abstract: In order to determine the late results of reconstructive surgery for @entity455 , a review was made of a series of 505 consecutive @entity1 who underwent operation over a 20-year period. There were 257 males (50.9%) with an age range of 3-80 years. Renal artery bypass grafts were used in 75.4% (471/625) and thromboendarterectomy and/or patch angioplasty in 15.0% (94/625) of reconstructions. Associated vascular procedures were performed in 38.0% (186/489) of @entity1 . Operative mortality (30-day) was 1.8% (9/489) overall, and 4.8% (9/186) with associated procedures but there was no operative mortality in 303 consecutive isolated renal artery reconstructions. The blood pressure was normal or improved in 65% of @entity1 at a mean follow-up interval of 49.3 months, range 1-240 months. The best response rate was obtained in younger @entity1 with isolated @entity8 . Linear regression analysis showed age at operation to be the most important determinant of blood pressure response (p < 0.003) with the presence or absence of diffuse @entity731 as another but less powerful determinant of responsiveness (p < 0.07). Crude 15-year survival was 70% (340/489). The overall five- and ten-year actuarial survival probabilities were 80 and 62% respectively. The most common causes of @entity204 were @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity5 . Cox regression analysis for variables influencing survival indicated that age at operation (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.01) and the presence or absence of @entity66 (p < 0.002) were the major determinants of late survival with persistent severe @entity101 exerting an important but lesser influence. The results of this study indicate that about two-thirds of @entity1 will experience long-term relief of @entity101 after operation and that the best long-term survival and blood pressure relief will be obtained in @entity1 less than 50 years of age. Because @entity101 in females is better tolerated, younger, male @entity1 appear to have the most to gain from successful renovascular reconstruction.

title: Late results of reconstructive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['renovascular disease']


abstract: AIM: Eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3a ( @entity5446 ) is involved in regulating cell cycle, cell division, growth and differentiation. Previous studies suggest a role of @entity5446 on @entity82 and cellular proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. The present study aims to investigate the role of @entity5446 on @entity519 -induced @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) remodeling and underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS: @entity4266 remodeling was induced by @entity519 (10% @entity3612 , 3weeks) in @entity35 . Primary cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and their proliferation was investigated by MTS and EdU incorporation method. @entity5446 knockdown was conducted by @entity5446 siRNA. The expression/level of @entity1810 , @entity5446 , @entity5447 and a-SMA, collagen-I, collagen-III, ANP and BNP were analyzed by ELISA, real-time PCR or Western blot. KEY FINDINGS: The expression of @entity5446 was obviously increased in right ventricle of @entity4266 remodeling @entity35 accompanied by up-regulation of a-SMA and collagens. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, application of exogenous @entity1810 -induced cellular proliferation and differentiation concomitantly with up-regulation of @entity5446 expression and down-regulation of @entity5447 expression. The effects of @entity1810 -induced proliferation and up-regulation of a-SMA and collagen in cardiac fibroblasts were abolished by @entity5446 siRNA. @entity5446 siRNA reversed @entity1810 induced down-regulation of @entity5447 expression. SIGNIFICANCE: The @entity5446 plays a crucial role in @entity519 -induced @entity4266 remodeling by regulating @entity1810 -induced proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts, which is mediated via @entity5446 / @entity5447 pathway.

title: Role of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3a in @entity519 -induced @entity4266 remodeling of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis disease']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV', 'right ventricular']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The current study defines the incidence and clinical manifestations of hyperacute @entity2132 (haGVHD; @entity221 , @entity1910 , @entity294 , and @entity409 ) and analyzes the risk factor and the impact of haGVHD on the results of allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). In all, 90 @entity1 underwent allogeneic @entity8 from 71 matched siblings or 19 alternative donors. Immediate high-dose @entity230 were administered to 22 @entity1 who met the criteria. The overall incidence of haGVHD was 36.7% (n=34) and haGVHD was also strongly correlated with @entity4432 (cGVHD) (P=0.007), and found to be associated with decreased probability of relapse (P=0.0017). Early intervention with @entity230 within 7 days after the diagnosis of haGVHD might be associated with better survival. A survival analysis of the overall survival and disease-free survival did not reveal any difference between haGVHD+ and haGVHD- groups. In multivariate analysis, the use of an alternative donor (P=0.020) was identified as the only risk factor. Immediate high-dose @entity230 were effective in treating haGVHD. We conclude that in an allogeneic setting, haGVHD is not an uncommon manifestation, associated with the development of aGVHD or cGVHD. The only risk factor for haGVHD was the use of an alternative donor.

title: Clinical impact of hyperacute XXXX on results of allogeneic @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute (aGVHD) (P<0.001) and extensive chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: The antianxiety agent, @entity6720 , is a @entity19 liver carcinogen as determined by a National Toxicology Program bioassay. An equivalent study in the F344 @entity35 is currently in progress. In an effort to gain insight into whether the @entity19 or @entity35 will be a better model for @entity1 risk assessment, extensive comparative metabolism studies have been conducted in both rodent species and compared with the @entity1 literature. In this study, male @entity35 were treated with 25, 250, or 500 mg/kg of radiolabeled @entity6720 . In addition, sex comparisons were made at 500 mg/kg after 0 and 14 days of 2500 ppm @entity6720 in the feed to mimic bioassay conditions. Similar studies have already been conducted in @entity19 . Recovery of administered activity was dose-dependent, with recovery approaching 100% at the low dose. In all groups, the order of importance of route of elimination was fecal > urinary > expired. No significant sex-dependent differences were detected. Oxidative metabolism and @entity597 conjugation were the major routes of metabolism. Pretreatment of animals with @entity6720 -dosed feed resulted in evidence of hepatic enzyme induction. The rate of elimination for all three routes of elimination was elevated by dosed feed treatment. With regard to metabolite profile and routes of elimination, the @entity35 is less like a @entity1 than the @entity19 .

title: Metabolism and elimination of @entity6720 in F344 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity712 is directly affected by @entity1002 , and particularly LV @entity299 is strongly associated with survival in @entity454 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of reduced @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) measured at the time of @entity1613 (HD) in incident HD @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: 1254 consecutive @entity454 @entity1 who electively started HD therapy were screened by echocardiography within 1 month after its inception. They were divided into five groups according to @entity1002 levels with a decrease of 0.1 each and were followed up for up to 7 years. Survival was examined with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Among the 1254 @entity1 , @entity1002 levels >= 0.6, 0.5 to 0.6, 0.4 to 0.5, 0.3 to 0.4, and <0.3 were seen in 842 (67.1%), 247 (19.7%), 107 (8.5%), 41 (3.3%), and 17 (1.4%) @entity1 , respectively. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, 7-year event-free rates from @entity65 were 84.2, 83.7, 73.6, 59.4, and 30.9% in order of groups with decreasing @entity1002 of 0.1 each, respectively. Seven-year event-free rates from all-cause death were 69.2, 61.7, 57.1, 45.9, and 23.1% in the respective groups. Even after adjustment for other risk factors, decreasing @entity1002 was a strong independent predictor for @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity1002 on starting HD therapy could stratify risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in @entity454 @entity1 . Screening by echocardiography at start of HD therapy might be recommended to predict prognosis in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Prognostic value of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction at start of hemodialysis therapy on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV ejection fraction']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 is often associated with clinically significant @entity73 in school, home and social activities. However, very little is known about the extent of functional impairment in @entity1 with @entity308 based on national level data. This study examined the extent of functional impairment in @entity1 and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years with @entity308 based on 2005-2006 @entity910 ( @entity910 ) data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study involved retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 2005-2006 @entity910 data. Functional impairment in @entity1 was assessed using the parent-reported @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The @entity73 is a 13 item, lay-interviewer-administered global impairment scale. The analysis focused on @entity1 with @entity308 . Functional impairment was ascertained using the mean summated scores of the @entity73 after conducting psychometric analysis. The Wilson and Cleary model was used to examine the factors associated with functional impairment in @entity1 and adolescents. RESULTS: Analysis of the @entity73 revealed that Cronbach's alpha of the parent-reported @entity73 was 0.90 with item-to-total correlations ranging from 0.51 to 0.77. The mean summated @entity73 score in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity308 ( @entity73 , 19.88) was higher (p < 0.05) than those without @entity308 ( @entity73 , 6.09). Multivariate linear regression revealed the interaction between age and @entity308 was significant (p < 0.05) and therefore stratified regression analysis was performed by age. In both age groups, the diagnosis of @entity308 was strongly associated (p < 0.01) with functional impairment (+7 units in 5-11 years, +11 units in 12-17 years). The presence of developmental, respiratory tract, @entity71 , and @entity148 also increased functional impairment in @entity1 and adolescents (p < 0.05). Family factors such as parents' @entity146 , their education and their living arrangement significantly contributed (p < 0.05) to impairment in @entity1 and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Functional impairment is significant in pediatric @entity308 and understanding of personal and family factors can play an important role in the assessment, management and treatment of @entity308 . The limitations of the study include cross-sectional study design and reliance on parent-reported data on medical condition and impairment.

title: Extent of functional impairment in XXXX and adolescents with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'distress or impairment', 'Columbia Impairment Scale']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MEPS', 'Medical Expenditure Panel Survey']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Cellular infiltration and local cytokine mRNA levels were examined during the first 48 h of @entity272 by larvae of the @entity4058 Lucilia cuprina. At the cellular level the response involved a dramatic influx of leucocytes (CD45+ cells). Among these infiltrating cells were large numbers of granulocytes, including neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as macrophage-like cells and lymphocytes. Many of the lymphocytes expressed cell surface markers characteristic of T cells including @entity18729 , CD8 and the gamma delta TCR. The numbers of each of these cell types increased progressively as @entity281 continued so that by 48 h the lesions were densely populated. Expression of mRNA for @entity18730 could be detected by Northern blot analysis while mRNA for other inflammatory cytokines including @entity18731 , @entity18732 , @entity18733 and @entity18734 was detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Coincident with the influx of granulocytes and other cells there was an increase in the level of mRNA for the cytokines @entity18731 , @entity18732 , @entity18730 and @entity18733 . In the skin of the @entity742 there appeared to be constitutive expression of message for the cytokines @entity18732 , @entity18730 and @entity18734 , with the level of the latter not found to increase during the 48 h of @entity281 examined. In situ hybridization was used to determine the location of @entity18730 and @entity18734 mRNA within resting and infected skin. During @entity281 , fibroblasts, macrophage-like cells and endothelium appeared to produce high levels of @entity18730 mRNA. Expression of the T cell dependent cytokines @entity17774 and @entity18735 but not @entity18736 , increased in expression as time progressed and the population of infiltrating cells, including T cells, expanded.

title: Cytokine mRNA expression in skin in response to ectoparasite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['infection of skin']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['sheep blowfly']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity1 who have had photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the Northern region of the UK, in relation to the eligibility criteria found to benefit in the TAP study (treatment of age-related @entity1020 with photodynamic therapy study), so as to make an estimate of the number of @entity1 who might benefit from this treatment and to present the outcome of the treatment so far. METHOD: The records and @entity941 angiograms (FFAs) of all @entity1 who had had PDT in the Northern region between 2001 and 2002 were reviewed for compliance with the TAP criteria of >50% classic @entity1940 and >34 letters on the 2 m logMAR Early Treatment @entity6 Study chart. @entity9462 funding has been available in the Northern Region since January 2001 for 'second eye' involvement. A review of all the angiograms performed for exudative @entity1020 in 1 year was also performed. The visual outcome of those @entity1 1 year from baseline was measured. RESULTS: A total of 82 'second eye' @entity1 were treated between January 2001 and December 2002. This gives an incidence of 65 per 3 million and so about 1300 in the whole of the UK (population 60 million). In all, 238 FFAs were performed on exudative @entity1020 , with 21% being found eligible for PDT. As of February 2003, 54 TAP criteria, @entity1020 @entity1 were 1 year from initial treatment. Of these, 12 had incomplete follow-up and 13 @entity1 had lost more than 15 letters. The responder rate defined as losing <15 letters was 42-13/42=69%. Seven of those who did not make 1-year follow-up had lost more than 15 letters when last seen, giving a responder rate of 54-20/54=63%. CONCLUSION: There may not be as many @entity1 eligible for PDT, using the TAP criteria, as previously hoped. The outcome of treatment appears similar to that found in the TAP study.

title: The incidence and outcome of photodynamic therapy for XXXX in the Northern region of the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the geographical distribution of @entity311 transmission becomes progressively clustered, identifying residual pockets of transmission is important for research and for targeting interventions. Malarial antibody-based surveillance is increasingly recognised as a valuable complement to classic methods for the detection of @entity281 foci especially at low transmission levels. The study presents serological evidence for transmission heterogeneity among school @entity1 in The Gambia measured during the dry, non-transmission season. METHODS: Healthy primary school @entity1 were randomly selected from 30 schools across the country and screened for @entity281 (microscopy) and antimalarial antibodies (MSP119). Antibody distribution was modelled using 2-component finite mixture model with cut-off for positivity from pooled sera set at 2-standard deviation from the mean of the first component. Factors associated with a positive serological status were identified in a univariate model and then combined in a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, simultaneously adjusting for variations between individuals and school. RESULTS: A total of 4140 @entity1 , 1897 (46%) @entity1 , were enrolled with mean age of 10.2 years ( @entity168 2.6, range 4-20 years). Microscopy results available for 3640 (87.9%) @entity1 showed that 1.9% (69) were positive for @entity3964 infections, most of them (97.1%, 67/69) asymptomatic. The overall seroprevalence was 12.7% (527/4140) with values for the schools ranging from 0.6% to 43.8%. Age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.16,) and parasite carriage (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.95-5.79) were strongly associated with seropositivity. CONCLUSION: Serological responses to @entity311 parasites could identify individuals who were or had been infected, and clusters of residual transmission. Field-adapted antibody tests able to guide mass screening and treatment campaigns would be extremely useful.

title: School-based countrywide seroprevalence survey reveals spatial heterogeneity in XXXX transmission in the Gambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: A case is reported of a 68-year-old @entity1 admitted in the ICU for acute exacerbation of a @entity1030 . The @entity825 was intubated and the lungs ventilated mechanically. She received sedation including @entity1363 and @entity4390 1 mg.h-1. On the 6th day, she experienced a massive @entity384 (caecal diameter of 10 cm at X-ray examination). A colonoscopy was performed which showed the absence of obstruction, confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4391 and allowed a decompression which was inefficient. A new colonoscopic decompression was performed on the 8th day, without prolonged effect. At that time, the @entity1 was given @entity4392 in her gastric tube (80 mg). This treatment restarted the bowel movements within 48 hours and the caecal diameter decreased immediately to 7 cm. @entity4392 was maintained for 10 days and mechanical ventilation for 30 days. No further dilation occurred during this time and the @entity1 was discharged from the ICU. Few cases of @entity4391 successfully treated with @entity4392 have been reported in the literature. The efficacy of this agent for the treatment of @entity4391 remains to be assessed in a controlled study.

title: [Treatment of acute @entity4391 ( XXXX ) by @entity4392 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride', 'cisapride']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ["Ogilvie's syndrome", 'pseudo-obstruction of the colon']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['colonic dilation']

entities_list: @entity4390 :: ('MESH:D010638', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoperidine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity4391 :: (MESH:D003112,Disease) :: ['Ogilvie's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Asymptomatic @entity1669 and @entity1375 are associated with increased risk for @entity453 . The present study aimed at evaluating serum lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a)), measured as apo(a), and other lipid parameters in 32 subjects with asymptomatic @entity1375 . SUBJECTS: Thirty-two Chinese subjects with asymptomatic @entity1375 were compared to 96 age and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1375 @entity1 had higher (P < 0.005) apo(a), total @entity412 (TG), total @entity165 (TC) and low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) but lower (P < 0.05) high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) levels compared with sex and age-matched controls (apo(a) 296 (48-1650) vs 182 (19-1952 U/l), geometric mean (range); TG 1.86 +/- 0.94 vs 1.33 +/- 0.74 mmol/l (mean +/- SD); TC 6.10 +/- 1.17 vs 5.42 +/- 1.13 mmol/l; LDL-C 4.10 +/- 1.00 vs 3.49 +/- 0.96 mmol/l; HDL-C 1.15 +/- 0.40 vs 1.34 +/- 0.40 mmol/l, respectively). @entity3516 were also higher than controls (1.96 +/- 0.48 vs 1.48 +/ 0.29 g/l and 1.44 +/- 0.42 vs 1.05 +/- 0.29 g/l, respectively). Total @entity165 /HDL ratio and LDL/HDL ratio were also elevated in these subjects (5.77 +/- 1.96 vs 4.28 +/- 1.19 and 3.89 +/- 1.41 vs 2.79 +/- 0.97, respectively, both P < 0.0005). Individual analysis revealed that 16 (50%) subjects had hyperlipoproteinaemia (TC > 5.2 mmol/l in 10; TC > 5.2 mmol/l and TG > 2.3 mmol in six) as compared to 21(20.8%) in the control group (P < 0.005). Subjects with @entity10344 > or = 11.0 mIU/l had significantly higher TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios. A significant correlation was observed between TSH levels and TC/HDL ratios (r = 0.455, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1375 is associated not only with elevated LDL- @entity165 levels and low HDL- @entity165 levels but also with elevated lipoprotein (a). This may further increase the risk development of @entity731 .

title: Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'Subclinical hypothyroid', 'Subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: Considerable evidence suggests that @entity141 modulates endothelial cell metabolic and morphologic responses to mediators of @entity32 . We have used the fluorescent @entity141 indicator, @entity6028 , to monitor endothelial cell cytosolic free @entity141 , [ @entity141 ]i, in cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells. @entity112 stimulated an increase in [ @entity141 ]i from a resting level of 111 +/- 4 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 10) to micromolar levels; maximal and half-maximal responses were elicited by 10(-4) M and 5 X 10(-6) M @entity112 , respectively. The rise in [ @entity141 ]i occurred with no detectable latency, attained peak values 15-30 s after addition of stimulus, and decayed to a sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i two- to threefold resting. H1 receptor specificity was demonstrated for the @entity112 -stimulated changes in [ @entity141 ]i. Experiments in @entity141 -free medium and in the presence of @entity8765 or the @entity141 entry blockers @entity515 or @entity3281 , indicated that @entity141 mobilization from intracellular pools accounts for the initial rise, whereas influx of extracellular @entity141 and continued H1 receptor occupancy are required for sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i. @entity1360 -sensitive intracellular @entity141 stores were completely depleted by 4 min of exposure to 5 X 10(-6) M @entity112 . @entity1855 or depolarization of endothelial cells in 120 mM K+ did not alter resting or @entity112 -stimulated [ @entity141 ]i, suggesting that @entity112 -elicited changes are not mediated by @entity141 influx through voltage-gated channels. Endothelial cells grown on @entity6027 filters restricted the diffusion of a @entity3460 -albumin complex; @entity112 (through an H1-selective effect) promoted @entity3460 -albumin diffusion with a concentration dependency similar to that for the @entity112 -elicited rise in [ @entity141 ]i. Exposure of endothelial cells to @entity112 (10(-5) M) or @entity1360 (10(-7) M) was associated with a decline in endothelial F-actin (relative F-actin content, 0.76 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.05; @entity112 vs. control, P less than 0.05; relative F-actin content, 0.72 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.05; @entity1360 vs. control, P less than 0.01). The data support a role for cytosolic @entity460 in the regulation of endothelial shape change and vessel wall permeability in response to @entity112 .

title: XXXX type I receptor occupancy increases endothelial cytosolic @entity460 , reduces F-actin, and promotes albumin diffusion across cultured endothelial monolayers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']


abstract: @entity876 tumoral suppressor gene harbors a functional polymorphism which codes either @entity369 ( @entity534 ) or @entity1521 (Pro) in the protein @entity876 of codon 72. Such polymorphism has been associated with the development or prognosis of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). AIM: we assessed codon 72 @entity876 allelic frequencies and genotypes in @entity213 Iranian @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Case Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a total of 132 @entity213 @entity1 and 123 healthy controls were genotyped. DNA source was from mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood. DNA amplification was done by means of the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: genotypes and allele distribution were not significantly different between @entity1 and controls. Moreover, no statistically significant association was found between the 72 and @entity876 codon @entity5 location, gender or age at the time of diagnosis. However, the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly increase in stage IV @entity1 (30.8%) when compared to stages I-III of the disease (11.1%) (p=0.03), and a significantly higher percentage of @entity1 with the Pro allele had and a risk increase in stage IV disease (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.2-4.2, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: data revealed that the @entity876 polymorphism do not impact the risk of @entity213 in Iranians, nonetheless, it can affect @entity5 progression to a higher @entity5 stage.

title: @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We studied mineral metabolism in 15 @entity3935 @entity1 and 15 controls matched for sex, age, and weight. @entity3935 subjects showed significantly higher serum @entity460 , @entity1391 , alkaline phosphatase, and globulin and lower serum @entity1011 , @entity1760 , and albumin. Parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity (iPTH) was measured with three different antisera. @entity3935 @entity1 showed markedly reduced iPTH values in the most sensitive assay, a midregion-specific assay based on homologous antiserum BG-6. Antiserum 211/32 gave slightly reduced iPTH values, but antiserum NG-1 gave values that were increased by 65%. The limited sensitivity of these later two antisera, like that of others used earlier for such studies, may have blunted the apparent fall in iPTH (antiserum 211/32) or predisposed the assay to a systematic artifact (antiserum NG-1). These results show that for use in the evaluation of @entity2741 in @entity3935 @entity1 , a PTH assay must first be characterized as to the expected result in uncomplicated @entity2743 . Twelve of the @entity3935 subjects entered a random order cross-over study in which @entity1169 and placebo were given in double-masked fashion for 6 consecutive days each. Overall, the drug did not alter @entity460 , @entity1391 , or @entity1760 metabolism. It lowered serum @entity460 only in two overtly hypercalcemic subjects, whose urinary @entity460 excretion did not decline. These results confirm that @entity1169 may reduce elevated serum @entity460 levels in @entity2743 and suggest that in this setting the drug may have a direct or indirect effect on renal @entity460 metabolism.

title: A controlled study of the effects of @entity2743 and XXXX treatment on mineral metabolism and parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic', 'Thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity7808 ( @entity7808 ) is defined as multifactor immunologic inflammatory lesions in the oral cavity, characterized by painful, recurrent single/multiple, shallow, round or ovoid ulcerations of mucosal tissues. To date, a considerable number of @entity7808 treatment protocols have been suggested, but since the etiology of @entity7808 is idiopathic, these treatment options have symptomatic rather than curative or preventive effect. Recently, it has been suggested that laser therapy could be successfully used as an efficient treatment approach in therapy of @entity7808 . Therefore, the aim of this review was to estimate the effects of laser therapy in treatment of @entity7808 analyzing results of clinical studies published in peer reviewed journals. METHODS: The studies published until 31 December 2013 were obtained from the Medline/PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library of the Cochrane Collaboration (CENTRAL) online databases, using following search terms and key words: "laser" AND "recurrent @entity7809 ", "laser" AND "aphthous", and "laser" AND "aphthae". In total 4 original research articles met the all required inclusion/exclusion criteria, and were used for this review. The main outcome measures assessed were: a reduction of @entity158 associated with @entity7808 and a reduction in episode duration (faster @entity7808 healing). RESULTS: The assessed literature demonstrates the benefits of laser therapy mainly due to immediate @entity1337 and ability to speed up a @entity7808 healing process. CONCLUSION: Even thoughthe assessed literature suggests beneficial outcomes of laser therapy in treatment of @entity7808 , these results should be interpreted with caution. The issues related to the study designs and different sets of laser irradiation parameters of a limited number of available studies with the same treatment outcomes prevent us from making definite conclusions.

title: Treatment of recurrent XXXX by laser therapy: A systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity7808 :: ('MESH:C538145', 'Disease') :: ['Recurrent aphthous stomatitis', 'RAS']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 , low bone mass is prevalent and the incidence of @entity174 high after simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPK). Data are scarce on preexisting skeletal morbidity or the long-term effects of SPK on bone mass and risk of @entity174 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study addressing these issues in 19 consecutive SPK recipients before and at 3, 6, and 12 months, and 2.5 to 4 years after establishment of graft function. RESULTS: Prior to transplantation, 13 @entity1 (68%) had @entity2742 , 7 of whom had @entity170 . Mean @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was significantly lower at the femoral neck than at the lumbar spine (T-scores -2.0 +/- 0.89 vs. -0.66 +/- 0.84). There was a significant decrease in @entity79 at both lumbar spine and femoral neck at 6 months post-transplantation (-6.0 +/- 5.4% and -6.9 +/- 4.3%, respectively). No further loss was observed in the following 6 months. At 1 year post-transplantation, 9 @entity1 had @entity170 associated with @entity2742 in 8, and none had sustained a clinical @entity174 . A significant albeit small increase in @entity79 was observed 6 months after start of @entity15199 0.25 microg/day. At end-evaluation, @entity170 and @entity2742 persisted in the @entity1 in whom it was documented at 1 year. Five @entity1 who had lower @entity79 at the femoral neck pretransplantation sustained a clinical @entity174 . CONCLUSION: @entity170 is prevalent in SPK recipients at the time of transplantation, progresses early post-transplantation, and is associated with relatively high incidence of @entity174 . Reversal of persistent @entity2742 with the use of @entity15199 may contribute to a decrease in skeletal morbidity.

title: Long-term follow-up study on @entity79 and XXXX after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The popularity of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors stems from their apparent efficacy for @entity74 and their favorable side effect profile. However, several studies have suggested that selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors may be relatively ineffective for treating @entity308 . The objective of this study was to compare the responses to @entity905 and @entity5080 of older @entity1 with both severe @entity308 and @entity299 . METHOD: The outcome of 22 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity299 who were treated with @entity905 was compared to the outcome of 42 comparable @entity1 treated with @entity5080 . The average age of the @entity905 group was 73 years, and their mean pretreatment score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was 26; the average age of the @entity5080 group was 70, and their mean pretreatment Hamilton score was 28. RESULTS: Of the 42 @entity5080 -treated @entity1 , 28 were responders, six were nonresponders, and eight dropped out. The intent-to-treat response rate was 67% (28 of 42), and the response rate of the melancholic @entity1 who completed the @entity5080 trial was 83% (20 of 24). Of the 22 @entity905 -treated @entity1 , five were responders, 13 were nonresponders, and four dropped out. The intent-to-treat response rate was 23% (five of 22), and the response rate of the melancholic @entity1 who completed the @entity905 trial was 10% (one of 10). CONCLUSIONS: @entity905 appears to be significantly less effective than @entity5080 for treating hospitalized elderly @entity1 with @entity18822 , especially those with the melancholic subtype and concurrent @entity65 .

title: Comparative efficacy of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression', 'melancholia', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['numerous disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity18822 :: ('MESH:C565111', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar major affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['melancholia']


abstract: @entity11682 treatment of piglets against @entity7843 has frequently been suggested in the literature. In order to evaluate the efficacy of @entity13135 against experimental Isospora suis infections in suckling piglets ( @entity281 with 1,500 sporulated oocysts of I. suis per piglet on the fourth day of life), two trials were conducted. In trial I, oral @entity13136 (group Sulfa-Oral) was applied in doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight (BW) 1 day before @entity281 and 75 mg/kg BW daily for the following 5 days, and @entity13137 (SMP) was applied parenterally in daily doses of 75 mg/kg BW for the same time period. In trial II, SMP was applied parenterally in doses of 75 mg/kg BW (a) from the day of @entity281 daily for 7 days (SMP-Standard), (b) for 2 days starting on the day of @entity281 (SMP-Early), (c) for 3 days starting 2 days post- @entity281 (d.p.i.; SMP-Middle), (d) for 2 days starting 5 d.p.i. (SMP-Late), and (e) every other day from the day of @entity281 until 6 d.p.i. (SMP-Alternating), as well as (f) orally in doses of 75 mg/kg BW from the day of @entity281 for 7 days (SMP-Oral). The @entity11682 -treated groups were compared to a @entity13138 -treated group (single oral treatment with Baycox   5% suspension, 20 mg/kg BW 2 d.p.i.) and to a water-treated Control group. Each group consisted of seven to nine piglets. The parameters evaluated were oocyst excretion and fecal consistency/ @entity294 from 4 to 15 d.p.i. Sulfa-Oral, SMP-Early, and SMP-Late had no significant effect in reduction of oocyst excretion and @entity294 , whereas treatment for 3-7 days with SMP reduced both parasite shedding and @entity294 significantly. Oral treatment with SMP was comparable to parenteral application. Baycox   in a single application had the most pronounced effect and completely suppressed oocyst excretion and @entity294 during the examination period. It could be shown that repeated application of @entity13135 , provided that the appropriate time period after @entity281 is covered, can in principle be used to control @entity7843 ; however, the amount of work required is considerable, and the practicability is poor. Due to the short half-life of @entity13135 in @entity1707 and the lack of predictability of the time point of @entity281 , an efficient application of @entity13135 to control @entity7843 under field conditions appears unlikely. Baycox  , on the other hand, applied once during the prepatent period of @entity281 , had a lasting effect and can be used to most effectively control I. suis.

title: Efficacy of XXXX and @entity13138 (  ) against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamide', 'sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['piglet coccidiosis', 'neonatal coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity13138 :: ('MESH:C036670', 'Chemical') :: ['toltrazuril']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'oral infection']

entities_list: @entity13137 :: ('CHEBI:53727', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxypyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadimidine']

answer: @entity13135 :: (MESH:D013449,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamides']


abstract: Many factors affect the cure rate (CR), duration required for complete cure (DC) and the recurrence rate (RR) of @entity6313 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the CR, DC and RR in @entity6313 according to various clinical factors. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 637 Korean @entity1 with @entity6313 between December 2000 and December 2006. We examined six clinical factors to evaluate the effects on the CR, DC and RR: age, sex, clinical type, treatment pattern, presence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and the extent of nail involvement. On the view of the clinical nail appearance and @entity4014 ( @entity3071 ) preparation, we designated the CR, DC and RR. In addition, we examined the differences in the CR, DC and RR in terms of the above-mentioned clinical factors. A total of 207 eligible @entity1 were finally analysed. The CR as a whole was 78.3%, the DC was 31.7    18.4 weeks and the RR was 36.0%. There were significant differences in the CR, DC and RR according to the extent of nail involvement. Age affects the CR and DC, and @entity6 also affects the DC and RR. We found that the extent of nail involvement, age and @entity6 affect the CR, DC and RR of @entity6313 .

title: Cure rate, duration required for complete cure and recurrence rate of XXXX according to clinical factors in Korean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity1358 occurs in young @entity1 exposed to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) in utero. Primary @entity1358 not associated with DES is very rare. We report the clinicopathologic and cytopathologic features of a @entity1 with advanced, sporadic primary @entity1358 with @entity3 to liver, lung and paraaortic lymph nodes. CASE: A postmenopausal, 63-year-old @entity1 presented to our department with @entity548 . A @entity548 found in the vagina was diagnosed as a @entity1358 by cytopathologic examination of the @entity5 smear and by histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen. A chest radiograph revealed multiple lung @entity3 , and @entity3 to the liver and paraaortic lymph nodes were noted on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity5 was diagnosed as primary @entity8376 , stage IVb (FIGO) based on a normal cytopathologic examination of the cervix, endometrium and ascites; normal appearance of the uterus, ovaries and kidneys on magnetic resonance imaging; and absence of detectable @entity5 in the urinary tract. The @entity1 died of @entity1576 31 days after hospitalization. The @entity5 demonstrated overexpression of @entity876 protein and did not show microsatellite instability. CONCLUSION: This @entity1 was the second reported Japanese @entity1 with advanced primary @entity1358 not associated with DES.

title: Advanced primary XXXX not associated with @entity4742 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic tumor', 'genital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal clear cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity8376 :: (MESH:D014625,Disease) :: ['clear cell carcinoma of the vagina']


abstract: Mycobacterium kansasii is one of the most pathogenic and frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity137 , resistant isolates, or suboptimal response require alternative treatment regimens. One hundred forty-eight consecutive clinical isolates of M. kansasii were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities by the BACTEC 460 system (NCCLS) with two different inoculation protocols, one conventional and one alternative. In the alternative protocol, the inoculum 12B vial was incubated until the growth index was between 250 and 500. Four conventional antimycobacterial drugs ( @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity3639 , and @entity3110 ) were studied with standard critical concentrations. The in vitro activities of @entity5136 , @entity23315 , @entity4581 , @entity800 , and @entity3477 were determined by measuring radiometric MICs. All isolates tested were identified as M. kansasii genotype I and were resistant to @entity3109 at a concentration of 0.4 mug/ml. One hundred twenty isolates (81.1%) were inhibited by 1 microg of @entity3109 per ml. A high level of resistance to @entity3109 (>10 microg/ml) was observed in six isolates (4.1%). Only five strains (3.4%) were resistant to @entity1215 (>1 microg/ml). All isolates studied were susceptible to @entity3639 and @entity3110 . The MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (in micrograms per milliliter) were as follows: @entity5136 , 1 (range, < or =0.25 to 2); @entity23315 , >16 (range, 4 to >16); @entity4581 , 0.5 (range, < or =0.03 to 1); @entity800 , 0.12 (range, 0.12 to 0.25); and @entity3477 , 0.06 (range, < or =0.06 to 0.12). The susceptibility testing results with both inoculation protocols showed perfect correlation. In conclusion, all M. kansasii isolates showed decreased susceptibility to @entity3109 , but resistance to @entity1215 was infrequent. @entity5176 , especially @entity3477 , were the most active antimicrobial agents tested, followed by @entity4581 . @entity5136 also showed good activity against these microorganisms, but @entity23315 's in vitro activity was poor.

title: Comparative in vitro activities of @entity5136 , @entity23315 , @entity4581 , @entity800 , XXXX , and four conventional antimycobacterial drugs against Mycobacterium kansasii.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity23315 :: ('MESH:C106791', 'Chemical') :: ['telithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid', 'Linezolid']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity3477 :: (MESH:C104727,Chemical) :: ['moxifloxacin']


abstract: AIM: To establish the real time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with dual labeled probes for fast detection of @entity24592 gene mutation @entity24593 . METHODS: Four hundred @entity1 (< 1 year of age) with unexplained @entity9744 from 18 provinces or municipalities in China were enrolled in this study for detecting their @entity24592 gene mutation @entity24593 . Suitable primers and fluorescence-labeled probes for detecting @entity24592 gene mutation @entity24594 were designed. Normal and mutant sequences were detected by PCR with two fluorescence-labeled probes. After a single RT-PCR, results were obtained by analyzing the take-off curves. Twenty-four positive and 14 negative samples were retested by direct sequencing. RESULTS: Eight homozygous and 30 heterozygous mutations were detected in 46 mutant alleles with a @entity24593 mutation rate of 5.8% (46/800). Twenty-six and 20 mutant alleles were observed respectively, in 474 and 242 alleles from the intermediate and southern areas of China. No mutant allele was detected in 84 alleles from northern China. Twenty-four positive samples including 4 homozygous and 20 heterozygous mutations, and 14 negative samples were retested by direct sequencing, which confirmed that the accuracy of RT-PCR was 100%. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR can detect the mutation @entity24593 in @entity1 with @entity9744 with an accuracy of 100%.

title: Most common XXXX mutation in 400 Chinese @entity1 with @entity9744 .

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity24592 :: (10165,Gene) :: ['SLC25A13']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is recognized that orthodontic force (OF) has an aggravating effect on the progression of destructive @entity2521 if @entity2521 have not been well controlled. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. This study was to investigate the effect of antibiotic administration on OF-aggravated, ligature-induced experimental @entity2521 in @entity19 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 (male, 8  wk old) were divided into three groups (n  =  8). Silk ligatures (SL) were tied around the maxillary right (group 1) or both (groups 2 and 3) first molars on day 0, removed on day 8 and systemic antibiotics was administered through drinking water (group 3) since day 8. OF was applied on the maxillary right first molars since day 13 (groups 2 and 3). All @entity19 were killed on day 20. RESULTS: Total oral bacteria load was significantly higher in group 2 when compared to group 1 on day 20, whereas such count was greatly reduced in group 3 when antibiotics were administered. Periodontal @entity604 was significantly increased on SL side vs. control side in group 1. Periodontal @entity604 was significantly increased on OF  +  SL side vs. SL side in group 2 (p  <  0.05) but not in group 3 when systemic antibiotics were administered. Gingival mRNA and protein expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand/ @entity16323 were significantly increased on OF  +  SL side vs. SL side in group 2 (p  <  0.01) but not in group 3. However, comparable levels of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell formation within periodontal space and tooth movement were observed on OF  +  SL side in groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that reduction of oral bacterial load by antibiotic administration alleviate orthodontic force-aggravated @entity2521 @entity604 .

title: Antibiotic administration alleviates the aggravating effect of orthodontic force on ligature-induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['experimental periodontitis bone loss']


abstract: @entity3524 , a third generation cephalosporin, is used throughout the world over a wide range of doses. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the rationale for determination of the optimal dosage and of adequate modes of administration. Among the factors determining in vivo activity, the most important are: (1) the time dependence of the antibacterial effect of @entity2886 , (2) the limited effect of increasing the drug concentration in contact with the bacteria and (3) the absence of a significant post-antibiotic effect. Combined with the rather short elimination half-life of @entity3524 , these factors argue for the use of a unitary dose of 1g in adult @entity1 and for a 6- or 8-hour interval between doses. Information obtained from various animal models of @entity281 are discussed. Clinical and bacteriological studies published in the international literature report a high rate of cure (between 80 and 100%) according to the @entity281 and to the criteria of efficacy, with daily doses ranging from 2 to 4g bid or qid. The results obtained with the lowest doses are detailed, particularly for @entity281 permitting the use of a low dosage. The necessity for increasing the dose is discussed in the following situations: (1) in specific @entity281 requiring high local drug concentrations such as @entity693 and @entity884 , (2) against micro-organisms exhibiting moderate susceptibility to @entity3524 (MIC greater than or equal to 1 mg/L) and (3) in immunocompromised @entity1 . It is now well established that third generation cephalosporins have to be combined with other antimicrobial agents (e.g. @entity581 ) for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity281 caused by bacteria able to become resistant. For susceptible strains, it has not been established that a synergistic effect of @entity3524 with another agent allows a reduction of the dosage of each member of the combination.

title: XXXX optimal dosage in adult @entity1 . A reappraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'type of infection']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['Cefotaxime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central venous catheters (CVC) removal and reinsertion of a new CVC in the setting of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is not always possible in septic @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with @entity794 -CLABSI (SA-CLABSI) who had their CVCs exchanged over guidewire for @entity1214 / @entity1215 -coated (M/R)-CVC within seven days of @entity2259 . METHODS: Each case was matched with two control @entity1 who had SA-CLABSI and had their CVC removed within seven days and two control @entity1 who had their CVC retained beyond seven days. In addition, an in vitro model was developed for exchange of catheters. RESULTS: We identified 40 @entity1 with SA-CLABSI. Eight @entity1 had their CVC exchanged over guidewire with M/R-CVC and were compared to 16 @entity1 who had their CVC removed and 16 other @entity1 who had their CVC retained. @entity1 who had their CVC exchanged over guidewire had a similar clinical response and relapse rates compared to @entity1 whose CVC was removed or retained. However the rate of overall mortality was higher in @entity1 who retained their CVC compared to those whose CVC was exchanged or removed (p = 0.034). The in vitro catheter exchange model showed that catheter exchange over guidewire using M/R-CVC completely prevented biofilm colonization compared to exchange using uncoated CVC (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of SA-CLABSI, exchanging the CVC over guidewire with M/R-CVC could be an alternative to removing the CVC and reinserting another CVC at a different site and may be associated with a lower rate of overall mortality. Further large prospective randomized clinical trials are warranted.

title: The use of @entity1214 - XXXX coated central venous catheters for exchange of catheters in the setting of @entity794 central line associated bloodstream infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: @entity1527 , the aetiological agent of @entity1526 , is able to parasitise almost any type of cell in the @entity1 host. Only the macrophage, however, is potentially microbicidal for the parasite. The effectiveness of macrophages in killing @entity1527 appears to be related to the degree of activation of the cell. The @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) is a glycoprotein that promotes proliferation, differentiation and activation of macrophages. It acts through a cell-surface receptor that encodes a @entity669 kinase in its cytoplasmic domain. The @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ) autophosphorylates upon induction with the ligand. A three to seven-fold lower degree of phosphorylation of ligand-stimulated @entity6823 in monocytes/macrophages of @entity1 with @entity102 compared with those of healthy donors has been previously demonstrated. Only 5-10% of the population infected with @entity1527 develop @entity102 . Furthermore, members of this group have a functional defect of the @entity6823 . I therefore decided to investigate the state of the @entity6823 in @entity1 @entity281 with @entity1527 in whom the acute phase of the disease had subsided and who had subsequently become seronegative for @entity1526 after treatment with @entity16580 . I found a heterogeneous pattern of ligand-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity6823 ranging from a nil to a six-fold difference within the population. Healthy @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1526 showed a fully phosphorylated receptor protein after stimulation with @entity6823 . The state of the @entity6823 may correlate with the potential to develop @entity1526 .

title: Characterisation of the receptor for the XXXX in monocytes/macrophages of @entity1 @entity281 with @entity1527 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['MCSF receptor', 'MCSFR']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ["chronic Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally infected']

entities_list: @entity16580 :: ('MESH:D009547', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifurtimox']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['MCSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6824 :: (1435,Gene) :: ['macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Short transverse @entity4685 (STM; <3 vertebral segments) is considered noncharacteristic of @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Nonappreciation of the potential for STM to occur in NMOSD may lead to increased disability from delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of short lesions at the initial @entity4685 manifestation of NMOSD and to compare the demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of aquaporin-4-IgG ( @entity3951 -IgG) seropositive and seronegative STM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We reviewed the records and images of @entity1 at the Mayo Clinic who were identified as @entity3951 -IgG positive from 1996 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were first STM episode, magnetic resonance imaging performed 90 days or less from symptom onset, spinal cord T2-hyperintense lesion less than 3 vertebral segments, @entity3951 -IgG seropositivity, and a final diagnosis of @entity1652 or NMOSD. @entity1 with an @entity5697 were excluded (n = 151). @entity1 with STM who were seronegative for @entity3951 -IgG among an Olmsted County population-based cohort of @entity6220 were used as a control group. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Delay to diagnosis in months, clinical and radiological characteristics, and disability measured by ambulatory status. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 who were @entity3951 -IgG seropositive with an initial STM represented 14% of initial @entity4685 episodes among @entity1 with NMOSD. The STM episode was defined as the first manifestation of NMOSD in 10 @entity1 (40%) preceded by @entity7995 in 13 @entity1 (52%) and preceded by a @entity390 and @entity391 episode in 2 @entity1 (8%). In comparison with the excluded @entity1 with NMOSD who had an @entity5697 , delay to diagnosis/treatment was greater when @entity75 were short (P =   .02). In @entity3951 -IgG-positive STM cases, subsequent @entity4685 episodes were longitudinally extensive in 92%. Attributes more common in @entity1 with @entity3951 -IgG-positive STM than in 27 population-based @entity1 with @entity3951 -IgG-negative STM included the following: nonwhite race/ethnicity; @entity2473 ; coexisting @entity792 ; magnetic resonance imaging (central cord lesions, T1 hypointensity, and a brain inconsistent with @entity15 ); and cerebrospinal fluid (oligoclonal bands lacking). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Short transverse @entity4685 is not uncommon in NMOSD and, when it is present, delays diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and radiological characteristics identified in this study may help select @entity1 with STM who are at the highest risk for an NMOSD. Short transverse @entity4685 does not exclude consideration of @entity3951 -IgG testing or NMOSD diagnosis.

title: Short XXXX in aquaporin-4-IgG-positive @entity1652 spectrum disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['initial longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesions']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['tonic spasms']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['myelitis lesions']


abstract: Current blood culture methods may not identify all @entity1 with @entity4963 . We attempted to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the detection of @entity4963 . Several major problems were encountered: use of primers based on single copy or low-copy-number genes lacked sensitivity, while those based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene often crossreacted with @entity1 DNA. One primer set with an internal primer was found to be suitable in a hemi-nested PCR. Sensitivity was in the range of 1 colony forming unit of @entity5132 per ml blood in reconstruction experiments. Using stored blood which had been obtained within 12 h of the time a positive blood culture was obtained, PCR was positive in 7/15 (46.7%) @entity1 with culture proven @entity5132 @entity4963 (44% of samples). However, only 1-3 ml blood was available for PCR, while culture results were based on 5-10 ml or more. Two out of 34 (5.9%) unselected outpatient blood samples stored under identical conditions were positive, but both samples were negative when the original DNA was retested. Blood collection and PCR processing equipment appears to be free of contaminating fungal DNA and organisms; however, @entity1 skin contains DNA amplifiable by these primers. At present the major limitation is the need for a simple method to recover Candida from 5-10 ml blood while removing haemoglobin and excess white blood cell DNA in a volume suitable for PCR.

title: Detection of XXXX by polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['candidemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and natural history of @entity490 in @entity1 with @entity2835 . METHODS: We studied 178 @entity1 with well-defined @entity2835 enrolled in a prospective randomized trial of @entity10055 . These @entity1 underwent upper endoscopy and upper abdominal ultrasound prior to entry, at 2 yr, and as indicated. Fourteen @entity1 had additional evaluations including abdominal CT (four), colon x-ray (five), colonoscopy (three), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (two), and upper gastrointestinal x-ray (two). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity490 generally presented with right upper quadrant discomfort. Thirty-one @entity1 (17%) had @entity158 at study entry: 33% of these had @entity158 persisting at 1 yr, and 20% of these had @entity158 persisting at 2 yr. The resolution of @entity158 was not clearly affected by @entity10055 . Evaluation with ultrasound and upper endoscopy found four @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity2963 , one with @entity2910 , four with @entity356 , one with a @entity2275 , and two with @entity9317 . Additional tests were unrevealing in 14 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity158 were similar to @entity1 without @entity158 with regard to age, histological stage, gender, and liver biochemistries. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that chronic right upper @entity158 is not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity2835 , that it usually resolves spontaneously, and that upper endoscopy is the most important diagnostic test to use to exclude treatable causes of @entity158 .

title: The natural history of @entity490 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal erosions']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric erosions']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal erosions']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Skeletal metastase is one of the most common complications related to @entity5 . The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy plus intravenous @entity171 versus radiotherapy alone for treating bone @entity3 . METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI and @entity3549 , as well as the reference lists of reports and reviews. The quality of included trials was evaluated by the Cochrane Handbook. Data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently. The Cochrane Collaboration's Rev- @entity1 5.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials involving 1 585 @entity1 were included. Compared with radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy plus intravenous @entity171 was more effective in total effective rate of @entity158 relive (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13-1.30, P < 0.001), average abated time (WMD = 16.00, 95% CI: 10.12-21.88, P < 0.001), and quality of life (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08-1.45, P = 0.003, with significant differences. Side effects have no significant differences between the two groups except fever (RR = 5.61, 95% CI: 3.11-10.13, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Current evidence supports more effective of radiotherapy plus intravenous @entity171 for bone metastases. The combine treatment is safe and effective.

title: [A systematic review on different treatment methods of bone XXXX from @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction of blood pressure represents one of the most effective means of reducing @entity64 risk. However, lack of community awareness and uncontrolled blood pressure remain a significant problem. In 2007, the National @entity64 Foundation (Australia) conducted the 'Know Your Numbers' pilot programme to improve community knowledge, based on a similar UK programme developed by the Blood Pressure Association. We aimed to determine the success of the pilot in improving knowledge and in identifying factors to improve the programme. METHODS: Pharmacy Guild of Australia and Rotary International recruited volunteers to provide a 'free' blood pressure check and educational resources between 25 and 27 October 2007 via 'pressure stations'. evaluation methods: registration log and a survey of a 'one in 10 sample' at baseline and 3 months. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: 77 out of 104 pressure stations returned data. The median tested per pressure station: 29 (interquartile range 19, 50), 66% tested by pharmacy and 32% by Rotary. Of the 2834 registrants (58% female, 55% aged >55 years), 46% had 'high' readings (>140/90 mmHg). Of those with high readings, 45% reported no history of @entity101 and one-third of the registrants were unaware of their blood pressure level. There was evidence of improved knowledge at the 3-month follow-up, with most @entity1 with @entity101 (85%, n=22) being reviewed by their doctor. CONCLUSION: The 'Know Your Numbers' pilot programme was a successful model for improving knowledge of blood pressure as an important @entity64 risk factor and encouraging individuals with @entity101 to be reviewed by their doctor. Further programmes with evaluation are being planned.

title: Feasibility of a pilot programme to increase awareness of blood pressure as an important risk factor for XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3528 is a common feature in @entity1 with @entity740 . Its serious clinical consequences include @entity8 , @entity729 that increase morbidity and mortality.Reduced synthesis of active @entity560 contributes to @entity3528 . Therefore, this condition is managed with activated @entity560 . However, @entity2741 and @entity2265 limit the use of activated @entity560 .In Denmark @entity15199 is the primary choice of @entity560 analog.A new @entity560 analog, @entity21453 , may be less prone to induce @entity2741 and @entity2265 .However, a randomised controlled clinical study comparing @entity15199 and @entity21453 has never been performed.The primary objective of this study is to compare @entity15199 and @entity21453 . We evaluate the suppression of the @entity3528 and the tendency towards @entity2265 and @entity2741 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is an investigator-initiated cross-over study. Nine Danish haemodialysis units will recruit 117 @entity1 with end @entity177 on maintenance haemodialysis therapy. @entity1 are randomised into two treatment arms. After a wash out period of 6 weeks they receive increasing doses of @entity15199 or @entity21453 for a period of 16 weeks and after a further wash out period of 6 weeks they receive the contrary treatment ( @entity21453 or @entity15199 ) for 16 weeks. DISCUSSION: @entity2742 , @entity2741 and @entity2265 are associated with increased @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 .If there is any difference in the ability of these two @entity560 analogs to decrease the @entity3528 without causing @entity2741 and @entity2265 , there may also be a difference in the risk of @entity65 depending on which @entity560 analog that are used. This has potential major importance for this group of @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00469599.

title: Treatment of @entity3528 in haemodialysis @entity1 : a randomised clinical trial comparing XXXX and @entity15199 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['calcific uremic arteriolopathy, and vascular calcifications']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity21453 :: (MESH:C084656,Chemical) :: ['paricalcitol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical benefit of mechanical recanalization procedures for @entity64 is still a matter of debate. We report the clinical and imaging results of 34 consecutive @entity1 , focusing on time aspects (i.e. vessel occlusion time and procedure duration). METHODS: During a 3-year period, 34 @entity64 @entity1 with large-vessel occlusion (anterior circulation, n = 19; posterior circulation, n = 15) were treated with several mechanical recanalization devices with (n = 17) or without prior intravenous thrombolysis. Clinical and imaging data before (NIHSS) and after treatment [(mRS) 3 and 6-30 months] were analyzed. The angiographic outcome (TIMI score), complication rates, and procedural issues (i.e. procedure duration and vessel occlusion time) were assessed. RESULTS: The median NIHSS on admission was 17. Successful recanalization (TIMI 2 and 3) was achieved in 23 (68%) @entity1 . The median time from symptom onset to recanalization was 330 min, and the median time from angiography to recanalization was 101 min. Six (18%) @entity1 had a good clinical outcome (3-month @entity5329 ), and 10 (29%) died. The vessel occlusion time was significantly shorter in @entity1 with a good compared to poor clinical outcome (247 vs. 348 min, p = 0.024). In the subgroup of anterior circulation @entity64 , successful recanalization, and no symptomatic @entity932 (n = 11), there was a strong correlation between vessel occlusion time and clinical outcome (r = 0.711, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of vessel recanalization with endovascular therapy is promising. Nevertheless, the long-term clinical outcome is still disadvantageous in the majority of @entity1 , presumably due to too long vessel occlusion times. Better strategies for @entity1 selection and optimization of recanalization strategies (i.e. shorter time intervals to vessel patency) are warranted.

title: Clinical outcome after mechanical recanalization as mono- or adjunctive therapy in XXXX : importance of time to recanalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Rationale: Generation of induced @entity299 (iCMs) directly from fibroblasts offers great opportunities for @entity299 modeling and cardiac regeneration. A major challenge of iCM generation is the low conversion rate of fibroblasts to fully reprogrammed iCMs, which could in part be attributed to unbalanced expression of reprogramming factors @entity15774 (G), @entity6998 (M), and @entity15775 (T) using the current gene delivery approach. Objective: We aimed to establish a system to express distinct ratios of G, M, T proteins in fibroblasts and determine the effect of G, M, T stoichiometry on iCM reprogramming. Methods and Results: We took advantage of the inherent feature of the polycistronic system and generated all possible combinations of G, M, T with identical 2A sequences in a single transgene. We demonstrated that each splicing order of G, M, T gave rise to distinct G, M, T protein expression levels. Combinations that resulted in higher protein level of @entity6998 with lower levels of @entity15774 and @entity15775 significantly enhanced reprogramming efficiency compared to separate G, M, T transduction. Importantly, after further optimization, the MGT vector resulted in more than 10-fold increase in the number of mature beating iCMs loci. Molecular characterization revealed that more optimal G, M, T stoichiometry correlated with higher expression of mature cardiomyocyte markers. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that stoichiometry of G, M, T protein expression influences the efficiency and quality of iCM reprogramming. The established optimal G, M, T expression condition will provide a valuable platform for future iCM studies.

title: Stoichiometry of XXXX , @entity6998 , and @entity15775 Influences the Efficiency and Quality of Induced Cardiac Myocyte Reprogramming.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac myocytes']

answer: @entity15774 :: (2626,Gene) :: ['Gata4']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic relevance of @entity62 in the parahippocampal gyrus (ACWMp) and temporal lobe gray/white matter demarcation loss (GWDL) on magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity131 . In the second part of this investigation, histologic specimens were analyzed to find an explanation for GWDL. METHODS: Retrospective visual assessment of hippocampal signal intensity and size and of ACWMp and GWDL was performed using 4- to 5-mm coronal T2-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance images of 80 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity131 and of 30 age-matched controls without @entity302 . Frequency of occurrence and likelihood ratios of ACWMp and GWDL were calculated and their contribution to the diagnosis of @entity131 was assessed, particularly in @entity1 with no or restricted @entity75 (either high signal or smaller size) on magnetic resonance imaging. The second part of the study involved the morphologic histologic assessment of neocortical temporal lobe specimens of all @entity1 . Myelin density was evaluated in specimens of a subgroup of six @entity1 with @entity131 and GWDL on MRI and six @entity1 with @entity131 without GWDL. RESULTS: ACWMp was found in 68% and GWDL in 65% of @entity1 with @entity131 on magnetic resonance imaging. Both features had an infinite positive likelihood ratio. Sixty-two @entity1 (77.5%) had concomitant hippocampal signal increase and smaller size. Eighteen @entity1 (22.5%) had no or restricted @entity75 on magnetic resonance imaging. When using ACWMp and GWDL as additional diagnostic parameters, 13 of these 18 @entity1 were more unambiguously diagnosed as having @entity131 . No significant morphologic differences were found between GWDL-positive and GWDL-negative specimens. A significantly lower average myelin stain was found in the white matter of the GWDL-positive group compared to the GWDL-negative group. CONCLUSIONS: ACWMp and GWDL can improve the visual diagnosis of @entity131 , particularly in @entity1 with no or restricted @entity75 . These results suggest that loss of myelin may be the underlying cause of GWDL in association with @entity131 .

title: Relevance of temporal lobe white matter changes in XXXX . Magnetic resonance imaging and histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral atrophy of the collateral white matter']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity302 causes a significant burden to @entity1 and to society. We aimed to calculate the factual excess in direct and indirect costs associated with @entity302 . METHODS: Using records from the Danish National @entity1 Registry (1998-2006), we identified 64,587 Danish @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity302 . Using a ratio of one @entity1 record to four control subject records, we identified 258,345 age- and gender-matched randomly chosen citizens from the Danish Civil Registration System Statistics. Direct costs included frequencies and costs of hospitalizations and weighted outpatient use, according to diagnosis-related group, and specific outpatient costs based on data from the Danish Ministry of Health. The use and costs of drugs were based on data from the Danish Medicines Agency. The frequencies of visits and hospitalizations and costs from primary sectors were based on data from the National Health Security. Indirect costs included labor supply-based income data, and all social transfer payments obtained from the Coherent Social Statistics. KEY FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity302 had significantly higher rates of health-related contacts and medication use and a higher socioeconomic cost, lower employment rates, and income compared with control subjects. These effects were identified up to 8 years before diagnosis, and worsened thereafter. The direct net annual health care and indirect costs were    14,575 for @entity1 and    1,163 for controls, giving a consequent excess cost of    13,412. In addition, @entity1 with @entity302 received an annual mean excess social transfer income of    4,194. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity302 has major socioeconomic consequences for the individual @entity1 and for society.

title: The social and economic consequences of XXXX : a controlled national study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 Contact @entity1909 is a classic delayed @entity56 . AIM: To study the reactivity and evolution in Chilean @entity1 by gender, using the standard European patch test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the European standard patch test applied to 4,022 @entity1 aged 1 to 93 years (64% female) with @entity56 Contact @entity1909 , diagnosed between January 1995 and August 2011, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: From a total of 4,022 @entity1 , 2,439 (60.6%) had a positive reaction. Among reactive @entity1 , 1,854 (76.04%) were female and 584 (23.96%) male. The most common positive allergens were @entity3406 (35.3%), @entity1953 (15.1%), fragrance mix (14%), @entity3407 (8.7%) and balsam of Peru (8.5%). In females, @entity3406 was the most common reactive antigen (34.28%), and in males, fragrance mix (15.7%). During the period 2003-2011, an increased reactivity to @entity3406 (26.6%) and a decreased reactivity to @entity7227 (29.6%) and fragrance (42.8%), was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Fragrance mix is the most common reactive allergen in males and the third for females. @entity3406 is the leading allergen in the female group and the second of importance for males, making it the most significant allergen for the Chilean population. We also observed that the reactivity of some allergens evolves and varies over time.

title: [Reactivity and evolution of 4022 patch tests in Chilean XXXX with contact dermatitis].

entities_list: @entity3406 :: ('MESH:D009532', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel', 'Nickel']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['p-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic', 'hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The characteristics of digestion, passage and rumen fill of three hays: early- and late-cut @entity5369 ( @entity5369 cv. Endura) and white clover hay (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca and Pronitro) were studied using six rumen-cannulated @entity742 fed at a restricted level of intake (18 g @entity62 ( @entity62 )/kg live weight (LW) per d), in a two 3 x 3 Latin square design. 2. Voluntary intake of the same diets was measured using a further six non-cannulated @entity742 in a similar design. 3. Rate of digestion of the three hays was measured using dacron bags and the rates of digestion of @entity62 and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) for clover hay were significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively) faster than those for the two grass hays whose rates did not differ. Rates of passage, determined using @entity3407 -mordanted hay, did not differ between treatments. 4. Rumen pool sizes of @entity62 , organic matter and fibre were generally greatest for the late-cut grass hay and lowest for the clover hay, while voluntary intake was highest (P less than 0.001) for the clover hay (36.6 g @entity62 /kg LW per d) and lowest for the late-cut grass hay (24.7 g/kg LW per d). 5. The net rate of removal of indigestible fibre from the rumen appeared to vary within the day, with maximal disappearance occurring during eating, followed by a lag phase between 5 and 10 h after feeding, with a second increase in rate between 10 and 24 h post-feeding.

title: The effect of digestibility and forage species on the removal of digesta from the rumen and the voluntary intake of hay by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity328 is one of the most important causes of microbial diseases in @entity1 . The genomes of 44 diverse strains of @entity2260 were analyzed and compared with strains of non-pathogenic streptococci of the Mitis group. RESULTS: Despite evidence of extensive recombination, the @entity2260 phylogenetic tree revealed six major lineages. With the exception of serotype 1, the tree correlated poorly with capsular serotype, geographical site of isolation and disease outcome. The distribution of dispensable genes--genes present in more than one strain but not in all strains--was consistent with phylogeny, although horizontal gene transfer events attenuated this correlation in the case of ancient lineages. Homologous recombination, involving short stretches of DNA, was the dominant evolutionary process of the core genome of @entity2260 . Genetic exchange occurred both within and across the borders of the species, and @entity6419 was the main reservoir of genetic diversity of @entity2260 . The pan-genome size of @entity2260 increased logarithmically with the number of strains and linearly with the number of polymorphic sites of the sampled genomes, suggesting that acquired genes accumulate proportionately to the age of clones. Most genes associated with pathogenicity were shared by all @entity2260 strains, but were also present in @entity6419 , @entity9858 and S. infantis, indicating that these genes are not sufficient to determine virulence. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic exchange with related species sharing the same ecological niche is the main mechanism of evolution of @entity2260 . The open pan-genome guarantees the species a quick and economical response to diverse environments.

title: Structure and dynamics of the pan-genome of XXXX and closely related species.

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the role of radiosurgery in the management of symptomatic @entity1 with @entity2850 from @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Over a 17-year, period 246 @entity1 (202 @entity5513 and 44 @entity1653 ) with @entity2850 from benign skull-base @entity5 were managed with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Median @entity5 volumes were 3.9 cm(3) (range, 0.8-39.0 mL) and 6.6 mL (range, 1.6-25.1 mL) for @entity5513 and @entity1653 , respectively. For both @entity5 , a median marginal dose of 13 Gy was prescribed. Median follow-up of @entity1 was 65 months for @entity5513 and 60 months for @entity1653 . @entity1 were categorized into four groups on the basis of the @entity5 -brainstem relationship on neuroimaging. RESULTS: Preservation of function was stratified according to grade of @entity2850 . We analyzed the effect of radiosurgery on symptoms of @entity2850 . The @entity5 control rate was 100 % for @entity1653 and 97% for @entity5513 (although 5% required an additional procedure such as a ventriculoperitoneal shunt). In @entity1 with @entity5513 , serviceable hearing was preserved in 72.0%. Balance improved in 31.9%, remained unchanged in 56.5%, and deteriorated in 11.6% of @entity1 who had imbalance at presentation. Balance improved significantly in @entity1 who had less @entity5 compression (p = 0.0357) after radiosurgery. Symptoms improved in 43.2% of @entity1 with @entity1653 . CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery is a minimally invasive option for @entity1 with @entity5 that indent or distort the brainstem. A high @entity5 growth control rate and satisfactory rate of neurological preservation and symptom control can be obtained with radiosurgery.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity5 with symptoms from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign basal tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['brainstem compression']


abstract: @entity4018 is a @entity6961 incurable with conventional strategies. Several small series have reported long-term disease-free survival (DSF) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In this study, we analyze the outcomes of 289 @entity1 receiving allogeneic transplantation for primary @entity4018 between 1989 and 2002, from the database of the Center for International Bone Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). The median age was 47 years (range: 18-73 years). Donors were HLA identical siblings in 162 @entity1 , unrelated individuals in 101 @entity1 , and HLA nonidentical family members in 26 @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with a variety of conditioning regimens and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis regimens. Splenectomy was performed in 65 @entity1 prior to transplantation. The 100-day treatment-related mortality was 18% for HLA identical sibling transplants, 35% for unrelated transplants, and 19% for transplants from alternative related donors. Corresponding 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 37%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. DFS rates were 33%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. DFS for @entity1 receiving reduced-intensity transplants was comparable: 39% for HLA identical sibling donors and 17% for unrelated donors at 3 years. In this large retrospective series, allogeneic transplantation for @entity4018 resulted in long-term relapse-free survival (RFS) in about one-third of @entity1 .

title: Outcome of transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['Myelofibrosis', 'myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: Docetaxel (Taxotere; Rh  ne-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) has been widely studied in phase II trials in Europe and in the United States in a range of solid @entity5 . This review examines its activity in diseases other than @entity0 (which are reviewed elsewhere in this supplement). Seventeen separate trials in eight @entity5 types have been reviewed, including almost 500 evaluable cases. All studies involved the same schedule, ie, @entity1205 100 mg/m2 given over 1 hour every 3 weeks. Significant activity has been seen in several diseases. Response rates in @entity43 range from 17% to 37% (according to extent of prior therapy); in gastric and @entity788 , response rates of 26% and 29% have been reported, despite the fact that these diseases are notoriously resistant to chemotherapy. Other @entity5 types in which activity has been seen include @entity135 (32% response rate), @entity320 (17%), and soft tissue @entity242 (18%). With regard to @entity137 , a major feature has been the development of @entity6112 and @entity137 ; efforts to ameliorate this with premedication are under way. For the future, trials will examine combination schedules and will also assess the drug's activity compared with @entity1311 . Current data suggest that it possesses antitumor efficacy that is at least as broad, and there are examples in which preliminary information indicates superiority.

title: XXXX (Taxotere) in the treatment of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']