs) was investigated in @entity1 with @entity1779 after @entity2500 . Several EFs were measured in @entity1 with @entity2500 and healthy subjects. The vascular conditions, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), mean transit time ( @entity98 ), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and delay time were assessed. The scores of the @entity455 /occlusion group were significantly lower than those of the control group. rCBV and rCBF were negatively correlated with the error response times in the Stroop test, and the persistent error responses in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. @entity1054 was positively correlated with the reaction and error reaction times, and the persistent error response in WCST was negatively correlated with the times of sorting in WCST and MoCA scores. @entity98 was positively correlated with the persistent error response in WCST. In the Stroop test, delay time was positively correlated with response time, and negatively correlated with error response times, and the persistent error response in WCST and MoCA scores. @entity1 with @entity1779 after @entity2500 had @entity409 in working memory, sustained attention, response inhibition, @entity73 , thought organization, planning, and implementation. Moreover, their @entity409 were related with the decline in rCBF and rCBV. The prolonged @entity1054 , @entity98 , and delay time suggested a slow blood flow and the poor compensation of collateral circulation, resulting in @entity73 .

title: @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity1779 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral angiostenosis/occlusion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'impairment of the EFs']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to peak']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['cerebral angiostenosis/occlusion']


abstract: In our previous study, we demonstrated that type II @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase ( @entity6709 II) was expressed at lower levels in different @entity1 @entity5 cell lines and that exogenous @entity6709 II inhibited @entity4179 ( @entity4179 )-induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signaling. In order to investigate its functions further in this signaling pathway, it is necessary to elucidate whether endogenous @entity6709 has the same effect or not. This study aimed to investigate the possible inhibitory effect of endogenous @entity6709 activity on @entity4179 -induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signal transduction in @entity1 @entity2 cells and its mechanism. @entity1 @entity151 cells (SCLCs) were treated with the @entity6709 -selective @entity6708 analog @entity29742 to activate endogenous @entity6709 , @entity4179 and @entity6708 followed by @entity4179 , respectively. The results showed that increased endogenous @entity6709 activity inhibited the @entity4179 -induced phosphorylation of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and the binding between @entity25941 and @entity10240 . In addition, @entity4179 -triggered Ras activation was reversed by increased endogenous @entity6709 activity. While the @entity4179 -induced phosphorylation of MEK and @entity3963 were inhibited by increased endogenous @entity6709 activity, there was a significant increase of phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p- @entity19319 ) at Ser239. Furthermore, we investigated whether endogenous @entity6709 exerted its effects on @entity4179 -induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signaling through phosphorylation of @entity19319 at Ser239. Downregulation of the levels of p- @entity19319 Ser239 by point mutation blocked the effects of endogenous @entity6709 on @entity4179 -induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signal transduction. The data shown here suggest that endogenous @entity6709 reverses the @entity4179 -induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signaling pathway by phosphorylating @entity19319 at Ser239.

title: Endogenous @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase reverses XXXX -induced MAPK/ @entity3963 signal transduction through phosphorylation of @entity19319 at Ser239.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment outcome after surgery alone is unsatisfactory in @entity235 with invasive @entity5 . HYPOTHESIS: Adjuvant @entity632 or @entity1205 will improve the treatment outcome in @entity235 with high-risk @entity5 , and the use of @entity1205 will be feasible in affected @entity235 . ANIMALS: Thirty-one @entity235 with @entity5 of histologic stages II and III (vascular or lymphatic invasion, regional lymph node @entity3 , or distant @entity3 ) were used. METHODS: A prospective clinical trial in which @entity235 were treated with surgery alone (n = 19) or also received adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 12) with @entity632 or @entity1205 was conducted. @entity1205 was given as an IV infusion at a dose of 30 mg/m2 preceded by @entity619 and @entity3933 administration. RESULTS: The recurrence-free interval ranged from 13 to 2,585 days (median not reached); the median @entity3 -free interval and overall survival were 294 days and 370 days, respectively. @entity235 treated with chemotherapy had a tendency toward higher long-term local control and survival rates, but there was no significant difference in the recurrence-free interval (P = .17), time to @entity3 (P = .71), and overall survival (P = .12). Factors found to influence the time to @entity3 and overall survival included lymph node @entity3 (P = .009) and @entity5 fixation to underlying structures (P = .043, time to @entity3 ), as well as age (P = .018) and histologic stage (P < .001, survival). Mild allergic skin reactions were the most frequently observed complications of @entity1205 treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Chemotherapy did not lead to an improved outcome in this population. @entity1205 treatment was well tolerated. Additional investigations of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity235 with high-risk mammary @entity5 are warranted.

title: Postoperative adjuvant treatment of invasive @entity5 in @entity235 with XXXX and @entity1205 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant mammary gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes swell in response to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) exposure. The experimental approach consisted of an electrical impedance method designed to measure cell volume. In chronic experiments, @entity167 (100 mM) was added to the culture media for 1, 3, or 7 days. The cells were subsequently exposed for 15 min to isotonic buffer (122 mM @entity1219 ) also containing 100 mM @entity167 . Subsequently, the cells were washed and exposed to @entity2421 buffer (112 mM @entity1219 ) containing 100 mM @entity2656 . Chronic exposure to @entity167 led to a marked increase in cell volume compared with control cells. Specific anion cotransport blockers, such as SITS, DIDS, @entity1483 , or @entity11623 , when simultaneously added with @entity167 to hyponatremic buffer, failed to reverse the @entity167 -induced effect on @entity4 . In acute experiments, confluent neonatal @entity35 primary astrocyte cultures were exposed to isotonic media (122 mM @entity1219 ) for 15 min, followed by 45-min exposure to @entity2421 media (112 mM @entity1219 , mimicking in vivo hyponatremic conditions associated with @entity167 withdrawal) in the presence of 0-100 mM @entity167 . This exposure led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell volume. Combined, these studies suggest that astrocytes exposed to @entity167 accumulate compensatory organic solutes to maintain cell volume, and that in response to @entity2753 and @entity167 withdrawal their volume increases to a greater extent than in cells exposed to @entity2753 alone. Furthermore, the changes associated with @entity167 are osmotic in nature, and they are not reversed by anion cotransport blockers.

title: @entity1068 -induced @entity4 in neonatal XXXX primary astrocyte cultures.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Preeclampsia affects 3-8% of pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system may play a role in the development of @entity1468 . An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( @entity1289 -I/D) has been associated with differences in @entity1289 activity. However, there are controversies in reports on the association of @entity1289 -I/D with @entity1468 . Data were analyzed using Review Manager Version 5.0 and a random effects model was applied irrespective of between studies heterogeneity, which was evaluated via sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Publication bias was evaluated using the fail-safe number. A systematic search was performed based on published case control studies up to October 1, 2011, and 11 studies were included, involving 800 @entity1 and 949 controls. Significant association of the @entity1289 D allele with increase risk of @entity1468 was found (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-3.12; P = 0.008). Sensitivity analysis showed that no individual study had an undue influence on the summary odds ratios for all contrasts. An analysis stratified by study size showed an attenuated odds ratio towards a null effect as study size increased. Based on our meta-analysis, we suggest that the D allele of the @entity1289 gene is related with increased risk for @entity1468 in the Chinese population. Considering the potential existence of small study bias, further research should be performed with a larger dataset.

title: Meta analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism as a risk factor for XXXX in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a correlation between an increase in glomerular permeability, the magnitude of @entity130 , and the severity of illness. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Two university hospital intensive care units. @entity1 : Forty consecutive critically ill @entity130 @entity1 admitted directly to the intensive care unit within 120 mins of their injuries. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For each @entity1 , urine was collected from the time of admission until 7 am the next day. Within 48 hrs, only one sample of all urine collected (5 mL) was examined for microalbuminuria and urinary @entity1011 . Results were expressed as the microalbuminuria/urinary @entity1011 ratio (MACR). The mortality rate in the intensive care unit, Injury Severity Score at the moment of admission, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score in the first 24 hrs were calculated for each @entity1 . The data were analyzed using the Pearson test for linear regression and Student's t-test. During the first 24 hrs after @entity130 , there was an increase of MACR (6.9 +/- 0.6 mg/mmol) above normal (reference range, <3 mg/mmol) that was positively correlated with Injury Severity Score (31.4 +/- 1.9; r2 = .73, p < .05). However, there was no correlation between MACR, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, and mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity130 show an increase in glomerular permeability during the first 24 hrs after injury. The magnitude of this increase is correlated with the extent of @entity130 but does not seem significant enough to be predictive of severity of illness and/or outcome.

title: Glomerular permeability and XXXX : a correlation between microalbuminuria and Injury Severity Score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomised clinical trials are the 'gold standard' for evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. However, successful recruitment of @entity1 remains a key challenge for many trialists. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for creating a digital, population-based database for the recruitment of @entity565 @entity1 into future @entity565 trials in the UK. Having set up the database, the goal is to then make it available to support investigators planning @entity565 clinical trials. METHODS: The UK Database of Asthma Research Volunteers will comprise a web-based front-end that interactively allows @entity1 registration, and a back-end that houses the database containing @entity1 ' key relevant data. The database will be hosted and maintained at a secure server at the Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research based at The University of Edinburgh. Using a range of invitation strategies, key demographic and clinical data will be collected from those pre-consenting to consider participation in clinical trials. These data will, with consent, in due course, be linkable to other healthcare, social, economic, and genetic datasets. To use the database, @entity565 investigators will send their eligibility criteria for @entity1 recruitment; eligible @entity1 will then be informed about the new trial and asked if they wish to participate. A steering committee will oversee the running of the database, including approval of usage access. Novel communication strategies will be utilised to engage @entity1 who are recruited into the database in order to avoid @entity6661 as a result of waiting time to participation in a suitable trial, and to minimise the risk of their being approached when already enrolled in a trial. RESULTS: The value of this database will be whether it proves useful and usable to researchers in facilitating recruitment into clinical trials on @entity565 and whether @entity1 privacy and data security are protected in meeting this aim. CONCLUSIONS: Successful recruitment is fundamental to the success of a clinical trial. The UK Database of Asthma Research Volunteers, the first of its kind in the context of @entity565 , presents a novel approach to overcoming recruitment barriers and will facilitate the catalysing of important clinical trials on @entity565 in the UK.

title: Building a recruitment database for XXXX trials: a conceptual framework for the creation of the UK Database of Asthma Research Volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The "3 in 1" block and the femoral @entity616 are widely used for lower limb surgery and postoperative @entity1337 . Whether these blocks are in fact a same regional block with two different names or represent definitively two different blocks remains controversial. A large number of anatomical as well as functional variations of the lumbar plexus have been described and complicate a rational analysis of the spread of local anaesthetics following these blocks. Anatomical, radiological and especially clinical data seem to confirm that these blocks are to be distinguished from one another. @entity2096 requires the use of a nerve stimulator and has a high success rate in the territory of the femoral nerve; a spread towards other lumbar nerves, especially the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, is sometimes observed. The "3 in 1" block is supported by the idea of diffusion within a space that is located after going through two fascial layers. Even in experienced hands, the success predictive value is not high. However, once the "3 in 1" block is well performed, a complete anaesthesia covering the territories of the femoral nerve, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and the obturator nerve occurs. Specific indications of each technique are different: major knee surgery and postoperative @entity1337 for the "3-in-1" block and leg surgery for femoral @entity616 . The best approach for knee arthroscopy remains open for discussion.

title: [Three-in-one block or femoral XXXX . What should be done and how?].

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate the findings of CT and ileoobturator lymphadenectomy in @entity1 with localized @entity263 . METHODS: 94 @entity1 with @entity263 were evaluated. Ileoobturator lymphadenectomy and brachytherapy were performed in 61.1%, radical prostatectomy in 22.5% and lymphadenectomy with prostatic labeling for subsequent external radiation therapy in 5%. Lymph node CT and pathology findings were correlated. RESULTS: Of 92 @entity1 with a normal CT scan, 18 had positive nodes and 19.1% were understaged. Two @entity1 with a CT scan suggestive of metastatic adenopathy had negative pathology findings. Seventy-two of the 92 @entity1 with normal CT scans had negative nodes, accounting for a specificity of 76.6%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic lymph node involvement changes the prognosis of @entity263 . However, the ability of CT to detect lymph node @entity3 is limited. It is therefore not a reliable method and raises the costs of staging unnecessarily.

title: [Correlation between computed axial tomography and ileum obturating lymphadenectomy in localized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study whether the metabolic information provided by a prior PET/computed tomography (CT) scan can add valuable information and an incremental benefit while performing image-guided biopsies. METHODS: @entity419 (F-FDG) PET/CT findings of 112 @entity1 were available before biopsy and were considered for analysis. Biopsies were performed using standard techniques only after the needle tip was confirmed to be in the portion of the lesion corresponding to the @entity2495 area seen on PET. This was achieved by visual coregistration and also by software registration algorithms that registered the intraprocedural CT images with the preselected PET/CT data. Only those biopsies for which a definitive histopathological diagnosis could be made were considered 'diagnostic'. Cases in which PET/CT added an incremental value were divided into three categories. RESULTS: A total of 112 @entity1 (66 male and 46 female, age range 16-74 years) underwent a biopsy based on PET findings. The biopsy sites were as follows: lung, 54; lymph nodes, 27; bone, 12; and soft-tissue masses/deposits, 19. Out of the 112 biopsies, an incremental benefit was seen overall in 53 @entity1 (47.3%): in 40.7% (22/54) of @entity1 who underwent lung biopsies, 44.4% (12/27) of those who underwent lymph node biopsies, 66.6% (8/12) of those who underwent bone biopsies and 57.8% (11/19) of those who underwent soft-tissue biopsies. Out of the cases that showed an incremental benefit, the highest number (30) belonged to the category in which the biopsy sample was obtained from the focal @entity2495 portion of the apparently larger morphological lesion seen on CT. CONCLUSION: PET/CT data coregistered with intraprocedural CT images can guide needle placement in the viable portion of the lesion, thus increasing the chances of achieving a definitive diagnosis. This approach can offer a significant incremental benefit while performing image-guided biopsies.

title: XXXX PET/CT-directed biopsy: does it offer incremental benefit?

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) plays a critical role in @entity5 . A polymorphism in the @entity4179 gene ( @entity4179 +61) may influence its expression and contribute to @entity5 predisposition and @entity146 . In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of @entity4179 +61 in @entity11 susceptibility and prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A case-control study involving 197 @entity11 @entity1 and 570 controls was done. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratio ( @entity3271 ) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). @entity2849 was also assessed. The luciferase reporter gene assay was used to ascertain the functional consequences of this polymorphism. RESULTS: Corroborating the univariate analysis, the multivariate model showed that the G allele conferred higher risks for @entity11 ( @entity3271 , 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.67), @entity463 ( @entity3271 , 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02-2.10), and @entity3271 ( @entity3271 , 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07-2.23). The GG genotypes were associated with increased risk for @entity11 ( @entity3271 , 1.71; 95% CI, 1.07-2.73), @entity463 ( @entity3271 , 2.03; 95% CI, 1.02-4.05), and @entity3271 ( @entity3271 , 2.72; 95% CI, 1.18-6.28). In addition, the AG+GG genotypes were associated with higher risk for @entity11 ( @entity3271 , 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.23) and @entity3271 ( @entity3271 , 2.80; 95% CI, 1.35-5.79). No significant association was observed between the @entity4179 +61 polymorphism and @entity463 or @entity3271 @entity1 ' overall survival. The luciferase reporter gene assay exhibited a significant increased promoter activity for the G variant compared with the reference A allele. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the role of the @entity4179 +61 polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for development of @entity11 and show its implication on @entity4179 promoter activity.

title: Association between functional XXXX +61 polymorphism and @entity11 risk.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['False-positive report probability']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma', 'OR']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: We experienced a 12-year-old @entity1 with paroxysmal exertion (exercise)-induced @entity910 (PED). His attacks, characterized by painless paralytic stiffness of the extremities during running or playing, developed at 4 years of age. He was initially diagnosed as having @entity302 based on @entity302 discharges on interictal EEG. Although several anti- @entity302 drugs were not effective, clorazepate was found to be very useful for complete control of attacks for 3 years. His attacks recurred at 8 years of age and appeared to be aggravated by psychological stress, @entity25 . His attacks were confirmed to be non- @entity302 paroxysmal @entity2845 with rigid @entity1688 , by ictal video EEG recording, and he was diagnosed as having PED. They did not respond to various anti- @entity302 drugs and L-dopa/carbidopa. His attacks were reduced to some extent by administration of @entity5774 . PED is a very rare condition and similar to @entity910 ( @entity910 ). There is a strong possibility that @entity1 with PED have been misdiagnosed as @entity910 .

title: [A @entity1 with paroxysmal exertion-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia', 'PKD']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and lack of sleep']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standard treatment of unresectable @entity5 is concurrent chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 in @entity558 , but where the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen has not been determined. METHODS: @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 received @entity1814 (80 mg/m2) and @entity1311 on day 1 every 4 weeks for 3-4 cycles and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 fractions for 6 weeks) starting on day 1. The dose of @entity1311 was escalated from 120 mg/m2 in level 1, 135 mg/m2 in level 2 to 150 mg/m2 in level 3. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 (14 males and 4 females, with a median age of 62.5 years) were evaluated in this study. Full cycles of chemotherapy were administered in 83% of @entity1 in level 1, and in 50% of @entity1 in levels 2 and 3. No more than 50% of @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity1398 . Transient grade 3 @entity2910 and @entity281 were noted in one @entity1 , and unacceptable @entity55 was noted in three (17%) @entity1 , two of whom died of the @entity137 . Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT), evaluated in 15 @entity1 , noted in one of the six @entity1 in level 1, three of the six @entity1 in level 2 and one of the three @entity1 in level 3. One DLT at level 2 developed later as radiation @entity55 . Thus, the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be level 1. The overall response rate (95% confidence interval) was 67% (41-87%) with 12 partial responses. CONCLUSION: The doses of @entity1311 and @entity1814 could not be escalated as a result of severe @entity358 .

title: Phase I study of cisplatin analogue @entity1814 , @entity1311 , and thoracic radiotherapy for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Growth hormone (GH) has numerous functions in different organisms. A recently described function for GH is its role in protecting against damage caused by a decrease in @entity26 levels. To evaluate the effects of GH-transgenesis on @entity519 tolerance, we used a GH-transgenic @entity3392 model. We found that the transgenic fish have higher mortality rates when exposed to low @entity26 levels (1.5 mg O   L(-1)) for 24 h. The lower capacity of GH-transgenic fish to manage a @entity519 environment was investigated by analyzing different metabolic and molecular factors. The transgenic fish showed increased @entity26 consumption, which confirms the larger @entity26 demand imposed by transgenesis. At the gene expression level, transgenesis increased @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity908 kinase muscle (CKM) expression in fish under normoxic conditions. This result suggests that excessive GH expression stimulates the synthesis of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism. Conversely, the interaction between transgenesis and @entity519 caused an increased expression of hemoglobin (Hb), @entity519 -inducible factor ( @entity43331 ) and @entity10783 -4-hydroxylase (PHD) genes. Additionally, GH-transgenesis increased LDH activity and increased lactate content. Taken together, these findings indicate that GH-transgenesis impaired the ability of juvenile @entity3392 to sustain an aerobic metabolism and induced anaerobic metabolism when the fish were challenged with low @entity26 levels.

title: Growth hormone overexpression generates an unfavorable phenotype in juvenile transgenic XXXX under @entity519 conditions.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: @entity10102 (IP6), abundant in cereals and legumes, has been demonstrated to be a promising anticancer agent in different in vivo and in vitro models. Because IP6 is particularly abundant in the bran part of certain mature seeds such as @entity3505 , we investigated whether a high-fiber bran diet containing high IP6 shows a dose-response inhibition of @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity35 mammary @entity105 . Starting at two weeks before @entity106 intubation, @entity35 were divided into five groups and fed AIN-76A diet only or AIN-76A diet containing 5%, 10%, or 20% Kelloggs' All Bran; the fifth group received 0.4% IP6 given in drinking water, an amount equivalent to the IP6 content in 20% bran. After carcinogen administration, the @entity35 remained on these regimens for 29 weeks. Compared with the carcinogen control, at 29th week, @entity5 incidence was reduced by 16.7%, 14.6%, and 11.4% in @entity35 fed 5%, 10%, and 20% bran, respectively (not statistically significant). However, @entity35 given 0.4% IP6 in drinking water, equivalent to that in 20% bran, had a 33.5% @entity5 incidence (p < 0.02) and 48.8% fewer @entity5 (p < 0.03). These data show that supplemental dietary fiber in the form of bran exhibited a very modest, statistically nonsignificant inhibitory effect, which was also not dose dependent. In contrast, animals given IP6 showed significant @entity5 number, incidence, and multiplicity. Thus IP6 an active substance responsible for cereal's beneficial anticancer effect, is clearly more effective than 20% bran in the diet. In practical terms, intake of IP6 may be a more pragmatic approach than gorging enormous quantities of fiber for @entity5 prophylaxis.

title: Comparison of pure @entity10102 and high-bran diet in the prevention of @entity106 -induced XXXX mammary @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction in tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10102 :: ('MESH:D010833', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol hexaphosphate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in uterine and umbilical arteries during laparoscopy in @entity1 pregnancy. DESIGN: Case series (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: University tertiary care referral center for high-risk pregnancy and minimally invasive surgery. @entity1 : Nine pregnant @entity1 who underwent first- and second-trimester laparoscopic surgery because of an @entity4134 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic cyst enucleation or annessiectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No maternal complications and no miscarriages or adverse pregnancy outcome occurred. Mean (SD) gestational age at delivery was 39.1 (0.7) weeks, birth weight was 3390 (298) g, and Apgar score at 5 minutes was 9.6 (0.5). Mean uterine resistance index, umbilical artery pulsatility index, and fetal heart rate were measured using transvaginal ultrasonography at various times during surgery. Mean uterine resistance index and umbilical artery pulsatility index values remained constant during laparoscopy. Fetal heart rate was maintained in the normal range (120-160 bpm) but progressively decreased during the surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 pregnancy, laparoscopic techniques do not seem to modify uteroplacental perfusion evaluated using noninvasive ultrasonography.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: fetomaternal blood flow indices during laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['Adnexal masses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Out of hospital @entity1167 is a devastating event and is associated with poor outcomes; however, @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) is a novel treatment which may improve neurological outcome and decrease mortality. Despite this, @entity2332 is not uniformly implemented across Coronary Care and Intensive Care Units in Canada. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral recovery and mortality rates between @entity1 in our Coronary Care Unit who received @entity2332 with a historical control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of @entity1 admitted to a tertiary care center with @entity1167 . Twenty @entity1 who were admitted and cooled after December 2006 were compared with 29 noncooled @entity1 admitted in the 5 years prior as a historical control group. The primary outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Eleven of 20 (11/20, 55%) @entity1 who were cooled as per protocol survived to hospital discharge, all having a good neurological outcome. Eleven of 29 (11/29, 38%) noncooled @entity1 survived to hospital discharge (Odds Ratio: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.16- 1.60, P=0.26). Eleven of 20 @entity1 who were cooled had a good neurological outcome (CPS I-II, 11/20, 55%), versus 7 of 29 (7/29, 24%) of noncooled @entity1 (Odds ratio: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.13- 13.1, P=0.03). One hundred percent (11/11) of survivors in the cooled group had a good neurological outcome. CONCLUSION: In our center, the use of @entity2332 in @entity1167 survivors was associated with improved neurological outcome.

title: @entity2332 for XXXX : An analysis comparing cooled and not cooled groups at a Canadian center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest']


abstract: This evidence review addresses whether @entity164 2 @entity6 genomic risk panels improve health outcomes (e.g., reduce rates of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 ) in low- or high-risk adults; two clinical scenarios promulgated by commercial companies offering such testing. Evidence for the analytic validity of available genomic profiles was inadequate. Clinical validity ranged from inadequate to convincing for 30 variants identified on five @entity164 2 @entity6 genomic panels and by genome-wide association studies. Eight common variants were identified for general population use; evidence credibility based on published criteria was strong for two variants, moderate for two variants, and weak for four variants. @entity8405 had the largest per-allele odds ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval 1.33-1.46). Models combining the best four, best eight, and all 30 variants used summary effect sizes, reported genotype frequencies, and assumed independent effects. Areas under the curve were 0.547, 0.551, and 0.570, respectively. In high-risk populations, per-allele odds ratios for @entity8405 alone were similar to those of the general population. @entity8405 , in combination with other variants, yielded minimal improvement in risk reclassification. Evidence on @entity8405 clinical validity was adequate. Three studies addressed the clinical utility of intervention effectiveness, stratified by @entity8405 genotype; none found significant interactions. Clinical utility evidence was inadequate. In addition to analytic validity and clinical utility knowledge gaps, additional gaps were identified regarding how to inform, produce, and evaluate models combining multiple variants.

title: Use of genomic panels to determine risk of developing @entity164 2 XXXX in the general population: a targeted evidence-based review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: 1. @entity3092 ( @entity29278 ) at the concentration of 10(-4) M, as well as 2-10(-2) M @entity2544 and 1.5 - 10(-4) M @entity1421 caused maximal rise of @entity1919 in @entity8270 cells. 2. No additional increase of @entity1919 level in these cells was found when both @entity3092 (10(-4) M) and @entity2544 (2-10(-2) M) were present in the incubation medium, while combination of @entity3092 (10(-4) M) and @entity1421 (1.5 - 10(-4) M) has a synergistic effect on the level of @entity1919 . 3. Degradation of @entity1919 by homogenate of @entity8270 cells was inhibited by both @entity3092 and @entity2544 . 4. @entity3092 , and to a smaller but significant extent @entity2544 , inhibited the @entity880 production in @entity8270 cells while @entity1421 did not change the glycolytic rate in these cells. No synergistic inhibitory effect on @entity880 production was found when combinations of @entity3092 and @entity1421 , @entity3092 and @entity2544 or @entity1421 and @entity2544 were tested. 5. Treatment of @entity8270 cells with dextran sulfate abolished the inhibitory effect of @entity3092 on @entity880 production, while the effect of the bioflavonoid on @entity1919 levels was not altered.

title: Regulation of @entity1919 level and XXXX production in @entity8270 cells.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: Contamination of groundwater by chlorinated solvents such as @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) and @entity3636 ( @entity39320 ) is a widespread problem. The cell exudates from the methanogen Methanosarcina thermophila are active in the degradation of @entity14605 and @entity39320 . This research was performed to characterize these exudates. Examination of the influence of pH indicated that activity was greater under alkaline conditions. Rapid @entity14605 degradation occurred from 35-65 degrees C, with first-order degradation rate coefficients increasing as temperature increased. It was found that proteins were not responsible for @entity14605 degradation. The active agents in the cell exudates were <10 kDa in size, with degradation activity present in both 1-10 kDa and <1 kDa size ranges. Upon purification of the <10 kDa size range of the cell exudates on a C(18) chromatography column, 17 fractions (out of 100) degraded >50% of the added @entity14605 in 8 h. These 17 fractions were pooled into three samples based on their elution time from the C(18) column. One of these pooled samples contained elevated levels of @entity1953 , @entity219 , and @entity68 , at 2, 3, and 13 times the levels measured in similarly fractionated and pooled samples of medium, respectively. The UV-visible spectrum of this pooled sample had an absorption maximum at 560-580 nm, which is similar to the absorption maxima of @entity1446 (approximately 550 and 575 nm). The two other pooled samples contained elevated levels of @entity219 at 11 and 22 times the concentration measured in similarly fractionated and pooled samples of medium, respectively, and also contained very low levels of @entity3406 , @entity1953 , and @entity68 . This research suggests that the cell exudates from @entity27339 contain porphorinogen-type molecules capable of dechlorination, possibly excreted corrinoids, hemes, and @entity219 -containing molecules.

title: Investigation of cell exudates active in @entity4314 and XXXX degradation.

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

answer: @entity3636 :: (MESH:D002725,Chemical) :: ['chloroform']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the less invasive procedures of hemilaminectomy and unilateral multilevel interlaminar fenestration (UMIF) on the cervical spinal biomechanics. METHODS: A validated nonlinear finite element model of the intact cervical spine (C2-C7) was modified to study the biomechanical changes as a result of surgical alteration for treatment of @entity5 at C3-6 using multilevel laminectomy (ML), multilevel hemilaminectomy (MHL) and UMIF with or without unilateral graded facetectomy. RESULTS: Under the load-controlled method, the greatest biomechanical changes occurred at the surgical segments. The largest increases occurred in flexion motions following ML approach with 70, 62 and 60 % increase at C3-4, C4-5 and @entity9509 , respectively. The increases were significantly reduced to no more than 14 % under MHL and UMIF. When combined with graded facetectomy, the changes in flexion under ML approach have a significantly further increase, up to 110 % at C3-4. The further increase was not significantly following MHL and UMIF, with no more than 31 % increase at C3-4, C4-5 and @entity9509 . The motion following UMIF was only slightly smaller in axial rotation than MHL. The maximum stresses in the annulus occurred during flexion in ML model, with 39, 34 and 38 % more stress than the intact at C3-4, C4-5 and @entity9509 , respectively. The increases of stress were significantly reduced to 5-7 % under MHL and UMIF. CONCLUSIONS: The less invasive approaches of UMIF and MHL greatly preserved the flexion motion (more than 48 %) of the cervical spine compared with laminectomy, and the preserved motion mean the low-risk of postoperative spinal instability. UMIF and MHL also reduced the increased stress of annulus caused by ML, and the lesser stress will lower the risk of @entity86 . The posterior bone elements play a slight role in spinal stability after removal of the attached ligaments.

title: Biomechanical comparison of laminectomy, hemilaminectomy and a new minimally invasive approach in the surgical treatment of multilevel cervical XXXX : a finite element analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intradural tumours']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative disc degeneration']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intradural tumour']


abstract: @entity977 are differentiated @entity5 expressing their appropriate mature hormone. Tumoral cells sometimes present with a defective physiological inhibitory or stimulatory control, resulting in paradoxical responses or nonresponsiveness to regulatory neurohormones. These abnormalities can be explained by defects at the intracellular transduction mechanism level. Knowledge of these defective pathways has made progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity977 possible. The discovery of mutations of @entity2163 named @entity2163 oncogenes in 40% of @entity1 @entity10759 represents one of the most important advances in this field. Other molecular alterations were identified but are rare and sporadic and the pathogenesis of @entity977 remains largely unknown. Abnormal transduction mechanisms may also result in a variable sensitivity of @entity5 to pharmacological therapy. The @entity935 agonist, @entity2847 , is able to normalize blood PRL levels and to reduce @entity5 size in the majority of @entity1 with @entity2013 , but is ineffective in 8-15% of them. Under physiological conditions, PRL secretion is under the tonic inhibitory control of @entity935 which binds D2 receptors negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Several defects in the dopaminergic transduction pathways participate in this @entity2847 resistance. The mean D2-binding site density is decreased to 50% as @entity5 . This loss of D2 receptors can account for a lower transcription level of its gene and is accompanied by modifications in the messenger alternative splicing; the D2 short isoform receptor expression decreases preferentially. A reduction in Gi2 alpha protein expression is also observed and is correlated to that of the D2 receptor. Finally, the pituitary-specific transcription factor @entity10914 expression is affected. A highly significant correlation was seen between the D2 receptor mRNA and @entity10914 mRNA levels. These defects observed on many levels of the dopaminergic transduction cascade may be the first steps in the loss of the functional features of differentiated @entity5 toward more @entity5 .

title: Abnormal transduction mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'proliferative tumors', 'compared to responsive tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotropinomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity989 refers to damage to the central macula caused by exposure to intense solar radiation, most frequently observed after a solar eclipse. OBJECTIVE: Description of the morphological changes in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the clinical course in @entity1 with @entity697 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a retrospective analysis of 12 eyes from 7 @entity1 with @entity989 after the partial solar eclipse on 20 March 2015. Best corrected visual acuity, fundus changes and SD-OCT findings were analyzed. Out of the 7 @entity1 5 underwent treatment with 1  mg @entity617 per kg body weight. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 30.1  13.1 years. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.65 at initial presentation. In the acute stage all affected eyes showed a small yellowish lesion in the centre of the fovea in the fundoscopic examination. In SD-OCT the continuity of all layers in the foveola appeared disrupted. In the follow-up examination these changes were partially resolved. After 2 months SD-OCT revealed a small defect of the ellipsoid zone. In one @entity1 the defect could not be shown due to slightly excentric imaging sections. Best corrected visual acuity increased to 0.97. CONCLUSION: The SD-OCT is an appropriate tool to determine the exact localization of the site of damage and for follow-up examination in @entity989 . In the acute phase it shows a disruption of the continuity of all layers in the foveola. Despite good recovery of visual acuity a small central defect of the ellipsoid zone remains in the long term.

title: [ XXXX : A case series after the partial solar eclipse on 20 March 2015].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute solar retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Solar retinopathy', 'solar retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Eclipse retinopathy']


abstract: As the most common inflammatory @entity272 in @entity1 , @entity483 begins in infancy or early childhood, with about 90% of cases appearing under age of 5. The prevalence of @entity483 has rapidly increased among @entity1 in recent years. Physiological and @entity854 and social impact are also well known in @entity1 with @entity483 and in their families. @entity483 not only seriously affects the quality of life of the @entity1 and their families but also is leading chronic disease in @entity1 with hard-to-cure.Recently, we found that the fermented extract of several plants had considerable potential to treat juvenile @entity483 . This extract therefore is now under investigation to find the underlying immunopathological mechanism by determining its inhibitory effects on @entity842 (NO) release and T cell proliferation. The fermented extract dose dependently blocked NO production. In particular, the inhibitory effect of the extract was maximized up until 80-fold dilution of the original extract. This extract did not induce cytotoxic effects up to 80-fold dilution. Interestingly, doses between 320- and 80-fold dilution significantly protected cell death mediated by LPS-induced NO production. The fermented extract also significantly suppressed CD3 induced T cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner.

title: Inhibitory effects of fermented nutraceuticals on NO production and T cell proliferation in juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['psychological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity167 worsens @entity943 produced by nonpenetrating @entity299 . Twenty-three @entity235 were studied. Twelve underwent nonpenetrating @entity299 alone at 12 m/sec with a contact compression of 2 cm. Eleven underwent @entity299 after having received intravenous @entity167 (blood level of 197 +/- 37 mg/100 ml) (mean +/- SD). Three @entity235 experienced @entity2224 immediately after impact and died: of these, two underwent impact alone and one underwent impact following @entity1068 . These three @entity235 were eliminated from the study. All of the @entity235 had some form of complex @entity943 during the first 10 minutes of observation, the average cumulative duration of which during the first 10 minutes following @entity130 was greater among @entity235 that received @entity1068 . No complex @entity943 other than ventricular premature contractions or @entity1165 were observed after the first 10 minutes following impact. During the first 2 hours of observation following @entity299 , @entity235 that received @entity167 before @entity130 showed more single @entity1540 (p less than 0.03), couplets (p less than 0.01), triplets (p less than 0.02), runs of 4-20 beats (p less than 0.05), and total number of @entity1540 (p less than 0.05) than @entity235 that underwent @entity130 alone. Following the first 10 minutes, ventricular irritability increased with time until approximately 1 hour, and then there was a gradual reduction of the frequency of @entity943 in both @entity235 that received @entity167 and those that did not. In conclusion, nonpenetrating @entity299 in @entity235 that previously received @entity1068 was associated with greater ventricular irritability than in @entity235 that underwent impact alone.

title: Effect of @entity167 upon XXXX following nonpenetrating @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac impact']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity2012 is a @entity395 caused by excess secretion of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), usually from a @entity977 . The prevalence of @entity2012 is 38-40 cases/1,000,000 subjects, while the annual incidence is 3 new cases/1,000,000 subjects. The increase in morbidity and mortality associated with @entity2012 is the result of @entity851 factor (IGF)-I oversecretion and the direct mass effect of the @entity977 . Once the disease is clinically suspected, laboratory evaluation is mandatory to establish diagnosis. The standard method for the diagnosis of @entity2012 has been the measuring of @entity2124 nadir ( @entity2124 ) during an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) which in normal individuals is undetectable, while acromegalics failed to suppress @entity2124 levels. Determination of @entity442 levels is useful as they correlate with clinical features of @entity2012 and with the 24-hour mean @entity2124 levels. According to the more recent consensus, a random @entity2124 <0.4 microg/l and @entity442 in the age- and gender-matched normal range exclude the diagnosis of @entity2012 . If either of these levels are not achieved, an OGTT should be performed, and then @entity2124 <1 microg/l during OGTT excludes @entity2012 . The therapeutic goals for @entity2012 include the relief of sings and symptoms, the control of the @entity5 mass, the correction of the biochemical markers to normal levels, and the reduction in morbidity and mortality to the expected rate for the normal population. According to the 2000 consensus criteria, biochemical control of @entity2012 is achieved when circulating @entity442 is reduced to an age- and sex-adjusted normal range and @entity2124 during OGTT is <1 microg/l. There is debate in the literature whether @entity2124 or @entity442 levels are more reliable to evaluate treatment of @entity2012 . It has been reported that 15% of acromegalics with @entity2124 <1 microg/l after treatment demonstrate abnormal @entity442 levels, while 15% of @entity1 with normal @entity442 fail to suppress @entity2124 levels <1 microg/l during the OGTT. Probably, @entity2124 and @entity442 levels represent two different aspects of disease activity in @entity2012 . While @entity442 evaluates the secretory function of the somatotropes, @entity2124 provides evidence of the presence or absence of functional autonomy of these cells.

title: Dynamic tests and basal values for defining active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['GH and insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary somatotrope adenoma', 'pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stressful life events are associated with @entity158 severity and chronicity. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains disputed. Recent animal studies suggest that chronic stress increases @entity158 sensitivity and persistence by enhancing peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. To test this hypothesis in @entity1 , the authors examined whether sensitization is enhanced in healthy @entity1 reporting more stressful life events using the topical @entity2951 test. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy young @entity1 reporting varying levels of stressful life events were invited for @entity158 testing. @entity2951 was applied topically to the volar forearm. Measurements included @entity2951 -induced spontaneous @entity158 and area of secondary @entity1931 in the region surrounding @entity2951 application. Physiological (heart rate and skin conductance) and self-reported affective (emotional valence and arousal) states were also measured. RESULTS: The results indicate that more stressful life events predicted a linear increase in the area of secondary @entity1931 (b   =   0.40, p = 0.023, R(2) = 0.16), but not the intensity of secondary @entity1931 nor @entity2951 -induced spontaneous @entity158 . These findings suggest that life stressors may be associated with heightened central sensitization manifested by an increased area of secondary @entity1931 . Additionally, life stressors were related to greater sympathetic cardiac, but not to affective responses to @entity2951 -induced @entity158 . CONCLUSION: This study shows that @entity1 reporting more stressful life events show a larger area of secondary mechanical @entity1931 . These preliminary findings suggest that life stressors may facilitate @entity158 processing by enhancing central sensitization.

title: Enhanced Area of Secondary @entity1931 in XXXX with Multiple Stressful Life Events: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'laboratory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The atypical antipsychotic @entity1089 is a first-line treatment for @entity161 . This non-interventional study (NCT01212575) evaluated the clinical use of its two formulations, extended release (XR) and immediate release (IR), in outpatients with @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: @entity1 who had received at least one dose of @entity1089 XR and/or IR were included. A dosage >= 400   mg/day was defined as antipsychotic. Medical records data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 186 enrolled @entity1 , 99 (53%) and 87 (47%) received @entity1089 XR and IR, respectively. Use in antipsychotic dosage was seen for 89% XR versus 63% IR @entity1 (mean daily dose >= 400   mg/day; p   <   0.0001). 75% XR and 53% IR @entity1 used dosages >= 600   mg/day (p   =   0.0019). @entity1089 XR was used at higher mean daily dosages than IR (748 vs 566   mg/day; p   =   0.006). Forty-three @entity1 (23%) used both formulations concomitantly; 55 @entity1 (30%) used either XR or IR. @entity1089 IR was used as-needed in 44 @entity1 (23%); one @entity1 used XR as-needed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1089 XR was used more often in higher (antipsychotic) dosages; @entity1089 IR more frequently on an as-needed administration basis. Concomitant use was seen. These findings probably reflect the different profiles of XR/IR and advocate the need for both formulations to offer treatment choice.

title: A retrospective study of clinical usage of XXXX XR and @entity1089 IR in outpatients with @entity161 in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anthropometric measurements of body mass index, @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) and intra-abdominal fat (IAF) for their utility in predicting @entity532 following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopic or robotic partial nephrectomy between August 2006 and July 2012 by a single surgeon. Measurements of @entity1661 and IAF were obtained from preoperative cross-sectional imaging available through our institution's imaging archive. Preoperative clinical parameters, including BMI, @entity1661 and IAF, were evaluated for associations with @entity260 , operative time and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: In total, 257 @entity1 underwent a minimally invasive partial nephrectomy during the study period. Of these @entity1 , 195 (75.9%) had preoperative scans available for analysis of @entity1661 and IAF. A total of 52 (26.7%) @entity1 experienced a Clavien grade I-IV complication within 30  days of surgery, 18 (34.6%) of which were grade III-IV. No @entity1 experienced a grade V  complication. On multivariate analysis, only increasing IAF (OR 1.05 [95% CI 1.02-1.09], P  =  .005) was associated with grade I-IV complications, while IAF (OR 1.05 [95% CI 1.00-1.10], P  = .04) and intermediate to high @entity5 complexity (OR 5.31 [95% CI 1.47-19.17], P  = .01) were associated with @entity532 . BMI, @entity1661 and IAF were not found to be independently associated with operative time or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: IAF is independently associated with complications following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. With further validation, this measurement may prove useful in the preoperative risk stratification of @entity1 with small renal masses.

title: Increased intra-abdominal fat predicts XXXX following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['outer-abdominal fat', 'OAF']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['grade III-IV complications', 'perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['perioperative complications']


abstract: @entity706 exhibits intratumoral infiltration by non-malignant T lymphocytes, including @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. We combined denileukin diftitox with rituximab in previously untreated, advanced-stage @entity706 patients anticipating that denileukin diftitox would deplete @entity2902 + T(reg) cells while rituximab would deplete malignant B cells. @entity1 received rituximab 375   mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks and denileukin diftitox 18   mcg/kg/day for 5 days every 3 weeks for 4 cycles; neither agent was given as maintenance therapy. Between August 2008 and March 2010, 24 @entity1 were enrolled. One @entity1 died before treatment was given and was not included in the analysis. Eleven of 23 @entity1 (48%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 27-69%) responded; 2 (9%) had complete responses and 9 (39%) had partial responses. The progression-free rate at 2 years was 55% (95%CI: 37-82%). Thirteen @entity1 (57%) experienced grade >= 3 adverse events and one @entity1 (4%) died. In correlative studies, soluble @entity2902 and the number of @entity2902 + T cells decreased after treatment; however, there was a compensatory increase in @entity8252 and @entity371 . We conclude that although the addition of @entity33916 to rituximab decreased the number of @entity2902 + T cells, denileukin diftitox contributed to the @entity137 of the combination without an improvement in response rate or time to progression.

title: XXXX in combination with rituximab for previously untreated follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33916 :: ('MESH:C078456', 'Chemical') :: ['denileukin diftitox']

answer: @entity33916 :: (MESH:C078456,Chemical) :: ['Denileukin diftitox']


abstract: Interactions between thymic dendritic cells (DC) and thymocytes are critical for proper development of T-cells. We identified @entity1 thymic DC populations on the basis of @entity9988 , @entity2935 and @entity5750 expression. High levels of @entity9988 ( @entity9988 ) and CD45RA defined the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subset. @entity1 thymic @entity2935 (+) DC expressed CD45RO and myeloid-related markers ( @entity10793 , @entity1116 and @entity9536 ). @entity2935 (+) DC could be separated into two main subsets based on differential expression of @entity5750 : @entity2935 (+) @entity5750 (-) and @entity2935 (+) @entity5750 (+) cells. Spontaneous production of @entity688 and @entity379 without exogenous stimulation, was observed in the three DC subsets. Important phenotype modifications were observed in pDC cultures supplemented with IL-3. A down-regulation of @entity9988 and appearance of myeloid markers such as @entity9536 and @entity2935 on CD45RA(+) cells was noticed within the first 48h; at a later time there was a shift from CD45RA to CD45RO expression, as well as appearance of @entity5750 expression. @entity2935 (+) cells emerging in pDC culture did not express high levels of HLA-DR, @entity8730 and co-stimulatory molecules. This suggests an in vitro evolution of @entity1 thymic pDC toward a myeloid phenotype found in the @entity2935 (+) subset of thymic DC.

title: Ex vivo characterization of XXXX thymic dendritic cell subsets.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Congenital @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is a rare @entity299 . A 27-year-old @entity1 was referred to us at 37  weeks gestation with fetal @entity299 . The left ventricle (LV) of the fetus was enlarged. Fetal aortic valve (AoV) ring diameter spread was observed. Back flow from the AoV margins to the LV was observed. The prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was @entity337 ( @entity337 ). A male neonate was delivered by cesarean section at 40  weeks gestation. We made the diagnosis of @entity1002 because the aorta and the LV of the neonate showed a tunnel with blood flow on echocardiography. We took another look at the fetal echocardiography. The neonate underwent surgery for exacerbation of @entity712 on the 7th day after birth. Trivial flow from the tunnel and mild @entity337 were observed after surgery.

title: Congenital XXXX in fetuses and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac enlargement', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ALVT', 'aortico-left ventricular tunnel']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['aortico-left ventricular tunnel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the change in psychosocial state over time and to identify risk factors for maladjustment in @entity5 survivors. Awareness of these issues is important for planning supportive care services for @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: A longitudinal prospective study of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5 using individual @entity1 as their own control was performed. @entity1 were interviewed after confirmation of the diagnosis and were reassessed at 6 and 18 months after completion of treatment and with no evidence of recurrent disease. Psychological adjustment was measured by self-rating on self-esteem, outlook on life, self-role, and femininity. @entity663 and @entity148 were assessed using a @entity663 score and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. @entity308 were questioned directly. Social adjustment was assessed by changes in working capacity or work status, leisure activity, marital relationship, and sexual activity. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 participated. Adjustment problems did not occur in the majority of @entity1 . Psychosocial adjustment was different for @entity1 receiving different types of treatments. Improvement in feminism (P = 0.050) and @entity663 (P = 0.010) was observed for @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and deterioration was observed in @entity1 treated with surgery. Deterioration in @entity663 was associated with lower education level (P = 0.032). With religious belief, there was better family support and more significant improvement in social activity (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 adapted well. @entity1 at risk for psychosocial maladjustment include those who are treated surgically, less educated, and without religious belief.

title: Psychosocial adjustment in XXXX survivors: a longitudinal study on risk factors for maladjustment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism', 'Neuroticism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic cancer']