abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound healing after @entity726 filtering surgery is often complicated by exaggerated scarring of the subconjunctival Tenon's layer. Therefore, antiproliferatives are commonly employed. The immunosuppressive drug @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) is used to prevent graft rejection after kidney or liver transplantation. The effect is mediated by inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity2098 on @entity1 Tenon fibroblast proliferation in cell culture. METHODS: @entity1 Tenon fibroblasts (HTF) were cultivated with 10% fetal calf serum. Cells were incubated with @entity2098 concentrations of 0.1 microM to 3000 microM for up to 20 days. In a second set of experiments HTF were incubated for 10 min only in @entity2098 solutions. Cell counts were performed to evaluate the proliferation rate. The proliferation was also assessed by Ki67 staining. Morphological changes were documented by vimentin staining. RESULTS: Growth inhibition of HTF by @entity2098 was concentration dependent. IC(50) was 0.85+/-0.05 microM for 6 days of incubation. Brief exposure to @entity2098 leads to a reversible @entity851 for up to 14 days with concentrations of 1000 microM or higher. Ki67 staining confirmed the concentration dependent proliferation rate. CONCLUSION: @entity2098 has a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect on HTF without any detected @entity137 in the applied concentration range. Brief incubation also leads to a @entity851 ; therefore, intraoperative @entity2098 application might prevent exaggerated scarring after @entity726 filtering surgery.

title: Antiproliferative effect of @entity618 on cultured XXXX Tenon fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous @entity619 for preventing @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN: Double blind trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: December 2001 to June 2002 at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 100 admitted female @entity1 of ASA-1-II scheduled for diagnostic gynecological laparoscopic surgery were included in this study. @entity1 with severe @entity4903 who had predisposing factors for delayed @entity356 , such as @entity6 , chronic @entity2679 or @entity4094 were excluded. In addition @entity1 who suffered from @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) or had received an antiemetic agent or narcotic medications within last 24 hours were also excluded. @entity1 were divided into two equal groups, @entity1 in one group were given @entity619 while saline was injected to @entity1 in the second group. @entity390 and @entity391 were assessed immediately after operation, at 1 hour interval for 4 hours in the recovery and from 4-10 hours in the Ward. Result was compared in two groups by chi-square test. RESULTS: During @entity1 s stay in the Postanaesthesia Care Unit (4 hours postoperatively) 26% @entity1 in the @entity619 group in comparison with 54% of @entity1 in the saline group reported @entity1209 (P < 0.01). Sixteen percent of @entity1 in the @entity619 group, in comparison with 28% of @entity1 in the saline group needed rescue antiemtic (P 0.05), @entity1209 (P < 0.01). During the postoperative observation period of 10 hours, 42% of the @entity1 in the @entity619 group in comparison with 82% of @entity1 in the saline group reported @entity1209 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity619 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Furthermore, it is freely available, is less costly and has few side-effects. So, it should be more frequently used as prophylactic antiemetic in @entity1 undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.

title: XXXX as antiemetic during gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or endocrine disease']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea vomiting', 'PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: AIM: To compare the impact of @entity1140 (FK) and @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) on acute rejection and graft survival and to assess the predominant causes of graft loss between @entity1 receiving these two calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). METHODS: Retrospective review of 1835 @entity1 who received a kidney transplant (KTX) between 1999-2012. @entity1 were grouped based on initial CNI utilized: 1195 in FK group, 640 in @entity9472 group. Data on baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and causes of graft loss in both groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Cumulative acute rejection rates were 14% in the FK vs 24% in the @entity9472 group. Despite more marginal donor characteristics in the FK group, these @entity1 had better graft survival rates compared to the @entity9472 group. Three and five year graft survival rates were 88% and 84% respectively in the FK group compared to 79% and 70% respectively in the @entity9472 group (P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, which controlled for confounders, FK use was a strong predictor for lower acute rejection rates [odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.79] and better renal allograft survival (OR 0.740, 95%CI: 0.58-0.94). Death with a functioning graft was the most common cause of graft loss in both groups. Common causes of @entity204 included @entity65 , @entity281 , and @entity5 . @entity740 was also found to be an important cause of graft loss, being more prevalent in the @entity9472 group. CONCLUSION: The use of FK-based maintenance immunosuppression therapy is associated with a significantly lower rate of acute rejection and better graft survival compared to @entity9472 -based regimen. Individualizing immunosuppression through risk-stratified CNI choice may lead to improved outcomes across all spectra of KTX @entity1 .

title: XXXX confers lower acute rejection rates and better renal allograft survival compared to @entity205 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: The short arm of chromosome 1p is the most frequently altered chromosome segment in @entity521 . The alterations, mainly deletions, are thought to be indicative of the presence of a @entity5 suppressor gene. To further refine the chromosome localization of this gene, we have studied paired constitutional and @entity5 DNA from a series of 60 @entity1 with @entity521 at 2 minisatellite and 23 microsatellite loci dispersed along the short arm of chromosome 1. Twenty-two cases (37%) demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or more loci on 1p. Surprisingly, the pattern of LOH enabled the identification of two distinct consensus regions of deletions. In agreement with previous reports, one region mapped to the distal short arm of chromosome 1. The other region was localized more proximally on 1p. Deletions observed in @entity5 involve either one or both of these regions. We show that the correlation between @entity4180 amplification and 1p deletion is limited to the deletions which involve the proximal region either alone or together with the distal region. These results suggest that two @entity5 suppressor genes on 1p might be involved in the development of @entity521 . Finally, we show that somatic mutations at microsatellite loci, frequently observed in other types of @entity5 , are rare events in @entity521 .

title: Two distinct deleted regions on the short arm of chromosome 1 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity1 with left unilateral @entity1057 following right @entity66 usually err rightward when bisecting a horizontal line. For very short lines (e.g. 25 mm), however, @entity2246 or seemingly 'right' neglect is often observed. To explain this paradox of crossover in the direction of errors, rather complicated models have been introduced as to the distribution of attention. Neglect may be hypothesized to occur in representational process of a line or estimation of the midpoint on the formed image, or both. We devised a line image task using a computer display with a touch panel and approached the representational image of a line to be bisected. Three @entity1 with typical left neglect were presented with a line and forced to see its whole extent with cueing to the left endpoint. After disappearance of the line, they pointed to the right endpoint, the left endpoint, or the subjective midpoint according to their representational image. The line image between the reproduced right and left endpoints was appropriately formed for the 200 mm lines. However, the images for the shorter 25 and 100 mm lines were longer than the physical lengths with overextension to the left side. These results proved the context effect that short lines may be perceived longer when they are presented in combination with longer lines. One of our @entity1 had an extensive lesion that involved the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, and the other two had a lesion restricted to the posterior right hemisphere. The image for a fully perceived line may be represented far enough into left space even when left neglect occurs after a lesion that involves the right parietal lobe. The @entity1 with neglect placed the subjective midpoint rightward from the centre of the stimulus line for the 100 and 200 mm lines and leftward for the 25 mm lines. This crossover of bisection errors disappeared when the displacement of the subjective midpoint was measured from the centre of the representational line image. Left neglect may occur consistently in estimation of the subjective midpoint on the representational image, which may be explained by a simple rightward bias of attentional distribution.

title: Image of a line is not shrunk but neglected. Absence of crossover in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['leftward errors']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['spatial neglect']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hemisphere lesions']

answer: @entity1057 :: (MESH:D058069,Disease) :: ['spatial neglect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of cytoreductive surgery in @entity1 with stage @entity43 . METHODS: From Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1997, 71 @entity1 with stage @entity43 who were surgically treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method with differences in survival estimated by Log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified by the COX's stepwise regression model. RESULTS: Thirty (42.3%) of 71 @entity1 were successfully debulked (< or = 1 cm) at the time of initial surgery. The estimated 5-year total survival rate was 6.1%. There was a significant difference in survival between @entity1 optimally (13.7%) vs. suboptimally (0.0%) cytoreduced, with an estimated medium survival of 23 months in optimal group vs. 9 months in suboptimal group (P < 0.001). When the variables were factorized, optimal cytoreduction could get the greatest benefit. Only in @entity1 with @entity3483 or positive supraclavicular lymph node. Multivariate analysis revealed that size of residual disease and @entity843 were independent factors for both overall and progression-free survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Optimal cytoreductive surgery is an important determinant of survival in @entity1 with stage @entity43 , especially in those with @entity3483 or positive supraclavicular lymph node pathology.

title: [Cytoreductive surgery in the management of stage XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['IV epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['IV epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic idiopathic @entity110 is considered an @entity566 -like @entity272 , and in some cases an auto-reactivity caused by mast cell degranulating factors has been demonstrated. A positive reaction to the autologous serum skin test (ASST), reflecting the presence of factors capable to degranulate the mast cells, is regarded as a reliable in vivo diagnostic test in chronic @entity110 @entity1 . About one out of three @entity1 complaining for @entity2490 or @entity565 does not show sensitization to any allergenic source. No data are available on the application of ASST to respiratory @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of respiratory @entity1 , aged 1 to 80 years, complaining about suspected respiratory symptoms was screened using a panel of inhalant allergens by means of SPT and IgE. Current and past information on skin and respiratory symptoms were recorded for each @entity1 . @entity1 were divided in ' @entity566 ' and ' @entity566 -like' whether or not they react to at least one allergenic source. Age and gender distribution were analyzed. A control group fulfilling criteria for @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) was selected as well. The ASST was applied to the control @entity14687 group, to the @entity566 -like and @entity566 subsets, and to a group of 58 healthy adult subjects. RESULTS: @entity566 and @entity566 -like @entity1 were differently distributed in relation to age and gender. @entity566 -like @entity1 were prevalent before age six, whereas the prevalence of @entity56 steadily increased with age representing the large majority of @entity1 in late childhood. The ratio of @entity566 / @entity566 -like subjects continues to increase in adult males, whereas adult females represent the large majority of the adult @entity1 mainly within the @entity566 -like subset. Fifty-eight percent of @entity14687 control @entity1 reacted to the ASST. Among @entity566 -like @entity1 ASST was positive in 47% of the adults (male 26%, female 54%), and in 84% of the @entity1 (no gender differences). The percentage of reactive subjects increased in the adult @entity566 -like subset if a @entity14687 was associated (65%). Eighty-six percent of the pediatric @entity1 and 61% of the adults having an @entity566 respiratory disease associated with an @entity566 -like condition had a positive ASST reactivity. Pure @entity566 @entity1 reacted in 73% and 40% of the cases in the @entity1 and adults subgroups, respectively. Forty-five percent of healthy controls reacted to the ASST as well, and statistically significant gender differences were still recorded. CONCLUSIONS: An ASST reactivity is reported for the first time in @entity566 -like respiratory @entity1 . A higher prevalence of reactive subjects has been recorded in all the pediatric subsets without gender differences, whereas female reactivity is prevalent among adults. The ASST reactivity seems to parallel the @entity1 distribution within the entire respiratory cohort. Further studies are needed to demonstrate that the serum factors causing the ASST reactivity in respiratory @entity1 are the same as for @entity14687 affected subjects. In the light of recent in vitro findings, the ASST reactivity of healthy subjects could lead to a new interpretation of the autologous serum reactivity.

title: @entity566 -like @entity565 and XXXX . A cross-sectional survey of a respiratory cohort and a diagnostic approach using the autologous serum skin test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergics']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of @entity741 who were found to be free of significant coronary @entity731 (n = 150) underwent coronary vasodilator reserve testing, 2-dimensional echocardiography, and @entity4341 limited-stress thallium testing. After exclusions (predominantly for technically poor coronary artery Doppler signals or suboptimal echocardiography), 100 @entity1 formed the study population. The purpose was to characterize typical cardiac and coronary artery findings in @entity101 @entity1 with severe left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 (n = 15) and to investigate the evidence for @entity741 unrelated to @entity453 in early and advanced @entity101 . Normotensive and @entity101 control groups without @entity4346 (n = 12 and 34, respectively) were used for comparison. Severe @entity4346 was defined as LV mass index greater than or equal to 50% above established gender specific norms using 2-dimensional-directed M-mode echocardiography and the cube equation corrected to agree with necropsy estimates of mass. Clinical characteristics more often associated with severe @entity4346 were black race (67%), @entity6 (33%), @entity644 (47%) and elevated @entity1011 (1.5 +/- 0.9 mg/dl). Baseline electrocardiograms and @entity4341 limited-stress thallium scans were highly likely to be abnormal (94 and 73%, respectively). Both eccentric and concentric cardiac @entity1184 were found in the severe group. Ejection fraction was significantly lower (0.51 vs 0.68, p = 0.002) and basal coronary flow velocity higher (12.0 vs 5.0 cm/s, p = 0.0004) among these @entity1 when compared with normotensive control @entity1 . Coronary flow reserve did not differ between control groups but was significantly depressed in @entity1 with severe @entity4346 (2.5 vs 3.9, p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphologic, hemodynamic and coronary perfusion characteristics in severe @entity4346 secondary to systemic @entity101 and evidence for nonatherosclerotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophies', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['artery atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prospective study to evaluate efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ). Tolerability of the KD was also considered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Criteria for inclusion were: 1. @entity302 refractary to treatments with antiepileptic drugs (AED) in monotherapy and combining two or three AED. 2. Acknowledgment of blood levels of these drugs in therapeutic range. 3. Absence of @entity8 , @entity209 , @entity2246 or other progressive @entity75 . 4. Family supposedly in economic and psychologic conditions to accept the difficulties of strictly maintaining KD. We used a classic KD following the criteria suggested by the John Hopkins Pediatrics @entity302 . Baseline neurological and physical examination, EEG, blood chemistry including lipid profile were obtained prior to initiative and during the KD. KD efficacy was measured as percent reduction of baseline @entity410 frequency, considering positive results as reductions of 50% or over. Acceptance of the diet and quality of life were specially considered. Eighteen @entity1 with ages from 2 to 11 years were admitted. Ten of them were males. Diagnosis followed the last Classification of @entity302 Syndromes of the ILAE, and distribution was: Symptomatic @entity302 , 8 cases (one had @entity739 at age 5 months); cryptogenic @entity302 , 1 case; @entity5761 , 2 cases; severe @entity3148 of @entity950 , 6 cases and @entity302 with @entity410 1 case. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were not able to achieve persistent @entity1270 either due to @entity1 's rejection of KD or to parents non compliance. KD was kept for at least two months before considering failures. Five @entity1 did not show significant improvement and KD was stopped. At present nine @entity1 have been on KD from 6 to 24 months (average 16 months). Four of them showed a 75-100% reduction in @entity410 frequency and in three the reduction was of 50-75%. CONCLUSIONS: KD was fairly well tolerated by 14 of 18 @entity1 and their families. Fifty percent of the 14 @entity1 complying KD showed significant improvement in @entity410 frequency and in quality of life. Due to the small number of @entity1 and short follow-up, we can not speculate about results in relation to each @entity302 , neither the risk of late complications.

title: [Ketogenic diet: efficacy and tolerability in childhood intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver or kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'myoclonic astatic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsies', 'Epilepsy Center', 'Epilepsy', 'epileptic syndrome', 'IE', 'Epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to impact on management of @entity1 with recurrent @entity14 is high. However, direct impact of FDG-PET on surgical management of @entity1 with potentially resectable hepatic metastases is limited. METHODS: FDG-PET scans of @entity1 with @entity14 at Austin Hospital in a 2-year period were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected on @entity1 demographics, scan indication and sites of disease pre- and post-PET. Results of standard imaging tests and FDG-PET scans were analysed. The potential impact of FDG-PET on proposed surgical management plans was assessed by an experienced surgeon. RESULTS: There were 585 FDG-PET scans performed on 470 @entity1 (309M : 161F, mean age 61.9 years) with @entity14 . Hepatic metastases were identified on standard imaging in 232 (39.7%) @entity1 , and FDG-PET confirmed hepatic metastasis in 203 cases, including 22 cases with new lesions, and clarified presence of disease in 34/37 (92%) cases with equivocal standard imaging. In 54 @entity1 , FDG-PET was performed for disease assessment before hepatic resection. FDG-PET had substantial management plan impact in 36/54 (66.7%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET can profoundly impact on the management plan of @entity1 with @entity14 who may be suitable for hepatic metastectomy.

title: Impact of      F-FDG-PET in decision making for liver metastectomy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in retinal microvascular caliber, which occur prior to onset of @entity989 , may indicate presence of @entity8 . METHODS: This study examined the association between retinal arteriolar [central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE)] and venular caliber [central retinal venule equivalent (CRVE)] and presence of @entity633 (micro- or macroalbuminuria) among @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA), a cohort of adults aged 45-84 years without baseline clinical @entity65 . During the second MESA exam, digital fundus photography was completed in 5897 @entity1 who provided spot urine specimens. @entity633 was defined by spot urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratios >=  30 mg/g. Multivariable adjusted odds of @entity633 by quintiles of CRAE and CRVE were determined using logistic regression. Analyses were repeated after stratifying by presence of type 2 @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity633 was noted in 11.5% (n = 675) and included 584 subjects with microalbuminuria and 91 with macroalbuminuria. A significant U-shaped pattern was seen with higher prevalence of @entity633 across quintile extremes in CRAE (15.7, 8.8 and 10.6% in CRAE Quintiles 1, 3 and 5, respectively; P <0.0001). After adjustment for covariates, both narrower CRAE [odds ratios (OR) 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.04, Quintile 1 versus 3) and wider CRAE (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.07-1.93, Quintile 5 versus 3) were significantly associated with @entity633 . Associations appeared substantially stronger in adults with than without type 2 @entity6 but the interaction term for @entity6 and CRAE on presence of @entity633 did not meet statistical significance (P = 0.3). No association was noted between CRVE quintiles and @entity633 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity633 is associated with narrower and wider arteriolar caliber. Future studies should determine whether variation in arteriolar caliber predicts incident @entity633 and whether associations are mediated by @entity101 and @entity6 . Such information could further clarify early microvascular processes in the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Retinal arteriolar caliber and urine albumin excretion: the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: 15 @entity1 with solid-pseudopapillary @entity5 of the pancreas (SPTP) were investigated. There were no specific clinical signs of the disease revealed; the major common clinical sign was the upper @entity490 . Of the diagnostic methods the ultrasound together with endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used. Specific diagnostic feature of SPTP is the heterogenous structure and even contours and capsule. Any changes of pancreatic duct are untypical. All 15 @entity1 were operated on. The intraoperative urgent histological analyze together with postoperative immunohystochemical investigation were performed in all cases. 11 @entity1 developed the postoperative @entity788 . The long-term follow up results were obtained in 15 @entity1 . The disease progression was registered in one case.

title: [The intermediate and long-term treatment results of solid-pseudopapillary XXXX of pancreas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficiency of intravitreal @entity619 implant in @entity1 with chronic @entity1103 nonresponsive to three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 administered previously. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (16 eyes) were included in this 4-month prospective clinical trial. Main observed outcomes were the changes between initial and monthly visits in best-corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and intraocular pressure (IOP). @entity1 included had central foveal thickness of >225  m (measured by optical coherence tomography) and were nonresponsive to previously administered 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of 1.25-mg bevacizumab. Administration of intravitreal @entity619 implant was performed at baseline, and @entity1 were followed-up monthly. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes from baseline were observed in best-corrected visual acuity (at 2 months), central foveal thickness (at 1, 2, and 3 months), and IOP (at Months 1, 2, and 3) as follows: mean best-corrected visual acuity significantly increased from 0.29 Snellen lines at baseline to 0.39 lines after 2 months (P = 0.0381). At Months 1, 2, and 3, the mean central foveal thickness significantly decreased, from 462  m at baseline, to 366  m (P = 0.0343), 346  m (P = 0.0288), and 355  m (P = 0.0370), respectively. When compared with baseline IOP of 15.38 mmHg (12-19 mmHg), IOP increased significantly at Months 1, 2, and 3: 18.93 mmHg (range, 16-24 mmHg; P = 0.0003), 19.5 mmHg (range, 16-27 mmHg; P = 0.0003), and 17.5 mmHg (range, 15-21 mmHg; P = 0.0048), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity619 intravitreal implant may present an alternative option in the treatment of chronic @entity1103 nonresponsive to three consecutive monthly bevacizumab injections administered previously. However, IOP measures were only slightly increased. It seems that the effect of @entity619 may last till 4 months after initial injection.

title: Treatment of anti- @entity7 -resistant XXXX with @entity619 intravitreal implant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity344 is the most common type of extranodal @entity706 . The proportion and different types of primary extranodal @entity1893 are different in various geographic locations. Therefore, in this study we tried to evaluate the various types of extranodal @entity1893 in affiliated hospitals of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences as the largest referral center in the southern Iran. DESIGN: During 5 years (2005 - 2010), the pathology archives and clinical charts of all @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity1893 in the affiliated hospitals of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were evaluated. All demographic and pathologic findings were recorded. RESULTS: During these 5 years, there were 110 cases with the diagnosis of primary @entity344 . The most common location was stomach followed by small intestine and colon. The most common type was diffuse large B cell type. There were only two cases of immunoproliferative small @entity706 . CONCLUSION: The pattern of @entity344 in Iran is very similar to the Western countries. Compared with 40 years ago, it seems that the epidemiology of this @entity706 has changed.

title: Primary extranodal XXXX : a single center experience from southern Iran - report of changing epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal lymphoma', 'gastrointestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'intestinal lymphoma', "non-Hogkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: @entity16853 (FG) is a widely used neuroanatomical tracer. However, because FG-labeled neurons become undetectable over time, its use has been limited in long-term studies. We investigated whether the detection of FG in retrogradely labeled neurons in long-term studies can be improved by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antibody to FG. We performed intraperitoneal injections of a FG solution to retrogradely label all parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PPNs) and motoneurons (MNs) in the S1 spinal cord segment in adult @entity35 . At 1, 6, and 12 weeks after the tracer injection, sections were immunohistochemically processed for FG and @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ), an endogenous marker for all PPNs and MNs. Stereological counts demonstrated no cell loss of FG-labeled PPNs and MNs at 6 and 12 weeks. Cell size measurements showed that FG-immunolabeled neurons were smaller at 12 weeks, but not at 6 weeks. However, it is likely that there was no @entity528 , but loss/degradation of the dye at a timepoint between 6 and 12 weeks, as @entity4268 -immunolabeled neurons showed no cell size reduction at 12 weeks. Our results suggest that the use of an antibody against FG improves the detection of FG for reliable neuronal counts and that the dye is not toxic to the retrogradely labeled neurons. We conclude that FG-labeling is a useful tool to determine neuronal counts in long-term studies, but should be used cautiously for neuronal size measurements.

title: Improved detection of XXXX -labeled neurons in long-term studies.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity16853 :: ('MESH:C049774', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorogold']

answer: @entity16853 :: (MESH:C049774,Chemical) :: ['fluorogold']


abstract: CONTEXT: Assessment of tissue microcirculation is one of the important aspects of pathological evaluation in acute @entity788 . Severe @entity63 change sometimes leads to the development of @entity881 and/or infectious complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the angiographic features of acute @entity788 and correlate them with the severity of the disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 : Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity788 who had undergone angiography were retrospectively investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vascular findings and Ranson score. RESULTS: Ischemic changes were found in 18 @entity1 (66.7%); 11 (40.7%) were severe changes. @entity2849 , @entity548 , and staining were seen in 4 (14.8%), 2 (7.4%) and 5 (18.5%) @entity1 , respectively. The rate of severe @entity63 changes was significantly correlated with the Ranson score (P=0.012). Conclusions Angiographic findings are useful for the evaluation of severe acute @entity788 .

title: Angiographic features in acute XXXX : the severity of abdominal vessel @entity63 change reflects the severity of acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: One specific limitation to the clinical development of @entity5 therapeutics is the lack of well-validated pharmacodynamic markers. Such tools might conceivably provide a framework within which to better evaluate the selection of specific molecules as therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the practical application of this hypothesis in clinical development remains elusive. In this study, we present a minimally invasive pharmacodynamic assay for monitoring therapy-mediated changes in the activity of target signaling pathways by using fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples and quantitative ELISA methods. To this end, we used the HuCCT-1 @entity201 cell line treated with @entity4562 ( @entity4562 , @entity4562 ), a selective blocker of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), and @entity22130 , a selective inhibitor of the mitogen extracellular regulated kinase [mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1/2]. HuCCT-1 cells were resistant to @entity4562 and @entity22130 alone but susceptible to the combination of these drugs in vitro and in vivo. This effect was associated with a greater inhibition of @entity1366 activation, a downstream mediator in the @entity470 -mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase pathway. Using this model, we sought to assess whether FNA-obtained @entity5 biopsies could be used to measure signaling pathway activation. Cellular extracts prepared from FNA samples yielded adequately cellular, high-quality samples to assess therapy-mediated changes in @entity470 and @entity1366 phosphorylation by Western blotting and quantitative ELISA assays. Treatment with @entity4562 alone effectively inhibited @entity470 activation but failed to block @entity1366 phosphorylation and @entity5 growth. Blocking was achieved by the addition of @entity22130 to the treatment regimen. These results show that the combination of serial FNA sampling with highly sensitive quantitative ELISA assays permits assessment of therapy-mediated changes in signaling pathways, which correlate well with antitumor effects. This assay is simple to implement and broadly applicable to diverse @entity5 types in clinical studies with @entity5 @entity1 and may be useful in the development of targeted anticancer agents.

title: Assessment of @entity4562 - and XXXX -mediated changes in @entity470 signaling in HuCCT-1 @entity1 @entity201 by serial fine needle aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'targeted cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity22130 :: (MESH:C120227,Chemical) :: ['CI-1040']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the task-specific training with trunk restraint compared with the free one in poststroke reaching movements. The design was randomized trial. The setting was University of Campinas (Unicamp). Twenty hemiparetic @entity64 @entity1 were selected and randomized into 2 training groups: trunk restraint group (TRG) (reaching training with trunk restraint) and trunk free group (TFG) (unrestraint reaching). Twenty sessions with 45 minutes of training were accomplished. The @entity1 were evaluated in pretreatment (PRE), posttreatment (POST) and 3 months after the completed training ( @entity8958 ) (follow-up). Main outcome measures were modified Ashworth scale, Barthel index, Fugl-Meyer scale, and kinematic analysis (movement trajectory, velocity, angles). A significant improvement, which maintained in the @entity8958 test, was found in the motor (P<0.001) and functional (P=0.001) clinical assessments for both groups. For trunk displacement, only TFG obtained a reduction statistical significance from PRE to the POST test (P=0.002), supporting this result in the @entity8958 test. Despite both groups presenting a significant increase in the shoulder horizontal adduction (P=0.003), only TRG showed a significant improvement in the shoulder (P=0.001--PRE to POST and @entity8958 ) and elbow (P=0.038--PRE to @entity8958 ) flexion extension, and in the velocity rate (P=0.03--PRE to @entity8958 ). The trunk restraint therapy showed to be a long-term effective treatment in the enhancement of shoulder and elbow active joint range and velocity rate but not in the maintenance of trunk retention. Trial registration: NCT02364141.

title: Trunk restraint therapy: the continuous use of the harness could promote feedback dependence in poststroke XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Chronic administration of corticosteroids results in a suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) @entity2270 . The time course of the recovery of the @entity1636 depends on the dose and duration of corticosteroid administration. We investigated the recovery of the @entity1636 after 14 days of @entity617 administration to @entity35 at a dose of 2.0 mg/ @entity35 /day via the drinking water (188 mumol/l). The in vitro @entity2819 production by dispersed adrenal cells in response to increasing concentrations of ACTH had recovered 3 days after stopping @entity617 administration. In parallel the initially suppressed plasma @entity2819 concentrations had recovered after 3 days, while the pituitary ACTH content had recovered after 5 days. We investigated the possibility to enhance the speed of the recovery of the @entity1636 by the simultaneous administration of two drugs with known @entity3318 -stimulating activity via the drinking water. @entity5834 in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight enhanced the recovery of the @entity617 -suppressed @entity1636 significantly. One day after the end of @entity617 administration a significant increase in the adrenal weight, in the @entity2819 production by dispersed adrenal cells, as well as in the plasma @entity2819 concentrations, and in the pituitary ACTH content was observed in the @entity5834 -treated @entity35 . @entity8991 (20 mg/kg body weight), on the other hand, did not influence the @entity617 -mediated suppression of the @entity1636 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5834 enhances the speed of the recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical @entity2270 after chronic @entity617 administration in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorimipramine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Predicting heterosis and F1 performance from the parental generation could largely enhance the efficiency of breeding hybrid or synthetic cultivars. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits or molecular markers with heterosis, F1 performance and @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) in @entity35727 ( @entity35727 ). Nine inbred lines representing seven different geographic regions of Ethiopia were crossed in half-diallel. The nine parents along with their 36 F1s were evaluated in a replicated field trail at three locations in Ethiopia. Distances among the parents were calculated from 14 phenotypic traits (Euclidean distance, @entity2613 ) and 182 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (Jaccard's distances, JD), and correlated with heterosis, F1 performance and @entity6191 sum of parents (GCAsum). The correlation between phenotypic and molecular distances was low (r=0.34, P< or =0.05). Parents with low molecular distance also had low phenotypic distance, but parents with high molecular distance had either high, intermediate or low phenotypic distance. Phenotypic distance was highly significantly correlated with mid-parent heterosis (r=0.53), F1 performance (r=0.61) and @entity6191 (r=0.79) for seed yield. Phenotypic distance was also positively correlated with (1) heterosis, F1 performance and @entity6191 for plant height and seeds plant(-1), (2) heterosis for number of pods plant(-1), and (3) F1 performance for 1,000 seed weight. Molecular distance was correlated with GCAsum (r=0.36, P< or =0.05) but not significantly with heterosis and F1 performance for seed yield. For each parent a mean distance was calculated by averaging the distances to the eight other parents. Likewise, mean heterosis was estimated by averaging the heterosis obtained when each parent is crossed with the other eight. For seed yield, both mean @entity2613 and JD were significantly correlated with @entity6191 (r=0.90, P< or =0.01 for @entity2613 and r=0.68, P< or =0.05 for JD) and mean heterosis (r=0.79, P< or =0.05 for @entity2613 and r=0.77, P< or =0.05 for JD). In conclusion, parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits better predicted heterosis, F1 performance and @entity6191 than distances estimated from RAPD markers.

title: Comparison of phenotypic and molecular distances to predict heterosis and F1 performance in @entity35727 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity35727 :: ('52824', 'Species') :: ['Brassica carinata', 'Ethiopian mustard']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['GCA', 'general combining ability']

answer: @entity35727 :: (52824,Species) :: ['Brassica carinata A. Braun']


abstract: An adhesin of @entity42625 FW213, a primary colonizer of the tooth surface, has been purified from the culture medium by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified protein has a molecular mass of 200 kDa and stains positively for @entity1735 . The @entity1472 -terminal sequence indicated that this protein represented a unique streptococcal surface protein. Immunogold labelling of the bacterium indicated that this protein was associated with fimbriae and designated Fap1 (fimbriae-associated protein). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product based on the @entity1472 terminus of Fap1 was used to probe an FW213 genomic library. A 9 kb fragment containing the fap1 gene was isolated and 2.5 kb have been sequenced. Generation of fap1 mutants by a single cross-over (Campbell insertion) or a non-polar allelic exchange abolished the expression of Fap1. The inactivation of fap1 resulted in a dramatic reduction in the expression of the long peritrichous fimbriae and adhesion to saliva-coated @entity692 (SHA). Northern blots probed with an internal gene fragment of fap1 hybridized to a 9 kb transcript, which suggests that fap1 is transcribed as a polycistronic message. These data demonstrate that Fap1 is a unique streptococcal adhesin that is involved in the assembly of @entity42625 FW213 fimbriae and adhesion to SHA.

title: Isolation and characterization of Fap1, a fimbriae-associated adhesin of XXXX FW213.

entities_list: @entity42625 :: ('1318', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus parasanguis', 'S. parasanguis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

answer: @entity42625 :: (1318,Species) :: ['Streptococcus parasanguis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimation of the quantity of colostral IgG or serum IgG absorbed following ingestion of colostrum by @entity291 is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of colostrum feeding practices on dairy farms. Milk total solids concentrations determination is a critical part of quality assessment of nonsaleable whole milk prior to feeding to @entity291 . To date, on-farm methods to assess colostral IgG, serum IgG or milk total solids concentrations have been performed separately with various instruments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a single electronic, hand-held refractometer for assessing colostral and serum IgG concentrations and milk total solids in dairy cattle. Colostral IgG, serum IgG and milk total solids concentrations were determined by the refractometer. Corresponding analysis of colostral and serum IgG concentrations were determined by @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) while milk total solids were determined by spectrophotometry. Sensitivity and specificity of the refractometer for colostrum and serum samples were calculated as determined by @entity4542 . Sensitivity and specificity of the refractometer for milk samples was calculated as determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the refractometer was 1 for colostral IgG, serum IgG and milk total solids determinations. Specificity of the refractometer was 0.66, 0.24 and 0 for colostral IgG, serum IgG and milk total solids determinations, respectively. The refractometer underestimated colostral IgG, serum IgG and milk total solids concentrations compared to the concentrations determined by @entity4542 or spectrophotometry. CONCLUSIONS: The refractometer was an acceptable, rapid, convenient on-farm method for determining colostral IgG and milk total solids. The refractometer was not an acceptable method for determination of serum IgG concentrations as it severely underestimated the serum IgG concentrations.

title: Refractometer assessment of colostral and serum IgG and milk total solids concentrations in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial immunodiffusion', 'RID']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic uterine artery ligation on symptomatic @entity1870 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Tertiary care major teaching hospital. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1870 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic ligation of bilateral uterine arteries with hemoclips and electrocoagulation of bilateral uterine ovarian vessels. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 underwent sonographic measurement of uterine size, and recorded amount of menstruation and @entity1834 preoperatively and postoperatively. Six months postoperatively, mean uterine size had decreased by an amount ranging from 0.4% to 74.0%. Two of nine @entity1 achieved remission of the mass effect of an enlarged uterus. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 achieved bleeding control and 5 returned to eumenorrhea or @entity1866 . Twelve of 16 @entity1 achieved control of @entity1834 and 6 were analgesic free. However, nine @entity1 experienced @entity158 after surgery, three of whom underwent hysterectomy later. Treatment was rated as satisfactory by 15% of @entity1 , but 45% were dissatisfied. Seventeen @entity1 would have refused to undergo the procedure if they could make the decision again. CONCLUSION: Poor satisfaction in this preliminary study suggests that symptomatic @entity1870 may not be effectively treated by laparoscopic uterine artery ligation.

title: Laparoscopic uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['hypomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonmenstrual pain']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ammonia-induced @entity2383 and energy crisis is known as a critical consequence of @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Hence, mitochondria are potential targets of therapy in @entity99 . The current investigation was designed to evaluate the role of @entity2226 treatment on the brain and liver mitochondrial function in a @entity35 model of @entity99 and @entity3263 . The animals received @entity7008 (400mg/kg, i.p, for three consecutive days at 24-h intervals) as a model of @entity879 and @entity3263 . Several biochemical parameters were investigated in the serum, while the animals' cognitive function and locomotor activity were monitored. Mitochondria was isolated from the @entity35 ' brain and liver and several indices were assessed in isolated mitochondria. @entity1578 led to @entity73 and @entity146 in the @entity35 . Plasma and brain @entity3265 was high and serum markers of @entity99 were drastically elevated in the @entity7008 -treated group. An assessment of brain and liver mitochondrial function in the @entity7008 -treated animals revealed an inhibition of @entity4588 dehydrogenase activity (SDA), collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial swelling, and increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Furthermore, a significant decrease in mitochondrial @entity855 was detected in the brain and liver mitochondria isolated from @entity7008 -treated animals. @entity2226 treatment (250, 500, and 1000mg/kg) decreased mitochondrial swelling, ROS, and @entity43323 . Moreover, the administration of this @entity3689 restored brain and liver mitochondrial @entity855 . These data suggest @entity2226 to be a potential protective agent with therapeutic capability against @entity99 and @entity3263 -induced @entity2383 and energy crisis.

title: @entity2226 treatment preserves brain and liver mitochondrial function in a @entity35 model of @entity879 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2226 :: ('MESH:D013654', 'Chemical') :: ['taurine', 'Taurine']

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'liver injury', 'HE']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3263 :: (MESH:D022124,Disease) :: ['hyperammonemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Formation of polyploid or aneuploid cells is a pathological hallmark of @entity5 . Cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms play a crucial role in ensuring genomic integrity during mitosis, avoiding the generation of aneuploid cells. Additionally, @entity5 cell DNA ploidy is subjected to extrinsic controls operated by activation of adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells. NK cells exert a central role in the innate anticancer immunity; however, the mechanisms involved in the recognition of @entity5 cells by NK cells have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we report that drug-induced @entity5700 in @entity5 cells activates antitumor responses mediated by NK cells. Thus, hyperploidy-inducing chemotherapeutic agents strongly upregulate the @entity5 expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptors @entity3223 and @entity9349 . Drug-induced hyperploidy modulated the repertoire of activating receptors and the cytokine profile of NK cells, rendering @entity5 cells more susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis through the activation of @entity3223 and @entity9349 receptors. In addition, hyperploidization stimulated the production of @entity1199 by CD4 T cells, which induced NK cell proliferation and activity. The stimulation of @entity1531 , a key @entity3223 ligand, in hyperploid cells was mainly mediated by @entity14050 protein kinase. Likewise, pharmacological inhibition of key regulators of endoplasmic reticulum stress in certain cell models supports a role for this pathway in @entity3223 ligand upregulation. Overall, our findings indicate that, besides the cytotoxic effect on @entity5 cells, the therapeutic activity of anti-mitotic drugs may be mediated by the induction of a coordinated antitumor immune response involving NK and T cells.

title: Drug-induced hyperploidy stimulates an antitumor NK cell response mediated by @entity3223 and XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity9349 :: (10666,Gene) :: ['DNAM-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) is considered "appropriate" to distinguish @entity63 vs nonischemic etiology in @entity1 with @entity296 under the current clinical practice guideline, the evidence to support this has not been evaluated in larger scale studies. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of available studies published by October 2010 to address this question. METHODS: Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CTA versus invasive coronary angiography (as the gold standard) for significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ) detection ( @entity296 ) in @entity1 with no known history of @entity453 with significantly depressed left ventricular function (ejection fraction; EF  <  35%) were selected for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios were calculated on per @entity1 and per segment basis using random effects model (DerSimonian-Laird Method) for computing summary estimates and receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis for evaluating overall diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: Six studies comprising 452 @entity1 met the selection criteria for the meta-analysis. The pooled @entity1 population was 62      3  years old, with 29% females, 16% diabetics, and 43% with a history of @entity101 . Mean EF was 32%      1%. The pooled summary estimate of sensitivity of CTA for diagnosis of @entity296 was 98% [95% confidence interval (CI); 94% to 99%] and specificity was 97% (CI 94% to 98%), yielding a negative likelihood ratio of 0.06 (CI 0.02 to 0.13) and positive likelihood ratio of 20.85 (CI 12 to 36). There was no significant heterogeneity between studies for these estimates. The receiver operator curve analysis showed a robust discriminate diagnostic accuracy of @entity63 etiology with an area under curve of 0.99 (P  <  .00001). CONCLUSION: CTA appears as a clinically applicable accurate diagnostic modality to exclude @entity63 etiology in @entity1 with @entity296 of undetermined cause and this further supports the appropriateness of the use of CTA to determine the cause of new onset @entity296 of unknown etiology.

title: Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography for differentiating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal studies have demonstrated that @entity4461 occurring after @entity1167 affect outcome. We investigated hemostatic changes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The prospective study included 23 @entity1 (29 to 86 years) who underwent out-of-hospital CPR for nontraumatic causes. Blood samples were drawn immediately and 15 and 30 minutes after initiation of CPR. In the case of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC; n = 7), additional blood samples were taken immediately, 30 minutes, and 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ROSC. A marked activation of @entity1003 was found in all @entity1 . The specific markers of activated @entity1003 and fibrin formation, @entity10647 (TAT; median during CPR, 260 micrograms/L; median after ROSC, 57 micrograms/L; normal range, 1.0 to 4.1 micrograms/L), and fibrin monomers (FM; median during CPR, 34.3 micrograms/mL; median after ROSC, 65.4 micrograms/mL; normal range, 0 to 3.6 micrograms/mL) were markedly increased during and in the early phase after CPR. When @entity1 survived for 48 hours, TAT and FM values returned to the normal range. In most @entity1 , the plasma levels of D-dimer, an indicator of endogenous fibrinolytic activity, were not markedly increased during CPR (median, < 0.25 microgram/mL; normal range, < 0.25 microgram/mL) but increased moderately after ROSC (median, 0.56 microgram/mL). Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (normal range, 0.3 to 3.5 U/mL), a marker for endogenous inhibition of fibrinolytic activity, were moderately increased in most @entity1 (median during CPR, 4.22 U/mL; median after ROSC, 8.08 U/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly demonstrate that there is a marked activation of @entity1003 and fibrin formation after prolonged @entity1167 and CPR in @entity1 that is not balanced adequately by concomitant activation of endogenous fibrinolysis. These changes may contribute to reperfusion disorders, such as the cerebral "no-reflow" phenomenon, by inducing fibrin deposition and formation of microthrombi.

title: Activation of XXXX after @entity1167 is not balanced adequately by activation of endogenous fibrinolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['thrombin-antithrombin complex']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have recently demonstrated that @entity1110 oxidase hyperactivity, NF-kB activation and increased @entity12220 phosphorylation lead to @entity194 of glycolytic muscle in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an efficient strategy to counteract skeletal @entity2057 in this syndrome. Therefore, we tested whether AET would regulate muscle redox balance and protein degradation by decreasing @entity1110 oxidase hyperactivity, reestablishing NF-kB signaling, @entity12220 phosphorylation and proteasome activity in plantaris muscle of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity35 . Thirty-two male @entity35 underwent @entity583 or fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were randomly assigned into untrained (UNT) and trained (T; 8 wk of AET on treadmill) groups. AET prevented @entity712 signals and skeletal @entity2057 in @entity583 , which showed an improved exercise tolerance, @entity299 and increased plantaris fiber cross sectional area. To verify the role of @entity32 and redox imbalance in triggering protein degradation, circulating @entity1505 levels, @entity1110 oxidase profile, NF-kB signaling, @entity12220 protein levels and proteasome activity were assessed. @entity583 showed a reduced @entity1505 levels, @entity1110 oxidase activity and @entity8562 mRNA expression toward SHAM-UNT levels. The rescue of @entity1110 oxidase activity induced by AET in @entity583 @entity35 was paralleled by reducing nuclear binding activity of the NF-kB, @entity12220 phosphorylation, @entity18467 mRNA levels and 26S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. Taken together our data provide evidence for AET improving plantaris redox homeostasis in @entity712 associated with a decreased @entity1110 oxidase, redox-sensitive proteins activation and @entity2915 further preventing @entity194 . These data reinforce the role of AET as an efficient therapy for @entity2057 in @entity712 .

title: Exercise training decreases XXXX oxidase activity and restores skeletal muscle mass in @entity712 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['proteasome hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial infarcted-induced HF', 'MI-T']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy', 'muscle wasting']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: Among @entity1 with @entity7288 after cesarean section, a double-blind comparison of @entity3402 - @entity801 versus @entity5503 -placebo therapy was performed. Study criteria were: exclusion--use of prophylactic antibiotics or @entity566 to the drugs used; entry--uterine tenderness, oral temperature greater than or equal to 101 degrees F, and @entity491 . Uterine specimens for culture were obtained via a single-lumen transcervical catheter. Most common isolates were Bacteroides bivius, @entity526 , and anaerobic cocci. @entity2259 occurred in 9.0%. Therapy results were: [Chart: see text]. Therapeutic failures were defined as persistent @entity221 despite 3 or more days of treatment. Among the six @entity3402 - @entity801 therapeutic failures, one @entity1 had a resistant organism, and one had a pelvic mass. Among the 13 @entity5503 -placebo therapeutic failures, three @entity1 had resistant organisms, and one had a pelvic mass. Cause of persistent @entity221 was not evident in the other @entity1 . Side effects that necessitated discontinuation of therapy were: @entity3402 - @entity801 group-- @entity294 (six), @entity56 response (one); @entity5503 -placebo group-- @entity294 (two), @entity56 response (one). If the common practice of excluding side-effect failures is followed, there were more cures in the @entity3402 - @entity801 group (P = 0.06).

title: A double-blind, randomized comparison of @entity3402 - XXXX versus @entity5503 for treatment of post-cesarean section @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endomyometritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the integrated Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) guideline in identifying @entity1 requiring bacteriological screening for @entity378 ( @entity378 ), and to determine which clinical features best predict suspected and bacteriologically-confirmed @entity378 among @entity1 with respiratory symptoms. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study in which 1392 adult @entity1 with cough and/or difficult @entity1353 , attending a primary care facility in Cape Town, South Africa, were evaluated by a nurse using the guideline. The accuracy of a nurse using the guideline to identify @entity378 suspects was compared to that of primary care physicians' diagnoses of (1) suspected @entity378 , and (2) proven @entity378 supported by clinical information and chest radiographs. RESULTS: The nurse using the guideline identified 516 @entity1 as @entity378 suspects compared with 365 by the primary care physicians, representing a sensitivity of 76% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71%-79%), specificity of 77% (95% CI 74%-79%), positive predictive value of 53% (95% CI 49%-58%), negative predictive value of 90% (95% CI 88%-92%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ARUC) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.79). Sputum results were obtained in 320 of the 365 primary care physicians @entity378 suspects (88%); 40 (13%) of these were positive for @entity378 . Only 4 cases were not identified by the nurse using the guideline. The primary care physicians diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing bacteriologically-confirmed @entity378 (n = 320) was as follows: sensitivity 90% (95% CI 76%-97%), specificity 65% (95% CI 63%-68%), negative predictive value 7% (95% CI 5%-10%), positive predictive value 99.5% (95% CI 98.8%-99.8%), and ARUC 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.82). Weight loss, @entity158 , and night sweats were independently associated with the diagnosis of bacteriologically-confirmed @entity378 (positive likelihood ratio if all three present = 16.7, 95% CI 5.9-29.4). CONCLUSION: The PALSA guideline is an effective screening tool for identifying @entity1 requiring bacteriological screening for @entity1907 in this primary care setting. This supports the randomized trial finding that use of the guideline increased @entity378 case detection.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of an integrated respiratory guideline in identifying XXXX with respiratory symptoms requiring screening for @entity1907 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity308 frequently co-occurs with paediatric @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), yet the clinical correlates and impact of @entity308 on @entity21557 outcomes remain unclear. The prevalence and clinical correlates of @entity308 were examined in a paediatric specialist @entity3119 -clinic sample (N   =   295; Mean   =   15 [7 - 18] years, 42  % female), using both dimensional (Beck @entity308 Inventory-youth; n   =   261) and diagnostic (Development and Wellbeing Assessment; n   =   127) measures of @entity308 . The impact of @entity308 and suspected disorders on post-treatment @entity3119 severity was examined in a sub-sample who received @entity21557 , with or without SSRI medication (N   =   100). Fifty-one per-cent of @entity1 reported moderately or extremely elevated @entity308 and 26  % (95  % CI: 18 - 34) met criteria for a suspected @entity308 . @entity308 and @entity308 were associated with worse @entity3119 symptom severity and global functioning prior to @entity21557 . Individuals with @entity308 were more likely to be female, have had a @entity146 inpatient admission and less likely to be attending school (ps   <   0.01). @entity3119 and @entity308 symptom severity significantly decreased after @entity21557 . @entity308 and @entity308 predicted worse post-treatment @entity3119 severity (bs   =   0.19 and 0.26, ps   <   0.05) but became non-significant when controlling for pre-treatment @entity3119 severity (bs   =   0.05 and 0.13, ns). @entity308 is common in paediatric @entity3119 and is associated with more severe @entity3119 and poorer functioning. However, @entity308 severity decreases over the course of @entity21557 for @entity3119 and is not independently associated with worse outcomes, supporting the recommendation for treatment as usual in the presence of @entity308 .

title: Paediatric XXXX and Depressive Symptoms: Clinical Correlates and @entity21557 Treatment Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder']


abstract: @entity4210 is an emerging pathogen that causes @entity1 granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects cell function in both vertebrate host and the tick vector, @entity3966 . Global tissue-specific response and apoptosis signaling pathways were characterized in @entity3966 nymphs and adult female midguts and salivary glands infected with A. phagocytophilum using a systems biology approach combining transcriptomics and proteomics. Apoptosis was selected for pathway-focused analysis due to its role in @entity2348 . The results showed tissue-specific differences in tick response to infection and revealed differentiated regulation of apoptosis pathways. The impact of @entity2348 was more pronounced in tick nymphs and midguts than in salivary glands, probably reflecting bacterial developmental cycle. All apoptosis pathways described in other organisms were identified in @entity3966 , except for the absence of the Perforin ortholog. Functional characterization using RNA interference showed that Porin knockdown significantly increases tick colonization by A. phagocytophilum. Infection with A. phagocytophilum produced complex tissue-specific alterations in transcript and protein levels. In tick nymphs, the results suggested a possible effect of @entity2348 on the inhibition of tick immune response. In tick midguts, the results suggested that A. phagocytophilum infection inhibited cell apoptosis to facilitate and establish infection through up-regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. @entity2348 inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tick salivary glands by down-regulating Porin expression that resulted in the inhibition of Cytochrome c release as the anti-apoptotic mechanism to facilitate @entity2348 . However, tick salivary glands may promote apoptosis to limit @entity2348 through induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. These dynamic changes in response to A. phagocytophilum in @entity3966 tissue-specific transcriptome and proteome demonstrated the complexity of the tick response to infection and will contribute to characterize gene regulation in ticks.

title: Systems biology of tissue-specific response to @entity4210 reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection of tick cells', 'bacterial infection', 'Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. scapularis', 'Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes scapularis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the functional independence of @entity1 with @entity1566 according to the Functional Independence Measure motor items. DESIGN: The study design was cross-sectional. SUBJECTS: All adult citizens of Helsinki with traumatic @entity1566 were identified. The final study group consisted of 121/152 subjects (80%). METHODS: Functional Independence Measure assessments and American Spinal Cord Association examinations were performed on all subjects by the same experienced group including a physician and a physiotherapist. RESULTS: The most assistance-craving items were climbing stairs and bladder management. There were no significant differences between the genders. Subjects with @entity1688 needed significantly more assistance in all motor items except walking/wheelchair locomotion, where there was no significant difference. Subjects with @entity1688 in American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale D had higher Functional Independence Measure scores, more functional independence, than subjects in American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale A-C, the difference being significant. CONCLUSION: Because of new information, the results of this study may provide better possibilities for planning and coordinating rehabilitation measures and social services.

title: Functional independence in @entity1 with XXXX in Helsinki.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Death records are a rich source of data, which can be used to assist with public surveillance and/or decision support. However, to use this type of data for such purposes it has to be transformed into a coded format to make it computable. Because the cause of @entity204 in the certificates is reported as free text, encoding the data is currently the single largest barrier of using @entity204 certificates for surveillance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a pipeline, composed of a detection rule and a natural language processor, for the real time encoding of @entity204 certificates using the identification of @entity55 and @entity683 cases as an example and demonstrating that its accuracy is comparable to existing methods. RESULTS: A Death Certificates Pipeline ( @entity1298 ) was developed to automatically code @entity204 certificates and identify @entity55 and @entity683 cases. The pipeline used MetaMap to code @entity204 certificates from the Utah Department of Health for the year 2008. The output of MetaMap was then accessed by detection rules which flagged @entity55 and @entity683 cases based on the Centers of Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) case definition. The output from the @entity1298 was compared with the current method used by the CDC and with a keyword search. Recall, precision, positive predictive value and F-measure with respect to the CDC method were calculated for the two other methods considered here. The two different techniques compared here with the CDC method showed the following recall/ precision results: @entity1298 : 0.998/0.98 and keyword searching: 0.96/0.96. The F-measure were 0.99 and 0.96 respectively ( @entity1298 and keyword searching). Both the keyword and the @entity1298 can run in interactive form with modest computer resources, but @entity1298 showed superior performance. CONCLUSION: The pipeline proposed here for coding @entity204 certificates and the detection of cases is feasible and can be extended to other conditions. This method provides an alternative that allows for coding free-text @entity204 certificates in real time that may increase its utilization not only in the public health domain but also for biomedical researchers and developers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study did not involved any clinical trials.

title: Identification of XXXX and @entity683 deaths using the Death Certificate Pipeline.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of olfactory function in @entity1 with olfactory loss following infections of the upper respiratory tract (post-URTI) or @entity542 . DESIGN: Retrospective @entity1 -based study. SETTING: Smell and Taste Outpatient Clinic at a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 361 @entity1 (228 @entity1 , 133 @entity1 ) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Olfactory function was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery, which result in a threshold, discrimination, and identification score. The mean interval between first and last visit was 14 months. RESULTS: In comparing the overall threshold, discrimination, and identification scores between the last and first visit, olfactory function improved in 26% of the @entity1 whereas it decreased in 6%. The cause of @entity73 had a significant effect on the recovery rate of olfactory function. Within the post-URTI group (n = 262), 32% of the @entity1 improved, but in the posttraumatic group (n = 99) only 10% improved. In @entity1 with post-URTI olfactory loss, a negative correlation was found between age and recovery of olfactory function. In general, the factor "sex" had no significant effect on recovery of smell function. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the series of @entity1 presented herein is the largest in the literature to date in which standardized testing methods were used to assess the progression of impaired olfaction. It showed that the rate of improvement of olfactory function was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity4838 compared with @entity1 with @entity4838 . During an observation period of approximately 1 year, more than 30% of @entity1 with post-URTI olfactory loss experienced improvement, whereas only 10% of @entity1 with posttraumatic olfactory loss experienced improvement. Furthermore, age plays a significant role in the recovery of olfactory function.

title: Recovery of olfactory function following closed XXXX or infections of the upper respiratory tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory impairment']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic dysosmia', 'post-URTI dysosmia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with an increased @entity64 ( @entity64 ) risk. Conventional measures of @entity27 severity do not predict individual risk. Cognitive function tests have failed to incorporate outcomes in risk prediction. We aimed to identify markers of cognitive function for @entity64 risk prediction in @entity27 . METHODS: @entity27 @entity1 [n   =   114, 75% male, median age 51 (43-61) years, body mass index (BMI) 30 (27-33) kg/m(2), @entity27 index 25 (6-49) n/h, and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) score 11 (8-16)] were recruited from a sleep laboratory. Two cognitive function tests, the Attention Network Test (ANT) and a modified Oxford Sleep Resistance Test (OSLER) test (GOSLING), were assessed. RESULTS: @entity27 @entity1 with (n   =   11) or without (n   =   103) a @entity64 record in the Swedish traffic accident registry were identified. In @entity1 with a @entity64 , 64% were commercial drivers. In @entity1 with a @entity64 history, more lapses [42 (5-121) vs. 5 (1-25), P   =   0.02] and fewer responses [238 (158-272) vs. 271 (256-277), P   =   0.03] to stimuli in the ANT were found. In the GOSLING, the number of lapses was higher (29 (10-97) vs. 7 (2-19), P   =   0.01) and the reaction time was longer [462 (393-551) vs. 407 (361-449) ms, P   =   0.05]. @entity27 severity and @entity25 score poorly predicted MVAs (P   >   0.2). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that deficit in sustained attention, assessed by daytime neurocognitive function tests, was associated with @entity64 risk in @entity27 @entity1 . We were unable to detect an association between @entity64 history and severity of @entity27 or the @entity25 score. The findings provide a rationale for further development of objective @entity64 risk assessment tools in @entity27 .

title: Attention deficits detected in cognitive tests differentiate between sleep apnea @entity1 with or without a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accident', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'Epworth Sleepiness']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['motor vehicle accident']


abstract: Sixty-four @entity235 with spontaneous soft tissue @entity242 without evidence of @entity3 were stratified by @entity5 volume and randomized to receive graded doses of radiotherapy (XRT) alone or radiotherapy plus @entity221 ( @entity221 ). An improvement in duration of local control was achieved with the addition of @entity221 as compared with XRT alone (Wilcoxon, p = 0.040; log rank, p = 0.064). Overall frequency of late complications was not different for the two treatment arms when comparing across equivalent XRT dose groups. Frequency of distant @entity3 after therapy completion was not significantly different for the two treatment arms at 1 year (7.4% for XRT versus 20% for @entity221 ) or 2 years (11.5% for XRT versus 25% for @entity221 ) post therapy. These results suggest that a therapeutic gain was achieved for this group of @entity5 -bearing animals. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the potential for various factors to influence treatment outcome. @entity1 related variables included @entity5 stage, histologic subtype and grade and @entity5 site. Treatment related variables included total radiation dose and 15 descriptors of temperature distributions achieved during @entity221 . When considering @entity1 related factors, @entity5 histology, grade and location were important predictors of time to minimum volume, but only @entity5 location influenced time to @entity5 regrowth. When considering treatment related factors, radiation dose was not significantly correlated with time to minimum volume or time to local regrowth, but it was correlated with probability for late normal tissue damage in the XRT alone group (p = 0.005). For the @entity221 treatments, 13 of 15 @entity5 temperature distribution descriptors were correlated with time to minimum volume, but none were correlated with time to local regrowth. These results suggest that caution should be used in interpreting the value of temperature distribution descriptors in predicting for long-term local control after @entity221 and radiotherapy, based on analysis of short-term responses.

title: Response of @entity235 soft tissue @entity242 to radiation or radiation plus XXXX : a randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT', 'HT plus XRT']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective single centre study. OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary rehabilitation focuses on improving the expiratory muscle function in order to increase the reduced cough capacity in @entity1 with cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). However, an improvement in the inspiratory function is also important for coughing effectively. Therefore, this study was to examine the significance of the inspiratory muscle strength on the cough capacity in the @entity1 with a cervical @entity1566 . SETTING: @entity1566 unit, Yonsei Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: The vital capacity (VC), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. Moreover, the unassisted peak cough flow (PCF) and assisted PCF under three conditions were evaluated. RESULTS: All three assisted cough methods showed a significantly higher value than the unassisted method (P < 0.001). The VC correlated with the voluntary cough capacity and the @entity551 (R = 0.749) correlated more significantly with the VC than the MEP (R = 0.438) (P < 0.01). The @entity551 showed a higher correlation with both the unassisted PCF and all three assisted PCFs than the MEP (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The management of the inspiratory muscle strength should be considered in the pulmonary rehabilitation at cervical @entity1566 @entity1 .

title: Relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and cough capacity in cervical spinal cord injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['maximum inspiratory pressure', 'MIP']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The paper presents the operative technique and the results of treatment of adult @entity1 with primary @entity5 of the @entity2339 , including rare ones. The aim of the study was to show the possibility of safe surgical treatment of rare @entity5 of the @entity2339 through a bifrontal basal interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity2339 were operated on in the Neurosurgical Clinic in Sosnowiec between 1990 and 2008. There were 2 @entity1 with @entity976 located exclusively in the third ventricle, and single @entity1 with @entity816 , @entity1222 and @entity10128 each. The @entity1 were treated surgically with a bi-frontal basal interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. In two cases, the neuronavigation system with the use of tractography (DTI) was used to determine the location of the lamina terminalis, the posterior surface of the optic chiasm and the optic tracts. RESULTS: All lesions were resected totally, except for partially resected @entity10128 . The most common @entity260 was @entity2010 , which was transient in two cases. A long-lasting follow-up of all the @entity1 operated on did not reveal regrowth of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The bifrontal basal interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach allows for radical resection of primary @entity5 of the @entity2339 while avoiding serious post-operative deficits. This approach enabled the preservation of the olfactory bulb and tract and prevented @entity75 . The use of DTI helped to establish the location and borders of the lamina terminalis, to establish the posterior surface of the optic chiasm and the optic tracts, and to save the anterior and lateral wall of the @entity2339 .

title: Rare primary @entity5 of the XXXX in adults: clinical course and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis X']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['gemistocytic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma of the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus']


abstract: The @entity517 is overexpressed in 70% of @entity14 and can modulate proliferation and apoptosis after cytotoxic insult. Using an isogenic cell system, we demonstrate that @entity517 overexpression in @entity694 LoVo cells resulted in sensitisation to @entity9800 -induced apoptosis, thus identifying @entity517 as a potential marker predicting response of @entity14 cells to @entity9800 . Both @entity9800 exposure and @entity517 overexpression in LoVo cells resulted in elevation of @entity876 protein levels, suggesting a role of @entity876 in the @entity517 -imposed sensitisation to the apoptotic effects of @entity9800 . This was confirmed by the ability of PFT-alpha, a specific inhibitor of @entity876 , to attenuate @entity9800 -induced apoptosis. @entity876 can induce the expression of @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ), an antiproliferative protein that can facilitate DNA repair and drug resistance. Importantly, although @entity9800 treatment markedly increased @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) levels in parental LoVo cells, this effect was abrogated in @entity517 -overexpressing derivatives. Targeted inactivation of @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) in HCT116 @entity694 cells resulted in significantly increased levels of apoptosis following treatment with @entity9800 , demonstrating the importance of @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) in the response to this agent. Finally, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify genes that are modulated in expression by @entity517 upregulation that could serve as additional markers predicting response to @entity9800 . Thirty-four sequences were altered in expression over four-fold in two isogenic @entity517 -overexpressing clones compared to parental LoVo cells. Moreover, the expression of 10 of these genes was confirmed to be significantly correlated with response to @entity9800 in a panel of 30 @entity14 cell lines.

title: @entity517 overexpression sensitises @entity694 cells to XXXX -induced apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity517 :: ('4609', 'Gene') :: ['proto-oncogene c-Myc', 'c-Myc']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumour', 'colorectal tumours']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: Of 98 retrospectively selected @entity1 couples insured under one scheme (group I) who, based on performance of a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), were assumed to be under active @entity249 care, 96 were confirmed as infertile. These were matched by date, @entity1 age and time of HSG to 96 @entity1 under @entity249 care (group II). Both @entity1 populations were then prospectively evaluated for outcome and cost of treatment. Total physician charges for groups I and II were similar. However, charges per achieved clinical pregnancy were higher in group I than group II since group I @entity1 demonstrated a lower pregnancy rate (28/96, 29%) than group II @entity1 (41/96, 43%) (P=0.05). Within group I, pregnancy rates were identical, whether treatment was provided by generalists or subspecialists. In group II, all care was provided by specialists. The number of days of treatment did not vary between groups I and H, though generalists in group I provided significantly fewer treatment days than specialists in either group I (P=0.003) or in group II (P=0.021). This was primarily due to a significantly higher @entity1 drop-out rate in group I @entity1 , and especially amongst those who received care from generalists (P < 0.0019). Group I @entity1 also encountered significantly more surgical procedures than group H @entity1 (P=0.0016). If physician charges are discounted and customary surgical facility costs are added, the actual cost structure for fertility care in group I @entity1 was dramatically higher than in group II @entity1 . The most cost-effective format to provide @entity249 care of high quality appears to be a managed care setting in which subspecialists provide a majority of care and in which @entity1 choice is restricted to those subspecialists.

title: Cost considerations with XXXX therapy: outcome and cost comparison between health maintenance organization and preferred provider organization care based on physician and facility cost.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']