abstract: Decellularized whole organs represent ideal scaffolds for engineering new organs and/or cell transplantation. Here, we investigate whether decellularized liver scaffolds provide cell-friendly biocompatible three-dimensional (3-D) environment to support the proliferation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells. @entity19 liver tissues are efficiently decellularized through portal vein perfusion. Using the reversibly immortalized @entity19 fetal hepatic progenitor cells (iHPCs), we are able to effectively recellularize the decellularized liver scaffolds. The perfused iHPCs survive and proliferate in the 3-D scaffolds in vitro for 2 weeks. When the recellularized scaffolds are implanted into the kidney capsule of athymic @entity19 , cell survival and proliferation of the implanted scaffolds are readily detected by whole body imaging for 10 days. Furthermore, @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) is shown to significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of the implanted iHPCs. Histologic and immunochemical analyzes indicate that iHPCs are able to proliferate and differentiate to mature hepatocytes upon @entity6354 stimulation in the scaffolds. The recellularization of the biomaterial scaffolds is accompanied with @entity455 . Taken together, these results indicate that decullarized liver scaffolds effectively support the proliferation and differentiation of iHPCs, suggesting that decellularized liver matrix may be used as ideal biocompatible scaffolds for hepatocyte transplantation.

title: Decellularized liver scaffolds effectively support the proliferation and differentiation of XXXX fetal hepatic progenitors.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascularization']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between maternal occupational physical exertion and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) with @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) among Thai @entity1 , a population that differs in many respects from @entity1 in Western countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate associations of maternal occupational physical exertion and LTPA with @entity3152 in aggregate and in subgroups (i.e., spontaneous @entity3152 , preterm @entity397 of membrane, medically indicated @entity3152 , moderate @entity3152 [gestational age 32-36 weeks], and very @entity3152 [<32 weeks]) among Thai @entity1 . METHODS: This case-control study included 467 @entity3152 cases and 467 term controls. Maternal occupational exertion during pregnancy, as well as habitual engagement in LTPA before and during pregnancy was assessed using a structured questionnaire administered after delivery. Logistic regression procedures were used to examine relationships between both occupational and leisure time physical activity and @entity3152 . RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders, @entity1 who reported heavy physical occupational exertion during pregnancy, compared with other @entity1 , had a 2.42-fold increased risk of @entity3152 overall [OR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.15, 5.09]. Very @entity3152 [OR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.65, 12.64] and medically indicated @entity3152 [OR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.54, 9.32] were particularly strongly associated with heavy occupational exertion. Maternal participation in LTPA before pregnancy was associated with a 24% reduction in @entity3152 risk overall [OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.00], though no similar pattern in risk reduction was observed for LTPA performed during the first 6 months of pregnancy [OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.36]. CONCLUSION: Consistent with some previous reports, we noted that heavy occupational physical exertion is associated with at least a doubling in @entity3152 risk. Patterns of associations of @entity3152 risk with LTPA were less well delineated in this Thai population.

title: Preterm Delivery Risk in Relation to Maternal Occupational and Leisure Time Physical Activity Among Thai XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD', 'preterm labor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: This study aimed to determine whether the changes in practice in the management of @entity565 since the early 1980s have improved standards (as assessed by higher actual/best function) and reduced the need for oral @entity288 . All @entity748 outpatients were reviewed in 1980, 1983, 1988/89 and 1993/94. Therapeutic step, defined by suppressive medication alone, actual and best peak expiratory flow (PEF) were recorded. Cohorts from 1980, 1983 and 1988/89 were identified in whom best function was established on all subsequent occasions. Changes in practice demonstrated by cross-sectional review of all subjects were interpreted with the aid of longitudinal analysis of the cohorts. Attendance increased from 463 in 1980 to 772 in 1993/94. Between 1983 and 1993/94, the proportion maintained on inhaled @entity288 increased from 49 to 84% with increased use of higher doses. Mean actual/best PEF rose from 80 to 87%, improving at each therapeutic step. The proportion needing rescue oral @entity288 fell from 47 to 35% and maintenance oral @entity288 from 20 to 9%. In the cohorts, there was a similar reduction in use of rescue @entity288 , but not of maintenance oral @entity288 . The study confirmed an increase in the use and dose of inhaled @entity288 , and a better outcome at all treatment steps. The fall in the proportion of subjects dependent on oral @entity288 was due to @entity6661 , rather than weaning in later years.

title: Management and control of XXXX as assessed by actual/best function and corticosteroid use 1980-1993/4.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Chromosome analysis was performed on 70 @entity1313 . Thirty-six @entity5 showed clonal karyotypes characterized by many @entity66 ; 20 @entity1653 revealed monosomy 22 as a consistent abnormality, and 12 @entity11 showed @entity854 frequently involving chromosomes 3, 7, and 22. Of the remaining 34 @entity5 , 24 had normal karyotypes and 10 had clonal cells with loss and/or an extra sex chromosome with single trisomy of chromosomes 3, 6, 7, or 14. Sex chromosome aneuploidy was mostly due to loss of the Y or an X chromosome and was observed in 25 @entity5 , usually together with @entity66 . In these @entity5 the average frequency of cells with sex chromosome aneuploidy was 52%, with a range from 12% to 100%. Loss of the Y was found significantly more frequently in @entity5 of aged @entity1 . Chromosome analysis in materials subcultured for a long period showed a tendency for cellular selection in which clonal cells with many @entity66 disappeared rapidly and karyotypes having loss or an extra sex chromosome and/or trisomy 7 were present in an increasing proportion with advance of cell generations in vitro. We infer that the cells having loss of one sex chromosome or trisomy 7 have a proliferative advantage. And that cells bearing only these abnormalities may exist in normal brain tissue more abundantly than in any other body tissue. The possibility of tissue-specific aneuploid mosaicism in the normal tissue would allow an alternative interpretation for simple @entity5 .

title: Chromosome studies in 70 XXXX with special attention to sex chromosome loss and single autosomal trisomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal trisomy in solid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['various abnormalities']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Long-term prevention of @entity955 is not constantly realized by single-site right atrial pacing, and the beneficial role of multisite atrial pacing is still being studied. Accordingly, we compared the effectiveness of dual site and single site atrial pacing in 83 @entity1 (50 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 , aged 69 +/- 10 years), who received a DDD device for @entity1817 or @entity1168 with documented @entity955 . Inclusion criteria for dual site pacing were a sinus P wave > or = 120 ms and at least two episodes of documented @entity7965 in the 6 months preceding implantation. Dual site atrial pacing (high right atrium-coronary sinus ostium) was performed in 30 cases, and was compared to 53 single site paced @entity1 , 21 with a P wave > or = 120 ms and 32 with a P wave < 120 ms. The basic pacing rate was programmed at 68 +/- 4 beats/min (range 60-75 beats/min). Sinus P wave (133 +/- 20 vs 95 +/- 9 ms; P < 0.001), paced P wave (107 +/- 14 vs 99 +/- 15; P < 0.05), number of antiarrhythmic drugs used (2.4 +/- 1.2 vs 1.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05), and the duration of symptoms (8.1 +/- 4.5 vs 3.8 +/- 2.4 years; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in dual site @entity1 . The other characteristics were similar. During the follow-up of 18 +/- 15 months (range 3-30 months), @entity7965 was documented in 33 @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 13 developed permanent AF following at least one episode of @entity7965 . When comparing dual site @entity1 and single site @entity1 with a P wave duration > or = 120 ms, @entity7965 incidence was lower in the dual site group (9/30 @entity1 vs 15/21 @entity1 , P < 0.01), as well as permanent AF (1/30 @entity1 vs 8/21 @entity1 , P < 0.01). By contrast, comparison between dual site @entity1 and the group of single site @entity1 with a P wave duration < 120 ms did not evidence any significant differences in paroxysmal (9/30 @entity1 vs 9/32 @entity1 ) and permanent (1/30 @entity1 vs 4/32 @entity1 ) AF incidences. Dual site seems better able than single site atrial pacing to improve the natural history of @entity1 with a prolonged P wave, reducing the incidence of paroxysmal and permanent AF. No benefit could be expected in @entity1 with a normal P wave duration.

title: Is dual site better than single site atrial pacing in the prevention of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['primary sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal AF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: It is known that the @entity1 brain contains many kinds of proteoglycans, but almost all of them remain to be characterized. In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody against a @entity1391 -buffered saline-soluble brain proteoglycan (MAb 6B4). MAb 6B4 recognized a 600- to 1000-kDa chondroitin @entity597 proteoglycan with a 250-kDa core protein (6B4 proteoglycan). The core protein of 6B4 proteoglycan carried the @entity4755 epitope. Immunohistochemical analysis of the adult @entity35 brain indicated that this proteoglycan was expressed on the cell surfaces of a subset of neurons. In the hindbrain, 6B4 proteoglycan was highly expressed on the cerebellar Purkinje cells and Golgi cells, and at particular nuclei including the pontine nuclei and lateral reticular nucleus. Almost all of these nuclei were connected to the cerebellum through the mossy fiber system. A developmental study indicated that the expression of this proteoglycan changed dramatically during the formation of the cerebellar mossy fiber system. The mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei expressed 6B4 proteoglycan transiently from Embryonic Day 20 (E20) to Postnatal Day 30 (P30), during which time the axonal outgrowth and glomerular synapse formation occurred. The Purkinje cells, glomeruli, and Golgi cells began to be stained with MAb 6B4 from @entity6585 , @entity986 , and @entity41578 , respectively. These expression stages correspond with the onset of their synapse formation. These results suggest that 6B4 proteoglycan is closely involved in the development of the cerebellar mossy fiber system.

title: A chondroitin XXXX proteoglycan that is developmentally regulated in the cerebellar mossy fiber system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: The @entity1838 ToxT regulon includes the genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) and the @entity11849 ( @entity11849 ), which are the major virulence factors required for causing @entity66 and colonizing the upper small intestine of the host, respectively. The genes encoding CT, ctxAB, and the genes encoding the components of the @entity11849 , tcpA to tcpJ, are organized within operons, upstream of which are DNA binding sites for the transcriptional activator ToxT. ToxT is a member of the large AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators and also activates transcription of five other genes whose roles in @entity1838 pathogenesis, if any, are poorly understood. acfA and acfD are divergently transcribed genes required for efficient colonization of the intestine. Transcriptional activation of acfA and acfD requires a pair of central ToxT binding sites in an inverted-repeat configuration for ToxT-directed transcription of both genes. tcpI has an unknown role in pathogenesis. aldA and tagA are divergently transcribed genes that also have unknown roles in pathogenesis. In this study, we map the aldA and tagA promoters and identify the ToxT binding sites upstream of each gene. Our results suggest that two ToxT binding sites in an inverted-repeat configuration are required for ToxT-directed transcription of tagA and that a single ToxT binding site is required for ToxT-directed transcription of aldA. Furthermore, to direct transcription of tagA and aldA, ToxT uses independent binding regions upstream of each gene, in contrast to what we previously found for the divergently transcribed acfA and acfD genes, which share ToxT binding sites between the two genes.

title: XXXX ToxT independently activates the divergently transcribed aldA and tagA genes.

entities_list: @entity11849 :: ('MESH:D065766', 'Disease') :: ['TCP', 'toxin-coregulated pilus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cholera disease']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree and duration of @entity158 relief provided by specific @entity158 treatments used by individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) who have @entity1118 . DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : @entity1 were 117 individuals who had traumatic @entity1566 , were 18 years of age or older, and reported a @entity1118 problem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questions assessing current or past use of 26 different @entity158 treatments, the amount of relief each treatment provided, and the length of time that any @entity158 relief usually lasts. RESULTS: The medications tried most often were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tried by 71%) and @entity1443 (tried by 70%); these medications were still being used by more than one half of the @entity1 who had tried them. Opioids produced the greatest degree of @entity158 relief on average (mean, 6.27 +/- 3.05 [SD] on a 0-10 scale, with 0 = no relief and 10 = complete relief) but were unlikely to be continued by those who tried them. Although 38% of respondents with @entity158 had tried gabapentin, only 17% were still using it, and average @entity158 relief was only moderate (mean, 3.32 +/- 3.03 on the 0-10 relief scale). Seventy-three percent of the respondents had tried at least 1 of 7 alternative @entity158 treatments, and the most frequently tried were massage, @entity835 , and acupuncture. The most relief was provided by massage (mean, 6.05 +/- 2.47] on the 0-10 relief scale) and @entity835 (mean, 6.62 +/- 2.54 on the 0-10 relief scale). The relief from the various treatments, including most medications, tended to last only minutes or hours; however, @entity158 relief from alternative treatments such as massage, acupuncture, and hypnosis was reported to last for days in 25% to 33% of those who tried these treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 are not finding adequate @entity158 relief from commonly prescribed medications. Alternative therapies should be considered as additional treatment options in this population.

title: Treatments for @entity1118 in @entity1 with XXXX : A survey study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['marijuana']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autonomous secretion of @entity1369 in @entity1 with primary aldosteronism increases glomerular filtration rate and causes @entity8 . The influence of a mild @entity8 on residual @entity101 after adrenalectomy is unexplored. STUDY DESIGN: Nonconcurrent prospective study. SETTING _ @entity1 : The study was based on the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) database. 150 @entity1 (61 @entity1 ; overall mean age, 47.2 +/- 11.6 years) with a diagnosis of @entity1369 -producing @entity652 had undergone unilateral adrenalectomy at National Taiwan University Hospital from July 1999 to January 2007. PREDICTOR: Presurgery estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: Residual @entity101 after adrenalectomy, defined either as less than 75% of recorded blood pressure measurements with systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or requiring antihypertensive medications during the first year after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, 27 (18%), 72 (48%), and 51 (34%) @entity1 had moderately to severely decreased (<60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), mildly decreased (60 <or= eGFR < 90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), or nondecreased eGFR (>or=90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), respectively. After surgery, 16 (59.3%), 29 (40.3%), and 10 (19.3%) @entity1 in each category had postsurgery residual @entity101 . Compared with @entity1 without decreased eGFR before surgery, adjusted odds ratios for postsurgery residual @entity101 were 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 7.0; P = 0.04) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 9.3) for mildly and moderately to severely decreased eGFR, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Arbitrary definition for residual @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of @entity1 with @entity1369 -producing @entity652 were cured of @entity101 by means of unilateral adrenalectomy. Kidney function impairment, even mild, appears to be associated with a high incidence of postsurgery residual @entity101 .

title: Association of kidney function with residual XXXX after treatment of @entity1369 -producing @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in kidney function', 'kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A silent infection of the male accessory genital organs was found in the semen of 78 @entity1 (22,3%) of 350 infertile @entity1 . All the sperm characteristics (except agglutination) were significantly deteriorated in the infection group as compared to the sperm of 36 normal @entity1 . The volume was significantly larger than normal. In this group there was significant @entity491 and, as a sign of @entity1069 , reduced seminal acid phosphatase and @entity1792 activity. Chemotherapy for a period of two to four weeks improved @entity491 and sperm transiently. Only acid phosphatase was normal three months after the treatment. Suggested reasons for the @entity249 of the silent infection group are: 1. hypofunction of the male genital organs, caused by a primary, strong infection suffered earlier. 2. The chronic, nonclinical infection of the male accessory genital organs, mainly as a complication of the @entity281 . Chemotherapy for a period of four weeks seems to be too short to correct the silent infection as well as the @entity249 .

title: XXXX in male accessory genital organs and male infertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Silent infection']


abstract: The advent of Next-Generation sequencing technologies, which significantly increases the throughput and reduces the cost of large-scale sequencing efforts, provides an unprecedented opportunity for discovery of novel gene mutations in @entity1 @entity5 . However, it remains a challenge to apply Next-Generation technologies to DNA extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 specimens. We describe here the successful development of a custom DNA capture method using Next-Generation for detection of 140 driver genes in five @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity1 @entity694 samples using an improved extraction process to produce high-quality DNA. Isolated DNA was enriched for targeted exons and sequenced using the Illumina Next-Generation platform. An analytical pipeline using 3 software platforms to define single- @entity377 variants was used to evaluate the data output. Approximately 250   average coverage was obtained with >96% of target bases having at least 30 sequence reads. Results were then compared with previously performed high-throughput Sanger sequencing. Using an algorithm of needing a positive call from all three callers to give a positive result, 98% of the verified Sanger sequencing somatic driver gene mutations were identified by our method with a specificity of 90%. In all, 13 insertions and deletions identified by Next-Generation were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We also applied this technology to two components of a biphasic @entity694 , which had strikingly differing histology. Remarkably, no new driver gene mutation accumulation was identified in the more undifferentiated component. Applying this method to profiling of @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity694 tissue samples yields equivalent sensitivity and specificity for mutation detection as Sanger sequencing of matched cell lines derived from these @entity5 . This method directly enables high-throughput comprehensive mutational profiling of @entity694 samples, and is easily extendable to enable targeted sequencing from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded material for other @entity5 types.

title: Global mutational profiling of @entity406 -fixed XXXX @entity694 from a pathology archive.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A major complication associated with prosthetic heart valves is valve @entity715 and @entity887 . Depending on the valve design these complications should be almost eliminated by anticoagulants or @entity117 . However, valve @entity715 and @entity887 may occur despite apparently adequate anticoagulation. The question is whether these thrombi arise as a result of local factors such as the foreign surface and disturbance of flow at the valve site, or as a result of alteration of the hemostatic balance within the blood favoring @entity715 formation. Such a disturbance, known as @entity49 , is the result of @entity1423 , or diminished fibrinolytic activity. In this article the underlying mechanism of the coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms is discussed, with particular emphasis on the pathways, by which activation of the coagulation system or an increase in the inhibition of fibrinolysis might occur. The laboratory tests which might be useful in detecting platelet activation, activation of coagulation or fibrinolytic activity are discussed. The potential significance of raised blood viscosity associated with a rise in @entity2002 is emphasized, in particular the fact that elevated @entity2002 is a risk marker of many types of @entity432 . Whether raised @entity2002 is causal in the pathogenesis of @entity715 at the valve site, or merely is a consequence of the prosthesis, is not known. There is some information on the fact that @entity1 with intracardiac, and left atrial thrombi in @entity955 , have activation of coagulation as shown by elevated levels of markers and also raised @entity2880 factor levels. However, it is emphasized that large scale prospective studies, in which the risk markers are measured, and then the @entity1 with prosthetic valves followed to determine whether or not they experience clinical embolic events has not been carried out. It is unlikely that a single hemostatic test, or indeed, a number of tests, will be able to predict with accuracy the individual who is at particular risk of @entity887 . Nevertheless, it is important that we seek to gain further information of the mechanisms of prosthetic valve @entity715 formation, and then apply this knowledge in controlled clinical trials. Only this way will better anticoagulant and antithrombotic control of these devastating embolic events be achieved.

title: The investigation of a heart valve @entity1 with suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased platelet activation or coagulation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['hypercoagulability']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2741 mediated by @entity10692 ( @entity3873 ) is uncommon, with evidence on etiology limited to small case series or case reports. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to systematically identify a large series of cases of @entity3873 -mediated @entity2741 and document the presentation, demographics, and clinical course across etiologies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The study was a hospital-based, retrospective case series, identifying subjects from 1999 through 2009 across the public hospital system in Queensland, Australia. All @entity1 aged over 18 years were identified that had persistent @entity2741 associated with elevated or inappropriately normal @entity3873 concentration or elevated serum @entity1289 . RESULTS: A total of 101 cases were identified. @entity370 was the most common etiology (49%), followed by @entity1583 (17%) and @entity281 (8%). Etiologies not previously described include @entity957 , @entity43 , and @entity1072 . Median serum @entity1289 was higher in @entity370 @entity1 compared with all other causes [218 U/L (176-277) vs 155 U/L (110-208), P < .001], but a level above the normal range did not discriminate well between cases of @entity370 and other causes (specificity at cutoff of 130 U/L was only 31%). However, a value greater than 250 U/L was highly specific (89%) for @entity370 but lacked sensitivity (31%). A @entity3873 level greater than 300 pmol/L was not seen in @entity370 but was seen with other etiologies. Cases with neoplastic etiologies were older (61.4    11.4 y) than all other subjects (51.7    15.0 y, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2741 mediated by @entity3873 remains a rare presentation. In almost half the cases, @entity370 was the underlying cause, whereas a third of @entity1 had @entity5 or @entity281 .

title: @entity3873 -mediated XXXX : causes and course in 101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'sarcoid']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity356 , as the fourth most frequent @entity5 worldwide, has the highest rate among @entity5 in Ardabil province, located in North-West Iran. @entity21622 reductase is one of the @entity5 susceptibility genes with considerable polymorphisms. @entity21622 reductase @entity9770 leads to a decrease of about 30% in its product activity and is reported to have an effect on @entity5 susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity21622 reductase @entity9770 genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism on peripheral blood DNA from 76 @entity356 @entity1 and 91 healthy controls. The statistical significance was calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.2  11.1 and 62.1  9.8 years for cases and controls, respectively. Among @entity5 , 35.5% were diffuse type and others were intestinal. The frequency of genotypes was 61.8%, 32.9%, and 5.3% among cases and 45.1%, 50.6%, and 4.4% among controls for Ala/Ala, Ala/ @entity2596 , and @entity2596 / @entity2596 , respectively. CT heterozygotes had lower susceptibility to @entity356 (p=0.02). This relationship of significance was detected considering gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that T allele has a protective association with age in the Ardabil province.

title: XXXX susceptibility by MTHFR @entity9770 polymorphism in Ardabil Province, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related disorders', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity21622 :: ('CHEBI:25297', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene tetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric cancer', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Decrease in gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Salivary gland dysfunction is one of the key manifestations of @entity244 . OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess prospectively loss of function of individual salivary glands in @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity244 in relation to disease duration and use of immunomodulatory drugs. (2) To study changes in sialochemical and laboratory values and subjective complaints over time. METHODS: 60 @entity1 with @entity244 were included in this study. Whole and gland-specific saliva (parotid and submandibular/sublingual (SM/SL)), samples were collected at baseline and after a mean of 3.6 (SD 2.3) years of follow-up. Disease duration was recorded for all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity244 with @entity66 duration had significantly higher stimulated flow rates at baseline than those with @entity66 duration (p<0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the decrease in SM/SL flow rates at baseline was more prominent than that in parotid flow rates (p<0.05). Over time, there was a significant further decrease of stimulated flow rates, especially of the parotid gland, accompanied by increasing problems with swallowing dry food (p<0.05). The decrease was independent of the use of @entity288 or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Sialochemical variables remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Early @entity244 is characterised by a decreased salivary gland function (parotis>SM/SL), which shows a further decrease over time, regardless of the use of DMARDs or @entity230 . @entity1 with @entity244 with @entity66 duration are characterised by severely reduced secretions of both the parotid and SM/SL glands. These observations are relevant for identifying @entity1 who would most likely benefit from intervention treatment.

title: Progression of salivary gland dysfunction in XXXX with Sjogren's syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['longer disease', 'short disease']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: " @entity3551 " is a generic term which combines different diseases in @entity1 and childhood. Both the upper and lower urinary tract may be affected. Diseases of the urinary tract can cause an @entity3885 . Sometimes @entity5 may cause a compression and as secondary effect an obstruction (extrinsic). Ultrasound is the key diagnostic tool and shows dilatation of the obstructed urinary tract. But for the functional exploration of babies and toddlers, renal scanning and X-ray examinations are necessary. These examinations lead to an exposure to radiation which necessitates careful indication. Some of the @entity66 (for example ureteropelvic junction obstruction, megaureter) show a maturation without any intervention. So one has to decide whether to wait and see or to operate. A percutaneous nephrostomy or a DJ-catheter is not often used in the treatment of obstruction in general. These forms of drainage are more often used in the treatment of stones or of @entity3885 . A pyelocutaneostomy or ureterocutaneostomy is a special surgical procedure in pediatric urology for transient drainage of the upper urinary tract (megaureter). The operation of a seriously ill new-born should be done in a centre for pediatric urology and pediatric nephrology. When the upper urinary tract is dilated, @entity1 may need an antibiotic prophylaxis, because the dilatation of the upper urinary tract increases the risk of @entity293 ( @entity293 ). The indication for antibiotic prophylaxis should by guided by the criteria of the @entity10793 -Consensus Paper. Long-term follow-up is necessary and should comprise ultrasound, physical examination, controlling the blood pressure, urine analysis and blood tests. The aims of diagnostics, treatment and long-term follow-up are the preservation of renal function and to protect the @entity1 from @entity293 . This goal must be reached under conditions that are appropriate for @entity1 and their parents.

title: [ XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic obstruction', 'intrinsic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['Obstructive uropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity4518 ( @entity571 ) and to explore the association between radiographic patellofemoral @entity571 and symptoms and function 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: The study @entity1 (n = 221) were consecutively included at the time of an ACL reconstruction in the period from 1990 to 1997. Knee laxity (KT-1000), isokinetic quadriceps strength, triple jump, stair hop, and the Cincinnati knee score were measured 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 12 years after surgery. At the 12-year follow-up, visual analogue scale for @entity158 , the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score, the Tegner activity scale, and radiographic examination (Kellgren and Lawrence score) were added. To analyse the association between patellofemoral @entity571 , symptoms, and function, binary regression analyses presenting odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were used. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-one of the 221 subjects (82 %), including 76 females (42 %) and 105 males (58 %), were evaluated at the 12.3    1.2-year follow-up. Mean age at the follow-up was 39.1    8.7 years. Additional meniscal or chondral injuries at the time of reconstruction or during the follow-up period were detected in 116 subjects (64 %). Radiographic patellofemoral @entity571 was found in 48 subjects (26 %), including 3 subjects with isolated patellofemoral @entity571 (1.5 %). Those with patellofemoral @entity571 were older, had more tibiofemoral @entity571 , and had significantly more symptoms and impaired function compared with those without patellofemoral @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: Patellofemoral @entity571 was found in 26 % 12 years after ACL reconstruction. Patellofemoral @entity571 was associated with increased age, tibiofemoral @entity571 , increased symptoms, and reduced function. It is of clinical importance to include functional and radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint in the examination of long-term consequences following an ACL reconstruction.

title: The prevalence of XXXX 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity4518 :: (MESH:D046788,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck the Niigata-Chuetsu region of Japan at 5.56 P.M. on the 23rd of October, 2004. The earthquake was followed by sustained occurrence of numerous aftershocks, which delayed reconstruction of community lifelines. Even one year after the earthquake, 9,160 @entity1 were living in temporary housing. Such a devastating earthquake and life after the earthquake in an unfamiliar environment should cause @entity458 , especially among the elderly. METHODS: Psychological distress was measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in 2,083 subjects (69% response rate) who were living in transient housing five months after the earthquake. GHQ-12 was scored using the original method, Likert scoring and corrected method. The subjects were asked to assess their psychological status before the earthquake, their psychological status at the most stressful time after the earthquake and their psychological status at five months after the earthquake. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to reveal the factor structure of GHQ12. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between various background factors and GHQ-12 score and its subscale. RESULTS: GHQ-12 scores were significantly elevated at the most stressful time and they were significantly high even at five months after the earthquake. Factor analysis revealed that a model consisting of two factors ( @entity409 and dysphoria) using corrected GHQ scoring showed a high level of goodness-of-fit. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age of subjects affected GHQ-12 scores. GHQ-12 score as well as its @entity409 ' scale were increased with increasing age of subjects at five months after the earthquake. CONCLUSION: @entity73 was observed even at five months after the Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake in the elderly. The elderly were more affected by matters relating to coping with daily problems.

title: XXXX in the elderly after the Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake in Japan:a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired psychological recovery']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ["factor 'social dysfunction", 'social dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Impaired psychological recovery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotion therapy (CRT) for advanced @entity5 has improved @entity66 . @entity5 regression may be associated with the absence of viable @entity5 cells in the mesorectum, and thus local excision (LE) of such lesions as an alternative to radical surgery has recently gained interest. We report the long-term outcome of LE in @entity1 with a mural pathological complete response (ypT0) after CRT. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity5 treated by CRT and followed by LE with pathological complete response in the specimen between 1998 and 2009 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 174 @entity1 had neoadjuvant CRT, and 68 (39 %) showed complete clinical response (cCR). Thirty-one of the cCR @entity1 underwent LE; 23 of them resulted in ypT0 and 8 had @entity66 . The ypT0 group included 12 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 with a median age of 66. The pretreatment stage was T3N1 in 4 (17 %) @entity1 , T3N0 in 11 (48 %), T2N1 in 3 (13 %), and T2N0 in 5 (22 %). The median @entity5 distance from the anal verge was 6 cm. Sixteen @entity1 (70 %) underwent transanal excision, and 7 (30 %) were treated by transanal-endoscopic microsurgery. Three @entity1 died: one of @entity55 , one of @entity320 , and @entity2 . No local or distant recurrences were detected in the remaining 20 @entity1 . The median follow-up was 87 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although radical rectal resection is the treatment of choice, @entity5 regression could be a safe alternative with an acceptable result in selected @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcome of local excision after complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'LE of complete rectal tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'Complete rectal wall tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['one of lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further evaluate the roles of @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ), @entity1549 , and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity32 and @entity2681 in early @entity625 . METHODS: Untreated @entity1 with joint symptoms for <2 years were evaluated at presentation and followed up prospectively for 18 months. Swollen joint count and serum levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were determined every 6 months. Serum levels of @entity3334 , @entity1549 , and @entity2843 were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the same time intervals. The number of joint @entity2681 in serial radiographs of the hands and feet was also recorded. Analysis of synovial fluid levels of MMPs and @entity2843 at presentation was completed in some @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 175 @entity1 evaluated at baseline, 85 had @entity309 ( @entity309 ), 39 had seronegative @entity5145 , 38 had undifferentiated @entity625 , and 13 had self-limiting @entity625 . Of 164 @entity1 with available radiographs of the hands and feet at presentation, 33 (20.1%) had joint @entity2681 . Baseline levels of @entity3334 , @entity1549 , and @entity2843 were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.013, and P = 0.0001, respectively) and ratios of @entity2843 : @entity3334 and @entity2843 : @entity1549 were significantly lower (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.013, respectively) in @entity309 versus non- @entity309 @entity1 . In @entity309 patients, serum levels of @entity1851 correlated with @entity1549 and @entity2843 levels, but not with @entity3334 levels. The number of @entity2681 at presentation correlated with baseline levels of both @entity3334 and @entity1549 , but not with levels of @entity2843 . One hundred one @entity1 were followed up for the next 18 months. The number of @entity1 with @entity2681 and the number of @entity2681 per @entity1 increased significantly during this period. Area under the curve (AUC) measurements of @entity3334 and @entity2843 levels, but not of @entity1549 levels, yielded significantly higher values in @entity309 than in non- @entity309 @entity1 . In @entity309 @entity1 , only the AUC level of @entity1549 correlated with the AUC @entity1851 level (r = 0.67, P = 0.0001), while only the AUC level of @entity3334 correlated with the number of new joint @entity2681 (r = 0.28, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: These data suggest an uncoupling of the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with @entity32 and articular erosion. Treatments that inhibit the production and activity of @entity3334 may preferentially limit the formation of new joint @entity2681 and improve the long-term functional outcome of some @entity1 with @entity625 .

title: Early joint XXXX and serum levels of @entity3334 , matrix metalloproteinase 3, and @entity2843 in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase 1']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions', 'articular erosions']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['erosions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in @entity1 with @entity2956 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 aged between 18 and 40 years were recruited for the study. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 was used to allocate the volunteers to the control group (n = 15) and @entity4841 group (n = 15). Both groups were submitted to infrared thermography of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), followed by a punctual analysis of the images. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of skin surface temperature between groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the reliability of the infrared image analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis. RESULTS: Skin temperature was significantly greater over the left (P = .004) and right (P = .012) @entity1348 in the @entity4841 group. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.841 to 0.874. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.598 to 0.675. CONCLUSION: Excellent intrarater and interrater reliability was found in the analysis of the infrared images of the @entity1348 . However, infrared thermography demonstrated a low accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in @entity1 with @entity2956 .

title: Accuracy and reliability of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in XXXX with @entity2956 .

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular Disorders', 'temporomandibular disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity779 was first documented in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, by virus isolation of @entity779 virus in 1994 at the virology laboratory of Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital. @entity778 surveillance was established after that time. Blood samples were collected from 985 @entity1 (710 male @entity1 and 275 female @entity1 ) with suspected cases of dengue from February 1994 to December 1999. @entity778 isolates were obtained in 207 @entity1 (21%; 162 male @entity1 and 45 female @entity1 ). @entity779 was the predominant serotype (138 of 207 isolates, 66.7%), followed by @entity779 with (56 of 207 isolates, 27%) and dengue type 3 (13 of 207 isolates, 6.3%). The largest number of isolates (186 of 207 isolates, 90%) was in 1994, a year during which there was a @entity779 . In the next 5 years, 1995-1999, only 21 isolates (10%) were isolated. Immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive in 160 acute samples; 52 of them were from virus culture-positive cases and 108 (11%) from culture-negative cases. The total number of cases diagnosed by both methods was 315 (32%). The prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies, as assessed on the basis of immunofluorescent assay, hemagglutination inhibition titers > or = 1/20, or both, in the acute samples was 314 (32%) of 985, indicating past @entity31713 . Two @entity1 died, one @entity1 with @entity7643 and one @entity1 with @entity7643 . Both @entity779 cases were due to @entity778 . All other cases were @entity779 . To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming the circulation of 3 dengue serotypes in Jeddah.

title: Virologic and serologic surveillance for XXXX in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1994-1999.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infection with type 2 virus', 'Dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity31713 :: ('MESH:D018177', 'Disease') :: ['Flavivirus infection']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue epidemic', 'dengue type 2', 'Dengue type 2', 'fatal dengue', 'simple dengue fever', 'dengue type 1', 'Dengue fever infection']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: @entity232 causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and is an important public health problem. Even though it is endemic in developing countries in tropical regions of the world,in recent years economic globalization and increased travel has extended its reach to @entity1 in developed countries. Leishmania is usually spread by the bite of the female sandfly. In addition, na  ve populations can be exposed to @entity281 through transfusion of blood and blood products from infected asymptomatic individuals. There are several clinical forms of @entity232 caused by different species of the parasite. In some cases, the only possible cure for this disease is drug treatment. However, prolonged use of such drugs has led to parasite drug resistance. At present there are no effective vaccines against Leishmania. Many vaccine strategies have been pursued, including the use of whole cell lysate, killed, avirulent or irradiated parasites. Additionally, DNA vaccines and purified or recombinant parasite antigens have also been tested. Most of these strategies have shown some degree of effectiveness in animal models but little or no protection in @entity1 . There is now a general consensus among Leishmania vaccine researchers that parasite persistence may be important for effective protective response and could be achieved by live attenuated parasite immunization. In this article we reviewed the efforts in developing genetically defined live attenuated Leishmania parasites as vaccine candidates with the goal of achieving a low level of parasite persistence without being virulent in the host and inducing protective immunity.

title: Genetically modified live attenuated parasites as vaccines for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmania infection']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound @entity532 following resection of a localized soft tissue @entity242 have been associated with lower extremity location, large @entity5 volume, and use of preoperative radiation. Some of these wounds, however, show the potential for healing with local wound care and nonsurgical techniques. We are unaware of any published data establishing factors associated with nonhealing wounds that ultimately are treated with local or free vascularized tissue transfer. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to determine the variables associated with development of a significant wound complication defined as one that underwent a secondary procedure using local or free tissue transfer after resection of a localized soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: Using our institution's @entity5 center database, we identified 140 @entity1 who underwent resection of a localized extremity soft tissue @entity242 at our institution between 1997 and 2010. Thirty-two @entity1 were excluded who underwent immediate planned vascularized tissue transfer, along with 26 @entity1 who did not receive radiation, and an additional three @entity1 were excluded who were followed for less than 1 month. This left 79 @entity1 , including 18 treated with postoperative external beam radiotherapy and 61 with preoperative external beam radiotherapy. Of @entity1 receiving radiation treatment before surgery, 13 received no additional radiation treatment, 33 underwent intraoperative radiation with electrons (IOERT) to sites considered at high risk for local recurrence, and an additional 15 had perioperative brachytherapy. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed using frequency of local or free tissue transfer at 3 weeks or greater postoperatively owing to wound-related @entity532 as a dependent variable. RESULTS: Lower extremity location and vascular involvement were associated with use of delayed vascularized tissue coverage for wound-healing problems. @entity1 in this series who underwent preoperative external beam radiotherapy coupled with dose-escalated IOERT or chemotherapy had a similar rate of flap use compared with @entity1 treated with postoperative radiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 of the lower extremity involving major @entity531 and for whom radiation therapy is planned should be counseled specifically because they appear to be at increased risk for use of delayed local or free vascularized tissue transfer for a nonhealing wound following resection of a localized extremity soft tissue @entity242 .

title: Risk factors for significant wound @entity532 following wide resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['extremity soft tissue sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gut @entity63 induced by occlusion of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) results in release of @entity880 into the gut lumen. We studied the threshold of @entity6029 flow reduction that leads to increased gut luminal @entity880 during stepwise reduction in @entity6029 blood flow. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled animal experiment in a university experimental research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthetized, normoventilated, normovolemic @entity12526 were randomized to @entity63 ( n=7) and sham groups ( n=7). @entity6029 blood flow was reduced stepwise at 15-min intervals by 22%, 44%, 66%, and 88% and kept constant thereafter for 60 min. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Jejunal luminal microdialysate @entity880 and mucosal p @entity515 were measured every 15 min. The luminal @entity880 increased over the upper normal limit of 0.2 mmol/l at a median @entity6029 blood flow of 9.6 ml kg(-1) min(-1) (range 7.5-23.7). In five of seven animals the increase in luminal @entity880 was preceded by or accompanied by an increase in the mucosal-arterial pCO(2) gradient. CONCLUSIONS: There is a threshold of @entity6029 blood flow below which gut luminal @entity880 increases, indicating mucosal anaerobic metabolism. Measurement of gut luminal @entity880 by microdialysis can be used to assess the adequacy of gut perfusion and the onset of anaerobic metabolism.

title: Gut luminal XXXX release during gradual intestinal @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Smoking is an important risk factor for the development and progression of @entity2316 . The mechanisms by which smoking increases @entity633 and promotes @entity8 are unknown. Considering the acute pressor effect of smoking and the close association between blood pressure elevation and development of @entity2316 , blood pressure increase might be implicated in the association between smoking and @entity2316 . However, among nondiabetics, smokers have repeatedly been found to have lower blood pressure than nonsmokers. This is possibly mediated by an autonomic adjustment to sustained sympathetic stimulation by @entity1239 . Impaired modulation of the sympathovagal activity has been described in @entity6 . In @entity6 @entity1 , the effect of smoking on blood pressure and autonomic function remains unclarified. We examined 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (oscillometric technique) and autonomic function (short-term power spectral analysis as well as conventional tests) in 24 smokers and 24 nonsmokers matched for sex, age, and @entity6 duration. All @entity1 were @entity1723 @entity1 . Smoking status was assessed by questionnaire with confirmatory determinations of urinary @entity4874 . @entity6 smokers had significantly higher 24-h mean arterial blood pressure (94+/-6.7 mm Hg compared to @entity6 90+/-5.8 mm Hg, P = .04) including higher diastolic nighttime blood pressure (68+/-7.3 mm Hg v 64+/-5.2 mm Hg, P = .03). Smokers also had significantly higher 24-h heart rate (80+/-7.2 compared to 72+/-9.2 beats/min, P < .001). In addition, smoking was associated with significantly reduced short-term RR interval variability (supine low frequency component) (5.45+/-1.29 ln ms2 in smokers compared to 6.31+/-1.11 ln ms2 in nonsmokers, P < .02), as well as reduced brake index (33.5+/-14.5 in smokers v 42.1+/-16.0 in nonsmokers, P < .05). @entity6 smokers have significantly higher 24-h blood pressure compared to @entity6 . This finding, contrasting the effect of smoking among nondiabetics, is possibly mediated by coexisting abnormal postural responses in autonomic cardiac regulation in @entity6 smokers. Blood pressure elevation, persisting throughout 24 h, might be operative in the association between smoking and development of @entity2316 .

title: Effects of smoking on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and autonomic function in @entity1723 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetic nonsmokers', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare screening recall rates and @entity5 detection rates of tomosynthesis plus conventional digital mammography to those of conventional digital mammography alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 presenting for screening mammography between October 1, 2011, and September 30, 2012, at four clinical sites were reviewed in this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, for which the institutional review board granted approval and waived the requirement for informed consent. @entity1 at sites with digital tomosynthesis were offered screening with digital mammography plus tomosynthesis. @entity1 at sites without tomosynthesis underwent conventional digital mammography. Recall rates were calculated and stratified according to breast density and @entity1 age. @entity5 detection rates were calculated and stratified according to the presence of a risk factor for @entity0 . The Fisher exact test was used to compare the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of screening method, breast density, @entity1 age, and @entity5 risk on the odds of recall from screening. RESULTS: A total of 13 158 @entity1 presented for screening mammography; 6100 received tomosynthesis. The overall recall rate was 8.4% for @entity1 in the tomosynthesis group and 12.0% for those in the conventional mammography group (P < .01). The addition of tomosynthesis reduced recall rates for all breast density and @entity1 age groups, with significant differences (P < .05) found for scattered fibroglandular, heterogeneously dense, and extremely dense breasts and for @entity1 younger than 40 years, those aged 40-49 years, those aged 50-59 years, and those aged 60-69 years. These findings persisted when multivariate logistic regression was used to control for differences in age, breast density, and elevated risk of @entity0 . The @entity5 detection rate was 5.7 per 1000 in @entity1 receiving tomosynthesis versus 5.2 per 1000 in @entity1 receiving conventional mammography alone (P = .70). CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing tomosynthesis plus digital mammography had significantly lower screening recall rates. The greatest reductions were for those younger than 50 years and those with dense breasts. A nonsignificant 9.5% increase in @entity5 detection was observed in the tomosynthesis group.

title: Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A pre- versus postintervention with concurrent control group design was used to investigate the effect of a workplace-based early intervention program on perception of disability in nurses with @entity13400 . OBJECTIVES: This report examines changes over time in the components of the Oswestry Low Back @entity158 and Disability Questionnaire in two groups of back-injured nurses-those who received the early intervention program (study) and those who were not offered the program (control). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Early intervention programs can decrease morbidity, time lost from work, and compensation costs. Although perception of disability decreases, some @entity717 remains, the nature of which is not clear. METHODS: The Oswestry Low Back @entity158 and Disability Questionnaire scores of 40 study nurses and 118 control nurses at time of injury and at 6 months after injury were examined. Analysis of variance was used to compare changes in mean overall scores over time. The proportion of nurses reporting disability on individual components of the Oswestry Low Back @entity158 and Disability Questionnaire at each time period was compared with the results of a chi-square test. RESULTS: Overall Oswestry Low Back @entity158 and Disability Questionnaire scores were similar between study and control nurses at time of injury, but were significantly lower in study nurses at 6 months after injury. However, scores of individual Oswestry Low Back @entity158 and Disability Questionnaire components that related to job demands increased over time; this was most apparent in lifting, particularly in study nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall perception of disability decreased 6 months after injury, particularly in study nurses, disability in job-related activities persisted. @entity717 after @entity13400 should be addressed in workplace-based prevention programs.

title: Components of @entity717 after XXXX in nurses.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['residual disability', 'Residual disability']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['back injury', 'low back injury']

answer: @entity13400 :: (MESH:D019567,Disease) :: ['back injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to identify occupations at increased risk of developing @entity2615 in @entity1 aged 50 yr or less, and to relate these occupations to lung tissue concentration of asbestos fibres by type. In this age group it was thought that most, but not all, work-related exposures would have been since 1970, when the importation of @entity17110 , but not amosite, was virtually eliminated. METHODS: Eligible cases were sought from recent reports by chest physicians to the SWORD occupational disease surveillance scheme. Work histories were obtained for 115 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , usually with the help of the chest physicians or coroners. Jobs were coded by the Office of National Statistics, so that the observed years spent in each occupation could be compared with expected values from census data, 1960-90. Lung tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 69 male and four female cases, and mineral fibres identified, sized and counted by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Of 37 industrial occupations analysed, odds ratios were significantly raised in eight: five in the construction industry and the others in shipbuilding, the manufacture of cement products and the manufacture of non-metallic mineral products (including asbestos). The concentrations in lung of crocidolite and amosite fibres, which together could account for 80-90% of cases, did not differ between occupational categories; those for amosite were appreciably higher than for crocidolite. Tremolite fibres were rarely found. CONCLUSION: Mesothelioma in this young age group is dominated by carpenters, plumbers, electricians and insulators in the construction industry, and is mainly attributable to amphibole exposure. Work in shipbuilding and manufacture of mineral products was less important than in earlier studies. Contrary to expectation, however, some 90% of cases were in @entity1 who had started work before 1970.

title: Case-referent survey of young adults with XXXX : II. Occupational analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: The precursors for oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the vertebrate CNS, appear to be initially restricted to ventral regions of the embryonic @entity35 spinal cord. These cells subsequently populate dorsal spinal cord regions where they acquire the mature characteristics of oligodendrocytes. To determine the location and timing of proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursors in the ventral spinal cord, and to map their pathways of migration in vivo, an assay that identifies mitotic cells was used in conjunction with antibodies that distinguish astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and their precursors. Between E16.5 and E18.5, two hours after a maternal injection of @entity1603 , the majority of proliferating cells were located in a discrete cluster at the ventral ventricular zone dorsal to the ventral midline region of the developing spinal cord. By contrast, 12-24 hours following a @entity1603 injection at E16.5, increasing numbers of labeled cells were seen in the dorsal and more lateral locations of the spinal cord. These observations suggest that @entity1603 -labeled ventral ventricular cells, or their progeny migrate dorsally and laterally during subsequent spinal cord development. To determine the nature of these proliferating cells, cultures of dorsal and ventral spinal cord from @entity1603 -labeled animals were double-labeled with antibodies that identify oligodendrocytes or astrocytes and anti- @entity1603 . In dorsal spinal cord cultures derived from animals that had received a single injection of @entity1603 at E16.5, the majority of proliferating cells differentiated into astrocytes while, in ventrally derived cultures from the same animals, the majority of proliferating cells differentiated into oligodendrocytes. In dorsal cultures prepared from animals that received multiple injections of @entity1603 between E16.5 and E18.5, many more cells were labeled with @entity1603 and approximately half of these differentiated into oligodendrocytes. These observations suggest that during embryonic development proliferating oligodendrocyte precursors are initially located at the ventral ventricular zone dorsal to the ventral midline region of the spinal cord and during subsequent maturation these cells or their progeny migrated dorsally in the ventricular region of the spinal cord, and laterally to reside in the developing white matter.

title: Oligodendrocyte precursors originate at the ventral ventricular zone dorsal to the ventral midline region in the embryonic XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This report describes the observations of two @entity1 with a several years' history of @entity15 who presented @entity16 . The symptomatology was suggestive of a non-convulsive @entity302 . The clinical presentation was a paroxysmal @entity4943 phenomenon in the first case without any @entity1662 , associated with slight right @entity1269 . Electroencephalographic investigations revealed asymmetrical patterns, left-sided slow waves and periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Antiepileptic treatments were partially effective and intravenous @entity230 were needed for complete recovery. For the second @entity1 , clinical presentation was acute @entity146 symptoms with disorientation, alternating @entity162 symptomatology and @entity2798 . Electroencephalography showed left fronto-central rhythmic continuous slow wave and spike wave activity. Intravenous antiepileptic treatment quickly improved the symptomatology. These observations draw attention to the fact that an @entity302 cause should not be ruled out when a @entity1 with @entity15 presents @entity16 . An early diagnosis allows immediate antiepileptic treatment. Intravenous @entity230 can be added to stop @entity410 .

title: [Partial non-convulsive XXXX in @entity15 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sudden neurologic impairment', 'sudden neurologic or psychiatric impairment']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'partial status epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasic']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness impairment']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['status epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a systemic @entity792 with a variety of extra-articular manifestations. The lung is a common target and @entity401 can appear as any of the patterns found with @entity16058 . Controversy exists as to the prognostic significance of these patterns among @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 48 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity309 confirmed by surgical lung biopsy. The pathology was reviewed by four expert pulmonary pathologists. We examined survival after stratifying on the presence or absence of @entity3130 , and contrasted it with a matched @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) population. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. RESULTS: The majority of subjects were male smokers with physiologic restriction. A @entity2416 ( @entity2416 )-pattern was identified in 31% of subjects. Median survival time for the entire cohort was 1360 days. Subjects with @entity3130 had worse survival than subjects with non- @entity3130 (log rank p  =  0.02). There was no difference in survival between @entity2416 -pattern @entity309 subjects and @entity2416 controls (log rank p  =  0.94). Multivariable analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.04, p  =  0.01) and @entity82 (HR  =  2.1, p  =  0.02) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Both cellular and fibrosing @entity3130 patterns are common among @entity309 @entity1 who undergo surgical lung biopsy. These @entity1 have a shortened survival when compared to the general population and all-comers with @entity309 . Age and the presence of a fibrosing @entity401 predict shortened survival in these @entity1 . Survival in @entity2416 is similar to matched @entity2416 @entity1 .

title: Fibrosing @entity401 predicts survival in @entity1 with @entity309 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3130 :: ('MESH:C562470', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic ILD', 'ILD']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse parenchymal lung disease', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA-ILD']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA-ILD']


abstract: @entity1760 and @entity460 , as well as @entity1372 and @entity972 , have an important influence on the physiology of contraction of the uterus. The ionic concentrations in the pre- and postmenopausal myometrium were examined. We assumed, that there are differences in the electrolytic contents because of the different functions of the corpus, isthmic part and cervix uteri during pregnancy and throughout labour. Small tissue samples from 37 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal @entity1 , who underwent an operation with different indications, were dissected after hysterectomy. @entity1760 and @entity460 levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and @entity972 and @entity1372 by emission spectrometry in the wet tissue. In both groups, we found significant differences of the electrolytic contents of the myometrium. In the premenopausal uteri, the @entity1760 levels decrease significantly (p < 0.001) from the corpus (mean = 4.14 mmol/kg) to the cervix (mean = 2.14 mmol/kg). The same scenario can be observed for the @entity972 levels (Corpus mean = 56.2 mmol/kg and cervix mean = 25.4 mmol/kg). In contrary, the @entity460 levels (Corpus mean = 1.60 mmol/kg and cervix mean = 2.26 mmol/kg) and @entity1372 levels (Corpus mean = 69.3 mmol/kg and cervix mean = 93.0 mmol/kg) increase significantly (p < 0.001). In the postmenopausal group, we found slightly elevated concentrations of @entity1760 , @entity1372 and @entity972 . Only the @entity460 content of the corpus uteri rises up to three times about 20 years after the menopause (from mean = 1.60 mmol/kg) (p < 0.001). The electrolytic contents in the myometrium were shown to be different in the corpus, isthmus and cervix uteri.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The XXXX and @entity460 content of pre- and postmenopausal myometrium].

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a very rare, aggressive, and progressive @entity5 for which no standard medicinal treatment or chemotherapy exists. We report interim safety and efficacy results from a phase 2 study of denosumab in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: We did an international, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 trial of @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity5 and radiographically measurable active disease. Eligible @entity1 were adults or skeletally mature adolescents with radiographic evidence of at least one mature long bone who were at least 12 years old and weighed at least 45 kg. We divided @entity1 into three cohorts--those with surgically unsalvageable @entity5 (cohort 1), those with salvageable @entity5 whose surgery was associated with severe morbidity (cohort 2), and those who transferred from a previous study of denosumab for @entity5 (cohort 3). @entity1 in cohorts 1 and 2 received 120 mg of subcutaneous denosumab every 4 weeks with loading doses on days 8 and 15 of the first cycle; those in cohort 3 continued the regimen from the previous study. Investigator-determined disease status and clinical benefit were assessed every 4 weeks. Our primary endpoint was the safety profile of denosumab in terms of adverse events and @entity854 . Prespecified secondary endpoints were time to disease progression in cohort 1 and the proportion of @entity1 without any surgery at 6 months in cohort 2. Safety analyses included all @entity1 who received at least one dose of denosumab. Efficacy analyses included all eligible @entity1 who received at least one dose of denosumab. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00680992. FINDINGS: 282 @entity1 , including ten adolescents, were included between @entity29410 , 2008, and March 25, 2011. Of the 281 @entity1 analysable for safety, three (1%) had @entity89 (5%) hypocalcaemia. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypophosphataemia, which occurred in nine (3%) @entity1 , and @entity417 , @entity615 , and @entity158 in extremities, each of which occurred in three @entity1 (1%). Serious adverse events were reported in 25 (9%) @entity1 . No treatment-related @entity204 were reported. On the basis of investigators' assessment of disease status, 163 of 169 (96%) analysable @entity1 in cohort 1 had no disease progression after median follow-up of 13 months (IQR 5  8-21  0). In cohort 2, 74 of 100 (74%) analysable @entity1 had no surgery and 16 of 26 (62%) @entity1 who had surgery underwent a less morbid procedure than planned. Median follow-up in cohort 2 was 9  2 months (IQR 4  2-12  9). INTERPRETATION: Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of denosumab. Denosumab was associated with @entity5 responses and reduced the need for morbid surgery in @entity1 with @entity5 . Denosumab represents a new treatment option for @entity1 with @entity5 . FUNDING: Amgen.

title: Safety and efficacy of denosumab for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with XXXX : interim analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Giant cell tumour of bone', 'GCTB', 'osteolytic tumour']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis of the jaw and 15']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumour of bone']


abstract: 1. Interleukin (IL)-1 is a mediator of host defence responses to @entity32 and injury, including @entity221 , but its sites of synthesis and action have not been fully elucidated. The actions of IL-1 are antagonised by @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ). The present study tested the hypothesis that IL-1 and @entity19646 are produced locally at sites of @entity32 in @entity35 , and that endogenous @entity19646 acts to limit the @entity221 resulting from the @entity32 . 2. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 microg kg-1) into a subcutaneous air pouch (I.PO.) of @entity35 induced a significant increase in body temperature. Virtually all (approximately 85 %) of the injected LPS was recovered from the pouch between 1 and 8 h (when the experiment was terminated) after injection of LPS, but LPS was undetectable (< 50 pg ml-1) in plasma at any time. Concentrations of immunoreactive @entity8885 and @entity3426 were increased significantly in the pouch at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h after injection of LPS, corresponding with the rise in body temperature and the @entity221 peak. The appearance of @entity19646 was delayed until 2 h. Thereafter, the concentrations of @entity3426 and @entity19646 increased in parallel with the development of @entity221 , while the concentrations of @entity8885 remained constant. @entity19646 , but not @entity8885 or IL-1bet, was detected in significant quantities in the plasma of LPS-injected animals. 3. Treatment of @entity35 with an anti- @entity19646 serum (2 ml, I.PO.) at the time of injection of LPS (10 or 100 microg kg-1, I.PO.) abolished the appearance of @entity19646 in the circulation. Although neutralisation of endogenous @entity19646 did not affect the maximum body temperature reached after injection of submaximum (10 microg kg-1, I.PO.) or maximum (100 microg kg-1, I.PO.) doses of LPS, the duration of the @entity221 was significantly prolonged, and was associated with a 3- to 4-fold increase in immunoreactive @entity3426 concentrations in the pouch fluid, but not in the plasma, at the 8 h time point. 4. These data show that effects of local (I.PO.) injection of LPS are not due to its action in the circulation or at distant sites (such as at the blood-brain barrier). These data also show that locally produced @entity19646 , in response to injection (I.PO.) of LPS, inhibits the production and/or action of locally produced @entity3426 . The ability of @entity19646 to limit the duration, rather than the magnitude of the @entity221 , is consistent with its delayed production, relative to IL- @entity19646 , therefore, appears to play a key role in the resolution of @entity221 induced by localised inflammatory responses.

title: Role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in regulating @entity221 induced by localised @entity32 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'peripheral inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This notice is to inform the public that an estimated  1.65 million will be available to support up to 11 supplemental awards to 10 existing Predictor Variables Study Sites and one existing Research Coordinating Center in FY 1999. The purpose of the award is to support enhancement of current programs and allow the collection and analyses of additional follow-up data for @entity1 currently included in these studies. @entity20834 will make the awards based on the recommendations of the initial review group and the @entity20834 National Advisory Council. Supplemental awards will be made in Fiscal Year 1999, by September 30, 1999. The studies funded under this supplement are projected to end September 30, 2000. Eligibility is limited to existing SAMHSA/ @entity20834 's Predictor Variables by Developmental Stage study sites, and their Research Coordinating Center. All currently active Predictor Variables grantees are eligible to apply for supplemental funds under this GFA. Given the short implementation time frame and limited funds available for this activity, as well as existing research protocols that limit the scope of new activities that could be introduced at this point in the study, the existing Predictor Variables projects are the only projects that can effectively implement the required booster sessions and follow-up data collection activities. These studies have already demonstrated that they can make a positive impact on @entity1 within selected developmental parameters. It is important to document that this impact on these same @entity1 can be maintained as they enter the next developmental stages. The Research Coordinating Center has put considerable effort into developing cross-site rapport and collecting process data from the individual sites; an effort that would be redundant and not cost-effective if attempted by another entity at this point in the project. Additionally, it is important to the continuity of the study that the Research Coordinating Center be able to continue its current analyses and be able to conduct secondary analyses based on the totality of the data submitted throughout the life of the study.

title: Supplemental grant to continue cooperative agreements with 10 predictor variables grantees and their research coordinating center. XXXX , SAMHSA, HHS. Supplement to support an additional year of intervention follow-up and data collection among the Predictor Variables by Developmental Stage grantees and their Research Coordinating Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity20834 :: (126731,Gene) :: ['CSAP']


abstract: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) is a late-onset @entity74 mainly characterized by @entity1736 and @entity1282 . We conducted a phase I/IIa clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00773227) using autologous myoblast transplantation following myotomy in adult @entity3986 @entity1 . This study included 12 @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity3986 , indication for cricopharyngeal myotomy, and confirmed genetic diagnosis. The feasibility and safety end points of both autologous myoblast transplantation and the surgical procedure were assessed by videoendoscopy in addition to physical examinations. Potential therapeutic benefit was also assessed through videoendoscopy and videofluoroscopy of swallowing, quality of life score, @entity1282 grade, and a drink test. @entity1 were injected with a median of 178 million myoblasts following myotomy. Short and long-term (2 years) safety and tolerability were observed in all the @entity1 , with no adverse effects. There was an improvement in the quality of life score for all 12 @entity1 , and no functional degradation in swallowing was observed for 10 @entity1 . A cell dose-dependant improvement in swallowing was even observed in this study. This trial supports the hypothesis that a local injection of autologous myoblasts in the pharyngeal muscles is a safe and efficient procedure for @entity3986 @entity1 .

title: Autologous myoblast transplantation for XXXX : a phase I/IIa clinical study.

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['OPMD', 'Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']


abstract: A serious complication in @entity447 care is the development of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors). The authors used V gene phage display technology to define human anti- @entity2801 antibodies at the molecular level. The IgG4-specific, variable, heavy-chain gene repertoire of a @entity1 with acquired @entity447 was combined with a nonimmune, variable, light-chain gene repertoire for display as single-chain variable domain antibody fragments ( @entity10390 ) on filamentous phage. @entity10390 were selected by 4 rounds of panning on immobilized @entity2801 light chain. Sequence analysis revealed that isolated @entity10390 were characterized by V(H) domains encoded by germline genes DP-10, DP-14, and DP-88, all belonging to the V(H)1 gene family. All clones displayed extensive hypermutation and were characterized by unusually long @entity2612 sequences of 20 to 23 @entity1522 . Immunoprecipitation revealed that all @entity10390 examined bound to the C2 domain of @entity2801 . Furthermore, isolated @entity10390 competed with an inhibitory murine monoclonal antibody for binding to the C2 domain. Even though @entity10390 bound @entity2801 with high affinity, they did not inhibit @entity2801 activity. Interestingly, the addition of @entity10390 diminished the inhibitory potential of patient-derived antibodies with C2 domain specificity. These results suggest that the epitope of a significant portion of anti-C2 domain antibodies overlaps with that of the @entity10390 isolated in this study. (Blood. 2000;95:558-563)

title: Human antibodies with specificity for the C2 domain of XXXX are derived from VH1 germline genes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity2801 :: (2157,Gene) :: ['factor VIII']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity130 are a serious threat to individuals with altered consciousness during @entity302 . The objective of this study detailing 33 individuals who sustained scalds or @entity130 during an @entity302 , was to clarify typical @entity130 , extent, therapy and sequelae of these injuries and thus identify potential preventive measures to protect this special population from thermal @entity130 . RESULTS: Overall, 16 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 with a mean age of 39.6 (range: 21 - 76) years were included in this retrospective review. The burned body area averaged 16 % (maximum: 51 %), 30 of the 33 @entity1 (91 %) required burn wound excision and skin grafting. The mean ABSI score was 5.5 (range: 3 to 11) points. Thermal @entity130 mostly occurred as hot water scalds (n = 19) during showering or bathing in a tub (n = 15), followed by falls during cooking or into open fire. None of our @entity1 was informed about the risk of experiencing severe @entity130 during @entity302 . The length of intensive care averaged 33 days (maximum: 79 days), all @entity1 survived. The estimated treatment costs were at least 50,000 @entity7634 per @entity1 . DISCUSSION: In conclusion, @entity302 can cause severe and deep thermal @entity130 . Our data shows that most of these injuries happen at home and may be easily prevented by simple safety devices, such as water thermo-regulators or the avoidance of high-risk situations, it seems advisable to inform @entity1 with @entity302 and their families and care-givers of this specific danger.

title: [Thermal @entity130 sustained during XXXX --analysis of 33 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injuries', 'burn injuries', 'injury mechanisms', 'Burn injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: Both @entity851 factor I ( @entity2135 ) synergize with @entity172 to induce normal mammary gland development. However, the nature of this synergy has not been explored. To gain insight into the mechanism of these interactions we have examined the effects of these substances on the @entity172 receptor (ER). ER levels in the mammary gland cytosols from hypophysectomized and oophorectomized @entity35 , were measured using two assay systems: a dextran-coated charcoal procedure to measure binding to radiolabeled @entity134 , and an immunologic assay employing a specific antibody to the receptor. In both assays, levels of ER were at or near baseline detection (approximately 1-2 ng/mg protein). Treating animals with either @entity291 or @entity1 GH significantly increased ER activity (P<0.001), whereas prolactin (PRL) and/or @entity53 treatment had no effect. That this increase was at the level of transcription was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction. Following a single injection of GH (50 microgram), a substantial increase in ER mRNA was observed by 10 h, with levels returning to baseline within 24 h; a concomitant increase in ER itself was also observed at the 10 h time point. The effect of GH appeared to occur mainly in the mammary stroma, because there were no differences in GH stimulation of ER between gland-free and gland containing mammary fat pads. Furthermore, analysis of mammary gland ER by immunocytochemistry demonstrated that while ER was present in the epithelial cells of non-treated animals, only GH treated animals had ER clearly visible in both glandular and fat cells of the tissue. In contrast, treating animals with des(1-3)- @entity2135 did not result in reproducible increases in ER, nor in the staining of fat cell nuclei for ER. These data demonstrate a specific GH effect on the ER in the mammary fat cell.

title: The effect of GH on @entity172 receptor expression in the XXXX mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['GH and insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the diagnostic usefulness of 201Tl scintigraphy for detecting asymptomatic @entity453 in apparently healthy @entity1 . We thus evaluated planar 201Tl exercise @entity296 in 845 asymptomatic male military aircrew undergoing coronary arteriography because of abnormal noninvasive tests suggesting possible @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were stratified by prior disease risk into six subgroups using age (< 45 and > or = 45 years) and ratio of total to high density lipoprotein @entity165 (< 4.5, 4.5-6.0, and > 6.0). Significant @entity453 (> or = 50% diameter stenosis in any major coronary artery) was present in 143 (16.9% prevalence). Overall sensitivity and specificity of 201Tl scintigraphy adjusted for verification bias were estimated to be 45 +/- 4% and 78 +/- 1%, respectively. These values are lower than corresponding values accepted for clinical populations. Positive and negative predictive values varied across subgroups. A normal @entity4214 scan indicated low risk of disease, but an abnormal test was likely to be a false-positive result. A logistic equation was retrospectively fit to the data for estimating the probability of disease given age, @entity165 ratio, and thallium results. Within each quintile of estimated risk, the average risk did not differ significantly from the observed disease prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise 201Tl scintigraphy is limited by the frequent occurrence of false-positive tests in detecting asymptomatic, anatomic @entity453 in young @entity1 in accordance with Bayesian probability theory.

title: Accuracy of exercise 201Tl XXXX in asymptomatic young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']